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LAWRBNCK, PRINTER, At the Brockville Conference of June, 1844, the following Resolution was passed :— "Resolved, That the Chairman of the Toronto District, the Superintendent of Toronto Station, and the Editor of the Christian Guardian, be a Committee to Revise the Course of Study." In accordance with the Resolution of the Con- ference, we have attempted only a revision of the present, and not the formation of a new. Course of Study. That revision embraces the following par- ticulars :— 1st, The expunging of questions thought not necessary. 2ndly, The altering of others, to make them more suitable. 3rdly, The insertion of questions introducing new topics, or more fully drawing out those topics already introduced. 4thly, The omission of some books in the number assigned for the Student to read, and the introduction of others. Sthly, The changing of subjects for the three last years, in order better to equalize the labour. It is hoped that the revised Course will be found suitable to the state and position of the Wesleyan-Methodist Church in Canada. ANSON GREEN, ^ HENRY WILKINSON, GEORGE F. PLAYTER. Wesletan Book Room, Toronto^ October-, 1844. ORDER OF STUDIES. I FIRST YEAR. , 1. Theologt. 2. The Philosophy of Language. SECOND YEAR. 1. Ecclesiastical Historf. 2. Geography. THIRD YEAR. 1. History, Ancient and Modern. 2. Logic. FOURTH YEAR. 1. Natural Philosophy. 2. Moral Philosophy. 3. Rhetoric. GUAGE. PH¥. FIRST YEAR. (j;l)eologti AND THE OGIC. J)l)lloso|)liB of CanguaQc. OPHY. .n--h,.,i«»<^--^' . . **j .^^..w*;! m» —»* ^-rv-jf-nr*? BOOKS. I. Theology. ^"""^ ^"Lm^^intance with the various parts ot Iheology required, the followinff works are to be read by the Student :— Wesley's Sermons, Treatise on Ori- ,ginal Sin, Plain Account of Christian Per- fection, and Treatise on Baptism. His Notes on the New Testament should also be consulted. Fletcher's Five Checks to Antinomi- anisni, and his Appeal. Watson's Theological Institutes. Isaac and Merritt on Baptism. Paley's Evidences of Christianity, with his "Horae Paulina.'' ^ II. Philosophy op Language. On this subject, Blair's Lectures on Khetoric, and Murray's English Gram- mar, are to be used. ^f '■5/\^"t V Lennie, or any English Grammar C Sam' n '? reputation, may_al8o%e used. But »ae eiamiflaiion is lounded on Murray.] QUESTIONS FOUNDED ON THE BOOKS RECOMMENDED. I'arious lowing t:— n Ori- n Per- His !d also inomi- *^* The Examiner may introduce other questions in addition, if he judge it necessary. , with 3s on rram- Lmmar But 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. G. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. I. Theology. What is Theology? What is its end ? Where is it chiefly to be found ? What do you understand by the Scriptures? How were they given ? Give the two grand divisions of them. Who wrote the Pentateuch ? How was he made acquainted with the facts he records ? What first brought him into public notice ? Why ■ re the children of Israel called He- brew^^ ? How long did they sojourn in Egypt ? By what means v)ere they brought out ? What nations were driven from Canaan ? Wherefore? Give a description of the Israelitish Church. How were the Israelites governed after the death of Joshua ? And how aftei that ? ".ySifflp" 8 THEOLOGY. 18. By what various means did God reveal his will unto the Israelites? 19. What predictions are there in the Prophets respecting the Messiah? 20. How did Christ answer to these predictions? 21. In what year of the world did Christ come ? 22. What was the object of his coming ? 23. How did he accomplish it? 24. Describe the offices which he sustains. 25. By what means does he carry on his work ? 26. What are the three sorts of Evidences of the divinj authority of the Scriptures? 27. What is the difference between the external and internal evidence of their divine authority ? 28. What are Paley's evidences of the truth of Christianity? 29. What objections does he refute, and how ? 30. What is the argument of the ' Horae Peulinae?* 31. What are the principal Doctrines of the Scrip- tures? 32. Name the Attributes of God. 33. Distinguish between his natural and moral attributes. 34. How are they displayed? 35. Is the light of Nature sufficient to lead any one to a knowledge of the true God? 36. How came some of the Heathens to acknow- ledge Him ? 37. Give the Scriptural account of the doctrine of the Trinity. 38. In what state was Man created? 39. What is meant by the imac^e of God? 40. What privileges were connected with this state ? 4 4 4 •«.,#-— ^- - THEOLOGY. • 41. What is innn'fl present state ? 4iJ. 13y what arguments do you prove this ? 43. What have Wesley and Fletcher written an this subject? 44. Whence does Wesley derive his arguments to prove the hereditary depravity of man ? 45. State Fletcher's arguments in his Appeal. 46. What is Repentance? 47. Whence arises its necessity? 48. What are the evidences of true repentance ? 49. Show the nature and necessty of Regeneration. 50. What is the condition of Justification? 51. Define justifying Faith. 52. What do you mean by justification by faith? 53. Why is it necessary to be justified by faith? 54. What is the evidence of it ? Its fruits? 55. Give the substance of Mr. Wesley's Sermon on this subject. 56. What does Mr. Fletcher say on justification by faith ? 57. Give his definition of saving faith. 58. Quote bome texts in point, both from the Old and New Testaments. * 59. What are the controversies among Christians on this subject? 60. State the diflerence between a legal and an evangelical justification. 61. Explain the meaning of Sanctification or Holi- ness ;— the radical meaning of these terms, and their meaning when applied to the experience of Christians. 62. Why is it necessary to be entirely sanctified before death ? ■ •«.-.«Nii.)i«:«w«»s»w,(i*.-!wnsp ; % 10 63. THEOLOGY. Prove the doctrine of entire sanctification before death ; — from Scripture, from Wesley, and from Fletcher. 64. "What are the arguments brought against it? 65. When may a person believe himself thus sanc- tified? 66. What are its fruits? 67. Describe the difference between the fruits of the Spirit in a justified and in an entirely sanc- tified state. 68. What do you mean by the Witness of the Spirit ? 69. How would you detect deception on this subject ? 70. Does the Christian's satisfaction arise from the mere beli^ that he is in the favour of God, or from some other cause ? 71. What cause is that ? 72. Prove your doctrine from Scripture,— from ex- perience and analogy. 73. Explain Redemption. 74. Is there any difference between this and Atone- ment? If so, state the difference. 75. Give the radical meaning of both terms. 76. Show how they were effected by Christ. 77. Prove your doctrine from Scripture, and from the authors you have read. 78. What are the unconditional benefits of the Atonement ? 79. Its conditional benefits ? 80. Prove the fact that Christ made an Atonement for all men. 81. Why then are not all saved? 82. What are the arguments for endless punish- ment? THEOLOGY. 11 83. How do you prove that the wicked are punished immediately after death, and the righteous im- mediately blessed ? 84. In what consists the peculiar happiness of the saints after death ? 85. How do you prove the Resurrection of the body? 86. What will take place after this? 87. Who will be the Judge ? 88. How is he qualified for this office ? 89. Prove the D" 'nity of Christ. 90. Why is his V. inity essential to Christianity? 91. On what principle will he pronounce sentence ? 92. How does this agree with salvation by grace ? 93. What are the points of difference between us and the Calvinists ? 94. Whence originated this controversy ? 95. What was the origin of this controversy in the 18th century ? What were the principal points of debate be- tween Mr. Fletcher and his opponents? What are the points of difference between us and the Unitarians ?\ 98. The Universalists ? w 99. The Roman Catholics ?--*-'• 100. The Quakerfil 101. What are the distinguishing characteristics of Christianity, when compared with other sys- tems of religion 7 102. Wherein does Christianity differ from the reli- gion of nature, or Deism ? 103. What is Atheism "? 104. What are the arguments used iu favour of it ? How are they refuted ? 96. 97. 1*1 ! i'i 12 105. 106. THEOLOGY. lor. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114, 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 12?. What are the Sacraments of Christianity? Who are the suitable subjects of Baptism ? Prove it. What is the Scriptural mode ? Prove it. What is essential to constitute a valid baptism ? When was Christian Baptism established ? What are its uses? On what does it depend for its authority ? Who are the suitable recipients of the Lord's Supper? When was it instituted ? What are its uses ? Why is it the duty of all Christians to partake of it? Whence does Christianity derive its charac- teristic peculiarity ? Who among the heathens believed in the im- mortality of the soul ? Prove the immortality of the soul from the Scriptures. What reasons are there independent of the Scriptures for the soul's immortality? What is the final cause of all the dispensations of God? How ought men to worship God? What is meant by the Providence of God? Prove that all things come under its notice and control. Reconcile this with free agency. In what does free agency consist ? Reconcile free agency with salvation by grace. Why has Divine Revelation not been more generally known ? LANGUAGE. 13 128. What are the prominent reasons why sinners do not embrace the gospel ? 129. State in few words the whole duty of man. 130. Prove the moral law to be binding on Chris- tians. 131. What law was abrogated by the Gospel? 132. What is a Parable ? 133. Why did Christ speak in parables? 134. Do you discover any peculiarity of style in the Holy Scriptures? 135. Reconcile St. Paul and St. James on the sub- ject of justification by faith. 136. It is objected by some that we have no other account of the miracles recorded in Scripture than what is contained in the Scriptures them- selves — if so, how are these reputed miracles a proof that the Scriptures are of God? II. The Philosophy of Language. 1. What is Language ? 2. Give the etymology of the word. 3. What is meant by articulate sounds? 4. What by inarticulate? 5. Do you suppose there is any natural connexion betvveen the ideas of the mind and the sounds of words ? 6. Give some of the theories concerning the origin of language. 7. Did language exist perfect at first? Why t 14 LANGUAGE. 8. By what method could men have communicated their emotions had they not known the use of words ? 9. In giving names to things, do you think there was any agreement between the things named and the sound of the words ? Why? 10. To what class of words, then, must names have primarily belonged? 11. When words were few, by what means was their scarcity remedied ? 12. What is Prosody ? 13. In what particulars did the ancients differ from the moderns in the mode of pronunciation ? 14. What contributed to do away or change this ancient and expressive way of speaking? 15. What peculiarity distinguished the style of the ancients? 16. In what books extant is this style most prevalent? 17. What contributed to change this style ? 18. What do you observe respecting the primitive order and arrangement of sentences ? 19. What is the most natural order of a sentence ? 20. What difference do you discover between the ancients and the moderns in the arrangement of sentences ? 21. What are the other modes of communicating with each other besides speaking ? 22. What is the difference between written and spoken language ? 23. How many sorts of written characters are there ? 24. Which is the most ancient mode of writing ? 25. Which succeeded to that mode? 26. Who invented this mode ] LANGUAGE. 15 27. What method next obtained ? as. Do you find any remains of this method ? 29. State the origin of this method. 30. From whence did we derive our Arithmetical Figures ? 31. State the origin of Aphabetical Writing. 32. What is the Grammar of a language? 33. Is this natural or artificial ? 34. What is the first thing to be considered in lan- guage ? 35. Into how many parts of speech is language divided 1 36. What are these parts of speech called? 37. Which do you consider the most essential part? 38. Distinguish between the genera and species of substantives. 39. How are they otherwise distinguished 1 40. What is the use of an article ? 41. Give some examples of the different powers of the articles, a and the,. 42. How are nouns declined ? 43. How many cases are there in English ? How dist nguished ? 44. Give an example of each. 45. How many genders are there ? What are they t 46. What do you understand by gender ? 47. How then can there be a neuter gender? 48. Have we any substitutes for nouns 1 What are they ^ 49. Of what use are pronouns 9 50. Are they subject to the same modifications as nouns 'i 51. How many things belong to pronouns ? 16 LANGUAGE. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 5r. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. How many persons are there ? What is the difference between a personal, rela- tive, and demonstrative pronoun? Illustrate by some examples. What is an adjective? To what word in the sentence does it belong? To which are these the nearest related, to verbs or substantives ? How many degrees of compari&on are there to adjectives ? What is the most complex part of speech? What is a verb ? Why so called ? How many kinds are there ? Give an example of each. Are you satisfied with this division 1 What belong to verbs ? How many numbers are there ? How many tenses ? Give an example of each. How many moods ? Give an example of each. What are these variations called? Why so called ? What is the difference between a regular and irregular verb ? What is an adverb ? Why so called ? How many kinds are there ? What is the use of prepositions ? What are conjunctions P And their use ? How many sorts are there ? What are interjections f What their use ? Give some examples of the derivation of words. What is this process in the knowledge of gram- mar called 1 LANGUAGE. 17 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. Of what use is a knowledge of Etymology ? From whence is the English Language derived ? To what causes is owing the apparent irregu- larity of our language ? Do you perceive any advantages arising from the manner in which our language has been constructed ? In what does its peculiarity consist ? What is Syntax ? What is a sentence ? Give an example. State the first rule in syntax. Does this rule apply universally? The second rule ? Illustrate it. Illustrate the third. The fourth. The fifth. How does the sentence, you are a righteous man, agree with this rule ? Do you observe anything particular in the use of the pronoun it under this rule ? Illustrate rule sixth. The seventh. The eighth. The ninth. The tenth. The eleventh. The twelfth. The thirteenth. The fourteenth. The fifteenth. The sixteenth. The seventeentl^. The eighteenth. B 18 LANGUAGE. I 108. 109. 110. 111. 105. The nineteenth. 106. The twentieth. 107. The twenty-first. The twenty-eecond. Parse a few lines out of Milton, and a few verses of a Psalm. What is verbal criticism ? What is necessary to qualify a man for this sort of criticism ? 112. Of what use is this in theology ? 113. Is a critical knowledge of grammar essential to a critical knowledge of Scripture ? 114. Which is the safest rule to depend on, in ascer- taining the general sense of Scripture,— verbal criticism, or the analogy of faith ? How may a Minister of Jesus Christ best apply this sort of knowledge in the defence and illus- tration of Scripture truth ? 115. nd a few a for this essential ? , in aseer- , — verbal ►est apply and illns- • SECOND YEAR. (£(cUsta0tual ^tstorg ▲MB (gfogvaplia. BOOKS. il !i I. Ecclesiastical History. For an acquaintance with the liistory of the Church, the following works are to be perused by the Student :— Mosheim'g Ecclesiastical History. P'Aubigne's History of the Reformation. Neal's History of the ''uritans. Moore's Life of Wesley. Drew's Life of Dr. Coke. Bang's History of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Powell on Apostolical Succession.* n. Geography. The questions are not founded on any particular Geography, or books of Travels and Voyages ; and therefore the Student KMiy make hi» own selection. fnr*»il*'^ Student may read the following works, which will Ind Tl,eo£f!^" acquaintance both with Church History T^Zhti^Y^^''^ James Arminlus, D.D., translated by James Milner'a History of the Church of Christ. It suDoliea much of what is omitted by Mosheim, who also gives much of what IS omii.ed by Milner. The latter profefses to g"5e only the history of genuine piety. But for the Calvinism interspersed, the work might be unqualifiedly recomtnendeS ChSSIhfytrie^?'"^^ ^^ "^"^•"' ^'- '^« ^^ Y. liistory cs are to •mation. QUESTIONS. 3t Epis- m." on any Pravels Student i^hich will h History by James liistory of supplies vea much es to give 'alvinism unended. binij of I. Ecclesiastical History. 1. What is meant by Ecclesiastical History? ■2. What was the civil state of the world when Christ came ? 3. What was the name and nature of the civil government ? 4. What was the religious state of the Jews T 5. Of the Gentiles? 6. What were their gods ? 7. What sort of worship 'vas paid to them ? 8. What influence had this on public morals ? 9. What system of philosophy prevwled at this time? 10. How were the Jews governed ? 11. Under whose government did Christ suffer and die? 12. What were the most distinguished sects among the Jews at that time ? 13. Distinguish the peculiar opinions of each^ 14. In what particulars did the doctrines of Christ oppose theirs 1 99 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. t« How many did Christ choose to aid him in the iR ^u 7' ^"'^ "^^^^ ^"« 'hey called? 17 )XJy<^'«t number, and why so called ? 17. What success did they meet with? 7./LrJl '^l ''"'""^ "««'«"^d by the friend, and what by the enemies for Christ's death ? 19. In what year of the world did that han;..., ? 20. What success had the gospel after tins event? nLT^' means were the Apostles enabled to . preach with such success? 22. Where was the first Christian Church founded ? ^J. How was It instituted? 24. Were there Churches established in other pl^es about this time ? p'j^i-m 25. Did they suffer persecution ? ^^' ^Zf^T, ^"^ P."*'""'" displeasure of God rnanifested towards the Jews for their conduct towards Christ and his followers ? n„?r'^' '^"''' «"«'«"°g«. and name the princi- pal human instruments of them. ^l?'i*T^u^*'^^^^"PP«'^^ How long after the death of Christ ? ''' LitT. rr °^'^^^P"ti<'"l" persecutions If) wu ? ^ Christians in this century ? ,t ,^u ^ "^^'^ *^^ *^^"««« of them ? 31. What forms of punishment were devised? 32. How many suffered n . rty ^dom ? 33. What influence had uu . .. , . ,nkind in veep^ct io Christianity ? '^ ^" 34. What peculiar tenets of philosophy were preva- lent about this time ? v y ^i^ preva 3G* H^^'Z^^ *^" ^""^'"* «*^*« °f' learning ? 3G. W ere there any learned ministers of the Church ? ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 29 37. How waa the ministry supported? 38. What was the nature of the episcopal office at that time ? 39. What eflforts were made to enlarge the episco- pal jurisdiction 7 40. Who were the writers in the Church? And what did they write ? 41. What were the spurious v,riting8 ? 42. Do you find any nominal distinction between the new and older converts to the Christian faith ? 43. Why this distinction? 44. Did the Church pay particular attention to youth ? 45. Give a brief outline of the rites and ceremoniea of the Church at this time. 46. What were the principal heresies broached during this century ? 47. From whence came Gnosticism ? 48. What influence had these heresies on Chris- tianity ? 49. What progress did Christianity make at the commencement of the second century ? 50. Do you find any miraculous interpositions ia behalf of the Christians about this time ? 51. What were the first symptoms of departure from primitive simplicity and purity ? 52. Describe their causes. 53. At what time did the first councils in the Church take pit^ce ? 54. What effects did they produce ? 5.5. Name the most famous councils and synods of the Church to the present day, and the time and place of holding. 24 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. ECCLfiBIASTlCAL HISTORY. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69, 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. WWere,heco„.,„ve„ial.ri,e™.„,he=e.o„d What reasons were assigned for .he mnieiplica- ^on of ceremonies in the Chnrch ? '^ S^ir drrineV'^'" """^ ^^'""-' -^ *' fenrri:tr ""''"' ^'*'" °f *» «« *ree -Tfifrc^:lf^^''"^""'-''f"'^four.h Mention ,he principal worka of ,he Fathers s!,tr'''"^'''''^''"»»''"™Peror» State the ctrcnmstances of his conversion. Wha toiiuence had this on pure religion" d^ts:cnr-''-*"^'*-f'.isi„™e. o'^hXToctn:'.*"''"'^-''^^— f-e What were his character and fate? ^ m»Tr T- ""''''' *'°''™»^'i arise? What were his peculiar opinions ? In what year was the Hegira ? U /, / Who" 1°"";^ r ^ "- Mohammlrr^ Ichrhf "^""^ ''^'='"='' -P'™^ head of JiL'ctcl.r''^"''''''''^''"^ convulsion in ^ate the point, <,f jifl.„^„^^ ^^, What reasons .nfluenced ih. E,. ^i ■ ."UXfenngfrotnthcWesterniuhdiigEi" ^1%. la ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 25 the second lultiplica- and what rat three he fourth Fathers on. •n? 3 inime- i of the lead of sion in of the m. tiurch ieter ? 77. What was the general state of learning, morals, and religion, about this time ? 78. Give a general statement of the character of the clergy. 79. After this what gave the first shock to the unity of the Latin Church ? 80. What was the state of learning and religion at this time ? 81. By whom, and when did the Reformation com- mence, and where ? 82. Were there any attempts to reform the Romish Church previous to this event ? 83. When did this happen, and by whom 7 84. Give the origin and history of the Waldenses. 85. When and where arose Wickliffe 1 86. In what respects did he oppose the priesthood? 87. State some of the remarkable incidents of the Reformation, with the instruments of carrying it forward in Germany, France, Switzerland, Holland, England, Scotland. 88. What were the principal points of controversy between the Reformers and the Romanists ? 89. Why were the Reformers called Protestants? 90. What were the points of difference among the Protestants ? 91. State the two grand divisions of the Protestant world. 92. What was their conduct towards each other ? 93. Give an account of the two leading champions of this division. 94. What princes reigned in Europe at this time? 95. Who favoured the Reiormaliou, and who op- posed it ? I ! 1' 26 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 06, Give a description of the general state of reli- Kernt;^'"^'^'^'^^^^^-^-"^-^^^^ 97. WhowasArminius? ''■ifStinT'''''^^''^'''"'^'^^^^'-fr°™*h°«« 99. What were the decisions of the Synod of Dort ^ 101. What took place at the Assembly of Divines in Westminster ? divines Give an account of the several secte in Ehl- land and Scotland about this time. ' Who emigrated to America ? when, and under what king's reign ? Who were the most eminent characters in the <;^hurch durmg the I7th century ? Bmhren.^'''"'^ '"^ '"^''^'"' «^^he Moravian m. Who made a remarkable innovation in the established order of the Church at the com! mencement of this century ? 108. State their peculiar doctrines, and their treat- iiicrii r« 109. Do you find anj^extraordinary characters in the 110 Did Iv f"?'^'""^"^ «^ 'he 18th century ? 110. Did they introduce any new doctrine ? 111. By what names and peculiarities were they distinguished? ^ III' Whir ^''T' "^ '^^ P^^^^^«« °f the work. 113. What were the principal points of controversy between them and their adversaries ? ^ 103. 104. 105. 106. nrtoiiTri ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 27 114. By whom was the controversy chiefly con- ducted? , ,. 115. By whom, and when was Methodism intro- daced into Ireland, Scotland, East and West Indies, America? 116. Who were the first regular itinerants in America? ^ , • • .i, 117. What was the general state of religion in the Provinces? , 118. When were the Methodist societies erected into a church in America ? 119. State the circumstances of that event. 120. What form tf government was adopted ? 121. Distinguish between the vital principles and . the circumstantials of Methodisni. 122. When was Methodism introduced into Canada, and by whom? 123. Who were the first regular Missionaries in Upper and Lower Canada? 124. When and where was the Canada Conference organized ? 125. When were the Methodists in Canada acknow- ledged an independent Church? 126. Give the history of ihat event. 127. What were the numbers of ministers and mem- bers at that time ? 128. Wherein consists the peculiarity of our Church government ? 129. What are the principal forms of Chnrch Gov- ernment? 130. Assign the arguments used in favour of each. 131. Give the arguments showing that Presbyters and Bishops are one order. 28 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. '''' 7uot:LTr' ^^ phrase ^Apostolical 133 Hnw r ' ^' "'^"^ ^y '^"^^ Episcopalians'/ w^itTs-;?^ I35' YI'^uV^' ''"' «"^<=^««ion from the Apostles ^ 135. At what time, and by whom, was the doc rine into th P "' '''^' "'■ '^' ^^^hops introduced 1 Q« T,.u ^ P'-o^estant Church ? 136. What are the principal uses of Church His- '''* Sn?'"^^'^^^'^^^^'^^^"^-^-^h-ch '''' JurTnltt .''"r^ °^ ""^"^^"^^^ «P--^-- auring the last century. 139. Give a general view of the present state of 1 40 £h"''^*"^ty throughout the world. 140. What proportion of it is Christian, and M^hat TultV/'^^^^^^^^^^^'-^-h- are they 141. What are the principal means now using for 140 wt^'"r^^'^"^'«"«f Christianity? ^ 145. What do you consider the most efficient means to promote vital Christianity in the world ? ' I ii' < Icanoes ? 109. What countries are subject to earihqi'akes? lift. What are the advantages and disadvantages of colonies to a country ? 111 . What is a hemisphere ? How many ? What called ? 112. How many oceans are there ? What called ? 113. What separates America from Europe, and what from Asia? 114. What proportion of America is civilized ? 115. Describe the government, religion, and num- ber of inhabitants, of Texas, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and the other independent coun- tries of America. 116. Name the principal ancient and moderri geo- graphers. 117. Mention the principal circumnavigators. 118. What attempts have been made to make the north-west passage ? by whom and when ? 119. How far south have ships sailed ? 120. How many sorts of civil governments are there? 121. What was the first ? Give its origin and pro- gress. 122. What is the end of civil government ? i :1 GEOGRAPHY. 35 123. Why have the people a right to reform a govern- ment when it becomes corrupt ? . , 124. How should a minister conduct himself in rela- tion to civil and political affairs? 125. What are the principal uses of Geography to a minister of the Lord Jesus? i if M \ written Sermon, enlarged Plan of a Sermon, or doctrinal Essay, is now * ex- pected from each Preacher on trial ; but the subject is left to his own choice. • The late General Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church has adopted this rule. r-ga—aBWfcfi mm THIRD YEAR. ^ifltor^, 2lncient anb ilto^Jcvn, AMD Cojjic. !i, ■ ■ I l| ■»!«» BOOKS. I. History. JeiT'"""'" '^""■•'""'«^ """^ »'«'^ of the New tLZI^"^^'"" °^ '"« 0'^ -^ Rollings Ancient History ^lutarch's Lives. Goldsmith's History of Rome land^^h"!^ Smollett's History of EnR- ' P • '^'"' ""e continuation by Miller ^ W.Tso.'s Caries V., i^Z'^n, n. Logic. Watts's, Duncan's, or Hedge's, QUESTIONS. I. History. 1. Ancient. 1. What do you understand by Sacred History? and what by Civil ? 2. State when the one ends and the other begins. 3. Give the origin of the human race. 4. When did that event happen ? 5. Which is the oldest History extant ? 6. In what age of the world, and under whose government, did Josephus live ? 7. Through how many centuries does his history continue ? 8. In what age of the world did the Flood happen ? 9. What evidence is there in the present state of the world of that event ? 10. How many generations were there from Adam to Noah ? 11. Give the origin of alphabetical writing. 12. Give a brief outline of, the peopling of the world, and the dispersions of thj human family after the death of Noah, 13. What is meant by Mythology ? 40 ANCIENT HISTORY. 14. 15. 16. 17. '29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. How does it differ from History 7 By whom and when was Egypt founded ? ?I ah Itr^"' -^-kablecurioshies. How was Egypt divided, and how governed ? WhTar; r"'"" ^' '""^ EgyptiLr "' ' What^ dynasty reigned when Joseph rose to How long was Egypt a Persian province ? VVhen commenced the Macedonian rule ^nd how long did it continue ? ' """"^ When did Egypt become a Roman province? IVKo* J . ^"onammedan conciuest ? C:!*: "*"' "''■»"'°"' -" government of What gave rise to the first Punic war, and how long (lid It continue ? VVhat caused the second ? how long did it last ■> what battlesdid Hannibal fight ' d?",rr''''^*''<'''""-™.-'lhow,„„g B';^:ho:*:d'xrw::rT/^.^"*'- founded ? ^^ -is^ymn empire What was its capital ? IS. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 2S. Si7. ANCIENT HISTORY. 41 5 36. Do the Scriptures and profane authors ascribe its foundation to the same person ? 37. Describe the situation, dimensions, and strength of Babylon and Nineveh. 38. Who began, and who completed the latter city ? 39. What curiosities were in the former 1 40. What prophet of Israel was cotemporary with Sardanapalus, the Assyrian king? 41. Who conquered Babylon ? 42. State the circumstances of that event, from Scripture and profane history. 43. In what year of the world did this happen ? 44. What was the political condition of the Jews at this time ? 45. How was their interest affected by the taking of Babylon ? 46. What bearing on the truth of Scripture has this event ? 47. In what books are those prophecies found? 48. How do you prove that they were not written after the event ■? 49. In what year of the world was the Persian em- pire founded 1 50. Where is its founder spoken of in Scripture ? 51. How long before he was borni 52. Who was the first monarch of the Medes ? 53. How did he obtain that honour ? 54. How long did Cyrus reign ? 55. Who among the Jews rose to credit and power under him ? 56. What sort of a religion prevailed in this empire ? 57. What reformaiion in religiou took place about this time in the Persian empire ? fl 42 ANCIENT HISTORY. 58, 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78, 79. 80. By whom, and what was his doctrine ? How long did this empire last ? What led to its destruction ? Give the origin of the states of Greece. . Give the account and date of the expedition of the Argonauts. How arose the Trojan wnr, and when did it close? Give the account and date of the Ionic migration. When flourished Theseus and Lycurgus? Name the remarkable exploits attributed to Theseus. When occurred the first War of the Athenians with Sparta, and what was the cause of it? Into how many states was Greece divided? What states established colonies ? Where ' What form of civil government prevailed amonc them ? ^ In what particulars did Athens and Spartu differ, and in what agree ? What illustrious men arose among them ? Who v/eie the Seven Wise Men of Greece ? Who was the greatest man among them in your opinion ? Why ? When and where was Herodotus born, and what did he write ? What was the first cause of the Persian war? Give the dates and particulars of the battles of Marathon, Artemisium, Salamis, and Platsea. Who stayed the Persian army at Thermopylae? What brought on the Peloponnesian war? How long did it last, and what effect had it on Athens ? . ANCIENT HISTORY. 43 • 81. Who conducted the Athenian expedition to Sicily, and how did it terminate ? 82. Describe the Retreat of the Ten Thousand, and the cause of it. 83. How arose the Sacred War, and how long did it last ? 84. Name the independent Grecian states. 85. Name the great architects, painters, sculptora, and musicians, of Greece. 86. What specimens of ancient Grecian architec- ture exist? 87. What are the Grecian orders, and in what do they differ from each other? 88. Name the great captains, poets, orators, histo- rians, and statesmen. 89. What great moralist and philosopher arose at Athens in the reign of Artaxerxes? 90. Give a short account of him and his doctrine, and of his end. 91. How long did the Grecian states maintain their liberties ? 92. What King reigned in Macedon in the time of Demosthenes? 93. Give a short history of him. 94. What king arose next, and when ? 95. From whom did he derive his precepts ? 96. How many nations did he finally conquer? 97. What became of his empire after his death ? 98. Give the geographical boundaries of each kiug- dom. 99. Name the generals who shareu"the empire? 100. When was Greece overrun by the Goths ? 101. When did the Turks obtain possession of it' M ill 44 ANCIENT HISTORY. i 102. What Greeks does Plutarch write the lives of? and what Romans ? 103. Who founded the library of Alexandria, and who destroyed it ? 104. When, and by whom, were the Hebrew Scrip- tures translated into Greek ? /nf * ^!'^'' ^""^ ^y '^^*'" ^^^ ^^'^^ founded ? 106. What was the form of its first government? 107. How long did the monarchy last, and who were the kings ? Ill' IJ^^^^f^''* of a government succeeded to that? 109. Describe the other forms of government until the estabhshmen; )f the Imperial. 110. How long did the Commonwealth last? 111. Who formed the first Triumvirate ? and who the second ? 112. What was the nature of the Agrarian Laws? IIJ. In whose reign was Jesus Christ born ? 114. In whose reign, and in what year, was he crucified ? 115. How, and by whom, was Judea governed at that time? 116. Mention some of the prominent characteristics 11T 5*; ^*'»g"Ia. the successor of Tiberius. 117. Under whose reign, and by what General, was Jerusalem taken? Describe some of the most prominent circum- stances of that event. In what way does this confirm the truth of Scnpture ? 120. What are the five causes assigned by Gibbon for the growth of Christianity ? 21. Who were the four good emperors ? 118. 119. ANCIENT HISTORY. 45 122. What emperors reigned in the first century of the Christian era? 123. Who is the second? third"! fourth? 124. Do you find any thing remarkable among the Jews during the reign of Trajan ? 125. What were the causes of the decline of the Roman empire ? 126. What was the general state of learning in the fourth century ? 127. Who was the first Christian emperor? 128. Narrate his conversion, and the manner of his coming to the throne. 129. What alterations did he make in the empire ? 130. What was his general character? 131. How did his arrangements facilitate the down- fal of the empire ? 132. What finally overthrew the empire ? 133. In what year of the building of Rome, of the world, and of the Christian era, did this happen ? 134. When did the Eastern Empire begin, and how long did it continue ? 135. What influence had these things on Christi- anity ? 136. Give a description of the religion of the an- cient Romans. 137. And of some of their greatest historians, gene- rals, philosophers, and poets. 13n. What are the particular uses of a knowledge of ancient history to a minister of the Gospel? I 46 MODERN HISTORY. 2. Modem. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What kingdoms arose out of the ruins of the Koman empire ? What forms of government did they assume ^ Describe their positive and relative situations. Who were the ancient Gauls? What were the ancient Britons called ? What was their language? ancient manners customs, and religion? 7. Who made the first conquest of England after the Roman authority declined ? \ 8. What was the kingdom then called? 9. When, and by whom was Christianity intro- ducedinto England? 10. By whom were the enemies of the kingdom re- 1 1 wu . ^* ^^^ ^'^ character and history ? 11. Who made the next conquest in England? 12. Give a short history of this prince. 13. Do you find any remarkable revolution in men's minds about this time ? 14. Give a short history of these religious move- ments. 15. Do you find any thing remarkable in the reign of Henry II ? ^ 16. What was the general state of Christianity under the reign of his two successors, Richard and John ? 17. How came:the English hyXheixMagnaCharta9 What are its provisions ? 18. Describe some of the events of Edward I 19. What opposition did he meet with in Scotland ? i I MODERN HISTORY. 47 20. Under whose reign, and at what time, did Wick- liffe arise ? 21. What were his followers called, and what was their fate ? 22. How were the neighbouring kingdoms on the continent affected by the aflkirs of England ? 23. By what means did the French retrieve their declining affairs ? 24. What rem.arkable factions arose in England at the commencement of the 15th century ? 25. What was the general state of morals, religion, and civil liberty, during this century? 26. Give the general character of the clergy. 27. How were the two leading factious of England unifed in one interest ? 28. State some of the most remarkable events in the reign of Henry VHI, together with the general character of that prince. 29. What particular art facilitated the progress of learning and information about this time? 30. In what state was religion, and particularly the convents, about this time '! 31. What followed the death of Henry VH1 1 32. Give the political and religious state of the other kingdoms of Europe. 33. State some of the events of Mary's reign. 34. What principal personages suffered on account of religion ? 35. Describe some of the principal events of the reign of Elizabeth. 36. What was the state of learning and religion ? 37. At what time, and by whom, was America dis- covered? 1 1 !! 48 MODERN HISTORY. 38. 39. 40. 11. 42, 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. State some of the leading circumstances and consequences of that event. Who^succeeded Elizabeth on the throne of Eng- State Pome of the prominent features of his reign both as respects civil and religious affairs. What took place under the reign of his sue cessor ? <=. ,^ What sort of government followet hisi What was Its success, and how long did it last? Wha was the state of religion, literature, and civil liberty, about this time ? How, and by whom, was the king restored? When and by whom, was the revolution effect- ed m England ? Give a brief account of the successors of King Wilham, until the American Revolution. .Z'n "^u'l ^'"'"^'^ °^'^" settlements in South and North America? What principally contributed to the first settle- ments of North America? Give an analogous view of the time when, and firS:,'^"''^™'^^^^^^-'^--^^^ What was the form of their governments? What was their conduct towards the natives? What was the conduct of the Spaniards towards wlnfT '""ST^ ^'"^"^^ ^«d Mexico ? TvatSf ^^'^'^«"^--^« ^° ^-^^-"<^ What was the political state of the cou.Titry pre- viously to the Revolution ? ^ What was the general state of religion ? 57. MODERN HISTORY. 49 57. Did they suffer any wars 1 Give a brief history of them, and their effect on the provinces. 58. When did the American Revolution commence 1 59. What led to that event? 60. How long did the war lastl 61. What accession of dominions did the British nation have during the reign of George III ? 62. Narrate the rise, wars, and end of Buonaparte. 63. What were the remote, and what the immediate, causes of the French Revolution ? 64. What conspiracy took place in London on the accession of George IV ? 65. What powers were engaged in the battle of Navarino 1 66. What object was gained by the victory of the United Powers ? fi7. What was William IV, prior to his ascending the throne ? 68. How and when was the Reform Bill passed? 69. What are its leading provisions? 70. What caused the French Revolution of 1830 ? 71. When did the affairs of Canada first come pro- minently before the Imperial Parliament? 72. What course was determined on? 73. Give a summary of Canadian history since the conquest, with the names of the governors of Upper and Lower Canada. 74. What has opened China to the English nation ? 75. Of what use is this sort of study to a minister of Christ 1 50 II. Logic. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. "Q What is a proposition ? What the subject of a proposition ? What the predicate? What the copula ? Illustrate this by an example? How differs a negative from an affirmative pro- position? May a proposition be expressed by a single w )rd ? Give examples of these two last. What is a universal proposition? What a particular? Can a particular genus be the subject of a uni- versal proposition ? How do you distinguish between universal and particular propositions ? Into how many sorts may propositions be di- vided, and what are they called? What is the difference between absolute and conditional propositions? Of what T'se is this distinction? What are comp< und propositions ? Illustrate them by an example. What is a self-evident proposition ? What a demonstrable one ? On what does the latter rest? What is a definition ? Of what use are definitions ? 34. 35. I 36. ■ 37. ] 38. ^ LOGIC. 61 e pro- single % um- iland be di- e and 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. AQ State the difference between a speculative and a practical proposition. Between axioms and postulates. Distinguish between theorc > ^nd problems. What are corollaries? What scolia? Do you discover any uses in this method? What are self-evident propositions ? How do we discover remote relations ? What is this manner of coming at truth called ? Why is it so called ? How many propositions does each act of the judgment include ? What are these propositions called ? Give an illustration of this manner of reasoning. What do logicians call these propositions? How do you define the act of reasoning ? What is essential in respect to the major term, to make the reasoning conclusive ? What is tl iighest exercise of reasoning ? What in the foundation of all science? What is the object to be aimed at in reasoning? By what steps do we arrive at conclusions of this sort ? Do we always, in searching after truth, follow those steps ? Why not ? What renders it easy and certain ? Is this art of any use in common life as veil as in the sciences ? State some of its uses. What is required to make a good reasoner? .... .y m-.sujf aui la Oi sj-iiugiBmis are mere / »^'hat called, and how distinguished 1 ■ i. ummMm.iW i t . ■ 52 LOGIC. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 64. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. What constitutes the moods of syllogisms ? Give some samples of simple conditional syllo- gisms. Of disjunctive syllogisms. What is an imperfect or mutilated syllogism 7 What called? Give an example of reasoning called sorites. What is inductive reasoning '( What a dilemma ? What do you understand by demonstration "^ Give an example of a concatenation of syllo- gisms. Is there certainty in this mode of reasoning? State the distinction between a direct and indi- rect demonstration. Do you discover any practical use in this art? State the difference between the analytic and synthetic method of reasoning. What is the inventive method of reasoning. What qualifications are necessary for this me- thod of reasoning ? What advantages arise from this method? Can you prove the existence and perfection of God by any of the preceding methods of reason- ing? May divine revelation be authenticated by in- ductive reasoning? If so, make the experi- ment. Why may this art of reasoning be denominated a science ? Is it of any use in explaining and defending the Holy Scrintures ? Who first taught logic ? LOGIC. 63 70. Name the principal Logicians from his day to the present. 71. Has the science been improved? If so, in what respect ? 72. What is meant by the learning of the school- men? 73. Who was the founder of the scholastic system? 74. How long was it in vogue ? 75. Did it contribute to advance true knowledge ? 76. What has contributed most to dissipate the mists of ignorance from the human mind ? 77. Do you discover any samples of a regular me- thod of reasoning in the Holy Scriptures ? 78. Do you think it profitable to introduce it into sermons? 79. Which method ought chiefly to be adopted in preaching— the dogmatical, controversial, or metaphysical ? FOURTH YEAR. JTatural antr Maxal |)t)ilo0opl)a, ▲HD Ill)5toric "*«■— "■*!■ ill aa-» ivised QUESTIONS. I. Natural Philosophy. and ly of .f some id on ttbe 1. What do you understand by Philosophy? 2. Of what does Natural Philosophy treat ? 3. How is it distinguished from Moral Philoaophy ? 4. Who among the ancients were most famous in *his science ? 5. Describe the several sects, and the opinions of each. 6. By whom was it revived in modern times ? 7. On what principles does it rest for us truth ? 8. What is the most certain method of philosophi- zing? 9. What were the most prevailing opinions among the ancients concerning the origin of the world ? 10. Who contributed most effectually to correct their errors ? 11. What arguments could be adducd against the eternity of the world apart from the Scriptures? 12. Have the discoveries of modem philosophy tended to throw light on any portions of the Scriptures ? If so, what portions ? 58 NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Give a short analysis of the human body. Descnbe the mode of digestion in the human What are the capillary vessels? What is the difference between veins and arte- Describe the circulating system L' wtnT"' '""^ ^^""^^^^- ^'^^^ ^lood, What is meant by the nervous system ? Descnbe the : -spiratory system. What 18 meant by the absorbent system ? What are the properties of matter? Is It capable of thought or self-motion f What mference do you draw from these facts? How L r''''* "aturally in a simple state? How many elementary principles are there in nature? What called? ^re tnere m How are they ascertained ? fethe^T ^^""^ ^'' '""^''"''^ bodies held to- What^do you understand by the natuml state of What by preternatural ? What are the senses of the body ? Their use ? wu particulars do they agree ? Where are the planets situated? human d arte- blood, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 59 acts? itate ? re in i to- te of ise? alth e of )Ia- 37. What do you understand by space ? 38. By what law are the planets governed ? 39. Where is the centre of attraction and repulsion? 40. What do you understand by the atmosphere ? 41. What are its uses ? 42. Its elementary principles ? 43. What element is that which pervades all nature ? 44. What its effects and particular uses ? 45. How bro'ight into action ? 46. What are the causes of eclipses? 47. What and how many are the primitive colours ? 48. How is the diversity of colours formed ? 49. Wherein do the moderns excel the ancients in this science ? 50. What are the uses of this science to a minister of the gospel ? 51. What did Pliny write? 52. Of what does Botany treat? 53. Into how many classes and orders did Linnaeus divide Plants "i 54. Of what does Zoology treat f 55. Ornithology? 56. Mineralogy 1 57. Aerology 1 58. Meteorology? 59. Ichthyology? 60. Entomology 1 61. Chemistry? 62. Name the great Naturalists of the last century. 63. What grounds are there for believing that Solo- man was a naturalist ? ' 64. What branches of Natural Kistor}' of, or referred to, in the Bible ? . _,„»..„^, _j- spuksu 60 65. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. How do you explain the standing still of the sun and moon ? 66. What is Electricity ? 67. What is Magnetism ? 68. Explain the cause of Tides. 69. For what is Archimedes noted ? 70. For what is Newton noted ? 71. What plants approach nearest to the animal kmgdom? 72. Into how many classes and orders does Cuvier 70 .?rr^l'''''T^'' To which is man referred? 73. What branches of natural history are beet known, and which are Naturalists most unac- quamted with ? Who discovered Vaccination, and when^ the Deh^^^^'^ "gunient for the personality of 76. Give his proofs of the goodness of God. 77. State the uaes of the study of this science. 74. 75. fthe 61 II. Moral Philosophy. imal vier ■ed? best lac- f of 1. What do you understand by Mental or Moral Philosophy ? 2. On what subjects does it treat ? 3. What impediments lie in the way of this study ? 4. What do you understand by the mind of man ? 5. What by its operations ? 6. What by faculties and powers ? 7. What by Perception \ 8. Conception ? 9. Ima- gination? 10. Judgment? 11. Volition? 12. Action? 13. Consciousness? 14. Simple Apprehension? 15. Idea? 16. Impression? 17. Sensation? 18. Feeling? 19. Memory? 20. In argumentation, what principles are taken for granted? 21. What is the difference between the datum of a historian and a metaphysician? 22. What between the latter and a mathematician ? 23. What between these first principles and hypo- theses ? 24. What is the principal rule to be taken for grant- ed as the basis of all correct philosophy ? 25. Of what use are those principles to a minister of the gospel ? 26. What do you understand by analogy ? 27. Give some examples of analogical reasoning.* * Butler's Analogy of Religion is a noted work framed of ttiis Itind of reasoning. It is worthy tiie careful pcrusa! of every Theological Student 62 MORAL PHILOSOPHY. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. What are the most suitable means of coming io a knowledge of the operations of our own minds . Describe the operations and use of each. Whence arises man's responsibility^ AJI.ence and how does the mind receive its Ideas or mipressions ? What do you mean by the sen.es of the body ? What hypotheses have been advanced respect- ing the nerves and brain ? Do we perceive objects as they are ? How do we detect and rectify the deception of tne senses ? State some of the conflicting opinions of philos- ophers on these subjects. Which do you consider the true theory? Does the judgment correct the senses," or the senses each other, and the judgment ? leX^'^'^^^"^^^'^^^^^^"-^-^ against What do you understand by common sense? "LTry%^^^^^^^ Whatsis the best method of improving our What do you observe in respect to memory » ' How do we come to the knowledge of the mag- nitude and distance of objects? What do you understand by identity? Can we be certain of our own and of others'? By what means? ^ "luers . What is simple apprehension ' MOEAL PHILOSOPHY. 68 cIs? era Its ? t- of 50. Do sensible or external objects make a real impression on the brain 7 51. State tht difference between general and par- ticular words. 52. What do you understand by abstraction ^ 53. State the difference between general and ana- lytical conception of objects. 54. What tends most to increase our knowledge of language, and the right use of words f 55. What is the difference between judgment and simple apprehension? 56. What is the judgment employed about in its operations ''• 57. What have been the different opinions of phi- losophers on this subject ? 58. What do you understand by firs^ principles? 59. What is requisite to perceive them ? 60. Why is it that the science of Mathematics is more certain than that of natural and moral philosophy? 61. What is the difference between mathematical and moral truth? 62. State the difference between necessary and contingent first principles. 63. What have been the different sentiments of philosophers on these subjects? 64. What are the causes of these conflicting senti- ments ? 65. What is the best method of guarding against error ? 66. What is moral taste ? 67. What are its objects 1 68. What constitutes moral beauty? 64 MORAL PHILOSOPHY. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. What are your ideas of power 1 State the difference between active and passive power. Are understanding and will ( ssential to consti- tute active power ? What is the will 7 The understanding? What influence do motives have on the mind 1 State the difference between voluntary and pas- sive, and indifferent operations of the mind. What is the different- between instinct and habit 1 What are the appetites or passions of the hu- man soul 7 How are they moved to action 1 Define the following passions :— admiration, love and hatred, hope and fear, joy and sorrow, anger, envy, scorn, horror, desire.* What is it that distinguishes man from a brute 7 What are his rational powers? Are these necessary or contingent 7 What is the principal object of man's pursuit? What is the tendency of this ? Do you discover any defects in it ? What are they? How do men come to a knowledge of the dis- tinction between moral good and evil ? Are all men conscious of moral obligation? From whence does this arise ? Do you naturally approve of that which is good and condemn that which is evil? .M^..s„ .^Qc.uc u, iiic rasEions is a useful little work. MORAL PHILOSOPHY. 65 90. 91. 9ii. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. What do you understand by conscience 'J How may this faculty be improved? What is the difference between conscience and judgment? What is human liberty ? What is the difference between cause and effect ? What is necessary to produce an effect? How do y-.j 't- *ncile liberty with government? Is mora) i![ovenrinf nt compatible with necessity? Why nc t ? How do v:>i re'^^ncile the contingency of events wit . b", prescience of Deity? How with tne certainty of events ? Hew do you reconcile the permission of evil with the goodness of the Deity ? What are the first principles in morals ? Wherein does Reid differ from Locke ? From Hume ? What are Locke's arguments against innate principles ? What are his'di visions of the Sciences? What are his two sources of the ideas ? What does Reid say on this point ? What is Paley's answer to the question, Why am I obliged to keep ray word ? In what instances are promise! not binding ? What is the proper definition of right ? What is the division of rights ? In what is the right to property founded ? What is an oath ? , Is anr^er ever lawful ? 115. 116. What arp his three classes of duties? 117. What are the uaea of, this study to a Minister? E 66 III. Rhetoric. 1. Why are writing and discourse entitled to the highest attention ? 2. What marks the progress of society towards its most improved state ? 3. What is Rhetoric, and what does it add to a valuable composition ? 4. Which contributes most to form an orator, na- ture or art ? 5. Why are eloquence and correct composition important to all who address the public ? 6. How does the study of rhetoric improve our in- tellectual powers ? 7. By what means can we discern and relish the beauties of composition ? 8. Why are virtuous affections necessary to a sub- lime eloquence ? 9. To what standard do we appeal in judging the merits of composition ? 10. What is taste, and by what means may it be improved ? 11. Have reason and good sense any influence on the decisions of taste ? 12. What are delicacy and correctness of taste ? 13. What is true criticism, and what its object? 14. Upon what are the rules of criticism founded ? lo. What is genius, and how does it differ from taste ? 16. What is said of a universal genius ? 17. Whafis meant by the pleasures of tasle ? 18. Describe the emotion of grandeur or sublimity. f RHETORIC. 67 t 19. What external objects excite this emotion ? 20. What is the moral or sentimental sublime? Give some examples. 21. What do you understand by the sublime in writing? 22. What five sources of this sublimity did Longi- nus point out ? 23. How far was he correct in this, and wherein was he erroneous? 24. What writings afford the highest instances of the sublime ? 25. Give some examples from +hem, and from an- cient and modem poets. 26. How does an emotion of beauty differ from that of sublimity ? 27. What objects are denominated beautiful ? 28. Does motion add to the beauty of an object 1 29. What constitutes^he beauty of the human coun- tenance ? 30. What is moral beauty ? 31. What effect is produced on the mind by novelty, melody, harmony, wit, humour, and ridicule ? 32. What is style, and how does it differ from mere language ? 33. What are the essential qualities of a good style 1 34. What are purity, propriety, and precision, as applied to words and phrases'? 35. To which of the essential qualities of style do they belong 1 36. What is a sentence, and what are the properties most essential to a perfect sentence ? 37. What are the clearness and precision, the unity, the strength, and the harmony of a sentence ? 68 RHETORIC. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. Do. Give the rules to be observed in forming c sen- tence perfect in perspicuity. What constitutes the ornament of language? What are figures of speech ? How have rheto- ricians commonly divided them ? State the origin of figurative language. In what respects do figures contribute to the beauty and grace of style ? On what relations do metonymy, metalipses, synecdoche, and metaphor, depend ? What is a metaphor, and by what rules should it be governed ? What is an allegory ? Give an example from Scripture. What is a fable or parable ? What is an enigma ? What is a hyperbole ? How does it differ from bombast ? Give an example of each. What is prosopopoeia or personification ? Give an example. What is an apostrophe, and how does it differ from personification f What is comparison or simile ? By what rules should it be governed ? Give an example. What is antithesis? Give an example from Cicero. What is the literal, and what the figurative use of interrogation ? What is the use of exclamations ? What is that figure of speech called vision ? Give an exampb. What is am.plification ? What is climax ? What directions arc given for attaining a good style ? RHETORIC. 6d sen- I ' 57. What do you understand by a diffuse, a concise, a feeble, a nervous, a dry, a plain, a neat, an elegant, a flowery, a simple, an affected, and a vehement style '( 58. What advantages will result from a critical analysis of the style of good authors ? 59. Have you carefully read such an analysis of Addison and S . ift by Dr. Blair? 60. Give a concise definition of true eloquence. 61. What are the essential requisites to the a.-t of persuasion ? 62. Do conviction and persuasion always go toge- ther? 63. Ip*ohow many degrees is eloquence divided? 64. What do you observe of the eloquence of Greece and Rome ? 65. What of the comparative merits of Demostben es and Cicero ? 66. What of the eloquence of the Fathers ? What of modern eloquence ? 67. What of the comparative merits of ancient and modem eloquence ? 68. Into how many kinds did the ancients divide their orations ? What is the scope of each ? G9. What ia the modern division ? and wherein does it differ from the aucient ? 70. Do the same rules concerning the conduct of a discourse belong to each kind ? 71. What is peculiar to each of these kinds of ora- tory in their spirit or character ? 72. What are the most august theatres for the elo- quence of popular assemblies? 73. What do you observe of th r eloquence of the bar ? 70 RHETORIC. 74. Give some account of Cicero's oration in the defence of Avitus Clecentius. 75. What are the advantages and disadvantages of pulpit oratory ? 76. Why are there few preachers that are very emi- , nent? 77. Is there any valid objection against preachers being truly eloquent ? 78. What is an essential requisite to preach well ? 79. Why must a preacher be a good man to be suc- cessful ? 80. What a^e the two important characteristics of pulpit elo ..*c;Mce ? 81. What do you observe relative to the choice of subjects ? 32. What general rules are to be observed in the composition of a sermon ? 83. What do you observe of the practice of reading, and of preaching, sermons ? 84. Have you read a critical examination of Bishop Atterbury's Sermon ? 85. How many parts belong to a regular oration ? And what are they ? 86. By what rules should the introduction be gov- erned?* 87. What do you observe of the division of an ora- tion or a sermon ? 88. What are the rules of a correct division ? * Williams's ' Christian Pieacher' will be found a useful book, notwithstanding its particular bias. It contains seven discourses on Preaching by six good authors. One of liie discoursea is Claude's Essay on a Sermon. RHETORIC. 71 29. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. What is the narration or explication of a dis- course ? What do you say of the argumentative part ? What of the pathetic ? What of the conclusion or peroration ? What do you observe with regard to the delivery of a discourse ? What of the pitch and management of the voice ? What of distinctness, slowness, and propriety of pronunciation? What of emphasis, pause, cadence, and tone ? What are the means of improving in eloquence ? What men of genius and learning flourished in the four different periods which have been marked out as the happy ages ? What style is suited to historical narration ? What to philosophical writing? What to dia- logue ? What to epistolary writing ? What to fictitious history ? What is the difference between prose and poetry ? What is versification ? What is rhyme ? What is pastoral poetry ? What is lyric poetry r What didactic ? What descriptive poetry ? What do you observe of the poetry of the Hebrews ? What is epic poetry ? What do you observe of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey? What of Virgil's iEneid? What of Lucan's Pharsalia ? Tasso's Jerusa- lem? Camo ask pro- e subjects Jified in the mmcnded to tera botti of urse of the swers may ed to some t ••>».■ — ._ - -'Vina on