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p. 
 
 Or 
 
 Tl 
 
 il 
 
T 
 
 Ad 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 Prefent State of Nova-Scotia : 
 
 I N 
 
 Two LETTERS to a Noble Lord : 
 
 One from a Gentleman in the Navy lately- 
 arrived from thence. 
 
 The other from a Gentleman who long 
 refided there. 
 
 
 Made publick by his Lordjbip's Dejire. 
 
 <* • *' 
 
 LONDON Printed, 1756. 
 
ni\ 
 
 
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 •'>, 
 
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 -rt*^. . -V. 
 
 .,;A. 
 
J^.. 3. 
 
 I ^ 1 
 
 ^- 
 
 i^ > •• ♦ 
 
 r 
 
 Mj/ Lord, 
 
 1 #< 
 
 
 
 "VrOU feem'd to be greatly pleafed with the 
 X account I gave you after my firft voyage 
 ^o Halifax, of the furprizing progrefs of 
 that fettlement ; how inftantancoully the 
 woods were converted into a city, the ala- 
 crity and joy that appeared in the counte- 
 nance of ever fettlcr, encouraged by the affa- 
 bility, the courteoufnefs and wife conduft of 
 the thenGovernour, what prodigious numbers 
 of people jflockM there from the northern co- 
 lonies, fcarce a day paffnig without the arrival 
 of a multitude of fettlers, drawn there by his 
 
 Spreading fame. 
 
 Your Lordfllip was then pleased to remark, 
 we fhould foon fee an ample amends made 
 for the national expence, that itwas extending 
 a frontier into the very bowels of the French 
 colonies, and that a few Years would put it 
 out of their power to injure our colony 
 
 trade, 
 
 - . A 2 * Your 
 
 I 
 
[ 4 1 
 
 I \ 
 
 Your remarks my Lord were juft, and^ I 
 could wifh the fuccefs had been equal to its 
 promifing beginning ; but your Lordfliip 
 would be furpriz'd could you now fee its de- 
 folate fjtuation, moil of the Inhabitants are 
 fled, for what rcafon my Lord you ihall 
 know hereafter ; one difcovers in the coun- 
 tenances of thofe who remain, a fetled def- 
 pair, the common converfation are groans and 
 fjghs ; for how incredible foever it may ap- 
 pear to your Lordfliip, it is againft the Law 
 there to fpeak, it aftonifli'd me beyond niea- 
 fure, I began to enquire of thofe people who 
 were molt likely to inform me, firxe I had 
 your Lordfliip's command to acquaint my 
 felf as thoroughly as I could of the flate of the 
 country. I have often addrefs'd my felf to 
 the inhabitants ; If you have any grievances, 
 why don't you apply to the Governour for 
 redrefs, lince every body agrees he is a good 
 man, and difpos'd to do every thing in his 
 power to ferve the publick ? all the anfwer I 
 could get was, that truly the Governour was 
 a good man, but I found the inhabi- 
 tants were all tongue-ty'd in the fame man- 
 ner. ■ . . 
 
 It appeared very odd to me my Lord, who 
 am an englifli man, and it was fometime be- 
 fore I could find a clue to this odd humour, 
 at laft I met with one of their province laws 
 againft fcandal, which is really a very curious 
 
 one, 
 
 or 
 w 
 or 
 
4 
 
 [• 5- ] 
 
 and I one, 5nd which I herewith inclofeyou ; this 
 
 to its will unfold to your Lordfhip the reafon every 
 
 rdfliip one there is oblig'd to have a But to his 
 
 its de- clifcourfe. "' •• . •.•• 
 
 ts are Being a Stranger to the prefent inhabitants, 
 
 ihall for almoft all the old ones are chang'd, of five 
 
 conn- thoufand, there are fcarce five hundred jiow 
 
 def- in the place, and two thirds of them are new 
 
 risand inhabitants,chiefly roman catholicks,! had no 
 
 ny ap- way left to collec^l particulars but by my own 
 
 : Law obfervations ; for this reafon I infinuated my 
 
 mea- felfinto all companies, and from great dili- 
 
 ' who gencc and careful remarks, I fend you my 
 
 I had Lord, this defcription, if it is a little droll tis 
 
 It my becaufe the fubjeds of it are fo themfelves. 
 
 3f the T'he parliamentary grant my Lord, may be 
 
 -If to , compared to a man who tofles a few guineas 
 
 uices, ^ among a croud, there is great fcrabbling^ 
 
 jr for ^ut ^^^ \\\dk happens to thofe few wiio catch 
 
 good ^^'^ guineas ; with this diftinftion that, that 
 
 in his happens only by chance, this is diflributed by 
 
 iver I (liredion ; thus you will fee my Lord ia 
 
 r was Halifax three or four rich men, the reft are^ 
 
 habi- ^1^ beggarS) who would if they dare call them- 1 
 
 man- felves freemen. 
 
 You would imagine !ny Lord, by the lofty ! 
 
 who behaviour of thefe three or four, tiiat the 
 
 J be- ' ancient ftate of vaflalage was in feftiion there, 
 
 lour *^*^^ ^s their condud is very Angular, I beg / 
 
 laws your Lordfhip's patience while I attempt to ? 
 
 ions give you fome defcription of tbem. ,,,.> ; 
 
 one, : ' The 
 
ii 
 
 [ 6 ] 
 
 The firftmyLordjisthcKnight of th<?g;oofe 
 quil, he is a very extraordinary perfon in his 
 kind and has fomething fingular in his birth, 
 fhape, and behaviour, he is my Lord the fon 
 and the only (on of a celebrated gentleman for- 
 merly well known in the navy by the name 
 of captain Millmjbujf, and to the reft of the 
 world by his great affcftation and pride, and 
 who (to prevent his cruelty and tyranny) had 
 the honour of a command in the yellow 
 fquadron ; to this fon, dying, he bequeathed 
 what he himfelf cfteem'd moft valuable in his 
 life, his pride, his obftinacy, and his cruelty, 
 with his cheft of lac*d cloaths & horfewhips. 
 The young knight far from following the 
 common cuftom of young heirs, who when 
 they become poflefs'd of the affluence of their 
 anceftors, imagine there is no bottom to their 
 patrimony, though he has made daily ufe of 
 the three firft legacies, he has been fo far from 
 diminilhing the ftock, that he has improved it 
 to a greater degree, and as to the horfewhips 
 which were a great number and very curious, 
 he has lock'd them up fafe in the cheft, ex- 
 pelling in a fhort time to make a proper ufe 
 of them in correcting the infolence of the in- 
 habitants when they approach his awful 
 countenance without that fervile deportment 
 which he thinks fo naturally due to his terri- 
 bility, or when they are brought into proper 
 tam'd fervility confiftent with the doftrine o 
 
 paffive 
 
 1 
 
r M 
 
 joofe 
 11 his 
 )irth, 
 e fon 
 ifor- 
 name 
 f the 
 and 
 ) had 
 ellow 
 lath'd 
 in his 
 Lielty, 
 iiips. 
 ; the 
 when 
 ^ their 
 their 
 jfe of 
 from 
 v'dit 
 vhips 
 •ious, 
 y ex- 
 r ufe 
 lein- 
 wful 
 nent 
 erri" , 
 oper 
 ne o 
 (five 
 
 I 7 ] 
 
 paflivc obedience and nonrcfiftancc, a fa- 
 vourite opinion of this fwaggering knight. 
 
 TJie gallant admiral during his fon's mi- 
 nority for his advancement put him ap- 
 prentice to be a foldier, in the rules of which 
 he pretends to have made great proficiency, 
 but I have never heard but of one exploit 
 worthyof remark, during my ftay there he 
 attacked a flrong fort fituated at one end of 
 Halifaxy commanded by a marfhai, where to 
 his immortal glory he vanquifh*d three men 
 in chains and led themviftorioully, triumph- 
 ing in his conqucfl: through the town to the 
 fleet, fupported only by a file of mufqueteers, 
 with the breath of his mouth he has the cou- 
 rage to attack whole nations at a diftance or 
 behind their backs. 
 
 I was much perplex'd to find out the mean- 
 ing of three great letters K.P.S. which he puts 
 after his name, but upon enquiry found that 
 he was keeper of the publick fecrets. 
 
 His fhape my Lord is extreamly well con- 
 flru6led for fuch a repoi-tory, his head is fmall 
 and belly very large, much in the fhape of an 
 old china jugg, capacious enough to hold all 
 the fecrets in the world, but there has been 
 lately difcovered a hole in his fide through 
 which many have tranfpir'd ; by his drefs you 
 would take him for the brother of the ape 
 pidur'd ill Gay^ fables, and by his chattering 
 
 * . * .■ s. 
 
 one 
 
 •♦.. .♦ 
 
I! 
 
 I 
 
 [ 8 ] 
 
 one that had lately made an elopement from 
 his antick brethren at Java. 
 ' This truly accomphfh'd ape my Lord has 
 
 the honour to be a C -r, nay fomc fay the 
 
 G r's C r, but this is not generally cre- 
 dited, the laft being a Gentleman of too tho- 
 rough an underftanding not to fee through 
 thcgrimace of a monkey. 
 
 To give your Lprdfhip a proper idea of 
 the others, I am obliged to mix men & things 
 together ; I ftrord one morning along the 
 beach of the town to view fome batteries late- 
 ly ercdled there, I had heard it obferv'd that 
 a great deal of money had been fpent to little 
 
 ' purpofc, and this being the obfervation of men 
 of fenfe la our fleet, gave great chagrin to the 
 enquirers, one of Whom was brought up a 
 
 /""brother tar, the other a furgeon ; the private 
 confultations of thefe two gentlemen to reme- 
 dy the defect: would afford your Lordfliip a 
 fmilc : you are fenfible my Lord, that educa- 
 tion has a ftrong influence on mens judgments, 
 the brother engineers were much divided in 
 opinion in what manner to apply a remedy, 
 brother tar was for fixing a ringbolt in the 
 center of each battery, and with a luflT tackle 
 to raife them to a poife with two cables fix'd 
 at each end to veer and haul, while the doftor 
 more wilely thought tlie beft way was to 
 difeft them and bend them to a proper direfti- 
 qUm and then fptinter them in the middle and 
 
 apply 
 
 \ 
 
 m 
 
from 
 
 rd has 
 ly the 
 ly crc- 
 tho- 
 rough 
 
 ka of 
 things 
 ig the 
 IS late- 
 that 
 3 Httlc 
 f men 
 to the 
 t up a 
 )rivate 
 reme- 
 Ihip a 
 iduca- 
 nents, 
 ded in 
 medy, 
 in the 
 tackle 
 sfixM 
 Jodor 
 as to 
 irefti- 
 le and 
 apply 
 
 apply proper bandages ; the confultation held 
 for a long time, each pcrfifling in his own 
 opinion, till thcydifcovercd the tide had begun 
 to undermine the batteries, when they both 
 agreed to fix a large iron pin through the cen- 
 ter, and turn them like vanes on a fpindlc as 
 occafion requir'd. 
 
 I was another time at the citadel and ob- 
 fcrving to my companion, that it was over- 
 looks by the hill that is above it, was doubt- 
 ing what could induce the experienced engi- 
 neer to place it in that iituation ; my com- 
 panion reply'd I was no adept in matters of 
 fortification, the engineer has obferved to me, 
 fays he, when I was in the fame dodbt that from 
 long experience he had found that the fureft aim 
 of kilhng birds was w^hen they were perch'd 
 upon a tree, that a horizontal direction was 
 not ftreight from the retundity of the earth 
 and the refraction of the rays, that to look 
 from an elevation into a plain below was fUU 
 worfe, becaufe the air was grofler, for look 
 down fays he upon a ftreight ftick put into 
 water, and it will appear crooked ; this was 
 reckoning like a philolbpher : As I am not 
 acquainted with the rules of philofophy and 
 fortification, I fubmit thcfe reafons to your 
 liOrdOiip's judgment. 
 
 Indeed the chief engineer is a wonderful 
 man, for I have been informed upon credible 
 authority that he direfted all the lines and the 
 
 B firing 
 
 .i 
 
 i 
 
I 10 ] 
 
 ^ring of every bomb at the taking oiBeaufijour^ 
 though he was in the camp the whole time 
 at four miles diftance. 
 
 And now my Lord I have mentioned i?^a«- 
 fejour^ I mull not omit a very extraordinary 
 circumftance, and it is affirmed by fome of 
 our brother failors who were there, that the 
 honourable Colonel who commanded with 
 four hundred regulars took the fort with the 
 affiftance of the engineer at four miles diftance 
 without ftirring out of the camp,and without 
 fighting ; they further fay that a thoufand ir- 
 regulars that fought four days within four 
 hundred yards, with all the train of artillery 
 men, did not contribute the leaft afliftance to- 
 wards it. 
 
 I fliall now leave the engineers to fpindle 
 their batteries, and acquaint your Lordfhip 
 with further particulars of Halifax. 
 
 I have mentioned to your Lordfhip thefur- 
 geon engineer, he is alfo grand Vizier of the 
 publick works, every inhabitant who expeds 
 to be employ'd as a labourer muft attend his 
 levee ; the great homage paid him,the awful 
 majefty of his ftep,would induce your Lord- 
 fhip to think him a Bafliaw with three tails 
 at leafl,educatcd in the heart of Ireland, he has 
 all thofe genuine Accomplifhments fo natural 
 to the country, and fo fond an affedion for his 
 country-men that few others are admitted 
 into the publick works, they muft have the 
 
 brogue, 
 
 i 
 

 [ tt ] 
 
 fejour, 
 e time 
 
 Jinary 
 >me of 
 at the 
 I with 
 ith the 
 i (lance 
 ith out 
 and ir- 
 n four 
 nillery 
 ice to- 
 
 fpindle 
 Drdfhip 
 
 thefur- 
 of the 
 ^xpefts 
 end his 
 J awful 
 r Lord- 
 ee tails 
 , he has 
 natural 
 a for his 
 dmitted 
 ave the 
 Drogue, 
 
 
 brogue, the wooden crofs pendant next their 
 dear hearts, and then they are fure to be paid 
 by his Clerk in rum, fugar and brandy, or in 
 God blefs your honour, what you pleafe, to 
 the emolument of his oflice. 
 
 As to the language of the country myLord 
 I've little to fay, the common dialed: fpoke at 
 Halifax is wild Irifh. 
 
 The cnglifh of all denominations except 
 thofe above excepted, and one or two more, 
 are ftarving, houibs are fold at about twc *:/ 
 pounds by the Dozen, for this general decay 
 of that fettlement various reafons are given, 
 fome fay its owing to the military form of go- 
 vernment they are under, but to fay this in 
 Nova-Scotia is treafon. 
 
 For a fuller defcription my Lord, I refer 
 you to y[rJF,M. who has a long timerefided 
 in the Country, and has promifed me by let- 
 ter ^ully to inform your Lordfhip of all cir- 
 cum{tanccs,&from my converfation with him, 
 fince my arrival in London^ I am not furpriz'd 
 at the groans and defpair of the englifh inha- 
 bitants of Nova-Scotia, nor will your Lordfhip 
 when you fee his account of their circum- 
 
 ilances. 
 
 I am, 
 
 My L o R D, 
 Your Lord'^iips mofi: obedient 
 and humble Servant, 
 
 J. B, 
 
] 
 
 c\ 
 th 
 hi 
 
 y< 
 
 rh 
 
 ol 
 (h 
 of 
 ar 
 w 
 im 
 
 as 
 re 
 ta 
 in 
 
 fa: 
 
 m 
 Itn 
 
My Lord, 
 
 IEfteem my felf highly honoured in re- 
 ceiving your Lordfhip's commands by 
 Mr. J. B. and would with the utmoft 
 chearfulnefs obey them fo far as it is within 
 the compafs of my own Knowledge, fince he 
 has informed me that your curiofity leads 
 you much into the ftudy and knowledge of 
 the Plantations, and that as their affairs at 
 prefent were become the particular attention 
 of the nation, I could not oblige your Lord- 
 fhip more than by giving a fuccinft account 
 of the ftate of the province of Nova-Scotia^ 
 and if I could, to point out fome method that 
 would be conducive to revive the fettle- 
 ment. 
 
 I muft confefs my Lord that I am unequal 
 as well as unfit forfuch a tafk ; tho' my long 
 refidence in that country and the poll I fuf- 
 tained there, gave me an opportunity of know- 
 ing every material circumftance, yet the un- 
 generous treatment I met with after long and 
 I faithful fervices, I am afraid might influence 
 me to be rather too bitter in fpeaking the 
 truth which needs ao exaggeration. 
 
'Ml 
 
 r I 
 
 [ * ] 
 
 1 have therefore in order to fatisfy your 
 Lordfliip applied my felf to feveral gentlemen 
 here in hondorty who correfpond with fome of 
 the inhabitants of Nova-Scotia, and have pre- 
 vailed on them (the more carefully to fatisfy 
 your Lordfliip) to give me extracts of feveral 
 letters lately received from thence, as in my 
 opinion literary defcriptions from perfons on 
 the fpot will afford your Lordfliip a better 
 idea of the prefent ftate of the country and 
 the difficulties they labour under, for people 
 under oppreflion will fpeak their fcntiments 
 the moll naturally. As I have procured many 
 fuch extra<i1:s which I apprehend will fully 
 fatisfy your Lordfliip of the prelent Hate, I 
 fhall only add a few things in general. 
 
 The intent of his Majefty being as I have 
 always underfl:ood, to fettle that colony with 
 eiiglifli inhabitants under engUfli liberty, was 
 the greateil motive that induced me and a 
 thoufand others to go there, andamongmany 
 reafons which have forced them to quit it,thc 
 following articles are not the leaft. 
 Firtt, a military Government. 
 
 I do not mean my Lord, that the inhabi- 
 tants are governed by marflial laws, but that 
 the Governour and gentlemen who com- 
 pofe the council are military men. And that 
 they have no legiflativc pov^rer (as having no 
 Aflembly or Reprefcntatives of the people) 
 but ufurp that authority and publifh laws by 
 
 edia, 
 
your 
 tlemcn 
 bme of 
 ve pre- 
 
 fatisfy 
 feveral 
 
 in my 
 ons on 
 
 better 
 •y and 
 people 
 iments 
 
 I many 
 
 II fully 
 late, I 
 
 I have 
 y with 
 y, was 
 and a 
 ^many 
 citjthc 
 
 nhabi- 
 it that 
 com- 
 d that 
 ng no 
 eople) 
 ws by 
 edia, 
 
 [ 3 
 
 cdi(fl,raifc money bj?' excife,appointthemfelveg 
 .^ judges of their own laws, have punifhed by 
 ^ whipping, fine, imprifonment, without indid- 
 ment and without jury,powers and courts un- 
 known to the englilh conftitution — from the 
 mention of this only my Lord, it is eafy to 
 guefs, if there was nothing more, that englifli 
 men will never contentedly fet down under 
 fuch an adminiftration. 
 I The next is the difpofing the grants chiefly 
 to military ufes, and not to the improvement 
 of the colony. 
 
 I apprehend my Lord the people o{ England 
 are deceived in this point : fifty thoufand 
 pounds is granted annually fuppofed to be ex- 
 pended in the fettlement of this colony,wherc- 
 as not a tenth part is expended on that account, 
 the reft being apphed in miUtary expendatures, 
 J^oilibly the circumftances of the colony might 
 at this time require it ; but had one quarter 
 of that money been diftributed in bounties on 
 clearing land and on the fifhery, there would 
 have been fuch an increafe of trade and navi- 
 gation and hufbandry, that there would by 
 this time have been ten fettlers ro one of the 
 prefent, which would have excufed fuch a 
 confumption of engUfh manufa<Sures as would 
 liave amply repaid them all the expence ; 
 before this time it would have become a fecure 
 frontier againft the incroachments of the 
 'French, and in a Ihort time been able to fub- 
 
 fift 
 
 
■ 
 
 I ^ll 
 
 .1 ['■ ■ 
 
 ■ i. u\ 
 
 [ 4 1 
 
 fjft without further grants, whereas the colony 
 is now as far from being fettled as at the firft 
 embarkation, tho' fome hundreds of thoufands 
 have been expended. 
 
 Another grievance is employing military 
 men in civil pods. 
 
 This is filling the pockets of a few men al- 
 ready fupported by his Majelty who have no 
 intereft in the colony and little inclination to 
 promote its progrefs, it being a matter of in- 
 difierency to them whether it fucceeds or not, 
 and therefore it accordingly happens that 
 from their haughty fupercilious behaviour 
 every branch of bufinefs under tlieir care la- 
 bours under great delay and difficulties, and 
 befides the neceflary employments, many o- 
 thers at no inconfiderable expence to the go- 
 vernment are given them as fine cure's, fuch as 
 a great number ofoverfeers, military officers, 
 and who have not an opportunity (being on 
 out commands) of attending their duty from 
 one years end to the another. 
 
 The laft I fhall mention to your Lordfliip 
 and what has been fatal to the colony is, 
 fupporting and maintaining for thefe fix years 
 together a number of foreigners not in the leafl 
 attached to the englifh government, a people 
 always complaining n6twithftanding,and who 
 are not like to make the leaft effort towards 
 a fubfiftence whilfl they can be maintained 
 without it. 
 
 Employ- 
 
 
 f 
 
:olony 
 lefirft 
 afands 
 
 ilitary 
 
 icn al- 
 ive no 
 ion to 
 of in- 
 or not, 
 that 
 aviour 
 :are la- 
 s, and 
 ny o- 
 he go- 
 uch as 
 ►fficers, 
 :ing on 
 y from 
 
 )rdfhip 
 aiy is, 
 jc years 
 le leaft 
 people 
 id who 
 )wards 
 itained 
 
 nploy- 
 
 [ 5 ] 
 
 Employing irifh roman catholicks in pub- 
 lick works while his Majefty's proteftant cng- 
 lifh fubjedls are ftarving and begging their 
 bread, and the Americans for the moft part 
 having quitted the colony and gone to their 
 refpe^live countries, the only proper people 
 for cultivating forefts lands. Thefe my Lord 
 are the effeds of a military adminiilration. 
 men prefiding over affairs with which they 
 are unacquainted if their difpofitions were 
 ever fo good. 
 
 Thus my Lord the very pointing out their 
 grievances fhews at once the remedy ; the 
 removing all military officers from civil em- 
 ployments, and employing the inhabitants 
 only whofe intereft and all is at ftake,and who 
 by every ftep they take to promote thefettle- 
 ment are at the fame time promoting their 
 own intereft. 
 
 The fully eftablifliing a civil government in 
 all its branches, and the giving them rights 
 and privileges equal to the other colonies, 
 and if with convenience it could be done, 
 more and greater priviledges, for being an ex- 
 pofed frontier, the dangers of invafions are 
 difficulties enough for that people to cope 
 with were there nothing elfe ; but there are 
 innumerable other difficulties they muft go 
 thro* with exceffive hard labour, and this is 
 chearfuUy undertaken where men can have 
 freedom and liberty, which great privileges 
 
 • C to 
 
 y^-y 
 
[ 6 ] 
 
 
 I fi 
 
 J' 
 
 to preferve, this kingdom has often been em- 
 brued in blood, it therefore enjoys fuch liber- 
 ties as no other nation on earth can boaft of, 
 and without which no englifh man will con- 
 tentedly live. 
 
 The Extrafts referred to are as follows, viz. 
 
 " The inhabitants of this province having 
 no Reprefentai /es, groan under the want of 
 proper guardians to proteft and defend their 
 liberties and properties ; this has been a grand 
 obftacle againft our having people fromiVifw- 
 Evgland and other parts of the continent to 
 come and fettle among us, as they enjoy this 
 priviledgeas well as all the liberties of englifh 
 men, in their full extent. We have even from 
 the commencement of this fettlement been la- 
 bouring under the difadvanrages neceffarily 
 arifing from the want of this glorious branch 
 of the englifh conflitution, and it has not only 
 been the reafon why many who came into 
 this colony, would not fettle among us, but 
 has been the real caufe why fo many have 
 left the colony : Altho' we have four or five 
 towns fettled in this province, yet not one of 
 them, even Halifax the metropolis, have ever 
 had power to ehufe town officers, or to make 
 by-laws for their regulation, as is cuftomary 
 in the towns in all his Majefty's colonies in 
 America. I can't forbear mentioning one 
 thing wliicham very certain is peculiar to this 
 
 colony. 
 
C 7 ] 
 
 em- 
 
 lliber- 
 
 iftof, 
 
 con- 
 
 ving 
 ntof 
 their 
 grand 
 Neiu- 
 '.m to 
 y this 
 iiglifh 
 from 
 
 sen la- 
 flarily 
 ranch 
 •t only 
 e into 
 !, but 
 have 
 )r five 
 me of 
 I ever 
 make 
 mary 
 ies ill 
 one 
 othis 
 lony. 
 
 colony, which is that we are tax'd by a duty 
 on fpirituous liquors without the confent of 
 the people, nor have we any voice in the dif- 
 pofal of the money arifing therefrom." 
 
 " All forts of people here in civil life arc 
 very uneafy under the prefent adminiftration, 
 and would loudly complain (if they dare) of 
 the want of thofe priviledges and civil rights 
 wh^ch the people of the other colonies enjoy, 
 and which by the King's proclamation they 
 were given to expe6l. 
 
 That they have military men for their ru- 
 lers, and in confequence of this, of many op- 
 prellive a6ls of government, of the arbitrary 
 meafures, and very partial behaviour of men 
 in power here. 
 
 It would be eafy to give many inftances, 
 that would fully juftify their complahits, but 
 the few which follow may fuffice. 
 
 That all lucrative employments in the go- 
 vernment are given to military men, while 
 many induftrious people in the civil way, who* 
 have folicited for the trufts, and however bet- 
 ter qualified to difcharge them, and who have 
 families to maintain, arc neglected. 
 
 That the inhabitants at any time of expeft- 
 ed danger, are thruft out of the town, there 
 to mount guard, while the troops, who arc 
 hired to defend and proteft them are fuffcr'd 
 to. remain within the gates. 
 
 C 2 That 
 

 
 [ 8 ] 
 
 That the troops, having no fewel allowed 
 them by the government, are let loofe to 
 plunder upon the inhabitants, who they rob 
 (with impunity) not only of the fire wood 
 which they procure (at a heavy expence) for 
 the ufe of their families, but of the fences 
 round their lots of ground without the town, 
 which are all carried away by thefe people : 
 nay even the very houfcs which one would 
 imagine might be fafe from their mercilefs de- 
 predations, are feveral of them pulled down 
 and burnt, by thefe protcdlors of our property. 
 And altho* frequent complaints have been 
 made to the G -r of thefe intolerable in- 
 juries, the unhappy fufferers meet with no re- 
 drcfs," 
 
 " I cannot help mentioning one moft glaring 
 inftance of abufe of the truft repofed in thefe 
 military men, and that is,in the office of over- 
 jeer of theKing's works, which is executed by 
 one principal & feveral petty officers; theper- 
 fon who now has it, was formerly a furgcon,8c 
 is now an enfign in the army, and tho' alto- 
 gether unquahfied for fuch an employment 
 (as being entirely ignorant of figures, or the 
 method of tranfading bufinefs) yet has a 
 handfome falary, and many perquifites and 
 advantages which are here alio w'd of: but 
 not content with thefe,he has contrived a way 
 to make itill greater gains, tho' in a very un- 
 warrantable 
 
 i 
 
[ 9 ] 
 
 warrantable manner, for he has caufed one of 
 his underlings to open a (hop for the fupply 
 of the people employ'd to work for [the go- 
 vernment, where in lieu of money they are 
 paid in rum,brandy and other things at a mod: 
 immoderate price ; indeed the difadvantagc 
 of receiving their pay in this manner is in 
 fome mcafure made up to thefe people, by al- 
 lowing them a fourth or a fifth part more for 
 their work, than would be ncceffary if they 
 receivedjtheir pay in money, in due time ; and 
 as this difference comes from the King, who 
 is very rich, perhaps the evil may not be tho't 
 fo great, as to give reafon for complaint — Be 
 that as it will the difadvantagc, the trading 
 people here fuffer by this means, is a very great 
 grievance, many of them having laid out great 
 fums in buildings, and merchandize to fupply 
 fuch people with all the necelfaries of life 
 on the eafieft terms, and have now no 
 chance of felling any thing to them, while this 
 man can withold their money,and oblige them 
 to take their pay in his (hop at his own price. 
 Here it will be natural for you to aj(k why 
 complaint is not made to the Governour of 
 this unparalleFd abufe ; fo I'll tell you, tis be- 
 caufe the Governour is a military man, and 
 favours no other but military men, and this 
 leads.me to the fource of all the grievances, 
 all the evils of this poor colony ; a military 
 goYcrnmenti 
 
 If 
 
; 
 
 ift 
 
 
 [ 10 ] 
 
 If you a(k what is tlu^ rcafon, that of the 
 thoufaiuls of people which fiock'd here at the 
 beginning of this fettlemcnt from the other 
 colonies, there are hardly hundreds left : I 
 anfwer, A military government -, that of the 
 poor few which rcmain,thercisnotone,cxccpt 
 tiiofe who fhare the King's bounty, but who 
 are difcontentcd and dcjcrtcd ; Anfwer, a mi- 
 litary government ; That thcGovernours who 
 have been fcnt here by the Kinj^, and plenti- 
 fully furnifli'd wath money yearly, that they 
 might cherifh and fupport this infant colony, 
 which he w^as fo fond of, inltcad of raifing 
 her to fuch a degree of (Irength as to be able 
 in fome meafure to maintain and defend her 
 fclf,with the afliftance of her neighbour colo- 
 ny, which it is the opinion of every man of 
 Ccwfc might infallibly have been done for a 
 fifth part of the fums which have already bcexi 
 wafted here, if judicioufly apply'd, that is, if 
 men of experience had had the management 
 of them, they on the contrary have reduced 
 her to a nicer fkelcton with hardly any re- 
 mains of life ? I anfwxr, tis becaufe they arc 
 military men,and guided by military councils, 
 whofe trade and whofc inclinations are to ra- 
 vage and deftroy a country inftead of raifing 
 and improving it. 
 
 That for the vaft fums fquander'd away 
 here,there is nothmg to befeen but a parcel of 
 half built empty houfes, & two or three flight 
 
 ill- 
 
[ 
 
 II 
 
 ] 
 
 )f the 
 
 at the 
 
 other 
 
 :ft: I 
 
 3f the 
 
 except 
 It who 
 ami- 
 's who 
 plenti- 
 t they 
 olony, 
 railing 
 )c able 
 nd lier 
 r colo- 
 iian of 
 for a 
 lybcea 
 t is, if 
 ;emen: 
 educed 
 ny re- 
 ey arc 
 iincils, 
 ) to ra- 
 raifing 
 
 away 
 
 reel of 
 
 : flight 
 
 ill- 
 
 ill-contrived batteries, which are altogether 
 ufelcfs for want of Ikill in the man who had 
 the ordering of them, whom they cdl h'.e 
 an engineer, whofc Ihipidity and ignorance m 
 his profeflion, has been fo fevcrely ridiculed 
 by the gentlemen of the navy, as well as the 
 inhabitants, that he has not permitted himfelf 
 jior his batteries to be feen ever fince, for the 
 inhabitants are not fufferVl to fct foot upon 
 them J and this wretched I'pecimen of his art 
 was manag'd according toNova-ScotiaH policy, 
 that is the offers of fomc of the inhabitants to 
 do the work by the great, were rcfufcd, tho' 
 they dcmonftrated the expence would be lefs 
 by half, that way than any other, & the work 
 be finifhed in half the time. You 1 think this 
 was flrange management, but there wererea- 
 fons for it ; in the firft place, the inhabitants 
 by contrading to do the work might poflibly 
 have been benefited by it (altho* they under- 
 took it at a cheap rate) and that is contrary to 
 a fundamental maxim of this military flats ; 
 fecondly, that the overfeer might have the be- 
 nefit of paying the workmen and labourers in 
 manner aforefaid in his fhop, in the profits of 
 which fbme people here think his fuperiours 
 go fhares with him ; but that I don't believe ; 
 thirdly, that a number of idle fubalterns - 
 might receive three or four fhillings a day,un- 
 ner pretence of being fubnleputy overfeers^. 
 thg' fome of them did not fee the work once 
 
t- 
 
 [ w ] 
 
 a week. And fourthly, by paying as much 
 again for every thing as was neceflary ; any 
 favings for the crown would be prevented, as 
 thefc might poflibly be ordered to be applied 
 to the ufes the inhabitants have long in vain 
 been praying for, that is, bounties on the pro- 
 duce of their induftry : I anfwcr, the reafon 
 of all this pretty management, is a military 
 government. i v>^- 1*^ \<4K.w^^^^ 
 
 That the account of the taking Beau/ejour^ 
 fent by C-^1. L—ce, to Sir 7"—/ R — •«, was 
 notorioully falfe, giving the merit of it to two 
 poor creatures, who had not the leaft fhare in 
 it, but who were glad to fit quietly and fafely 
 in tiieir tents four miles off, and gu rded by all 
 the regular troops they had ; while the New- 
 England men, with the afliftance of the brave 
 captain Brome^ contrived every thing, did all 
 the work and took the place, perhaps a little 
 fooner than the valiant C —1 in the tents ex- 
 peded^ and for their for wardnefs he has borne 
 them a grudge, & has done all that was in his 
 power to ftarve them by cold and hunger ever 
 iince. As for the famous engineer, when he 
 found the work was done without his help,he 
 came Ikulking home like a dog that had loft 
 his tail ; and yet it was thought better to give 
 the praife of taking the place to thefe two con- 
 temptible animals, than to thofe who really 
 deferv'd it, becaufe they were New-England 
 men and irregulars : But for this bafe and in- 
 jurious 
 
 V? 
 
 'A 
 
C 13 ] 
 
 jurioiis treatment of them, and for thisfalfe re- 
 prcfentation to the King, no better reafon can 
 be given than that of a military Governour, 
 who cannot bear that tlie praifeofa mihtary 
 atchievement fliould be given to any bat the 
 army — 'or elfe that thefe two Heutenant-co- 
 lonels have made a bargain, Uke two fecond 
 late authors, to praife one another right or 
 wrong, in hopes of getting a flep higher, and 
 then theD — 1 takeNova'Scotia, — But what the 
 reafon was that the brave, the judicious, the 
 vigilant captain Brome had not the honour to 
 be mentioned in the faid letter, I will not pre- 
 tend to fay ; but am pretty fare he would have 
 thought it a difgrace to have been named in ) 
 a letter that contained not one woi*d of truth ) 
 
 in It. 
 
 >> 
 
 i 
 
 " This province being happily fituated in 
 the neighbourhood of a very plentiful country, 
 (that o[ New- England,) it receives from thence 
 its fupplies of every kind of provifion at an 
 cafy rate. And to this people alone can wc 
 apply (with fuccefs) for any reinforcements 
 neceflary, either to repel or invade our enemy ; 
 and thefe they have ever very generoufly 
 granted us, and it muft be own'd that but for 
 their timely fuccours, this province (of fuch 
 importance to the crown) would once and 
 again have fallen into the hands of the French.. 
 Nor are the happy events of this year, that of 
 
 D reducing 
 
i: 
 
 t H ] 
 
 reducing the French fort of Beaufejour^ & driv- 
 ing out of the country a numerous band of 
 perfidious neiitrals,lefs to be attributed to that 
 generous people, who from a truly loyal dif- 
 polltion, and tender concern for our fafety and 
 welfare, chearfully granted a levy in their pro- 
 vince of two thoufand men, at a time when 
 they could illy fpare them, and who were al- 
 moft the alone inflruments of effecting thefe 
 bleflbd events. — Surely then, the moft grate- 
 iul acknowledgements (at leaft) are due to 
 that province in general, and to thole brave 
 men in particular to whofe fervices we owe 
 our prefcrvation.— -Bat is not the very revcrfc 
 of this moiUlagrantly manifell ? For not only 
 arc the officers of thefe troops treated with the 
 utmofr contempt and neglcci, but are not we 
 IhockM to fee in the magazine of Ji!lj\ a 
 moll: v^ — -3 letter fromC — -l L — -ce, toSir T— x 
 R — ;;, fiird with the moll: glaring mifreprefen- 
 tations of fafts and notorious untruths, where- 
 in the fuccelsof the enterprizes up thebay,are 
 almoft wholly attributed to thofe who were 
 in no fliape allifting, and little or no mention 
 made of thofe brave New-England men, who, 
 with the allillance of a worthy veteran of the 
 train of artillery, with a few of his men, did 
 all the duty. 
 
 This bale and unworthy treatment of our 
 beft friends, muft reflect great dilhonour upoii* 
 us, and give us reafon to fear, that however 
 
 preffing 
 
 % 
 
[ 15 ] 
 
 prcfling may beany future emergency, we can 
 never have any farther affiftance from that 
 injur'd province/' 
 
 " A moft glaring inftancc of the mercilefs 
 treatment which the brave New-Efiglaud 
 troops, who effedled the reduction of Beau- 
 Jejrmry and removing the neutrals, I cannot 
 omit mentioning ; it is this, that the regular 
 foldicrs who never ^red a gun, were coun- 
 tenanc'd in killing the French cattle, hogs and 
 Ihcep, while the Neiv-England men were not 
 only prevented, but even reduced to the ne- 
 ceflity of purchafing the meat of the ravagers 
 at four pence per pound, or go without frefh 
 provifionsjwhilft the others regaled themfelves 
 at Jio other expence than what their diverfions 
 affbrdcd them : and at the fame time the da- 
 mag'd provifions taken in the French fort, was 
 all the fubfiftence xhcNew- England troops had 
 during three months, except that which they 
 bought in the manner I have related : the 
 New-England troops fufFerM many other abu- 
 fcs on this expedition too tedious now to re- 
 late, but which for the good of this colony 
 deferves a ftric^l: enquiry." 
 
 '^-: 
 
 !^:- 
 
 " Although I don't fcruple, but that Col. 
 Lawrence is difpos'd to advance the profpcrity 
 of the province, neverthelefs it is an indiipu- 
 tablc truth, that men in the higheft rai^.k arc 
 
 D 
 
 too 
 
[16] 
 
 too frequently unacquainted with the real fcn- 
 timents and diftrefles of thofe they govern, 
 owing to the choice they make of favourites, 
 in whom they are apt to place an unbounded 
 confidence, fuch perfons fo diftinguifhed are 
 generally cftcem'd by their patrons men of ca- 
 pacities and knowledge, and it is feldom they 
 want art or addrefs to perfwade their fuperi- 
 ours, that all their meafures are commenda- 
 ble, and are conftantly endeavouring to keep 
 from the knowledge of their patrons every 
 thing that may give prefent uneafinefs, how^- 
 ever interefting to the general good of the 
 dependent fociety, the fervice of their King, 
 or the reputation of thofe Avho place in them 
 an unmerited confidence : nor is it uncom- 
 mon for fuch people to be frequently inculca- 
 ting that men of honefty and judgment, adt 
 from different principles, and with different 
 views, the better to fecure their ">wn power 
 and influence.- — Thus much being premifed, 
 it is not ftrange that Col. Laivrence fhould be 
 the leall acquainted of any other man with 
 the univerfal uneafinefs that prevails in all 
 ranks of the inhabitants that his councils are 
 ■ influenced by gentlemen in the army, who are 
 unacquainted with trade, and thofe pohtical 
 maxims that are found by experience moll 
 
 efficacious in thefeAmerican regions. It is 
 
 a general obfervation, and occafions much 
 difcontent, that our liberties are reftrain'd,and 
 
 that 
 
[ 17 1 
 
 that we Ihould be ruled by officers in the ar- 
 my, who have no other perfonal intereft or 
 connexion with the province, then what a 
 temporary falary may occafion. Indeed it is 
 Itrange that fuch perfons fhould have any 
 (hare in the civil adminiftration ; and what 
 increafcs the difguft is, that thofe are the peo- 
 ple who make the moft flrenuous oppofition 
 to every mcafure offered to fave this finking 
 colony/' 
 
 
 t i^ 
 
 " The form of the government is not a- 
 greable totheKing*s proclamation, which gave 
 encouragement that the fame fhould be ellab- 
 lifri'd here, as in the other plantations, which 
 confifts of Governour, Council and houfe of 
 Reprefentatives, in lieu of which here is only 
 two branches of a legiflature, viz. Governour 
 and Council, and thofe chiefly military men. 
 The confcquences of which are ; 
 
 That the people are obliged to fubmit to 
 laws unreafonable and oppreffive. 
 
 That they are tax*d without their confent, 
 and the money arifing therefrom, difpofed of 
 without their knowledge. 
 
 That the vafl fums of money granted by 
 Parliament with a view of promoting the in- 
 creafe and welfare of the colony, have been 
 expended without effefting thofe falutary pur- 
 pofes, for at this day not one third of the in- 
 habitants( who undoubtedly would have been 
 
 ufeful 
 
 hi 
 
r i8 ] 
 
 ufeful fcttlers) remain ; and of thofe w^ho do, 
 not a man is able to fnbfifl upon the produce of 
 his land, nor is there any trade eftabliflied, or 
 fifhery carried on in the colony ,as no part of the 
 parliamentary grants, have ever been applied 
 for thofe ends, but the whole has been appro- 
 priated for the fupport of the troops, unnecef- 
 fary falary men, &c. 
 
 That great injuries accrue to tlic people in 
 trade from the partial and irregular manage- 
 ment in the pay ofRce,great delays of payment 
 are veryjuftly complain'd of. 
 
 The pay-mailer is a mihtary man,of avery 
 haughty & infolent behaviour,and tis with the 
 greatell difficulty he is ever to be fpoke with, 
 tho* the occafion be never lb emergent : his 
 clerk fiiffer'd to keep a fhop, furnifh'd with an 
 aflbrtment of goods, may be the reafon why 
 the artificers & labourers employ'd by the go- 
 vernment are not paid their money as foon as 
 they have earri'd it, for thefe perfons not be- 
 ing able to fupport their families w^ithout an 
 immediate fupply, are obliged to take up ne- 
 cefTarys of the faid clerk, which prevents a 
 difhibution (through the town) of the money 
 which thefe people might otherwife receive, 
 and which might be a fupport to many per- 
 fons in trade." 
 
 " It has been all along a great misfortune 
 to this fettlementjthat the Governour'sear is 
 
 cngrolfed 
 
t 19 ] 
 
 cngroffed by two or three military men who 
 are always about him,& who ftick at nothing 
 which they think will make for their own 
 intereft ; by their means the true ftate of 
 things is conftantly hid from him, and the in- 
 habitants have no chance of having their 
 grievances redreffed, and tis well for him if in 
 the end it does not prove fatal to himfelf ; his 
 friends are at this time vaftly uneafy for him 
 upon account of the letter he fent to Sir Thomas 
 Robinjou, about the taking Beaujejour, which 
 was diredly contrary to truth, it being now 
 univerfally known to have been taken by the 
 New-England troops only ; aililled by the ar- 
 tillery under capt. Brome, whereas you know 
 he attributed it to tbofe who had very little 
 more concern m it than I had who was all the 
 time at Halifax, This viliainous mifreprefen- 
 tation, is by everybody here placed to the ac- 
 count of his favourite the fecretary, whofe 
 wicked heart and foolifh head, too much 
 juflifics the fufpicion, and what very much 
 corroborates it is his known inveteracy againll 
 the NeiV' England raen. One initance of it I 
 wdll give you, foon after the Governour re- 
 ceived an account of the takingi?^^///^7owr,and 
 before the circumftances were known to any 
 but him and his favourite, two captains hi the 
 navy being in company with the latter, ajQc'd 
 him how the New- England m^n behav'd upon 
 that occalion ? He anfwered, they behav'd like 
 
 rafcals 
 
If ' 
 
 I , 
 
 V 
 
 .{ JO ] 
 
 rafcals as they always did and always would, 
 they ran away. 1 could give you a great 
 number of inftanccs of this man's folly and 
 wic^ .ednefs, but ex fede herculem,*' 
 
 " I can't omit to mention one very extra- 
 ordinary affair which happened here lately. 
 There were three men after a fair tryalat the 
 fupream court, fentenced to be branded in the 
 hand and tofufler nine months imprifonment, 
 the firfl: part of the fentence was immediatel}^ 
 executed, then they were put into prifon where 
 they were loaded with very heavy irons, in 
 which circumftances they lay about eight 
 months,at which time to the great aftonifliment 
 of every true born englifhman,oneCo//fr^// who 
 is a captain in the navy,from a prejudice againlt 
 thefe unkippy prifoners on account of their 
 country (being New-England men) went to 
 the prifon with a file of foldiers, and without 
 any legal authority obliged the goaler to de- 
 liver them up, who hevi etarmis carry'd on 
 board pne of his majefty's fhips lying in the 
 harbour ; the fhip at that time had a violent 
 fever r iging on board, the confequence of 
 which was, that two of the prifoners were im- 
 mmediately feiz'd therewith, one of which 
 dyed in a few days. The friends of thefe un- 
 happy men are determined, that if ever capt. 
 Cstterell makes his appearance in any other 
 government befides this, they will convince 
 
 him 
 
[ 21 I 
 
 him they are englifh men, and that cnglilh 
 laws will give them juftice in any place where 
 a proper civil government is cftablifli'd : But 
 as to a profecution here it would not be atl- 
 mitted, and indeed no attorney dare fill a writ 
 againft this great court favourite, as he muft 
 be fure to ruin himfelf thereby.** 
 
 " TheGovernour's favourite has lately done 
 an aS: of the mod glaring violence and op- 
 preffion that was ever known in the englifli 
 government, he went in the night and with 
 a file of mufquiteers vi et armis, (for he could 
 not pofi^ibly have any authority for fo doing, 
 it being contrary to all laws) broke open the 
 o[oal and took from thence the three men, the 
 time of whofe confinement was near expired, 
 and carried them on board the men of war on 
 purpofe that they might be prefs'd and illus'd, 
 which was accordingly done, yet this un- 
 parelleFd piece of impudence &injuftice was 
 hufh'd by the good natur'd Governour, who 
 was loth to ruin him ; but 'twas then expeded 
 by every body that he would difmifs him from 
 all his civil employments and leave him to ex- 
 ert his talents in the military way." 
 
 (( 
 
 It is matter of great complaint, that a mi- 
 litary man with a very fuperficial head and 
 bad heart (for which he is juftly dcfpifed and 
 hated by all the people) has the immediate 
 
 E ear 
 
 i 
 
[ " ] 
 
 }> ' 
 
 w 
 
 car of the Govcrnour, and is his principal (if 
 not only) clofet councellor in all matters civil 
 as well as military : — -that this man treats the 
 people with great cc^itempt and infolence ; 
 that he was fiiffer'd to commit with impunity 
 a moll arbitrary and illegal ad, that of taking 
 out of goal a number of prifoners whofe time 
 of confinement was near expired, (and who 
 were obliged by law to plead the King's par- 
 don in his fupream court) and putting them 
 on board the man of war ; that he has an 
 apparent prejudice againft all people in trade, 
 efpecially againft thofe who are New-England 
 men ; his great impudence in afperfing the 
 New-England troops touching their behaviour 
 at the fiege oi Beattfcjoury by faying publickly 
 that they behav'd like cowards and rafcals, 
 for that they ran away. 
 
 That great partiality is fliewn in favour of 
 the regular troops : that in a timeof expedled 
 danger, the inhabitants were ordered to mount 
 guard without the gates of the town, while 
 the troops were valiantly to defend the forts 
 within the pickets : that the foldiers are fuf- 
 fer'd (not being allowed fire-wood by the go- 
 vernment) to plunder the inhabitants, by rob- 
 bing them of the fences round all their lots on 
 the pininfula, and tho' frequent complaints 
 have been made, yet no redrefs to the great 
 difcouragement of theinduftrious fettler : that 
 where labourers are to be employed in thefer- 
 
 vice 
 
C 23 ] 
 
 vice of the government the preference has 
 been given to a vagabond roman catholick, 
 and ,thc induftrious proteftant refus'd not- 
 withftanding his having a family to maintain." 
 
 " The affairs of this province fince my lart 
 have taken a mod favourable turn, the re- 
 duction of Bcaufejour and the refolutions taken j 
 by the Governour and Council to remove all j 
 the neutral French, are the only circumftanccs \ 
 that could poflibly have happened to have prer 
 vented the colony from falling to deftrudion, 
 now we may hope foon to fee an ample re- 
 turn made for the grea<- expence the nation 
 has been at in fupporting the province ; the 
 vacated lands in the bay of Fundy, you know / / 
 will immediately afford fubfiftence for more ^ 
 than two thoufand families ; the profpe^l of 
 pofTefling farms already brought under im- 
 provement in a healthy climate, will be a 
 lliflicient inducement for people to remove 
 from fmall tenements they hold upon leafe, to 
 enjoy fruitful poffeflions of their own which / 
 will remain in fee fimple to their heirs. The ' 
 grand objedlion and what you are fenfible has 
 already retarded the advancement of this co- 
 lony I hope next fpring to fee remov'd, and 
 the conftruftion of the province cfl:abli(h*d on 
 fo firm a bafis, that the inhabitants of Nova- \ 
 Scotia^ may no longer be ftigniatiz'd as Haves j 
 to a military government. The eftabliftiing: an 
 
 ¥ 
 
 E 2 
 
 houl( 
 
[ H ] 
 
 
 I; I *i 
 
 > 111 
 
 l!'i 
 
 houfc of Reprcfcntativcs, and removing all mi- 
 litary officers from the council and every civil 
 employment, muft turn more to the intereft 
 of the colony than any other mcafurc that can 
 poflibly bcdcvifcd ; it is now evident that the 
 granting provifions to the fcttlcrs has not prov- 
 ed an effcdual method to encourage an in- 
 duftrious difpofition among them,on the con- 
 trary it is to be lamented that fuch prodigious 
 fums of money have been lavifh'd to very little 
 purpofc, for at this day it would puzzle any 
 man to point out five families in all the country 
 who are able to fubfift upon the produftions of 
 their farms, gardens or any other improve- 
 ment made by them, notwithftanding theGer- 
 mans have been partially indulged with pro- 
 vifions, many of them from their firft coming 
 into the province to this day, which in fome 
 iilftanccs is at lead four year r in fliort it is 
 too apparent that this method of fupply ing them 
 with provifions has rather promoted an indo- 
 lent behaviour than anfwer'd any good end, 
 for certainly fo long as people of lazy con- 
 flitutions can be fed witiiout labouring, they 
 will not work ; a remedy for this inconve- 
 nience has already been pointed out long ago 
 in the remonftrance that was made to the 
 Governour and Coimcil to obtain the con- 
 currence of the Lords of trade in granting 
 neceffary bounties on the natural productions 
 of the colony, whether the memorial was 
 
 fupprefs'd 
 
[ 25 ] 
 
 fnpprcfs'd here or not is a faft I am ignorant 
 of; but of this I am certain, that five thoufand 
 pounds expended in a way that can only be 
 an encouragement to induftry, and paid only 
 where a certain proportion of labour has been 
 perform'd,muftneceirarily produce more good 
 confequences than forty times that fum ex- 
 pended upon proviljons to feed indolent un- 
 thinking wretches, or furnifhing u Governour 
 an opportunity to gratific his favourite mili- 
 tary officers with falariesfor overfeeinga fet of 
 labourers at fifty miles diftance." 
 
 " The TcduAion of Beaufejour and the ar-* 
 rival of admiral Bofcawen with fuch a grand 
 fquadron of fhips in thefe feas, and the inten- 
 tions to remove the neutral French out of this 
 province are memorable events which will 
 forever conftitute this v^'ar the aera of Nova- 
 Scotia s profperity, nothing now remains to 
 improve this advantage gain'd of the French 
 (which is of more confequence to the nation 
 than any fuccefs the weftem armies can poffi- 
 bly atchieve) but to hit upon fuch methods as 
 may encourage a fet of faithful fubjefts to im- 
 prove that fine country which the perfidious 
 neutrals are to be removed from, the prefent 
 form of government which we live under is 
 as neceffary to be abolifh'd and the conftitu- 
 tion changed as it was to drive the frenchmen 
 out of the province: The odium of our be- 
 ing 
 
r i 
 
 t a« 1 
 
 ing reflrain'd to fubmit to be govem'd by a 
 Governour & four or five officers or piacemen 
 creatures of his, is too well known through- 
 out America not to be an invincible obftrudi- 
 on to the improvement of the fucccfs we have 
 gained j it is with too much truth the inhabi- 
 tants are reproach'd with being the (laves of 
 military power, for where the people have no 
 voice by their Reprefentatives in the laws 
 which govern the country they live in, they 
 arc to all intents and purpofes as much Aaves 
 as the inhabitants of France or Rome : How^- 
 ever as the yoke begins to gall it is tobchopM 
 fome ilruggie will be made injfuch a manner, 
 before next fpring, as will reftore to the inha- 
 bitants of this country,thefame liberties which 
 they enjoy*d in the different parts of the 
 King s dominions from whence they came." 
 
 " It is with great pleafure lean now affure 
 you, that the neutral French are all tranfport- 
 ed from the bay of Fundy to his Majefty's other 
 governments in No: ih- America^ and tis gene- 
 rally concluded this declining colony will be- 
 gin to revive by being rid of that herd of per- 
 fidious wretches : certainly they poffefs*d the 
 beft part of the country, Tm well informed 
 that the lands which they have evacuated is 
 as rich & fertile as is to be found on any part 
 of the globe ; but who will poffefs thofe lands 
 is uncertain ; no grants have yet been made 
 
 to 
 
 \ 
 
[ 27 ] 
 
 to any 'perfons whomfoever, but I hear that 
 feveral of the military officers have chofe out 
 farms where they lik'd befl:,and have actually 
 taken pofFeiQion of them ; one thing is 
 certain, that particular favourites have allowed 
 to bring from thence large droves of cattle 
 without paying any confideration, which they 
 have fold at a great price here and put the 
 money in their pockets, while many of the 
 honefl and induftrious, many of the indigent 
 and neceffitous, upon application, have been 
 denv'd even a cow to fupply their families 
 with milk," 
 
 
 The defjgn of things feems to be invert- 
 for inftead of the miUtary people being 
 fent here to defend the inhabitants,you would 
 imagine they were fent folely for their own 
 advantage, and the bufinefs ^f the inhabitants 
 was only to do their dirty work, and upon 
 my word I believe fome of the principal of 
 thefe prettj gendemen think fo too. 
 
 C( 
 
 By certain management there has inlifled 
 into the feveral regiments about two hundred 
 fettlers, who might otherwife have been 
 ufeful inhabitants, thefe deluded men are 
 chiefly Europeans, who have cofl theGovern- 
 ment at home about ten thoufand pounds for 
 their encouragement to come hither,theirpaf- 
 fages, provifions here &c, this is truly infa- 
 mous, 
 
:v 
 
 IIJ. 
 
 :' 'IJ 
 
 
 
 t 28 ] 
 
 mous, and what is really mntter of great 
 grief to every man who has theintereft of this 
 government truly at heart.'* 
 
 ' " What I greatly blame the Governour for 
 is that he never alfociates, as the Governours 
 in all the other colonies do, with the people in 
 civil life, which is the only fine way to be 
 truly acquainted with things the molt ne- 
 ceflary to be known, and I am furc there are 
 Ibme among them who are at lead equal if not 
 greatly fuperiour to any of the military men I 
 have met with here both in knowledge and 
 undcrftanding, but his liefure hours arc all 
 fpent in the company of a few officers, who 
 enjoy among them all the moft lucrative polls 
 in the government, without doing any fervi- 
 c .able, or very little of any kind of bufinefs, 
 except the moft affiduoully difguiling the 
 truth in every thing which concerns the real 
 inter-eft of the colony and inhabitants, and di- 
 verting the Governour from doing the very 
 things which he approves, for to one of thefe 
 (w!io like the toad in the car of Eve is con- 
 ftantly infufing his venom into the Gover- 
 nour's mind) tis owing that the people fail'd 
 in their petition to the Governour to repre- 
 fent home the great benefits which would a- 
 rife from giving moderate bounties on the 
 -fiftiery,and other articles to be produced here, 
 which it is evident to every man of experi- 
 ence 
 
 i 
 
[ ^9 1 
 
 this 
 
 for 
 mrs 
 na 
 be 
 ne- 
 aje 
 
 ciice is the thing in the world the mod con- 
 ducive to the increafing any kind of bufinefs, 
 and confequently bringing numbers of new 
 inhabitants into the colony without any other 
 expence : I fay to this fiend they entirely 
 owe the negleft of their fo reafonablerequeft, 
 for the Governour in the mod hearty man- 
 ner, gave his confent to it and alTur'd them 
 it fhould be comply'd with by the firlt 
 opportunity : this proves how dangerous it 
 is even for an upright man to have thofe al- 
 ways near him who have neither abilities to 
 find out what is for the publick good,nor ho- 
 nefty to adhere to it when difcover'd ; after 
 this I think it is not at all furprizing that the 
 people are difcouraged from making any fur- 
 ther reprefentations to the Governour of what 
 is their interefts, or what their grievances, fo 
 long as he is furrounded by a fett of harpies, 
 who feem to have no view but getting into 
 their own claws as much as they can of the 
 pbblick money, and confequently grudge 
 eyery penny that is difpos*d of for the advan- 
 01 the inhabitants/' 
 
 l^ 
 
 " It is now about a twelvemonth fince the 
 inhabitants of this diftrefs'd colony, prefer'd a 
 memorial to theGovernour and Council, pray- 
 ing that they would reprefentto the right ho- 
 nourable the Lords of trade, the great advan- 
 tages which mfght arife from a bounty being 
 - ^ F allow'd 
 
[ 30 ] 
 
 m. 
 
 allow'd at home on the produce & manufac- 
 tury of this province,this memorial I hear was 
 put upon file where tis like to remain,the in- 
 habitants having heard nothing of it fince. 1 
 am very confident that if one half the money 
 which is lavifh'd away on gentlemen of the 
 military order, under colour of their being 
 overfeers of the works, foremen, fub- 
 eiigineers, &c. 1 fay, if one half the money fo 
 fquander'd was applied in giving bounties, 
 that alone in the fpace of two years would 
 put this now declining colony into refpedla- 
 ble circumftaii v^." 
 
 •■'\U 
 
 1.' 
 
 Jl 
 
 ill' 
 I-'. 
 
 
 
 " I am really difcouraged when I reflect on 
 the meknchol}'^ circumllances of this poor 
 colony, you know my dear friend that as my 
 intercft is very large here, it muft be matter 
 of great grief to fee the fettlement daily de- 
 clining ; the want of a proper civil govei'Ji- 
 nient being eftablifhed here, feems to be the 
 wniverfal complaint, the arbitrary meafures'^ 
 made ufe of by military men in civil employ- 
 ments, has drove multitudes of ufeful and 
 valuable fettlers out of the province : the little 
 trade we had is almoft banifh'd. Indeed 
 it is a very juft obfervation made by a great 
 man long ago> that trade could never thrive 
 and flourifh under a military government : 
 could I colle6l my debts and ^lofe niy affairs 
 fo as to leave the place without a very great 
 
 lofs. 
 
[ 31 ] 
 
 lols,I would very foon do it ; and indeed had 
 I done it long ago, it would have been for my 
 intereft,at leaft I fhould have fav*d the lofs of 
 many bad debts which I have made thro* the 
 people's growing poverty : No perfon ftands 
 any chance of advancing his intereft here at 
 prefent, unlefs he be a military man, or at leaft 
 one of their favourites ; The Governour, the 
 major part of the Council, the Secretary, the 
 Pay-mafier of the publick works, theColleftors 
 of the duties,the Regifter of the court of Chan- 
 cery, and every overfeer of the works, are all 
 men of the military order, no man being per- 
 mitted to enjoy any of thefe lucretive pofts 
 who has not the King's commiffion in the 
 army." 
 
 Thus I am enabled to give your Lordfhip 
 thefe extracts of letters, exaftly as they were 
 wrote, being aflured you will not regard the 
 drcfs of the complaints, but the truth of the , 
 fails therein mentioned, and that every arti- 
 cle of them is true, I can bring a cloud of 
 witnefTes to teftify. I am, 
 
 with the moil dutiful refpeil, 
 my Lord, 
 your Lordfhip's 
 moft obedient and humble Servant^