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Tous las autras exemplairas originaux sent ffilmte an commen9ant pjr la pramlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par la darniAre paga qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la derni*re image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: la symbola -^> signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent itra film«s A des taux da rAduction diff«rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atra raproduit en un seul clich*. il est filmA A partir da I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de heut en bas, an pranant la nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammas suivants illustrem la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 "If ]V d- ^Uectiorv SPEECH OF MR. REID, OF NORTH CAROLINA, ON THE OREGON QUESTION. ( DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES^ FEBRUARY 7, 1846. ■ •--■ ,^i'7" . 1- WASHINGTON: PRIMTED AT THE UNION OFFICE. 1846. u^mih "" *•>■->. u. .■i,..r.jva, BosvyyardoitHeSRony mom. |7W>f 1 \ 4 proper, i 1 SPEECH. On the resolution of notice to Great Britain to abrogate the convention of joint occupancy relative to the Oregon territory. Mr. REID obtained the floor, and addressed the *^ committee as follows: Mr. Chairman: The importance of the question under consideration must plead my apology tor tres- passing on the patience oi this House, while I give some of the considerations which will influence the vote I intend to give. Could I cherish the vanity that I could, at aay time, have enlightened this body on anv topic of legislation before it, such a hope woula be utterly vain on this occasion, after tne question before the House has undergone so full and able a discussion. The question under consideration is, whether it is proper, at this time, to give the notice to Great Brit- ain that the conventions of 1818 and 1827, touching what is generally termed the joint occupancy by the two governments of the Oregon territory, should terminate at the expiration of twelve months. I be- lieve that we have a good title to Oregon. We have acquired title to it by settlement and discovery; and if anything was wanted to make it complete, that was supplied by the acquisition of the claims of France and Spain. But I did not rise to discuss the title at this time; that task has already been perform- ed with an ability which has satisfied the coun- try. I must confess that I was astonished to hear the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. Davis] take the ground that the constitution had transferred the power of giving such notice to the President of the United States; and that the executive had en- deavored to avoid that responsibility by throwing it on the {legislative department of this government. Surely the gentleman did not listen to the able speech of the gentleman from Ohio, [Mr. Thcr- MAN.] What is a treaty? It is the supreme law of the land, and can only be abrogated by an act of Congress, or by another treaty made in conformity to the constitution. And can the gentleman from * Kentucky desire that the President shall take into his o)vn hands the prerogative of abrogating a su- preme law of the land? If the L cecutive Limself should claim such a power, how would the cry of usurpation ring from ane end of the country to the other? He would be charged with an attempt to violate the constitution, and seize upon despotic power. The whole country would condemn such a course, and I fancy that even the gentleman from Kentucky, and his political friends, would raise the cry of usurpation! usurpation! If the gentleman thinks that the notice is a war measure, and equiva- lent to a declaration of war, as some have insisted, then surely he will not assert that the President has power to give it without the legislative action of this government. The gentleman thought proper to deprecate the idea of connecting this question with the party politics of the day; out he departed from this course by heaping partisan abuse upon the President, and charging on him a design of in- volving the country in a war without consulting its welfare. Does the gentleman believe that the interests of , the country required the President to make the British government a more liberal ofier than he did? if not, then, how could he charge the President with an attempt to plunge the country into an unjust and unnecssary war? For myself,' I believe that offer was too lioeral; but we have been informed that it was refused, and withdrawn, and our title asserted to the whole of Oregon. Some of the gentleman's political friends say that "the President cannot be Kicked into a war;" while the gentleman himself in- sists that the President is too anxious for war. Whether the gentleman has met this question in the elevated spirit of a statesman, I leave to this Hoi)se and to the country to judge. I know not. sir, whether the giving of this notice will produce war; I am sure that it will not be a just cause of war; but I deny that it is a war measure. It ought not to be so considered here, for it is not eo regaraed even in Great Britain. The giving the notice is provided for in the convention of 1827; it is peace- able in its character, and does not prevent negotia- tion; but still so fruitful are the imaginations of some gentlemen that they cannot speak of it in any other fight than as a war measure. The friertds of this measure have not advocated it as a war meas- ure; it has only been so characterited by those who oppose it. In giving the notice, the only legitimate inquiry for an American statesman is, whether this question ought to be settled as early as practicable, or delay- ed for an indefinite period of time. The convic- tions of my mind are decidedly in favor of the for- mer course. Let us examine this point. For the purpose of postponing the adjustment of )*he Ore- gon dispute, it was agreed in the third article of the convention between tne United States and Great BriUin, signed October 20, 1818, that— "Any country that may be claimed hy either party on the northwest coast of America, westward of the Stony moifn- 1 , « ^ ^ \ UiM, (now called "'"cky mountain*,) ihall, logether\flth it< harbor), liaj t, ui.. r«eka, and the navigation of all riTvrs -within thu Karnt , be fi e nnd opun for the T«rm ol ten year* from the date of the ttignature of the present convention, to the venirla, citi/.uni, and aubjects of the two powers; it being well undtrktuod that thii agreemrnt ii not to becon- ■trued to thtt piejiidicu of any claim which either of the two high contractinj' partiuK may have to any part of said co>in- try, nor ahnll it bu talien to affict tho claims of any other power or Stattt to any part of laid country, the only ob- ject of the hiKh cotitructini; parties, in that respect. I)eirig to prevent disputob uivl ilitt'crHnces amuiig themselves." This convention remained in force till it was re- newed by tlie convention signed at London, Au- gust 6, 16^7, which provided: "Art. 1. All tlic provigions of the third aiticlo of the con- vention concliuU'd between tho United StuleH of America and his Majrsty the King of the United Kingdom of (Ireat Britain and Irolaml, on the -iOthduyof Oct., 1818, shall be, and they are hereby, further indefinitely extended and con- tinued in force, in tlie same manner b« if all the (>rovi«ionB «f the laid article were herein ipecilically recited. "Art. a. It khall be competent, howfcver, for cither of the contracting parties, in case either thoiild think At, at any time after the dOth October, \»)S, on giving due notice of twelve monthe to the other contracting party, to annul and abrogate this convention; and it shall, in &uch case, be ac- corUngly entirely annulled and abrogated, after the expi- ra'ftn of the said term of notice. "Art. 3. Nothing contained in this convention or in the third article of the convention of the 30th October, 1B18, hereby continued in force, shall be construed to imnair, or in any manner affect, the claims which either of the con- tracting parti>-s may have to any part of the country west- ward of the Stony 'or Rocky mountains." From 1818, up to the present time, repeated ef- forts have been made to settle by negotiation the dispute between the two countries in regard to this 'territory; but Great Britain has always refused to .propose euch terms as this country could accept, without a sacrifice of her rights. In this condition • the question standa at the present moment; and it might so remain, but for the change of circumstan- ces which will in a short time render it both im- practicable and impo.ssible. While the country was only used for hunting, fishing, and fur-trading, there was but little difliculty between the two gov- ernments in relation to their conflicting claims, and it was not indispensably necessary to adjust them. But things have changed. Within a few years thousands of our iniluatrioua and enterprising citi- zens have gone with their families to that country to engage in ngrir.nltural, mechanical, and other pursuitB uCcivilizeil life, ai\d they are now cultiva- ting the soil, and caniitig forthemselves permanent l.omes, and an inheritance for their cliiUlren. Docs any one suppose that v^c have arrived aL audi perfec- tion in thcsci nreofgovcrnnientasto jiiaify the hope thnl two difliiict racea of people, each governed by a diflerent code of laws, and owing alleiriance to g ov- emments totally differing in their character, can set- tle and occupy the same territory, and maintain peaceable relations towards each other? Such a nope is illusive. Why then should we indulge further delay, when every moment we live this ques- tion becomes more difficult to settle? When a dis- pute arises between two neighbors m to the boun- dary of their loi^ds, the dispute mav often be easily . adjusted at first; but if they once drive their fence- stakes, cut their ditches, and build their houses on the disputed territory, a friendly settlement of the boundary becomes almost impossible. So it will be in regard to Oregon. This territory is now rcgard- «d as greatly more valuable than it was in 181B; and if you wait ten years longer, its estimation will no dot(Dt be more than quadrupled. Is it not im- portant, then, that this question should be settled •8 early as practicable? In view of all this, 1 ask, ia tt not our dut]|r to take such measures as will fa- 3 cilitate the decision of this question? For one, I ', believe the country is ours to 54*^ 40', but the ex- "< tent of our title is not the Question now under con- v sideration; and all who believe that we have rights in Oregon, no matter to what extent, &o they be greater than the British government has offered to concede, ought to vote for this measure. * e President of the United States, ir. his annual The preeei sessior. of message at the opening of tl e Congress, says; "The jxtraordiiiury and whol'j Ir.adnii«i8il;le derr.anda oi the British govcrnmi nt, and the rejin 'ion of the propositioi. mude in deference nlone to what hud beer, done uy my pr«- decusfors, and the implied obligatioK which their act- seemed to impose, uffbrd satisfactory evidence that no com promiru which Ihi- United States ought to accept can be ef ffcted. With this conviction, the proposition of compro mise, which had been made and lejected, was, by my direc tion, subsequently withdrawn, and our title to the whole Oregon territory asserted, and, as 's believed, maintained b> irrufragable facts and arguments. "The civilized world will see in these proceedings a spirit of liberal concession on the part of the United States; ai^ii this government will be relieved from all responsibility whicli may follow the failure to settle the controversy. "All attempts ut compromise having failed, it becomeif^thr > duty of t'ongress to consider what mausurea it may t>e prop er to adopt for the security and protection of our citizen.) ' now inhabitiug, or who may hereafter inhabit Oregon, and , for the maintenance of our just title to that territory. In adopting meaiures for this purpose, care ithould be takci ' that nothing be done to violate the stipulations of the con .« vention of 18-27, which is still in force. The faith of treatiea .. in their letter and spirit, has ever been, and, I trust, will evei be, scrupulously observed by the United Statea. Undei that convention, a year's notice is required to be given bt ^ either party to the other, before the joint occupancy shal! k terminate, and before either can rightfully assart or exer ^ cise exclusive jurisdiction over any portion of the territory This notice it would, in my judgment, be proper to give;anJ 4 I recommend that provision be mado by law for giving it ac \ cordingly, and terminating, in this manner, the conventioi t of the sixth of August, 1327." , Now, sir, in the face of these facts, can we shrinli from giving the notice ? Some gentlemen take it foi granted that this measure will cut off all negotiation i but they are mistaken. It only carries out whai| public opinion has declared, and what the true poll cy of the country requires. I{ further negotiatioi . shall be necessary or proper, then this notice in ik wise prevents it; if further negotiation is unnecessarj or improper, it is our imperative duty to give tli notice. Passin* tlu.s mea.iure, then, will not pre vent our government from doing anything th;i ouiiihtto be done, while it will untie our hands aii: leave u.s free to pursue such measures as the intri estsof the cnusUiy dcnuuid. In doing these thing; we must observe our national faith, nnd violate v. treaty .Jtipulalion. At the last session of Congre.'-t a l.iill to oij;aiii!;e a Territorial government in Ort gon passed tliis House by a vote of 140 to 6' i This bill contained a section providing for the giv j ing of the notice, in the following words: t "Skc. 43. Jlndhe it further enaeltd. That the Prc'sid;'; ' of the United Slates bo, and he is hereby, required to cans due notice to be given to the British government of the d< sire and intention of the government of the IJiiiled States i ^ annul and abrog.ite the convention with Great Britaia rol live to territory on the northwest coast of America, concl' ded August 6, H27, agreeably to the provisions of the '■ article Of that coLvonlion; frovidei, that nothing in th act contained shall lo eo construed or carried into effc by any of the officers or citizens of the United States, as : interfere in any way with »ny right which any of the si: jects of Great Britaia may iiave in the territory herein me tioued. as provided (or in the convention aforesaid, until II expiration of twelve months rtftcr notice shall be given, above provided, bv the President of the United States." Sir, I voted for this bill then, os did a very lars majority of the members of the House, but it I \% ■ 'I urea as will ? For one, , but the eX' >w under con- wre have rights nt, BO they be t iiaa offered to ure. ' I, in his annual ei!t session of dsillu Jerr.andj p( . of the propositioi, , r. ilone uy my pn ■• ivhich their act cncc that no com acceptcan be ef iitioc of compro wa«, by my direc lie to the whole ed, maintained b) rocpedings & spirit Jnited Htates) and ull refiponBibility controversy, ed, it bpcomei^thf' • •es it may be proji ■ on of our citizen.) ': habit Oregon, anil , that territory. In ! tihould be takc-i ' ations of the con n tic faith of treaties ■. 1, 1 trust, will evei ed Statei. Undei ■«d to be given bv 3 : occupancy shall i; iy assert or excr ^ >n of the territor)' . ;)roperto give; an.' ? ,w for giving it ac \ er, the conventioi ( >, can we shrink emen take it foi ' all negotiation , rriea out whaij at the true poii Lher negotiatiot i his notice in n(| n is unnecessari, ! luty to give th , will not pre anything th;i our hands an ires as the iiifn ng these thing; nnd violate i; -. ion of Congiewl rnment in Orf I ! of 140 to 5' I ling for the giv ords: hat the Presidorjj required to cauti itnmuntof tfae d? e United States i| [iceat Britain relit f America, concIi| )vi8ion8 of the It nothing iu tbii ' carried into effeif litcd States, as !^ ch any of the su'j ritory herein mef aforesaid, until tq 'hall be given, nited Statca." id a very lars use, but it di r.ot pass the Senate. Was it considered a war measure then? No, sir; and why should it be con- sidered so now? Without a knowledge of the views of my constituents, I voted for the bill then, and they sustained me; but in giving the same vote cow, I nit only believe that I am doing right, but feel sure that I am obeying the will or those who sent me here. I repudiate the idea that this is a war measure. It is merely proof of our anxiety to settle the question, and of our determination to raaintain our rights in that tenitory, and repel those who trespass on them. But while 1 repeat that this in no war measure, I would not be understood as say- ing that this country will not take such further steps aa may be necessary to secure our rights in Oregon. The territory is ours, and we miffit not part with it. Sir, the time has ceased with us when we can act in that spirit of forbearance to Great Britain which characterized the conduct of the patriarch Abra- ham, when he said to Lot, "If thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if thou de- part to the right hand, then I wiu go to the left." That might have been possible once when very lit- tle value was attached to territory. But not so now with us. We need all the territory we have, and ought not under any circumst inces to part with any portion that we possess. But highly as we pri7e territory, we do not propose to take any that does not belong to us. Sir, I am aware some gentlemen, who do not appre- ciate the importance of Oregon, represent it as a dis- tant stri{^of land of but little value; and they ask, are we going to fight for that' I tell such gentle- men that Oregon is of vast importance to this coun- try, and that its loss would be deeply felt and sore- ly regretted to the latest moment of the existence of this great republic? Because Oregon is at a great dis tance from this Capitol, shall we treat her as the Roman empire once treated the island of Britain — clip her off, and tell her to take care of herself? Britain was once a part of the Roman empire; but that government thought her of so little value that Uiey cast her off, and told the people if they could defend themselves against their enemies, good and well, let them do it; the Roman eagle would no longer take llicm under its wings On this strip of country, thus severed — which is infinitely smaller than Oregon — is planted that mighty government, whose invincibility has thi*? day been so eloquently described! It i."? the nation inhabiting this territory which now struggles for the conquest of the world, and cariics terror with her name to tlic most dis; 'nt parts of the earth! This teaches us ihi increasing importance of territory, and 13 a warning to us to guard against the loss of any part of our country, or of any portion of our peo- ple. It is quite natural for us to suppose, that, under any circumstances, Oregon is destined to be a part of our confederacy, but it may perhaps turn out otherwise. I here express the hope, and cherish the belief, that she will never be a British colony; that that country will be a republic, inliabited by freemen, I believe almost certain; but whether she is destined to remain a part of this confederacy, or to become a separate and distinct republic, de- pends upon the policy pursued towards her by this government. If we now refuse her protection, may she not hereafter scorn our proffer of reunion and refuse to be received by us as a State? The case of Texas was different. Texas was a distinct and in- dependent nation, and we were under no obligations to protect her people or territory till she became a part of this Union. But we are under very differ- ent obligations to the people of Oregon, because we own the territory, and it is settled by our own citi- zens. If we leave her in the moment of her strug- gles to shift for herself by withdrawing our protec- tion, will she hereafter, when she has established her right to the soil, come and ask to be again in- corporated into this Union.' I believe not. I must here remark that I would be the last man on this floor, or in this country, to claim a single inch of territory which I did not believe to be ours, but, on the other hand, I say with eqiwl determination that I will never consent to the surrender of an inch that is our own — I care not where it lies, or what may be its value — to gratify the ambition of Great Brit- ain or any other government upon the earth. We boast of being u great and glorious republic; but what constitutes a great government? It is the jus- tice of its laws — the preservation of its rights — and the protection of its citizens. I care not how wealthy or powerful a nation may be; as soon as she ceases to preserve her rights and to protect lier citizens she ceases to be great and is destined to fall. If we ever surrender any portion of our territory to Great Britain, gentlemen may rest assured that it will be but the beginning of surrenders ; she will never be satisfied with de- manding. Peace is our policy. We do not seek a war witli Great Britain ; but if she declares war against us for defending our right to Oregon, we shall stand justified in the eyes of the world, and every American heart, and every A merican arm will be found on the side of their country. Sir, the country is in favor of notice, and for maintaining our right to the territory. Even in North Carolina Oregon is stronger than any political party; and, as an evidence of this, I will refer to the fact that my whig colleague from Lumber river [Mr. Dockert] Cublicly proclaimed during the canvass, that, beforo e would surrender any part of OrcMn, he would march barefoot over prickly pears to fight for it. I repeat that the "Old North State" is for Oregon. Mr. DocKERv rose, and asked his colleague to give him leave to explain. His colleague [M-^^ Reid] knew more of the geography of his State than to speak of him as his colleague from Lumber River district. The remark to which the gentleman alluded was, that he was ready to contend for all to which we had a valid title. 1 .said that there were in Oregon Urilish rigiits and American rights; and that, when the line was run, I would defend our soil to the utmost extremity; and what he had said about marching over prickly peaiw was .s.iid in that con- nexion. He iiad said tiiat, when our rights were determined, then he would be ready to figiit for them, though he had to march barefout over prickly pears. Mr. Reid. Where does my colleague think our rights extend to ? Mr. DocKERY. Just where the gentlemanVi fa- vorite President settled it in his negotiations. A laugh. • Mr. Reid. Then the gentleman is with the Pres- ident, and the President says, "our title to the lohole of Oregon has been .\sserted, and, as is believed, maintained by irrefragable facts and arguments." The gentleman's location arose from this connex- ion: him and myself were members of the legisl.'^- ture at the same time; he had a favorite project for the improvement of Lumber river; and from his zeal in favor of the measure, he became associated in my mind with the name of the river, so that I thought with Oregon incli|ld«9; and ought we to mrrtnifer t<&^ juRt no I feti in regard to (hef that govemnitat any portion of our mA\f^ VTo, "ir^Q, Lumkn rifcr ovriKinly muat ran through hiodktfiet. lAlHagh.l ' Mr. IJocRBHT The gcntteman miatakea the rtttiir< oi rny piiitl iti^m. He thhikt that a iTMUi*a nii('>'>MMm mn^^t >»' «!onfined to hii o#n diatriet. ]V'>w, I itrn Aiiliii' lit improve NOrth Carolina in ony "'"■< "'* i'l •"''' ITiiiteil Stales. Mr. iiKiu if^MDi' 1. 1 nin happy to hear of the eciulitiiiiiirri pidi'itriiii, itnd I Nhall be atill more ao, \>.\ y ii> II It uiMif < < > 111)) votfl, he Hhnll show that his piitru>iiMin, wliii'i h.ii« nirrndy rnaclicd Lumber riv- et , i ^ fiMiMil mjjl ■')• ■i!ly rxpanded to extend tn Oregon! 1 hi>|><' III ii wt' ^ 'i ii' l<»\«Mii.Mi. Mv tV-t linj^H arc wiih the South — my eB'itiy \» will I't'-', out I will suflTDr no Incat or wciinn.ii vicw" in i<>l1;lit do tlie fme of (hia ques- tion, he Dhonlit li'W tlxr ronsnj tijon to know that Ji6 h^'il not fnllowr i: III the lortrl itf the uentlemaii from Mimcn'tniHii.;. [Mr. Adamh ] 1 relief thiit it sliould lie tli'iir'iii ru ccaniiry to invoke i^xiaiina; prc- judicuH ni^niiiHi II I ii 'ivtiiuul to operiiic iigaiiibt a greiit nHiioiml ni! :> hru Bui, sir, ill nqily 'o ih«t remnrk, I miijhf, with equal pi-n|>riety, ^mv Unit we who Kupport the notice willhavethe i>i) to know tlinl wo are not followiii!; in the jc id il' Great Britain But such a •declaration would n it lie an argnmcrit for or against the notice. It h;H i » e»t s lid Ihnl Hie member from Ohio [Mr. (jIiddivc.- ] i-< for the iiniite, and that he is aciiittieil l>y i>i"'!ve.M iinworiliy of a statesman. But even tt^ix I'li'il imt deter mc from giving my "vote for a mviiMi'it; V !iich I beliive to be rii^ht. I '! ', berausR one of the clioaen nmi bntniyod the Siivior, that je-i Chtisiiiuiity I follow in I K" ft r my country. We are 'i. Hi't lest H war fnsue. lias it j^tivrrnrnfiit eaii rarry out no wiih liir domestic or of ^\•nl• being raised War and ruin pan thia,linMl boMTfiiiMod to •eonft^i44«^i#MlMtlMi^lUu| ltol>«:'piM%Md at (ho tmifMM- of tile bittoittMr and the hdnelrdr my eoiintrf. Th« ttorritot^ 6ldamd by Grekt B^tain on this continent, is greater ni extent tiiM oar own' tm we al tim« rery mi lur polic] Hm in tl jcen si ilom we have none to spare. It has been with deep IBP^'-au hold thai I haTe heard remarks on this floor morodhipa^^ "^'° want o| :en sold heir cov T armor retire td r deeds I mi^ht lu well 't twelve wti.s ii ' therefore I in.. the lead ot no i.vii. told that wF niii.i •'. conic lo this thiit '>' iinportiuii 111. usiiTi- cojiitM-.ted foreign poli y vv'!l">ijt the c-y and lii'ld up nn n u r ir > ver u r jca have ulieniitoly ,irc;vail'd «m, siiic the com- jnencemi-nl of our g.neri.ineni, »iid if we wait for thi-ni tu ccrtso bci'iire wt act wr h!j.i!| never do any- tliiiig. If wp ii!trin|!t to ]>r'erenui,ij until her possessions dot yonr map over a consider- . ,«|^,. j ablo portion of the globe. With our love of liber-„ ,j A.f.j.1 ty, we could not withhold our sympathy from, |), g^ those whoso misfortune it has been, trom time to. ' • lime, to fall within her grasp; but we have stood by. ^y^^ l °° and behold all these thmgs in silence, adhering to, „y),JQ,. the policy not to interfere in foreign disptatea in |g„i|^|ir which our own saiety does not require us to take, ^-^f .J part. But when she cornea upon oVr own shores,^ ^y^^ f • and seeks to possess herself ofa part of our terri-. -^ tory, every consideration of interest and of pitriot-^^ ism requires that we should resist her arrogant de- P Th greatly in budi rn warf improv assert our cUiini lo Oi po^on, we tut! t'>ld an unjust and sanguinary war will be inuvila! -K ! The horrors of war have been ile-i; I .«i witrour enllnnc little navy won for herself (milnni'.: fninc; nod I un- dertake to aay that when the eoi- ".;• ncy nhall a^ain arise, she will fully mainiain (Hu logh I'.tianv icr lo which her noble deeds ao juailv •.ttle her In con- clusion, permit me to reomi-k, )lia' while I rc8|>ect the opinions, and do notnrraign ilir motlvpu ofthoHe v'ho difler from me on thin qnesitoti, on net of mine shiXll ever sanction the surreod'-r < f any pordon nf our territory, without a jiiste(|oivt)lfni. Entertain- ing the opinions I do, if I w>n: 'o n -t ntherwisH, I should feel that I had not rait'itiiMy peif ir thure to brave the hardships and privations of a Iroiiier life. L'-t us extend the laws and protection of the United Stmea over that territory. Do these (hini;ii, and my wor 1 for it, these brave pioneers wdl do much towards protecting themselves. We RMall then prove to the world that we regard the (;reiit principle that the protection of our laws shall extend to every citizen of this republic, and that we arc determined that our rights shall be respected all over the earth. It ia natural that there should exist among a free pe iple, some differences of opinion as to the best mode of accomplishing any end; but on thia great question, let us present to England, to Europe, ancl to the world an undivided front, and this will (jpsure ua peace, if peace is attainable. lllant State one Idiera — citizen British sol- ated soil, and