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' / 1 2 3 4 5 6 9i(ff .'k:c;^ c*:. \i :^i -m m .a ,: 'l-'- ■ "■ ••■■'■ */(■ 1 . I .■'.i %i ■^mifm-'.^ . .;H«fc,^..j»eT:'nww'-. Jg.., Ill - ' .A-M. ■ ^^^ U>^ Kilirtinpn^ LaAe ^PE louelsm Xake ()>^Lk iK^fli ..ti '!': '(?' li^V d^ Chei « 1^ Kilirtinpn^ otiaiioii* ^] M ^ .^ /;■ .^ Cherakee s ;^ ^h I -^..xA///,',X^. TT ^^^ I q£ tike RLv er ':V,' \ ZSCH^ CESIE \* 13X& j. OIL Qyiebec iaJ'' 01' of ^<2^v:> *{^^ "^ Sorrct UAfoil .CbaiuplaixL yo/^tA£, oils \, ^< i\''i:/i/(j^/*X. ro^ e A C A X> >^^ E s r i: I •-X/:?, V» t!^ V X ' r r JL H w s EXz r o 7li/hJl£ir&/ 10 ii-o j\fo 3\o O CJEL^N *' ^ .xz r o utcj .M.^ ffjs ■ p*^ TZANTIC O CK^N .K^ // ±. s I jl Kjy ■%> DJi iil .ja3L_: IfJI.A-'N-a) AN 3:) z rt> The. coxTj^xr ■'cn/t ta^p,iiyi^ / or Pr. 3^1 BROOKE TIC V I .1 izr. Ji^tv ui.y7) •4; or JhiHJi ^^ih JH OJi /fii. Kxv ei? l^ESCHACEBm t . '^p^f^f^mtimn '^f'/^o/ziZan^crv 6\o MPnHHPWIHiqVMi^KWf" •' ■","11"'. ■■"^^"^'^iilPPUpP^^^i *•'**•'" ■■"• -■•■•*«■.'.. \ . ■ ' ( . ■^ ^ > *' \ — ■ \ .; ' , t< • ' • '» . ' "' ' k . . » * *■ 1 . ' " Pi T 1 - ^ • *■ ■ ■ • ■•. ." .... DESCRIPTION Ehg/ifi PROVINCE CJR OL ANA. B Y T H E Spaniards call'd FLO RID A^ ANDBYTHE French, LA LOUISIANE. V I I. A Defcription of the great and famous River Mifehacth, or MJfiJ^i. 11. A Defcription of the Coun- tries, People, Rivers, Bays, Harbours and Idands, to the £aft of Mcfchateh, in. A Defcription of the Sea Coaft, the large Rivers ; their Heads and 0)uries, to the Wdk of Mfchacete, IV. A Defcription of the Five great Seas or Lakes of frefh Water. V. A new atid curious Difco- very of an eafy Communica- tion between the River Aftf- thacthe and the South-Sea, Z. which fe^ntcs America from O&iM, b^jr means of leveral laree Rivers and Lakes; with a Description of the laid Sea, to the Streights of C/n'es ; as alio of a rich and confide- rable Trade to be carry*d on from thence to Japan, China and Tartary. VI. An Account of the uleful Animals, Vegetables, Meals, Minerals, and other rich and valuable Commodities, which this Province naturally pro-r duces. VII. An Appendix, con* taining the original Char- ter, O'c. With a large and curious PREFACE, demonftrating the Right ot the ENGLISH to that Country, and the unjuft Manner of the French ufurping of it; their prodigious Increafe there, &c. and the inevitable Danger our other Colo- nies on the Continent will be expoled to,^ if not timely pre- vented ; interfpcrfed with many uleful Hints, in Regard to our PLANTATIONS in General. To which is added, A large and accurate MAP of CAROL AN J^ and of ^ the River MESCHACEBE. ify DANIEL COX E, ^^; Printed ^or and fold by Olive Payne, at Horace's Head in ?cf9*i-Hs04 AB^f ^^[h c^ppofite the Ryal ExihansU ^4^- rn'MimWim^^^ri ^r ■■^H??'" ■^^■-'■■^wpir^ 1* HE PRE F A C E. . i lij X HE ehfiding Tuatife iSi^ fdr the moji tarty romposd out of Memoirs^ which the pre* ent Proprietor of Carolail3, iny honour d Father^ had draxiDn from fe" AreraJ Englifli Journals and Itinerjlries taken by his own People, xvhom he hhd fent for Dilcovery of thk moft noble, pieafant and fertile Province and the Parts adjacent^ both by Sea and Land*, as \tellasfrom the Accovmt% tff other Ttzvdkis and Indian Tra- B ders, ('.. ?•';;' '^ .1 "i mm . Tl)e Preface; * ders^ who had often fierc*d into and ranged through the JHf^rt of kj nndw^ Peribns of good Undemandii^ afi4 Probity^ whfe Relations agreeing fi well to£ether^ tho mBfily Strangers to each otbety it is not to beJiipposMj they couldxonfpire to irnfofe Fables andfzlr fities on the World. The ^afi Trouble and Expence {thofd Two great Impediments o/Pub- lick Good) the faid Proprietor h^ts un^ dergone to effe& all this, mU fcarcely be credited ; for be not only^ at his Jole Charge, forfeveral Years, eflablijh^d and kept up a Correfpondence with the Go^ vernors and Chief Indian Traders in all the Englidi Colonies on the Continent of kr merica, implofdmany Paople on Difcove- ries by Land to the Weft,North and South of this vaji Extent of Ground J but lihe^ wife in toe Tear 1698. he equipped and fitted out Two ShipSj provided with above Twenty great Guns, Sixteen Patereioes, abundance of Small Arms^ Ammuni- tion, Stores and Provifions of all SortSy mot only fcr the life of tboft on Board, and wmimmmim. mm ^mm^ The VibEFAcn. and for 3^ifcov$ry by Sea, but alfo for building a Fortification, and fettling a Colony by Land y there being in both Veffels, befides Sailors and Common Men^ abo'ue Thirty Englifli and French Volunteers^ feme Noblemen, and aU Gentlemen. One of thefe Veffels difcoverd the Mouths of the great and famous River Mefcbacebe, or, as termed by the French, Miffifippi, entered and afcended it above One Hundred Miles, and had perfeffed a Settlement therein, if the Captain of the other Ship had done his Duty and not deftrted them. They howfeever took Poffeffion of this Country in the King's Name, and left ^ in feve^ ral Places, the Arms of Great-Britain affixed on Boards and Trees for a Memorial thereof And here I cannot forbear taking Hotice^ that this was the firji Ship that ever entered that River from the Sea^ or that perfe^ly difeover^d or defcriVa lis feveral Mouths^ in Oppojition to the Boafts and Falfities 0/ the French, B 2 who "■!!■"" ^WTTTf'^'^'^vmi!^ ' The Prefacb. tcho in their Printed Books and kC* counts thereof^ ajfunie to themfehes the Honour of both ; Providence fiemin^ to refer ifco'tfery of that great River, its Seven Mouths, and all the Coaji of Carolana, on the Bay of Mexico, for at leaji i /^Degrees of Longitude, was then effefied^ and moji of the Perfons who were a&ually upon ity with their Journals, Drafts and Charts, return d fafe to England, the Proprietor prefented a Memorial thereof to hU then Majefty King William of Glorious Memory, wherewith He was fo well pleased and fatisfyd, that in a General Council calTd for that Purpofe, he ordered it to bi readj and taken into Confideration, Himfelf^ and above Twenty 0/ f^e Council, who were then prefentf ■ iW""»^w»pii» I. in^i^^^iijjpnf f Act- les the leming I in JO al and empted )€ mojt ch £>/ IS, and be Bay ^rees of nd mojt ly upon :s and Ay the thereof am of de was t in a irpofe, en into above 'e then 0refent^ The Preface. prefent^ unanimoujly agreeing^ that the, Defign of fettling the faid Provinpe ought to he fpeedily encouragd and pro^ tooted. His faii Majefty bein^ afterwards more fully convinSd^ that Jucb an UiJ- dertaking would greatly tend tp thf Benefit of the Englifli Nation, and the Security of its Colonies on the Cgn^ tinent of North America, often decWd^ that he would leap over Twenty Stum?* bling- Blocks, rather than not effeB it 5 and frequently ajfurd the prefcnt Proprietor, that it Jhould not only receive a Fublicli Encouragement, but that he would par"- ticularly contribute towards />, by fnding (^t hU own Cofi Six or Eight Hundred French Refugees arid Vau^ois, to joyn with thofe Englifti who could be procured to begin the Settlement /i!b:r^, Besides divers Noblempn, Gen^ tlemeij and Merchants, proffered thf fame, Particularly the Lord Loi)f(Jale^ then Lord Privy-Seal, b^ing highly fenjible p/ the great Advantages would ffd9mi to the Englifh N^tfOO thereby^ 3 5 #rV U.liiuiijji.yipi J ljiji!|i.],|l,JUi wffmmmm } The Preface^ offered to afifl the Defign with Two Thoufand Pounds in ready Mony, or a Ship of Two Hundred Tuns, with One hundred Perfons of whatjbever Trades or Employments jhould be thought moji coni^enient^ and to pro'vide them with Provifions, necejfary Tools and Inftruments, for the Space of One Tear ; not making the leaji Capitulation for himfelf or them, beyond the Grant of a Competent Trail of Land for thdr Habitation and necejfary Subfiftance: But the fudden Death of that Lord, and foon after of King William, put a Period, at that Time^ to thU noble Undertaking. The prefent Proprietor, not long after the 7)eath of that Monarch, did in the fubfequent Reign propofe the re'viving and promoting the aforejaid Enterprize, but the Wars enfuing^ which prov d ex^ ceffwe chargeable^ and emplo^d the whole Thoughts and Attention of the Mini- ftry,. hindered the encouraging thereof Whereupon be deified from any further Profecution of that Affair, till a fitter Opprtunity n I: ^m/mmmmt wmmmmm Two or a with tfie'ver Id be ro'vide Tools One lation Srant thdr ancet^ Lord, fut a noble I after m the vimng prize, d ex^ whole Vlini- hereof, urther fitter unity _ The Pr e f a c b. Oportunity fljould gfer itfelf^ though *oeryforry hU Country had loft fo favou- rable a UDnjundure, vpAen what he had proposed might have bten accompli/h'd with much lefs Trouble and Expence, than after a Peace Jhould be concluded ; for he forefaw^ and often warred the then Miniftry, that whenfoever that happen^dj the French would certainly endeavour to poffefs and fettle that Country^ for Rea* fons too many and tediom h^re to relate^ af afterwards too manifeftly appear d. HowsoEyEB as thU Colony does mofi certainly of Right belong to the Crown of Great-Britain, // $he firft Difcovery, Grant, Poffeffion, and o^ ther moft /zia^eria/ Circumftances, may l>e allowed to carry any Weight with them^ it may be a fatisfaSory Enjter- tainment^ if not a real Service, to tAePublick, t^ attempt a /Sorr Defcrip- tion of it in Print^ and of the Lands to the Northwards, as far as^ and among the Five great Lahes^ the Nations of Ipdians inhabiting therein^ and the Lakes tif^mphes^ as ypetl as of the ufeful Ar B ^ niwls pw^p HII4J 1 1,1. • .|»i». »IUT«W TF^P?'^JBIf||pp! nimah, Vegetables, Mettals, Mine-, rals, and other the Produce thereof', toge^ thir with an Account qf the great Rwer Melchacebe, and the Rkers which in-* creafe it both froru the E^fi and the Wefi\ M likevpife a brief Relation of the Coaft of thU Province, on the Bay Qf Mexico, and the Rivers, Hsrbors, and I Hands hlonging to it \ allwbichy J fatter mjifelf, are more particular and ^xaS than any Thing the French ham fuhUjIod relating thereto. The Jame may be [aid of the annexed Map^ which no doubt U fhp b^fi of its Kind ext**nt. By both which th^ He^deiT vpiH f^e^, hew contiguom thi^VxQvipCQ lies to our aU ready fettled Colonics, tr^ic^ are entirely furrounded by iV, and th^ other Land$ to the Northward, by the French calTd Canada or New, France, tho^ thofe to the Southward o/ /A tlements, they cither by affedled Delays^ infifling on Pundilios and Niceties, flart^ ing unreafonable Objeftions, and making eictravagant Demands, or other frivolous VretenceSy purpofely elude their juji and reafonable Expeftatlons 5 and by an in- aSlive Stupidity or Indolence, feem in^ fenfible of their particular and rnofl de^ florable Circumftances, as well as re* gaarSejs of the General or Common Dan* ger, becauje they feel not the immediate Effects of it 'y Not conjidering their own Security is precarious^ fince what hap fens to one Colony to Day, may reach another to Morrow : A Wife Man will not ftand with his Arms folded^ when his Neighbours Houfe is on Fire. 1 * JL Jr* ij m^wwrn nwients^ idrdinary of the y an tn- \feem in-'- noft de^ ■ as re* )n Dan- mediate mr ovon hat haf" %y reach .,| an will jhen bis The i il'C; The ?K E face; Th e only Expedient / can at ^re* Jent think of\ or /hall frefume to men" tion (with the utmofl Deference to HU Majesty and HU Minifters) to help and obviate thefe Abfurdities and In- con veniencies, and apply a Remedy to them , is , That All the Colonies appertaining to the Crown of Great Britain on the Northern Continent of America, be Vnited under a Legal, Regular, and firm EftabUfhraent ; Over whicb^ it*s propos^d^ a Lieutenant, or Supreme Governour, my be conjtitutedy and appointed to Pre fide on the Spot, to rvhom the Gpvernours of each Colo- ny Jhall be Subordinate* It w further humbly propos*d^ That two Deputies JhaU be annually Eletied by the Council and Aflembly of each Pro- vince, who are to be in the Nature of a Great Council, or General Con- vention of the Eftates of fAe Colonies^ and by the Order, Content or Appro- bation of the Lieutenant or Govcr- nour General, Jhall meet together , , Con-- fult and Ahife for the Good of the Q vhole. ^iJpw^BWflP'^^ mm* wm «■ ■I The Preface. whole^ Settle and Appoint particular Quota's or Proportions of Money, Men, Provifions, ^c. that each refpe^ 3ive Government L to raife^ for their mutual Defence and Safety , as wettj a$^ ifneceffary^ for Offence and Inv|ifi- on of their Enemies; in all which Ca-^ fes tAe Gorernour General or Lieu- tenant is to ha, as they in tbeir Wifdom Jhall judge proper. A CoALiTioi* or Union bf this Nature^ tempered with and grounded on Prudence, Moderation and Juftice, and a generous Inconragemerit giien to the Labour, Induftry^ and good Management of aU Sorts and Conditi" ons of Perfons inhabitingyCr^ any ways ^ concerned or interefied in the feierdt Coionies above mentiorCdy will, in all pro* habiUtj^ lay a fure and lading Founda- tion of Dominion, Strength, and Tradc^ fufficient not only to Secure and Promote Uhe Profpeiity of the Planta- tions, hut to revive and greatly increafe the late flouri/hing State and Cendi- don^ Great BrtItain, and tkere^ c a by jjKm^mmmifgKimfifmimif^iiiii'^^^ The Prefack. ly render it ^ once more^ the Envy and Adgxiration of its Neighbours. Let us con/ider the rdliofour An^ ceftors, and grow wife by their Misfor- tunes. If the Ancient Britains had been united amongfi themfehes^ the Ro* mans, in all probability ^ had never be-- come their Majters : For as Caefar ob" fer'vd of thenjy Dum Singuli pug- nabanf;, Univerfi vincebantur, whilft they fu t in feperate Bodies, the whole Uiand was fubdued. '.^iSo i/" the Englilh Colonies in Ame&a ^ere Confolidated as one Body, arid pynd iti cne Common Intereft, as they anuria der 'one Gracious Sovereign, and with united Forces were ready and willing to aS in Concert, and ajf^fl each o- tber^ they woiild be better enabled to frO' njide for and defend themjelves^ ^Z^inft any troublefqme Ambitious Neighbour, or hold Invadeii For Union and Con- cord increafe and eftabli/h Strength and Power^ wbilft Divifion and Difcord have the contrafy Effefls. ■iV- » / But \vy and our An^ Misfor- ns had the Ro- ever be^ far oh" whilft es, the ca ipere oynd in are un* d with willing each 0" to prO" againji iDour, /Con- th and ifcord But The PREFA^Ei^ IRvT to put a Period to this Di- greffion; It feems to me a very great Indignity offered to His Majesty and the Nation, that when there are Five Hundred Thoufand Britifli Subjeffs (which are above fi^e times more than the French have both in Canada and Loui^ fiana put together) inhabiting the feve^ ral Colbnies on the Eaft fide />f the Continent of North America, along the Sea Shoare^ from the Gulf of St. Lau^ rente to that of Florida, all contigu^ ous to each other^ who^ for almofi a Cen- tury, have eftablifl}d a Correfpondence, contracted a Friendlhip, and carrfd on aflourifhing Trade and Commerce with the fever al Nations of Indians, lying on their Back^ to the Weft ward and Northward^ for Furs^ Skins, t^c. a mofi rich and valuable I TdiSick. the Co^ lonles themfelves abounding with Mq^ tals and Minerals of Copper, Iron, Lead, ^c. producing Hemp, Flax^ Pitch, Tarr, Rofin, Tijrpintine| M^fts; Timber and Flunks pf Pak* ■' ' ' ' "JIW^IJU' 'MAUPJI The Preface; Fir, and all other forts e>/ Naval Stores, m great abundance^ and the heft of their Kind in the World*, be fides Wheat, Beef, Pork, Tobacco^ Rice, and other necejfary and profitable Commodities j %pith a Noble Fifliery fcr Whales, Cod- iifli, f/yc. along the Coaft and in the Bays thereof^ ^ f^Jy ^^ feems a great In- dignity offered to His Majesty and the Britifh Nation^ that the French Jhould feize on and Fortify this Province of Carolana, remote from Canada near a Thoufand Miks^ as vpell as the other Lands to the Weffward, or on the Back of our Settlements {the greafeft Part of Vfhich are comprehended in divers Pa^^ tents granted long ago, by feveral of HU Majesty's Royal PredecelTors, Kings md Queens of England,) Effecially jfince the Englifh have PJanled and Im- frovd them^ from the Sea Coaft, almofi up to the Sources (?/" ^fe largefi Rivers, hy the Cinrf Commerce, the very Vitals of the State, / cannot apprehend with what Reafon or Juftic? P 4. , th9 .."i The Breface* the French) sr anyathtr Natiori> (hould ^ertcroaeh upon.theh Claims, Colonjs, <>r Plantations^ in .Amerka." : • i That They have done this Uplaiti^^ from the Accounts we continually reccivd ■from¥r2inc€^ for mafiy Tears.p^aff^, of the -_/fei;erj/ EmbkrkatiQris/t?r^f/&^M«i'chaOfi}- * be cr Loui'fiatMii^ andthe EnGQuragement : given to their WelJ-India Company, fqr tht Planting arid Raifihg M'dt^xi^h fir M^nufzdiuvcs tienin, \i v.t .< .r.^-. We ha,z;e lii^dxvife^ he^ny m^ jHjt Reafonj alarm d here iriGrkat BritSiii, iy the //i^nj'Letters^M^rndrialSj Reptfe- fentations ^nc/ Rcmonftmnccs, vrhi.i;h have^ from Time ta Tims^ hem tranfmit- ted^ from divers of our ColomQ'o upon the Continent o/ America, fetiing, forth the Danger they are like to be fxps'^d Xo^ from the Neighbourhood c/^y&e French^ // they obtain full FoffeJJion of this ofdr Province of Carolana, and the Lands to the Northward of it^ as far as the Five great Lakes, which comprehenfls Part of wh0t they} c(ill h Loyi- great M YJ lai 111 fr\ M mi ^m ■■■•'X . 7^? Preface. ^ For through tbefe Countries many great Rivers ha've their Courfe^ proceeding from the Back of our Colonies of New York^ New Jerfey, Penfilvania, Mary-* land, Virginia, North andSouth Caro^ linJl, (their Springs hing not far difiant from the Heads of the Chief Rivers, that kelong to and run through thofe Colonies) moft of them Navigable without Interruption from their Fountains, till they fall into thp Mefchapebe. And by means of their Settlements on that and the other Inland Rivers and Lakes, from the Bay pf Mexico, to the Ri& versed in the Inter eft of TJude and Vkmitim^^ bat blamed the then Miniftry /or not infifting ^n the Surrender of Canada, us well a& Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, /ir the Security of o«r Northern Colonies on the Continent of America, md the Traffick thereof: Nor ought they to have allow'' d them the Fojfejfion of Cape Bre* ton, if they M vptU ccinfider'^d qr under ^ The Preface. '* s %. '•^ me^loch >e Ifland Bay of offalU ther the (land of ico) La fojfijji. th to be thai can ys Fati^ urs were \ti^f*^on trechh in the \^f hut ijifting veil as id, for )lonies md the to haue 3 Bre*? underf ftood the Naiure of the Fifliery in thofi Seas. The Hiftofj of former Ages, and the Experience ofthefi latter Times have informed us^ that the French ha've ever been troublejome Neighbours, whercfo^ ever they mre feated : Hiftorians ajfert* ingy that the natural Levity and rejtlefs- nefs of their TtmpcYy their enter friz'tng Genius, and Ambition of extending thea^ Dominions, andraijing the Glory and Grandeur of their Monarchs, contribute^ in great Meafure to make them fo. Wherefore it's to be hofdy that the Britifli Nation, will be Jo far from conti^ nuing idle or indifferent operators of the unreafonable fnd unjuji llfurpations a/i^ Encroachments of the French, on the Continent of America, that they II let \m knowy they have enough already o/Canada and Cape Breton, and that it*s expected they abandon their New Acquifitions on the Mefchacebe and the Bay of Mexico, that River and Country belonging of Right to the Crown o/Great Britain. And 1 believe it will fcarce be deny d^ that at w^' ■.h: ...IWP '■l.WS.^'WfF'-'';' """W^WSIPW The Prefack- {refent^ wbtlfi they are weak^ and in the nfancy and Confiilioh of their Sct^^ ments in Louifiana) we haw a muchbi^* ter Chance^ and are in far haffier Chrcum-^ fiances, to put in ouri^himtOj and dif- fute the Right andVoSk^otiofthat and the other Land^ above mentioned witbtbem^ than we JhaU he fome Tears hence^ when they have augmented the Number of their Inhabitants, debauched the Natiyes to their Party, and further firengtben^J themfehes^ by fecurtng^ with Forts and Garrifons, the Paffes of the Rivers, Lakes and Mountains, even tb^ they fhould not have obtain d any Advantage over the Spaniards, or inricVd tbemfehes with the Wealth ^Mexico. / mufi acknowledge J that in Cafe the 'Bxitifh Nation^ ^uld be fo far infatua-^ ted^ as not to affert their Right to thi6 fo nobk, and to themfo ufeful and neceffary a Colony, and endeavour to regain the Poffcffion thereof^ or fecure^ atleaft^ fo much of it J as lies on the Back of our Plan** tations, as far Weft ward 4/ the Mefcha^ cebe^ it will be much more eligible and M^n-flVWIJijl.i J ii.^ijvu' wmi^t .' ■■ ■■ '■-■'■v. I,., . . ;,MH) f ■: — ^ rib* Pre FAG B. '^ f£tffr Interejt^ that the Spaniards vferf MaftersA^it than the French^ we not ha^ - 9jingfo muchReafon to apprehend the fame danger^either to ottrColonies^Ttade ^Na- vigation, from theFirfiy as from the La{t. Th lam apt to think, that Frudenee and Policy y wiU or ought to prompt us^ to keep aBallance ofPower i;2 America, as well as nearer Home ; and that as we have^ for a- ^ ko'oe Thirty Tears paft^ found it our In- tereft to check and put a fiop to the grow" i,tg Power of France, and fet Bounds to their Dominions here in Europe, we JhaU not eafily he induced to allow them to encroach on^ and deprive us of our Colo- nies and Plantations in America. The Spaniards areTdi/t/fo beveryunea^ atthefo near Neighbourhood of the French on the Mefchacebe, and are perhaps more jedhm of the Confequences thireoftban we are^ tbo not more than we m^t to he ; and PV" ■iip » , STfef Preface* . Bndj it's prefm^d^ that on a proper AppIi-» cation and Incouragement, theyll joyn with us to oppofe and difpojfefs them of their Settlements there and on the Bay of Mexico, leaft they render themfehes file JUafters of the Navigation thereof^ and with the Affifiance of the Indians, mdh Irruptions into the very Heart of their Colonies, attack their Towns^ xcize their Mines, ^wrf Fortify and Maintain themfehes therein. And perhaps I may not be in the wrong to figgeft^ that the Spaniards will rea^ dily aivide this Country with us^ and furrender all their Pretentions to .what ^ foever lies Eaftward of the Mefchacebe, except St. Auguftin, m Condition the French are obliged to remo*ve thence and retire eliewhere. And indeed nothing feems more ^ro^er and rea^ foitabkj than for thai Great River ta be the fettrd and «:/e«tfwfcfl^'c/ Bounda- ry W Partition, between^ the Terri- tories ^ Spain and Gre^t-Britain, on the Northern Continent (?f America, Nature Jeermng to have forrrid it almojl fur^ofe* b AppIi-» y'// joyn them of iBay pf I'ues fole >/i and Sy make of their ^ xcize aintain 7e wrong viU rea" uSy and V.vphat^ lacebe, ion the thence indeed rea* iver t(^ )unda^ ITerri- \on the fature irpqfir h Ti&tf PrBF AC E^ ly for tht Endy as w^ be evident to ihoje ttho JhaU give therhfehes the TroU'^ bk of metving the atinezed Map. And at the fame Time They'll peri^ite how the French have tP^oiV tbefnfilves into a Settlement betmen the Englim^nc/ Spanifh Plantations, Wi Pfefencei>/4 Fi- cancy^^ and with an Athtstnce fcUfce to be parratteNy have fet Bounds to the Dominbns of both. ^-^'^^ hmtm^ Perhaps / may be Jufpeffed by feme People of a Hejign to piead for a War with France, under Pretefice of afferting our Right to the abovementiond Colony and Lands adjacent^ at a Time^ when^by Reafon of the prefent unfettPd Pofture of our Affairs v^e are fo unfit for it: But I proteft a Thought of that Nature Ufo contrary to my Intentions, and fo foreign to my Inclinations^ that I heartily and fincerely m/h^ if confiftent with <>«r Ho- nour, Intereft and Safety, we may ever avoid one with that Nation. But then it is reafonable to ezpeS from them a due Obfervance and Execution c/ Treaties, particularly that of Utrecht, by which^ tm mmsfvf>^ «-■ I «»» mforn^dy They are excltidtd from .enjoying any Acquiiitions, They have mak in America during the Late War,- ■ I ,^#jpULD «pt willingly charge them "^^dite^i^m^h ;! i^/tfreach ofit^ Uji frtjh in e«r MeniPric?^ and th^ Wair com- mencd with them^ on that Ac^QUnt fo laiitly germinated. Tet if its aUedg^dyThey ha^ (kSedy with Refpeil to Treaties, Jincerely and witht^t Referye on their Partjj&W co^es ity that wkUfi vie were Glorio.ully and Generoufly risMng our Fleets by Sea in Europe, at fuch a di- fiance from Home, at fo vafi, an Ex- pence, and even at the Infiancf 0/ France itfelfy only to prejerve the Sanflion of Treaties, and do Juflice to our Allies, Theyjhould clandefiinely apply tAe/VNaval Force, to feizf on and deprive us of our Trade and Territories in America, and Settle and Aggrandize themfehes at our Expenee, xmr^ they had no Right, and *'^ The Preface., • and e^erjj as is fuggefied^ contrary to the moji fohmn Engagements. Tnis u certainly a Preatment mo^ Unjuft and Diflionourable to the Bri* tifli Nation, which I Jhould not hi*ue mention^d^if the ^uty I owe to my Sove-* reign, and the Affeftion / bear to my Country, did not forbid me at fuch a Junfture, and on fo Important an Occa** fion, to be filent and unconcerned. If vpe tamely fiibmit to In£u\ts and Injuries of this Nature, without being alarmed J and taking the necejfary Steps towards a Jpeedy and ejfeSual Redrefs of themy JhaB we not feem Infatuated and Wanting to ourfehes^ be arraign d (vs Felo de fe, and accounted^ with good Reafonj the Bubbles of the French? Wont a Noble and Generous Struggle^ for the refcuing and frejermng Our Ho- nour, Our Dominions ^nrfOurTrade^ better become Us, than a Bafe and Cow^ ardly Submiflion and Surrender of them? Shall we neglefi the Means o«r Safety asks ? Or /hall we fuffefl that our Good and Potent Allies, whofe Intereft d % and W^WPP" "•''''■"•nfpiiVPipppMiHiM^Nipiipnpi^ The ? KEF ACE. and Welfare we have had fo much at Heart, during the two Late Wars , for whom we have hazarded Jo muchj andper^ formed fo many and fo Great Things, fuccourd ihm in their Extremities, and favd them from impending Ruin ; and even by oar Fleets and Armies, at a Vaft Expence of Blood and Treafurei a^fied them to Conquer and Poffefs whole Provinces and Kingdoms 5 And after all thU and more^ Can we imagine shey*ll abandon m to Infults and Inju<» lies, and quietly acquiefie in oi/r 'Misfor- tunes and Diftrefs, who havefo Gene^ roujiy Affified them in, and Extricated them out of theirs ? Nay^may we not rather fuppofe and ^xpeli^ that in Honour and Gratitude, ibeyU exert themfelves^ and fly to our Adiftance, with all imaginable Chearfulnefs and Alacrity, if Jo be at the enjuing Treaty of Peace, which is faid to be near at hand^ we are not afraid to Publijh our WiongSy andT)emandour Rights ? All the Writings of the French p;iw us to mderfiandy how fond They have been of The Preface* cf thU Colony for Thirty Te$rs fajiy and the great Advantages ihey propofid to tbemjelves thereby. And the better to engage their late Great Monarch's Am- bition of being Renowned in Future Hi- ftory, in Allufion to bis Name, They ftiPd it La Louiliane, and the Mefcha« cebc, the River of St. Louis > tho^ at that Time, They had but one fnaU StOG^ kadoed Fort^ above Two hundred Miles from the Northern, and Seven or Eight Hundred Miles from the Southern Bounds of this Province. Br iphat is before mentiorid^ and th^ fiveral Writings, Charts, and Maps of the French, it is evident^ to what a narrow Extent of Ground They have cpnfind the Englifh Plantations. And^ fartioilarfy in ulfles Map^ the befi and mcfi approved of any they have lately pub* lijndy befedes many very Remarkables there U One, which I cannot omit taking Notice of J viz. That on the Part where They fix Carolina, now and long fince inhabited by the Englifli, They have in*^ fertei tbU Memorable Pajfage^ Caroline m 4 J ^inb ''9m ■■■IHBIi ne P R E F A C E. aihfi nommez en Thonneur de Charles IX^ par les Francois qui la decouvri- rdnt en prirent offeffion et s' eftabli- rent kn i;;. Caroline fo nanCd in Honour of Charles the IXth, by the French^ wA# difiover^dj^ took Po^ejfion of, and fettTd it in the Year i5#. by which the Author feems tq intimate the Right of bis Nation to that Province j tpbof if they are fo Bold already^ in fo Tublicka manner, to fut in their Claim, ta it^ may^ its to be feard^ when they think t hemf elves Jlrong enough^ by Force 4ijferi if^ • But howfiever thefe Things may hap^^ pen {which I pray God may not in our Days) the Proprietor of Carolana will have the Comfort and Satisfaflion of having difcharg^d his Duty to the Pub* lick, in affording Matter for the following Sheets, which I here offer to the View and Perufal o/tfi/ true Britains> in hopes They may prove acceptable^ and engage their Attention for the Publick Good. But if the Jaid VtopiktOT after fa ^reat Trouble and Expcnce, Jhould^az-^ ' : ' " ■ • the The Prejf Acii" the Mortification iofie all his hbneft and well meant Endeavours rej^li£dy and the Fruits of bis Labour W Subftance rendered InefFeflual^ ahd Icji both t)9 bis Countty, himfelf 4i/Mf Fatoily, i?nt/ ibis Noble Province fecut*d by the Ft^nch, without a Probability of Redemption, he mujifit down with Patience, and be-- wail hU own Misfortunes^ and ihe In* fatuatidn of his Countrymeh> whoj as they formerly refused the Honour of being thefirfi bifcoverers of America, tpheii it was oftr*d ibem by the great Colufnbus^ in the Rei^n of King Henry the Vllth. do now flight and deffife the Pofleffion of a Country , whicb is One of the Fineft and moft Valuable in that Part of the Worldy and in their Power to Jecure^ at leaji the greateji Part ofit.,- Yet notwithfiandingtbefe bis unfuc> cefsful and difcouraging Efforts, it wiU appear and continue as a Memorial to Futurity, by the Difcoveries and Re- lations here publijh^d^ and ^Ae Petitions, Memorials, and Reprefentations for- m^rly by him mfenttd td King Wix-Mam ^ ^ and wmm ri&e Preface- snd Jucceding Miniftries relating tbert^ unto {many of the Things he then fore^ told being fince come to fafs) that hi bos aSed the fart both of a Friend and Prophet of bis G>untry ; and that bad his Advice been taken^ and Meafures fut in PraSice, many of the Inconvenient cies {to fay noworfi) that bane already haf^end^ and ate tike ftill to befall the Englifh Plantations on the Continent <^ America flni the Trade thereof^ as well as in Confequence of that of their Mother good Old England, from tbU Effabliih^ ment of ^Ae French on the Mefchacebe and the Bay of Mexico^ would in aU probability^ have been nijft in the Bud^ and intirely prevented. * ' Wha.t is yet to he done therein {and there is no doubt but fomething may befuc^ €efsfully attempted) muft be left^ with aU due Submijfion^to the Wifdom of His Ma-^ JESTY and Hu Council s, who^ it*s pre-* fum^d^ will not negUli fo favourable 4 Conjuncture, as the enfuing Congrels *r Treaty of Peace, to affert and main- tain the Right of the Britifli Nation tp The Prefaci: this Province and the Lands adjacent^ or at leaft to xpbatfoever lies to the Eaft-^ ward 0/ th Mefchacebe, and on the. Back^ and contiguous to our already fettled Plantations, xofoofe Wel&re and Profpe-r rity depends intirely on pur being Matters t hereof j^ or on our pre^mting the French from biing fi^ which I am ferjuaded is; fiiU in our Fowery and may be ejfeiied. The Probability of a Communica- tion i)f Water {except about half a T)ays Land Carriage) between the River MeC- chacebe and the South^Sea, flretching ftom America to Japan and China , which is reprefented in the Fifth Chapter of the enfuing Trcatife, with the great Advantages to be made thereof deferz^es tdi be well and duely conjider^d^ I bam only ^ven ajhort and fuccinS Account andT)e]kription ofjomeofthe mofl ufeful Animals, Vegetables, Mettals, Minerals, Precious Stones, ^nt/ o/^er Commodities, which are tiaturally^ or inay with Induftry be produced in this our Province, with jomt particular Remarks; ib^reon^ As for^bofe which are ig^rely rar^y V ^ ' ' ' and Ob. The Pre pick. land fer^e chiefly for Speculation andA^uff, tnent^ 1 haije not Jo much as touched u\ on them ; mitber have I made any {ttvatiohs upon tZ^e Manners, Cuftoms or Religion of the Natives, as being foreign to my prefent Purpofe. PerIiapS 1 may be looked upon as a Vifionary^ xoho repnfent fuch Advanta- ges may accrue to a Country not yet by us fully Poflefs'd or Planted; But it will notfeem fo Ridiculous or Incredu- Itjnis to them^ that confider the wonderful Progrefs the Spaniards made^ who in a little above ThiHy Tears after their Dif- covery cf the Empire of Mexico, Co/i- quer^d thaf^ Peru? ^^d Part of Chile, from whence they bring fuch Immenfe Treafures unto Old Spain. Their Be- ginnings ippere Ten times «7tf re Contemp- tible and Improbable than what I fuggeft. Hope^er^ tho^ the Undertakings hereafter mentiotfd may be fufpended, tiS theft Parts are well Secured and Inhabi^d by the Subjeas of Great Britaifi^ / have difcharg^d my Duty in repreftnti,ig to the PublicL what may be ejfeSed^ ana The Preface. and how J when Oppottpnity fhaU pfe^ fent. If fuch ObjeSions had ftei)aiVd^ we had never got that Footing, ^/i the Cot)'' tinent of America as now we have. And to fay nothing of other CGlmniodifies< how vaji a Revenue doth Tobacco alom bring unto the Crown, and how Staple and Beneficial a Merchandize for Fo* reign Tr^de ? Not to enlarge about the Trade with our Iflands, ww by Sugar^ Cotton, Ifidico, and many other Cortf- modities, be/tdes fAeiVTraffick with the Spaniards, bring a great Treaftire to the iNation, And the Circular Trade to and from the Continent and Iflands y greatly increafe our Shipping, Seamen^ and Wealth, ferhaps as mtich as aU the Trade we have with the whole Comifter* (cial World bejides. To which may be addedy that nothing is of greater Impor- tance to Great Britain, than the Cnn-. fumption of its Native Growths and ManufaQures, and what vafi: Quantir ties of them are fent to and expended in w^ A :nerican Plantations, theWXs of Entry «!r ,J,!Wr,')^. »BI* ^•'.«,Wff''T»rri!!Sfl|{^..J^»!S|'*'^«Jff ',.;-'' ri&* PrefXce. Entry, ^iim/ ('i&e Cuftom-Houfe Books ipi/t inform us. Besip^s tbti great quantities e/Mafts, Pitch, Tarr,Ro6n,Turpentine, Hemp, iplax. Timber, Plank, Deal Boards, unci ether ^yaval Stores , which are brought ifome frgm thence^ ^, on due Encourage- ment, may be had and rat fed there^ prove not only extremely Beneficial to Great Britain atfrefent^ but wiU be rendered much more fo^ on a War or Mifunder- fianding with any of the Northern Po- tentates, from whofe Territories m ufuaUj Import them^ and to whom we fay for the f^oft Part^ ready Money and Bullipn/or them^ to the amount offeve^ ral Hundred Tboufand founds per Aa« fium, which will be kept within the Kwgi domy when once we arefuppiyd *yoith thofe (lomniodities from our own^ Colonies, i^hich with due Encouragement we foon inay. For Proof of whichy Experience i& . 'Aimim-" .»>!!im y^ Preface. nfiuing ourfelves from a fort of Deperi^ dance on the Northern Powers, whofi unrcafonable Caprices and Impofitions, *Ke have^ to our great Difcredit and Detriment, too long experienced. /But if f-6e French fifould e'ver grorp jSr' l^owerful in America, as to be able to Intercept or Engrofi the Trade with ffe Indians, or Ruin or SubjeS our Plantations, there^s an EndafthU Con^ fumption of our Home Produce and Manufaftures j of all our Shipping Trade thither^, of the Cuftoms for Goods Exported there or imported thence ; the Increale of our Sailors, jnrf the Advantages ofraijing our own Naval Stores ; befides the Lofs of fo Large an Extent of tiommovi^ and Five Hundred Thoufand Briti/h Subjefts therein. We may likewife be affurd that aU our Iflands in the Weft- Indies, isdiU foon undergo the fame Fate, or h terribly difirefsM, for nmant of their ufual Supplies (?/Fi(h,Lum- ber and other Neceffaries, they con- fiantly Jfand in need of and receive from our Plantations on the Continent ^ *ui.»hich pen- hoje tons, and grow able xvith our Con- and ping for ence} t the ^aval le an idred We mds ')the for um- con' rom 7%^ Prep A eg. inyhicb neither Great Britain nOr Ite^ hnd can aj/ifi them withy and which Thy fur chafe with their Sugar, Rum and Maloffes; fie Vent ofvphich wiU be in great meafurefioft on th^ Lofs of our Colonies , whereby they^i be mightily difcouragd and imfomrijkid^ fo as to be^ come an eajy Acquifition to any Am- bitious and Powerful Invaider. Thus Great Britain biing^ der privd of its SubjeSs, Dominions and Trade in and to America, oitr Mcr^ chants will be ruind; our Cqftoms and Funds will SinJ^ o^r Manufadwes wUl want Vent; om Lands wiU Fall in Value ; and inftead of dmeajing^ mr Debts win imreafij withoju^ the leaji Proffeci of tbs Nation's emerging. I ha've thought fit to fubjoin an Appen* dix at the End of the Book> containing a Jhort Extract of the Grant from King Charles I. to Sir Robert Heath, of this our Province 0/ Carolana, and the Veanis and Bahama I/lands. Together with an Additional Claufe, taken from fAf Reprefentation of the Right Honou- rable The PrSfjice: rable the Lords Commiffioners far Trade am/ Pkntations to King William, fignifying ffc Report ^the then Attorney GeneraL Sir Thomas Trevor, now the Right Honourable the Lord Trevor, in Favour of the Title of the Prejint Propri- etor fAerftt«f^. I have lihexvife infer ted an Abftrad of the firjl Memorial frefented by the faid Proprfetor to King William, being a Demonftration of the juji Pretenfwns of the King of England to the abovefaid Province, and of the prefent Proprietary under his Majesty. ' All other Proceedings refpeffing the faid Province, both in that Prince's Time^ anV fince his Prefent Majesty's Acceffion to the Throne^ nre furPofely ^mitted^ lea ft I Jhould fweU the Bulk of this Treatife too mucbj and tranfgreji my own fiz^d Refolution, which was to contract it into as narrow a Compafs as foj/ibly I could. As to the Work itfelf I have little to fdyy farther^ Then if the Importance of the Siibjea, and Defign o/fAe Author, cannot IP>""" wm •mmwmf "WWifPifiPi PP^WP'IWPFPT^ \ The PREFXCEi eanmt afeff the Attention^ and aii traS the Efteem of the Reader, / know nothing therein confiderable enough to do it. I Shall only add^ That theVnvh cipal Motive which enga^d me to compofe both t£e foregoing and the following Sheets, was a Defire to inform the Publick of an Affair of the greatefi Confequence, and which it concerns them fo much to know j and to excite fome Worthy Patriots tofiarch into y and futty examine the Prefent Circumftances a/arf Condition of our Vlmt^tionSy leaft Kmnfieals on them .unawares^ and they are undone before they are thought to be in Danger. Whetbir I may attain my End therein I \now not; but of this^ I am certain^ That i»y Endeavours ar£ truly honeft and fincere, and defigrCd more for a Publick Go6d^ than a Private £mo« lument. "" I HAO almojt forgot to inform the Reader, That my Keafon for not defcribing that Part of the Province of c Caio^ ^'mFmmimfmmmmmflll^^ Th» T^c^. OdrdlUtia^ ^Merihg on the North or XtlaiStldk KWean, tohich tomprehends fhe ^fidi^ft Part of Carolina, xvas^ becaufe it hits been fo often and fo tpeU fiirjwm^ MMdyi^ in the federal Ptm 1 '.*3-T K!1T ,:oD «4-. V h or M ^^S^^BSI^SIi^fi I9S hinds 1 WW, 1 9 wett 1 Pm- 1 J^^S^BiHyil^KBHi i^n T H E tiond 1 s^i^ ^-^ •%.¥ ^im t^ -%.-^ ^ r^ .>> ^; ■■ V.'-* > , tv C H A p. L Pescription of the great and fkmolis River ^Meflhacebe or Miffi- fifi^ the Rivers kicrea&ig it both from the '£ir/l aiid Weft^ the Countvies ai^cenc, aod the feveral .Nations of In^ 4(^4«f inhabiting therein. P^^ i. Wc^'^i »-.i • - . 1,.,.. r /i ^C H A P. II. A Defcription' of the Countries, People, Ri^ vers. Bays, Harbours and Ifhnds, to the 3£ij|? of the Mefchacebcf which do not communicate with it. f. 21, CHAP. III. !a .' Defer ipti6n of the Sea^Coaft, the large 'Aivers, their Heads and Qmrfes/ beyond ' ^ or to thc^ IViifi of Mefehiuebt. f. 3 $• HE ./^ CHAP. ||||i, ..jiniiJUip^iipiiipTCP mm The Contents; CHAP, IV. ■} A Defcription of the Five great Seas or Lakes of Frcfli Water, which are to the North of this Province, and the Weft and A/orfhWeft of our other Plantations, on the £4/ Side of the River Me/chaeeh^ .with the Rivers falling iAtp them, tht Countries bordering thereon, and the fe- veral Nations of Indians who inhabit therein. f. 41, I;: C H A p. V, 1^ A New and Curious Difcovery and Relation of an eafy Communication betwixt the ^ Kivtr Mejcbacehy and the SouthSea^ which • feparates America from Chinaj by means of feveral large Rivers and Lakes, with a Defcriptionpf theCoaft of the faidSea to the Streights of Vries. As alfo of a rich and cori(werable Trade to be carry'd m from thence to, 5^^/^, Qhim and Tar^ tary. f. 62. CHAP. VL An Account of the ufeful Animals, Vegeta- bles, Metals, Minerals, and other rich and valuable Commodities, which are natural- , ly produc'dj or may with Induftry be raisM in this Province. f • 70. The A p p E N p I X. . f. 1 09. - «. la.. -^- i^,vi4''^ -'■■■ ^j^^L ' '."wrpr""'' T-'UH'^iw IX^ <• »*^ y. T^ ^ ^ ^ >-^4 ' .^^ ■ it"- ■ - .:-... _ _.. ~~z:i — DESCRIPTION, e'f. ■W*a C H A P. 1. c>f Defcription of the great and famous River M^fchacebc or Miflifippi , the Rivers in- creafing it both from the Eaji andlf^efi, the Countries adja^ cent, and the fever al Nations of Indians inhabiting therein. ARO LAN A and Carolifia are two diftinft tho' bordering Pro- vinces, the Eaft of CaroUn* joyn- ing to the Weft of Carolina. The former was granted by Patent unto Sir Robert Heath in the Beginning of the Reign of King CW^/ 1. B which '\mm,mtmm>ij^iii ., H^tffmfwfifi^ii'^^iimrm ■"r-.;«f 4 mein CMefMts "Wto the pFcfcntTro- ¥fife^ ^f^^j^Stee &f ^Ca^olaffM is extended North and South from the River St. Maitheo^ lying according to the Patent in 51 Degrees (tho by Uter and mor^ accurate Obfervations, it is found to lie ekaaly in 50 Degrees and lo Minutes) unto the River Pajfo Mag- \noy which is in 56 Degrees of Northern Latitude ; and in Longitude from the Weft- ern or Jtlant'ck Ocean unto New Mexico now in JPofferiion of the Spam4ydsy ifrhich is in a. direQ; Linp above 1000 ^iles, and were not inhabited by' them, uhto^ the Souths 6'»T»pi»« J^^l^ (4 ) - The kivcr Mefchieehe is fo caffd 6y Ac Inhabitants of the North ; Obey being the Name for a River, even as far as HMdJon\ Bay ; and Mefehu, great, which is the great River ; And by the Frenehj who learnt it from them , corruptljr , Mrffifipfi ; which Nanie of Mufcbaeebt it doth retain amone the Savages, during half its Conrfe: Af- terwards fome call It Chueagus^ others S^jj/i- goalMy and MalAhnmhUy as ft fkres with the DaffMus^ which 406 Miles before it enters the F«jf/Vf Sea, is ftiPd th& Jfler ; and the like happens to all the Rivers of Loig Courfe in Amtriu^ as Oronogue^ the River of the Amazons^ and Rio de U Plata, This River enters the* Gulph of Mexico 140 Lea- gues from the North Weft Part of the Pe-l ninftiU of Florida^ keeping along the Coaft in JO Degrees North Latitude, and 120 Leagues from the moft wtfterly Part of the faid Gulph in about 29 Degrees the fame| Latitude ; and thence the Coaft extends S. and hy W. to the River Fanuco, which is under the Trofiek of Cancer in 231 Degrees, t/he utmoft Part inhabited by the Spawards towards- the N- and N. E. on the Gulph of| Mejcfco, The Provinct o£ Car olma^ from the Con- 1 jitoftion with the Peninfula of Florida, for 250 Leagues is fituated about the joth De- gree of North Latitude, and feldom varies | xo Leagues N. or S. from the fame ; ex- cepting the Entrance of the River Mefchi' cekjl ^P^ among fe: M ;rs 5if||/4. vith the it enters and the )f LoAg e River I. This 140 Lea- the Pe- le Coafti md 120 rt of the I he fame! :ends S.i vhich is Degrees, Spaniards , Julph of Uehif which I am now about to itfcr'^ from -ciie Mouth unto its firfl J^oun«> The River Mrfchmbt empties itfelf int;o the Gulph of Mexico by fevcn Channjcls li)£^ the River Me^ of which fferodaut the Fa^ ther of Hiftory, and wlio liv'd Igng iiji ; E^jftj aflSrms in his Time, . three wcrq al- ways Navigable, and the others only fp dut- ring the Inundations of the £iid RivQ*, which . were made by Art and Labour, tho' oujr Modern Navigators allow only two ; but • our River hath Seven Navigable ^t all . Times ; the Three great Ones by Ships , the Four fmaller, Two on .each fde (as ap- pears by the Cliatrt) by Boats and Sloops, efpecially during the Time of the Waters rifing or the Freflies, as they call them, which are always conflant, and return in the Spring, and fometimes happen in th^ Summer upon the great Rains, which is /i9t, frequent. The Three great Branches always Navi- gabfe by Shipping , gre fituated about 6 Miles diftant from each other, and unite. . all at one Place with thp main River, ^- bout 12 Miles from their Mouths. V There is not above 14 Foot on the Barp. at Low- Water in Neep-Tides, excepting when the Frelhes come down in the Spring or upon great Rains, but when you are 0- *" ver the Barr, wliich is not in many Places above a Ship'^ length Broj^d, . yo^ enter im- £f 3 mecliatply gin 0 from the Middle of its Courfe 2 or 3 Leagues. The Banks in moll Places are no mofe than 5, or 6 Feet a- bove the River, and Ships may almoft in ill Places Uq by the Me of the Sjiore, there being generally from j to 6 Fathom, ind deepens gradually , as you approach the Middle of the River , which hath moftly a pretty ftrong Current, but ther^ are di- vers Promontoties, under which you may Anchor, where is good Shelter from Winds, and curious Eddy- Tides. When you are afcended the River 4 or 5 Leagues, it is bdrder'd on each fide with high Trees of divers Sorts, from half a ^le to 2 Miles deep into the Country , Vfery little undf r* Woods, no Trouble in tra- velling ''n+Ji,flP*!l)iwyyijiipipil}fj|!WiMii!iiwiij>». ■ .■ ■ i^w^pwiP C 7F > vdjiug, bi?fides wto prpfc^dj? from the Vines ramping uppn the (ground. Divers others furrouiid aad'mpunt up^ the 'frees, almoft unto tlieir Tops, ' which are feldom lefs thafi loo Fjgi^t froixi Uieir Ropts, and often 30 , or 40 Fe^f more. When you come ouit of the, agreeably Shade^ you fee a mbft beautiful level Country,' only aboiit - 6 or 8 Miles diftance, there, are Collins or gently Afc^nts, for the, mbft Part round or oval, crown'cl wi.tli (lately Ttecs, \vhich looks more like a Work of laborious con- fummate Art than of niere Na':ure ; and this on both fides ths River, fo far as the acuteft Sight can rea^h ; in which Meadows the wild Bulls and Kine, ^)e*^ld,es other Beafts, graze, and m the Heat of the Day retire into thefe Woods for Shelter, where they chew tlie Cudd. There is no confiderable Riv^r empties itfelf into the Mefcfmek fropi the Mouths, until you come about 12 Miles above the BajogoU and Mougolachesy two Nations who dwell together on the Weft-llde thereof, 200 Miles from the Sea ; then on tlie Eaft fide, there falls out of the Mefchac^be ^ Branch, which after a Courfe of 160 Miles, empties iclelf into the N. E. End of the great Bay of Sjfirito Sar.to ; it is not above 40 or 50 Yards broad, and 2 or j Fathom deep at its beginning ; but foon enlarges in Breadth and Depth by tl>je Aqc9|lion of diver!? Rivers arid Rivulets, and is a ( 8 ) moft lovely River, making ^leafant Lakes, and paffing, during its whole Courfe, thro* a Country exaftly like that vire have for- merly defcrib'd : It is Navigable by the greateft Boats, Sloops, and Imall Ships of Eft^lffi I^uilding ; and by large Ones, if built after the Dutch manner with fiat Bot- toms. Oh the North-fide of one of the above- mentionM Lakes, callM by the French Lake Pontehdrtrain y they have erefted a fmall Fort, and Storehoufes, whither after unloading their large Veffels at Ifle aux P^aijfeaux^ or Ships Ifland, they bring the Goods in Sloops Or Shallops, and froni thence' difperfe tlieni by their Traders amongft their own Settle- ments and the feveral Nations of Jndtan^^ inhabiting on and about the Mifchacebe^ and the Rivers which enter it, both from the Eafl: and Weft. ' About 50 Miles above the Pjace where this River is difmift'd from the Mefchacehe^ on the other fide, viz* the "W^eft, enters the River of the Hounjos {q nam'd from a con- fiderable Nation, who inhabit upon it in the Country, (5 or 8 Miles ' from its Mouth. This is a mighty River deep and broad, and comes fi-om the Mountains of New Msxico ' its Courfe is moftly N. W. and is Navigable by large Veffels above 300 Miles* and thence by large Boats and Sloops almoft unto its Fountains. By this River you may have Communication with above 40 Nati- \ \^heii they make War upon the Nation^ who lie to the South or to the Weft. South of the Hohh is another River which about Jo Leagues above the Lake is di- vided into two Branches ; the Northerly is caird Oaejferey the Southerly the Black Ri- ver, there are very few People upon ei- ther, they having been deftroy'd or driven away by the aforemention'd Irocois^ The Heads of this River proceed from the Weft fide of the vaft Ridge of Mountains^ whkrh run on the Back of Carolwd^ Virginiaj and Maryland', on whofe oppofite OT Eaft fide, are the Sources of the great River Pofomscky which by a Mouth of fome Leagues broad, difgorges itfelf into the middle of the Bay of Che/fpdck, and feparates the two laft 4nen- tion'd Provinces from each other. The Mountains afford a fhort Pai&ge or Com- munication between thofe two Rivers, which the Indians are well acquainted with, and by which in Conjundion with the French of the Me/chacehey they may in Time infult and harrais thofe Colonies. The moft Southerly of the abovefaid four Rivers, which enter into the Lake, is a Ri- ver fome call Kjfquiy fb nam'd from a Na- tion Inhabiting a little above its Mouth ; o- thers call it the Cufates or the River of the Cheraqueesy a mighty Nation, among whom it hath its chief Fountains ; it comes from the South m. 'S l'< I ■^ ■ W ■ '»-^fc*^^1Tr W'":^"*^'^^ ( H ) i8duth Iiiity jand iics Heads ate; aiHong the Ailoiinfiain$» ;which rfepai:ate this Coimtry fitom Cdf^a^giad is the great Road oft^ Trader^, from thence, to the Mefchmbe, aad iatemediate Places. Above 200 Miles up this iliver to the Sooth Eai^y is the. greatandpow* erUhl' NackHi of the C^Vtf^^/y good (Friends to ^e £iir^)i^, whofe Dcoxiiaicm extends thence -to tb&Mefihueh : Before you come at them, is (a linlJl Fall or Cataraft, the only one I have yet lieard of, in. any of the Rivers that enter the 'Mtfiikmxhf^ dtiherifeom thelEaft orfrom the ►Weft. Tliirtyof Forty Leagues above the Ci«- i€4^ASj this vRiver forms rour delicate lilands ^hich have each a Natioa Inhabiting them, Vi^- Tahfigalcy Kjifiguey CoMij. and TaIk Sixty X(sagu£s above iihe ifland and Nation of the JW/, ; inliabits the aforementioned Na- .cion of the Ch^ajueesj \^ho ,have at leaft «6o Towns, fome of^whichiaie. not above - 60 "Miles : from CuroUna. ;They, have great f Bmndihip with the EngUfl} .of tliat 'Fro- ' vince, v.who from thence cairy on a free Trade with, .and .are always very kindly ' entertain'd i by ,them. Fifteen Leagues; above jthef/(?Aw, or the T'Rivier conmg out of the. Lkke aforementioned, . to the Wiifty is . thei iRiver HonAbanouy upon which dwdls a.^>fetion of the fame- Name, ..and andther.call'd jf^^vactf^: And id Leagues above that, is the great Ifland of the 2>- ^^maroASy and over, agajnfti it on the Eaft fide . a Nation !vdiich goes by its^ Name, and an« other ii|i.)jiiiM 1 i.i9i^-ipi|nimn«^9iipiipp 'i)|«(f" ■"^VWHrBPInrrni < »'$ ^ (>ther by that oi CshokU who dw^Il M the Banks of the River Chepujfo.. Fifteen Leagues above which to the "Weft is the Gi-eat Yellow River, fo nam'd becAufe it is Yellowilh and fo muddy, Thit tho* the Mefch/icebe is very clear where they meet, and fo many great Rivers of Chrifta- line water below, mix with the Mejthi^ cebej yet it difcolours them all even uAto the Sea- When you are up this River ^o or 70 Miles, you meet with two Branch- es. The leiTer, tho' large, proceeds from the • South, and moft of the Rivers that compofe it falls from the Mountains, which fepa* rate this Country from New Mexko ; not- withftanding which, there is a very eafie Communication between them. This is cal- led the River sof the Oragesy from a Nu- merous People, who have 16 or 18 ToMims feated thereupon, efpecially near its mixing u'ith the Yellow River. The other which ' is the main Branch, comes from the North Weft, moft of whofe Branches defcend like- wife from the Mountains of Netv MexUOy and Divers other large Provinces which arc to the North of New-Mexicp^ wholly poffefled by hdUnsy who are faid to be very Nu- merous, and well polic'd : They are all at War with the Spaniards j from whom they have defended their Countries above 150 Years, J and have rather recovered than loft Ground. They are like wife at War^ as generally the Indians are, amongft them-' ^ (elves. m P/W"W*W»JP'»"-- ' ' '*W!-"W!"i"«"" ■'JiWJilill.,,JUiiipipilpippi?^||P^|i™W|(^^ ( k5 ) ''fclves. The ixiofl: Northerly Bvincha of this River, are interwoven with other Branch- es, which have a contrary Courle, pro- ' ceding to the Weft, and empty them* felves into a vaft Lake, whofe Waters by \means of another great River, difembogues into the South-Sea. The Miatts affirm, they fee great Sliips failing in that Lake, Twen- 'ty times bigger then their Canows. The Yellow, is called the River of the Majforitesy from a great Nation inhabiting in many " Towns near its juncture with the River r of the Ozages : There are many other Na^ . tions upon the fame , little inferior td . them in Extent of Territories or number of : Towns, as the FAnimMs^ T'incaffa*s Pdita\ ^ Paneloga% Matotantes^ few of them having - lefs than 20 Towns, fcarce any of which . count lefs then 200 Cabans. .. Forty Miles above the Yellow River, on 'the Eaft fide is tlie River Chscagou or the River of the Alinouecks^^ corruptly by the French call'd lUinvs^ which Nation liv'd up- . on and about this River, having above 60 . Towns, and formerly confifted of 20000 ; fighting Men, but are now almoft totally deftroy'd by the ,/r(?ffo/>, or driven beyond the .Md/c^4ff^^ Weftward. Tliis is a large Plea- fant River; And about 250 Miles above • its Entrance into the Mcfchdcehe, it is divided , into two Branches; the lejQTer comes fi'om , North and by Eaft, and its Head is within 4 or 5 Miles of the great Lake of the Mi^ nouccks «p»pp '^"^■Pjmmffn^mP'niP "H^ttW" ( ^7) troueeks on its Weft-fide ; the other comes al« moft direQly from the Eaft, and proceeds from 4 Morafle within ^ Miles of the Ri- ver Mismihaf which empties itfelf into the fame Lake. On the South-Eaft-fide, there is an ea(y Communication between thefe two Rivers, by a Land-Carriage of 2 Leagues, about 50 Miles to the South-Eaft of. the foremention'd Lake. The Cpurfe of this River from its Head exceeds 400 Miles, Navigable above half way by Ships, and mod of the reft by Sloops, and large Boats or Barges. Many unall Rivers run into it, and it forms 2 or 3 Lakes ; but one migh- tily extoffd, caird Pimitiouiy which is 20 Miles long, and 3 Miles broad; it afibrds great Quantities of good Fifli , and ihg Country round about it, abounds with Game, both Fowls and Beafts. Befides the Wcouecky are the Nations ProuarUy the great Nation Cdfcdfqi/U and Cdracof/tMttoft ; and on the Northern Branch inhabit Fart of the Nation of the Mafcontens. On the South Eaft Bank of this River, Monfieur d.e la Sale erefted a Fort in the Year 1680, which he nam'd Creve-ccture ^ from the Grief which feiz'd him, on the Lois of one of his chief trading Barks rich- ly laden, and the Mutiny, and villanous In- trigues of fome of his Company, who firft at- tempted to poyfon, and afterwards defert him. This Fort ftands about half Way between C thereof IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^ A 1.0 1.1 11.25 itt lii |2.2 *- .. ■nut. '1.4 11 1.6 ^%. w /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 >^IST MAIN STRUT WMSTit.N.Y. U5M (716) «■/?.- 4503 ^ ^ ^ '^ ,^ f'^^ A.^ s"L.VJ!p!S«RSe- '■ '' ■*'»'"«r" :" the B^y of J/i?W^ jau4ijg?JM^^ and was fpf^ mcrly tjie yfual j|b^jSr the fr#<^(r J . in go- ing ^cji/of r^fUtiiSig^f^^ cither of thofc Places: ; mi MifiJm mP dScoverM ^ ^aVpAj/^-^l^^Spupe^^ MTWch^ Ri- vcri^, af$. a^ frqm xht l^]fc'Ene^ (^{(mpK^ wfefcli eat^r in- i fair ^^yjfr, wnm.o^if People .w^f^ at the Mqij^lO^^^^^^^ bult ; cM^ /i^Ot 1 learn Jt^ JsFame. yljilfa y^^ are a^eh^y ajbojiit ^al^gues. morcji^d^cvi ri>j..^^ C# wi^b the AKfchacebef tlic 'BAver ' Mijcpnfiag. This » nmchr^f the fam» Niture with that .of the Jliiomeks^ whether you confider its Breadth, Depttji and Courfe';^ a$'al^ th« Pleafantnefi^ a;nd Fertility of the. Country, ad^cent unto aD its Biranches* After you hav^ i:pw'd or lailM up it do Miles, joyns \yith it,, the River of t\\t Kjk^f(>¥'^^ which is alfb Navi- gable, and comes a great Way from the North-Eaft. Eighty Miles further, almoft dircftly Eaft; tliere is a ready Communi- cation, '•'■ !»»f'' cation, 'by a Carriage of 2 Leagues, with the River of MiJ€{m*quij which nath a quite contrary Gourfe, running to the N^h»Bafl:| and empties itfelf, afler a Plj^g^w^i: 150 Miles from the Land Carriage, intoj^lg^^ Bay of the PouteoUotmis^ or the ^mimt^ which joyhs, on the North-Weft, with the great Lake of tht AUnouecks. This River and Bky I fhall have Occafion to mention, when t come to defcribe the vaftUikes, or Seas of Frefti-Water, which are totheJBaft' of the Mefihacthe. ' Forqr Leagues highct, on the fame Sidei is the fair large KWtt Mttchdoywa^ which isS the feme the Bi^ihrdn le Homm^ calls the long River, and gives a very particular De- fcription thereof, having navigated it almoft to its Heads. It has aCourfe of above 500 Miles, and the Southern Rivers, of which it is cbtnposM, are near the Northern Heads of the Rtver of the Mejfouritts^ both taking their Origipal from die Mountains, which di« vide this Country, from that which leads to the South Su. Several Rivers proceed from the other fide of the Mountains, wliich arc eafily pais'd in lefs than one Day, and fell in^ to the (ame Lake abovemention'd, which diP charges itfelf by a great River into the afore- Hid Sea. As you afcend this River from the MfMmb'^ you meet with the Nations £a/(r(?r£»% EljAm/tpey G^^afiur/es, who have each many Towns, and very populous. And the faid Bsrott acquaints us, from very good Infor- C 2 matic % • .-■■■^i«irv-iiiijn xw.-rr-- -'' '.'w '.wu'wy ''*"^n7'^n«Pn9*mm ( 20 ) mation; That beyond theft Hills^ are Two or Three Mighty Nations, under Potent Kings, abundantly more civiiiz'd, numerous, and warUkey than their Neighbours, diffe* ring greatly in Cuftoms, Buildings, and Go- vernment, fi-om all the other Natives of this Northern Continent : That they arc cloath- ^d, and build }loufes, and Ships^ Hke £«- fofeansy having many of great Bigne^, in length 120 or 130 Foot, and carry from 2, to ^00 Men, wmch navigate the great Lake, and it is thought the adjacent Parts of the Ocean. And Herrera^ Gomara^ and fome other Spdiiifi Hiftoriographers affcrt, that the Sf4nUrds faw, upon that Coaft, fuch Ships, which they apprehended, came from '^Afgn or Chind, A little higher up is the River Chshadehf above which the idefchaceh makes a fine Lake, 20 Miles long, and S or 10 broads Nine or 10 Miles above tliat Lake, on the Baft-fide, is a krge &ir River call'd the River of TortoifeSy attcr you have enter- ed a little Way, which leads far into the Country to the North-Eaft, and is naviga- ble by the greateft Boats 40 Miles. About the fame Diuance further up, the Mefclmebe is precipitated from the Rocks about 50 Foot, but is fo ^r Navigable by confidera- ble Ships, as alfo beyond, excepting another Fall 80 or 90 Miles higher, by hfge Veffek unto its Sources , which are in the Coun- try of the Sieuxj not at a very great Di- fl:ance .jimtmrnm^- "w-n^nj^^ip^^* ^^PffHWUpill ,( 21 ) A^cje from Hudfonh Bay. There are many iother finaller Rivers which fall into the Af#/- ehdeebe^ Ojfi both Sides of it^ but being of ^ little Note^ jand the Defcription of them of Imall Coiifequence^ I have paisM them over in Silence. (S^'cs^s^^sfSig^tss}^^ CHAP. n. tA Defcription of the Com^ tries y People y Rivers^ Bays, Harhours andlflands^ to the Eafi qf the Mefchacebe, which do not communicate ^ith it. NOW proceed to defcribe that Part of this Province, which is to the Eaft of the Mefchacehe ; the Rivers, which pafs through ic, having no Communica- tion therewith. From the PeninfuU of florida^ whf re this Country begins, to the South-Eaft, ihere are only two large Rivers: The Firft that of Pdache^ the true hdiapt Name, by the SpunUrds call'd the Ri^er of P|!|l I' I »■ 'W)P|PPRt-'"-^l*' W '■'««' ., ,,,„v.,iwwrvvii|jii|]pfiiij|i|iyil|pii||lJMSj(llil|jij.l|.ll ( 22 > Sfirito Sdfito or of Jpdaghe ^ adding an -<^, after the, -^^^ww manner, froin wlijch a great :^-t of their Language fe derivM ; as in th^ Provinces of NiUoy MmoU^ they pro- nounce^/y|/^<7> and ^mfsoia, and fo in di- vers others. This River enters the Gulph of Mexico about loo Miles from the Cod of the Bay of PaUche^ at the North-Weft End of the PeninJuU of Fioridn^ in ^o Degrees of North Latitude, and ibme few Minutes. It is fomewhat hard to find, by Reafon of the Ifles and Lagunes before it; and though a ftately River, and cohies far out of the Country, hath not above 2 Fathoms, and a half, or 3 Fathoins Water at moft On thfe Barr, as the People fent on Difcovery found ; but that being pafeM its very deep and lar^^ ; ind the Tife flows higher thail into any other River upon all the Cosiift, fome amrm 50 Miles, Which is no wonder, the Coantry.i)eing a^perfieftXevel, and the Ri- ver having a double Current ; one from the South, all along the FenwjuU^^ from 25 De- grees to 30 : The other from the Weft. Near it, on ^ both Sid^s towards the Sea-Coaft, dwell divers Nations, FaUchees^ Chattoes^ SuU iffggo/^9 Tomf»4keesy Src ; who are generally caffdby one Nariie oi Jp^itatehj Tfidiam.Tim River proceeds chiefly from Rivers, Which have their Origin on jhe South Or South- Weft fide of the great Ridge of Hills, that divides this Country from Carolmay and is iiippo^'d to liave a Courfe of aUOut 4oci T«^r^'^pr^ '■ ")VTWJI8J;,^nw,»«HjJ!JW,JiJ^-(^,i(JmJ!,lw ^^ IF^pi^^^^ WP the great Nations o( &ii&€ufslMa^^i'ti^lliBoM^ fies and"il^<^ki.-^''^**^^-^-''^^ ^-^^ , V'lOuV'' i' To th^ ureft rf^s^^< -lil'^jtfe-lfitobiis CotSy or as Oirt*^ c^^it ^feteCeWtiT^ ^Rivef, and tH i^iffck i^fle^W^^^^^ xM- to Mffiffdceity airid fftW^, '^t ^ny fii this, or the Neighbouring Prpvinces. . Its firft Heads are Irkendfe fi^ni Hite aforeiaid Pf/4. ihesu Mcmiitains. The thbft Noitherfy be- ing ztGnaxtiU To^^.and Pix)\^ince, near the Poot of the Wourttiin. Many Rivblets unitmg^ dfter i Qihrfe df 80 Miles^ form ^ Rivter bigger thari the TySii^i^' '^| -^iTg- Af)», fliai^g feveratdelWom fflef^l fertk j, or 4 Mites lohg, aid ^IB!»i,' betweien a Mufcte and Oyfterj concerning whidh I have di(cours'4 in the Account m tht Produccs^ 6r Gon^ modifies of this Cotrntfy. Prorti thence the River grows Mrger arid deeper; by Ac- ceffion of others ftoni^^ the Mountains, and from the Weft, until it enters the'Provmcc of Coza^ or Cveen. " Their Graparies were full of Indian Corn, ^^ and other Edibles; io populous, that then: " Towns and FieUs, fbw'd ^iii^ith Corn, ** touchy each other ; the Country is very " agreeable, by Reafon pf many Rivulets, which make lovely Meadows. There grow naturally in the Fields, Prunes, better th^n we call m ^f^in produce by Cul- ^* ture, evai in our Gardens. Vines mount, ' in almofl all Places near the Rivers, to tl|e Tpps of the Trees. There are divert Oth?r Sorts of Vines which are low, and fcnie run upon the Ground, and by cul- tivating inight be wonderfully improv'd, tho' very good and ple^fant, a? tliey ar^ ** in the jr natural State, " Below thefe on the fame River, are th^ VBibdlmy pr as feme, the OUbahdies and according to the french the AllibMmcus : And below them the Talbfes^ who d^ell upon ^ feir River which enters that of Coza from the Ea^n^ thence to the onf^e great Pt:ovincQ 0f TajcMluza^ almoft deftroy'd by ferdinan- "'~'^""'w^y ■iwji. jw—f .11 ir'T-'. "-^ • 1 v Ae^glfjb C9& MsubeUy and the Trench M9t hiUy is yet la Being, tho^ far ihort of it^ fi)rmer Grandeur. About loo Miles fro^l hence, it enters the Gulph of Mexico^ being firft increased, as by maily fmall Rivers and Rivulets, fo,by the fair River of the Cto- /^, which is made by a Colledion of feve- ral other little Streams and Rivers^ and which at length form a fine River that would feem confiderable, if it were not obfcur'd by the great River in which it is loft. This migh- ty Nation of the Chattas confiftirig of near jooo Fighting Men, live chiefly about the Middle of the River, and is not far from the Ci&iV4iiiV, whom I mention''d to inhabit 30 or 40 Towns, in the Defcription of the Caf^ qtti or Cufates River, and fpeak the fame Language. And to the Eaft between them and the Cozas^ are t\\€ BecAes or Meeaef^ >vho have 1 3 Towns, and dwell upon di- vers finall Rivers, which run into the Ccaf* yi. It is a very pleafant Country, like that of the Cozay full of Hills and VaUies ; their Ground is generally more marly, or fatter than many other Provinces, which are moft- ly of a Ughter Mould. And a little more to the South-Weft, between the Becaes and ChatL tafy dwell in divers Towns, being 500 Fight- ing Men, the EwemaUsy upon a fair River of their Name, which coming from the Eaf^, mixes with the O///^. This miglity River enters the Gulph of Mexica, about 1 5 Leag. to the Weft of the great Bay of Najfau oi* '\ * ■'■ ' ^ « • Spirita tllUiwi iuM»»i^' ,"».i"T?»^|i^iW WIIWI I III «!lf',i'"PH*iii'i rar^ .'!fL)J5W'^™l'JW«f'!"i'l,'»l« ,5^>/># 5i»/e7, or from the N. E, Cajfe of Mirtle Ifle, which i$ tl^ South Land, be- tween Which, and the Cootinent to the North, is the Entrance of tlm vaft Iniet. The River runs into a Kind of a Lagu/te pr Bay, which is barred 4 Miles from the ^outh of the River, fupposM to be occa-r iion'd, as the Mejchafebty m lon^ Proce6 of Time, by the Silt or Sediment ot tlid Watier , this being ahnofl: as muddy, coniiim, for fhe moftPart, thro* a ri<;h Clay or Marie; \6 that at the Barr, when it is Low-Water (and it flows little there ; excepting the South Wind drive in a great Sea) thdre is not abov^ 14 or 15 Foot; but the Moutn being fome Mil^s Broad, and our Peoplcfnot ^avii^g Leifure to examine nicely, perhaps there may be found deeper Places upon Ot thcr Parts of the Barr ; but fo foon as you are over it, there is a mofr noble Harbour, very large, from 4 to 6 Fathom Depth, Near the Mouth of this River the French have lately made a new Settlement, calPd Fort LoutSy which is the ufu^l Refidence ^i the Chief Governor of Lctui4(ia/jMy who is neverthelefs fubordinate to him of Canada, Jn this Fort are ibme Companies of Soldi- ers, and from thence Detachments are fent to fecure the feveral Stations, they have a^? mongft: the Indians m the Inland Parts. As tht Vllibalys or AliibMynottSy QhicAZiSy and Chatuesy are the moft populous and Potent ]^ations upon and bet>yeen this River arid the Mefchdcehf the EffgUfi for feveral Ycar^ refid^d peaceably amoi^, carry'd on i* confiderable, Trade yfith, ana were as Frieijd^' kindly entertauiM by them^ till about the! Vear 1715. by the Intrigues and IfraGice^ of the Fremkj they were tidier miirthery,* or obliged to retiire, and make Iloom for, |:hofe new Intruders, who have fince un-| gftly pofleis'd and fortiifyM tlie^ very fame Stations, in order to keep t Fie Natives in Awe and Subjedion, and to iput ojfF the Communication of the Efiglffi Traders with the /W/4«i thereabouts, and as far as, and! beyond the Mefchacabe • whereby they have fecur'd to themfelyes an extenliye and pro.;r fitable Trade of above $00 Miles, wliich the Subjeds of Great Britaiu ^yere a few Year§ ago the Sole ]\4afl; MM therefore knew hottheSreadithi They kept/, near the Latitude of 29 Degt^ees^ the Depdis^^' generally as follows, 7, 8^. 9, 8, 7, 6 Fa* V thom : At length they Came to ihe Bot«»/ torn of the Bay or Gulph^ ff om wfaf nee they return'd unto the Wcfterfy firanch of the: ^ From the River M/«/&^^^y uilto the Bar-u torn of the Bay are innunherable fine findl^ Rivto, very pleaiant : Great Store of -Bu^ Siloes or wild Kine frequent them ta that very Sea-fide, as alfo Deer of divers. Sorts^j wild Turkies^ and many other krgc Wafcer and Sea-Fowl \ the Coail abomids with good Fifli; but I caimot learn there are above Four very large Rivers, ^nd of long3 Gourfc; - -^ -'»j ^^^ ; .. ' 1 ,.,.., The fiift and gr^ateft is th^ of the Q^^- matinms^ or of the Coenis^ a great and po«fi pulous Nation, who dwell in Forty or Fiftyl Villages upon the Middle of this River^ andt others which run into it. They are about; ^"vt Days Journey diftant from the Habita- tions of the SfuniArds and near 2^0 Miles from the Sea, into which the River empties itfelf, about 80 Leagues to the Weft of the Mefchscebe ; it is broad, deep, anc! Naviga- ble almoft to its Heads, which chiefly pro- ceed from the Ridge of Hills that feparate this Province from Netv Mexico: And its North Weft Branches , approach near the South-Weft Branches of the River of the HQumas* There dwell upon it, more to^ D ? ward? (t#) wards its Mouthy :^iw» other. Nations , whofe Nam^ are uiH^noi^iir ^P^uig the TsrskMSi fyc4fPdffSy FdUgueffetBS and t donna : AU thefo Nations have ^ood Ko^eSf ^ About )0 XiCagoes further to thf South of thfi Weft, is the River of ^he KjrpnonM^ who with divers other Nations dwell there-* upoiU It is little lefi than that of the Kjh t/^MmsjAnd ais that hath its Sources in die Mountains of Nem JS^xieo^ the Courfe of this IS IMcewife from the N- W. until it enters Between this and the aforefaid River of Qu9inm$mics or Cotnis , Ijes the Bay of St. fi«r»4r^ calPd by Moi^kur de U SaSe^ 1 ^ Bay of St. LimUf and a River that falls into it he nam'd the River of Vaches, In the Y«ar i68;. he built there a Fort (after he had purpofely, as it is iaid, overlhot the Mottih of the River Mefdhicebt) having formed a Defi^n from thence to vifit the IVftoes of St. Birkt inNem BifsAy^ which were noe m«idh^ above joo Miles diftaiit. But one hi his Ve^b returning to FrAnce^ and tlie othei Three being \m with great Part of bis Stores, AmniumUOQ and Provifions; widia^ filing ia hjs Attempt to engajge the |«iir4xiiJn his Party andlncereft, who, inftead of Friends^ proved hi^moitcal £nen>ies, con-r linualfly fculking about iiis infant Settlement, ^nd dieftroyiing many of his People, he wa^ iMg^B CO delift from that Enterprxze, He ^r^yd^ ^|th Twenty fhofen Men w^nt "Hi'»iwt> — -"wmmw (39) by Land in fcarch of the River Mefihscehe^'ui ^hich Attempt he loft his Life, behg bar« baroufly murther'd by fome of his own Fpj^ Idwers. This Port was foon after taken aim dfcftrpy'd by the SfdnUrds and Indians^ aQ the freheh reniaining therein, being either Kll'd or made Prifoners. ■ ) ,g^ ; ,j . ,r:i .^, , About thfe i^mc Diftance fijitncr S. w. is the River of the Bifiateroh^s^ which £5 of the fame Magnitude with die former, hath the fame Courfe from the N. W. to the Sca^ ^hd its Heads from the fame Mountains, .^ The laft River of l^Iote is a River of i](iuc^ the fame Bignefs with the two prec^c Md enters the Bay o{ Mexte^ at thq N, Bnd, between the Degrees of 27 and 28, it h a^ni^d Akfdts. ,; It iiiay not be amifs to mention another River, which altho' it be not within the Bounds of this Colony, may be of great p&f when it is w^U eftablifh'd, by Rcafon of the Conveniency of Tratfcfc with the Spar niardfy it being near the aforelaid fampus Mines of New^ifcayy 2l large Province lying between Mexico and New Mexico. Thu ftatelv River hath its Fountains, in tlie moft Northerly Parts of New Mexico 'm the Lati* tude of 38 Degrees, and being gradualjv increas'd by the Conflux of many friiaU Waters^ becomes large and Navigable, till it approaches the 30th Degree; then it turns to the S. E. and enters a Parcel of high Mountains, from whence it is no fur- D 4 ther ther Navigable j it is call'd by the Sfdfiidrds^ Rio Bravo. They differ in their Accounts tereof J fomc amrming it is fwallow*d up in a hideous Gulph, and palTes Three Days fourney under the Earth, like their great BJver Guttdtan* in Sfnin^ of which their. fa-» mous Embaflador Gundamore faid, when ask- cd, Whether his Mafter could fhew fuch a Bridge ^s that over thR, Thames at London^ that h^ had a Bridge upon which many Hundred Thoufand Sheep daily fed. Other? write that the River doth not dive under tirolind 9 but paiTes among Rocks full of ftreiight Paflages^ with ipany Catar^£ts \ thai after jt has broke its Way through, it glides very placidljr crofs a level (country ioc a 1 50 Miles, beii^ both large and dee^, and at length empties itfelf into a broad and long Lagune^ which is Navigable, with two or three Paflkges into it, betwecp the Iflands that form it, and whofe Entrance^ are at Ipaft between j and 4 Fathom deep. I have a Jourml of Captain Parker, who ia the Year 1688, wa^ there with, Two Ships: One very large in fcarch of a Spamfi Wreck, but, will not trouble my Reader with th^ Relation of what there happen'd to thep. All Accounts agree this Country is well wa- ;fered, that it abounds with vaft Quantities of Wild Kine, the Spaniards call Cihotas^ iu|e} is fruitful, pleafant ^nd popu|pus^ eH4P, jfrntm"'^ ' ■ " uiN.iHii«npiNpi* grcc River of the Oiaouuks, dnce a gteie Katibn, but now almoft extirpated by the i^reratd Iroeoiiy which after a Courfe of $Q0 Leag. brings you to tiie Ifland and City of MontruU , the next for Bignefs and Strength to Quehecy the Capital of Canadd^ and there >oihs with the great River of St. L$urtffc^ \ i^aea. the Junfbure of thofe Two Rivers to Qucbecy is 60 Leagues. Both Sides of the River are inhabited all the Way in Plantations very little remote from each other ; befides Two or Three fmall Towns ^nd Fortifications. Such another Communi- cation there is, though much more eaf^^ of which I fhall difcourfe at large, when ' { come to defcribe the lovely PeninfuU of Erie, Towards the lower End of the South- l^eft Continent, is the large and fair Bay of Sakmum , which is about Fifty Miles deep and 18 wide, and in the Middle of the Opening are Two Ifles very advan- tageoudy fituated, for Ihehring Boats or 0- ther VelTcls, that liappen to be furprizM with a Storm ; there being no other Har- bour within divers Leagues. Into the Bottom of this Bay empties itfeit> after aCourfe of 60 leagues, a very ftiil quiet Stream, excepting Three fmall Falls, pafs'd eafily and without the leafl; Danger. On this River and the Branches thereof, is one of the greateil Bedvour Huntings in America. Twenty ](^eagu^ from thi$ Bay to the Soutb^Baft, this i^h La Circiin Erie b when of the KjLftgn towarc ( 47 ) tf^is Lake, wjiich is above 400 Leagues (a Circumference, empties itfclf into the Lake Efie by a Channel, which I fhall defcrib^ when I have given an Accoujjt of theLak^ of the lUinouecks^ which is to the Weft of Kjregnondiy and communicates therewith ^ towards the N. W. End, by a Streight, 9 or ID Miles long, and 3 or 4 broad. The Breadth of it on the North Coaft, is 40 Leag. but it ipcreafes gradually in Breadth^ till you come to the Bottom of the Bay. The North-fide, is in the Latitude of 45 and JO Mi^iutes ; the Sou(h in almoft 42 Degrees. Forty Leagues from the Entrance due Weft, it makes the great Bay of the Poutouotdmuiy a Nation who inhabit a large Country upon, and to the South of thfe Bay, which is 8 Leagues broad, and jo Leagues deep. South and by Weft, the Eii- trance being full of Iflands. And into th6 Bottom comes the feir River Mrficuaqufy af- ter a Courfe of 200 Miles. This River h remarkable upon divers Accounts : Firft when you are afcended it 50 Leagues, there is a Carriage of a little above a League and a h^lf^ afterwards you meet with the lovely River Mejconfwgy which carries you down into the mcjihacebe^ as I before de- clar'd. Next upon this River efpecially near the Carriage, is a Country famous for Ben" vour Hqnting like that of Sdkmam, Yoji muft know, tliat moft Parts of North-Jme- rica have Bfavours 5 you Ihall fcarce meet with ifm (+8) with a Lake^ where there arc not feme of their Dams and Hutts. But . thefe two Places 1 have mentiorfd, and others I fhall fpeak of hereafter, are Countries 40 or 50 Miles long, abounding with fmali Rivers and Ri- vulets, wherewith they make their Dams or Cawfways ; and confequently fmall Lakes> feated opportunely Tor Wood to build, and produces plentifully fuch Plants and young Trees, upon which they moftly fubfift. This is chiefly poffefsM by the induArious and va*- liant Nation of the Outogamis. Thirdly^ This River and others entering thereinto, abound in that Corn call'd MMwin^ which grow^ in the Water in marfhy wet Places, as Rice in the 7W/>r, Turkey 2ind Carolifia^ 8rc: But much more like our Oats, only longer, big- ger, and better, than either that, or Mian Corn, and is the chief Food of many Na- tions hereabouts and elfewhere. The Nati- tions who dwell on this River, are OutogA' misy MalominUj Nikic^ Oualeanicouy Sacky^ and the PoutouAtamis beforemention'd. On the Eaft-fide of this Lake, about 20 Leagues from the Streight by which it en- ters Kjregnoniiy is a Bay call'd B^^r Eiy^ and a River of the fame Name, becaufe of great Numbers of thofc Animals, who haunt thofe Parts. This River comes out of a Ridge of Hills near 100 Leagues long, be- f inning almoft at the North End of this ^eninjuUy out of which flow abundance of fmall Rivers ; thofe, whofe Courfe is to , the PK.i|jJoilj»jp»W;"' -Jiupy'^p^ ^.l p j^,K iiipppj jf ^^ ■f» Ti*^< ,■!; '^ ( 49 ) the Eafty empty themfelves into the Lake K^regiiondu Thofe to the Weft, into that of the Alinoftecks. The Top of this Ridge of Hills is flat, from whence there is a'ck- licious Profpeft into both Lakes , and le- vel as a Taraffe-Walk. There is a great Be^er Hunting, like thofe I formerly men- tion'd, upon^f4r River^ which hathaCouHe of 40 or $0 Leagues. On the Weft-fide of the Lake, before you come to the Bottom, is a Harbour capable of fmall Ships ; and there enters into it a fmall River, which at 2 Leagues dlftance, appi-oaches the River Che^ fAoou , the North Branch of the River of the Aninouttks , which is , from the main Branch of the faid River 50 Miles. Near the Bottdm of the Bay on the Eaft-iide, is the fair River of the Midmihat (fo call'd be- caufe upon it lives Part of a Nation bearing the fame Name) which in its Pailage comes within 2 Leagues of the great Eafterly Branch of the River of the AlUnoMeckiy and its Springs are very near the Heads of fome Rivers which enter the OuahachL ^ Mon- iieur de la Sulle on his firft Arrival in this River, which was about the Year 1679. finding it admirably well fituated for Trade, and the Country furroundlng it extremely pleafant and fertil, artfully gain'd the Per- miflion of the Natives to build a Fort there- under the fpecious Pretence of pfoteft- m ing them from the Infults of the EngUfb and Irocois^ whom he reprefented a$ cruel and a treacbi?- '-f-^ (50) treacherous Eifemies , continually plotting the Deftru£Won of them, and all the Indians round about. In thi^ Fort was formerly a great Magazine and Stcrehoufe for all Sorts 0^ European GooAsj and hither the. Traders and Savages continually reforted to purchafe them. It commanded the Entrance into the Lake^ and kept all the Neighbouring Jndi- MS in A\ye and Subje£tion. Nations to the Weft of this Lake, befides the beforemen- iiov^Ay are Part of the Outogamis^ Mafcou* tens and Kikpouz, ; then the Jhoves^ the Cafcafchia^ and a little to the South-Weft of the Bottom of tliis Lake, and more to th^ North,^ the Anthontdnsy and Part of tlae A/^/- cout^ns , near the River Mtfconfw^. . Tlie Countries furrounding this Lake, efpecially towards the South, arc very charming to the Ey^, tlie Meadows, Fruit-Trees andFor- refts, together with the Fowls, wild Beafts, ^(i. affording moft Things neceffar^ for the Support and Comfort of Life, behdes Indi^ snfboTTiy with which the Natives abound ; and European Fruits, Grains , and all other ufefiil Vegetables, by Reafon of the Good- nefs of the Soil, and Mildhefs of the Cli- mate, would certainly thrive there, as well as in their Native Countries. But above all, the South Parts of the Countries bordering on this Lake, feem naturally difposM to pro- duce admirable Vines, wliich being duly cul- fivated, excellent Wines might be made of the Fruits thereof, they growing naturafly ">'».;•«.«< 4 t'fc Ul not ufel mi mi wl th< H( l4tl iPHPPPiii^"«pw"Pwiipp^^i^ "WVP**"^ (50 in vaft Numbers of divers Sorts, ibme ram- ping up to tlieTops of thehigbeft.Triftes ; others running upon the Ground': The Grapjss are fome very fwU, others wonder- My Mrge, big as Damfons/ and iKiaiiy pf a Middle Size, of diyers Colours apd Tailes ; they are all good to eat, Only fome, which other wife promife very well , have great Stones or Kernels and tough Skuis, wbidi certainly would be remedied by due Cid* Cure. But of the Wprft doubtlefs good Brandy mi^lit be madie, were there Artifts and conyciuept Vetkk forjpreflipg, fermeop- ing and 4iftilling. . ..> ^ . There ramble ap6ut in great Herds, ?- fpcpally about the Bottom of this I^i^e^ j«* finite Quantities of Wild Kine* Some Hm'^ dreds ufually together, which i^ a |;reat Part of the SubuQance pf the Sam^ wjho live unon them while the SeafoA ottfmtt- ing lafts ; for at thofe Twes tk&f leave their Towns quite empty* They have .a Way of preferving theu* Flelh without Salt 6 or ,8 Months, which both looks, and esits fy frelh, Stransers apprehended the C^jttle ha4 not been kill'd one Week. Befides, th^y ufe the Hair, or rather Wool, cut pff theif Hides, for Garments, and Beds, and fpin jc into Yarn, of which they make great Bag?, wherein they put the Flelh they kill, after they luve cured it, to bring Hoxxke to thej(r Houfes ; for their Huntings are from tbe kittcir Bad of Autumn^ when the Cattle ar^ E 2 fat. (5») fat, to the begiAnuig of the Spring, dUd o( the Hides drefs'd they make Shoes ^4 , But, its Time U rounding it ia the ynivprfcv Jt i^ not in- deed io deep as the qtJ^ers, vet is in aU Places Navigable by tlie grisateit Shijg^ there beiog fddom lefs then lo Dr 19 F^otxi Water. The Land round about it \% per- bS^'j level, abounding with Trees ^/botli for Timber and Fruit, fo happily plac'd that One would be apt to apprehend it to be a Work of great Art, and contrived to declare the Qjrajod^vir and Magi^ificeoce of fome 8Ughty Enaperor, and not of Na|:ure^ Abunr dance of fmall pretty Rivers, dilcharg^s them- felves thereinto, amongd which are Four very confiderabie and remarkable. One about 10 Leagues from the Entrance of the Canal, in the Bottom of the Welt End of the Lake, that liath a Courfe of ^o Lc;agues, and its Head v^ry near the River of the MUmihas^ wliich runs into the S. £. Side of the Lake of the lUiwueekSf by Means whereof there is a ihort and eafy Communication therewith , Whicli by Water is above i6po Miles. Fifty Miles further to the ^litli, at tli^ fam^ Weft End of this Lake, is another Ri- ver much of the iapae &gnef^ and Length ; Sind about and between tl^efe two River?, every Year in the^ Seafoij, are Multitudes of the wild Kipe cair4 ^^^^^'^r At the S. E. pnd of the Lake there is a Third River which has its Rife very near the great SufyuthArmth River, which waters Part of Pg^fiivamdj an4 afterwards f mpties itfclf into the North-Ead of tlii^ ^ay of E J C*c/f» ($4) Ch^fejeik ih MsriUndi And 20 L^gues S. WefttJrly i^ anotncr lair River which Comes iieaf 56 'Leagues out of the Country j from ^hofe^ead, which ifliies from a Lake, is but a fliort Ciitt tb the River Hohio ^ from whence to 4 Branch of the aforeiaid SitfyuthMn^hh River is about i League. iff thefe two lafr mentioned River^ the Etf^ltfi may haVe a ready and eafy Com- mi^catibn with this and conftquently lyith all tte other Lakes, tf the French fhould ever tettle tliereOn, Whfch for above Twenty Yeai« they have endfevoured^ but have been, in great Meafure, wonderfully fruftra>. ted by the Iroecis our Subjefts &t Allies, they might greatly moleft, by thepifelves and theit hdtkffs, the Colonies of i\fetr-Te Middle 25 or 30 broad, being of an Oval Figure. The Name of this Lake in the Irocois Language (that Nation bordering upon it to the South) fignifies the pleafant or beautiful Lake, as it may be defervedly ftil'd ; the Country round it being very champain, fertil, and every 2 or J Miles waterM with fine Rivulets : It has on the South-fide three fair Rivers ; that next the Fall coming out of the Coun- , E 4 ^T m^ ■■ppppni (5<) try of the SaummcvMs^ die Mi^lc one from; the OtiMtMgts^ and its Origin from a Lake, within a League of their Capital 'Voy/ti Ononugue J made up of man^ little Rivers and Rivulets, being 40 Miles in Circumference, abouiidiog with Fifli of di- vers Sorts with ibme Salt-fpriog^ $ntring into it. After th^ River hath pajsM a Mile from the Lake, it receives ano|h^ coming from the Weft out of the Province of the OnioetSy yfho are Neighbours to the Sonnon' tovansj in whole Country the Head of this River fprings. About xo Miles lower it is increased by a f^iir deep River, whict^ comes, from the Eaft, out of tlje Countfy of the Oneiouhj one of the five Nations, Otuated between the Ononf^es and the Mohaeks^ [who dwell in Three Towns on a fair River, which ru^s, after a Courfe of 100 Miles, ii^tp HudfoM^s River near JUfMfty. f he Ri- ver of the Oftofftdguesy^ ^ntefs the liike On- urio 50 Miles from the littlp Lake whence it derives its Origin. Twenty Leagues to the Eaft, is another River fomewhat Icf^, but Nayigable by Sloops, and large ^oats a ::on(idprab(e W^y into the Cb\intry, About the iame Diftance likewife to the Eaft, the Lake forms a great River, >yhigh the Fnmh call the River of the Irofou; but the Natives Kjinadart^ which fojr the Space of 60 Miles is very broad, full of fine iflagds^ and ryns quietly j then is jnter^iu^t- (57) pi in k$ CeMrie by itfjvers FaDs fucceffive- jy ; fome very deep and lon^ , for above loo Milesy ilnfjl it meec$ with the great River of the Outwiih^ at the Epd of the Ifland and Ci^ ipf M^mrtd^ aiod tx)gether with that inake$ the River of CMAds or ^^ Lditret$te^ fb jiamM by the Fretttk^ becaiift difeoverM oa the Pay dedj^atpd to his Me- D^orial. The North-part of the Lake Qf/tsrh ms formerly poflels'd by Two Tribes of thp lraco$fj who were in Time of perfej^ Peace, without the leaft Provocation, but only to get their Country^ deftroy'd, enflav^l, pf i^nt tQ FfMciy flind put into the Callies \ of xvhich you may rpd at brge in the Journals of the B»09t U Hmtm^ an impar- tial and judicious Author , y^ho faw and relates that Tragedy with much Indigna- tion. The Nation of the IrtKoUy as the^ are calFd by the frtnch^ for what Realbn I jcould never learn, who inhabit the South- part of the Country are ftiFd by the Eng- ifjh^ the five Nation;, being fo many, du &in& in Name, and Habitations, from each other ; But IcaguM by a moft ftrift Confe- deracy, like the Cantons oi $^vitzerUn(i\ wliich they frequently in a very folenui manner renew[; Efpecially fince the French gre\y powerful in ' their Neighbowrhood . They have always been an excellent and uftfUl P^rrier between lis and tlieip, b?ing ready ■IPI mmmm (0) ready, on aill^ Occafiods, ' upon the moft flender lAvitatit>tisy and die teaft Affiftance, to moleil: 4nd invade thei^V 'Unto whom, they are the moft irreconcileable Enemies, and I think' upon good Grounds ; although the Fremh fay^the mrdeft "Things imaginable againfl them; bud I bellev« imto any im* partial Judg^- tHey "will iapp^ar m6re blames able themfelves. The Original of this En- mity proceedi^ jrom the BfififcifywhOj iiibout lob Years (ihce, fettled* ti^ the Place, now their Capita! , cair4 Qfebak. The IreeoU knowing of the Frend Httle Habitation ^where were not above^por^ Men) came according to tf^'r ufual- Manner, being a^ bout 200 of thei^ {>rimLi9 'Youth, undet an efteemM Ca^idtf to war fltgaiti[ft the Aigoff- quinsy tlien a very po^ukms^ Nation ; ^nA to ihew their Contencipt ^1 them , made a Fort on the South-fide of the River, fjefore they who dwelt on the North-fide could gather into a Body, Their Habitati^ pns or Villages being fomewhat remote from each other : But iiaving drawn th^r Forces together in great Numbers, they at- tacked the Iroem^ who always valiantly re- puls'd them, with great Lptfes to their E- iiemies and little unto themfeives, Where- vpon the Algonkins had recdurfe unto the trench, defiring th^y would aflift them with their Thunder and Lightning, darting En- gines. They readily qomply'd, and did Juch Execution with their Guns, (whichjbe- 7SJ mfimmmm^!^ mmifmifmii. i.i ■W «!SW! (59) Ing altogether new and very furprjzing or rather altonilhlng) that the irero/j were di& comfitedy not above Two or Three efcaping to give a^x Account thereof to their QwnCoun«i^ trymen, who by Tradition have propagated the Story to Pofterjty ; which may, in Ibme ^eafure^ excufe the irreconcileabte Enmity, this Natioii liath conceived againft the Freitch, between whom there hav^ been formerly al«< pofl: i,onftant W^rs> accoinpai\ied witli vari-^ Ous Events: The Frefteh mt}^ their Allien endeavouring to extirpate thetni who have hitherto bravely defended themfelves ; tlie EjigU/b for their Furrs fupplying them witli Ammunition, and duiing Tin^e of War with the French^ powerfulljr affifting tliem. They have been a very ufeiul farrier, an4 without their help I^ew-Tork^ s^nd probably other Neighbouring Proyince§i had long fince been poffeft'd by t\\^ trenfh^ having been very flenderly aided |ron^ EngUnd, The Frtneh in all tlicir Writings concernr ing CdnadSf make many tragical j^elations 0^ and Exclamations againfl the barbarous Cruelties of this Nation exercis'd upon them, and the Mi4irj their Allies ; but feldom tell us that the very fame Things are pra£tic'd by themfelves and their Indmns againft the Iroeoisj arid often daring Tipie of feace : For when the Iroc^is or five Nations, as we call then, were abandon'd by Order of King ChAfles II. towards the latter End of his; Reign, and during ^he ^holc Reign Qi IC " - ; "" ' ■■ *■ ■ ■ ' ^umeSy #r^'*iS' •^p-np (60 ) Jmis^ and obnoxious unto the Ref^ntmem^ of the i^efteh^ (The Ei^lilb being ftriftly ferbidden any ways to affift them; They xyere tinder a Neccdiity of making a very liifadvantageous Peace, whicl^ how perfidi- ibufly ic was broken, ma]^ be leen at large gthat faidtfui and judicious Hiftory oi the tmt U Hmdff. And had it not been for the Revolution in England ^ the Irocois had been to* tatl^ deftroyM, or fubjefted unto the Frtneh, wivch^ as I hinted before in the Preface, would have brai of dreadful Confequence to divei*s of our £»^/ij(Z^ Colonies, on th^ Continent.-Tis true, the Irocois have extirpated or fubjedbed feveral Nations of Indians round about them; but it hath been either becaufe they were in Confedel'acy with their Enemies, deftrpy- cd their Country, murther'd their People, hinderM them in their Beaver Hufiting (without which they could not fubfift) or ftirnifh*d their Enemies ^ith Furrs, which oocafionM the increafing the Numbers of the French frpm France^ and confequently threatned them with utter Ruin, when Ca* ffsda fhall be more populated from Europe, So that certainly the Mcafures they take for their own Prefervatipn and Security, ^re more innocent, and excufable, thai) thofe have been by the Frencl; Forty Years laft paft, exercisM in Europe^ whofe Wars have according to a modeft Calculation , pccafionM the Death of above Two Millions of their own (Jountry Pepple, and other £«• .roff4ns^ pppf9ppnRJJ.vii.' ■iiiijj|ii,^iu ^WHP^"*^ ■w II" "*l\f ^1 mjmmmm'-m^ (6t) foftsnsy and moft unjuftly invaded or grie- vouftj^ opprefs'd their Neighbours ; Diefire of increafing their Wealth, enlarging their Territories, or advancing the Glory of their Great Monarch, being the chief Caufes, tho* fome other flender and eafily confuted Pre» tences, have ibmetimes been alledgM. But to return unto the Irocois whom we caS Sufcjefts^of the Crown of £«g/W, they only ftiie theniffelves Brethren, Friends, Alliies, being a People hipiily tenacious of their Li- berty, and very impatient of the leaft In- croacliments thiefeon^ Thefe five Cantons v-r Nations, have fold, given, and in a vciy formal Publick manner, niade over and convey*d to the Englijf$ divers hrge Countries conquerM from the I/fdUnSy upon the South-fide of the great Lakes, as far as the Mefehdcehe , and the noble , beautifur, fertil FemnfuU fituated between the Three Middle Lakes : That of the Hurons to the Weftj OMario to the EaS, and £r/e to the South; a Country almoft as larse as Ea;^- idMd ^/irhcut Wdles'y admirably leatcd for TraBlck^ pleafant, healthful, and fertil, as any Fart of North-Amtriu ; and the Terri- tory to frhe South is of the lame Nature, and Cor^nes with th? Borders of out Pro- vince of Carolina^ which extends to all the Northrfide of the Gulph o^ Mexico. in,*A.\^ t CHAP. C IfW.'l' ' -'W^' «P"« -'ir Wiuii iiii.uniPMpqiiPfintppepnRMiqffii (<0 c Hap. Vt t/1 Ntii) and, Cutious Difco* covery and Relation of an eafy Communication betwixt the River Mefchacebc and the hjv ^h-Sea, which Jepa^ rates America from China!, by Means of feveral large Rivers and Lakes^ witi) 4 Defer iptim of the Cmfi of '* thefatdSea to the Str eights (f Uries. t^s alfo of a rich and confiderable Trade to be carried on from thence to Japan, China and Tar tary. T y^ill be one great Conveniency of this Country, if ever it comes to be fettled, that there is an eafy Com* munication therewith y and the South-Sed , which wm^mr^ Vfkkh lies between America and Ch'ma^ and that two Ways : By the North JBranch of the great Yellow River, by tbe Natives^ call d the, Riyec pf the MAfforifefy which hath a Courfe of 500 Miles, Navigable to its Heads or Sprlqgs, and which proceeds from a Ridge of Hills fomewhat North of NtwMexfcoy paflable by Horfe, Poot, or Wag* gon in lefs than half a Day. On the other Side are Rivers, which run into a great Lake, that empties itfelf by another great Navigable River into the South Sea. Tlie fame may be faid of the River Mefehaouaj^ up which our People have been, but not fo far as the Baroii le HonUn^ who pa&'d on it above 300 Miles aknoft due Weft, anc) declares it comes from the fame Ridge of Hills abovementionM ; and that divers Ri- vers from the other fide fooa make a larg^ River, which enters into a vaft Lake, on which inhabit Two or Tliree great Nati- ons, much more populous and civilizM than other JndtMs ; and out of chat Lake a great Rivsr difimbogues into the South Sedy which is doubtlefs the fame with that beforemen- tior/d, the Head of the Two Rivers being little diftant from each other. About Twelve or Fourteen Years fince, I had imparted unto me a Journal from a Gentleman admirably well skilled in Geo- graphy, qfpecially of America^ who had made thither divers Voyages from New Englatid^ and all our Engltfi Plantations in Amerka^ and and vi(itc(i rtioft Parts of the Gafoif of He^L eOf where h^ became acquainted with one Captain CoxtoM a iamous A-itrateer , who was towards the latter End Df the Reign of King Charles II. entertained in His Ma^ (ifs Service : But whether he Was difobl^- eoy or that his Genius fprompted hiiii to follow his old Trade, tupig with his Co- partner fitted up a Ship of Twenty-fix Guns , He failed to the 6outlhSesj with a Defkn to take the Ship, which comes an- nually from the MMiHias or F^%/«e Iflands in the Esft'Mies to JcMfuUo^ the Chief Port of Mexico ; which Ship, as he had been well inform^ , ufually made that Part of the Continent, that lies between ^afan and Ame^ ricA^ at a fitmous Port in 42 Degrees. But when he came to the Head of the Ifland, or FemnfmU of Cdlifornia ^it being too foon by fbme Months for the putting in Execu- tion his intended De(ign,) roma^ing the Coaft, he diicover'd a great River in about Degrees North^Latitude, which enterM a great Lake, near the Mouth whereof he found a very convenient Ifland, where he ftaid Two or Three Months to refit himfelf, happening to have a Man on board, who underftood the Language of the Country. The Natives finding he was engagM in an Expedition asainft the SpHftidrds^ treated him very kiiKliy, fupplyM him very chear- fully with whatfoever he wanted, and he contrafte^l great Friendltaip with them. He calls calls them the Nation of Thoya. Th^ SfinU urdsj 2sl6xA in divers of their Bx^itions, call it Thqj/dfOj {otticthXiks Tejdgo. They are often at War with the Sfdnmds^ who have been always repuls'd bv them. They bring Thirty or Forty Thouland Men in one Bo- dy into the Field. Thefc and TWo other Nations Neighbourii^, and not much inferior unto them, are accounted the moft feofible and civiiizM Jndiaffs ia Jmeries, When the Seafon came fix for their Expe- dition, they iailed Weft and by South, and happened to ftop upon fome OccafiOn at an Ifland caird Earwdd or Catindd^ there were Five in all near each other, like the CanMry Iflands, but lay rounder, and were one with another about 50 or do Miles iti Ojmpa<f -'Though, its vecjr giobable, they had other Views. Thefe'Sljigs were. g|>aratcd a little Eaft of Jafaff, Sf a. Storm" y.. the Caftrilomi^ .proceed-* '^ ed, and 'fiiund thejSvejgtit entririg^ into the Gulph ofT^rMrjf or ^^ fearcliM the Coaft~on tjie Weft-f^e tp 49 D^ees ; the other ^pL the B/^//w living fuSei*M much fey thfe Storni/put ifito pe Fort df Ndmhoe ; near tfc N. E. Uai]oi^japa^^ not abutting they ijiOvitd be kindly ;receiv'd;> ■being id League, and having a Free Trade, witli that Empire ;, but: ^^iJe, they were^ refitting ^ they were unexpeSedly furprizfd bv the jAfanefsy fent to Cburtj and very Uriaiy examined, whitheVthey. had not been at, or wenV not to djfcover the Gold Iflands Cas they cail'd them)^ t6 the E^,, of which TrafBcK the Empetpf is fo jeal6i|s^ that it is Cs^pital for any.' to ^0 thither except by his PermiiEon, or to declare to others the Diflance and Situation thereof ; and bad not the Dutch given uflcontroulable Evidence , that they had not been,, nor were they go- ii^ thither, but only upon the foremention- ca Difcovery, they had been all execu- ted. J There are upon the Coaft between Affe^ rm ^ ^^pm diyet^.^ very large and fafe (<7) Harbours, and a very good Climate , the Coaft ftrctching South- Weft, moftly from 40 to Degrees of North-Latitude. The Seas abound with Filh, and the Land with Fowl and Venifon. The Inhabitants are fo- ciable and hofpitable. I have a Draught and Journals of all the Coaft from Ameriu^ with thofe of divers Harbours, until you are within about 100 Leag. of the Streight of Vries^ which the Dutch difcover*d about Sixty or Seventy Years fince, and which is the Entrance of the Sea or Gulph of Tartary^ lying 1 20 Leagues North-Eaft from Namboe^ the moft Northerly Haven and Promontory oijApan. This Streight, or rather, thefe Streights (there being Two made by a long Ifland) are the Inlets into a great Sea or Bay, into which difimbogues a vaft River, on the Weft-fide of it, between 49 and 5Q Degrees of North-Latitude, Navigable 'ma- ny Hundred Miles Xij ^^^ ^^gg^A Ships, and is made by the Conflux of divers great Ri- vers, fbme of which come from the South- Weft, as Chingola^ Hiluray Ola^ S^n^oro^ and their Fountains, near the great Wall ot Chi' »rf, and run through the Dominion is of the Eaftern T^rtafSy who are now Mafters of China. Other Rivers from the North- Weft, proceed from the Territories of the Czar of Mufcovy^ who hath built divers large and well forcify'd Cities on the Main River gf lamour^ and feveral of its Branches, as iVi?- govim>^ Nepehou^ Maicw^ Argun^ Nettinskojj &C. F 2 This («8) J This Ri\ref of tsmdur dt Amura^ liatli at Courfe 9 from its fuf theft Fountains, above 1200 Miles, withcmt any Interruptioh by Catarads fo frequent in all the other gVeat Rivers in Mufcovy^ as the Ofy, Jen^eg or ^eniCcaj Src. By this River you may Trade with the Inhabitants of ^edfo for Furrs, \^ha hive great ftore, and thofe very rich. They inhabit all the Coafl: on both Sides the Mouth of the River 9 and a conliderable Way up it. You may likewife Traffick with the MuCcovites for the fame Commo- dities, jwho iefl them there for a Fourth Part of wfeat ttiey yeild in Mufeow or Jrc'h- ^ftgd'y thefe Parts being above 4000 Miles almoft due Eaft, ivq\xiMufc. ■r> '.,;■'•.«': '7 i«r *"•- and/ » 1 * < •. K «| • AV TO- (71) 4nd both ftrerAgchned and animated our Troops, to perform fiich A6l$ of Valour, as will be celebrated; in Future Ages. Tliq Sfininrdi teH a pretty, jtnd I think Inftru- £tive Story, That upon the Difcovery bf the immenfe Riches conftainM in the Mountain J^otofi in Beru^ tiirq ^fMnrds rcfortied thi- ther ; the one bought Slaves, hir'd Servants^ Overfeers, and found ^^ rich Ve|ui of Silver Oan ' The other (Land being ttt^n^ ' Com- mdft Ih thfe Neighboiirht&bd) fed Sfi*l>. The Mine Mafter w^diirig 'Wool' for the doath* ing of his SerVah^^'^hat Place beiiig much colder than othttis in' the f^nle Latitude) and Food 'for his'Overfe^^^CWha-cb^ld t^ot be fatisRed, heini '^fa/fiufdfy \yih the ^r Fare of the Ifidisf^s ktiik Negroes) bought Flefh and Wool dfthfe Shepherd, ahd after fonie few Years 'tlie^Shepherd^rew^ ridi, a(hd the Mafter-Minf r jiooi*. If the SfanUrdt had further improv'd ithis NOtiOn, the EngUjb^ Dutch and French i had not exchanged fo many of their Mariufa&tires for . G61d and Silver ; fo that Jh6y are the richeft >nd poor^ft I^atibri jS the Southern Part of £«- ■.-j'~\ And even our' Owh Nation hath not to- tally efcap'd this Misfortune ; for how many have I known that t^ried competent E- ftiates to Nonh AmenU , negledbing Tillage, ^nd breeding Gattle^ in a few Tears their Servants have been their Equals, arid fome- times Superiors'; fuchi^ths Force of Pru- . ' ^ p 4 dence (70 dence and Induftryr But as for our Counr try of Csrolduay if Perfons, who carry ovet Effeds and Servants, be not fottHhiy foolilhy or fupinely negligent, they cannot fail of improving their own Fortunes, ^nd without Injury to then^elyes, contribute to make other^ eafy, and comparatively happy* . I will nQt fay that ^^fters and Superinten-r dants oif any Sort'or Kiivj, need take nothing with theni, but that they will find all ^hjng? neceflary ppnd convenient tp theirHands:£)oubt- le(s Common Senfe wffl teach them, they pugljit tQ have at k^tfUsif ^ Years Provi- Cons of Things neceir^ry» untjl ^hey ar^ acquainted with the Native^, and have efta- bliih^ci a, Friendlhip and Correfppndency is^ith tjiem : But abundance of Trouble and Expence will be iay'd in Planting thisCounr try, which coiild not be well avoided ia thpfe the EffgUfi have hidierco fettled on the Continent or in their Iflands. For Bread in this Country, we h^ve a great Advantage at finft coining. Tfiey m^y have IfidUff Cora of the inhabitants, who have almoft every yrhere Two, and in fom^ Places Three Crops in a Year ; and I have been very credibly InformM, that when the New comes in, they caflt away a great Part of the Old to make Room in their little Granaries, Be- fides ^11 along tlie Coaft, and 9 or 390 Miles TUP the Cpuptry from the Sea, th?y h^ve the Root Mandihoeaj^ whereof Caffdvi 3read aPd power is inade, yl^rpuponalmof| ati-4>»*r/ki« '* " '' * between %4 ♦ - \; *'■ ^ft ( 73 ) between the Tropicks dothfubfift, (excepting what 13 brought them at great Expence from Europe^ or our Northern Plantations) and which many efteem as gcod a Nourishment as our Manchet, and fix tinies cheaper. Befides , this Countiiy naturally affords a- nother Sort gf excellent Cprn, >yliich is the moft like Oats Ot any European Giain, but longer and larger ; and I have been aiTur'd by many very credible Perfons, who often, put of Curiofity had divers Ways prepafd it J that it far exceeds our bed OatmeaL This is not fown and cultivated by the In- didffs^ but grows fpontaneoufly in Marfby Places, in and by ^he Sides of Rivers, like Reeds or Ruflies. The Indians when it i^ ripe take IBfaiidfuUs, (hake them into their Canows ; what efcapes them falling into the Water, without any further Trouble, pror (duces the next Ye^rs Crop. Rice may be li ere rai^'d in as gr^at PleAty as in Cii- rdind. For Fruits, they have not divers growing in Euroff^ wliich were pnce Stranr gers tp us , and by Art and laduftry in (bme Meafure naturali^'d ; but they have others littfe , if at all Inferior, fuch as mofl; excellent Lim(ss or wild Lemons, and Prunes, gyowing in the open Fields with- put Culture, which they cat plentifully, immediately from th^ Trees , and keep ^ry for Winter Provifion. Many, who have tailed both, unanimoufly affirm, they never ^id m^^t with either Sort in ^t^rQf. com — (7+) comparable thereunto : And thofe dryM will pot prove a contemptible Commodity, when we contraft Friendfhip with the Natives, who being dired;ed by us how to gather and order theni, would mpply us with great Quantities, not cn|y for our own Sqbiii&nce and Delight, but even for Exportation, Be- fides, th^ Tunas a mod delicious Fruit, efpe* cially in hot Weather, and alio not only agreeable to the Palate, but Salubrious, and as our Eurofedns call it, when in ,aturity, their Cordial Julep, I now come to that Tree, I mean the Vine, which a great Part of the World a!^ moil idolizes. I know, there liave been great Difputes ainonglt the learn'd, (and po^ iitively determin'd by Mahomet and the M<- hometans all over the World,) whither it had not been better for Mankind it had ne- ver exifted , confidering how much that noble Juice hath been abus'd, and 'how of- ten it has been the Caufe of -numberlefs Ca. iamities. For my own particular, I mu/t own it is my Opinion, that, next to Bread which is the Staff of Life, it is one of ihe greateft, meerly material Comforts, we m thefe Northern Climates enjoy; and having been long thereunto accuftom'd, when tranl^ planted into a more Southern Country, we fhall hanker after it : And if we cannot have fjood of our own Produce, w© fhall certain- y have Recourfe to Foreigners, and pur- Chafe it at any Rate, and thereby impove- rifh vers, wmmmimmmii^^ V^MH (i n ) rifli bur Infant Colony, But rhanks to AU bighty God, who hath not bnly fo long, fo wonderfully, faypurM the £^?^///& Nation in their o\yn Ifland, but t^kes Care even of them, who fome account ^hejr Out-cafb, tho' they have the true ij^gliffj Courajgei Love to their Country, and contribute, per- haps as niuchi to its Wealth and Welfare by thdr Induftry y as any equal Number, of their Rank and Quality, they have left be- hind. But, to put a Period to this Digrei^ fion. Vines of divers Sorts and Kinds grow naturally in this Country. We have alrea- dy difcoverM and diftiiiguilh'd Five or Six Sorts very different from each other ; but in fuch great Plenty, that in a Thoufand places, either upon the Continent, or in the lilands, efpecially in or near the great Ri- vers, they make your Journies Ihorter, by intahgling your Legs^^ it being natural foi: them to run upon the Ground, unlels they meet with Trees , up which they creep ^ loaded with Clufters of Grapes, of fbmd Sorts, commonly half a Yard, fometimes 2 Foot long. It is true fome of thiefe Grapes, for wane of Culture, tho' large as; Dkmlonsj have great Stones, and a tough Skin ; yet they might be eafily meliorated by Eurofem Skill ; tho* as they are, efpecially Two or Three Sorts of the fmaller Kind, are as grateful to the Palate, as moft we have ixi iLngUnd ; but the very worft, duly manag- ed, produces Brandy, hardly inferior to any ¥1 "WPW" ( 7<5 ) ia Europe \ fo that had we Veffels to diftffl, and skilful Operators, we might foon abate the Price of that Liquor in England^ and our Plantations and keep a fufiieient Referve for ourfelves. And further , when we have once ob^ tain'd the Skill of Meliorating the Grapes, we ilball alio produce not only as good Wine, but ^Ifo as good Raifons, as in mod Coun- tries of Europe ; the Climate being admira- bly adapted thereunto ; and thereby not onljr fupply ourfelves and Neighbouring Co? lomes, but fomewliat abate the Hxpence of our Mother, good 0/^ EngUndy from whom ve proceed, and upon whom we, and (I bope and believe) all our other Colonies, will not only acknowledge their fole De- peiidance, but ever defire, with the utter-* moft of their Power, to manifeft, upon all OccaGons, their Love and Giutitude. But Corn and Drink are not fufficient for ^Mglifftmen , who are usM to feed upon good Beef, Mutton, Bacon, Veal and Pork : Therefore for ilie Encouragement of fuch as fhall hereafter inhabit this Province, they >vill find good Beef, and confequently Veal, thtre being a .Sort of Kine natural to this Country, which, though they difter a little in Shape from ours (having a Bunch upon their Shoulders , which is delicious Food ) yet otherways are not in the leaft inferior tq our Bulls and Cows, and they make them Oxea wl>ea they pleafe \ and by dry Fodder isiiW!':w'^:'wr9 "^ ( 77 > fl^U Cbten like tho(c/m England ; but, a^ they are without Art and Care, they almoft edual our grafs Cattle. There are alio Sheep or thtSfMifb Breed in good Numbers, whofe l^lelb is as gdpd as burs, and their WooII better ; as allb' Hogs very plentiful, on tfie Sea-Cdafl: efpecially, and fbme within Land, tho' not fo nuilierous, Acorns, Chefnuts, and other Mafts sibounding m this Country, ren- der them more grateful Food, Cas all who have fed upoii them affirm) than Ours mEng-^ Uftd; and fit for Exportation for the Iflands. Next to Food we are to confider a very material Circumflance, and that is, Cattle for Draught, and Horfes for Riding, whklx are carried Into the Plantations, whither on the Continent, or in the Iflands. Thefe are already prepared unto your Hands, with no great Trouble and Expence. For Horfes, they are commonly us'd among the Indians on the Weft-fide of the great River for Riding and Burthens, as amongft us, tho' they have not improved them for Draught, be- ing totally ignorant of Coaches, Waines, Carts or Plows, unto all which they may foon by Care and Skill be adapted. And the Price of a good Horfe will not amount Unto above Five Shillings of our European Commodities at firft Coft, as I am well afTur'd by Traders, who have been offer'd i very good one for a very ordinary Hat- chet. And as for Oxen for Plow and Cart, when their young Males are caftratcd, they will •p (78) Will be as tame and ^s ferviceable as our Oxen ; tho* amongft the Tartars^ from whom thefe Klne originally came^ thq great Bulls, of alnioft twice the Strength -an3 Bignefs 01 purs^ are by them fo far tantM, that they itnploy them to draw their floufes or Huts p}it upon Carts many Hundred Miles,; as they have Occafion to remove their Habita- tioifi, wliich is only for convenient Pafture, marching in the Winter^ to the. South, in the Summer to the North; Tliis Sort of Cattle are not only ufeful fpr Food and La- bour, but alfo fot: their Hair, or rather Wool, wliich is very long^ very thick, and very fine ; and I tliink,' /as do ijiany(others who underftand the Ufe of.it , for Hats, Cloatliing, and divers other Neceflfaries , with fome fmall fuitable Addition or Mix- tures , is preferrable to Common Wool. Their Skins may be partly imported to En^iandj and partly imploy'd in our own Colony for Harnefs, Boots, Shoes, and ma- ny other Ufes. Belides, we are near New Mexico^ all which Country generally imploy for Carriage mkhty great and ftrong Mules, produced by Afflnegosy or Male AlTes, many of \yhich there are of abundantly greater Bignefs, Strength, and Mettle, than in Eurofe^ which with the Mares of that Country would pro- duce an excellent Breed, if it be thought advantageous to raife them. There (79) Thefe are feveral Trafts of Land in this Country that would fuit very well with Cammcls, many of which are iniploy'd by the SpAnturds^ efpecially in Peru and Terrs FirmAy or the South-part of tlie Gulph of Mexico. They have them moftly from the Canary Iflands, and fome from Jfriea^ They ftand well in America^ are very iifeful, and a very little Trouble and Ghajge v^ill fub*. fift theto. The wild Animals of this Country, befides the Elk or Buffalo abovemention'd, are Pan-^ thers, Bears, Wolves,' Wild Catts, none of which are hurtful to Mankind ; Deer of di- trers Sorts, Bever, Otter, Fox, Racoons, Squirrels, Martins, and Conies between ours and Hares in great Abundance ; as likewife a Rat with a Bag under its Throat, where- in it conveys its Young when forc'd to fly. AH thefe are ufeful.for their Furrs or Skins, and fome for Food ; but I think it not material nor confiftent with my defign'd Bre- vity to enter into a particular Defcription of them : No more than of the following Birds or Wild Fowl found all over the Coun- try, Sea-fhore, and Rivers, fuch as iiagles, Goffe Hawks, Falcons, Jer-Falcons and mofl: other Birds of Prey that are in Eur of e ; Great Companies of Turkies, Buftards, Pheafants, Partridges, Fidgeons, Thrufhes, Black-birds, Snipes, Cranes, Swans, Geefe, Ducks, Teale, Pelicans, Parrots, and many other Sorts of curious Birds differing from ours. ^ For (8o) " Fof. Cloathing, tho* we may reasonably fupjfofe, that by ourCorrcfpondencd with our Native Country, we may be fupply'd there- tvith, as alfO with Beds, Carpets, Coveflets, €&. yet it would not be amifs, if tti the Infency of this Colony ., the poorer Sort were encourag'd to manutaiiure the Wool of Sh^ep and Kine, as alfo Cotton, to fupply their urgent Neceffities. Hats may be made of the long foft Hair of the Kine mix'd, if need be, with a little of the Hair or Wool of Bever , both which are in great Plenty , and eafily procurM, and nothing wanting but a few Artiils to manufacture them as in I have receivM Information from divers Perfbns, who unanimoufly affirm, That fome of the moft civiliz'd Nations in this Coun- trv, efpecially of the better Sort, are cloath- «a with a Subftance like good Courfe ^ ferviceable Linnen, very White. Upon In- cjuiry, they found it was made with the inward Bark of Trees, which grow plenti- fully there, and is as becoming as mod of the ordinary Linnen of Eurafe ; and by the Relation of the Natives no lefs durable. Of the fame and other Barks, they make Thread, Cords and Ropes, of divers Lengths, and Magnitudes, which might be greatly im- prov'd by our Englifh Planters. Olives would certainly grow here a& well as in Nex'j SpMn^ where they thrive, efpeci- ally in tliQfe Parts contiguous to our Coun- try "?!^f" mmi ( 8i ) try, and ate not inferior^ either for eating or making Oil, to thofe of Spaiff and Por* tttgd: As alfo Almonds, feveral afiirming, particularly, I remember, th^ famous ^rc//^ writes concerning the Produfbions of the iVeft'Iadies^ where he long refided, that they fer exceed thofe of Sf^fn or any other Part of Europe: But for political Rcafons, both they and Vines are forbidden to be us'd for the Produftion of Oil or Wine. Currants alfo would probably prolper in tliis Country , the Climate being much of the fame Nature and Latitude ; with the Idands of ^4^^, stnd Cefheloma, from whence we now do generally brine tliem ; ^|id the famous City of Corinth^ Irom which they derive their Name, and from whence they were tranfplanted to th^;foremention'd Iflands; the Litin Name being JP'^^e Corimhu^igy or Grapes of Corinth^ wmdi we corruptly call Currants, inftead of ; C(?ri;iifo. Thefe Three Commodities were thought fo needful, that King Charles II. >yj^h the Advice of His Council, gave great Encouragement, in His Patent for Carolif/a^ to the Proprietors, Plan- ters or any others, who fhould produce and import them to EngUisd ; As alfo Capers and feme other Commodities tliere mention'd. Cotton grows wild in the Codd and in great Plenty, may be manag'd andrimprov'd as in our Iflands, and turn tp^' as great Account ; and in Time perhaps manufeftu- (Sa) f€i- didf^^^ when they take the Oyfters , broil theiri over the Fire 'till they are fit ta eat, keeping the large Pea^k they find in them, which fey the Hclt ii!re tarniflfd and It^ their Native Ltrflre t But whcff we have taught tkm the '^ight >/kthod, dbubdefe it woUli be a very t)rOfita1)le Trade. There are tt^ro Places vtt already knowr within Land, in each of which there h a great Peart Fishery. One about 120 Leagues up the River Mefchmbe^ on the Weft-fide, in a Lake made by the River of the Naehes^ iiboiit 40 Miles from its Mouth, where they are found in great Plenty and many very Iiafr|e. The other on the River Chiaha^ Xvhkli runs into the Coza or dujljsm River "'ip"^T'»VJ' '"" •"' ( 83 ) ( as Oqr £^/(/& calls it ) and which comes from thp ^. £• and after a Courfe of fome *{lundrecl Miles difimbogues into the Gulph of Flor^dsj about loo Miles to the Eaft of The judicious and faithful Writer of the fampjus Expedition of Ferdiftando Soto^ who was thereiiji from the Beginning unto the End, acquaiiits us, That when they can\e to Cutifachiay the chief of that Country find- ing they valu'd Pearl, oflFer'd to load all their florfes therewith, which were at leaft Two Hundre;d. And to confirm them in the Be- lief of what they advanc'd , carried them unto Two pf ^their chief Temples, where tJiey found vaft Quantities, but took only Fourteen Bulfeels fqr a gjicw to the Hfvana^ and Qther of the Span^Jb Dominions, to e^- icourage t;he Peopling pf this Colony, npt being willing to incumber their Horfes wjth morf^, tb^ir Welfare and Succefs depending much upon their Horfemen, the Mi^s he- ji)g abundantly more afraid of thi^^ than the Foot ; whofe Guns being ufelefs after a ihon Tim© for want of Powder, they only made Vfe pf Crofs-Bows. And Garz,iUf[0j who was not with Sotoy but writ only up- on MemQirs lie receiv'd from divprs who were prefent , gives a more full Account pf .the prpdigipus Quantity of Pearls in that Country, affirming, the Spaniards calculated them M> amount unto a Thouiand Bufhels. G 2 . And (84) And afterwards wheft the SfanUrds it ChU* hd were gathering Oyfters for their Food^ they found many large Pearls, and and one particularly that was prizM at Four Hundred Ducats, not ha,vlng loft the Jcaft of its Lii- ftre, being taken out of a Raw Oyfter. And that one Terror a SfanUrd had above Six Pounds Weight of Pearl very large, and moftly of a beautiful Luftre, and wer« va- lued at Six Thoufand Ducats. It need not feem incredible, that Pearl fhould be taken in frefli Water Lakes and Rivers, there being many Relations of un« queftionable Reputation, wliich declare, very good and large Pearls are found in divers Parts of China^ and the Countries to the Weft and South-Weft of their great Wall (with which Quotations I wiii not enlarge this Difcourfe) as will appear by reading the Ch'wA Atlas of Martimus^ Marcus Paulas Vemtus^ and other credible Writers on Lakes and frefli Water Rivers. Cochineal is a Commodity of great Va- luCi very neceflary as the World goes, and cofts tills Nation annually great Sums of Money, which may be^ all fav'd, there be- ing in this Province fufficient to furnifli '^otl us, and our Neighbours, who are iP *ife fond of it than ourfelves. There havw )een great Enquiries, and many Difputes, about the Original of this Commodity, wliich is the famous Ingredient for dying 'm Grain, the Purple lood^ one Mrcd Lu- [fter. [bove and va- (85) I Purple and Scarlet Colours, generally cfteem- cd by opulent and civiliz'd Nations. This noble Ingredient for dying, k pro- duct by a Tree or Shrub calrd the Tunal or Tuna, of wliich there are divers Sorts ; feme bearing an excellent Fruit very plea- fant and wholfome. It is made of certain Infefts breeding in the Fruit of this Plant, when it is well husbanded, and are thereun- to feftn'd, coverM with a fmall fine Webb, which doth Compafs them about, and when come to Maturity they eat through it, fall off the I'ree, and being carefully gather'd, dry'd, and curioufly put up, are fent to Spam^ and thence diftributed to mod: civiliz'd Parts of Europe^ and Jfid. Acofid tells us, Tliat in the Fleet wherein he return'd from Mexico^ that Province only, (hipp'd 5677 Arobes, cav^h v'hereof is 25 /.Weight, andvalu'd at 283^750 Peices of Eight. The Cochineal is of two Sorts, one growing Wild, which they call Silvefter. This, tho' it gives a good Price, is far fhort of that , wliich is duly cultivated in Gardens and Fields, mud after the manner the Engltfb do Tobacco in their Plantations. This Province both on the Eaft and Wefl-fide of the Mefchncebe , from the Gulph of Mexico'^ fome Hundred Miles up the Country, abounds with all Sorts of Tu- bals, or Tuna's (as fome flyle th'jm) ufually found in the Province of Mexico^ which bor- ders upon it, and is only divided by an imaginary Line, from the Degrees of 30 to G J 3^1 ■"^^iHI (86) ^6i When this Country is fettled, and \(re let upon this Manufadurc, t\\Q Indians may be very helpful unto us, . it being eafy La- bour , and wherein we need only impfoy their Women and Young Peopte, i£ nieir Men, who are generally very lazy, dccEne iti •'.• • , ..^.:ai . - ^ , , , . Thfe PJint of which Wico h made , is very frequent in moft of the Sp^tl^rn Parts of this Country, and may po0ibly produce better than that made in our Iflands of j«- mdieg^ Sec. This Province being in the fame Latitude with Jgra and Sya/ia^ Territories ik the great MoguL\ Country, whofe Indico is accounted the beft of its Kind in die World, and is double the Price of ours. It is cafi- ly made , and the Indians may be aflifting to us herein, i£ we think fit to undertake it. Befides if we believe that judicious na-. tural Yii^oxmi Hernando^ there is in Mexico^ and confecpiently here (being much the fame Climate) a Plant or little Shrub, which pro- duces an Indico abundantly more noble, and the Colour more lively, than that which is the Common Indico. This the Spaniards call Azul, as being like Ultramarine. Ambergris or grey Amber, is often found upon this Coaft trom the Cape of Florida to Mexico, which is of great Value. The beft Cfor there are divers Sorts ) is of equal worth to its weight in Gold. I'his is agreed upon by the Learned, to be a Bitumen or Naptha, which comes from qei-te^in Springs < i7 ) or Fouiitains ^ th^t empty themfelves into die S^, and is coag^lat^ by the -^It- Wa- ter, ^ S^C|C^^um, jcoraijiQnly c;aird Amber, from anothjer Sort of' Bit\ijnien or Naptha, aad in Storms cafl: upon the Coaft, The (ame 4^mbi8Fgris is al|) j^und upon the Baft- fide of the C*pe or fmnf4fi4 ot tlmeU, the B^han^ Iflands, in the f.^'Jifdi^s^ and Braftt^ and fometinjes grea^ l^vunps, ev^en upon thie QQ2&oi e-mail ^ud JreUm And apong others , I fiave read of a Piece weighing Eighty Pounds, cjift upon the -Coaft of G?r*- mu, m the Reign of Ring CW/w I. which was fefgger, till di^iiifilii'a by the. Country- man who found it, ,hy greafmg his Gart Wheels, and Boots, ^ut mfcoverd acciden- jtally Ji^y an intelligent Gentleman, who r,!- iiog by one of his Cart^, and perceiving ^ very grateful Smell, ^nq^ir'd of the Man whence it proceeded; he told hipi be ha4 found a nafty Greefe on the Shore, wliich he hop^d would have fav'd him die Expenc^ .of Kitchin Stuff and Tarr for Carts, Har- nefi, and Boots, but it was of fo poyfonous a Smell, ,that they were not able to en- dure k. The Gentleman defiring to fee the Remainder, found it what he expefted , purchasM it at a very eafy Rate, prefented It unto the Queen , and was requited in Places or Employments tar beyond the Va-» lue of it. . There is found in great Qiiantities upon the f^me Coaft on the Shore to the Eaft and G 4 Weft. p IPM ( «^ ) Weft t)ftht Mefehdie^^ efpecially after high South Winds, a Sort of Stone Pitch by the Spamards csilVd Copec, which they likewife land iatliQ South-Sea upon theCoaftof Peru. Tliey rnix it with Grei?fe to make it more liquid, and ufe it as Pitch for their Vcffek, and pLJ^irm it to be better in hot Countries, not being apt to melt with the Heat of the Sun or Weather. And at Trinadad a large Ifland over againft the great Riv^r o£ Oro- mgue^ there is a Mountain of the faid Sub? fl-aacej of which Sir Pl^dlter Raleigh gives an Account in his Expedition, fo fatal unto hirn i qlf th^ Difcovery of the faid River; and feve^-al Navigators fince have done the ikmti Jcoftay tlie famous Author of the na- tural Hiftory of thb Wtfi-lndiesy aiBrttis it to be generated of an Oil, which empties itfelf, heknoWs not how, into feverai Parts of the Oc^an, in fo great Quantities, that the Sai- lors, Mrheii at a Lofs, know where they are by its Floating on the Sea, ortheSn]ell tiierc- of, which, he fays, they fcented at a cpnfiderable Diftance. The ^vglrfh fent to difcover the River Mefchacebe^ afiiVm the fame, and that they found it in two Places, which I have well mark'd. Moreover, that the Sea was cover'd with an Oil or Slime, as they ftile it, which had a -very ftrong Smell for many Leagues together. I fuppofe they had much the lame Conceptions with the Cpuntryman be- forenientionM, and therefore their Curiofity fli^ not prompt them to take it up, and '■' '' " * ' ' ' examine vents eafes hath fer'd. Fifli bel( be ( knoT Riv( Lak and clea be (89) c;cgminc its Qualities ; tho' probably , it might be of the fame Nature and Ufe, with that of divers Wells in the Province of AdU erbigtAtt in FerftHy near the CaffUn Sea, whence thev fetch it many Hundred Miles on Ca- mels, being usM to burn it in [.amps in- ftead of Oil , it emitting a moft grateful and wholfome Odour. I might add Spcrma Cete Whales, out of which that Subftance is extraded,are fometimes kill'd by the Natives, and fometimes by Storms, as it ware fhip- wreck'd on the Shore, but either of thefe feldoni happening, there can be no great Dependance or ExpeSation from them. Salt is of great Ufe, efpecially unto EurO" feansy without which they cannot well fub- fift, being accuftom'd thereunto from their infancy, and without which Food hath no Relifh. Befides it is fuppos'd, that it pre- vents Putrefaftion , and innumerable Dii^ eafes ; and in Foreign Countries, where it hath been wanting, they have greatly fof^ fer'd. It is moreover necefTary to preferve Fifti and Flclh, which without it cannot be long kept fweet. In this Country it may be eafily and abundantly procured. We know divers Places, on both Sides of the River, where there are many Springs and Lakes, producing plentifully excellent Salt ; and alfo one Mine of Rock-Salt, ahnoft clear as Criftal, and probably there may be many more of the fame. By thefe we may not only fupply burfelves with what ^m ( 90 ) U neceflary for our ordiniary da^y Food, du- rjag the Winter or other Seaibns, but ^ furnifli our (I may jqall them Neighbour) Plantations in the Iflands , (we npt hei^g very remote from them,) withFift, Flejh^ ana Salt 5 when by Reafon of War,, oro. ther Gniftjer Accidents, tlie^ caiuiot recei^ due and e:i;peded Hecruit$ from E^l$nd or tlfewherei Silk is a Commodity of greajt Ufe in E/jj- Und for many Manufaaucips, it bieii^ im- ported to us from Frame ^ My^ Sicily^ lurkyj^ and the B^ft-lndies ; and there is no Foh reign Commodity, whiqh exhaufts mjprcof our Treafure. I am not fo vain as to pro- mife, this Country can fornifti Great- BrU uin with fo much Silk, as is therein manu- fea^red, which would amount to above half ^ Million or a Million Sferlin^ annually : But if this Province is ever fettled, ((it abounding in moft Parts with Forefts of Mulberry Trees^ both White and Red) ajid we keep ^ good Correfpondence with jtlie Native^i, which is both oui' Duty and Intereft, pcrtainly aepn- ;fiderable (Quantity of Silk may be liere pro* duced. It hatli been already experimented, Jn South Carolina^ by Sir Natharjiel ^oh/ifon ^nd otl^rs, which would have return'd to great Account, but that they wanted Hands^ "Labourers being not to be hir*d but at a vaft Charge. Yet if tjie Natives or Negroes were employ'd , who delight in fuch eafy light Labours, we could havq tl\at done^ for wm'y- ■i!,«Ji*t'«n. F^wn. iHiiiimi»ui for (91 > for Ids than Onis Shilliiip, which cofts them more tjien fix. Now I appeal to aU good £»g///&w^;/, if we .can raife only a Tenth Part of the Silk expended m fiippofed to favft us a vaft Expence of Boards, Mafts, Y^rds, ^c, wjiiph were fiar* merly brought us from Nprtp^ and Sweden^ where ks well known , that three Parts la four are pay'4 for ia ready Money, and not a Fourth in our own Native Commodi- ties or M^njufaftures. Befides the Pitch , Tarr, Rofin and Turpentine, the Produce of itlie Tr^s beforcu^ention'd , the Aflies wfeieji reiyiain, with ; a very fmali Acceffi- on, aod little Trouble, wi^ make Pot- Athes, AO coQtemjpi^e Commodity, and which cofts Ef/gUnd every Year to Foreign Part^, (as I have been inforna^4 i^^y competent judges) above Fifty Thoufand Pounds : But i wiM not indft further hereon, or mani- foft what great (Quantities hereof may eafi- ly b^ made, and how m\ich ftronger, than mQ& of that we import from Rffffld^ Livo- pUj CourUtfd, VruffU^ Sweden^ Nortva^fj and .other Cou^ries ; we having fo many other Tva5lua,ble Commodities to im]^oy our Time and Labour about. The mention of Pot-Afhes, fo much us'd hy Soap-Boilers and Dy^rs, brings to mind feveral .Materials for Dying. This Counti^y affords Logwood, otherwife call'd C^mpeche- Wood , and many other Dying Woods, Fuftick/d"^. which, divers, who try'dthem, jafiirm, are not inferior to thofe growing on liie oj^fite fide of tlie Gulph, in theiS^p*- ^m^ Dominions, whence we liave hitherta irweivy tii^m, with mudi Clurge, Hazard and w"^ '^WFi'ipi^* tuipuimprnF^ (9i) and Trouble. There are befides the Woodi in this Coantry) dhrers Shrubs and Plants, whofe Roots even as vs'd by the IndUns^ die the itneft and moil: durable Colburs, Blacky YeUow, Blue, and efpeclally Red$ which rf planted, and cultivated, as Ma^ ther Wood, and Saffron anidngfl: us, mighe probably be b^efkial unto the Underta-* kcrsw Some Perfons are very inquifitive , whc- dier this Country produces Gemms : I pre- tend not to tlie Knowledge of Diamonds , Rubies £Uid BakfFes, Saphires, Emeralds, oi; Chryfolitcs; all that have come to my Knowledge are An^echifts, of which there a-re very fifite and large, and to the We^ Tanhoijej, thought to be as brge and gCM)d as any in the known World ; and poffibly upon Inquiry and diligent Search, others may be found. We have an Account of Lafis Lttzdi^ which is an Indication, as Mine-Mafteri g^erally af]i*m, that Gokl is not far ofT. I never did fee or hear of any LajIs Lust^tl extraordinary good, but had viftble Streaks^ or Veins of pure Gold: But tho' it is n^ Ordinarily reekonM amongiit precious Stones^ ytty it good in ks Kind, it k fold for itg Weight in GoM , to make that glorioiK Azure call'd Ultramarine, without which x^ marvelous, and durable Pakting can be imacte. And Monfieur Tutrnfon ki his Voy<» age to the Levm obfei ve^ Ttiat b^idea that BPP I'm (9f) that Ldzttli is found in Gold-Mines, there feem to be in this Stone fome Threads of Gold as it were ftiU uncorrupted. I had almoft forgot to communicate two Commodities one for the Health, the other for the Defence of our Bodies. The former is a Shrub call'd Cafline , much us'd and celebrated by the Natives, the Leaves where- of dry'd will keep very long, of which fe- veral People have had many Years Experi- ence. The Indians drink plentifully thereof, (as we do Tea in Europe^ and the Chincfes^ from whom it is exported) more efpecially when they undertake long and dangerous Expeditions againft their Enemies, affirming, it takes away Hunger, Thirft, WearineS, and that tormenting Paflion , Fear , for Twenty-four Hours : And none amongft them arc allowed to drink it, but thofe, who have well deferv'd by their Military Atcheivments, or otherwife obtain'd the Fa- vour of their petty Royteletts. The latter is Salt-Peter, which may proba- bly be here procured, cheap and plentifully, there being at certain Seafons of the Year moil prodigious Flights of Pidgeons, I have been alTurM by fome who have feen them, above a League long, and half as broad. Thefe come, many Flocks fucceffively , much the fame Courfe, rooft upon the Trees in fuch Numbers , that thejr often break the Boughs, and leave prodigious Heaps of Dung behind them ^ from wiiich y with good JIJi«lpl> 1 1« f) WW (^7) good Management, and very little Expen^ei great Quantities of the beft Salt-Peter may be extradited. Hiving given an Account of the moft valuable Animab and Vegetables this Country produces ^ for Food and othei* Ufes, as well as Materials for Trade and Manufacture, Some, who have heard or read of the immenfe Riches in Gold and Silver, that are annually exported from P^- rtfy Mexico, and other Territories of the Spaniards in America to Spain^ and of the incredible Quantities of Gold tliat have been imported from Brazil into Portugal^ for above Thirty Years paft (The Benefit of which all the World knows we have Ihar'd in) will be ready to enquire, whither the like Mines exift in this Country ^ Whereunto it may be anfwer'd ; were there no fuch Mines , yet where there is fo good , rich, fertil. Land ; fo pure and healthful an Air and Climate ; fuch an Abundance of all Things for Food and Raiment ; valua- ble Materials for Domeftick and Foreign Trade ; thefe Advantages alone, if induftri* ouily improved, and prudently manag'd, will in the Event, bring in Gold and Silver by the Ballance of Trade, as in the Cafe of England and Holland ^ who without Mines of Gold or Silver, are perhaps the richcft Nations, for the Quantity of Land they pof-*. fe(s^ and Number of Inhabitants, m the whole Commercial World. And its well H known (98) known, that we and fome other indluftri' ous Eurofettns receive, in Exchange for our Commodities, the greateft Pait of the Weakh, which comes in Bullion from the Weft^h* d/esy either to Spsin or Portt/gd, But not to difcourage any whofe Genius inclines them to the Difcovery and Working of Mines, I will add, Who knows, but we may have here as rich as any in the known World ? Who-hath fearched ? AsTseifus faid of Ger- fMMfty in the Heighth of the Romatt £mpire ; I mean the Reign of the great TrsJMfty Six- teen Hundred Years fince. Yet afterwards there wiiiC ^ound, Gold, Silver, Lead, Tin, Copper, Qpick-filver, Spelter, Antimo- ny, Vitriol, the belt in the World, Blue, Green, and White ; befides many other Mi- neral Produdions, which are now wrought to the great Advantage of divers Sovereign Princes and their Subjeds. But to make a more particular j^eply to fuch Sugg6ftions. They may be affur'd, that Copper is in Abundance, and fo fine, that it is found in Plates, Bitts and Pieces very pure without Melting, of which coiifiderable Quantities have been gathered on the Sur- fece of the Earth. And they who have tried fome of the Oar affirm, by common Methods, it gives above Forty f^r Cent. The famous Mloft/o Barbae who hath given an admirable Account of the Mines the Spanurds have difcover'd in America^ and Ihe Ways of working them, affures us, that befides ver. (») befides the Mines abounding bx thit Metal near the Surtkce of the Eatth , they found, digging deeper, that they provM the rich« c(t Silver Mines, they hare hitherto dif^ cover'd/ And all agtee, the Gold extra£k« cd out of Copper, is Finer, of a higher Tindure, of more Caratts, than that ex-* traded from Silver or any other Metal; and that without the tedious Procefs of burn-* ing feveral Times before Melting, imploy^d conftantly, in order to the extrading Copper, by Stvfdet and other Europtm Nations. Lead is there iii great Quantities. VThat has already been difcbver'd, Is mofe than fufficient tor Common Ufe, ani the Oar af« fords Sixty fer Cmt. I need not perhaps mention Coal , the Country fo much abounding in Wood. But becaufe in fome Cafes , that may be more ufeflil and proper than Wood, I will add, That in many Places there are known to be Mines of Pit-Coal, like that we have from Scotland^ IVales^ and fome of our In- land Countries in En^Und. Iron Oar is in abundance of Places near the Surface of the Earth ; and fome Parrs produce Iron, little inferior to Steel in Good* nefs, and ufeful m many Cafes, wherein Steel is commonly imploy'd, as divers atteft, who have made Trials thereof. This Country affords another profi^bld Commodity orMineral, which is Quick-fil-j ver. We have Knowledge of two Mines ^ Ha one X' x ( ICX) ) fine on the Weft ; the other on the Eaft of the great River ; and doubtlefs many more might be found if enquir'd after. The Natives make no other Ufe thereof, than to paint their Faces and Bodies therewith , m Time of War, and great Feftivals. This we call Quick-fiilver, is the Mother ofQuick- filver, or the Mineral out of which it is ex- traftcd, and is a Rock of a Scarlet or Pur- ple Colour ; which being broke and diftilPd in Earthen Pots , the Necks whereof are put into others almoft full of Water, the latter, for the greater Part of each of them in the Ground, then are placM in Rows, al- moft contiguous, cover'd with fpray Wood, which burning drives the Qpickfilver by Del^ cent out of the Mineral into the Water. Three or Four Men will tend fome Thou- fands of thcfe Pots. The great Trouble is in digging ; all the Expence not amount- ing unto a 'Jenth Part of tiie Value of the, Produce. And it is generally obferv'd by all, who write well on Mines, Metals, and Minerals, That tho' Silver be often found, where there is no Cinnabar of Quick-filver in i:s Neigh- bourhood, yet Cinnabar is rarely found but Silver Mines are near. This Cinnabar or Ver- million, tho' a good Commodity in itfelf in Europe, and among the Savages, for fome pick'd chofen Pieces, is chiefly valuable for the Qiiick-filvcr it produces; efpecially if we ever obtain a free Trade with the Sfamards ; and ( lO' ) and will be beyond all Exception for our ^d their mutual Benefit : For moft of thp Silver Oar in America^ mix'd with Quick-fil- ver, produces almoft double the Quantity oi Metal , it would do only by Melting ; fo that the Spaniards have annually fix or eight Thoufand Quintals , or Hundred Weight , brought unto them fi-om the Bottom of the Adriatick Gulph, out of the Territories of the Emperor, and the Venetians^ viz, from Mriay Stjria, Carwthia^ Carmola^ Ffiuli, and Valmatia, We can fell it them, and deliver it for half what that cofts, which comes frorti Europe^ they being within fix o- eight Days fail of the Place where it is produc'd, ^ni for Mexico we can deliver it for the Mines in New Bifcay, 8fC. in the River of Palmes^ or Rio Bravoj otherwife call'd the River of Efcondido : As alfo by the River of the Hou-* masy which enters the Mefchaciphe, ipo Leag. from its Mouth, on the Weft-fide, after gt Courfe of above 500 Miles. It is a very large deep River, Navigable at leaft Ioq Miles by Ships ; afterwards unto its Head$ by Barks and flatbottom'd Boats, having no Falls. It proceeds from that Narrow Ridge of low Mountains, which divides thi$ Country, and the Province of Netp Mexico, The Hills may be pafs'd not only by Men and Horfes, but alfo by Waggons in Jef? than half a Day. Oa the other fide arp fmall Navigable Rivers, which, ^fter a fliQ.rt pouffc of 30 or 49 Miles, empty themfelve* ( 102 ) into the abovclaid Rio Brsvo^ which com^ from the moft tJortherly Paft of New Mext- eOf ia zi Degrees of Latitude, and enters the Sea at the ^. W. End of the Gulph of Mexico^ in 27 Degrees oif Latitude, There is alfo another eafy Paf&ge, to the Northern Part of New Mexico, by the YeU low River, which aboMt 60 Miles above its Mouth, is divided into Two great Branches ; or rather thofe Two Branches form that great River, which is no lefs than the Mef" chacebe^ where they are united. The North Branch proceeds from the North-Weft, an4 is caird the River of the M&fforites^ from a great Nation who live thereon. The other which comes from the Weft and by South, is namM the River oi^tht Oz,agesy a popu- lous Nation of that Name inhabiting on its Banks; and their Heads proceed from the aforefeid Hills, which Part the Province of New Mexico from CaroU/M , and are eaiily pairable; as are thofe forementionM of the Kiv«r of the Houmas^ which mciy be plain^ ly difcernM by the Map, or Caart hereunto ^nnexM. But all this is infignificant to our Pluto- nifis, whom nothing will fatisfy befides Gold and Silver ; I will therefore here declare all I know, or have receivM from credible Per*, fons, and will not add a Tittle. I aPEi welj inform'd of a Place, from whence the JnM^ Mm have brought a Mettal , (not well in^ df jd refinM) and t jjat diyers Times, which va'is > ed a affig by I per, Silv lea] Va tol ho Pi T tl X P urified, ( «o3 ) purified, produced Two Parts Silver. And I have an Account from another, who was; with the hdidftSj and had from them in- form Maffes of fuch like Silver, and very fine Pale Copper, though above 200 Miic$ fi'om the Country, where the foremention- cd was found. I have by me Letters from Neiu Jerfej/^ written many Years fincc, by a Perfon very well skill'd in the Refin- ing of Metals, fignifying, that divers Years fucceflively, a Fellow, who was there of lit- tle Efteem, took a Fancy to ramble with the Indians beyond the Hills, which feparate that Colony and New Tork from this Coun- try; he always brought Home with him a. Bag, as heavy as he could well carry, of Duft, or rather fmall Particles of divers Sorts of Me- tals very ponderous. When melted it appear- ed a Mixture of Metals, unto which they could afiign no certain Denomination ; but perceived by many Trials, that it contained Lead, Cop- per, and, when refin'd, above a Third Part Silver and Gold ; for tlio' the Gold was the leaft ia Quantity, yet it was confiderable in Value; which is eafily difcover'd by any tolerable Artift of a Refiner, who knows, how to feparate Gold and Silver, and what Proportion the Mafs contains of each. There were great Pains taken, to bring this Fellow to difcover, where he had this, J may call, Treafure, it fcrving him to ^mh mi fpt, till he went on another Exf H ^ pedition j ( I04 ) pedition ; But neither Promifes nor ImpoN tunities would prevail. Some made him Drunk, yet he ftill kept his Secret. All they could ever fi(h out of him was, that about J 00 Leagues South-Weft of Jer^ fiy^ at a certain Seafon of the Year, there fell great Torrents of Water from fome Mountains, I fuppofe from Rains, which be- ing pafs'd over , the hdtans walhM th^ Sand or Earth fome Diftance below the Falls, and in the Bottom remain'd this Medley of Metals ; Which brings to mind ^ what happened lately in Brnftl. Several For- ' tuguefe being guilty of heinous Crimes, or afraid of the Refentment of powerful Encr mies, retreated from their Habitations, to the Mountains of St. PauI^ as they call'd them, lying in between 20 and 30 Degrees of South-Latitude, above 200 Miles from their neareft Plantations, and yearly increafing, at length form'd a Government amongft them- felves. Some inquifitive Perfon perceiving, in divers Places, fomewhat glyfter, after the Canals of the Torrents, produc'd by great Rains, at a certain Time of the Year, were dry , upon Trial found it (the Sand and Filth being wafh'd away) very fine Gold. They having upon Confultation amafs'd a good Quantity thereof, made their Peace ^ith the King of Fortugal^ and are a pe- culiar Jurjfdidion, paying the King his Quint pr Fifth , >Ybich is referv'd in all Grants of ^ • .1 -t "WWPiW^ ( 105 ) of the Crown of Sfain and Vortugd \ and are conftantly fupply'd by the Meri» chants for ready Money, with whatfoever Commodities they want. And I am inform- ed by divers credible Perfons, who have long liv'd in Portugal^ that from this otherwile contemptible ufeleft Country, is brought by every BvauI Fleet above Twelve Hundred and Fifty Thoufand Pounds iV^r/. only in Gold. Who knows but what happened to them, may one Time or other, in like mannjgr, happen to the Future Inhabitants of tliis Country, not yet cultivated, fully difcover'd, or raniack'd by Europeans ? There are in divers Parts of this Province, Orpiment, and Sandaracha in great Quanti- ty; and all the Writers on Metals and Minerals affirm , they not only contain Gold, but where they are found they are generally the Covering of Mines of Gold or Silver. But fuppofe all that preceded is Conje* fture , Impofture , or Vifionary ; what I now fuggeft deferves great Attention ; and when the Country is fettled, may invite the beft Heads , and longeft Purfes, to combine, at leaft, to make a fair Trial of what the Spamards attempted upon n^ked Conjeftures. The Mines of A^ew Bi/cay , Gallicia and Nerv Mexico J out of which fuch vaft Quan- tities of Silver is Yearly fent to SpaWy be- udesi ( io6 ) .mm<^]^immi§im^fflfH fides what is detained for their Pomeftid^ Utcafils, wherein they are very «nagiii]6ccnt, lie contiguous to this Country. To fay no- thing ot Gold, whereof tlicy have confide- rable Quantities, tho' not proportionable in Bulk or Value to the Silver. But there is a Ridge •of Hills which run ahnoft due North and Sooth between their Country and ourS| not 30 Miles broad , and in di« vers Places, for many Mites, abounding with Silver Mines, more than they can work^ for ^ant of Native SfAnUrdsy and Negroes. And, which is very remarkable, they unanimoufly afiBrm, the further North, the Richer the Mines of Silver are. Which brings to mind what PolibiuSj Livy^ PH^jit and many others of the Greek and RomM Hiftorians, and Writers of Natural Hiftory unanimoufly re^* port ; That the rich Mines in Spdif^y upon which the CArthtginUns fo much depended, Sind which greatly inrichM them, were in the JfturUs and Fyrenean Mountains , the moft Northerly Part of Spain , and in a much greater Northern Latitude, than the furtheft Mines qf New Mexico^ near their Capital City St. A Fftf, fituate in about j6 Degrees, Not but that there are more and richer Mines more Northerly than St. a Fecj but they are hinder^ from working them, by Three or Four populous and welfpolic'd Na^ tions, who have beat the Sfs/fiards in many Rencounters , not to fay Battles ^ and for (107 ) t IjEmulred Yeari, they have not be^n ablt| by chdr own CoiiFefl^, to g^ from them ofltie: Inch of Gromtdf P% ia partfcwlaff affirm? , That evciy. Year Twenty Thouiaxxi Pounds of Gold ^ere brcmghc from tlieir Mum in Sfaitt ; And that ope Mine ca)lM Bekllt^ from the firft Difcoverer, yeilded tof^ixiif/Wy everjr Day Three Hundred Pounds Weight of Silver ; befides a very rich copious Mine of "Mitdn um, Cinnabaris, or Vermilliony the Mother ©f Quickfihrcr, out of which only it is ex- trailed. He adds, That the Romsms con- tinued to work thefe Mines unto his Time, which was above Three Hundred Years; but they were not then fo profitable , by Reafon of Subterraneal Waters, which gave tliem much Trouble, tney having then dig- ged Fifteen Hundred Paces into the Moun- tain. But what is very remarkable, and to our prefent Purpofe, Thefe Mines were not in the moft Southerly or Middle Parts of SfAtn , but as above to the Nomhward. Now I defire any Intelligent Perfon^ skilful in Mineral Af&irs, to affign a piobable Rea? fon, why we, who are on that Side of the Ridge of Hills obverted to ril^ Rifing Sun, which was always (how juftiy I know not) reckon'd to abound in Mettals and Mi- nerals, more than thofe exposM to the Set- ting Sun, may not hope for, and exped as many and as rich Mine^, as any the Sfsni' ardf iv.sofijimmm'^mim ( 1 08 ) urds Sire Matters of, on the other or Weft- fide of thefe Mountains? Efpecially fince fe- veral of the Sfanijb Hiftorians and Natura- lifts obferve, that the Mines on the £a^ ftern fide oif the Mountain of Poto^ in Peru^ are much more numerous and rich, than thpfe On the Weftern, "■■« ■' I \ppEND^X. A P P E N D I X.. A N EXTRACT OF THE CHARTER Granted by King CHARLES I. To Sir Robert Heath. Charles by the Grace cf God^ &c. To all to whom theji Prefents JhaU come Greeting. H E R E A S, Our Trufty and Well- beloved Subjeft and Servant, Si^^ Robert Heathy Knight, Our At- torney General, being excited with a laudable Zeal for the pro-' pag^ating the Chriftian Faitb, the Enlarge- ment 1* np mm (no) inent of Out Empire &nd Domintdi^ atifl thtlncreareof Tmdeand Commerce of Our Kingdom, has liumbly belbught Leave of Us, by m^ own Induftry and Charge, to tran- fport an ample Colony of Our SubjeSs, &t. tnto a certain Country hereafter defcribM, ia the Parts of Amtrkny between the De- grees of J I and j6, oi Northern Latitude in- clufively, not yet cultivated or planted, iSc Kn o w ye therefore, That We favour- ing the pious and laudable Purpofe of Our faid Attorney, of bur fpecial Grace, certain Knotvledge, and mere Motion, have given, granted and confirm^, and by this Our pre- fent Charttr do give, grant and confirm un« to the faid Sir Ro^rt Hedth Knight, his Heirs, and Aflignes, for ever, All that River or Ri- vulet of St. Mattheo on the South Part, and all that River Or Rivulet of P»IJo Magna on the North Part, and all Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, lying, being, and ex- tending between or within the faid two Ri- vers, by the Tra& there unto the Ocean on the Eajhrn and We^ern Parts, fo far forth an4 as much as the Continent there extends itfelf, with every of their Appurtenances. And alfo all thole Iflands of Veanis and U^- hdinA. And all Other Ifknds aildlflets near thereto, and lying Somhwdrd of and from the £iid Continent, all which lie Within ji and j6 Degrees Of Northern Latitude inclufively. And all anddngular Havens of Ships, Roads and Creeks of tlie Sea, to the £iid Ri^vrs, Iflands 7 ( 111 ) Ifiands and Lands belonging , and all Grounds, Lands, Woods, Lakes and Rivers within the Regions, Iflands and Limits a* fore^id, fituate or being; with all Kinds of Fiflies whatfoevcr, Whales, Sturgeons, and other Royal Fi(h and Fifhings m the Sea and Rivers. And all Veins, Mines, Pits, as well open as fliut, of Gold, Silver, Gems, precious Stones, and other Stones, Metals or Things whatfoever, within the faid Region, Territory, Iflands or Limits aforefaid, found or to be found. And all Patronages and Ad- vowfonsof all Churches, which, bylncreafe of Chriftian Religion, fliall hereafter happenr to be built within the iaid Region, Territory, Ifland and Limits aforefaid ; with all and fingular, and with as ample Rights, Jurif^ dittions. Privileges, Prerogatives, Royalties, Liberties, Immunities, Royal Rights and Franchifes whatfoever, as well by Sea as Land, within the faid Region, Territory, Iflands and Limits aforefaid. To have, ufe^ exercife and enjoy, in as ample Manner, as any Bifhop of Durham in Our Kingdom of England^ ever heretofore have, held, ufed or enjoyed, or of Right ought or could have, ufe or en^oy. And him, the faid SivRohrt Heathy his Heirs and Affigns, We do by tliefe Prefents, for Us, Our Heirs and SuccefTors, make, create and conftrtute the true and abfolute Lords and Proprietors of the laid Region and Ter- ritory aforefaid, and of all other tiie Pre- mifes^ .^^1^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 a 12.8 |Z5 US M 12.2 HI' lU 140 L8 III L25 iiu mil 1.6 / % '/ Photographic Sdences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WiBSTIR,:4.Y. 14SS0 (716) 873-4503 f'Wi'V''' . •'^'Wllippp" ''' '' "k''^ww^'W9 (.IS) tai&sy jlaving always the Faith and Allegl^ ance due to Us, Our Heirs and Succeffors; And that the Country or Territory thus by Vs granted and defcrib'dy may be dignify'd by Us with as large Titles and FrivilSges as any other of Our Dominions and 'ferrito- ri^ in that Region, .... .Know ye, That We prCiurturtW Grace, certain Knowledge, and mere Motion, have thought fit to ereft the fame Trad of Ground, Country and Ifland, into a Province, and out of the Fulnefs of cur Royal Power ane Prerogative, We do for Us, Our Heirs and Succeflbrs, gygA and incorporate the fime into ^a Province, and do name it C4r4- Ikfia^ or the Province of CarolaM^ and the faid Mands the CaroUna, Iflands, and fo from henceforth will have them calFd, ^r. In Witnefi^kc. Witnefs the Kffig ^^ Weftminfter /A^ Thir* ' tieth Daj of Oftober, in the Fifth Tear of Our Reign, NB. There are divers other Grants, Licences and Privileges, Royalties, and Im- munities, in the faid Charter contain'd and fet forth, which, upon perufal thereof will more fully and at large appear. The Additional Claufe from the Board of Trade. ft ;«*... ^' ( m y 'V Ta tbti Hiftg^s mofi Excellent Majesty, AtaykflesfeTourmAjBsrr^ IN Obedience to Your Majesty's Com- mands jGgnified to us by the Right Ho^ nouraWe Mr. Sgeretary l^erieon^ upon the Petition of Dr. Coxe in Relation to the Province of CaroUnM^ alias Carolatgd Florida^ We have confiderM his faid Petition, and humbly crave leave to reprefent unto Your Majesty. That Your Majesty's Attorney-Gene- ral upon the Perufal of Letters Patents' and Conveyances produced to him by Dr. Coxe^ has reported to us his Opinion, That Dr. Coxe has a good Title in Law to the faid Province o( CaroUna^ extending from 31 to }6 Degrees of North Latitude inclufive, on the Continent of Jmeriea^ and to feveral adjacent Ifiands. Sign'd WhUehiin Stamford Lexington P. Meadows WillUm Blathwah. John Follexfen Abraham HiU George Stefnej I A» ^(IfU'.liipii^- > ' ,«ppii|^!)^!.|i J I, illi«,JPJ|,|ifl|JUJ,.liH|^ 4» Ah^fAB of the firft Memorial frefentei to Kj»g William, beipg 4 D^monftrathn of.jhf jmft FretiftftOM of h»f\'M,M^iTy ibe Kj'fg of England unto the Province of parol^, tdias Floi'ida, AtiA of the pre- fetft' Proprietor under his Majesty^ ; EM4STtdN (lahta in the Year 1497, Sy (h^ Commlffion and at the Expence 6t King tieniy VIL difcovcrd aU the IJ^oaft of -^wer/M, fronting the iVbr^A or ^tUntick Ocean, from the Pegrees of 56 to 2S of i\fcr//> Latitude, Twenty. Year^ be- fore any other Europeans had vifited that vaft Continent ; As appears not only from our own fljiiorians and Cofmographers, but 0\ro frojo^ thcTeftiinony of the moft emir lient amon^ the Sfanijh^ viz. Peter Martyr their great Secretary in his Decades y Oviedo Governor of Hifpaniola j Herrera their ccr lebrated Hiftorian, and Gomaray unto whom We appeal: As alfo unto the famous Ra- ffiufioy d. moit impartial Perfon, Secretary to the renowned Republick of Fenicey whofe Works were Printed in the Year 1550; and his elegant Contemporary Paulus Jovius. About Twenty Years after, the Southern Part of this Continent adjacent to the Gulph of Bahama^ and that afterwards ftyl'd the pulph of ^ Mexico^ was vifited firft by the apamards cpmmanded by 'Juan Ponce de Leon. Ten Years after, Vafquez AjBon landed upon it, with a more confiderable Force; and m t ( m^ liP^^i^iiiiiPPi t m ) -in the Year 1527 PaHffhilo I<^£p^vdez with a greater: Next to hifh iii the Year 15394 I'trdittmdo Soto, But thdr enormous GnieMes did ib enrage the Natives, that they fut-i <^effively expell'd them. And ik^&'preteni^ ed Conquerors^ cannot have a mtich worie Charaflfer, bellowed upon them by thdr Enemies or Foreigners, than they receive ifrom their own Hiftoriansy and that fo ill as ahnofl: exceeds Credits Tfit kft Expedition of the S^»ir>di»i:,'/*^8ea, between the £9t(iand ^oth D^reesof Northern Latitude* above 1200 Mks^ diftant from ^dnueo^ their nedreftiHiE^bitation to Ithe Wejhy which is 60 Leagues from Meix^. * The Fr^^t^ indeed attempted a S^tlement about Fourteen Years ;fince at -a ¥hQQ^ they nam'd St. JLoais Bay, not far from Famco between -!i6 and 27 Degrees A'orfA Latitude, biut were foon difpers'd. t And again this Year under Monfieur Iberville^ and built a Sconce near the IVeft and leaft Branch of iWiyc)ly4«^^, leaving therein about 40 Men. I 2 King . ■ II. , . n I ■ " * . ' t ^i* P' 28« *•»■< 3P, t Vil p. »i, (ii5) King Charles I. in the Fifth Year of his Reign j granted unto Sir Riftert Hesih his Attorney-General, a Patent of all that Part of Ameriedf from, the River St. MMnheOj ly- ing and being in ^p Degrees oi North la- titude, unto the River Vajfo Magm in 36 Degrees; extending in Longitude from the North or AtUntick Ocean, unto the Faeifick or Sot/ik'SGaf not then being in the aSual iPoffeffion of any Chriftian Prince or State. And no Part of this Grant was then or fince in the a&ual PoiTeffion of aiiy Chrifti- an Prince or State, excepting St. Jugufiitie aforefaid; and Nttp MexicOy a great Pro- vince, unto which the E^lijb lay ho Claiip. S IK. Robert Heath in. the Thirteenth Year of King Charlfs I. convey'd the Premifes unto the Lord Mattravers^ foon after, upon his Father's Deceafe, Earl of Arundel and Surrejy l^x\ Marfhal of England ^ who at great Expence planted feveral Parts of the laid Country, and had efteded much more, had he not been prevented by the War with Scot land J in which he was General for King Charles ; and afterwards by the Civil Wars in England , and the Lunacy of his Eldeft Son. In the Beginning of the ProteSorate of Crommlj One Captain Watts (afterwards knighted by KingCW^xIL and by him made Governor of St. Chrijlophers) falling accidentally upon theCoaft ot Ehriday and meeting with One Ltct an EngH/bman, who having ( "7 ) having divers Years before been (hipwreckMi and the only Man efcap^d^ and then in great Favour with the chief Fdracoufli or Roytelet of that Country, by his Influence the £*- glifh were permitted to trade, and kindly invited to fettle there. Not long after the King as they f^ylM him, fent One of his chief Subjeas Embaifador to Engltmd ; and the Engltjb had divers TraSs of Land given them by the Indisns^ and furveyM that Continent (a Map whereof is ftill in being) for above Two Hundred Miles fquare, After this a great Number df Perfbns engagM to contribute confiderably, towards the fettling a Colony of Engi/jb in the laid Province, which Original Subfcription is now in my Poffeffion. They nam'd divers Places, efpecially Rivers, Harbors and Ifles, bv the Names of the Captains of Ships, chief Traders, and other Circumftances re- lating to the Ettglijb Nation, as by the faid Map or Chart doth more fully appear. In the Year 1678, a conliderable Num- ber of Perfbns went from New England up- on Difcovery, and proceeded fo far as New Mexicoy 150 Leagues beyond the River Mefehaeehj and at their Return render^ an Account to the Government of Boftofiy as will be attefted, among many others, by Colonel Dudley^ then One of the Magi- fh-atcs, afterwards Governor of New Effg- Undj and at preient Deputy Governor of the Ifle of Wtghtf under the Honourable thQ m/mt/mm ( ^»8 ) t Uib Lord Ci^/^. The War ibdn after break- ing out bttweca iht Effg^ and hfdiam, jm^y Gutdes and Interpre- iitersj as is attefted by ISfenfieur Le Tonty^ who accompany^ Monfieur De SsUe: As (ajib by Mondeur Le Chrk^ in a Book pub- lifli'd Fhy Ordcsr of the French King, For •which Heafon, and fdivers other Paffages ^voufing inadvertently the Engliflf Prcten- Jdons, 'his Journal Printed .%t Pans^ was dai- sied in, ai^. that Book of One Livre Price, ik not now to ibe pirclias'd for Thirty cUwres. The )Five Nations, in the Territory of New Tvrkj commonly xall'd Jrocoh by the Frefttby \who liave-for above Thirty Years voluntarily fubjefted dierhfelves to die King -of Ejfgiamiy had conqtier'd all that Part of -the Country, from their /own Habitations to and beyond Mefchttstbis (as the aforemen- tionM Monfieur jLe Tonty more tlian once •acknowledges: As alfo Father Le Clerk in his Hiftory of 0/14^4 /Printed by Order in 11691) fold, made over/ and furrender'd, • all their Conquefts and Acquiiitions therein, to the Government of I^ew Tork^ which therefore of Right belongs to the Er/glifi. .:] The wm ■WW (pi»lWIT"™w^ ((lip > The Prefent Proprieury of (^drolsmt 2p^ prehendingy from what Informatiool he had! rjBceiv'd, that tjie Planting of this oiiitfryy would b^ hiphly beneficial to tj^e £;f^/i^,; e*^eayourM divers Ways to acquaint hua^/ felf with the People, Soil and Produ£)» thereof; difcover'd divert of ks Parts; firftj from Carolina^ afterwards from Fenfttvamoy byj> thsSt/fjuehafidh River ; and many of hjs Peo- ple travell'd to Nerp Mexico, . : , Sqon aftisr the iaid Proprietary of C4- rqUnn^ made another Difcovery more South- jBrly, by the great River Ochequitony and, received anAccpunt of that Country before? laltogether unknown, and whereunto th^ Erenfh to this Pay are utter Strang^ri^ r ^ The iaid Proprietary, about ths fam©^ Time, made another Difcovery more tq- the >forth-Weft, beyond the River Mefcha-f^ cehf o£ 2. very great Sea or Lake of frefb Water, feveral Thoufand Miles in Circum- ference ; and of a great River, at tlic S. W. End, ifluing out into the South-Sea^ a-f bout the Latitude of 44 Degrees ; wliiclf was then communicated to the Privy-Counf cil, and a Draft thereof left in the Plan? tjition Office. ; And fince We are affur'd, the EfigUfih. liave more fully difcover'd the feid LalcQ' from the South-^es^ and enter 'd by Shipping fhereinto. They likewife coafted all that greaCi (Continent unto the Seas of T^rf^rj anajd^ ^: -:^^" ' " ■■■ - ^ fMff^ f 120 ) ^49, found it going and returning a very eafy quic^k aiid fate Nslvigationy and the People much civilizM ; and during cheVoy* age, though they did not ( in the Places where they call'd) ftay in the whole Ten Days, jret they obtained, by Barter with the Natives, above Fourfcore Pound Weight of pure Gold. Divers other Parts of this Country were difcover'd by the Englijb^ from feveral Co- lonies^ long before the French had the leaft Knowledge thereof. Colonel Wcod in VirginU inhabiting at the Falls of ^Ame$ River, above loo Miles Weft of ChejepeMek Bay, from the Year 1654 to 1664, difcoJ ver'd at feveral Times, feveral Branches of the great Rivers Ohio and Mefehaetie. t was poffefsM about Twenty Years ago of riie Journal of Mr. Netdham employed by the aforefaid Colonel, and it is now in the Hands of, &c. The Englijh have not only furvey'd by Land the greateft Part of Florida and Caro^ ImM^ but have been as induftrious and fuc< cefsful in their Attempts by Sea. The pre- fent Proprietary of C4r^/4»j, 23 Years ago, was poffefsM of a Journal from the Mouth of the MefehAcebcy where it difembogues it- felf into the Mexican Gulph, unto the Yel- Iqw or Muddy River, as they call it ; which faid Journal was in Engltjb^ and feem'd to have been written many Years before ; to- jgetber with a very large Map or Charts ' with ilW^P"*" •.' (121 ) with the Names of divers Nations, aqd {bort Hints of the chief Produ£ls of each Country. And by Modern Journals of Em' glifb and French^ the mofl: material Parts thereof are confirmed, the Nations, in divers Places there nam'd, continuing ftill in the lame Stations, or very little remote. From a Confidence in thefe Journals, the E/^pfi were encourag'd to attempt further Difco- veries by Sea and Land. And the prefent Proprietary hath expended therein, for iiis Share only, above Nine Thoufand Pounds, as he can eafiiy and readily demonflrate. , The laft Year being 1698, the prefent proprietary, at his own Expence, fet out Two Ships from EngUnd well Mann'd and ViftuaU'd ; ordered a BarceUngo to be bought at Carolina^ purpofely built for that Coaft, and for Difcovery of Shoals, Lagunes or Bays, and Rivers ; As alfo all Materials ibr building and equipping another Ship in the Country. One of thefe Sliips returning was unhappily caft away upon the Engliffl^ Coaft in a great Storm, but very providen- tially the Journal' was fav^d, though all the Men were loft \ which Journal contains an ample Account of the Country all along the Coaft, which they reprefent as the moft plea- iant in the World, and abounding with all Things, not only for Neceffity, but for the Comlort of Human Life. And amongft many others, there's a Draft of one of the moft Ca- l^ioiis Harbors in the Univeife, the moft in- ^ K viting ( I«2 > ^M Towa ai4jOMbli&iiig a Cnfenyv tit^Adfi 91 vryi 9!^t Tvafit of' Lattil ' ^riedf fl^ .Ti^ re94]f ^ l^Jiitiii^; :^ 1e:itO0li^ ftrgf^t Q^jftfif Bank almoft tMioM% t^ very Qparr}"^ wluc(i ^uU fui)i4)& tfaem ix^th Vm, m imny Ages ; bdiitt many ofth J .7 1 ' ys v;> c. / ' a »i' Ft t S V 1 ■ r ^ 7 ^. •vr V«/^'«(^/ ai Un ■) «.!.»-. .Ill ^u ' !1 V/ yiUJX.'^j, F fA.ir. p. 19. 1. 3. .r. riy,*. p. Ju ^| MiJC *. ^-fff^^ p M^A;'»#- ~4tkM^ia..p. If. 1. i«. r. dt.Mtet, 9. ,J6. 1 id. t. PtiAdlf^u p. T^'^^. "I* |l. T. 0»4)cm/4. p. 36, r* 6. rv'?'"'* P* 4>* ^ 13*