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TORONTO: * PUBllsftED BY HUGH SCOBIE, AT Tags omcB of tub butisu coiiOmst. * ' . . * -JAa CLfi^AIfD, PRINTER. * - ♦' ^ ** n- •Ci<>o<><>otO^':»4::^"J TORONTO ( PUBLISHED BY HUGH SCOBIE, AT THE OFFICE OF THfi BRITISH CPJM)M»T- JA8. CLELAND, PRINTER. :. -1840. ■". ■ ^ 'IIP" 'y !'>-». ^^ !*"' I "r^ '■-^' ^^ " -^ " ■? .^• TO Till-: OFFICERS, THE NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS, AND MEN, or THK . ■ \ . / tHii :>-''■ ■ y ■ •;% • D^IS COURSE ■" ' ,' - ^S RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, By their ^ . Most obedient sorvant, I. WILLIAM T. LEACH. /^ ;.1__ IL,. ■-".■ * ^ DISCOURSE «^ TIU NATURK AN^DUTIKt*. MILITARY PUOFEKHION. -I t ^ t •*•». iM, 3ft._.i 11^ iflai>hrlh.my hnnd« l« wtr." Ai it is prob«bi«, tKat in tho couroo of I'rrtviilcnro, ymi wiil ■oon depart from this to another utatibn in thn province, I hnvo thought proper with a view to pro.ent tii ym, tho nwrai ami religiouH bearing of the matter, to oiltlroM to you, while the opportunity la«t«, afcw obaervitioiM on the nature and the duties of your calling. 1% i« not unknown to mo, that ifl this country where any foolish opmion may have ita advocate, that the prolb««ion of a soldier has been represented" to some of you as incohfiistent with tho relifyion of VAnint. Theru is • aort of plausibility And glittering in the arguraentH usually adduced, anditisdesireable that you should bg warned agoinat them, that no ignorant and talking person should have any influence upon yourco*. victions. As to the.dutics of your profession, you have long hod the^ reputation of an exemplary corrcctnesa in the discharge of thcm-ni reputation that has not diminished ainco tho tirao you were quartered here^ ani^ which I tnist in God never twJH>c diminished by any conduct of yourB, either in the sunshine of peace or m the tempest of war; and m alMing to those duties, I am moved by a warrantable jealousy of the hbporable conduct of my kinsmen according to tho flesh, tho willmgBub)ectsanddefendcrs of the British Crown, rather than»any • particular n^essity, " that requires y^nr being admonished of them. The i^fession of a soldier is one which the soldier lias no Mwion to be ^shamed of. He may always give if he pleases, a siiffi- , » . »;.. ■ cient reason t'ur h'm adoption of the «ulljng. He nmy engage iii it without scruple. Ho may continue in it innocently and with the approbation of his conscience, and he inay discharge the severest duties of it with a perfect confidence that he is acting a part honorable . in the eyes of men, and well pleasing in the sight of God. There is no objection of the ignorant and disaflccted, no objection of the fanatical or spuriously religious person, but may be fhirly obviated and proven ' absurd, You may always render a reason for the faith that is in you, and proclaim with the boldness of a servant of Christ, and with the courage which natuiWly belongs to the race bf the British islands, that your cause is unexceptionable, the cause of manJcind and thd cause of - God, :, -^y .-.__,;;. ; _.;•■. . But in order to proceed with some regularity in the observations F shall address to you, we may first advert to the na/urc of the military profession, and in the second place to the ('■. and if it wcro a hW^^r ndturo U.at Ihb borbarian should always in the course of time, tread down into the dust the most cultivated, holy and rehgious people, the stream of things tvould bo running backwards, and all the received and acknowledged purposes of God made vain and void. As therefore it is necessary thut a ^ood man, wher» atlttcked by a murderer, must defend himself Jo fhe best of his ability| as every culuvated and intelligent race of human creatures are justly callcdupon to protect themselves against the furious invasions of rude and barbarous savages, so is every intelligent, and prosperous, and religious community required to repel the aggression* of those nations, who ih the course vt human passions, may act unjustly and violently againstits safdty and interests. It is a law of self defiance. It is a necesssity whici. God himself h.iacstablisf,ed. If a good nation is to exist-to live and breathe" Qi. the face of God's earth, how c<,n they exist unless they arm themselves with the might which lies in you, against the ambitious, the aelfish and half-mvage powers tliat scelc to crush and destroy us, that . envy and fear us. There has been war in heaven and there must bo war on earth. The thing is necessary_a justifiable and proper thing, . .noro especially when you know, that in^upporting the cause of the . Untish Government you are supporting the cause of Chrisf nmon.r the nations of the earth. There is no doubt of thi^, that if this good worm of God s is to be peopled with men, men must Jightf if it is to be peopled with groorf men, g-oot/ men nmst fight and contend forthoir well-being. War is a lawful and a necessary practice, and therefore the mili- tary profession is both lawful and necessary. But more than that, it is a usetul and honorable profession. It may bo regarded as the executive or administration of public justice, as the means of maintaining right in u world where human passions create a constant temptation to perpe- trate what IS wrong. Men are not to be restrained by mere advices and persuasions, by mere threatenings or any ordinary coursexjf law. Some are so insufferably ambitious that no power or jurisdiction ^vill.content . them and some so insatiably covetous tliat no revenue or pro^t Will aatiyfy their hungering and thirsting after wealth. Were theVe no strong restraint, no means ^f .upprcs.ing by Ibrce such Wh mordmate appetite^, who could l.Ve in quiet, who could possess or <«uoy anything but themsclvcsMIuuiun iniquity creates the necessity ot wur, and the most pious and righteous of men may enc^a..e lu it, for m ".-*Sf.- the benefits arising flhom the correction of that iniquity; a froo and quiot poneeifon of the true faith is maintained by it, peace is settled by it, kingdoms and commonwoalths are secured by it, property and inheritances are held under the shield and defence of the military profession. All lawful callings are freely exercised, good laws arc put in execution, and due justice is distributed, the wicked are bridled and all the iwnefits of social life, preserved by the maintenance of a public power sufficient to compel^ what joieasures may Imve been determined upon for the public good. It is honorable to bo instrumental in procuring or preserving • these benefits. The profession of a soldier may be regarded aa an institution the object of which is the promotion of other men's happiness and prosperity. The vast system of commercial enterprize proceeds upon the probability and assumption that the army is sufflcient and wilhng to defend it. But for this conviction it would break to pieces and decline in a moment. The army is the great wall of fire that . protects every department of human life from the ungrateful and ignorant ■ huckster that accumulates money under the shadow of its wings to the noble in his old and well stored palace, — ^yea to the Queen on Britain's majestic throne. What is it but the army that has Belong prevented and that irtt/f preventsthefloodofinva^ng hosts, fronr rolling in destruction into the very heart of the IsBind? What is it but the. devoted and disciplined forces that muster under the banners of the same royal power, that prevents the wolf from descendbg on the sheep-fold of Canada. Ah» men are mean and ungrateful creatures \vhen they refuse to honour and reward the soldier. They would never have been what they are, if many thousands of heroic souls had not fought and died for » them. Their pleasant ease, their fruitful speculations, their added heaps of gain, all the advantages of their luxurious and glorious state, have been secured for them and bought for them by the heroism and good condact of the British Soldier. It is one consolation for the soldier to know, that there is no great and W(»rthy man within the compass of the empire that does not honour every one that bears arms in its cause; and I Itriist in God that the time will never come when a scrimp, mistaken, and wretched policy will withhold from the good soldier, the honour which hf deserves and the reward which is his his due. There was a ^ime in bndl when neither shield nor spear was to be found among forty thousand of the children of Israel. 7&^ was the time for the I. \ \ .s*" u choosing ofnew Goda, then rolled the Uiundor of war against the very gates of the city, till there arose a mighty princess, a mother in Israo' -and a Judge in Israel. " The inhabitants of the villages ceased, they ceased in Israel until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in IsraeL" She honoured the soldier, she gave encouragement to the profession. "My heart is toward them, she said, my heart is toward the Governors (or leaders) of Israel, that offered themselves willingly among the people," and had the mother of oiw Israel, the Queen who wears the crown, defended by the strong hearts imd willing hands of you and such as you, had her tongue the liberty of speaking the thoughts of her mind, I know not what the exact words might be, but I am sure their meaning would be that of Deborah's, "Myhefrt js toward you that ofier yourselves willingly among the people." f- ■ , '■'■ ■■ ' ^ ■.■■■■. ■■ ■ , . • ■ These observations may suffice for the present, as to the nature of the profession of arms, and we haVe arrived at the second, and by far the most important part of the siubject, the duties that belong more jparticularly to that profession. It is of course only those morai duties that are implied in it thot I can be called upon to advert to. The military art is no province of mine, and were I to speak of it here, I should only bo acting the part of PhOrmio before Hannibal. The old philosopher discoursing on the duties of a commander, mixed op his discourse with observations on the art of war, to the great delight, as Cicero says/ of a great part of his audience. But when Hannibal was asked his opinion of the matter, Hannibal one of the greatest generals that ever has appeared, « I have seen many silly old men," he said, " but a sillier old man than Phormio, I have never seen in my life." But the moral duties are quite distinct from the art, and among the first of these duties required in a soldier is an inviolable loyalty^ He is to serve the eause which he professes to serve. To the good faith and allegiance of the British soldier, the crown and nation at large have entrusted their best interests and their very existence. The trust is a greol one, Comprehending all that is reckoned most valuable among men, all that we believe to be most holy and best pleasing in the eye of God— the religion of Christ which you hold to be sacred, to be the source of your heavenly hopes, the most rational liberty that is enjoyed by any nation on the earth, the largest measure of human happiness that is any where experienced, the security and happiness of your kindred that live andbteathe in jwace, beside the waters and green bills where rest their •*■, IV 12 ancient and happy hobitationa— the dcfonco of thorc is ontrustodio your foiHi ; and a viler trcncliory there cannot bo imofrincd thon for a ■oldicr to Violoto thot sacrod tnist, and invito tho enemy of his country • and of his counti-y's God, to riflo tho houBO of his fathers, and profane • tho sanctuary beside which their bones wore loid in tho duat till tho day of their resurrection to tho blessedness of heaven; and wlint do they do, but violate ^hat ttttat, who liko skulking hypocrites, put off tho . honourable ensigns of tlieir profession,' and fly in disguise under the ; islmdes of night into a sirango country and beyond the roach of those laws which they have sworn to defend. Can they expect the bleasing of Gm! to follow them in the future course of their lives ? Can it ho a consolotion to them on the day of thojr death, to know that tlicy brbke the sacrctl obligation of nn oath ? Can they be happy— con life itself be very desirable to them, carrying about within their spirits tho sense of their own dishonour ? No, tho dark suspicion of 0eir un worthiness will always attend ^hem. No just motive, no man!^ consideration of duly, can afterwards support them in the business and trials of life. They will know and feel that" no God can vindicate their coriduct,'ond they will probably find in their sorrowful experience that they have made a bad exchange and have found a border service than the service they obandoncd. It is out of the course of natdrc to suppose that the people to whom they ha,ve betaken themselves can over respect them if they know their character. They may shako tlieni by the hand hut they will put nothing into it. Even though they praise them they will never tr-ust them. The disloyal and unfaithful soldier go where Jie may, wilU probably have more fast days in his almanack than any church on eaith ever wrote in its calendar. Before he can thrive and succeed in the business of life among a strangb people, he must long borro\Vof his back and long borrow of his belly. lie must be obedicirtto the will of men for whom he can have no respect, and undergo a service harder undmoredegradingthan that of an Indian slave. It is always fifa/ for a mon at the long run, to be honest and ttue. Let his conduct be .K open, and public and justifiable, then he may leave the consequences to Ood. God tho preserver and guardian of the pious and faithft)! man, will reward him in some way. No man can be happy that does not keep within his hreast the rich treasure of a clear, and quiet con- science, and by this, if he possesses it, the soul of the soldier will always be soothed to rest. That itself, will be worth the value of his VVa What would any man not give however high his rank, to have % «o»l that Ims m«'!o iu. pcaco with (Jod in Chriat, a am.l *o Btronirly iornfiod, «o wnllcd witJi brans ond foiindod on Hiich a rock ? Ho i„.y havotho continual InaHt ufa /jroo(kcon.icionco ahd hmy wurrantably donvo fromtho faithfi.l discharge of hiH duties, the just oxpcctotion of the approval of (iod. Tho wiUin^ and perfect obedience which the soldier ia required to render to the couiuiaml of U.o. o under whoso authority lie iu placed JB obviously a duty of tho groatoat importance. It lies as tho basis or substratum of a// the advptages ihat ari.p ft-om his profession. Without It there could bo noillior efficiency nor orjer. It would servo no end, because ho duties would bo performed. Lawful authority i^ the command of those whom God ha.s set over us, and this command may reach us either immdiatchj from the ruler of the people, or medially from those whom ho has appointed over us. « 1 am a man under authority," says the centurion, « and have soldiers under me, and I say to one, go and he goeth, arid to another come and he comoth." If a soldier should refuse to go, if the comn.and of liia ollicer should bo disobeyed, it is evident he is no longer a soldier, but a rebel; no longer , a blameless person, but absolutely a criminal. The command of his officer is a sufficient warrant for any soldier to^fi^t; even though the cause should be a doubtful one, he is in no way responsibiofor it; he has no concern in it. If there bo any sin in the matter, neither' the soldier nor the officer who keeps tho order of civil peace, acting under the regular and received autiiority, has any thing to do with it! The sin, if sin there bo, must lie at the door of those whtf have the highest, tho supreme and first authority in the direction of public aftjurs. It must always be referred to the source and origin of tho service, to tho first promoters and .authoTs of it, if we take for granted that any particular service is sinful. If tho criminality is not referred to tho prime movers and authors, it must be partaken of by each and all who have«ny paf t in the accomplishment of the business. Every private soldier would re0und id need of il from one another. * .•p:- •/ • Again, thoro in tho respect wiUi which the ■oldior u called upon to rofi^rd thoBo whom providence haa plnccl over him. IIo ia to aay nothinff ond to do nothing which may injure their reputation or diminish he.r profo.H.onttl u^efuInoaH. Even where they may be defective in theirdutyoriwrverseinthoirmannorofdi-charginffit, there i« alwaya Bome proper and amhori.ed chanhol through which the rcdroa. may bo Iwd If fho^objoct be doservinsr of any «oriou8 conaideration. But to diaparajje them privately and behind their backa, is one of the raeaneat and moKt dishonourable practices. It ia the vice of a lullon and maheiona character, or of an ignorant and self-conceited peraon, and i» penorally witnesao^ with contempt by every aenaiblo individual to whom ■uch complaints are addroascd. > ni-hi ^«^'^";, *'"!'° •■« *'"« '«''^«»"tr "f a bold and vigoroua diachargo of bia office, that ih required from tho aoldicr in the day of daniror. In the actual encounter which he may be called to, ne niuat exemplify tho H eodmea and courage which are proper to a devoted aenae of duty. He la to have no raiagivings nor auapense when commanded to act out the juat end of his profoaaion. If he encounters a danger ho muat make up hu mind to meet it with force ««d dete^Stion.^By rLuve- nesB and backwardneas the danger willo^Jy bo made greater and a cahimity .a on^y complete when Jt^a accompani«l with ahamo and ho aenao of degrodation^^^ce thd end of hia profesaion i. m >wful and aa neceasaijMia any other which men can engage in, tho soldier may go fmk^ f^th, with confidence and choerfulnef.. fte may juatly in^^the aaaiatance and tho bleaaing of God, ho may meet doa^ in th^orge with tho aanctified com^o of a chriatian and com- mendhi^ulwiththemostcomfortablehopeintothehandaofGod. A Boldtof^who dies in the field of battle, ia like a high priest struck de»l the stairs of the altar. He is a martyr if he falUi in tho cause of hiscountry 8 good, because the good of his country is no doubt an object most dear to God. It is there that his name is most held in revore^e It 18 there that his will has been most plainly and moat generally made known-:and it ia there that the hope of immortality hL moat deeply , ^netrated the souls of ngn. If anywhere pn earth, surely in fhe Briush lales the ancient <»e9pondQpcc between earth and heaven is preservwl. Itisnotonlypresel^ed'thero, butinthoprovidcnceofGod, ' thatland has;,ocU made the bright centre whence the light of sacred truth has bcdn and is now most strongly radiated. Other kn.1^ | „vr I ■IM >v t tiioir ilornitco in thn niimliora i^n(]cmira(;ot)r their nrniicK, and Nhall thin land havu no wnllii of tiro round ahuiit it — nIioII it ho loft a proy to tlio boar ot'tliQ woodHnnd every wild Ixntit tlmt would break down itn fonco and duMtroy itH paitturc. Can it bo the wiah or dcHirn uf (ilod, tliat u Hocrilcifo Hhould be committed on thitt tlio most (floriuuH of iii« earthly tomploii— Buroly not if in a ItritiHh army tlioro bo inen \o\\ who aro not anhamed of their country'ii ^iory, and of their futher'H (iod. W thpy have any detiglit or any'tove and ruvorcnco fur either, thoy aro then inapirod with courage invincible, their might ia HUMtuinod, we may well bclicim, by tlie providcncu of heaven, and while th(^y fullil like all other 'tlny-la)iourorii of (io'J, )ii.s eternal purpONCii, their vocation in u |)ccnliar degree iu a high and honourable one, auccCHHful in the imnt, and likely to be HuccoHHful and triumuhant in the future hititory of man. Another, and porhapH the chief obligation of a «oldicr, in by the , ^cnnutant exorcise of a piouH spirit, to*bei able to commit h in cauHC cheerfully to God, that fearing God he may have no other fear. Thero ia no roaiion why the piety of a HoUlicr should renmfe .„d of d,rtiun.ng fr<«n dl pnv.t. Hu«mil.. On. c.n h.rdlr .m.g,ne wy thing more d-imctive of the dkc.pl.ao ^f . reg.mont, iim« tho love of brawtiag and contention. ^ Another ipecial duty of the .oldier f. temponince. « Ue thet rtntreth for nueteriee." myu St. P.ul. " mu.t bo to,npon,lo in all thiy. If a man had it in hi. power to cur.« hu. enomy, ho could WMh him no greater calamity-than to be the .lave of a vico wI.om effect* are nothmg low porniciou., than a motJnosa in tho brain and a fever m the heart. All .ina are unp^olUablo, but «carrpiy any j» «o onprofiUWeto the .inner aa drunkennes.. It is attondod with more wrrow. than could bo miinborod in all tho tract, of nlUho aocJotie. in the world. Tho pomon i. in poMOBHion of a torriblo di.eo.c, who ia tflhclod with tho torment of tlii. hellish thirst. Ho mu.t bid farewell to every honorable hope ho ha. ever ontortainod of a usefiii and profl- jerouahfe. He become. di«iualifiod for tho duties, a .teady a(tonii.,n to which would be certain to render bim a re.pectable mon.bor of ■ociety. More especially i. ho rendered unfit for a .er vice which require. BtrietqoB. of discipline, accuracy and regalaA together with • buoyant heart and the strength and metal of vigorou. health. But there are bttier form, of in(emp<(rance not less pemicioUs, perhap., though not equally offensive, othert whose silent approach i. calculated to make invasion into tho nnguarded spirit. In this world, of trial there are variou. point, from which the attack, of our spiritual eiiemie. may be made, innumerable ill. that beset a human aoul to load it daily artray. Even where no brutish vice can venture to go, thefe are other, of a^aubtiler nature that may invade the bosom of the best and make them mean, .elfish and wicked, or render them weary snd dirtracted. it were in vain attempting here to subject them to a minute dewription. Every intemperate pawion would be a history, every dieproportioned and immoderate virtue a volume of distui'- bwice. and sorrow.. They form the annal. of the book of man, who is bom to trouble as the .park, fly upward. There is the less danger perhaps, to those who have already experienced and given battle to the ill. and temptatiomMiCour mysterious exietence, but iwth young, whom life and hopes have being in the future, who spread a prospect of after-life for themselves gilded and fashioned by their own im a g i n a t i ons, th e ir s o curity, th e ir us e fuluesaaiid happiness deptnd upoit ■■■ " . ■■ c \ It' L It Ijv^KtMPu th« provMion th«y l«vo inKtIa for th« roaioUnco of tt^jjluir^, tnviHu. nrnce of lorrow. I^et tlinin iMm eirly to ■iihpHt ^l|F of duty will thu« gro« stronger with «varyt»meaBur« of peraevoranco, and their otpacity to perform it become Arm and vigoroui. ' Let them euppreva the flight of evJry flivQurit« and wandering (knoy, Mid be aura that they will live, if they live at leaat in thia world of <}od'a not amidst (lincioa but rnalitioa that will vk, fbrtituda and patience, constancy and aomo dotorminato principle of acting, fjot them keep their'apirita pure by shunning the flrst promptings and indications of wiekpdness. Let them se«k strength fVom the sanctuary of God, and ' |i|4Kom refer constantly to the toiU of God for the sanction and authority .j^/ofthiOircourso of conduct. I*>• ^-U- '^:*. .;■■ .^-r. Illl jl % providrace, to itrug gla and conlwHi, whil* othen mjoy tli«ir 1^ Jj^ to tncountor many dlfllcuhiM which oth«r« oMape fVonw you oiiB taw ftith to b«li«v« that the gnct (wd.atwngth of God wiH not b]Liih. drawn fVom you, but aupplied abiiadantly in tha day of m^ oj|m« you to anduro hardahip. a. goo.1 „.4di«n. of Chrait in thU d , ,-. ( ■ ..■ ■ ) ■ ■ a^^Ki.'* 4^ ..■■■.. ,'i ^ ,«• - • Mi'' ^ m- u. ••sr ' .. nm :^^ *i« -» r • * 1