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 Thoughts on 
 Child-Saving 
 
 J. ;• KELSO, 
 Toronto. 
 
 " Life's path is rough betimes, the hillside steep ; 
 And young feet crave a smoother, easier way, 
 While watching demons seek to lead astray 
 Disguising evil in love's fair array 
 
 Till guardian angels turn aside and weep." 
 

 TORONTO 
 
CHILD-SAVING. 
 
 TorontOt June 7, J898» 
 
 '^ I HREE weeks ago it was my privilege to take 
 -^ part in a Conference held in New York, one ot 
 the sections of which devoted all its attention 
 to the subject of Neglected and Dependent Children 
 For the information and encouragement of those who 
 are engaged in child-saving work in Ontario, a few 
 of the ideas and impressions gained at that meeting 
 might be set forth here. 
 
 To attend a conference where specialists ot any- 
 kind are assembled together must always be helpful 
 and stimulating, especially where a person goes pre- 
 pared to receive instruction, and to take advantage 
 of the opportunities afforded to become acquainted 
 with the newest and best thought. 
 
 One of the first impressions that entered the mind 
 in looking upon the delegates who made up the 
 Child-Saving Section was the variety and extent of 
 the interests represented. One felt at once the 
 glow of enthusiasm that seemed to flash from eye to 
 eye, and the spirit of devotion to a great purpose that 
 animated all in the room. 
 
 There were present about 200 active workers in 
 all branches of philanthropic effort by which children 
 
 3 
 
were sought to be benefitted. Directors and officers 
 of Children's Aid Societies, Orphanages and Juvenile 
 Institutions, Day Nurseries, Kindergartens, Mission 
 Sci:")ols and Homes for crippled or otherwise 
 deformed children. — All were engaged in some bene- 
 volent enterprise or other in widely-scattered dis- 
 tricts, and had stopped for a few days to meet and 
 compare experiences. 
 
 No one present doubted for a moment the need 
 for greater activity in rescuing and protecting child- 
 ren exposed to conditions of neglect and ill-treatment. 
 A child, owing to its helplessness and dependency, is 
 so entirely at the mercy of the adults having charge 
 of it, that if the influences are bad, and loving care 
 and instruction denied, its whole future may be 
 warped and misdirected, to the permanent injury, 
 not only of the child, but of the community in which 
 it finds a place. The protection of every child from 
 unhallowed early association was admitted without 
 question to be the supreme duty of the state toward its 
 future citizens, — and by ** the state" we mean, not 
 the central governmental authority, but all members 
 of the body politic who are, or should be, interested 
 in matters pertaining to the public welfare. 
 
 But while the desirability of active child-saving 
 work was recognized, the need for care and dis- 
 crimination was also pointed out. The best work is 
 not that which, recognizing the imperilled condition 
 of the child, snatches it away to a place of safety, — 
 but the directing of all the forces to the removal of 
 
 4 
 
(■ 
 
 the danger, so that the child may remain in its natural 
 environment, with all the thorns removed from its 
 path. Prevention — that is, the prevention which 
 purifies the home life and restores maternal care and 
 affection, is the very highest form of child-saving 
 work, and the ideal toward which all effort should 
 tend. One gentleman very aptly illustrated this by 
 a story somewhat as follows : The people standing 
 on the shores of a river saw a number of children 
 drowning and eagerly hastened to their rescue. But 
 as fast as they pulled the children from the water 
 others came floating down to the same fate. By and 
 bye a man came along, looked on the scene for a few 
 moments, then walked up the banks until he found 
 the people who were throwing the children in. Going 
 home he procured a gun and proceeded to shoot those 
 who were guilty of this cruelty, until very soon he 
 had put a stop to the drowning business. The 
 moral of the story, which in the enunciation was 
 loudly applauded, was, ** Get your gun and go after 
 the influences that make for the destruction of happy 
 child life." What are these influences? Intemper- 
 ance, ignorance, vice, crime, bad sanitation, lack of 
 cleanliness in habit or home, pauperism. — Against all 
 these enemies of childhood should the Children's Aid 
 forces combine. 
 
 When a child comes before any child-saving 
 organization to have its future position and career 
 decided, there should be the most careful and con- 
 scientious enquiry, remembering that an eternal 
 
 5 
 
destiny is at stake. '* Red tapeism," said one speaker, 
 ** is often denounced by people anxious to g"et to 
 their destination by short cuts, but should it not 
 sometimes be thought of as devices to avoid mis- 
 takes ?" Good people, feeling- great sympathy with 
 the unfortunate child, are tempted to act hastily and 
 take over the guardianship, when perhaps that was 
 not, after all, the best thing to do. The fact was 
 that too much time and thought could not be given 
 to the investigation of all the circumstances surround- 
 ing each case. First, exhaust every effort to regener- 
 ate the home and re-establish the parental relation- 
 ship. If this method fails, seek out some worthy 
 aunt or other relative who may be led by those strong 
 ties of blood and kinship to take up the parental 
 obligation ; or this second plan failing, seek for the 
 child as speedily as possibly a permanent location in 
 some childless home where it will receive the affection 
 and training needed to develop character and pre- 
 pare it for future usefulness. 
 
 An important feature of the proceedings was the 
 prominence given to the work of home-finding for de- 
 pendent children. Institutions, from long custom, 
 have taken a firm hold upon the public mind, and 
 there are many worthy people, who, without reflec- 
 tion, regard the Institution as the proper and natural 
 place for the orphan or the deserted chi .1. But the 
 experience of all who have practical knowledge of 
 Institutions goes to show that this is a poor imitation 
 of home life, and is attended by many and serious 
 
 6 
 
. 
 
 evils. The massing together of children is always 
 hurtful, and the routine which is unavoidable, pro- 
 duces in a short time a dulness and monotony Wiiich 
 inevitably tells upon the character of the child. It is 
 also an expensive system, while at the same time, in 
 a large part unnecessary. 
 
 The rapid growth of generous and humane instincts 
 during the past half century, and the diffusion of 
 
 MOTHERLESS I 
 
 information regarding the needs of destitute child-life, 
 has led to many homes being offered for the reception 
 of these children, and the evidence is that in the 
 future, homes will be off'ered in increasing numbers 
 so that the ideal may ere long be attained — a family 
 home for every homeless child. The advantage of 
 this system is twofold, for it has been found that the 
 
 7 
 
home is as greatly blessed as the child, owing to the 
 feeling of joy and satisfaction that enters into the 
 heart with the knowledge that a good deed is being 
 done. 
 
 It does not necessarily follow that the placing of 
 children in family homes will do away entirely with 
 the need of institutions. It was practically agreed 
 that the foster-home plan could only be applied with 
 the best results to healthy, normal children. There 
 will always be those who have been so sinned against 
 as to be entirely unfit to take an ordinary place in 
 society — the feeble minded, the crippled or deformed, 
 the partially blind, the halting of speech, unwinning in 
 manner and ungainly in form, the unattractive and 
 unlovable, and the generally defective — a heterogen- 
 eoi'c rlass whom few could be asked or expected to 
 adopt in the general sense of the term. For these 
 unfortunate children, more to be pitied and compas- 
 sionated than the orphans, the sheltering care of a 
 well managed institution is desirable, where their 
 special needs could be studied and a special training 
 devised to fit them as well as may be for a place in 
 society. There are scattered through the community 
 more of these handicapped children than the public 
 suppose, and they are not dealt with now because of 
 the difficulty of suitably providing for them ; but if the 
 healthy and attractive children were removed from 
 public institutions to private homes, the difficulty 
 would, in a large measure, be overcome, and many 
 children who are at present cuflfed about and allowed 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 

 I 
 
 to grow up in the midst ot squalor and vice might be 
 properly and comfortably cared for without unduly 
 increasing public expenditure. 
 
 For wayward and alleged incorrigible boys who 
 are now sent off in large numbers to correctional 
 institutions for a term of years, it was thought that 
 an elastic system, with a minimum of institutional 
 training and rapid transplantation to foster-homes, 
 would be to their advantage and also to the general 
 benefit of society. Many young lads get into trouble 
 because of excessive energy and buoyancy of spirits. 
 Such energy and buoyancy would find a natural out- 
 let in the free and healthy life of the country, and a 
 vexing social problem would at the same time be 
 partially solved. Boys are apt to be committed to 
 an institution because of homelessness, or an environ- 
 ment and companionship that constantly leads them 
 into mischief. There should be careful discrimination 
 between a lad who is innately vicious and one who 
 has been simply led into wrong-doing by a stronger 
 will then his own. A writer who evidently has a 
 great deal of faith in the spirited boy, says, ** modern 
 thought refuses to ascribe incorrigibility to youth. 
 With the right instructor, full of sympathy and skill, 
 energy and tact, the door of the heart of youth will 
 always open, and the young life will burst forth and 
 unfold with its environment in harmonious accord." 
 While this may not always be the result, my exper- 
 ience is that it is the rule, and that no one should 
 engage in child-saving or reform-school work who 
 
 9 
 
does not fully believe in and act upon this principle. 
 The only influence that can save a child, a boy, or a 
 grown person, for that matter, is the loving" contact 
 of one soul with another — individual rather than 
 institutional treatment — getting the person sought 
 to be benefitted to feel and believe that his or her 
 welfare is the supreme matter with you, and to dis- 
 appoint your expectations would be to cause you 
 genuine grief. Children are quick to recognize their 
 friends, and they are quick to resent any mere routine 
 salvation from which the spirit of Christ is absent. 
 
 It was pointed out to be most important that all 
 child-saving societies should keep complete particu- 
 lars of the diff'erent children dealt with. This inform- 
 ation will often prove invaluable in later years, and 
 the extra trouble in making records will be amply 
 repaid in the knowledge that all the facts are in 
 writing and can be referred to at any time. 
 
 The need was frequently emphasized of still further 
 restricting the liberty of feeble-minded girls, and it was 
 shown conclusively from the experience of many, that 
 such girls, so easily led astray, and frequently becom- 
 ing mothers, were responsible for a large proportion 
 of the illegitimacy that exists in every community. 
 
 It is safe to say that many who attended this 
 meeting returned to their homes encouraged to per- 
 severe in the good work, and to study carefully that 
 such plans and methods are pursued as will lead to 
 the very best results and to a speedy reduction in 
 the sum total of human misery and misfortune. 
 
 lo J. J. KELSO. 
 
1 
 
 i 
 
 There is but one cure for evil — a changed heart. 
 
 Love should be the ruling principle in all work of 
 child-protection and rescue. 
 
 Sorrow is the great teacher that draws us nearer 
 to those who suffer and are distressed. 
 
 Solomon, in describing a good woman, said : — 
 ** In her tongue is the law of kindness." 
 
 A little timely prevention may obviate a long life 
 of lawlessness, criminal prosecution and imprison- 
 ment. 
 
 ** A house is never perfectly furnished for enjoy- 
 ment unless there is a child in it rising three years 
 old and a kitten rising three weeks." 
 
 II 
 
** Tears would often be seen in the eyes of his 
 (Froebel's) scholars, when, with his overflowing love 
 of humanity he would speak of the helplessness of 
 children, exposed to all harms by the arbitary way 
 in which they are managed, but whom God has entrust- 
 ed to the female sex to be moulded into true men and 
 at the same time into children of God — to be led 
 back consciously to Him from whom they had come 
 forth." 
 
 The first Napoleon, with that keen insight into 
 character which distinguished him, once said : — 
 **What France needs is good mothers." 
 
 The primary object of all who would help poor 
 children should be — not to provide homes, nor food, 
 nor clothing, but to insist upon the people who made 
 them destitute doing so. 
 
 We freely give of our time and money to charity, 
 but how slow we are to open our hearts in loving sym- 
 pathy towards those unfortunates who need our pity 
 far more than our paltry offerings of gold ! 
 
 i\ 
 
 A SLEEPING CHILa 
 
 ** One little wandering arm is thrown 
 At random on the counterpane 
 And oft the fingers close in haste 
 . As if the childish owner chased 
 The butterfly again." 
 
 ( 
 
1 
 
 NO MOTHER. 
 
 An attractive-looking sixteen year-old girl stood in 
 the police court dock charged with stealing a piece ot 
 jewelry. After it was shown that she had committed 
 the offence she said amid her tears : ** Well, I 
 can't help it. I never had a mother and no one 
 really cared for me." She was an English orphan, 
 apprenticed as a servant when very young and pro- 
 bably never knew what genuine home-life or affec- 
 tion was. 
 
 *• My father's in the cooler" remarked a little 
 girl when she came to the shelter. ** In the cooler," 
 ejaculated the lady in charge. ** Yes," she replied : 
 ** in the cooler — and that's where he ought to be." 
 
 " Oh little feet that such long years 
 
 Must wander on through hopes and fears ; 
 
 Must ache and bleed along the road 
 
 I nearer to the wayside inn 
 
 Where toil shall cease and rest begin 
 
 Am weary, thinking ot your load." 
 
 —Lortgfellow. 
 
 at 
 
 Speaking before the International Prison Congress 
 Paris in 1895, the Minister of the Interior, M. 
 Leygues, said : ** Human nature is at bottom, right, 
 loyal and generous. In the darkest and most ravaged 
 heart there may survive, as in the ruins of a temple, 
 a last lamp, forgotten by the last priest, which burns 
 still for truth and goodness." 
 
 ** The laughter of these little ones is like a bird's 
 song — it gives you joy and courage to live." 
 
 13 
 
Carlyle was once asked what he thought was 
 woman's work. He replied : — *' To seek out some 
 poor lassie and be kind to her." 
 
 ** A child's eyes ! those clear wells of undefiled 
 thought : what on earth can be more beautiful ! Full 
 of hope, love and curiosity they meet your own : In 
 prayer, how earnest : in joy, how sparkling : in 
 sympathy, how tender ! The man who never tried 
 the companionship of a little child has carelessly 
 passed by one of the greatest pleasures of life, as one 
 passes a rare flower without enjoying its fragrance 
 or knowing its value." — Hon, Mrs. Norton* 
 
 **To rescue children from bad treatment, bad 
 examples and surroundings, is to fulfil the first of 
 civic duties. Has society the right to punish a 
 feeble being and not to rescue and protect it ? To 
 extend to the wayward child a friendly hand, to 
 console it in its distress, to forget and make it for- 
 get its fault is to make a good citizen of one who 
 might become a useless and dangerous being — that 
 is to serve one's country, and better still, to serve 
 humanity at large." — M, Leygues. 
 
 ** In combatting moral maladies, in arresting 
 their advance, in extinguishing their fires, you accom- 
 plish work which goes beyond the limits of your 
 action. You help thus to assure the peaceful evolu- 
 tion of progress, for society like organized bodies, 
 needs to prosper and to grow in health as well as in 
 liberty." 
 
 14 
 
 li 
 
 \ 
 
THE SEQUEL OF NEGLECT* 
 
 While g"oing down Yonge street one cold winter 
 night about ten o'clock, I came across two small 
 children, a boy and a girl, who were crying bitterly 
 and who soon attracted a sympathetic crowd. They 
 had been begging all evening but with poor success, 
 and they complained with many 
 sobs that they were afraid to go 
 home until they had twenty-five 
 cents. As the children had been 
 frequently seen on the streets and 
 had several times told the same 
 story it was decided, after a little 
 consideration, to take them to 
 a Shelter for the night until the 
 parents could be remonstrated 
 with. The case was tried in the 
 police court, and the parents were 
 warned to take better care of 
 their children in the future. When 
 the mother went to the Shelter for 
 the children, to the astonishment of the onlookers, the 
 children clung to the matron and begged to be let 
 stay. The mother, however, promptly boxed their 
 ears and took them home. This occurrence happened 
 nearly seven years ago. The boy in question is now 
 an inmate of the Reformatory for Boys where he was 
 sent for frequent theft, while the girl was recently 
 sentenced to six months imprisonment in the Mercer 
 Reformatory for Women. Several efforts were made 
 during these years to have the children removed to 
 better surroundings, but the parents made such a 
 strong appeal to the magistrate and protested their 
 affection so loudly that nothing was done. The 
 children from their infancy had never known what it 
 
 IS 
 
was to be kindly treated and they certainly never 
 received any instruction calculated to make good 
 citizens of them. The chances of their ever being 
 worthy or respectable citizens are now exceedingly 
 poor, the strong probability being that they will con- 
 tinue to be a source of trouble and expense to the 
 community for the rest of their lives. This is only 
 one of many similar incidents, and surely no stronger 
 plea could be made for the liberal support of Child- 
 ren's Aid work ! 
 
 LOVE UNLOCKS THE HEART^ 
 
 **The love of a little child awakens a depth of 
 love, by the softness of love's caresses and the 
 * thrilling sweetness of wandering baby fingers.' 
 Those parents who open the closed doors of heart 
 and home to one of God's homeless little ones will 
 look back on their lives and know they were much 
 in need of just this love link. Remember, we are 
 all fathers and mothers in the truest, highest meaning 
 of those words. The love principle, the father-mother 
 
 love, is within each heart, 
 whether externalized or 
 not, — is a full orbed seed, 
 only waiting for circum- 
 stances to bring it out, 
 and this * circumstance ' 
 is within your reach, by 
 opening the door of your 
 love and the door of your 
 material home to the child 
 who is knocking and ask- 
 nig for its own." 
 
m^fi^t