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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as m&ny frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des Mux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est U\m6 d partir de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'Images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 V_- T" ii 'innnwiit-' TWO MISSIONARY PRIESTS AT MACKINAC. A LECTURE DELIVEREO AT THE VILUCE OF MACKINAC FOR THE BENEFIT OF ST ANNE S MISSION, IN AUGUST. 1886 The Parish Register of the Mission of MlCHILliWACKINAC, A PAPER READ BEFORE THE CHICAGO UTERARV ClUB IN MARCH, 1889 EDWARD OSGOOD BROWN. SPriB 1889, CHICAGO llAKNAKI) * l.lNTHORr PldVTF.HS. 188 Huows. \\ TWO MISSIONARY IM^IESTS AT MACKINAC. MOST of us. I sujijiosr, who loiiu' to Markiii;u' ■aw in- (Imc'd to do so iliii'llx . and iH'iiiajis altoni'thrr. liy its natural iliara(.-lt.'ri>tiis. Tlu' in\ii;'oratiu^ air, llir (.'Mi'iidi'd and lu-autiful laud and watiT vii-w. tlu' iron in thrsc nortluTii rills, the lu'allh that is bonif ujion thi' brrr/.i.', tin- pinrs, those •'trees of iiealini;-,"" these afe the thin:.js that ch-aw us from the crowded market i-)laei> or forum, from the eitii's' tlusl aiid cin- ders, and keep us linj^erinff here deli<;hled, until duty releiit- lesslv calls us home ajfain. I?ut for all that, I \ enture to think that there is hardly one of us who does not consciously or unconsciously feel the power of that human sympathy which- as Ruskin has in one of his papers beautifully set fortii — glorities the Alps and the R.'iine and makes them to the traveler f;ir surpassini;- in intt rest and attraction the Sierras and the Amazon. Ami here in Mackinac, to those who know and arc touched by the interest of its history, we may and must feel keenly tb.is sympathy. As I walk on the bluffs ami look out on tlu- beautiful panorama spread out before me, this fairy isle itself, and the whole fair country around aliout. once known as Michilimackinac, the winding shores and the heavy woods of the Nortliern and Southern Peninsulas, the silver straits between, and the low- lyiiiK islands near, n.y tlmu-lUs lly Ixuk from tlu' natural luautii's aroiinil nir to tlu' ilistaiU pa^t. and .. Vi>in„s nl i\H- .lavs .l..,.utid. >h,ulnwv 1 .luuif -Mis fill mv Lriun. ■lluN ul.n lisr in hiamv ..nly. >rrui tuualk the cMilli ;i,u;un. l',.!- Mit-hilituaiki.KK- was l\\(. Imndivd years anc tlu- iviilri- of luiinan Hfofl, as ^naiul. as tioblr. and to my mind as int^'ivsl- inn- and romantic, t..o, as c'vrr can be assouatfd uill> Swiss mountain or (nMinan rivi'r. Ii is .,oi mv purpose in tl.is paprr to nitrr into any -rnrral description or panr-yric of the Jesuit missions in North America. 1 onlv want to remind you llial even before the May- tlouer e.Uered Massachusetts liay. the Priests of the Society liad carried, not vvitli a blare of tru.npels but with the solemn times of the (Jre^rorian chant, the cross and liie./Av//- iv- ilizatio'i. from tlu' eastern coast. We most of us at least rejoice in the .esult. but wecan none of us I think forbear -vmpathy with or withhold our interest from till' \aiuiuislu-tK nor iim wr fail K. ii'i <.-iii/f lliat iH.l.ltT mimls iiiul aims sin^imd Ui luli' tliosr wlio (Kh land in the naini' of J.oui.s \l\'. lliai '• His majesty ioiiUl aniu'X lui idiiiilrv to Ins crown, witiumt makino ji hj.s chii-f caic to I'slahlislillu' C'liristian n'li<,non tluTi'inf than lliost- who lonUl with cold cakulation, liki- somi- ol llu'(iovcTnors of Massai husi'tts liay and \'ir^Mnia, (U'llarc llit-'insilve'S opposed to l\v livili/ation and i(UKation of llu- Indians on tlu' -loiind thai it mi<;iil injnii' llii'tradi' and mati'iial intni'sts of the lolonii's. (Jn Juno 14, 1O71. al llu' Sault Saint Mario, from lu-iv not liftv mill's to tlu' norti\ as llu' crow llii-s, wliilo ri'pri'sontaiivi'S of fcmrtfcn irilu's of Indians looki'd on in woiuK'r, and four Jesuit FatluM-s k'd tiic French nu-n-al-arms in tin- sinniiiiiis ot lluir iMiiiiiii'S. (Ic'i'laiin;;- to all oilur |>(.tiiilaU><, piiiurs. siiv iTt'ii;iis, stales and rr|nililiis, to llu'in and lli.ir siilijeils. lliat llic\ ran- not and air not to si'i/i' or si'tUr upon an\ [lai's dt llir aloii'- sald loimtrirs sa\r onU undrr the ;;ood plrasuii' oi Ills Most C'l\risliaii Maji'sl\ and of liini who will ,i;o\ rrn in his behalf, and this on pam u' im ariiiiL; the ii'smlnienl and the ellorts of his .uMns. LonL; li\i'the Kin^;' '■" Tlusi' well' hinh-soundin;; words indeid. but when spoken, llu'V wiTi' no i(lK' ones. Not only the power ol the i^reati-st kiii'fdoni on I'arth was pUil^ed to make them eth'etist'. Init the lloi,' C'hiuih heisilf. the Mother of Kiii^s, seemed to stand behind tluni in blessing and ennlii mation. We know- what riMuaiiis of it all. IWit it ad Is to the eharm of life at Maekiiiai- to im-, th.il iiuwitably my thoiinhts are ear- ried baek to that June day and its pageant, two hundri'fl yi'ars a<'(). when 1 lu'ar upon the lips of some wanderin";- halt-breed, still linjferin<.f the accents of France: and when at the Mission of St. Anne the ;^ospt'l is read in I'rench as w ell as in ICn^lish, ami! am reminded that Holy Church has not fori;otli'ii luT part of the duty then assunu'd. altluai^h performed now ior so few of her lowliest children. And e\en here does not end the charm of the historical as- sociation which hovi'rs about Mackinac. A half centur\- and more after the tlominion of I'rance in this new woild had w.med. Dickered ami ;L;one out, these Straits of Michilimackinac were still the scene of romantic and absorbiuif adventure. Hither thron^fed still the Indi.in tiibes of the West, no loiij^er untouched by the forced for ^ain or the vices of civilization, but from far and near, seeking- at Michili- m ickiiKU- t(i prolitably c-\cliaiiL;v llu- iM-odiuts of thr rliasc for Ihi- tilings that hud bi'i-onu' iiulispcnsalik' to tlu'ir litr. and hilluT caiiH' to nuTt tlu-in and barter uitli tlu'm. tin- fearless spirits of tile frontier, skilled alike in wooileraft and in trade, but hardlv less wild and hardy than their sava<;e eustomers. The plaee was busy, full of a restless activity and ener-^y, which made it important and interestin^i^ when the site of the ^■reat metropolitan city which lies now 350 miles to the south was but the Chicairo portage, an outiiost of Michilimackinac. 1 have latelv examined with j^n-eat interest the parish re,t(- isters of the mission here the Mission of St. Anne de Mich- ilimackinac, and as I read with outward eye the mere record of baptisms and UMrria^es ami burials from 1695 to the present day, between the lines I seemed to see with men- tal vision, the whole stranjj^e story of the place, with its record of hi.-h aims and noble purposes, st'emin^;ly thwarted and failinl,^ only to result in the end in success far beyond the earlv dreams of priest or solilier. My mind was full of this, when my friend, the parish ]-,riest. appealed to me to prepare a papi r for an entertainment to be uiven for the benelit of the mission, a request I was glad to accede to. I determineil for this pajn-r then to attempt a brief sketch of two figures in the history of this mission, equally, it seems to me. worthy our regard and admiration: both, although more than a century apart— servants at the altar here; both French- men of illustrious descent, and of the older and nobler school of thought and manners -one. the very founder of the mission here the prototype in a hue of earnest and devoted men of the earlier time, who carried on the work he gloriously be- i;',ni: llu' otluT at oik'c tlu' tlosiiii;- lii;uri.' of tha' lint', and llu- liLMaKl anil pion^-rr in a nru /'.;'■////■ and a new (irdri\ a eon- nL'Clini;- link in iiiIut words, binding- tin.' i-|iui\'h in llu' ursl. whii'h was ihr (.Dinpaiiion ami adjunct ol I'lTiuli ii\ ili/.alion anil dominion, with tlu' C'atholii- Churrli in Anirriia as it stands lo-daw rliirtlv ICnuHsh sprakin^- and lCni;lisli tliinkiiii;-. its altars siT\i'd with lo\ al and patriotii' lo\ its of Anirriian idras and Anu-riiaii institutions, a Iri-f ihuri'h in a iirr statr. TIk' tirst of thrsi- nu'n whom 1 lia\r di'Sirihi'il. you. of courst', I'oulil namr. it loulil be no olliiT than llu- Ji-suil, lacquis MarqUL'tlc. to whom belongs the hi<,di honor of beini^ the lirsl exjilorer and discoverer (after De Sotoi of the Mis- sissippi river and vallev. and of uhose eharaeter and lite, his zeal, his abilitv and his devotion there has been mueb written and said sinee the discoverv and iiublieation of his manuscript journals bv llial prince amonj^f American scholars. Dr. John Ciilmarv Shea. 'I'he second one of whom I would speak is jierhaps less known to most of vou, but to my mind, as I have said, he is 1,'ijuallv an intereslmt^ and admirable liL,nu"e in the history of the .\merican Church. It is the Sulpician priest, (iabriel Richard. The life and labors of these two men then. [ shall attemjit brieflv to sketch for vou t()-nit>hl. Jacques Marquette was born in 16,^7, in the city of Laon, a fortilied citv of France, on the mountain side near the ri\ er Oise. His familv was distinguished and .aicient. entitled to armo- ri:il brariiiiis. aiul furnishiiither was Rose de la Salle, and re- lated to Jean Haptiste de la Salle, the founder of the Ikothers of The Christian Schools, for centuries as it is to-day the greatest anil most etlicieiit institute in tlu" world for the <,n-a- tuitous instruction of the youn^-. I do not know that any in- vestigation has e\er been made to determine whether or not he was in the sann- line related to that paladin of adventurou.s discoverv. who with dauntless couratje and miraculous endu- rance, pursued to the end the explorations which Marquette began, that '■ heart of oak and frame of iron,"" Robert Cavalier de la Salle, a native of the same part of France. It would be interesting to know. Ai the age of seventeen Jacques Marquette entered the So- ciety of Je.sus. Filled with the most inten.se devotion to the Blessed \'irgin, with his piety shaped in the ecstatic school of Loyola and his mind inflamed with the reports which the fathers on the various missions were sending to their superiors in France, his whole soul was bent even during his long no- vitiate ujion some foreign mission, and in 1666, he eagerly sought and received the orders which sent him across an almost unKn.>wn ocean to labor among the Indians of North America. Arriving in September of that year at Quebec, he applied himself immediately to the study of tlie Indian languages in u.se among the tribes under the especial care of the already I : I t'stablishc'd missions. IIo sccins to h;i\o had woiuhTful liii- jruistic ability, anil must also have had woiuk-rful applica- tion, for of tliL'SL' most ditlicull savaiff dialects he hail masliTi'd six, so as to spoak them with consitlerahle llueiuv, when, in April, 1668, Father Dablon, the superior of the missions, ordered him to 'die Ottawa mission, established at theSault Sle. Marie. After a vova<;-e of ^real diilieulty and hardshiji he arrived at this place, and there, afterward joined b\ Dablon himself, Marquette labored among the l\\(; thousand hidians of various tribes who, attracted by the excellent fishing, there frequently assend)led, to separate from time to time for their periodical hunting parties through the wiid-ed all ihe information he could uet. and from many took rude sketches of the river and its principal trihutaries, so far as Ihev were know n to his informant. Aheadv the wav of reachinj^Mhis :;reat river in the stream now called the Wisconsin was known to the Ji'suil h'atliers. From the Vn\ ri\i'r runninn; into (ireen liay. to the headwat- ers of tlie Wisconsin runniiii;- into tin- M'ssissippi. then' is a comparativelv easy porla<,fe near the place where now in W is- consin stands the town of that name. Over this porta<,re, Allouez, one of Marquette's fellow missionaries, in one of his tours had latelv ^n)ne, lindinif in the Wisconsin a heautiful river, he says in his report, runnini;- soulh-w est, and in the space of a six days' journey, as he was told, joinin^r the threat river of which lu had heard so much Hut Marquette did not at lirst expect to take this route. His Illinois mission and the exploration of the Mississippi he intended to make hv joinin,tf in the autumn a hand of the Illinois, who from the west came each year hy land to Lapointe, crossing the Mississippi in their journey. Hut these expectations were doomed to disappointment, for aroused lo- resentment hy allefjed injuries inlhcted on them hy the Ottawas and Ilurons, the Sioux, always fierce and revengeful, hroke into open war with the trihes who formed Father Martjuette's flock at La- pointe. The Ottawas and Ilurons were no more ahle to with- stand the Sioux from the west, than they had heen a quarter, of a centurv hefore the Iroquois from the east, and they Hed in di.smay from Lapointe, separating as they went. The Ottawas took refuge in the Island of Manitoulin— the Ilurons, «-, „*mrfi:=sB^Br*«rK*yr ■n^iiiw.^ij. ' "g" * i.*Mi wkn f ■ L 'w r-jcTV-M I I n.'mfiiilH'iiii_i;- thai \ I'ars iH'fori- they had foiiiul li'inporarv respili I'roin Iroquois prosi-fulioii. ami an ahuiulaiKi' of i;aiiir ami tisii. at ami lu-ar tin- Islaml of Miihilimafkiiiai.-, taiiu' lu'ii- for tlu' sccoiul tiinu to liml rffu^it: ami Iumv in 1671 (.ainr with tlu-ni tlioir ik-votud prii-st and ti-ailu'r, jacqiU's Marqiu'lti'. It is impossihlf to trll with absolute (.'iM-tainty fvi-n on tin.- clost-vU invi'stiyatioiK wiu'thi-r it was on llu- Island ol Mac'kinai-, or on tliL' mainland known now as Toiiu St. ii^nacr, that l^athrr iMarqufttt' .uul his Imliaii llot.k tirsl established tliL-nisclves. I am incliiu'd to think that it was on the island that tin- tirst remle/.vous was made, but that very shortly after, it was thought best to make the permanent settlement upon l!ie n)ainland, and that there, in 167 J. a ehapel had been built sur- rounded bv the cabins of the Indians, the whole villa,:;e beiiij^^ enclosed within a stockade, for belter protection against enemies. Father Charlevoix, and followin,fth of tin- Mississippi anain. to its jiuu- tion with tin- lliincis. Tlu' ji iniu'V too \ip the Illinois rivt-r, which the hulians told llu'iii was a m^arcr and easier routt' to Lake Miehi^fan than the Wisconsin, and the villayi's of tlu' Illinois which thev found and preached to, and to which Maripielle jiromisi-d to return the follow in^f year, art.' most graphically described; described like the rest of the journey, tersely, simply and unprelendini^dy as by a scholar and a man of careful obseryation and practical sense. So. too. is told the portage throu<;h Mud Lake, from the Desplaiiies to the C'hi- ca^fo. from which, perhaps, the lirst white men who were ever on the site of Chicaj^ro, Marquette and his compani-ns emerged on Lake Michigan and rowed alon^f its western shore until they reached (ireen Jiay and the mission of St. Francis Xayier. 'I-his yoyajLje was just four montlis lon;^', and in it the trayelers had paddled their frail barks oyer 2.700 miles. One detail only of this yoyaj^e I would quote from Father Marquette's own account that I may call attention to how beautifully it has since been useil in American literature. On the arrival at the th'st yilla^fe of Illinois, which they visited on their journey, Marquette had declared to them with the customary presents and symbolic lan fc. i |IUBllMH'll)W i l |r n ■.■ -iJj*AI*«l B« iiW»UiWWWJ' «7 KiMllJi. s Hi A nki ll iiu oil the Willi. lipliin^i. tl;i-.iiinf; in tlu' siinsliiiii.' ml within it < .iiiii' ;i iiici|ili' From till' (ii^i.iiit 1,111(1 ut' \\ .iliiiii. Imiiiu tin- t'artliol iimIiii^ ot' mniiiinj,'. Came tiu' l!la( k RciIr- (hid', tht' l'r()|ilu't. Hi.-, the I'rii^t of I'raycr. tlu' l'aU> I a< r, \\ith his giiiiirs and hi- i oinpai And the noiili' I liawatha, lions. With hai id> aloti cMcndcd II c'lil aloft ill si^n of wclioinc Waited, lull of exultation Till the liin h canoe with |)a(ldles (irati'd on llu' >h 'K 1' ■hi) Stianandv inar.nin. Till the i'.huk Robe e'hief. the i'ale J-'arc, With the cross upon his bosom, Landed on the sandy niai>;in. Then tiie joyiuis Hiawatha Cii I!e: ed aloud and sp akc tin s wise itifnl is the siin. O stian};ers. When yon come so fir to see iis; All our town in peace awaits you, All our dooiN stand open for you; ^'oii shall enter all our wigwams. I'or the he.irt"> riglu hand we give you. i\e\cr bloomed the I'artli so :ayly, Never shone tl.' .Min so briglitly. As to-day they shine and blossom 'When von come so far to see usl Never was our lake so traiii|uil. Nor so free from rocks and sand bars I'- or. your birch ca'ioe in passiiij. Has removed both roi k and db i\e\ er before had lobac .Sui h a sweet and |>leasant thuor; Never tlu' broad leaves of our corn fields Were so beautil'ul to look on .\s they seem to ns thi> miMiiing ^\'hen von come so tar to si'ensl .And the lilack Kobe Chief made answer, Stammered in his spee< h a ,S lieat lilt word^ yel 11 littk familiar: i8 |',M( r lie with \i>u llij\\,illi;i. I'.M. (■ \n- Willi Mill and >.mii |ifli'; \\\, (■ i>\ in.iyiT and piMt c ot paidnu, |'> a( I' orcliri-l and i«>\ nl' Mai y!" M;iri|m'Uc\v;is aU.iiki^l In ilvsrnliT.v .mi his linr.u'uaul v..\- a^v. an.l ilav aitiT (lav lay .-Nhaustr.! in his CAun,-, cn-a-v.! in pravrr and hnlv nu'dilali.m. S.. .•Nhausud a.ul urakriird u as )„. In his mil and his .lisrasr. nhich l.-r a yrar did ...'t snisibly .,,,.„;.. ,1,;,, ,hirin- tlu' autumn and uinirr nf K'-J,^ and llu- sprin- and suuu.ut lullnn in-, h.- was nhli-ol t.. .(Mnain al tlu^ niissiun nt Si. Knuuis XavicT ..n ( Jivrn liay nuikin- n<. aUrinpt U, ivluin I.. Mid.iliiuaiUinac, uhul. lu' d.-ubtU'ss di'siivd lo visit. It nas xvhiK- he- was hfiv ihal he nn.tr lo his supcri-M" liis avv.mnl nl llu- v.nauv. This Inranu- of -tval iinpurtatuv ulun. as it unhHlunalrly happrnrd. J.-li^-s ..(Ikial .iT-t ■""! map N.iiv l.-st In tiu' ..viTlufniti'; ol his (an..r in llu- Lachinr Kap.ds just as hi' was appn.achin- .MniUival al llu- nid ..l' his loll}.'; joiinu'v. This i-rlalicn of -Marqui'ltc. toovthrr with his journal oi llu- l;..tu- vovayc- of whi.h 1 am aboiU lo sprak. and sonu- noU-s .■uiucTninu'"'him In his .supc-riof. FaUu-r Dablon, had afu-rnard a strange- bisu.rv. Allhou-h ..iu- o.py of ihc- acvouni of tiu- MississipiM vovaoc- rvidc'nlly fouiul its nay to FraiKC and was published in "anuUilati-d form in i(.S i , anollu-r o.py of U-is ,,,lalionand llu- journal and n..U-s spokrn of, lay c-nliix-ly un- known in du- librarv of tlu- Jc-suil C'olK--c- al Qm-lu-c unl.l about icSoo. Wlu-n Caaiada became an En^disli dominion, ^\w J^.suils :.s a religious order were condemned and the reeei^ion of new nu-mbers forbidden. The last survivor ..f ihem, Fadu-r Cazot, before his death about iSo(),took the papers and archives which lav in his haiuls and turned tlu-m over for safekeeping^ -■a»e a»y»*ag! JTJ »gM»!J^-^^' - ^ V J 'ifa''H^»^-^'""S^' ■ ,-.srr^=^^--r-.j „ilae!»»«a»■^^sfS^S5>^l^^■i?■'. »spa ■■ J9 until li.ippi*'|- liinrs, in llu' » nt tlic llulrl hicii. wlm wi'ii' no; iiiiiliT llu' li, III III the ;;u\ nniiuiil. 'I'lu'si' liiilics j(i\ - fully '^,\\v up tlu'ir iliari^i' lo till' Ji'suit l'".illiri> wlm in i ■'^ | -' ri'-i'stiiiilislu'(l till' S(iiii'l\ ill C'.in.ula. and in iS^j .M,ii(pirtlr"s ivlation and journal and llir imlfs of I'"ailu'r D.iIiImh, wnr In J)r. SluM briiu;;lit to li.nlil and pulilislird. I'^atlivr .Maii]Ue'U(.'"s iualdi liavin^' hi'v'ii p.iilialK. to .ipprar- atii'i- at Irast. i-i'-ostahlishi'd. iu' irnivcd llir (irdcrs wiiiJi lie soliriU'd 1(1 f.stalili>li llir llliiidis niissidii. and (Hi tlic -'51I1 dl OildluT. i''7|, lu' starti'd. ari. ninpanicd In Iwm I'Miu limrii ( " ICnj^at^i's" as llu'si' assistants to tlir missionaries \\ iti' i allrd 1 and h\ a mimlH-r of Indians, foi- tlu' ^iiMt \ illai^c of llir Illinois, wliiili lu- had found on llu- previous \far on llic ii\ii of tlif Illinois, in liis journrx from llu' Mississi|ipi to Lake Mikliii^au. This tinu- tin- journey was matU' down the westiTii shore of Lake iMi(.'lii;4an, and l''alher .Mariiuelte w.ilked nnuh of tlu' \\a\ upon the shore, takin;^' boat onl\ when ri\ ers or lia\ s w t'l'i' to he erossi'd. \)\ the middle of Xo\i'niher his maluh' returned and the winter heyaii, too. to elose in around the devnted wanderers. On the Jill of I )eii;iiber. 107 j. he reaelu'd the L'hieayo ri\i'r, and about six iiiiK's irom its mouth, unable on aeeouiu of his iiureasiiiL;' illness to ^o further, lu' and his lompanions huill some kind of a rude eabin, and prepari'd to spend the winti'r. This was the lirsl settlement upon the stream where now rise the towi-rs of thai imperial iit\'. which before the ei'Utiu'N' is over will number a million inhaliitants. |aei[Ui's Maripu'tte was undoubtedly tlu' lirst ri'sidenl of C'liieai^o, a claim in itself, had he not other greater ones, to the remem- brance uf jiostcrit}'. 'i'he record of thai winter, as told by 20 b.inisrlf. is a toiu-liin^' proof of tlie simple piety of this saintly man. In that forlorn and siiualid cabin, in Wc and snow, livinn- on Indian c.rn and a very little chance <,'ame shot by his faithful Frriich c(.mpani()ns, or brou.yht to him by two trappers, who were campin-r within lifty miles, (for he had sent his Indians away to their destination), stricken by a wasting and a mortal maladv, he thanks (Jod and the Blessed Virgin for their care of him, which had so comfortably housed him, he begins the Spiritual Ivxercises of St. l«,niatius, he confesses his two com- panions twice each week, he says the Holy Mass each day, and he re^nx'ts only, as he innocently remarks, that he was able to keep Lent only on Fridays and Saturdays. One would have thought that the austerest idea of self sacritlce would have been perforce satisfied in this winter encampment. In March, 1675, after a novena to the Blessed Vir<;in and in consecpience of it as he at all events devoutly believed, he found himself able to travel and pusiied forward for his pro- posed mission to the Illinois. By the Indians, at their villa<,a' of Kaskaskia, he was received, as he says, like an angel from heaven, and during Holy Week be preached the Gospel to the thousands there assembled. Formally he opened a mission to be known as that o' the Immaculate Conception, and prom- ised that some black^-obed priest sho-'d be sent to take charge of and prosecute his work. But his strength was failing fast, he felt hin:»self that his sick- ness was mortal, and he bade therefore his Indian friends a sad good-bye and started for his loved mission at Michilimackinac, there to make . th.y bor. was , -.ally l-allu-.- M„-ou.tt.-s. Th.r.. b.for. landm-. h. inlon.d th. • 1 ). l.,„f,„ulis- in siuht of tlu. thirty .ano.s still on th. wat.r. andofallth.p.npl...n th. shor.s. .\ft.r this th. body was ,arri.d to th. .Innvh. obs.rvin^ all that th. ritual pr.s.r,b.s for su.h ..r.nu.ni.s. It r.-nainc.! .xpo.s.d und.r a pall str.t.h.d as if ov.r a o.ilin all that day, whi.h was lVnt.cost Mondav.th.SthofJtm..(-^77.. Th. n.xt day. wh.n a 1 the f,,„.,,,l honors had b..n paidit.it was d.posU.d m a hltle th am vauU ill \hr n.icUl' ■ ..f llu' chiiirlu wluTr lu' ivp.-srs as llu- nuarlian an-rl of our Otlaua Missi.Mis. TIk' I.ulians ..lU'M coiiu' lt> |iia\ (111 liis luinli. So. in ilu' il.Avrr ..f Lis inaiilLMul, thirl v-ri-lit yrais ol.l. dird. and with siuh sinipK' and yrt l-.u, hin- .■.-■ivin-uiirs. uas r„Killvburird. FalhrrJa.-q.u-sMauiurttr. For a cvnturv atUT- wards ihr v.-va-viu-s on Lak.' Midii-an. in Sturm and prril. lu'sunid.t ulial thry brlic-vrd t.. hv his saintly intrivrssuni. r.ut'th.- .■xa.-t sitr of Ids -ravi' uasnot known for nrariy two luindrrd vcars. for whrii thr miss ion was tA'm;ioraril\ id.and..iuHl in I'joO, du- churcli wiiciv ivposed Ids body wa> burn I'd. More llian a lunulrrd years later we have a -linipse ol Father Rieliard lookin- for its site and the -rave of a -reat priest, and. balf a eenliiry later still, in 1S77. Father Jaeker. then the priest in eharoe of the eliureh at Point St. lunaee. to the oeneral salisiaelion of the historieal seholars who investiualed the matter, ideiuilied not only this site. biH fomid some ivlies of the sainted missionary, wliieh now repose in the ehapel of the Marquette CoUe-e. at Milwaukee: while the M-rave at St. I.^naee is marked In a plain but tasteful inonu- nu'iil. to tell to all admirers of devotion and eom;'-e. and es- peeially to all who are true sons and dauu-hlers of the ehureh. who mav journey thither, that beneath, tor two eeiituries. lay all that was mortal of that most intrepid soldier of die eross. Jaeques Marquette. In the vear 179:. perhaps led by the threatening condition of political and ecelesiastieal affairs in France, the Superior General of the Sulpician Order, sent from that couiUin to lial- 2-4 tiinorr in thf rniU'il SlaU-s a mnnl rr of yciin-;- rcdi-siasli'S lo rrporl to tlir vc^.u-ralMr liishup Carroll and to vv.rW^' his ,,nUTs lor tlu' work of thr L'luiivh in thr V o\Wi\ States. 'Vhv ori-inal intention srrninl to hv that these youn-' men should found sneh a si'n.inary as tlu> Sulpieian- the world over are noted for for the tiieol<.-ieal trainini;- of priests. Ihit the need uas mneh more m-ent. T.ishop Carroll thou-hl. for mis- sionary priests, and most of these youiin- men aeeepted with ranerness at the ha!;.;S of the hishop the offer of sueh work. Amono- them was (Jahriel Kiehard. a yotm-- man th.'ii (.f iwentv-eioht years, horn in Santes in Franee in \-j(^\. Like FatluT Marquette he eame Iron) a hi.i;hly eonneeled family, and in his ease. too. his mother was from a himily ilh strious in the reeords of (he ehureh. At the a-e of Iwenty-tive he had enti'red tlu' Sulpieian orcK'r. I'.y Hishop Carroll this youni;- missionary was assigned a lerrilorial jurisdiction of .ur^-al extent, lie was .i,nven as \'iear- General the pastoral ehar-e of all the settlements m Illinois, and the missions especially that had heen estal^lished hy the French in that country during the century succeedin-- l-^ilher Martpiette's lirst visit lo it. A few vears a-o. 1 had the pleasure of Lookin-^ throu.u'h the re-isters of the old parish churches at Fort Chartre^ and Kis- ka"kia on the Mississippi river, and found that many of ''h- en- tries in tlu' latter years of the century were made hy Gahriel Richard. When a few days a-o, I looked through the re-isters here, 1 found auain die same familiar hand in at least a hmulred en- tries, revi'inu in nu mind the interest 1 had Ion- felt in this pioneer priest. Vov I recooni/.ed at once the importance which ht-rc as thi-ro liis duties liad assutiifd in the historx- uf tht' c-huivh in Amcrita. Thfiv as ht-iv ho had Ih-i-ii si'iu at oiue to cotitinuc the- work of tiu- hiu' of Frt'iich missions of thr older tiini-, in tlu- many settii-mcnts and (.-olonies of I'^hmuI) and Canadians and lialf breeds and theii" descendants, wlio since the Kni;lisn occupation had fallen into sad neeil of rej,nilar past(jral care, and to whom that pastoral care to he effectixi' for good, must bo by one of their own race and langua^'e, and also as at least a no less important office, to begin in thi.-, western country the new development and to encourage the new growth of the Catholic Church from roots to strike more deeply than the old French missions could, into the newly born American life and national character. In 1798, after a labor which became more and more fruitful as the years went on. Father Richard was withdrawn from Illinois, and sent to what seemed the still more important and promising field of Detroit, where the same condition of affairs as at Kaskaskia, but on a larger scale, called for the same kind of an ecclesiastical administrator. From 1794, when he was but thirty-four \ears old, until 1832, when he died a true martyr's death at the age of sixty- eight, Father Richard's home and main work were at Detroit, where he nol:)ly performed the singularly important functions he was called upon in the Providence of God to fulfill. Not forsaking the French colonists, the descendants of those who accompanied Cadillac to Detroit in 1701 and of those who subsequently came from Canada, and who still formeil b\ far the greater number of his parishoners at the old St. .Anne's church, of which his main home work was the pastoral charge, nor forgetUng either the Indian Christians, either around De- 26 tn.it Of ill tin- oullvinn- missions far ..r nrar. hr lU'MTtlrk'ss thnrou-l.lv nro-ni/.rd, that aft.r all in all this countrv tin- c.ntn.llin.^ tcndcMuy of ihr linu' was touards ihr asii'iuK'iKV ami innxasiiin- iniliu'iuf ami inipoitamn' of the uuMt Kn-lish sprakin,:; viwr that had o.nu' under CJod to possess d>e land: and wiislin- no time in vain re-rels over the ,„„re eonuen.al or n.n.antie past, he set his faee towards the rising sun. prophesying^ of and preparing the -round for the ^dorim.s destiny he saw for the Anu-riean eliureh of the future. Bui like St. Paul, he was ready to he all thin-s to all men, if haplv he nii-ht save some, and in the midst of the very different work, to whieh 1 shall hereafter more parlieularly re- fer, he found lime to be tin ilevoted missionary and pastor of t!u' alni..sl abandoned Indians and half-breeds and French voya-eurs and traders, who then lived al Miehiliniaekinae. ^^1706. as 1 have said, ihe mission al Miehiliniaekinac was leniporarilv abandoned. With sad hearts and reluelant hands liie Jesuit Fathers, thai their ehapel nu-hl not be desecrated, had themselves burned it and their house, -iven up their loved labors at Miehiliniaekinac and returned U) Quebec. This was because the French commandant at Miehiliniaekinac. Cadillac, had removed !<> and fortilied the present site of Detroit and most of the Indians who had settled liere. led bv the material inducements held si's of lliis mission in tlu' pa^i's of C"li;iiK'- \-oi\*s history, hut thrsr palish ri'i;istiTs Iutc air tlu' brst i'\i- (li'iur of the laliors ami sikhh'ss of thrsc ilcxoti'd mt'ii lUil ill i-jO: C'hoisi'ul (h-oM- ihv l-'icmh ji'suits fiom their colK'^i's, and suir(.'ii(kT(.'ii thi- possessions of l-'raiue in AnuTiia to Iui<;lan(l. aiul without ihv mai;iiitii'eiit powi-r and i'ncr<,rv of tlu' Society of [esus lu'liiml it, llie mission at MiiliiMmaikinae lan^uislied. and althounh not abandoned, the faitlifnl in its tloek were obliged to depend on visits, more or less freuiient, from \arious missionar\ |iiiests. IJetween i76.%\vlu'ii I )u Jaunay left Arbe C'roelie (now Har- bor Sprin<.jsj and Miehilimackinac, and 1 799, u hi'ii Kieliard visited the mission, (iibiuiU, I'ayet, J.eihHi, Levadoux. all names ilhistrious amono- the post-Jesuit missionaries to tiie In- dians, had, as these reoisters attest. In-en here at intervals, and wlien they eame. llu-re thronoed here to meet them the Christian men and women. Freiuh and Indian, of the settle- ment, often to Ih- married or to have their ehildren baptized, more often for the supplemental eeremonies, and the blessing- of the Church, on lay baptisms already administered or mar- riatre:; already contracted before some civil mar Pane. u Witnesses: Wili'an^ 'orant, John McNamara, 1). McRay, George Meldrum. ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ '''■ Sotary P'Mic''' This last entry, without date as it is, or the names of the parents, is hardly a suflicient baptismal register to g- - Lch information for these later days, but ,t ,s ev.dentb the record of a certificate, insisted upon by the parents and Kucn to them by Major Sinclair, then c<,mmander of the post for the Endish Government. ,„ .he n,c.m,ms of Au«us.us Gri,:,„o„. pMblisW.l ,n . ,o W,s- cnsin Ilislorical C,.llco.i,„>s, is a passage rclacns; l.mv h,s „,„„H.r, who was a dauKht.r of Charles Langlade who w born in Mackinac in ,7.9, can.e with her ch,l ami a Imil u| old t\pc. Tlii^ lias luiti said tci ha\i' lu't'ii till' III >t pi inline-puss w isl nl ihc .\llii;iianirs. It iritainU was tlu' liisl in Mii'lii^iaii. ( )n tins piiss w m- piiiitrd siimr ilt\ otional Imoks. an I'ditiun (it tlir cpisllrs and Mt.>prls in I'niuh and I'Jij^lish. and various iihualional hooks. A iop\ of onr of llu'Sf sniall books lor iiiildirii I aili'd Journal di's ICnfanIs, printi'd in I-'rciuh and l^n^lisli on alliTiiali' pa^(.'s. brloiiHS lo nir, and is luif and is sulij(.'(.t to \oni- inspi'cliiiii. 1 lannot s.iy iiiikIi for tlu' t\ po^raphiial I'M'iution. Inil till' inatU'f si\'ins to iiu- usi'ful and ;;(iod. l'"allu'r X'itali. tilt' ]irirst of this mission. o\\ lis and visi's on all pubru' si'ix ill's onr of llif I'dition of tlii' I'pisdi's and gospel rrfi'rri'd lo, and this also is lii'ii'. hi 1S12 l''allii'r Kiiliard iinporti-d from Europi-, fur his (.luirch. an 01 f^aii, ihf iirsl vwv brou<;hl to thi' Norlh-wi'sl. Ill 1S12 laiiii' llu' ICii^lish war. .\idril by llii' Indians llu' ICniilish took Dflroil, and oiu' of ihi'ir lirst aiis w as to im- prison h'alhi'r Riihard. on llir ground thai hi' was an instiga- tor and I .\iitL-r of aiiti-ICny'lish fi'i'lini;-. Si-nt to a uuard-hoiisi- on till' otlu'i sidi' of thi' ri\ I'r hr iisi-d his <,nx'at inllui'iui' and oxprririiii' with thr Indians to savi- llu- oth^'r prisoiii-rs Ironi tor- ture. On his ri'lnrn to Detroit at the elose ofthe war, he found his lloek threatened with famine. Seiidiii<;- .iway, he procured and distributed [>ro\ isioii and seed: •' eoiitimiini;,"" as has been said b\ .mother, •■ as loii^- as the scarcity lasted, t(^ be the liv- ing; l'ro\ idi'iice of the destitute."" In the meantime he had not for<;()tlen the poor llock at Miehilimackinac. lie had sent them already once or twice his faithful assistant, Father Dilhet, and at last iu 1S21, bein^f tiftv-seveii years old, he again himself bra\ed the hardships of the wilderness to conie and visit them. 31 Ilr Weill 111 Ailiic C'iikIu' .ilsii lit lliis tiii;r ;iiul was r^iuni mi the L;i"eat ini>s;i)iiaf\'. I'lohabK he tluui^iit Niariiuelle"s itiiiains slill la\ there, but perhaps not. for apart from tlie view j^ained ot Kiehaid's \ isit at lliis lime fidm tliesi' ri';^isters. we lateli a \er\ inleresliii;^ j^Hnip.-e of him. in a KttiT written b\- I'athei- jaeker in iSSO. 1 le sa\ s that a wrv hoiii'sl and iiilelli^ent hidiaii, then li\in^", one Josepli Misala^t. Iniiace when.' he had i^oni' in sean.h of an\' tiMies that minhl e\isl of a chureh wlu're it was said a ^reat priest was Inirietl. Whether, howexer, I'^ither Kiehard hail associated this tra- dition with the final reslin^; plaee of .M.irquette is doubtful. In iSj,^ the most ri'iiiarkable episode in the life of this /.eal- snoii .1 t.aoritf aiiuiii:; liis iclU'.ij^iu-s ami in ihi' >(>iiil\ (it llu' lapilal. I lis ap|HMiaiui' al lliis liiiif lia> bicn di-M i ibfd 1\\ orif i.l his iniilfiii|)iii aril's; 1 lia\i' iKit 1)\ nic tlir WDiilsiii wliiili il w.is (ioiir lull 1 know thai lir is saiil l( > lia\ r liri'ii t.ill ami spaii'. tli'iniruil ami asdlii' Imikiiit^. will) iiii iiiU'lU'iliial IumiI ami niciiiiin' Maik cm'S. lie was nt siiupuloiis matiU'ss in atliii' aiul |HTsiiii. W'hilf ill L'diinii'ss \\v iiiailr al Irasl diu' iiiiiiintaiil sprn li. II w asioiu iTiiin^ a pnipnstd appinpriatiiiii lor a militarv ro.id Irnin hclidil to l''(>it Drarborn aiul llu' nioiuh (it the C'liiiano y'wvv. ami li lU' !•• his iharaitiT as a ImildiT lor the tutmi'. du' Siifiiiioiis pioiU'iT ill ihf lU'W order ol ihiii^^s, as we'll as ihc faithlul iiilu ritoi of tlu' old. hr pr(.|ilu'sird du' liilurc ^^icatiu'ss ami iiiiportami' di the si'UK'iiu'iil upon this loialioii. Hut I think wi'iiiax 1h' sun- that ot all tlu' Kiruial doiuimnts whiih till uiuU'r his i'\' . hr luuiul iioiu' iiiori' iiili'ii'sliiig than till' follow iiii;' |H'lilioii si'iit to L'oiii;ri'ss: •• \\\'. till' iimlrrsi;4iK'(Uliii'ls. lu'.iils ot faiiiilii'S and otluTs ot tlu' trilu' ot ( )itawas. rt'siiliiii;- at Aibrr C'iikIu'. on tlu- fast hank of I.aki- Miihi(;aiu taki' this means to (.(iiuiiuiiii(.-atL' to our fatluT. tlu' I'li'siik'iit of thr I'liitrd Stall's, our ri'iiiu'sts and wants. We thank our fatluT and Congress for all the I'tforls tlu'\- have made to draw us to ei\ ili/.alion and the kno\vledij;e of Jesus. ri'iU'einer of the reil man and the white, 'rrustinin in Nour p.itenial udoilm'ss we elaini liberty oi eoii- seienee, and bey' Nou to (^ranl us a master or minister oi the <>()si>el. iHloimini; to the same soeielx as the members of the C'.itholie Soeii'tv of St. Ignatius, formerly established at Mieh- ilimaekinae ami Arbre Croelie by Father Maniiietle, and .1.1 olliiT missiun;irif>. i>\ ihc uir\ III Icii li i!> llif prinripli> nl .i^rii iilliirc .md C'liii>ti;iiiit \ . SiiHf tli.it liuH' \\ I' li.i\i' ;il\\,i\s (loircil siruihir iniiiist' ■ If \iiii LjiMiit ii^ tlifin. \\c \\ i I iiuiti' llu'iu tn live uii ihc s;i,'i,. niduiul liniiU'rU (K\upii(l In I'.itlifr \)\\ |.iiiii;i\ . mi llir banks of Lakt' .Mirlii^an. luai nur \ ill.i^c nt .Xrluc C'lotlir. If \(iii LjiMiit this liuiiilili' ft'i|iirsi (if Miur lailliliil iliildrcii. tlu'\ will be rlcrii.ilb ^lalclul. and will pra\ tlir (iicat Spiiil to pom lorili bis blcssinn^ on tlir w bites. In lailli bi'icoi. we lia\c srl unr nanits tliis da\'. Aiij.^iist i ., 1 1 \w K. C'k \m:. I>i \h. \'\-\\. I", \(.i.i:. ."-^ I \ tbe mission cif St. .\nne de Miebilimaekinae on tlu' island itsell and b\ tbe 34 parisli cluuch al I'oiiil vSt lonaii-. lUit it is tlir cluirih lure, ri'inovcd from ilu' niaiiilaiul on tlu- SoutluTii l\'ninsiila. iliat is t(.'i.luii(.all\- and aiturati'iy in llu' Iriu' siKxi'ssion to tlic lirsl cstablishrd mission at Mirliiliinackinaf. Fathrr Kiiliaitl was like PalliiT Mariiurttt'. (U'stiiu'd for du- subliniL- lionors of niarl\ rduin, not ti'clinically so called, hul it would scL'in as roally and truly as though il wcro the tomahawk or llu' fat^-ot instead of disease that wroii^ht their death. In iS,:!2 the Asiatic cholera de\astaled Detroit. Xiy;ht and (lav leather Richard devoted himself to tlu' sick and the tlyii\i( of his ilock. Allhou<,di almost se\-enly years old he ^axe him- self no rest, and llnally worn out. he succumbed to the dread disease. H\- his d\ in^' bed were the saintly Fenwick. his bishop, and his voun^er friend and disci|ile. Frederic liarai^a, who became afterward the revered liishoj-i of Marijui'tle. lie is buried beneath the altar of St. Aniu'"s in Detroit. On the noble facade of the city hall in that city, with that of Father INIarquette and of LaSalle and of Cadillac, his statue preserves for Detroit his nuinory. It ^■■■ems to me that it woidd be a ij^racefu and apjiropriate ihinjj;" for some lover of Mackinac, some day ti place in the mission church of St. Anne de Michilimackinac. a jilain mem- orial window, commemoratini>- these two heroic tij^ures con- nected with its history — Jacques Marquette and (Jabriel Richard. THE PARISH RHGISTHl^ AT MICHII.IMACKIN'AC. IT is a fair (.■ouiitrv which Vws .^50 mik-s to tin- uortli at the oliuT v\u\ of Lake Mi(.'hii,Mii. I'lir •• fairy islr '" of M.uk- inac ami thi' (.-oimtrv rouiul aliout. all oiui' known as Mirhili- niackinac. with the- wiiulinif sliori-s and tin- lu'a\ v wootlsot llu- Xorthi'in and Soutlu-rn pt'iiinsulas of Mirhi^aii. tlu' sil\ n straits bc'twcrn, and tin- picturi'sqiu- islands all about form a pano- rama to till' (.harms of which no |H'rson is vwv insrns:hk'. And to OIK- at alt intcrcsti'd in thi' (.'arly history ot Anu'riia, tlu' ploasuri' which hr may derive from tin- natural aeKanta^i's of Mackinac is intonsilicd and hrii;htcni'd by llu' associations which cluster about tlie country. Human interest and Innnan s\tnpath\ alwa\s "glorify natural scenerx . and Maikinac is ci-r- tainlv not wanlinif in these elenu-nls. For some vears past Mackinac Island has been the summer home of m\ family, and 1 ha\e I'scaped from the city's dust and cinders as often and as loti^- as I could to enjoy it with them. One of tin- pk'asantest thini,rs connected with my \aca- lions has bei'i) the enioynu'tit of the associations which cluster about the little church of the parish of St. .\nne di- Michili- mackinac. at which, of course, we are worshipers. I can never help renu'inberinif. as I kneel before its altars, that the mi.ssion was founded by that heroic and saintly priest, Mar- .^^ kr :/^ iliu'ttc: tli;it it was llu' si'i'iic tluTrafliT ot llir labors ot liis wiiiiln MKii'ssuis anioiii; •• tlir jirii'Sls (it tlu- soiii'ty ulidin two idiitiiaiils lia\t.' iKliL;lUi'il to lioiior as tlir most drMitcil aiul glorious iiiissioiiarii's: tlial it was coiitiiiurd t!iidiii;li ilark aiul lr\iii<;- tiiius to hotli cluuih and slatr wlirn I'^ri'iuli. and lCii_i,disli. and Aim-iii. ans w rii'. In turn. stii\ iiii; lor lla- niasti'iy of tlu' idiintry. and that ,ill tiiat time it has prrsrrvcd an liis- torit-. 1'i.i.li'siaslii.al (.oiitinuity. Within ils saiiisty is a sit of iuMvv Mack \rstnirnts. rlalioratrly worked with i,Mnliroid- iTv of tlu' lime of Louis XIW In thrm mass was prrhaps said at the mission wlu'ii thr i'ii,dUirnth rrntmy IkuI haitUy lH'i;un. A lihorium. too. is usril, whiih was made and sent from l-'ianci.' durini;- tlu' rfii;n of thi' ^ranil monanh. and numi'i-ous small artick'S of church furnituri' anil some rude pictures t'\identl\ of the same date can he seen there by the curious for the askini;-. The lirst chajiter in the history of Mackinac was but a short one, but il was the most intereslino- of all. It be^an wlien jacipies Marquette, in 1O71. following his Huron con- \erls. who were llviii!;- from the Westerii and the Southern shores of Lake Superior before the lierci' reven<;elul wrath of the Sioux, settled with them at Point St. Inrui^.e. as he nameil it. and built a chapel uniler which he was hurieil six yeai s after. That cha|ner closed, to the yreat i;rief of Marquelle's Jesuit successors wlio had been in chari^e of the mission and who hahed in 1 7 1 J. jirobabh- b\- l'"atlu-r Maresl. upon the ollua' sitle of tiir straits, near the sili' ol what is now known as Old Maekin;u'. This was eontenipiraneous will) the re-istablishinent of tlu' I''oit by I )i' Lou\ii;'ny. sitU for ib.ai pi.rposi' b\- the (io\ ernor (leniTal of Canada. It is staled, I knpo>ition is made in-iruipally iu'- eause of the faet that the lirst jiarish reLjistiT w hieii has eome lo oiii' limes was exiiieiilK' be^iin al that date. It may be, howe\er. that tluTe exists e\idenei' ol the building;' ol a new chiuch in 1741. I do not pretend to have madi' ;:;i_\ thoroui;'h invL'stii^alion of the malUr. lie tlial as it may. then' w a.s Sdiiic c'hureh for the .Mission u|ion ihi^' south shoi-e of tlu' straits of Maekinae from 171 J until about 1 7'^5. when il seiMus lo ha\e been taken ilow n and its maleriai used m the eonstrue- lion of tlie mission ehureli al tlu- Islaml of .Maekinae itself, whither the I'orl had bei'ii In the Iuii;lish removed ti\e years ln'fore. This se(.'ond ehapte'r in the liistorx ol .Mai,kinai'. as I wmikl (liviik- its story, lasted until tlu' AiiU'iican I'ur Coinpi'r.y hail practifalU- taki'i) i-ntiri' possi-ssioii of tin- tradiiiy,- jiost. ami it had ci'asi'd to lu' to any nriMl fXtiMit tlu' lu'adquartrrs of tlu- indcpriuU'nt traik-rs and of the old (.-oiiroiu-s dv bois. tin- voy- ayi'in-s and tlu'ir i'ni^ai;fs. It was of all this pL'riod that 1 had hoped to find tlu' I'eelrsi- astieal rei'ortl. It was one of roniantie interi'sl. not ln'causr, as tlu- pi-i'\ ioiisehaptoi- was. especially eonneeted with the glorious niissionarv zeal and efforts of the Society of Jesus, but because full of a more worldly but hartlly less adventurous spirit. With- in this period occurred the _i;ri-at French and Indian w ars. w luii. as Macaulev savs. -In order that Frederick the (Jreat nii,i;ht rob a mii;hhor whom hv had jironiised to cU'fi'ud. black nu'ii foui,dU on the coast of Coramandel and red men scalped each other b\ the <,neat lakes of North America." Then came the surrender antl cession of Canada to the l-2n_i;iish. when '• bi^'ots and panders and lackeys the fortunes of France had un- done," and after that be^ran the revolt of the .American colonies, the tinal possession of the colonies about Mackinac by the new- government anil the subsei,uenl stru^^le w ith I-:ii,i;land in w hich it was A'^iuu the co\ etetl prize of contendin<;- forces. Hut the earliest re<;ister which I'xists was, as I have said. be,L,nm in 1741. It contains a short abridgment of entries from a former register, which is declared by it still to exist in the archixts of the mission, but the abridgment is extremely short, and the oriijinal from w hich it is taken, can nowhere be found. The lirst (■(nilciitportinrtui:^ entry is the baptism of one Louis Joseph Chaboyer upon October 4. 1741. by Jean Baptiste La- morinie. a missionary of tlu- Society of Jesus, and its last is of a baptism performed by Father (Jabriel Richard, in .Vu,i,aisl. 1S21. 39 It is a iiuTi' ac'i'ick'iU llial llu' rc^isUi- iiuls jusl wlirir it dors. 'Vhv spair in tlu- book was rxliausti'd ami a lU'U oiu' lu'^im In' l"\itluT Kiihard at this last date of .\ui;'ust. iSji. 'I'lu' liiiu', how r\ IT, ic)n"c'S]iciiuls (.losch t'iioiiy;h with tlu' clost- of tin- second chapter in ihr hislorx ol Mackinac, which I ha\c pic- vionsK' indicated. A transi i iption of this register, I ha\c with nic. it is of course in I*'reiK'h. Ikdore we turn to tlu' ri'n'isler itself. I will hrielly adxHTt to the character and condition of tlu' settlement at the time this record bej^ins. It was then still in tlu' hamls of the l''rench, from which it passed in I'jbo, hut its ;!;eiural character even after the cession, was not chan^a-d ICnnlish torces however takintf the placi's of the l'"ri-nch. The settlement was of about si.\t\' families, occu]"»\ inLf as manv houses, clustered about the fori and mission house, and all surrounded by a hit;h wooden palisade. The houses, of picturesi|ue shape and ap|H'arance. were rou^oldiers, with tlu'ir otlicers and the missionaries, w ere the descendants ol former jrarrisons and the fur traders with their eiinai^es and xoya^i'iirs. From Michilimackinac these latter used every auliunn to o() out with goods for the Indians to exchange for lurs, to all parts of the western country where Indians wen- known to congre- gate. Thev went in balteau.v or birch bark canoes, each boat or canoe with a crew or company of from four to ten. Tln-se crrws wnr uiuKt lontr.ui fn)iii tlir tr;uKT> iiiul ri'nM\ rd ciu li I'lom $5<)li> $150 a \rar ami an DUttit of a lilaiikrt. two suits of loarsr ilollu'S and soinr small aiticlrs nni'ssary to llir lUiK'sl loiK'l. Tlu'N wiTi' a hardy. acUrntuious srt ot imii. who i-oiild li\r on nu'a,i;rr laii'. row llu'ir hoals all day. or CAW packs of KMi pounds on ihrir hark- through \hv idUL;h trai'kU-s woods for wrrks (om'thrr and thru spriid thr nii;hts in inu>ic and daiuini;-. In llu' wintrr thry wrir ::;i.MU'r,illy al llu'ii- various wintiT tradini;- grounds: - hy\ rrncnirnts. llv.'sr rivords i.all ihrm. and in thr spiin^ thry ranu' bark to .Mark- inar. vrfy likrlv to sjirnd in intrniprranri' and dissolute idlr- nrss dutini;- thn-r or foiu" months thr hardly rarnrd wa^rs of tlu' rrsl of till' yrar. 'rhrou^h thr rt'sult of thrir anrrstors" intrnnarria;4rs with thr Indians and thr Irsslr^al rrlalions whirh wrrr slill mori'rommon. alUlassrs. rvrn inrludini;- most of thr ollirrrs, had morr or Irss Indian blood. Somr of thr voya^-rurs wrrr almost rnlirrly Indian, olhrrs Irss so. but almost thr rntirr population of rvrry class in Markinar in 1 7 1 1. may safi'ly br supposrd to havr brrn in somr dri;rrr ronnrrlrd by birth or marriai^^r with thr savajfc's. Thrir morals, as thrsr rrnistrrs show, were none of thr strirtrst: and - natural"" rhildrrn -by sava^r mothers."" or. - of an unknown fathrr "" form prrhaps thr lar-(rst proportion of thosr whosr baptisms arr in tliis rrnistrr rrrordrd. C'on- rubina^r was a rrromni/i'd institution, thr obligations inrurrrd bv thr Irmporarv husband by rontrarl with thr pari'tils of tlu' half brrt-d or Indian ,i;irl whom hr umlrrtook to makr his mistress for somr limilrd timr wrrr rnforrrd somrlimrs r\ rii bv thr local jurisprudrncr. and al all times by the force of 41 public tipiniiin. I'ml i'li;istil\ \\,is iidI r.iU'il liii;li. Il is ;i lia- ililiini thai at alvmt llif tiim' this rr^isUT imkIs. a Imal ma^is- tialf Ih'Imih- wliiiin a I'^rnirli \()\a;4rur was piox en loliasi' (.•onimiltrti a Irloiiious assault o\\ an liuliaii Ljirl. ruiulrniiird llir I'filiiw to lni\ llir L;iii a iirw Iroik. as lir had torn hcis in tlu' si'uilli.'. aiul to woik oni' week in his ( thr justifr'si ^aiilni. It was niofi' (lislu'arlriiinL;'. iindoubtiHlK , and dilliciih lor ihr j^ood prii'sls to hd)or anions;' thrsi' |H'c.p!i'. nominal L'atlioliis. and in whom iiuK'i'd in man\ i.'asi's, inl(.'Hii;iMit and instruitrd faith M'l'ms to ha\i' Ihxmi strong;-, iiolw ithstan.iini^- ihr ilisso- liitLMK'ss of llu'ir morals, (foi-whiih in thrir hctti'r moments tlK'\- undouhti'dK' fi'lt ri'inorscfid i than it was r\iMi to |irra(.h to the iiiuorruplL'd hut payan Indians. Bill tlu'V laliori'd hopi'fullv on. as this rt.'i;istrr shows, doini; all llu'v (.'oiild and divitliiii;- their lime and laliors r\ idently between the little Freneh and h, M'-breed eolony of Maekinae. whieh the\ treated as a mission p.> ish. and the Indi.m \ illai;i'S of t!ie C)iiawas and Ojibways ( lialf Christian aiul half jtai^an i near by. Tliis rei^ister l)e<4innini;-, as I have saiil, in 17.4 r. and ending in 1S21, |-tiu"ports to be a reeoril of all I'eelesiastieal matters between those \ ears in tlu' parish ol the mission at .Maekinae. Hut it is eertainlv verv f.ir from eomplete. It is not lontinu- oii.-'. r>.i" "■•.•.anv vears together at \ arious times there was no priest residini;- \t Mackinac, and althoiii;h during these inti'r- v.ils, there are man\ curious reconls attested by laymen as will hereafter be seen. \ el it is e\ iclent from the comparative number of them, that il was onlv the more careful and thouLfluful who took pains to see diUMni;" all these years that anv record was made at all. l^ 15! In 1711. whni tlir llrsi roiitciniidraiiroiis entries were ii,;i(l/. l'".illuT Du Jaunay and l'"atluT ilr Lainoriiiic'. hotli J. 'suits. wvw f\i(lri)tl\ l(.;.;rlluT at the post In uu>yv tliaii nnr m- sta.UH' .mr scrvrd ,is u,Kilat!uT u Inlc llu' oIIht a.lnii.iiMrrnl llu' baptisn). Ill 171,^ '""l 17! 1 >'"■'•'" P''"'' ^^"'^ takr-i by l'"atiuT C'oquaiv., aiiotlirr of llir later j.'suit inivsioiiari.'s. |-,ut from 1711 until 1 7 p). a pni.ul nrarly i-onUMnpoiMii.'ous with that part of tlu' oKl I'lriuh antl Iiulian wars, known as ■• Kinj; (iiM.i-c's war." llirrc was cvidrntlv no j^rirsl in Muk- inac. From 1 7 lO t«> 1".^^ Falhrr I )u Jaunay w as a-ain in i-liar;;i'. In J75- he was I'ithiT rt'iir\ cd or visitrd li\ I'"atluT df Lainorinu- and I'atluT I ..•Iran.-, and Falhrr Li'tiaiu-and Fatiu'r l>u Jaunay scrni to h ivc ahrrnatcd in tlirir rliarur of llir mission from 175J until I7''>i. I suspivl that they rclii'x.'d im' h o'lii-r by alli'inatiiiM- In- twfc-n the si'ttk-mrnt uj^oti llu' St. Joseph riviT and tin- one at Mackinai-. Hut froiu 17C.1 until i7(>5. durin^^ whieli timi- tin- British took possession of Mackinai- and tlir massaiTi' and captmr of the fort in Fonliat's i-.)nsi>irai-y took plaee. Father Du launav was at the post. I shall alludi' heri'after to the paiM whiVh he played during that timt'. Imoui 1765 until 170s there was evidently no |M-ies1 at the mission. In r70S I^uh. r . (Jihault. styling himself hrst ••(Jrand N'iear of Loui-iana" and at;ain '• \'iear (Jeiieral of Illinois." ami who. as we know from other sources, held that titU' fron\ the liishop of (iaetn^e. visited the post upon his way south to arrange, if possible, the question of jmasdietion coneerninn- the lower Illinois mission with the Capuehins of New Orleans. In 177.=^ Father (Jibaull inatle an. )ther brief visit. From that time on utitil 17S6. the period of the Revolutionary War. there' was anain no dvv^y- 43 iiKiii ulio I'M'ii iii.ulc a \ iMt to llir silllriniiil. In I7;'i,iiul 1777. l'"at!irf l'a\il was lluTi' lor iwn niunliis in tlu' suinnirr 1)1 r,n li Ni'ar. AltiT lli .1 loi sf\cii \cars, no prii^l visits tlu' rliiuili. 'I'lirii lor Iwii or tin rr nioiitlis a l)oniinir,m iiainnl I.idiii, sl\ Hm^l; hiiiisi'll •■ a:i apo>tolii' inissioiiars iirir>l."" |iit- loiins niarrian'cs ami I'rU'hr.itrs ba;i;isins lir a priioil o| two or ilnri' niontlis. In 171/) I'"alluT l.c\,uloii\ makes a \ i.^it to the mission. sl\ \:\\rll •• \'ii ar i^ciirral ol .Mon>irm' llic lli,--liop ol riallimoiT." { \i to lliis time, tln'ou^h the L;ir,it drlax pur- posi'K made In tlif IJritisli in i .nryinL; out llie trratu's ol 17^^ .md I7v(. iIh' po>t at Miihiliina.kina^- had no'^ bi-iMi taken posse.-^sion of In the Anuri.ans. In OiIoIkt. i7w'>. twomni- paiiifs ol tlu- Inilid Siatt's afiny I of the ist infantin ) airixed and look ]iossession, an 1 in 1799. thi' man w ho, allhwui;!) a l'"i\'neinn,in In liiftli. ma\ Irom his i.ai"eer, he railed llu' llist distinetix il\ Ameriean priest, l'\itlu'r (iabriv'l Kiehard. in the fiunseof an extended tour of tlu' north-w e,>lt'rn missions, ar- rived al .Mai.kinai.', whi're he made a slay ol about three montlis. In iSoj he seiil from Detroit his assistant. l''ather i)!l!u't. in iSji antl as the subsevpie.il ri'ijisler shows, an.nn in iS.;_^, I the last lime just after his election as ilelei^ate to the .\mei'k an L'on^re.ss fr.mi ihe Terrilorvol Miihi^an 1 I''atluT Riehard was at .Maikinac. When, upon ai.,n\'ful t'xamin.ition ol tlu' reL;ister. il lu'eaine appareiil to me how simuU it realK' was. and lor how m uiy \ lai .oL;elher. duriui;' the niosl inU'reslinij periods, liu'ie w I'ri' no enlriis al all lo be founil. and when 1 realized furtlu'r that il was principalU . afti'r all, iust what it pmp oiled lo be-, a mere rei'ord of bapli.ms. marriages and dealhs. lacking' in, my ol the oilier and more aUcreslinL; fealures, w hicli, .is I remember il, 44 ;iir iharaiti'iislu iA \hr rr-isUT at K;i>kaskia 1 \\a> soiih'- uliat ilisappoirUcl. and I traivil il u-.uKl In' diiruull tu uuikv 111,' matt.r which apprarc.l in it as iiiliTi'sliiin; i'\ ni l(.\nu as it was t(. I1U-. Init I liavi'stiuhniit.atUT all. with roiisiiUiahU' lart'. ami lluic all' sninr i.hsrrv ations 1-. hv maiK' iipnii the n'^istcr or iri.M-.l itsrlf which ina\ ihn.w somr liniit upi)H iim-sliuiis of iiitrrrsl. or al Irast MiU'i^i'St mu h ipii'stii.ns tor inorr caffful iii\ I'sli^atioii. I have alluilfd t" thr i-oiiditions of liiciitiousiu' and thr InishlopiTs of litis fronti. linn-post, and thr iiisuHkii'nl intluciii-.' of lluir nominal nliijioiis t'onviiiions upon ihi'in. I am afraid tlu'\ would havr hci'ii iiointnl out In thi' I'uritans of N\'W I'ainland as frinhHul I'xami^lrs of thr i ffnt of Calholii' ti-ai-hinn-. lUil of coinsr nothing rould ha\ i- bri'ii mori' unjust. Tlu'ir xiiH'S spran;;- tr"Ui I'lf pn uliar liivumstamt's ol tlu'ir location and tlu'ir life, and ffoni the natural tempefament of one who has a union of iMeneh and Indian Mood. Their eharaeter and morals uiuloi'btedly made the work of the mis- sionarv hard, hut il did not detract from its di-votion. By comparino- the dates of entries of marriages and baptisms it is fasy to see how often when the father or mother of ilK- .ritimate children brought them for baptism, or when the ,i;ooil priest ha-^inii. I niiHinhi'f mu' liH t wliirli iiiUicstcd iiir lu'i .msr I kiiuw m pmclliiii;^ ul a siait- liii^ iiuidctit ill llii' lilt' 1)1 llic lallit-r nl llir tliilihcii and llir sulvscijiu'iit luidiniiioin. ()iic Luiiis 1 laiiiliiii'. who was a sulditT. wliii liilioui'd C'liaiirs I )i- l„aii;nlacK' lliniu^li in.mv i'ainpai:;ii.s ( ul L'liarli's I )r l^in^ladr I iiiiMii to sa\ Miiiii'tliiiii^ liciralli'i' ). was in i 777 inarrird l)\ l^'allirr l'a\fl to Jusi'tlr La SaMr. a sa\ai;r w oiiian. soiiic i liildifii ot tluiis lia\ iiii; just briorc that tiiiic lu'i'ii bapli/i'd. Sonic \ cats Ixlorr without In'iii^ nianifd hr had brought ollirr and oldrr iliililnn b\ ihf saiiu' wdinan to br bapti/i'd. I am iiu liiird to think that llu' fxhortatioiis ol tlu' ;^iiod latlur in 1777 wnc sup|>liniinlrd b\' an aw ikfiiiiiLJ ol i-onsiiiiuc toi- wliiih tliiTf was itrtainlv <)p|i()rtunit\- as this sainc Louis 1 iainliiif had in thai yrar while si'ttiiiL; trout liiu's through the iic. bciii lanii'd oil b\ a .sudiK'ii wind, wliiih ditailu-d tlu' ii. i' in a i^iral lloc troin llic land, as lii'i|ui'iill\ happens in the straits ol Maekinae. I'"or niiK' da\s with ^real fortitude and iiiduianee he had li\eil without looil until a faMnable wind arising, the iie was a^aiii blown to the shore. 01 course in spi-akin^f of tlu'si' reeords as ihrowini;" lii;ht upon tlu' dissolute cbaraiter of the setllenient. I am not ri'lei"- I'iiiLj to an\ of the aels whieh were bappih' nunuTous, where in the abseiut' of tlu' priest. inarriaL^es peileetK \alid both uiuler the eivil and eeelesiasiieal law wei^e eoiitraeti'd in the abst'iuH' of the iiiiest. tlu' |-elii:,nous leremoin alone beini;' sujiplied wlu'ii the priest eame to the settlement, hi these unions tlu're was of course nothing;' iiumoral or ei-nsuralile, and I think it is hardly realized to-day how carefully the Catholie ehureh teaehes that tile sacrament of marriage absolutely requires neither priest 46 nor witiu'ss. The I'ssemc of ihr siR-ranu'iU is in the consent of partirs. So tr;uli all the throlooians. iJul how lUTfe'Clly this was iiiuU i-slood h; llu' iiistrurli'tl (.atholics al Mackiiiai.-, tiuTr an- soiiir curious uiilrii's to attest. Ouc partirular easr fn.ni which I will luTraflrr quote, that of e'hark's ( Jauthicr cU- \iiTvillr. could have hardly been ht'tter expressed had it been drawn bv a doctor of the vSorb )nne. Inhere is another matter to which 1 think the rei,nster bears interesting- testimony. It has been a loo common opinion, sprin lii"- cunistancfs lir almost a|iolo^'i/.(.'s for llir wanl ol prr|iai'ation ot Ills (.atvcluimLMis. Thus, in spi'akini; of two Indians who wrrr dan!4i'ronsl\- ill. and who aftfrwards dird. he sa\s •• thry dv- maiuU'd baptism with ;L;rt.'al oaniL'stnL'ss. and promised to be in- striKted and to li\c as Ciirislians.'" In this oiitbnak ol the small-jiox there are ei'rtilieali's liy l''ather Leirane of the bap- tism of at least tliirt\- ehildri'ii. many of them inlants. whom he sa\s lie found "abandoned and dan^'erously siek with die small-pox." Il is i'\ident that tln're was a yreat panie amoni;' the natives at the visitation of this ti'rrilili' scourge, anil that leather Lefrane. like al' the Jesuit missionaries m a like ease, went from eabin to cabin in tiie Indian \illa<;i'. seeking; out the sick and d\ in^. Although il does not (.'xaetly a]ipear ( at least not to me. who cannot tell the difference hetwi'en Ojibway .md Ottawa names). I think it is probable that tb.is pestik'nce oc- cm-red in the Indian xilla^e nearest the tort that of tie Ojib- wa\s. upon the Island ot ^Iackinac. As I ha\ . -nnu'ested fiefore, tlu' thoroughness of the in- struction is I'videiiced by the character of many of the lay en- tries which weri' made dmini;' the loni;' alisence ol the priests froiu the cluu'ch. Here is a liter;d translation ot the one most elaborate. It is of the marriage of a \ui\u of whom I shall have somelhiuL;' more to say henatti'r. ••In the \ear 1779. the lirst of Januarv. before noo; . we. the undersiirncd. on the part of Sieiu- Charles (jaulier de \'ii'r- xillc. Lieutenant-Captain and inter|-)reter of the Kinj;-. son of Claude (Jermaine de \'ierville and of Therese \'illeneuvc, 1 4« liis fatluT and niotluT. ck-Cfased, and of Ma<^(k'U'itu' Clu valiiT. daui;liUT (if llu' latf Tasfal Oievalirr and of Madeline Dairh l^vLHiiU', luT niollu-r: in order lo c-onlinn the allianei' whieli a virtuous love nuitually leads llu'in to eoiitraet lot;i'tlier. and to erown tin- lires that nuitual tencit'rness has lii,dued in their lu'arts. before our Mother, the Holy L'hureii. of which they are nu'ndiers. and in the bosom of whieh they wish lo live and die. have <;-one to the housi' of Sieur Louis Chevalier, unele of the future bride, to reiuove every obstacle to their desires, and to assure them, so far as in us lies, of days full of sweel- ni'ss and of repose. There, in the presence of tlu' future hus- band and wife, of tlu'ir rt'lations and of their friends, we have placi-d upon tluMU the followin;;- conditions, namely : The said future husband, in the dispositions reipiired by the Holy Roman Church, and acconlini;- to the order wiiich siie has im- posed upon her children, jiromises to lake for his wife and le<4itimale spouse Mau'deline Chevalier, who, upon her part, receives him for her husband and le<;itimate consort, having; Ihe full and entire consent of all their relatixes. in virtue of this, the husband (lakin-;- the wife with all her rights for the future in that part of her heritage which is due to her, and which must In- deli\ ered to her at the ijrst requisition, to be held in conunon), in order to increase tlie property of his bride, and to show by it the e\u 'ine tenderness which he lias for her, settles upon her the suiu of a thousand crowns, taken from the goods whicli they shall acquire together- in order to provide for the necessities which the accidents of life may perhaps cause to arise. The future spouses, to assure for the alliance which they are contracting -peace, repose and the sweets of well-being to the last moment of their lives— will 49 [^h( valiiT. iiK' 1 )ar(.h r whic'li a or. ami to d in llu'ir liifh llu'V :<) Vwc and lifi". unck' ■ir (U'siri's. of SWl't'l- ulure hus- >, \\ c liavi.' The said IJK' Holy lie has ini- < wife and 1 Ikt part, )rt, having n virtue of hts for llie to her, and ition, to he erty of his lieh he has wns, taken in order to )f life may ure for the se and the lives — will and eonsent, in ordi'r that they may t.iste witliout irouhle tin- felicity that tiu'y look for, that their propert\ should be pns- si'ssed by a full and entire title by the survivor after the diMth ot one or tlie other, to he oivi'ii alter the (U'atii of sueli sur- \i\()r to their ehildren. if llea\ en. fa\ orahle to tlu'ir tU'siri's. aeeords tiiem these worthy fruits of their mutual lo\f: hut if the >urviv()r wishes to eontraet a new alliance, iti that easi' the contraetinif party must aeioimt to inheriting- ehildri-n. and di- vide with them. If lleaxi'u, deaf to their \-oiie. shall refuse them a lej^ntimate heir, the last survixor ma\- disposi' of all the ^foods atrordini^- to his or her will and jileasme. witliout lu'iiii^r molested by the relati\t's I'ither of one or of the other. This, they (k't-lare is their will while waitini,^ to appro\i' and ralif\- it before a notary, and Po supplement the ceremonies of mar- riai^e by a jiriest, when they shall have the power to do it."' The provisions here concerning- propertv disposition are ac- cordin,2, 1 ha\e soleinnh ha|ni/ed a yount; lu-j^n-o about 20 \ears of aye, helon<'-inn to but on. other uKUler, and thai is to Uvo or Ihree allusions which are contained in it to Chicago, it was not till after the close of the entries in tins register that L h.ca^o U.came anv thin,- to the people of Michilimackinac, but an out- post kn..wn as the Chicaj,n> portage, but now that tins ^v.ai citv is here, it naturallv becomes interesting to tind the reler- 1 ;iii iii- rds ami )ltilUK'll li m into H' (.(Uin- artiiular 1, w lio'^c tliri'i' lit • Jusliii's uiuTiiaii li it liail L's should tinu' lu' and tlu'ii. I'l'aeH- of •(.■t.'i\ I'll a tratlitioiis u- al Irast iiiu'Ul did iliabilanls i-fivi'd iH) Mackinac. 1 will call to i\vo or It was not it L'hicatfo mi an out- this i^n-cal the rcfcr- ftKi's toil in siuh a record as this. 'I'hc lirsl th.it I noticed is in llu' ahrid^nnent iroin the pn'cedini; fecord. with which this re;^ister opens. l''or u|>on the |{;th o! .\pril. 17,^5. it apju'ars that there was hapli/.ed Louis, sl,i\e ot .Monsieur de (.'hinnaucouit. a^ed twetn\- \eai"s. IK'neath theeiitrx, in hitteiiuss of hrart. the priest has written al anotluM" tinu'. •• /u'Cdiiihuii-. fs. baptisms. niarriaKi-s, and ilratlis. ll is .,..1 paitirulaily t.. tlic prit-t- wli.. havr ^i^nrd tlu' ot- tilUatrsmthrsr iv-islffs. t., wlmn. 1 a.n ivlrnin-. but yrl brlnrr I sprak of otluT names morr iutcTcMiMn still, let mo call vour attention to somelliin-' that may be said .4 them. For inslanei'. u e knou that Father de Lamorinie. uho makes thr first eontemporaneous enf.y in this re-ister in lyp. wi's afm-Nvards at the mission (,n .^t. Joseph river and, bein- driven from there bv the vieissitudes of the I'reneh and hulian war. uenl to minister to U.e settlers at the missio,, of St. liene- Nii've. not far from the present site of St. Louis. IJy virtue of an infamous deeree of the .Superior L'ouneil ot Louisian.i. an insit,niilieanl body of provincial otlke.s. u ho un- dertook in I70,^ to eondenm the Soeiety <.f Jesus, and K. sup- pa.ss the order within Louisiana, he was seized, althou-h upon I'.ritish soil, and with otlur priests from .Kaskaskia ami \ m- een>ies. taken to Neu Orleans, and sent from there to Fratue. with ..rders to present himself to the Due de Choiseul. This uas his reuaal tor tlu' zeal and assiduity and devotion wliieh he luul manifested in his mission. Father Lefrane and Fati>er Du Jaunay wire then left alone as the last lesuit missionaries in this wi'stirn eountry. ' Father Hu jaunav was at .Maekit.ae at the tinie of I'ontiae's conspiraey. On the :d of June, i-J(K^,^hv Indians attacked 57 pll ISUIl'. or.iiH'ous IS in llii^ lit (if (lur SI' wlu'lr jfi's, and 1 till' (vr- . but yrt 11. let nil' tlu'm. ho makfs 7 11. was i)j4 ilri\ I'll idiaii war. '^t. Ijl'IU'- L'ouiu'il nt ;. w Im Uii- 11(1 lo sup- jut^h upon and \'m- lil I'^MIUl.'. ,'UI. This ion which 1 Irl'l alniK" V. f I'ontiac's s aUacke'd I'^iiit Mai'kiiiai-. massarriii;^ iiiusi of the ;^aiiisoii, and niakinij pri>c)iu'rs III the (illiiiTs. all III w hirh i-> ^iMpliii ,ill\ di'^t i ihcd in Parkinan's Ilistmx nl ihr C'(in>pii,u \ nl I'uiiii.n. \\\ l''allu''r dii Janiiay, llir lapliiii'd C'apl.nii I'alii'iin^hiii miii a Irlti'i- si II Hi iy all IT wards to .Majui- ( iladw \ n. w Im w as llu'ii hr- sii'^rd by l'onti;n' hiinsrll in llu' Imi ;ii ! )il i ( lit, iiskin^; lor assistaiui' w liK li. imuiv rr. ( ilaibv \ n was pllW(^l^.•^s lo ^i\i'. Dlijaunay went, ami of i oiii>r thioii^li his irilhuinc with llic Indiaiiswast'iiabli'dtoiari) llu'iiolr iiilolhc lori. C'.iptain I'JIuT- inH'ton says of him in his IrtUT: •• I ha\i' luiii \ rr\ niiu h oblii;i'd lo tlu' ji'Miit 1(11- till' many i^ood olIii( he has done mi this (Hiasioii. Ill' siTiiis iiuliiii'd to i;ii dow n lo \oiiiposi lor a day or two. whiih I am xi'ry i^iad of. as he i> a xcrx ^ood man. and has a i^ii'.it di'al to sa\- with liic sa\ai;rs lu'ri.'aboiit. who will bilii'M' i'\ I'l-ythini^ he tclU ihrin on his n'liirn." Ik' lH't;s him to st'iul the priest bark as soon as possi- bli', as llR'y will W in ;4rt'at med of him. In a diar\ ol llu- sit'Hi' (if Di'lroil, pnblishi'd in till' Miihi^an historical colic. ■- lions, it ajipcars that I-'athcr I )ii Jaiinay K'ft Detroit upon his return upon the jotli of June, i ;''l,^ 'llie hillowin- is the entry in the diary : •• This mornini;' the commandant i;a\e to the Jesuit a memiaandum of what he should sa\ to the Indians and I'rencli at .Michilimackinac. as also to Captain i'-therin^- ton. seeiiiLj that he did not choose to carr\- ,i letter, sasinj^ that it he did and wi'ri' asked by the Indians if he had one. he should be obliged lo ^ay yes. as he had ne\-er told a lie in his life." .Mler l'"ather Du Jaunay k'ft the mission at .Mackinai. lie became su|H-rior of the mission at St. josi'ph. and remaiiu'd in the west until 1774. and then returned to l-'rance to die. In 1825 a missionarv xisitini;- the Indian eoimrci'ation es- i 58 ,,bli.lu.l.l .\,hi. C'r.ul.r.nmiiikraihat ihr mr.nnry nf !• atluT l)u |;ui....v vv.>s r.liunusK ,.,v>.. vr.l aniun- all ll.r trihrs. a-ul ,|,/,,l;u,.\sas p-.inl.a nut in l.in, whnv thr pru'sl u^l tl:r rnl.i,nvss .,i Ihr Initr.l Slates to snul tlutn Jrstiit priests tn lake ihr ph,,, tlu.N said, ••oi 1-atluT DMjaut.av.ulu. lived u:ll' us ,n .„„. ,ii,,;„ .,, Arbtr rtuehe. atul rt.llivatol a lirKl a. nur ,,,,itu,vi.. ...cUTtu ,eaehi.sthr,Mi.Kiplesnia-iieult,i.vaiHl C'lirisliaiiil\ ."" . . KalluT ('iibaiill. vNhnse entries as viear-vnefal ot Lnii.siai.a ,„a Illinois 1 have reierred to, was in Kaskaskia as a resuletU p.iesl in 177^. ami muleiiook then a mission to \ „ue,>nes on l,,,,„l, „!■ (ieor.ue Rogers L-lark. and sueeeeded in ind.tein^ its inhabitants to deelare lor tlu' Ameiieans. (iabriel Kiehatd uasa most ivnafkable man in very many wavs. (.'on.in- l'".n K.a.iee. a Sulpu ian priest, in i7'>-- ';*■ w.'s sent bv I'.ishop L'ar.oll ot lialti>n..re. to tl.e settletnents m ,h,llHnois"tor two purposes. KitM. that as bein^ ni the same raee at.d lan^ua^^e, he .n,-l.l -ive regular pastoral eare to the l.-,,neh and Ca.tadians and their ball-breed deseendants, who h;,d. sinee the ba.-lish oeeupation. fallen it.losneh sad need ol if ;„h1 seeotuUv. that he nn-ht develop and ene..ura,-e ,n ,lus western eoun.rv a new growth of the Catholie riunvh ,,,„n ,,.ots that should strike more deeply than the ok K,,,Hh nnssi..ns e.mld into the newly-borti Ameruan hie and national eharaeter. In 179^- ab-r labors whieh had beeatne n,ore atul n.ore fruitful as the yc.trs wetU on. he was withdrawn from llli.mis. and wem .0 Detroit, and at Detroit. Irom .70 1 nil ,Sr- l>is ai.n attd mait, uork lay. To-day his statue upon utn n'.s. iiiul UMi'il I" 'oiii^Trss ;ikr iIh- 111) u^ in I in (lur tiiir ami ^(luisiana i-csidiMit ■lines (in Im in^' its i\ many i7(>j. lu' I'liuMits in llic sainr 111' to iIk' lilts, wild il lU'rd <>t iiurai^'v' in c C'liunli II llu' old III lil'r and tl briMiiu' aillulrawii from 1701 ilaUK' upon 59 tlif iiohlc Luadc ol tin' iil\ hall ol |)rlroil prcsiTV I's Ini its iiiliahit, lilts his iihuk.iv as oiir ol ihr lit>i and iiio>l iiiiiior. taut |)ioiirt'rs ol Mil InMaii. ' ''■ loiiiid liiii.' as ihcM' rriords show to malsr p.isloial \ isils to the almost abaiidoiii'd Indians and hall-hiitils. I''iriu h \ o\ - amiiis and IradiTs in all the Indian missions ahoiil. Uul. as I lia\r said, his main work was at Drlroil. He was thfii- jL;i\rii a liiT hand. 1 Ir ciilari^cd and improved all the jiaro- iliial and mission sihools; he o|n'nrd an aiadeiiu ol a \r\\ liii;li ilass lor the higher eiUu-alion ol women: he instil uled and larried on a ihrolo^iial scininarx : he supplied his sehools w ii li olu'iniial and astidiiomieal apparatus, 110 eas\ task at the tiine in whirh he did it. In iSoj. riMli/inn' that i-ai^lish and ihe I'vtij^iisli lon;;iie weii' always to he in liie asi eiideiu \ in Aiiier- K-a, In- fstahlished a si'iies ol l'aii;li>h sermons to be i^isa'ii e\ery Sunday in llu' rouneil house ol the dieii lu'wiy i-slablislu'cl TtTritorv ol .Miehinaii. In iSoi lie imported troin ICurope for his ihiireh in hetroit the lirst or^aii that was t.'\vr brought to the Xorlhwcsl. Diu-in^r the war and alter the surrender of Detroit, the laii;-- lish imprisoned liini upon llu- ground that he w as iiisli;L;ator and e\i iter of anti-l'-nn|i,sii feelinjr. In iSji, as we have seen, he was at .Maekinai' and he also went to (iit-i'ii Hay. I do not /,// 1:.; hu\ I taniiot help eoii- jei'luriiiH- thai lie w.is a passi'ii^^er in the seeoiid trip (■ser made by a steamboat upon Lake Michigan or Lake Huron. It is certain that the jiioiiet'r sleanu'r, W'alk-in-Water, left Detroit for Mackinac upon July,^i. iS_>r. and that l-"ather Richard apiH'ars to jia\-e reached Mackinac just about the lime the steamer did, in the early days of August. It certaiiiK would be i 1 6o quit, in acH-or.lanc-. with his charactc-r to have thr .l.s.r. I., nr.knhistrip. If h.aicl.hchaa for a ompani.m Uu' Krvnvml Klra/eT Williams, s., wrll knoan in cunnrclion uilh h,s daun to U- thr s..n of Louis WI. and ihr Dauphin oi Krancr. In .S-, FalluT Kidianl n as v\vcWd as a dc-U'-aU- to C on- ,n-c.ss froin ihr Irrritorv of Miehi^nuu the o.dy insUuKT m whKh a Catholic c.cc-U.siasti. has hc-n, .^ff.rcd or acxvpted such a po- silion. Whilr in Washin-U.n h. Inranu- a urrat favntc amon-st his collca-urs and in thr socirty of tin. cap.lal. He made^at Last our iniportant sp.rch. h was o.nccrnm- a pro- posed appropriatiou for a military road from Detroit to 1-ort Dearhorn and the mouth of the Chica.Ljo Kiver. In ,Sr. in a visitatio., ..f the Asiatic cholera at Detroit Father Richard, then almost seventy years old. devoted hnnself so conslantlv to the sick and dvin^-. as to cause h.m hnally, en- tirelv Nvoni out. to succund, t<. the dread disease. I5v us dvin"..- hed were the saintly Fe.nvick. his l^.slmp. and his voun^.er friend and disciple, Frederick Bara.ua. uho af.er- ;vards became the bishop of Marquette, and u as destined to revive in his own person the -lories of the very -reatesl and earliest of the Indian missionaries. Of the numerous lax-men. soldiers, traders and voya-eurs, whose names and signatures appear freciuently in this register, and concerning xvlu.m history has more or less to ^^^ Pei- haps the most striking and interesting li-ure is Charles Michel i Aiiuust. ,75 J. lu-. ;, ,nissi,,„ary prii'st of the company ot Jesis, received the mutual consiTU to marria-v of Lc Sieur l)e Lannlade and Charlotte A.nhroisine IJomassa. '^-"1' inhahilants nf this post, in the presence „f the muler- .si,i;ned witnesses." To this certilicale are std.serihed the names of the principal inhahitants of .Maekim: - :. the time, includino- that of - llerhin.- commanding- at the post. Mad- emoiselle Hourassa was the daui,diler of an Indian trader of suhstance and standino-. recently removed to .Mackinac froiu .Montreal. The re-ister shows that he must have had a lar-e iamily. and hoth Indian and iie^ro slaves. (■'"Ilowing the marria-e. occur at intervals, careful certili- cates of haptis.n of various children of Monsieur and of Mad- ame dc Lanulade. and in the capacity of nodlalher and witness. Charles de Langlade has left his si^^nature scores of times in ' is register. I do noi know whether any of you are f uniliar with his life but it is one of the most nanantic and stirrin- of anv of our pioneers in the West, and he is knoun ainon- the inhahilants of a neighhorino- stale as - the hmnder of Wisconsin." His father was .\u,irustin Laniflade. who was. at a vi-rv early pe- riod in the eighteenth centurv. a fur trader at ".Mackinac Aun-ustin Lan-lade married a sister of the principal chief of tl.c Ottawas. and Charles de Lan-lade was therefore a true half-hreed. Ills early education in letters was undouhtedlv one of tin- i^iresof Father I)u jamiay, hut his earlv educadon inarms wa.s at the .solicitation of his sava-e uncle, intrusted to him. Fn i^l^. heinu- then hut live years old. he was : llowed hv his 1 : I 62 I ! tatluT. uiulrr the rnlri'alirs of llu' IiuHaiis wiio liad takrn a taiR\ to liiin. to atfompany a war I'xpcditioii ot liis mule against a iribr allird to tlir l':iin;lish. his falhcr adjurin^f liini upon sriulin^ liim away, to sliow no fi'ar. W lien lie was six- \vvu \ rars of aui.'. his father ami he established a tradiiij^f post at (ireeii 15a v. 15a\ des Puaiits. as it was called in those days. And from thai tinu' tlu' son resided allernately at (ireeri Bav and at Maikinae. when lie was not absent upon his numerous militar\ I'xpeditions. Aifaiiist the Saes and Foxes, at tlu- head of a band of Otla- was. LaMi;latU' made frt'ipuMit expeditions after the establish- ment at (irei'ii ISay was made, to protect tin- new settli'uient or to revi'n<;e and punish cU'predations. In 1755 there broke out the S.-ven Years War. The h'reneh >,ro\ernnu'nt wiselv undertook to secure, in ordt'r to aid the re<,nilar troops and tlu' Canadian militia, a contingent ol the sa\an'es and coureurs de hois, who wi're to be iountl about the diffi'reiil tratliun- stations. The command w as entrusted to Charles de Lani;lade. Inited to the sa\ai,a-s by the lies of blooih b\ the similarity of liabits. familiar with their !anuuai;e anil with their motles of warfai-e. of pro\ en courage and abil- ilv. Langlade was exactly the man h)r the situation, lli' nr- trani/ed a troop of at least 1.500 Indians and half-breeds, who rallied willin^b under tlu- 1-^rench tlay aj^ainst the hated En>f- lish. Amoni;- his foUowi'rs is believed to ha\e been the chief- tain afterwards so f.imous. I'oiuiac. but this is by no means certain. This most effective body, Langlade led to Fort 1 )u Quesne. and ujion the 9tli of July. 1755. about half of his forvi'. with him at its head, toi;ether with ^50 Frenciimen under lieaujeau, w ho commanded at Fort Du Quesne. marched out 1 takrn ,i his uiuK' ifinj^f him was si\- (linj^ post osi' tla\s. rc'iri Hav iuiinL'r()ii> 1 of Olta- I'stahlish- ;fttlt.'iiuMU H' l"'n'iuli o aid llie III of tin- iiul alioul itrustrd to u' lirs of laiimiap'i' ■ and ahil- . IK'nr- ■I'ds. wlio It I'd Kn^- tho chii-f- iio nu'ans I) Fort 1 )u f his foivc. K'U UIldlT rchtd out i trom thi' post andsurprisrd upon tin- .Moiiou^lirla ri\ it. tlu'anux ot llraddock. iuiinl)iTinM- at Irast j.ock) iiumi. Tlu' trnihli' rout ol thr ICu^lisli army upon thai da\- is too wi'll known to nrrd n'-ti'lliii^. (irornr Washiiii^ton. who was prrsrnt, in connnand ot tlir \'iri^nnia militia, could onl\- sa\ of it. •■ w r ari' IhmU'ii. shanu'fuily hi'ati'ii. Iiy a handful of sava<;t'S and I'l-cnch- mrn." 'I'hv shari' ot De Lannladr in this \i(.-tor\ . liu- honor of whicii really i-ntiri'ly Ix-loui^s to him, lias not hrrii sullicii'nlU riTo^iiizi'd b\- historical writc'i's. wlio niakt.' lu'aujiau its lu'id. hul the contrmiiorary accounts Icaxc no doubt in m\ mind of his ri^httul claim to the distinction, (icmral l)Uii;-o\ iic, in a letter to Lord (icorj^i' (icrmainc. in 1777, spcakitu;' of huhaii allies whom lu' e.\|iecled, says: ■• I am informed that the ()l- tawas aiifl other Indian (rilu's. who are two da\ s' march from US. are brave and faithiul. and that the\- practice war. and not pillage. I^'lu'y are under the orders of Monsiiair tie Laiinladi'. the \ery man who. with his troops, projected and ext'cuted Braddock's deft-at." In 1750 Laiiulade was put in charge of a det.iclmient of French and Indians, ami made numerous expeditions from Fort Du (juesne. In 1757 he caiiu' back from llu' wfsiatthe head ot several huiidred natives and joined .Montcalm, and after that summer's campaign he received from the (jo\ ernor of L'anada 1 \'audreuil 1 orders lo reporl at the post in Mackinac as >econd in commaiul to Monsieur lieaujiMu, wli;) w.is a brother of his old comrade at I'"orl Du (^uesne. In 1759 Lan;;la(K- leit .Micliilimackinac for (Quebec at llu' heiMi oi a bod\ o( Iiulians. and joini'd the arnn of (he Marquis di- Montcalm. It is e\ iiieiit that there wi'ic linu's befoie the fatal (la\ aliovi- the i'laiiis of Aliraliam dii llu' i_^th of Srptnn- luT. 1759. wlu'M. had his ail\ iii' Ihhii folloui'd. tiu' armyot Wolfi' iniL;lit ha\i' Ihtii (.Mitiri'ly drslnn t'd. Init hv was not allowi'd tlu' usr of tliat disuctioii which iiad |irovcd so \ aluahii' U|ioii thf Moii()iiL;'aht.la. I U' was at thi- hattk' on the i.U'i <>' Si'pti'ndu'r and had two brothrrs sliot by ; -. sidi-. Six days aftiTwards (^iK-bre suiTeiidiTid. Laii^ladr thoiij^lit thr ca|iitulation cowardly, and rrtirrd in dis;4usl to Mackinai.-. wluTc he found awaitini^ iiini a lieutenant's eoinniision in the Freiuh arniv si<;iu'd Iw Louis W. .\;;ain Langlade joined tile arni\ and was present at the last \ ietory of the l''reneh and L'anachans on the jSth of April, 1760. upon the same lield where Monteahn had been pre\ iously defeated. IWit the end was approaehiiii;-, and the hopelessness of tlu- eause Ihmiil; recognized, l.ani^hule was sent witii his Indian troops back to the west, where shortlv after he received the followin;;- letter from \'auilreuil : ••' MoNTKKAi . Ninth of Septendier, 17O0. •' 1 inform vou, sir, that I ha ^ to-day been obli!:fed to capit- ulate to the armv of (leneral ..niherst. This city is. as you know, without defenses. Our on\M> wi're considerably di- niinislu'd. our means and resources exhairsted. W e were sur- rouniled Iw three armii's. amouiuiniL;- in all to twenty thousand men. (jeneral Amherst was. on the sixth ot this month, in sin'ht of the walls of Uiis cit\ . (Jeneral Murray within reach of oni' of our suburbs and the ai'uiy ot Lake L'liamplain was at La Prairii' Lon^ueil. •• I'nder these liicumstances. with nothiiiL!; to hope from our efforts, nor even from the sacrilice of our troops. I ha\e atl- visedh decided tt) capitulate to (lencral Anih":-l upon condi- ^\s )[ Sfptrin- u' ;irmv (it K' was not ■;() \ aliiahk- lliL' i,Uli of Six (lavs ()Ui;lit the Mackinai.-, isioii in the [IdiW' joiiH'd I'^ri'iuh and sanu' Held )Ul tlu- entl ausf being )j)s baek to )\viiii;" letter HT. 1760. ed to capit- is, as you iderahly di- e were sin^- t\' thousand h of this ral Murray IN' (»l Lake )p(' from our I ha\e ail- upon eoiuli- tions \ ery advantai^'eous for tin- eolouists. atul pai'tieularU for the inhabitants of Miehiliinaekinae. indi-ed. llie\ retain the Uw evenisr ot iju'ir religion: they aix' in lintained in the pos- session of their floods, real and |iersonal. and of their ]H'ltiies. I''hey haw also frt'e tradi' just the sanu' as the propt'i" sub- jects of the kinu- of (Jreal IJrilain. '■The same eonditions ari' accorded to the militarv. 'I'hev can appoint pt'rsons to act for them in their absi'iu'e. 'I'he\, and all citizens in i,rt.,iiTal, can sell to the ICn^lish or l-'rench their ^oods. sendiuL;- the pi-oceeds thereof to I-'rance. or taking- them with them if they choose to rt-turn to that couiUrx aftt'r the |H\'ce. Tlu'y retain their nen'roes and I'awni'e Indian slaves, but will be oblii,ri'd to restori' those which ha\-e ln'cn taken from the ICn^lish. 'I'he luii;lish (u'lU'ral has declared that the Canadians ha\e bi-come tin- subjects of His lirittannic Majesty, and consetjuently the pi'opk' will not coiUimie to be goveriu'd as heretofore by the b^i'iich code. '• hi rcLjard to the troops, the condition has been imposed upon tiu'in not to ser\i' durini;' the jiresent war and to lax- down their arms behire beinn- sent back to France. Wni will therefore, sir, assendili- all the othcers and soldit'rs w ho are at your post, ^'ou will cause them to lav down their arms, and you will i^roeeed with them to such st'aport as vou think best, to pass from thence to France. 11ie citizens and inhabit.mts of Michilimackinac will conseipiently be under the counnand of the otiicer whom (/eneral .Xndu'rst shall appoint to that post. " ^'ou will forward a copy of my letti'r to St. Josepli and to till' nei_i,dib()rin>4- posts, in order that if an\- soldiers remain there they and the inhabitants ma\ conform thereto. " I count upon the pleasure of set'iiii;- xou in I'^ranci' with all \our otiicers. 66 >■ I \\A\v i1k' hdiior lo br \ riy siiKiTclv . Mniisiiur. xour very luiinbU' aiitl mtv olu'ilii'iil si.T\ant, >■ \'ai i)Ki;i II.." In 17O1 llu' I'ji^lisli arri\r(lat l'''.)ii .Mackinai.'. Thf ICn^iisli DlliciT. lOllirriiimoii. iiniU'd Laii^ladi' lo ri'sidc as bt'fori' at tlii' lort. aiul loiiliTii'd uitli him upon all iiiu'.slioiis ot local admiii- istratioiK a iiri'caiilioii wliiih |iro\ I'd thrrralUT ol i^riMt srr- \kv. In lyd^iii du' ii)nspir.ii.y of I'oiui.u-, l-'oil .Maikiiiac was surprisiil b\ llu' Indians and llir ICn<;lish inassati I'd. IJut bi-foro thai v\v\n Lani,da(K' had oicasion to warn ICthcrinnlon in vjiin. I Ii- was prcsiMit in the tort at llu' tinu' of the nia.ssaere but eould ilo nothini;- to arrest it. Innne'dialely allerwards, howe\ er. learnini;- that luiierinnton and his seeond in eonnnand were prisoners and about to be burned at some dislaiue irom the fort, he ori;ani/.i'd a little baiul of Ollawas, loyal to him- self, and rescued the jirisoners. delyinj^- the drunken \ietors lo opjiose him. IOtlu'rin<;ton while a jirisoner delegated his authority at the fort lo Laui^lade. When the Revolutionary war broke out Charles Lan^dade, then almost liflv vears of a^e, was induced by the En^li.sh, liis old enemies, to attempt lo secure, in the intvresl of the Lnj^lish, all the Western Indians and to raise an auxiliary force of In- dians for use in the war. He i(Mned Hurgoyne's army in July, 1777. Burgovne afterwards complained of the conduct — not of Langlade, but of the savages he led— but Langlade and his comrade St. Luc declared that the fault lay not with the sav- ages but with Burgo\ne and his want of tad and justice. In 177S, Langlade raised an expetlition to reinforce Lieuten- ant Governor 1 lamilton. who was marching upon Colonel George I \ our vrry {i;i II..'" r lCiii;'lisli ^)\\• at tlu' :tl adiiiin- ^Tt-al srr- Mackiiiac ifd. lint lu'iiiintoii nia.s.sacre liTuarils, tommaiul iiKf IVoni il lo liiin- Niilois to ily at tl.u Langlade, iiiilli.sh, liis c I'^n^lish, rto of In- ly in Jul}', iduct — not dc and liis h the sav- stice. c Lic'uten- nel George 67 Rom'r.s Clark. alliT tlif lattiT hail laki'ii pDssrssioii ol the rc:;ion ol till' Illinois. Lan^latk' sfcurrd tlic assisianro r\ en of the Indians whom llu' ICiiijIi.sli (.•Diiiiii indaul at !''ort .Maikinai". Di- IV'Vster, (.-allrd that •• hoi-ritl ri'fi-a.'lorv set of Indians al .Mil- waukee." Ihit the expedition was disbanded upon its arrival at .'• I k'nneri,"' h.id a iianl tinu' of it. lie has k'ft a little book from which I'arkmaii. in his conspiracx' of Tontiac, has drawn his iMtire account of the massacre. It is entitk-d •• .\le\ander Iien;-y"s Travels." \lv was ihi' only I':nnlisli trader w ho escapcti, and he, only afti'r almost incretlible sul'fer- ini;s anil dani;ers, ard throui^h the assistance of a frieiulK- Indian. I le was concealed at lirst in the house of Langlade. It would seem from ! leiiry's account that although Langlade protected him, he was none too well disposed toward him, but Laiiirlade's .•o.-.iiuct was praised by ICtherini^lon and Leslie, and the prejudice which Henry shows. I think iiM'st ha\e spruii_:,r from seeing;- Lanijladeso cool and unconcerned i-e;^ard- inL,Hiis own safety while he (Ilenryi was in such desperate pi-ril. In his book he j^ixes an account of one moment dur- ing;- the massacre which \i\idl\ impresses ni\ imagination. Tlir Iiuliaiis ill till' l.irt wcrr furioiislN nittiiiu^ down aiiil siiilpiii-. uliiK' \i'l li\inu- n^'I} ICiij^flishniaii lliry inuld lliul. LaiiyLuK' was slaiuliny ,il his wiiulnw calmlv ;,fa/iiii;- :it lliv sii'iu'. lli'iiiv inanaL,n(l. 1\\ >, limliiiiji; a I'nui'. to sriuic an cMitraiu'f t'l LaiiulaiU'"s l\uiisr. ami in lUspair rushril to Inm iH'fri'iii" loi- pidtriiiiMi. l^anuliuk' turiu'd li> liim for a nm- iiu'iil, atul llirn anain (lii\'i.iini;- his iiUr it for any onr tlu' worst thin.i,^ that fould he- fall him. Tlu-rf ari' manv iiimtions a''d signatures in this reeord ol lean DaiUiste iieaubien. afti'rwards one of the st'ttlers at Mil- waukee and Chiea-o. ami of .\le\is La l-'ramboise. who. I think, was aflerwiirds buried under ilie ehuri'h at Maekiiiae Island La iM-amboise was. Iohl;' before Juneau, a settler at the present site of Milwaukt'e. I would like to speak of him further, but i i\e not lime. I will elose this paper, already too loni;'. with two or three stories about another old iiiomer in this western country, w hose name ajipears in the latter part of these renisters. ViuUm- the direetioii of F^Ulur Richard, in 1S21, an election was held, according to the Canadian custom, of mari,niilliers. (a sort of wardens, for the parish church at Mackinac. Amonu" thost' lirst elected, it was certified, was Joseph Rollet, whose name also appears in the re;;ister as a witness to se\eral 71 a.lsnl 111,11 li.i-r ami ot hapli.sin. Ilr drJiiu'd i., ,ui. I siispi'it '^'■" •''• '''•' ""1 < ''ir lo iiu'ur ihr jK.ssihlr iu'ii'>sit\ ,,f prcuiiiarv r.mlril)uii..ii ulu'li the oli'kr \\nuU\ iiiijiH^r upini liim. |usi'pl, K'lllit was onr (,f ilu lailiisi. i* lu.t tli.'v, i\ rai lu >l. pidiifcr ill I'raiii, (III C'liirii. llr was a \vv\ n.,t((! Iiulian I ladcr m tins nortli-wi'sh-ni CMiiittry. His oprraiiims rMciulcd InMii Si. J.ouis and I'rairi.' dii C'liicii lo ilic Ki l lirs- sheep into \Visc(^nsiii, and was always a pushinir. enerj;-etic and t'literprisin-;- man. In I Si. J. beinn thoroughly in sympathy w ith the ICn^^dish in the existing- war a-ainsi the Anu'ricaiis, he raised a companv of miiitia. and in connection with one or two other ollicers, se- cured the surrender of the n-arrison at the American fort at Trairie du Chien and took them to .Mackinac. His ri'init.itiiiii liowivcf siilfcird from his .illrm'il (UiT- Isfiniuss ill tr.idiii^ witli tlir liidiaiis. Ainnii^ «>lli. r storii's it is rclaU'd. lliiil lif |Hisu,i(K'd soinr siini>lc iiiirulrd Indians (wlio luld to thr hflii'l' lor a loii^ lime-), llii'l I'l'' ^\^■i.ul'l "f 'i'^ '""' plaii'd ill the si ale on llir ollur side of wlTuli U'li' pil>'d furs was i\aitl\ oiir pound. Ainon}^' otlu-r liuiians lu> si- I'uri'il llu' nanir of "IIm' nion'" ln'i.-aiisr tlu-y said. Irt tlifin throw off wliat numlur of skins ihry niii;ht, in barU'rin;; lor an arlii'li'. his ti riis wrrr always •■ li\i' more. ' Mrs. Kin/ii' in Iut book ralU-d •• Waubiin."" trlls a rajiilal story of liiin. .\ lady rnnarkrd to liiin onr day. shr says; •• I would not 1h' I'li^a^fd in thr Indian inuU'. It sitius to inr a .systrin of ihratin^ thr poor Indians." " L>'t mr ti'll .\ou. Madam." irplird he. with oiTal carnt'sliu'ss. •■ it is not so rasy a ihini;- to clival tlu' hulians as you imaj^iiu'. I iiavrlH'ni liy- in;,f it llusi' Iwi-nty yt'ars. and I ha\i' ncviT sui-ci'i'di'd." Out- nioiv storv of him whiih aivounts for my sii,L;}.,n'stion of his ivason for ckrlinini; thi' appoinlnu'ul of mariiuilliiT. and ] ha\ r doiu'. Oiu' (lav hv was (.-rossin-;- thr rivi'f, it is said, at Prairir du Ciurn. and thr kv ran \ rry lu-avily and vrry swiftly. Ilr br- canie so alarnu-d for his safrty thai he solrinnly vowrd, that if spared, he would devote a thousand dollars to the eoiisiruetion of a Catholic- ehureh at Prairie du Chien. After hard work, he and his companion (La iM-amboise) sueeeedi'd in j^ettin;;- thrtmj^h the iee and making- a landing-. One fool was yet in the boat when Rollet exclaimed, •> Colled it if you cii. ^'ou ha\ en't i;-ot my note." I I •P^^iSHiSiMllglMI^ ^t---::r~~^ f<: n<: -jf - -ff n- ■• ■?iv '/i<- ViV- '/iV- .'|V • ->!<• jJl^L^^I^^I^l^lil^'' • ',i\~ '/i\- 'tU' "'W "'I "'I-