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 1 2 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
CONSIDERATIOKS 
 
 On the S T A T ]6 of tte 
 
 a^ 
 
 BRITISH FISHERIES 
 
 i N 
 
 AMERICA, 
 
 And their GONSEQJJENCE to 
 
 \:\ 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 WITH 
 
 PROPOSALS for their SECURITV, 
 
 By the REDUCTION of 
 
 CAPE-BRETON, ^^^ 
 
 WHICHWERB 
 
 Humbly offerM, by a Geiitleman of a Large 'frade of thtf 
 City of LONDON, to His Majesty's Ministers^ 
 in January 1744-5* 
 
 t O N i> d N: // 
 
 printed fer W. Bickerton, in the Tetnplc-Exdiange, near the tnncr- 
 Tcmple-Gatc, Fleet-ftreet. Moccx£v. 
 
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 CONSIDERATIONS 
 
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 T tr'i'i' 
 
 "On the S T A T E of the 
 
 '■; ..\.^ 
 
 :0 ■ 
 
 BRITISH FISHERIES 
 
 (\ 
 
 t.^Xtiv/ t't^ii** viLi 
 
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 .OOlibo'i'l ublkb v_ ;. 
 
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 AMERICA. 
 
 i«l. J: 
 
 1,'i.Ti. lO -#41. ^ixi fttjii-^ 
 
 
 IN the years 1738, to 174 1, inclufive, were cm-» 
 ploy*d in Newifoiinclland, per annum, From Cape- 
 Race, along the eaAem ihoar, to Cape-Bonavifta, 
 
 St. John's being near the centre ' — • 870 
 
 From Cape-Bonavifta northward ^ 80 
 
 • From Cape-Race, weftwards, including Placentia 360 
 
 Filhing-boats per annum 1310 
 
 5420,000') quintals 
 U{ fifh 
 
 1 3 1 o boats, at a moderate compu- 
 tation, catch _ 
 
 The ftips fifhing on the banks of j ^Zn^y. 
 
 Newfoundland catch > "^ ' ' 
 
 In all 450,000 per ann. 
 
 Thde 
 
• JO . 
 
 Thefe 450,000 quintals of fifli pro- J 
 
 diice )"""^'^i train-oil. 
 
 Seal-oil caught in the winter 400 tons. 
 
 22 
 
 C tons of 
 
 :. -TtwTs of oilpcmnrram^s^^O' 
 
 450,000 quintals of fifli yields at market, on 
 an average, lol, pei;qi)|intaLi^"p-r^ v^ ,.. ^ m 
 
 26:5^1^:)^ odoili foaii^kmgaki ai ^I'fL' 
 ton is ' 
 
 1 200 tierces of falmon, caught per ann. yields^ 
 ll. per ton, is y ■■ , - t >; • > rj^-rr ' 
 
 Furs cauant in the winter worth 
 
 .ii 11 
 
 225,000 
 
 ):) 
 
 53>ooo 
 
 3,600 
 4,000 
 
 On a moderate computation the annual produce Is 2 85,600 
 
 ^ ¥h^ ia^e of N|\fciticiaA| reciiirer4Ivei5iDQjfit4i 
 of Inipping to be employ 'd therein annually ; and thert 
 are about 8000 people, in the fifheries and the fliips which 
 carry off the produce. v^ j 
 
 New England hath alfo a very confiderable fifhery at two 
 feafons in the year, which they call the fummer and win- 
 ter fiflyries ; , the fof«er begns the i^ft of^JiMe, and. ends 
 the i^ ijf SepteAiber J^ the |&|ter cpiTiipienisftfie be^riW^^ 
 of Oclbber, and ends the ift of May: The fifh caught in 
 both are reckon'd to be worth 70 to 80,000 1. The chief 
 of the filh caugbtf w;botl;i tljiefptcqlopje* is feftt, in tUtie of 
 peace,, to Spain, JPprtugal,j,^ Italy; ,4i¥i fome, fmall 
 quantities; go to pur We/l^I^i^, ifl,^d«^ ; p^rticuWly Ja- 
 rnaicaj which is moftly the iwfcrioii fort,^ T>ji'nd . ndn] .I'd 
 ...Great quantities of isread,, flour, &c. f^j^ifeic^tfyodn Great 
 Britain, N^w York, and Phjlad^jlphiai j^^^ajib 5nany;<Jar- 
 goes of beef, pork, butter, &c. from Ireland ; annually, 
 for the ufe'of the people at Newfoundland. 
 
 The people employ 'd in the Ntvvfoundland fiiliery 
 moftiygo in the fpr^ng, annually, from Fob!, Dartmouth, 
 and bthcj of our w^{i;crn ports j . and a giept many frcdi 
 land-men are alwaj^s taken,' who moftly ccmie home in 
 autumn, tho' fome ire /liipp''d iKei e in tlic vcflcls which 
 caijry c^the fiih to fo^eigij markets. Ihefe arc, by tlie time 
 
 they 
 
[5 ] 
 
 they come home, become pretty good fuliri ; atui *tis 
 certain thefc fiflieries are fome of the bcO: nurferies for 
 failors that we have; for 'tis a laborious bufincfs, and they 
 employ 'd in it endure all weathers ; the failors rais'd therein 
 are inur'd to hardfhips, and yet grow ftrong, from the 
 
 hcalthfulnefs of the northern climate. . . 
 
 • The fhipping us'd in thefe fifherics require gfeat quan- 
 tities of fail-cloth, (now a valuable manufadure of our 
 own, which heretofore wc were fupply'd with from the 
 Dutch) cordage, iron-work, 6tc. in which trade abundance 
 of people in thefe kingdoms get good lively hoods forthcm- 
 fclves and families. ^ -^ * 
 
 „,5 The French, by the treaty of Utrecht, were admitted 
 to fifh from Cape-Bonavifla (on the ifland Newfoundland) 
 to the northern point of the ifland, and from ihence ruti- 
 ning down by the weftern fide to Cape or Point-Riche, 
 and no further ; and were allow'd to dry their fl(h on land, 
 within thefc limits ; which they have continued to do ever 
 lince ; and not only fo, but have greatly encroach'd on 
 that liberty, by extending their iifhcry down on that fide 
 of the land to Cape -Ray ; and, to juftify this, they have 
 made Point-Riche in their maps to be but 1 6 leagues from 
 the north end of the ifland Breton ; whereas that which 
 they fo mifcall is Cape-Ray, and Point-Rich lies 56 leagues 
 more nortlicrly, up the bay of St. Laurence : and fince the 
 commencement of the war with Spain, the French have 
 found the fweets of fupplyihg the Spanifh markets ; which 
 will doubtlefs ihduce them yet to extend their filheries as 
 much as poflible. • . 
 
 . f By the treaty of Utrecht wc unhappily exchanged Cape- 
 Breton for Placentia, and gave the French the aforefaid 
 liberty on Newfoundlnnd ; iince which they have carry 'd 
 on an unbounded fiflofery, wherein, 'tis aflerted, and by 
 good judges, tiiat they employ a thoufand fail of (li'ips 
 annually, frofti' 200 to 400 tons burthen, and 20,000 
 men on board them. There was a computation made in 
 the year 1730, that th«rc was then lying at Marfeillcs, f )r 
 a market, 220,000 quintals of cod-fifh : And 'tis judgd 
 thav they cure (communibus annis) abavc five millions of 
 quintals. 
 
[6] 
 
 The next neceffary confideration rcfpe^^ing the trade 
 and fifliery of Newfoundland is (in my humble apprehen- 
 fion) how to fecure it againft the French. And I think 
 there can be no way of doing it cffe<^ually, but by regain- 
 ing the ifland of Breton from the French. 
 And in order thereto, 'tis propos'd, 
 
 That five (hips, of 50 Guns each, with one or two old 
 regiments, and proper artillery and warlike ftores, fhould 
 be fent from hence to Boflon fo early in the fpring as to 
 {Iiilfrom thence the 20th of April 1745, for Cape-Breton, 
 that being as foon, or fooner, than any veflels can arrive 
 there from France. 
 
 ij That orders fhould be forthwith fent to all our North- 
 American colonies, more efpecially New England and New 
 York, direding the Governors there to make immediate 
 preparation, by raifing men, and difciplining of them, to 
 be in readinefs for an expedition, on the arrival of the faid 
 five men of war fi-om hence at Bofton. 
 ii That the men fo raifed fhould be commanded by fbme 
 of his Majefly's experienced officers ; that the officers un- 
 der them in the refpedive regiments fhould be gentlemen 
 of the country ; that the troops be fubfifled by the re- 
 fpedive provinces; and that they be paid by his majefly, 
 as his regular troops here. 
 
 That thefe troops leave Boflon fb as to reach the ifland 
 of Breton by the time the Bve men of war may be off it at 
 fea, in order to make an attack at once both by lea and 
 land : and as there are no cannon commanding the entrance 
 of Gaberofe-Bay, which is within four miles of the rampart 
 of Lewilburgh, the men of war, with the fleet, may fafely 
 ride there, and will prevent any affiflance to the place by 
 fea, while the troops by land do the like; fb that the 
 want of provifions may probably oblige them to furrender 
 the place foon. >^ 
 
 Some fmaller, nimble men of war, or floops, full of 
 men, might at the fame time be ufefully employed in 
 cruizing on the banks of Newfoimdland, and off the coafl 
 of North America, as well to fecure our own, as to annoy 
 the French, trade ; and particularly to prevent their cor- 
 
 refpondenoe 
 
[ 7 J • 
 
 rcrpondcnce from old France to ihc gulpli of St. Laurcricv^ 
 and Qiit'bcc ; for otlKTvvife they will probably unnoy owr 
 North American fettlements from thence, and inftigate 
 the Indiiuis on the back ot' us to difturb our people, and 
 ^frav them from the defign againft Cape-Breton. 
 
 Thefe propofals may fecm to require a certain great ex- 
 pend; ; and tho' that is allow'd, 'tis apprehended to be 
 well worth it ; for, if we recover the iiland of Breton 
 again, we not only fecure our own Newfoundland and 
 New England fifheries, but (hall deprive the French of 
 theirs, which is now fo valuable to them ; as alfo of the 
 Key to their fettlements in North America, on the back 
 of ours. And what is yei a greater benefit to us, and lofs to 
 them, they will have no port for their fhip?. to lie in on the 
 continent, to fecure them from us in time of war, nor to 
 fend out their men of war or privateers from, to endanger 
 our trade ; which as well from our fugar iflands, as both 
 to and from North America, muft come in the way of 
 them, while Breton continues in their hands. 
 
 Had France been deprived thereof, on the breaking out 
 of the prefent war with them, how probable it is that their 
 Baft India fhips, and about forty others, which are lately 
 Arrived from Cape-Breton at Port V Orient, would have 
 fallen into our hands. 
 
 If they arc fuffer'd to remain in pofleflion of it, may it 
 not rcafonably be expeded that our fettlements and fiftiery 
 at Newfoimdiand will be deftroy*d by them ? That tho' 
 they were not to get any thing immediately by doing it, 
 they may then have the fifli-markets of Portugal, Spain, 
 and Italy, wholly to themfelves ? ,-, 
 
 All which is humbly ful^mitted. 
 
 London, January ir, 1744. 
 
 SINCE the foregoing, I have a letter from Philadel- 
 phia, with the following paragraph^ dated 8, Sep- 
 tember, 1744: 
 
 By 
 
 « 
 
[8 1! 
 
 • " By a letter from New York of the 3cl Inftaht, we 
 ^^'had ititelligence, Uiat a yo,' 56, 44, and 26 gun fliips: 
 " are arriv'd at Crfpii^Breton from France ; that they had 
 *^witih thti^' 18 Wrchant-fhij^ from 20 to 26 giinv 
 " and from 70 to^'9o 'n'*f» each; that they airried with 
 •<"therh iiVeii," amftTfwttition, and Aores, for a;new 70 giin 
 " ' fhi'p, ready at (^*bec ; and ' that tkcy havelnow; &2ocr 
 " reglda'r tpoope at Gape-Bretcttii ^^This^ ncWsi' takes .'upr 
 
 c< 
 
 " our attention at^prefeat." 
 
 Jii 
 
 ';j?o Jon yv 
 
 
 tetter from one of ^he principal £ngineer§ ^^^pfore Capp- 
 
 J 
 
 ft ■/ . ,{ 
 
 u:i? . ) - 
 
 **' /^ N -June W, the ^vel^or fari-en4er*i to us the'fowh and fdrtt 
 V V_y- o^ t-ewilbui^h;. .Wc. had ibme.tipQeibefQre.jtaken the Vigii 
 '^' lantc man of war of '64, guns, laden with anunufijition. and ;Qtl:\e^ 
 •i* (lores, valued at 60,0001. uerling: aid .fix other Chips' l)ei[i(!(es, 1a-> 
 **^ den with" ftores and pfqvifions. Without the takmg 'o( thefe pnztii 
 *' it had been abfdutely Impoffible for ut^ to fucceed; notwkhikndB^ 
 t* the ardour and good ppodufft of. our land and fea forces :] for {it is 
 i] the ilrongefl; harbour in the Weft Indies. The French enamfer 
 ^: told ^ne; tie fbrti/ym^le had cbft two *^1lSiofU dTliyfe^} an^lf^ 
 ^ keep it wfll garfifon'(C'iWd fiipply'd \<rith ftore»,-<I may venture t* 
 *' pronounce it impregn'aUe. . It is the key to North America j as Gi- 
 " raltar is to the Mediterranean. By this conquefl, the French fi(h- 
 
 *• have been given to the enemy, and in the very tendered part... . ,♦ 
 ** Embrafures (or port-holes) in the town-wall,' 148. ^'-^'l* 
 
 \ •« Gannon molirttda|^<64. ' X"^'' "^"^ 
 
 " Embrafures in the grand-battery, 31. Omnon 30. (^^^a^b*-** 
 *' Embrafures in the. iflaod-battery, 36. Cannon 31. 
 *• Mortars, of 13 inches bore, lo* ' ■ * ^ . 
 
 " Mortars of 9 inches, 6* 
 " And almoft all the balls Were 42 pounders.'' 
 
 : .^. • '* id:-- 
 
 PI Nt 1 V-^ ^^^^-^ ^^^' 
 
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