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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART 
 
 ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 ^^ lllljM 
 
 3 J 
 
 I 2.2 
 
 |36 '"" = 
 
 !~ mil 2.0 
 
 mil 1.8 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.4 
 
 ^ .^IPPLIED INA^GE Inc 
 
 T4609 LS* 
 
Subcutaneous Purgatives 
 
 A (linuai Sruih' on Phcii<)ltctr:ic!!l'»rpluluikin 
 
 i; '. w \ I i; I-; r; 
 
 l; \ 1 I : \iM|;i 
 
 I ■ ■ 1 1-1/ ',1 (/.. Ici. , ..ll.l \l'lllllll 
 
 '■I ■( ■• /;<;". i'til. I.ir. lyi. :^^:;^^ 
 
SL'BClTAXKol > I'(i;(,aT[\'ES 
 
 A . i.iMcAr. sTL-i)v o.\ i'i!i:N()i.ri:Ti;Aciir.,.Ri'itTi[.u.[:ix * 
 
 
 ,,""■'; "';;j"tnHln,t,un „r ,1,,. l,v,HH|,.r,nu. ,„.,,||,. |,v 
 ^l.^.n,lu•\\,..|o|■Kdi^l.,r^h in ji,;i. ,,,,,„.J'., , 
 ,.i-w,n,- t,.,.,l,.,„.v In Tviv „,o,v an.l ,noiv on t 
 
 -;-'--' tlH.i.Ha.luu , In. nH.iuKi insures n^uiio^: 
 
 -Mc.li.in,. >i;in,ls 11, ncci ,,r ;i sul,, iitan 
 
 ■ate 
 
 (■(Ills pUro;ilti\7'. 
 
 d. 
 
 I '-" ' ^""1 >ur^...n alike hav. m.-^ni.;,! i, 
 ' . "it.N. 1 ].arn,ac(.l,.i:i>t. and ('-X|((.rinu.ntal'i;,erap..u 
 n-t^ have ivpcatodly attempted to stn.plv tin. den Ind 
 <unnng sn.-eessively to .lie ^alines, to t ,J ve-'etable nnr 
 P.nve. and to ,I,e aikahdd. Knt still the S E ' 
 '"' "" preparation suggested has as vet tuHilled tie 
 'lUnienuN mpurenients demanded nf it Such a ho. • 
 ;.;-t a,, on the intestinal tra. t and on the int^. n I 
 "'"•' ""Iv "itl.out any untoward etlVo^ on anv other 
 nrj^an (,r <yste,n, n.u.t act with eertaintv. must he read- 
 . > .oluh e preterahlv ,n water, in .(rder'that the a.nount 
 
 - UK ol,em,eet..,lmavhe.mall.anditm.sthe,^^^^^ 
 i.u ant loeallv. As a rule ii sh,a,ld pr.Khu-e its ..freef 
 -. Inn a .hort tune. al,ho„gl, ,„ ,.,„!„. ,„„ditio„s ,; 
 ;"""n delayed ,n onset hut j.rolono,.,! in e|,,,raeter is 
 lie pi'elerred. 
 
 ■V IS to 
 
 In tin- 
 
 ni- e.mneetion i i> ,n(ere>ting to r,vu.w the lii- 
 •■';""i-" dealing wiih the suluutaneous and mtravenou. 
 adnmnstration ol the saline purgativev \uheii' ,,,,ed 
 '" ''^■'' "'^ nilravenous injections of sod mm sulphate 
 
 ul Ailantif chy. Jiiii,'. 1;hi:i. ■'>■'<• ■\< Annu.il husssiun, Inla 
 
 I Zts.lic. f. lat. Med., IS.-.:;, ii. ■■■..-, 
 
pi'iiilui,' |iiiiuiil i\ r riTfi-i-. I laihlr I'lfriiiii'il- ip;iilc a 
 >iiiiihir - tali'innil in is'il and lli'adlaml- in ls'i'.». 
 lliii\i,iiii nrilhcr nf tln^ |a~t wialrrs uavi' any i'\|M'i'inirntal 
 proiif I'm- lii> ( iaini. llnclilirini/ Wai:ncr.'' and lfa\" 
 (■■im hidi'd. alirr a ( on-idiiaMi' anmnni nl' cNiiri-inirnia- 
 iHin, ilial -iidinni -nlpliatc i \ii1> nn |iiii'i.mI i\ <■ ailinn i I' 
 j:ivi'n inl I a\cni)ii-l \ ur >iil»-iiianr(iii~l\ . anil tlii- 'la- ln'cn 
 till' r(inrlii~iiin nf | irait 'h a 1 1 \ all in\r~t iijaiur- ;n llii- 
 licld uniil till apiii'ai'anc' nl' a |ia[M'r hy .1. I'>. MacCal- 
 Inni.' wliirli iicat'Ml a nr\\ iiiirrc-i in Ihi- >iiliji(t. 
 
 Marl alliiiii iiil iiidi!( I'll M.!iiti()n> n',' ihr \aiiiiii.- -alinr~ 
 intii ilii \riii- iir iindrr the >kin nf i'aliliil>. and tlicn 
 >liidi"d the inVcl on nio\riiiiait~ (d tlii' Miti-iini'- ritlior 
 hv Ml)>cr\inL;' llic innvriiiriiN <i{ iiiiislino tiii'imuh tliii 
 iipt'niMl al dniiiinal wall nr li\ nli-cr\aticiiis niadi' im tlic-o 
 animals ■•nnlinid in ~c|iaiaic iiK'taliiilisni caucr-. fl.' cnn- 
 cliidi'd tliai all ilici-i' .-all- wliicli ait a- iinr;:al i\ >■- wlicn 
 iiit nidiiccd iiiiii the >li)iiiarh 111' inli'>linc- lia\r the >aiiu' 
 acliiin wIh'Ii injritt'd siiIk iilanrdii-ly nr iiil im\ I'limwlx . 
 He ai-n -laird lliat l)iiriiini ddjirid )i(is-c>>i'.- tlii- |iiir^ii- 
 
 \\\^^ jHiJlirrly 111 lllr i;i-cali'-l dfUMTC. liut all nf tile iilluT 
 
 saiiiK'- |iu-M--s it 111 a li'-- dc'Lii'i'r. tlial llir |nirL:aii\i> 
 rlFnt i- [irndiiri'd liy I n> i't'a.-i'd M'ciTiiiin a^ well a- in- 
 creased |ii'ri-tal>i-. and tliat tlii' niiriiative ellVit can lie 
 connterac-ted ni' aimlislied hy (aleiiini elihn'id. 
 
 Ami' iii\e-t iiiated in ilii' >anie llidd. lint enuld iioL 
 iililain MacCallnnr- re>iilis, and claimed that in his ex- 
 |iiiinients >(idiiini citrate used intravcnoush caused ron- 
 >ti|iatiiin. while ma;;ne<!!iiii .-iil|iha(e inhiliitcd iiiie-linal 
 mii\cmenls. 
 
 liaiiii'iilf re|iealid Alai CalhimV \Mirk and >talcil thai 
 -miiiini citrate nr liai'iiim chluiid -iiliciitaneiin>l\ and 
 -.iidiiim -iilplialc iiitra\eniinsly act a> |inr::ali\es. lint 
 I hat it I- ca>ier In |iriidiiie Ihiid feces li\ admiiii-teriiiL,' 
 -ii'linm >iil|ilialc nr -oiliiini ciirale liy innn-ili. 
 
 I'lckardt'" ;;i\c- an excellent review (if ihe Wiirk dune 
 111 this held ll|i to l!ll'"i and ])resellts also the le.-nlts of 
 his own exjieiimeiit-. wliicli eon(dnsi\('ly prove that tiie 
 
 ;;. Siib^-tancPS Toxlquos ol .Miiliriiim niinsos, 1857, p. 85. 
 
 :; A. liiiti nf MiMlliiiii'-. isr,!i. p. t:,u 
 
 1. Aiili. 1', pliv-^inl. Ili'ilkiiiuii'. ^s:,\. \iii. -JIT 
 
 .".. Inaiiu. I)i— . Iiiir|i;il. l>-r,:i. 
 
 I'l. .Iiiiii'. Aiiiil anil l'li\-iiil.. xvi. ji;!. 
 
 7 Am. .Imir. I'li.vsinl , \. lnl. 
 
 "• Ai)i. Jiinr. I'liysiiil , wll. l.'i. 
 
 •I. .I.jiu-.'ni'il. <!ii'ip.. hi. I'.il. 
 
 Ill liiiin.' |ii--, i;iis-.'ii. IlKi.'i. 
 
3 
 
 sjilinci will Jint I'lirin-h n- thr MiiiL:lit-l'iii- -nlicutanf ^l^ 
 |)uri,''ativi'. 
 
 .VltlinuLih tlirsc iii\ r>li;iat iiui> arc nf acadciiiic and 
 t^cii'iitiilr interest. tiie\ iiei|i tn liirou some liglit on tlie 
 metlioil (>( aetidn of salines, and. although intestinal 
 peristalsis is iinduniUedly ineieased l)_v some at lea>t id 
 tlie-(> salts, vet the increase in activitv is not sntlicienlly 
 markul to resnlt in jiuri^ation nnl'.'ss toxic oi- lethal 
 d(i>c- are injected. The salines, thei'efore, are df no 
 |iractiial importaiici' id mcdicin;' a- ,-id)cntanr(in- [inriia- 
 tives 
 
 Uarium chlorid. h<iu"e\cr. will pi-udii i |iuruatidn ad- 
 ministered either ^nhc^taneull-l\• cm iin i i\t'nonsl\'. a.iid 
 it is l'rei|uently u>ed a- such hy \eti'rinarians. 1 um. 
 heiiiL"' sutlicicnt to juira'e a horse weiiihinu' l.Odn pimnds. 
 Hut hariuni is tiie most iioisuiions of the alk'aline eai'tli- 
 and it atl'eet.s many oriians. It ac<'elerates the In ii. 
 enormously raises hl(Mid-pressure. and in lai;ue do.-c-. 
 hesides puriiing, eaiise- \ieniting and ximetimes tonic 
 and clinmic eonvulsion-. 'I'lie widespread nature dl' it- 
 a(ti\ity and its to\icit\' jiicclude its general aih:|)iidn in 
 tlil> iield. 
 
 \"i:i.i:t.\I!I.k i'li!(;ati\i> .\!)M1ni>tki;i;u bnicr'TANKorsi.Y 
 
 Similar investigations have heeii carried on with the 
 M'getahle ]nirgati\-es. aloes." eoloeynth and catliartinic 
 acid having been tested, lliller'- regards eolocynthin 
 as the i:u).-t suitable fdi this purpose. Xo doulit can 
 e\i?t as to their ellicacy when so used, but all these 
 bodies are strongly irritant ami the h)enl reaction at the 
 point (if injection i> fre([ucntl\- extremely severe. 'I'liev 
 cannot Ije used in this way (\xce|it mi very e\ct>|itidnal 
 instances where the indications are imperative, and then 
 only witii ii grave po><ibilii\' of ploughing occurring at 
 tlu^ ]ioint of injection. 
 
 .\n ollVirt Vi'as made t(. see il croton oil greatly diluted 
 could be used ?ubcutaneousl\ . 'I'wo drops of croton oil 
 were added to 5 c.( . (d' oli\(' oil and under aseptic pre- 
 (autions introduced beiiealh the skin of a dog. On the 
 fiilldwing day a ])ainful ^welling was found at the point 
 (d' injecti(jn. This increased in size, became very tender, 
 and persisted for several days. Xo evidence of an action 
 du the intestine was noted until the fifth day. when a 
 large amount (100 gin.) cd' liuid feces was passed. The 
 
 11. lliins Meyer: .Vrch. f. cxpiT. I'lUli . xxviii, I HC. 
 IJ. Ztsdir. f. kiln. .Me<l . iv, 4,sii, 
 
>|iHiU ichiaiM.'il -lilt I'm- ilii' hiv^Minl lluii icIiii'iiimI to 
 
 a liul|||;l| I ii|l>i>trlli'y. 
 
 .Vii cxiicriiiH'iil ui|li la.-liir nil vidilt'il n \(t\' >iiiiilai' 
 n-iill. A (|(),'i was iiijriicd w itii V'l v.c dl' >1crilc ca-tnr 
 nil on Ucci'iiiliiT \'i. Nil iMiruativc cH'cit \v,i~ nlitaiiu'il 
 until l>''C('inlicf l.-^. liiit till.- was so siiulit in dc^^fcr tiiai 
 It was ilunlitl'ni. A iafL:(' |iaiiil'iil -wc'lliiiu (iciiifi'c(l at 
 (lie piiinl III' injection, which ))ci'sistc(l iinlil l>cccnilicr 
 "'1. it is -carccly ])()>sililc tliat any scrviccaMi >iil)cii- 
 laiiciin- |iuiL!ati\c will he nlitaiiicil (nun this clas- nf 
 ill llL:^. 
 
 \co( iii)i:i\ 
 
 I'lic wiiik' ijiiiii' with apiiciidfin, linwcvcf. ha> hccii 
 iiiiifc I'liiiti'iil. 'I'liis is an alkaloid cmTcspoiulinu in 
 ilci'ivatioii til a|iiiniiir|ihin t>iiin niofphiii, ohtaiiicil hy 
 ilchyilratiiiL:' ciiilciii. It wa- lirst cai'cl'iiliy stiiilinl hy 
 (iiiiiiai'il.' ' lie noted that it jii'oilticcd no nausea oi- 
 vomitin^u', anil rnllowini:- it- ailininistfalion he oh-erveil 
 the iiiei'easeil |ieii.-tal.-is tlifoii^ih ail o|icii alKlominal 
 uall. Miii'fcl" UM'il it a- an e\|ieitoi'nnt in ISlll. Toy'-'* 
 as a M'ilati\c in maniacal i ases in IS!)."). ( 'onihenialc''"' 
 iiUi'oiliurd it as a |uiri:ative hy mouth in l!)ini. lie 
 intef<sli'il l{aviiirt ami ISartoii.'' who in the -aine \eai- 
 ailniiiiistei'cil it suhcntaiieoiisU in :! I cases ot' constipa- 
 tion with \ei'y ciicourauinii results, (iiraiiil.'"' l!)():>. 
 used it in ■•> cases of consti])atioii. also with satisfaetorv 
 results. In the -ante year Ileiiize'" tested it in a series 
 of :\o eases of const ipat loll. Tfe l-ad JT ]ier cent, of 
 -iicces-ful cases and in M! ))er cent, it utterly failed, 
 l-'i'oni his experience lie loiiciudes that ajiocodein is un- 
 -atisfaetorv in that it i- uncei-tain in action, hut admits 
 that it work- wvy well in many instances. 
 
 The dose of this drill; i- small. .0"2 ^mu. of the IimIiti- 
 liijorale lieini: usually -uflicieiit. while .0.") ;:iii. i- the 
 maximal dose, ifost of the writei's claim that the lir.-t 
 ev.acuation follows .-hoitU after the ailministrat ion of 
 the injection, freipieiilh within one to two hours. 
 Ilcinze. liowcMM'. -tale- ijiat the aNcraire lime i- from 
 tell to t wehc hours. 
 
 i:i. I.yiin iiifil . IMi:;. pii. I'l iiml 2S. 
 
 1 4. lirit Mrd .lour . IMil. i, i",. 
 
 i."i. SciiiMiiii' iiii'ii.. is'.i.'i. |i :ut!. 
 
 II) Sriniiliii' niril.. r.iiie. p. 4-2. 
 
 17. I'.rhii Tii.Hl. ilii iinrd. lii'rcnihi'r. lIMiJ. 
 
 IS I'Mr's.' ill' l.ynn. r.iii:' 
 
 111 r^v'iiiiii Niiirni, w.iiii^iiip-.. iim:; I. \. :;;iT. 
 
'I'lic iiliircti'in , I , 111 • M ,in' \Miilli\ i>f (•(•ii~ji|(M-:i- 
 
 tioii. for il cfi'tinnlv ilo,'~ •|,ii iv|iiv-fn| iln^ iilml miIku- 
 taiK'ous |iMr,;iiiti\i' us uinliiicil mIiovc. Accord ills': t" 
 hivHTi-'" it |o\vcr~ llic !il(Mi(l |irc>>iin". dilates tlic art( ri- 
 n|, -. iiiiivi-c- |icri-tid-i- i,\ it- -cd:itivi' acticui nn tlio 
 inhil)it(iry 'iaiiuliii of ih,. -\ mpatlict ic -\,~tcni. inci-casis 
 the I'atc (if the ill, rt heat, ami increases ner\e i-eth'.\e-. 
 Its actiiiii> are [mt ihiiih i-(r,i- and cnnipiex fiinl iimihe 
 tui) many -vni|)tiini-. rnl'nrtnnately. althiuii.di readilv 
 Milulile in water, it i- irritant, locally. nian\ of tlie 
 IMtienis iiavinu- c'un|i|aitieil of pain ami an ahMc~s 
 haviiii;- I'olliiwcd it- ii>e 111 (iiie rase. It- action is also 
 short in duration. c,,ii-t ipat ion iisiiallv rerni-nini;- in ;\ 
 da\ or two. 
 
 XotwithsiandiiiL;' the-e drauhack- a|i'.ci)ilein i-. Imw- 
 i'\r\\ a scr\ici'al)lc hy|ioderiiiic piiruali\c. I'er-diial e\- 
 pei'ience .lias iieeii limited In ardiiial cxperinientatinn. 
 On (iiie occasion an e\acnatioii <>( the l)o\ve!< t'olloued 
 witliin an liour of the in.jectioii id" 0.0[ om. ^nhi ntane- 
 onsl\- in a do^. In other in-taiices nioveineiits iKciirred 
 within ten or t\i-eive hours, hut the stool> were ui>[ ,-otl 
 and no |iroiijn<>e(l iutiijn wa- ohtained. 
 
 i;si:i;iN 
 
 Ksei'in or physosti^niin ha- al>o ijceii invesiioated. 
 Dickerhoff-' jiivt siifrcjosted its use. and since tlien it 
 has lieeii tried cdinically hv many investi^'ators. vnn 
 Xoorden.-- Packard.-- I'ankow.-* Craiir.-^ .(ewott.-" par- 
 ticularly hy surireons and obstetricians. It is not i:i\en 
 solely for its jnir-jative etfcct hut most freciuoiitTv In 
 pi'cveiit or overcome intestinal paresis fnllowinp surirical 
 operations, or to overcome intestinal atonv followiiiL'' 
 parturition, or to e.'ipel <:as from a distended intestine. 
 Crai.i;- has nsed it extensively, and he administers it ini- 
 niediately after opening: the ahdomon provided iki cdii- 
 traindication presents itself. He claims that it i- of 
 more value in preventini: or wardintr otT threatened in- 
 testinal paresis than it is in ( tiriiifr this condition when 
 once estahlishcd. He a<lvises lar^'i' dosi^^. 1 ;!."■) u-r. n\' 
 
 L'li. .Iiim-. rii.vslol.. xx\-, ;i7. 
 
 •-'1. W.luisclii-. f. Thiorli. ii. Violiz . 1SS:;. xxwl. .'lOO. 
 
 --. von Noaidon : Ilcrl. klin. Wchnsdir.. IIKM. p l(i,-,7. 
 
 i;.!. riilladolpliia Moi\. .1mn\. .Ma.v IM. limi'. 
 
 J-t. Z.'iitriilhl. f. <;.vn.. June. ]li(M 
 
 ■J'l. .\\u. .Icjiu-. Ohst.. A|ii-il, irxM. .\iii. .Tniir. f)l--t.. S.'iii.inli,.! 
 19II-I. .\,.tt York MimI. Joiir.. I'to.". Ixxxi, .-,'.'T. 
 
 :;i;. I'.iridkl.vn .Mcil, .Icm-, xlx. -I'.V 
 
,,,„ ,^,,,,„,. a,lininiMriv,l .miM) -iil,ruununu>h . au.l hv 
 ,,.,,,nN Ibis .w r.M.ntK.l I'nr M.rr,.~~ful .vMilt-. aun - 
 utiiv I'ankow-. lack nf ivmiIw to llir >:nallnr>- nl ti,r 
 
 ,1,,M' lltilizr.l. .I,.WHI-> M-llll~ rnlltimi lll"M' nt ( rai,-. 
 
 lint ail liicM' a.niioiv IliM thai \\um-U pivvcntm? j-aiv-i- 
 e.f.riii I- not alwav- Mitruiriu io ,,n«liuo pumatinn. thus 
 ,,,„,lH:ni: n,vr->arv thr a.!in:uiM raiam nf ntl.rr pm- 
 
 illi\C> llV lildlltll. ,,,,-, 1 
 
 K„.vin i^ an rx, ,.,.,lin-lv ],mu,.|Iu1 alkaluul an.l inn^t 
 1,., i„nullr.l j.nlh-,nu,-lv. rn.louKt.Mllv H ha^ it- |>lar.. 
 wlu'.i usrd in coiiahiMUs ,lr-rnluM| ahuv... hut it - noi 
 of walo ],ra.-tic-al applirat mn and «ill nrvH' mna' mtn 
 ovnrral n-i' alone a- a -nlu iitanron< |aii-alive. 
 
 Milinl'll 111 M.'i 1. 
 
 riri.'- in a ivrriit |nihli(ation Mat.- iliat la' ka- j'lv- 
 ,,,,v.ra >o|uhle -alt o\- plirnolplitkakin wkah hr lia- 
 ,,;„nr,l -r.doMiillialNl. an.l v^l.ali ar, onim- to ki- a. . ,,nnt 
 „ h,.in<' nsrd snm-rnlk a- a Inpodmnir |.iii-ativr n' 
 ,1,, ,.:.„„ s in Montiu'Uirr. Hi. a.rouni ..I' tl.r n,o;le ot 
 ,„vuaration and of ikr .Inanual |,.o|.Mla - ot t n- dr- 
 ;.p,;,n,. ;uv -o ,.xr,...d:nuK n,ca,-M- ikal no dHmitr idra 
 „r M ,hrn,aal ,on-lilMiion ran hr 'ornird. l^'""""' 
 I,,,,,, „ I, I- tlir di-odiuni -ah ol phrnolpktlial.an 
 ,,;„,1, i;a-al~ol„.,.nd,.-,r,lH.dhN M,.^^^ and >la,A.-; and 
 whul, 1- mad,, hv ,l,r :„ldition ol -odmni livd.oxid to 
 Plienolplnlialcm. Tl.i- -alt i- vrn -olnlilr. and. hnn^ a 
 .onikinationor. ^..^v ur.k and « iih a noin -tn.nu l;a-. 
 ,, ,, ivadilv hvdroli/ahle and art> like a M>lntion ol tla' 
 ,lkalii.-rll':ti,a, i-. .t ,- ,1,- id.dU irntan, - It ,-^^ll, 
 ,,,.,Hnl.,v.tti,atxvoa.ai, llior.|,o,-,oMh..laTa|-nt ■ 
 
 ^imluation ol -odoi.lukal^l n, lla^ .linir- o, M'-H- - 
 I,;,;..,,,,,, iniii.suh-lanm-id.auiral wil 1, t hy d i-od,un, 
 ,,n"o|' plunolpldliakan. it ,s dilli.ull to -r,- h^u it -an 
 |,„„-..,1 ona,.oi,nl of it- u iilat m- cirr, i at tho i...in, of 
 
 lliirrtion. 
 
 'in \inil l'"'-- M"'l •""' l!o"ntivr" -laitrd an >n\r- 
 liuaium uMlu. phtiiahni .nai,. uith I'.ntuailai tvl.a-- 
 
 ~..7 Xvrl, ,„nn,:,. ,!.■ I't'-'"^" '' <!.■ < l..nil> . "•ill. 32T. 
 
 .,^^:;^;:;;^;l.::!M;;;!;.;>..-:,;-r 
 
 ^^\uu^ 1 aiHl fxi-i riPi-M'. 
 
 Iirnlinlls W'l'' lllllltlllnliril 
 
 :'.ii At" 1 •ii"! I!"»iitr' 
 I t ■jai 
 
 •lour. 
 
,,u-,. io,l xcrotion. tl..al-.r,,:,on a,, the iui,;.at.N. 
 
 ,„ „„, ,,|V...t wf -uKMU.nion of .litlon.nt i.art~ 01 tl, ; 
 uhtln.lr.n la.lulr ,.n tl,. i>l,a,n,a,ol.>.Mc artin,, ot 
 
 ''"1;''''^; ,,,,,v.,l ibat nlive nil «li.;n l-at(Ml woiiM .li^- 
 .li.litl.nl.'iii ami llianv dl' it- (Irriv; 
 
 sdiiu' val'.U' a- 
 
 .„iN,. ,,lu^n'oli,htbal,'ii. an.l iiianv ol' it- drrivativ,-, and 
 
 ill;,) ilii- (111 itrcparatiiin ikis.-l'ssoi 
 
 III;,, ,111- nn nf|..ii. ..!-.,. ,.>.. ...... .. 
 
 ,„„.,,;„ is.. wiuM. injr.tr.l l.riu.ath the skui ot .lo,>:^. r 
 
 It wa^ -onM „]is,m-v,m1 that iiioiv proloii-.Ml pui-at.u. 
 
 .,,ioirwa^ ol.iaiiH.l Nvhrn |,hrnoli,.trarlilorphthal.Mi« wa^ 
 ,,,i|,l,,v..l than wlirn anv ml,,,- pliihal.Mn at tlirif rn,„- 
 inainl wa- um'iI. 
 
 ,\ii riini) OK n:r.i'\i;i\'. "H. -oi.rTioN 
 
 The .-ohition of ,,li.n.ilt.tra.!i!o,,.l,tlK.I;.in rnipMra 
 
 ,,nva,,l,o„t tin. inv..ti^ation iMMvim,va uW u. 10 -^^^ 
 
 ,„ „a\ ■ X-itral olivo ,m1 i- -loxvlv iR'atoil to .1 > ( •• 
 
 M .lH.n tln> t,..u,n.rMl.nv i> n'a.l)o.nim.l>- j.ow,l.;,;M 
 
 honoll^'fa.-hlorphthal.ni :- -Mol with >t.rrn„'. Iho 
 lioatin. H .ontinuM lor no, l„n,..r than in. nunuh. 
 and tiu' Icniporatuiv 1- no, allownl to cxev.M - -H ■ 
 ironler to rnnov. anv tra.v. <,f for.M^n n>att,T or un- 
 
 lL,lvc.a phthaU.iu. th. uil .olut.on i. l,lto,v,l ho. m ■- 
 4.M-iliznl thi.-k. ana M a-i.lo Un- u.-o. ' ''^o o 1 hu> 
 
 tivatoa u,ii a,-soiv,. tiu. .hioi- hoav „. 'i- .■vt|; < :'i 
 
 .,l„,„t 0-' .nn. to rvci-v li> (.r. ol ,1,1. Nvlnlo it «i!l li- 
 lolvo phonolpluhaloin uxM ,0 a -li-htlv .LMvafr .vtmr 
 a! a -liL'litly lour,' tmip.a'atinv. ,.,,„. ,,,.,t 
 
 Analv.uai ..xpo'inu'nts w.av niaa,. «li,rh >hou t at 
 no ni.p,v.-iahh- s.ponilhation ot ,!,. oil tak.- 1. . 
 ,l„nnyth,sp.-or,>ann.. NVvH'tl,..!,-. :n onh , t„ h-- 
 til,. rr.k of Miponiliration. tla' . ,i-toin vva> aaop,,.a o| 
 vpa,-,n. onls in ry. of -n,), a -olution a. a Uuu. 
 Iho'.yl, aonl.tl..^ la,-..'.- vnliiiii... n, ,h. sohu.on nn.ht 
 III' in-ciiai-fa at one opci-ation. 
 
 ,,,;„„,,,,„l,;,l,i,i rNliilMl- a u.vatr,- ,.a,.h.„rv t.. .niiH. 
 a.nvn onl of >,i,li a -oiiUmn. 'mt a p,-op-,'lN p-vpan', 
 ,„h,tion of tl,.- rhlor hna.v «,ll -.a„a -unio Mav- u„l.M,t 
 jim- picripi,!,,!'!], whatcNc,'. 
 
 \„mM;,',,ON. I\. ,il,,10N NM' M-iM, Ml- V. i,ov 
 
 p,„r,„v Hilr.m.. 01, ,h.' :rpo,-t .0- ,hr rlmiral applua- 
 ,,„„ „,■ ,lM- M,l.-tan,r a f.u vv^nl .omrrnmu H- a-.- 
 '„ip,H.M. ,1- fa,, .n th. IhM;. „-,han,,.l^ol ,.M,v,,on 
 .,,,,,1 „,,nna,...f a.tiM,, uill n"t 1" ■■"! ''1 Pl='-'. 
 
I'rariiralU all lln' 'Ii'h.l: n a'liMM-iicil ' >.in tlii' l"cal 
 
 (.ral nl' ;• jcrlinl' lllt(. tlli' L;cll-I'ill ri I'cll la I H ill ill rroMl 
 
 -ixt.i'ii tu t\\riii\ -four liuiii'-. It a|i|>(Mi-- in tin' I'ilr in 
 ihr cnii jiiLiali'il riii'in. aiiil lain' ;n luali llic \'\r<- ami mii- 
 jn::ati'i| lonililimi. ami mm luir- id lie ixcirtrii in tin' 
 liiir nl' a liiliai'N ti-tnia il'"j ini- I'r.iin lui'l \ -ci-lit \<< 
 -r\riil\-t\vii lii>iir> ami in llh (rw- n| a "jTiiial iI'il; a> 
 |..ii- a~ li\c ami -i\ ila\-. I'arl (if tlii' iliai- i~ rc- 
 ali-mlird a,-ain \'i"\\i llir lai-r iiitc-i im-. ami 'lir |Mn\i:- 
 aii\raiti"ii hKidiicrd i- r(iii-i'i |ncn 1 1 \ M'l'N |ir(il'tii.irc(l in 
 iiaiiiiv. Nil ira<c- nf ihr (liaii;- i-an In- clftoitci! in tin 
 iivinr: ii iliii- (lilTrr- ri'i.in |iliriin||ilitlialrin. wliiili al'trr 
 licinu injnic'l iimliT llic -km rMa|ii- tu a i nii-idrralilf 
 
 drL;i'rr li\ ua\ i>\' 1 llr kidnr\ -. 
 
 ,\i;i i- a |ii'iil(in::rd imti.hI nl r\|iriinicmaliiiii in a 
 -('Mr- of \'ny\\ llijfc tiiUl- ill doi^s it wa- Iranicd tliat in- 
 JiciKill^ iif till- liniK ill IKIltial l>ii\c (111 \\('1V mil tnl- 
 
 \,,\\ri\ l,\ am nntuuard iv-ii!t- ntluT luiall\ at tlic iimiit 
 (,r iiijcctiiiii iir -.\-ti'inirall\ . and tlial mi -\-triii otiicr 
 than tlir aiiiiiriitaiA wa- inHiiiaurd li\ tin- -iili^tamn. 
 It, iiitn.diiili'iii iiitii till di-|ii'n-ar\ and ward- nl' tlif 
 li,i>|iital I'mt liirtliii' iiwr-ii^iatidii \\a- i lirirlVirc ( mi-id- 
 fivd Jn-titialil. and ad\i-ali' ■. A -tml\ tn dcipriniiic il> 
 ilinical \aliii' \\a- ai ( nrdiiii^lv iiiidcrtakrii at tlio siiir^rt's- 
 tinii .if llr. All! 1. 
 
 \ii\i I \ i>ri; \ 1 iH\ 1(1 iiii>i iTi.'it \K r\rii:\i- 
 
 'llli til-t -I'lK - nl' lllji'l 1 mil- WiVr Iliad,' ill till' 'ill-trt- 
 
 ri.al uard- li\ llir |icriiii — mn nf l»r. Williani- and willi 
 the kind a — i-tamr nf |ir Slmr-. Tin- ra-i- i('|iri-cnl 
 \\((|lli|l ill till' |ill( r|n|llllii, siilllc 111' uliiilii ICi rived tlir 
 
 iiijci Iimi 111 plair <ii' tin ii-iial initial piirLiativc while 
 e.liiei- ie(ci\e(l ii when a |Mir,i.'al i\e wa- imiieated later 
 (JiiriiiL: the Ui'i'i-iii |ieriiid. 'I'lii- talile al-n imliKie- tin 
 
 |V-ll!l <'\ dlle injtilHill (if r.' e.i , 111' the "il pre|ia mt I' ■!! 
 
 •.;i\eii tn a di-pc'n-ai\ |iaiient (Nil. ."■. Ml-. I!.). 'I hi- 
 
 , a-i I- null! led here heian-j' "I' the -iiiallne-- nl' th( 
 
 i\<>"' adlllini-lel'ed. 
 
 Si !:• I I v\i Ml - I \.i I ■- - .•! I'm \"i II I im III ■■mil I M VI I IS 
 
 IlilV liiiv^ 
 
 i.r iiiic. rdliiw lilt; in|i. Il.ili 
 I Ills I I'v I II \ 1 . lien I ■-' a 1 .'. !'■ 7 
 
 I'Mii.iii- 1.1. hill- II J ;;iii I Ml- II ( n I e 
 
 111 n r nil - Ml- A 1 ■-' " 'I I 
 
 .; Mr- i: I I I 11 I II 1 
 
 I'litii'iiu r Ulin: II :: l'ih I Mr- .\ 
 
 ill 1.-. (■ (• (if oil. "• Ml- I' 
 
 i; Ml- I 
 
 I 'J II I 'J J -■ 
 :; I (1 1 I II I 
 (I 1 II I I 
 
■yiu-r ivMilt- ,iiv iini ciilnvlv -:ii:-rait,ir\. iuil iii \\u- 
 
 Ijohi ,,|' laliT r\liiTlc|lic- lill- :- lll'iUi^lil t(i l>r (llh' In 
 
 ill".' la(T tliai tlir iImm' ailniiniM(Mv,l wa- tn,. -mail, ami 
 |,i,,l,alilv had the <1om> Ihtii lar-cr ilir ivMilt- wmild lia\r 
 l,,rii in'riv-iKindinulv hkhv Imdrahlr. llci\\r\rr. a di- 
 ,id(<l laxalixr .■iV'Mi u:i- ul,iainrd. 'I'lir MnnU liccaino 
 
 .nflrl- and in .-iimr in-lailcr -i'llliflnid "l' "f \\\r '-"11- 
 
 ,|,l. n. \ <<i a |i(.i I'id.^r. :ind ni nn.' in-laiiw cciulainiil 
 ill,. ,l;i.M a- late a- tlh' liltli dav. In nunc >>\' iln' '-a-r- 
 did Ideal ii'i-itati"n m- iiillanniiat inn Inlluu iln- in.jrdi'in. 
 n.ii' wviv uiipm- |iair.- "T i"ii,' .-oniiilaiiKMl uf l,\ aiiv 
 ],;iii,.nt at aiP linii' inlinum- ilir adniiniM I'al mn. Tin' 
 iiiin,. nnd tlw milk \W'iv r.,llrc1r,l frnm the niothrr-. Iml 
 ,1,, ilni-' . ..nid lir drltvlrd in ciiluT Mvivihm. 
 
 A nUcci'in -n|i|Hisit(ir\ wa- L;i\cn at tlir md ol iliiny- 
 -i\ Imni- wlii'H nr(v-ai\ I'M' tlir tii-t Min\ .aiicnt . and 
 |.,,|„,,,,,,,1 if iliirn ,iv li,mV- a::ain inlri-\i lud withniii an 
 . \,-unati(>n. 
 |,i „,■, i-, ,,i \i.\iiM-ii;\ I i"\ iH |li-l■l;\-\l;^ r\iii:M>< 
 
 'I'lic rc-idt- jn-l |ni-rnird. indiiL^li nut rutindv -al;- 
 Inrlnrv. wriv. '|mi\\v\( !•. -iitVi. wnt In .in-|it\ a fnrtlin- 
 
 in\,-li-ati I- ti^ ll.r \aliir "!' iIm- Miiiriiianmu- la\- 
 
 ,,li\r. partunlarlv in mcu "I' tlir pn.lnn^iiMi nature n\ 
 ill,. ,|,il N( ivtrd tliinnolii.nt a [ifind of -f\cral dav>. 
 
 Til,. jMtlrht-. indiratc. nil llic laMr invM'lllr.l l.i'lnu. 
 
 ^^,.|v -.■livlvd .a~.- Ml ,lir.,iiir r.iiiM'patHiii niitainrd iVmn 
 III,. Ill, dual di-|.riw.irv nl ilir .Inlin- lln|,kin- II(i-|nial 
 ill,,, null tlir ,.mrn-v nn.l a-i-lam,- nf l»r. McCiac- and 
 ,|„, ,,||„.|. iii,.|iil„.|'- 'n\ tlir di-|.rn~ar\ -talV. (»nl\ mair 
 |,;ill,,|lt. u,.|v -clnl.'d 111 \\li"in th- ~\in|itnm ••rhi'onir 
 
 .nn-IIIMlmn" ...llMllntr,! tllc rhlr! .an-r ni r,HII|daillt 
 
 •|'|ii- -\iii|i|,m! \,inr<l III ilir .iillVniit iiidix ida.' '- tn all 
 ,|,.u|v,., ,,r -..•\.'iit\. and ha. I |»Mr-i-lr,l lor |,crin,!-. \ai\- 
 iiij li.Mii wrrk- m lucntv \rar-, Manx n| ih, iia.lienl-' 
 |i,i,| |„.,.n icliirnini: tn llir .lini. \nv mniiili- -r \rai-. 
 i,,.\,.r hmin- a Imud iiKix.incnt uiilann ii-.nt in- In 
 
 ,||l!-~ .•<n||,, iv-|inndrd urd In d.ailv An~,'~ nf (.iMilM. 
 
 I,, pill-. ,ir 1,1 \annii- tnim- n| Ira-, v.hilr nihii- ha,l 
 ,|,,n\,.,l Iml,. ui nn Umrlll Imiii aiix Inrm nl |,irMnn- 
 
 inaimcnt 
 
 In, I, a a-, plu pi. . ant mii- 'm. h "I lii'-r |ialirnl- wa- 
 ^l\,.|| M. I ^1,1, ,,| p||,.||,.llr|ia. Iil.ii|ihlliali 111. -.'"I . .' . nf 
 J"|i,. ||,.-||K pivjiaivd .nl piv|iai,ilinii. -iiUnitam .m-lx in 
 ,1„, .|,it,.al n-inii. l-'.a.h .u..' xva- a!-o -npplird uith 
 
 lUn -h.rlin -Iipp..-lt..ll. - I \*a- ad..-.| |.. \n\\n\S i|l.-0 
 
10 
 
 nil,-- (1) ill-ink «alri- invlv: [■> ) .-at >oni- Irnit 
 ,,.„!, ,l;iv- (.'.) lake walkiUL: rxn-cisc even dav: (1) -:" 
 1,, inilrt ni-lit an.l ni..nnn^ ai-al >tav ilvo to Im nmiutr- 
 y; ,„.,,.-sH-v: C.) UM. a uh.'-in -n;,pn-itn,-v al inc rK- 
 ,,.„,nu ..r tliirtv-MX h.mi-- if i1h- Im'«.-U liaw imt 
 Inuv^.L an,l ii-r llu- utl.n- -npi'n-itorv latrr il tliii-ty-ix 
 ]i.,in- a-aiii pa- willanit an .Naiiialinii. 
 
 li.iy IM>^ 
 
 nlhij..,- f..ll.>«in}.' iuj.riinn. -Ja :;'! 
 
 T M K .. 111"!' uu-n,-il 
 
 -- 11.' 1 1-1111' nnii.'M. 
 
 ..,.,,,.. 7 7 N" i-riurii 111 
 
 '.•.!."'■ • • 1 - 1 - 1 ' - ,..iiMi|.ation.* 
 
 , , , ., 1 s T N" return "f 
 
 1" 1 I' 1 .1 1 1 I - i (iiiisliiMUi.in." 
 
 , , , , :; c.m.^niK.linu vr 
 
 1 1 -I > ' ■ turnrd. 
 
 1 7 7 No riMiiiii "1 
 
 rj 11, <; 1 -_-■•---' ,ull'iti|.alinll.* 
 
 H 1 W. ■ ■ 11-"!"' ,„,,,„Ml 
 
 1.-. 1, 1., ■ ■ - ' ^ - - tiun.'il. 
 
 , I II 1 1-J >' Nil i-''t"ni "I 
 
 IC, .1 S 1 1 n 1 I '- ,,,nsli|„lti..M.' 
 
 IT 1. K 1 1 II 1 ■ I luninl. 
 
 1^ .1 i: .,1111 ,niisii|iaihin.* 
 
 ,1111 .". i; Nil I'l'tiii-ii 111 
 
 r.i 1' 1, 1 1 II 1 1 I ! I .■(iiiv-iliiiiiiiiM,* 
 
 II . , . . Kisiili mil 
 
 -.Jii 1 ---"■'" ' ' kiiiiwn, 
 
 -Jl II N 1 I 1 1 I 1 ' iiiriii-il, 
 
 ,,1111 7 7 Nil M'tui-ii I'f 
 
 -J .1, \V 1 I 1 1 1 1 I ' .■,,iistiiiiilli.ii.* 
 
 , Nil ritiii-n 111' 
 
 ■j:-. W II . 1 -- - 1 ,,,Msii|iilliiiii * 
 
 ■J) I'. V\ 1 '- 7 ■■• 'I' "1^ '•'"'■'"'■■' tVinstiimtiiiii'init 
 
 -.-. I, M 111'" ivll.'Vi'd. 
 
 , , , I , 1 ■' V s N.I i-i'tuni "f 
 
 •jr, .\ r. 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 - ,nnsti,iali..ii,' 
 
 1 n II inii-^liimiiii" "■ 
 
 ■.'7 .1 ^^ --"""" llHIli'll 
 
 ,, ,, . . No ilT.ii 
 
 ■js \\, r. ', 11 1 1 1 1 't 7 Nil .■■■nini nf 
 
 •ji.i W, r. ! 1 I I 1 ' ' ' .■oiisiii.allnii,' 
 
 •"' it. ivluii. 't '..n'n|.:!'i.'n MM.'; ,.in.'.'N v-vln^ rm,,, .«■. 1'- 
 Kl\ iii"lith> 
 
 |,r i;..-. nlli:il - l'""' '" 
 
 ,,,„, ,,[ ,; ni"-i -liikiiiL; |ilirn"in'-iia ivM-alnl \<\ tin- 
 ,,„,^ 1,1 ,1,1, tal'li- 1- 111'- |ir..lim.-i-il niHuiv "I' tliu action 
 
 ,,,,„1,„,„1 i,v tlu-'iMi^. It I- 1.1.1 .knn.nl thai oni. mjcv- 
 „m will I'Vo'liar |M,v.,,u...n I'.riM'.iv llia.i loiu- or tl^'■ 
 
 dav< linl llial II u'- .1" tin,, anil that .Mh-nt lla-aMl 
 
11 
 
 lllrllt- nil iIol;-. ,. , , 
 
 It Mil- iK.i.r.l iliat 111.' -ur.r.- aiirii-liiiL' tU' observance 
 ,,,■ ,|„. In.'iHiir and .li.lrth nil<- -ntlmr,! abuve. .Innns: 
 ,1,,. |„.n,„T ,n ul.u-ii 'lail'. w'^ruu■u\^ oi ti.r 'nuwcs were 
 I,,,,,,- iM.iiirr,! ■n^ ill.' .li!-!' innlv. un,,! 1 rncouni-e the 
 
 ,,,,i.:n- 1" rn,„iniir in li UM.r\an.v ni ilu-c nilc-. and 
 
 ihMi il:,\ unnl.l ihii- -Mam a jin manci.t < inv without 
 rnilhM-'n-.rl to ,lni.-. Th,. NNa- ivaliz^.l m wn 
 ,,„,,„,,., lit of lii,. lu.ntv-mrraM.- o! ,liivn,r ,-.inMipa- 
 li,,n Tiiat ih.' tuial iv-nlt- iv,nr,h.| .hinn- tlir hr^t 
 
 U,rk InlluUIll- injrrllnn aiviiot , i m ' i o | i-v -h h ■ h N ,u I mU' 
 
 ;,n,l ,liri,tir livalnirn, i- i-iun.,! 1,v tli. fan that inanv 
 ,,!• ihr-r -aiiH- i.ati.nl- ^^'■yr <M .li-i-'n^uw ra?o^ who had 
 ,,,,,l,.,idv had llir >an.r -iiu-r-lions and advice on nniner- 
 !,„. pivMon- Ni-it- a- u>.ll a- hv the Minihir iv-„lt^. 
 ;d,vadv ,ieiilion,.d. v,hi,h w.n- nhtained m aniinaN. 
 
 I, ,, x,.r\ rNiilciU that piiriioitctrachloriihthahan i< 
 n,,t an idral inii-alivr. S.Arral -cnmi- „h.,crt lo,,- at 
 oIK !■ |iii-ciit iheiiiM'lvc- ; 
 
 1 ■riir iii-nliihilitv of thi- dm- 111 \witcr. 
 
 •/. The -!i-lit .'ic-r >l' il- -oliihilitv 111 oil n-rr-itat- 
 
 jii,. ii lar-c voliiuH- l"i' injcclioii. 
 
 ~, -i-h,. \nvi time <la;iMii- hdniv il iisct ui it^ hi.\a- 
 
 ,u., .iHion. uhich appear- n-nailx .'iohtc.n to twcntv- 
 luiiv ho.ir- after adinini-t rat i..n of th.e dru,<:. 
 
 I. The mild ehaiaeier ..f it- a.tioii. wliieli I- rather 
 hi\al i\e tlian ]eir^ati\e. 
 
 \, ,1,.. -Mine time -exeial red.vmin- teatiire- uhieli 
 „„Kr till- -iih-tan.e ,,f peeiiliar xaliie mii-t not 1 vef- 
 
 Inukr,!: 
 
 1 'Idle pi.^lon-ed miliire of It- action. 
 
 •/. 'n,,, .ii.-ni.e of -aiiipN pain- ami enli, thronehont 
 the period of It- aetion. 
 
 :; -rheeun-taii. . at lea-t in tiie.a-e>-.. lar -tndicd. 
 ^,1,1, whi.h it ha- produced ie>iilt-. 
 
 l-hrllollHraehlorphlliah'in. thell. l- elllelellt. lioll- 
 
 ,,,xi,. and iiMiMiiitant ulicii adniini-tered a- a -ii mii- 
 ,,,,,,.,,11- piir.atue. hin Its in-oluhilitv iii «ater an.l tt- 
 l,nv -oliihilitv m ..il -lan.i m the wav of it- uide ap)) h- 
 ,,,i,.n a- -II. h in pia.tieal i herapcit u- hut do i„,t d,- 
 ,,,„, |,,„„ „< ,.|Vuieii, V uheii a -,il.,iilane,ni- pi.r.^ati^e 
 >- imli.alcl. It imn pi„x,. „f . on-i,lerah!e vain,, m eei- 
 i,;ni ,,Mi,litim,-. a- lai m e,,ma ; (h) m iiiarkd -a-tio- 
 
Vi 
 
 iiiu-tiii;il ivnialiiiit'. wliicli ciiiiniinili. iiir- lli<' ;i(liiiini-^ 
 tratiou III' :i pin-uatnr hv iiuuitli : (ci am-iii: ili'' in-.;ii.'. 
 wild often rcl'usc l-' lako aiiv mcili-iiic l.v mniuli jna 
 wild liulil viirorduslv iiffiiiii^t tile iMlinini-iratidii of 
 ,.,„.niiiiii; (.1)' ill (■.Ttiiiii ca^o df clir-ni. ,.mMi|KUidn. 
 cdinhiiicil with liVLnonic. did. 'tic ami ii~v.lii. t natineiit. 
 riifiioltcti-aclilofplitlialcin i- w<.iih.v df a trial in the 
 fi,.|,| df al"ldiinnal :-iifp-r,v. wlicn iU nil n»liaii..ii iir- 
 ncalli tlH' -kill ran lie a.coiii|ili-lif.i (liinii- l!ie aiic-tiM Ma 
 witlidiil aiiv iiaiii v, lailrvcv. wlunv it- iniM |nn|nii->Ml 
 laxative elVeel. e. ,-.. a -if, Jailv -td,,l. -lartiii- dii t!:e 
 (lav fdlliiwini: llie d|.evaliMii ini.i cniit 11111111- for a |.enn.! 
 nf'fnnn fmii' to m.n day-, inay jid^r-ildy eiitirelv di-|irn-e 
 with tlie neees.-itv df adinim-IerinL; any etliev |iiir-at i\<' 
 liv ni(.iitli diivin.tr tlie lir-i uerk -iik>(M|ii.nt to tlie oprr 
 atidii.