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6
RT
OF
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
MADE OS THE
ISLAND OF ST. HELEN,
>,\ THE RIVER ST. LAAVREXCE, OPPOSITE THE CITY OF MONTREAL,
FROVIVCE or CANADA,
Situal-. 1.1 <,-io 3V K, ta-. anJ 73u 22' \V. I ongitn.le, In llio years !fi3J-»0, an.l 18K 41
rOR THE
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF MONTREAL,
BY THE MILITARY GUARD THERE STATIONED,
r: N n K H the s u r i: r, w; t e n d a n c r. a y d n i r e c t i o n n p
JOHN S, M'COUD,
As?npi,itu M"iiiliiT nl'tlio London Meteorological Soricty, Moml^or ofilie Xatnral History focielf
ofMonti-eal, Con-esjioiuling M'-'iiibpr of the Literary and ^Ii^:to^ir.^l Society ofQtlul'c lUiJ
r.f the Albany InstitaiL', Sfate oCN'ew Vork.
MONTREAL:
JTRINTED FOR THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, BV JOHN LOVKLL;
18I-2,
1-
I
REPORT.
The valualtlt! results obtained from the Hourly Meteorological
observations made in tiie years 1824 and 1825 at Leidi, and sub-
sequently at Plymoulli, by W. S. Harris, Esq. F. 11. S. &c. for
the purpose of determining the laws of diurnal variation of temper-
ature, induced me as far back as 1836, to apply on behalf of this
Society to the then Commander of the Forces in Canada, His
Excellency Sir John Colborne, (now Lord Sealon,) for the
co-operation of the Military Guard stationed at the Island of St.
Helen, opposite this city, to carry into effect a series of observa-
tions similar to those executed in Britain. With that readiness
which ever distinguished His Excellency, where any public benefit
was lo be conferred, the requisite general order was immediately
(»btained, but the unfortunate troubles which broke out in 1837 and
1838, put an end for some time to the peaceful arts — and it was
not therefore till July, 1839, that I was enabled to commence the
present series of observations.
The general order obtained, directed the recording of hourhf
observations, but upon enquiry I found (hat as the relief of sentinels
took phu'o at every second hour, I should be compelled to trust the
accuracy of the intermediate observation to the attention and punc-
tuality of (he non-commissioned officer of the guard, (a person daily
changing,) without any check upon him. I therefore preferred
limiting my observations to every second hour, with (he cer(ainty
f>f dicse being regularly and punctually executed, rather than
require hour ij observations, i\w laitlifiilness orwhicli I mi^Tit not
bo «ible su .surely to rely on.
The lirst series of these observations was consequently made at
the even hours by (!;iy and niti;ht, from the first day of Au<riist,
i839, <o the lhirty-f»rst day of July, 1840. The Comniandinof
Oirieer «)f the Royal Artillery in the Canadas, Colonel Campbell,
most kindly placed at my disposal, the services of Coi-poral (now
Serjeant) Tweedale, of that cor{)s, to superintend the duo execu-
tion of the work by the guard daily mounted. Serjeant Tweedale
I found an enicient assistant, having had some experience in mete-
orological observatioe.s when stationed at Halifax, No\ a Scotia.
For the position of iny instrument, and its protection from
rellected heat, &c. I selected the northern angle of the rampart
surrounding the barracks at tiie Island y)'^ St. Helen, a spot I
consider well adapted for. these purposes, freely exposed to the
north, and about sixty feet above the St. Lawrence, and over-
hanging the same. The thermometer is suspended in a cage ov
screen, built precisely after the one described by INIr. Harris in the
Fifth Report of the British Association, placed on a single vertical
pillar, in eveiy respect conformable to that gentleman's instructions.
The instrument used is one long in my possession, and carefully
compared with good instruments, made by Messrs. Newman, of
London, and Adic & Son, of Edinburgh, the accuracy of its gradu-
ation, especially below the zero point (Fahrenheit's scale) 1 can
depend upon. The non-commissioned oflicers in command of the
reliefs, enter the observations in a form prepared by me, and to
them every acknowledgment is due for the care and attention
bestowed \\\ww this duty.
At the expiration of the Hrst year of these observations, by
the kindness of General Clltherow, commanding in the District
of Montreal, I obtained an order that ilie observations for the
ensuing year should .te recorded at the odd hours^ or I, 3, 5, &c.
so that now at the expiration of the second year, a complete series
of hourly observations has been obtained.
When the^c observations were commenced, I was not aware of
I \
i! }
4k
I I
( \
the oontf'inplntcd cstaMislimfMit of ;m olis('rv;itor\- at Torniito, tor
tiic |)iif|)iis(.' dl' rt'ioi'iliut!; nietforolo^'ical as well as uias^iicllc |tlit'-
iiDini'ir.i — lor in thai cast! it iiiii;iit jla^'<' licoii dci iiird prrsiiinptioii
to atl(Mii[)t, with iho means at ni\' connnaiKl, a similar iiiulrrlalvintij,
although limited to motoorolo^-y, hut as the present ohservalioiis
were undo.-taken previously, and as it was I'ound their iiccuracy
could he deptiuded upon, I determined to continue them, if only for
the pur[)(»se o("com[)arison,[)articidarly as tliai comparison would he
fenderod additionally usel'id by the distance h(lweeii the places of
obserxation, (nearly 400 miles.)
The plan ado])te(l in the following 'j'ables, is the sam(> as that of
iMr. Snow Harris in his able paper, puldished in the Fifth Report
of the Transactions of the British Association, and I have as closely
as possible adhered to that iijentleman's instructions tlirougliont.
The divisions of the year into (juarterly periods of Spring-, Si.m-
mor, Autumn and Winter, as used in Britain, camiot be strictly
applied to this latitude in America. In thai pari of tlie Province
of Canada, bilJHM'to known as Lower Canada, we h.ave, truly
speakiuii, no S|!riiig, and hut few weeks of Autumn ; in the former,
the transition from snow to the intense heat of summer is almost
instantaneous, and from the latt(>r to tlie winter's frost, we have
only a short interval of two or thriM^ weeks, and aiiain ail is winter.
The (jnartorlv dixision tliereiore, used bv IMr. Harris, and adopted
by me, is, witli regard to tliis country, pur( ly arbitrary, and useful
only for the purpose of comparison with the tables made in England.
The same may be said of tin divisions of sumnier and wiiiier,
here we liave actually above se\t'n months of winter, and less than
five months ol" summer, but for tl;e aljoxc mentioned reason I have
followed ihe same subdivision of the year.
WIk'H I commenced tli(! present task, the only oiiscrvations of a
slinilar nature mulertaken in Americni, that 1 was actpialnted W'ith,
were those- instituted in the year 1835-'G at Frankford arsenal,
Pennsvlvania, by Captain Mordicai, of the U. S. Ordnance Depart-
ment, and pid)lished in tht^ .fournal of tli(> Franklin Institute, and
from the great cart^ and atlenlion Itestowcd b\ that gentleman in
§
iIh'.s(; «»l)s«'rviili()iis, ii is .mly li» hf r(>ific'ttr(l llijit (licv were not
<itii(iiiiii'(l IcvDiiil iIm' llist iwt |\(' imuiilis.
It will III' sri'li ill till' rt'siiits ()i)l;iiiic(l I'V Uic, (luM tlic scnit' of
«liiinial \ iiii;iii(»ii ol' (riii]M'iiiliiic, in TahU' XIV. fur (Ih- pairs of
hours, ill tli!s liitiiialr, (willi one cNccptioii which will he iioliciMl,)
corrojioiids pcrli'dly wiili ihal olilaiiu-d hy Cajitain INIonlerai,
allow inn- f.r (he (JiiriTcnci. of niraii-teuiperature of tin; two j)laces
of ()hsi'r\ atioii.
The i-i'cciit r('si)lulion of (his So'i'-ly lo coiilimie these uhserva-
lioiis, adiliiii;' ihercto a record of die Barometer, will a(hl greatly to
ihcir iiilercst and eiiahle nie lo verify and cori'(>ct, if necessary, the
results now attaiiud.
The lahour thrown awav, even in this Colony, in compilini;
Meteorological Tahles, is almost incredihie, from the want of
system and concert in the times and manner of ohservatictn, no two
ohser\ (MS amoiio- the mass of tahlos suhmitted to me havina; recorded
at simihir hours. In fuluie this need not he; the case, the ohserver
may select any hour or pair of hours of the twenty-four which may
suit his jiersonal convenience, and hy applying the corre(;tion set
f )rth in the Tahles XHI or XIV, olitain the true moan-tempcraturo
of the yt>ar at the ])lace ol' ohser\ati(»n.
TAnr.R [. — Daily and Monthly M(>an Tcmporntiico iVom !«! August \9,:\:i,
to ;]ht July IS 10, i-pconlcil nf the i'vo;i hours.
18:J!>.
I
Day Aug. Sept.
I
2
.')
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Oct.
Nov. i Di'C. 1) Jan. i Feb.
63.33 6 1.75
65. 41 j69.1(;;
;62.83 71.3';i
'67.91171.70
|70.70J66.37
72.0065.70
68.30,65.45
67.16 66.75:
!65.58|70.20;
'62.20 62.9 '
00.
j64
(;4,
Jg6,
(67,
66,
70,
74,
77,
,80
62
.87
55,
50,
53,
13.6(i .38.45'3.5.33
10.5S;35.08!30.4l'
51.95 31.0()|2!).91,
U.33|29..50 2!).75
37.50 29.16 21.99|
15.30 30.11 ;2S.83 I
52.01 32.0o|3().33
57.16 3l.5o'35.25|
59.41 30.6Gi.36.00 I
5 1.50' 30.66 ,3,5.08
1810.
Mnr, April
-4.75 12.8323.41
-1.0M3.0l'36.25
-1.05 :0.0l|38.12
7.6r .7.7!il.l..15
18.81 i 1.66 31.45
16.23|2l.2,530..58
lt.68|35.5lj 13.62
19.58 36.3714.33
26.66|3!).91i21.5U
27.41 .JI.IgIh. 12
00 45.54 29.33 33.00 !
30.7t)
00 15.83 2.5.33
,00 52.66 27.3.3 29.00
I
62l.55.58
32
00
66
54.;
74j64
3362
33|63
41,63.75 60..
66; 60
91 62
12.88 35.66 •>4.00
13.30,43.83 22.75
78.60
78.00
69-20
70.95
69.16
61.12
66.75
54.29
53.91
.62
>.33
38..'>
31.66-
4,
3.
8.
4,
-3,
■ 12,
-9,
-0,
17
16
50
45
,66
95 13.001
15.91
50 22.62
10.50
15.,58
0.08i
19.20
45| 16.58
83|35.9I
70 '11.25
31 60.00
52.58|32
62.20|41,
52.54:50.
50.00 55,
47.83:18,
45.91 56,
12.54 60,
39.9155,
42.! U 48,
40.04 16,
140.
1218.83
754 9. J 6
08|26.58
3333.50
2531. 75,23. 12
5817.12^25.75';
8823.87 23.121;
54 30. 16^25.08 1
25'3l.20 20..37
.'58.36.66; 6,20
3.75
I2.8:j
ll.7t)
I8.75|
20.70,
13.12;
-0.91,
6.5SJ
3.62:
-1.79
-1.29
-1.62;
6.20
17.00,
29..58:
I
17.66;
10
[6.29
2i.3:i
7.83
26.00
33.08
32.50
36.83
35.45
tl.04
.38 41
37 37
37.'0
39.00
31.62
30.83
26.01
.30.92
38.16
17.58
iMay
17.08
11.51
.Itine
.55. .50
Jul)
(iO.
56.2001.91
17.50 56.08'65..>
68.2(1 67.7r
42.00
40.01
41.54
l().37
46.33
47.,50
62.50
69.70
57,37
73. U
72. H
74 58
.58 00 73.8-/
()7.45 72,0(,
27.41
17.50
23.50
25.83
27 50
27.12
37.00
21.12
16.75
25.83 25. le:
7.75|35.5()
21.17i31.01
29.75:35.79
|36.00
33.30
33,
18,
39.
41,
39,
46.
51,
47,
41,
39
47.20 72.95 67.6:2
50.7072,
52.0-;66,
56,41 62,
50
00
58
33
58
46
25
83
50
04 61.08
0&'63.S';
.54173.4,'^.
61.16
55.00
,53.16
69.25
65.08
16
1 1.58162.91
44.87 61.4]
55,66
51,33
59.66
65.41
63.41
70. 5r
70.04
64.95
67.50
68.16
73.83|76
78.04 68
51.37!62.92|69.66'69
17.58,71.,54
36,00|73,79
16.87i71,54
59,
,34,
60.
63,
64,
57,
57,
58
54
29
41
75.20
77.62
81.33
O8J74.O8
58 75.8;'
62 6<>.70
00 62.62
64.00
64,12
68.75
07
73
72
64
70,
69,
70,
,54
.70
,16
,04
00
79
47,50
61,70
^i»'n. 66.40 .57.70' 18.31 30.39123.42' 8.1(r20.84 27.31
56.29i
87
12.27.56.6164.38 70,39
73
Mean teinpciaturo ol the whole year IVoin 4380 obsci valionsj 43,01.
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CO i;0 ■-? bi b io
c; , r— -.} c^
c. I C5 — o, ►- a. It 1- ^ ^j 1^' ,2: ;^
»" CO Ol Ci Ci Oi C. I— •
CO CO ►- it It
n = I
c 2
G
P
3
"3
s
CD
n
3
O
B
O
Z3
3
o
I
o
9
Table III. Shewing iho Mean Temper iture for cac'
Spring, Summer, / utumn and Winter, from i
3l8t July, 1840.
oC the seasons of
ogust, 1839, to
Hours
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
2 A. M.
37.26
60.39
41.82
15.43
4 «
35.86
60.02
41-38
14.91
6 «
36.26
61.39
41.87
14.53
8 «
38.78
65.63
43.63
15.01
10 «
42.66
69.17
46.42
17.72
Noon,
47.51
72.47
49.30
19.96
2 p. M.
49.14
74.72
50.81
21.16
4 «
48.76
74.47
50.41
21.03
6 «
'15.79
72.10
47,67
18.97
8 «
43.28
67.88
45.50
17.94
1^ «
41.02
64-69
43.66
17.02
Midnight
39.27
62.51
42.77
16.10
Means
42.13
67.14
4i-44
17.50
Mean Temperature by this table 43.03.
Table IV. Shewing *ie Mean Temperature for ihe six Summer Months,
April to September inclusive, aud six Winter Months, October to
March inclusive, from 1st August, 1839, to 31st July, 1840.
Hours
Summer
Winter
2 A. M.
54.18
23.88
4 «
52.83
23.25
6 «
53.96
23.03
8 "
57.13
':4.08
10 «
61.22
2G.76
Noon.
65.26
29.37
2 p. M.
67.01
31.03
4 «
66.80
30.52
6 «
64.06
28.36
8 «
60.42
26.88
10 «
.57.62
25.78
Midniglit
55.5-2
24.80
Means
59.667
26.478
Mean Tcmpeialure by this *able 43.(»72.
10
Taule V. Daily riiul Mmitiily Mean Teiniierature fioni Ir^l August 1810
U) 31st. July I si I, recoriled at tlie odd liuuis.
1810,
Day Aug. , Sept. , Oct. [ Nov.
Dec.
184!.
Jan.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1-2
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21
25
2G
27
28
29
.30
:u
|74.6v;t)2.16.W.41,39.92| (j.6'/ i 6.16
76.50|59.n|51.67!l2.83'l6.0(i 114.92
i75.50j55. 11, . 56.00. 14.00| 13.04 j 8.17
69.42lo8.04j52.25; 12.25' 8.04'i-9.00
65.92!59.33'59.08'38.0S' 8.25| -7.04
j63.l(i;65.50 51.50 37.91 ' 7.58 ,27.58
61.92|67.1';:i7.66 .34.30 17.12 iHS.Ui
25.16
16.92
17.66
62.58 'o5.33|53.04 37.08 22.16
64.00|ti9.08'l0.75|39.5S 30.16
68.50!62.5Si38.08|39.83 35.42'
63.0&J55.16 48.66|37.17^18.5S^
66.83 50.66;l5.33 37.08'l7.58
70.00
54.50
67.66 59.16
63.75160.08
41. 25|39.08 29.58
43.04 33.25^31.92'
37.33 32.00 30.75
19.58
23.50
7.41
6.33
13.50
66.58 63.50:34.92 3 1.67 28.08:21.00
j70.25;67.08
75.83 157.33
75.50i55.33
37.75 30.75 21.25 35.58
15.25 30.04
7.08 9.04
57.50 -26.83 13.161 8.50
76.08:5l.0&j5i.92,25.92 14.33 10.33
i I I I ;
79.17 42.83:49.41 24.75 12.16 i2l OS
77.5043.67 142.33, 18. 17'l0.83 '23.00
76.58!51.08j45.08'24.25 10.04 '21.92
68.25 43.04;39.75'28.()0; 6.04 |29.33
01.58 53.25 ,38.33 27.58:-5.75 27.4,'
;67.0o|59. 11 ,35.17 22.5oj-3.58 ,29.83
70.4]|54.75 31.25 21.50 8.17 33.08
72.08150.08,35.25 29.83|l7.I6'27.08
l72.8:^;55.92'43..0S 36.25 26.75 123.42
6S.50'56.25 41.67,30.91 20.75 26.00
I'eb. j Mar.
I
April
May
30.04 39.08
29.1737.50
-4.00:30.83 35.42 11.08
3.50 14.91
13.17| 9.66
12.32jl3.75 27.16 34.33
13.58| 8.92 34.58 38.75
2L91 8.58 30.67 15-83
26.67 21.,5S
22.33 27.50
36.08' 18.00
32.58 18.25
15.58 26.33 26.7553.75
21.17^23.33
9.9245.50
6.42! 4.75
8.08 16.17
7.50
8.91
15.25
5.25
17.75
5.75
5.50!
7.83
5 23.75
20.67j39.92
23.9! 41.00
22.06 j 19.91
16.83' 11.41
23.25I42.33
27.53117.75
32.58' 15.04
32.58 13.75
41.04 49.75
40.17 1(3.25;
32.17|44.42
29.16l48.33
29.93iG0.04
June
56.85
59.91
56.83
63.42
61.16
64.42
73.75
1,75
67-83
69.25
67.50
62.75
65.41
61.58
59.50
G3.08
65..50
60.58
57.83
57.42
31
36
38
12
68.411
.38.67
IS.S.-'i 28.25
69.6!' 57.53,11.70 32.7(i 15.91 18.96
19.75 30.25
13.25|25.25
8.04.38.33
3.83 37.67
18.7539.4l'41
25.50 32.50:51
31.1(. 34.17:14
25.9234. 17|48
'26.33i57.
1-2.91 .37
I
121.25
1 4.. 52 22.. 5(:
.5SU32
.04|62
,5o!67
,75'58,
75 63,
.58 63,
6768.
83 70,
75,55,
1656,
i57.
.91 62.9
,25 69.91
,00|73.50i
,2562.92
08 61.75
,1764.83
July
68.91
59.17
90.00
64.50
67.67
65.75
65.08
61.50
65.42
62.17
62.16
03.67
72.75
72.08
72.25
66.50
68.50
69.83
70.67
73.25
75.83
76.67
73.75
76.66
73.33
65.33
59.75
8373.04
33 70.58J58.33
5074.6664.17
58 71.08 66.25
91
34.47 51.33
65.25
65.08|67-42
,.
t
Mean temp.'i-atuic of the year, troin 1380 Obscivations;, 41. -239
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Table VII. Shewing the Mean Temperature of each of the seasons
Hours
Spring
Summer
Autunnn
Winter
1 A. M.
31.97
62.50
42.12
15.14
3 «
30.48
61.42
41.49
15.41
5 «
29.44
60.55
41.00
13.79
7 «
30.27
64,10
41.96
13.36
9 «
34.71
67.51
44.28
14.36
11 «
38.68
70.80
47.01
17.03
1 p. M.
42.13
73.60
49.76
19.35
3 «
43.36
74.81
50.20
20.19
5 «
41.25
73.45
48.37
18.52
7 «
39.04
69.88
45.67
17.30
9 «
35.99
65.94
44.40
17.22
U «
34.03
64.04
42.69
16.10
Means
35.94
67.38
44.91
16.40
%■
Mean Temperature by this table 41.157.
Table VIII. Shewing the Mean Temperature of the six summer
months, April to September inclusive, and six winter months Octo-
ber to March inclusive, from 1st August, 1839, to 31st July,' 184.1
/ \
H
Hours
Summer
Winter
1 A. M.
52.98
22.88
3 «
51.78
22.18
5 «
51.07
21.25
7 «
53.63
21.22
9 «
57.32
23.11
11 «
60.53
26.23
1 p. M.
63.32
29.10
3 «
64.19
29.75
5 «
63.62
27.17
7 «
60.00
25.95
9 <•'
56.46
25.32
11 «
54.65
23.78
Means
57.46
24,82
Mean Temperature by this table 41.140.
/ \
13
'^''"o^ Jfj.^ h""'"! *''' ''^f '°" ^*^*^^^" ^^'"^ Moan Tenperaturc
^ each alternate even hour, with that of the whole day or
Mean Annual Temperature for 1839.'40.
' ».
' t
A. M.
r
Temperature
Deviation
P. M.
[
Temperature
Deviation
38.81
-4.22
38.04
-4.99
8
38.51
-4.52
10
40.77
-2.26
8
49.03
+5.99
48 66
+5.63
46.21
+3.18
43.94
+0.91
12
47.31
+4.28
43.65
+0.62
10
12
41.71
-1.32
40.16
-2.87
Table X. Shewing the relation of the Mean Temperature of
every sjmilar pair of alternate even hours, to tha of tl^e
whole day or Mean Annual^Temperaturc fo^ 1839-'40.
A. M. & P. M.
Temperature
Deviation
2
4
6 8
10
12
43.91
+0.88
43.35
+0.32
42.36
-0.67
42.?.1
-0.82
42.82
-0.21
43.73
+0.70
14
Table XI. Slicwino' llio rolaticm hctwocn llio Menu Temporal uro
of each alternate odd liour, \vitli that ol' the wliole (hty or
INIcan Annual Teinperalure ibr 18 10-' 11.
A. M.
1
1
3
5
7
9
11
Temperature |
Deviation
37.94
-3.28
36.99
-4.23
36.19
-5.03
37.68
-3.51
40.22
-1.00
43.41
+2.19
P. M.
1
3
5
7
9
11
Temperature
Deviation
46.19
H-4.97
1
47.15
+5.93
45.67
+4.45
42.98
+1.76
40.90
-0.P.2
39.22
-2.00
' #
Table XII. SJiewing llio relation of the Moan Tomperaluro oJ
every similar pair of alternale odd honrs, to tliat of the whole
day, or l^.Ican Annual Temperature 11 )r 1840-' 11.
A. M. & P. M.
13 5 7
9
11
41.31
+0.09
Temperature
Deviation
1 1
' 42.06 i 42.07 i 40.93
+1.84 '+0.85 -0.29
1 1 i
40.33
-0.89
40.56
-0.66
w
Table XII f. Shewing tlie curroctiuns to be made lor each hourly
obsurvatiuii taken from Tables IX and XL
' -r
■^ A. M.
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
1
1
Correctioa
-3.28
-'1.22
-4.23
-4.99
-5.03
-4.52
Hour
7
«
10
U
12
Correction
-3.51
-2.2G
-1.00
+0.91
+2.19
+4.28
1'. M.
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
Coireclioii
+ 1.97
+5.99
+5.93
+5.63
+4.45
+3.18
12
Hour
7
8
9
10
U
Correction
+1.76
+0.62
-0.32
-1.32
-2.00
-2.87
From this table it will bo se(>n that the mean annual temper-
alin-e oi" any hour never ilillers more than about six degrees Croni
the mean amiual temi)erature of the twenty lour bours. Thus
the mean temperature for JNlontreal, may be attained from a
register made at only one hoiu- of (he day, applying tiie correction
in the tabl(>, observing its sign. ''J'hus if the observed mean tem-
perature of 10 A. M., taken from the okiervalions of the whole
year was 43.91, then t' e mean temperatmr of the whole Iwenly-
f>ur hours, for the year would be 13.91-0,1)1 siuee tiuuiK^an lem-
ptn-atm-e of 10 a. m. exceeds the mean temperatun' of (he twentv-
foiu' hours, by 0.91 , tliat is, in a[)plyhig the respective correctioms
the sii^ns are to be reNer.-icd,
I
Tablk XIV. Shewing tl.c corrections for each nnir of I .
the twonty-four, from Table X „„d XII. ' ''""' "^
(Correction
+1.84 +0.88 +0.85 +0.32 -0.29 _o.
Hour A. M. & p. Bi. I 7
Correction
-0.89 -0.82 -0.66 -0.21 +0.
09
+0.70
.d;;;;';.f : ; ;' '-", -"-- "- "■<' .--. ,evia.io„ of
y Mm.iar ,,.,„ of l.ours l,om tiio mean of (ho twenK- f„
'-„ annual ,e,n„er„t„re i. ,«. „,„ ,,, .Wee ^7',,"
"lean temperature of the .iv „.i. r , . "" "'"
inclusive, exceeds the m , " ^''"^ '•''^™" '" f"'"-
.li«ore„ce hei J am """""""'= "'' "'^ ^■"-' '"^ «---'
'- five to ten" in •■.":: Ir""" °^ '"" ''^ ^'"■'
vear, the .-reatest differenc . n '"°"" '""!«"'"« of the
? V- Qicaic!5[ (iiiiercnce beino- 89
-'«--> and n : :7,f*:™'™« 7«f -«- „.
mean temperature of the 24 hours and th^'f^f " """^ ""=
-en hours, the mean of 4 . „ I', "t '^ ""''^ "' "'"
'■• M. approach nearest. " "•' "'"' '° ^- "• »<i '»
Nolwit'islandin.' the close •>„„,. • ■
>".*at 11 and U ^ ,1 ,"''P'°-^'™«'"" "f "'O observations
'J"" u, (as shewn by tnblp YTV f« ♦!
twcnty.four hours, I am incIinoL 7, ""''''" "^ *^'^
5 'uji jncunod to believe tl-.n( in . , .
■■• M. are the best hours of observilion • '".'"'''" ^- "■ •■""' ^
h .i.e results obtained „ , ' '" '^" ' ■™ ''"""= »"'
West) where the ev , , :,:''^'"""'"'^ "' ^'''■■™'" (Canada
been most obli.in.ly ■ i ed ' "" T'''"' "■'"' «'-'' H-e
• 17
Table XV. Extracted from tiie results obtained at the obscrva-
tory at Toronto, shewing tlu- relation of the mean temperature
of every snnilar pair of alternate even hours, to that of the
whole day, or moan annual temperature, from 1st August,
1840, to 31st July, 1841.
A. ^r. &. r. iM.
Temperature 41.3-2 | 43.93
Deviation +0.60 | -fO.27
42.96 ! 42.83 43.70 I 44.16
-0.70 I -0.83 +0.04 +0.50
On comparing this table with table X it will be seen how closely
correspond the resuhs attained at the two stations. The ob^erva'-
t|ons mad. a( St. Helen during the current vcar are recorded at
ti- odd hous, du.ir rosuiN will determine the question of the
merits oi the ol)scrvations at 11.
In conclusion, die mean temperature in this latitude mav be very
closely deferndned by two observations in the dav, made throuoh-
out the year, at 4 a. m., and 4 p. m., or at iO a. m. and 10 p m •
or more aeruralely at those, .>,- any other similar pair of hours by
attendmg to d.e corrections in ih. ma.mer laid down in the remarks
lollowing Table Xlll. aU.ntion being paid to the respective signs.
AUhough in no n.anu..r allec.i.g the correctness of the results
obtaniod n. the toregoing obsorvatior.s, it is nevertheless to be
rogretle<l that th.. mean temperature of the year '39-MO and
40-'41 shotdd have ditfered nearly 2 degrees (1-81) owin.. 'to the
spi-itig 01 1841 beii.g so much colder than that of the preceedin^
year. "
Montreal, 1842-
I
18
ReauUs dtducible from the foregoing Tables for the year beginning 1st
August, 1839, ending Zlst July, 1810.
Maximum 91.5 took place oa 16lli July, 1840, at 2 p, m.
Minimum -18 do IGlh January, 1840, at 8 s. m.
Mean temperature of 10 days about the summer solstice, viz. from j ,,
June 15 to June 25, inclusive, 1840 I 63.44
Mean temperature of 10 days about the ivinlcr solstice, viz. from 15th )
to 25th December, inclusive, 1839 | ^^'^^
Mean temperature of the four r Winter, Dec. Jan. Feb. _ _
seasons, from Table 111.,' Spring, March, April, May. . .
iucludinjj Smonths each. I .Summer, June, Julv, Au"-ust, .
L Autumn, iSept., Oct., Nov., . .
Mean lemperature of winter r Winter, Jan., Feb., March, Oct., j ^ .
and summer, from Table j Nov., Dec, | '^^'^'^
IV., including 6 months I Summer, April, May, June, . . ) -q ^^
each. I July, Au^., Sept., . . . . l^^'^^
Mean temperature of the vphole year, from 4380 observations, moan ) ., n-
ofTablesl. and II J '^^•"'^
Extreme range of temperature, . . . ; 109.5
17.50
42.13
67.14
45.44
h-
Resulls dcducible from the foregoing Tables, for the year beginning 1st
•August, ISIO, ending 31st July, IS4<1.
Maximum 89.5, took place 22d August, 1840, at 3 p. m.
Minimum-15.5, took place 4th January, 1841, at 7 a. .m.
Mean temjjerature of 10 days about the summer solstice, from 15th to
25lh June 1841. .......
63.54
Mean temperature of 10 days about the winter solstice, from 15th to )
25th December, 1840 j 11.72
_._. four ('Winter, Dec, Jan., Feb., .
by TablVviI., 3 J ^P""S^' ^'^^"'^> ''^P''!' May,
sach. . . . 1 Summer, June, July, August,
I Autumn, Sept., Oct., Nov., .
an temperature of winter T Winter, Oct., Nov., Dec, .
and summer, from Table J Jan., Feb., March, . .
VIII., 6 months each, | Summer, April, May June, .
L July) Aug., Sept., , .
Mean temperature of the whole year, from 4380 observations, mean , ., ^^
of Tables V. VI., T^*^^
Extreme range of temperature, : . . . 105.0
Mean temperature of the
seasons
months e
Me
16.40
35.94
67.38
44.91
1^
24.82
57.46
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