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Meps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed et different reduction retios. Those too lerge to be entirely Included In one exposure ere filmed beginning in the upper levt hand corner, left to right end top to bottom, as many frames ee required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les certes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A des taux de rMuction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul ciichA, 11 est film* A partir de I'angle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de heut en has, en prenant le nombre d'Images nAcessalre. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 \^^ VINDICATION O F T HE C O N D U C O F Captain Chriftopher MiMeton, » 1 N A Late Voyage on Board His Majefty*s Ship the Furnace. FOR Difcoveringa North- weft Paflageto the Wejiertii American Ocean, li ■m- f li f I /■ ■^ ;i. -^. A i^ 'U ' I i- k. J- ■ i t ,fi l,,V .-< J ■ '" 6 -^/**". **"•' ,*ij* KJ- •f- *^ /^N. 1' •-^•U A >^.4 J ^ fc< -. -MS ^ '^ < VINDICATION OF T H E CONDUCT O F Captain Chriftopher Middleton^ I N A Late Voyage on Board His Majefty's Ship the Furnace, FOR Discovering a North- American Paflagc to the Wefiern Ocean, In Answer To certain ObjeSiions and Afperjions o F ARTHUR DOBBSync^, A P WITH AW I X: P E N D CONTAINING The Captain's Inftruftions % Councils held^Reports of the Inferior Officers ; Letters between Mr. "Dohhs^ Capt. Mtddleton^ &c. Affidavits and other VoucheVs refer'd to in the Captain's AnfwerSy &c. With as much of the Log-Journal as relates to the Discovery, The Whole as lately deliver^ to the Lords CommiiEoners of the Admiralty* To wUch is Annex'd* An Account of the Extraordinary Degrees and Surprizins Effefb of Cold in Hudfon^s-Bayy North America^ read before the Royal Society. % CHRISTOPHER MIDDLETON"^ Late Commander of the Furnace, and F. R. S. LONDON: ' Frinted by theAUTHOR*s Apjpointmeit ; and Sold bf Jw«i RobinfoHt at the Golf " * f ,t'' f« <.f u '^f f t W3" ^? '"^ T. invrdi'y f'4'ii' ir.^V-C»^'ii' rf JV «^ " f i In* i J^ T ^ v,^ ,r\r /i K' t I v; ,f A% rj_ ;i T i;f I ,% t ^ «> ^ ai/;j. •^ A ' i ■ fc nv O t. «-- 4^ t*? J ^i>**jv\ ^. U 3SiJi,:> ■a a,rf?'srit'? ^^'.:„.;i. «• .♦, r% Ol IV r)C C- J J5. v. .;''" » -r ■♦"irfcs "^ iJfV u i ^ iw-mgH. CON TENTS. QsEcretary CorbcttV I,f//^ ,/^ C(fptam Middlctbn, Q May 23, 1743. page i CapL MMHon'j LeU€rU Afr. iCJOubctt. ^'' £ Capt, MiddIeton*j Letter to the Lords CQtjm^ners of the Mnir^y. ,^h \ iv^ hitj% ^ SuccifiSi Jctount of what fsjlt^ kttmeen JS". P r— ^1^4 Cf^/. Middletgin. ..iW^ Jll^iri D *sObje5iions and Cj//. MiddletopP/ ^^ife. Men.. Ad 4^wiimary State of Mr,\^ *s 0h/e3ions an Capt. MiddletonV 4f[/wers, 6^ ptfl/iuces of the Qontradiiiions oftd Incoiififlencies in tb^ fifveral Anfwjprs to the ^ries propofed by the Lords Qonmjfuiners of the Admiralty tofome of Capt. Mid- dleton*j Officers^ 3cc. 83 'M, A P P E N D I X. 1. the O^tain's Lt/iruSions for the Fioyi^e, 99 H. The Lords Cmmiffion, Order of M9y 29, 1 741 . 103 UJ. Hudfon's Bay Company's Order to their Governor of Mxy the -^oth^iy^i, 104 IV, yi Council heidonhoardtheFvixnAce^Aug.jyAi, 104 V. 4 Council held at Foil Churchai,Mar. 21, 1741-2. 106 yi. VII. -^ Council held on hard the Furnace July 12, 1742. 4o5^ 107 yill. f he Lieutenant's Report July 27, 1742. 108 JX. The Capiat 2*s Order ^ July 2 7, 1 742. 109 X. The Lieutenant*sandMafter*s Report, Au^.i^i 742. no p. A Council held on hoard the Furnace, Auguft 8, XII. An Ahftrap of the Captain's Journal from Church- ill onthe Difiovery, ^ -^ ^ , ,4 i \f li i I ; \^ CONTENTS. . Xni. Mr. D— 'i £^//^/«Gf/>/.MiddJcton, Novem- ber 19, 1742' page I20 XIV. Capt, Middlcton'j Letter to M^, D— Novem- ber' 27, 1742. 123 XV. M". I>— 's Lftter toCapt, Middleton, Decem- ber 14, i74*» 12^ XVI. Copt. Middlcton's Letter to. iW^-. P— , Jan. XVIII A Letter of Mr. D— - to Copt. Middleton, Jan. 22d, i74«-3- ' ^^ * -* ''^ 131 XVIII. J Letter ofCdpt, Middletpn to Mr. D , /« Capt. 138 .138 141 143 119 .^IV • '.'^■» dateforgot. XX. yf» E^/rii^ of a Letter of Mr.JX--^ Middleton, May 2 7, 1 74 1 . XX. An Affidavit ^/Robert Wilfortl '^' XXL An Affidavit of John Mackbeth. ^- ' XXII. An 4fidavit of Thomas Towns. XXIII. An Affidavit of Ulrich von Sobrick. XXIV. y45» 4iJ∈// , . . ton, Novcm- page I20 [> — Novem- 123 :ton, Decem- 126 h D — , Jan. 128 r. Middleton, A&-.D ^ foCapf. 138 .138 141 143 119 147 ibid, f, 1 74.1. 149 k\i*s Letter to ibid. 150 [15- i5i 153 154 r^ C in Hudfoh^tf 191 A rick. 1 (O ' » (. t •»■■•••* - T •.;j. tK ». »' > :.•,» in'-K- / VINDICATION O F TH E l;:i.i CONDUCT OF >'^ai>l 'M?. Captain Chriftopher* Middleton^ I N A late Voyage on Board his Majcfty's Ship the Furnace, on a Difcovcry of a Nortb4Vefi PaJJage to the ^yeftern American Ocean^ &c. Secretary Corbett'^ Letter to detain MiDDLETON. SIR, Admiralty-Office, 2^d Jl%, 1743. M •R. ARTHUR DO BBS having laid before my Lords Cbmmiflloners of the Admi- ralty, Objeflions to your ConduA in your late Voyage in the Furnace Sloop, together with the Difcovery Pink, in order to find out a north-weft PaOage ; and having propoied feveral ^tferies, re- lating to your Proceedings in that Voyage, to which the late Lieutenant, Mailer, Surgeon, and Cierk of the Furnace Sloop have given Anfwers, I am commanded by my Lords CommilTioners of the Ad- miralty to fend you Copies of the faid Objedtions, Queries and Anfwers, and am to acquaint you, thac the Publick having been at a great £xpencein|fitting , ^ .^. B - . .. and ^ i; f ! lit (2) and fending out the faid Sloop and Pink, in order to make the aforc-niientibFed Dflcoveiy, whic^ would be of great publick Utility, their Lordfhips think it a Matter of a verv fcrious Nature, and that they ought to be thoroughly fatisfied, chat the Per- fon entrufted with the Execution of fuch a De(ign» has (lri6bly performiEid his Duty therein ; and there- fore, they cxDcft, that you give a very particular and clear Anfwer tor the feveri^ joints of Mifcon- dudt, which you are charged wifK by the aforefaid Papers. I am. Hi Tho. Corbet T. % i-*\is% .■K ■^, ■-.*\ .V Captain MiDi^LETON'i Anfijoef to SecNtary CorbeI't'. ^Ku % I ■»y wMin<»iHii»w. Honourable Sir^ I HAVE their Lordfliip^ Co^iiidhds fignified hf your Letteri with the Ifc^ei^F Papers inclofed therein, ponta'ning Objections to my Conduft in my late Voyage in the Furnace Sloop, and Dijcovery Pink. As it is theii* Lordd^ps Pleafure, I fhould anfwereaeh Particular in a dr^nCt Manner, I hum- bly pray their Indulgence, that F may hav^ TinEn to' make my Repli^ thereto ; tiot idoitM)ting, but I fliall make fuch fufficient AnlWefS'aswill be entirely to their Lordfhips Satisfaction; and prove myfelf an honed Man, and a faithful Officer and SybjeCt totheiCing. lam, ^ ^ ^ ONouRABLE Sir, • ; Tourmofi obedient Servant^ lin ;eiM;.L;.%)Cv-' ^0 the koi. Tho. Corbet, Efyi *U^ ■ ^tVi KiM i ^[-iW^t^i tl c. This Ifimt at the receiving the "' 'f' ^ *-^ , ,Obje£Uoii3 tomyConduft* yi > ;iV*u i^Hda^ jpaptatA 'I. (2) Captain Middleton'j Letter to the Lords of the Admiralty, My Lords, AS I was not in the lead confcious to myfclf of any Mifconduft during my Voyage to Hud- fon*S'Bay fhips my very humble Thanks for allowing me an Opportunity of making a proper and juft Defence. According to your Lordfliips Commands, I have drawn up full and particular Anfwers to all that Gentleman's Objedions and Remarks ; fubmitting the fame to your Lordfhips candid and impartial Examination ; being well afTur'd I have therein paid the flrideft Regard to Truth, and fupported the yrhole with ftrong Evidence of Fadbs, from the Logg-Books and JournaJt, as alfo from the Inflru- ftions. Councils, Reports, Affidavits, ^c, annex'd in an Appendix ; as muft, 1 humbly hope, give en- tire Satisfadion to your Lordfhips, in every Point alledg*d againft me, and entide me to your Coun- tenance and Protedion. Mr. D has call his Reflexions together, in fo confus'd and incoherent a Manner, without Or- der or Method, and fo frequently repeated the fame things, that I was for fome time at a lofs how I might make my Anfwers clear and diflind, as your Lordfhips had required. At length I perceiv'd I had no other way but to anfwer him Paragraph by B 2 Para- A I i hi ■ ii I W 'M fi (4) • paragraph 5 and wherever I met with Repetitions^ to refer back to the Anfwers already given. Mr. D 's Charges being of three Kinds, Neg-' kffy MifconduStj and Corruption^ or the Sufpkion of it 5 I have, for your Lordfhips eafier Perception, at the End of tny Anfwers at large, made a fum- mary Reduftion of them under thofe three Heads, and fubjoined the Subftance of my Anfwer to each. I have alfo added a Paper to fhew the many Con- tradidions and Inconfiftencies in the Anfwers to the Queries, of which your Lordfhips have been pleas'd to tranfmit me the Copy. But one thing is ftill unmentlon'd, which never^ thelefs I am fully perfuaded is effentially neceffary to your Lordfhips perceiving Mr. D *s Qbje- £^ions in their true Light, and tracing them to their real Source ; and that is a fuccin(51: Account of what has paiTed between Mr. B ^- and me (or relat- ing to me) from the time I firft knew him, aimoft down to this Day j which I have therefore alTum'd the Liberty to prefix to his Objections. And now, my Lords, in an humble Confidence, that I have, to your Lordfhips Satisfa6lion, ap- prov'd myfelf a faithful Servant and Subjc(5l of his Majefly, I hope that your Lordfhips will he pleafed to allow me the Liberty to print a Defence of my Condudt at lar^e, in order to wipe off thofe Af- perfions which Mr. D and his Abettors have mduflrioufly cafl upon me, as well in publick as in private, to the very great Injury of my Character aiid Reputation, I am, • vj , My Lords, V ^ nr Tour Lor djhips mefl ohdient^ * ^-> ^ ' - mi faithful humble Servant^ CMlODLETON, •^ "It 4 4 (5) " «• rrvr A SuccinSi Account of what haspafs'd between Mr, D — and C. Middleton. 'yr' ' SEVEN or eight Years ago, being then fetting out on a Voyage to Hudfon*S'Bay^ Mr. D-— often made ftrong Application to me, then a Stran- ger to him, to quit the Company's Service, in which I had continued many Years with much Re- putation, in order to undertake a Difcovery of a north- weft Paffage into the weftern American Ocean; telling me at the fame time, that he had already appiy*d to the Governor and Diredors of the Com- pany about fending out a proper Perfon ; but that thciy gave little Attention to his Propofitions. I anfwered him, that I had experienc'd the Service to be fo beneficial an Employ, as I knew not how to give up with Prudence ; but he endeavoured to re- move all fuch Objedions, by afluring me he could , procure me the Command of a twenty Gun Ship of r War. I perfifting in my Refufal, he entreated me to recommend feme other Perfon; but I defired alfo to be excufed in that Particular. However I offered tofurnilh him with all the Journals and other Memoirs I was poffefs'd of, which were likely to direft him to the Place where fuch a Paffage might moft probably be found. For both he and I were well agreed, that it was in vain to exped it on any Part of the weftern Coni^of Hudfen*S'Bay lower than 6s^ of Latitude. Every time I returned home from my annual Voyage, he follicited me a frelh, and more prefllngly than before ; urging, that he was fure no one \'o well underftood how to execute his Scheme as myfelf. I anfwered, that I thought his beft Expedient would be to go himfelf, and then he might be fure of having every thing done to his Mind; befides indifputably fecuring to himfelf the Glory of fp ufeful a Difcovery, if he fhould fucceed. This ■ ir (6) This Advice, I perceived, did not relifli with him at ^11 ; however he became thereon a little more moderate in his Sollicitations than ufual, till about four Years ago, underftanding that I had been difappointcd by the Company as to fomething I thought I had a Right to exped from them, he renewed his In- Hances, aflbring me not only of the Command of a Man of War, but likewife of a Royal Grant to my- felf and my Pofterity, of any of the Lands I Ihould happen to difcover. Being in the before-mention'd Situation with the Company, I confider'd his Pro- pofals, and came to this Determination : That if he had Intereft enough to procure me a Poft-Ship, I would undertake the Difcovery, and do my beft. He readily anfwered, that I might rely on what I demanded. As I was unwilling to part with my old Matters, without giving them fair Notice of my Intention, I told them, it was not likely that I ihould undertake more than one other Voyage for them. They propofed my continuing with them on more advantageous Conditions than before, which I refufed ; and from that time I afted in Concert with Mr. D . Sometime after this, the Fur^ mce Sloop was appointed for the Service of the in- tended Difcovery, and I was to have the Honour of the Command : But finding that I was not to take Poll', as I had condition'd with Mr. D — , I de- clined accepting the Commiflionfor fome Time after it had been made out ; 'till Mr. D , by al- luring Promifes that he would be fure to employ his Intereft fo as to procure me an Equivalent fome other Way, prevailed upon me to taKe it. I think it necelTary to obferve to your Lordfhips, that the Inftrudions by which I was to be guided in the Voyage were left entirely to Mr. D *s modelling ; and that they mention not a Word of fearchingany Coaft, Tides, (^c, or of attempting any >■ '. ^M**- * (7) any Difcovery fouthward of Whak-Bone-Point in 6s^ Latitude {Append. I.) For the feveral Particulars of the Voyage, and my Conduft therein, I beg leave to refcr yoiijj Lordfhips to the Log-Books, Journals, Councils', Reports, l^c. as alfo to my Anlwers to Mr. D — 's Objections, and to the feveral Affidavits in the Ap- fendix. ^ ■ /* " ■"_ On my Arrival at the Orkneys home- -^^^ ' wards, I fent a Letter to Mr. D , ^^fen'd. XII. with a juft Abftradt of my Journal, from our leaving Churchill River to go upon the Difcovery, to that time, by a Ship bound fr6m thence for Ireland; and as foon as I arrived in the River Thames^ I fent him a Duplicate of the fame Abftrafb for fear of Mifcarriage 5 both which in his Letter of November 19. he acknowledges to have received. In this Letter, Mr. D fays, '* I am convinced, from the Extract you have fent me of your Journal, that from the Welcome in 64^ 10 the Latitude of 6y Degrees, there are no hopes of a Paflage on that Coaft 5 and if there is any, it muft be further North, and confequently at- tended with more Difficulty. ■ Upon the whole, 1 think it would be in vain to pufh it any further that Way, I think the only fafe Way now is by the Rivers Nelfon and Churchill^ &c/* He clofes thus, " I hope to have your Anfwer as foon as you can conveniently, with your Journals and Draughts ; I wiffi you Health and Prolperity in all your Undertakings, and am, with great Efteem, Dear Sir, fc?f." {Append. XIII.) In Anfwer to this, I fent him my Letter of iVJ?- *vemher 27, promifing him my Journal and Chart by the firlt Opportunity, and adding at laft. Undoubtedly there is no hope of a Palfige to en- courage any further Trial between Churchill and fo far as we have gone, and if there be any fur- * . '• ther « cc 4( CC « CC cc CC CC -CC CC About a Week after this, Mr. James Smithy whom Mr. D himfdf had recommended to me as a Friend {Append. XIX.) and as fuch was employed by me in the Voyage, as an Under-Clerk, and wrote mod of the Copies of my Journal, came and told me that a clofe Defign was carrying on againft me, between Mr. D , my Lieutenant, my Clerk, and my Surgeon, and that Mr. IVilfon^ my Mafter, being then juft arrived in the River, he believed they had drawn him in too, for that he was fure he had been with them once at leaft. Mr. James Smith came to me a fecond time, and told me, that Mr. D had formed a Scheme to invalidate my Journal, and reprefent it as a falfe one \ but that Mr. Rankin informing him, that his own Journals, which were already delivered in, and fo could not be altcr'd, agreed in the main with mine, that Projedl was drop*d. Till now I had only felt a Concern for Mr. D — , who had behaved to me in fo ungenteel a Manner : But this Intelligence' warned me that it was high time to think of fccuring my own Reputation from his Attacks, which I refolved to do if I could ; and therefore, I forthwith fent to Mr. Rankin and Mr. IVilfon, and defired that they would bring their original Log-Books with them, which they did j and we paffcd mod part of the Day in comparing them carefully with mine, Mr. James Smith aflifting us : And finding them agree in every thing of Con- fequence, they teftified the fame in writing, and (b did Mr. Smithy in the firft blank Leaf of my Jour- nal, ready to be delivered to your Lordfhips. - At the fame time Mr. Wilfon and Mr. Rankin both declared an entire Diflike of Mr. D — *s praflifing with them ; and Rankin added, that Mr. D had endeavour'd to make his Wife believe that I had threacned to cane him, and perfuaded her w I «»- ( 13 ) . her to influence lum to revenge it fome way or other. Mr. Wilfonh Profeflions of refcnting Mr. B — 's Proceedings were undoubtedly fincere, as will ap- pear to your Lordfliips from his Affidavit {Append, XX.) I cannot fay the like of my Lieutenant. He meant me honeftly at firft ; elfe a Letter in his own Hand-writing {Append. XXXIII.) which I entreat your Lordfhips to read, proves him the worft of Hypocrites. But the fpecious Promife of a Com- mand in artother north-wed Expedition appears to have operated upon him, and foon altered his Con- du£b. As for my Clerk, he has openly declared, that becaufe I did not make him a Compliment of a Purfer's Warrant, (which I am fure he never afked of me) he refolv'd to diflerve me the firft Oppor- tunity •, and to that end took on in Mr. D 's Service -, not doubting, with the help of his Friend the Surgeon, to do my Bufinefs, and be rewarded on that Account with a Purferfhip. (Mr. Bewilde% Mr. fFilfon% and Mr. Macbeaib's Affidavits, AIpp, XX. XXI. and XXVI.) On the other hand, as I have already acknow- ledged the very friendly Admonitions of Mr. James Smithy Mr. D 's particular Friend, I ought not to forget Mr. John Lindrick^ another young Gentleman of Mr. D 's recommending, for the generous Account of my Behaviour which he fent his Fatker from the Orkneys, at a Time when he little thought I fhould be reprefented in fo dif- ferent Colours ; His Letter it feems was printed in ^ome of the Irijh News-Papers ; and I am told was reprinted in feveral of our own about November laft. {^end. XXVIII. and XXIX.j Altho* Mr, D had contriv'd that his Scheme Ihould not take Air before moft of my People were gone away into other Service j yet I have been convinced, greatly to my Satisfaction, of the Dif- pofition .<, ( '4 ) pofition of thofe that are left of them, in and neaf London^ to do me Juftice : For without any Appli- cation of mine, hearing of the Defigns on Foot a- gainft me, they have enquired me out one after another, and offered tp make Affidavit of what they happened to be Witneffes to in the Voyage, and which they do dill well remember. It was from fome of thefe I firft learned that certain Queries had been fent, by your Lordlhips Dire6bion, to be anfwer'd by fome of my Officers •, which I find by the Tranfcript your Lordffiips were pleafed to or- der me, have been anfwered accordingly. This is the Account which I have mentioned be- fore to your Lord (hips j and I humbly hope your Fol-givenefs, if it fhall be thought fomewhat more prolix than may be confident with your Attention to Affairs of much greater Importance. . '■ ' \ •I I i I I I'l' L< I OBJECTIONS of Mr. ^— Z)— to the . Condudt of Capt. Chrijiopher Middleton, in a late Voyage for a Difcovery of a North-weft ■ PafTage : Together with Capt. Chrijiopher Middle fon*s Defence of his Condudt, in An- fwer to the Objections of Mr. A— D — . Mr. D- I'T appears that he found a JtriSl 'Tide at the Head*' Land^ N. E. of Brook Cobham, and that the Tide fometimes rofe there 22 Feet^ and that many Whales were feen there clofe in upon Shore ^ but none feen but in that Place and in Wager River by him^ and in the fame Bay by Fox, and between Cape Ful- lerton and Whalebone Point by Scroggs. i^^ What (15) Capt. Middle/on, Journals, What Mr. D means by a ftrift 7«^ c. Ma- Tide, I cannot cuefs. Being outward rtersAnfwers „ i • t * i^o «^' xt^ « ^^ ,^ to Qu. 10. Bound in Lat. 6y 20 No. 9 or 10 and 14. Leagues to the Eaftward of Brook Cob^ haniy I met with a Tide off the Head- land, which run but two Miles an Hour, from the N. E. b. E. one Day before the Full- Moon : This is no more than what we find all along that Coail; as alfo between Cburcbill and Tork Fort, near the Full and Change : And alfo, when it blows hard with a Wind northerly, we frequently experience the Tide to rife as high as 20 or 22 Feet. Twenty Years Obfervations along thefc Coafts, have con- firm*d me in this, and all who have been duly ac« 3uainted with them know it well. Our Journals not mention any Whales, Seals, or Sea-Horfes, to have been feen nearer Brook Cobharuy >*^^^^s, than off the Head-land, which is 10 "^' * ^' Leagues from it, nor did we fee any near that Coaft befides there. Mr. D— But no black Whales feen at any other time in any O' ther Part of the Bay^ or in Hudfon'j Straits^ by airf Ships who have been in the Bay, either upon frade^ or upon making Difcovery, Capt. Middleton. I have almoft every Voyage feen Whales 50 or 60 Leagues up in Hudfon's Straits, and have frequent- ly traded for frelh Bone in all Parts of the Straits and Bays, particularly about the Upper Salvages, Sa- lt/bury, and Nottingham in the Straits ; the Sleepers, Baker*s Dozens, and as far down as Belcher''s I/lands, in Lat. 56° in the Bay, the Company allowing us Z5pfr cent, neat Profit upon all fuch Trade. That this I ! ( '6) this can be no other than the Bone of Whales a6tually taken in thefe Parts, is evident beyond Difpute, to a)l who know, that in lo or 12 Days after a Whale is dead, the Bone drops off of itfelf from his Mouth *, for it is impofTible the dead Fifh fhould drive 180 Leagues in that Time, fince no Ship, even under her main Courfe, or at Hull, has ever been known by the greateft Storm to drive above two Miles, or two Miles and an Half an Hour : But it is well known, that a very fmall Part only of a dead Whale's Body emerges above the Surface of the Water ; well then may it be ad- mitted, thaar it would require at lealV 3 Months, in the moft favourable Circumftances, for fuch Fifh to drive from Wager River or Brook Cobham^ to any of the beforemention'd Parts, or to Rupert River, where a dead Whale was found about 3 Years fince, with the Bone all in its Mouth ; a fure Proof that it had lately liv'd thereabouts. It is not reafonable to conclude, that there are no Whales in HudforC^ Bay, becaufc we have never feen any. It ihould be confidered, that in our Track we always keep at a great Diftance from the Shore, at a time of the Year when the Whales keep in the Bays and great Inlets. This is the Reafon why all thofe Indi- ans that drink Train-Oil, and feed on Blubber, choofe to inhabit the Eaft Main, as I have been af- fured by one of them who lived with me three Years. M! i\ Mr. D- l^hat Wager River is a Strait and no frejh River^ is evident from its Increafe and Depths from the En- trance on the EaJi-JidCy to the South-weftward and North'Weftwardy andalfo the Heighth of the Landsj and there being no Shrubs nor Timber on any of the hands ^ tho* always found in the fame ^ or more norther- ly Latitudes^ upon frefh Water Rivers, 2 Capt. ( '7) s, for fuch Fifh no frejh River^ 7, from the En- h-weftward and of the LandSy r on an^ of the or more norther' Cape. Middleton, Journal of That H^ager River was no Strait, but ?" ? ,??.!^' a frefh Water River, I collated from the following Particulars, j/, From the Floods coming in at its Mouth from the Eaftward. idly. From its flowing 1 8 Feet at the Entrance, but 13 ac Deer Sound, and at the higheil the Boac went, no more than 5 or 6 Feet. %dly^ From the Water's being almoft frefli in the Mid- Channel above Deer Sound, fo that the Men chofe to drink it alongtide the Boat, when myfelf was prcfent. ^thly. From the Water-falls being fo flrong, as to force the Boat to come to a Grapnel, being unable to proceed higher up. Stay there, and the Affi* davits of y««u/»/, Fon Sobriek and Grant. Ap- pend. %• Mr. D- fthe Eafi Entrance (?/ Wager River was only 7 Miles \wide, and from 14 to 4^ Fathomsin the A£d-Cbannel^ they failed in, with a rapid 'Tide, which run from [6 to 9 Miles in an Hour, but farther up IVefiwardy jen from 20 Leagues to 30 Northwefi, it increafed to 8 and 10 Leajfues wide; andfo as to have no Ground nth a Line of 68 Fathoms, Capt. Mddleton. It is a fallacious Way of arguing ff^ager River to be a Strait from its Increafe and Depth of Water. In feveral Parts of the Norway and SwediJ^ Coafts, there are large Rivers which the Natives ca\\ Fewrs, tot above 10 or 12 Fathom at the Entrance, and ^et they difcover no Ground within, with many hundred Fathoms of Line. It is indeed not difficulr, [ho* it would be too tedious, to account for all fuch Livers enlarging their Capacities, both in Breadth md Depth. The Land I faw here was as high to the full, as D any if i m ft. ( i8 ) any I met with about the River Pf^ager : As for the want of Trees and Shrubs, thofe who have travelled from Churchill N. W. as far as the Jr^ic Circle, by Land, as Norton and many others, all agree, that after they had paft 'he Lat. of 6i** they never faw the leaft Tree or Shrub, tho* they went 2 or 300 Miles within Land, amongd Lakes and Rivers of frelh Waters. Mr. D ' y^i 20 Leagues from the Entrance^ it was full of black Whales, Seals , and Sea-Horfesy when there were no IVhalesfeen below, or without the River, Capt. Middleton. I faw myfelf only two fmall Whales, neither of them of the Whalebone kind, in Wager River, thefe were at Deer Sound, where the Lieutenant and Mafter faw others of the black kind, Mafter'sAnf. i^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ above it ; thefe, ^. 4- jj^gy ^gj.g Qf Opinion, came by fome Inlet on the Eaft-fide the River. Mr. D fays, that the River, at 20 Leagues from the Entrance, was full of black Whales, Seals, and Sea-horfes. None ever faw Whales above Deer Sound, which yet is but 15 Leagues higher than the Entrance. But how comes it about that none of thefe were feen yet higher up, nearer his pretended Paflage in- to the Weltern Ocean, where it was clear of Ice, if they came in that Way ; whereas my- Logg Book, felf and others faw three at our coming oiToiuus Von Whales came not in from the Eaft- Sobriek and ward, why (liould there be fuch Abun- Gratit. Ap- dance of Elkimaux about Savoge Sound, XXlil and t)ut eight Leagues within the River's XXIV. Mouih, with Store-houies of Blubber and Fin, and none to be feen elfe- ^ where ( '9 ) where on the Coafts of this River ? Whereas, did they come in higher from the Weftward, the Inland whereof thcfe Indians chiefly inhabit, we ftiould cer- tainly have found them and their Srore-houfes that way, and not down the River 60 Miles from their Homes. As for Mr. D 's Seals and Sea-horfes in the River fVager^ I take them to be all his own ; I never faw any there myfelf, nor have 1 heard that any of my People ever did. Mr. D- ■ All broken Land at the Northweft End, with a great Colle^ion of Waters full of IJlands, the Lands on the Sides as high as the Lands at the Cape of Good- Hope, and a large Opening on the Southweji Side, Capt. Middleton. The Lieutenant and Mafter fay indeed in their Report, that they faw, far to the Northward, a large I Collection of Waters, with mountainous Land on [the Sides; and on the Weft-fide bluff Points, and broken Land : But then they take Notice alio of a jgreat Run or Fall of Water on this Side the faid ^CoUedtion of Waters, which doubtlefs muft have rendered any Progrcfs upwards impracticable ; and [affords a ftrong Argument againft any Communi- :ation between IVager River and the Weftern yf- tnerican Ocean. If it be worth while to form any )robable Conjectures about fuch large Collections )f Waters, I wou'd fay, 'tis likely they are no other than a kind of Lakes of melted Snows from, the [ountains 5 for feveral fuch we faw every where )etween the Hills, in the Valleys, when we were ilhore on Mountains about Cape Frigid, and above ~)eer Sound -, as alfo on the S. W. Side of the River ''ager, where I was myfelf the Day before we left that River i y ' D Mr. D- ^^i Vi m t i!l I \ w sr i!ii ■; I' ( 20 ) Afr. D — which was never attempted nor lool^d into^ tho* Mr. D- Capt. Middleton. — is pleafed to fay, that this Side was never fo much as look'd into at all. The Truth is, we had made feveral unfuccefsful Attempts to land there, but never could for Ice, before that Day. Afr. D-— . — nor none of the Bays nor broken Lands betwixt "Whale Cove and Cape Dobbs, the South Cape of Wager River, were fearched into at all, ■ » Logg Book 'Jug. lO, II, 12, 13, 14. Matter's Anf. toQu. 12. Af- fidavit of ^onuns. Von Sobriekt and Grant. Ap- pend. XXII. XXIII. and XXIV. Capt. Middleton. At our Return from Cape Frigid to Brook Cobbam, we fearched exadly all the Weft-ftiore, as near as the Iflands and Rocks permitted us with Safety ; and faw all the Main-land and Bottom of the Bays, as is explained at large in our Logg Book, (hewing the Courfe and Diftance failed every Hour, in hauling off or on, to deepen and Ihoalden the Water, which the Jour- nal exprefles lefs particularly •, efpecially from JVhak' bone Point to Brook Cobham homewards : The reft of the Way Northward we had traverfed outward bound. We had very little hazy Weather, except in the Night, and then we lay by till Day-light, and hauled in as near the Shore as we durft. It was not poffible to mifs any Inlets where there could be any .Hopes of a Paffage. Off Cape FuUerton, wc met with Rocks and broken Ground iJ^'^BoLkT'^ 5 Leagues diftant, which obliged us ^3 io^°i I. to haul further off to deepen our Wa- ter, and lay too for moderate clear - * ♦ Weather, Weather, between the two Shores. But when it cleared up, we Hood in N. and N. b» W. into 40 odd Fathoms ; if we came within that Depth, we ftlj into broken Ground, fudden Shoaldings, Rip- lings, and Overfalls. But between Lat. 64* and 63''*, we had better Soundings, and could come nearer the Land, tho* at Night we were obliged to ke p a League or two further out, and drive, as per Logg Book, and ftand in Shore in the Day : We never, but once, were above 4 or 5 Leagues oiF Shore, and that was towards Morning, in Expe- Aance of Day-light ; in moll other Places not above 2 or 3 Leagues from the Land, and in 9 Fathoms Water off the Head-land in Lat. 6^'^ 20'. All the Norch-fide of the Welcome is high Land, and as far as Brook Cobham^ appears very near at 4 or 5 Leagues Diftance. Fox*$ Account of this Coaft, and its Tides, may be met with in a Book printed ac London in 1635, entitled Norlh-weft FoXy or Fox Xfrom the Norib-wefi Pajfage, :,»'•'■ Mr, D ' I— //&(?* the chief Places pointed at by Fox and Scroggs Ifor a Parage ; they having mentioned them to be all bro- hken Lands and I/lands^ where maw^ Whales were feen^ where were high Tides from A-to g Fathomsy^ Capt. Middleton. Scroggs^s Account is in the PoffeflSon of the Hud^ \fon\ Bay Company. I have carefully perufed both that and Fox's many Years fincc. They are ib pro- I foundly unintelligible, that one may venture to fay, no uninfpired Perfon can make any Thing of them. Mr. D bft no Stop made there by Capt. Middleton^ nor his Boats ever once fent onShore^ to try the TideSy or fearcb after Inlets or Straits ^ tho* he had very fine Weather ^ I ; ! ':|ji': ip' III 1;": ! ■• 1 1 i in ■1'!; I ! iM ill' ,l!i| MH is 1 1 i I, lii i" I 4. V ( « ) Weather all the Voyage ; 3- °" board, or in a Boat near the Ship in the Channel, and much better than within Head-lands or near Iflands, which, by forming Eddies, produce a Confudon and Irregula- rity in them, to which Caufe is undoubtedly owing the grofs Inconfiftencies which abound in Fox, Mr. D < 's favourite Oracle. My Inftrudions ordered nie ^ at a Ccuneil, they great Part of it I not been at any ^ands than 5 or 6 v^d. '■ . ^ --t'^ Boat on Shore to a one to be eafily ateft Part of our fick, but had al- their Limbs ; fo n'd the Boat, the would have been ; work'd the Ship, of what I fay will it is known how IS obliged to leave of them fince we , are folliciting for 1, I fear, be for and tothemfelves. !n at the Orkneys, jmiflioners of the have brought the len and 4 Officers 5 come on Deck. were fo far from \ them frequently, lour, as alfo the could do as well Joat near the Ship and much better flands, which, by fion and Irregula- ndoubtedly owing ound in Fox, Mr. ftru(^ians ordered me (23) le to Obfervc the Height, Couffe, and Di region )f the Tides ; but to obferve them almoft every [our in all Places, as I did here, would not only lave been quite incompatible with our ever return- bng home again, tho' I had tried but 20 Leagues of ^oaft, in ijch high Latitudes, wliere what is called Jummer is fo quickly over ; but it would alfo have #been altogether unneceflary. For wherever I judged ^jt proper to examine, I never fail'd to do ir, as at "Churchill f^hale Cove in hut, 62"* 20', ff^ager RiveVy md the Frozen Straits ; and having the exad Cuurfe ind Height of the Tides from my own Experience, It thefe Places, as alfo in all Parts of Hudfon\ Bay, |I could not miftake the Floods for the Ebb^ after- jwards, by oblerving the Slacks, as Mr. D , |an utter Stranger to luch Matters, has attempted to infinuate. . , ^ ,,»,, Mr, D the Ships having quit. the Difcovery in the Begin' i/if ^ Auguft,— — -I * « '. . v -. •«!• \ . »r fi. ■ ( ? L V ' Capt. Middleton, The Difcovery was not quitted before Journals, ^^it 15th of Auguft, when we left Brook "^' ^' Cohbam: This Month is confcffedly the tteft of all the Year, and the only one too, for laking and perfecting Difcoveries in thefe Parts ; he Seas being then tolerably clear of Ice in fome for in others, there is no paffing at all to ears |he Northward of Lat. 64'. If I had Itaid longer Ihan I did, how could I have expedted to pafs Hud- w»'s Straits, who well remember the Fate of one of )ur homeward bound Ships, which was lock'd up In Ice near Mansfield Ifland in the Middle of Sep' )mhery where flie lay confin'd three Weeks, and Sad her whole Crew almoit frozen to Death. We jfually pafs the Straits homewards the latter End of Jugui, % imrTfi Mtmmmmmm i m m I i Hi- nil ii . ; !:ii mi I i! P ii I ii ;.i I'' < it (24) j4vgi^iOr the Beginning of September at fartheft^, and even then our Sails and Rigging are frcoen to fuch a degree, that if a Topfail be handed, we are two or three Days before we can get any Part of it fet j but what Frefh*water-gentieman could ever imagine this in an eafy Chair ! t^ **«j >v'*» Since Mr. D " ' ■ is here again reiterating his Complaints of my Negledt of the Coaft between f^ifale Cove and Cape Dobbs^ I muft obferve, chat tho* I did examine it carefully all along, as I have Already fel forth, yet was I no ways direded by my Inftruftions to do fo.- ^Lct me add, that fouthi- ward of Latitude €5 ^'j a Paffage has been fought carefully and to no purpofc for thefe three hundred Years and inore. For Button^ Fox^ and many others fince, have kept along Shore by Sea as far as 65^, and others ftill higher within Land ; which is fuf- iicient to put this Point quite out of Dilpuce. : — PFhen almoft all the Ice was diJIohjed in Wager River ^ and none to obftru£i them to the fouthward of that River, that Month being the beft Month in the Tear to perfeSt the Difcovery. ^The only pretended Reafons given by Capt. Middleton why he took Wager Strait for a River, were thefe y That the 'Tide flow' d into the Strait from the N. E, that it was full of ke as far as the Ships went up, andfomewbat higher, and therefore he took the Ice to be breaking up, as he went trn and that at a Point, near which they apprehended there was a Current or frefh Stream two Leagues from tbem, they apprehended the Heater was brachfh, '» Thefirft was no Reafon j for if it was a Strait, the S^tde of Flood mtiji follow them weftward, until they met the contrary Tide, and as probably they had noi got half Way through, the Flood muji nec^arily follow them from the eaftward/ 'nvi j^pjit^immi ■bm^i:^ .- . - >f -'^':-:-^ v.- -.., V, $ The ^ ;-,i ,**< ts ■ V' \ t ^ '. I W at farthefl-, and are frozen to fiich ided, we are two ,ny Part of it fet ; oiild ever imagine lia reiterating his lie Coaft between uift obferve, that along, as i have ys direded by my e add, th^t louth- has been fought efe three hundred ', and many others Sea as far as 65^, nd ; which is fuf- oi Diipute. ( 25) ?•-■■ %♦. I -vl Sffohed in Wager to the fouthward oj heft Month in the The only pretended why he took Wager hat the fideflowH tit was full of ke lewhat higher J and king up, as he went h they apprehended I two Leagues from vas brackijh, t was a Strait, the ?ftward, until they biy they had noi got \ necejjarilj follow ' >;!f!^. •f* *!the fecond Reafon why the tee was hut breaking up )hen they entered the River muft be alfo falfe ; for tone can imagine, that PFhales in great Numbers fhould ^e up the River under the Ice not broke up^ and none U all below where it was broke up ; it appears alfo %hat there was much lefs Ice above than below. Nor ■4an the third be a Reafon, becaufe the Water near a Stream they apprehended to be a frefh Current JJjould Me brackift>, tho* that is controverted ; fince there were wreat Openings into the River bejides that Stream that %hey never tried, and no doubt the dijfolving of the Snow from the Lands, as well as Ice, might lejfen the Salt* * fiefs of the Water at that Seafon in narrow Inlets, Iv i. ,- J t. Capt. MiddletoH, <\ ^ulf 15. %pen. VIII. i Mr. jD— having brought me back to Wager Ri- >er, 1 muft attend him there again. None of oui* fournals fay, that the Ice was but juft breaking up in the main Riven At the time the Lieutenant went up to Deer-Sound, it was not indeed broke up in the Inlets and Bays, as his Report teftiBes, but did break whilft he was there ; yet af- iredly it had been cleared away at the upper Part »f the River Ibme Time. If the River icfelf had kot been broken up, we could not have got our ^hips into it : But it is well known, that in all rozen Countries, the upper Ice of the Rivers is |iown up and firft of all gives way, from the Frelhes produced by melted Snow, which alfo hurries the :e downwards in Concurrence with the Stream, [nd out of the River*s Mouth into the Bay or icean. And now I am fpeaking of melted Snow, I cf»n- lot avoid remarking the Weaknefs of this Gcntle- ■j ' ■ ' E ■ man's (26) man's Comedbure, that thefe Diffolutions fliould Co far take off the natural faline Quality of this ima- ginary Sea-water, in fo wide and deep a Bafbn, as to render it but barely brackifh ; when it may be made appear, by an eafy Computation, that llich Addition can never amount to a thoufandth Part of the total Content of the Water, and therefore muft be altogether incapable of producing any fen- fible Alteration in its Tafte. , , ^:.', ^r:[ Mr, D— — — . — Another Reafon he alfo alledged why U was a River was J that the Height of the Tide diminijhed the farther weftward he wenty as from i^ Feety ra^hert the Ships lay^ to lo Feet for it proves juft thi ^arboroughV Jcmn^ . Fathoms, within th he Middle^ where th \ or 9 Feet, j» Wager Ktwr, <2» 'here^ and coming, in \ ledges there was a gren Urait north eafiwardt Strait by Cape Com ^ues long, from 4r to] ifaft froze from Stdel mufi have papd, ^ great Bay, above Oi I , alfo the whole y^i'^ • Brook Cobham, 'i^hs '■ it, andraifed thegrn i' Capt. Middieton, '*-' • ' I do believe that my Conclufion, drawn from the eflening of the Rife of the Tide in afcending f^a* er River, will appear juft to all who have been uch experienced in fuch Affairs ; yet I own, that the Inftance of the Tides in the Strait of Magellan, which Mr. D-— brings from Sir John Narborough, llidmitting that they were duly obferv'd, is an Ex- eption to this general Rule, and has been often re- ark'd as the only known one of the kind. How- ver, no one who has pafTed that Strair, takes the aft Notice of any.Brackiftinefs or Frefhnefs of the ater ; tho* they all remark the Abundance of rees on its Coafts. In a word, the feveral Phaeno- ena and Properties of the River Wager do uni- erfally agree with thofe of all other Rivers where e Tide flows, in the known World. v )(U 4W\ JW ^ \ ♦<« \\ M-.D- In Anfuoer fo this it appears, that no Whales were \en near that Strait nor Bay above Cape Hope, nor zvhere near Wager River, at the eaji End, nor in Welcome, until near Brook Cobham, and confe- mttjf the Prefumption isftrong, that the Whales never u in that Way, There are alfo firong Reafons to that no ?V H T^* Cspt. Middleton. tp'i^ii/v-iii ,•*. . He might as well have faid, 'Tis \ike]y Hudfon*s Straits is an imaginary onb,- as that, 'tis probable there is no fuch Place as the /r/^/ii' Straits. When ► : f I was on Shore at Caps Frigid, I fent Log- Journal, the Carpenter and Gunner to the Top ^"•^' ^' of the highcft Mountain there, from whence they could overlook and take a diftindt View of all the Straits to the fouthward, and the Land, Iflands, and Bays all round. At their Re- turn, I ftridly examined them as to the Particulars they faw •, whether they were pofitively fure that the low Beach joined to the Land we ftood upon ? They afilired me it did ; that we were Maker's An- on no Ifland cut off from the Beach ; fwer to Qu. ^^d that the Frozen Straits, of which "• Hi.it- they delivered me a Plan next Morn- ing on board, was at lead twelve Leagues wide from the ea:t to the weft Side ; and not lefs than four or five Leagues over at the Mouth or narroweft Part. J gouid indeed fee every thing very well from my own c thereabouts, is rts arc not with- in feen in Num- I have already nc were feen near r inftancing three '.'}' « *y JWv ky that there is no pagination i or caU ofe. For from tbt Rivery where be n the time of Tide in Savage Sound, rtbMoon, making • ris WMy Hudfon*s hat, 'tis probable /Vi' Straits. When 2ps Frigid, I fent runner to the Top ntain there, from d take a diftin6l uthwardj and the id. At their Re- 5 to the Particulars ofuively fure that d we flood upon ? lid; that we were ' from the Beach ; Straits, of which Plan next Morn- Leagues wide from t kfs than four or or narroweft Part, rery well from my own ( 29) )wn Station, except to the fouthward towards Cape Comfort, and the high Land that way ; fo that I /as fatisfied the Frozen Strait did not furround the .and we were lipon : Befides had it •en fo, we could not have had a Tide ^J^^«['» ^"r iftrongas four Miles an Hour, which ,*^^' ^ ^' [had like to have hailed the Ship into .ti ivct* [it. When I went on Shore we flood in within two [Leagues of it, and were oblig'd, tho* the Wind )lewa frefh Gale off the Mouth or Entrance of the Jtrait, to ftand from it, thereby to prevent our bc^ ing hailed in among the Ice on the Ebb, and fet off from it on the Flood. I left the Ship between nine ind ten in the Morning, and got afhore by eleveii, ^hen I found the Water had fallen five or fix Feet )y the Shore, and noted it in my Memorandum )ok. At my Return to the Boat at half an hour paft in the Afternoon, thofe who kept the Boat acquain- ted me, that-it had flowed four Feet, and I pre- '■jntly meafured what Height it had to flow to the larks of the laft Tide, by a Pole fet up at the Wa- ter's Side, and found that a Level continued from ^he faid Marks to the Pole made twelve Feet, which idded to the four Feet the Men had obferved, made all fixteen Feet for the whole Rife of the Tide ; though by fomc Marks of Sea-weeds, (^c, on the "Jhore, it appeared to have flowed, upon extraor- linary Circumftances, eight or ten Feet more. From *ie ebbing Water when I landed,- I concluded the Time of High-water that Evening would be ibout 8 and 9 o'Clockj it being almoft four Days ifterthc full Moon, and confequently a W. or W. ).S. Moon made High^watcr, and not a N.W.b.N. loon, as Mr. )fe, would have it. s, the better to fuit his pur- •ij.j,')t j|i. «?(;,- wi iiMii tl:y> .Jv I i ■ »'/■■ -U i tlz^wofiiin ic J:ijoM ■'■fno-^ Ibw yi:)V' n/; ,1^ '{\'y^i ;o rjjxiij, ] Mr, ■ .-l I I , -7' ir , „,... r'^iLifffjja li ! 1 1 h •I: . iiy■■ ■ the Juftice to confefs, that when he afk'd noe at my Lodgings, the only time he was pleafed to call fmce my Re- turn, how it flowed there on Sunday the eighth of jiugufi; having not my Memorandum Book at hand, I anfwered him. That, to the beft of my Memory, it was High-water juft at Sun-iet, aboutfeyena- Clock: whereas I &ould have fald a iittle after -eight, the Sun fetting at that time j and if, as he relates, I faid Low-(water, that was an inadvertent Blunder, &r Mfhich I afk his Pardon, r^^He aljb found at Brook Cobham, that a Wefl or W.h.N. Moon mode High-water there, and thertfort that Tide could not flow frof^X^j^ Jirigid, as he d- ledges from his Journal • -^^'xfta. q^'yt .r-^^^x n ..'1 TC, /rfqo. '*''.'! 4. (3> ) Fl* 'i .r vr :. Capt. Mddleton, ' But to return to the Tides : Thofc after*s An- ^),0 ;jygfg on board perceived «o Tide, « to Qu. ^jj,^^^ ^jT ^jjjj ^^. yj^jj between the low Beach and Cape Frigid^ whilft thejr ere driving and working to wait for the .Boat ; hereas if the Land of that Cape had been an Ifland t off from the low Beach, the ftrong Tide would ve conne round ir. But I lying open off the y formed by the low Beach and Cape Frigid^ fe- deral Hours after my returning on board, found Appearance of any Tidt that Way. ^* \ Afcer all, were I to grant him his Tide at Cape rigidf how much could that avail htm ? It is not (fible to account for all the Anomalies and Pecu^ rities of Tides, without an accurate Knowledge of almod infinite Caufes and Circumftances to which they may be owing ; as I wrote to him in November laft. Though it flows E.S.E. at Refoluiienj and SJb,E» at Cape Diggs, making five Points in nning 130 Leagues, yet it amounts but to a (ingle int in going down to Albany and Mqofe River ; r there itfiowsS. and the Diftance is250 Leagues, gain, from Number to Cromer^ on the Uncolnjhire aft, is but 14 Leagues } yet at the former it flows .b.S. and at the latter N.W, Likewife at the tkneys it flows S.S.E. and the very fame at Orford- 5. I could bring hundreds of other Inftances m my owh Experience} fo that where Tides w into deep Bays, and arc obftru6led by Iflands, counter Tides, no Rules can be fix*d. The late learned Dr. Halley^ in his excellent II- (Iration of Sir IJaacJSIewtonh Theory of the Tides, as fee this Matter in a very juft Light. And be- ufe he was not only extremely well verfed in the hilofophy of the Ocean, but alfo a mod expert ■ 2 Seaman, fctter of No-, tmb. 1742. ppendXWl. K i ' Ji " '•^;",'-" '"" V"'" J .11" *i I II". iM »iii! ^B5S -""^ : — ^_.^ ,1 I IM I ^1 IIM IMUJ I . II ■■ llBJ Iii if:' ^UlM '^ ' ( 7: lirii;:; .! iji: r III ■ 1 1 • I'' J I „ii f!!ii !!l ill 1 (32) ' Seaman, I ihall not fcruple to tranfcribe his Words. Speaking of the Phaenomena of the Tides, ac- I cording to the pure Laws of Gravity, he fays, j — ." All thefe things would regularly come to pafs, ^j " if the whole Earth were covered with Sea very i " deep : But by reafon of the Shoalnefs of fome « •* Places, and the Narrownefs of the Straits thro* * •* which the Tides are in many Cafes propagated, « *5 there arifes a great Diverfity in the Effed:, not to ^ ^' be accounted for without an exa6t Knowledge of *^ *' the Circum (lances of the Places ; as of the Pofi- ^ *' tion of the Land, and the Breadth and Depth ^j *• of the Channels, by which the Tide flows : For^ f* a vtty flow and imperceptible Motion of thc*'^ *' whole Body of the Water, where it is, for ex. ^J *' ample, two Miles deep, will fuffice to raife its " Surface ten or twelve Feet in a Tide's time;J *' whereas if the fame Quantity of Water were to^ *' be convey'd upon a Channel of forty Fathomf >' deep, it would require a very great Stream ti *« effed: it in fo large Inlets as are the Channels ojj *' England, or the German Ocean,, ^c,'[ Phthfirf phical Tranfa£iions, N*'. 226. ^ai - x. ^l < i I .•' \ -it Mr. D- // appears alfo that on the fixth «/ July, as he wm^ Jlanding off and on a Head Land in about 6^^ 20'. q five in the Morning, he lowered the Boat to try ti Current, and found it fet N,N.E. two Knots ti Fathoms, it being then full Moon, and a W. or ff^.bM Moon making High-water there and at Brook CobhaiHj and it being then a W.b.S. Moon^ it was then flawing Water, and the Current fetting Jlowly N.N.E. Flood muji have come from the SW, and not froi the N.E.b.E, as he afterwards pretends, and conjt | quently a 'Tide might have come from the fouth'wefj ward from foms Jfilet,-—^ j i- to tranfcribe. his ( 33 ) .^iU:;>'r». Capt. Mddleton, ^or want of Experience in the Nature of Tides their Courfe, and a ftrong Defire of bringing Flood out of fome Suppofitious Inlet, on the Jftern Coaft, he criticizes my Obfervation of 7«/); [endeavouring to invert the true Courfe. Here ifual, he keeps up ftridlly to Rule and Theory. .thofe who have been much in Pradlice will in- him, that upon all Coafts where the Tides f, they are frequently found to vary their Courfe ill Hour, and fometimes an Hour and half, juft ley happen to be accelerated or retarded by con- ing or adverfe Winds ; I do not mean blowing (he Coaft where the Obfervation is made, but remote Diftance : Thefe, I fay, do produce )us Irregularities in their Height and Length )wing, in one and the fame Place, and under rcry fame lunar Circumftances. I have known, [nftance, that in the River Thames it has out- Its Courfe two Hours, and ebb'd and flow*d two iree times in one Tide, and all from Winds, ift obferve, that Mr. D in this Remark p lefs than twice mifcopied my Log-Book, fet- down two Knots two Fathoms, for two Fa- ^sonly, and five inftead of fix o'Clock, ^^ -'' if0 Mr. D-' /T .> f. it being the fame Place where he afterwards the Whales, It appears alfo, that he fent the tenant and Majier in the Boat^ when he was in ler River ^ to look out for a Cove or Place of Safe- the Ships y in cafe they could not get out in one left they f^ould be carried up again by the Rapi- hfthe Tide J upon the Return of the Flood, it run*., ^ Jt the Rate of 6 to ^ Mies in an Hour^"-"-^ ^^\ ' "^l Capt. Middleton, -^ -^ ^^-^^'^M^ clofes hfs Remark with another Touch upon ' the V I yi ^■. fll. 'I I ■iiji '^f i|i 5l r il' is'i !'' lit -! I I. II ll: ! ( 34 ) the Whales, his conftant Pilots j I prefume 1 hav; faid enough upon this Point already, Pag. 14. M*. D- ,/J '!; i the Boat was carried out along with the Ice^ i the great Current of the Ebb^ directly by the Souti wefi Shore^ S. E. towards Cape Dobbs, and at il Turn of the Tide at low Water ^ they got out of tl Stream into the Eddy Tide, on the N. Shore^ andj fame up again with the Flood, Capt. Middkton. • vi ..* He hath mifreprefented the Affair of the Boat being carried out of Wager River by the Currents M ft ' A f ^^^ ^^^' ^^^ ^^ carried S, E. b. $ toa«^6Lieu. as the Tide fets, along the Sout tenant's Rep. Shore, 4 or 5 Leagues, andnomort jTu/y 27. App. and then ihe came into the Eddy, a VIII. Journal cafioned by the Ebb from the W. [ -^"^-^ *' • S. round Cape Dobbs. I tried tl Current of the Ebb a Day before the Full Mooc and found it to run 5 Knots and no more. M D Ipeaks of 9 Knots. I know of no fuch Cuf rent in the World. London Bridge fcarce runs i much. : r ^ . Mr, D It appears alfo upon the Ships j(oing out of the Rim that to prevent their being forced back again by the h, turn of the, Tid^ of Flood^t they made their Qourfe l far as they CQuld totvards the North-eafi, to be out ( th( Curre0 qf th^ Tidtt of Flood, which muji be t ^Evidence that the Tide of Flood came from the Souti wefiward, round Cape Dobbs to the River Wager for had it came from the North-eaft, by the fuppoji frozen Straits they mufl, by fianding that Couyfe, ^ directly in the Way of the Tide of Flood to carry tk hack again into the kiver^-"^ m. Cap: 1 '1 5 I prefume 1 havi eady, Pag. 14. along with the Ice, iire5lly by the Souti e Dobbs, and at il "» ^^0' S°^ ^^' ^//^ the N, Shore, andj ton. * - Affair of the Boat er by the Currents fas carried S, E. b. S :s, along the Soui ^agues, andnonion e into the Eddy, (x^ Ebb from the W. Doifbs. I tried tltl fore the Full Moot! and no more. Ml now of no luch (JX^ ridge fcarcQ runs i -ki ler's Anf. 7- (35) Capt. Middle ton. ^ On the 4th of /iuguft, at 6 o'CIock in the Even- (g, we came down the River fFager as f;ir as the /er Iflands. The Water had then ebbed one )ot, as all our Journals and Logg Books mention. eight it was calm, and being then juft out of River's Mouth, we made all the Way we could, the Boats towing the Ship, which was alfo rowed with Oars, whilft we had the Ebb Tide helping us, which fet it Eaftward between the two Lands which form Entrance of the River. By 1 2 we were got ;agues out of the River, as alfo, out of the In- lught of the River's Tide, the Calm continuing t{c laft 4 Hours, and the Flood Tide juft coming ^m the Eaftward at i, did not run above 2 Knots 1 the Indraught of the Tide of Rivers has very ile Effedt, at the Diftance of 3 or 4 Leagues. From 1 2 to 2 we had a fmall Breeze Journal, ^^ 3^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ,^^1^5 . ^^^ ** „, from 2 to 4 E. 3 Miles : At 6 I: was :- almoftcalm. Mr. D- and to have avoided that, they ought to have their Courfe towards Cape Dobbs, that the Tide ^Flood might have carried them to the Southward, Captain, Clerk, Carpenter, and Gunner, went on fre at Cape Frigid to view the Land and fitppofed :en Strait ; the Carpenter and Gunner went to a f/ a Mile and half further than the Captain and ^k, and upon their Return, as t^e Clerk affirms^ ffaid the Hill they were upon was an JJland, but low beachy Land to fouthward of them was joined the Eafiern vnd Northern Land, which joined the \Ji Land, and formed the Bay above Cape Hope, ' that there was no frozen Strait to South-ea/lward \themj as the Captain has laid down in bis journal, F 2 and i i I I: I ■ i l|''^'!li'^ i!!: ;! li > !: hi I II' i (36) and confequently no Tide could flow through it from til N. W. of Hudfon'j Strait ly Cape Comfort. Capt. Middleton, Now tliis Gentleman is of Opinion we ought to have gone towards Cape Dobbs^ quite back again ; How then could we have avoided being forced a- Ihore among all the Ice that lay off the Cape, or again into the River ? When we could lay only W. S. W. and S. W. on the other Tack, the Wind being South and S. S. E. and the Flood coming llrong from the E. and E. b. N. This furely had been a fine Way of meeting the Flood, and keeping to my Inftrudions. ; What I have faid before (Page 28.) I believ; may be fully fufficient to evince the Reality of tht Frozen Strait ; yet I will add, that if, according tt Mr. D » there be no fuch Strait, whence fliouli the itrong Tide of 4 Miles an Hour, which we mc with there, come, and which the Lieutenant ob ferved to force the Ships very rapidly to theNorili ' eaftward, in lying to about 10 o'CIock in th Morning, as the Clerk affirms ? whc Anf. to Qu. 2. adds, that it muft be a Flood Tide tho' we afterwards found by tiis Shore that it was an Ebb, and that it had flowe near 8 in the Morning, as I have mentioned be fore. This is the EfFed: of Ignorance, or fome thing worfe. Mr. D is for denying a Paffage to the Tide; by flopping up the Straits with Iflands, which 1 fomewhat like ftopping up the Thames with Lonk Bridge 5 for tho' our Journals mention the narrow eft Part to be but 4 or 5 Leagues wide, yet thati; by no means to be under ftood of the Diftance fron Main to Main, but between Iflands and Iflandi which lye off from the Shores. The Main- lands, which include this Strait, are very high, and there-, ■ . . ^ fort *" • brough it from til • Comfort, inion we ought to ^uite back again; sd being forced a- off the Cape, or jve could lay onl| r Tack, the Wind the Flood coming This furely had Flood, and keeping 'age 28.) I believi z the Reality of tht hat if, according tt trait, whence ftiouli lour, which we me: the Lieutenant cb apidly to the North 10 o*CIock in tk Clerk affirms ? wh .. be a Flood Tide Irds found by tb that it had flowci iave mentioned be Ignorance, or fome *afilige to the Tides;; [h Iflands, which r \Thames with Londa lention the narrow les wide, yet that;; )f the Diftance froii Iflands and Iflandi The Main- land?, :ry high, and there for! (37) Fore may be 3 or 4 Leagues more afunder than by )ur Guefs •, for determining the Diflance of Lands Xt Sea is no other than gueffing ; however, I am fure the Infterfticcs between the Iflands, where nar- roweft, are 4 or 5 Leagues, and may be more. Mr. D There being no Tide or Current in the Bay le- ond Cape Hope, is a further Reafon that the Tide id not flow in that Way, for that Bay would have ^een direSlly in the Way of the Tide •, hut if the Tide Flood came from the South-wejl, it was a very good eafon why there was no Tide or Current there, it aving no further to flow that Way. Nor can it he efunCd that fo rapid a Tide, and fo great a ^antity iff Water fhouldflow through fo narrow a Strait, which fome Places was not 4 Leagues wide, and almojijil- d with the Iflands, fo that the Water, conjidering the nds within it, was not 2 Leagues wide, fo as to 'I the Bay above Cape Hope, Wager River, which as 8 or 10 Leagues wide, and all the Welcome — Capt. Middleton. That there is no Tide or Current in Repulfe Bay, no Reafon why the Tide did not flow in at the rozen Strait. The Tide did point direftly to the y •, but it is a well known Property of the Tides, at in Bays, where the Current of the Tide has no utlet, it will fwell by the Shore, but retain at the me Time fuch a Stagnation, as gives the fame efiftence to the Current, as the Shores themfelves tive •, and for this Reafon no Tides are everdifcern- in Bays. Even in the River Thames, the Water- len and all Craft are known to keep on from Point Point, as the Tide fets, to keep in the Stream W" it. Now this Gentleman would have it, that Yager River, where the Strait is but 7 Miles wide, lids fairer for filling the Welcome, and all thcfe Jays, than the Frozen Strait, of as many Leagues, /hich is much nearer the Eafl:ern Ocean. Mr, ■m (38) !l < Ik f r ,i; 'i^l'' !r, I; ; ! !'l 'I •ii ,i(H n .^. Mr. D — as far as the Point near Brook Cobham, where the Captain owns there was a rapid Ttde, and alledges the Jouthern Tide met the other there^ altho* it appears that the Eaftern Tide was Iqfi in the Bay^ and could not raife a high lide there, it being alfo agreed, that c North-wefterly Wind at Churchill, raifes a higher Tide at Neap, than an eafterly Wind does at Spring Tides, all thefe confirm that a wefterly Tide mufi occa- fion Jo great Tides in that Tart of the Ba y Ciipt. Middleton. - Near Brook Cobham, I own, the Tide ran two Knots and no more at a Full Moon *, and I have found it run the fame or more Knots between Churchill and Tork Fort ; and upon trying the Tide about 8 in the Morning between Wager River and Cape Hope, we found the Ebb 4 Or 5 na^^l/^"*"' Miles an Hour, in fuch Eddies and a. «?• 5- Whirlings, that the Ships could hard- ly ftcer. The Ebb let E. b. S. by Compafs : The | firft Trial, in bringing up the Boat, the Mafter j loft one of our fmall Graplings^ the Strength of the Ebb breaking a new twelve Thread Rope. He came on board again and got another, and upon the I fecond Trial found it 4 Knots. We made no lefs than twenty Trials in going forwards and backwards between Wager River and Cape Frigid, but found it no where half lb ftrong as in the Narrow of the New Strait, excepr at Cape Frigid and the Mouth of Wager River. I obferved the lalt Time I was | at Churchill, ^2iV\d had it confirmed by Mackbeath*% QHicers who had been there and at pend!xXL Fort r^ry^ above 15 Years, that a North, and a North-eaft Wind, made a higher Neap Tide, than a South, or South-weft "Wind did a Spring Tide, which is a Confirmation i that :he Tide ran two 3on i and I have •e Knots between m trying the Tide fVager River and , d the Ebb 4 or 5 , fuch Eddies and Ships could hard- y Compafs : The Boat, the Mafter he Strength ot the | iread Rope. He her, and upon the VVe made no lefs rds and back wards Frigid, but found ;he Narrow of the f^and the Mouth e lall Time I was] id it confirmed by teen there and at ,5 Years, that a j-eaft Wind, made fth, or South-weft is a Confirmation that (39) that the Tide comes through the Frozen Strait from Baffin^s Bay, ^c, Mr. D— * ' ■ andfinceno Whales were ever feen in arty other Fart of the Bay, or in HudfonV Sreights, but near the Eafi-entrance, as they pafs up to DavisV Siraits^ and that all true black Whales go in the Winter to warm Latitudes; all the fe Wings conftdered, is almofi \a Demonftration that thefe Whales come from the \Weftern Ocean, and that the rapid Tides near the Wel- jcome, proceed from the fame. The Captain, to evade \ the Force of this Argument about the Whales^ fays^ [that tho* he never faw any Whales in the Strait or ]ay, he has however, got Whale-fin lately taken from the [Indians, on the Eaft Main, and therefore Whales \fnuji have been there. To this I an/wer, that fince the Efkimaux Indians kill Whales on the North-wefi \Side of the Bay, where the Company trade with them for Fin and Oil, the Prefumption is, that fome who \have been wounded by them, have got away, and died, \and by the North-wefterly Winds hd.ve been driven to the Eafi Main ; and there the Fin was got by the Na* I'rt'^. . ^ ,. . .. ...... Capt. Middleton, ' ' Here again he is drawing Conclufions from the I Whales, which he will needs have to come out of the Weftern Ocean, as well as the Tides 5 tho% as Ito the latter, all Journals contradidt him. He ia- fifts alfo, that all the Bone which is traded from the Natives near the Eaft Main, muft be of Fifhes which died of Wounds they received near the Weft Main, and are driven this Way by North- weft Winds. But I have obferved before (Page i6.), that the Fin drops out of their Mouths in 10 or 12 pays after they are dead, and that it would take up jiTiore than a Year to drive them fo great a Diftance j to 1 li'i.^ii I ^i'! NjMiiij i^ ( 40 ) to which may be added, that HuJ/on^a Cay is not clear of Ice two Months in twelve. At fFbale Cove it flows W. N. W. at Brook Coif ham W. or W. b. N. at River ^Fager W. The Flood Tide comes the Coiirfe of the JVelcome from the Eaftward in all thefe Places, which may be proved from our Journals. If there were any Paflage between Churchill and IVbalebone Point, near Lat. 6^^^ it would have been long enough ago found out, by one or another of all thofe who have been that Way ; fome of them fcveral Years together ; as Sir Thomas Button and pox \ Governor Kelfe)\ three or four Voyages, the laft in my Memory ; Napper^ Handcock^ Go- vernor Knight^ Vaughan^ and Scroggs ; who went to trade and make Difcoveries in all tne Bays, Coves, and Creeks along Shore, feveral of whom harboured every Night ; and Governor Kelfey exchanged two of his own Indians for two Efquimaux^ kept them at Fort Tork a whole Year, learned them fome Englijhy and then returned them to their Friends. After- ward?, as he went along that Coaft, he faw and fpoke with them feveral Times, but could get no Intelligence from them which afforded him the, lead Probability of a Paflage. Of all this I fur- niflied Mr. D with the mofl: exa(5l and parti- 1 cular Account I was able to give him feveral Years ago : But no Matters of Fa6t have Power to con- vince him •, and his Scheme refts entirely upon. Prefumptions, which all Obfervations and Experi- ence diredtly contradift. I have perufed all thc^ Company's Journals about this Difcovery, as well as^ all others I was able to procure, whether in Print or, Manufcript, from the Year 161 5 down to the pre- fent Time. My Inclination has led me that Way] thefe many Years, as much or more than his, oral- moft any Man's livirig, as all my Acquaintance, and! himfelf too, know very well. I wintered at ChurchiL . , . I .^ fort m 'udfon^s^^y is not It. N. W. at Brook r IVager W. The the IVelcom from 5, which may be veen Churchill and *, it would have by one or another I Way ; fonis of Sir Thomas Button eor four Voyages, fr, Handcockj Go- ofgj • who went to II tne Bays, Coves, )f whom harboured Ifey exchanged two nauxy kept them at them fome Englifiy ir Friends. After- ::oa(l, he faw and but could get no afibrded him the Of all this I fur- )ft exad and parti- e him feveral Years lave Power to con- refts entirely upon rations and Experi- ive perufed atl the )ifcovery, aswellasjj whether in Print or, 5 down to the pre-^ ; led me that Way a Tiore than his, or al-^ y Acquaintance, andj wintered at Churchii] fori (4») [this purpofe in 1721, and made all pofllble En- ry then, as well as the laft Year, among all the tans and Englijb who had travelled Inland to the thward ; and I am thoroughly fatisfied that any ther Search muft be fruitlcfs, cither by Sea or Nor does it appear, that Mr. D him- fo much as dream*d of any fuch thing before I went out } elfe why was he not careful to have iferted among my Inftrudtions i whereas inftead if I was ftridly ordered to begin at IVhale-' Pointy and fcarch to the northward, ftill meet- he Tide of Flood, whether it fhould come from eaftward or weftward. * if Mr. D- [f a further Confirmation of a Str4U or Pqjfage the Welcom, the northern Indians who came to rchill, as well as thofe who were on hard ScroggSj hofe lately on board Capt. Middleton, faid, there a large Copper-mine upon a Strait northward of Country which went weftward, that they could a Sloop to lay her Side to it, and take it on and traced the Coafi upon a Deer-Jkin to be the Welcome j and the Indians with Scroggi " to go on Shore near Q^^t Fullerton, faying they near it, and within three or four Days Journey of own Country y but be could not part with tbem^ Capt. Middleton, [11 the Indians I have ever convers'd with, who [at the Copper-mine, agree in this j That they two Summers going thither, pointing towards lorth-weft and Sun fetting, when at Churchill ; Jjhat where this Mine is, the Sun, at a certain of the Year, keeps running round the Ho- leveral times togetner, without letting. Now tnow from the Principles of Cofmography, that [cannot be true of any Place, whofe Latitude is ,4 Wl If ^ " 4 ■ / '!•'! ii Hi f ' J i I I' i ' (, i ir i< ■; i ■ ' • I' !i ■■ l! i'i!' ! I li i 1 (42) Icfs than 6; or 6g Degrees, even allowing for th Eflfeds of Refradtion: And if the Credibility o the Teftimony of thefe fimple Indians be called i queftion, I can mention that of Mr. Norton^ \k was Governor at Churchill above twenty Years, ar had travelled almoft a Year north-weftward by Lar, with this Country Indians, This Gentleman h often affirmed the fame thing of the Sun ; and t!i in his whole Journey he met with no Salt Rive nor Tree, nor Shrub, but only Mofs ; and that ! and his Retinue were reduced to fuch Extremity to eat Mofs feveral Days ; having nothing elfe tl; could ferve them for Suftenance but their Leatl Breeches, which they eat up alfo. Now it will 2,1. , pear, from a juft trigonometrical Computation, tl jj Churchill being in Latitude 59^, and the Mine W' Latitude 67^, and the Bearing N.W. the DifFerer f| of Longitude between Churchill and the Mine " ly*' 45'. But Wager River's Entrance beingt Latitude 6^,^ 20', and 10 Degrees of Longitude d of Churchill^ the Difference of Longitude betws the Mouth of the River and the Mine is 27^^ ^, and their Diftance in the Arch of a great Circle, their neareft Diftance, no lefs than 700 Miles. Fr .. ^ what I have here made out concerning this M ^ and the Way to it, upon the Report of the /»iffl and of Governor Nortony it follows, even to 1; monftration, ift. That neither Wager River, nor any o!| River or Sea does extend fo far weftward, ffom| Part of Hudfon'S'Bay in lefs than Latitude S^^M to crofs the Rout that lies bet ween/^^^ River :?J the Mine. And, - I 'i> 2dly, That if there be any Paflage at all, iti run up fo high northward, as to crofs the Paralltj 67^ on the eaft Side the Mine, and confeque mul> be frozen up, and abfolutsly unnavigablej whole Year, ••- , : r ? v^ "^ -?• • r- (43) Jut, after all, a Paffage is Mr. D 's Philofo- rr*s Stone, and mud be fought for till found, lyou mifs at Brook Cobham and PFager River the [t Bout, then try Nelfon and Churchill Rivers, his Letter of November 19. Append. XIII.) 'ith all my heart, fay I, for my own fake ! pro- led Mr. D himfelf accompanies the Ex- licion, to fee that there be no Neglect or Con- lent : And in his Voyage it may not be amifs tim to confider the following Particulars. iudferi's Strait is fourteen Leagues wide at the rrance ; forty Leagues up it is thirty Leagues and the neareft Diftance between Cape WaU \am and Nottingham Ifle is twelve Leagues j the >le Length being about 130 Leagues. Many frs we cannot pafs the Strait outward-bound be- the latter End of Auguft^ and then with incre- |e Fatigue, and perpetual Danger of lofing Lives Ships. Two out of three were loft within thefe |cn Years. After paffing the Strait, there is [the Bay to crofs, in which I was detained no than fix Weeks in Ice, the laft Voyage I under- for the Company. I never was able to arrive ^e Fadjtory above five or fix times before the 20th Hguft^ in three and twenty Voyages I have made er ; And it is a ftanding Order not to attempt >me back the fame Year, unlefs we can fail from poi ts by the tenth of September, Till a little re twenty Years ago, a Voyage was feldom made lout Wintering. f -.^ |ov/ fuppofing there were another Strait 'on the :rn Coaft of Hudjon*^ Straits, or between La- i 61^ and 63^, and that this Strait were about i"ng and as wide as that. ^ ^ \ the firft place, there could be no entering it re the latter End ofjuguji for Ice, whether ^ 1 England or your Wintering- place in the Bay : ■ though we got at Churchill River by the firft G 2 Day ■— !■ »■ '!!• !.:i;.l M m- (44) Day of July laft- Year, yet the like has not been known thefe twenty Years, by a Fortnight at leaft. But notwithftanding fo' favourable a "Winder, and early a Spring, had we not work*d Night and Daj Ticies, from the Beginning of J^ril to the Middll of Jufte with infinite Labour in cutting our ou Ships, which were beddfcd twenty-three Feet in ih ^ Ice and hard frozen Snow, as may be ieen in tb 3 Journals, we (hould not have got out fo foon by Month. After ail, this was of no Service in fot warding us i for being got into Bay, we found 2 ^ the Shores lined with Ice for many Leagues, fo thi «{ no Opening could be entered % and the great K ' vers and Straits, beyond 61 Degrees, are full of until the Middle or latter End of Attguft^ and maf • Years not clear at all. I have been faft myfelf Hudfon's Straits for fome Days in September^ till , \ north-weft Wind happened to fet me and the la . \ going together. Of all the Sloops in my time whi ; i the Company have fent almou every Year along t Coaft towards the fP'elcomej either upon Trade v^ Difcovery, none but Scrogg*s coukl ever get beyoi b\ Latitude 64^ for Ice ; and fince the Year 17 1 8 th f have loft two Sloops and a Ship that Way. Ma v^n of them could not get beyond 62* 20'. Now Us this well weigh'd, what Chance have Ships for p '^i:\ fing fuch a Strait as we have fuppofed ? But grant there was no Ice to prevent a S\i^ paiTing about the latter End of Atgufli yet at Seafor the Winter begins to fet in here, with Gales and fuch Quantities of drifting Snow, tb) is out of all human Power to handle aSaiJ^ or h'^ •the 'Deck, i-'* im;.iru- ,j -rvsm v.; , Hi: ^' ybt'^lAttHhiMty when be was on Shore near D(^'^t ^' -Sbund in Wager Rivera fei oh Opening Jy hijCf ^ pu/s S.fy.ofbim^ m the w0 Side rf a Strait hm (45) high Bluf Points and a hwer Point, nis h)a las Qppifite to the Place when the moft JVbales were f^9, and was never enquired into or proceeded ftpon hy \e Captain^ although acquainted with it^ ncr the O- \ing among the Ifiands to the north-weflwardy he* the Place the Lieutenant went to^ although the Jeutenant and Mafter^ under their Hands^ reported believed there was another Wa^ into the Sea^ than Way the Ships entered^ by which the Whales came and found little or no Ice to o^lruii their going rther, there being much kfs Ice to :he wefiwardt \an was at the Mouth of the River, . .. . ■ im. ^\^^^'\ . Capt. Middleton. . - -/^ \v [I have the Lieatenant's Paper about this [BlufF Mnt dill in my Pofleliion, and a very odd one I [ink it is, at kaft {at beyond my Comprehenfion % fwever I beg leave to fubmit it to the Opinion of my Lords Comminioners, as it is a XXX. Sample of his other Reports. 'Tis hard to conceive how on the Bearings mentions, any Ob^ed could be feen, except on eaft Shores being that whereon he flood ; for River lies nearly north and fouth by Compafi; D --fays it was oppofite to the Place ere nu>ft of the Whades were feen ; which ihould fomewhere again(t Deer Sound i but I could di* guilh nothing thereabouts, which in the leaft "wered the Defeription. -^n^ nKi? «i^: »/ ^ ^>n, Tj'ViSiji. The Lieutenant and Mafter in the J«A '• Report delivered me,ngned with their n'* ■ -. own Hands, fay. That they believe there is another Way into the Sea, ides that which our Ships came in, at fome where the eaft Side i and that ihey imagine the Whales ^jtif^jti^ came through this PaiTage. Indeed a7.^«.lX.r they were fent up on purpofe tofearcH .". .. lor fuch a Pal!age» and to meet the Flood I •■■- ' 1 )1 n il :ir'! ,>■ \ h U' irM ;i' ■ ' il' li) • I 1 H \, i\ itv!| i N -H iiflli I , ;■ (46) Flood, for fear we (hould not have the Riveras Mouth clear of Ice before the Winter fee in upon Us, and fo all perifh there. For' after I had, for the Reafons before recited, given up all Hopes of a Paffage through this River, I muft confefs I would have parted with all I had in the World to have been out of it again. v.-V -^v^-y Mr. D- iHfe Cap fain, hefore he went the Voyage, was offered hy fame of the DireSfors of the Company 5000 J. to re- turn to their Service, and not go the Voyage \ or to go fearch for the Paffage in Davis'j Straits, or in an) other Place b^t whete he wasdireSied : To which he anfwered. He might take their Money and be of no Service to them ; for the Gentleman who had projected the Voyage, had it fo much at heart, that if he did not go, he would get fomehody elfe to go ; hut hefore he had done with it, he hoped to go in a Coach and Six : To which one of them anfwer*d. He hop*d to fee him at the Devil firji. • , , ^ Ca^t, Middleton. " " '' " ' I deny, my Lords, that any of the Directors, cither by themfelves or others, offer'd me five thoufund Pounds, or even one Shilling, to re- curn to their Service, and not go the Voyage 5 or to go fearch for the Paflkge in Davis's Straits, or in any other Place but where I was directed : And granting fuch an Offer was made, Mr. D — acquits me oif any Crime by the Anfwef, he fays, I made Cor rather, that he in this place is fo kind to make for me) viz. " That I might take their Money and be r** of no Service to them ; for the Gentleman who projefted the Voyage, had it fo much at Heart, th^t if I did not go, he would get fomebody elfe to go." What follows, about my Hopes to ride in a Coach and Six, and fomebody*s wifhing me at the Devil, is fuch idle Trumpery, that I cannot in< 4 . ducc- «c .«( have the Riveras ^^ /inter fet in upon r after I had, for up all Hopes of a ift confefs I would he World to have • Voyage, was offered ipany 5000 1. to re- be Voyage \ or to go r StraitSy or in an) eSled : ^0 which he \foftey and he of no il(2m Rewards or Bribes were offer* d to him, Jo prevent his ferfeUing the Difcovery^ and^ every Omjfflon or NegleSi laid bit» open t9 hfuJpeHed. |, Opt. MiddUton. ^ Mr. D concludes this Paragraph with atf j ferting, that ^' *Tis plain Rewards or Bribes werem ** offered him, to prevent his perfe6ting the Dif-|| ** covery.*' What then? Dois he not make itjt alfo as p}ain that I refufed Bribes, if any were of-pi fered ? But how comes it to be To plain that they^ij were offered ? Neither the Lieutenant, Surgeon^] nor Clerk charge me with any Bribes \ and will^ your Lordibips think a bare Aflertion, from oncjj^ that appears now to be my Enemy, a fufficient||| Proof? I hope not. '^i The Truth is, Mr. D 's large Profeffiond of Sincerity and Friendfhip, once induc'd me toi^ place great ConBdence in him, and unbofom myfeil freely to him •, and 'tis poflible, I might tell him fcif vera! Members of the Company were defirous ton have me continue in their Service ; and that as lie had faithfully difcharged the Truft they had repofeii in me for twenty Years together, they expreflfe( fuchDiilatisfadion of my quitting their£mpIoymenr| that I ihould not doubt of obtaining of themver advantageous Terms, in cafe I fhould be inclined td treat with them about returning to their Service, "ii Mr. He alfo in the hearijig of his Officers at Churchii told the Governor and Officers of the Company tberi that he would be a better Friend to the Company th they expelled \ for be would be able to make the Vaya^ with ?v } vv hout any Man on hoards fmg'the Wifefy whether Capt. Middkiom loTemefnber, that being once with the Gover- md fome Officers of the Company, they* jeer- -^i faid, we wer'e to be regarded as a kind of E-^-'j fies; and that I anfwered. Perhaps they might ne a better Friend than they, linagined, or to irpofe 51' meaning thereby, nor only the Power ~ iftrudrions gave nicto proted: their Trade, andvi:;-f they under ftood vueU enough ; but fome«» " ;elfe alfo, which they could not To eafilycom*. '^ id. 'To explain myfelf to your Lordfhips, nn Igents of a certain Gentleman h^d, without my (ledge or Confent, fhipped on board the Dif* as many Goods, to be difpofed of to the /«- r; as wonM have gained them many hundreds ^ inds. ■ 1 s I difcovered at the Orkneys, and pfolved, . ' ' /as in Duty bound, not to fufFcr dy on. board to trade'-with the lealt part of h. Words I am charged with in the latter Part !> Accufation were ipokei^ to my own People v; rd, as a Reproach to their Ignorance and Stu* and their Averiion to be inftnifted ; and, folenanly declare, it, not in the hearing of that belonged to the Company^ to the ut- )f my Rememb^rance. Beftdes the lituttt ^nd ' the two Matters, there was not a Perr6n in Shi^ fkilled enough in Sea- Affairs, to have ;h as guefs'd in what Part of the World he nthout being told. \t no^^v are two ExprelTions of mine, utter'd ireM Times, -in diferent Places, to diiierenc andvto quite different Purpofes, niioftjn* iflycoiipltd together by the finglePartiqle/ar,' wrongikt up> iniQ4)0Je jSBrribfe.Chargc ag^«it. .iv\\ A m A. ii I ; !,, 'W': 1 \ m ''i'i m ^ f ^ 1 t;:,' ^ 1 1^ !^ ih f ill :' i ■ : i . \ A'-, ' . u ' > : ';J;i :,'i liii' i, ' ^Ij-ii'! 1 I'i ; 1 , ^vm ' ! - -: :•! r ■' i 1 ■,- ■.• ■■!■ '■ ' !■ f ; /':'■' \M\ i'll'Hi ■■ ! . !:: Ill 1,:!:' :,■ 1!. ; HI ' • 1 .1 iH ^ ■! i 1 M M ! ; !(■ , , ,: i 4 \ iii'i'i , i ' jj! i ' ' i! ' ' ^ n !'l 1 i j ■ ^! il •:m li' Ih ill! i i il 'l 111! ! ^ 1,1 r ( 50 y I humbly fubmit it to your Lordfliips Candooi whether, if I had really thought fit to have give3 the Governor fuch kind of Affurances, as this Gcf tleman pretends, it is likely I fliould have been ij fatuated to fuch a degree as to do it in fo publickj Manner, and before fuch Witnefles ? Mr.D- — and in confequence of this Declaration k '^ care^ that nothing Jhould be mentioned in the Log-k hut what be faw and direSied\ and /aid. He ww break up all their Bcxes who kept Journals^ and k ibeir Books and Papers from them ■ Anfwer to Quef. 20. Capt. Middleion, As there was no ftich Dcclaratic^ there 'could be no Conlequence. Tp Lieutenant difowns any fuch Orders| mine about Entries, and I am afrj the Log-book will be thought rather to aboi than to be defective in Particulars. The Charge! taking away Journals, Papers, ^c. is abfolut| falfe. See Lieutenant's and Matter's Anfwer'* Qu. 20. and the Affidavits. Afr. D- He alfo, when be was in Wager River^ difcour. named and difcouraged any who faid it was a Sd and not a River, and that there was a Likelihooi^ there being a Paffage that PFay ■ Capt. Middleton. I never difcountenanced, buip, on the contri encouraged every one to fpeak and report accordi to his Judgment with Freedom ; unlefs giving 1; Reafons againtt a Paffage as I have laid down bef( pag. 2. are to be look'd upon as difcouragingj i| further I refer to the Lieutenant's Anfwer to Qf J f (50 I to the feveral Affidavits of Towns^ (App.XXII.) Sobriek, (App. XXIII.) Grant, ( App. XXIV.) per, (App. XXV.) A/r. D- and during the whole Voyage kept all on hoard \as much in the Dark as he could. If then the Cap: }Ujad not an Inclination to fupprefs the Bifcovery^or fft to conceal itfofar, as to make it anfwer his Pur-- ]with the Com^ xny, in order to procure a Reward them for concealing it \ they fearing upon a Dif- ' of the Pajfage's being made, that their Right to . lonopoly they atprefent enjoy might be enquired in- fnd their 'Trade laid open ; how came he to difcou- \aw^ on board from making any Enquiry about the jery?—' Capt. Middleton. has ever been my Endeavours (and was (6 this ige efpecially) to inftru6t Inch as I have found rant, and to improve fuch as had already made Proficiency, whether in the Navigating Part, Ig Obfervations of all kinds, or computing them when made. For the Truth of this, I il to all the Judges of fuch Matters who have m me for above thefe twenty Years together ; 'I have the Satisfaction to find it acknowledged )ur Lordlhips by the Matter, in his Anfwer to ry 5, and 20 ; I further refer to the feveral lavits of Towns, (App. XXII.) Von Sobriek, XXIII.; Grant, (App. XXIV.) and Cooper^ ). XXV.) and as for what he furmifes in relation \t Company, I (hall give a full Anfwer to that fnd by. Mr. D . and when they apprehended from the Number ^hales at the weft End of Wager River, H 2 Capt* lammm !!''i :; li I k.V (52) Capt. Middkton. . A meer Fiflion. Before, he fays, at twenir Leagues from the Entrance it was full of Whales| To wlich I anfwered. That none were feen abov^* Veer Sjound^ which is but fifteen Leagues within tli River. Now he has brought them quite up to tt weft End, thirty or forty Leagues, though we nt ver faw one there, nor does any Report or Jouru make the leaft Mention of any fuch thing. Mr.D ■ from the Depth of the Water ^ Breadth of 1 Strait^ Hetghth of the Coafi^ and Rapidity of ; ♦■ Streamy that there was a ProfpeSi of a Faffage, ; Capt. Middkton, % Anfwered and confuted in Page 16 and 17. Mr D — How came he to fay that they were double tori. Rafcahi^-^ 'i^ m Capt. Middkton. I deny that I ever ufed any fuch Expreffion, i ihould be glad to know whence he had his Inti gence. Mr. D- — — — and that he would cane the Lieutenant ^ hn(^ Jitck the Mafter, and lafh all other s^ for taking them to dijpute it, Capt. Middkton. The Lieutenant in his Aniwers to Queries 5^ 20, difavows his Knowledge of any fuch Threa; ings ; fo does the Mafter, and difbelieves them fo in his Anfwer to Query 5 ; and the Men (4 the fame in all their Affidavits. The very Mi ss; ton. , he fays, at twent| was full of Whay none were feen abovi :n Leagues within ih them quite up to tl igues, though we r; ny Report or Jourr. r fuch thing. Pf^ater, Breadth of i , and Rapidity of . "peSi of a Faffage, Ikton, \ Page 16 and 17. they were double tonp, diet on, y fuch Expreffion, a ence he had his Intt the Lieutenant, hn oihersy for taking idleton, ifwersto Queries 5* re of any fuch Threa: and difbelieves them 5 ; and the Men f^r davits. The very ( 53 ) )rs of this Forgery have thought proper to grant, their Anfwers to Query 5, that nobody heard / Thing of Threatening but themfelves, and I lire to leave it to the Opinion of your Lordlhips, far they deferve to be credited. ^i Mr, D And when he, upon Account of their Clamour under a Necejftty of fending up the Lieutenant and er in a fix oar'd Boat, to make further Ohferva- of the Tides, and to know whether the WhaUs \e into the River any other Way,' . , Capt. Middleton, am not confcious that I a6led in any refpcft, fo give Occafion to Clamour, nor was I fenfible ly. My whole Intention in fending the Boat this laft Time, was to try if there could be id any Outlet into the Welcome, befides that |rcby we entered Many Years Experience of [fad and fudden Effeds of Cold in this Country, laded me that this could be no unreafonable towards preferving his Majefty's Ships and :fts committed to my Care, in cafe Winter |d fet in before we could be able to repais the ^th of the River, at that Time much clogged Ice ; and that this was my principal Motive, I humbly prefume, appear unqucftionable to Lordfliips, both from my Order of July 27th ^he Lieutenant and Matter {App, IX.) and from Report oiAuguft i. at their Return {App, X.) Mr.D ■- :---r...h-:A 'Why did he limit them to go no further up than \imfelf had been before, and to come back with the Drfpatch tha* the l^ature of the Service would ^f ! n « Capt. ■■■ ■ ' I'aa'vijWISii ~ ^11' 1,111 h : i r , i , )' til 1 f S r 'ii. t ^ 1 1 I M i)» ■ ' ' ' f i f ' |1 ■A j' . :' 1 ! :: ' ' u 1 11 M \ '1 ! ' 'I'ii': ■!■ ',: i n 1 B It' ' 1 " ! \ I ''I , : ' ■ P ^ ; J'l^; '■:M f ' u 1 ■ 1 ■ ill! >'l! ' t ! ■):; li' '1 ' "'P': : i « * ' i . i M^^^^ 1 !i 'f r li iii;! r ' Ml: ! M ^Ili] 1' 1 ,.|. MM Mi • mi " ■ i' ' 'If ' ' M 1 i^' 1 . ( ! 1 •■..Ml '1 ' 1 t ^ ' ' lit!' !; !' ; 11 : ip : ! ; i !, ■: '' • j 1 , '1 ' ' M J i T' ! ; 1 '' 1 ; , ] i Jiiil" u ( 54 ) Capt. Middkton, '^ They were not fo limited as he alledges. It was a Blunder of my Clerk's to write, as far as Beet Sound in the Order \ and I not only told him fo at the going off of the Boat j but likewife verbally gave the Lieutenant leave, as himfelf and the Matter both acknowledge in their Aniwer to Query 3. to proceed up as far as he could conveniently, with< out retarding the Ships from failing out of the Ri. | ver, becaufe I intended to fail in a few Days : For I own, that for the Reaibns mentioned juft' now, I was much more intent on getting out of the Ri- ver, than on further profecuting the Difcovery of a Paffige within it 5 even tho* I had entertained the ftrongeft Prefumption that there might be one; whereas I had very cogent Inducements to thinl there was none ; and befides, to have fought ore againfl; an Ebb, would have been going contrary tc my Inftrudtions. Mr, D- M » And when they exceeded his Orders by about i. Leagues^ and then report ed^ that from thence they J&'i a large Colle£iion of IVaters North of them^ with man IJlands and high bluff Points, with broken Lands c> the Weft Side, as well as on the Eaft, and that tk faw a great many black Whales, and did believe thet'. was another Way into the Sea, befides that the o^j ■ came in at, why did he only, from a Bottle of Want being bracktjh (which is alfo difputed) which was tak^ up near an Inlet where they apprehended there wm^ frefh Stream, fail direSlly out of the River, and qui the Difcovery on ihe ^th of Auguft, the only Monli in which the Difcovery could be beft attempted^ *.,''., t--:; ■ iss) "• y ^' ■ ' ' ' Capt. Middleton. Here he would infinuate again, that Whales were in 15 Leagues above Deer Sound, whereas the Icport fets forth, that it was at Deer Sound on |cir Return, and no where elfe that they faw them that River. The Paflage into the Sea, if any, fame Report fays they did believe was fome- kre on the Eaft Side the River, and not Norrh- Erd or Weftward, as he feems here to pretend : no where appears that a Bottle of Water was Len up near a frelh Inlet ; the Mafter, in his An- |er to Query i, fays, that the Water was pofitive- |fre{her and frelher as they went higher, and the idavits of Towns (App, XXII.), Von Sobriek \ XXIII.), and Grant (App. XXIV.), all fet fth exprefly, that from 4 Leagues above Deer ind, to the utmoft Heighth the Boat went, the fater, even in the Mid-channel of the River, was barely brackifh, and that the Men all drank of [alongfide, inftead of Beer. The reft is anfwcred :ady in Pages 18 and 28. . • Mr. D " < '■ .■."'.....-,; and leave thefe Openings^ which were then \from Ice, which led towards the South-weft, fVeft^ North-weft undiftovered ? -. Capt. Middleton. [if thefe Openings were left undifcovered, how le he to apprehend there were any fuch ? But to infift on his Hiiferniciftns, or other Impro- ities of Language, the Lieutenant fays in his Iport of July 25, that he faw feveral Openings or Jves on the South Side of the River, but that he lid not get near them for Ice. I have faid before, |ge 2 1 . that we had made feveral Attempts to \d on the South-weft Side, but never could fuc- • ceed V ^ ■f,r m ;■ I w lii ,1,; I!:' il Ml; li H •li'.i:! li i H i I l! ••\ ! I ill; ^ (56) ' ceed for Ice, till the Day before we left the River, when I landed there myfclf. I will add here, tha; when I was myfelf up with the Boat 4 League; above Deer Sound, I alfo attempted to land on thij Side, but could get no further than.lialf Way over .<•" Mr, D ^ ■ and pretend to look for the Paffage Nortb-eaL^ wardy and afterwards Soutb-eaflwaras^ by bis imaf ^ nary frozen Strait, «, . ■ , . ' Capt. Middle ton. ^ . ^ My Inftru6lions ordered me always to direft raS Courfe lb as to meet the Tide f Council held Jug.S. Ap. XI. Flood. I did fo here till I coutr do it. no farther, finding my felf iib^ clofed in Ice, and embayed by Land. I han^ proved the Reality of the Frozen Strait in Pages 2. Mr.V ' "• 1 How came he afterwards, wben it was refok in Council to try the Weji-Jide of the Welcome fn Cape Dobbs to Brook Cobhr,in, where he had a^ji lioith a rapid Tide going Northward, and where Fcfy^ Norton, and Scroggs had faid there were hroh^ Lands and Inlets, wfpere great Numbers of IVhales li^w been feen, and Norton had ajfured him that from^i^^ Mountain he fazv an open Sea leading to the Sod, ward of the Weji from Whalebone Point : I fay, k^ came he in good Weather, and with eafterly fVin\ to keep ^ or 6 Leagues to the Eafiward of tk Head-lands, and to pafsfrom Cape Dobbs to CapeB^ lerton m the Night, and afterwards flightly to m along the Bay to Southward of Cape Fallerton, -ujt out any Slop but by lying by in the Night, altho^ \ faw many IVhales as he pajfed along, never once trji^^ the Helghth or Dire^ion of the Tide^ or fending inl Boats to look for any Inlet, » {5f) the Paffage North-eaL aftwardsy by bis imqi^^^ Ueton, .. ne always to dircft rafej to meet the Tide (J^^^ d fo here till I coul^|j. cr, finding my felt ift i by Land. I haHj ?z^» Strait in Pages 2^^^ , •/ r.;:%. ; './ fl J, Wi&fw // te;e Tide^ or fending in ' ' Capt. Middleton. lat we pafs'd from Cape Dobbs to Cape Fuller' the Afternoon before Sunfet, will appear from our Journals, and more particularly from 9. our Logg Books. To his Repetitions of Fox% Norton's, and Scroggs's Authorities^ Id anfwcr, by alking if he thinks we have not ted their 4 and 5 Fathom Tides by our three Obfervations upon the Tides in IFager Ri- And if he cares not to credit me in this Mat- let him confult his Friend the Lieutenant*s il. ScroggSi for his Part, aflerted at his Re- ^hat thtre was no going much further than 7alebone Point, which was his ne ultra, for a Rocks ; tho* we went 60 Leagues beyond it j Fathom Ebb, we found near the fame Place, no more than 16 or 18 Feet. What Nor^ if I rightly remember, his Carpenter, :d about feeing from a high Land within ^one Point, an open Sea that ftretched away ^ard of the Weft, was, in all Probability, the KwGxJf^ager, or elfe fome fuch large frefh I^kes, as myfelf, the Lieutenant, and thofe ire with us, faw from the Mountains every |about Deer Sounds and likewife on the South ^of Wager River, the Day I was there, and Cape Frigid, and in Ihort, wher'tver we land- thefe northern Parts. That it could be no trctching far Weftward, has been already appear from the Account given of the fame I's and the Indian's Land Voyage, Page 41. [eft has been anfwered, Page 21, and I further to our Journals, to the Matter's Anfwe: to 13. and to the feveral Affidavits oi 'Towns XXII.), Von Sobriek (App, XXIII.), and (App, XXIV.) m k til 1 !l] I Mr.'D' J. ' i "■ ' U . ' ." P" " ' . - I U ► \'< . i II iMii i I iii (58) M-.D- — ' ' ■■■" 1 — mtwiihjiandinfr the Prefumption that the Whi \ (ame only from the iVeJlwardi--^-^ ^ i - , .,^ ■ I Capt. Mfddleton, 1 . i — Anfwered and contradidted before in Pag. 1 ^. and difbelieved by the Lieutenant ai Append. X. Mailer in their Report of Augtfft i. Mr. D . ] From the Accounts o/Fox, Norton, WScrog 3 cf its king a broken Land with Inlets, — Capt. Middleton, — The Invalidity of their Authorities were ihci >| jpft now,—— g Mr. D ^ > , ' and the Indians wy&tf had informed them^ \. there wa^ a fine Copper Mine on an Arm. of the, thereabouts^ where they could hring a FeJJel to laji ] Side to the Place. . • v, ,- t Capt. Middle ton, , ;,, .,\ •— Anfwered Page 41, 42, ..,,„,; Mr.D- --'^ How could he neglefl this without fome Difii after a Confultation held and agreed to for to p^ thatCoqfl', the Tides there^ by Scroggs, and m Accounts^ being very rapid, and high 1idgsrifmgj\ 4 to 5 Fathoms by their AccQuntSy and yet thefe Ck and thefe Tides never attempted to be known by ^ and thus that whole Coafi^ where the chief eft Prefm en was of a PdJIage, from all former Accounts, an as the prefent^ was never fearched, but only /4 along en paffant, with this only Remark in the )\ mption that the Whi ( 59) " that hefam the Land from Cape Hope to Brook )bham, and knew it to be a Main-land,** tho* by his rnal he fafs* d great Fart in the Night, and was teareji 5 or 6 Leagues from the Head-land to the Vjjard } and at the fame time owns, there were deep and many IJlands in thofe Bays, Capt. Mddleton. etitions again repeated, tho* anfwered again again ; fo often, indeed, that I am really a- ed to trouble your Lordfhips any more, with fences to the Anfwers. Mr. D did not the Captain in failing Northward from khill, when he came up with the Head-land in 20', off which he had deep Water and firong and very eafy Weather, as he had the whole Voy- )why did he not then, I fay, fend the Boat afhore to le Height h as alfo the Dire^ien of the Tide, and whether there were any Openings or Inlets in the ? For fince upcn his getting to 6^° 5^', hefaw Ice on Shore to Northward, he cculd lofe no Time king a thorough Search there, w til the Ice was 'bed in the Welcome, that Bay idng the princi' hce where Fox had difcovered fo many Whales^ \undfuih high Tides as from 18 to 24 Foot.— ■L 1 Capt. Middletott. :aufe, as I have faid before in Page 40th, my idions direfted me, after I came t-o Carey*s i*s Nefl, to fleer Northwefterly, fo as to fall in the North'Weft Land, at Sir Thomas Roe*s 9me, or ne ultra, near the Latitude of 65 De- North. This Mr. D knew full well, at le when he never had a fingle Thought that ^oaft he here (peaks fo much of, was worth cx- »ng } otherwife furely he would have taken Care I 2 thac imn iilH m§ i J (60) that my Inftruftions fhould not have been defcdlive in this Point. He is refolved, I find, to ring Changes on Fox^ Tides, and Whales in my Ears, without Mercy. Really, my Lords, I can lay no more abovit them than I have faid already. ^\Ai Mr. D- ^i';^i h.f:V ■ It was alfo already objerved, that he mijiook the Tide of Flood therefor the Ebb on Tuefday the 6th of July, at Full Moon \ fi that he was not fo verff afcuratfi in obfervin^ tt$ Tides as be ought to have been, ; -^ ._>»::/(:'. > ■ ' .-.f-TTs ,iU Capt. Middleton, This has been fully anfwered, and undeniably confuted in Page 32, ••--« • ■' Mr. "D" — • • ^ --•■•- ■^•'- 'And a thorough Difcovery there at that Time had been fcifer, as well as more fatisfaSiory^ than putting into the Ife to the Northward^ until it was more dtf- folved. ~— .i_i ;t,, Capt. Middleton,' f^^i^X ^\'hir' But would it h^ve been confiftent with vtif own Safety to have departed from my Inftruftions, in quell of a PalTage on that Coaft, where alfo it had been given over for fo many Years, and after fo pany Attempts ? Mr. D- PFhy did he, when the Tide carried him with Jiicii^ Rapidity into the River Wager, get out of the Wa^ cf the Tide, to the North-eafl, injiead of the South ^eft, which was the Side he ought to have endeavoureii $0 di/cover, and not the North^eaji Side, unkfs he ap'\ prehended he might difcover too much, by going higherl vp with the Tide | /(?r in cafe hf found htfets on tm South' i (6i ) Soutb'Wefi Sidcy he could not then conceal the PaJJage from his Officers and Crew, • " ' ^ Capt. Middleton, i^^l *fK?'i . When we firft entered JVager River, and indeed during the whole three Weeks we were there, as I have faid before, we found it impradlicabie to come near the South-weft Shore, except once with the Boat ; and were glad at any Rate to get the Ships into fome fafe Roadfteed, as may be feen in our Journals, 13th 14th and 15th of 7«$p. The Pink was in the moft imminent Danger, being driven up and down by three fucceffive Tides, and feveral Times carried fo clofe upon Iflands, that the Men might have jump*d on Shore, as the Matter's and Mate's Journals exprefs more particularly : Nor was the Furnace*^ Condition much better; for all Hands were forced to be employed in fteering her, and fending off the Ice two or three Tides together^ whilft (he lay at Anchor. yy. yciX^ ■ \i^:, ■ ■'.IJ-S i *>i «. i Mr. D— ^— Why did be prevent the Lieutenant* s taking along with him from Churchill, one of the FaSiorfs Men^ who perfeSllyunderftood the Northern Indian Language^ who would have been of great Ufe upon the Difcoveryy when the Lieutenant told him^ be would take all the Blame^ in cafe any Complaint was made of it^ fince it was for the Good of the Servi; I.e. Capt. Middleton. I find the Matter has given a very pertinent An- fwcr to this, in his Anfwer to Query 16. For my own Part,. I fay, that near two Months before the Northern Indians came down, I aid, in the Lieute- nant's Hearing, exprefs a Pefire of obtaining this Perfon of the Company, in cafe none fhould come that Year, fpr they fometimcf mifs. But they ar- > 1; jivingr I 'I 1 ! li ( 62 ) riving at their ufual Time, I could only importune the Governor to prevail on two of them, who bt ft knew the Country, and could fpealc the Language of leveral Nations, to go along with us ; together with a third Indian oi their own, who could con- verfe with thofe others very intelligibly, having tra- velled with them two Winters, and underflood En- glifh very well befides. To procure this Favour, I found it requifite to make the Governor very confi- derable Prefents, who exacted alfo a ftridt Fromife from me, that I would return the two Northern In- dians afhorc, Ibmewhere about ffn:>ale Cove or BrDok Cohbam, laden with Goods, and furnifh'd with Arms for their Defence. As for the other Indian, whom I had known from a Boy,I had leave both from the Go- vernor and his*.Parents to bring him home to England, if I thought fit ; which I did, and he foon after died of the Small-pox. Now, had I permitted the JLieu tenant to have impreffed that other Man, or had otherwife attempted to take him away by Force, I fhould have aded contrary to my Lords Commif- Inftru€lions, which required me ex- to the Ships or Sloops of the Hudfon's Bay Company ; for that Man was Linguift to one of their Sloops for the Northern Trade : Befides, I could not have promifed myfelf any Service from one thus compulfively dragged away againft his Inclination. •'>*' Mr. D- Query, Whether the Northern Indians on hoard him did not point out to go into the Weftern Shorty between 62 ° and 64** Degrees, before he was inchfed in the Ice, which was a firong Prefum^tion that there SMS tm Inlet thereabouts P'-^^'^ ■,i'v>^ .•,-,-^H*i.V9^^it; V'- «:?. *i Capf, ( 63 ) Capt. Middleton, I abfolutelyjdeny the Tiurh of what is infinuated in this Query. vu>* J ^ v.. v < v^- - -^ - .,,. , . Mr, D— /^i&y ^/i be^ when the Indians who were beginning to underftand and fpak the Engliih Language^ were deftrous of coming to England, put them ajhore againfi their Inclinations^ in a very indifferent Boat^ on an IJland fome Leagues from the Main, at a great Di- fiance from their Country, unlefs to prevent their giv' ing an Account of what they knew in relation to that Country and Strait, in cafe th^ came tofpeak the Eng- liih Tongue P ,-^. %.vA ,>.j :■ .*r. ■< -«;*■)«; . ..^y- -I ,^ //. »;.;vUi-:; Capt. Middleton* They cxprefled no Defrre of feeing England that I know of i and if they had, what would have ex- cufed me to the Governor, or to myfelf, for bring- ing them hither ; when, asl hadobferved juft now, I had fo folemnly engaged co land them fomewhere about ^hale-Cove, or Brook Cobham, The reft is contradicted by the Matter's Anfwer to Query 1 8, and by the leveral Affidavits of Towns, (App. JCXII.) Grant, (App. XXIV.; and Cooper, (App. XXV.) ,^;; st-i ;,,*,^i^ i 'A ri n n ,:^U^> Mr.iy .. Why did he, when employed by the Government info ufeful a Difcovery, after having been offered 5000 1, from the Company to quit the King^s Service, or to fearch for the Pajjage /» DavisV Straits^ or any other Place, where it was unlikely to find it, enter into an Agreement, or at leaft accept of an Offer made. by Sir Bibyc Lake their Governor, of giving him two Tears Salary y not to do any thing to interfere With their Trade, and upon this gave an Order, under fevere Penalties, t(ja none of his Crew fhould have the k(^ Intercourfi m »• ;■ i, I 'ij'f' .. \'' ( 64 ) ^ cr Trade with the Natives ; and whether upon doing this, and concealing the Paffage, he might not have bad greater ExpeSlation from the Company 5 and whe- ther, upon his Return, bis fending Letters immediately to the Company, and defiring that none of his People fhould communicate any thing about the Voyage or Dif- covery for fome time, and even to conceal all material Articles from the Gentleman who projected the Voyage, until he forced it out of him from Obfervations from his Journal,after keeping it from him for three Months, and by repeated Letters,ajfuring him, the whole wasim- prailicahle, whether this, tfay, did not look like a Dejign to make his own Terms with the Company, before he would publijh his Journal; for if all he had in view was only the two Tears Salary, not to damnify their Trade, and this had only a Reference to his Crews not trading with the Native j, the revealing what he knew concerning the Paffage and Voyage, would have been of no Detriment to him with the Compare , Capt. Middleton. This laft Paragraph contains a Repetition, after his ufual manner, of fundry Matters which he had dwelt long enough upon before *, particularly Com- plaints ot my being offered 5000 /. from the Com- pany to quic the King's Service, or at lead of ac- cepting two Years Salary, not to do any thing to interfere with their Trade ; all which I have fully anfwered before, and I hope to your Lordfhips Sa- cisfadlion. But now the Snake in the Grals begins to fhew himfelf i for he fums up all with this grand Complaint, that Upon this I gave an Order, under fever e Penalties, that none of my Crew Jhould have the lerft Intercourfe, or trade with the Natives. My Lords, I have already faid, I was bound in Duty and Gratitude to do this, whether the Company re- garded me or not. Permit me here, my Lords, to recriminate m my Turn, and obferve that by this i means (65) means the Gentleman who projeded the Voyage, as he afFedts to flile himfclf, as well as his Agents on board, met with no fmall Difappointment. Had I allow'd them Liberty to infringe the Company's Rights, and make fuch Depredations for their pri- vate Benefit, as they feem'd to intend, I am per- fuaded I fhould have heard none of thefc Complaints fo often reiterated ; nothing of my Friend (hip to the Company ; of Rewards and Bribes from the Company ; of endeavouring to make my own Terms with tlie Company ; of great Expeftations from the Company j all which are Allegations newly trump'd up, and manifeftly the EfFedts of Spleen and Difappointment. Does not this fhew, that the Projedor of the Voyage had the Advan- tages of a clandeftine Trade as much or more at heart, than the publick Utility of a Difcovery ? Whence otherwife Ihould arife his Endeavours to ftigmatize the Company, and diflblve their Charter? Whence his unwearied Application to prejudice my unblemiftiM Character widi your Lordlhips, or the Publick? Whence his Projedl of a new Settle- ment, and a further Profecution of the Difcovery, but to intruft it with fuch as ihould not baulk his Expedtation in other Matters ? ",ri f> r>:. .A XMaii- \;nii V 'fr*. .'>«„■ (« A Summary State of Mr, D *s Objedions, .- and Captain Middleton'j Anfwers. ^ii.f jy.- jC If U ■ I: it T HE only Places where Mr. D— prefumcs there may be a Paflage from Hudfon*s-Bay to the Weftcrn Ocean o( America, are on the Coaft be- twixt Brook Cobham, in Latitude 63**, or through ^' fe- , ( 70 ) Whales being feen in any Place, are at the beft but very precarious. Reafon 5. From broken Lands nortb-weftwards^ and a great ColleSlion of fVaters feen at a diflance, full oflflands^ on tbefouth-weft Side, Anfwer*d» It is mod likely, that thefe watery Spaces feen at a di (lance, are the fame fort of Lakes of melted Snow from the Mountains, as were every were feen from the Eminencies they afcended in that Coun- try to overfpread the Vallies. But be that as it yrill, there was no coming near them for the Rapi- dity of the Water- falls, that hindered the Boat from going higher up than fhe did, and the immenfe Quantities of Ice along the fouthwefl Shore. Captain MiddletonV REASONS w/&y Wager River has no Communication with the Sea weftward^ Reajon i. ' Becaufe the Tide of Flood comes in at its Mouth from the Eaftward. : v ! Reafon 2. .; Becaufe It flowed eighteen Feet at the Entrance ; but thirteen at Deer Sound j and the higheft the Boat could go for Water- falls, no more than five or fix Feet. Reafon 3. Becaufe the Water was found to be fo felh in the Mid- channel above Deer Soundythsit the Men freely drank it along-fide the Boat inrtead of Beer ; and the higher they went they found it the freflier. Reafon 4. B;:caufe no Whales were feen there but at the Entrance of the River, and at Deer Sound, this being an beft but nd a great ofjjknds^ paces fecn of melted r were feen that Coun- that as it r the Rapi- : Boat from le immenfe lore. w/&y Wager ; wejiward. it its Mouth Entrance ; left the Boat five or fix f.eftiinthc Men freely Beer •, and freftier. but at the /, this being an (71 ) an Argument that they came not from any Sea to the Weft ward i but entered by for.ie Inlet from the north-eaft. Reafon 5. Becaufe Travellers, which have gone from Church^ ill by Land, as high as the arSic Circle, affirm, that they met with neither fait Water River, nor Sea, in any Part of their Journey. Objections and Queries zipon Points of Condndi Anjwered, - Objeftion i. A Large Opening on the fouth-wefi Side ofWiL^cr River, which the Lieutenant fet with his Com- pafs from a Place near Deer Sound, was never looked into, - * ' Anfwer, The Lieutenant's unintelligible Paper about this Affair, will be found in the Appendix CXXX.) *Tis hard to conceive how on the Bearings he mentions, any Objed: (hould be feen from his Station but on the eaft Shore, the fame on which he ftood, the River lying nearly N. and S. by Compafs. Mr. D fays, it was oppofite the Place where moft of the Whales were feen, which therefore Ihould be over-againft Deer Sound ; but the Captain could di- ftinguilb nothing thereabouts, which in the leaft an- fwered the Defer iption. He many times attempted to land on the fopth-weft Shore, but never could for Ice, except once i and then he perceived nothing but high mountainous Land, with large Lakes of melted Snow in the Vallies, Obje(5lion "^' ^ •5 kT^irr '"' • • • ■' r / ir ;*l; ( 72 ) Objeftion 2. 7i&^ Dlfcovery was quitted in the Beginning of Ali- gn ft, -ivhen all the Ice was dijjolved in Wager River t that Month being the beji Month in the Tear to perfe£f the Difcovery. Anfwer, The Difcovery was not quitted before the 15th of o^ Aug. when they left Brook Cobham. If C. Middleton had ItayeJ longer, he coiiid not reafonably have ex- pelled to repafs the Straits with his poor difabled Crew. A Ship not many Years ago was frozen up near Mansfield in the Middle of September^ and her Crew almoft perifh'd with cold. The Straits are ufually pafs'd the latter End of Augufi^ or Beginning of September, and even then the Sails and Rigging are fo hard frozen, that it cofts them fome Days to fet any part of them. No Ship of the Company's muft attempt to return after the tenth of September ; and till a little above twenty Years ago a Voyage was feldom made without Wintering. Objeftion 3. The Opening among the IJlands to thenorth-wefiward beyond the Place the Lieutenant went to in Wager River, was not inquired into, although the Lieutenant and Majier, under their Hands, reported there was another Way into the Sea than the Way the Ships en» tered, by which the Whales came there. '- >. . \ f Anjwer. The Lieutenant and Mafter, in their Report, fay, that they believe there is another Way into the Sea befides that which the Ships came jn at, fomewhere on the eafl: Side (not on the N. W. Side) and that: they imagine the Whales come through this Paf- iag-\ Indeed, they were fent up to look for fuch a Pafilige, and to meet the Flood, for fear the River's Mouth (73) Mouth Ihould not be clear of Ice before the fetting in of Winter, and fo all perifh there. For after the Captain, Jor the Reafons before-mentioned, had given up all hopes of a Paflage through thii River, he would have parted with all he had in th6 World to have been out of it again. Objedion 4. To have avoided being carried hack again into the /?/Vtfr Wager, they ought to have kept their Courjh towards Cape Dobbs, that the Tide of Flood might have carried them to the Southward, Anfwer, Then they could not have avoided being forc'd afhore among all the Ice that lay oflf Cape Bobbsy or again into the River 5 fince they could lay only W. S. W. and S. W. on the other Tack, the Wind being S. and S. S. £. and the Flood coming llrong from the E. and E. b. N. . \ Objeaion 5. The Carpenter and Gunner went afiore at Cape Fri* gid, to view the Land and fuppofed Frozen Strait \ the Carpenter and Gunner went to a Hill a Mile and a half further than the Captain and Clerk, and upon their Return, as the Clerk affirms, they laid the Hilt they were upon was an Ijland,but the low Beachy Land^ to the fouthward of them, was joined to the eafiern and northern Land, which joined the weft Land, and form'd the Bay above Cape Hope •, and that there was no Frozen Strait to fouth-eaftward of them^ as the Cap' tain has laid down in bis JoumaL - ; Anfwer. When the Carpenter and Gunner returned, the Captain ftriftly examined them, as to the Particu- lars they faw : Whether they were pofitively fure L that ;ir' 'U' "*■■■'' { >'.*■■ I : 1 il' fri ■ ■ tn ^i I x I 'I (74) that the low Beach joined to the Land they flood upon ? They aflur'd me it did, and that they were upon an Idand cut off from the Beach, and that the Frozen Strait, of which they dehvered the Captain a kind of Map or Flan the next Morning on board, was at* lead twelve Leagues wide from the Eaft to the Weft Side, at the Mouth or narroweft Part. This Declaration of the Carpenter and Gunner is alfo attefted by the Mafter in his Anfwer to Qiiery J I. Befides, if thjre be no fuch Strait, whence ihould the ftrong Tide of four Miles an Hour come, which they met with there, and which the Lieute- nant obferved to force the Ships very rapidly to the North-eaft-ward. Objeftion 6. He (the Captain) took Care that nothing; Jhould be mentioned in the Logg Book but what he faw and di' re^ed, and /aid be would break up all their Boxes that kept Journals, and take their Books and Papers from them. He alfo^ when he was in Wager River, dif- countenanced and difcouraged any who faid it was a Strait a id not a River, and that there was a Likeli- hood of there being a Paffage that Way, and during the whole Voyage kept all on hoard him as much in the dark as he could *, threatened to cane the Lieutenant, hroomjlick the Mafter, and lq[h all others, for taking upon them to difpuie about a Paffage, jinfiver. The Captain is apprehenfive, that the Logg Book will rather be thought to abound, than tg be de- feftive in Particulars. He never difcountenanced, but, on the contrary, always encouraged every one in keeping Journals, and in fpeaking and reporting according to their Judgment, with the utmoft Free- dom 5 always inftrudting fuch as he found igno- rant, and endeavouring to improve thofc who ^ ^d made {75) made (bme Proficiency. The Lieutenant, in his Anfwer to Query 20, fays, that Jie never heard of the Captain's threatening to take away Books and Papers, or giving Orders that nothing fhould be en- tered into the Logg Book which fliould give Hopes of a PafTage ; and denies that the Captain ever dif- countenanced or difcouraged him : And in his An- fwer to Query 5, he fays, that he knows nothing of the Threatening Captain Middleton is faid to have made Ufe of. The Mafter, in his Anfwer to Que- ry 5, fays, he never heard of the leaft Threatening about the Difcovery in any Part of the Voyage ; but that the Captain always treated every Body too well ; that he never hindered them from keeping what Account they would, being always ready to inftrud any Officer that would afk him, and (hewed feveral how to keep Journals that had never been at Sea before *, that he has heard the Captain de- clare he would put up with all that could be en- dured, rather than the Difcovery (hould be baulk'd. And in his Anfwer to Query 20, he fays, the Cap- tain feemed on all Occafions heartily to encourage the Difcovery, and was ever free in communicating, and in inftrufting every Officer and Man on board ; that both the Lieutenant and himfelf had received great Benefit from his Inftru(5tions, and mud ac- knowledge it ; and that to reprefent the Captain in other Light, he is thoroughly fatisfied, is doing him barbarous Injuftice. The Affidavits of 7*. Towns, U, Von Sobrieky G. Grant, and T. Cooper, do all contradid what the Captain is here charged with, and abundantly confirm the Mailer's Account of his Behaviour. And it is obfervable, that the In venters of the Romance about Threatening, con- fefs that no body heard it but themfeives. i I ! • t ;t '■'^ L 2 Ob- -■■ ■:■ ,>.v..^......^^-. ^.,^. (76) |if^.h N '^'^ i.nl ijv = '^'^' ->^'^^^ '^ ; Objeaion 7. V^' ' Wien the Captain, on Account of their Ckmour^ was under a Necejftty of fending up the Lieutenant and JMafter in afix-oar'd Boatj to make further Obferva- iions of the 'Tides, and to know whether the IVhales came into the River any other Way, why did he limit them to go no further up than he himfelf had been be- fore, and to come back with the utmoft Df patch that the Nature of the Service would allow of? Anfwer, The Captain is not confcious that he adled, in any Refped", fo as to give Occafion to Clamour, nor was he fenfible of any. His whole Intention in fending up the Boat this Time.; was to try if there could be found any Outlet into the Welcome, befides that whereby they entered. Many Years Experience of the fudden and fad Effeds of Cold in this Country, perluaded him that tliis was no un- reaibnable Step towards preferving his Majefty's Ships ^nd Subjeds committed to his Carq, in cafe Winter fhould (et in before they could be able to re- pafs the Mouth of the River, at that time much clogg*d with Ice J and that this Was* his principal Motive, may appear both from his Order of July 27, to the jLieutenant and Mafter, and from their B.eport ofJuguft i. at their Return. The Captain denies that thefe Olficers were fo limited as is pre- tended in this Query. It was a Blunder of his Clerk, to write, as far as Deer Sound, in the Order j and he not only told him Iq, at the going off of the Boat, but he likevyife verbally gave the Lieute- nant Leave, as himfelf and the Mafter both ac- knowledge, in their Anfwer to Query 3. to pro- ceed up as far as he could conveniently, without re- tarding the Ships from lailing out of the River j he being, for the Rcafops juft now mentioned^ i«ore ( 77 ) more intent on getting out of the River, than on further profccuting the Difcovcry of a Paflagc with- in it, even tho* he had entertained tlie ftrongcft Prc- fumption that there might be one ; whereas he had very cogent Reafons to think there was none : And befides, to have fought one againft an Ebb, would have been going contrary to his Inftrudtions, ' ' Objeftion 8. • Why did be^ only from a Bottle ef Water*s being Irackijh (which is alfo dijputed) which was taken up near an Inlet where they apprehended there was a frejh Stream, fail direSily out of the River .<* Anfwer. It no where appears, that a Bottle of Water was taken up near a frefli Inlet. The Mailer, in his Anfwer to Query i, fays, the Water was pofitively frefher and frelher as they went higher and higher ; and the Affidavits of T. Towns, U. Von Sobriek, and G. Grants all fet forth exprefly , that from 4 Leagues above Deer Sound, to the utmoft Height rhe Boat went, the Water, even in the Mid-channel of the River, was but barely brackilh, and that the Men all drank of it alongfide inllead of Beer. Objeftion 9. Why did he, when the Tide carried him withfuch Rapidity into the River Wager, get out of the Way of the Tide to the l^orth-eafl, inftead of the South-wefi Side, which was the Side he ought to have endeavoured to difcover, unlefs he apprehended he might difcav^r too much, by going higher up with the Tide ? Anfwer. When they firft entered Wager River, and in- deed during the whole three Weeks they were ths-Tc, they found it impracticable to come near the , ' South- r . /■ I: »w; s' * ' 11 C: > 1^ 1 ! ; ; . filial 1 ' f ■' '! (78) South-weft Shore, except once with the Boat ; and were glad at any Rate to get the Ships into fume Roadlleed, as may be feen in the Journals, July 13, 14, and 15, :---_-^.r> ^.-.v. V-....- -•■ .-.-... ^ ijr' Objedion 10. Why did be pre^)ent the Lieutenant* s taking along Kvitb him from Churchill, one of the Fa5lory*s Men^ who perfe^ly underjiood the Northern Indian Lan- guage, when the Lieutenant told him he would take ail the Blame ^ in cafe any Complaint was made of it f -■■-- y..or. '■■} h< Anfwer. v-"- ■■• -• ■ '•■ The Captain expreffed a Defire of obtaining this Perfon of the Company, in cafe the northern Indi- ans ihould not come down that Year. But they arriving, he could only importune the Governor to prevail on two of them, who beft knew the Coun- try, and could fpeak the Language of feveral Na- tions, to go along with them, together with a third Indian of their own, who could converfe with the other two very intelligibly. ^\v& Governor would not comply withu .. a ftrift Promife of fetting the two Northern Indians alhore at their Return, ibme- where about Whale Cove or Brook Cobham^ laden with Goods, and furnifh'd with Arms and Ammu- nition ; which was done accordingly. Had the Captain permitted that other Man to have been im- preffcd or forced away, he would have afted again ft his Inftrudlions, which ordered him not to give any Difturbance to the Ships or Sloops of the Compa- ny : Now this Perfon was an Interpreter to one of their Sloops for the northern Trade. ObjefVion 1 1 . Why did he, when the Indians who were beginning to underftand and [peak the Englifh Language were diftrous of coming to England, put them on fibre ^- gainft ( 79 ) gainft their Inclinations^ in a very indifferent Boat^ on an IJknd fome Leagues from the Main, at a great Vifiance from their Country, unlefs to prevent their giving an Account of what they knew in relation to the Country and Strait, ir cafe they came to fpeak the Hvi^xih tongue ? - . /.n I. , ' ■- w Anfwer. They exprefs'd no Defire of feeing England that ever came to the Captain's Knowledge ; and if they had, what could have excufed him to rhe Governor or to himfelf, for bringing them hither, when, as was juft now obferved, he had folemnly engaged to land them fomewhere about Whate Cove ct Brook Cobham? The Matter in his Anfwer to Query i8, fays, the Boat was a good one, and that they had been taught how to manage her *, that they faid they knew their Way home very well ; that they were fufHciently fortified againft all the Men in the Coun> try, having Fire-arms, well ftock'd with Ammu- nition, and more of every thing than they could well carry. And that they were but 250 Miles from their own Country or the Company's Factory, which is nothing for an Indian to travel. The Affi- davits of 7*. 1'owns, G. Grant, and T. Cooper, fpeak much to the fame Purpofe, and fay befides, they went away highly pleafed, without any Manner of Compulfion. ;? ObjeBions and Surmizes about Bribery an- fwered, Objeftion i, 'The Captain, beforg he went the Voyage, was of- fered by fome of the Directors of the Company 5000 1. to return to their Service, and not p the Voyage -, or to go fear ch for the Pafjage in Davis*/ Straits, or in any >»«y.< i .» . ■ ■;- u..- -. : K. „>. . % i ' 'I ' '^ 1 ! : .1 i , ■''* ill it lU (So) any other Place hut where he was direSfed \ td which he anftveredj be might take their Money and he of no Service to them \ for the Gentleman who had projeSfed the Voyage^ hadit fo much at Heart, that if be did not go, he would get fomebody elfe to go ; hut before he had done with it, he hop*d to go in a Coach and fix % to which one of them anfwered, be hop*d to fee him at the Devil fifji. . . ■ ^ .. .. Anfwer, The Captain denies that any of the Directors, eithcf by themfdves or others, ever offered him htm 5000 /. or one Shilling,^ upon any Account whatfbever j and granting fuch an Offer was made, the Objedtor ac- quits the Captain of any Crime, by the Anfwer he fays he made (or rather, that he in this Place is fo kind to make for the Captain) viz. that he might take the Money, and be of no Service to them, Cd'f. What follows about his Hopes of riding in a Coach and Six, and fome body's wilhing him at the Devil, is fuch Trumpery that he can't think the Lords Commiflioners of the Admiraky believe it defences a fcrious Anfwer, and he is furprized theProjedlor himfelffhould think fo. But grant- ing the Oflfcr were made, can the Reftifal of fo large a Bribe redound to the Captain's Difrcputatron ? Obje^lion 2. ^ey afterwards, by Sir Bibye Lake their Gover- nor, promis'd him 2 Tears Salary at 1 20 1. per annun% not to do any Thing to prejudice or olflruSl their Trade, which he fays was only upon Account of presenting his Crew's trading in the Bay, sS, \ Anfwer, The Refufal of 5000 /. which the ObJ€nii ,-t.'^' u Mfwered, He has already faid, that he was bound in Duty to do this, whether the Company rewarded him or not. But does not this Objeftion fhew, that the Projeftor of the Voyage had the Advantage of a private Trade at Heart, more than the publick U- tility of a Difcovery ? Whence otherwife Ihould arife his Endeavours to ftigmatize the Company, and diflblvc their Charter ? Whence his unwearied Application to prejudice the Captain's unblemilh'd Character with the Lx)rds of the Admiralty or the Publick ? And whence his Projedt of a new Settle- ment, and a further Profecution of the Difcovery j but to intruft it with fuch as (hould not baulk his Expc^isLtion in other Matters. "' ^• ''^! r'U I !■-> M hjiances of the Qntradidlions and hconfijiencies which occur in the Anjwers to the ^eries pro- pounded to the Lieutenant, Majier, Surgeon, and Clerk, upon comparing them with one an- other, and with the Logg Books, Journals^ Councils, Reports and Affidavits, " Lieutenant* s Anfwer to ^ery i. THE Water, T think, was fait ; but as I would not depend on my own Judgment, I filled three Bottles with Water a: three different Places, and brought them on board at my Recurn ; and was told there was no Diftindion, for they were all ec jally alike fait. Majier*s Anfwer to ^ery i."" ' ' Above Deer Sound the Water was much frelher, and the higher up the frefher ftill. M 2 T. Town'i n ■' 1^. ' '')iWlM«^.M>.u»>'t« s ! t Mi iiii it' : ! ; ; ■ '! ' !' i 1 J.I i % ■Iii • \ f ■ ■ i ' \; j 1 1 ij '• j jijl llj L ( 84) T. TownV ^^^wV. The faid Captains and the laid four Men did all declare, thui they had ail tailed of the Water in the Mid-ciunncl o\ the River, four Leagues above Bter Sound, and found it to U' but barely brackiih, and that the faid four Men did freely drink of it for want of Beer. Ulrick Von Sobriek'j Affidavit, Being up the River Wager three or four Leagues gbove Deer Sound, in the Boat with Capt. Middle^ ton — He, this Deponent, and the reft of the H mds in the Boat, did drink the Water in the Mid-chan- nel, and found it to be juft brackiOi, fo that it might very well be drank, : . * Grance Grant*j Affidavit, Hf , this Deponent, heard the faid Capt. Middkton and all the faid four Men afllrt, that they had tafttd of the Water in the Mid-channel of Wager River, three or four Leagues above Deer Sound, and found it to be frefh, or but jult brackifli, and that the laid Men, for wan*, of Beer in the Boat, chofe to drink it rather than fuck the Ice, as they us'd to do elfe- where. • ./aV. .-•..;!. >y .c\-iV-^'/-^^ Lieutenant's Anfwer tv §uery i. I fteer'd W, N. W. by the Compafs, along the Weft Shore. ^ .^ r ,v . ., v^^, ... , Mafter'*s Anfwer to ^ery i. The Courfe we fteer'd in the Boat after we came up wit'i the BIufF Land was W. N. W. but the Couife of both Shores by Compafs from four Leagues below where the Ships lay, to the higheft we went vp? is North 15° Weft, l^ieu^f (85) Lieutenant andMafter*s Report^ 2ytb July. When wc were abreaft with the high Bluff Land we fteer'd W. N. W. keeping the Mid-channel. ■ Clerics Anfwer to ^uery 3. I very well know they were limited to go only to Deer Sound, or thereabouts, and ordered to come back with the utmoft Difpatch. Lieutenant* s Anfwer to ^ery 3. The Captain's Orders in Writing to me were, that I fliould go to Deer Sound, or theren' uts j and to come back with the utmoft Difpatcii . But I defired he would give me my Liberty to afl as I thought moft conducive to the Difcovery ; and he verbally confented that 1 might run up the River or Strait as far as I could conveniently, without retarding the Ships from faiUng. Mafter*s Anjwtr to ^ery 3. The Order, through the Hurry and MIftake of the Clerk, as the Captain told him at our putting oft the Boat, was to make Obfervations in and near "Deer Sound : But he gave the Lieutenant as I heard afterwards, verbal Orders to proceed as far as he thought proper. Captain's Order July 27. •p— And to report to me at your Return, which is to be as (peedy as the Nature of the Service you are ordered upon will permit. 'H. ii»r. /■v Clerk*s Anfwer to ^ery 5. He threatened to cane the Lieutenant, and Broprnftick the M^fter, and whip all the reft. Surgeon's 'H h ' ¥' M^ lit 1' X t |l ,!•■ n> m i P f IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I I4i|2j8 m lit 1^ Hi 14.0 125 2.0 ■ 1.8 — innlA^ ^ 6" ^ Hi0logFa{Jiic Sdenoes CarporatiQn 33 WKT MAIN STRUT WiBSTiR,N.Y. MSM (716) 172-4303 (86) Surgeon*s Anfwer to ^ery 5. He faid he would cane the Lieutenant, broomftick the Mafter, and whip all the reft that fpoke any thing about the Paffage. rtf> " • IAeutenant*s Anfwer to ^ery 5. I know nothing of the Tiireatning Capt. Middle^ ten is faid to have made ufe of. Ueuienant's Anfwer to ^ery 20. I can't fay the Captain difcouraged or difcounte- nanced me in making any Difcovery. >m nMafier^s Anfwer to ^ery 5. I never heard of the leaft Threatning during our being at Sea any Part of the Voyage, about the Difcovery ; but the Captain always treated every body too well, if I may be allowed the Expreflion. Affidavit of T. Towns. Capt. MiddIeton*s Behaviour, as far as this Depo- nent ever faw or heard, was very kind and mild, and he never threatned Punifhment to any one for • offering his Mind with freedom about the Condufb iifed in the intended Difcovery. Affidavit of Ulrich von Sobriek. Capt. Middleton*% Treatment was very kind both to Officers and Men. Affidavit of Gnnce Gnnt, He never heard that Capt. Middleton threatned to punilh any one for fpeaking his Mind about the Difcovery ; bur, on the contrary, he was always courteous in his Behaviour to his Officers, and kind to all, fometimes when they did not deferve it. Affidavit (87) 4BidavitofT,CQOiptv. He never heard, or was informed, of any high or harfh Words that paiTed between Capt. MiMeton and any of his Officers ; or that the faid Captain did any wife threaten to punifh any Man for {peak- ing his Mind freely about the Difcovery, or that he threatned to break open any ones Cheft to come at Journals ; but, on the contrary, his Carriage was always mild to every body. Remark, It is obfervable, that the Lieutenant never heard any of the Captain's Threatning, but was told it by the Surgeon and Clerk, who both own, that it was fpoken to them in private. The Mailer cannot tell how to believe it, nor the Men neither ; for they never heard any thing of it, nor felt any of its £f- fefts. Lieutenant* s Anjwer to ^ery 6, jqii j We were carried to the South-weftward, nigh the Rocks on the ibuth Shore of Cape DobbSy by the Tide of Ebb, and drove from IFager River fix or feven Leagues. Mqfter^s Aufwer to §uery 6. We were carried S. E. b. S. as the Courfe of the Land lies by Compafs, from the River's Mouth to- wards Cape Dobbs, until we met the Channel ebb from the W. b. S. by Compafs. Remark, The Clerk, in Part of his Anfwcr to this Query, fays, at this time the Mafter prevaricates, for fear, as he fays, he ihould be any Man's Ruin. §uery^ Does the Clerk believe that any Man's Huin can depend on the Truth of either of their Anfwers ? I Lieute* ; :a I •■m ' (88) lit' ^f Lieutenant*} Anfwer to ^uery 7. We ply'd with Sails and Oars to the Eaftward to . get out of a Tide of Flood, which I apprehend and believe came from the South-weil, for fear of be- ing horfed into H^ager River again. r Surgeon* s Jnjwer to ^eryy. We ply'd to the North-eaft ward with Sails, Ship's Oars, and two Boats a Head, to be out of the Tide of Flood from the Southward, leafl: it fhould drive us up the River ^ager again. Cier^s Anfwer to ^ery 7. We hailed away to the eaftward with all the Sail we could croud, rowing with the Ship's Oars, and towing with the Boats, to avoid our being forced into the River Wager again, by a Tide of Flood that came from the foufh-weftward. Mafler*s Anfwer to §^ery 7. When we failed out of the River Wager y we ply'd to the eaftward with Sails and Oars, to get out of the Indraft of the River's Flood from the eaftward, but not from the foiithward, until you get within the Indrafc of the River, and then indeed the Flood hath the Courfe as in all Inlets. jfffideevit of T. Towns. He is certain, of his own Knowledge, that all the way from the Frozen Strait to the KwtrWager^ the Tide of Flood came from the eaftward. Affidavit of Ulrich Von Sobriek. The Flood Tide which flows up the River Wa* ' ger^ in at its Mouth, comes all from the eaft, or the eaft by north, the Courfe of the new Strait by Com pal's. Remark, f Remark, The Cleric will h^y^ \%^ that they failed away to ihe eaftwacdt with aU jj^ $?\\ they could croud i If he will, look into (he jQurnali», he may 0rid that from eight to tw^ve it was Siu Qiim. , < ■ >^ *^ '^Is Ueutenatits JournaU Auguft 4; I feveral times try^ jh? Tide, and found the Flood came from..lhye.cftft, , ,/ ,; ••rr TT .1 ' Ml" '! ") ■ .J ' V I ^T ^W^* _1 _r 1 * t * t t"^ )■* That jthc NeapTide$ u^ highsar with a north- j wcfterly.Wind atG^Kr^-&l//, than the Spring Tides ' witji ftn eafterly Wind, is known by every Pcrfon who itM .ady Knowjkdge of the Tides in ChwchiU River,; r:vti:Jv:-('i...- jiiAimm^U \.^\l^ux^...^^ \ J. Macbeath'j ^S^liiin;//. He, this Peponi^fit, WA9 employed five Years on board oi3te of thftCpmpflny's Stoops ^t Chunhiih gnd (ays, ithat he took notice always near Churchill a N. E, Wind, ip^hen u i^lew gny thing of a G^le* did make the higheft Ti4Qs, and that the \t^^ Tides were when it blew a Ibuchbweft Wind . 1^1 — UsuUtumt^s jiMfwer to Query 10. The Tide at the^Foint near Brook Cobbam in latitude 63^ 20', nigh the lAnd, was as rapid as that at Wager River.—* The Courfe of the Tide, which was very impetuous, (leing never tried bvtf oncctt'that,Place. * i.*, ; I VAC, . SwrgeoiCs Jttfwer to ^ry 10. The Rapidity of the Tide here filled fcveiisil ar board with Joy and Hopes of finding a PalTage, without going much farther northward. ! T^ : CkH^iAhlwer to ^ery to, I Hitter iaw nvare^rapid Tides at any Place thao Hear Brook Cobbaniy m 6^^ 20'. N Isieutt" V « i )' I (905 Liettienani*s Journal^ Ju\y $, O ^f^T The Tide was tried feverai times, and found to run two Miles an Hour from the N. E, b. E. by Compafs the Day before the Full Moon i and I take it to be the Flood from the eaftward. ^- ' Mq/ier^s Anfwer t$ §uery 10. ; '" ^ The Tide near the Head Land, in Latitude 63 1 •^oV as we -went northward from Churchill River, was tried feverai times, and run two Miles an Hour from the eaftward: But Land-men on board, and Sailors alfo, if not well acquainted with Navi- gation, may, in fuch Cafes where the Ship is under Sail^ the Boat at Anchor, or the Current Log riding her, be eafily led into falfe Concluiions. ■ *» \;s ; Majler*s Anfwer to §uery 14. ' « The Tide we found in 63^ 20' in Shore, was not half fo ftron^ as what we found in the new Strait, between the River H^ager and Cape Hope in the Narrows, which I tried feverai times myfelf when almoft calm, and it broke our deep Sea-Line in -bringing upxjur fmall Boat, and loft our Grapling. r Ckrk*s Anfwer to §uery 11. - I am very fure from a Channel we ftw, which disjoined from the low Beach, and another that I fawto the northward, as well as from the Gunner^ and Carpenter's Account, that the Land we then Hood upon, was an liland waihed on all Sides by the Sea the Ships were in. ^aa Mafter^s Anfwer to ^uery if. The Captain ftridly enquired of the Carpenter and Gunner concerning the Frozen Strait, whether the Place they were landed upon, was an Ifland or xiof (90' no? They anfwered, It was not i^ For they could fee further than he. Clerk* i Anfwer to Query 1 1. ■ When we came to the Boat, it was near low Wa* ter, and the Captain alk'd which way the Tide of Flood ran ? and was told it made its Courfe to the northward. About 7 o*Clock that Evening, he took tlie Height of the Tide, it being at that time low Water, and three Days after the Full of the Moon* Mqlier*s Anfwer to ^ery 1 1. The Captam took the Height of the Tide when he returned to the Boat. By the Account the Men gave him when he got back, the Tide had flowed foorFeet; and he afterwards found by the Marks on Shore, that it had Itowed fifteen or fixteen Feet in all ; and that a W«or W. b. S. Moon made High- waten ■ ■ '<^ ■ t\ t^-.- fh froftfaffions mmthmd in the Council of Augufl: 8, ^ned hy the Lieutenant and Ma/ler^ and confirmed k^ the Gunner and Carpenter, On the feventh {oi Augufl) at ten in the Morn- ing, after we were confirmed that the Flood came in on the north Side from the £. b. S. Capt. Midm dleton went afhore in the Boat, and found it flowed fifteen Feet three Days after the full Moon. The Carpenter and Gunner, who were two of the Boat's Crew,' many of our People being very ill, went twelve or fifteen Miles on the fouth Side of thefe Straits,, and on the highefl Hills they could find, iaw the Paflage that this Flood came in at. 'Cm: ibt7r>. "?i >('•'*■■ '. Rentarkm Bf the Clerk's Account there could have been no Flood^atall during the whole time that the Captain N 2 was -.t ^ it fi ' ! J • ( ( 9^ ): M$ abfcnt from the Boat. Htfw then could he afk which way the Tide of Flood ran? Ueutenan^s Anfwtr to Sjtery 12. I could never properly diftihguilh the Head Lands in our Return from Capi frigid to Brook CMam^ and did not come nearer to the weft Shore than five or fix Leagues. We feaFch'd neither Inlets nor Bays, nor c^me we: near ehoUgh to any Lahd tb the weftward to diftinguifh it. . '::r;,v Surgeon* s Ar^werU ^ery i2» r I do hoi remember we Were n^rer the weft Shbre than 5 or 6 Leagiies } ioLicculd hot difcover whethei^ it was Iflands or broken ilands. Inlets or Bays^ or a main Continent, and feldon difcem'd the Land, except fome high BlufFFbint-Olnongft the Clpuds. ■■■.■. 41..-. f ■ ... ClerJf?s Anfwer to 9^fery 12. . * It appears from the different Journals and Log- Books, th^t we were hot ne^ref tQ that Lff^d than live or fix Leagues. ^*Vi.' r Th^ L6g-Books make it appear, that they never Wcr6 m^e than once or twi<^e, when they li^ to in the Night, above three tit ibar Leagues off it. .-'aiubi t* : Mtfter^s J^fiioer to'^ftiOH 1 2.. . ; ' We made fure to ibat'ch all the weft Shore fo ne^ a& to fee the Bottoms of rite Bay^, and pliinly n^ake I main Land. We Went within three or foor Leagued ofmoft Places, and wh^e ie was bold^ wecamii within two Leagues, as off the Head Land, where we found the Tide tb ran two Miles an Hour in Ciatitude 63^ 20'^ and from L^tude €4.^ t6haid< the Difcovery at heart above sUl things } for he feexii'd overjoy'd at every thing that^ feemed to promife it, and kept a conftant Look olit and Examination of all Shoi^, teping fbmetimes eight and forty Hours upon Detk, at a time Which muft be very litiguing in thofe Parts to a Man in Ims bad State of Health. •i a Affidavit of V\x\c\i^ on Sohtitk. All the way between ^6o\l C^bbmn and Cape Dohhy i}xty wereifureoflthe main Land, and tirere nevfir above threte or four Leagues oflf the Land, ex- pdptin one or two Places, where ineeting with fliotl Wtttdr, they laid to in Hhe Ntght-Hme, that fhey m%ltt not pKiifs\at)y Place unfttn, -and Hood in ihore ih the Day. Off the Head Land in Latitude 6%% io'^ thdy wtrt :3V/ •;niIQ/.S ~ff* Surgeon* s Anfwer ioSjueryi^, There was never any Boat Tent on Shore, nor no Search made near the weft Land : I do not know any Reafon why we did not v for out of fifty* three Men and Boys, we brought out of CburtbiU, we ,had but eight that were mcapable of doing their Duty. Jiffidamt ef T.Towns. Through the Sicknels and Lameneis of a great many, and the Unfkilfulnefs of fome, the Ships would not in all probability have ever reach'd Ei^m land again, if it had pleas'd God to take away Capt. Middleton, ^qQ Affidavit of Vlnch Von Sohntk. ti.Oixt of above twenty Men which they had ott hosLvd the Difcovery from Cburebill home, there were not four or five in a Watch, able to go aloft^ or hand or reef a Sail ; though this Ship was better mann*d than the Fumacty intomuch, that in Wi^ River, they were forcM to fend moft of their Hands aboard the FunaceimhRtt they had few but ftck Men* VS^v Surgeorfi (95) t^f^ Surgeon*! Anfwer to ^uery 17. The two Indians gave us an Account of a River or Straits, (alt Water and deep, a great Number of large black Fifh fixiuting up. the Water, and that the/ were five Days in croffing it, and that there ntsa a Copperi-mine on the Side of the River or Straits } and that from the bcSt Account I could gather from them, it wasfomewhere thereabouts, t Mafier* I Anfwer to ^ifery 17. We had no manner of Account from the Jndiais of. any Pafiage on theCoaft where we went, neither did I hear fo much as one word mentioned about it, either whilft thev were with us or fince till now, nor concerning blacK Filh near the Copper-Mine. •»— — « II II I II li II— — <— Miner's Anfwer to Sluery i8. The Captain told us, that he had promifed both the Governor and the Friends of the northern /«- dians to put them &fe on Shore, fo that they might get to their own home, or to CburcbilL wi Cierk*s Anjwer to ^uery iS, The Reafons Capt. Middleton gave for putting them afliore were, as he faid, lead thofe Indians^ when they came to England^ fhould, by their Chat- tering of the Copper-Mine, and Straits thereabouts, put the Government to the Expence of fitting out Ships again, to make trial of a Pafiage that way once more. , Surgeon* s Anfwer to §tiery 1%, * siThe Captain ordered them into an old leaky Boat, with two Oars, Mad and Sails, which nei* Cher of them knew well how to manage, in a ftrange Place they did not know, and in the midft of their mortal Enemies. But all this would not prevail on 2 the IB p^ 'ti f ■ ■! ^i' ;:!!•; \V\' ( 96 ) th^Captain 1 liNr J«hf)^-were a^luaUy^ Ibfc'd ovtr the Ship's Side intQ.th$ Boat. : • . ":•-::: h. \" - l ■ . . I The Boat ^9hA very wd], and they might eafily manage her, as they had been fliewn, what Diftance they had to Shore, or along Shore, as they pleas'd : they knew their way home well enough, as they told, us, and were fufficiently fortified againft alith^ Men of the Country, having Fire-arms, well (lock*d with Ammunition, and more of dvery thing than they could well carry. They were but 250 Miles from their own Country, or the Company's FaOi tory, which is nothing for an. Indian to travel.. ' . .^\^ fti . >'^'f/: Ajfdavit of T. Towns. :r>i ion The two northern JfuUans were fy-kf fr om b e ing forced into a leaky Boat againft their Will, that they went voluhtasily intoa good tight Boar, which this Deponent faw well caulk'd two Days before, aj:\d fecm'd highly plesu'd at their Departure, as well they might ; for they had more Arms, Ammuoi^ tion and Goods given them, than they could have traded in fevcn Yc»fs. Affid(p)%tof G. Grant. ' .' They departed in a good tight Boat, highly {^fia&d with the large Stock of Pre^nts, Aminuni^ tion fnd Arms, theyiiad received ifrom the Captain, ,.c;( Vj AffidteoitofT. Cooper. j When they (awirhatPcdentB and Arms the Cap- ^In had ordered to be delivered to them^ they both ieemed hig|ily^|dea£Bd, and willing to depart; and i^och went Yol^taril^ into the Boat, which was a good tight one, without the leaft Forcing or Ccniv- :^ Ueufenam's .,.ij (9?) iJfaMa Lieutenant's Anfwer to ^ery 20. I believe that fome of the Officers on board were difcouraged and difcountenanced from being inqui-* fitive about it, or making Obfervations^ which might promote the intended Difcovery. Clerk*s Anfwer to §uery 20. by difcountenancing and difcourdging every one on board— and making what he thought mod conducive to his Defign on the Log-board. Lieutenant* s Anfaierto Suer^ to, I can*t fay that the Captain difcouraged of dif'-' countenanced me in making any Difcovery — nor did I ever hear the Captain threaten to take theif Books and Papers from theiti, or give Orders thaC nothing (hould be enter*d in the Log-book^ which fhould give any hopes of a Paflagei Mafter*s Anfwer to §utry $. I have heard fthe Captain) fay, that he wduld put Up with all that could be endured, rather than the I^f^* covery fhould be baulk'd. He never hindered anj^ body from keeping what Account they would, and would always readily inftrud: any Officer that would a(k him in obferving the Latitude, Variation^ or any other curious Matter ; and ihew*d fevefftl ho\y to keep Journals^ that had never been at Sea before* Mifter*s Anfwer to ^ery 20. The Captain feem'd on all Occafions heartily to encourage the Difcovery, and was ever free in com« municating, and inllrudting every Officer and Man on board, either in Navigation or the Seaman's Part^ as none is better qualified to do it i And the Lieutenant and myfelf have experienced the Benefit thereof, and mud own it ; and to reprefent him in O any *Mj iiFf ■ |,'M^ • K ( 98 ) any other Light, I am thoroughly fatisfied, is do- ing him barbarous Injuftice. Affidavit of T. Towns. Captain MiMeton^s Behaviour, as far as this De- ponent ever faw or heard, was very kind and mild. He never did threaten to punifli any Man for offer- ing his Mind with freedom about the Condu6t ufed in the intended Difcovery ; and he believes he had the Difcovery at heart above all things. Affidavit of Ulrich Von Sobriek. Captain Middleton's Treatment was very kind both to Officers and Men ; and nobody could take more Pains and Care in making all kinds of Obfer- vations, which might help towards a Difcovery ; as alfoininflruding others who were ignorant, to do the like. Affidavit of Grance Grant. He never heard, that the Captain threatened to punifh any one for fpeaking his Mind about the Difcovery; but on the contrary, he was always courteous in his Behaviour to his OfHcers, and kind to all, fometimes when they did not deferve it. Affidavit of T. Cooper. He never iieard, or was inform'd, of any high or h^rfh Words chat paded betweenCapt. MiddUton and any of his CfHcers ;or that he did in any wife threaten to punifh any Man for fpeaking his Mind about the Difcovery ; or that he threatned to break open any one's Chefl to come at Papers or Journals ; but that on the contrary, he was at all times mild to every body ; and that by his encouraging everyone under Difficulties and Hardfhips, this Deponent did and ftill does fincerely believe, that he carneltly defired to make and compleat the Difcovery. APPENDIX. APPENDIX. ■.*' r. TENDIX. By the dmmtjfvmvs for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain and Ireland, ^c, WHEREAS we have, in Obedience to his Majefty's Commands, ordered the Fur- iMftf Sloop, whereof you are Commander, to be Btted out in a proper Manner to proceed on a Voyage towards Hudforfs Strait, in order to attempt the Difcovery of a Pallage that Way into the Weftern American Ocean, and have appointed the Difcovery Pinky fVilliam Moor Mafter, f who is here- by required and directed to follow your Orders) to attend you on that Service, you are hereby required and direfted, fo foon as the faid Sloop and Pink are ready for the Sea, to fall down to the Nore^ and when they have been paid what is due to their Companies, to proceed to Leith^ and deliver the inclofed Packet to Captain Holburne^ Commander of his Majefty's Ship the Dolphin^ containing Or- ders to the faid Captain to proceed in Company with you, as far as the Iflands of Orkney^ for your better Security againft the Privateers of the Enemy, faid to be cruifing thereabouts. You are accordingly to proceed in Company with the faid Ship Dolphin as far as the aforefaid Iflands, and then to make the beft of your Way with the Sloop and Pink under your Command to- wards Hudfon*s Strait, and after pafTing the fame, to proceed to Carefs Swan's Neft \ and then fteer Norch-wefterly, fo as to fall in with the O 2 Norih- %■ VAf-' ^ 4|; \h: mi I ii ■' l! < i f if '■' m \i\ 'i ( 100 ) North-weft Land at Sir ^omas Roe*s Welcome^ or ne ultra, near the Latitude of 6$ Degrees North. You are there to make the beft Obfervations you can of the Heighth, Direction and Courfe of the Tides, bearing of the Lands, Depth and Sounds .jngs of the Sea, and Shoals, with the Variation of the Needle. When you come up yfith PFhalehorte Point in 6^* you are to try the beft Paftage in doubling that Land, whether to Eaftward or Weftward, in cafe it be an Ifland •, and on which Side foever you meet the Tide at Flood, to diredt your Courfe fo as to meet the Tide, whether North-wefterly or South- wefterly. If after, in doubling that Cape, you find either a Strait or an open Sea, you are to keep on your Courfe, ftill meeting the Tide of Fl6od j and if it be fo wide as to lofe Sight of Land, then keep to the Larboard or American Shore, fteering South- wefterly, fo as to take the Bearings of the Lands, and Soundings ; and obferve whether there are any Inlets, Bays, or Rivers, to fheker the Ships, in cafe bad "Weather, or contrary Winds, oblige you to take Harbour ; and there make the beft Plans you can of fuch Harbours, and the Charts of the Coaft. . You muft make no Stay any where, whilft Wind and Weather permits, (except in making Obferva* tions for your Safety in your Return) until you get to the Southward of 6o Degrees North ; and then, if you continue to find an open Sea, make more careful Obfervations of the American Coaft or Iflands, and of the Head-rlands, Bays, and Rivers, until you make the Latitude of 50 Degrees, or any more foutherly Latitude, in cafe you find it convenient to winter on the weftern Side oi America ; but if you Ihould find it more convenient to return into the foy to winter, or can make your PalTage home in I Timei i ' ! ( lOI ) Time, after making a Difcovery of the PalTage to the Weftern jimerican Ocean, (which is more cli- giblej in order to profecute the Difcovery to Ad- vantage next Seafon, then you need proceed no far- ther foutherly than 50 or 60 Degrees Latitude^ and make all proper Obfervations of the Tides, Bays, Head-lands, Shoals, and Rocks on both Sides, if the Paflage be narrow, or on which ever Side the Wind and Weather permits you, with the Variation, or any other curious Obfervations you can make. If you find any Inhabitants upon the Coaft, or any populous Nations to the Southward, you are to endeavour by all proper Means, to cultivate a Friendlhip and Alliance with them, prefenting them with fuch Trifles as they value, and fhewing them all poffible Civility and Refpedb ; but to take Cau- tion, if they be numerous, not to let yourfelf be furprized, but to be conflantly, on your Guard againil any Accidents. If you Bnd it proper to winter on the other Side of the Pafiage, get to a warm Climate not more northerly than 42 D. in fome fafe Harbour, that may be of Ufe in a future Settlement ; and rather in an Idand, if there be a good Harbour, which would be fafer than on the Cbntinent for an infant Settlement. If your Place of wintering is within a proper Diilance to be fupplied by the Natives on the Con- tinent, take proper Seeds, of Fruit-Trees, Plants, Grain and Pulfe, and fow them in the Spring, or in cafe you find any civilized Nation, who want fuch Kinds, you may prefent ibme to them, and make them fcnfible of their Ufe and Manner of Culture. In Places where you meet with Inhabitants, make Purchafes with their Confent, and take Poiieffion of : m ^A: 'i-U V ^ ^;^; !■ «. ■I jj! ( 102 ) of convenient Situations in the Country, in the Name of his Majefty of Great Britain, But where there are no Inhabitants, you muft take Fofledion by fetting up proper Infcriptions, ^ Hrit Difcoverers and PofTeuors. If in your Paliage you meet with any Ships trading to the weftern Countries, eaftward of Japaut or any Japanezs Ships, and you apprehend any Danger from them, either from their Force or Number, you are to proceed no farther in the Dif- covery, but immediately to return, that Ships of fufficient Force may be fent out next Seafon, to be- gin a Trade, or make a Settlement, without any Apprehenfion of Difturbance from any powerful Nation on that Side, left any Accident fiiould pre* vent your Return, and difcourage any further At- tempts to be made for the future. If you fhould arrive at Califorma without any Apprehenfion of Danger, and chufe to winter in 42 D. (where Caxton is faid to have found a civi- lized Nation and good Harbour) or more foutherly, then endeavour to meet Captain Anfon in the Month of December^ before the Arrival of the Manila Ship at Cape St, LucaSj the fouthern Cape of California^ and leave a Copy of your Journal with him, lelt any Accident (hould happen to you upon your Re- turn, ' and fo the Difcovery be loft, and it might prevent Ships being fent out to your Relief in cafe of Shipwreck. But for as much, as in an Undertaking of this Nature, feveral Emergencies may arife, not to be forefeen, and therefore not fo particularly to be pro- vided for by Inftrudions beforehand, you are in fuch Cafe to proceed, as, upon Advice with your Officers, you ihall judge may be moft advantageous to the Service on wliich you are employed. When you return home, you are to proceed in- to the River of Thames^ and lend our Secretary an Accounc ( 103 ) Account of your Arrival and Proceedings, fcrour Information. Given under our Hands the 20th of Cha. Wagerj Tho.Frankl^P, Glenorchy, 90 C4/M1V Middleton, Commander of His Ma- jeftft Sloop tbt Furnace. Deptford. r M By Command of their LordfHips. nomas Corhttf, II. By the Coffmjioners for executing the Office of Lord High-Admiral of Great Britain and Ireland^ &c. YO U are hereby required and direfted during the Courfe of your intended Voyage, not to give any Difturbance or Moleftation to any of the Ships or Sloops employ'd in the Service of the Hud- fon*S'Bay Company, but to give them all Protection and AfTiftance that lies in your Power, whenever any Opportunities offer of your being ferviceable to them. Given under our Hands the 29th of May, 1741, Cha. Wager, Verb Beauclerk, Glenorchy. 79 Capt. Middleton, Commander of His Majeftfi Sloop Furnace. By Command of their LordfhipsJ Thomas Corhttt. m: b/' ( 104 ) E< i ll i III. HudfonVBay Compatrj^ to their Governor Mr, James Duffield, and Hudibn's-Bay Houfe London Coutt' fel at Moofe BJmer Fortf May the 30/^, 1741. Gentlemen, NOcwithfbnding our former Orders to you, if Capt. MiddUton (who is fent abroad into the Governments Service to diicover a Paflage to the North-weft) fhould be obliged to refort to you, you are then to give him the bed AQiftance in your Power. We remain, ..vw> Tour loving Friendsy BibyeLake, Gov. *?:«;:r By Capt, Chriftopher Middleton, Commander of his Majeftfs Ship Furnace. WHjsreas I ordered you and the Ma^^r to found in the Channel on the north Side of the iUands in this River, and to look out for a Har- bour for the Ships near the Mouth thereof, but finding by your Report, that there is nqne to.be found on the north Side, and the River being very full of Ice, there was no approaching t^e fouth Side ; it alfo having been hinted to me, that ;here was fome hopes of a Paffage or Inlet into the Sea, from the Rifings of the Tides at or near Deer Sounds black Whales having been feen thereabouts, and it being impoffible to move the Ships with Safe- ty, while fuch Bodies of Ice are now in the River, and continue to drive with the Tides; you and the Matter are hereby required and dire<9ted to take the fix-oar'd Boat, and proceed up the River fVager as far as Deer Sound before-mentioned, and to be as particular as may be of the Flux of the Tides, their Direfbion and Height at that Place and near it, and particularly to note whether the Flood in the River Deer Sound comes frpm this River or feme other, and to make ftri^b Enquiry, whether the black Whales can have any other Paliage from the m V' ml in nui\ (no) the Sea into this River, than that where his Ma- )e(Vy's Ships Furnace and Difcovery came in at, and fo report to me, under your Hands, at your He- turn, which is to be as Ipeedy as the Nature of the Service you are ordered upon will permit, what Ob- fervations you make thereof, and for fo doing this fhall be your fufficient Warrant. Dated on board his Majefty's Ship Furnace^ the 27th Day of 7«/y 1742. Cbrippher MMeton, To Lieuttttant John Rankin, and Robert Wilfon, Mafttro/His Majtftft Ship, Furnace. V-i X. f^h . % ;l ^ me Ueutenanfs and Mafter*s Report^ Purfuantto an Order from Capt. Chriftopher Middle- ton, Commander of his Majejifs Ship the Furnace, hearing Date the 2 jtb of July, 1 742. WE, whofe Names are hereunto fubfcrib'd, took the Furnace's nx-oar*d Boat, and went from Savage Sounds where his Majefty^s Ships Fur* nace and Difcovery then lay ; and on the 28 th, at one in the Morning, arriv'd at Deer Sounds where we tried the Tide, and found the Flood to come into that Place from the River IFager^ and rofe at that time ten Feet. At fix o'CIock the fame Morn- ing we left Deer Sounds (where we put the two northern Indians zQiort to kill fome Deer for our lick Men) and failed for a high bluff Land on the N. W. Side of the River Wager, Our Courfe from the Iflands on the north Side of Deer Sound to the high bluff Land, was N. W. b. N. by Compafs ; we founded frequently, and had no Ground with a Line of fixty-eight Fathoms all the way over. When we were a-breaft of the high bluff Land, we fteer'd W. N. W. ( "1 ) W. N . W. keeping the Mid-channel, and ftill found no Ground at 98 Fathom, except nigh Tome Iflands that lay in the fair Way about one third over the River^ and 30 Fathoms within a League of one of them. This Cburfe we kept till we got about 15 Leagues from Deer Sounds but finding the Tide or Fre£ againft us, and the Wind coming fair, we were afraid to (lay any longer, for fear of hinder- ing the Ships from going to Sea*, however, we came to a Grapnell with the Boar, and went upon a high mountainous Land, where we had a very fair View of the River. From thence we faw a great Run or Fall of Water between the fuppos'd main Land and the aforefaid Iflands, very narrow, feem- ingly not a Mile broad, and about a League from where the Boat lay } but to the northwards we dif- covered a large ColJeftion of Water, in which were feveral Iflands, and high mountainous Land on both Sides of it, the wed: Side having many blufFPoints, and broken Land. In our Return towards the Ships, and not far from Deer Soundy we faw feveral large black Whales, of the Whalebone kind, fome of which came very near the Boat. So that upon the whole, we think there may be fome other Paf&ge into the Sea from the River Wager^ befides that which his Majefty's Ships Furnace and Difcovery came in at, and imagine there is a great Probability of an Opening or Inlet into the Sea, fomewhere on the eaft Side thereof, tho' we cannot fix the Place. Given under our Hands this firft Day of Auguji^ 1742. John Rankin^ Robert fVilfon. r V ] XL r i;'! I i l;^ .: i \. ^ ! I !i ; • 1^ ;, : nS f 112 ) A fa Council held the 8 th Day of Akgu^^ 1742^ on Board His Majefty's Ship Furnace, . J >■;.■» j»j 'd- I '^ P R E S E N T, Capt. Chriftop. Midileton^ Prtfdent, Wm. Moor, Mailer and Commander of the Difcovery, John Rankin, Lictitenant, Robert JVilfin^ Mafter, i« ■ 'yritr trvj^ > agreed to, viz. Atigvft the jd, if^i, Unmoor'd and failed oiitof Wager River, that River and the Straits being pretty dear of Ice, in p'Jrfuit of our Difcovery. The 4th having contrary Winds and Calms, made but little Northing. On the 5th by Noon, got into the La- titude of ^S^ 14', but met with much Ice and ftrong Tides. The fame IDay in the Evening, we difco- vered on the north Side of our new Straits, a Cape or Head Land, bearing N, the Land on the foutli' Side lyeth E. b. N. and W. b. S. and dn the other Side N. b. W. which gave us all great Joy and Hopes of its being the extream north Part oi Ame- rica, We could fee little or no Land to the north- ward of it^ and de^p Waters, very high Land, and ftrong' Tides, when we were 4 or 5 Leagues fliort of it. This Cape. Middleton named Cape Hope: We turn'd or work'd round it the fame Night, and got 5 Of" 6 Leagues to the N. by W. before we could fee any other wife than fair and wide Straits ; but the 6th Day about Noon, after having got into the Latitude of 66^ 40 , found we were embay*d, and by -2 in the Afternoon, could not go above 5 Leagues farther, having tried the Tides all the Forenoon ( "3) Forenobn till 2 o*Clock in the Afternooiij but found neither Ebb nor Flood, yet deep Water. From this it was concluded, that we had overfhot the Straits on the north Shore, where we found ftrong Tides that came from the E. b. S. but ap- parently no Paflage 5 and as there was no proceed- ing above 3 or 4 Leagues farther, it was agreed upon by all to return back and fearch narrowly for the Straits, by finding from whence the Floods came. On the 7th, at 10 in the Forenoon, after we were confirmed the Flood came in on the north Side from E. b. S. Capt. Middleton went on Shore in the Boar, and found it flowed 15 Feet three Days after the Full, and a W. b. S. Moon made high Water. Capt. Middleton, together with the Gunner and Carpenter (who were two of the Boat's Crew, many of our People being very ill) went 12 or 15 Miles on the fouth Side of thefe Straits, and on the highefl Hills they could find^ faw the Pallage that this Flood came in at, the Mountain they flood upon being pretty near 9 Leagues from the Entrance of this Strait out of the Bay the Ships were in, and from whence they could fee about 12 or 15 Leagues farther ; but for the 1 8 or 20 Leagues, it was fafi: with Ice not yet broke up, and running away S. E. and S. S. E. by Compafs, with very high Land on both Sides, about 4 Leagues broad in the narrow- ed, and about 6 in the wideft Part, with above 20 fmall Idands in the Middle and Sides, and it being then the 7th of Auguft, and no Appearance of its clearing this Year, and near the 67th Degree of Latitude, no anchoring the Ship, being very near deep Water clofe to the Shore, and much large Ice driving with the Ebb and Flood j but little Room if thick Weather Ihould happen, which we could not but exped very loon, having had much clear Weather ; for which Reafons it is agreed upon to make the beft of our w.iy out of this cold, dangerous Q . and B'?5i"J ■ \\ '} 'H- ., i ■: m ( "4 > \ and narrow Strait, and to make farther Obfcrva- tions between the Latitude of 64^ and 63^, on the north Side of the Welcome^ having feen large Open- ings, broken Land and Iflands, with llrong Tides, but had not Opportunity of trying from whence the Flood came in our Paflage hither. Given under our Hands this 8 th Day of Auguft^ 1742. I , :!i^ I m • il *rl '! i ' 'I i li * I i • ^•1 , , ;.^ Chrijlopher Middktoti^ «;,.,, John Rankin^ _ jV. -f . > ■■ Jf'^illiam Moor^ [ .','n,fH Robert mifoHy ; ., i,,.v. ^ George Axe^ 1 ,, I^ :,i 7^i&» Hodgfon. XII. y^ Co/>v ^/ an AbftraSl of our Journal from Churchill on the Difcovery to our Arrival at the Orkneys on hoard his Majefiy's Ship Furnace, fent to the Ad- miralty^ the l^avyy and to Mr. D — in Ireland. I Sailed from Churchill the firft Day of July, being the firft Spurt of Wind I could get for failing out of the Harbour, and continued failing with a fair Wind, till the third ; when we faw an Ifland, the two Extremities bearing N. b.E. and E. b.N. lying in the Latitude of 63*^ 00' north, and Lon- gitude from Churchill 3^ 40' eaft, which I take to be the fame which Fox named Brook Cobham. On the fifth Day, I faw a Head Land on the north Side of the Welcome, bearing N. W. b. N. feven or eight Leagues diftance, in the Latitude of 63^ 20, and Longitude fromChurchill 4^ oc eaft. Here I tried the Tides feveral times, and found clofe in with the Land the Tide to run two Miles an Hour from the N. b. E. which I take to be the Flood, and by the Slacks, from feveral Trials, I found that a Welt or a W. b. N. Moon made high Water, having a I full ("5) full Moon that Day. On the 8 th Day, faw the north Side of the M^ekomey with much Ice in Shore. I tried the Tide, and found it fet E. N. E. two Fa- thoms. On the ninth, continuing my Courfe, and failing through much Ice, I was obliged at length to grapple to a large Piece. The Tender did the fame to keep off from the Shore, the Wind blowing us right upon it. I tried the Tide frequently, and could difcover neither Ebb nor Flood by my current Log. Here we were fafl: jamm'd up in Ice, being totally furrounded for many Miles, and the Wind fetting it right upon us, it was all Ice for ten Leagues to Windward, and were in great Danger of being forc'd a-fhore *, but it happily falling calm, after we had lain in this Condition two or three Days, the Pieces of Ice feparated, or made fmall Openings, we being then within two Miles of the Shore, and with no little Difficulty haul*d the Ships from one piece to another, till we got amongft what we call Sailing Ice ; that is, where there are fuch Intervals of Water, as a Ship, by feveral Traverfes, may get forwards towards the intended Courfe. In this manner we continued till we faw a fair Cape or Head Land to the northward of Whalebone-Pointy in the Latitude of 6^^ lo' N. and Longitude from Churchill 8 ° 54 Eaft. This I named, after my wor- thy Friend, C^/>^ Dobbs, I had very good Soundings between the two Shores of the Welcome^ having 46, 48, and 49 Fathoms Water. At the fame time that I faw Cape Dobbs, I faw a fair Opening bearing N. W. which, according to my Inftrudlions, I flood in for among the failing Ice. It was juft Flood when we entered it ; the Tide running very ftrong» which, by Obfervations afterwards, I found to run five or fix Miles an Hour. I run over fome Rocks on the north Side of it very luckily, being jufl high Water, and anchored in about 34 Fathoms j but as foon as the Tide of Ebb was made, it ran fo ,Qa ftrong» ' I ti i f' f , I ■ i : i b • ,r 'Wi ;' ( n6^ ftrong, and fuch Quantities and Bodies of Ice came down upon us, that we were obliged to ftecr the Ship all the time, and keep all Hands upon their Guard with Ice-poles to fliove off the Ice 5 notwith- ftanding which it brought our Anchor home, and taking hold again, one of the Arms of the Anchor was broke off. The next day, I fent my Lieutenant in the Boat tofeek out fomefecurer Place for the Ships, it being impoflible to keep a-float where we were. Some UJkh may Savages came off to us, but had nothing to trade, I us*d them civilly, made them fome Pre. fents, and difmifled them. As foon as I got the Ships fecur'd, I employ *d all my Officers and Boats, having myfelf no little Share in the Labour, in trying the Tides, and difcovering the Courfe and Nature of this Opening, and after repeated Trials for three Weeks fucceffively, I found the Flood con- ftantly to come from the eaftward, and that it was a large River we were got into, but fo full of Ice, I there was no ftirring the Ships, with any probability of Safety, while the Ice was driving up and down with the ftrong Tides. Here I lay not a little im- patient to get out; went leveral times in my Boat towards the Mouth of the River, and from a Hill that over-look'd Part of the IVelcome^ faw that Place full of Ice ; fo that I found there was no time loft by our being in Security 5 however, I fent my Lieutenant and Mailer in the eight-oar'd Boat to I'jok out for a Harbour near the Entrance of the River, but they found none, and it was a fmall Miracle they got on board again ; for they were fo jamm'd up with Ice, which driving, the ftrong * Tides would inevitably have flovethe Boat to-pieces, and all mull have perifhed, had it not been for an Opening in . a large Piece of Ice, into which they got the Boat, and with it drove out of the River's Mouth i but when the Tides lack'd, the Ice openM ( "7 ) as ufual, and they row'd over to the north Shore, {o got in with the Flood. I feveral times fent the Indians on Shore, to fee if they knew any thing of the Land ^ but they were quite ignorant of it. In this vexatious Condition I continued for 3 Weeks, refolving to get out the firft Opportunity the Ri- ver was any thing clear of Ice, and make what Dif- coveries I could by meeting the Flood-Tide. This River, which, by frequent Trials of the Lands, Soundings, Tides, ^c, I was able to take a Draught of, I nam'd the River JVager^ after the Right Ho- nourable Sir Charles Wager^ &c. On the third oi Augufty the River for the firft time was a little clear of Ice, and accordingly in purfuit of our Difcovery, and on the fifth by Noon got into the Latitude of 66^ 14. We had then got into a new Strait, much pefter*d with Ice, and on the north Side of which we faw a Cape or Head Land bearing north -, we had deep Water, and very ftrong Tides Within four or five Leagues of it. I nam'd this Head Land Cape Hope^ as it gave us all great Joy and Hopes of its being the extreme north Patt of America^ feeing little or no Land to the northward of it. We turned or worked round it the fame Night, and got five or fix Leagues to the N. b. W. before we could perceive any otherwife than a fair and wide Opening ; but about Noon the fixth Day, after having got into the Latitude of 66° 40', found we were imbay'd, and by two in the Afternoon could not go above three Leagues farther, and having tried the Tides, all the Fore- noon, every two Hours till two o'clock in the Af- ternoon, found neither Ebb nor Flood, yet deep Waters. From this it was concluded, that we had over-fhot the Straits on the north-eaft Shore, from whence the Flood came 5 and as there was no pro- ceeding above 3 or 4 Leagues further, it was agreed upon by all to return back and fearch narrowly for . c Hl^i if It ir i. i I i! ( "8 ) a Strait or Opening near where we found the ftrong Tides. On the fcventh, after we were confirmed the Flood came in at the north-eaft from the E. b. S, I went on Shore in the Boat, and found it flowed 15 Feet, three Days after the Full, and a W. b. S. Moon made high Water, I travelled twelve or fifteen Miles from Hill to Hill inland, till (came to a very high Mountain, from whence I -plainly faw a Strait or Opening the F'iood came in at, and the Mountain I flood upon being pretty near the Middle of this Strait, I could fee both Ends of it ; the whole being about 18 or 20 Leagues long, and 6 or 7 broad, and very high Land on both Sides of it, having many fmall IQands in the Middle and on the Sides of it; but it was all froze faft from Side to Side, and no Appearance of its clearing this Year, and near the 67 th Degree of Latitude, and no anchoring the Ships, being very deep Water clofe to the Shore, and much large Ice driving with the Ebb and Flood, and but little Room if thick Wea- ther fliould happen, which we continually expe<5t in thefe Parts ; it was agreed upon in Council to make the befl; of our way out of this dangerous narrow Serair, and to make Obfervadons between the 64th and 62d Degree of Latitude. The Frozen Strait I take to run towards that which Bylot named Cape Comfort ; and the Bay where Fox had named a Place Lord Wefton^s Portland. It is in the Latitude of 6S° 40', and 12^ 49 eaft from Churchill. Purfuant to the Refolution we bore away, and tried the Tides on the other Side the IVelcome^ -founding and obferving clofe in fhore, but met with little Encouragement. On the nth oi Auguft. I once more faw the Lland of Brook Cobham^ and f continued trying the Tide, and ftill finding the Flood came from the eadward, and by coafting a- ■ long the Wtlcome^ was certain of its being the main Land, tho* there ace feveral fmail IQands and deep L ' € Bays, ■\ ^ if ^1^:fli' ( "9) Bays, and faw feveral black Whales oF tlie right Whalebone kind. I work'd off and on by Brook Cobhamy fent the northen Indians a-fhore upon the Ifland, who, at their Return, gave me to under- ftand it was not far from their Country, and defir'd I would let them go home, being tired of the Sea, I kept them with Affu ranees, that I would aft ac * cording to my Promife ; and finding no Probabi- lity of a Paffage in two or three Days after, I gave them a fmali Boat, well fitted with Sails and Oars, the Ufe of which they had been taught, and loaded it with Fire- Arms, Powder, Shot, Hatchets, and every thing defirable to them. They took their leave of me, and I fent another Boat for Water, which accompanied them a-lhore, the fouthern In- dian being with them. The fouthern Indian^ who was Linguift for the northern ones, returned with the Boat, being ufed to the Englijh Cuftoms at the Factory, and defirous of feeing England., being a willing handy Man, I brought him with me. And the fame Evening, which was the 15th of Augufl^ I bore away for England^ thinking to have tried the Tide at Carey*s Swan's Neft, but could not fetch it. On the 20th faw Manfel*s Ifle. On the 21ft Cape DiggswsLS in fight. On the 26th made Cape Refo- lution^ and arrived at Cairfton in Pomona., one of the Iflands of Orkney \ moll of my Men being fo very much affiided with the Scurvy, and otherwife fick and diftempered, that I fhall be obliged to leave Part of them behind me, and only wait to imprefs Hands to carry the Ships fafe to London. For the Particulars, I muft refer you to my Journal and Draught. I lliall fend to the Admiralty, this Sheet of Paper being not fufHcient for the particular Ac- cidents. W ^\i. : I' ' , f If'M > V I' . '■A t ■ Ml ^' 'J I If : i' ' l;tM iifl f ' nni-i. . ^^-i. ' \ , ■4 ! I ,' ( 120 ) ^ . . XIII. . w ubat ,t9 Dear Sir i ,\a ^^\^ri^^^uy^^ i I Had both yours from Orkneys, and tJie Dupli- cate you wrote when you arrived in the Thames, which I immediately anfwer'd from Ltjbum, con- gratulating you upon your fafe Arrival with the Ships after fo dangerous a Difcovery ; and at the fame time, exprefllng my Concern at your not hav- ing found the PaiTage, as we had reafon to have ex- pected it, if you had found things agreeable to the former Journals. I direded for you as formerly in London-ftreety near Ratctiff-crofs, but found by a Letter I had from Mr. Allan lad Night, that you have not got my Letter. Since I have not a Dl^ plicate of what I wrote, 1 (hall now again mention the chief Points I wrote to you before to be refolved in, and defire your Anfwer and Opinion upon the whole, and hope you will dill fend me the Copy of your Journal, and the Draught you made of what you di(covered. I am convinc'd from the Extraft you have fent me of your Journal, that from the Welcome in 64', to the Latitude of 67^, there are no Hopes of a Paffage on that Coaft ; and if there is any, it muft be further north, and confequently attended with more Difficulty, this feems to be afcertained by your finding fo large a River as that of H^ager to the northward of Whalebone-Pointy and the Cape you have honoured me with the Name of; and if thefrelh Stream there is large, the Continent through which it runs muft be fo much the broader in that Place. I Ihould have been glad to have one of your northern Savages underftand the Language of the EJkimaux Savages which came on board you, for they might then have given you fome Account of that Country and neighbouring Sea, if any near it ^L.anQiQ Yveftward. . jt - You I. bm- • - I - . 1 the Dupli- the Thames J 'Jjbum^ con- vral with the ; and at the our not hav- n to have ex- ;eable to the 3 formerly in found by a ;ht, that you ve not a Du* gain mention :o be refolved lion upon the 2 the Copy of nadc of what '■ > ,•■ ■■ •• ■■ '■ 'ou have fent dcome in 64<*, ) Hopes of a any, it muft ittcnded with ained by your Vager to the he Cape you ,nd if the frefli hrough which in that Place. one of your guage of the ard you, for le Account of if any near it You (F2f) You obfcrvcd, that a W. b. N. Mobrt rtiadc higli^ Water, and a W. b. S. above Cape Hope \ti66^ 4<>V confequently the Tide at the IVekme itiuft flo#^ from the other as it is later if but yoU hot alcqu^Silt-^ ing me, whether the Lands to the Eailward, df Starboard, as yod failed north, were Cbntinuouls Iflands^ makes me at a lof^ to know Whether thtf Tide there came from the eaftward or from the north-caibvard by Cape Hope, and the ft^ Sti^it you difcovered from the Mountain, through whlcK the Tide came, from near Cape Comfort ori Weftfdrl'^ Portlandy where the Strait you faw endfedi Uo^ the Difficulty I find in accouritirtg for this, tmkei me defire your Opinion upon it; you have confirmed that a W. b. N. Moon makerf high W4ter at th6 Welcom^y and a W. b. S. above Cape Hope, Byht I and Baffin affirm, that a S. by £. Moon makes high Water at Cape Comfort \ if that be fa(5t, can the Tide, in fo fmall a Way^ frbm Cape CotHfort to your Bay above Cape Hi^e^ be eight Points later, and only two Points later in going from Cape Hopi to the iVekome, fince you wbre there as near Cape \Comfm as the H^etcomey ihd therefore as the Strait you (kw Was made up of broken Lands, or IHandsl to the norch-eadward, whether around thiefe Iflands anortherti Tide might not have fet about fome of thefe Head-lan$Js, as well as a fouth-eaftern Tide from Hudfofi^s Strait ?— — I alfo defire your Opi- |nion, whether the great Quantity of Ice you found near the fTelcome, not mentioned by Fofc or Scroggf, was caufed by the Winter's having been more fc* vere there than ufual, or whether you imagine it was the ufual Quantity which is there every Year i and fince you faw black Whales at the fp^elcome, from whence do you imagine they came, (ince none have lever been mentioned to have been feen pafTing or rc- jpaffing Hudfon*s Strait ? Thefe were the chief, hing I would have had your Opinion upon. But R - a* \ .V fe'' ■^m ■ m f r ?F' ^ i p. -1 r.ui ■) ■»! I W I 'i si I j '.<■' ^' i'i! .'■■, u ( i22 ) as upon the whole, I apprehend it would be in vain CO pufh it any farther that way ; I think the only fafe way now, is by the Rivers of Nelfon^ or Churchill^ by going up to their End, from thence defcending fuch Rivers as fall from thence into the Weftern Ocean. This can only be done by laying open the Trade, and diflblving the Company for fofar, and then making proper Settlements higher up upon thefe Rivers to the fouth-weflward in a more temperate Climate ; and therefore I defn *d your Af- fiilance, if you approv'd of it, to inform me as much as you could of thefe Rivers and inland Coun- tries, with their Climates, and what Advantages we might haye by making Settlements up thof: Ri- vers, in the Bottom and weftern Side of the Bay, which muft enlarge our Trade, and fecure our Set- tlements there f roni the French, and regain the Trade which has been loft to them by the Mono- poly of the Company.- As this, fince the other has failed, would be a publick Benefit, I have been preparing all I canto inforce it, an) fliould be glad to have what further Accounts or Materials you can I furnifh me with, from any Journals you have had, or Accounts of thefe Climates, Countries, and Trade, and then I fhall make no^ doubt of ingaging the MerchatHs to join us in opening that Trade, and | ftttling thofe Countries. ^! L^ft this ihould mifcarry, as well as my laft, 1 1 have inclofed! it to Mr. Allan to deliver to you, and! hope to have your Anfwer as foon as you can conve- niently, with your Journals and Draught. ^-; Iwifti you Health and Profperity in all your Un- dertakings, and am, with great Efteem, n; ^qj « ^^'-'"^ r Bear Sir, >*^ ?* '%.>(r Tour jjjofl obedient humble Servant, pubilin, November . . ^ , loth, 1743. . ^■...,.., L^ A' I I. D' " M 'y ' a' -. X1V.1 ( »23 ) .1 ; XIV. I SiRy ^ bitation, before it was forwarded to me ; and I (hall tranfmic you the Chart, together with the Journal, and other Obfervations, by the firft convenient Op- portumcy. In the mean time, I fhall give you the beftSatisBiction I am able, with relation to the Dif- ficulties that have occur'd to you. And firlt, it is to be noted, that all the Land along the eaft Side of \!aRWtk(me, from 64^ of Latitude to the Frozen Straits, is one continued level Land, fomewhat like Dungenefs^ low and Ihingly. The great Tides you mention, which flow up the River ^^f^r, and off Cape DeUs,: come all from the ir^z^w Straits, £. b. N. by Compais, according to the Courfe of the Dew Strait, that we paffed between Cape Dobbs and. Cape Hope, the mean Variation between the faid Capes 40? wefterly, and makes the true Courfe of this Strait neareft N. 40^ eafterly ; the (aid Strait ends to the weft ward of ..C• I; *, '??•■ 1 ■■ I' i: if! ' ■V; #Cijiil fieed only obTerve toybu, that at Cburcbiil, all ^e Winter, the Tide ebbs and flows up the River in the fame manner as if there wks n6 lor, beinft lifctid every Tide of Flood hiotn la to 18 Feet, aH except what is faft to the Gronnd, and falls again upon the Ebb, though 8 Or 9 Fctrt thick. Now clofe to the north End of the frozen Straits, is 100 Fathoms of Water or more,rand probably! that Depth may continue the whole Lengthy and then there is Paflage free for the FIckkj and Ebb to pals without Kfting} buclobferved this Ice was ali cracked round the Shores, and on the Iflandat ChurchHi, Vvw You feienn to be at a \o& how to account for the black Whales getting to Brook Cebbams if they do not pais and repafs by Hudfin's Straits : Now, 'tis true, I never faw any above 20 Leagues up Hud- feti^s Straits V but I have traded with Indians off Noitiffgbam and Diggs^ for Whalebone, juft frelh taken |.- for my own part, I cannot think thefe Whales con»e round Ctry'sySwan's-Neftyhnt thro* the F^ikea Straits under the Ice ; for we faw many of them tn ff^ager River, and in 6g^ Latitude, and thefe may not come through Hud/en's Straits, but to the northward, as ali the north Side of Hudforfi Straits appear to be broken Land and Idands ; and Cumberland Bx^^ Baffin^sBaY^ and Straits l><^/j may have a Communicatk)n with this new Frozen Straits, and Whales, 0?^. may come from thence. { lit is hardly poflibly to account for the Difficult ^e&' about the Tides ; for though it flows E. S. £. at ]^efoluii9n^ and S. b. E, at Cape Diggs^ which makes five Points in running 130 Leagues; yet it is but one Point in going down to yilbony and Mooje River, for there it flows fouth, and the Pifbtnce 250 Leagues, 1 K • So rs, which makes ( »»s ) «^ So foam Hmmkr to Cromer^ on the Vneckfliir^ Coaft (as I mentioiied formeHy) it but 14 Leaguei, and at one PlacT/ie fl^wSiW. b. & at the other N. W. Likipwife from the ir«w» Straits to Cburcb* ill is bOt^ two P6inti difference, orione Hoiir and half of titnd^ in the Dittanoe of 200 Leagues; fb that I think no Rule can be Hxed, where Tides flow into deep Biy^ obftru^ted b^ IHandi orXbun- tcr Tkles* j <.: ,r, • , . The ! Ice I met within the Wtk&me^ was mod of it to the northward of all the Parts iottfore <)i(cover'd y fo that none who went befibro me epukl have feen it ; for mod of it lay to the north of Whakhone- Point i and every Year is not alike, with refpeft to Wind bringing it to the fouthward ; and it is entirely dire^ed by the Winds here, as well as in all other Ports of the Bay. In our way to Churchill^ there was lefs Ice than ufuaUy happens rand it was alfo fooner clear m the Spring, by 15 Days than com- mon. •'iii"i;i2;i «r 1 1% ■■ . i-,i,'i. ^«*-v,rt^1. oyMi. ' Vv J Undoubtedly there is no Hope oft Pa(&ge to tn* courage any further Trial between CburchiU loid fo far as we have gone s and if there be any further to the northward, it mutft be impoiTible for the Ice, and the Narrownefi of any fuch Outlet, in 6y^ or 68^ of Latitude, it cannot be clear of Ice one Week in a Year, and many Years, as I apprehend, not dear at all. - h-^.-^ . In any other Attempts, I Ihall be glad to give you all: the AHidancel can,'and farnifh you with any other Informations that you may think needful to promote. your Defign ; but I hope never to ven* ture myfelf that way again. -v" i^?^av?t My Friends being out of the Admiralty, I find there will be a great deal of Difficulty to get any thing done for me in the Navy at prefent ; or to procure any other Recompence for my Lofs thefe two Summers in leaving the Hudfon's-Baj^ Service, where ii< ■},. i ? ill iill II m ' •v'"! .t\ ■ H I r "I: 1 («6) wh^e>I flibuld have .1400'/. in the Time that I have acquiflsd^ but 160/. in the Government's. I re-) maini with great Sincerity and Refpeft, ->•'* • ^t«. I mi4. Tour mtfi obet^ent htmtkk ISlervaittf j v t > Ch R ISTOP ITE R Mid D L'E TOKW t«r' . P;£; The EJkimamty and the Northern /»^//tf 01 I had with me, were utter Strangers to each other,- in Manners and Lan^age ; neither' c^ld I make thefe £^iVyMifir underftand me by the Vocabulary I had of the Language of chofe in Hudfin^s Straits, < •■ Dear Sir, ^l)=ir;»^*4^v^f.;l^^4j oj >i j^ni^r KiioniW I Have your laft Favour of the a^/th of OSiober, in Anfwer to the Difficulties I ftaned, which yoti have fully anfwered ; io that I am: fiilly convinced there can be no Pa(&geN.W. by Sea; as we feemed to have had Reafon to expedb; and therefore it would be very wrong to think of attempting it for the future. But I am dill of Opinion, that the Publick may have a great Advantage by the Hudf fiifs Bay Trade ; if it be laid open, and the Coun- try fetded higher up upon thefe great Rivers, which run into the Bay, by Moofe^ Albony^ the Severn^ the iV:j:vi.iJa^ .j'im:i:x^iXKr^ ;^aa ,YrQve of the Solutions i fent, in regard to the DifHculcies you propufed, and that you are convinced I have done all that was neceffary to put the Impaf- fability thro' thofe Seas to the Weftward out of QuelHon •, in fuch manner as^to render any Attempt needlefs for the future: but on the contrary, -I ihould (M29 ) Ifhould have been infihitely pleafed, had our Expe- dition fuccceded according to tiic Reafonablenefs of- your Ejfpcdadon. . , • •' I have fdrioufly confidered your Propofition of * [laying open the Hudfon^s Bay Xrade, and fettling the Country higher up, upon thofe great Rivera » I which runs into the Bay, and t ho* I may agree with » { you in the great Advantage thePublick would reap I from fuch a Settlement, (could it be made) in the ^ 0bltru6tioD it would give to the French^ both as to their Trade, andithe cutting off the Communicati- i on with the Mjftfippi^ yet I mufl: declare my Opi- | nion, that it is altogether impra6i:icable upon many ^ Accounts i . for I can*t fee where we could find People enough that would be willing, or able to undergo < the Fatigue of travelling thofe frozen Climates, or what Encouragements would be fuificient to make thetp attempt itr, with fuch dangerous Enemies on every Side ; no Europeans could undergo fuch Hard* fliips as thofe French that intercept the Englijh Trade, who are inui-ed to ir, and are called by us fVood^ VRunners (or Coureurs deBois) for they indu re Fa- tigues juft the fame as the native Indians^ with whom ' they have been mixed and intermarried for two, I three, or more Generations.- a As to the Rivers you mention, none of them are I navigable vith any thing but Canoes^ fofmall, that they carry but two Men, and they . are forced to make ufe of Land Carriages near the fourth Part of the Way, by reafon of Water-falls during that little [Summer they enjoy. Otu of 120 Men and Officers the Company have I in the Bay, not five are capable of venturmg in one of thofe Canoes, they are fo apt to overturn and 1 drown them. Many of our People have been twenty Years and upwards there, and yet are not dextrous enough to manage a Canoe 5 fo there would 'S-* be no tranfporting People that way. . $ Should «* HF- i!! ■iill ■u ml M' ; i.m ■','i.. ft 'i tl t >.# ;i . m I ! i { >30 ) Should there happen a Fr^»c^ War, the beft Step wc could take towards rooting them out of America^ ivould be, in the Brft Place, to take Canada \ which I make no Queftion might be done, if attempted in a proper Manner, and at a right Seafon of the Year. Had Sir Hovenden Walker fucceeded when he was fent upon that Expedition, it would undoubtedly have been of great Advant'■ ^ ->.,. Dear Sir, Lijburn^ January 22, 174 J. IN my laft to Samuel Smithy I inclofed one for Lord Carterety open for your Perufal, upon our Scheme of opening a Trade to the Bay, to which I refer you ; and in Sam*s Letter hinted at what I difcovcred from your Journal at large; that you have made a much greater Progrefs in the Difcovery of the Paflage, than you imagined when there; and that from the Lights I have got from your S 2 Journal,. \ ' !i^ B!» !• I.r* ( 132 ) Journal, I can almoft prove that you were in the PalTage, and that IVager River is properly /JTag-fr Strait, and not a frefh Water River j and that the Way you enter'd it was one, tho' not the greateft and eafiell way into the Strait: I only want yowr Chart of the whole new difcovered Coaft, to efta- blifh or contradidt my Judgment of it, which I am informed is come to Dublin^ but not yet fcnt to me. However, I can't delay imparting my prefent Thoughts of it, and my Reafons from your Jour, nal, to (hew you were in the Strait, but not in a frelh River ; and that the chief Caufe of your taking it for a River was frorh the quantity of Ice,: the ftraitnefs of the Tide, and its following you from the Eaftward, and not meeting the Flood from the "Weftward, which was one of the greateft Proofs we went upon, before you left us. Now this laft Objection is eafily anfwcred j that had the Ocean flowed in near Whalebone Point, as we at firflt ex- pc(51:ed, we muit then have expelled to have there- abouts met the Tide of Flood from the Weftward; b'jt fince we find the Communication is by a Strait, or PalTages thro' Iflands, and broken Lands, as in the Megelknick Straits i there the Tide continues to 'rife, until it meets the Tide from the other Ocean, and* the Flood is not to be expeded to meet US un- til we have at leaft got thro* half the Length of the Strait; and if you will look into Narborough's Ac- count of the Mageliamck Straits, you will find that 'd parallel Inftance. Thofe Straits are no where a- bove four Leagues wide, in tnoH places not above two Leagues, and in the narrow, at the Eaft En- trance, not above a League wide ; and yet he Went 'about fifty Leagues into the Straits, before he met the Wcftern Tide. Now you have full ftronger Reafons for pj^ager*s River being a Strait •, it was but fix or fcven Miles wide at the Entrance on the Eaft Side, and but from 1 (5 to 44 Fathom deep \ as ( 133 ) ds you went up^ it increafed to four, five, fix, and feven Leagues i^ide 5 Deer Souhd, ffiven Miles wide, goes off from it, and probably others rtot mentioned in the Journal ; fince the Lieutenant, when he was laft up 12 Leagues above it, fays, he tried every other Inlet, to try if he could meet a contrary Tide, or other Paflage out, and the Depth increafed to 70 and 80 Fathoms j your mentiomflg alfo the Height and Craggincfs of the Coaft, and not mentioning their being covered with Snow, tho* 70U mention that Btook Cobbam was, makes xht tonciude that they were not covered with Snbwf and there being neither Trees nor Grafs ftill confirms- me, that the whole was a Strait of fait Water, and that you were not come into frelh Water ; but the Number of Whales and Fifli, feen as h^gh as he went, and none being feen below, nor where thfe Ships lay, in Savage Cove and Sound, is a Demonilration to me^ not only that it was fait Water, but alfo that they came in from the Weflward,and that you would have foutid lefs Ice the higher you went j becaufe the Whales could not come there, without a Paflage tolerably free from Ice, otherwife they would have come as far as where your Ships lay, but did not becaufe of the Ice ; and that mud be the Reaibn why you did not fee them, when you went up to Deer Sound, becaufe the Ice was not then- broke up where you were, as it was afterwards when the Lieutenant went up, and probably was much fooner up to the weftward 5 from the Whales alfo, which you faw in the Bay or Inlet between 63^ and 64^, and thofe feen by Fox in the fame Place, and by Scroggs in 64^ 8', and towards Whalebone- Pointy where they had no Ice, tho* you met a great deal there \ I conclude, there has been more Ice thrown in there this Year, than ufually is *, and that all that Coaflis a broken Coaft with Idands, and Inlets, as Cape Fulierton was, as mentioned by Scroggs 5 and A conic* if^i ■I r. 1 ; '■r J. I •I iJ'l MJ,< "*, .1 m ) i' lu. ■1 a ( '34 ) confcquently conclude, that the Whales came irito that Corner of the Bay, from the Upper End of that Strait you were in ; and that you happened into the moft northerly and narrow Entrance, into that Strait, and confeqiliently moil pefterM with Ice, and that the moft eafy and largeft Inlet is to the fouth- ward of WToakbone-Pointj becwixt that and the Head Land near Brook Cobbam in 63^ id. My Reafoning upon your Journal I would have you confider of 5 for I really think you have prov*d the Paflage, tho' you were not at once able to per- feft it what is only neceilary to fix or alter my Judgment, would be an Account of the Lieu- tenant's and Mafter*s Obfervations, the laft time they went up the Strait ; what Depths they had upon founding, what Breadth the Channel conti- nued, which Way it was directed, what Sounds went off from it on either Side ; a great deal^depends upon their Recolle£):ion of thefe things, as well as whether they met with more or lefs Ice, whether Snow upon the Land or not, for as to the Tides following them in a Strait it is no Objedion. If their Accounts confirm the others I have taken from the Journal, I think I may congratulate you upon your having found the fo-much-wifli'd-for Pafiage } and if it be one, am convinc'd the more foutherly Entrance , thro' which the Whales come into the Bay, will be free from Ice. 1 beg to have your Sentiment upon this, as foon as you can confider it, and have an Anfwer from your Ofiicers, for the Prefumption will be a great Inducement to open the Trade to the Bay ; and in a further Dif- covery, there needs no Wintering in the Bay, only getting there in the Middle of July^ and pufhing as far in the Strait as can be done in the Month oi /k- gufty and then returning in September home, which is better than wintering at Churchill^ until the Faf- C '35 ) fage through leads them to a warmer Climate on the other Side. '^r.jj I (hall add no more, but that I am with great Eftcem, Dear Sir, x-' ^I ' Tour moft obedient bumble Servant ^ \-i'n ■ .1 f,ii' A- .^j,» •»<' '. ■'] Tour Anfwer and Lord CarteretV, will determine my going over next Month, "^"^Tx Sir, YOURS I receiv'd of 22 January. And I alTo faw yours to Mr. Smitbj with the inclos*d to my Lord Carteret^ upon opening the Trade to the Bay. You fay, I have made a much greater Fiogrefs in the Difcovery of the Pailage, than I imagined when there ; and that from the Light you have got from my Journal, you can almoft prove that I was in the Pailage ; and that fTager River is properly Wager Strait, and not a frelh Water River ; and that the Way I enter'd it was one, tho* not the greateft and eafieft Way into the Strait. You alfo obferve, if there be a Comniunication between the Bay and the Weftern American Ocean, or a Pailage thro' Iflands and broken Land, as in the Magellanick Straits, the Tide will continue to rife until we have got Half-way thro', and then meet the Ocean Tide, This I thought of when there, and made feveral Trials of, and alfo ordered my Officers to obferve the Courfe, Diiedtion and Height of the Tides at the farthell they went up, . as ycu will find in the indos'd Order. Now, as it flowed m ■'^ ^ii; -■■ii ■ ' hM: / I .:.;>■:■! ■ii f I I i.'if ■ ^r.: ( 136 Bowed at Savages Sotind 15 Feet, the fame Diiy and Tide that it flow*d but 10 Feet at Deer Souod* and 15 Leagues above Deer Sound on the weft Side but 6 Feet, the Tides kept their regular Courfe as high up as I was myfelf, which was 5 Leagues above Deer Sound, that is about feven Hours Ebb, and five Hours Flood, 20 Leagues up; whereas if there had been a Tide from the weftward to have met this, it muft have raifed the Tide higher the fur- ther we went up, as you fay it does by Narhrough's Account of the fpre-mentionM Straits, and the Flood would have run not above two Hours, as ne found it there. All thcfe Obfervations confirmed me, that it could not be a Strait as you feem to thinic. You fpeak of many Whales that we faw on jthe Coafts, and in Wager River, fome of which cer- tainly came in ^t where our Ships entered ; for I faw feveral in the ff^eicome, and fome off Cape Dob^s^ after we came out, and before we went in. The high Land and deep Water gave me great Hopes, befpre I tried the above-mentioned Tides. Brook Cobham was covered with Snow when we went out ; but in our Return home, there was none upon it ; the Snow on the Land in the River PVager^ was much >yaftpd before we got out of it upon the Tops of the Mountains, but in the Vallies it lay very thick., and hard enough to bear Waggons and Horfes. As to any Paflage or broken Lands between ^\- vQviVager and 62^ 40', I am certain I fearched that Coaft very narrowly all the Way, and flood into every Bay fo near, that the Indians I had on board knew all the Coad, and would have had me fet tbam oh Shore at Cape Fullerton ; for they knew the Way to Churchill, and had travelled that Way feveral times in the Summer ; which they could not have done if that Cape were an Ifland, or any large River there, for they have no Canoes, neither is there >«* ^*4 t,- \w k* ■'•i ( '37 ) there any Wood there to raft over with, as to the Southward. The Copy of the Deutenant and Ma(ler*s Re- port, I have here inclofed ; but what is wanting there, I (hall mention here : the River, 5 Leagues above Deer Sound, is 8 or 9 Leagues broad ; the Channel is 70 or 80 Fathoms deep in the Middle, and lieth near N. W. by true Chart i as far as they went up, they met with as much Ice or more than below, where the Ships lay j when I was up, I could go no farther for Ice than I did, and could not get over to the weft Shore but once for Ice all the Time we were in the River 5 fo my real Opi- nion isj that this River cannot be above one Week or two at moft, clear of Ice in a Year, and many Years not clear at all. For the Reafons I mention in my Obfervations oa the Effects of Cole, when the Winds blow from the N. W. Quarter, there muft certainly be much Land to the weft ward, covered with perpetual Snow, and the Land from the Water's Side afcends gra- dually up into the Country, and is very high, as I faw from off the high Land above Deer Sound. This is all I have time to think upon at prefent. I am, Ifitb great RefpeSl^ Tour tnoji obedient humble Servant^ i Christopher MiDDLBTOM. IJ. B. This is a rough Draught, and to all Purpofes the fain« as a Letter I fent Mr. Z>- in Anfwer to his of Jan, 22(1, 1743; but I can't venture to &y, it is the fame Word for Word. m ¥\ XIX. f (1 t ' lu3u ■ii ' timl Y ■^-' i '■mi ■m Il v.. I Il H., I ';,■;; ■; . I ■ ^ 'Hln !HH8 ^1- ;■ • 1 1 ■ ( 138 ) XIX. Exira^ of a Letter of Mr. D ' . - — - - I heartily wifh you Health and a pro- fperous Voyage I recommend my Friend, Mr. Smithy io your Care and Protedtion, hoping he will behave well, and be diligent in what you em- ploy him - I hope we fliall have a happy Meeting, and am with great Truth and Eftcem, Suffolk- ftreet, il%27, 1741. A— D— - XX. ROBERT fFILSON, late Mafter of the Furnace Sloop, Capt. Chrijlopher Middleton Commander, maketh Oath, that he, this Deponent, being fbon after laft Rafter ^ 1743, on board theAfory Belinda^ in the River of Thames^ Edward 7hompfon^ late Surgeon of the Furnace aforefaid, and John fVy' gate, late Clerk of the fame, did then and there (iiake a Vifit to him this Deponent, and did both openly and in the hearing of great Part of the faid Mary's Crew declare, that he this Deponent was the only Man they wanted to compleat a certain Purpofe ; which, if he this Deponent would join with them in, he this Deponent might depend upon having the fame Poll as Capt. Middleton had the laft Voyage, or Words to this Purpofe, and that upon this Deponent's afking them what they meant, they told him he muft go along with them diredly to Mr. D , for that they faid Mr. D wanted much to talk with him ; that accordingly he this Deponent did accompany them to the faid Mr. D , and that the faid Mr. D did importune this Deponent to fet down fome Particu- lars in Writing relating to the late Voyage under 2 Capt. ( '39) Capt. Middleton : To which this Deponent anrwcfM, That he could give no other Account than what he had already given in his Journal, which was ajufl: and true one } and that upon this, he this Depo> nent left Mr. D , and returned back to his Bu- Cncfs. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that about two Days after, the aforefaid Tbompfon and Wygate did make this Deponent a fecond Vifit aboard the Mary aforefaid, and that the faid Wy- gate^ taking a Pen and Ink, did much importune this Deponent, to let him, faid Wygate^ write down an Anfwer to a certain Quellion, or Queftions, pro- pofed to this Deponent by faid Wygate ; and that laid JVygate having begun to write, this Deponent fufpedling that fome wicked Purpofe might be de- figned by fuch odd Proceedings, did refufe to go on in his Anfwers, and that then faid thompfon faid. That he thought this Deponent much in the right to defift. till he was better aflured upon what Con- fideration he was to do it. And this Deponent fur- ther maketh Oath, that faid ^ompfon and Wygate did come to him this Deponent, and at a Houfe near the iWw Cr^wf, told this Deponent, that they had been every where feeking him this Deponent, and that this Deponent anfwer'd. He did not ap- prove of their Schemes, and that they (hould carry him no more to Mr. D That upon this, faid Thompfon did rave, and fwore. That then he this Deponent fhouid be ruined as well as Captain Middleton. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that about two Days after this third Vifit, he this Deponent meeting the aforefaid Wygate^ was hf him faid IVygate affurcd, that faid Mr. D hav- ing been by him faid Wygate inform'd of what he this Deponent had faid to them, faiJ, Mr. D ■ turned about and faid. Ah ! is the Mafter gone o- ver to the other Side ? And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that at all times that he has been in T 2 Com- M V-: »p In '^ J 1:1 t M> If Ml <' 1 '. - 1 i 1 !* Jr- i HO ) Company with Hiid thompfon and Wygate^ they have expreffed themfelves in very malicious and fpitcful "Words concerning Capt. Middleton^ and have abusM him with vile and moll unjuft Accufations and uni- becoming Language. Robert WitsoN. w Middlefex. Sworn before me the 1 1 /i? ^ June 1743, J. Poulfon. '> ^^'■-^ ^ XXI. ----.;,-•■" Middlefex. JOHN MACKBEATH, this Deponent, maketh Oath, that he this Deponent was em. ployed five Years as a Mariner on board one of the Sloops belonging to the Hudfon's^Bay Company at Churchill River in Hud/on* s- Bay ; and that he this Deponent had frequent Opportunities of obferving the Tides thereabouts, and that he did always take notice that in the faid Bay, and efpecially iicar Churchill, a north-traft Wind, when it blew any tiling of a Gale, did make the higheft Tides -, and that, on the contrary, the lead Tides were Then it blowrd from the fouth-weH:, and that the Difference uid fomefimes amount to 9, 10, or 12 Fee«. An 1 this Deponent further maketh Oath, that jfo'^n PVy- gate, late Clerk of his Majefty's Sloop Furnace^ :.\A Edward Thompfon, late Surgeon of the lame, h.-ve within thefe three Months laft paft been frequently at this Deponent's Houfe atWapping, and have often there by this Deponent been heard to boaft, that they would do Capt. Middieton*s Bufinefs, and that they would get him broke, and that they would take care that faid Capt. Middleton fhould never com-* mand another of the King's Ships, with many other the like ill-natur'd Expreffions. And this Depo- nent further maketh Oath, that faid Wygate hath frequently fiid in this Deponent's hearing, that he faid Wygate might be made a Purler of one of his . • Ma* LRT Wilson. ( 141 ) Majefty's Ships whenever he pleafed, and that he Ihewed f«veral Letters, which he affirm'd to have received from one Mr. A D— , in Ireland ; and that faid Wygate alfo affirmed, that faid Mr. D had, in faid Letters, promifed him faid Wygate to reward him to his Heart's Content, pro- vided he faid Wygate would draw up and fign fome- thing of the Nature of an Accufation againil the faid Capt. Middleton^ on Account of his Conduft in his late Voyage to the Northweft, and that faid Mr. D had been at his faid Wygate*^ Houfe, fince his Arrival in England, And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that he this Deponent had been ere* dibly informed, that the faid Wygate hath frequently uttered the like Speeches, and made the like Boafts in feveral other Places. John Macbeath. Zworn before me at my Houfe in Great Kirby-ftreet, Hatton- * . • Jt garden, /Aff 1 3/)i» Dtfj' e/ June ,.v .., 1743' J. Poulfbn. , a a* ; « THOMAS TOWNS, this Deponent, late Boat- fwain of the Bifcovery Pink, maketh Oath, that he this Deponent being the 20th of July, 1742* on board the faid Difcovery in Wager River, at a Place called Deer Sound, Captain Mddleton Com- mander of the Furnace Sloop, and Captain Moor Commander of the Bifcovery aforefaid, being then jull come back with the Boat from a Place called Savage Sound, together with four of the Bifcoverf% Men which they took along with them, the faid Captains, and the faid four Men, did, in this Depo- nent's hearing, declare, that they had sill taftcd of the Water in the Mid-channel of the faid River four Leagues above Beer Sound, and found it to be but barely brackilh) and that the faid four Men did . , freely \K'h !l '* ^ t 1:1 '■;' ■" J'l ! Ml',*:' ( 142 ) freely drink it for want of Beer, rather than fuck the Ice. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that when the Boat returned from going up the Ri- ver the Jaft time, which was on Augufi the firft, the Year aforefaid, Capt. Moor^ Mr. Wilfon^ Matter of the Furnace^ and the Petty Officers that accompa- nied them, did all give it as their unanimous Opi- nion, that there could be no Paflage out of the Ri- ver IVager northward or weftward, becaule, as they faid, the Frelhnefs of the Water increas'd the higher they went, and alfo becaufe the Tide flowed but fix Feet at the higheft they went, and alfo becaufe they met with a Fall of Water, which would not fuffer them to go higher, and forced the Boat to a Grapnel!. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that on the fourth of Augufi 1 742, about 6 in the Morning, he this Deponent faw three Whales fpout- ing Water in Sir I'homas Roe*s Welcome, juft with- out the Mouth of Wager River. And this Depo- nent further maketh Oath, that he is certain, from his own Knowledge, that all the Way from the Frozen Straits, fo named by Capt. Middleton when he difcovered if, to Wager River, the Tide of Flood came from the eaftward. And this Depo- nent further maketh Oath, that Captain Middleton\ Behaviour, as far as this Deponent ever faw or heard, was very kind and mild, and that he never did threaten Punilhment to any Man for offering his Mind with freedom about the Condudt ufed in the intended Difcovery, or fay he would break open Chefts, and take away Journals or Papers. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that he really believes the faid Captain Middleton had the Difcovery at heart above all things ; for that he feemed overjoy'd at every thing that feem'd to pro- mife it, and kept a condant Look out and Ex- amination of all Shores ; keeping fometimes eight and forty Hours upon Deck at a time, which muH: , be il! t il ( '43 ) be very fatiguing in thofe Parts to a Man in his bad State of Health. And this Deponent further mak- eth Oath, that through the Sicknefs and Lamenefs of a great many, and the Unfkilfulnefs of fome, the Ships would not in all probability have ever reach'd England again, if it had plcafed God to take away Capt. Middleton before they had palled Hudfon*s Straits homewards. And this Deponent further niaketh Oath, that the two northern Indians were fb far from being forced into a leaky tfoat againlt their Wills, that they went voluntarily into a good tight Boat, which this Deponent faw well caulk'd, and put in Order but two Days before, and feem'd highly pleafed at their Departure, as well they might ; for they had more Arms, Ammunition, and Goods given them, than they could have traded infeven "i'r rs. Thomas Towns« Middlefex. ^i*jom the ^otb Bay of May, 1743, before me Anthony Wroth. - .1,4*' ■; (',1 ^■' XXIII. ULRICH VON SOBRIEK, late Quarter-Maf- ter of the Difcovery Pink, maketh Oath, that on Monday the 19th Day of July^ 1742, being up the River H^ager three or four Leagues above Deer Sounds in the Boat with Capt. Middleton Comman* der of the Furnace Sloop, he this Deponent, and the reft of the Hands in the Boat, did drink the Water in the Mid-channel, and found it but juft brackifh, fo that it might very well be drank. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that the Flood Tide which flows up the River Wager^ in at its Mouth, comes all from the eaft, or the eaft by north, .the Courfe of the New Strait by Compafs, and from the Frozen Strait round Cape Frigid, (fo named by Capt. Middleton the Difcovcrcr, where he ft i- 1 fih 'f ( H4 ) he Wient with the Boat on Shore, as he this Depo* nent, being in the Ship, could very well obferve and difcern, the Ship being hailed in upon the Ebb^ and fet off from the faid Strait upon the Flood, whilft ihc was driving and working to (lay for the Captain's coming off with the Boat) and not from the fouth-wellward, as is wrongly reported by fome who know nothing of the matter. And this Depo* nent further maketh Oath, that all the way be- tween Brook Cobham and Cape Dobbsy that is, be- tween 6^ and 65 Degrees of Latitude, they were fure of the main Land, and were never above three or four Leagues off the main Land, except in one or two Places, where, meeting with fhoal Water, they lay'd to in the Night-time, that they might not pafs any Place unfeen, and flood in fliore in the Day ; that off the Head-land in Latitude 63^ 20', they were not two Leagues from the Shore, and faw there four or five fmall Whales, but none at "Bxook.Cobham, And this .Deponent further maketh Oath, that he never heard of any Rumours about any Negledl of the Difcovery, on board either of the Ships, but that quite to the contrary. Captain Middleton\ Treatment was very kind, both to Of- ficers and Men ; and that no body could take more Pains and Care in making all kinds oi Obfervations, which might help towards a Difcovery, than the Captain, and alfo in indrudting others who were ig- norant to do the like. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that out of above twenty Men, which they had on board the Difcovery from Church-' ill home, there were not above four or five in a Watch able to go aloft to hand or reef a Sail« in- cluding Officers, tho* this Ship was much better mann'd than the Furnace % infomuch, that in Pf^a- gtr River they were obliged to fend moft of their Hands to alUtt aboard the Furnace^ where they had few befides Tick Mem And this Deponent further maketh 51*^ I ,,. ( 145 ) ttiaketh Oath, that on the ^th of Jugufl, 1^42, In the Morning, he this Deponent did ke without the Mouth of the River ^ager, two or three Whales of the Whalebone Kind. Ulricm Von SoBRiEK* Middlefex. Szvtorn id June 1 743^ before me^ Anth^ Wroth. XXIV. GRANCiE GRANT, this Deponentj late of the Carpenter's Crew on board the Difcovery Pink^ maketh Oath, that he this Deponent beingj July the 20th, 1742, on board the faid Difcovery in Sa* Hjage Sound in ff^ager River, when Capt. Middleton^ of the Furnace Sloop, and Capt. Moor^ of the Dif* covery^ returned in the Boat, with four of the Dif-^ covery*s Men, from above Savage Sound, he this Deponent heard the faid Captains and all the faid four Men afTert) that they had tailed of the VVajei* in the Mid -channel of PFager River, three or four Leagues above Deer Sound, and found it to be frclh, or but juft brackifh; and that the faid Men, for want of Beer in the Boat, chofe to drink it rather than fuck the Ice, as they ufi*d to do clfewhere. And this Deponent further maketh Oath^ that on the firft Day of Auguji, the Year aforefaid, being the laft time the Boat returned from going up Wa- ger River, he this Deponent heard Capt. Moor, Mr* JVilfin the Mafter, and Petty Officers, ail declare and agree, that furely there was no Paflagc weft- ward out of fVager River for feveral Reafons % par- ticularly from the Increafe of the Frefhncfs of the Water in going up, from. the Tides flowing but fix Feet at the highell they went, and from the great Water-falls which hindered them from getring higher. And this Deponent further maketh Oa'h, that on the fourth Day of Augufl, the Year afore- U . - . faid. K) t^ %i ;'■?*• '(■i^ :'4 ■A .i i' ( 146 ) faid, in the Morning, being then out of Wager River, and coming into Sir Thomas Roe*s JVelcomey he faw three or four black Whales, blowing or fpouting Water. And this Deponent further mak- cth Oath, that as to the Difcovery intended, Capt. Middkton feem'd to give the utmoft Proof of his hearty Defire to cfFeft it; and, tho* in a bad State of Health, kept the Deck more than any Perfon on board, fometimes eight and forty Hours together, and frequently went aloft •, that he was careful above s\\ things to fearch all Shores, and chofe to lie by in the Night, rather than pafs any Straits or Inlets that might afford a PalTage. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that he never heard that the Captain threatned to punifh any one for fpeaking his Mind about the Difcovery ; bur, on the contrary, he was always courteous in his Behaviour to his Of- ficerf, and kind to all, fometimes when they did not deferve it. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that both Ships were fo ill-officcr'd and mann'd, and in fo bad Health, that he verily be- lieves that, next under God, all their Lives are ow- ing to the faid Captain's Vigilance and Condudt ; and that if he had died, they fhould fcarce have ever feen England again. And this Deponent fur- ther maketh Oath, that before now he never heard or underftood, that the two northern Indians d^^wtd to come to England 5 bur, on the contrary, that they departed in a good tight Boat, highly pleafed with the large Stock of Prefents, Ammunition, and Arms they had received from the Captain. And this Deponent further maketh Oath, that he was em- ployed by Capt. Moor of the Difcovery^ in making one Copy of the laid Capt. Moor\ Journal, and in finifliing another, ^t-v- Grance Grant. Middlefex. Sworn before me one of his Majefifs Ju- Jiices of the Peace for the County to this purpofe : Mr. Z) , you feem to have forgotten me •» and that faid Mr. Z)-^ anfwer'd. Not fo, Mr. Wygate^ there will be two or three Ships fcnt out again the next, Year upon the Difcovcrv, and you fhall be Purfer of the beft of them, or Words to this efFedt. And furthermore this Deponent maketh Oath, that faid Wygate faia to him this Deponent, at the fame time, I know that Capt. Aiiddleion counts Thompfon a Fool, and me a Sot ; and by G ^^ • "d 'tis true enough > or Words to this cffed. •Hi^JJn^i! : ■:.T} t|, , S^vorn at the Guildhall i London, )9/i6'i>f5^itD4!!i June, 1743, before meEd, Bellamy, ^n^ w\ifj ( 149 ) >'! i )hnD^WWI>I. ' XXVII. M^, D— — ''s Leiler of March 25, 174^, /^ ^ . C. Middleton. D£4R Sir, Sugolk-fireet, TH £ Bearer, Mr. John Lanrick, is the Perfon who has refblved to pufli his way into the World by going to Sea ; he has been bred a Scho- lar, and has a fober good Character, and propofes making ic bis Study to become a complete Sea^ man under your Command ^ as I have a Value for his Friends, I don't doubt but you will promote his being made a good Sailor : and I dare i^, he will do his utmoft to obey your Commands in every; thing, and upon his behaving: well, .you wiU give him your Brotedtion and Afli^ance. I fhall add no more, but that I am, with great Efteem, :<>.^« ^^ ' " ■* ■ A V .miU :iHiim ni ihm. Tourmofi.Mhedient bumble Servant^ -;/ i\lw,m'M^. L XXVI4I, ;ij-b{ji*1;^jj>^3^ fioqo ExtraS^s of. tuvo l^etters from Mr. John Lanrick to his Father^ — and by him publijh'd infeveralNews Papers, in November 174;?. ^^ ,i,,^^,.4 ,v ^^x* From OH board the Furnace m Churchill River^ June 21, 1742. THE hfl: Place I wrote to you from was the Orkneys, I then exprefs'd my entire Satifv fadion in the Choice I had made, though, infome meafure, contrary to your Inclination (which in- deed is the only thing that concerns me) nor has a longer Trial of the Sea made> me as yet repent, or in the leaft Degree leflen'd my Satis^tftion, nor do f n mm '■'■'■■ i !'. ,1 m ii til rA I T. J ! ( 150 y , I fee how it Hiould, fince I have never met witli any thing but Gentlemen's Ufagc, both from Com- mander and others. —Here we have undergone a molt terrible and fevere Winter amidd the Snow and lee. It is impoflible to give a juft Idea of the Severity of the Wcachcr to any Perfon whq has never perfonally feen or felt its Effedls i ic freezes to fuch a degree, that no Man whatfoever is able to face the Weather, with any Part of his Body naked or expofed, but in the fhorteft Space of time he is frozen in fuch a manner, that the Part turns whitifh and fohd like Ice ; and when thaw'd, blifters like Scald or Burning. Several of our Men have loft their Toes and Fingers, by being froze ; nay the Spirits of Wine or Brandy freeze and turn folid.- The Ice we found feven Feet thick in the Mid-ftream of the River. There is no Difeafe or Diftemper prevails here but the Scurvy, by which we have loll ten of the bed of- our Sea- men,, ^^^ come to an 4nchor amongft broken •H\ broken Ice, where indeed we rode in the greateft Danger, on account of the great Lodges of Ice which drove againft us with the Tide.— The fourth of Juguft we left the River, and flood away for the northward, being bleflfed with Bne Weather ; we had a full I?rofpe6t of the Land on each Side. In the Latitude 66^ 30', we faw the Land ftretch away to the weftward, which gave us great Hopes ; iDUt afterwards found it to be nothing but a Bay, Land all round. Then (landing away for another Opening on the eaft Side, we laid the Ship to, and went alhore to take a Survey from the Top of a high Mountain, when we could fee the Sea, all fall froze in one folid Body for a Matter of twenty Leagues away to the S. £. and finding at the fame time that the Flood Tide came from thence, we were fully confirmed that it had a Communication with the eaft Sea, and that there was no fuch thing as a Paffage into the weftern Ocean, as we expefted. The eighth of j^uguft we bore away to the fouth- ward, and made fome further Search about Lati- tude 64. Thus having travers'd all this long Bay, the 15th we took our farewel of it. Never were Ships worfe mann'd ; feveral of our Men are dead in the Country *, the one half of the Remainder fo taken with the Scurvy, that they have been uncapable of doing Duty. \'. f ^ t » XXX. July 15, 1742. THE Soundings up the eaft Channel between the lOands and the eaft Side or IQands is 45. 40. 30. 25 Fathoms deep, foft Ground in the Middle of the Channel, and 16 Fathoms to 6 Fathoms,. within a Quarter of a Cable to fome of the Iflands, and good Soundings through in many Channels ; be- tween thofe Iflands Depth of Water is 1 8 Fathoms where I founded, and 7 or 8 Fathoms within half a Cable ¥ '>,!'' ( 152 ) Cable of the fflands ; the Channel between the 1* flands and ea(t Side is 3 or 4 Mites broad i we got into a Bay or Cove on the eaft Side, good clean Ground, and Soundings from 30 to 5 Fathoms } the Tide came from the ibuthward through the Iflands, it flowed 1 3 Feet. The northmoft Iflands bore N. b. W. diftance 4 or 5 Miles ; the Soundings from the Bay or Cove to the northmoft Point of this Side oflf the Bluff, are 45, 40, 30, 20 Fathom Water, according to the Diftance we were off fhore ; above the Iflands from the eaft Side to the fouth-weft Side, is 12 or 13 Leagues broad, the Land runs N. W. b. W. the Tide flowed neareft N. W. b. W. along ftiore; we run into a Bay or Cove at the north End of the Point this Side of the Bluff; the Soundings from 20, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6 Fathoms, good clear Ground, and clear of Ice. ai The Tide came from the fouthward, it flowed 13 Feet and a half; the Straits above the Ifland 12 or 13 Leagues broad. I went upon the higheft Land on the eaft Side, and fet the Land ; there is a Bluff upon the fouth Side, with three low Iflands off it, and a low Point at the Back of it, that bore South-by-eaft off us, and a low floping Point that bore South-by-weft off; with that Opening to us, the Land runs from S. b. W. to the N. W. a high mountainous Land ; it runs down with a bluff Point, and a low Point at a fmall Diftance from it, and then runs up to a very high mountainous Land and round to the bluff Point. There is an Opening feemingly to me from the high Land, or Bluff I was upon, it being about » a Quarter Flood or more, by the Tide that came through the Straits ; I faw the Ice break up and fet Tound the Point I ftood upon, with fome force, that ■all the Ice was prefently in motion, in the Middle of the Channel againlt the Flood, and was mod * ■ I clear V ( »53 ) clear of Ice in the Middle this Morning i it is 9 or 10 Leagues broad. July 16, 1742, John Rankin*. XXXI. THIS is the Cove upon Brook Cohham^ or Marble Illand j it was almoft dark, my Men were taking the Skin off the Bear they had killed in the Water. ^hefe are all Fathoms, 28 q^3% 32 20 ^^ 8 iO J ^9 oj(^ ^'^"iS ]3 4k 6V " <^J0 \ ,/• ^Ifis lyeth off the Mouth of the Cove. This Tide came in fuddenly from the W. N, V/, round the N. W. End of the Ifland upon us, aad flowed fo fdft that we had almoft loft the Bear: we were forced to throw it into the Boat, my Men up to their Middle in Water, by the fudiun flowing of the Tide, as all the Men can prove. I am very certain, that there is a great Probabi- lity of a Paffage, or Straits, leading to fomeweftern Ocean, from the above Reafon 5 for I did perceive an Opening to the weftward of Marble Ifland, and deflr'd I might go there \ but he told me, it did not flgnify much to go thither, but if I had a Mind V'-sj • lUr» -h b i 'if { 154 ) to go to Marble Ifland for Water I might 5 fo 1 did not come nigh the Opening I perceived to the weftward ; it was almoft calm all the Day we lay there, Juguji 12 y I'j^i, John Rankin. XXXII. \\ ^ Middkton, ON E would be apt to think, that the Lieute- nant's Paper, on the foregoing Page, related to fome Cove of no fmall Confequence, by the Pains he has been at in taking the Draught and Soundings of it. Yet when I a(k*d him, what Ufe he propofed to make of it? He anfwcr'd. That the Bottom was full of Pebble-Hones, and it would be an excellent Place for Ships to come from Eng- land and load with them. Hence may be conjc- £tur*d what a high Opinion he entertained, at that Time, about a PaiTagc there. This Account is exaftly of a Piece with all his other Papers and Reports during this Voyage, dark and unintelligible. There is hardly any gueffing what he would be at. If he means that the Flood Tide came round the welt End of the IHand, the Reafon thereof may be very cafily afligned : For this IHand lying diredly in the Tide's way, and but two or three Leagues from the Main, the Tide mud come round both' its finds : And there being a Bay formed between the Headland in 6-^^ 20', and another Headland almolt againft the weft End of the Ifland, which rounds away to the eaftward ot the fouth, the Tide thereby receives that Sett \ and this is what deceived him, and made him be- lieve it came out of fome Inlet on the weftern Shore. Here he unjuftly accufes me of hindering him from examining an Opening •, and in his Anfwer to Query 20, fays, I can't fay that the Captain dif- couragM )HN Rankin. cDuragM or difcountenanc'd me in making any Dif- covery. . . * ' • » •* XXXIII. - r Dear Sir, I Received yours the Laft Night which did not a little furprize me that My Lord JVinchelfBa fuC pafted that I was Drunk when I took my Leave of him. I do aiTure you I had Drink no no More then the Share of one bottle of fine Eall between three of ws at the Duke of Portlands^ where I Dinned and two Glafs of wine after Dinning, then I went to'wat upon my Lord and take my Leave of him and to give the Duke of Portlands Service to him, I am Dear S' Infinitely obliged to you for the great honour you have been pleaded to Do Me, in giving me a good Carredlir to my Lord, and S' Jacob Jckworib, I (hall for Ever Think My Self bound to pray for your good Health, and Profpe- rity. If ever it (hould be in my pour to ferve you by Night or Day, I (hall all ways Think my Self in Duty bound to Do it. Dear S' I beg the favour of yon not to Think I Ever fliall be feen In Liquer in this Ship ; for fom of my Friend at the Navy office told me to be Warr for Some Complants had been Made againft my Capt, but D' S' I have a Soul farr above taking any Nottice of any Thing but to fpeack ail the good of my Commander I Cann, he his Don Very well by me as to the time I have been with him, but I never Exceed two or three Glafs of Wine at a time nor (hall while I ame with him, S' Jacob Ackwortb Sent his Service to Me by a friend that is going padenger with ws to Port Mahon becaws he was afraid to writt, for fear it (hould fall in wrong hands, and faid he had heated a Very good Carric- ter of me for Many Years, and all the Service he Could Do mc he would Sr my WifF gives her hum- X2 blc m 1 IU< It i:^ mi i?'; I I I ■ Ji. 1 ■ V, ::!, ■ ' i' a' ' i"' t 1 it- J 'k. '■'\[i m ' Ik ' ' iff !■' m-A 1' Wi i: ^ ' li iir pji * ■ il'J| i l|;l P ■ iffi^^- 1 ■r ' ; ^L''"'.'* » {■• m\[ ■ i ll^'^ j msA : ;Sj|!' Nv' H i lii 1 1; i. 1 111! !i'' ' ' 3i' * *(' ri • ^k ;*i In ,'' ' ■ \ '• 'i ■i - ■ i' , ■ i fi' ;,i' ■t ' ' » |-' i:' ■*' i; 1^^: ll.' m Ml m Mi m i if 'H^i ;; ji^. (156) ble Service to you and will wat upon you as foon as She cometh to Town. I am Dear S"" Tom- Moji Humble Sen; Long Reach /rflw o« i'trd the Pcrtfmout Feb'. 12 — 1742. Ci c A i r ' Jn^. Rankin. '^/if>'" * CLU E R I E S To be Anfwered by John Rankin^ Lieutenant, Robert Wilfon^ Ma- fter, Edward Thompfon, Surgeon, and John Wygate^ Clerk, lately under the Commind of Christopher Middleton, Com- mander of His Majeily's Sloop the Furnace, "il *» >. ^Ckrk*s Anjwer, This Article I defire may be anfwercd by the Lieutenant and Matter, ' CLU E R Y III. Whether the Captain did not limit them to go onfy to Deer Sounds or thereabouts^ and to come back with the utmoft Difpatch^ the Nature of the Service would allow of i and whether after their failing above fifteen Leagues further^ and giving him a Return under their Handsy that there was another Paffage into the Sea^ hefides that the Ships went in at, the Captain did not immediately prepare to fail out of the River ^ without proceeding upon the Difcovery-t and failed out of the River to the north-eaflward the fourth ^ Auguft ? , ■ » ■ * .-»'-' ,1 ' * Ithe IJeutenant*s Anfwer, The Captain's Orders, in Writing, were, that I would go to Deer Sound, or thereabouts, and to come back with the utmott Difpatch ; but I de- fired he would give me liberty to a6b as T thought mott conducive to the Difcovery of a Paflage ; and he verbally confented that I might run up the River or Strait, as far as I could conveniently do, without retarding the Ships from failing out of the River, for that he intended to fail in a few Days, and which I found to be true 5 for the Ships were preparing to fail before I came on board. Mafter*s Anfwer. The Order, thro* a Hurry and a Miftake of the Captain's Clerk, as the Captain told him at our putting off the Boar, was to make Obfervations in and near Deer Sound j but he gave the Lieutenant, as I heard afterwards, verbal Orders to proceed' as far as he thought proper. At our Return we gave the Captain a Report, figned by the Lieutenant and myfelf. The Captain did, and had feveral limes i f 1; m ■ ■{| iii'r if* i M-rnl (••*li r r.l I ( 160 ) times been endeavouring to get out of the Cove in order to proceed on the Difcovery, and failed out to the eaftward on the Difcovery to meet the Flood Tides, according to his Inilruftions, on the fourth t>i Auguji, , . . . , S urge Off s Anfwer. The Lieutenant fhewed me the Order the Cap- tain gave him when he went up the River, the Words of which was expresfly in the Manner as here fet down ; and after they had given in their Reports, the Captain prepared for faih'ng, and ac- cordingly failed out of the River Wa^er the fourth of Augufl 1742. • ' Clerk's Anfwer. I very well know that they were limited to go only to Deer Sound, or thereabout, and ordered to come ba ck with the utmoft Difpatch \ and that the Captain faid, when the Lieutenant fbaid longer than his time, that *' he did not doubt but the lieute- nant would bring fome romantic Story of a Paf- fage that way, but he (hould give no Attention *' to it; for he would fail out of the River as foon as he returned,'* which accordingly he did. iC (C QU E R y IV. » Whether there were not many large black JVhales above Deer Sound in that Pajfage, and whether they faw any Whales below, or at the Entrance, or without Wag^r River, either in the Strait or Bay above Cape Hope, or in any other Part of the Bay or Straits of Hudfon, except on the north-weft Side near Brook Cobham ; and whether they believed thofe Whales came in from the eaft or weft End of^z^ftr River or Straits, and whether, in their own Judgment, they did not think that there might be a Paff age from thence to the fouth'Weftward ? ^Til Ths ir; ( 161 ) -•" >,'•«.' . '. ' i. ^he tieutenanfs Anfwer^ I law a great Number of black Whales, of the Whalebone kind, in and near Deer Sound, and no where elfe, except at Brook Cobham, I can't think, that the Whales we faw in JVagerKw^v came in at the Place our Ships went in at, but rather through the Channels bounded by the broken I^nds on the weft Side ; and it is my Opinion, that there is a Probaoility of a Paflage to the Ibuth-weftward from Brook Cobbam from the Rapidity of the Tide there, whfch I imagine comes from a wedern Ocean, and fills ^^^igw River. ...A . .. '■,_' I . ^ , , Majier'*s Anfwer, The Whales we faw about D^^ Sound, I believe came in at the Mouth of Wager River, or fome o- ther Inlet from the eaftward, to the new Frigid Su'ait, which feems the more probable as being noc far from Bqffin*s-Bay and Davis's Straits^ where the greateft Numbers of Whales arc feeri ; aid notlefs than four hundred Dufcb^ Spaniards^ &c. go every Year to take them there ; many of which we met in ourVoyages in the Hudfin'^BtPf Ships, and they often came on board of us. I cannot think there is any Paflage to the other Ocean, becaufe the higher we went we found the Water thefrefher, and met with fcveral Water-falls mentioned in our Report. More- over, at the Mouth of Wager River, the Tide rofe 16 or 18 Feet ; at Savage Soundi 15 or 16; at Deer Sound but 12 or 13 ; and where we went far- theft, but 6 Feet. . !w.»irf-i*i' t^t.-M^' Surgeon* s Anfwer. ^ "' Every one that was as high up the River as Deer iSound faw the Whales come in there every Tide. But none was ever feen below at the Entrance, or without ^tfe^ River, nor in the Straits or Bay above ^w * Y Capt \\ u -,1^ t 'ilii H I ; . " > im m- b| I. .1 !, , j I \i ^\ ;, '\ ( I62 ) Cape Hope, nor in any other Part of the Bay or Straits of Hudfon, except on the north-weft Side near Brook Cobham •» and my real Opinion is, that thofe Whales came in at the weft End of JVager River, and that there is a great Probability of a PaiTage fiom thence to the fouch^weftward. Chrk*s Anfwer, I never faw any black Whales during our Voyage , from Churchill River, but at Deer Sound and Brook , Cobham, and imagine thofe we faw in Wager River I came through Channels on the weft Side of that River. I am like wife of Opinion, that there is a weftern Ocean nigh Brook Cobham and Wager Ri- ver ; for that rapid Tide we met with in 6^^ 20, ' I am almoft certain, flows into Wager River, and that it comes from a Sea different from that which > fills Hudfon's Strait and Bay. t CLUERY V. Whether they believe that the Captain would have ^ fe»t them up at that time, if be had not been alarmed i upon hearing that it was rumoured among his Men, that I- the Difeovery was negleSfed, tbo* from the WbaleSy \ Depth, and Breadth of the Strait, there were Hopes of *: a Pajfage-, and whether there were not fgme high Words i upon it, and harfh Words ufed by the Captain, that he . would cane fome, and broot^ftick and lafh others, if they % reported atrf thing, or concerned themfelves about the ^ Sttccefs of the Voyage ? *'•■ ■ . . ' ^e Lieutenant* s Anfwer, I imagine that I fliould never have been fent up Wager River again, had it not been for fome Mur- t miirs on board ; but I know nothing of the Threat- ,*rnings Captain Mddleton is faid to have made ufe of, '?'! not being on board at that lime, but was after- ^ wards informed thereof by the Doftor and Clerk. »!*— V. Mafiefs k\ VI' ( 'i6i ) ) Mafter*5 Anfwer, I fincerely believe no Man had the Dircorery- more at heart than Capt. Mddleton^ nor was any one fo great a Sufferer as he, both in Perfon and Purfe. As to his Men, they were fo unlikely to jpread fuch Rumours, or to defire to encounter any Danger, that on the contrary, when poor fcorbutick Creatures heard it was agreed on to return back f'om the Frozen Strait, they were overjoy'd, and ready to leap out of their Skins, as the Saying is. I never heard of the leaft Threatning during our be- ing at Sea in any Part of the Voyage, about the Dif- covery ; but the Captain always treated every body too well, if I may be allowed the Expreffion, info- much, that I often wondered at it •, for he ufed to take more upon him in the Hudfon^s-Bay Service i indl have heard him fay, that he could put up with all that could be endured rather than that the Dif- covery (hould be baulked. He never hindered any body from keeping what Account they would, and would always readily inftrudl any Officer that would afk him, in obferving the Latitude, Variation, or any other curious Matter, and Ihewed feveral how to keep Journals- that had never been at Sea before, aud preferred them in the Voyage according to their Merit, tho* he had never feen them before. Surgeon* s j^nfwer, . • v ;I The firft Difcourfe that happened concerning the Negled of the Difcovery, was by the Lieutenant and my fbeaking together in the Boat, when we went the lecond time to Deer Sound, which was o- verheard by fome of the Boat's Crew, and told again to the Captain; which, in my Opinion, was the Occafion of his fending up the River again j and be faid he would cane the Lieutenant, broomftick the Matter, and whip all the reft that fpoke any thing Y z about \^.l ■r n II hil (i I mi, , " ( «64 ) about the Paflage. This was fpoke to Mr. ^ygate and me, when the Lieutenant and Mafter was gone down the River. Clerk*s Anfwer. I think it very certain that the Lieutenant and Mader would not have been fent up the River a- gain, had it not been rumoured in the Ship that the Difcovery was negleded ; and that when the Lieu- tenant was gone up the River, he fent for the Sur- geon and myfelf into the Great Cabbin, where, with great Vehemence, " he threatned to cane the Lieu- " tenant, broomftick the Mafter, and whip all the *' reft that Ihould concern themfelves in relation to « hisCondua." QUERY VI. Whether^ when the Lieutenant and Mafter were tarried out of the River by the Rapidity of the Tide, upon a long Piece of Ice^ they were not carried by the Ebb to the fiuth-weftwardy clofe by the Rocks round Cape Dobbs ; and whether the Ebb did not run by that Cape to the fouth-weftward ? fhe Lieutenant* s Anfwer, Yes, we were carried to the fouth-weftward nigh the Rock^ on the fouth Shore of Cape Dobbs^ by the Tide of Ebb, and drove from ^ager River 6 or 7 Leagues. Mafter* s Anfwer, When we were drove out of the River Wager'^ Mouth by the Rapidity of the Ebb Tide, upon a large Piece of Ice, we were carried S. E. b. S. as the Courfe of Land lies by Compafs from the River's . Mouth> towards Capi JMs^ until we met the Chan- nel Ebb, from the W, b, S. by Compafs. Surgeon^ i\ (I6S) moi! Surgeon^s Aiijwer, The Lieutenant and Maimer can give the bed Ac- count of this Article. , .too rr- Clerk* s Aufiuer. ') This the Lieutenant and Mailer have often af* firmed to be Truth ; tho' at this time the Mafter prevaricates, for fear ^ as he iays, he fhould be the Ruin of any Man. '.V C^UER Y VIL Whether^ when the Ships failed 9Ht of the River^ they did not ply to the nortb^eqftward with Sails and OarSi to be out of the way of the tide of Flood fron(f the fouthward upon its Return^ left it Jbould force them azain up the River ? -f the Lieutenant* s Anfwer, This Article the whole Ship's Company can prove as well as myfelf ; for I affirm, that we ply'd with Sails and Oars to the eaflward, to get out of a Tide of Flood (which I apprehend and believe came from the fouth-weftward) for fear of being horfed into ^^^^rRiver again. ' .^.^ Majlef*s Anfwer, "When we failed out of the River Wager^ we ply'd to the eaftward with Sails and Oars, to get out of the Indraft of the River's Flood from the eaftward, but not from the fouthward, undl you get within the Indraft of the River, and then indeed, the Flood hath the Courfe as in all Inlets. Surgeon* s Anfwer, This Article is fo well known by every onethatwas then a board, that it is allowed by all, that we plyed to the north-taftward with Sails, Ship's Oars, and cwo ik)acs a-head, to be out of the Tide of Flood form in #.'^ 3.^ m 1*; ,m\ II I ¥P. ' ■'' i IV (166) from the fouthward, left it ihouI4 drive us up the River again. .* Cl&f^s Anfwer, Certainly. We hawlMaway to the eaftward with all the Sail we could croud, rowing with the Ship's Oars, and towing with the Boats, to avoid our be- ing forced into the River U^ager again, by a Tide of Flood that came from the fouth-weftward. v>r\\ %i\ Q^U E R Y VIII. > Whtther the Captain did not order the Lieutenant m Shore at the Low Beach at half an Hour after twOy when they were four Mies from the Shore, and at tSree made a Signal for him to return on hoard, before he reached the Shore, or could fie the Current of the Tide ? The Ueutenant*s Anfwer. -^ - t}» ^^^iS?* Yes, it is true. . Mafter*s Anfwer, ^ ^' The Captain did order the Lieutenant a-(hore at the Low Beach, near the Point, at half an Hour after two, to obfcrve how much the Tide had ebbed by the Shore ; but the Ship foon after meet« ing with much Ice, and we feeing no Land to the northward in our Way, thought we fhould loofe time ; for 'tis very dangerous to have the Boat from .the Ship amongft Ice, as we well know in the Hud- forfs-Bay Voyages, where the Tide is ftrong, and often crufhes them to pieces, putting the Men in danger of their Lives ; and if fuch a Misfortune 'had happened to us, we could not have brought the Ship home, eight of the Men being gone. - Surgeon^ s Anfwer, I believe every Officer's Journal makes mention of this Article, and acknowledges it to be true and Matter of fad, CUrkU fi,. -V*, '«*-•*■* »*1 11.^ i. .w. Clerk* s Anfwer, This Article every Journal aod Log-book con« fd&s to be truek ' XIV E R Y IX. Whether the Neap Tides were not higher at Church* ill with a north'Wefterly Wind^ than the Spring Tides were with an e^Jierly fVindf ^..^ ,-.., ^^ , ^ 7he Lieutenant* s yinfwer. That is known by every Perfon who has any Knowledge of the Tides in Churchill River, and 19 Faft. . Mt/ter^s Anfwer, U The Neap Tides at Churchilly as I have heard, but had no Trial of it, the River being full of Ice, the moft Part of the time we were there, ufed to rife higher with a northerly Wind by fome Feet, than a Spring Tide doth with a foutherly Wind, or fouth- caftWind. ,^^.^,^ Surgeon* s Anfwer, This is well known to every one that ever ob« farved the Tides in C^«rfi&/7/ River. . , • -•-*- *■!/■•»>■*•»-;•* Clerics Anfwer, Every Perfon who has been at Churchill River knows, that the north-wefterly Winds make higher Tides there on the Neap, than eaflerly Winds on the Spring. Q.U E R Y X. Whether the Tide at the Point near Brook Cobham in 63^ 20', nigh the Land, as they went northward /r0»} Churchill, was not as rapid as the tide in the River Wager ; or whether at that time they could af certain the Flood from the Ebb, and whether by falling off from the Land to the eajlward, they did not kfe . that Tide ? I The m liH'M ; t 'I a : [1 ii SI in ■ PI ;!,!! I ^4' 111 w > J: ( i68 ...i. ... h:h' :!;fi:4 \v t Tne Tide at the Poin^. near Brook Ca^bofH in ^^ zo\ nigh the Land, was as rapid as that in fFager River ; but I think there was no proper Method ufed to afcertain the Tide of Flood, or EWb, no Perfbn being fent on Shore ; and the Courfe of the Tide, which was very impetuous, being never tried but once at that Place. . ^ Tfie^ide near the Headland, in Latitude 6^% 7.6 N. as we went horthwards from Cburcbitt^ was tried feveral times, and run two Miles an Hour ft;onl the eaflward. But Land-men on board, and Sailors alfo, if notwbll acquainted with Navigation, may, in fuch Cafes where the Shiji is under Sail, the iBbat at Anchor, or the Current-Log riding her, be cafily led into very falfe Cohclufions. In this par- ticular Cafe, the Current ran two Miles an Hour^ and the Snip went two or three Knots, flanting fror.i the Boar, which made it ar|)ear to fome not well vers'd in the Nature and Effeds of Currents, as if the Ship made double the way (he really did. As we went off the Land, we had lefs Tides, as ^t always evperience, in proportion as We d^art froRvthe Coaft. .^ «' rf ' , SurgeOffs Ahjwet. - _ The Rapidity of the Tide here filled fcVeSl^a- board with Joy and Hopes of finding a Parage without going much Ikrther to the northward ; but thefe Hopes were foon changed by the Captain's falling olF from the Land to theeaftv/ard, and by that m/eans. loft the Tide. . t. Mi-.-r-. t<;// ^ ■ ii^ru ,3*j J iUi' ■■iXKnt..vu , 'I never faw more rapid Tides at any PIr"* thiitt near Brook Cobham^ in 6^^ 20', and am futc no Per- '■" '""'4 ■ ...1^ ■; I, ^. *, J £^^ ion ( '?7) fori did make efFe<5lual Trill for afcertairiing the Knowledge of the Tide of Flood from the Tide of Ebb ; for the Current of the Tide there was tried but once, and that by Captain Middleton^ who di-* reftly afterwards hawled away to the eaftward^ and thereby Joft the ftrong Tide* Q.U E R y XI. .. HHyetber it did not appear by the Gunner* s And Car- f enter* s Account^ who went farther than the Captain and Clerk by two or three Miles, when they landed at Cape Frigidj that they were upon an IJknd cut off from the how Beach, and that the frozen Strait which they faw, was what furrounded that IJland, which was not above three Leagues wide, and full of Iflands i and whether they did not fee high Land beyond that Strait to the eqflward, andfo round to the Lo^ Beach ; and whether they could fee a Strait beyond that high Land, atleaft 15 Leagues farther to the foutb-eafi with- out a Telefcope \ and whether upon his Return to the Stat at low Water, he did not then take the Height of the Tide? The Lieutenant* s Anfwer. I refer this Article to the Gentlemen who were on Shore on that Part of the Land. ' ^' ' Mafler*s Anfwer, The Captain ftritflly enquired of the Carpenter and Gunner concerning the Frozen Strait, whethet* the Place they were landed upon was an Ifland or no. They anfwered it was nor, for they could fee further from where they were than he j and it was afterwards confirmed on board that there was no Tide from out the Bay, between the Mountains that made one Side of the Frozen Straits and the Low Beach. Whilft the Ship was working and driving to ftay for the Boat*s coming on board, Ih^ was hawled almoft into the Frozen Straits, upon the Z Ebb, '"\ ■.■>; ! : ,' ; 1 ,^: :■..': ¥ ■? ( .78 ) • . Ebb, and fetfrom it on the Flood, tho* the Wind blew right oflf it, fo that flie was obliged to fet Sail and ftand from it, when the Captain went away with the Boat, until we got fome diftance from [its Indraft. The Captain took the Height of the Tide when he returned to the Boat. By the Account the Men gave him when he got back, the Tide had flowed four Feet, and he afterwards found by the Marks on Shore, that it flowed fifteen or fixteen Feet in all •, and that a weft or weft-by-fouth Moon, made high Water. Surgeon's Anfwer. This I refer to thofe who were a-fhore at Cape Frigid, Clerk* s Anjwer. I fleered the Boat a-lbore (the Gunner and Car- penter being two of the Boat's Crew.) Immedi- ately after our Landing we left the Boat, and went inland, without taking any notice of the Diredion of the Tide. We travelled feveral Miles from Mountain toMountain till we came to a very high one on theS.E. Part of the Ifland (for I am very fure) from a Chan- nel I faw, which disjoined it from the Low Beach, and another I faw to the northward, as well as from the Gunnel's and Carpenter's Account, that the Land we then ttood upon was an Ifland walhed on all Sides by the Sea the Ships were in. The Gun- ner and Carpenter, as well as the Captain ?,nd my- felf, faw very high Land beyond that Strait to the caftward ; and I think it impofllble to difcover a Strait over that high Land, with any Inftrumenc we had then on Shore ; for we had nothing but the com- mon Profped-GIafs, and that not ufed. The Cap- tain and mylelf returned to the Boat, fending the Gunner and Carpenter to overlook the Chanel on the eaft Side of the Ifland. When we came to the Boat, it was near low Water j and the Captain aflc'd I which ( ^19 ) which way the Tide of Flood ran, anci was tofd, it made its Courfe to the northward. About 7 o*CIock that Evening he took the Height of the Tide, it being at that time low Water, and three Days after the FuHof the Moon. The Lieutenant likewife ob- ferved, that the Ships in lying to, about 10 o'clock the fame Morning, were forced to the north-eaft- ward very rapidly, which muft be by a Flood Tide. dU E R Y XII. Whether upon their Return from Cape Frigid to Brook Cohh^m, they were within fuch a Diftance of the weft Land, as to defcry the Bottom of the Bays or Inlets^ fo as to know it to he a main hand ; whether it was not for the moft part hazy Weather^ fo as only to defcry the Tops of the Mountains and Headlands ; and whether they didnotpafs great Part in the Nighty or were even nearer the Co aft than five or fix "Leagues^ until they came near Brook Cobham, where they faw many fVhales ?__ T'he Lieutenant'* s Anfwer, I acknowledge that I could never properly di- ftinguifh the Headlands in our Return from Cape Frigid to Brook Cobham, and did not come nearer to the weft Shore than five or fix Leagues *, fome part of the time was hazy Weather •, fome part Night; and fome part very fine clear Weather, We fearched neither Inlets nor Bays, nor came near enough any Land to the weftward to diftinguifh it, till we came to Brook Cobham, where we faw feve- ral Whales. .,p „™d. Mafter's Anfwer. We made fure to fearch all the weft Shore, fo near as to fee all the Bottom of the Bays. and plainly make it main Land. "We had very lit- tle hazy Weather, except in the Night time, and then we lay to, or work'd to Windward, to hold ■r ' Z 2 E our ii .^:-''X -^^,1: -Jl Hi- f. 4 m ' nil ii w\ ifr r ifcilll ill I i 11 f ii. '.tm ;Jl ( i8o ) out own tUl Day-)ight, t;hat we might mifs no Place that Appeared like Openings or Inlets. Wc were within three or four Leagues cf moft Places, and where it was bold, we came within two Leagues, as o6f |ih9 Headland, where we found the Tide to run two JMiles an Hour in 63^ 20, and from 64.^ to Sropki Co^b^mi we were fure of the m^in Land all the Way, Surgeon's Anfwer. ^^^ After we left Cape Frigid^ I do not remember we ever were nearer the weft Shore than five or fix X^eagues, fo could not difcover whether it was IQands, and broken Land, Inlets, or Bays, or a main Continent, and feldom difcerned the Land, except fome high BlufF or Point amongft the Clouds, it being fomewhat thick and hazy Weather ; fo never touched at any Land till we came to Brook Cobbam^ where we law feveral black Wiiales. We palled by th? Point of this Ifland,. and dropt Anchor on the weft Side of Marble Ifland, to the wcftward of 5rook Cohbrn^ i' '-rr-r- ■ ■' n 'V;' ; t .'^ Clerk\ Anfwer. ;*il>iO !ji . It appears irom the different Journals and Log- Books, that we were not nearer to that Land than five or fix Leagues, and that moft part of the time it was hazy Weather, and paft by a great Part in the Night, until we came to Brook Cobkamy and there we faw feveral Whales. j^ ( J f J 4 «' «,83) . c » '«. 'H*j k/i '>^\ Q^U E R Y XIV. U^etber this NegleS was not after owning in Coun-^ «V, that they bad found rapid I'tdes, broken Lands and Iflandsy upon that Coafty as they failed northwards /rfli» Churchill, but had no Opportunity of knowing from whence the 'Tides came ? . . . . , - The Lieutenant* s Anfwer. n /-^ Yes, it is xx\i&»-^-''<^ -.^H^it-K^v. : j,:r?« ■,;.-/ -m jw.^ Mailer's Anfwer^i- nrib *mr I I never heard of any Negledt, nor could any be charged on the Captain, the' he was in a bad State of Health for many Months, and all the Winter, yet he kept the Deck more than any Officer in the Ship. The Tide we found in 63^ 20' in Ihore, was not half fo llrong as what we found in the New Strait, between the River Wager and Cape Hope in the Narrows, I tried feveral times myfelf when al- nioft calm, and it broke our deep Sea-line, in bring- ing up our fmall Boat, and loft our Grapling. Surgeon* s Anfwer, *^^ * As to this Article, the Council held will teftify, which was figned by the Captain, Lieutenant, Mr, M?»r, and Mr. /ir/y''^.»i{(j^' .; ntW^?T4: QJJERY I ' ( '85 ) v»Aiv, "i-^^-jy 'r^- -v^<, -4., .^«..^|i^ ^^^ v^^^ ,,^^y^ :*r>.^«A QUERY XVI. V^n<>? «srr^^ Whether the Ueutenant did not prefs the Captain ti let him take a Man from Churchill FaSery, who un^ derftoed perfeffly the northern Indian Language^ and that he would take the Blame upon himfelf in cafe any Complaint Jhould he made upon his Return^finceit "joould be of fo great Service to promote the Dijcovery j hut the Captain would not allow it ? '^ The Lieutenant^ s Anjwer, This Article is Matter of Fadt, as I have often times declared it to be fo,as others can tedify as well as myfelf. Mafler^s Anfwer, I do not remember that the Lieutenant did prefs the Captain to take another Man \ but if he did fo, in my Opinion, the Captain did much bettCFitl get- ting two northern Indians^ that pretended to know the Country, and fpeak the Languages of feveral Nations } and alfo a third Indian from the Factory, who could converfe with thefe two northern 7«- dians^ he having travelled with them feveral Win- ters before, and underftood Englifh befides. This whole Article is Truth, it being firft fpoke in my hearing, and often repeated fmce by the Lieutenant. ) orb Vini4.vin'*»^rrr. «'<«M*.,;f-),_^| ti'jfb"^K'> : ,«.(MT}i;:r; Clerk's Anfwer, .w^ vi^PSi This Article is true j fori very well remember tne Lieutenantfs Inclination to imprefs him, and the Captain's forbidding him. ^,,y, ^.^j ,,.,., .^^^^0 vni^^ QUERY XVII. ^ Whetheri from the rapid Tides near Brook Cobham, and from the Number of Whales feen there^ they did net "tpprehend there might alfo have been a Fqffdge there- A a abouts^ i: ■ '.i ■ I' iv [it \■■^. m U-;- J; WW 1U. ml im ,;r * ('86) choutSy and whether by the beft Accounts they could get from the Indians, by the Interpreter they had, they did not intimate that the Strait and Copper Mine they had been at, where they faw a great many large black Fijh, was fomewhere thereabouts^ before they fell in with the Ice , and whether the Captain did not threaten the Surgeon^ upon Account of his being fit in- timate and corrcfponding with the Indians, and for his attempting to come at the Knowledge of that Strait and Pajfage from them? \)i- "Cf ^:iii/l jA4.,^ 'fhe Ueutenanfs Anfwer, I have given my Opinion of the Rapidity of the Tides near Broolv. Cobham before, but I know nothing of the northern Indian Language, and therefore beg Leave to refer their Lordfhips to the Surgeon and Clerk's Accounts. Mafler*s Anfwer. As to the rapid Tides near Brook Cobham^ they all came from the Eaftward, the Courfe of the Welcome, As to Whales, 'tis only a Conjedure from whence they come. We had no manner of Account from the Indians of any Paflage on the Coafl: wherr we went, neither did I fo much as hear one Word mentioned about it, either whilft they were with us, or, fmce till now, nor concerning black Fifh near the Copper Mine ; I never heard that the Captain had any Words in Anger with the Surgeon on any fuch Account, during the Voyage, but on the contrary, he ufed him too well, by pafling by many of his Infolenccs to himfelf and others. 7i-.i :;ni ' '■ ' " Surgeon'' s Anfwer, The Reafons here fet down were obvious and plain to every one that had any real Senfe or Know- ledge of what we were about, and was the Occa- lion ciiiefiy of the Murmur in fVager River 5 for ,v.. - ^. ;;tv that ( i87) that River, together with what Occurrences we met with there, ferved only to confirm us in our Opini- on of what we had feen, and been well informed of before, particularly, from one Richard Lovegrove., now at Churchill, and had been in the Sloop as far as Whale Cove, and travelled in Land, he gave us an Account that there was nothing but Iflands and broken Lands there, and that he could fee a clear Sea from the Top of the Hills to the South-weft, and a rapid Tide run amongft the Iflands there, likcwife the two Indians gave us an Account of a River or Straits, Salt-water and deep, a great Num- ber of large black Filh, fpouting up the ^' ter,^ and that they were five Days in crofTing il, and that there was a Copper Mine upon the Side of this Ri- ver or Strait, and by the beft Accounts I could ga- ther from them, it was fomewhere hereabouts •, and when we left Brook Cobham, and failed to the North- eaftward, they told us, that that was not the Way to the Copper Mine, but were going from it. I have now by me a (hort Vocabulary of fome Part of the northern Indian Language, which I penned down from them, they being defirous of teaching me, and alfo of learning Englijh, and were perfect of feveral Words ; but this Proceeding did not laft long, for the Captain threatened to cut my Ears off, and take away my Books and Papers, if ever I had any further Correfpondence with thofe two unfor- tun ate Indians . ^. : ^ u^ ,a// . » . ? /* ,; u:-^ t '5f:Vn VsA ClerJCs Anfwer. From the rapid Tides at Brook Cobham in 63 * 20', and from the Number of Whales feen there, I apprehend there is a Wcftern Ocean not far from that Place, but defire their Lordfhips would refer themfelves to the Account given by the Surgeon con- cerning the Indian^ % Report of the Copper Mine. , ft' I ' 4 \ iiilil Mill' si A a 2 Q U E- iii IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ ^'i£ *s* V 11.25 IM ■2.8 ly 12.5 L£ 12.0 u HiotogFajJiic Sdenoes CarpoTEdion 23 WBT MAIN STMIT WltSTM,N.Y. I4SM (71*)I73-4S03 4- ( i88) iff I tin r 1 *i 5'''"T' <>■:;■ Q. U E R Y XVIIIr Whether the two northern Indians were not iefirous of coming to England, and were not^ contrary to their Inclinations^ put on Shore on an IJknd in 65**, fome Leagues from toe Mdn^ in an indifferefU Boat^ which they could not rightly manage^ their Enemies being up- on the Coafty ana they far from their own Country? ;-v' 11 JiM ^he Lieutenant* s Anfwerlhii\' I. I believe they were deiirous of coming to Eng^ land, but know not upon what Account they were fet alhore. n-^^u Mafier*s Anfwer, One of the northern Indians fecmed at their go- ing away from us to be fomewhat dejeded, but the Captain told us, that he had promiied both the Go- vernor and their Friends, to put them fafe on ftiore, fo that they might get to their own Home, or to Churchill, loaded with Goods that they liked -, that he had no Orders from the Admiralty to bring them home -, and as they were at Brook Cobham in 63 • Latitude, about 2 or 3 Leagues from the main Land, and feveral fhiall Iflands between that an^ the Main, and in fine Weather, and Water asfmooth as the Thames, the Boat was very well, and they might eafily manage her, as they had been fhewn, what Diftance they had to ihore or along' (hore, as they pleafed. They knew their Wa)(k'|k)me very well, as they told us, and were fufficiently fortified againft all the Men in .the Country, having Fire- arms well ftocked wkh Ammunition, and more of every Thing than they could well carry. They were but 250 Miles from their own Country, or the Company's Factory, which is nothing for an In- dian to travel. Surgeon* s Anfwer, 1 hefc two Indians left their Wives and Families, -1 and C'89) and came on board intirely to ffaow us the Cc^p)per Mine before mentioiied y' hilit ifter we left Brook Cobbam in going out, we jperfuaded them to g6 to England^ with Promifes oi large Prefentsand Gra- niities when they arrived there. They readily con- fentedtoit^ upoA Condition th^y fhouid return to their oWn Country agwn the next Year. After tlui Agreement made, the Capt^n altered his Opinion, and faid he would put them afhore ag^n ; but de-^ fired that neither the Linguift nor I would tell them, for fear of ^ing them Uneafinefs, and causing a Murmuring in the Slup, they being well liked by every one, begihning to be very handy on Deck. This was never difcovcred to them, till we came to Marble IJland ; and then the Captdn order'd them into an old leaky Boat, with two Oars, a Maft and Sails, winch hdtiier of them knew how to manage, firft giving each of them a Gun, Powder, Shot, Hatchets, Ice-Clnzels, Knives, Awls, Beads, Rings, Gff . one of than called Jazurta cried very much, and continually expreffed the Danger they fhouid be e3q>ofed to, being far from their o^n Families, Win- ter approaching, in a ftrange Place they did not know, and in the midft of their mortal Enemies, the EflthnauXy^hovfCKM firJl icalp them, and then devour them, but all this would not prevail Upon the Captain ; for they were aftually forced oVer the Ship Side into the Boat, and towed afhore upon Marbk Jfimd, in the Latitude 63"*, and there left* /ir> €lerk*s Anfwer. . ^ They were defirous of coming to EngfakI, aihd with aching Hearts, poor Creatures, were put on fhore, of which Mr. Tbomfin has ^ven a particular Account. The Reafon Captain Middletm gave for putdng them on fhore was, as he faid, lefl thofe In- dianSy when they came to England, fhouid, by their chattering of the Copper Mine, and flrait there- abouts. nfS 'f . I !liY. f i •if I n *^ttii^' 3'50ra ( '90 ) abouts, put the Government to the Expence of fit- ting Ships out again, to make Trial of a PalTage ^hat Way once more. dUERY XIX. ^.Whether the Lieutenant^ Surgeon and Clerk did not hear the Captain fay at Churchill to the Governor and Offi^er^oftbe Hudibn*s Bay Compatey^ that be Jhould te able to make that Voyage^ and no Man on board him fitould know wbetber tbere was a Pajfage or not^ and that be would be a better Friend U the Company tban ever? . , tbe Lieutenant* s Anfwer* ^ Yes, it is true. . . . _- / ; . j^„. V Malier^s jinfwer, '-^/* What pafled between the Captsun and the Hud- fnis Bay Company's Officers aix)ut the Difcovery, I know nothing ofi but. if the Capt^n faid any Thing of this Nature, I fhould take his Meaning to be, that there could not be any on board, but the Lieutenant and myielf, able to judge or know where they were, without being told, we were fo well officered and manned \ itsimpoflTibk for either Land or Seamen, that are not thoroughly acqu»nt- ed with Navigation, both in Theory and Pra^ice, mpre eipecially in thofe Parts of the unknown World, ip much as to guefs whereabouts th^y are. As for being a Friend to the UidpnCs Bay Com- pany, if he faid {o^ I fhould not doubt that it was on account of his being in a Ship of War, and had his Inibu£tions to give them and their Trade Pro- tedion. . ,SurgeQn*s Anfwer. Yes, feveral Times, not only aboard, when the Governor of thfe Hudfin's Bay Company and his O0ker$ were prefent, but in the Fadory, in the pub- lick Guard Room. . ,^ ,>j,^:^,.i:^.u.^ 1! ijy^nanaqx;:* jTA,, fr'HJK'* Ckrk*s Anfwer. ^liut-^a^ii'^-i I heard him repeat thofe Words more than once. /■ i :-t v« 't:!...^;* :: : ::l mil -■.■.-vi'^-^'OVi^^Q.U E R Y XX. ■-^^♦■>-f^i) Whether bis Cottdu3 was not fuitable to that Be^ claration afterwards upon the Difiovery^ by difcourag-, ing and difcountenancing every one on boards from be- ing inquijitive about it ^ or making any ObferOations which promoted the Difcwery ; threatening to take their Books and Papers from them, and being very careful that nothing fhould be entered into the Logg Book, which Jhould give any Hopes of a Pajfage^ but barely the common Occurrences onboard the Ship, which related to the failing of the Ship and fVinds^ Sound- ingSy &CC, -r .K;iac;^»d7 iio-av^oi' -•";;.;.; ;wivr;Y The Ueutenanfs Anjwer^i'^^^^ '^my^^^ I believe it was fb, and that (bme of the Officers on board were difcouraged and difcountenanced from being inquifiti^'e about it, or making any Ob- fervations which might promote the intended Dif^ coyery . But I can't fay thar the Captain difcouraged or difcountenanced me in making any Diicovery, tho' ibme of the Officers of the Ship are of another Opinion j nor did I ever hear the Captain threaten to take their Books and Papers from them, or give Orders that nothing fhould be entered in the Logg Book wluch fhould give any Hopes of a Parage. Mafier*s Anfwer, The Captain, as I have obferved before, feemed on all Occafions heartily to encourage the Difcove- ry, and was ever free in communicating and in^ flruding every Officer and Man onboard that would .at any time defire it of him, either in Navigation or die Seaman's Part, as none is better qualified to do it, and the Lieutenant, as well as myfelf, have experienced 1 1 ll b.,!ii i^iisi :;!'|l fl 1J \ ( 193 experienced the Benefit thereof, and muft own it. He always order'd me and my Mate to take Care to Omit nothing that might be of Sendee either for the prefent or future Good and Advantage of o« thers } and to reprefent him in any other Light, I am thorou^y fatisfied, is doing hun bittxirous In- jultice. "< r-' , Surgeon's At^Rver. this I tMnk is ak-eftdy fiaqe evicjlnt l^ihoft of the aforegoing Articles ; and the whole Difcovery was anfwerable, and of one Piece with that notable Expreflion of Captain ACddleton's when we were at CburcbilL Qerk*t Anfiaer, \ I have thegreateft Reafbn to believe hb Condud: was fuitable to the aforementioned Declaration,, not only by Ms difcountenandng and difcoum^ng eve- ry one on board by thieatening Words, but by his failing continually to the North-eaftwards, theitby lofing theftrong Tides ; making an imaginary frozen Strut in his Draughts \ mlftilly niiftaking the Flood near Cape Frigti tor the Tide of Ebb, as I have be« fore mentioned in Anfwer to Query 11, on Pur^ pofe to bring the Flood Tide from the Atlantick Oct* an } from his NegleA of trying the Tides, or iearch«> ing any Inlets or Bays on the weftem Side of the IVekome^ and from his abfolute manner of marking what he thought moft conducive tolusBdign, on the Logg Board. .. ... ,.- . "lum:)! *}f % ^^M» '-^i", /15; -4 i rrr AN Iffii muft own it. to take Care vice either for rantage of o- >ther Light, I batixirous In- nt by ^oft of ole Difcovery h that notable tn we were at e his Condu6): ^laration^ not oura^ng eve- ds, but by his [rards, thereby aginary frozen ing the Flood » I have be« II, on Pur^ /Ulantick Occ* ics, or ieardi«> \ Side of the crofmarieing is l>d]gny : on ( '93 ) :\f<.it.V, « YCfc «vi| t n Captain Middleton's ACCOUNT O F T H E '*■"■'-♦'*■ *^:isf . Extraordinary Degrees and Surprizing Effeas of CO L D in HudfoN's^Bajy North^mericay read before the Royal Society y OB. 28, 1742 *. IObferved, that the HareSf Rabbets^ Foxis and Partridges^ in September^ and the Beginning of Offober^ changed their native Colour to a fnowy White \ and that for fix Months, in the fcvereft Part of the Winter, I never faw any but what were aM white, except feme Foxes of a different Sort, which were grizzled, and fome half red, half white. That Lakes and landing Waters, which are not above 10 or 12 Feet deep, are frozen to the Ground in Winter, and the Fifties therein all perifti. Yet in Rivers near the Sea, and Lakes of a greater Depth than 10 or 12 Feet, Fifties are caught all the Winter, by cutting Holes through the Ice down to the Water, and therein putting Lines and Hooks. But it they are to be taken with Nets, they cut fe- ral Holes in a ftraitLine the Length of the Net, and Bb padi , .f PHiLOsoruicAL Transactions No 461J, pafs the Net, with a Stick faftcned to the Head-line, from Hole to Hole, till it reaches theutmoft Extent-, and what Fiflies come to ihefe Holes for Air, ate therjeby entangled in the Net; and thefc Fifli, as foon as brought into the open Air, are inftantaneoufly frozen as ftiff as Stock-fifh, The Scamch hkewife freflien their fait Provifions, by cutting a large Hole .through the Ice in the Stream or Tide of the River, which th«y do at the Beginning of the Winter, and keep it open all that Seafon. In this Hole they put their (alt Meat, and the Minute it is immerfed un- der Water, it becomes pliable and foft, though be- fore its Immerfion it was hard frozen, J ^ ' '• -; Beef, Forky Mutton, and Venifon, that are killed at the Beginning of the Winter, are preferved by the Frofl, for fix or fevcn Months, intirely free from Putrefadion, and prove tolerable good Eating. Like- wife Geefe, Partrid^es^ and other Fowl, that are killed at the fame time, and kept with their Feathers on, and Guts in, require no other Prefervative but the Froft to make them good wholefome Eating, as long as the Winter continues. All kinds of Filh ^are preferved in the like, manner. ' In large Lakes and Rivers, the Ice is fometimes broken by imprifoned Vapours ; and the Rocks, Trees, Joirts and Rafters of our Buildings,, are burft with a Noife not lefs terrible than the 6ring off a great many Guns together. The Rocks which are Jplit by the Froft, are heaved up in great Heap?, leaving large Cavities behind} which I take to be caufed by imprifoned watery Vapours, that require more Room, when frozen, than they occupy in their fiuid State. Neither do I think it unaccountable, that the Frofl: Ihould be able to tear up Rocks and Trees, and fplit the Beams of our ftfogfes, when I confider the great Force and Elafticity thereof. If ,3ccror Water is left in Mugs, Cans, Bottles, nay in Copper-pots, though they ?^cre put by our Bed-fides, (■95) in a fevcfc Night, they are furely fplit to pieces be- fore Morning, not being able to withftand the expan- five Force or the inclofed Ice. The Air isfillcd with innumerable Particles of Ice, very fharpand angular, and plainly perceptible to the naked Eye. I have feveral times this Winter tried to, make (!>bfervations of fome celellial Bodies, par- ticularly the Emcrlions of the Satellites of Jupiter, with reflecting and refracting Telefcopes ; but the Metals andGlaflres, by that Time I could fix them to the Objeft, were covered a quarter of an Inch thick with Ice, and thereby thcObjeft rendered indiftinft, fo that it is not without great Difficulties that any Obfervations can be taken. Bottles offtrong Beer^ Brandy , firong Brine, Spirits of Winey fet out in the open Air for three or four Hours, freeze to folid Ic6. I have tried to get the Sun*s Refraction here tb>very Degree above the Horizon^ with Elton*s Quadrant, but to no purpofe, for the Spirits froze almoit as foon as brought into open Air; ,;;.'^,.; v;)",^'- J'^;;;^;; t ^'"''/r!^'^' ''-^' . The Frod: is never outrbfth^ now deep we cannot be certain. Wt'haVe dug down lo or 12 Feet, and found th^ Earth hard frozen in the two Summeij Months*, ar^fV^liat Moifturewe find five or fix Fec;t d0wn, i^ White like Ice. The Waters or Rivers 'li^ar the Sea, where tLe Current of the. Tide flows jftrong, do not freeze a- bove '9 lor to Feet deep. , ' ^ All the Water we ule for, Cooking, Brewing, 6ff . is melted Snow and Ice ; nb Spring is yet found free from freezing, thdugh dug never fo deep down. All Waters inland are frozen faft by the Beginning of 0^^^^,. and continue fo till the Middle of May, The Walls of the Houfe we live in are of Stone, two Feet thick, the Windows very fmalf, with thick wooden Shutters, )vhich are clofe fhut 18 Hours every Day in the Winter. There are Cellars Bb2 under id M \4 I If ■ i ' >, , ■< ''21 . I ■• ! ) I i h ( '96) \mder the Houfc, wherein we put our Pf^tftes^ Brandy^ firong Beer, Butter, Cheefe^ &c. Four large Fires are made in great Sroves, built on purpofe, every Day: As foon as the Wood is burnt down to a Coal, the Tops of the Chimneys are clofc flopped with an Iron Cover : This keeps the Heat within the Houfe (though at the iame time the Smokti makes our Heads ake, and is very ofFenfive and unwholfome) ; notwithftanding which, in four or five Hours after the Fire is out, the Infide of the Walls of our Houfe And Bed-places will be two or three Inches thick with Ice, which is every Morning cutaway with a Hatchet. Three or four times a Day we make Iron Shot of 24 Pounds Weight red-hot, and hang them Dp in the Windows of our Apartments. I have a good Fire in my Room the major Part of the 24 Hours 5 yet all this will notprcfervc my'Beer,f^tney Ink^ &c. from freezings* 'i ,»>s?r#-^i^mio s>l^-^ &rFor our Winter Dre^ we make ufe of three Pair of Socks of coarfe Blanketing or DufReld for the Feet, with a Pair of 'Deer'Jkin Shoes over them 5 two Pair of thick iS^rj'/j^ Stockings, and a Pair of Cloth Stockings upon them ; Breeches lined with Flannel; two or three Englipj Jackets, and a Fur or Leather Gown over them j a large Beaver Cap, double, to come over the Face and Shoulders, and a Cloth of Blinkeiting under fhe Chin ; with Yarn Gloves, and ajilarge Pair of Beaver Mittings hanging down from the Shoulders before, to put our 'Hands in, which reach up as high as our Elbows *, yet notwithftanding this warm Cloathing, almoft every Day, fome of the Men that ftir abroad, if any Wind blows from the northward, are dreadfully frozen 5 fome have their Arms, Hands, and Face blifter'd and frozen in a terrible manner, the Skin coming dF foon after they enter a warm Houfe, afnd fome have loft their Toes. Now their iying-in for the Cure of thefe frd- zeii Pans, brings on the Scurvy in a lairnentabk i-- '^ manner. ^97) manoen Maey have died of it, and few are free from that Pii^mper. I have procured them all the Helps I could, from the Diet this Country affords in Winter, fiKh as freOi Fiih, Partridges, Broths, 6f^. and the Do^lors have ufed th(;ir utmoil Skill in vain ; tor I find nothing will prevent that Diflemper from being mortal, but Exercife and (tirring abroad* txii) . Cerma and Parhelia^ commonly called Halo's^ and Mi(k^SunSi appear frequently about the Sun and Moon here. They are feen once or twice 9 Week about the Sun, and once or twice a Month about the Moon, for four or five Months in the Winter, feveral Corona oi different Diameters apt pearing at the fame time. I have ktTi five or fix parallel Corona concentric with the Sun feveral tinnes in the Winter, being for the mo(^ part very bright, and always attended with Parhelia or Mofk-Suns, The Parhelia are always ac- companied mih Corona^ if the Weanher is clear ; and continue for feveral Pays tcxgether, from the Sun's Riiing to his Setting. Thefe Rings are of various Colours, and about 40 or 50 Degrees in Piameter.^ The frequent Appearance of thefe Phenomena in this frozen Clime feems to confirm Defcartes*^ Hy» pothefis, who fuppofes them to proceed from Ice fufpended in the Air. The Aurora Bor-ealis is much oftner feen hpt^ than io England \ feVi^m a Night palTes in the Winter free from their Appearance. They fhine with a fur- prizing Brightnefs, extinguifhing all the Stars and Pla- nets, and covering the whole Hemifphere : Their tremiuk)us Motion from all Parts, their Beauty and Lufbe, are tnuch the fame as in the northern Paris Qi Sfottand^ Denmark^ Uc. jA ii^d? The drciiful long Winters here may almoft be compared to the Polar Parts, where the Abiepce of the Sun contbues for fix Months ^ the Ait being perpetually chilled iind frozen by the northerly . Winds k n\ IM k 1 li-^nM ": r - '^ X** ^ ** »■ *■ \ k # ( '98 ) Winds in Winter^ and the cold Fogs and Mills ob- ftrufting the Sun's Beams in the fhort Summer we have here ; for notwithftanding the Snow and Ice is then diflblvcd in the Low-lands and Plains, yet the Mountains are perpetually covered with Snow, and incredibly large Bodies of Ice continue in the adja- cent Seas. If the Wind blows from the fouthern Parts, ths Air is tolerably warm, but infufferablycold when it comes from the nortJiward, and it ieldom blows otherwife than between the north-eafl: and the north- Vreft, except in the two Summer Months, when we liave, for the major part, light Gales between the taft and the north, and Galms*. The northerly Winds being fo extremely cold, is owing to the Neighbourhood of high Mountains, whofe Tops are perpetually covered with Snow, which exceedingly chills the Air palling over them. The Fogs and Milb that are brought here from the Polar Parts, in Winter, appear vifible to the naked Eye in Icicles innumerable, as fmall as Bne Hairs or Thrieads, and pointed as Iharp as Needles. Thefe Icicle lodge in our Cloaths, and if our Faces or Hands be uncovered, they prefently raife Blifters as Vrhite as a Linnen Cloth, and as hard as Horn. Yet if we immediately turn our Backs to the Wea- ther, and can bear our Hand out of pur Mitten, and iwith it rub the bliftered Part for a fmall time, we fometimes bring the Skin to its former State : If Hot, we make the bc^ of our way to a Fire, and get warm Water, wherewith we bathe it, and there- by diinpate the Humours raifed by the frozen Air j otherwile the Skin would be off in alhort time, with much hot, ferous, watry Matter coming from under along with the Skin ; and this happens to foniealnnoft every time they go abroad for fivie or fix Months in the Winter, fo extreme cold is the •Air when the Wind blows any thing ftrong. ;;;,p{>flOC| a^S g!tolC»'»d *UA v^^ <3 a t? if WO- Now ...T/r ( '99 ) Now I have obferved, that when it has beien ez' treme hard Froft by the Thermometer, and little or no Wind (hat Day, the Cold has not ni'ar fo fen- fibly afFcfted us, as when the Thermometer has fhewed much lels freezing, having a brifk Gale of northerly Wind at the fame time. This Diffttrence may perhaps be occafioncd by thofe Iharp-pointed Icicles before- mentioned ftriking more forcibly in a windy Day, than in calm Weather, thereby pene- trating the naked Skin, or Parts but thinly covered, and caufingan acute Senfation of Pain or Cold : And the fame Reafon, Hhlnk, will hold good in other Places; for fhould the Wind blow northerly , any thing hard for many Days together in England^ the Icicles that would be brought from the Polar Parts by the Continuance of fucha Wind, though imper- ceptible to the naked Eye, v^ould more fcnlibly af- fed: the naked Skin, or ^arts but (lightly covered, than when the Thermometer has Ihewn a greater Degree of freezing, and thei;e has been little or^iio Wmd at the fame time^ »; o^inio^i .nu. ,....u. . It is not a little furpriling to many, that fuch ex- treme Cold fhould be felt m thefe Parts of America^ more than in Places of the fame Latitude on the .Coaft of Iforwa^ ; but the Difference I take to be occafioned by the Wind blowing conftantly here, for fcven Months in the twelve, between the north-eaft and north-Weft, and paffing over a large Tra6t of Land, and exceeding nigh Mountains, i^c, as before mentioned: Whereas at Vrunton in Norway^ as I obferved fome Years ago in wintering there, the Wind all the Winter comes from the north and north rforth-weft, and crofles a great Part of the Ocean clear of thofe large Bodies of Ice.we find here perpetually. At this Place we have conftavntly^^Very xear nine Months Froft and Snow, and unfufferable Cold from OSlober till the Beginning of May, In the long Winter, as the Air .becomes lefs ponderous 2 towards i -Ml 'A II, IT f I'M 1\7}\ ( 200 ) towards the Polar Parts, and nearer t6 an yEquili* iriUnti as it happens about one Day in a Week, we then have Calms and light Airs all round the Com- pafs, continuing fometinnes 24 Hours, and then back to its old Place again, in the fame manner as it hap- pens every Nighc in the IFeft'Indies^ hear fome of theiflands, ?tw MiitiW nn^,, .' The Snow that falls here is as fii^te as Duft, but never any Hail, except at tht Beginning and End of Winter. Almoft every Full and Change of the Mood, very hard Gales from the north. The conftant Trade Winds in thefe northern Parts I think undoubtedly to proceed from the fame Principle, which our learned Dr. // {^i March laft 1 741-2, ac J '■ CC2 jij 55 50 I find ill i:i- ('■■J I,,: :;l I: ii ■Hf I fi'If'i:.; I «; m ■I'll w ^ : ' u. ■ 1 . . f ■ ( 204 ) I find the fame Emerfion happened yh, ^ ^ *. at Lomhn, by Mr. Powtd's Tables,com- pared with fbme Emerfions a^ually^iS 15 lol obferved in England near the famel .. Tuneat^ W3£31?^ It) W r-ri . '. A . X ■ t^ ' "Whence the horary Difference of! Meridians, between For( Churckmc ^ ^9 20 1 SLnd London, comes out r ■ ••♦ *'KvJ:5r?r*' Which converted into Degrees ofl the Equator, gives for the Diftance>94® 5©' of the fame Meridians - - - - j "Wfiercfore, fince the Time at London vna later in Denomination than that at Churchill, it follows that, according to this Obfervation, Churchill is 94 De- grees 50 Minutes in Longitude weft of London, I took fcveral other Obfervations, which agreed one with another to lefs than a Minute, but this I look upon as the mo(t diftinft and beft. The Obfervation was made with a good 15 Foot ref rafting Telefcope, and a two Foot Rcflcdor of Gregory's Kind, having ;igood Watch of Mr. Gr«- ham*s that I could depend upon *, for I have frequent Opportunities of difcovering how much its Variation amounted to, and conflantly found its daily Devia- tion or Error to be .15 Seconds too (low ; by which means it was as ufetui to me for all Purpbfes, as if it had gone moft conltaiuly true without any Change. This Watch I kept in my Fob in the Day, and in Bed in the Night, to preferve it from the Severity of the Weather ; for I obferved, that all other Watches were fpoiled by the extreme Cold. I have found, from repealed Obfervations, a Me- thod of obtaining the true Time of the Day at Sea, by taking eight or ten different Alticiides of the Sun or Stars, when near the Prime Vertical, by Mr. •• ' ■ { Smithi\ » . ; 1 1 . ■ '^— • 1 ri— ; p 6 '9 20 -- ♦ •vM *i« ♦^ ) ■ K ' H^ 5«' /r ( ^^5 ) Sfmtb^s or Mr. Badley*% Quadrant, which I have pradifed tbef4 three or four Years paft, and never found from the Calculations, that they differed one from another biore than lo or 15 Seconds of Time. This Certainty^ of the true Time at Sea is of greater Ufe in the Pradice of Navigation, than may appear at firft Sight ; for you thereby not only get the Va- riation of the Compafs without the help of Alti- tudes, but likewife the Variation of the Needle from the true Meridian, every time the Sun Or Star is feen to tranfit the fame. Alfo having the true Time of Day or Night, you may be fure of the Meridian Altitude of the Sun or Star, if you get a Sight 15 or 20 Minutes before or after it pafles the Meridian ; and the Latitude may be obtained to lefs than five Minutes : With feveral other Ufes in agronomical. Obfervations ; as the Refradion of the Atmolphere, and to allow for it, by getting the Sun's apparent Riling and Setting, which any body is capable of doing, and from thence you will have the RefraAion. If we had fuch a Telefcope contrived as Mr. Smith recommendis to be ufed on Shipboard at Sea, now we can have an exaft Knowledge of the true Time of the Day or Night from the above Inflruments and a good Watch, we (hould probably be able toobferve the Eclipfcs of the firft Satellite of Jupiter^ or any other Pbdnomenon of the like Kind, and thereby find the Diftance of Meridians, or Longitude at Sea. ;;. n..-^ :..-^ The Vadkfbri of the Magnetic Needle, or Sea- Compafs, obferved by me at ChurchiUm 1725, (as in N®. 393 of the Philofopbical franfailions for the Months of March &nd April 1726.) was at that time north 2 1 Degrees wefterly, and this Winter I have carefully obferved it at the Tame Place, and find it no more than 1 7 Degrees, fo that it has differed about one Degree in four Years j for in 1738, I ob- 1 ; i i :! ■ IJ, 1:1 k Hi ; ; III' * HiC" |l '.s i III' il^i'S "''11; H'>? J!|: ( 206 ) ferved it here^ and found its Declination 18 De- grees wefterly. I have carefully obferved, and made proper Allowance for the Sun's Declination and Rerradtion, and ind the Latitude here to be 58 Degrees 56 Minutes north : But in moft Parts of the World, where the Latitudes are fixed by Sea- men, they are for the moft part falfly laid down, for want of having regard to the Variation of the Sun*s Declination, which, computed at a diftant Meridian, when the Sun is near the Equator, may make a great Error in the Sun's rifing and fetting Azimmbs^ &c. Thefe things I thought proper to take notice of, ^as they may be of Service to Navigators, and the ■■ Curious in natural Inquiries. ^ The foregoing Relation having been given by Capt. Midi/U- .ton to the late worthy Prefident of the Royal Society, Sir . Hans Shane, Bart, he was pleafed to communicate the fame to the Society, and at the lame time, as the jfurviving Trullee of the late Sir Godfrey Copley, to nominate Capt. MiddUton to receive this Year the Prize Medal, given annually by the Roy alSociety, in confequence of Sir Godfrey^ Benefaction ; t, and the fame was accordiugly prefented to the Captain on St. dfWr/w I • jiJBfl]' (- *>r.iici i^om-'fu TrnH nTx^.n'a^ti.'n .-,>:il 97^. .•i» xn l;i4J,- ..« li.i I. jm' Sfil it;! - i;:iiiV. ./J a Vu ni:;bn3i !Wi\i T4S l-<)I,t^'^f1^q :J%'r{|^t)r-|^14g^ ^lijli. Hvi;;?::. !c> fi m yMii V1)W! > '<- >iv; .i.v;'( 1 OJ V^m^i}^ r,; t^;V*tMS. i.~V' >»n •V «.'if ^ iti^-e^i-^T., • .>((,■•.■ *^. :.€ H.I !t i.l'J :«i I' "I • :i' SI 1 i If f nil' Si I; III !■« !ii I3ii|-i •;'i ^t '■'1 Several ABBREVIATIONS which are made Ufe of in the following Logg Journal explained, L. W. at the Top of Col. 2. ftands for Lee Wa^^ where the Numbers expreis Degrees. H. at the Top of Col. 3. ftands for Hours. K. at the Top of Col. 4. ftands for Knots, F. at the Top of Col. 5. ftands {or FtirlongSy or the eighth Part of a Mile. Sd. Sounded, Sqs. Squalls, A. M. 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S 'S 'B i 1 M b< » bk I 60 (» S "§ jS .8 I ^S s s s •a.. ii 1 1 ^ I 1 1 i ^ ^ I I 1 ^ ^^ s 1 1 • H ?5 -, • m • z • • 1 • n U • M • u m • u • (.; '.f /*■ sO t^ NO -* -^ tr> .c» r^ ^ &a CO N , - - -1 *•« "* 1 - — s N ^1 VO 00 00 00 2 1 -^ 1 TT NO 00 N »« M M 00 tA «n to • .« >^ bO ^'S^ .X) VO O W* •a u\ • fd 8 C NO B O O K S PRINTED for and SOLD by JACOB ROBINSON, At the Gtilden Lioriy in Ludgate-Street^ near St, PauTs Church. F o L I b. -^ New Pande£l of the Roman Civil Law, as an- ciently eitabliihed in that Fmpire ; and now received and pradlifed in moft European Na- tions : Shewing wherein that Law difters from the Municipal Laws of Great Britain, from the Canon Law in general, and from that Part of it now in Ufe with us in England. 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A Compleat Method of Studying Divinity : Or, a Regular Courfe of Theological Studies, digefted in a New Method. To which is annexed, A Catalogue of the molt important Theologi- cal Queftipns, and of the mod eminent Authors that have wrote upon each Qjeftion. Written originally in French, by the late celebrated M. Du Pin, and now firft tranflated into Engltjh, 5 s. The Fables of ^sop, and other eminent Mythologiits ; • With Morals and Reflexions. By Sir Roger L*£(trange, Knt. The 8th Edition corrected. 5 s. The Hiftory of the Life and Reign of Lewis XIV, King of France and Navarre. 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Proofs that the Meflias 1 aire: mnes tere Operationes Chymicje ad vera Principia 8e ipliu? Natiirff- I.eges rediguntur : Anno 1704. Oxonii, in Mufeo Afiimoic.n t, habita?. A Johanne Freind, M. D. Editiu altera, prlore envndacior : cui acce;;i Appendix, in qna continentur Le(^lu»iu]m Chymicarum Recenfio & Vindiciae, 3 s. Jrharirib Frcind ad ceiebemmum Virum Ricardum Mead, M. D de c]uibufdam \ ariolamm Generibus Epiliola. i s. A^ B. 'J his Traft is very fcarce ard valuable. Oratio Anniverfana inTheatro Collegii Regalis Medicorum Londin. habita. Ex Harvxi Inllituto, in eorum Commemorati- onem,qui iua in i)oc Collegium beneficentia claruerunt. Die xviii Odtob Ann. 1720. 6d. The Lives of illultrious Men, Britidi and Foreign, who died in the Years 1711 and 1 7 1 2. vix. the Emneror yojepb ; the lauphini the Prince of Friejlatidi the Duke of i2«//«»// ; the Duke of Newcaji/f ; the Duke of Bedford i^ th^ Duke of Dover a and Sold hy Jacob Robinson. $ the Marefchal de Bouflers ; the Marquis tie Ltganex ; the Earl of BoUngbrokei the Earl of Koiheften the Earl of Bath-, the Lord Crwveni the Lord Willomjjbs of Brooke i Monfieur Boileau i Anthony Henley, Efq; Mr. Podnuell ; the Duke of Hamilton ; the Duke of Leeas ; the Earl ofGoMphini the Earl of Ranelaughi the Earl Rivers ; the Lord Mohun ; Lieut. General Woodi Arthur Manwaringy Efq; Mr. Richard CromiveU, once Lord Proteftor of England, Scotlundy and Ireland^ the fecond Dauphin i the Duke de VenJofme ; the Marefchal de Catinat ; Mr. hudolph \ and leveral other conliderable Perfons. In 2 Vol. 9 s. Woman not inferior to Man : Or, a fhort and modeft Vin- dication of the natural Right of the Fair Sex to a perfeft E- quality of Tower, Dignity, and Elleem, with the Men. By Sophia, a Perfon of Quality, Price i s. .*. Woman's fuperior Excellence over Man. Being a Reply to all the Objedlions that have been made to the foregoing Dif- courfe: With a plain Demonftration of Woman's natural Right even to Superiority over the Men in Head and Heart ; proving their Minds as much more beautiful than the Men's, as their Bodies are ; and that, had they the fame Advantages of Education, they would excel them as much in Senfe as they do in Virtue. The whole interfperfed v/ith a Variety of iVlalc Charaflers, which fome of the moft noted Heroes of the prefent Age had the Goodnefs to fit for. By the Author of Woman not inferior to Man, is. 6d. The Com PLEAT Surgeon, or the whole Art of Surgery explained in a molt familiar Method. Containing the Principles of (bat Art ; and an exaft Account of Tumcursy Uicers, and Wounds^ fimple ai.J complicated, with thofe by Gunjhot : K% alfu of Ve- nereal Di/eafeSy the Scurvy, Fra£iures, and Luxations. With all Sorts of Chirugical Operations ; The Bandages and DrejfftngSy which are illuftrated in forty Copperplates; the Method of dif- fe£ling the Brain, bv M. Duncan ; feveral Refledions and new Machines by M. Arnaud. Likewife a Chirurgical Dif^enfatory ; (hewing the Manner of preparing all fuch Medicines as are moll necefTary for a Surgeon ; and particularly the Mercurial Panacea. Written in French by M. Le Clerc, Phyfician in Ordinary to the late French King. The fixth Edition. To which are added, the Method of Mid- twiferyi of preparing the Unguentum Martis, and the Unguentum Styracis} a (hort Inirodudion to Botany ; and fome Examples of Reports in Surgery. 5 s. A Tour through the whole Ifland of Great-Britain. Divi- ded into Circuits or Journies. Giving a particular and entertain- ing Account of whatever is curious, and worth Obfervation, iviz. 1. A Defcription of the principal Cities and Towns, their Situation, Government, and Commerce. IL The Cuftoms, Manners, Exercifes, Diverfions, and Employments of the Peo- ple. III. The'l'roduce and Improvement of the Lands, the Trade ri:i hiiii 6 BOOKS Prime J fir Trade and Manufeftures. IV. The Sea Ports aod Fortificttiont the Courfe of Rivers, and the Inland Navigation. V. The publick Edifices, Seats, and Palacesof the Nobility and Gentry VI. The Ifles of Wight, Portland, ]tr(ty, Guernfey» and the other Englilh and Scottifli Ifles of moft Note. Interfperfed witli ufeful Obfervations. Particularly fitted for the Perufal of fuch as defire to travel over the Ifland. By a Gentleman. The third Edition. With very great Additions, Correftions| and Improvements j which bring it down to the prefent Time) 4 Vol. 1 2 s The Clerk's Aflbciate : Containing an Account of the High Court of Chancery, of the Offices, Clerks, and their Bufinefs. Alfo the Method of Practice and Proceedings. Together with Variety of ufeful Forms and Inftructions. Fitted for the Ufe of young Clerks in Chancery, Practifers, k^c. By a Genr'rinan of Lincoln's Inn, 2s. The Kebla : Or, a Defence of Eaflward Adoration. By John Andrews, Minifler of South Newington (n Oxfordfliire, 6 d. A Prefervative againft unfeftled Notions, and want of Principles in Regard to Righteoufnefs and Chriflian PerfedUon. An explanatory Sermon on that miftaken Text, Be not righ- teous ever-much ; neither make thyfelf orer-nuife : Why Ptouldji thou iltf.roy thyfelf? Being an Anfwer to Dr. Trapp's four Sermons upun the fame Text, perverted againft the Methodifts. Tq which is prefixed, a ferious Addrefs to all the true Members cf Chrift's Holy Church, 6d. The History of the Works oflthe Learned, from the Year 1737 to this prefent Time. Giving a General View of the State of Learning throughout Europe, and containing an impartial Account and accurate Abflra£ts of the moft valuable Books publilhed in Great-Britain and Foreign Parts. Interfper- fed with Diftertations on feveral curious and entertaining Sub- jefts, critical Reflections, and Memoirs of the moft eminent Writers in all Branches of polite Literature. Among a great Variety of curious Articles, are the following, w«. I. Philo- fophical Tranfa£tions for the Year 1736. II. Dr. Lamotte's Remarks on the Death of Cato, &c. III. The Hiftory of ^he Life of James Duke of Ormond, &c. By Thomas Carte, M. A. IV, Du Halde's Hiftory of China. V. Lamotte*s Hiftory of Herod the younger, &c. VI. The Memoirs of Charles Lewis, Baron de PoUnitz, &c. VII. M. Drake's Hi- ftory of the City of York. VIII. An Examination of thp Queftion, Whtfther ^neas ever came to Italy, or not \ By CKarles Lamotte, D. D. IX. The facred and profane Hiftory pf the World conne^ed, &c. By Samuel Shuckford, M. A. X. M. Lamotte's Remarks upon the Voice that was heard in the Temple before the Deftruilion of Jerufalem, &c. XI, Mr. Broughton's Hiftorical Library. XII. Lamotte's Re- marks on the Table-Geftare of the Ancients. Y^\\X, A Suit^- eral View of imd SaU h Jacob Robinson. 7 tnary o( the Letters that paiTed between the Reverend Mr. Jackfon and William Dudgeon. XIV. Remarks upon the two Battles of Philippi in the Georgics. By Dr. Lamotte. XV. M. Roilin's Hiftory of the Ancients. XVI. The true Gofpel of Jefus Chrift afferted. By Thomas Chubb. XVII. Lamotte's Remarks on the Death of Brennus and his Army at Del- phis. XVIII- The Divine Legation of Mofes demonllrated. By William Warburton, A. M. XIX. Lamotte*s Remarks upon a Paffage in V irgil, relating to Agriculture. XX. The Prefent State ot Germany. XXI. Travels and Obfervations relating to feveral Parts of Barbary and the Levant. XXII. An Enquiry into the Religion of Seneca the Philofopher. XXIII. Th6 Figure of the Earth demonllrated, from Obfervations made by Order of the French King. By M. Maupertuis. XXIV. The Divine Authority of the New Teftanient averted. By John Lealand, D. D. XXV. A Vindication of the Jews and their Religion, from the Calumnies of the Egyptian, the Greek, and the Roman Writers. By Charles Lamotte, D. D. XXVI. Warburton*s Letters in Vindication of Mr. Pope^s EfTay on Man, from the Mifreprefentations of M. Croufaz. XXVII. Lamotte's Difiertation on the notable Miftake of Servius the Grammarian, in Relation to Ptolomy the Aftronomer. XXVIII. A Tour thro* the whole Ifland of Great-Britain. XXIX. Re< marks on Archimedes*s fetting the Roman Ships on Fire with Burning-GlalTes at Syracufe, and on Hannibars diffolving the Alpes with Vinegar, in his famous PafTage to Italy from Spain. By Dr. Lamotte. XXX. The Life of Milton. By Mr. Birch. XXXI. An Eflay on the Invention and Antiquity of Tele- fcopes. By Dr. Lamotte. XXXIl. The Hiftory of Prince Eugene of Savoy. XXXIII. The Jevilh Spy. XXXIV. Re- marks on Shakel'pear's Writings. By the Reverend Mr. War- burton. XXXV. The Hiftory of the Life of Peter I. Emperor of Rulfia. XXXVI. A Defence of Mofes's Account of the Land of Judea. By Dr. Lamotte. XXXVII. Remarks upon fome PaiTages in Florus; with Obfervations on the Roman Triumphs. By Dr. Lamotte. XXXVIII. The Philofophical Tranfaftions for the Year 1738. XXXIX. Stone-henge, a Temple reftored to the Britifli Druids. By Dr. Stukeley. XL. The Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe, in his EmbafTy to the Ottoman Porte. XLI. A compleat Edition of the Philofophical Works of Ci- cero. In French and Latin. By M. Durand. XLII. A DiiTer- tation on St. Paul's Appeal to Csefar. By Dr. Lamot^. XLIII. Pamela : or. Virtue Rewarded, &c. XLIV. The Antiquity of the Sea-Coropafs. By Dr. Lamotte. XLV. The Lives of the Profeffors of Grelham-College. XLVL The Hiftory of the LifeofM. T.Cicero. By Dr. Middleton. XLVII. Two re- markable Differtations. By Dr. Lamotte. XLVIII. Dr. Watts's Eflay for the Improvement of theMind. XLIX. Dr. Morgan's Phyfico-Tht«!ogy. L. An Effay ugon Criticks and Criticifm. By M! :i: g BOOKS Prlnttd fli$ &c. By Dr. Lamotte. LI. A Diflerutipn upon the Condud of GalHo, in Relation to the Apoftle St. Paul, fiy Charles Lamotte^ !D. D. LII. Mr. Whifton^s Account relating to the Difco- very of the Longitude. LIII. Remarks Upon the Pleafure, U&fulnefs, and Advantage of Fables. By Dr. Lamotte. LIV. Memoirs of Mr. Woollafton, Author of the Religion of Nature Delineated. LV. An Abridgment of the PhilofophicalHiibry and Memoirs of the Roval Academy of Sciences at l^aris. Com- piled by Mr. Fonten^lle. LVI. An Account of the State Papers of the Right Honourable Roger Boyle, the firft Earl of Orrery, &c. with his Life. LVlL Mr. Lowman*s Diflertation on the Civil Government of the Hebrews. LVIH. A CoIleAion of the State Papers of John Thurloe, Efq; By Thomas Birch, F. R. S. LIX. An Account of the Abbe Des Fontain*8 Profe Verfion of all Virgil's Works. LX. The Hiftory of Mofs. By J. J. Delenny, M. D. ProfeiTor of Botany at Oxford. LXL The Life of the Right Honourable Francis North, Ef()j Baron of Guilford) Lord Keeper of the Great Seal under King Charles IL By the Honourable Roger North, Efq; LXIL Dr. Water-c land's Sermons. LXIH; M. de Blainville's Travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, &c. By Dr. Turnbull. LXIV. An Hiftorical Account of the Life and Reign of David King of Ifrael. LXV. The Epiftles of M. T. Cicero to Brutus, and of Brutus to Cicero. By Conyers Middleton, D. D« LXVI. A General Syftem of Surgery, tranflated from the Latin of Dr. Lawrence Heifter, Profeffor of Phyfic and Surgery in the Univerfity of Helmftadt. LXVII. An Account of the Life of the celebrated Mr. Rollin. LXVIII. The Prin- ciples of a Theory of the Immaterial World. LXIX. The Microfcope made Eafy. By Henry Baker, F. R. S, ^r. ^c. The Virtuous Orphan : Or, the Life of Marianne, Countefa of *»***. In four neat Pocket Volumes. Tranflated from the French, los. The agreeable Variety of affeft- ing Incidents which copipofe this entertaining Hiltory, muit delight every intelligent Reader, whilft the Rtfleftiops, which are the natural Language of the Heart, have an apparent Tendency to improve the Mind, and infenfibly inUil a Love of Virtue. Delightful Task f to rear the tender Thought, To teach the Young Ideas how to fl- ot ! To pour the frefli Inftru£tion o*er the Mind ! To breathe th* infpiring Spirit, and to plant The gen<;rotts Purpofe m the glowing Breaft. Thom^son^ > ////< ::> /'