IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V^ \ 1 1.0 1.1 1.25 ■■ W §23 : Its mo y. 116 FhotogFajjiic Sciences Corporation ^'^ <> 23 WKT MAIN STRUT WIUTfR,N.Y. 1«SM (71«)t72-4S03 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. CensAsn liwtituw for HIttoHcal Mteroreproiluctionc / Inatltut ciMiiidiM d* micror«pf odMCtiona WttoriquM Tachnical mn4 libliovrapMc Notaa/NaiM MchniquM vt Mbiiogf«pHi«|tM» Th« InMttiJta has attannitad to obtain tho boat original copy availaMe for filming. Faaturat of this copy whicfi may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may significantly ehanga tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. n^^Colourad covars/ L-J CoMvarturo da coulaur r~~| Covars damagad/ D Couvartura andommagia Covars rastorod and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaur4a at/ou pailicuMa pn Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua r~n Colourad mapa/ D Cartaa giographiquas wt coulaur Colourad inic (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noirai rn Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ D D D D Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ RaliA avae d'autras documants Tight binding may eauaa shadows or diatortion along intarior margin/ Laraliura sarria paut eauaar da I'ombra ou da la dialoraion la long da la marga intAriaura Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibia, thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ 11 sa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchas ajoutias lors d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dans/ta taxta. mala, lorsqua cala Atait possibia. cas pa^aa n'ont pas £t« fiimiaa. Additional eommants:/ Commantairaa supplimantairas; toth L'Institut a microfilm* la maiUaur axamplatra qu'il lui a At* possibia da sa procurar. Les details da cat axampiaira qui sont paut-*tra uniquaa du point da vua bibiiographiqua, qui pauvant madifiar una imaga raproduito, ou qui pauvam 9»iQ9r una modification dans la mithoda normaia do filmaga sont indiqu*s ci-daaaoua. D Colourad pagaa/ Pagaa da coulaur |~~| Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommag*aa Pagaa rastorad and/or laminatad/ Pagaa raataurias at/ou paiiieuiiaa t*agaa discolourod, ttainad or foaatf/ Pagas d*color*as. tachat4as ou piqute* Th*l poaa ottH fHmi Ofigi bagh ttMl •Ion, oth« firat aion. orNt □Pagaa datachad/ Pagaa ditach*as rTT/showthrough/ L-^ Tranaparanca rn Quality of print varias/ Qualit* in4gala da I'imprassion Includas supplamantary matariai/ Compraitd du matiriai suppl*mantaira Only adition avaiiabia/ Sauia Edition disponibia Tha shall TINl whic Mop diffa antir bagJi right raqu nrtati D Pagas wholly or partially obscurad by arrata slips, tissuas, ate. hava baan rafilmad to ansura tha bast possibia imaga/ Laa pagas totaiamant ou partiallamont obscurcias par un fauillat d'srrata. una palure. ate. ont *t* fiimias * nouvaau da fa^on * obtanir la maillaura imaga possibia. Thia itam is filmad at tha raduction ratio chackad balow/ Ca documant ast film* au taux da r*duction indiqu* ci-dassous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 12X 1«X aox 2iX 30X a4x 28X 32X TYw cofiy filmMl h«r« Km b««i to tlw f«n«roslty of: thanks Ntotropolttan Toronto LIkrary Scicno* A TNhnoloiy Dipartintiit L'Momplairt filmA f ut roproduit grico i la ginArosM d«: RNttropolitin Toronto LNMrory Sttone* ft Ttchnolofy Dtpwti m w t Th* lifMQw appnaring hara ara tha baat quality poa a lbia conaWaring tha condition and iaglbility of tha original copy and In kaaplng wKh tha fHming contract apacifleatlono. Original coplao In printad papar covers ara filmad beginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or llluatratad Impraa- sion, or tha hack covar witan appropriate. AH othar original copiaa ara IHmad baginning on tha fk-st paga with a printad or llluatratad knpraa- sion, and anding on tita last paga with a printad or Hkiatratad impraeaion. Las Imagas suivantas ont 4tA raprodultas avac la plus grand soin, compta tanu da la conditton at da la nattat* da I'axamplaira f llmA. at an conformiti avac las conditiona du contrat da filmaga. Laa axamplairas origlnaux dont la couvartura an papiar ast imprimia sont fiimAs on comman9ant par la pramlar plat at an tarminant salt par la darrtlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprasslon ou d'lllustration. solt par la second plat, salon le cas. Tous las autras exemplalres origlnaux sont f llmis an commenpant par la premlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte d'Impresslon ou d'lllustration at en terminant par la darniAre page qui comporte une telle emprelnte. Tha laat recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain tha symbol — ^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol ▼ (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un dee symholes suivants apparattra sur la darnlAre image do cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — »> signifle "A 8UIVRE", le symbols ▼ signifle "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed et different reduction ratios. Thoss too large to bo entirely Included in one exposure are filmed beginning ki the upper left iiand corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many frames aa required. The following diagrams Illustrate tlie method: Lee cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Acre fllmte i des taux da reduction diff Grants. Lorsqua le document est trop grand pour Atre raproduit on un seul clichA, 11 est filmA i partir da I'angle supArieur gauche, do gauche A drolte, et do haut en bas, en prenant la nombre d'Images nAcessaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrent la mithoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ifw" i?Jf^rt h 1 6: '^ MAIN SEWAGE SYSTEM. *& INTERCEPTING AND OUTFALL SEWERS. . 1. REPOET TO COUNOIIi, SEPTEMBER I, 1886. 2. RBPOBT TO COMMITTEE ON WORKS, AUGUST 24i!h, 188«, GfVlNQ COSTS OF THE WOBKS. 3. REPORT TO COMMITTEB ON WORKS, AUGUST IOth, 1886, INTRODUCING RBPOBT OF HON; W. J. JfoALPlNE. 4. REPORT OF MESSRS. MoALPINB, TULLY, AND THE CITY ENGINEER. 5. CITY ENG^NBBR^S REPORT TO -raE COMMITTEE ON WORKS, MARC^ 1886. i Presented U^ Oouncil Sept Bnd, 1886, im •V ^■■' f iMV 2/^1^ City Engineer's Office, Toronto, September Ist, 1886. To His Worship the Mai^or and the Council of the City of Toronto : Gentlemen, — T see by to-day's papers that the matter of the Trunk Sewer has been referred back to the ('ommittee on Works by the Executive 'Joiu- mittee for further information. The Report made to the Committee on Works on the 24th August, 1886, was for the purpose of giving a general description of the work to be done and the cost thereof, in order to allow of a By-law being prepared and submitted to the ratepayers for their approval. Messrs. McAlpine and I'ully's Report, presented to Council on the 2nd of August, 1886, and which is included in the Minutes, gives full information as to the size and capacity and details of the several works to be done in the construction of the sewers. I now beg to place before the Council this Report in pamphlet form, also my Report of March, I S86, which includes extracts from the Reports of precei I" ing Engineers j and also the Report of Prof. Laud Carpenter and Prof Mo- Adam, on the present state of the water of the Bay, and the necessity of providing other means of disposing of the City's sewage than those at present in use. Mr. McAlpine, when calculating the size of the several sewers of this system, provided for the. drainage of the oewers of the City with a population of 300,000 people, and J inch of rain-fall in twenty-four hours. During very heavy storms he has j)rovi(led for an overflow into the old sewer channels, so that there will be no ijossibility of damage to the works from flood water. For the present, the proposed Front Street sewer will carry the ordinary sewage flow to the outlet The proposal is to construct this sewer at onue, and follow with a second intercepting sewer on Gerrard Street, which will carry the sewage of the upper and northern portion of the City, relieving the Front Street sewer. The outlet sewer will be sufficiently large to carry the whole sewage of the City, with a population of 3(>0,U0ii. The expenditures on the sewers will extend over a number of years, probably ten years, before ' the whole scheme can je brought to completion. The construction of the Front Street sewer will relieve the harbor of the foulness now so much com- plained of by the citizens ; and the sewage upon entering the lake at th" outlet will be carried eastward, relieving the City completely from any fur- ther dangers from the effects of sewage. The Reports now presented give all the information necessary to enable the members of the Council to arrive at a thorough understanding of the scheme. The plan attached shews the course of the several sewers. Respectfully submitted. C. SPUOATT. (Approved) Kivas Tully. City Ekoinkbr's Office, ^ Toronto, August 24th, 1886. To the Chairman and Members Committee on Works : ' Gbntlehen, — I beg to report that all the necessary surveys have been made for the purpose of establishing a system of main intercepting sewers, and an outfall sewer for the removal of and the discharge of the City's sewage at some point where it will be carried eastward, and away from the City. 'ITiis system will consist cf two main intercepting sewers from the western portion of the City eastward to the River Don. The first of these sewers will be constructed on Gerrard Mtreet and on the line of Gerrard Street, extend- ing westerly from Bellwoods Avenue to River Street. 'llie second intercepting sewer will connect with the Garrison Creek sewer^ and from this connection will, from the flats of the Garrison Creek, cross the Doty property to Front Street, thence along Front Street to the River Don. These two sewers will be connected by a sewer laid along the flats of the Don River, southward from Gerrard Street to Front Street, and from this point the mam outfall sewer will extend in a south-easterly direction, discharging the sewage at some distance from the shore into the waters of the Lake, 30 feet below the surface. In addition to this, an intercepting sewer will be constructed along the Rose- dale ravine, from Yonge Street, in a south-easterly o'r action, and will connect with the Gerrard Street sewer. This sewer will c&ir>' the drainage of the northern part of the City, generally known as North Toronto. The estimated cost of the proposed main drainage of the City will be -$1,395,784, approximately. I have increased the cost as estimated by Mr. Mc Alpine and Mr. TuUy and reported to Council by an amount of $280,684, the items being as follows : For land damaged by the Gerrard Street sewer $ 20,000 00 Extra work on Front Street sewer 50,000 00 Extension of outlet further eastward if found necessary. 1 50,(XX) 00 Additional for Engineer's expenses and < nntingencies. 60,684 00 : Total $280,684 00 DETAILED STATEMENT. •Gerrard Street sewer $62,845 00 Repairs to roadway 11.000 00' 'Connecting with sewers 49,000 00 Land damages 20,000 00 $142,845 00 Front Street sewer $147,007 00 Repairs to roadway •. 15,000 00 Sewer connections. 27,600 00 Chambers, gates, turnouts 34,000 00 Ventilatore 5,000 00 228,607 00 1 t t I Connecting sewer 9 37,559 OO Repairs to roadway 7,111 00 Ventilators 2,500 00 47,170 00 Outlet sewer, including iron piping 762,000 00 Rosedale Creek sewer 33,104 00 •1,273,726 00 Add 15 per cent for engineering and contingencies. 182,058 00 Total 11,395,784 00 I would recommend that the work be proceeded with, and that a By-law be prepared and introduced by the Chairman of the Committee on Works and submitted by. the Council to the ratepayers in accordance with the conditions of the Act passed at the last session of the Ontario Legislature. Respectfully submitted. C Sproatt, City Engineer. RKOOMMEVDATIOX OF THK COMMITTEE ON WORKS, AUGUST 24tH, 1886. Your Committee would further recommend that in submitting the By-law to the people, that it be a part of the same that the debentures for the con- struction of the trunk sewer shall be issued year by year, in sufficient amounts only to provide for the work to be done in each year. . i Toronto, August 1 0th, 1886. To the Chairman and Memhen Committee on Works : Gentlkmen, — I beg to lay befere you the Report of the Hon. W. J. McAlpine Civil Engineer, and Kivas TuUy, Esq., C.E., who was associated with him, on the main drainage of the City. The Report embraces, as you are aware, two intercepting sewers, one located on the line of Gerr.ird Street, and the other along Front Street, from the Garrison Creek sewer to the Don River. Either of these main sewers can be built separately. The Report shews the necessity of commencing and completing this work at as early a date as possible, and I would ask the Committee to provide funds for the construction of the Front Street intercepting sewer. The amount required will be $300,000. A ques- tion may be raised as to the position of the outlet into the lake ) but this is a matter that can be determined during the construction of this portion of the work, as it will not iu any way interfere with the final disposal of the sewage. Respectfully submitted. C. Sproatt, City BSngineer. t 1 ^^>g>if*ffyf*if>^!!!fi!fififiif^fftfWig^^ OF THE Hon. W. J. McAlpine, Civil Engineer, KIVAS TULLY, Esq., Civil Engineer, jy/T/f WHOM WAS ASSOCIATED THE CITY ENGINEER, ON A SYSTEM OP Interceptiiig ni OntfaU Sewers, and the final disposal of the Sewage of the City of Toronto, ifiotgiaifiigia^gi Presented to the Mayor and City Council, at its Meeting held August 2nd^ *S6, >'>*ififfaifyig*fi>g>!eigifigifififie^f^0^!fifi»i^g^g>f^^ tiy"- ■ %'v , I 4 •. I '''■■■>.•■' '• : . : ■ i . ■ > ■•■•-.■,»'• ■v. .,•.,.«■;-■ f ' ' . '■ » ;. : :fA ' I « To Hia WoraKip W. U. Howland, Mayor, and Ike City Oouneit of Toroni« : Onntlimhn, In ohedioiico to your resolution of April 12th, 1886, in the following wordi s " Your Committoe begit to report that it hait had under consideration the im|iortancfl of procooding an rnpiilly as poHsible with the preliminary arrungoinontH for currying diit thi^ projected trunk sewer system of the City ; and whereaH the qucHtion of a proper system of drainage is of vital importance in the interest of the heiiltli of the citizens of Toronto, your Committee recommeufls the Council to engage the services of Messrs. Kivas Tully, of Toronto, and Hon. Wm. .1. Mc Alpine, of New York, Civil Engineenr, to be associated with Mr. C. 8proatt, City Engineer, for the purpose of making a lieport as to the best syHtem of drainage and means of disposing of the sewage of the City, and also the best means of dealing with the marsh and Ashbridgo's Bay, accompanying the same with the necessary plans and . an estimate of the noat, &c., and that the sum of $5,000 be placed to the • credit of your Committee on Works for the said purpose." We beg loa^o to rosjicctfully report as follows : line City of Toronto is built upon a sloping plain, rising from the shore of the Bay at an averages rate, one in seventy-tive, to a crest about 10,000 feet from the Bay, from which the ground falls steeply to the Rosedale oreek| a branch of the Rivor Don. This plain also slopes eastward from Spadina Avenue towards the Don, at an average rate of about one in three hundred, and westward to the Qarrison Creek. The topography of the City is well adapted to the application of a complete system of drainage at a comparatively small expense. The slopes from the crest towards the Lake are sufAcient t<» give the necessary '^ri^inage with sewers of moderate size, while those from Spadina Avenue eastward are in the direction in which the intercepting sewers must be laid towards the only places whore thtty can be properly discharged^ The coniaminatiuu of the water of the harbor and of the atmosphere of the ac^jacent districts of the City therefrom, and the serious effects upon the health of tbo people being acknowledgeosod will entitle the owners of abutting jiropcity to a new navigable outlet to the Lake. ] It is understood that the municipal government propose to dredge and side pile a new cliannel for the Don across the marsh, anii extend protecting piers into the Lake, and close up the present chaimel into the harbor. It will be subsequently stated that we recommend the currying out of these projects, and therefore it would not bo proper to discharge the sewage of the City into this Bay. The closing of the present outlet of the Don a> i the opening of a new channel to the Like will atlord facilities for the construction of the sewer to convey the combined sewage of the City to the deep water ol' the Like. "We shall subsequently discuss the effect of the discharge of the sewage at this place and also opposite Victoria Park ui)on the great body of the l,ake water. For the purpose of intercepting the sewage from the lowest portions of the City, and because of the low h^vel of the surface of the stiect, we hav»^ •arranged for avi intcrc(>pting sewer on Front Stnn't, u]»on the lowest rate of descent that the case admits (viz., I in l7H)(>), und for the piuiiosi- of econo- mizing the w'liole cost of the inturccpting drainage we have arrangeout twice that of the latt':r, and therel'oro the sewers as her<;in arranged will actually Ihj of suilieieiit capacity when the i»resent population shall have heen onadrupied. The average amoinit of sewage per heail of population is Cfpial to ten cuhic feet in twenty (bur lioins, and the maxinuun at iuiy time during the day is asstiiiu'«l at thl^ rate of lirt<>en cuhic feet per «lav. The pn'sent population of the ('ity is ahout I.U),(H)(), which wo have estiinale.«l may he douli!i:d in twenty years. We havi' sul> divided the < 'ity into districts, and have distril)uted this estimated future population to the .several sjih- distri«'ts, and have arranged the .size and .sl(tpe of the, ditl'erent .sections of tho .sew«'rs ill accorf one in«'h will not reitcli the inteicepting sewers at a rate exceeding that provided for. in the City Kngiiim's Kepoit ol' Manh, ISS('», is to IS7I, and a statement of the he.ivy rainfalls in the years |S7(» to li^SI, giving tlic depth of each in inches nnd the duration of the rain in hourti : * 6 'iUU>A is thiil of SoptoialitM- 1st, IS7S, viz., of I*I3 inches in oiiu liouf ; iUi<»th«!roii AiiyiisL (Itli, I87.S, of l'"J, of O'H') inchos in nno liour ; anothor on L'lth .luno, ISM, of inch»!s in twt'lvo liours." The rato at which th(! water froni'tho heavy rainfalls will reach the main sewers dtipemls upon the ccnulition (tf the earth froia |>revi<»us raiiis, or from Jjeinu: trozt^n, paved or eoven-d in part hy l»nildin;4s on the, slopes of the ground, and tii(^ amount and duration of (he storm. These eonditioits arc so varialile that no general estiiniittj of the rate, of How oil' ean he delinitely determined Irom a«iy given area or rainfall ; we «ro fherelore eompolled to assume the most unfavi)orted by piles and cross timbers, for the next 2,500 feet on the crib protections to the new entrance channel of the Don, and then for 4,100 feet the iron pipes will^be laid upon the bed of the Lake and protected from the dragging anchors of vessels with a timber frame and a mound of large stone. At tlio outer end of these pipes n low crib will bo sunk, so as to place the outlet of the pijtes six feet above the bed of the Lake. l»n the fither plan the eombined drainug<' will be conveyed in a sewer of masonry from the «>a.st side ol the Don t<» Vi« Joria Tark, a distance of 'ifyHW fei't, anct by iron pipes on the bed of tin' Like, pro- tecte«l from anchors, and with a low crib at thi* end, as has Iwen deiScribed above. Aii««*xe«l hereto is a table showing the drainage areas of the stibdivisions, the (|uantitit'S of sewage and storm wat«'r r«'fjuir(><| t-o be conveyed in the several parts of tin? pro|»osed intei-eepting sewers, and also the length, slope au<} si/e of eai-li. The estimated cost in «letail of each of the plans is given in the annexed statement. The aggregate mst of the first plan will be $1,1 1.'»,l(t0,and of the set^ond plan $l,t*42,Gfi.'i. Dill'erence in favor of the tirst plan f r)27,.')0.'j. [NoTR— Since tlie Report was submitted wo have found that a steel pipe of •seven feet adojittMl. Tlui f?nnoral niovoniont of tlui watoi's of J^ako Ontario is <«nstwar«J, with an av»'i'a}(«> (low oj'iilioiit forty f(M*t \*rv hotir. To ilftorniino wliotlior ttiovo jito any o«Mios or cinr<'nt« niovin.!:; in tho opj>OHit«> of (» to 40 feet «Ioi>tlifl, and wore put ovfrlxtanl from day to • day ill May ami Jun«« last, durin<; ul»i«'li the winds wort* from ««vory dinvtion. Tlio eom-so and distanc** moved l»y oaoli of tho lloats and tho dirortion and strcnj^th of tlio wind aro j:;ivon in tho acoompanyini; chart. Tlio analysis of their movonionts is as follows. (See Appendix.) On tho first plan, with tho discharge 4,1 ()0 feet south of tho proposo4l now mouth of tho Don, the<^ontents of the sewer would enter tho gn>at 5(ody of the Ijake waters with a velocity of three miles an hour and spread in every ilirection until its motion was lost. During this timo all of tho contained matter, which is heavier than water, would bo precipitated to tho bottom of tho Lake and remain there, because there is not sulliciont motion in tho I^kc water to maintain it in suspension. Tho eddies and counter currents which tho protective piere of tho Don channel will make in tho lake water will further dilfuso and separate the lighter portions of the sewage Huids. There is an almost constant current in tho entrance between the lake and the harbor, caused by the winds, 'flioso from the east southerly drive tho water into the harbor at its cast entrance and out at the West inlet, and with the M^nds from the contrary . On the second plan tho discharge of tho sewage Into the Lake ojiposito Victoria Park would be attended with the same conditions as above described; but the distance from the discharge to the intake of the water 8U2)ply is more than twice as great, viz., six and throe-tenths miles. This increased distance would tend to dilute and dift'uso tho sewage fluid more than on the first plan ; but, on the other hand, there would not be the effects of the immediate eddies and cross currents caused by tho piers at tho Don. We do not believe that the sewage discharge into tho I^ake at either of these places could undor any circumstances reach the water which is now pumped into the City. Having in view all of the circumstances of the case, and considering that the extension of tho place for tho discharge into the l^ake at N'ictoria Park is of constnictiMl ticroRH tlio Ifivor D<»n in onUit (oiMiiintHin th«» hydriuilic slope, of ihv. ♦>xt(!nsion for Mio intor- c«.'|)ting aewors IVoin (ioinird ami Front Stroota. The. oinliiinkinont will Iiiivc- to lu', rontimu'd across the niarsli to the liakn nhore in onler to iiroUH-.t the newer or iron |ti[»e from the ell'ects of the frost. At tlie entrane« of the channel a erihwork 10 feet in width, lojuleil with stone, aiifl of a .suthcieiit height to form a substantial pier on an average 20 feot in h(!i;:ht, forming the western sido of the new entrance to the Don, will also form a jnotection for the sewer in its passage to the Lake. C'rihwork of similar const ruction will he re(|uired on the eastern side of the eiitranoe, leaving a channel 200 feet in width between the piers. This channel to be dredged out to afford a depth of 11 feet of water. The channel should of course l)e extended to the River Don to form a new entraiKse to the J^ako in place of the, present outlet, which will f)e j-losed. The channel across the marsh should also bo dredged to afl'orl to the oiistern end of Ashbridgo's Bay 12 cil so that ojvcli of tlio luiid ownisrs along this iMtmnliiiy will liav(» a vviitur fi'ontage rqiml to tlio wiiltli ol' thoir rcspoctivu lots. It is furtlior itroi»osn(l to h-avo anothor oluuinol 2(K( Irot in witllli soiilli of and punillisl to this, with thnM) croHs chainiols rimniii;^ north hih I south l!0<> feet in width connoctod with tho oastorn ami vvostoin (ihaiiiiols, and with two lar;j;o ])asins, ono on tho uastorn ond at tho jnopost'd jidionn'nt tho j^'i't-utor ]iortion of tho May will lie divided into W water lots of over T) acres each havin;-' l'ronta;.;es on Hie ahove mentioned channels, and to ho <;onne.cterinci|ial streets. 'I"he alilaii which accoin|>anics this Keiiorl, and which will also exj)lain the extension of the inte-rccptin^ sewer. The si»;ice ba<'h havin.t» frontages on tho Toronto Bay and Don chainiel. Tho bea<'li forming tlio southern boundary of Ashbridge's Bay has been diviIock!i forming tho iJJ tvater lots. Excavations from City building lots, refuse and other suporttuous materials can be deposited in these enclosures, which when tilled up will no doubt in a few years be required for manufacturing and other purposes. By this arrangement the drainage of the low lying portions of tho City cast of the River Don will be provided for in as ample a manner as can bo accomplished without the use of a pumping apparatus, as the two entrances to Ashbridge's Bay will induce a current from the lake by the annual rise and fall of the water and constant fluctuations caused by tho winds on tho surface of- this water, which will keep the water comparatively pure anil improve tho sanitary condition of this portion of the City, an improvotucnt much required. If these improvements ai-c carried out, which, as a matter of course, will !>o extended over several years, tho marsh, which is now a detrimcint to tlio progress of tho eastern portion of tho City, may bo uiudo beneficial evoutually and profitably for tho capital invested. Wm. J. McAm'INb. KiVAH TtnxY. C. Sproatt, Toronto, August 2nd, 1886, 18 'I'lii' MiHlorsi^iird onfiroly ii;^rof's with Hio (ittnvi> U<'|iort ninl its conclusions, rx.it oj' the Vtoposed InUretpting Sewers. KIKST M.^N. Dischar^in;: into the l,ake oiiposite tho |»ropose iJJ foot •liaiiietors. Til, 220 vMh'ic yards of excavation and rolilling, 60c..,. $'.M,T.i'2 00 4,000 fer cuhic yard 3,K00 00 32,113 00 roplacinj? roadway, 1 1,000 Nqtiaro yards, $1 1 1,000 tH) Coiaioctioiiii with cio-^s sewers, vcutihitor», Ac 4lV^ t)0 '«122,S45 00 (?on»iecthi<» .sewnrn from ftorranl to Front Street, 4,000 foot In longth. 30,H22 cubic yards of excavation and refilling, 60c... . $1 H,493 00 4,(X)0 ft. of brick sewer, e.70. S,9;5:i 00 4,000 ft. brick sewer, cijtual to []} ft. diameter. $7.00.. JO,l:;;i 00 Uejdacing roadway, 7,111 square yards! 7,111 00 Ventilators, &c 2,500 00 $47,171 00 Front Street sewer, (jarrison Creek to tho Bon, l.*»,700 foot. 57,G2'J cubic yards excavation and rcUU- infe',60o 34,575 Ol> Hi'|>lariii;: riia'l\vny, l."»,(KM» sijiiarf yunl... roiiiir<'ti tM) I,S(I0 niliic yarils lirick inaBonry, $\'2 -JI/.OO (H) Turnout wwt'is, rliaitiliciM, j:att>H, I'tr., :i.|(K> r.M't 34,(MK) (KJ J(» viiiitilaloiH, etc :),(KJ(» 00 S'J,I.',2 00 l-VRjO 00 r)f),r)00 00 (^'a,«t iron |>i|«'H, Front Si root to tlic I,ako, -^/J'tO Coot, $50 121 V>W 00 2,4r)(» font in crib work, ^()0 147,000 00 4,100 foot into the Like, $50 205,000 ;inoer'8 estimate of the Kosoclale Creek Hcwor i» AiM ten per cent, for contingencies and superintend- once, makin/i; tlio total cowt of tlie HrHt plan SECOND PLAN. DiHcharf,'in,q into the Lake opposite Victoria Park.* The (terrard Street Hcwer, as on the first idan The Front Street sewer, as on the first pi«tn Connecting sewer, 14,0(K) cubic yards excavation and refilling, COc $ 8,400 (X) 4,000 cubic yards brick sewer, $12 48,000 00 VentiIatoi-8, etc 5/)00 00 612,000 00 ;i;i,un oo $1,115,100 00 Sower, (iorrard Street to Victoria Park, 140,000 cul)ic yards excavation, etc, (iOc $ 84,000 00 20,t)00 foot of brick sewer, $25 515,(HM) (K) Culverts, etc., per Mr. ♦^proatt's estimate 4,8S0 (N) Engines, houses, bridge over Don, and land ril)e9 into the l^ke 8,500 feet, at $50 $175,000 00 Crib and chamber 5,(XX) 00 1122,845 00 I98,()07 00 61,400 00 (W.ijSSO 00 ;}20,6t)0 00 180,000 00 • .' $l,4 Tlie «;apital, the interest of whicii at 5 per cent, on tho same, is e.|ual to $8f»8,'.HX> (H> 15 AIM'KVDIX No. 2. Table of the SubDiviaiotiH of the Dt'ainayt Areaa. • i ' LJniKi Fkkt I'kh Hkcono. rosKu. TiiR Upi'kr Sewkr in Area of Ac Estimated To TIOX. (lEunAuu Stukkt, kC. 1 Sewage. Stonn Water. i 5 e2 Length. i 1.1 1 foet. ft. From wost of Hollwood.. l,84(» 24(1 27,000 C.OOO 4-78 1-04 l'.)-32 2'.')2 24-10 24-10 3 3 IU'UwoimI to Riithurst .... ;]-r)»» 27-(Ui "2,()(M) to Sjxulina to Siiucoo ;i7() II, KM) i-'.>;i 3-S') 5-82 ;5:'.-48, 2,000 ?»» m) 7 3- If) 4-72 38-2(»' 2,(X)0: to Yon^o 2HU I4,(MM) 2-44 2-94 5-38 43-5(1, 2,500, J Vl 3A to Slj(ul»oiinie. 2()() |;{,(HM) 2-2C. 2-73 4-«»y; 48-57, 2,5(M)i to I'arliamont . 80 4,0(H) 0-70 0-84 1-541 .50-11 1,500, -^M to the Don 8U 4, (MX) 0-7(^ 0-84 I-54I 51-05 5l-()5' 1 1,500 - •'ii Totals ;},irju 88,700 15-42 ;j»»-23 14,000 The J.nwer Sewer in Front Street. From wost of Buthurst... 1,570 31,400 5-40 IG-4'J 21-95 21-95 1,700 ' 4 to Sinipoo 5.')2 33,120 5-77 r)-80 11-57 33-52 4,500 1 ?1 to.*!h(Mlionrno 410 24,r,(X) 4-28 4-31 8-59 42-11 5,000 •'\ to tim Don.... :{i8 iVJOo 2-77 3-;:4 2y-'.M 0-1 1 48-22 4,500 .3 A Totals 2,N'»U 1 ().'),( )2( J 18-28 4S-22 15,200 Connecting Sewer. i. Down Ho9o«lulo (.'rt'ck to OorranI I, KM) 22,000 3-8:', n-:.r. 15-38 Kast of tin* Don r.(H) 100 l,S(J«l l.VMM) •VMM 2- 111 0-87 «;-;{o I0.> 8-91 1-92 i tu'rrard to Front 4,t«>r) l2«'>-08 iO,8(M) '^ s c Population of districta not cmbritcetl in the above 24,280 mukes tho total estimated population 260;(X)0. NoTR. — T)io fourth column iB olttalnod tiy allowing 15 cubic foot por«lny for cacli hoiid of itopulatioii. The tifth column by allowing one-fourth of an inch per (lay per acre. APPENDIX NO. 3. Main Sewert entering the Pay, with their Site and Inclination. Stubrt. SiXB. Gradi. ('hcrry Stroot 2 8x40 3 6x50 2 8x5 3 <) X 5 2 H X 4 3 6 X r» 4 Circular. 4 X 5 6 2 0x39 1 30O Pnrlimnt^iit Street 1 130 ShorlMiunio Street •IjirvlH Strtwt 1 120 1 l(N> ('hurclj Street , 1 1(N) Yonp^ Street , 1 <.K) Kinieoo Street...., I 85 Brock Street 1 ](K) Bathuriit Streefc 1 82 F Iiiy for n inch CITY ENGINEERS OFFICE, Toronto, Mabcih, 18S6. To tht Chairman and Memhtrt of tht CommitUt on Work$ : Obntlkmkk,_Ai inittructeil by ynur Committep, I have the honor to Uy before you suoh infiinnatinn us I havo gathttred during tho last two years in refer«Mu, *^iiti* mating tho value of t)»o eurliiT works liy tl»o coHt of fimiliir works at ttio |)re)ient time. I also lay huforo you jtropoHaN, and the csti* mated coxt of inturcopting and otittall Huwcrs. Tlie HrMt brick sewers wero coHMtructefl in tho yciir IHI.i, .Tolm 0. Ifowanl, Kn(\., l)Miif;at that time City KiigiuL-«)r. VVliotlier any syMt.iu wu8 iidojitud in laying down th»*8e ■ewers or not I cannot siiy ; but it is v«ry probable, as the8«* aowcm were laid over a sinull art'a of tho (Jity, that thurt^ woh none. Ilowovor that may be, they had nn«> tliiii;^ in t'ominon with tho present system, that is, they dis- charged into tho waters of the Bay. Mr. 'ITiomuH 11. IfarriBon was appointed City Engineer in the year ISM, and in tho following year ho mported on a Hystom of drainage for tho City and its lib(>rti(>H. In this Ueport he rocommciided tliat the City bo divided into a number of drainage areas. Ho utates : "The City embraces the va.ions streets now lairl out or proposed to be opened Ix^twccn tho 2nd conccssioji line on the north (Bloor Street) and the Buy on tlio south, tho Don Kiver on the east and tho G»rriaon Creek on the west." In this Report he mentions two creeks, one entering the Bay at .Simcoe Street, thon, No. S into tho Garrison Creek, tho incermediato areas draining into the iiay at the Esplanade front. The mains were recommended to be constructed on Parliament Street, Jarvis Street, Yonge Street, .Simcoe Street (already consiiioted, lsr>4). Brock Street, Spadlna Avenue, and Bath- in-st Street. Mr. llarnsrin in his report gives the cost of several which he recommends to bo constructed. Mr, Tully, roi)orting to tii<- Chairman of tho Board of Works (Mr. John Wdrthington, on this report says that he ai)proves of the system laid down by Mr. Ilarrison, and in conclusion says, <>that by this pL..i and report the Ii< 18 whole sewage of the City may, at any subsequent period, be carried easterly across the River Don should it be desirable to do so. " Th« principal objections to the system of drainage as proposed in the Report oi" the City Engineer, lie in the apparent necessity of using the bay as a re- ceptacle for the refuse of the City year by year. As the population increases, the inconvenience and unhealthiness of adoptmg this course will be evident, and sooner or later a different arrangement will be adopted. The public mind is not yet prepared to carry out the suggestions which have been pro- pounded in Europe, of rendering the refuse of large cities useful and profit- able as a liquid manure." The recommendations made by Mr. Harrison were adopted by Council and the work carried out, and, with the exception of the Yonge Street sewer, these sewers are at present in a good state of repair, and carrying tne sewage of their respective drainage areas. No action having been taken by the Board of Works or Council to carry out the suggestions made by Mr. TuUy for an outfall sewer until the appointment of Mr. Frank Shanly as City Engineer in 1875, one of his first works on taking office was to carry out a complete survey of the City, and establish bench marks throughout its limits. Surveys were made, and plans prepared for a main offrake sewer. Mr. Shanly reports as follows : " Commencing at the intersection of King Street and the Garrison Creek, it (the offtake sewer) passes from thence to Front Street at Bathurst Street, thence along Front Street to the River Don, a distance of 5,500 lineal yards, divided into three sections respectively, 6 feet, 7 feet, and 8 feet inside diameter brick sewer; estimated cost $160,000, including culverts, ventilat- ing shafts, connections, etc., etc., but not including the diversion of the river Don from below the railway bridge into Ashbridge's Bay, which is essential to the success of the scheme, and which I have estimated to cost $30,000, adding for contingencies $10,000, will bring the total cost of sewer to $2U),000. The total available fall will be 15 feet, or about 5 feet in a mile, sufficient for all practical purposes, when it is taken into consideration also that it will be constantly flushed by the waters of the Garrison, College, and other creeks entering it from the north at several points." Provision is made for the storm water to overflow into the old channel of the creek to be carried into the lake. This report states further " there may be some practical difficulties in the way of this scheme, not the least is the diversion of the Don, in the view of it being navigable waters and the cutting off its communication from Toronto Bay, might be considered as an interfer- ence with vested rights ; but us regards the physical question of the diversion, there is no obstacle in the way, it being a mere question of dredging ; neither have I any doubt that the flow of water from the source above named will afford an under current ample to keep the sewer flushed where it is subject to back water, and to carry tne whole deposit into Ashbridge's Bay, from whence it will be dispersed into the open lake. . " After a careful consideration of the whole question for the last two years, I feel convinced that there is no other feasible scheme for freeing Toronto Harbor from the sewage of the City, and that measures should be taken with- out delay for carrying it out." Mr. Shanly's successor^ the late Mr. Brough, in his annual Report for the year 1 882, made the following report on the main sewers required for carry* ing the sewage of the City into the Lake. OARRISOX ORRBK SEWER. During the summer approximate estimates were submitted for a main trunk sewer on the line of the Garrison Creek, and for an intercepting sewor along the front of the City. The sewer on the line of the Garrison Creek is required ad an outlet for several districts already sewered and discharging into the stream, as well as for other districts awaiting sewerage, and having only this outlet to depend upon. ' , The sewer, when constructed, will necessarily be of sufficient capacity to serve as an outlet for the drainage of the whole district as far north as the water-shed of Davenport Hill, west to the Northern Railway line, and east* ward to Bathurst Street. It would be proposed to make it serve in addition as an outlet for the area drained by the University stream, and by extending the branch along Bloor Street to give an outlet for the sewerage of the greater part of Yorkville. The main sewer would follow the general valley line of the stream from Bloor Street to the Cattle Market, thence to the west of the Old Fort, with its . outlet outside the harbor west of the Queen's Wharf. Intercepting branches would be constructed along College Street and Bloor Street to the east and west. As mentioned, the branch along Bloor Street to the east would cut oif the University stream at Bloor Street, and being extended to Yonge Street would receive the sewerage from Yorkville by main sewers constructed along Avenue Road and Yonge Street. The estimate for this work is as follows : Main sewer on line of Garrison Creek to the lake $226,0(K) Hranch to the west along Bloor Street as far as the railway tracks.. 76,0e made until some jM>sitive information on this point is given. The present populatinn of the City is from 12i),0iM> to 130,000, scattered over ft large area, the greater part of which is sewered. There are at present 1 i5 miles of sewers of all descriptions laid down within its limits, the approxi- mate cost of which amounts to f 1 ,');J3,0U0, With the already large outlay, I take it for granted that no change will be made in the system of sewerage. There are 21,000 water services put in up to date, and they are increasing at the rate of ;i,000 per year. The daily water delivery is not less than twelve million gallons, supplying 83,OOU water takers, 42,000 being supplied from wells. There are i 1,000 water closets, and 14,000 privies, a very large num- ber of the latter being connected with the sewers. I have not gauged the aewers emptying into the Bay, and am unable to give the outflow, but from the quantity of water used and the flow of sewage, I believe I am below the average when I estimate the quantity at ten million gallons daily. The sewage is increasing in quantity and impurity, and although no apparent bad results have arisen from the foulness of the water in the Bay, (excepting the often stilted impurities of the water supplied to the citizens), sufficient in itself to call for its immediate removal and final disposal to some pomt out- side the < ^'ity, and at such distance from its limits to insure freedom from any bad results. This calls for a change, and to relieve the Bay from this very objectionable outflow, and to provide a relief, I lay before your Committee two proposals for intercepting and outfall sewers, assuming that the flow from the place of discharge t'./ be eastward and from the City. The first proposal calls for two main intercepting sewers, one midway be- twe«.'n the Bay and Bloor Street, on the line of Gerrard Stree 5 and on Front Street, from its connection with the Garrison Creek sewer, a short distance south of Wellington Avenue. The Gerrard Street main intercepting sewer will take the drainage of all that portion of the City and Township lying north of the line of Gerrard Street, I 22 and south of the' creek known as Rosedalo Creek, and east of Bathurst Street, an area of 1,640 acrea. This main intercepting sewer i» divided into four sections, as follows : ' Sbotion. Area Drained ik Acres. 1. 440 2. 900 3. 1400 4. 1640 Size of Sewer. 3 ft. 2 in. X 4 ft. 9 in. 4 ft. in. X 6 ft. in. .*) ft. 9 in. circular. 6 ft. in. " It* capacity is calculated for a rainfall of 2^ inches in 24 hours, less one-third loss for evaporation and absorption, and 8 cubic feet of sewage per head, with a population of 7U persons to the acre ; the half of which will flow off in eight hours. The object in providing for so large a quantity of rainfall, is to relieve the main to the south from being overcharged. A bridge with flume for carrying the sewage will be erected at Gerrard Street, this flume will connect with the outfall sewer on the east side of the river, with a settling tank on the west side, mto which the Gerrard Street sewer will discharge. To relieve the creek known as Rosedale Creek from the sewage of that portion of St. Paul's Ward north of the ravine and Rosedale, a 2 ft. x 3 ft. sewer will be constructed connecting with the Yonge Street sewer north of the ravine j this sewer will pass along the valley to Huntley Street bridge, where the size will be increased to a 2 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft. 6 in. From this point it will run to a connection with the settling tank at Gerrard Street. All storm waters from this creek will pass through the present creek channel, and discharge as at present into the Don. The Front Street main intercepting sewer will from its connection with the Garrison Creek pass through the lands of the Doty Engine "Works to Front Street, along Front Street to Water Street, thence northerly, crossing some private lands, to the flats of the Don, and along the flats to Gerrard Street. This main intercepting sewer is divided into four sections, as follows : Ssorioy. Area Drained in Acres. Size of Sewer. No. 1 3,330 4 ft. 6 in. circular. u 2 '■ " 4,000 5 ft. in. " « 3 4,400 6 ft. in. « u 4 4,800 6 ft. 6 in. The last section includes the tank sewer. The size of this sewer is estimated for a 4 inch of rain in 24.hours, and eight cubic feet of sewage per head, with a population of 40 and 70 persons (according to the locality) to the acre of the area drained. Storm overflows will be provided at the intersection of this main intercepting sewer with the several main sewers emptying into the Bay. It is not the intention to intercept any more than the ordinary flow of the Garrison Creek ■ewer ; all storm water emptying into the Lake. A self-acting valve will be provided to carry this into effect. The Front Street sewer will also be carried along from "Water Street to the Don to permit of the discharge of storm water. 23 l\ i On the nonii aide of Gerrard Street a pumping station will be erected with engines to lift the sewage from the lower part of the City to the tank con- necting with the outfall sewer. The capacity of these pumps will be twenty million gallons in twenty-four hours. The outfall sewer from its connection with the flume on the east side of the river, will be carried along Gerrard Street to Fape's Avenue, and will thence curve southerly to the lake, descending into the lake, through the ravine •west of Victoria Park. This sewer will be circular, nine feet in diameter, the total length being 20,400 feet. It will be connected with a receiving basin at the outlet, with an iron pipe six feet in diameter extending 3.500 feet into the lake, discharging the sewage at a depth of 34 f^et below the zero level of the lake. This pipe will discharge 20,357 cubic feet per minute. The following is the estimated cost of this work : ESTIMATED COST •Of intereepting sewer aTong Front Street, Jrotn the Garris'm Creek to eovnec- Hon voith high level tewer at Gerrard Street bridge, dittanee, three /^^ miles. i^ection No. 1 : , Garrison Creek to Bathurst Street ,.. f 14,275 00 iSeotion No. 2: . ' Bathurst to Simcoe Street 47,068 00 Section No. 3 : Simcoe to Sherbourne Street 48,738 00 Section No. 4 : Sherbourne to Gerrard Street 81,267 00 1191,348 00 Tank sewor 1,000 feet long $21,353 00 Storm overflow along Front from Water Street to Don 15,300 00 Valve head at Don and manholes 1,450 00 Storm overflows 6,000 00 Bellmouths 1,200 00 Pipe sewer for drainage purposes 28,000 00 73,303 00 Total cost 9264,651 00 ESllMATED COST Of intercepting sewer along Jfaeaau and Oerrard Streets, frem Bathurst Street to the Don Jtiver^engihy two ^^ miles. Section Na 1: * '\ Bathurst Street to Spadina Avenue $10,816 00 f Section No. 2 : S'paJina Avenue to Terauloy Street . ..._. ^22,'3 10 00 Section No. 3 : ' . Terauley to Seaton Street 36,(i()-t 00 Section No. 4 : . ' Seaton -'treet to "Don $39,360 00 Tank at Don 10,000 00 BeUmouths ; 2,(i00 00 Overflows ', 4,S00 (M) Pipe sewers for drainage purposes 3 '),73() 00 1162,226 (X) St. Paul's Ward, north of Creek and Rosedale, from Yonge Street to Oerrard Street bridge, distance one ^Va '>niles. Estimated cost $33,104 CO $ 33,104 00 Main outfall sewer, from Gerrard Street bridge to the Lake at Victoria Park distance, tfirei ]^ miles. , Estimated cost ...!........'... $374,4r)3 00 Culverts for creek crossings 2,880 00 Crossing Small's Pond 2,000 00 Outlet ij^to Lake 67,500 00 Connecting chamber 1,000 00 447,833 00 : ; T Cost of engines, hoil(jrs, coal shed, boiler room, &c $62,000 00 . _ Engine house, inclujiing all connections with sewe-s, &c .50,000 00 \ Penstock, with gates, «fec 4,000 00 Engineering and contingencies .5,000 00 121,600 00 Bridge over Don at Gerrard Street — masonry... $40,000 00 Superstructure, with flumes for carrying the sewage 35,000 00 75,000 00 Damage to water and gas mains $ 10,000 00 Land for engine house and tank 25,000 00 Land damages, 100,000 00 Lumber for shoring, &c .50,000 00 18.5,000 00 SUMMARY OF COST. Front Street sewer : Garrison Creek to Don at Gerrard Street $264,651 00 Nassau and Gerrard Street 162,226 00 St. Paul's Ward and Rosedale 33,104 00 i ; ^'. ^' \ s E 25 Main outfall sewer $ 447,833 00 Engines, boilers, engine house, &c 121,600 00 Bridge over Don at Gerrard Street 75,000 00 Damage to water and gas mains 10,0(X) 00 Land for engine house and tank 25,000 00 Land damages i.... 100,0(K) 00 Lumber 50,000 00 Contingencies , ^1,289,414 (X) . 128,941 00 Total $1,418,355 00 The necessity for pumping a portion of this sewage will entail an annual expenditure, estimated at 143,445.00, as follows : Coal $35,680 00 Oils 1,825 00 Wages, Engineers 2,190 00 Engineer in charge 1,200 00 Firemen 1,800 00 Sundries 750 00 143,445 00 Intercepting Sewer along Gerrard and Nassau Streets, from Bathurst street to River Don ; 2^" of rain in 24 hrs., of which | will reach the sewer ; sewage 8 cubic ft. per head ; 70 persons to the acre ; ^ to flow off in 8 hours. Section. Area drained, in acres. Cubic ft. of sewage per min- ute reaching the sewer. Size of Sewer. » Capacity in cubic feet per minute run- ning. Velocity in feet per minute. Grade. Full. \ Full i Bathurst to Spadina.. Spadina to Teraulay. . Teraulay to Seaton.... Seaton street to Don.. 440 900 1400 1640 2112 4320 6720 7872 3 2x4 9 4 0x6 5 9 circ'r 6 0" 3363 6064 9857 10,603 2312 4160 7250 8100 292 329 372 375 305 344 394 405 1 in 400 a i. « Intercepting Sewer along Front Street and the Don, from Garrison Creek to Gerrard Street Bridge ; ^" rain in 24 hrs., 6 and 8 cubic ft. of sewage per head; and 25 and 70 persons to the acre ; ^ to flow off in 8 hours. Section. i \ Garrison Creek to Bathurst Bathurst to Simcoe... Simcoe to Sherbourne Sherbourne to Ger- rard Street Bridge. 9iS s 1 I 9 it m I ? V h. ' i oj !«!! -2 1 1 'Size of 'ewer. 3330 4(HJ0 440(J 4800 Capacity in i Velocity cubic foot per in feet minute run- ning. per minute. ; Grauk. Full, j i iFuU J I I I 26171 4 Gcirc'r.i 3213 I 3215 5 0" I 3600' 6 0" I 39651 6 6" 4182 6616 8097 2475 202: 220 ' in \mt 3225 213 1 232 5100 i 234 2;J5 6874 1 244, 284 Main outfall sewer, from Gerrard Street Bridge to Lake, at Victoria Park t \ \ i ', \ SVCTIOX. "* I P 0) C ® . ' * IB fe ■3 ® I O 3 S , »; « i^.a ai j -Co} tg fl"^' I Capacity in | Velocity cubic feet per in feet Size of minute run- , per ning. i minute. Sewer. 1.2 fe m' Full.! i Jull! j Graor. i I I I I Gerrard Street to Lake 12,476 14,983i 9 Ocirc'r.' IH,385i 14,130 2891 314,1 in KKXI I 1 I 26,083| i 9,935 4i0| 443| 1 in 500 Kosedale and St. Paul's Ward, north of creek— Yonge Street to Gerrard Street Bridge, J" rain in 24 hours ; 25 persons to the acre ; 8 cubic feet per head ; ^ to flow off in 8 hours. Section. I a re \ 't 2 i ^ * i <3) Yonge to Gerrard St.! Bridge i 936 V."{ -i:' i •+3 .a 0! Size of Sewer. Capacity in Velocity cubic feet per in feet 1 minute run- I per i ning. I minute. { Grapb. 800 2 0x3 2 4x3 6 FuU. I i iFuU! 'i 151] 1270 329 1676 1152 3441 in 200 268 280 1 in 350 27 it ' The large annual cxponditue which would-be hnmediate on the operation of the firHt proposal, leudu uio to lay before the Committee a second pro- ponal ; this In the construction of a main intercoptinj; sewer along the line <»f Queen Street, onrrying the ordinary flow from all the lands north of Quet-n Street, an«l extending from Honoesyalles Avenue (the west limit of the town of Parkdale), endjracing an area of nearly 6,000 acres. This sewer to carry, when running two-thirds fidl, one-quarter inch of rainfall in 24 hours, and eight cubic feet of sewage per head from a population of U5 anil 70 persons to the acre, one-half of which will enter the 'sewers in eight hours. This eewer will tap the Garrison Creek at Queen Street, extending along Queen Street to the Pon, and passing under the river by a syphon 7 feet in diameter, and connecting with the outfall sewer, which will be continued along th»j line of Queen Street U* a connection with the outfall sewer of the first pro posal 5 and entering the lake at the same point, and as mentioned in the first proposal, will emi)ty into the lake by an iron main 6 feet in diameter, 2,6(<0 feet long, into a depth of water of 34 feet below zero. The length of the outfall sewer, from the Don to the lake, id 20,200 feet. The fir.sl section will extend from the Don to the railway crossing, 2,2(X> feet in length (circular sewer). The length of the second section will be 8,900 feet, and, owing to the surface of the roadway being very low through this section, the form of the sewer must be changed. The height from the invert to the sothtt of the arch will be fift. 6in., and the width 15ft.', this will allow four feet of material to be placed over the work, sufficient to protect it from the frost. The third section, y,}00 feet in length (circular), will extend to the lake. This sewer can at any future time be extended westerly to the west limit of the town of I'arkdale. The following are the diiferent sections, shewing the area drained, with the fiize of sewer proposed : Suction. Ann pbainkd nr acres. Sikb or sewer. ft. in. Na 1 3,330 5 6 circular. « 2. 4,412 6 " « 3. 5,332 6 6 « " 4. (to the Don) 5,795 7 « Don to railway crossing 8,200 9 0" Railway to Woodbine 12,(J00 6 6 x 15 ft. Segment. Woodbine to lake 14,050 9 6 circular. A second main intercepting sewer will bo laid down along Front Street. This sewer will tap the Garrison Creek a short distance south of Wellington Avenue, and will pass through the lands of the Doty Engine Works to Front Street, and from thence along Front .Street to the Don, passing under the river by a second syphon, from whence the sewage will be raised by pumping some ten feet to a main, from which it will flow by gravitation to the outfall 28 ■ewer. Thin will also provide n means of draining all the lands south of Queen Street, east of the Don, relieving Ashbridgo Bay from the dischorgn of the byres and piggeries and any other works of a like description which no doubt will be carried on in this district. The cost of pumping a portion of this sewer will entail an annual exi>endi- (ure estimated as follows : Coal t20,0()0 00 Oils , T 900 00 Wages, Engineers 1,700 00 " Firemen 1,000 (X) Engineer in charge 1,200 00 Sundries 1,000 00 $25,800 00 The total estimated cost of the second proposal will be 91,443,483.00, M follows : Estimated cost of intercepting sewer on Queen Street, ftom Garrison Crook to lake at Victoria Park, distance 6^?,^^ miles: Section No. 1 : Garrison Creek to Bathurat 9 43,060 00 Section No. 2 : Bathurst to Simcoe IC0,25G 00 Section No. 3 : Simcoe to Sherboume 105,277 00 Section No. 4 : Sherboume to Don 6P,331 00 Overflows and bellmouths 12,000 00 9336,92.'> iH) Syphon under Don 9l'>,596 00 Connecting chamber, screens, Ac 20,000 00 35,.*)% 00 Outfall sewer from Don to lake at Victoria Park : Section Na 1 : Don to Railway crossing 9 30/)34 00 Section No. 2 : Railway crossing to Woodbine 294^08 00 Section No. 3 : Woodbine to lake 204,403 00 9528,745 00 20 Outlet Intolftko 9(\:,rt(\0 00 Connecting chamber '>'><)() ()0 Boflodalo and St Paul's Wanl, north of creek, from Yonso Street to Don, at Quoon Street $39,^10 (Ht Estimated cost of sewer along Front Street, from Garrison Creek to Don, at Queen Street, distance 3 ^^ miles : Section No. 1 : Garrison Creek to Simcoe f30,24H 0*> Section No. 2: Simcoe to Jarvis 18,322 <)0 Section No. 3 : ^ Jarvis Street to Don 3fi,(5l2 00 Overflows and bellmouths 7,70(H)0 02,y>s2 00 Engines, boilers, Ac, complete $50,000 (X> Land, enpine-houso, screens, connection, &c 50,000 00 100,000 00 Damage to water and gas mains $10,000 *K> Land damages 50,000 00 lAimber. .50,000 00 110,000 00 ICMlf ART or COST. Queen Street sewer : Garrison Creek to Don $336,925 00 Syphon, connecting chambers. &c 35,596 00 Queen Street, Don to lake 528,745 00 Outlet into lake and connecting chamber 68,500 00 Rosedale and St. Paul's Ward 39,510 00 Front Street sewer 92,981 00 Engines, boilers, engine-house, land, screens, connections, &c 100,000 (X) Damages to water and gas mains 10,000 00 Und damages 50,000 00 Lumber 50,000 00 $l,312,2-')8 00 Engineering and contingencies 131,225 00 $1,443,483 00 Intercepting sewer along Queen Street, from connection with the Garrison ** Creek sewer to the lake at Victoria Park j Jin. rainfall in 24 hrs., and sewage varying from 25 to 70 persons to the acre, and 6 to 8 cubic feet per head, the ^ to flow off in 8 hours. 30 1 iQarrison Creek to, BathufHt ! 3330; 2764 I 1 I 2 Bathurst to Siincoo. . < 4412 3803 3 ;SiracoetoSherbourne 5332 4686 4 Sherbourne to the Don 1 5795i 5130 Size of Sewor. ('nj)ftcity ill , Volooitv (•uliio fi><»t per in cub. ft. inlnuto run- ' por min. ning. I running. 1 Full. Don River to Railway Croaaing I 820(>, 7468 Railway Croaaing to Woodbine "Woodbine to Lake.. 5 6 cir, 6 0" 6 6" 7 0" 9 0" Full; i Ormie. 12000 10108 6' 6" xl 5' 0" I kseginonts) 1405011472 9' 6" cir. I 3,777j 2,890 155 172 4,722| 3,6tK)| 162; 180 4,418 169 188 5,774 6,966 12,787 12,760 14,673 5,285 176 10,305 10,476 11,386 201 181 207 194 229 194 227 lin 2,000 Intercepting /sewor along Front Street, from the (iarriaon Creek to the Don, at Queen Street ; \" rain in 24 hours, and 25 and 70 persons to the acre, using 8 cubic feet per head, ^ to flow off in 8 hours. 6 Sbotion. t ». ^ a i F sew hing .3 ° % C -*a 4) Jtl «S u ^ tj IS 08 •a -« 1 c? -9 3 Vh S 1 < o 1 Size of Sewer. Capacity in Velocity cubfc feet per i"!i-,r' minute run ning. Full. Garrison Creek to Sim- coe Simcoe to Jarvis. './ I' / " 839j 805(2 8x40 lOOo!l003 2 10,x 4 3 Jarvis to Don 1189 1191 I 3 2x49 mm. running. '\ Full l,348l 930 1,567 1,086 2,073 1,160 165 173 189 Grade. 175 179 180 1 in 1000 1 in 1500 SI R It ' m I T Capacity in i Volocity culufi f«pt iior in ft. per Size of Sewer. mmuto run- ning. J5£ 3 ** < lU Yongo to Quoen , Don, acre. ADB. 1 1000 <( 1500 «.)3fi K(j() 2 0x30 I i 2 4 X 3 f) Full. 1,0)1 l,67« 1,'J70 1,152 min. running. FuUi i Oradr. 329; 344 I 2081 28( 1 in 2f«i 1 in .^5<) In the fu'Ht i)roi)Osal, the Bewaj»o from a portion of tho land lying south of the outl'all How»>r will bo carried to this outfall by means of an intercepting Bowor laid south of tho Kingston Iload (Queen Street), and will be connected with tho outfall near its entrance to tho I^ike. 'Hiis is a matter that calls for no special notice at present, and which can bo dealt with at any time when tho demand for drainage of this portion of the City is called for. in the second jiroixi.sul it will bo neccisnary to lift tho sewage from that portion of the City noiith of Queen Street to a higher level, a large portion of this district being at present waste lands. The quantity of sewage from it will bo Binail in comparison to the whole, and should it be deemed ad- visable, can be emptiofl into the river for some time without affecting the health of the citizens or polluting the water supply. The proposal laid before the Committee will provide »lrainage for a population of 403, re the harbour. B —Report by Mr Wm. I^ut Carpenter, B.A., B.Sc, F.C.S., oa the water of the Bay. C Extract from a Report of Prof. Macadam on the disposal of sewage. D.— Extracts from Report of Mr. Eliot C. Clarke, Engineer, to a commisBion to consider a general system of -drainage for the valleys of the Mystic, Blackatone and Charles Rivers, M^ss. E Table of rainfall, from the Reports of the Toronto Meteorological Ob- servatory F.— Report of Mr. Rust, on Float Experimenta. jtf t? 35 APPENDIX A. On looking over some numbers of the Patriot newspaper for 1853, 1 find that a discussion on this subject, with others, in re the harbour, took place at that date. Among otheio, I find Mr. Kivas TuUy taking part in the dis- cussion, and in a letter to the editor, he, in reference to the alluvial from the River Don, agrees with a preceding writer that " the greater portion (of the matter) remains in the harbour, which becomes a cesspool for such deposit," (he api>roves of the word cesspool,) " as it is a receptacle for other deposits besides," that is from the outflow from sewers and their freight. In this communication Mr. TuUy makes a recommendation " That a covered channel, ten fct in width and six feet in height, should be constructed in the centre, and beneath the intended Esplanade, from the River Don to the Queen's Wharf. The drains of the City to be extended to this channel, and a portion of the current of the River Don to be turned into it by darning the present channel and allowing the surplus water to flow into the marsh as at present over a waste weir one foot in height above the present level of the water. Extract from a letter from Mr. Kivas TuUy to J. G. Booz, Esq., August 26th, " I would urge the necessity of some means being taken to carry away the outflow from the cewers, to jjrevent the deposit in the slips ' where they empty themselves.' • • • Some provision must be made for remedying this increasing evil ; otherwise, the health of the citizens will be endangered The evil is really great, even now. ♦ • • What will it be when the City numbers 1(X),0(X) inhabitants ? Provision should therefore be made conjointly with the construction of the Esplanade." » .. s i APPENDIX B. Report by Wm. Laut Carpenter, Esq., B. A., B.Sc, F.C.8., dated September 2()th, 1 884, addressed to Aldermen McConnell, Walker, and Hunter, membera of the Water Works Committee : ** The method of testing consists in the employment of a chemical salt called permanganate of potash. • • • Being unprovided with the necessary apparatus which I usually employ for exact work, I could only make it in its rough form yesterday, and judge of the water by the color test, keeping pure distilled water as a standard. SJlMPIiBS. 1. Foot of West Market Street. 2. Foot of Berkeley Street, near the mouth of the Don. 3. Foot of Yonge Street, !^ 36 4. Foot of Simcoe Street. All these were strongly charged with organic matter ; No. 2 being decidedly the worst of all, and the others being in the order of badness 3, 4, I. 5. Over pipe between pumping house and block hor ; bay, one whoie of the water in your bay is more or less' contaminated with organic matter, and probably in a degree dangerous to health. 2. That the worst water flowing into the bay is at the east end, in the neigh- borhood of the Don, and that this is specially dangerous, as the general drift or movement of the water, as far as I can learn, is from that quarter towards the City. 4^ i 3: 3. Tliat the water as drav/n from the bell buoy is by no means free from contamination by sewage and other organic impurities. 4. Tliat this water becomes mixed in its passage from the bell buoy to the pumping house with the bad water in the bay, probably from leaks in the pipes and in the well at the lake end of the wharf of tho pumping house. It is quite possible that further wo k on my part might cause me to modify some of my conclu- iis, and it would certainly enable me to ly still, when they gradually settle to the bottom, the heaviest particles sinking lirst. If the particles as they settle are widely scattered over a large area, their putresoil)le constituents will soon be oxidized so that they will not create any nuisance. But if the particles settle in masses, the lower ones l)eing kept from contact wilh the oxygen in the water will decompose, slowly giving off offensive gases. .Sewage water mixes readily with the clean water into which it is e «ewage flows to the settling tunks. Within a few minutes after the addition of the lime a floculent precijjitunt is seen to form throughout the body of the sewage and to sink rapidly to the bottom of the tank. If the tank after being lilled is left at rest for half an hour the pnjcipitate will have all settled to the bottom, and the super- natant liquid can bo drawn ott" entirely clear, with the exception of a little seum which may bo floating on the surface. To carry out this process requires the use of a number of tanks, so that while sojne are tilling others may be at rest and still others emptying. One »>r more attendants are needed to divert the sewage from one tank to another and to open and close as required the valves connecting with them. To avoid the necessity of such supervision, a modification of the process is more commonly used. By fills the iOAvage, after the prceiiiitant has been atlded to it, flows continu- ously through a series of tanks. These tanks are built so large, that the sewage is several hours in passing thiough them, and its motion is so slow as to interfere but slightly with the subsidence of the i)rocipitate, so that little if any of it flows off with the effluent. The tanks arc so arranged that any one of them can be isolated for the removal of the sludge contained by it. In round numbers about one ton of semi fluid black mud will be precipitated from each .)(),( KKi gallons of sewage of the average character found in American towns. This sludge contains about 9i) per cent, of water and is somewhat difficult to dispose of. In some cases it is pumjjed on to jiorous land, where the water drains or evaporates out of it until it is hard enough to handle, when it is either dug into the ground or carted away. In other cases it is passed through presses of peculiar construction which reduce it to about one-fifth of its former bulk and leave it the form of cakes containing about 5U per cent, of moisture and of the consistency of damp clay. The product in either case is ahuost valueless and it is rarely that farmer^ are willing to carry it away. As will readily bo perceived from the foregoing brief description, sewage precipitation requires a somewhat expensive plant and force of workmen to carry it on properly. Often it is necessary to elevate the sewage by pump- ing. There must be buildings to contain the engines, boilers, grinding mills, agitators, presses, pumps and other machinery. Two sets of workmen are needed, one for the day and the other for the night, and very intelligent supervision is required. As a rough approximation, the yearly cost of this process in England is about 37 cents per individual of the population whose sewage is treated. Owing to the high cost of labor and materials in this country, the expense here would probably be double that in England. The daily wages of an ordinary laborer at the English sewage works rarely exceeds, if it reaches, three shillings per day, or about half what would be paid here. On this basis of computation, the expense to a city of 50,01)0 inhabitants treating its sewage by this method would be about $37,000 yearly. 40 Sewage is not purified by any process of precipitation. It is, indeed, only partly deodorized and is of course not fit to go into any stream used as a source of water 8upj)ly. As much more thorougli purification at less exjiense can be obtained by filtering through land, a procipiiating process could be recommended only where the effluent could be discharged into water not used as a source of water supply, and where it is impracticable to obtain suitable areas of land for its purification. PURIFICATION BT LAND. By applying sewage to land it can be purifieil, both from its suspended impurities and from those in solution, and in the present state of sanitary science this is the only practicable way hi which the latter purification can be effected. By this method the particles in suspension are removed by filtration, and the soluble impurities are oxidized by being brought into contact with the air contained in the earth. As stated in Sec. Or), it is impracticable to filter sewage thoroughly through artificial filters, because if any such filter is fine enough to arrest the fine particles these very soon clog its surface. The reason the land filter is not clogged is because it is so large. In the case of the artificial filter, an area of land when used for this purpose constitutes a very fine filter and retains the solid particles upon its surface. In the case of the artificial filter a ton of mud may accumulate upon 50 square feet of surface, whereas, with the land filter the same amount will be distributed over, say, IO(.),0(jO square feet. After depositing its sediments the sewage water slowly soaks into the ground. One-quarter part or more of the bulk of any porous earth consists of voids containing air. A part of the sewage water is evaporated from the soil, and the rest, as it sinksr spreads over every particle of earth in a thin film, and is thus brought in contact with the air in the ground. If 2(J,()lMJ gallons of sewage filter evenly through an acre of land, where the ground water stands six feet below the surface, each gallon of sewage will be brought in contact with at least twenty-five times its bulk of air. The effects of this is to oxidize and change the organic impurities into harmless compounds, so that the eflBuent watert so far as can be determined by the senses and by chemical tests, is inoffensive and innoculous. The essential requirement for this treatment therefore is a large area of porous land in which the ground water stands a. least six feet below the surface, either from natural causes or on account of artificial drainage. The land must be reasonably flat in order to avoid great expense in preparing it to receive the sewage, and if it is so low that the sewage will flow to it by gravitation the expense of pumping will be avoided. Land on which sewage is purified need not cause any nuisance. Earth is a good deodorizer, and prevents the particles which lodge upon its surface from becoming offensive. It would, be too much to say that no smell at all would ever be noticed from such land. On muggy days, when odors from all sources are most noticed* a slight one will prevail over even a well managed sewage farm ; but there is no record of sickness beinf caused by this. At one sewage fai'm in England there are seventy children living in cottages ent..ely surrounded by irrigated 41 land. Tlioy aro said to be in excollont health, and certainly look so. Very little prejudice is now felt in Eng!an for each month, from 1803 to 1 87 1 ; an inch of mow taken to equal ^'^ in. of rain. Taken from Jleports of the Toronto Meteorological Obnervataryi Ykak. Month. ISti'J January " Kohniary .., March ..April ,. May .. .. Juno ..July ,. August *' |iS«4)tembor •' lOctobor '• jNovoniber. " Dec(i)nl>er., 1M»)4 ^January " [February... „ March ,. April .. Mav 3'1S2 3-6r)0 u *' June " iJuly , August September •' October iNovomber.. •' I December.. 18(l.j January.. Fehruai-y " Match ... " April " May ••' [June « July " (.August " September " 'October '< ^November.. " December.. 1866 January •* February .. *' March ... April ... May .. ,.. June ... July '• August " September •' October Ykar. Mct-VTU. IHOfi November. " December. |H(')7 January.... " Fel)ruiiry .. " March " April .. May .. June .. July u 11 " Vugust. " .">( ptomber " Octolier " November.. " December .. ISOS Jaiuiary .... " Fcfbruary ... " March " April " May " June « July " August " September " October " November., " December .. ISfiO January " February ... " March ..April .. May .. June .. July " August " September <' October « November.. " ^December .. 1870 January " iFebruary... « jMarch « lApril " jMay " iJune « July " lAugust u Inuuks. 4-;{4(» 4-,'0(» ;;-y.">7 L''«67 •,i-'2'2n O-SS.') 1 •'.)(•);■> 12-410 I -Uu't". i-'.»7(» 2-7)iH I -400 3-;{20 ;5-()K() l-;)20 7-(i7U 2-217 ()-.■> 10 1 ■:>62 4-.329 i-or.r> ■3-r),so ]■■)->;] 1-W()7 4-i.ir) 2-485 3-(ll5 2-805 4-373 4-610 4-273 4-027 1-192 3-560 3-300 5-542 2-530 6-995 2-1.55 1-150 8-090 1-896 3-442 48 ArPKNDIX i:.— Continued. Ykau. 1 Month. 1 Inoiiks. I I Ykau. Month. IxoiieH. 1870 1 'S«>r)toinbor 0-794 2-r)9() ()-9()4 4-(»2() 5-224 2-340 4.082 3-448 1871 1 « ...z May 2-302 . OotolxM' . Xovoinhcr , June 3-340 It July 1 -25 j u . l)('Ci'inl)or Auyust 2*800 J871 .'Jantiurv Sfiptfunber i-290 u . l''ol)ruarv Oetol)Pr November , MS5 H . ^farch , .'April 3-10.') u December 2-360 T.vBi.ii OF Rainfam., fkom the Repouts of the Toronto Meteoholooioal Ohsbkvatory. Avera(,e Depth of Rain in inches in each year from 1840 /o 1883. Yeak. LvoHEa. I| Ybab. Inches. 1840 2U-575 36-070 42-790 43-555 18()2 25-529 1841 'l863 1864 26-483 1842 29-486 1843 J865 26-^99 1844 ., 1S<)()... 34-209 1845 '. lisfiT ! \ " 19-041 . 1846 32-;i55 31-960 i 22-205 i 32-215 28-430 : 20-87.-. \ 31-405 ! 23-550 ' 27-765 , 31-6.50 ; 21-505 1 33-205 28-0.57 33-274 23-434 26-995 1868 20-408 1847 11869 31-182 184s 1870 33-898 1849 ;IS71 22-771 1850 1872 18-588 1851 11873 20-232 1852 'l874 17-574 1853 'l875 18-980 1854 1876 21-063 1855 18.50 1877 1878 1879 1880 : 1881 1882 21-885 43-390 1857 1858 1859 2_-5l5 30-922 21-138 1860 20-587 1861 1883 25-734 ,r 44 AI'l'KNDIX Fj—Couiinued CreaUat depth oj Rain which fell in a ainyle day from 1840 to 1871. Ykar. Month. 1840... 1841... 1842... 1843... 1S44... 1 845... 1846... 1847... 1848... 1849... 1850... 1851 .. 1852 .. 1853... 1854... 1855... 1856... .July AllgUHfe St'ptomboi' . September, .lanuiiry ... April Soptt'iiibor . September. September . October •Tilly November . October November . .Se[)tember . September. May Month. 1-890 2'34u 2-930 3-455 1-420 1-310 1-800 2-500 1-000 3-160 2-750 2-770 1-825 1-990 1-705 2-535 2-135 857 iFebrnary.. 858 |Mav 859 lAugUHt .... 8()0 JDeecmber. 801 XovcMiiber .S62 \pril 8()3 .July 864 Au>,'ust. Dki'th Inohks. i-620 I -590 1-655 1-265 3-132 1-555 i -665 1-.325 r;865 i:i866 Julv IS67 May IS68 November May .2-220 1 2-34.1 ■ 1-1.55 2-230 1869 September 1870 Tune 1871 November. 2-350 2-360 2-310 Average ' 2-071 Number of Days Rain in each Year, 1840 to 1871. Year. No. OF Days IT Rained. Yeak. i No. or Days 1 IT Rained. 1840 97 80 89 83 106 97 103 115 98 97 93 100 87 100 114 103 1 1856 1 j 99 1841 1857 1858 1 134 '842 1 131 1843 1859 1 127 1S44 1860 ' 130 1845 1861 1862 136 1146 118 1847 1848 1849 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 i 130 1 132 ill 1850 ! 126 1851 1852 ' 110 103 1853 ! 115 1854 116 1855 1871 110 45 Dki'th ly Inoiiks. ... 1-020 I'MO ... i-fwr) ... l-2()5 ... 3-l;{2 ... i-r)r.5 1 •••»»') ... 1-.520 ... 2'22U ... 2-345 ... ]• !.')'> ... 2-230 .... 2-3.)0 .... 2-300 .... 2-310 .... 2-071 or Days Kainku. 99 134 131 127 J 30 136 118 130 132 111 126 110 103 115 116 110 APPENDIX E.— Cbn//n«eth,. 19th.. 27th.. 2Hth. 8th.... 2n.l.., Hth.. . loth.. 22nd . 13th.. 28th.. 8th.... 23r(l.. 4th.... 2<)th,. 4th.... 6th.... Ist.... 3ra.... 22nd . 2nd . . ]r)th. 10th.. L'nd . , 14th.. 12th.. 10th.. 3rd.... 7th.... 27th. 26th.. 27 th.. 13th.. 26th.. .'ith.... 6th..., 19th., 2nd ., 12th., Amount op Rain. TiMR IN HouiM. U-620 (1-730 0-720 l-2.')0 0-690 0-710 1-220 0-HOO 0-9(K) 0-770 1-010 )KS3.5 1-360 0-910 0-880 0-840 M30 0-660 0-675 I -981 1-910 3-4.50 1-260 1-420 o-s(X) 1-150 0-880 1-800 0-810 0-850 1-080 1-090 0-670 0-9t)0 1-065 1-240 0-820 0-880 3-085 1-250 0-960 1-010 1-720 0-930 0-870 10 12 8 9 7 J 2 21 19 •> »* 4 11 5 16 7 •:) io 14 3 7 4 18 4 I 1 15 21 10 14 3 1 10 14 II 14 5 10 3 12 12 8 11 13 14 15 4 f APPENDIX E.— Continued. Year. Month. Day. Amount op Rain. Time in Houiw. 1881 November December..., January Mav 12th 1-239 750 780 0-8-10 1-360 1-120 0-920 0-790 1460 1-370 1 ■()()() 0.820 0.725 0.855 0.770 1-100 13 K 13th 13 1882 nth 22nd 2nd 22nd 19th 11 15 u u 1883.]!".!."!".'.*.! June September April May June 11 9 12 u It 25th 18th 9 18 i> Julv 1.5th 18th 24th 2l8t 24th 23rd 5 (I August 7 i< .*-!eptember November June November December 7 a 7 1884 1 8 11 6th 11 • Average Depth of Rain per Month. Month. 1840 to 1871. .January Februarj"^ . . . , March April ....... May June July August , September. October , November.. December.. Month. 1872 to 1883. .fanuary .. February... March April May ■June July August September October .... November. December., AVERAOB Depth. 168 892 559 306 088 799 116 883 444 ■38-2 ■766 ■5.57 From comparing the monthly means, it appears that the heaviest falls in a single day in September considerably exceed those of any other month ; that the heaviest falls of the year occurred nine times in September (the month of the largest average rain fall in the year), and that the heaviest fall on record in one day (3.455 inches) was in Se^/tember, 1843. s 47 lAOB TH. 68 192 i59 ;06 188 99 16 (83 ^44 182 '66 )57 Us in a t ; that month fall on APPENDIX F. City Enoinkkr's Office, ToKOXTO, November 26th, lb!84. Charles Sproatt, Esq., City Engineer: Sir. — Acting under your instructions, I forward you the results of a few experiments made with floats, taken in connection with the soundings of Lake Ontario, between Kew gardens and a point about two miles east of Victoria Park, made in connection with the main drainage scheme. Surface can floats were used, constructed of pine one inch in diameter, weighted with lead, and about nine feet long, and a shorter description made of one- half inch gas piping about four feet six inches in length ; each description had a fan or screen constructed of tin attached to the bottom, and supported by a small flag to enable them to be seen. The only appreciable difference observed in the two descriptions was that the shorter ones travelled ot a ehghtly more rapid rate. You will observe from the attached table that the only days on wliich the floats moved in a westerly direction was on the 25th and 26th of September, and October 19th. I also give in the attached table the direction and velocity of the wind, taken from the Observatory reports. On the 25th the tendency to float westerly can be placed to the fact that on the 23rd and part of the 24th the wind was blowing steady from the east. The remaining days the floats moved more or less in the direction of the prevailing wind. The Observatory reports for iLe past forty years shew the prevailing winds to blow from a "C^'esterly direction. I would respectfully suggest tha.t as soon as possible in the spring further and more extensive experiments be made in this most important work j as by the Observatory reports, already mentioned, I see that in the spring there are some very heavy stormy from east and south-east. So far, from the few results obtained by me, extending only from September 25th to October 19th, the currents noticed have been irregular and accidental, and caused solely by the action of the wind. I attach plan shewing survey of the Lake shore and soundings, and the direction taken by the floats. Respectfully submitted. . 0. H. RnsT. TABLE ♦' ■ Floats starte Dato. • op{>of«ito. Sept. 23... " 24... « 25... Station 964. « 25... ♦' 1514. « 25... « 964. " 26... " 26... Oct 9... « 10... " 11... « 11... « 13... « 13... » 14... « 15... « B.... « « ... Victoria Pari 4983. Beach Ave. 2943-3. 2075 3460 « «7TU*lS« • ••«••■ 4u7(fi/* ••■••• ••< " 17... 4053-6 « 18.. .i 2943-3 , (I IH ' « I " 19.. .112946-6 Several floats w€ small boat. TABLE GIVING RESULT OF FLOAT EXPERIMENTS MADE IN THE FALL OF 1S84. to. Floats started op{)Osito. Distance from jl shore, | 1 Time. Direction of Wind. If Direction taken bv ! float Time when picked Distance travelled. | ' Observatory Reports of the liirection and velocity of wind. Da 1 Time. 1 Sept. (I 23... 24... 25... 25... 25... 26... 26... 9... 10... 11... 11... 13... 13... 14... 15... 17... 18... 1800' 700' ^ mile. } mile. i " 400' KKX)' 250' 500' 950' 500' « 1200' ^ • 3.12 12.50 3.23 2.54 2.45 .V .... S' h 2.30 2.35 Mile. • • • 1 1 li I ! ••• i ( 7 a.m. Z p.m. 11 « 7 a.m. 3 p.m. 11 «• 7 a.m. • 3 p.m. 11 « 7 a.m. . 3 p.m. 11 « 7 a.m. 3 p.m. ill" ( 7 a.m. \ 3 p.m. j 11 « Miles. 9 6 ! 1 C 22 6 3 12 1 ! 5 14 7 8 6 5 7 17 6 A v. 10 i u N.E. Station 964.... ♦' 1514.... « 964.... « B I< M Victoria Park.. 4983 ( W. by N.W.5 shifted) \ to S. W. \ 1 in afternoon. j ( W. by N.W.; shifted' \ toS.W. \ ( in afternoon. ] ( East ; freshened in ) { afternoon. ) ( S. E. in morning ; S. ) I W. in afternoon. ) 8. W. II N. W. by N.} strong. \ N. W.J strong. S. W. by S. S. W. N.W. 1