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I Manitoba - - 
 
 1 11 
 
 Asslniboia 
 
 .u. 
 
 - - Albepta 
 
 Saskatche\(ran 
 
 THE FOUR GREAT 
 
 V Fertile Provinces 
 
 OP 
 
 
 WESTilflf CANADA 
 
 DESCRIBED AND ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 1892. 
 
 
frx) 
 
 \ i 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 fllHE Province of Manitoba is one of the seven province* 
 X of tlio Dominion of Canada- It is situated in the very 
 centre of the North American continent, being midway be- 
 tween the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Winnipeg (popula- 
 tion 29,000), the capita! of the Province, is 1,424 miles from 
 Montreal, the summer port of the Atlintic <)ct'an steamships, 
 and 1,488 miles from Vancouver on the I'acitic Ocean. The 
 southern frontier of the province, Ixtrderin^ on the United 
 States, is about the same latitude as Paris and the south of 
 Germany. 
 
 Manitoba has an area of 110.021 scpiare miles, or nearly 
 74,000.000 acres, about the same area as is contained in Eng- 
 land, Scotland and Ireland put together. It contains at the 
 present time a po) ulation of about 155,000, the larger por- 
 tion of whom are from Great Britain and k astern Canada. 
 There are also a large .lUmber of settlers from the United 
 States, Australia, and other countries, and in addition there 
 are some very prosperous colonies of Icelanders, Swedes, 
 Mennonites and Hungarians. It is impossible in the space 
 available to give more than tho mereft outline of the capa- 
 bilities and natural advantages that this province possesses ; 
 these are set out fully in the several descriptive publications 
 issued by tho Canadian Pacific Rfiilway, copies of which can be 
 btained on application at any of the offices of tho company. 
 
 The following extract is from an article published in the 
 New York Sti , August 11th, 18!)1. The Sun is one of tho 
 leading newspapers of New York, and seldom tindu much to 
 say in praise of Canada. 
 
 A LAND OF WHEAT 
 
 One day last week tho Pacific Express, on tho Canadian 
 Pacific Railroad, went west in four sections with 1,500 
 Ontario farm hands, all bound for the great harvest fields. 
 While this paper is printing, hundreds of reapers are 
 making music tlie live-long day as they are urged through 
 tho almost illimitable fields. 
 
 Over tho jUains of Manitoba once rolled the waters of an 
 inland sea. The southern edge of tlio great ice sheet in the 
 glacial epoch prevented the escape of north-Howing streams, 
 and they formed a mighty lake. Boulders from *^he Rocky 
 Mountains, or from the eastern Laurentian hiilh, are now 
 ; seen here and there, where they were dropped by floating ico 
 cakes, many hundreds of miles from their place of origin. 
 Then came the recession of tho ice, the disappearance of the 
 lake rich in cretaceous atid nitrogenous elements, and, in 
 course of time, rose a mighty forest, as great and as dense, it 
 is believed, as those which now cover the Pacific slopes of the 
 coast mountains. 
 
 It is almost inconceivable to those who travel for days 
 over the treeless plains lietween Wijinip<'g and the Rocky 
 Mountains tliat h<ire the giants of the forest once reared 
 their lofty heads, shielding with their dense foliage the earth 
 that is now exposed to tho full blaze of the summer sun. 
 To-day the air of northern Washington antl southern British 
 Columbia was thick with the smoke of burning forests, and, 
 in all probability, fire was a most important element in 
 ' destroying the timber that cmce covered the plains north of 
 our Western States 
 
 The lake depoaits, tho forest growths, were among tho 
 .elements that helped k) produce the almost inexhaustible 
 
 - 4 
 
- 4 
 
 ' whcnt-bearint; soil of Manitoba ; and to-day her farmen ar* 
 ha]>|)y in the prospect of tho Kreat«at harvest they ever 
 reapuil. It in believed that tlie wheat of Manitoba will 
 average forty busliols to the aero. Many farmen aay it will 
 average forty-tivc busheln. Men who have seen many sea- 
 sons of Minnesota wheat raising said in Manitoba last month 
 tliat thuy had never l(mked upon such wheat fields before. 
 Tho.>'o great fields stretching for scores of miles around Bran - 
 dun, Portage la Prairie, and Deloraine, are worth crouing 
 the continent to see. Early last month the waving ezpanae 
 of dark L,'roen verdure was most pleasing to the eye. The 
 stalks stood as thick as they could grow, were unusually high, 
 and the ears were proportionately long and well filled with 
 the plumpest of grain. Our own wheat growers will be glad 
 that their Manitoba brethren are fully to share the blessings 
 of this bounteous year. Tho Sim goes on to say that tourists 
 fresh from the plains of the North- West smile as they gaze on 
 tho fields of stunted grain in the Eastern States ; but that many 
 eastern farm hands will share the blessings that the west is 
 bringing, and instances the fact that one labor agency in 
 Winnipeg has had demands for 4,800 hosr^'est bands at wages 
 of from $30 to $40 a month and boaru. -.Ve«> YorkStm. 
 
 Richest Soil in the 
 World. 
 
 THE soil is a nch, deep, black, argillaceous mould, or loam, 
 resting on a doe|) and very tenacious clay subsoil. It 
 is among the richest, if not the richest, soil in the world, and 
 especially adapted to the growth of wheat. 
 
 The large surplus of wheat produced in Manitoba is 
 eagerly sought after by European millers, and, owing to its 
 .superior ({uality a;id hardness, commands the highest price 
 of any wheat grown in the world. 
 
 f>RNKRAL FEATURES 
 
 MANITOBA is not a monotonous stretch of level prairie, 
 but, on the contrary, its topography is of a varied and 
 diversified character, and in some parts extremely pictur- 
 es) jue. In the south it is broken by the Pembina and Turtle 
 Mountains, and in the north by tho Riding Mountains. The 
 fjastern and central portion has large areas of forest, broken 
 up with hikes and prairie openings. It is well watered by 
 numerous rivers, wliich generally occupy broad and deep 
 valleys, and are aimoht invariably wooded along the banks. 
 
 iMJMA'l'K 
 
 The climate of Manitoba is warm in summer and cold in 
 winter. Tho atmosphere, however, is very bright and dry, 
 and the sensation of cold is not so unpleasant as that of a 
 cold temperature in a humid atmosphere. Warm clothing, 
 especially in driving, and warm houses, are, however, 
 recjuired. Tho snow fall is very light. 
 
 Manitoba is one of the absolutely healthiest countries on 
 the globe for man and lieast, and pleasant to live in. There 
 is no malaria, and there are no diseases arising out of or 
 peculiar to either the province or the climate. 
 
 THK SUMMER IS CHAKMING. 
 
 1 
 
 Tliu long hours of continuous sunshine and warmth afford 
 the remaining conditions to bring the crops to maturity. 
 Warm weather, usually very equ'iblo, prevails, but sometimes 
 a heated .-tpell develops. The nights, however, are always 
 cool and most agreeable. 
 
 Harvesting begins in August and ends in September. 
 The harvesting season is considered the finest of tho year. 
 
 3 
 
I The atmosphere ia generally clear, bright, and, comparatively 
 ' speaking, free from moiaturo. In many caaea the fanner 
 I draws hia grain straight from the f'.eld to the thresher, and 
 ; from the latter to the elevator. It ia not an uncommon thing 
 ' for a farmer to have his wheat all cut, threshed, and marketed 
 before the end of September. In this way the expense of 
 two extra handlings is saved, and the ^st of erecting expen- 
 sive hams and granaries is aroided. 
 
 To all these natural advantagui^ may be added the fact 
 that the hardships of pioneering are scarcely felt in Manitoba. 
 Railways, schools, churches, and thriving towns and villages 
 are now scattered all over the oountiy. Wherever the settler 
 turns he will find colonies of his own countrymen : English, 
 Scotch, Irish, Welsh, French, Germans, Scandinavians, 
 ' Russians, etc., etc., all vieing with one another in building 
 I up the wealth of the province. Under the laws of this 
 country all are placed on the same footing* 
 
 iVIANrrOBA'S METROPOLIS 
 
 A recent issue of "The American Land and Title 
 Register," published in St. Paul, the chiet city of the rival 
 State of Minnesota, says : 
 
 Within the memory of men now in middle life a lonely 
 trading post of the Hudson Bay Com]>any called Fort Ciarry 
 alone marked the site of Winnipeg. This gigantic trading 
 
 j company occupied Fort (iarry as its most important post, 
 and for this purpose tijey chose it well — probably better than 
 they knew. 
 
 At this sput where the waters of the noble Red and the 
 more rapid Assiniboine Rivers mingle, and around which the 
 romantic traditions of the early days still cluster, even in 
 those early days the shrewd ofticers of this compuny. as if 
 with prophetic vision, located their chief trading post, on 
 account ot the many points of vantage it possessed as a pos- 
 
 '. sible commercial emporium. Easy of access, both by river 
 and trail, it was the natural trade centre of a vast country 
 whose bounds were imperial in extent. The commercial 
 supremacy of Fort Garry from its earliest infancy, reaching 
 back almost to the days of La Vorandrye, down through the 
 long years of semi-civilized life, through the dark times of 
 rebellion, through company rule and Canadian government, 
 has never been disputed ; and the proud and commanding 
 position occupied by the Fort Garry of the past is maintained 
 by its mo>e civilized ofisprincc, the Winnipeg of to-day. It is 
 the great mart of a country of nearly 2,000,000,000 acres of 
 rich territory ; the teat of government of the keystone pro- 
 vince of the Dominion of Canada ; the centre of the political, 
 social, literary, monetary aud manufacturing world of the 
 
 , Dominion of the Canadian West, with its suburb, St. 
 Boniface, the fountain head of the educational institutions of 
 not only Manitoba, but the whole North-west. 
 
 Its positive pre-eminence is yearly becoming more pro- 
 nounced and commanding. Twenty years ago a small iso- 
 lated settlement, then a struggling village, then a town ; 
 when, on the advent of the first railway, it rose, within a few 
 years, to the proud position of one of the leading trade 
 centres of the continent. (The accompanying map shows the 
 city as a railroad centre. Ten railways, branching like 
 spokes in a wheel in all directions, gather the wealth of an 
 inland empire to empty it at her feet. Three out of four of the 
 
 jgreat transcontinental railroads now centre here ; and while 
 we recognize the ability of the railways to make or unmake 
 
 ioities, Winnipeg is now so phenomenally a railroad centre 
 that no railroad in the country can aftord to leave it out of its 
 calculations.) 
 
 The navigation of the Red River, Lakes Winnipeg and 
 
 JManitoba, the great Saskatchewan, and other navigable 
 
 'Streams, make tributary to it thousands of miles of important 
 
f 
 
 const line. Seventy-five per cent, of the wheat land of North 
 America ia directly tributary to it, while untold wealth of 
 iron, coal, salt, petroleum, gold, silver, lumber, fish, timber, 
 fun, hones, cattle, sheep, hogs, etc., go to swell resources 
 and backing more vast and varied than are possessed by any 
 other city in the world. 
 
 Although the facile pens of gifted writers have often 
 described its marvellous progress, its prosperity, the enter- 
 prise of its citizens, ihe advantages of its location, and artists 
 have portrayed its bustling streets and costly and substantial 
 atructur a, there is nuzch yet to tell of this rising wonder of 
 the West, which, like an adolescent giant, sits on the rim of 
 the great prairie— the future granary of the world — and with 
 becom ng tinget's invites the home-hu gering people of the 
 congested Kast to its hospitable and rich domain. To-day no 
 I other city in America is a' ti-acting so much the attention of 
 f oapitalistfi, and no other iiy can offer such inducements to 
 investors. The most competent judges pronounce its real 
 ' estate ihe cheapest on the continent, while wo look in vain 
 elsewhere for a city of such natural advantages or such a 
 bright and dazzling future. 
 
 rui-; FiR.s: year in Manitoba 
 
 A practical fartrer of some years residence in Manitoba 
 makes the following statement : 
 
 Land can be purchased cheaply here, or it can be had 
 
 for nothing by homesteading. This enables farmers with 
 
 small capital to commence farming. It is all plain sailing 
 
 for the plow ; no stumps or st«^ne8 to take out on the levi 1 
 
 ; prairie land of Manitoba. A farmer can begin safely on a 
 
 small capital. A single man can start on an outlay of 9385, 
 
 I made up as follows : — 1 yoke of oxen and harness, $115 ; 
 
 ; plow, harrow, < to., $40 ; stove and furniture. $40 ; bedding, 
 
 ietc, $20 ; lumber, doors, windows, etc., for log house, $50 ; 
 
 ' provisions, $90 ; seed, $30. A farmer with a family of five, 
 
 would have to lay out $240 more, bringing the outlay up to 
 
 $626. 
 
 A farmer can come in about the middle of March, select 
 
 his land and build his house ; lie can commence to plough 
 
 about the 5th oi April ; he can break 10 acres and put it 
 
 under crop on the sod; he can continue breaking for two 
 
 months aft'^r he ])uts tlie ten acres under crop, and can break 
 
 30 acres, and backset tlie 40 acres in the fall, ready for crop 
 
 I in the spring. He can raise enough on the 10 acres to give 
 
 I him a start ; he can cut hay enough for his oxen and a cow 
 
 'in July, and it will cost him about $00 additional to seed the 
 
 40 acres in the spring. 
 
 Suppose he puts in 30 acres of wheat, and raises 25 
 busheh to the acre, at 80 cents per bushel, it will be worth 
 $600 ; say 5 acres of oats at 40 bushels per acre, at 35 cents 
 per bushel, $70 ; say 1 acre of potatoes. 200 bushels, at 40 
 cents, $80 ; 3 acres of barley, 40 bushels per acre, worth 40 
 cents, $48 ; and 1 aero of j^arden stuff at $1.20 ; total, $918. 
 After deducting e.xpunses of liarvesting and the whole 
 original outlay, the farmer will still have something to the 
 good to start with next year. Young farmf rs should take a 
 note of this, and secure land in this country before it is all 
 taken up. 
 
 Southern Manitoba 
 Lands. 
 
 SPECIAL attention is called to the lands of the Manitoba 
 South-Western Railway Company, administered by the 
 ]8ame department as that charged with the lands of the 
 Canadian Pacitic. 
 
i 
 
 Owing to certain diHicultios, which have now {UMsed awny, 
 the railway lamU in Southern Manitoba were for a lon^' time 
 locked up from sale or aettlemcnt. In the meantime, all the 
 available (iovernnent lands were «>cciipied and farmed, so 
 that at the time the railway lands wore thrown open for 
 sale, they were in immediate demand. Having all the fruits 
 of civilization the usual accompaniments of pio!iuer life are 
 wanting. 
 
 This section of country is well wooded tine groves of 
 poplar, oak, soft maple, and elm, abound and give pleasing 
 diversity to the landscape, while meadows ure so interspersed 
 
 J with the black, loamy, arable land, as to make the annual 
 
 'crop of prairie hay unusually large. 
 
 ■ Wild Fpuits Abound. 
 
 1M the woods ure to be 'ound in great ({uantities saskatoons, 
 raspberries, cranberries, wihl plumbs, gooseberries and 
 currants, also red and black cherries. 
 
 i Game. 
 
 AT the lakes, in the shooti' '^ season, pelicans, waveys, 
 and grey geese, beside forty-two different 8i)ecio8 of 
 wild ducks are in Mocks that literally cover mile- of water ; 
 partridges and scrub labbits are in great numbers in the brush, 
 and deer ar • by no means scarce. 
 
 I The neighbouring prairies are i>leutifully stocked with 
 grouse, Jack rabbits, Sandhill cranes and other game. 
 
 ASSINIBOIA. 
 
 THE District of Assiniboia lies between the Province of 
 Manitoba and the District of Alberta, and extends north 
 from the International boundary to the 62nd parallel of lati- 
 tude, and contains an area of thirty-four million acres. 
 Travelling westward on the line of the Canadian Pacific Rail- 
 way, the district is entered at a point 41'J miles west of 
 Winnipeg. 
 
 The eastern part of thedistrict is known as the Park Country 
 ,of the Canadian North- West. The surface is rolling, dotted 
 over with clumps of trees, usually found bordering the shores 
 of lakes or meadows. The valley of the Pipestone is coji- 
 sidered the most attractive section. Cual ni abundauce is 
 found in the south, in the district drained by the Souris 
 River. This district, including the Province of Manitoba, 
 will one day be the 
 
 GREATEST 
 
 WHEAT PRODUOINO 
 SEOTION 
 
 of the American C(mtinent, for the following reasons : — Ist. 
 It ha.s a soil particularly rich in the food of the wheat plant. 
 2nd. A climate under which the plant comes to miiturity 
 with great rapidity. 3rd. On account of its nf)rthern latitude 
 it receives more sunshine during the period of growth than 
 the country to the South. 4th. Absence of rust, duo to 
 dryness of climate. 5th. Absence of insect foes. 
 
 These conditions are specially favourable to the growth 
 of the hard, tlinty wheat of the Scotch Fyfe variety, that is 
 so highly prized by millers all the world over, giving it a 
 value of from 10 to '25c. a bushel over the softer varieties 
 grown in Europe and the older parts of Canada. It has now 
 the distinctive designation in the wheat markets of the 
 world of 
 
 While thi 
 percentag 
 aown is ai 
 statistics 
 not been 
 
 This 
 River Di» 
 
 as a mixe 
 
 the latter 
 
 (Serves, aa 
 
 jtaken up 
 
 thi kly c< 
 
 the glass 
 
 " Huflalo 
 
 about mi 
 
 roots an 
 
 summer. 
 
 emacintei 
 
 on the Bi 
 
 The su 
 
 is also an 
 
 seams ths 
 
 Settl 
 
 thus at h) 
 
 logs and J 
 
 I 'V\ 
 
 Thea 
 the liuiU 
 their ele^ 
 certainty 
 vided wil 
 
 to the 
 meado vv 
 snow fal 
 , winds, 
 
 f 
 
 (>rea 
 seeming 
 are large 
 $42.00 p< 
 animals 
 original 
 their sha 
 are now 
 to fatten 
 and it is 
 for 2,0<R 
 had beei 
 seems to 
 for ciittli 
 
 ! The 
 
 Maple C 
 of land, 
 
 ' to exam 
 
 . along th 
 South ol 
 
 . Hows N< 
 South ol 
 
aw/iy, 
 K time 
 ill the 
 ed, BO 
 [jii for 
 
 fruits 
 ife are 
 
 VOH of 
 easing 
 pursed 
 miuial 
 
 with 
 
 I MANiroriA HARIV 
 
 While this poil producos a hurry of Much a hi^h grade, the 
 percentagu V-^tweeti the Hinount of 5,'niin produced for that 
 sown is aniasiiit.', and the record shown by the last complete 
 statistics of an average of <'i,'> hunhfli per acre, is one that has 
 not been approache<l on this continent. 
 
 ASSINIBOIA. 
 
 This region, which is fully t'tjuiil to the Bow and Belly 
 Rivt'r District as a stock innntry, jiml to tlio Calgary District 
 an a mixt-d farming c untry, liaH liccii ignortMl in the rush t<j 
 the latter places. It is now attraciing the attention it de- 
 serves, as attested by the large niinil)ur of settlers tliat have 
 taken up land during thu past season. It is everywhere 
 thi kly covered with a good growth of nutritious grasses, - 
 the glass is usually the slioit, crisp variety, known as 
 " liiiffalo (Jrass," wliicli becouies t«> all appearances dry 
 about midsummer, but is still green and growing at the 
 roots and forms excellent pasture both in winter and 
 summer. It is ama/.ing the rapidity with which poor 
 emaciated animals brou< ht from the Ka.st get sleek and fat 
 on the Buffalo grass of the plains. 
 
 The supply of timber 0:1 the hills is considerable. There 
 is also an abuadancu of fuel of a ditt'erent kind in the coal 
 seams that are exposed in many of the valleys. 
 
 Settlers in this Section of the Company's lands have 
 thus at hand an abundant supply of timber suitable for bouse 
 logs and fencing, and both coal and wood for fuel. 
 
 i 'I'HK OYPREbS HJI.LS OOMNTHY 
 
 These hills, which may b«' dindy seen m the South from 
 the Railway, are especially adapted for stock raising, and as 
 their elevation is sufKcient to make general farming an un- 
 certainty, the grass land that nature has so bountitully pro- 
 vided will not likely be disturbed by the plough, thus giving 
 to the farmer on the plain.'^ adjoining, never failing hay 
 meadows and unlimited pasture ground fur his stock. The 
 snow fall is light, the climate is tempered by the Chinook 
 winds, and water and i-helter are everywliere abundant. 
 
 (ireat herds of range cattle roam at will over these 
 seemingly boundless pastures. The profits to the stockmen 
 are large as can be readily imagined when it is shown that 
 ?4'2.00 per head was paid for steers on the rangi-s this year, 
 animals that cost their owners only the interest on the 
 original investment incurred in stocking the ran<he, and 
 their share in the cost of the annual round ups. Yearlings 
 are now being sent into tlii.s country all the way from Ontario 
 to fatten on the nutritious grasses of these Western jilains, 
 and it is reckoned that alter i»aying cost of calf and freight 
 for 2,000 miles, the profit will be greater than if these cattle 
 had been fattened by si all feeding in Ontario. Everything 
 seems to p(tint towards this l>eing the future fattening giound 
 tor cattle intended for Eun^poan markets. 
 
 SETTLEMENTS 
 
 The principal settlements are in the District South of 
 I Maple Creek, Dunniore and Medicine Hat. Parties in search 
 of land, either fur mixed farming or stock-raising, .ire advised 
 to examine the country South-Westof Swift Current Station, 
 .along the Swift Current Creek, South and West of (iull Lake, 
 j South of .Maple Creek, the Valley of Mackay Creek that 
 ; flows Nortli from the Hills crossing the tract at Walsh, and 
 ; South of Irvine and Dunmore. 
 
 1 , 
 
ALBERTA. 
 
 TlIK Proviuioiiftl District of AUKtrfa, the tfmat riincliiiiK»l 
 ciiiiry fanniii!^ .'iii<l iniiitfnil titunrry of tli»> ("aimdiHii 
 MortJi Wijit, i)iiit)ra(«H iiii ;iri'.i Linger tlwiii that of Kii;,'l)iinr 
 and W^kliM to^^cthor. In if jin' i:oiii|iris(>tl If) millintiH of .utoh 
 of t.hu ini.it fttrtilf soil mi t|i<> i-mitiiKMit, iiml hoiik' >>'' 
 Am»!rica'B hent, <Iu|ioHit!) of coal ami invtaU. 
 
 Altlmuj^h hut yet in its infant yoiri, tlic fanie of Al crta 
 lias I'XtciwU'ij to t)ie rcinoti- jiartH of tin' worl'l, and travclJcTH, 
 touii.sts and hcidth Rockxrs from iMan\ lands liavn conic t(» 
 oiijoy the niaijnificenii' of its sconci y, to inhale it» hoaJth 
 Kivini; nioiint.on air, and hatlif in thtr licalinif watern of ita 
 niineriil spring's ; and nianv wlio come Init for a hricf stay- 
 ar L'liticiid hy the attractioiiH <.f ita many and varied fioiirooM 
 of wi'alth. aa w«'l as tlio I rii^ht |>ioh|hm fs df health and suc- 
 cesH to iiiaki) homo i for theinsc Ives leneath the shadow of 
 the over hoaiitiful, niajeatic, awo inspiring Hoekies. j 
 
 OENEHAL FKATIJRE8 I 
 
 Alhorta may bo described as havini,' tliree dintinct Mur 
 face features, viz. prairie, lind- on tlie easi, which are 
 thickly timbered in the northern part >>{ tho province ; then 
 come the roUinsf lands or foot hills, oxtendiiif^ aomo 40 miles 
 from the Imso of the mountains, mostly heavily timbered, 
 and lastly the majestic mountains, containing vast iiiiaiititieH 
 of gold and other ores. 
 
 rather improves It than otIierA ise, and is very seldom deep j 
 enoii.;h to prevent the atiimals eatinj{ it off the ground. 
 
 During the last live years iii.iny thousand (jattle, sheep 
 and horst^s have been raised in the sontliern half of .Alberta 
 on he rich grass without any feeding o" shtdter other tli n 
 the s'lelter found along the lull sides or in olumjis of trees. 
 The cattle ami sheep wlien taken off the pasture are fat and 
 lit for aiiv buliher's sh<i[) in the wurld, and the horsc^s are 
 rolling fat. 
 
 ALBERTA. 
 
 NOHTHKRN 
 
 T^ORTHERN Alberta embraces the great fertile tract of 
 1 1 country watered by the lied Deer, the Hattle, the 
 North Haskatehewan and Sturgeon rivers. It is a country 
 )ire-eminently suited to mixed farming, [i is well wooded 
 and watered, and abounds with natural hay niea 'ows. A 
 settler going int > this country with liittle means does not need 
 to expend his c pital in purchasing lumber to provide build- 
 ings for himself and his stock. As regards water, there are 
 
 
 
fit riuicliiii^^j 
 le CaiihiIihII 
 (if Kii;,'liHitl! 
 
 inriH of IKTUH 
 III niilllr </ 
 
 m of A I oru' 
 1(1 tnivi'lli'rs.j 
 
 lV») C'UIIIC to 
 
 itH ht'iilth 
 VHtciH of its 
 I liit'f Mtayj 
 iried sniircf^HJ 
 
 ]tll HIIll MlK'-( 
 
 I', sliiidow of 
 
 1('8. 
 
 distinct HUi- 
 , which iir(! 
 vinct' ; tlii-ii 
 ine 40 miles 
 y tiiiib(^r(!d, 
 
 8t ijUUtltitlOH 
 
 [iroven to b(»i 
 followed in 
 ; well !iH in 
 liine on the 
 ■ tlie Hi)(.ky 
 
 1 for ra''.sin<4 
 
 tllout otlliT 
 
 ;rows every- • 
 n tlio stem, 
 md, wit'iout 
 ered liy the 
 icli ci>V(!rin'4 
 eldom il('(|i 
 [•oillid. 
 It tie, Mh(~ep 
 i of Alhcrtii 
 r other t!i n ■ 
 ijiH of trees. 
 iiri' fat and 
 i hor8t!8 are 
 
 tile tract of 
 Hnttle, the 
 J a country 
 ell woi>ded 
 ea 'ows. A, 
 )e8not need ' 
 ivide build- 
 ', there are j 
 
 ma^nifiniMit water conr80«, innnmerablo lakes, mountaiiV 
 sftiiini, f»n I cre-k*, mil springs. This district offers 
 millions of acres of deup, rich soil, and pmesses beyond dis- 
 pnt(« the ni )si unifomily proluL'tivo laml at jirosont open for 
 free settlement. The r.iilw.iy to Kdnionton was cotnpletod 
 this summer 'IK!»1 hihI thus some of the linest farmini< dis- 
 tricts in the nortti WHSt,, hitlierto practically inaccessible to 
 the intend ni>{ settler, have been made availabh!. 
 
 A resident of the District writes that "the northern part 
 may be described in i,'eiieral term.s as rollin.; |>rairie, dotted 
 over with bluffs of 8i»ruco and poplir, int(!rspersed with Inkei 
 and iiijadows, and intersected witii numjrovis small creeks, 
 Klviiii,' the whole a particularly park like appearance, which, 
 in point of natural scenery, is b*yond the possibility of 
 exai,'i»erati»n. I hwo seen the ino.st beautiful spots of five 
 of the cistern prov iiices, and of several of the states across 
 our sou'hcrn bonier, but I have never seen any section of • 
 country which in its natural state could compare with this 
 
 THE EDMONTON 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 Drill N( I the session of 18l>0Mr. Leonard CJaetz was exam- 
 ined before a Parliamentary Committee conoernini^ the 
 country watered by the 
 
 RED DEER RIVER 
 
 crossed by the railway about halfway between Calgary and 
 Edmonton (vide map). He spoke (jf it as The Garden of 
 Nki.itKUTA, "A country pre-eniiiuntly suited to mixed farm- 
 injif. It has some peculiar features in this respect, that it is 
 a well-wooded and a well watered country, 't is a country 
 where a settler t,'oing with little means does not need to 
 expend his capital altof^ether to provide shelter for himself 
 and his stock, but wliere. if he has not timber on his own 
 land, he can ^'et a permi' from the fJovernment and get 
 1,800 lineal feet of buildinj,' timber, 40^) roof poles, 2,000 
 fence rails and .'50 cords of dry wood for 50 cents, and j)ut up 
 hia buildinga. lie can husdand his reHourcea to expend in 
 fitting himself out with stock and iinplenients to carry on his 
 work. 
 
 1 have seen wheat and oit straw that grew to the hei(rht 
 of i>h and G feet and yet well headed and filled with plump 
 grain " 
 
 Our young stock or yearlings sim])ly go in the shed in the 
 night, and -round the straw stack in the day. Our breed ng 
 cows we house. My you g horses wore out this winter until 
 the list week in January, though one of the coldest winters 
 .since 1 have been in the coiintr-. They were in perfectly 
 good condition, and healthy. It does not take any very 
 great skill to raise cattle, which at twenty-eight or thirty 
 months old will dress without an ounce of grain, 650 and 
 700 pounds of beef, or a three year old that will dress 
 800 to 860 pounds. 1 am sj)eakin<; of what I have seen, 
 and am testifying to what 1 know by personal experience. 
 Then it does not take a very great deal of skill iu farm- 
 ing, Even a novice like myself in average years can 
 grow crops of grain — oats from .W to 75 bushels to the acre, 
 and weighing 46 to 50 pounds to the bushel ; barley from 46 
 to 56 bushels to the acre, and weighing from 54 to 57 pounds 
 tt) the bushel ; wheat from 35 to 40 bushels to the acre, and 
 weighing from 62 to 64 pounds per bushel." 
 
 9 
 
 -ifc.-V.- **■ - ■•!»-. 
 
SCHOOLS OHUROHES STORES 
 
 i 
 
 Round the old and importan post of Edmonton and th# 
 mission in tho neighbourhood, a thriving but notver}- exten- 
 sive 8et*Iemcnt has been establishod for some years. Iloavy 
 croj)8 are harve8te<l and a consideniltle i|uantity of j^old Iih« 
 been taken from the river bars in the neis^hbourlKHxl. 
 Edmonton has hitherto been reached only by carts acrc-ss 
 th» prairies, or boats up the Saskatchewan, niivi^atinn bniiii» 
 difficult except in the suiiuner owin^ to sliiftin;..; «and bars. 
 It has now 
 
 DIRECT RAIL OOMM UN lOATK^N ^ 
 
 with the . Canadian Pacific Railway, tho coal mines in 
 Southern Alberta and tho markets of Rritish (Columbia as 
 well as those to the East. The climate ilifTers from that <>f 
 Soutliern Alberta in that the rain and snowfall i« Ik aviiM-, 
 and is coini)arativoly Gpeakint; frui; from windstorm.n. It ia 
 therefore more favorable to the i^Towth of cereaLs. The fol- 
 lowing instanccH are a few out of many showiiij^ the aijriciil- 
 tnral qualities of the di.stiict. 
 
 THE BATTLEFORD ! 
 DISTRICT. ! 
 
 MR.S.A.MACFARLANEwhohAsbeoninthoNorth-West 
 for many years, states that the indications wore that 
 immigration was about to largely set in towards the Battle 
 River and Nortli Saskatchewan Valleys. He spoke ho|ie- 
 fnlly of the Battle River section. "Why" he said, 'there 
 is no finer country in the world, and no bott r crojm aro 
 raised in any section of the continent than in that part of the 
 North-Wfst, of which Battleford is the centre." He knew 
 j»eople who had <{<me there without a dollar and in a slmrL 
 time had become very well off indeed, entirely throiis^h mixed 
 farming. The whole secret of success in that country was 
 possessed by any practical farmer." 
 
 Speaking of the fertility of the soil, he said " he knew 
 farmers therj who for five successive years had an averaj^e of 
 over fifty bushels of oats to the acre. La-st fall wheat 
 averaged about thirty, and oats from fifty to sixty. Hoots and 
 vegetables wore always a good crop. .\s to the ))eef-pro- 
 ducing capabilities of the country, it was only necos.sary to 
 say that two-year old steers, fed altogetlier on the native 
 grasses, dressed eight hundred pimnds right aloiiir." 
 
 " If you have any trietuli," said Mr. Macfarlane, in con- 
 cluding, " who know how to farm, and with free lands in a 
 district possessing the best advantage that nature can bestow, 
 you can't do them a bettor turn than direct their attention to 
 the North Saskatchewan and Battle River country." 
 
 The country, though a very rich one, has been closed for 
 want of easy means of conimiinication. The railway is now 
 completed and opened to Prince .\lbert on the North Sas- 
 katchewan. There is abundant land to choose from, the even 
 numbered sections being the proi)erty of the (iovernmentaiid 
 oi)en to Frkk Homkstkadino. Numerous settlers in tho 
 Prince Albert district who have removed from other parts of 
 the country testify to tho fertility of the soil." 
 
 Wm. Mim.kk came from Huron County, Ont., and moved 
 to the Saskatchewan ia 1873, and t(>ok up land (juite does 
 
 10 
 
RES I 
 
 niton and th« 
 lot vtT}' extcn- 
 /ears. Hoavy 
 ty of •{old lial 
 oitfhbourliood. 
 y carts aori/ss 
 •i^ation l)niii(j 
 iL,' Hand bars. 
 
 'ION ' 
 
 lal iiiiiieH iti 
 (/'olunibia aa 
 from that of 
 
 ,11 is lii;ivii'r, 
 
 itortiiH. It ia 
 la. Tlio tol. 
 
 ii till) aijricul- 
 
 DRD 
 
 lo where Prince A.lbart now atands. Likes the Saskatchewan 
 c )uiitr> b.)ttii thaii Ontario or Mmiboba Mr Miller has 
 k»ipt a diary since he c^mu to the country, so that his stato- 
 iiMMits an! not nia lo fro-n moMiory. He Mtates that his oat 
 crop has v.vriod fr>ni 4'> to MO binhols per acre in differonb 
 yivirs, evcopt in 1H8!>, wbou it was about 20 btishela peracn3. 
 HorsfM, cattle, sheep and ho>,'s have all done well with him. 
 
 Cm vs. Mmii, for sixteen yeirs a reiident, has farmed for 
 ten years on (juite a lar^e scale. He lias never had what 
 could b(! called a failure in wheat. In 1H8!>, the crop was 
 li!,'ht from drou^'hS but could not bo called a failure. There 
 has always bt^en abundance of hay, even during the dryest 
 years, and vast <|uantitif's of the natural prairie hay goes to 
 waste aniinally. 
 
 .1 \MK> M( .\KrnnK, banker. Prince Albert, is interested 
 in a lar^e sheej) ranche lie says it costs less to keep sheep 
 over the winter than durinj^ the summer. The region is a 
 yreat hay country, and hay I'.an be put up fi'r the wiiiter at a 
 I'ost of about ^1 per t'>n. .Sheep can be ktpt throu^^h the 
 wiiitei at a cost of about 2') (■.•uts per head, when hai'dled 
 on a ian^e scale. They are free fniiii disease. flay has 
 never been scarce. The (^rowtli of tiie natural prairie <»rass 
 i< luxuriant. Water is readily obtained every wliere. Where 
 there is not good surface or ruunini^ wattT, jtcan bo obtained 
 in wells at a depth of K' to 14 feet. 
 
 SOUTHERN ALBERTA. 
 
 leNorth-West 
 )ns wore that 
 ds the Rattle 
 spi>ke hope- 
 said, '• there 
 y r crojrs aro 
 lat part of the 
 ]{e knew 
 iixl in a short 
 hroiiiih mixed 
 . country was 
 
 d ' ' he. knew 
 an averaj^e of 
 it fall wiieat 
 y. Hoots and 
 the beef-pro- 
 ' necessary to 
 in the native 
 
 riane, in con- 
 ec lands in a 
 o can bestow, 
 r attention to 
 itry." 
 
 i 
 
 en closed for 
 tilway is now 
 J North Sas- 
 "om, the even 
 vernmentaiid 
 ittlers in tiie 
 )th(*r parts of 
 
 ., and moved 
 d tjuito does 
 
 ' ■ !"r,R RAISINf.l 
 
 To-day Alberta stands unequalled amont; the cattle coun- 
 tries of the world ; iind the unknown Ian I of a few years aa[o 
 is now looked In as one of the i^re itest future supply depots 
 of the Hritis.'i markets. 
 
 Althoui,di c It tie had l)een introduced int > Alberta a num- 
 ber of year.-i back , it was n<it \iiitil IftSl that the foundation 
 <if the present unsat indiis'ry was laiil. 
 
 Tluireare now in the raiii;esuf .Mberta hundreds of h rds 
 of fat cattle, which at any weai-oii are neither fed nor s' el- 
 tered ; cattle, ton, whi(!h in point of bretiding, size and gen- 
 eral condition, are equal, if not superior, tnany rani^o cattle 
 ill the world ; for the Alberta rancher, injudicious as he may 
 be ill some poiiiis of man;ig uneiit, is deserving of the great- 
 est crcflit for the liigh gra le wliicii tlie rani^e cittle have 
 reached. Shorthorns, Hereford and Annus bulls have been 
 imported at great ex;>enae ; but. tlu^ inti^re-^ton theoutlay has 
 indeed been both svtisfact<iry and encouraging, and theyoung 
 cat le of the .Mberta r.inges would cnmiiare favourably with 
 the barnyanl cattle of grea* Hiitain. With a local market 
 which annually consumes from eighteen to twenty th<iusand 
 beeves, and the demand evi-r increasing ; with the great mar- 
 ktft of the world within easy access, with our natural advan- 
 tages enticing the most experienced cattlemen froin the 
 American Ti rritories and IJiitish Columbia to invest in the 
 liusiness here;, who can say what will lie the future of this 
 industry which has grown with such gigan'ic striil'S in eight 
 yt-ars, 
 
 SREFIP RAISING 
 
 .Mberta to-(hiy offers what the Australian colonies had to 
 ill'er thirty years ago: millions of acres "f rich grass lands, 
 well watered and adapted in every respect for growing tirst- 
 ehus mutton and line wool. Sheiip mature early, owing 
 to the line quality of the grass. To winter them safely, good 
 warm roomy sheds, pliuity of hay (H) tons to the 100 h ad) 
 and careful looking after is all that is wanted. Throughout 
 
 a 
 
tha groater part of the winter, sheep only re(|uire one feed a, 
 day. the restof fcha davfchjyarj lot out t<></raze, and broughj 
 home into sheds at night. I 
 
 DAIRY F.^ NO 
 
 The leiidins; features that mark mit this section of CanadaJ 
 as the K< nmtr y prr f.r'pHf no for the nianufaoture of cheesol 
 and butter, are : Int. The ricli nat.inil i^rassns on which thej 
 cows caJi <4raze the whohi year niuml, dninu' away with the! 
 necessity of artificial feedin<(. '2nd. Tlie entire ahsenc of 
 highly flavoured noxious weeds, the. c<msunipti(.n of whichj 
 taints the pro luct of the dairy. .Trd. Th(! Rumuier tenipora-' 
 turo cooled by the mountain breezes, with the sparklingi 
 spring's of cdd mountain water with which th i country 
 abounds. 
 
 HORSE RATSfNG 
 
 Asa horse brooding country, Alberta bids fair to be to- 
 Canada wliat Kentucky is to the T^nited States. A ccmntrv; 
 where the horse attains the very height of perfection. Itsj 
 northern location, its high altitude, its invigorating and dry 
 atmosphere, mild winters, with luxuriant grasses and plenti- 
 ful sui)ply of purest water, are all conductive to the growth 
 and deve.opment of the noltle animal ; and altlnugh the 
 industry is still very young, the Alberta horse has become 
 noted for endurance, lung power and freedom from hereditary ( 
 or other diseases. ' 
 
 There are at present in Alberta several grades of horses, j 
 varying in point of (juality from tlie hardy Indian Pony 
 (Cay use) to the beautiful, well formed thoroughbred, 
 Thor<)aghbreds from Great Britain and Kentncky, Clydes- 
 dales from Scotland, Percherons fmui France, and trotting- 
 F-tock from the United States, have been imported at great 
 exi)en9e, and the result is thit the young horses of Alberta; 
 will compare with any in Canada. 
 
 I 
 
 MINERALS 
 
 That Alberta jioasesses \intold wc^alth in her immense ! 
 mineral deposits, is no longer a matter of speculation. For 
 years past gold in ])ayin<,' (piantities has been found on the • 
 banks and bars of the North Saskatchewan River. CJold j 
 colours are found in almost every stream and river in Alberta, , 
 and as the country is thoroughly ]>ro8pocted there is every; 
 reason to 8uj)pose that rich finds will be disc(»vered. Large ' 
 veins of galena have been located which are ])ronounc(!d by , 
 ex[)erts to contain a large percentage of .silver. Caj)ital ! 
 alone is wanting to make them treasuries of wealth to the | 
 country. Copper ore in enormons iiuantiti s has also been ' 
 found, said to contain <><' per cent, of pure cop|)er. Iron ore • 
 has been discf)vered in various parts of Alberta. \ f<U'ty- i 
 foot seam of hematite iron said to contain 07 per cent, of j 
 inm. exists at the base of Storm Mountain, ipiite c'ose to » 
 the Canadian Pacific Railway Lim!, and other large seams * 
 are known to exist in the Macleod District in the vicinity of ' 
 Crow's Nest Pass. ■ 
 
 As to the (piantity of the coal dep isitsof Alberta, it isim- ? 
 possible to form any estimate. The coal mines already dis- ; 
 c .vered are of sufhcient extent to supply Cinada with fuel ' 
 for centtiries. At Lethbridgo, one and a half million dcdlirs ■ 
 have l)een already ex|)ended in (l(!velo|timr the coal mines of : 
 one comi)any. At Anthracite, over one hundred thousand ( 
 dollars have boon expendt^d in opening up the hard coal \ 
 dej)osits of that vicinity. Hard coal has recently been dis- ' 
 covered at Edmonton, semi-anthracite at Rosebud, anthracite 
 near Canmore, and vast deposits in Crow's Ne.st Pass in the | 
 southern district. 
 
 Soft cotl is Bo plentiful that the certainty of a cheaj) 
 fuel supply is assured to Albertans for very many generations. 
 
 U 
 
me feed a 
 id brough 
 
 of Canada! 
 
 of clieeso! 
 which the 
 
 with tho 
 bscnc of 
 
 (if which 
 
 feiiipora- 
 
 spiirkling 
 
 country' 
 
 • to be to 
 
 country 
 on . Its 
 ; and dry 
 id plonti- 
 e *;rowth 
 <,uijh the 
 s become > 
 leroditary: 
 
 f hornes, 
 lan Pony 
 )UE;hbred. 
 Clydes- 
 1 trotting 
 at threat 
 f Alberta 
 
 IIIIIIUMISU 
 
 ion. For 
 id on tho 
 pr. CJold 
 1 Alberta, 
 ' is every 
 1. Liiryo 
 luncfid by 
 Capital 
 til to tlio 
 also been 
 Iron ore 
 A forty- 
 cent, of 
 I c'oae to 
 ■<je seams 
 icinity of 
 
 >, it isiin- 
 oady difl- 
 iviHi fuel 
 111 dollira 
 mines of 
 thoMsand 
 lard ciial 
 been dis- 
 iithracite 
 Lss in the 
 
 a cheap 
 crationi. 
 
 Tf^ 
 
 — — I, 
 
 There is hardly a 
 deposit of coal. 
 
 township in this vast country but has a 
 
 i I 
 
 + 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 There is no place on this western hemisphere that enjoys 
 more bright Hunlii;ht, diiriny the year round, than Alberta, 
 and it ciijoyH at. least fifty per cjiit more than the averai,'e. 
 
 THE SPRING is the mostiryiny; not because it is 
 j.'artieularly wet or severe, <>r loiitj, but because with a mild 
 winter, one e.vitei'ts to at;e a correapnndiii^ly early spriuL'. 
 The winter i.s siioitened mostly by its often beini; nearly 
 New ^'ear before there is any winter weather to 8])eak of. 
 
 THE SUMMER once entered upon, tlie weather is 
 super!) ; between the day.s of briuht, life-produi^inusunsliiiie, 
 copiou.s warm showt^rs fall bathini,' the rich soil like a liot- 
 bed, and fnrciug vegetation forwanl in rapid and rank jiro 
 fusion. 
 
 THE AUTUMN WEATHER of Alberta is perfeet. 
 Towards tlie end of ,St!|)tembjr, the air gets chilly at night, 
 with fro.st enouj^h to make the roads crisp in the morning ; 
 the aun rises in matchless splendour, the blue vault of Heaven 
 is unmarked with e\en tliesha low of a cloud, the atmo8j)heri' . 
 clear and liglit, bright and invigorating, thrilling every pul- 
 sation of feeling, sharpening the intellect, and infusing ruddy 
 energy into every part of the body. 
 
 WHEN WINTER sets in, there are bright, keen days, 
 with low readings of the thermometer, alternatiu'.,' with days 
 of great warmth. Consideri >g both latitude and altitude, 
 the thermometer may be several degrees below zero in the 
 forenoon, and in the afternoon a south wi^d (Chinook) may 
 spring u]). and in a few hours the temperature will be 40 or 
 til) degrees above zero, and for days, and ften weeks, in th(! 
 winter season, Albertans enjoy summer weather, conseipieiit 
 on th-'se south- west wirm winds. I'sually cold weather sets 
 inab)uttlij first of .laniiary, ami conti ues with intervals 
 of Chinook weather, until the beginning of March, when the 
 real eold weather is past. After that time occas'onal cold 
 snaps of a faw days occur. 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 HTTTTRR MAKTNG IN AlT-iKHTA ' 
 
 A practical man in Alberta, makes the following statement 
 about Hiittar making in Alberta : - 
 
 A settler arrives here having means to put a small house 
 on his KiO-aeri! homcstt'ad, and lias al-o im-ans to ^et a span 
 of hors(!s, a plough, and harrow, with e;iouL;h of seed to 
 plant a few acres. Th n, if he lias a wife, ami #100 left, let 
 liim buy two cows ; if more money still, more cows- say live 
 cows the first year. From the.se lie will be abh; to make fives 
 liounds of butter daily <lurin<; live months, worth in our 
 market 25 cents a pound (Is). This will support himself and 
 wife. The milk will also feed three calves and a couple of 
 pig-<. Now, it must be remembered that the care of these 
 need not prevent him from eultivafing a good garden and 
 attending to a goodly number of acres of crops besides. And 
 It must be al.so remembered, in connection with a'l this, that 
 no matter how favourable the season, or how great the return 
 from the cultivated acres may be, the profit to be deiived 
 from propt-rly attended milch cows is -^uie and wtdl worth 
 consideration. 
 
 O course, the above applies to iiulividual beginnings of 
 nn industry that will unavoidably merge into a co-operative 
 dairy farming, when the creamery will be established in the 
 
 18 
 
centre of the township, where the individual or company i 
 will gather the cream from the surrounding farmers, and ' 
 om|)loy a practical and trained butter-maker, who will pro- 
 duce from the uniform and unoqualled cream of Alberta, the 
 gilt-odj^e creamery butter of commerce, unsurpassed by any 
 in the world. 
 
 mw. OAPABTT HMV'S OF A TOWNSHIP 
 
 Let us get down to fifrurcB, and see the practical possibili- 
 ties of a single townsliip of Albertji ])asture land. A town- . 
 ship is (> miles sipiare, and contains .'{(> sections of 040 acres 
 each Lot us suppose this divided into 72 farms of 820 acres,* 
 each farm cipable of sustaining, both summer and winter, 20 
 cows ; this makes 1,440 tows in the township. It will be 
 admitted that a fair average cow will yield sutticient milk and 
 cream to make (me pound of butter a day for five months in 
 each year. Now, 1,400 lbs. of butter produced daily at, «iy, 
 20 cents p r pound (lOd.), will amount in a season to the 
 handsi me sum of $42,003 (£8,500). Just think of this sum 
 coming into a single township every season ; and remember- 
 ing all the while that after the farmer milks his cows in the 
 morning, he can then, until the milking of evening, attend 
 to all the demands and duties of his profitable mixed farming 
 besides. 
 
 MARKETS 
 
 But it may be asked : where will you find a market for 
 all this butter ? Well the question of a market need give 
 little trouble. It is certain that if there were a hundred 
 creameries in Alberta, each making a greater output than the 
 above, there would be twenty commission merchants in active 
 competition to purchase the productions Butter being a 
 prime necessity of civilization, mu-^t not only be of good 
 <|uality, but must be produced in large (juantities to make the 
 handling of it profitable, | 
 
 Foreseeing the future and the demand for our i)roduc- 
 tions is why 1 would earnestly encourage the incoming settler 
 to the inviting lands of Alberta to make daiiy-farming his 
 principal vocation, the most practical contributions towards 
 which are common sen.se and a good wife. 
 
 AVATT.ARLI^ TANOS 
 
 Out of the lands so far surveyed by the Oovernment, it is 
 estimated that about twenty million acres «re open for free 
 entry. Nearly two million acres of this lies within the Pr )- 
 vince of Manitoba. It is difficult now to obtain Free (J rant 
 Lands in the Piovinco of Manitoba within easy disUuice f)f a 
 railway. An odd quarter of a section is to be picked up here 
 and there in the well-settled parts of the province, but, prac- 
 tically speaking, the settler must go twenty to thirty miles 
 from a railwav before he can ex{>ect to find land that will suit 
 him. There is considerable land to be had south-west of Oak 
 Lake, in tlio Brandon Agency, within the boundaries of the 
 Railway (Jrant. Eastern Assiniboia is fairly well settled, but 
 no ditHculty is experienced in getting a homestead close to 
 the track after the second principal meridian is crossed. In 
 VVoatern Assiniboia and Alberta, with the excepticm of the 
 Calgary district, homesteads can be had in every township. 
 Valuable locations can be secured within a mile of the rail- 
 way stations. Then for tlie wanderer there arc untold acres 
 tosi'lect from in the Di.strict of Saskatchewan and Northern 
 Alberta, at Prince Albert, Battloford, Edmonton, and other 
 points in the valley of the (ireat Saskatchewan. These dis- 
 
 U 
 
company t 
 mers, and ' 
 > will |>ro- 
 berta, the 
 led by any 
 
 1 possibili- 
 
 A town- 
 
 040 acres 
 
 820 acres,' 
 
 winter, 20 
 
 [t will be 
 
 t milk and 
 
 months in 
 
 ly at, say, 
 
 jn to the 
 
 f this sum 
 
 •eniember- 
 
 )ws in the 
 
 ng, attend 
 
 id farming 
 
 triota are now opened up by the construction of railwajrs from 
 Regina and Calvary in^o the very heart of the Saskatchewan 
 country. 
 
 It is a mii^take for those who have C)ii)ital to be tempted 
 by the offers of a free homestead, into goiii^ far away from a 
 railway. To such we would say, examine well the lands 
 offered for sale by the Railway Company. The facilities 
 offered for your doing this will save a groat deal of expense 
 and valuable time necessarily lost in selecting a free home- 
 stead. 
 
 The Company's lands are of every description : meadow, 
 bush, level or rolling prairie, heavy clay lands, and light 
 loamy soils. ♦ The individual likings of every aett'er can be 
 met with both as regards quality and price. 
 
 I- 
 
 ADVICE TO SETTLERS. 
 
 narket for 
 need give 
 I hundred 
 t than the 
 ts in active 
 )r being a 
 le of good 
 ) make the 
 
 iir produc- 
 ling settler 
 irming his 
 IS towards 
 
 tnent, it is 
 n for free 
 1 the Pr.)- 
 ree (irant 
 tjince of a 
 )(1 u|) here 
 but. prac- 
 lirty miles 
 .t will suit 
 est of Oak 
 ies of the 
 jttled, but 
 id close to 
 )S8ed. In 
 on of the 
 township, 
 f the rail- 
 itold acres 
 Northern 
 and other 
 Fhese dis- 
 
 THE newcomer need not fear that when he reaches 
 Winnipeg he will fall into the hands ot thieves, ini- j 
 posters, or unfriendly people. If he follows the directions ' 
 of this pamphlet, he will put himself in the hands of real 
 friends, who will look after him. The train is met upon its 
 arrival by the agents of the (Jovornment and of the Canadiiui 
 Pacific Railway Company, who take chirge of immigrants 
 and give them all the assistance and advice they need in a 
 strange land. 
 
 Cost of Railway Tickets 
 j Refunded. 
 
 SPECIAL round-tri)) explorer's tickets can be obtained ;it 
 the Conjpauy's Lind Ottioe, tlie full price of wliicli will 
 be rofuiuleil if tlio holder purchases KiO acres or nnne. Fn 
 this way, land hunters are onal)led to make a personal inspec- 
 tion of the land free of cost to themselves. 
 
 For the convenience of in .e^tors, every Station Agent in 
 the West is 8upi)lied with i)rice lists of tin' lands in his re- 
 spective District, and is instructed to give l.ind seekers every 
 possible assistance in enabling them to see the lands. 
 
 Choosing' a Location. 
 
 ]N cases where they have alrevly fixed upem some locality 
 for settlement, where friends are waiting them, they 
 are shown how to proceed directly to that point. If they 
 have not decided upon such a locality, but inte id to .•<eok a 
 home somewhere further West, they will receive every 
 information to assist them at the land ottice in Winnip ig. 
 
 16 
 
The Price of Railway 
 Lands. 
 
 THEIR nearness to a railway station or market, the 
 aiiiovint of Hottlenient, the nationality of i)eople in the 
 nei^libouriiood, and the exaft character of the soil can be 
 learned at his nthcc. Errnj (piater section of the irhnle rant | 
 ari-d DiniPil /*;/ lln: Uailmni i'oiupaiwj has been ijonf owr hij j 
 iiffiritil im^pertois anil nficiiril lipoli in tlftdil. 
 
 All this information is open to the intending' settler. If 
 the land of a certiiin section is sandy, or rocky, or marshy, , 
 or alkaline, nr otlierwise imsuitablo for farming, he is told j 
 BO ; if it is t^ood land for >,'ra/,iiif,', but jioitr for farmini^, he 
 learns tli»l ; if it is thoro\ighly fertile and desirable, this will 
 be puinttid out. In short, ihe whole truth, whether it is 
 favourable or unfavourable, can be learned from the maps and 
 surveyor 8 notes shown in this othce. 
 
 Personal Inspection 
 
 MOST men, nevertheless, naturally wish to examine for 
 tlienusolves the sectioii which seems to them from 
 those reports most suitable, and this is Btron},'ly recommended 
 in every case. They are then told what is the (|uicke8t and 
 cheajti-'st way to reach it (sjincial facilities beinj,' ])rovided for 
 this purjtose), and when necessary, are furnished by the 
 Dominion (Jovernment Intelligence Officer with a guide. If 
 they are i)leased (which is usua ly the case), all the arrnnge- 
 m»ints for taking it up, or for its purchase are made at once 
 at the nearest agency, and thej can immediately take pos- 
 session. Only a very few days, therefore, need elapse 
 between the arrival of an immigrant at Winnipeg and Isis 
 settlement upon tlie land of his choice. 
 
 WHERE SHOULD I GO ? 
 
 F you want to confine your farming purely to grain grow- 
 ing, select your land in 
 
 Manitoba or Eastern 
 Assiniboia 
 
 getting as close to a railway station as possible. If for cattle, 
 horse or sheep raising, 
 
 Western Assiniboia or 
 Alberta 
 
 Mixed farming can be carried on to advantage in any^of 
 these Provinces. 
 
 10 
 
 U 
 
 H 
 
 J y 
 
vn 
 
 ^y 
 
 et, the I 
 ^ in the 
 cnii he ] 
 nle r<iHt 
 
 FREE GRANTS. 
 
 Dominion Land Regu- 
 lations. 
 
 UNDER the Ddininioii T^iikIm lloj^uluticuiH, all Survoytd 
 even nunibcrod sectionB. exceptinf^ H iiiul W, in Mani- 
 t«)ha and (ho North-Wtist Teriitorit's, whii li Imvo not been 
 h<»mo8teaded, reserved tu provide wofxl lots for wet tiers, or 
 otherwise dispot-od of or reserved, are to he h^ld exclusively 
 for homesteads. 
 
 > 
 
 HOMESTEADS. 
 
 HOMESTKADS ni-ty he ohtaincd upon payment of an 
 Office Fee of Ten Dollars, suhject t'l the followinj^ 
 conditions as to residence and cultivation : 
 
 Land, other than that ineluded in Mile lielt. Town Site 
 Reserves, and ComI and Mineral Districts, may ho home- 
 steaded in either of the three foUoving methods ; — 
 
 1. The harnesteailfr hIiuU ftfijiii uifiial rinhlnirr im his }iiimr- 
 sfcuil and cultivation of a reasonahle j)ortion tliereof within 
 six months from date of entry, uidess entry shall have been 
 made on or after the first day of September, in which «vse 
 residenof? need not conunence until the tirst day of .June 
 following, an<l continue to live upon an<l cultivate the land 
 for at least six in(mtli3 out of every twelve months for three 
 yejirs from date of homestead entry. 
 
 2. The liomvdi'ader shall hr^fin ar.hial r^nuh'ncv, as above, 
 with n a radius of two miles of his homestead, and continue 
 to make his home within such radius for at least six months 
 out of every twelve months for the three years next succeed- 
 ing the date of honu^stead entry, and shall within the first 
 year from date of entry break and prepare for crop ten acres 
 of his homestead <iuarter8ecti<m ; and shall within the second 
 year crop the said ten acres, and break and [irepare for crop 
 fifteen acres additional — making twenty-live acres ; and 
 within the third year after the date of his homestead entry 
 he shall croj) the said twenty-five acres, and break and pre- 
 pare for crop fifteen acres additional, so that within three 
 years of the date of his homestead entry, he shall have not 
 less than twenty-five acres cropped, and shall have erected 
 on the land a habitable house, in which he shall have lived 
 during the three months next preceding his application for 
 homestead patent. 
 
 3. The homrsteader shttU commence the cnltivntion of his 
 homisti-ad within six months after the date of entry, or if the 
 entry was obtained after the first day of September in any 
 year, then before the first day of June following ; shall with- 
 in the first year break and i)repare for crop not less than five 
 acres of his homestead ; shall within the seeond year crop 
 the said five acres, and break and prepare for crop not less 
 than ten acres in addition- making not less than fifteen acres 
 in all ; shall have erected a habitable house on the home- 
 stead before the expiration of the second year, and on or 
 before the commencement of the third year shall have begun 
 
 IT 
 
r 
 
 In 
 
 to reside in the wiid house. anH sliiill have continued to 
 reside therein itn" cultivate his lioniesteiid fi)r not iesH than 
 three nututlis nt lu.j .iie prior to the date i>f iiis appli- 
 ':ation for |uitent. 
 
 In till' event of ;i homesteader desirini; to weenre his i)Htent 
 witliin a Hlioitcir |K^nod tlian the three or live jear«, as tiio 
 case may he. lie will he )itainilted (<> |iureli;ise his homestead, 
 or homesteafl and nre-t.iniition, as the cjise may he, on fiiinish- 
 intf proof that he has resided on the homestead for at least 
 twelve months sul)Si'(|ueiit to dale? of ciilry, and in ca^^e entry 
 was made iifter the 2r)th day of May, 1M«.'{, has eultivated 
 thirty acres tlureof. 
 
 TIMBER. 
 
 ' A LI fiKKA Lanpidy of timher fnrhi'Use-lMiildiiii,' jnirposes 
 j _,/^ and fuel is i,'ranttMl free to settlers on payment of a 
 ' small oflice fei^ for the permit to out. 
 
 For full information as to conditions of tender, and sale 
 ■■ of tiiid)er, coal, or other mineral lands, appi> f<i the Secretary 
 ; of the J)ep;utm(!nt of the Intt'rior, Oftiwa, Ontario; the 
 i CommisHioi er of Dominn :i Lands, Winiiijie},', Manitoha, or 
 ' to any other of the Dominion Lands At^ents for ]\I:initoha or 
 the North- West Territories. 
 
 Ottawa. Canada. 
 
 A. INI. ]irR(iKSS, 
 
 Dipnty Mitdsterof Interior. 
 
 CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY 
 LAND REGULATIONS. 
 
 fl'^HE Canadian I'aciho Tlailway Company oflers ff)r .sale 
 I some of the linest ALjricuUiiral Lands in Manitoba and 
 tlio North- West. The lands helonj^infj; to the Company in 
 each Townshi|) within the Kailway holt, which extends 
 twenty-fonr miles from each side of the main line, will he 
 di.sposed of at moderate prices and on easy terms of deferred 
 payments. 
 
 Detailed Prices of Lands can be obtained from 
 ! the Land Commissioner at Winnipeg. 
 
 (Thfsc Regulations arc suhst it iitiii furariilrandltlnisc hilhfrto in force.) 
 
 Terms of Payment. 
 
 JF paid for in full at time of purchase, a Deed of Convey- 
 ance will he given ; hut, the purchaser may ])ay one- 
 tenth in cash, and the balance in payments spread over nine 
 years, with interest at six j)er cent, per annum, i>ayablo at 
 the end of the year with each instalment. 
 
 18 
 
cfintiiiued to 
 nut l«B.s than 
 
 of llJH <i])pll- 
 
 urc hJH |)Hti^nt 
 yoar.s, us I lie 
 is huint'stcail, 
 )o, on furnisli- 
 i(] f'lr ill It'HKt 
 in I'ii^e untry 
 WIS Liiitivjituil 
 
 liliiii^ jjiirposes 
 jiaynit'iit <>f n 
 
 (iider. and sale 
 
 thu Secretary 
 
 ( tntai'in ; tlie 
 
 , Manifolia, or 
 
 ir Maiiitolia or 
 
 er of Interior. 
 
 .WAY 
 IONS. 
 
 oflers for .salo 
 Manitoba and 
 le Company in 
 .\lucli extends 
 in lino, will be 
 ins of deforrofl 
 
 tained from 
 nnipeg. 
 
 hil/ifrtc in force.) 
 
 lent. 
 
 eed of Convey- 
 
 niay pay one- 
 
 ircad over nine 
 
 uni, i>ayable at 
 
 General Conditions. 
 
 AU Hitlig iiri stifijirl III tli( /(illoiriiiff <jfnir<d roniiitttm* : 
 
 1. All iniiirovi'inents placed upon land purchased to be 
 niaintaiiie<l therefin until final payment ha.s been made. 
 
 2. All t.ixes and aHHOssments lawfully imposed upon the 
 land or improvements to be paid by the purcha.ser. 
 
 .'t. The ('onipany reservt-s from sale, under the regula- 
 tions, all mineral and coal lands ; and lauds containinj.,' 
 timber in (pjantities, stone, slate ami marbh; cpuirries, lands 
 with water power thereon, and tracts for town sites and 
 railway purposes. 
 
 4. Mineral, coal and timber lands and quarries, and lands 
 conlrollint; water-power, will be disposed of on very moderate 
 terms to person? (iviiif^ satisfactory evidence of their in- 
 tention and abilit_> to utih/.e the same. 
 
 Liberal rates for settlers and their effects will be fjrantod 
 by the Coiupany over its liailway. 
 
 Southern Manitoba 
 Lands. 
 
 rPHE LAND GRANT of the MANITOBA SOUTH 
 ^ WESTERN RAILWAV COMPANlf is ad- 
 ministered by the Land Commissioner of the 
 Canadian Pacific Railway, under the same Land 
 Regulations as are printed above. It consists of 
 over 1,000,000 acres of the choicest land in 
 America, well adapted for (Train growing and 
 mixed farming, in a belt 21 miles wide, immediately 
 north of the International Boundary, and from 
 range 13 westward. 
 
 } 
 
 Thriving Towns. 
 
 'T'HE Company offers for sale at its Land Office 
 -^ in Winnipeg, most desirable Town Lots in the 
 various thriving towns and villages along the 
 main line East of Brandon, and along all branch 
 line3 in Manitoba. 
 
 The terms of payment for these lots are :— One- 
 third cash, balance in six and twelve months. If 
 paid for in full at time of purchase, a discount ot 
 ten per cent, will be allowed. 
 
 The terms of purchase of the Manitoba South- 
 western Lands are the same as those of the 
 Canadian Pacific Railway Company. For further 
 imrticulars apply to 
 
 L. A. HAMILTON, 
 
 Land Oomznlsiioxifir, 0. P. Ey. Co., Winnipeg. 
 
 19 
 
1 THREE YEARS' WORK ! 
 
 A STEIEIira ILLUSTHATZON 
 
 OK 
 
 ONE MAN'S SUCCESS 
 
 
 
 
 a; 
 
 X 
 
 m 
 
 b 
 
 — IN- 
 
 FERTILE MANITOBA 
 
 I 
 
- . i 
 
 [ON 
 
 ss 
 
 6 
 
 X 
 
 i - 
 
 X 
 
 DBA 
 
 M IXED FARMING ! 
 
 Cattle, Horses | Grain. 
 
 /■i 
 
 1 ' 
 
 \\^':- 
 
 : 1r 
 
 
 r !■<■■' 
 ■\if.'- 
 
 
 ?r ■' \,'•V 
 
 
 ■y-v 
 
 ;r. ir 
 
 ;;:"••.• 
 
 
 > 
 
 n 
 o 
 
 (/} 
 
 w 
 
 £-• 
 
 
 The District Newly 
 Opened by Rail. 
 
 21 
 
THE BEST LAND 
 
 IIT THE WC RLD 
 
 
 •J 
 > 
 
 pq 
 
 W 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 < 
 CO 
 
 pq 
 
 Eh 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 p 
 
 pq 
 
 « 
 
 pq 
 
 <1 
 pq 
 
 n 
 
 Co 
 
 -FOK- 
 
 GRAIN GROWING 
 
 j AND 
 
 ! 
 
 MIXED FARMING. 
 
 22 
 
 , f. 
 i J. 
 
D 
 
 THE 
 
 < 
 
 > 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 P 
 Pq 
 
 « 
 
 1X4 
 
 Canadian facificl\ailway 
 
 — IM — 
 
 THE ONLY RAIL ROUTE TO THE FERTILE FARM 
 LANDS AND THE BHUAD PASTURES OF 
 
 Manitoba, 
 The North-West Ter ritoriea, 
 
 AND THK 
 
 MlNlNr,,LlMHi:i{[N(;,ANI)rARMINCJ H K(;inNi-;()F 
 
 jbntian Uoiuinbia, 
 
 I 
 
 AND IH ALHO 
 
 The best route to WASHINGTON TERRITORY and Points 
 on Piigt't Sound and the Pacific Coast. 
 
 MO GUSTUMa TROUBLES' NO TRANSFERS! 
 
 PASSKN'CKRS from Kur(>|if, HdiiiespfkfrM, TonrintM i>.n<l SixtrtH 
 iiiHii. Itfavf thi- Trillin /\tlimtic StfimifrH at I^iihIkjc, in Sniniricr, ami 
 lit litlicr llalifikv, Niiva.S<utiiv,Mr l'<i<-tl!iii<), ^I^■., ucconlin^; t(i circMii- 
 Ht.iiicfM, iliirinx tin- winter moiitliH. At citliHr of tlif»m imrtH thf-y 
 will lit" met, liy an Ajfnt n{ tli<- ' 'oiiipaiiy, who will take v.\mrff>' nf 
 thfiii, si-e at'tci ItitiftfaK"', and furtiiMh all nt'fdfiil intdrTnatinn con- 
 ccrnirif,' tlu' lomricy. 
 
 N' > llAlJjWAV in Aiiifrica offersi ho many acoonirnmlatidnH to 
 SKCriNJi CLASS, or CoIiit.MST raNt«-nffcr« at so little <"X|.fnH(' 
 an .li»M th.' CAN'AIHAN I'ACll'IC. Coloni-^tH are able to travel 
 t.i NKW HnMKS in MAMTOl'.A. the NOi ITU WEST, or 
 15K1TIS1I COLUMBIA, with nearly an (freat comfort sm KifHt 
 T'laHM I'aH.Mcnfjenj, 
 
 j v^uiunist Sleeping Cars. 
 
 TJFK CARS devoteil to tlie ii»e of ColoniHtH are taken upon the 
 Kanie fast trains with the first class cars, ami every one is a sleeping 
 <'ar, KoiriK ihrouKh WITHOUT ('}IAN(;K to the PACIFIC 
 (XJKAN. TlieHf cars are similar in si/.e, warmth and ventilation to 
 the first class cars, tmt are not npholster"d. The seats are arrancr*'d 
 in jiairs fM-intr one another on ea<'h side of the car, are of coinfortable 
 shai*', and so made that they can he joined into a berth ready for the 
 f»|ireadinK of i mattress and be(i clothes. Kvery passenger has a 
 Rinxle berth and a ticket in furnished for it K.\ A^TFjY the SAMK 
 as in Fl RST CLASS SLKKI'KK. ( )ver each pair of seats a broad 
 nppt r berth, iiin)<ed against the wall of the ear, can be let ilo\\ n and 
 
 form an additional sleeping place. No extra charge is made 
 for those Sleepini? Accommodations ; tney are a 
 
 part of the rotfular car. Second I'lass I'assengers, however, 
 must providi' their own bedding. If they do not bring it with them, 
 a complete out lit of mattresst-H, pillow, lAanket and curtains may Im 
 ' bought of tfie Agent of the Company at the jsiint of starting at a 
 coHt of ?2.5(). (These articles tiecomethe property of the piirchasttr.) 
 The curtains may be hung around the berth, turning it into a little 
 prrvate room. SMOKINlJ IS NOT rEKMITTED in any i)art of 
 this car, a regular smoking-car tonning part of every train. 
 
 I FOR FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO 
 
 l». MrKK'OliL, (toiurul Passenger AKciit, Muntrt^al. 
 W. K. I'AHAWAW, liistrict l'asHeii«fr Aifciit, Toronto. 
 
 W W. VAM, UiBtrjii I'asHcntfer A){enl. Moritrciil. 
 
 KOBEKT KKKK, (icncral (''reiubt ami I'aiiHeiiKiir Ai{ent, Winnipeg, 
 it'. K. IflrFHKRMttM, Asst. (lA. I'luw. A^t., Atlantic Dtv., etc. , lioston, 
 MasH, ; iuhI St. John, N.H. 
 
 t'. MHKKHV, Uistrict I'assengsr Agent, 11 Tort St. Went, Detroit. 
 
 K. V. !*lil.\SiER, Oeneral K»Hterii A^ent, ;iri3 llroadway. Now York, 
 t J. r. liKK, District Krt. imd I'ass. Agt., iiJ S. t'lurk St , (,'liicago, 111. 
 
 L. A. HA.WIliTOK, band Conimiimioiiur, Winnipeg. 
 
 Mj. Q- AKN>iTKONCi, Colonization Agent, C.I'.H., Montreal. 
 
 23 
 
100 
 
 ■■ff 
 
 K] 
 
 N' 
 
 Wl 
 
 rfW^ 
 
 lU 
 
 MA 
 
 OF 
 
 WESTERN 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 PART OF Mt 
 
 AND 
 
 Alberta, Assiniboia and 
 
 Shewing System of La 
 and the Lines of 
 
 CANADIAN PAGIFI 
 COMPAM 
 
 'M 
 
 WM^^I 
 
 31 
 
 14 ISU? 
 
 '^B 1 
 
 6 K 
 
 
 214 
 
 loutr 
 
 [at 
 
 m 
 
 ,t/fO!W»»l 
 
t7 
 
 90 
 
 MAP 
 
 OF 
 
 rERN cniinDR 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 OF MANITOBA 
 
 59 
 
 AND 
 
 isiniboia and Saskatchewan 
 
 Shewing System of Land Survey 
 and the Lines of the 
 
 IDIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY 
 CCMPANY 
 
 38: 
 
 31 
 
 ^ 
 
 ) H,f^( 
 
 Q 
 
 0:1^: 
 
 6lT 
 
 '^B T 
 
 30j 
 29' 
 
 4,8 
 
 ^s^ 
 
 ail 
 
 
 23 
 221 
 
 \u] 
 
 ^^ 
 
 i.\V 
 
 Jim« 
 
 181 
 \1X 
 
'I^lt^H 
 
 
 SARVESTZNO lUr THE OAHADXAK NORTB-VSST. /. > 
 
 PACIFIC TIME 
 
:;;«••.!. ■■"iii 
 
 :«ik««- 
 
 
 iT. A 
 
 THE CANADIAN 
 
 TRAVERSIN< 
 
 GREAT FER 
 
 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, APPLY TO 
 
 ROBERT KERR. Qtntnl Frtlffht and Ptmnffer AgwX, mxnSfUZQ 
 W. R. OALLAWAY, Dlftriot PMM&ffor Affont, TOBOVTO 
 
 L. A. HAMILTON, Lftnd aoamlMloaet, WIZTKXPZa 
 
 OP 
 
 CAN 
 
 .T' 
 
 I ME 
 
tm 
 
 AGIFIC RAIL 
 
 ING THE 
 
 TILE 
 
 FOR FURTHER INFORMAl 
 
 ADA 
 
 D. MCNICOLL, Qeneral PMsengror Agrl 
 W. F. EGG, Slitrlet Ftiienger Agent, { 
 L. O. ARMSTRONG, OolonJzatfos 
 
CAIA 
 
 
 hn 
 
 Velf 
 
 >i^%:«ls 
 
 J'6T 
 
 . Pin brcu (° 
 
 NevStock\olr% 
 
 
 'nnpel, 
 
 dliedp: 
 
 dp 2th 
 
 AILWAY 
 
 £^^" 
 
 CLT 
 
 URTHEB INFORMATION, APPiy TO 
 
 feneral Fusflnm Agreat, MONTREAL 
 
 lot Faiienflrer A^nt, MOITTMIAL 
 
 >NQ, OeleaJaatfon Aj-eat, O.P.R., MMTTaiAL 
 
 
 ■;/^ 
 
 ..iV ' ' - ' ", H 
 
 TERN 
 
wi 
 
 ••:^ 
 
 H 
 
 Mm 
 
 Onwoid 
 
 
 ids' 
 
 
 
 \un 
 
 (Mil 
 
 yfhecmiJiSi^aT^^ 
 
 L^ 
 
 ivv: 
 
 1^ 
 
 'n. p. 4M.I'-B. 
 
 ion; 
 
 1 ^,15^ 
 
 Jcrc 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 ^"^^jfc^r*j 
 
 ^^^|"n^S 
 
 y^r^^^ 
 
 2^ 
 
 V)2i}^^^&\ 
 
 -K 
 
 out^*^ 
 
 ^r!r^^^¥l^>Tv^^: 
 
 OT 
 
 -^•^ 
 
 o><^!: 
 
 aiwi 
 
 l5^ 
 
 i)uiv 
 itali 
 
 1 Bp rland LitliOM C o, 
 
 Am^ 
 
 Winnipeg, 
 
 1st. Jan. 1890. 
 
 (y><(^J\lctcociyC{^\ 
 
 
 Land CommUnom 
 
 101 
 
 100 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 ••^ 
 
 ••••r... 
 
 
 ?^ni. 
 
 ^^'^^4 
 
 :;;^#!*>^ 
 
 '^,, 
 
 ■' )">%, 
 
 •Wft^r' 
 
 
 III, I II •• ' • - •** I ' * - -^f ■ 
 
 EiaSLAlTD CATTLE Z£T THE CAITADIAIT 
 
 //.irilr f 
 

 lot 
 
 
 Lrt\ 
 
 uc 
 
 • !§•• 
 
 
 Land Commisnoner^ 
 
 99 
 
 
 50 
 
 49 
 
 98 
 
 97 
 
 -v^ 
 
 
 
 CAITABZAN ITOBTH-WEST. 
 
 llnmill n 
 
 "TT 
 
 Siiniiiii'ltj 
 
 .'.A^ 
 
^7^'\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 /^^ 
 
 .i;;^4Aii 
 
 1^1 
 
 liiiii 
 
 null 
 
 ^v.^^';- 
 
 BARVESTINO IN YBE CANADIAN NORTB-WEST. 4 
 
 '/Yr«« £. 
 
 P A C I F I C T I ME 
 
 -^ 
 
 110° MOUNT/-. 
 
 ■Cli 
 
 L.Talchrlkln ni» 
 
 -Thracla H, '- 
 
 .fcwMe, 
 
 JfucAfnieu 
 X. 
 
 fjcuptr li. 
 *"^ '•'?^ME y". A Ii 
 
 r FMmonloa 
 
 ^SJ'a 
 
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 110° M 
 
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 BratJJi^ 
 
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 Buokf Moun 
 House 
 
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 Red 
 
 I Red Deer 
 
 ManUouli 
 
 
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 CMtco I. 
 
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 f^Sounding L. 
 
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 <i£;''*»'v''»rf ^ 
 
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 ^y^MuviWer \ are'arminglon 
 
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 Benton 
 
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 t(umKcj^ 
 
 r'^^o /^Grent Falls 
 
 r'lih cr (ii-f V Sand t»«l<» 
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 flJ/r<'rftig{ X 
 
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 kilHt. 
 
 IRlil'ilii 
 
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 Idirc 
 
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 iFrmnlom 
 
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 iyirglnlj/city,, •/ 
 
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 Rllcj 
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 „ . , 1 / , ai)nng ititrrv-HSKKr^^tuSit 1 t.^^ ^ ■,-,■,•, 
 
 «^^'»" loardon/Valler/^ \-> \ o P S.'*K!"-''5l'^!i« /'ii^''*' 
 
 V.lnV' »«^"«iS^ ..Atlanta V*, \ -V£* J^ . M kjaokiotuY^' "■ 
 
 Dr.w«.yJ^^^{r ,,M1 ",,,^„(^, V' v.. ^\ Market Lak,!^ *»« ..«V 
 
 N 
 
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 -'Crescent 
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 '^Vppff Klamath 
 '\ Lake Lslicriew ^arnerf 
 
 tJMnkvlllc f, i(fi_ 
 
 •ummer Lake "'■'''"{ ^- I 1 ° 
 
 e Albert 
 ChtWauc^ll' ° Alvord 
 
 ^*.^r*' 
 
 X' 1^-.^ • V Market L»k«' 
 .. Hnlleir a.'/ ^ /!> 
 
 V Halley 
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 vMc Caminon ^ 
 
 J v«4 \ /3' 
 
 fr«monf;/'*W'»^5''«l<i'' »» 
 
 w/ -Y ■■'^0y "^ 
 
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 LVy' KtnaMilN 
 
 1lnriil>rook 
 
 ^I'llIgl^WtHMl 
 
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 r^V. ("° TKTiA„,\ ()xr,.rdb'"'''m,W'i'Pl'<'r (» - W«-**«yi 
 
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 AUurafi 
 
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 licli 
 
 ■ ■-- I . Kagi.)iiii! « 
 
 ^.Shasta (^ ) ^ S^^C^■»00^^^^^ 
 
 >«r£. 
 
 
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 fParadlso Vallevl"* ocrilimihla ' T' / feTlVi'''-"!";'"""'':*- { 
 
 rol.i.g^n 
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 ,ce» 
 
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 ora y — • 
 
 <« 
 
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 Trulto 
 
 .VlllilllllS 
 
 feKutliHeyj 
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 Tumarora 
 
 *4r N 1 A* 
 
 ., •' .*I%t„ /»it- ^"aoairortn jj >>Kurc1i» 
 
 rt>-3llalli'ck 
 ,,:^lko 
 
 aradlae 
 
 D j A 
 
 inuby I.. 
 
 Alpha 
 Cherry Crevk/ 
 
 JounoJfGRLk-yf -f(^ 
 
 I ;.:.. OurBeld I 
 
 SAN FRAN( 
 
 >akia^ 
 
 LCKAMEI«X< 
 
 v_^'M'lwmilt! 
 
 .<j lono ^'^fe^ 
 
 ^V.lIoySpH!*,^ 
 
 /glnla City 
 
 BON or. 
 
 llawlhornr 
 
 'Auttln 
 
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 Bettnoii^ 
 
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 I^LTXAK.KCITY 
 
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 i't, .' Trenton V ''*"/''""KSpi.|.„. „„, v,i/l,T 1 .^- U 
 fludlan Village „ I. /NeplO^J 1^''^''"' ^ ■/!'•>'-•> : 
 
 ^ ( I,«aml«glon/VlV I * '^I rloo I •- j 
 
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 jKitiUflvltJ 
 
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 Frill 
 
 V Mouirugi 
 

 -WEST. 4 
 
 ROBERT KERR, aener&l Frelfflit ana Fasstxiffer Affoat 
 W. R< OALLAWAY, Dlstriot Pftuensrer Agent, TOZlOlJrTO 
 L. A. HAMILTON, LuiA OommlMionex, WZZQjriFSa 
 
 no'' MOUNTAIN 
 
 TIME 
 
 ""• "1 
 
 JM DUrL. 
 
 >n B. 
 
 
 CENTRAL TIME 
 
 [hjfkUta / ^4»^ 
 
 5/ lfo^*I'^i2jJiiraNa«t^„,.,/y„A,,,„„.„,,^,.^^^^ 
 
 ('i^S^ 
 
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 E 
 
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 Soiranajta^ #• \ > 
 
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 \ To»%;end 
 
 
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 ,. ^/ 
 
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 l>!llo f. i1(/ai>t(u Pft, '5| ,-/!$ .TTL6«'V>"f*^': 
 
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 m^i»JT A K 0~ 
 
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 Si\;>^F>i<i^ 
 
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 ^"^'^^•' - -^^ ->- ■^''•'*"''^A,:r$^ Jb^yP^!^:---^ '=5'"'^^^ 
 
 
 Norway 
 
 --*^v^-'^ 
 
 'i{ '(f0i i% 
 
 . Cro««e^ HJ'^m 
 
 ("S, Klr.ivX 
 
 puriaKi'^ry ;;^ 
 
 ^S.oux C.«y Kor. i..„u,. \ Y,_ yr. Dubuquo^ X*..... .£,>. 
 
 y / ^v^*^ ^/l \ ~^Bir Council Blufft / \ \i_ 7 
 
 ^"^■'■^'S!^ 
 
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 ». l'\a»l« 1 \ t.O/^ 
 
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 i{L.'i .\. 
 
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 /Blurllug 
 
 Dcsburg 
 
 jp-o -^ 
 
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 Seward [ 
 
 ^ 
 
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 venport si 
 
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 ,»o 
 
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DA 
 
 D. MCNICr^LL, aeaenl Fasse&^or Afeat, ICC 
 W. F. EGG, Siitrlot Ftiienffer Asrent, 2C0NT] 
 L. O. ARMSTRONG, Oolo&lutfon Apent, C 
 
 ao" 
 
 m^ Gloiret>,l«r ' 
 
 
 .x4 
 
 
 
 
 [^ L.AniTTTm 
 
 [ijataMtkamt t. 
 
 **»«"^'«» ^ ij0mmmmm 
 
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 uDtsville 
 acebrldge 
 
 ;(lravenhurst 
 
 Cm 
 
 
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 UaVavlllr 
 
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 \ ^~~Nfl°^ -^'^ — M ' 
 
 ^ 'jjtjjlj^j'arinrsburg " 
 
 IHQ 
 
 80» 
 
 ± 
 
ral FM8e&8:er Aflre&t, MONTREAL 
 Ptiienffer Agrent, ICOXTTRSAL 
 i, Colonization Apent, O.P.E., MOXTTBSAL 
 
 
 ^'^ "i^'^N^r 
 
 nzasL. 
 
 EASTERN 
 
 T I M^ 
 
 '..AlilTTTnT 
 
 Labfrinth 
 
 Agotauiikam{ L, 
 
 VV 
 
 
 *W~-,iR. Robcrvalf si. "*•" 
 
 Sounr. 0/ 
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 iSouret •/ 0(la«ta j 
 
 rbmnifitioi.iri // 
 
 ^ChftmborU 
 
 ^pf-'E' n 
 
 Murray Dty/^ 
 
 ffraiid /„ 
 
 J I ''•<>'* iJ A VStrnpl L. G/t ) *, #0, •♦ \, Si Paul /«<»' 
 
 .v »\- ,w> «P <*t J jW 
 
 <.*/ vf 
 
 
 
 k?<3i. A^-^^aWjiaifS-^ 
 
 ^^'^ 
 
 r>"" ,|south River -• ^^sgyfeSK'^. ..o^v^. va^'C.'v) fr^ v i.^ 
 
 
 
 ™™*'' i?>/*K *//, Safari 
 
 rSutlon 
 
 '*:t&-:!»H.^ 
 
 
 
 ' Little 
 
 
 LaciiqlafnkawHMuMvpm 
 \|BldilVfci^flir\ 
 
 P" North C;^^^'S1K^*^'' JSKLk^ 
 
 
 wr 
 
 ^^Wg-.Cy' ' ALL8N «'"r s ;;1,--^yracii\Hc I ^S^_^ 
 
 ^ X<irr> \ n ^y^ art 
 
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 Saratoga^ 
 *" Sjirs, 
 
 >'l 
 
 fKdn 
 
 [■Triij/ 
 
 /Qrr-('iiilclili 
 
 I 
 
 lyglni y City 
 
 Whoelina ^^. 
 
 Allflitown^v.^ 
 
 Bi'l"lililiiui \ ""^St 
 \Riadiu|i "^ 
 
 I.aiicaaW'r^ 
 
 jj^'Tuon^- ^j ';>^^,'>Jiz::;i;^J 
 
 ^l'>liidv'ille 
 
 ^\ Cilmlx'rr 
 
 (!ra^llll^;;v^, •*- — 
 
 *\ i* 
 
 /;■ JPhlllpplf 
 
 Dav 
 
 80" 
 
 ADELPi 
 
 pi?,''«:nr?uch 
 
 Mldi'fParK 
 
 

 S 
 
 -^^ 
 
 IIIV 
 
 ^ 
 
 IBLAITD aATTLS IN THE CANADIAIT NO] 
 
 70° 
 
 AND ITS C 
 
 (MBROA.TOI 
 
 71 
 
. ■■^ 'vi'i 
 
 I'- 
 
 '^ 
 
 \y i 
 
 'A' 
 
 .ir-<^-^ ,,'■ ' .-T— 
 
 [airii' I"-"'' ("<• ('*• f^ y 
 
 .irADZA17 NOBTS-WEST. 
 
 M 
 
 
 A^ 
 
 AP OF THE 
 
 AND ITS CONNECTIONS, 
 
 (MBDROATOR PRQIKOTION.) 
 
 M 
 
 -^- 
 
DOMIKION LIKE 
 
 ROYAL MAIL STEAM&RS 
 
 To Canada and Qiuted States. 
 
 
 SAlUXli KKOM LIVERPOOL 
 
 
 To QUEBEC AND MONTREAL (in Summer). 
 
 
 To HALIFAX AND PORTLAND (in Wirter . 
 
 t'l'huM' sieuiiicrs u. L' HiiioiwNt thr' lurKOst miil fi-i e-t nfloHt, ui.d ar ' ui'll 
 nd tu\oura>ly known fnr tlie ciiiufurt au'l «xc«illeut Brruug<!ui«.uU t'jey 
 fford tor all claBieg of I'MsBi'ii^rerB. 
 
 The '-VAlTOOUVia," "LABRADOa," '•Oai&uK," wav'SARrU. havt 
 Silconi anA SUMroomi amidtUps wbert leait motion U ftit. 
 
 Tha SlOOfS CA3IH (.In.ermedlatt) accoiiiniodatiiin is Kppctally romfi>rt- 
 lab'e, a liheral and variid biil ot Fare, and everjrtliiug neuewary for tUa 
 fVoyngts h-ine provided. 
 
 STIS&A9I PASSIVSERS will find their cumfort ni d onveiiienca 
 JRVO'Mll.T Hludied, liie nlei y ii^ rumiiH c<)iitHiiiin« a liiuittd nntnlje ' in eocii, 
 fceiiiu well lighted. li<'»tcd n d tlinr iiiuli y vxiitil ted. Aiuiliiind >iitsnppl« < f 
 iProvTHiiinMi>fthebe8tqiiHlit>,cool[i d iijiigHrveilu)M y il eCoiiipaii>'barrTHDts. 
 
 : Eurgeon, StcwaiAeiiei and Steerage Matron on each :.team«'. 
 
 'through bookings JuPsPKCIAL KATK8 TO ALL POINTS 1« 
 CANADA AND UNITED KTATJiS. 
 
 «^Fr'e Grants of Land (160 acres) wllh Bonns to Passengers. 
 
 The C.iiiHdim UoTniunifiit gr«i)t 160 Acna nf Land free or' rout, anu pHy 
 • BdtjiiB of t'^fteen DolUrs (1:8 1h. 8d ) t<> even hettlcr who inkrg up the lund 
 |within fiix iii'>nth8 froin dute of miiliug. in Ma- itolia. North W kt Provinces, 
 ior British Columbia, hIiio piiy Seven l>ollHisaiid Fifty Cen a JCl lUH.lOd Ito 
 CRcb q^m''«r of fmiiily over 12 yra 1 ' f nw. 
 
 BiiiMle Men. 18 years of Hge or over, titkiiig up land are also autiilcd t« 
 ICO Acres free, and a Bonus ot Kifteeu Dollars i'8 e 8d.| 
 
 ^^ C>CEAN"''FARE8r^" 
 
 SALOON, SECOND CABIN AND STEERAGE 
 AT LOWEST RATES. 
 
 For fuitUar particolari apply to 
 
 HICKIE BORMAN & CO.. 
 
 22 Billiter Street, LONDON.