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, .1,, ■ . ■wupwppwa^HV

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Delivered June 6th, 1884,

At THE UNVEILING OF A

t to tie Meirj of Prof. C. F. Bartt, A. I

AT ACADIA COLLEGE, N. S.

SILAS ALWARD, A. M., D. C. L. 'fi.

PUBLISHED BY REQUEST.

ST. JOHN, N. B. :

OIO. A. KMODKLL, FRINTKB, KSaWOB. 8T&UT.
1884.

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-A.2sr O IR JL.1! X <D 1ST ,

Delivered June 5th, 1884:,

AT THE UNVEILING OF A

TalM to tlic IcBioi'f of Prof. C. F. iartt, i. I

AT ACADIA COLLEGE, N. S.

SILAS AL.WARD, A. M., D. C. L.

PUBLISHED BY REQUEST.

ST. JOHN, N. B. :

OKO. A. KNOUELL, PKIXTER, CHURCH STREET.
1884.

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ORATION

AT THE

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen :

Twenty-four years ago this month Charles Frederick Hartt
graduated Bachelor of Arts at this University. He was then quite
unknown to the great outside world. Beyond a small coterie of
friends and his College associates, who knew his mental calibre and
had learned to appreciate his worth, his name was unheard. Six
years ago, the eighteenth of last March, he fell a martyr to Science,
in the Capital of a great Empire, honored and personally esteemed
by its enlightened Ruler, better known than almost any other man
in that vast country, and his death mourned as a public loss, so
distinguished had been his services in the domain of science, by the
most advanced thinkers of two continents. And what a splendid
record does his too short, yet eventful, career present ! Through
all these years, ever " wearing tb" white flower of a blameless life",
we see a lofty ambition subordinated to the noblest purposes.

A brief sketch of his post graduate career would very naturally
be expected on this occasion. After leaving College he assisted his
father as teacher in the Saint John Ladies' High School. During
this period it was my privilege to enjoy much of his society. Being
his almost constant companion I gradually learned to appreciate at
its full value his real worth, as I marked his manly aspirations, his
unflagging industry, his sterling integrity, his indomitable pluck

\ b n ^ ?.

ORATION TO THE MEMORY OF

and pure, unselfish life. No one, whom I have met, seemed to
grasp more firmly the sublime truth :

" That men may rise on stepping stones
•' Of their dead selves to higher things."

Impelled by a force of will, as deterniined as it was unpausing,
to prosecute his favorite studies, he felt keenly his straitened cir-
cumstances and often contrasted his position with that of others
apparently more happily situated. Yet with a singleness of aim
that knew no wavering he abated no " jot of heart or hope ; but still
bore up, and steered right onward." His was a purpose, —

•' To grasp the skirts of happy chance,
"And breast the blows of circumstance,
" And grapple with his evil star,"

In 1862 he entered as a special student the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, at Harvard Ifniversity, under the immediate in-
struction of the world-renowned naturalist Agassiz. The effect
produced by such an instructor upon the impressible mind of so
ardent a scholar can readily be understood. The progress he made
in natural Science was most marked. In addition to his favorite
studies of Geology and Paleontology he devoted much attention to
Zoology. Here he remained three years, with the exception of a
part oi' 1864, when employed on the staff engaged in making a
Geological survey of New Brunswick, his native Province.

In 1865 Professor Agassiz set out on the famous "Thayer"
expedition to Brazil. Although its primary object was an investi-
gation of the fisheries of that country, yet a study of its Geology
formed a part of the plan contemplated. He was accompanied by
a corps of able assistants, among whom was enrolled his favorite
student. Prof. Hartt, in the special capacity of Geologist. On the
voyage out the great naturalist, although in delicate health, deliv-
ered a series of lectures to his assistants on the promising field of

^x^^^m^^-:

•

PROF. C. F. HARTT, A. M.

d to

scientific enquiry and research Brazil afforded.

During this expe-

\ ^ ..J.V

dition the subject of our portraiture explored the south-east coast
of Brazil for nearly a thousand miles, from Rio de Janeiro to Bahia
or San Salvador, ascending at various points far inland up the rivers
which seam the slopes of the lofty table lands that dip toward the
sea. In 1867 he set out on an independent expedition to this in-
teresting country, aided by private subscription, and examined tlie
coast reefs and the Geological formations around Bahia and to the
north as far as Pernambuca The results of these two trips to
Brazil were published, in 1870, in a work of over six hundred pages,
entitled " The Geology and Physical Geography of Brazil," Prior
to these Brazilian explorations scarcely anything was known of the
Geology of that country. It presented a field for investigation most
attractive to the naturalist, and those who knew the ardent temper-
ament of Prof Hartt can appreciate the zeal with which he prose-
cuted his researches. His contributions to science proved to be
most valuable. He showed there were two distinct kinds of reefs
on the Brazilian coast, the Sandstone and Coral, and told in that
terse, yet clear and attractive style, characteristic of all he penned,
how each was formed. He found in one of the southern Provinces
a large extent of marine cretaceous rocks filled with Fossil shells.

After his return ia 1867 he spent some time in lecturing, at
the Cooper Institute, Pelham Priory, and other places in and near
New York City, on the Geological explorations made in that coun-
try. In 1868 he was chosen Professor of Natural History in Vassar
College, at Poughkeepsie. He soon after resigned this position to
accept the Professorship of Geology in Cornell University. In
1869 the Hon. E. B. Morgan, of Aurora, New York, fitted out at
his own expense an expedition to Brazil, having as its sole object
Geological investigation. The staff consisted of Prof. Hartt, Prof.

ORATION TO THE MEMORY OF

Prentice and eleven students of Cornell University. He likewise
accompanied the second Morjjan expedition to that country in 1871.
During these two last visits he did more than any living man had
ever done to bring the Amazonian valley under the notice of the
scientific world. Hitherto, so fur as its geology was concerned, it
was a terra incognita. His revelations were of the most interesting
and startling kind. He discovered extensive Carboniferous deposits
together with large quantities of Devonian and more recent fossilif-
erous remains. He was also able to refute the theory of a vast
Amazonian glacier. This he did in opposition to the view of his
former instructor and patron, Agassi z. That great man, without
adequate research and by a luo hasty generalization, extended the
ice-sheet of the glacial epoch over the whole valley of the Amazon.
Prof. Hartt demonstrated that, though glaciers may have occurred on
the coast near Kio, no traces of them exist even so far north as Bahia.
This settling forever of the (piestion concerning ancient glacial ac-
tion, at the equator, of itself was sufficient to establish the reputa-
tion of any explorer. These four Brazilian expeditions, coupled
with the careful, minute and scientific manner in which they had
been conducted, rendered Prof. Hartt the best qualified of any liv-
ing Geologist, and doubtless led to his selection by the Emperor
Dom Pedro, to enter upon one of the grandest tasks ever committed
to a man of science, — to make a Geological survey of an Empire with
an area of 3,288,000 square miles, abounding in rich and varied re-
sources and presenting to the eye of the Geologist an almost virgin
soil. In May, 1875, he received his instructions from the Emperor
as chief of the Imperial Geological Commission, and shortly after
set out on his great life work, first making a short visit to England,
where he met many of the leading Scientists of that country.
Seven years were given him to complete this great undertaking.

PnOF. C. F. HARTT, A. M.

)eror
ifter

[and,
itry.
:ing.

His salary was fixed at ten thousand dollars per year. To this en-
nobling task he l)rought the resources of a wonderful energy an<l a
ripened experience. For nearly three years he prosecuted his work
with such zeal, al)ility and enlightened research as to elicit the warm-
estencomiums of the most eminent geologists of tlie day. The amount
of work compressed in this short period of his life almost pjisses
l)elief. It was then he laid the ground-work of the noble structure
he hoped, but was not spared, to rear. The " thews of Anakim, the
pulses of a Titan's heart," nuist have felt such a strain. Naturally
of a weak constitution, his great A power at length gave way, and
being no longer able to ward off the insidious approaciies of disease,
he fell an easy prey to yellow fever, and after an illness of three days
gently passed away. Stricken down thus early in life, when every-
thing betokened a future full of hope and bright with the promise
of obtaining the highest distinction, his case seems more than or-
dinarily sad. He had reached an eminence whence he could see
the kingdom of his most daring aspirations spread out before him,and
from its commanding height he had been permitted to catch a view
of the promised land, and yet was destined not to enter. He had
just commenced to publish his reports when his work was stayed
1./ the hand of death. Sometimes we feel inclined to murmur at
the will of Heaven and ask, " why is it the V.vi\ are often si)ared to
Work their deeds of darkness and shame and the Good snatched
suddenly away in the mid-career of their usefulness " ? But still
it must all be for the best.

•'Oh yet we trust that somehow gootl
" Will be the final goal of ill."

Amid life's changes and strange inscrutable vicissitudes, we yet
believe — "That nothing walks with aimless feet."

What Prof. Hartt's reports would have been we can form some
estimate by his published works, " The Geology and Physical Ge-

■k-y'

liiPaiii

ORATION TO THE MEMORY OF

I! I

ograpliy of Brazil"; " Br.azilian Antiquities"; "The Mythology of
Brazilian Indiana ', and numberless articles in Scientific Journals.
These sta'.np him as a man of unwearied application and great ca-
pacity. On one of the principle streets of llio, with its population
of nearly three hundred thousand, stands the Museum of the Com-
mission, the product of his geni. and toil, replete with a rich and
varied collection of Fossils, Antiquities, rock and reef specimens,
Corals, and Photographic views of objects and places of interest,
from almost every province of Brazil. Wiiat fitter or grander mon-
ument could be reared to his memory? What memorial could shed
a brighter lustre on ' ^'s name? This will perpetuate his fame,
when sculptured marble shall cease to preserve its record and loftier
monuments are levelled with the dust.

The following is but an imperfect summary of his contribu-
tions to scientific discovery. On coming to Saint John he entered
zealously into the (leological Exploration of the neighbourliood, par-
ticularly that portion where fossil plants had been discovered.
His work at the fern ledges near Carleton is well known. His first
collections from these ledges were studied and named by Dr. Daw-
son, but the later ones he determined himself. He also at this time
visited Grand Lake and collected fossil plants of the coal measures
of that locality. One of these, Falaopteris Harttii, a Fossil tree fern,
was named by Dr. Dawson for him. Of the Devonian plants col-
lected by Prof. Hartt, at the fern ledges, and determined by Dr.
Dawson, a fern, SphinopUris Harttii, was also named in his honor.
He also furnished the first positive evidence of the existence of
primordial strata in New Brunswick.

After Prof. Hartt had entered upon his studies at Cambridge, he
visited the Basin of Minas and made a large collection of Jossils
from the lower Carboniferous mountain limestone. Two of these

! ■

PROF. C. F. HARTT, A. M.

par-
vered.
is first
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ice of

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'ossils

these

fossils were dedicated to him, viz. : Edmondia Haritii, a fossil shell
resembling a clam, and, Gyroccras Harttii, a lohed spiral shell
something like a Nautilus. In 1864 he obtained proof of the Pre-
Carboniferous age of the gold of Nova Scotia. Prof. C. D. Walcott
of the United States Geological survey is now engaged on a revi-
sion of the type collection of the Cambrian Fossils of Saint John
left by Prof. Hartt at Cornell University. It is his intention to
name a new type of Gasteropod, which he has discovered in this
collection, Harttia, in honor of Prof. Hartt. He, as already stated,
disproved Agassiz's hypothesis of the glacial origin of the Amazon
valley. This bold stand in opposition to one so eminent, fortified
by evidence the most indisputable, won for him great distinction and
placed him in the front rank of the most distinguished Geologists
of the day,

A sketch that would do full justice to this noted son of Acadia
would far transcend the limits prescribed to the discharge of this
solemn task. All I can do is to touch the salient points of his life-
work and briefly indicate a few of his individual characteristics.

His great versatility was the surprise of all with whom he
came into contact. He was an accomplished linguist ; had a fine
taste for Music ; could draw, sketch, and was a standing authority
on the quaint lore and legendary tales of different countries. At
the time of his death he could read with ease ten or more languages,
and could speak fluently five modern ones. On one occasion he
lectured at Kio before the Emperor, his Court and the elite of the
City, in Portuguese. One present remarked, he spoke with greater
apparent facility tlian he had ever heard him in his own vernacular.
But it was in the realms of Science where he exhibited his extra-
ordinary powers to the greatest advantage. The readmess with
which he could recollect the names and classify Fossils was simply

ORATION TO THE MEMORY OF

marvellous. In this respect he far outstripped all other students
at Harvard.

For history and mathematics he had no taste, and their study
during his College course was exceedingly irksome to him. Nor
did he seem much to care for light literature. He thought time
uselessly spent in novel reading. His powers of organization were
of a superior desciiption and admirably fitted him for his last great
work. His personal magnetism was more than ordinary, as evi-
denced by the strong friendships he formed and the ascendancy he
acquired over his staff of assistants. They soon learned to catch
the fervor of his zeal and the inspiration of his lofty motives.

Notwithstanding the ease with which he could master a lan-
guage. Prof. Hartt was not a fluent or eloquent speaker. He would
often stammer, hesitate and be at a loss for a word. This arose
from his studied exactness of speech, and the almost painful brevity
with which he sought to convey his ideas. Yet in lecturing, so
deftly could he draw, and so skilfully could he illustrate his des-
criptions by a rapid sketch, he very much relieved the monotony of
his address and often succeeded in rendering his platform efforts
comparatively popular.

His wondrous versatility, however, did not cause liiiii to swerve
from the purpose he set before him in life. After all he was a man
of one idea — and tl.at to stand in the front rank of Natural Scien-
tists. To this one object he subordinated all his powtrs and dedi-
cated his great and varied knowledge.

For money, except as a means to an end, he had not the slight-
est desire ; nor did he seem to know its value, save when purchas-
ing a book or spending it to prosecute his favorite studies. In these
days of sordid pelf and grovelling desires what a relief does such
and example present ! He was one of the most unselfish of men.

idents

study
Nor
t time
1 were
t great
aa evi-
ncy he
) catch

a lan-
3 would
s arose
brevity
ring, so
lis des-
)touy ol"
efforts

swerve
a man
Scien-
Id dedi-

slight-
Kirchas-

[n these
les such

)f men.

PROF. C. P. HARTT, A. M.

To do a noble act, to assist a friend, to speak a kind word either of
admonition or instruction, seemed the very essence of his being.

These are a few of the cardinal virtues of liim to whose mem-
ory yonder statue is erected. Pure in life, unselfish in deed and
thought, ready to sacrifice all, even life itself, to broaden the hor-
izon of Science and extend the limits of knowledge, what more,

I ask, can be added?

Sic itur ad astra.

My fellow class-mates: —

Such then in brief was the work, and such the life of him,
with whom for four years we enjoyed daily communion within the
walls of our Alma Mater. How barren seems the record of our
achievements as contrasted with that of him we mourn. Regret
now is useless, save as a stimulus to future exertion. The past is
beyond recall ; yet " some work of noble note may yet be done."
Let his brilliant career fire us witli a worthy ambition to follow,
" with steps however unequal and at a distance however great," the
course of so bright an example.

But yesterday, in the Church at the foot of this hill, he stood
by our side, cheerful and radiant with hope, and recei\'ed from the
hands of the late venerable President of this University, his Bach-
elor's Degree. To-day, in a Cemetery overlooking Lake Erie, in the
land of his adoption, he finds lasting repose, unvexed by the cares
and undisturbed by the turmoils of life. From that lonely grave
comes a voice, and it bids us in life's stern battle ever to stand for
the right, and to emulate him in strength of will — " To strive, to
seek, to find, and not to yield."