.%. ^-v. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 121 111 i4_ 11.6 I Photographic Sciences Corporation ^>^ 79 WIST MAIN STRtIT WIMTIR.N.Y. MSM (7U) •73-4S03 A'. CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian tnttitute for Historical MIcroraproductlont / Inttltut Canadian da microraproductlon. historiquat Tschnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notaa tachniquat at bibliograpliiquaa Tha tot Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographicaliy uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 0Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur r~n Covars damagad/ D Couvartura andommagia Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastauria at/ou palliculia I I Covar titia miasing/ D D D D D La titra da couvartura manqua r~n Colourad mapa/ Cartas giographiquaa an coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) I — I Colourad piataa and/or illuatrations/ Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Rati* avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along intarior margin/ La f liura sarria paut causar da I'ombra ou da la diatoraion la long da la marga intiriaura Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibla. thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainaa pagas blanchas ajoutAaa lors d'una rastauration apparaiaaant dans la taxta. mala, lorsqua cala *tait possibla. cas pagas n'ont paa «t« fiimAaa. Additional oommants:/ Commantairas supplAmantairas; L'Institut a microfilm^ ia maillaur axemplaira qu'il lui a M possibla da sa procurar. Laa details da cav jxamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquas du point da vua bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modifier una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dans la mithoda normala da filmaga sont indiquis ci-dassous. |~~| Colourad pagaa/ D Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommagiaa □ Pagas raatorad and/or laminatad/ Pagas rastaur*as at/ou palliculias Pagaa discolourad. stainad or foxad/ Pagas dAcolorias, tachatias ou piqui Tha pos oft film Ori( bag tha aioi oth firsi sior ori Pagas dAcolorias, tachatias ou piquias Pagas Pagas dAtachtes Showthrough> Transparanca Quality of prin Qualiti inigala da I'imprassion Includaa supplamantary matarii Comprand du matirial suppMmantaira Only adition availabia/ Saula Mition disponibia r~~| Pagas datachsd/ r~j Showthrough/ r~1 Quality of print varias/ r*n Includaa supplamantary matarial/ I — I Only adition availabia/ Tha shal TIN whi Mai diff< anti bag righ raqi mat Pagas wholly or partially obscurad by arrata slips, tissuas, ate, hava baan rafiimad to ansura tha bast possibla imaga/ Laa pagas totalamant ou partiailamant obacurcias par un fauillat d'arrata, una palura, ate, ont ttt filmias A nouvaau da fa«on i obtanir la maillaura imaga possibla. This itam is fllmad at tha raduction ratio chackad balow/ Ca documant ast fiimA au taux da reduction indiquA ci-dassous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X IfX aox a4x 2SX 32X re n du nodifier ir una ilmage The copy filmad h«r« hat bean raproducad thanka to tha ganaroaity of: D.B.WeMonUbrary UnivtnKy of WMtam Ontario Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibliity of tha original copy and in icaaping with tha filming contract apacif ieationa. L'axamplaira filmi fut raproduit grAca A la gAnAroaitA da: D.B.WaldonUbrary University of Wattem Ontario Laa Imagaa auivantaa ont At4 raproduitaa avac la plua grand aoin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da Taxampiaira fllm«. at an conformity avac laa conditiona du contrat da fllmaga. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara filmad beginning with tha front cover and ending on the laat page with a printad or iiluatratad Imprea- aion, or the bacic cover when appropriate. All other original copiaa are filmed beginning on the firat page with a printed or iiluatratad impraa- aion, and ending on the laat page with a printed or iliuatrated impreaaion. ta Lea axemplairaa originaux dont la couvarture an papier eat imprimte aont filmte en commen^ant par la premier plat at en terminant aoit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte d'impreaaion ou d'iiiuatration, aoit par la aacond plat, aalon le caa. Toua laa autrea axemplairaa originaux aont fiimAa en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une emprelnte d'impreaaion ou d'iiiuatration at en terminant par la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle emprelnte. The laat recorded frame on each microfiche ahaii contain the aymbol -^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymbol y (meaning "END"), whichever eppliea. Un dea aymbolea auivanta apparattra aur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, aalon le caa: la aymbola — »> aignifia "A SUIVRE", le aymbole V aignifia "FIN". Mapa, plataa. charta, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratloa. Thoaa too large to be entirely included in one expoaure ara filmad beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa required. The following diagrama illuatrata the method: Lea cartea, planchea, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAa A dea taux de reduction diffArenta. Loraqua la document eat trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un aeul clichA, 11 eat filmA A partir de Tangle aupArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut an baa, en prenant le nombre d'imegea nAcaaaaire. Lea diagrammea auivanta illuatrant la mAthode. irrata to pelura, n A n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MANITOBA FREE PRESS • • M- i -i .• t i\ * I ■•. « « L> The Souroes of North-Westem History. t! The resalar monthly meeting of the dboTe society took place in thou* rooms ThnracUKy night and wai^ largely attended. After some routine business the follow- ing were elected members : Lt.-6ov. Aik- ins, Mr. Nichol, Merchants' Bank : H. B. Mitt^ell, 6. B. Gordon, W. 6. Bell and James Penny. Messrs. Bryce, Panton and WMtcher were named a Special Committee to ar- range for the appointment of a delegate to the next meeting of the Royal Society, at Ottawa. mrrBOROLOoic^L phknomenon. The following letter, accompanied by a Meteorological specimen, was read from Rer. A. B. Baird, of Edmonton : I send to joq a speoimen ot a onriositjr recently found in the neighboriiood in the hope that some meteorologist belonjciuff to the Historical and Soientifle aociety may be able to send us an explanation of it. Qemrge Lone a farmer in the Sturgeon Rirar aMtlement about 10 miles from here found near bis house a snowball lying in a little depreasion in the saow. The snowball was about the slseof a BMn's list and not very regularly formed. The remarkable thing was thM there was imbedded in thii surface of this snowball and lying in the degression around It a large number (perhaps a thousand) of little golden colored globule^ ▼arying in siie irom that of large shot to that ot a pin point — the smaller slass predominatins. The little pellets at first were mostly covered with a grayish coat which soidfea otf very readily. Then comes the bright yellow layer and undemeaUi that a hard wnitlui-grnr snbstanoe like stone. I enclose you some of the Utile ^obules and would be glad to hear any ezphmation of the ottrioslty that is forthooming. Many thanks for the land mention in the Society reports about my specimens of coal and iron and espeoially for the analysis of the iron made at your instance by Prof. Chapman. I will take adTantage of some "obanoe" this spring to send some speoimeas of coal, better toui the former I hope, which you may use at your discretion, distribute them, for instance where they will do the most good. lam colleoting materials at present for an article on the Legends of the Cree Indians. I began it for my own amusement but if it turns out decently I shall hand it over to the Booiety. I am yotfrs faithf nlly, Andrew B. Baird. The corresponding secretary was in- sti-ucted to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of the letter aOTTROEB OF NORTHWESTERN HISTORY. Mr. Wm. Dennis, a young Journalist of this city, and formerly of Muifax, N. S., then read the following interesting paper on the above subject- In view of this being the last public meeting f the Historical and Boientiflo Society for the season, it has been suggested to me that it Would not only be a fitting termination of the year's work, but also of much use to member of the Society, and to others who may take an taiterestlnthe Ustoryof our great Northwest, to obtain Information as to the bistorical periods of interest— the books bearing upon these, the collections containing rare works about tiie Northwest, and to the (ddef sources from which botoks could be obtahied fdving the informatton derired. Aocoidtaigly. \ have waited upon prominent members of the Historical Sopie^, and will place before you the results of mjia- vestigation& ' ANniTBRBSTINO BISTORT. I>robably no portion of the Dominion has , been the scene of such varied and excitinc in- cidents as the ground occupied by this sometar inttswoiktVlz., theoounOTtothe north and west of Lake Superior. This includes Hud- son's Bay and its shores, where for two centur- ies not # 2 of this kind In the Ncithwett The student of Northwest history oouid spend several days in the professor's library with thegreatestpleasure and Instruction. A WIDE FIBLD. To any members of this society who have the m^tns and inclination for pursuing studies fsvored by the society, a wide opportunity is still open for obtaining books and other iiis-, torlcal materials. |faily of the ^British^fook-^ sellers now mi^e • jSpeolaltT oj( J^nuxie^ books, an4 a department of Americana is found in many of theu catalogues. In London, one can find anything and almost everything that the world contains, and especially for old «0|d rare books is this the place of search. Bemud Quaritoh, bookseller, Piccadilb-.^W., has a very complete coUectibn Of Ametnoan bookjB, Ana he kn&vra how to ohturge for.th'em. C. Her- bert, 80 Odswell road, E. C., has also a good collection and is very jreasonnble in pnces. Qne of the be&t and onoapest places in iJbndoh to obtAtnrare American boolu'ua^:^ wl Stlbbs', 30 ICuaeum street toear the Bvltish Mute^m.) On our own side of the Atlantic several oook- s6Uem have p«(id considerable attention t6 the collection of a s^iok of such books, and offer them at reasonable rates. Piddingtpp, 248 Younge street, Toronto, is one of these. Pfir- hftps the best of all dealers in this ^ to Britain, deserves our best at- tention. Among the bnoks most deserving of perusal are "An Ace m at of Hudsoil's Bay, by Arthur Dobbs, 1744; ' A Voyage tb Hudson's fiiy," by Hent; Bills; "Accouht of Six Years' Reiadenoe in Hudson's Bay," by Joseph Rob- son, in 1759, and the "American Traveller."1770. These wopks are all taken up, as well as the blue book of 1749, with the immediate coast of Hudson's Bay. A number of French Mrrlters have also discussed the events happening .on the bay. as 'M^ Die Baoqueville de la Potberie and M. Jeremie. So far as the interior waa concerned, however, the Hudson's Bi^r Company interest took a start from the time the company decided to penetrate the interior. Their inland 6Xpedi- uons were placed under the charge of an in- trepid officer, who has left us a most graphic f(WO volume of his "adventures and discover- ies." This was Samuel Heame, who is known as the American Park, and who published his work in 1790; He was not only a discoverer of the Coppctr Mine river, but built forts for the company, among others Fort Cumberland, on the Saskatchewan. Another adventurer, wno under the Hudson's Bay Company's auspices penetrated the country, and left us an interest* ing work, is Daniel Umfreville, who published an octavo volume in 1790. BARLT FRBirOH BBTTUEIW. First, as figuring on the way to the North- west was Champlain, whose travels are re- corded in (our volumes, published in Quebec and found in the library of this So- oiekT. In 1607 the Reoolleet priest Loau neanepin. published at Utrecht, in French, his new disoovery of a great country, though the region described lies rather to the south of the field of operations of our society. One of the most amusing and perhaps least ve- raoiousof theearly Frenofitravelres whose works we have is Baron De Lahontan, who pub- lished at Amsterdam in 1706, and at the Hague in 171li. His works are now very rare, but were quite popular in their day. In the library of this society is a valuable six volume edition of thr Torks of Father (^harl&voix, a member of the Jesuit society, published in Paris in 1744. From these volumes much of th** information we have of New France is obtained. The Jesuit relations also found in our IUnmht and gttbUshed byjthe Qevemme<^4r,of.vQanMa will • found ot^ serVidili la^ BtildyM^ Ads pe- riod. Much useful information may also oe obtained as to the early French times from Parkman'a beautifully written works, publish- ed in Boston, and also from an excellent work in two volumes, "Les CanadlenB de I'ouest, published by Joseph Tasse in Montreal, 1878. NORtHWESTBRN TRADBIiS. After New France had fallen into the hands of Britain a daring race of Canadian traders sprang up,, who penetrated' the Northwest and became Iprmidaole rivals to the Hudson's Bt» Company. The leading spirits of theNojrtl^ wester's were daring Highlanders who had ned from BHtain on account Of their Jacobitism. The voyMeurs were French. The deeds of many of those leadin^'SpiritsQflne time have ctbme down by tradition to our times. It is only an oocasioni^ nnd partial glimpse that we get of their wild life from the books written about the Northwest durbig that period, In 1778, Jonathan Carver, an .vmerloan traveller, penetrated the Interior of North America. Bom in Connootiout, he served as a paptwi> in the war against the French in Canada^ He published an account of his travels some tea years before, which gave a report of a de- termined effort made by him to cross through the Northwest to the Pacific Ocean. He failed in his at^^mpt. A qomewhat delapidated copy «)f his tvavels. with boards for the title page, will be found in the Society's library. In 180^ Alexander Henry published an accoimt of the expedition undertaken by him between the years 1700 and 1776 in which he describes his travels ai far aS Lake Athabasca, in com- pany with JTrobisher, one of magnates of the Northwest Company. The tnost intei^ esting and reliable work is that of Alexander McKenzie, published in 1801. This celebrated man had the honor of discovering the Arctio Ocean at the part where empties the river that bears his name. He also, in 179S, crossed the Rooky Mountains, first of white- men north of Mexico, and reached the' Pacific Ocean. A book now very rare, is that of Dan- iel W. Harmon, published in 1820, of a joumey of 5,000 miles taken by him northwest of * lion- treal He gives an account of nineteen years residence in the Northwest. I may mention^ passing,^ that his daughter still survives in Ot- tawa. In 1821, by absorption into the Hudson's Bay Company, the Northwest Company ceased its existence. AMKRIOAN TRADBRS AND BXPLORmiB. While the Hudson's Bay Company and Noru- westers were straggling for the fur trade in me North, an American of great energy, John Ja- oob Astor. was pushing the fur trade to the upper lakes and on the Pacific coast. Washington Irving's "Astoria.'' givcit a most interesting and graphic account of these operations. One of uie agents em- ployed by him was Alexander Ross, well known to the older Inhabitanta as Sheriff Ross, whose property 1» in the city of Winnipeg. In a work pub- lished in 1889 the writer gave an ar >unt of the early settlement of the Colombia river. After severing his connection with this fur company he Joined the Hudson's Bar Company, crossed the mountains from the Pacific and set^ tied on the Red River. He is also the author of several other works, among them being nu "Red River Settiement," published inlsat. Among the other ennployes of Astor was a Montreal Frenchman, Oabriel Franohere, who, alter enduring nm«»v perils on the Pacific coast, Grformed a memoi-able journey In 1814. ofoar K the Rooky MounUlns, down the Saskatche a ■•■■rr • « ■ I wan river, aoroM Lake Winnipeg, througk, t]i« Kxratry to' Tort WilUanTl&Bd 4q^ th* lakes to MonntreaL w< . muratiya pfttblidicidlnFr«neh.i«aoWverfttriB. Avrnf iBTu^ battered OOP j* u in the poci^mon 6t Din- Idl Carey, of this city. An An^^Oan trans- lation of this yK ork appeared tn 18M. One of > the most strikiaiK ana sucoessfal exploratory- expeditions In the Nortttwesteni United States was that «aoeful times that iiitervened between 18n and 1870 wbdu the country was transferred to Canada has vim told in a fraipnenMnr way by^anumbwotf writers. Among the first wdtks of this period is a journal by the Rev. John West, the first church of England Missionaryof the Red River settlement This, an ootavo volume, was pub- lished in London in 1824. Miss Tucker, the well-known writer, has given a pleasing sketch of the missions carried on in Rupert's Land, in her little work "The Rainbow of the North," published in 1858. In a two volume edition, published in 1849, enti- tled "Twenty-five Years Service in the Hud- son's Bay Territory," Mr. John McLean gives a somewhat lively account of the events trans- plrini^ in the quarter century preceding that date. As already mentioned, Mr. Alexander Ross's " Red River Settlement" gives a view of the countiT from its first days as a colony to the year 1856. The work on Red River, pub- lished by Mr. J. J. Hargrave— a member of this jlociety— in 1871, is especially valuable for chap- ters 6, 7, and 8, containing an account of the or- g&nkation and system of the Hudson's Bay bmpany. An immense array of facts, geo- frapnioal and historical, will be found in the blue book ordered by the Imperial parliament in 1867. In his two volume work, published in 1847, "a narrative of a journey y around the world" Sir George Simpson gives an account of his expedition through the North- west though there are rumors that another hand than his had much to do with the exeou tion of the work Every one is familiar with Milton and Cheadle's "Northwest passage by land," published in 1865, whichitis nottoo much to say nas been the fruitful mother of many of the works of Northwestern travel that have dnce appeared. I must not forget to mention the exceedingly interesting and instructive works published by His Grace the Arch- bishop of St Boniface ; especially "twen- ty years of missions in the Nortk- west of America" (1866). Descriptioa of the Northwest of America" (1869). and 'sketch of the Northwest of America" (1870). I do not, of course, enter uiion the field of literature connected with the exploration and description of the country since it became a part 01 Canada. THB INDIANS. There is still a wide field coming within the scope of this society's work— the uidian tribes that wander over our lilains, with their history and ethnology. Not only would our ordinary well known (Jjibways, Crees and Sioux aflbxa a wide field, but the northwest tribes of chip- pewyans and Esquimaux, with whom we are less acquainted, might well form subjects for papers oef ore this society, When it is stated that Messrs. Clarke ft Company, of CincinnattL give the names of upwards of five hundred books upon the Indians it will be seen how hopeless any attempt of ours would be even to begin upon so vast a subject. CON0LU8I0K. I have thought this evening to bring before yoa the results of my gatherings on the important matters of interest to this Society. No doubt I have omitted noticing many most important clues and failed to men- tion important and even leading works upon the several topics touched on. Here in the Northwest is Just springing up what isdeetined to be one of the greatest and grandest nations in the world. Our history is already an intense- *' • r IjrliiterMtiiigone. Weoweittosonelresuid topostentirtogatherupaUtliefraginenti. and luwd them down to the fatare. Thme »re mMiy «lANeideat8 stUU aliTe who posMn a vast anurant of infonnatUm of hlstorloallmportaaoe, I think we ahonld make an efflMrt to obtain that Intonnation, get it in print and it will then beat oar command for aU time to " oome. If we allow the presentopportonitr to paas, it will, in a few years, be lost forever. WinnipeK newapapers are engaged in recording the Iditory to