IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) h :/. & ^ 1.0 us 116 1^ 11^ 1^ IIIII2.2 Sf Bi "^ I.I tut 1.4 1 1.6 II— 1 — 1.25 V] vQ "3 ^/,. ^;^ /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. ItSSO (716) 872-4S03 TUf, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 'i ASV T ^ s Ik/:: j^ int I a. .„. *^; ^ Self'Supporting Occupation ana Ope'ilng in Life for GetUlev.oti Sons^ and % pudeni tuay of starting fcr an) ivho desire to engage in Agriculture in A^nerica and he Colonies. ^:, h-OURTEENTH EOITIUN. f{EVISf:i> JUNE, 1885i< F0S2' FR EE -SIX PESCE. FOKD, RAT?IBONJt AND CO.,. 21, Fl.VSBTTRT PjlVKMBST, Lf>Nl>OM, E.G. ^ X it !♦.?. [B??lKKEi» A.T HTATTOXKU'-i' HALL.] CONTENTS. -i=='^?iir«;- RKF»aENci8 (PERSONAL) Kkfeuxncbs to system Ba:nkkb3 SOLlCITOttS ... Objkct and ScoiriJ or Systkm PjtOBJ'KCt.H ... Natl'ke of Wobk Minnesota ... lOWA i.< ... ... >.< WisooNsm Ontario .„ \f\^ KBSC «•• .«• .1* .«« Nova Kcotia Virginia ... Florida "^California NartftASKA ... ... ... Krntccky ... .*.. ., Tahmiania Pkbiod of Instruction OrrLAT Cost ... ... joitkkkt ... OutHt RK8P0NRimLITT..# ... •'... QdALIFIOATION yOE SUOCKSS Stkadinkss Our ADDBib-sB COMPAKATIVB TKMPSliA.TOB« Analysis of Fabmr and Tknube WaEDS in CHANCKKt InSITBANCE .;'. ' ' JboKKi^m Drafts rAGB 1 and 2 24 2 .. 6 7 10 ... 10 TO .. 10. 10 ... 10 11 » ft « • » • •• • • •• • * 9 • • • • * « « * • > t • ... 11 11 ,.. 11 11 ... 12 13 .. 15 15 .. 16 16 mf 20 20 ... 23 ... ... 64 65 24 15, 89 and 70 ft • • « ft • Vr Oa)'. Messrs. TORD, RATHBONB & CO., 21, FINSBURY PAVEMENT, LONDON, EC. Are jwrrr»ittef1 to refer t«j tlie tbiiowing (iontUMiieii, to whom one or morn Mtitn^KMH of the Firm are [tersonally known ;-^ For retoriMjcoft to s\icfMi.ss o? S/strrn se-; \n}r>-h 2U to CS, ind special locil p tbroiices will ho wrut on afipliiraiuMi. JOHN AMi-'llLF/rT. Ef^q.. Oknr Stcr.rhridgc. JOSIAH AUSTKX. E-q.. Retired StflcF-Siir^eon RN., lUtnsgate. STEPUliN B. BARLOW, Esq., Gabalva, Il-^igate The Rev. A1)OIS0N BRAMWEI.L. Barrow IlillH, Ohert^'ey. J. R. BUr.W'EIJ, F^q., ^» C., M P.. 2, Teinj^l.^ O.irdejis, Temple, E.G. The Rev. JOHN IWHB BURGESS, Blewhury, Dldoot, BorU E. W. M. CORBETT. Esq., 'd\-^h Street, Cardhr, Sir. 0. C. I>E CRFSIMONY, B.irt , Clianipion Lorli^e, .Maldon. The Rev. Canon CllOMWKT.L, St iM.'uk's Oolh-^,', Oht^lsea. FREDERKJIv W'M. DISNKY, E.-^q.. The \V'oo, Koni. Major KNOX, Giciv^-'ster. Ca)»t. BR(.)WNLOW KDWAia) L.lYARD, Walton Lodge, Torriuav. S. R. LEWIN, J'lsq.. Widford, Uert,-. T)je Rev, W. TI LUCAS., Soplev, Rino-wood. ROBERT LYLE, Enq., 83, Upper IntzwiUiam Street, Dublin. The Hon. and Rev ARTHUR TEMPLE lYTTLETON, Master of Sehvyn CoUegr Canibiiuge. The Rev. Or. MACLEAK, St. An^nistine'* College, Canterbury. ;'OUN D. MoKENZIE, K-q., St. Allians, Hert^ Tlve Rev. PELHAM WAITLiVND, Rirchfield Viearage, Birminghara. GILBERT G. MAITLA.ND, Enq.. Sion Hill PUee, Bj^th. f CHARLFS MALLAM, K»*q.. S^ndgate. The H«'v. Dr M^DOWAf-L, Tlu- Hdicx")! Houi^e, Highgatri. (jEOlKiK MITJ-EH, Emi , AsliHt.a.l. \'.\>M^m. RICHARD COMHE MILLKH. I'%(i., J P., Oakfield, Dartfbnl. Colonel H. T. G. G. MGNYTENNY, Maythani Hall, Rolvenden, AshforH, Captain W D. C. G. MONYPENNY, Bellevuc House, Bathwick Hill, iJatli. E. N. P. MOOH. ^:^q., i\, Nortluote Pu -a.!, Cliflcn. Bnstol. The Rev. SIKH.TO XF'AVMAX, Rnwdl Street. lUvding. Tlie Rev. liKNRY LLOYD O.SWLLl;, TU.^ Parsonage, Harewood End, RoHH, HerefordHhire. The Rf>v. W H. OSWKLL, Soutli Kirkl.v Vieanige. Pontefract. C. GJLBKRT PEACOCK, Esq., Or. attor.l Hall. Stajiiford. J. E. PEARSON, Esq.. Glentliorne Villa, Clifton Park Road, Clifton. BPEN'CER A. PIORCEVAL, l^sq , 34, Lirkluili' Road, RichmonU, Surrey. EDWARD A. PHILLIPS, Esq., North ShieldK H. S. PHILLK-S, Esq., 39, Keiiilworth Road, H. Leonards. Rev. THOS POWELL. Bishani Vicarage. Marlow. ALEXANDER PYM. Esq.. .LP.. The Eirs, Anipthjll. R. RUTHVEX PYM, Efq., 85. Devonstiire Place, Portland Place, W. General R'"^BERT }\ RADOLIFEE, Caver»hani, Reading, General GEORGE TRAVIS RADCLIFFE, Leanuide. LexJ-nington. W. F. RAWLINS, E«c,,, Liniiimton House, llcheste.r, Soineraet. J. P. SLINGSBY ROBERTS, Esq,, H. Powis Villas, BrighWn. The Rev, Cancn 1K>0KE, Ram pip ham Rectory, Dcrchectte?, Admiral Sir ALFRED RYDER, K.C.B., Portsmouth. Major SALE, C.M.(^., Chatham Rev. Canon SCARTH, The Rectorv. Wrington, Somerset. Sir SIBBALD D. SCOTT, Bart., 18, Cornwall Gardens, S.W. The Rev. JOHN SHEPHARD, Vicarage, Eton, Baekp. CHARLES JOHN SHUBRICK, Esq., 93, Onslow Gardens, S.W. General RICHARD SHUBRICK, 7. Cornwall Wansioua, S.W. The Rev. Canon W. CHETWYND-STAPYLTON, Maiden Vicarage, Worcester Park, Surrey. The Rov, E. S. T iLBOT, Warden of Koble College. Oxford. The Rev. F. ST. JOHN THACKERAY, The Vicarage, Mapledu*-tiani, Reading. JOHN TURNBULL, E>q.. 58, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. The Rev. H. V/. TWEED, Bri^low Vicarage, Rosa, Herefordshire. Colonel W. LARKINS WALKER, 13, Albany Villas, Went Brighton. J. D. WHYTE, E.-q., Hailevhurv College, Herts. The Rev. CHARLES WYNNE, Wimbledon. Major WYNNE, R.A., Staff C( .liege. Camberley, Faruboro'. H. B. WYNTER, Esq., M.D., Tenby. SOLICITORS ' Messra. FORD, RANKEN FORD fe FORD, 4, Soutli Square ' Grav'fl Inn, London, W.C. ROBERT LYLE, E^i., 33, Upper Fitzwilliam Street^ Dublin. Messrs. ALEXANDER & GREEN, T20, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. BANKERS: Messrs. HOARE A CO,, ,37. Fleet Stre.-t, E.G. Mertsra. MEL\^ILLE, EVANS * CO,, T.'S, Lomlvird Street, E.G. THE UNITED STATF^S NATIONAL BANK, Nassau Street, New ¥ork, TaS UNION BANS OF AUSTRALIA, I^wnceaton, Tuemania, . ilol venden, ithwick Hill, PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS AS TU INSTRUCTION IN FARMIM IN OAITADA AND THE DNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ▲NO TASMANIA. " An^stam amioe pauperiem pati Robustus aori militia puer Condiscat." ^Horace, Cam. ii. 2. %'■ FOURTEENTH EDITION, REVISED, BY WILLIAM WILBRAHAM FORD \ AND JOHN RATHBONE, J2J, FlNSBUBY PaYUMMT, Lo?fl)ON, E,C. Jii li PREFACE. Mesflrs. Ford, Rathbone s iind agents, and they have a complete organisation on both sides of the Atlantic, "which ensm-es a thorough I'ultiluient abroad of every engagement entered iAto here. The Firm commenced operations at this office in 18B0. Its success to this date is attested by the clients tliemselves and their constant letters, some of which are quoted below. It is very desirable that all communications intended for u& should be addressed to us by name, as Messrs. FORD, RATHBONE and CO. The following form of Receipt is given for the Premium : — N.B. — The Practical nature of the duties and routine of the Farm have been thoroughly explained to the Pupil or to his friends. 21, FiNSBURY Pavement, London, E.C. EECEIYED from of the sum of which we undertake to place . who is now „ the same beinj^ a Premium for years of age, as a Farm pupil, in IN Car Si Q OUNC aisinfi with a good Farmer there, where he will be treated as one of the family, and have as comfortable a home as Farmers in that district 7Jffi^:^ usually have, and be practically taught American Farming, receiving also his board and lodging, with bed and bedroom to himself, andi: 'r*- ^i in addition thereto pay at the rate of Dollarsl.t per month for the first twelve months. £ , , It is expected that he will remain with the Farmer upon the^i « above terms for twelve months, but this arrangement is entirely} 'rp-A ba^jed upon the reciprocal promise that said . 1 , . j is to conduct himself properly, and diligently aid in the work of thc^ ^nCM Farm, the same as the Farmer's sons are accustomed to do there Of the above Premium Dollars arc to be pai rm a^ ost proi nd foi as a bonus to the Farmer. It is clearly understood that this Agency will not be j.esponsibI for any consequences which may arise from intemperance or misf 7®^^' conduct on the part of the pupil, or physical incapacity. i. ivate Firm, bs, and they the Atlantic, id of every commenced s to this date leir constant ntemhdfor us CO. ven for the )/ the Farm have i friends. PRACTICAL dUGGESTIONS A8 TO [INSTRUCTION IN FARMING IN Canada and the United States of America, and Tasmania. a Preinmm for I Farm pupil, in | ed as one of the I 3 in that district! rming, receiving] L to himself, and^ Dollars] Parmer upon the jment is entirely A Self-supporting Occupation and Opening in Life for Gentlemen^ s Sons, and a prudent way of starting for any who desire to engage in Agriculture in America and the Colonies. n the work of thi )med to do there, ars arc to be pai« not be ^esponsibl aperance or mis ipacity. buNG gentlemen desiring to learn agriculture and stock objects laising thoroughly, with the vifew, when they hav6 gained and Scope piflScicnt experience, of commencing work on farms of their j' *^® wn, can be placed with carefilUy-chosen farmet^ in the best "y*^®™- fistricts either of Canada, the United States, or Tasmania, here they will receiye boatd and residence in addition to Lonthly pay, so that fi'om the commencement they can be ilf-supporfcing and start successfully. The system requii'es on the part of the pupil the same ;tention to the farm and actual labour as the owner of the irm and his sons are accustomed to bestow upon it, and lost any one who has thus learned farming can engage in profitably on his own account ; (1) by the purchase of [nd for cash ; (2) on time payments extending over a term years ; (3) by joining the fanner he is placed with, or some W H\ if J 6 kind on^'H a jiul hitUHi Conj; "madti dorna aruu F IGarii 1 I of his English companions ; (4) by taking a farm on the share system, a plan commonly adopted in the States, and explained in the Appendix ; (5) by acquiring 100 acres free- hold, and free of cost, under the Homestead* Act. In either of the last two methods he can, if necessary, commence with little or no capital beyond tliat which he may save out of his earnings ; and though the progress then will he much slower at first.y it is the way in which many, and in some districts the majority, of American farmers begin. The leading principle of the system we have originated is to make the young men self-supporting from the first, and in this way the self-reliance so necessary to success in a new countiy can best be acquired. To send them out without the imposed obligation to work and to earn honest joaymetitlinany for their services would not lead to habits of industry t and "^ to that practical acquaintance with every part of the business without which they could not safely be hereafter trusted with farms of their own ; and the farmer himself would not have such control over them as would ensure his being able to teach them properly. Poiitionof The farmers selected to receive young men are chiefly those cultivating from 160 to 600 acres as mixed grain and stock farms, which are the size and description most generalfarm in the States ; f and as it would probably be on farms of this acreage that the majority of those going out would commencJ L( for themselves, it is unquestionably better for them to gaii their experience in this manner than on larger farms ; those however, who desire to learn on larger farms, and can after tTgetl wards command the capital necessaiy to start and carr mutuj them on, can be suitably placed for that purpose, though th man advice in all cases is that they should commence in th smaller way. ^ We quote the following from the tenth Census of th '^^^n United States for 1880, Vol. III., xxviii. : ^^ ^^ Jarn nust * The fees on entering a homestead amount to about £3, and absolute title ^Qnefl given after proof of five years' residence and cultivation each year of some pof ^ tion. A capital of £100 would be sufficient to enable a young Epglishman fcau commence in a small way for himself. It may be observed, however, that mail Americans start successfkilly with even smaller amounts. I t Sm statement in the Appendix, p. 66. r 4 ^ Farmeri. e^oke devel( mentfi not h farm, study, qualif man a N. lone i] farm on the c States, and 00 acres free- it. In either )ramence with ave out of his e much dower some districts € "Tho actual cultivators of the soil licre hav<» l)een the gamfl kind of men precisely as those who filled the pr )fe88ionB, or were I'Df^aged in commercial and mechanical pursuits. ** Of two sons of the same mother, one became a lawyer, perhaps a judj^e, or went down to the city and becamo a merchant, or gave himself to political affairs and became a i^overnor, or a member of Congress ; the other staye*! upon the ancestral homestead, or made a new one for himself and his children out of the public domain farther west, remaining through life a plain, hard-working farmer." e originated is le first, and in cess in a new j^w out without honest payment industry, and of the business ereafter trusted iself would not his being able From " Log-Cabin to Whito House." Life of Jamea Garfield, President, U.S.A. : " James might have Lu-Ued the farm his teacher. It taught him many excellent lesions. " He extracted the most valuable knowledge from its soil. He e\oked inspiring thoughts from its labour. His manhood developed under its rigid discipline. His mind enlarged its mental grasp. The season spent in the log schoolhouse could not have pushed him higher up than did his experience on the farm. It was positive proof that work is discipline as much as study, and that it can do for boys often more than study to ,. n qualify them for the stern duties of life. James was more «jf a nen are cnieny j^y^jj ^^ ^j^^ dose of that season than he was at the beginringof it." aixed grain and N.B. — James was twelve years old at this time, when ho ran a on most genera] farm of fifty acres alone for his mother. on farms of thif ivould comment Lord Coleridge said ("Pall Mall," 1 1th September, 1883) : f those ** England and America are one in blood, in language, in law, ;er tarms ; tno ^^^ ^^ hatred of oppression and love of liberty. We are bound 3, and can alter together by Ood Himself in golden chains of mutual affection and start and carr mutual respect, and two nations so joined I am firmly convinced T)OSe though th man will never put asunder." ^ To those who prefer an active out-of-door life to the Proapeoti. h Census of thP^^®^*^^^y occupation of an office, or who seek, but are unable bo find, an opening in England which will permit them to Barn an income and maintain themselves, this occupation "~ ~ nust specially commend itself ; for the life is a manly, iz, and absolute title loncst, self-reliaut, and healthy one, and a substantial living sach year o! some po ' * J ' o young Ei'gllshman 3an DC the rCSUlt. d, however, that mai^ g^^. ^j^jigt jfe qQqyq an assured future to those who will cquire habits of industry, and are content to live soberly How to learn. ,r Practical Experi- ence. Nature of Work. Indepen* dence. 8 and economically, it is not desired to suggest change to such as l**ot r have already settled occupations here, or to cause the slightest |B^Jgh feeling of disappointment to those who go out through any wfor tt highly-coloured representations of the life. 1^^^^ Eixperience has shown that the best and proper way tolthoro start farming ?s by learning the business thoroughly at thejpone outset in the manner here suggested, and without the aid of i^^®^^ capital. Capital is of little or no use without experience,! TJ or, at any rate, a fair knowledge of farming. Of course, Jiity c where capital is wanting, progress will be much slather at first ;P suc< but whilst on the one hand there are. many who have started Jysten without money and are yet prosperous, there are many morcjj'oupg especially among the English, who, after beginning farming P'iUin^ with considerable capital, have lost it for lack of industry J^P^ct and experience. I Nc The course here recommended is, that the learner should J^ rec( go out with a view to live and work precisely as the farmers |0^> th themselves, their sons, and their men do, because the proper fricts i plan for any one who intends to engage in fanning is first to lentlei acquire th:s practical knowledge and experience, even if he l^^ves have, or should hereafter have, the command of capital ; and it is the only way in which those starting without capital, or with only a moderate amount, can become successful. As to the work to be learned, it is the custom for farmers, especially in Canada and the Western States, to do the work themselves with but little hired help, and to rely on themselves and their sons in the winter months ; and it is necessary, therefore, for a pupil not to be above learning f^uin to use his hands. Personal labour is not considered in thefeadiii least derogatory in America, but is regarded as a title tol^ely social respect ; and as hired labour is generally expensive, f'n especially at busy seasons of the year, such as harvest, it isPbit customary for a farmer to exchange work with his neigh -pccess hour ; the new settler, therefore, stands at a disadvantage As if, through being unable or unwilling to work, he is com- ^ubt pelled to hire labour, or if his two days' time are only worth stan his neighbour's one day. iistra Those, therefore, who do not propose to learn farming urne; by actively helping with the daily work, but wish to idle^ sue about towns, or only to ride about and overlook others, areSNs, ualifit uire i iver yea eithei nfa ay w( )roper way to )ughly at the out the aid of it experience, Of course, 1 loiher at first ;\ ige to Buch asl^^^ recommended to go under this system ; for, though they } the slightest IBttight honestly beheve they were doing all that waa necessary ' through any l^or their future success, they would eventually find they had ibeen acquiring only habits of idleness, never becoming thoroughly independent, but making constant demands for oney on their friends at home, and permanently prejudicing heir prospects. This plain view of the matter is expressed in the interest Practice nly of the pupil and his friends. We are far from painting *^d success to be acquired without labour, or advocating a "®<^'y- have started Jj^*'^^ under which we could easily, if so desired, place •e many morejW^^^g ^^^ wi^h farmers or other residents, who woilld be minff farming fri^i^g ^^ receive them on moderate annual payments without k of industry J^P^^^i^g ^tieir help or exertions. I Nor can a residence with English gentlemen in America How not learner should J^ recommended to those who go out to really learn farming, *•» do it. as the farmers fo^' though there are English families settled in various dis- use the proper fricts in comfortable homes, they are usually officers or other nino" is first to 1^^^^^°^^^ ^^h^> having hut recently gone out, are only them- ice "even if hef^^^^s learning American farming, and are, therefore, not )f capital • andf^^l^fi®^ ^^ teach it ; these gentlemen, moreover, usually re- lout capital ori^i^'® high terms as payment for board and residence, how- cessfuL ' f^^^' ^^^S t-he pupil may remain (often as much as dglOO om for farmers,! year), and usually give no pay; so that young men tes to do thef ei^'^er become self-supporting nor artj taught as an Ameri- and to rely onl^^ farmer who has begun without money and made his own ths • and it is 1^7 would be able to teach them ; and unless they have above learning V^^^'^*6d the knowledge of detail and habits of work and isidered in the leadiness which a practical training gives, they will not be 1 as a title tol^ely to succeed in the management of land or farms of their rally expensive, r'li J it is not only knowing how to do the work, but the harvest it ispbit of actually doing it, which is so necessary for their rith his neigh -fC^^ss when they start for themselves. disadvantage 1 -^s to the country or district to be selected, there is no Selection 3rk he is com-t^^t that North America has an advantage on the score of of are only worth (stance over most of the English colonies. Not only are*'*^**^^' lustralia and New Zealand far distant, and the cost of the learn farming ti'^ey very gi'eat, but it now requires considerable capital it wish to idle I succeed in these colonies ; the Cape has few advant- look others arej^s, and the constant difficulties with the natives form a «M 10 serious obstacle to settlement there. North America la provided with pertect railway communication ; Quebec and New York, its principal ports, are within ten days of Liver- pool, and the mails are dispatched nearly every day. In reference to the most desirable parts for settlement, the " Standard," in commenting upon recent emigration statistics, says : — ribi ort( leei OSS( est mo he T nU] goc ppe " When we glance at the direction taken by the human flood which in June poured out of the Mersey, we find as usual that the great Re- public obtained the greatest share of the fertilising overflow of the Old Continent. Of these 26,688 people, 22,565 were bound for the*spec United States, 3,837 for Canada, 40 for Australia, 173 for South, j^gg^-: America, and 31 for Africa, by which may be understood the Cape? ^., and Natal. . . It may be, therefore, said in general terms that ^^^^^' last month's emigrants went entirely to the United States anc he i Canada. . . The great distances of the South African anc ome Australian colonies a,re a drawback to their settlement. With th- >Iace exception of New Zealand, and of Tasmania in a less degree, the; j present but small attractions to the tiller of the soil." Selection of Districto Minnesota and Iowa. Wisconsin irgi] ore ; g IE iages egeti ith I ith he Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia. The district at first selected by the founders of thi^ agency was that of Southern Minnesota and Upper lowj a country exceptionally healthy. The climate is hotter ii summer and colder in winter than in England, but th^ seasons are very enjoyable, the atmosphere is clear, drj and bracing, and rain seldom falls during the winte months, which are much more healthy than in England. The same characteristics of temperature, soil, and cliiescri| mate are also found in Southern Wisconsin, to which Statjemai we are still sending pupils, and the farmhouses and ajj^irgi pointments are usually better than in the first-named diahick tricts. The best parts of Canada also offer an excellent fie»>cal for learning farming, probably better than any of the Prairff m States, though the prairies give better opportu':^ities fJan ( buying land at low prices or starting a farm. We hamnall selected, therefore, the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, aiibou Nova Scotia, as containing within their boundaries soiAvoi of the best districts in the Dominion, and quarters enw laj nently suited to those who desire to gain a thorough kno ledge of farm and country, and yet wish to settle und English laws. The soil of Ontario and Quebec is extrem ricn, though the best fields are by no means equally d 3CU1 11 America iBlfcributed. Cereals and fruits abound, and are largely eX- Quebec and fcorted. The grasses are luxuriant. Horses and the best ays of Liver- Jbieeds of cattle are encouraged and reared. Nova Scotia day. mossesses a vast deal of excellent land, capable of giving ettlement, the Inost satisfactory returns for labour and capital and enjoys tion statistics, ji most healthy climate, without either the extreme rigour of he western winters or the excessive heat of the summers , , . I^ln Upper Canada. Nova Scotia offers very cheap land : "^rSie ereat Be- f' &^°d farming climate, more humid in summer than in overflow of the tipper Canada, and very advantageous for vegetation, e bound for thejspecially pasture, and, above all, a geographical position of , 173 for youth^gg^ijjiable value, between three markets — viz., the United Tstood^th^^Cape|^g^^gg^ Q^eat Britain, and Newfoundland. Many prefer ^'T^ states ancl^® milder winter climate and more equal seasons of Lth African anclome of the Southern States, and these we are able to ment. With thtjlace in the well-known blue grass region of Kentiicky, Kentucky less degree, thejlp^j in Florida and the beautiful Piedmont section of soil- W irginia, where the farms are large, and the homes often )unders of thijaore attractive than in the North ; and Nebraska, a'oound- id Upper lowalng in cattle. In Virginia there are great natural advan- Virginia. ate IS hotter iJages for the successful growing of fruits, flowers, and lo-land but th»egetables. The culture of the vine has been attended •e is clear dryi^ith such success as to bring Virginia into competition • ^Y^Q wintel^ith the best known markets. Indian corn ripens well. n in England, f^e climate is mild, the scenery beautiful. The Times, re soil and cliescribing " The South of To-day," December 22nd, 1884, to which Statlemarks. " One or tv/o of the best peopled counties of irginia have in the last ten years covered their hill sides ick with vineyards, to the great advantage of their cal prosperity," and, as in these counties a good system mixed farming, including fruit growing, prevails, we n confidently recommend this part of Virginia. The all expense of the journey from New York to Virginia, |bout $13, or £2 15s., is another element in the settler's vour. In Nebraska, Indian corn as well as other grain Nebraska largely grown, and cattle-breeding is a profitable a thorough knofccupation. h to settle ^^"1 Florida is celebrated for the production of the orange, Florida. lebec is extreuit*,apg^ melon, peach, and other fruits ; and market-garden- aeans equally d|^g jg ^ profitable industry. California olfers special California. ahouses and aji first-named dij an excellent fie! my of the Prairi opportui-^ities f' farm. We ha irio, Quebec, a boundaries so nd quarters em ' £ 12 advantages to men with capital to develope its resources in wheat, alfalfa and fruits; and pupils with adequate) means can be placed there with the bfest opportunities oil advancement and with the luxuries of an English home., A training at any of the stations provided by tts foi pupils qualifies them for settling in any part of the] United States, Canada, Manitoba, or the Colonies, where^ free lands are to be had ; and their judgment in selecting^ a favourable locality for operations will be much assisted^ by the experience gained in their course of tuition. Tasmania We have introduced the same system into Tasmanij for the benefit of those who are not fitted to stand the! severity of the American winter, and who are able to bear! the greater expenses of the journey. ArrivaJs from Q-reat^ Britain who pay their own passage, on producing receipts for the same, are, if of age, entitled to a grant of Iand,i viz. : — males 30 acres, females 20 acres, Lud are entitled^ to 10 acres for children. The following, written by Major- General the Hon. W. Fielding, appeared in the "Nineteenth Century," July, 1883: ''The smallest of the A-ustralian Colonies is that island for- merly known under the name of Van Diemen's Land, but novi called Tasmania. Here the climate more nearly resembles that of the best parts of England, the soil is rich, there is plenty of it to be bought oil easy terms of payment from the Government, and were it not for the difficulty of obtaining a reliable supply of good labour at reasonable wages, Tasmania would be a pAradise for energetic young men with some small means of their own. There is considerable scope just now for the well-directed and energetic inauguration of a statesmanlike policy, and an educated and capable young English gentleman would find here a good field for a successful and useful Parliamentary career. The popu- lation consists for the most part of yeometi farraing their own lands.'' The farmhouses, except in the s/)ecial cases of Virginia, Florida, California, Minnesota, and Nova Scotia, are Usually smaller than in i:jngland, and not adorned with garden'?; the living also is generally plainer than that which young men well brought up here have been accustomed to, espe- cially in the mode of cooking, which is indifferent, but- the j [let is jrmed submit Th steady ko rec( mectec roveri ill in i )rovid Us lore t stipi lome c the cc }e ver i,dvan1 ihen c Th jxceec |5roun£ Jw^orth m the ihall bud ri ;hat t Homes. fneces !f . ! 18 its resottrcesBliet is plentiful and there is everywliere what jajay he rith adequateftermed a rough abundance. A description of the farm is portunities oflubmitted in every pupil before embarkatior. English home.! The people are orderly, sober, honesi, energetic, and (d by us foAteady ; and the farmers, who have been cai-ef ully selected part of thelo receive the pupils, are among the best and most re- olonies, wherelpected in the community, and often fill posts in the local it in selectinglxovernment or administration. They will in each case do much assistedill in their power to make those they receive comfortable, tuition. Arovided the latter are industrious, steady, and docile, nto Tasmanial Usually only one pupil will be placed on a farm, never to stand the*^°^® than two ; and in every instance a separate bedroom able to bear I® stipulated for, unless expressly stated to the contrary ; Is from Great J^'^® ^^ *^ farmers wish to take two pupils, but though ucinff rGCGintl'^® companionship of another young Englishman might -rant of land W^ very agreeable, it is not considered to their ultimate „^^ 4.,-4.i«i»dvantaare to be together. They will he more under the . are entitled* ^ /r^?/? j •* i j • st • ? influence of the jariner, and more interested m their workf thfi TTo W f^^^^ ^^ separate farms. ntnrv " Jnlv I ^^^ ^^^* ^^ clothes and necessary expenditure need not J'» ^'^xceed £10 a year, and can be provided out of their pay. "oung men going out inexperienced would not at first be bhat island for- , si^orth more than their board, but in the agreement made Land, but noTV ^^ their behalf with the farmers it is stipulated that they rSnt ^<^it tol '^^^^ receive from £1 to £2 a month, in addition to board overnment and *'^^ residence, for the first twelve mouths or more ; after iable supply of fthat time they are worth more, and can in some cases earn I be a pAradise its much as £4 a month throughout the year, if they are s of their own. jtpQjig^ capable, and industrious ; bat having by this time nd an^ed cated f^^^i^®^^ self-reliance and experience in the business, they- 'd here a good f^ould be able, and probably prefer, to bargain on their ser. The popti- Jown account, until they are ready to take land or farms of aing theit oWn ftheir own. I A probation of from one to three years is sufficient to onfer such a thorough knowledge of farming as will [ualify them to start on their own account, with a good )rospect of success. In corroboration of the views advanced in the present med 10*^68^6^ ^^^ previous editions of this pamphlet, respecting the srent but- the f'lecessity for some such probationary time being spent on The Farmers. The Pupil. £zpeAdi- tnre and AUow- anco s of Virginia, ia, are Usually vith gardens; which young ' Period of Instruc- tion. Essentials to Future Success. f i «. '' Work uad Beorea- tion, Proflti. ;:i 14 an American farm before any investment of capital is made, the following extract is given from a speech b^ Mr. J. Walter, M.P. for Berkshire, and of the "Times"] newspaper, who, in saying that he — " Had some experience of the emigration of English farmeiv to America ... believed it would be greatly to their, advantage, and would materially advance their object, if they would serve a very few years of apprenticeship before they entered^ upon their career as farmers To succeed as an emi.j grant farmer there should be at first, on one side or other of tht Atlantic, an apprenticeship, so to say, to the business.** In a subsequent speech Mr. Walter says : — **I am firmly persuaded that America will become more m field of enterprise to thousands of English gentlemen, farmers | and other classes of people. . , , , Before the close of uext| century there will be a population of 200 inillions in the United | States, and what I wish is that oiore Englishmen would go OHlJ there.'* "^ * ' The work required is hard, and a sound constitution i essential, but the health and physical capacity are improvedlbhem 2 by the regular exercise, and there is time for recreation Jarmei for at certain seasons of the year, especially in Canada oiieceipl the West, there is not so much to be done on the farmAtnd pj and time is then pleasantly spent in social enjoyments limion sport also is plentiful in some districts. As to the profits to be derived from farming, the occu' pation should afford an income comparatively free from anxiety for the maintenance of a family and a provision for the future ; and further, it may be stated that there are some cases in which farmers in some of the States referred to commenced without capital and have realisec from £10,000 to £20,000, or more, from farming; thif result is exceptional ; it is, however, by no means excep- 1 tional to see farmers who came into the country originallj without any money at all now well-to-do and thriving The advantages of superior education which most youn^ Englishmen have received will, if they show equal indue try with their American neighbours, ensure their becoming influential and respected members of the community progress being much more rapid, and openings for ad Ivancei ore ] "Li en w] * »] 2 mc 60;: isco ndF: nd £ ither s the dets alifo] Th armei he loc ble fa * Nd Or lo K( W N€ Vi M Fi Ti a speech b the "Times' s 15 of capital if vancement, both in agricultural and commercial life, much nglish farmer? peatly to theii object, if thej )re they entered? ed as an emi- or other of th lore numerous in America than in England. The author )f '' To-Day in America " says : — " Life in America must have special charms for young English- len who have to make their way in the world/' * The total outlay necessary for entering on a farm for Total Out- 2 months, in the manner here indicated, is : — For Iowa, lay. 60 ; Minnesota, £60 and £150 ; Canada, £70 and £100 ; isconsin, Nebraska, £70 ; Kentucky, £80 ; Nova Scotia nd Florida, £100 ; Virginia, £110; and Tasmania, £80 nd £150; beyond which there is no charge whatever, ither annual or otherwise, and the only further expense a the cost of the journey, and such outfit as may be taken, detail of the outfit will be given to pupils. Terms for alifornia can be specially arranged at this office.f The sum paid to us covers the amount paid to th© Ooit. en would go Ov.\Msi,Tmer as well as the agency here, and also the payment to he local agents who receive and place the pupils on suit- constitution iftble farms, and who continue, from time to time, to advise T are improvemhem and see to their welfare ; the proportion paid to the or recreation; Warmer is in each case specified in the agreement and ' in Canada oiieceipt, and this amount is in each case remitted by us, on the farmAind paid to the farmer when his contract is signed, after 1 enjoyments ;i i month's trial has elapsed, and the pupil has signified hia ess become more ilemen, farmers ;he close of next s in the United IT ling, the oocu- ^-ely free from id a provision^ lied that ther^ of the States have realisec farming ; thii means excep- ntry originallj and thriving ch most younf w equal indus their becoming le community eninga for ad # The outlay can be covered by an Insurance on the Pupil's life, see pages 69 and 70. t Approximate Bates. Nova Scotia Quebec (Province of) Ontario (Province of) Iowa Kentucky Wisconsin Nebraska . . Virginia . . Minnesota Florida . . Tasmania. . Contract. . jeioo . 70 First Class Ocean and Railway Fare . 70 .. 60 80 . 70 . 70 . 110 jeeo & ^150 100 150 First class 80 Second class About £5 may be deducted if the pupil prefers to travel ftt " Intermediate Rate " across the Atlantic, } MS 16 15 18 17 18 21 15 19 19 54 39 4 4 17 14 8 6 2 12 2 15 6 6 i. If , M tifiBttsfactlon with the way he is placed ; this precau-tioiii being taken so that if any change of farm is necessary i can be the more readily made. Expense of The entire cost of the journey to the States or Canada! Journey, will be covered by from £20 to £S0, according to distanc and locality selected ; it includes first-class cabin on the steamship, first-class railway fares in America, berth i sleeping car, and the whole of the living expenses fro the time of leaving Liverpool until the pupil is settled o the farm. Detailed particulars of these expenses, and th fullest instructions as to the journey, are supplied before* departure, also letters of introduction to our agents, bot en route and at their destination, who are advised in advance; of each sailing. At New York they meet the vessel oi| arrival, assist in passing baggage through the Custom/ hovse, and see the pupils off by train ; the arrangements throughout being so complete that no difficulty or mistak( can a ise at any stage of the journey. Outfit. The only addition to the cost of the contract and jour ney is the outfit, which need not be large or expensive, but should consist of a supply of winter underclothing and, in addition to the suits in ordinary wear, such won clothes as may be hardly suitable for use here, but quitf v rp^^j good enough for rough wear. Other clothing can h Englj bought, as and when required, out of monthly pay. Pupil: learn thus to take care of their money. It is a mistake! kindness on the part of parents or friends here to send oa large additional amounts, for it only tends to promote i feeling of dependence upon home, instead of one of self reliance. EesponBi- The question may arise in the reader's nailid, Whj j^a'-a bility of should any charge be paid ? It is undoubtedly true tha ^ Agency, young men can seek, and probably obtain, temporar employment for themselves without paying any premiun for being properly directed where to go, and for bein! provided with a settled home on their arrival ; but tli attempt has been found dangerous unless they have friend to whom they can apply at all times, and then of cours the services of a responsible agent are not so necessary. I is very difficult for a young man without advice, in tli| Stat won is as settli and be oi acqu dem{ const life, is at muc] in ps certa them selve in th our ( throu M thron in ve farmi to a as wc whic (I and so th my s moni ir precairfcionj necessary es or Canada g to distance cabin on tlie| ica, berth spenses froi is settled or nses, and the pplied befor^ r agents, botl 3ed in advancej the vessel oi the Custom-: arrangement^l Ity or mistakf^ }ract and jonr I or expensive, nnderclothing; ear, such won here, but quiiu iothing can 1)(; ilypay. Pupil; 1 ia a mistake: lere to send oa s to promote f of one of seli States, to ascertain the best spot for his purposes; he would probably hang about large cities, where employment is as difficult to find as it is in England, or if he should settle upon some country district he must lodge in hotels, and when successful in finding employment, it might only be of a temporary nature, or with undesirable comrades or acquaintances ; and even if the consequences were not demoralising, the diffi,culties and expense would he very considerable.^ Of course, when experienced in colonial farm life, it would be easy enough to find suitable places, but it is at the commencement that help and guidance are of so much value ; and exp" rience shows that parents are safer in paying a charge which ensures a suitable position, for a certain term, on the arrival of their sons, than in sending them out in a haphazard manner to seek homes for them- selves. A strong confirmation of this view is to be found in the fact that parents who have sent their sons out under our care have, after a fair trial, sent other sons also through our agency. r's mind, Wh btedly true tha Mr. Craig, M.P., writes, 28th December, 1883 :— ** Dear Sirs, — 1 have read the enclosed letters, cut from the * Times ' and the * Standard/ written by Geo. Aitkens, Church of England Missionary, and C. P. Drake. " I do not know whether you have taken any notice of them through the press, but they are entirely contrary to my experience in relation to yourselves, through whom I placed my son to learn farming in America. " When I arranged with you fifteen months ago to send my son to a respectable farmer in Kentucky, to be employed in such a way as would secure his becoming acquainted with American farming, and enjoying the privileges of a comfortable and respectable home, I did not doubt that you would discharge faithfully the duties for which I paid the premium, tain, teTn/porarM « I had, of course, made very careful inquiry into your position, ig any premiurl and ascertained pretty fully the connections you had in America, and for beina so that at our interview I felt assured that I might safely entr ust ' 'vol • but tlii^*'^ ^^^ with you to arrange for his being properly attended to. arriva , ■ „ j ^^^j ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ yourselves to state that I have never pro- hey nave iriena| jHQ^gy f^j, q^q education of any one of my sons which has been paid . then of coursl necessary. it advice, in thi • See p. 40, W. H. C. B 18 r « 4 i. ih Hi! ductive of more satisfactory results than that paid to you. There has bee'n everything done for him tliat it was possible for a parent to do possessing an intimate knowledj^o of the country, and aftt;r the expiration of the twelve months, when you were in no way bound to give further assistance, he was furnished with such helps by your agents as will, I believe, ensure his future progress. " It is of little valu e to write such letters as those referred to on such a subject. All I can say is, that if I had other sons desirous of following the same pursuit, 1 should have no hesitation in placing them as you might d irect, and pay the premium, subject to the conditions and regulations which have proved so satisfactory in the case referred to. •* What is really required by those desirous of going to America or Canada is employment with some farmer of respectability, and I know of ao better method than that pursued by your firm, who stake their reputation upon the faithfulness with which they discharge their obligations. " I may say in conclusion that I feel very grateful to you for what you have done for my son, at a cost which I deem moderate, arid should you refer any one to me I shall be pleased to state my experience to the effect herein expressed. " Yours faithfully, " (Signed) W. Y. CRAIG." " Messrs. Ford, Eathbone and Co." " To Messrs. Ford, Kathbone and Co. " Kew, January 4. 1884. " Dear Sirs, — After the very satisfactory way you have arranged matters for my son in Minnesota, U.S.A., I can do no less than write and thank you. In every way you have acted up to your engagements and how satisfactory the result has been may be fudged of by the fact, that for a total outlay of about £120, which included his passage and outfit, he is now earning his own liveli- hood, and is well and happy. •*'I was much struck by the kindness of Mr. Eathbone of your firm, who, during his recent sojourn in America, went to see the lad. This he was in no way bound to do, and it showed how anxious you eve for good results in every case you undertake. " My son seems to like the life, but he is not afraid of work, and as you say in your prospectus, those who are should not go. With best wishes, " I remain. Dear Sirs, " Yours faithfully, *'E. MONEY, Lt.-Colonel." ^•iponsi- f The farmers vary in style and education; they arc bility of generally freeholders and independent of criticism. Terms J^® of employment on Western farms arc made the subject of iiiill 19 3 you. Theiv 'or a parent to and at'Uir the no way bound uch helps by rress. •se referred to v Rons desirous tion in placing lubject to the jatisfactory in | n^'to America ectability, and jrour firm, who h which they f ul to you for eem moderate, ed to state my >> CRAIG. ry 4. 1884. I have arranged lo no less than ited up to your ;8 been may be Dut £120, which r his own liveli- athbone of your went to see the it showed how undertake. afraid of work, e should not go. ,t.-Colonel/' ion; tliey arc ticism. Terms 5 the subject of a close bargain, in which the most cxperioncefl parties fare the best. Our experience of farmers, whether native or naturalised, proves the need of intervention and of super- vision on behalf of young Knglislimen. The .est farnici's can only be ascertained by careful inquiry, whicli involves inspection and an expense of time and money. In undertaking this selection we aim at saving the pupil delay and expense. Direct intercoume with bjtii farmers and pK/iiis, and permnal e.ramination of quarters, niah/e us to speak with effi'ct to all partieif. The pupils are placed on the best farms in permanent quarters on the same basis as the farmers' sons, and are rendered independent of the clumges which affect labourers, by special agreements entered into in all cases by the farmer to give board as well as monthly pay and a separate room. Such an inspection could l . « be made with discrimina- tion, and superintendence could not be maintained in many different districts, were we merely commissioned by the farmers to engage and interview the pupils. The charge paid by the pupil is intended to cover the expense of obtaining authentic information on all points and executing the engagement set out on page 4 (supra), and it is an insurance against risk. It should be understood also that the interest Messrs. interest Ford, Rathbo -e and Co. take in their pupils does not cease taken. I upon their settlement on suitable farms ;-'' they are kept informed of, and report on, their progress, and endeavour afford the pupils every advice and assistance. The first few months on a farm is probably the most trying time of all, and pupils are requested, as soon as possible after arrival, to rite their views, fully and freely, about the living and the ork, to assist our judgment, and to show whether the best rrangements under the circumstances have been made : so hat if for any reason a change seems necessary (as will some- Change of imes happen even where the greatest care lias been taken Farm, n selection), it may be made without delay, under proper nstructions, and before the contract is closed with the * See p. 32. B ^ Qualiflca tions for Bucoess. ■m '■{■ 9 .' I.. . I 1 20 fartnei*. in ani/ case of n the fa lollars a las pron ►"^.other i.'id brou Always g p three find to fis five me lie harv bar a la If boatin cpert. do not ■ rell, exc< 33 houso and its ajjonts in America. I was vory fflad that I could Ontario. truthfully report that you had acted towards my son honestly, [honourably, and kindly." Again, January 5tli, 1883 : '• I beg to thank you for your kind letter of yesterday and for Itho information it convoyed to me. J Iwnv every ten days from Juiy son. He writes in jjfood health and "^piritH, and ho lias always Ifoimd Mr. P friendly and pleasant. 1 havi; tlie impression, lowever, that he will not remain in Canada, l)ut I am sure that lis sojourn there has in several respects done him good. Ho jujoys his work, he enjoys Mr. P 's house, and he enjoys )leasant society at O ." H. J. 0., July 8th, 1882 : " B says they are all very kind to him at Mr. A 's, and Wisconsin likes the lite very much. He speaks of the people he meets as ':»eingmuch better educated than he expected to tind them." C. E. F., July 20th, 1882 : " He writes in excellent spirits, and says : — ' I think this life Ontario. rill suit me down to the ground. I could not be under a bott^ir lan than the young K ; he is an exceptionally good fellow. ''^e have good food, and plenty of it.' " H. T. M. K., August 30th, 1882 : " I have heard frequently from my son in Ontario. He writes Ontario. In good spirits, and enjoys the life he is leading. He says : 'The [vovk at this time of the year is iiaid ; ' but ilieu he aous more phau Mr. P expects from him, and is detcn'inined that he will lake himself thoroughly useful, and not be outdone by any one \>n the farm. He also says : ' Mr. P is now giving me twenty iollars a month, -srhich is to continue through the summer, iwid las promised me t u dollars a month through the winter.' In linother letter, received about a fortnight ago, ho says : ' I wish I I. id brought out a gnn or rifle and some fishing- tackle, as P- iilways goes out for a hunting excursion in the tall for a fortnight •r three weeks, and he is going to take me with liim to shoot deer |ud to fish, so I must get a riue somehow. P- also hopes to five me a chance of meeting with l)eai\s and a few wolves after lie harvest.' My son likes the country very much, and. being liear a lake, he enjoys the opportunity, Avhich he occasiouiilly has, |f boating and swimming, in both of which exercises he is an cpert. He further says: ' 1 have been here just two montlis, and do not think that any other life would really have suited me s,o rell, except the army.' " C 34 ■ ■ 1 ■ : ,4 w Ontario Ontario. Again, Marcli 4th, lH8o : "MyBonhaK now had nearly t«m months' experienco on the farm in Ontario, on which you pliicod liim. Yon will bo ^lad to hear that ho is >i;etting on famously, and thoroujrhly enjoys th»' life ho is leading;, lie can turn his hand to anythin}^. Ho seo'us to excel in plou-^hinj^ and throshin^,^, and ho has the care of tin; horses, cows, shoop, and pij^s, so 1 tliiuk ho is loai'ninj^ the busi- ness of a Canadian farmer well. Mo speaks with gratitude of tli" kindness of Mr. and Mrs. P , and the j^ood care they take ot him. The life agrees with him remarkably well, and exactly suits him, so much so that he says he would not exchange it for any other, 'i'he past winter has been unusually cold in Ontario; colder than has been known there for fifty years, the thcjrmometor | having been 14^' Iselow zero in the neighbourhood of K Lake. where my son is, but ho has not sutt'erodfrom it at all. Mr. P 'si house is very comfortable and well built. My son likes the place so well that he wdl probably remain there another year before | taking land on his own account. "1 had a nice letter from Mr. V last month, in which lie I expresses entire satisfaction with my son's conduct; the admir- able way in which he has taken in hand all kinds of farm work ;[ and the interest he takes in everything relating to Canadian farm- ing. He has no doubt that my son will be a successful farmer. " Thanking your firm for your advice and assistan-je in the matter." L. C. E. P. writes, September 6th, 1882 : " I have much pleasure in saying that I am perfectly happy and comfortable, and in every way satisfied. I have a very nice room and comfortable bed, etc. With regard to instruction, I am able to say it has been given to . in a polite and painstakind way. The usual time of getting ap in the morning is five o'clock, One generally gets about one hour and a half rest at noon, going out to work again about one till five, when you have supper, from which you go straight to work again till a,bout sundown, when the horses and other animals have to be fed, etc. " This is a first-rate life for a young fellow to lead if he is| strong and throws himself right into the work." We have permission to insert the following, which was! written by the parent of a pupil in Ontario, to another! seeking information : • " 28th Oct., 1882. " Dear Sir, — I have received a great number of letters frouij parents anxious to settle their sons since my second son went toj Canada in July last, and the same answer may be given in every] case. You cannot do better than follow the advice given in the| 85 once on tho I be ^lad to f enjoys tlu^ ;. Ho scp'ns care of tin; a^ tbe busi- ,titu(le of til" they take ot exactly suits re it for any in Ontario; th(!rmometor K Lake. . Mr. P 's kea the pliict' L- year before , in which he , ; the admir- t' farm work ; madian f arui- ! Eul farmer, stance in the rfectly happy ve a very nice truction, I am d painstakind is five o'clock, at noon, going a supper, from 3wn, when the I lead if he is by the American (,V)loni8ati(m Company, rou to the oJKoe in Finsliury Pavement D' littlp pamphlet published and take your sou with y( and trtlk the matter over with the people tlu're. My son in with a farmer in Ontar'c), a Scotchman and tliorou^^h peutleman. He and my son j^fot on capitally. My son likes the litV. and is already- laying by money ; not much, tis 'true, but enough to show that the lib' pays, besides being very enjoyable. Now this farmer's name was given to mo by Mr. , the tirnt th.it canu' to hand on his list, with the information that another pu])il had declined to go there, because the boy thought the pla(!e was too far from a town. Mv son went there, and, as he says in his letters, * has fallen on his legs and no mistake.' Another pupil went to the same part with his father, and when the time <;ame for the father to return, the young gentleman prevailed on his father to bring him Imck to England. 1 give yoa these two instances to show that my son seems to have succeeded where two others failed, and my own experience of more than thirty years out of England, in India and the colonies, goes to prove the same, that it depends entirely on the young men themselves whether they get on or not in the colonies. We hear every fortnight from my son, who ploughs, drives home cattle, milks cows, and looks after horses and pigs, and works with the farmer like our farm lal)ourers in England, and probably much harder, and yet finds time to write long and amusing letters to us, and he and the farmer turn out like gentlemen on Sunday, and go to their respective churches. If young men are steady and not afraid of work, they will succeed, but if they loaf about and take a lot of money out with them, they get into a bad way very soon. ** Yours faithfully, " G. H. G., Esq." (Signed) " W. H. S., Major-General." "P.S. — We send our son the county paper every week, and he is only four miles from a town, so I think his two predecessors were rather easily daunted.'* Mrs. B., mother of F. K. B., quoted above, January Tith, 1883 : *• I am glad to ttiU you that my son writes quite cheerfully and Ontario. contentedly, appearing fully satisfied with all the arrangements you and your agents made for him. Mr. and Mrs. W seem which was! to anothei'B nice, kind people, with whom he anticipates getting on famously." ,h Oct., 1882. )f letters froml id son went tol given in everyl e given in thel J. H., January 16th, 1883 : " I thank you very much for your satisfactory letter relating Ontario. to my son William H . I have been for some time in corres- pondence with Mr. N about his remaining at his farm another year, and we have made arrangements for him to do so." c2 86 F. W., January 30th, 1883, respecting J. T. W., quoted below : Wisconsin *' i must ngain. assure yon of my entire satisfaction with all yoi "have done for him." C. F. T., February, 1883 : Iowa. '^ I get up at five in the moruin-?, and, as a rule, go to bed at about eight. The work, of course, is hard to one at first, but I shall soon get over that; the food I get here is excellent, far from what 1 expected, and mj'^ bed is just as good as 1 had at home. I have now been here long enough to know that every young fellow who comes over here, and has made up his mind to work, can get on, but he must equal himself with every one. I am afraid I have no more to say, except I must thanlc you for having placed me in such a comfortable home." M. T., February 2nd, 1883, respecting the same pupil : " He sends long and amusing accounts of his new life, and is most thoroughly happy and contented. He quite appreciates the advantage of being with so nice a family, and speaks of the I s with affection and respect." "W. Y. C, also quoted above, February 20bh, 1883 : Kentucky, " I only came to town a fcAv daj's ago, and as soon as I could spare an hour I had intended calling upon you to thank you for the very satisfactory arrangements you made for my son in Kentucky. " My son writes in excellent spirits, and likes the work exceed- ingly. He is very happy, and speaks of Mr. and Mrs. in the highest terms. " He is a very clever and tah-n"' ed lad, full of romance, and nothing will more condiice to his future prosperity and well-being than plenty of good hard and useful work. He seems very deter, mined to learn the work and become a first-class farmer." The following was received from Mrs. S. C, quoted above, on being informed that lier son had formed an engagement with a farmer for bis second year on improved terms ; dated 9th April, 1883 : Wisconsin " Thanks for your letter received yesterday telling me of the engagement made by my son with Mr E . I had heard from him that it was likely to b^\ He writes cheerfully, likes his work, and speaks very highly of the kindnesr, and attention of your agent, Major M ** Thanking you very much for the satisfactory manner in ]1i- lory manner m 37 which you have carried out iiU you undertook to do for my boy, and wishing you success with other clients," etc. Mrs. H., alluded to above, who has sent out two sons to Minnesota Wisconsin and Minnesoca, writes, April 12th, 1883 : " Johnny wrote that hci had written to his l)rother to ask if Wisconsin there was an opening- for him in Minnesota, and what Jim was cfoinsj: to do. Jim wrote to me a short time ao;o and said he should g-ot $20 a month, for he was able to do all sorts of work and was as strong as the run of men. He liked the farm work> so had declined the offer of a place in a store. Johnny has always spoken in the highest terms of Major M ^'s kindness when he had seen him, and also that he has frequently received newspapers from him, which is an exceeding great kindness. It is an inestimable boon that some one will care for the young lads in a strange land." S. M., 10th May, 1883 : " I have to thank you for the good selection of farmers you Minnesota have made for me and B . I am very happy here indeed, and like the work and my new life very much. Mr. G is very kind to me and we get on very well togethev." Professor M. (father of above), May 14th, 1884: " You may rely on my being at all times ready to do what little I |can by way or" showing my sense of your kindness to my two boys." J. C. G. writes, May 11th, 1883 : " I find that with M . W. W 1 am very comfortable, and Wisconsin lat he and his wife are very kind and do all they can to make me feel as much at home as possible. Indeed I don't think I could 3e more comfortably placed. I should certainly like now tv • 3om- jlete the arrangements for my stay with him (Mr. W ) for the twelve months. I find the work seems to suit me vny well, and I lay say I like the life very much." W. G., his brother, writes : "I agree with the above as applies to Mr. W. J. W " [the brother of Mr. W. W ), " with whom 1 am jdaccd." H. J. writes from I^ebraska, Juno, 1883 : " Just a line to say I am very pleased with the farm Mr. H Nebraska. |as selected for me. I think it is the best for some miles, Mr. and [vs. B being particularly kind, making me as comfortable as I )uld wish. I often see Mr. H , who is very kind in arranging id seeing to things I require. I am not [at^all sorry I came out 3re." • ' " , dd R. L. W., June, 1883 : Nebraika. '* I have delayed writing to you until I became thoroughly acquainted with this country. Of course, at first things seemed very strange, as one has to do a certain amount of roughing it. This I soon got over, and am now h >come acclimatised, and am really pleased both with this State and also with the location you chose for me. B is, as you can imagine, an extremely uncouth man, being the first to settle in this valley, but at the same time he is a first-rate farmer and a good judge of cattle and a wonderfully friendly sort of fellow in his way. He has done everything to suit me as far as he is able. This, so far as I can learn, is the condition of most of the pupils in this neighbourhood. I see K very frequently, and he is getting on very well now, although at first he was not very contented ; and, quite naturally, one coming from civilisation would think this very awful, but after a month or so all this wears off. Certainly the climate out here is most healthy and invigorating. Mr. H is a thorough English- man, and so seems to know what one requires, and seems alvvays ready to put everything straight whenever any difficulty arises. In conclusion I may say that I am perfectly contented with B , his farm, and the country generally, and propose to settle out here." Dr. H. 0. writes, June 28th, 1883 : " My son tells me he is very happy in M , and speaks in the highest terms of that ' worthy man,' Mr. C , whom he reveres. The prospect you held out to me when I sent my son out to America | has, I freely and gratefully acknowledge, been realised already, although he has been only a short time there ; and I think I may i venture to say that by his industry and fidelity to his employer, and the employer's kindness to him, he is laying the foundation | of future success." E. Y. writes, June 24th, 1883, from Manitoba : Manitoba. " I like C and his wife very much, and I have no doubt I shall get on well. I am getting great at milking cows. I am going to grow some celery for him if I can get the plants, so if you come up this way you can bring some up," etc., etc. Mr. M. H. Y., brother to Mr. E. Y., writes to ourselveu, July 16th : " I have just received a letter from my brother, in which he speaks very well of both Mr. and Mrs. C , and says they m&h him very comfortable. He appears to like his new occupation," etc., etc. H. T. C. writes, July 1st, to ourselves : Ksntuoky. " I am much pleased with the farm and people that you placei Wisconsin 89 me on, and I would not change for any other farm in the county. I am getting used to hard work, and like the life well, and I shall certainly advise any friends who may desire to come out here to apply to you ; in fact I have written by the same mail as this letter goes by to a friend who expressed a wish to come out to the States to apply at once to you if he still wishes to come out. Please use this letter in any way you think fit, if it will be any good to you," etc. Mrs. 0. (mother of above), January 1st, 1884 : " He has a most comfortable home with nice people, and has received a small salary from the first. His letters are cheerful and happy, and he seems thoroughly to enjoy the life." J. Gr. G. writes, August 12th, 1888 : " I came on this farm on the 28th of March last. The name of Ontario. the farmer is D. S . His brother J. S-^^ — farms with him also. I think they are both very nice young men, and they treat me like one of themselves." Mrs. G-. writes, August 17th, 1883 : " I am much obliged by your letters telling me of my son, and Iowa. it will also be a satisfaction to you to know I have heard from him, and he tells me he does not think he could be more comfortably placed. " I must thank you for your kindness and courtesy to myself and also for the arrangements you made for my son, which enabled him to travel so comfortably and safely." R. P. H. writes, August 23rd, 1883 : " My son has always spoken in high terms of Mr. F , and, Wisconsin though he has had a year of hard work, he feels that he has acquired a good practical knowledge of farming operations, which I hope he will turn to good account." Mrs. Y. writes, August 24th, 1883 : " I am much pleased to have so favourable a report of my son Manitoba. E , and also to tell you that in his letters home he has always I %, ihat you placet written cheerfully and appears contented and happy. H. B. S. writes, August 31st, 1883 : "... received a very satisfactory letter from my brother Ontario. (Mr. F. W. B. S ) from the farm, in which he speaks highly of the farm, farmer and neighbourhood." Mrs. E. R. P. writes, 3rd October, 1883 : " T have letters from my son ; he tells me he is quite happy, Kentucky. .'t 40 that he finds Mr.L a 'jovial old fellow' and his sons nice boys. He appears to like the work, and tells me there are 150 horses and 75 mules on the property. I am greatly comforted to have so cheering a letter, for I feared he might find the work irksome, if not very hard." And again, December 4th, 1883 : " Pray accept my thanks for the kindness and trouble you have taken in placing my son so satisfactorily. I have every reason to be pleased with the result. And again, on January I7tli, 1864 : " I have the most satisfactory and happy letters from son, and I am sure I should be glad in any way to bear testimony to your kind oifices in placing him." R F. F. writes, October 4th, 1883, to our agent : Kentucky " T am still very satisfied with the farm you have placed me on, and like the life very much." W. H. C. writes, May 14th, 1884, from Iowa : Iowa, " I have been asked by various people again and again why we don't come out here ' on our own hook/ and save a certain amount of money by hiring ourselves to some farmer ? My answer always has been that the experience we gain repays tenfold any expense. " To begin with, if an Englishman comes out here to hire himself on a farm, he probably will have to wait about a month or more if there is no one he knows to go to ; then supposing he does hire himself to a farmer, hi-: pay for the first few months will cer- tainly be no more than he gets by means of this Agency, and probably not so much, and the farmer is certain to make him act as the errand-boy for all the hands. " But the chief a,rgument, it seems to me, in favour of this Agency is that the farmer, whose farm he has not had the trouble and delay of finding for himself, will always treat him with a certain amount of respect — in fact, on all the farms where I've seen English boys, and certainly on my own, we have been treated as members of the family. " The monthly pay I've found to be ample for everything, pro- vided everything sufiicient for winter is brought from home, and his experience is worth three or four bonuses. " And, lastly, let me add that Englishmen coming here could not find kinder people than your agents, or more careful over our interests ; and, for myself, I shall never forget their kindness and hospitality to me." The Rev. T. C. C, his father, wrote, 2nd June, 1884 ' " I am glad that my son wrote to you, expressing his thanks. Iowa 41 I think he has every reason to be satisfied with the manner in wliich you carried out what you undertook for him." Mr. C. S. writes, October 8tli, 1883 : " I am glad to state that the reports I get from my son are Ontario. first-rate. He likes the farmer and his wife, etc. He seems to have made a trouble of nothing, and has buckled to work with a will." R. F. S. writes, October 23, 1883 : " I desire especially on my own part to express my entire Ontario. satisfaction with all the negotiations that have passed between yoiu-selves and myself. I have from first to last been treated with candour, courtesy and consideration, greater even than I could have expected, and I feel confident that your Company would have carried out to its entirety the contract (which I freely entered into after making many inquiries and being perfectly satisfi3d with the results), had not my son's sudden attack of illness unfortunately necessitated his return to England for a while. " I do not know what we should have done but for the Company and its agents abroad when my son's illness occurred, and I beg to tender you my best thanks for the kind interest you have taken in arranging for his medical treatment, and for obtaining information so speedily, and for providing in advance the necessary funds for his care and for his passage back to England." J. E. A. writes from Ontario, October 28tli, 1883 : "Canada seems to me very like the old country, and my ideas Ontario, of having to rough it have been by no means realised. I have not felt the least bit homesick, and have not the slightest wish to return home. " I have found your agents kindness itself, and your arrange- I ments most complete." H. H. writes, October 29th, 1883, from Nebraska : " As I have purchased the farm on which I have been placed, Nebraska. and intend starting for myself next spring, I shall conseciuently require a good many things from England, and should be much obliged if you would inform Mrs. H i i to the best way of I sending things out here, and if you would also give her any other [instructions as to packing, etc. I am much pleased with the [country, and hs^ve been purchasing stock, and intend to go in iBolely for cattle and hogs, as there is an almost unbounded range ^ip here. Mr. P is, I think, now content, though somewhat Unsettled at first. I think, from all accounts, that this seems the est part of Central Nebraska,, and all land in this county is bought 42 up and is selling high. Any time that any of your firm are ir this part of the world, I hope you will make my house your tern. porary home." The Rev. G. C. writes, October Slst, 1883: Qaebee. " I am obliged to go out to-day or I should have written to thank you for the very satisfactory letter respecting my son. On Monday evening we received a long letter from him exactly to the same effect. He expresses himself quite pleased and happy, and I doubt not will continue to be so." Again, February 21st, 1884 : Ontario. " Indeed we are so satisfied that we have spoken very favour- ably of your firm to several parties, and have advised the sendinfj; of their sons in the same way." Mrs. L. S. writes, November 7th, 1883 : Ontario. " 1 frequently hear from him, and he seems very happy, and likes the life in Canada very much." F. G. H. B. writes, November 17th, 1883, after two years' experience as a pupil in Wisconsin : Wisconein " I arrived home safely on the 29th of October, after a very pleasant though rather long voyage. I expect to be in town either next week or the week after, and will then call on you. I can only say now, after nearly two years' experience, that I havf never regretted going under your system, and only wish I had gone sooner." F. H. H. writes, December, 1883 : Minnesota " If you happen to be writing to Ford, Eathbone & Co., you can tell them that I am exceedingly pleased with all the arrange- ments they have made. They made me think that the life here [ would be rougher than it really is. Mr. C makes a splendid agent, as he looks me up from time to time, although I am thirty- 1 five miles from him." W. J. P. writes from Kentucky, December 1st, 1883 : Kentucky. " i am almost as comfortable with Mr. J as I should be at home. Of course the 'iving is totally different, but as far as kind- ness goes I have nothing to complain of. Mr. J—— is a very considerate man, and does not expect from me any more than I can do. With regard to the work, I found it rather hard at first, but I am getting quite accustomed to it by this time. On the whole I like farming very well. My friends the other English- men out here are, I think, very comfortable." i ry happy, and 43 J. J. W. writes from Wisconsin, December 4th, 1883 : " Just a line to you to say how I am getting on. My year Wisconsin with Mr. C was up on September 3(»th, but I made arrange- ments with Mr. C to stay with him for two months longer for 18 dollars per month. I have great pleasure in writing you that since I have befen in the States I have met with nothing but kind- ness, and the people I am with have treated me with nothing but kindness, in fact as well as one of their own children ; and though American manners and Western customs are very different to ours in England, still I am getting used to them now. Before I came out here i was in Otago, New Zealand, and I must say that I prefer the States to any one of the Australian Colonies. I am sure that if the other fellows have had as good a place as I have had that they can have nothing to complain of. I intend to stay here the greater part of the winter, and in the beginning of next year to go through the northern part of this State to Minnesota, and I hope, if all is well, to be able to pay a short visit to England next winter, and then I expect my mother to return to the States with me. I cannot close without saying a word for your agent, who I and everybody I have seen 6 ay * he is the right man in the right place.' I don't think any one could treat us better or more kindly." Mrs. C. writes, December 23rd : *- it is a great comfort to us to know that he is so well placed ; Kentucky all his letters to us have been in a thoroughly contented, happy strain." Mrs. T. writes respecting her son in Nebraska, May 2nd, 1884 : " We have received two letters from my son since he arrived at Nebraska. G . In both of them he speaks most highly of the kindness of Mr. A and family. He says they are all very anxious to assist him in learning his work. The farm and farmhouse are the best anywhere about, with good cattle and horses. " I must thank you for your kind courtesy in letting us know of my son'o arrival and for the very satisfactory manner in which all the arrangements made by your firm have been carried out, and wish you all success in the future." And again, June 30th, 1884 : " We have letters from him every fortnight. He continues to apeak cheerfully of his work, which, of course, aa he expected, is very hard, but he says he is very comfortable and he is twice the man for health that he was." Nebraska. Missouri. Iowa. Ontario. 44. And again writes, December 3rd, 1884, respecting her | son in Nebraska " Ho was settled there .and was very comfortable. He has <,'ot his health wonderfully and is twice the man he was, and the climate is lovely. " With best wishes for the success of your Company." And again, '27tli April, 1885 : "We have letters every fortnijj^ht from him. Ho is well aud very happy with the Messrs. J. , with whom he purposes remaining some time longer." The Rev. J. B. writes, 5th May, 1884, respecting his son in Missouri : " I beg to thank you for your letter, which gives me much pleasiire. " I have always received very satisfactory reports from my son as to the comfortable quarters in which he is placed with Mr. McC , and I am glad to hear that Mr. McC is also pleased with the boy's conduct and progress." Lieutenant-Colonel C writes. May 21st, 1884 : " I must thank you for the trouble you have taken in selecting such a good farm for the lad ; he speaks highly in a letter to me of the kindness shown him both by Mr. and Mrs. B . " I think you have very accurately described the work, the kind of food, and the life generally a boy has to lead who selects American farming as a means of livelihood, and it is his own fault if he does not succeed. " I shall be happy to recommend your firm to any parents who may be desirous of sending a son to learn farming in America or the Colonies." Mrs. C. writes, 9th June, 1884 : My son has got on very well with Mr. P- -. He has worked the farm chiefly himself, and feels quite capable of starting for himself at the end of the year, " He is in very good health and spirits, has thrown himself entirely into his work, and is now eagerly looking forward to the time when he can begin work for himself." And again, October 1st, 1884 : " He is fairly embarked now, under the guiding hand and advice of Mr. B , whom he co? Jts on all points of business." Am "My I Btock uo-| An( "Wei Barnest, MrsI "Thi iBO lately [quite sal respects Mr. 11884 : "lai {bought a A. ( "I a lave reci Mr. "Ito from my Ithing at Ime." Mr. "Ma [son, wh< jetay wit Adi "I 1 lat Mr. ] JBatisfied hikes M] Iwill sue Mri "II iBons sir 46 Jspecting her I ^""^ ^^'''''' ^^^^' I^'ebruary, 1885 : . Ho h.is j,'ot was, and the " My boy there is getting on capitally, lla has his farm and stock now, and Mr. B writer that he will make a fine fanner." And again, 26th Marcli, 1885 : " We get excellent accounts from my son, who is farming in Biirnest, and very cheerful over it all." e is well and I ^^^^' ^' ^^'^^^^' '^^"^0 10th, 1884: he purposes | " Three letters have been received from them ; the la'it arrived Iowa. BO lately as the 16th inst., and in all they expressed themselves —quite satisfied with the arrangements niiide, and appear in all jpectmg his ■respects to be happy and contented." es me much from my son led with Mr. also pleased 4; in selectintr Mr. A. C. B. wiites, respecting an old pupil, June 16th, 11884 : "I am glad to say my brother is doing very well, and has now Wisconsin Ibought a farm of his own, and working it with great success." A. C. A. writes from Tasmania, June 17th, 1884 : " I am very pleased with the work and with the treatment I Tasmania. lave received." tter to me of I ^^- ^' '^' ^' ^^i*^«' *^^^® ^^*^' ^^^^ )rk, the kind who selects is own fault jarents who America or has worked tarting for vn himself ard to the and advice ps." " It occurs to me, whilst writing to you, to say that in every letter Ontario [from my son he e^^presses nought but entire satisfaction with every- jthing at Mr. H 's farm. No complaint of any sort has reached |me." Mr. C. C. writes, June 18th, 1884 : " Many thanks for your letters. I have received one from my Ontario. Ison, who seems perfectly happy, and thinks it would be best to Istay with the same parties for another year." Admiral M. writes, October 4th, 1884 : " I have received two letters from my son since he has arrived Virginia. jat Mr. M 's, in both of which he expresses himself as highly jsatisfied with everything, and is delighted with the country. He jlikes Mr. and Mrs. M very much, and feels confident that he [will succeed and be very happy." Mrs. W. writes; October 6th, 1884 : Ontario " I have read through all the letters I have received from my and [sons since they arrived in America, and there is not a single com- Virginia. 4 46 plaint of any kind in on<; of thoui ; on the contrary, they loth speak most hijjfhly of their comfortable homes and the great kind- ness of their employers. I only hope they are as well satisfied with Ihem. I have just heard from Taonel — he says he hopes Mrs. C will return, she is such a charminjjf person. It is a great comfort | to me to hear he koops his health so well. He strongly urges my going out and settling there l)y-and-by. " Thanking you for your kind letter and interest in my sons." IT. C. F. writes from Tasmania, October, 1884 : Tasmania. " Your agent has asked me to state a few of my opinions regarding Tasmania, its climate, the prospects for young men coming out from England to start for themselves, etc., etc. " 1 have now been nearly 12 months here, and have endea- voured to make myself acquainted with all the details of bush farming. The climate suits me exactly, and I have enjoyed the best of health. If a man is not frightened of hard work, a rough but happy life, and a moderate return for the capital invested, I think he cannot do better than try his fortune here. " The soil is very rich, abundance of water, and suitable for growing almost anything. I am about starting for myself with a small capital, and have every hope by perseverance and with God's blessing to do well. Of course everybody meets with a few reverses at first, but let them not be cast down, for all about here have gone through a great deal, but have triumphed in the end, as their land will show. In conclusion, I may say I have met with every assistance, great kindness and good advice from your agent." E. L. R. writes, October 1st, 1884, regarding his posi- tion in Tasmania : Tasmania, ** 1 do not suppose that anyone can complain of lack of hos- pitality in Tasmania. The more I see of this colony the more I like it, and the only thing I cannot understand is that so few young fellows like myself come out here. To say anything about Tasmania is a mere fallacy, as one cannot say too much about it. but there appears to be a great deal of ignorance at home in reference to its position. The people about here are very kind ; in fact their homes are as good as my own, for I walk in when I please.' ' And Mrs. O'X. writes, January 1st, 1885, respecting her brother, E. L. R., in Tasmania : Tasmania. " He writes saying that he likes Mr. D very much, and is very comfortable altogether." A. W. N. T. writes from Virginia, November 3rd, 1884 : Virginia. «' In reply to your letter which I received at B , I have now 47 iry, they loth| he great kind- 1 satisfied witli pes Mrs. C- — . great comfort I ngly urges my | in my sons." 84: : my opinions >r youug men be, etc. i have endea. etails of bush B enjoyed the work, a rough >ital invested, e. i suitable for myself with a md with God's 3 with a few ill about here . in the end, as ave met with Q your agent." Qg his posi- lack of lies- lythe more I that so few ything about uch about it, at home in very kind ; in Ik in when I ispecting her much, and is ■ 3rd, 1884 : -, I have now hm-n with Mr. C at S over a week. T am very much i)leaR«'d with i\w farm, and I am very much o})Hgod to you for th»' trouble you took to make me so comfortable. Mr C has been very good indeed tome, and has made me extremely comfortaMe. Mr. W is a very nice young fellow. Mr. C has introduced me to Mr. M , who lives close to us ; he has a very nice farm and house, aud Mrs. M is very nice. I believe they take pupils, and I aiu sure that anyone who gets to Mr. C 's or Mr. M 's could not wish for anything better. Thanking you again for all your kindness." Mrs. T. writes, November 9th, 1884, regarding her son in Virginia : " I heard to-day from my son ; he is extremely pleased with Virginia. B H , and says Mr. C is most kind and nice to him ; he is very happy altogether." And again, April 25th, 1885 : " When last I heard, thirteen days ago, Mr. T was well and happy, and continues much pleased with his home." H. M. M. writes from Tasmania, November 11th, 1884 : ** My present duty at the home I am at is to get up at 5 or 5.30., Tasmania milk the cows and feed them ; breakfast ; then paddock or field duty till ] 2.30 ; dinner ; more paddock work until 5, then milk- ing and sometimes farm butchery till 7 or 8. By this time we are pretty well tired out, but if there is a good moon, we go out shooting opossums and sell the skins." Mrs. A., November 12th, 1884, writes res23ecting her son, A. C. A., quoted above : " My son always writes that he is quite satisfied with his work, Tasmania Mr. C ," etc. Mrs. L. writes, respecting her son in Ontario, November nth, 1884 : "I hear from him frequently, and he seems contented, but it is Oatario. certainly a very rough and uncultivated life for a gentleman, and very hard work." W. J. P. writes, Virginia, November 17th, 1884 : '* We, i.e. Frank and I, have to be down at the farm at a.m. Virginia. when it is perfectly dark ; we have breakfast at 8, and dinner at 1 ; supper at 6. We have meat at every meal and are fed very well ■I 1 Iowa. Virginia. 48 indeed, though a hit ronp;hly, which 1 like. GUI Mr. D is a thoiouf^hly uice man, and I am vory happy here. You might tell Mr. Rathhono that 1 like it very much." And again, April Otli, 1B85 : "I have beou at Mr. D 's now nearly six months; while here 1 have Vteei? trt-atod with every kindness, and been made very oomfortahle indeed. I like the lite lun-e, and have not had au hour's illness since I have been here, and as a doctor (P S ) said before I came out that I had a slight palpitation of the heart, it will say something fr)r the climate. •• Thanks for the trou>)le you have taken about mo.** MisH S. writes, November 10th, 1884, respecting her nephew in Iowa, who went out in July, 1883: " I am thankful to say I have good accounts from him. Ho is still with Mr. D ." General P., November 27th; 1884 : " I continue to receive happy letters trom my son Gerald ; he is delighted with his home ; likes Mr. and Mrs. M very much." And again, January 6th, 1885 : - ■ Virginia ' We constantly hear from Gerald (who is in Virginia) ; his and letters are very satisfactory, and he seems happy. Nebraska. " Arthur also writes cheerfully from Nebraska, but his life seems a hard one However, he does not Gonai>lain." And again, 17th March, 1885 : " My son seems very happy ; he went to stay a couple of days with Captain and Mrs. H for a ball. He rode over." Mr. Y. writes, December 5th, 1884, respecting his broth' i', who had completed his term as a pupil : Ontario. "We hear well of my In-other, who has recently moved to Guelph, and is quite able to look after himself." Mrs. G. writes, December 7th, 1884, respecting her son in Ontario : Ontario. " 1 continue to have good accounts from my son with regard to 49 hifl health and interest in his work. . . . ." Will you kindly Ht-nd me anothor little book, aw I have ^iveii mine away, and some trii'nds here (Major and Mrs. J ) would like to see it. I have already j^ivcn thorn your address, as I am s\ire no young man coukl go abroad under better aj;ency." )f the heart , A. C. writes, December 20tli, 1884 : " Wo have heard from my brother, and he seems both very Ontario. happy and comfortable. He says he ha« ([uite left the old country behind for ever." a him. Ho J. M. writes, December 30Hi, 1884 : " I have received a letter from my son in which he says : — Ontario. ' Everybody says I look much better and stronger, and to-day 1 have felt so. The longer 1 am here the more 1 like it, and the people are all so kind to me ; they are so nice among themselves.' As 1 feel sure this report will be as gi*atifying to you as it has proved to us, I have much pleasure in transcribing it for your perusal. The boy writes in capital spirits and will, I believe, get on. He makes no complaint of any kind, and is evidently enjoying his Canadian life." Mrs. D. writes, January 1st, 1885, respecting her son in Ontario : " We heard from our son this morning. He seems more pleased Ontario. with Canada each letter we have." T. W. writes, January 6th, 1885 : " Everything seems going on very satisfactorily. I had a Quebec. letter also from my son yesterday morning, in which he expressed himself as thankful he had come out, and felt himself twice as strong with all the cold and hard work he was going through, and the people he was with were kind to him." H. P., January 6th, 1885, quotes an extract fi'om his son's letter : *' I like my life out here very much, although I have to work Tasmania. very hard, about ten hours a day. If the pupils did not work hard it would be no gain to the farmer." : \ Ontario. 50 Colonel A. D. writes, January 7th, 1885 : *' We are much pleased to hear that my son expressecl himself to your agent as being so thoroughly satisfied with all his surround- ings, though it simply confirms what his letters have told us, and -^ve thank you sincerely for all you hare done for him and for your kind wishes on his behalf." The following extraciio are from a few of the letters written by pupils to ourselves and our local agents after their probationary term of about a month on their farms ; they are inserted to illustrate the care taken to ensure the selection of a satisfactory farm and comfortable home, a transfer being readily made by our local agents for any just reason before the contract by the farmer is finally closed, or even after the contract, though experience shows that the need for any such change is exceptional. G. W. L. B., November IGth, 1881 : Minnepota " I am perfectly satisfied with the firm I am on. Mr. G is a very nice farmer, and I like him very much indeed." Kentucky. F. C, February 16th, 1882 : "I am at Mr. S 's farm, and I think, if nothing happens, I will stay here after the month The work is not very hard ; of course it seems hard to me at present, becpuse I never did a day's work in my life, but if one takes it easy ai first one soon gets used to it. The life is one of the healthiest in thi world, and would mend any one's constitution. All the arrangements you ' ave made are good. Mr. S is a nice old gentleman, and one is sure to get on with him." Again, May 3rd, 1882 : " D has come out, and is staying on the same farm as myself. He is a very nice fellow, and we get on very well. S 's farm is about the best round here, and, both have had good luck to come here." E. S., March 5th, 1882 : fis far as I can see, we .antnckyi *'I like the place very much indeed. The farmer and his wife are very kind to me. I have decided to stay here for twelve months. I like the work, what little I have done. I am very mucli obliged to you for choosing me such a comfortable home." 51 le^ himself to lia surround- ! told us, and and for your the letters s after their arms ; they ;he selection msfer being ^ason before en after the ed for any Mr. G- y happens, I is not very I never did st one soon vv^orld, and ements you a,n, and one ae farm aG S 's can see, we ad his wife for twelve I am very ! home." T. C, son of Mrs. C, quoted above, March 31st, 1882 : " I am quite satisfied with the way I have been treated since Wisconsin I have been on Mr. C 's farm, and shall be very willing to stay durinj;^ the rest of the year upon the terms arranged I have already been here nine weeks.** II. G. B., April 10th, 1882 : " I am quite satisfied with my farm at Mr. C *s. Please Kentucky, settle the agreement for a year from March 17th, the day I went there." E. C, April 22nd, 1882 : " I am quite satisfied with the situation in which I am placed, Kentucky, and will stay with Messrs. P for a year from this date." Again, Februaiy 28th, 1883 : "I have been kindly treated by the Messrs. P . I have learnt to do everything that is required in farming, under their tuition, and will regret to leave the hospitable roof which has sheltered me during the first year of my experience In farming. It IS with pleasure I can say that your idea of sending young men out to America is a good one, for there is nothing better for a young man than to breathe the pure, fresh, country air, and join in the healthful exercise of the farm, provided he is willing to work." n, N. H., May 4th, 1882 : " I am very comfortable here, and liko the farmer very much. T "^isconiin do not think I could be better off or more contented than I am here/* And again, May 25th, 1882 : " I have the pleasure of informing you that I am thoroughly satisfied with the farm I am on, and shall stay on the same for a year." F. G. H. B., alluded to above, June 12th, 1882 : " I have now completed my mon^b's +rial with Mr. A , and Wisconsin write to say I am more than s.-itisfied with the gentleman we selected. . . He seems as well satisfiod with me as I with him and his family, who are all exceedingly kind, and willing to afford me every help and advice, I like the country, and shall no doubt D 2 :if i^' 52 ■-,i: like it better as I go on. Mr. M and Major M afforded us every assistance in their power, and we managed very well. If I may make one suggestion without interfering with your plan, I should like to ; that is, that the character of the pupils should, as far as possible, be inquired into before sending them out. . . I know a man close to here who would like to have one if he could get a nice fellow, but he is afraid he might be unlucky and get one li^re one his neighbour has. I do not mean to say that it is the rule vibh the men who come out here under your system, but quite the exception. You asked me to express my ideas freely, and I hope I shall not offend by so doing." A. B. A., June 22nd, 1882 : Wisconsin " ^ *^ perfectly well satisfied with all that has been done for m», and seem to get on all right with the farmer I am with, and shall be very glad to j/emain with him " The practice of allowing a month's trial bas always been adhered to. The following extracts are some of the more recent illustrations of the prevailing system : Iowa. Iowa. K. H. C, quoted above, writes, May 13th, 1883: " My opinion is still the same as regards this farm, and I still think you couldn't have located me on a better farm, at any rate one more suited for what I came out here for." H. A. S. de B. L. writes, May 13th, 1883 : " Many thanks for your note of the 8th instant, and in reply can only say that I am perfectly satisfied with Mr. V , and coubider him just the man whom I ought to be with to earn farming in this co^mtry," etc. C. B. de la B. writes. May 15th, 1883 : Wisconsin " ^ ^^^^ ^^®° ^^*^ ^^- ^ since the 16th April. I find I can stand the work very well, and I think I shall like farming. I am comfortably situated, and I wish to complete the agreement and stay the year." W. C. S. writes. May 21st, 1883 : Ontario. " ^ Bhall have been here a month by to-morrow, so I write to let you know that I am satisfied with the farm on which you hav« ■ afforded us well. If I your plan, I is should, as lUt. . . I ! if he could and get one t is the rule ut quite the md I hope I een done for m with, and has always 3me of the m: 883: , and I stUI , at any rate md in reply V , and ith to earn ril. I find I farming. I ) agreement so I write to ich you hav« 53 placed me, and that, as far as I am concerned, you may close the agreement with W. F He will, I believe, write to you to the same effect." L. C. S. (brother of W. C. S.) writes, May 24th, 1883 : " Having been a month here now, I write, as I promised, to tell Ontario. you how I like this place. I really do not think I could have found a much nicer one if I had had my pick out of all the farms round here, and I am very well satisfied with everything. Both Mr. and Mrs. C are very nice and kind people, and I do not think I shall regret staying here a year or so, if they will keep me. I have not had very much hard work to do yet, but I am quite ready to work hard when it is needed. If you can put every pupil on to a farm like I am on now they will be pretty sure to get on all right. If they don't, they can't be good for much." H. S. L, C. writes, 19th June, 1883, to our agent : " Having completed my trial month I write to tell you I am Ontario. very well satisfied with my place, and have every reason to hope I shall be most happy. Kindly make all arrangements with Mr. H. N— — for remaining ; and believe me, — Yours sincerely." Mr. H. R. N., the farmer to whom the above Mr. H. S. L. C. was attached, writes, June 29th, 1883, to our agent : "As Mr. C has now completed his trial month as a farm pupil with me, and expressed himself well satisfied to continue for the year, you will please complete arrangements necessary therefor. " I am highly pleased with Mr. C in every respect, and find him a very pleasant addition to our family circle, as well a6 an efficient help on the farm. " He appears to take quite as much interest in the growth of crops and matters about the farm as I do myself. Hoping to hear from you soon," etc. S. R. P. wi'ites, June 24th, 1883 : " I am very much pleased with the farm I am on now ; Mr. and Ontario. Mrs. M are extremely nice, and make me very comfortable. Mr. M says tht.t he is satisfied with me as a pupil. He will write to you. I think the contract can be made out as soon as you hear from him," etc. 54 M. R. writes, July 30th, 1883': Wisconsin " ^^^^ Sirs,— We are greatly oblio-ed by your letters. We have; heard from our son this morniiij^, telling U3 the contract is signed. He is very satisfied that Mr. K is a most excellent farmer, and that under him he will learn his work well." Iowa. Iowa. A. L. 0. writes, October 27th, 1883 : " I am very well satisfied with the farm on which you put me. Mr. K and his wife are very kind to me, and I am not over- worked. The food is excellent, and 1 am willing to stay the year under the terms expressed in the contract." Colonel 0., his father, writes, April 4th, 1884 : " He expressed himself highly pleased with the living and kind treatment m the family. He is only just sixteen; said he had been weighed; found he had increased liOlb., and now turned lOst. 71b." H. 0. F. writes from Tasmania, December 17th, 1883 : , *' Thanks for your kind letter. You will be glad to hear that 1 Tasmania. ^^^ ygj,y comfortable here and like the place very much. Every- body is most kind and considerate. "I showed your letter to Mr. W , so if you forward the documents they will be duly signed. We are having a considerable amount of rain. Mr. W and 1 went to the b Show last Wednesday." G. A. P. wi'ites fi'om Tasmania, January 21st, 1884 : . " As my month's notice has now expired, I will write again and Tasmania, i^^. ^^^ know how I am getting on. In the first place, you will be glad to hear the farmer is satisfied with me, and I with him, so we've agreed to stick to each other. " I like the farming very much indeed, and feel quite a different fellow now. " We rise at 4 a.m., and naturally go to bed early, say 10 p.m. ; but it seems to agree very well with us. " On Sundays we do no work here, except to milk the cows, and I go twice to church with Mr. P , the farmer. The people about here are very kind indeed ; I have been to two or three parties already, as they seem to like the company of a young fellow from the old country. I am awfully glad 1 brought the gun out, as we have splenuid shooting— hares, rabbits, wild duck, parrots, opossums^" etc., etc. H agent •8. We hav(i Lct is sig-ned. : farmer, and you put me. en not over- tay the year ng and kind said he had turned lOst. th, 1883 : > hear that 1 ch. Every- forward the 3onsiderable - Show last 1884: ;e again and you will be dth him, so e a different say 10 p.m. ; le cows, and The people fvo or three oung fellow he gun out, Lck, parrots, 55 H. C. writes, April 25th, 1884, from Iowa to our agents : " I am quite satisfied to stay the year with Mr. B . They lowa. are very nice, kind people ; I am getting on very well with them. 1 plough and harrow, etc. I like it very much." Mr. B., the farmer in this case, writes, April 25th, to our agents : "I send you the contract signed as lequested. Harry does well ; is unaccustomed to work, but is learning, and tries to learn. This is all we can reasonably ask. He is very well contented, I think." J. T. writes from Iowa, April 2J)th, 1884, to our agents : " T arrived here on the 17th of March, 1884, and as long as I lowa. have been here I have been very kindly created, and have received proper instruction about farming, etc., and the family are very kind to me." J. M. U. and F. U., two brothers, write from Iowa, May 2nd, 1884 : " We write to express our satisfaction as to the farm on which Iowa. you have placed us. Mr. W and family are all you said they were, and do everything in their power to make us at home and comfortable. Of complaints we can make none, and feel certain that as long as we remain with Mr. W we shall be happy, and willing to do all we can to please him. Mr. VV^ takes the greatest pains in teaching and showing us everything. The country is charming, and both of us can at present boast of not having had the slightest ailments, and we feel capable of doing far more than we ever calculated upon. The neighbours we find kind and hospitable, and willing to do anything for any one. We can only conclude by thanking you for getting us such a comfort- able home, and placing us with such a good and painstaking man as Mr. W ." Captain U., their father, writes, June 2nd, 1884; " My sons both seem quite hap2)y and contented, and write in lowa. excellent spirits. They like Mr. VV and the family very much." 5fy E. A. writes from Iowa, May 3rd, 1884, to ourselves : Iowa. " I write to tell you of my safe arrival upon the farm you chose for me. I have been here for a month, and am well satisfied. I do not think I could have done better. . . . We have got in almost all our seeds, so that almost all the hardest work will be over this week till hay harvest. Mr. B and family are very kind. ... 1 found your agents all that could be desired; no hitch throughout." Tasmania, L. R. writes, May 3rd, 1834 : " You will be glad, no doubt, to hear that I found Mr. D- the nicest man I ever had to deal with ; farmers of this district also say he is most practical. If it is agreeable to Mr. D , you will kindly sign the agreement and finish with him." J. B. writes, June, 1884, from Iowa to our agent : Iowa. " I have been at Mr. W 's for nearly four weeks, and I am certain if I tried I could not find a better home in America. They treat me as if I was one of their own family, and I am as hippy as can be. I like the work, and I am delighted. I came out here to learn farming." W. G. S. writes, 15th July, 1884, in Wisconsin : Wisconsin " I am so pleased to be able to inform you that I am here permanently, at least for a year, and so you will not have any more trouble with me. Both parties are mutually satisfied, and from my part one cannot speak too highly of them. T would like to know if there are any arrangements to be made — I mean, any- thing to be signed or fixed in any way." A. L. W. writes, August 10th, 1884, from Virginia: Virginia. " On the 27th of May I arrived here, when the Indian corn was hardly a foot high ; now a good deal of it is over fifteen feet. " A few days after I began farming, haymaking commenced ; it seemed very easy work, as it was cut one day and raked together and carried the next. We have had quite a busy time ; however, there has never been any want of help, and the darkies are always civil and obliging, and everything on the farm works comfort- , ably. I have not been ill one day since I came, and the life suits me remarkably well. We are surrounded by most pleasant people. " I think I have learnt a good deal about farming already, including the management of grape vines, and some other things not generally grown." )urselve8 : le farm you ad am well . . . We the hardest . B and .1 that could 1 Mr. D this district Mr. D , fent : 8, and I am erica. They -m as h ippy oae out here I am here )t have any tisfied, and would like mean, any- rginia : idian corn t'teen feet, mmenced ; id together ; however, ire always 5 comfort- } life suits nt people. g already, ler things 57 A. G B. writes (Wisconsin), September 3rd, 1884! : " Havmg remained with Mr. C now a month, T beg to Wisconsin state that I am quite satisfied with the way I have been treated, and have been made during that time most comfortable. I wish to remain on his farm for the next twelve months, and I feel sure I shall pick up as much about farming on Mr. C 's farm as anywhere." J. D. T. writes, March 2nd, 1885, regarding A. Ct. B. : " We have just heard from my nephew, who writes in good spirits, and thinks the description of life on which he has entered suits him very well." Captain P. writes, 18th September, 1884 : " T am glad to hear such good accounts of my nephew. When Iowa. I last heard from him he expressed himself satisfied, and said he liked Mr. K and family very much, also that his food was not the rough thing I had led him to expect." Mrs. T. writes, September 25th, 1884 : " My son H. J •//rites home always very cheerfully, and Ontario expresses himself quite satisfied with his farm. He says he works very hard, but he is fond of farming, and the farmer and his wife are both very kind." E. L. M. writes from Virginia, September 29th, 1884 : " I have much pleasure in writing to inform you that I am Virginia quite satisfied with my settlement here and with the arrangements made on my behalf." Mrs. G. writes, October 1st, 1884 : "He writes very much pleased with Mr. P and his work. Ontario. He writes cheerfully, and says he is well and happy." A. G. V. writes, January 80th, 1885, to our representa- tive in Ontario : " I thank you for the trouble you have taken in procuring for Ontario. me such a good farm, and I am very happy and am sure I shall I Ontario ' 1 58 remain so unless some unforeseen accidents occur to mar my happiness. I shall doubtless remain here as loneon guod» and every effort has been usod to direct and assist thorn." And May 1st, 1883 : " I have received a copy of your pamphlet. I have watched the boy.s wlio ha.vf' eomo over licro ^vilh luncli interest. Most of thoui liavG done well. Of thoso sent to y (.'ounty it would bo difficult to find a uiorc manly i>ody, and you may rest assured thoy will succeed, I have fciken a vory deep interest in their welfare, in advising them, etc. Some of them have taken land, free honie- .steads, and some of them have gone into business, for which their education peculva-ly fits tln^m. They hav(» learned self-reliance, and where there has been willingness to learn there have been the happiest results. In America no boy of good habits and industry and energy can possibly fail." And again, July 17th, 1883 : " I am glad to say, in regard to the young men, that they have found some good friends, and those who have been prudent Have every prospect of succers." the 8th rnstructi United my appi young E thoy haf made in moderat( to whom "To The following is from a letter received from our representative in Nebi-aska, dated September 6th, 1882 : " I should have stated that I had met J r. P , who has a farm in N County in this State, at the house of a friend of mine, an Englishman, in that county. 1 was there a week in his company, and believe he was thoroughly pleased with the arrange- ments made for him by you." The Acting Commissioner of the Depart- t.ent of Agricul- ture at Washington, U.S.A., Mr. E. A. Caunan, writes as follows : "May 21st, 1883. " Gentlemen, " 1 have to acknowledge the receipt of your favour of 2, lie says : ^enta havf aicknoss of n Mrs. bncea. Tlio , and every ,vo watched t. MOKt of it would be iSHuredthoy eir welfare, free home- which their If -reliance, ve heen the id industry 68 the 8th inst., encloainj^ a copy of ' Practical Supr^jeHtiona as to [ristruction in Farming in Canada and the North-VV\'st, and the United States of America,' and I take this opportunity to express my appreciation of the methods you have adopted for putting young Englishmen in the way of acipiiring American farms after thoy hare learned to manage them profltaldy. The statements made in your pamphlet regarding American farmers and farms are moderate, and should command the confidonco of the young men to whom they arc especially addressed." " To Messrs. Ford, Rathbone and Co., "London, E.C." t they have udent have from our 1, 1882 : who has a I friend of eek in his e arrange- f Agricul- writes as st, 1883. ' favour of / \^ H )-!'i 64 TABLE OP MEAN TEMPERATURES THE DOMINION, Etc. Toronto, St. Paul, Winnipeg, Battleford, England. 1 Ontiirio. U. S. A. Manitol)a. N. W. Trritry, Auj2;u8t . 66-38 72-00 67-34 67-79 61 Septr. ... 58-18 60-06 52-18 47-10 56 October . 45-84 46 03 35-84 34-52 50 Novmbr . 3()-06 38 03 30-66 28-66 43 Decmbr..! 25-78 19-03 11-97 7-43 39 Jany. ...i 22-80 16-03 6-10 0-45 37 Feby. ... L">-74 ' 15-02 12-32 10-26 39 March ... 28-93 3301 14-14 16-84 41 April ... 40-72 50-04 39-10 46-70 46 May ...| 5 1-74 58-07 5313 53-35 53 June . . . 61-85 ■ 67-09 63-20 60-35 59 July 67-49 70 A" 1 tj \JU 68-19 63-95 62 Yriy. . Means ) 1 44-04 1 45-61 36-67 36-46 48-83 Tasmania. Mean Temp. — January 63*17 July 46*44 TABLE OF MEAN TEMPERATURES. THE STATES. i state. Spring. Summer. Autumn. j Winter. Year. Florida 68-9 43-9 54-4 41-8 39-4 44-5 52-6 45-9 55-6 47-6 80-9 69-3 69-7 60-0 74-5 55-7 68-6 1 47-8 67-8 ] 46-3 71-2 i 48-9 75-5 55-0 73-4 : 61-0 76-1 69-8 72-9 62 66-7 24-9 35-2 20.6 14-0 20-3 30-7 22-9 40-5 26 68-7 47-1 64-9 44-7 41-6 46-2 63-4 48-4 68 49-6 New York Kentucky Wisconsin Alinnesota Iowa Missouri Nebraska .. Virginia Illinois NION, Etc 1 py. England. 61 5G 50 43 39 37 39 41 46 53 59 62 48-83 A.TES. 65 The increase in number * of farms in decennial periods in the States, as shown by the national census, is as fol- lows :— 1850 1,449,073 1860 2,044,077 1870 2,659,985 1880 4,008,907 It is the distinctive peculiarity of American farm occu- pancy that the tillers of the soil are the owners of the land. Foreigners come here not to become tenants, but pro- prietors. They move directly onward toward the free Government lands, which furnish a vital inducement to immigration. They go west rather than south — firat, because they can obtain the best lands in fee simple, and not as renters ; and a second consideration is the fact that prairie lands can be selected, which can be opened and made productive the first year. Therefore we find that 2,984,306, or about three-fourths of all in number, and a far greater proportion of the total value, are occupied by the owner. Then there are persons, temporary occupants 01 -hidings for various reasons, in the north, and in the south a large number of freedmen, who are averse to working for wages, and unable to own and stock a farm, who are compelled to work the land for others. Preferring semi-proprietorship, or a sort of partnership in the produce of the farm, there are 702,244 who occupy land on shaves in various proportions, according to the fertility of the soil and the conditions of the partnership as to furnishing and feeding of farm animals, the use of implements, etc. The following figures will show how much smaller are these farms, which are usually fragments of original farms of greater area. The number rented at a fixed rental in money is very small — only 822,357. The following state- ment gives the classification by size and also by tenure : — This is quoted from the United States of America Report of the Department of Agrlcultm-e for 1881 and 1882, page 646. E 66 NUMBER OP FARMS. ^lumber of Acres. Whole Number. Occupied by Owner. Rented for Money. Rented on Shares. Under 3 acres.. • • • • • • • 4,352 2,601 876 876 3 acres and under 10 134,889 85,456 22,904 26,529 10 20 254,749 122,411 41,522 90,816 20 50 781,474 460,486 97,399 223,589 50 100 1,032,910 804,522 69,663 158,725 100 ») i 500 1.695,983 1,416,618 84,645 194,720 500 » i 1,000 75,972 66,447 3,956 5,669 1,000 „ and over 28,578 25,765 1,393 1,420 Total .. ■ • • • • • • 4,008,907 2,984,306 322,357 702,244 We quote tlie following from the 10th Census of the United Stages, 1880, Vol. III., 522 :— " The yield per acre on small farms pursuing mixed farming is greater than on large ones. Greater care can be, and usually is, t,' ken in the selection of seed, in the cultivation of the crop, in manuring, and in harvesting, and on lands of the same value the interest account of sach farms is lessened as the production is increased, and all this induces thrift. Small and large farmers are more nearly on the same footing than small and large operators in any other industry." Visitors may see at an interview any of the letters quoted in this pamphlet, as well as numerous others on the same subject ; the fullest inquiry is invited into the working of the system and the nature of the organisation. Messrs. Ford, Rathbone and Co. are a private firm, having a complete organisation on both sides of the Atlantic, enabling them to offer a thorough fulfilment Oibroad of every contract entered into here. Solicitors may refer in i le first instance to Messrs. Ford, Ranken Ford and Ford, No. 4, South Square, Gray's Inn, London ; and Robert Lyle, Esq., 33, Upper Fitzwilliam Street, Dublin ; and Bankers to Messrs. Hoare and Co., 37, Fleet Street, London, E.G., and to Messrs. Melville, Evans, and Co., 75, Lombard Street, E.G. Rented >n Shares. 876 26,529 90,816 223,589 158,725 194,720 5,569 1,420 67 Wo issue Forciffu Drafts for remittances foi' Pupils, &c. Foreign ^ Draft!. We think it well to mention that in a recent Cvommunica- tion from the State Board of Immigration of Minnesota, the Secretary wrote, under date 12th July, 1883 : "This State has no Agent or Commissioner of Immigration in England or elsewhere outside of the State ; nor is there any law in existence authorising such appointment." It is very desirable that all communications intended for us should be addressed to us by name, as Messrs. Ford, Rathbone and Co. 702,244 8 of the Fourteenth Edition, Revised. — June, 1885. rming is ually is, crop, in alue the iction is farmers operators letters bera on nto the sation. be firm, of the Ihlmeut s. Ford, fa Inn, 5 William Co., 37, Evans, FOED, RATHBONE & CO., 21, FmSBUEY PAVEMENT, LONDON, E.G. (Oloie to the Moovgate Street Station of the Metropolitan Kailway.) J^O-EIsTTS TO SUN FIRE OFFICE AND SUN LIFE OFFICE. LONDON PRINTED BY ADAMS PROS , 25, BURY STREET, ST MARY AXE, E.G.