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IMaps, plates, eharta, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper ?sft hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many frames as required. The following diagrama illustrate the method: Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvant Atre filmte A des taux da reduction dIftArents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reprodult en un seui cilchA, il est film* A partir de i'angle supArisur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'imagea nAcassaira. Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 " "-«%' ."'•'"'•''^'"n^iniiipi ';.<«^; I k^ti i fti^^ ■ PLAN OF SALVATION; BY THE M 'm^' ' m REV, DOmiLD UMCDOmiLD. MINISTER OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, V » J ..V PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. ''^'5' -1^ ■-'—^ ' ''tC C CCCCitiU— ' ■ '' And by it he being dead, yet spealveth."— ^t?j. xi. 4. ^r-mXJQQQtXQtru CHARLOTTETOWN : BKEMXER BROTHEBS, PRINTERS 44 QUEEN ST. 1874. TiT7S-/ M3 , , f (.-.... . . , DOMINION OF CANADA, Province of Fringe Edward Island. Be it remembered, that on this Eleventh day of June,, A. D. 1874, William McPhail. of Orwell Head, and John Mc- Eachem, of Township Forty-nine, in the said Island, have deposited in this oflace the title of a Book, the Copyright whereof they claim in the words following : " Plan of Salvation," by the late Rev. Donald McDonald, Minister of the Church of Scotland, P. E. Island. *' And by it he being dead, yet speaketh."--Heb. xi. 4, in conformity with the Act for the protection of Copyright. P. DESBRISAY, * ■» Assistant Colonial Secretary. :!-■•■' / ,>W' "m- 1 »*' r ' •' " * ''a' '' . ki Pao^e 3,- -Line 19, 44 9, " 5,- 44 15, - ii;- ii 46, - 2,- 44 50. ", 7,- 44 50, '' 8,- 44 92, " 2,- 44 116, " 12,- 44 116, ^' 33,- ERRATA. 44 116, *' 34,- 44 118, " 19,- 44 134, - 4,- 4( 136, " 23,- 44 149, '' 17,— <4 164, " 34,— 44 168, - 11,- 44 178, " 6,-; —For " creditable " read " credible." \ —For " servent " read " serpent." —For '* presumptious " read " presump- tuous," and wherever it occurs. -For " then " read " its." -For " make " read ** makes." -For " their " read ''- his." -For " rendeemed " read " redeemed." -For " and " read *' any." -For " were not faith " read '• are not of faith." -For " to render those " read to " render those acceptable." -For " this name " read " this same." ■For " marked and " read ' marked out.' -For "provoked me to danger" read " provoked me to anger." For '^ being " read " bring." •For "make " read " made." For " furture " read " future." For " its " read " his." INDEX. Preface, . , v Introductory, 1 Positive Decrees as bearing on all the works and ways of God in Creation, Providence, and Grace, 23 Positive Decrees, as bearing on the works of Providence, 28 Positive Decrees, as bearing on the works of Grace, 38 Permissive Decrees, 40 TYPICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE PLAN OF SALVATION: Adam, First Type of Christ, . .... 68 Abel, Second Type of Jesus Christ, . . . . 79 Seth, Third Type, ....... 98 Enos, Fourth Type, 95 Cainan, Fifth Type, 98 Mahalaleel, Sixth Type, . . . . . «. 102 Jared, Seventh Type, . 104 Enoch, Eighth Type, . . . . . . , 106 Methuselah, Ninth Type, . . . . . . Ill Lamech, Tenth Type, . . . . . . .114 Noah, Eleventh Type, 118 Shem, Twelfth Type, . . . . . . .132 Arphaxad, Thirteenth Type, 135 Salah, or Shelah, Fourteenth Type, .... 138 Eber, Fifteenth Type, 140 Peleg, Sixteenth Type, . . . . . .143 Reu, Seventeenth Type, ....... 145 Serug, Eighteenth Type, 147 Nahor, Nineteenth Type, . . ; . . . 149 Terah. T-ventieth Type, . . . . . n 150 Abram changed to Abrnhani, Twenty-first Type, . 153 Melchizedek, Type of Christ, . . . . .163 Isaac, Twenty-second Type, . . . . . 178 The Abrahamic Covenant, 178 Appendix, 205 PREFACE. -•o»- ^.:•. hi, A WORK in manuscript, entitled, "Plan of Salvation," was found among tlie papers of the late Rev. Donald McDonald, after his decease. When it became generally known that such was the case, an earnest desire to have the manuscript published, began to be manifested bv many of his people ; so that ^lose who had possession of it deemed it their dutv, to gratify tliat desire. This work is, therefore, sent forth, with the sincere hope, that it may be the means of *' stirring up pure minds by \> ay of remembrance : that ye may be mindful of tlie words which were spoken before by the holy prophets."— 2 Peter iii. 1. " And that we may give the niore earnest heed to the things which we have heard, lest afany time we should let them slip. For if the word spoken by angels was stedfast, and every transgression and disobe- dence received a just recompence of reward : how shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation, which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed unto us by them that heard him: God also bearing them witness, both with signs and wonders, and with divers miracles, and gifts of the Holy Ghost, according to his own will ?"— Heb. . 1, 2, 3, 4. And further, that the words of this book may be the means of calling to *' remembrance the former days, in wliich, after ye were illuminated, ye endured a great fight of aftlictions ; partly, whilst ye were made a gazing- stock both by reproaches and afflictions; and partly, whilst ye became companions of them that were so used." — Heb. X. 82, 33. It would appear as though the author had in view, to exhibit the plan of salvation m one connected Hne, by means of Types and Antitype, from the first revelation of God to man, in the Garden of Eden, to the time wh^n Jesus Christ cried on the cross, "It is finished." It is to be regretted, however, that the work is carried no further th^ to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, with a dissertation on the Abrahamic covenant. The earnest and spiritually enlig^ht^ ened bible student, however, will, no doubt, from so much of the Plan as is here given be enabled to follow out the 1>REFAC£« subject for himself, to a satisfactory and legitimate conclu- sion, particularly If he read In connection therewith, Mr. McDonald's other published works, viz: "A 'JVcatlsc on The Holy ordinance of Baptism," published in 1845, and *'The subiects of the Millenium," published in 184J). It was Intended to Insert here, a short sketch of the lilo of th'j author, but it was found Impracticable to do so at present, owing to the fact, that the required material, though ample In amount, Is widely scattered, both In this country and In Scotland. A few leading facts, however, may be given, \vlth the hope, that at some future time not far distant, an abler pen may undertake that labour ot love. The late lleV. Donald McDonald was born Jan. 1. 1783, in the Parish of Logierach, Perthshire, Scotland. He was educated at the University of St. Andrew's, and was ordained a minister of the Church of Scotland, by the Presbytery of Abertarff In 1816. He was, for a time, tutor In the family of the Chieftains of the McDonald's of Glengarry. He also acted as a Missionary In various parts of the Highlands, till 1824, when he emigrated to America. The Island of Cape Breton was the scene of his labours as a Missionary, for the first two years after his arrival. There he suffered much hardship. To quote fVom the late Principal Leltch, of Queen's University, Canada: *' At that period the settlers from the Highlands of Scotland were without ministers, and had sunk Into a state of great religious Indifference. With- out a mission from any Church, Mr. McDonald devoted himself to the task of supplying the spiritual destitution. None but the bravest heart could have faced the privations and sufferings he endured. With the zeal and heroism of a Xavier, he braved the wild beasts of the forest, the almost Arctic severity of the climate, and above all the Indifference and degradation of the people. His feet w^ere covered with untanned moccassins. He walked on snow shoes and blazed his way through the pathless forest with his hatchet. He had no home to shelter him. He was contented with the chance shelter of the rudest hut or shanty, and with the coarsest fare. He carried no scrip, and he had no money in his purse." About the year 1826 he came to this Island, where he laboured as a missionary for some years, travelling on foot* paths from one new settlement to another, there being but few roads. He preached publicly, and from house to house with great acceptance ; and the Lord of the harvest followed his preaching with such Divine Power, that in 1829—1830 a freat revival began, many being awakened and turned '' from arkness to lights and from the power of Satan unto God."— PREFACE. Vll la Acts xxvl. 18, so that his memory is still roverod by thou- pjuuls who knew him as the honoured Instrument under God, of their sulvatlon. Quoting? again from Principal Leltch (180a), he writes, "• I had the pleasure of meeting to day with the Rev. Donald McDonald, of whom I had often heard In Scotland, and whose life forms one of the most singular chapters In the history of ^Ilssionary enterprise. Though he attended the meetings of Synod, he has not put himself under Its jurisdiction. He prefers holding a direct connection with the Church of Scotland. * * ♦ * ♦ He would take no reward for his labours, except the primitive hospitality of the people. Such disinterested self-sacrifice had a hi«?her reward. The people learned to love and honour nlm. ♦♦»♦♦♦** iHg Inrtuence has now so widely extended that he has thirteen cliurclies. He makes a circuit among them from Sabbath to Sabbath, and he has elders to conduct the devotions when he is not himself present. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ The bodily exer- cises at public worship form a marked peculiarity. The Eeople on account of these exercises, received the oppro- rious names of *'Jerkers," "Kickers," ''Jumpers," art of some; "Hut Peter, standing: up with the eleven, lifted up Ills voice, and snid unto them, ye men of Jndea. and all ye tliat dwell at .lerusalem, he tlds known unto yon. and hearken to my words; for these are not drunken, as ye suppose, seeinjj; it is but the third hour of the day, l)nt this* is tlnU whicli was spoken l}y the ])ropliet Joel; " And it siiall conu' to pass in the last days, salth (Jod, I will pour out of my Spirit upon all tlesh:*and your sons and your dan reaching the state s arrival and dis- y where »f ffood. eresting ere less d re hur ei :'S Id ai common than they are now, the people were indebted to thelF' minister for much of tlieir information respecting tlie leading events occurring abroad. **He never entered into any tigreenient with liis congro":ai- tions as to I he amount of stipend he should receive, but took what they felt disposed to give, and we believe that they did not contribute very liberally. Of this, liowever. he never once complained. He was much misrepresented in his day, by men who did not understand him, and tlie ton^ie of calumny often made free with his name, but lie outflved the one and silenced the other. His remains will be interred at Orwell Head, on Monday next. The funeral cortage wijl leave Southport at ten o'clock in Ihe morning. It is unnecessary for us to add. that friends and acquaint- ances are invited to attend, for we feel assured they will be present from all parts of the country, to pay the last tribute of respect to one who will long live in the grate- ful recollection of thousands of our fellow colonists." Thus far, we have merely given a few prominent land- marks, in the biography of this eminent servant of God. We have preferred to do so, in the words of reliable men, who were not of his own congregation, rather than to give our own sentiments in the matter, as we might naturally be liable to magnify his attainments, and be blind to any failings of his humanity. Indeed, it is very hard to write the biography of a ti-uly great man. without running the risk of idolizing him. No man would have deprecated this more earnestly than himself. How often did he remind us of the apostolic injunction : '' Be ye followers of me, even as 1 also am of Christ," and of the Divine words of our Lord: ** Call no man master upon earth, for one is your master, even Christ, and all ve are brethren." It would be a calamity unto us all to forget this, and to make an apothe- osis of the human servant, at the expense of the Divine WILLIAM McPHAlL. Orwell Head, June 11, 1874. « ■% } \: PLAN OF SALVATION. Aj material created o' jects have a begin- ning and an end in time \ when they have served their purpose they decay and vanish away : but spiritual objects, spirit being indivisible, endure whatever change may be made to take place in condition and position ; con- sequently every human scheme, however skilfully projected, is subject to mutation, decay and dis- solution ; but the plan of salvation being of a spiritual nature, and projected by an All-wise Almighty, Unchangeable Being, must be consid- ered like himself, of unquestionable stability, in all respects answering its purpose. '* The works of his hands are verity and judgment ; all his commandments are sure. They stand fast for ever and ever, and are done in truth and upright- ness.** — Ps. cxi. 7,8. The plan of salvation, therefore, being itself of a spiritual nature, and the production of unerring wisdom .and design, and depending on Almighty power for execution, must be considered in a dilSerent light f jroia ftll human plans. All human schemes, dc^^^ai^iiig on human skill and power, may be unsuitable tb the end in view, and may fail in answering the end purposed. Man is himself changeable and liable to errors in judgment, and liable therefore W-ANOr SAtVATIOW. I concerted p|„n of me^^'h? "'^•'"'"'^ *he (.es prove a totll fiiiluro fint 7"" , '"^'"«'"' W J'eing the prod»„ti„„ „f nl ^» P "". °' salvation reversible decrees, co/du'^^^.r- ""!"''."'«« ""d ir- h -merring wi,.,;.„'°X *«?'»«" «s bearings never can be liable to fiH L^in '"'»''*^ P"'^**, progress to i„|| afcomr £ ? ""^ ^^^S" "f its he Original Project:' iit^•„^'^^ P""«« "^ Unchangeable, and I„fi,^e tL "i'^ " F^orcated, must be considered ct^t'r!.? P'^V*^ «''''««o'> w;th the attributes ofX^Zli •»''^<»r«*«tent plan devised and adonted in T"' Godhead-a Wy from all et«Sv ^n ^ *"'•""*'" »*' the and design_a plan of Sv and r™"^, '"'^»'» goodness and tru*h-a nT.f u '"r' "^ J"«tice, God. and altogether suifc "."^f *'»«»• worthy of the creature ..^Hndmu^i^h'" '?*''* exigenci,« of eternal, unchangllo atd JS'^T^ '^"''^'^^ ationsareto bldra«r„ from fL ^J^ese consider- fonof the attributes of i-rhovlh' Tf^^ P'^'^*''^ unchangeable, and infinfte" Jhl^^*^ ".eternal, must necessarily corr«a^ j ''"^'^fore his plans perfection of L SivC a,?l"?'^« '^'th the nothing can be added to V w*""^"- ^nd as feet attributes, neither^an .*^*/,'^'*'*^ ^">^ Pe.- or detracted fiom ptof ^i*"?-^ *"' "^''"d to the plan of salvation in a?/;**^"^*!''"" * therefow «i.«t be considem?" erfeil,?,rf ""'^ ''^»««. manent and mchingTefiitv ''*^'''*' ?«'- Counsel and desL «!«?k*^- plan or scheme, Li hnm? t"!.''«'y essence of a PLAN OF SALVATION. plan of human design may prove abortive and a complete failure — unfitnc88 and unsuitableness may characterize schemes of human invention ; but in spiritual things, unerring wisdom is en- gaged in every purpose and design, and Almighty power is ever exerted in the prosecution of the original purpose ; for God designs and accom- plishes according to the counsel of his own will. He decreed in unerring wisdom, and shall assur- edly perform without the possibility of failure. The perfection of his very attributes is the surest guarantee which could possibly be pK^dged to the creature, for perfection of performance. The great desideratum therefore is whether there is a plan of salvation revealed to man, and whether the way of revelation be adequate for its purpose, as security to man for his safe guidance to the knowledge requisite for full satisfaction. '* All scripture," says a creditable Apostle, " is ^iven by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruc- tion in righteousness : that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works." 2. Tim. iii. 16, 17. The whole Bible being given by inspiration of God, ought to be considered by all enquirers after the truth, a perfect revelation of the will and purposes of the Great Projector and Perfect Ac- complisher of all things ; for he made all things for himself, for his plensure they are and were created. The Bible, therefore, being considered in its own intrinsic merits, is sufficiently clear on the subject, without the aid of the vain philoso- phy of the world, or the crude reveries of geolo- t'W •4 WAN or SALVATION. fco;^o"f t,.:r- *" !"^«"d«te the Coar de g»r.l8 the eH«ei.tm| parte o7?h» ;^*''"'^»h. a* re. Ami ..uioetl the uniform a^I'JfP"" f ««'v«tion. -«/.-"n tSi -g:f «f "rio of the materia, "''«ly.di8plaj,ed: so that S.,'^'""* """spicu- P>'»rt 01- « ;,<„fe„-„°. 7' whether we reason a w le to his ori- ginal purpose and design: displaying unerring wisdom, Almighty power, and universal benevo- lence. A glorious display of the nature and at- tributes of the glorious Godhead, brought to the view and understanding of man, whom he had made in his own image, after his own likeness. And man thus conditioned, and endowed with faculties, had presented to him a sublime beauty, and dazzling splendour, as much of the then un- tarnished creation, as his un vitiated intellect could comprehend and enjoy : but as it entered into the original plan and design, to raise man to higher and more noble state of existence, in which he should be qualified for more sublime contemplation and enjoyment, sin was permitted to enter into the world, and death by sin, so that man should be transplanted, and pass through death from this world to an eternal world * * the glorious regions of a blessed and a glorious immortality i the fall of Adam, therefore, must have entered into the original purpose and design of Jehovah, free from all purpose and design to influence Adam to act contrary to commanded duty, or in violation of the laws of his Maker, which were revealed to him, as stamped original- ly on his pure, undefiled heart. Many are sceptical on this subject, but when we consider the plan of Salvation, co-existent and co-eternal with the being and attributes of Jeho- vah, the fall of man must necessarily be consider- ed to have been included in the original purpose and design of God, who knows the end from the beginning, else how can we account for a plan of / PLAN OF SALVATION. Salvation devised and adopted in the Council of the Trinity from all eternity. The Covenant of grace was prior to the entering into the Covenant of works under which the first man was placed, although not revealed until the covenant of works was broken ; because man, in the holy, innocent, righteous condition, in which he was originally placed, required not the knowledge of any other covenar^, but that which was made with himself, until he failed to act according to the stipulated conditions of that covenant. The first revealed covenant was suitable to man's condition before the fall, — the condition in which his Maker placed him in the day on which the Lord God had made him, when he made man in his own image, after his own likeness, and breathed into his nostrils, and he became a living soul. And as God is un- changeable, and knoweth the end from the begin- ning, he surely purposed salvation and immortal glory for an innumerable multitude of the human race, by his Son Jesus Christ, and thus provided a remedy for us; of his own will and purpose, be- fore the v/orld had existence, but in the all-com- prehensive mind of Jehovah, and before man was made, or fell under the displeasure of his Maker. In that view of the subject we do justice to the divine, unchangeable attributes of the Most High. Now, let those who may be sceptical on that most important part of the plan of Salvation, re- flect on the original design of the merciful God, who made us, in providing a Remedy before the fall, even from eternity; and let them reflect again whether the fall of man entered into the original design of the Creator of all things. FLAK OF SALVATION. It cannot be denied without gross prevarication, and palpable perversion of the word of God, that a Remedy for fallen, prostrate man was provided, co-existent, and co-eternal with the being and perfect attributes of the unchangeable Jehovah. If that should be denied, what meaning should be attached to such passages of the language of in- spiration ? " The Lord possessed me in the be- ginning of his way, before his works of old,** &c., to the 23rd verse of the eight chapter of Pro- verbs. '* Rejoicing in the habitable part of his earth ; and my delights were with the sons of men.** 31st verse. Now that eminent chapter carries us beyond the commencement of the Creation, and shows that He who is in that chapter depominated the Wis- dom of God, is no other than the eternal Son of God, as clearly demonstrated by the Apostle Paul, in his application of the term wisdom to Je<«us Christ. <' But of him are ye in Christ Jesus who of God is made unto us wisdom and righteousness, sanctification and redemption : that according as it is written. He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.*' — 1. Cor. i., 30, 31. And along with that passage, read the following passage from the writings of the same Apostle. " Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he hath purposed in himself: that in the dispensation of the fullness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him.*' Ephes. i. 9, 10. And along with that still, *« I was set v^ from everlasting, from the beginning. / 8 PLAN OF SALVATION. or ever the earth was." — ^Prov. viii. 23. In these and a mnltiplicity of other portions of the in- spired writings we have the fullest and the clear- est proofs of Jesus Christ, as the Remedy which God saw meet to provide for guilty perishing sin- ners, having been set up in the character of Re- deemer from of old, from everlasting, or ever the earth was. Now had not the fall of man been contemplated from all eternity, what need would there be for any remedy ? There would have been no need for it. Again, as it was in the design and purpose of God, that by the Remedy, which was thus originally provided, myriads of the human race were to be raised up to immortal glory by passing from time to eternity through the valley of the shadow of death, how could that be accomplished without the fall? Adam could not die without sin ; ** By one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin ; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned." — Rom. V. 12. As Adam came from the hands of his Maker he could not die, how then could he pass from time to eternity, to possess the King- dom prepared for us from the foundation of the world. " Then shall the King say to them on his right, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the the kingdom prepared for you from the founda- tion of the world." — Mat. xxv. 34. There surely may be observed pre-determined purpose, and design, in all such declarations of the word of God. And unless the fall had been contemplattsd in the original purpose of God, such declarations would be without meaning and significancy ; but a tittle pHrthe word of God shall not fall to the ground PLAN OF SALVATION. 9 without its accomplishment. " Heaven and eai-th shall pass away ; but his word shall not pass away. Adam and Eve could not die in the original state of innocency, for the wages of sin is death ; and until the servent deceived the woman, and she did eat the forbidden fruit, and gave to Adam and he did eat, and thus contracted the guilt of sin, by which death entered into the world, they were in a condition in which they could not pass from time to eternity ; for flesh and blood cannot in- herit the kingdom of heaven: therefore it was consistent with God's original purpose and design that sin should enter into the world, and death by sin, that a transition could be effected from the first condition to a higher and a more glorious one : so that by the plan of Salvation, an innu- merable multitude of the descendants of Adam and Eve, the mother of all living, should enter into the regions of a blessed and a glorious im- mortality ; and so that as by one man, many were made sinners, even so by the resurrection of one, many shall be made righteous. - It is therefore needless to attempt to separate and exclude the fall of Adam and all mankind, in ,him and with him, from the original 'plan and design of the Council of the Trinity. It may be supposed, and indeed it is too plainly alleged, and even charged against us, that by such views we make God the Author of sin : far be it from all who hold the consistent system of orthodoxy which I am defending, to harbour for a moment so monstrous an opinion ; for we never allow our- selves to be led into so flagrant an error nor wish to indulge oUr minds in vain speculation on so 10 FLAM OV BALYATIOK. ii important a subject ; but by the grace of God endeavour to abide by the plain declarations of the word of God, lest, like too many others, we should be found to handle the word of God deceit* fully, by yielding to the suggestions of unen- lightened reason ; or the inductions of the vain philosophy of the world. W^ abide by the word of God, and therein be- hold a well-connected and noble structure reared, altogether worthy of an all-wise, righteous, and benevolent God, from foundation to Chief-corner Stone, in wisdom of design, in elegance of execu- tion, in perfection of accomplishment and in ad- aptation of parts, according to the revelations of God in the Holy Bible. In all the variegated plans of Providence, and of grace, a great and an important end is truly observable, in the successive development of the original purpose and design; and although at first many objects, when viewed at a distance, by superficial observers, may appear darkly myste- rious, yet on nearer approach, the darkening clouds of ignorance, which at first dimmed the vision, are dissipated and removed. The entrance of thy words giveth light ; it giveth understand- ing unto the simple." Ps. cxix. 130, The manifestations of Spiritual light and knowledge, prove that the ( ver-hasty conclusions of short- sighted man are too apt to mislead to the dishon- our of the perfection of design in the original plan of unerring wisdom. Such is the case, when pre- sumptuous philosophy and geology presume arro- gantly to arraign before their partial and imper- fect tribunals tb^ pJAiu) of th^ gjs^% God who tSJCS or SAtVATIDR. tl purposed all things according to the counsel of his own will; and arrogate to themselves the right of decision on any part of the perfect plans of the All-wise and all-perfect God. The appearance of evil in the plans of Jehovah may give offence to the sceptic, who is not quali- fied or competent to comprehend within his grasp, designs, purposes, and plans of unerring wisdom which shall ultimately be made to co-operate in displaying the glory of God, in all his works of Creation, Providence and, Grace. He brings good out of evil, and order out of confusion. He makes all things to work for good to those who love him, who are the called according to his pur- pose. Nothing can emanate from perfect wisdom, and immaculate purity and holiness of design, but what must have a tendency to display in har- mony and consistency, the glorious perfections of the Godhead. The fall of man from the original condition to a condition of sin-guiltiness, and misery, may be considered truly disastrous, and fifrievous ; and indeed it shall prove woefully de- plorable to them who must inevitably perish ; but however much the sceptic may sarcastically frown at such doctrine, it is certainly contained in the Holy Bible, and the infallible justice of a Holy, a Bighteous, and a Just God, shall conspicuously be vindicated, and displayed in the righteous, sentence of vengeance ; "for," says he, " vengeance belongeth to me ; I will recompense, saith the Lord." And again, "It is a feaiful thing to fall into the hands of the living God." But to them who shall be saved, it shall prove unspeakable advantage and glory : for as I have 12 PLAN OP SALVATION. already observed, in the original state man could not die, nor pass from time to eternity ; but in the plan and design of wisdom and goodness, it was purposed that the portals of brighter and more glorious regions should be thrown wide open and innumerable multitudes of human beings should be ushered into the presence and eternal enjoyment of the great God, who made all things at first by the word of his power : to effect this God entered into covenant with his own Eternal Son who freely and willingly oflfered himself to accomplish the gracious design of wisdom and love. Now the fall as assuredly entered into the original pur- pose and design, as the recovery by the Son of God. The Remedy was provided before the fall ; and therefore the fall, through the first man, who was of the earth, earthy, must be considered to have been contemplated in the counsel of the Trinity, as much as the recovery by the second man, the Lord from heaven, our Saviour, and Redeemer. That was the way of divine appointment for shewing forth his own glory, and for elevating us high, above even the terrestrial enjoyment of the sublimest pleasures and enjoyments which this world in its untarnished condition could afford. It was, although afflictive and painfully disas- trous, a step of progress towards the final devel- opment of the original design of an All-wise God, who knoweth the end from the beginning, for raising us up to the ultimate condition as originally designed : and besides, it was intended for bringing the united Attributes of the glorious Jehovah into conspicuous co-operation on the I. 1^^ MiAN OP SALVATION. 18 works of the creation, for the glory of his great and glorious name. ., It was intended to display the unbounded morcy, and goodness, and love of the Creator to- wards his own creatures : and to shew his justice on the vessels of wrath, fitted for destruction ; as well as to shew the all-sufficiency of the remedy which he provided before the need of that remedy appeared in the world — for his own Son, termed wisdom, and made of God unto us Wisdom, Righteousness, Sanctification, and Redemption, was "set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was." Pro v. viii. cap. To display also the all-sufficiency of his own grace through Jesus Christ our Lord, for ameliorating our dispositions and condition in this world, and for elevating our thoughts and aspirations toward heaven, our ultimate destination. To prove the all-sufficiency of his Holy Spirit for enlightening our understandings to understand the Scriptures, which are able to make one wise unto salvation, which is in Jesus Christ, and to sanctify us wholly to himself, souls, spirits, and bodies. It was originally contemplated that sin should enter into the world, and death by sin ; but it was also purposed that his own Son should abolish death, and bring life and immortality to light by the gospel ; so that the original plan and design, in all the parts thereof, might be admirably suited to the exigencies of the creature, and altogether worthy of the great God, who made us all for him- self, and for his own pleasure. And the myriads of glorified beings, who shall be made to pass through the different steps of the plan of salvation, u m "•*» Of sArAWo^ condition, ^me^^iyZT-'y **» ^' ?I''"fied rapturous H«lJeI„i«^™£ "^7"* »"d «3o«,. fa :;:ho«« divine attiXeflf H* ""*' ^'"rious God! ed to the redeemed Md^i *" T' ^ ^ork« from the beg nlL r"'*-,'""" *" ^is own vam presumptioufsceDl; ,^?/^ "°t, therefore, ^ersible decrees and puSl „f*'«P?'^««t, irrel ecus, and a Just God • ^i?i, °{ "Holy, a Kight- "Ities be altogether t;a£rff 'f ■"'"^*^ ^^ hension. '' s4ll the thZ foL S'°*"'*^ '=°"'P'e- formed it why hast thZ^r^Tt'l ^^'•" «»at God the Author of sin or^^ ,• *?"^ ^ " Was he caused the earth Lj th J "^^"larity, when the various orders of VorSioi T*'*^' *° P'-^duce and hideous creatuiir ^th"'' ^?r'"°"« ''eptiles, many countries, abounds *dl^^^. *^^ ^°^M, in We of rational bein^p'^^ ™''-. t"'^""?*'' the God was the Author of sin d V* ^ ^^^ that this world, inmany paZ'th^^^^.d^^reed that fested with wolves, tiC^tr' ^^"""^^ ^e in- ' ^*'^' ''«»«. lions, and all the PLAN OF SALVATION. If numerous tribes of man-destroying monsters ? Or that the waters should produce sharks, crocodiles, and all the vast shoals of things, which short-sight- ed mortals may choose to call fi'eaks of nature ? They are undoubtedly in existence, and it would require more than the common sagacity of natur- alists to determine whether they are freaks of nature, or the productions of wise purpose and design. We must allow that God made them, therefore it is rank impiety, if not blasphemy, to call them freaks of nature, or any thing short of the works of an all-wise God, who knows his own purposes and designs. Human reasoning, on so lofty and sub- lime a subject as God's eternal purposes and de- signs, must be considered presumptuous arrogance, when their crude reasoning, and conclusions, appear in contradiction of the plain declarations of the inspired language of the Holy Bible, in which are exhibited many admonitory reproofs for res- training man from daring, presumptions interpre- tations of the secrets of God, " The secret things belong unto God, and the revealed things belong unto us, and to our children for ever, that we may do all the words of this law." Of this prohibitory caution, the Book of Job furnishes many instances, of which read, in the following sentence, a prom- inent example. "Canst thou by searching find out God ? Canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection ? It is high as heaven ; what canst thou do ? deeper than hell ; what canst thou know ? the measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea. If he cut ofi*, and shut up, or gather together, then who can hinder him ? for 18 "^ or 8Al,V*„oj,. i« wise though man b:'L™°«]:rr"?7''"''' OOlt. —Job xl. 7, *o, Sn thitu ® " '^■W «fl8'8 1/ evident that C desi^. . !J """'* »* P«rf«ct. Almightjr can only be S' ^"f/"rr "^ «•« by the mode of oommunlcS"'' m 1 .'^''"'"vered has been graciously Dlea««J? '^hichhe himself purpose. Natural nCT *.° *??<»»* for that twns. and vain philos^pterton^'I^^''";** '^^^ things of God. « But M JMo *?."°* *" *« deep not seen, nor ear hea^^niwh^"' '^^^ ''»*^ the heart of man rt« ♦i.i "^ "^^^ entered int« pared forth"m VSt ,ovTh^'''*'''^«J'>«7hp2! revealed them to us b ' hfs Sn?-. ?"* ^^^ *«* seareheth all thinM ^L li ®5'"' = '"r the Spirit For ^hat man k^^erthe tht'P *'i'"^ "^ G^d tt? spirit of man which f, ?n k^ ?^» ""•"• ««ve things of God knowethiV '""^ ^''^n so the «<^ God. Now ^ T- "° "?""' hut the Soirif we miffht know the tSt ^^T '" "^ ^o^l : that to us of God." irJ°^n *„'*"'* freely ffiven ofthedesig„« J^ony 9 <^^ knLSS^ ah e therefore, in the w^v of ^ "^ '' °">^ "ttain- pomtment. In the ffi.«2'* %'"' »«sh! they are spiritually dlscemeS""'^/''^' ^"^^^^ -.That may plainly shew X! j •' ~1 ^or, ii, 14 Jinenlightened man fa, ^t ^^"^^ P^^umpti^n of into the secw-lTof 'the 4 ^T attempts to pry «« felse, what he inoti:^'^''*?' ^'"i to reji^t^ ««« fr?ni the plarfalr^P^f ?"*J-, »« might "■'"''i^'^mmfA^ '^imimmamnmx PLAN OF SALVATION; ii which shews him beforehand that the Spirit of God alone can reveal the secret things which be- long unto God. A seemingly plausible answer is generally advanced ^y those who stumble at the Word, that -God surely did not give a Rev- elation to man which he cannot comprehend by the intellect which he has alao given to him; yes, beyond the utmost comprehension of unen- lightened reason ; but not beyond the reach of the enlightened understanding when the Spirit is pleased to reveal the deep things of God to them who have the Spirit of God, that we may know the things that are freely given to us of God. But the very consideration of the perfection of the attributes of the Godhead ought to be suflSci- ent proof of perfection in all his purposes and designs in so great and glorious a subject as the plan of Salvation. That a plan was devised and adopted, no serious Bible reader can deny, for it shines forth con- spicuous from the first promise, that the seed of the woman should bruise the head ot the serpent, to the declaration, ** It is finished " in the different stages of progress through every age of the Church's history in continuation until all was finished : and still in undeviating progression of development until the final consummation of all things. Nor can it be denied that that plan is the production of the combined attributes of the Almighty Creator of heaven and earth and sea and all things therein contained. It is also incontrovertibly true, that in all the phases and bearings thereof it is to be attributed to the same great first cause bf all things ; so that n **•*« 0» aHLTAnON, consider aa necessarr^iS ^f^^' ^'> «»>8t of the whole ; therelrf W? "°*^ essential parts admitted that there wTa^l "^Z* ?" allowed^ ted in the council of Z A ^^^ "-«* '^op. It must also be admitted^";*/, ^fT »" ^^^* Of^^^tily have been i,?fi„K *^** plan m„«t „t' all the parts and be8ri^'^K*"""?'"*'*«"«^« w quentljr tj,at GodbMbf^ ^''■^^' ""^ cons** gl-y whatsoev:? ttf to Sr"^' ^- ^^^ "tumbling blSrinv'''L„r'^> ^' » ^y and telents of Arminians We h^"'"'* '* **»« ?«•« «d ; but such opposiZn f. '^*'" ""»«!» occup ■• on those who h^CbeTn ^Uf " ^ ^'^'^^n vww the subject in its vr/^^"*'*'' '^^ l«d to ;vho tern, the 6ocMne at pLT^'^"'^- ^hese ieresy, surely do not <^f 7^^' J"'?*'"'' damnable sideration the perfect^^ A°fP ^^"^ ^n»"« con- >n hi«glorious^a2Ses nt^ri^'S'^God necessary distinction beWn' \*^^y P"* the niwsive decrees, arthon!* P"^'*'''^ and per- ^riptures are ^^t^^rr'Za^'^T °* *e the subject. View fL ji. ! "^ conclusive on the tares and the whit 2?*""^' *''*' P^^We of persuaded that there^ra^fff^"" T°»* ^ut be 8»wmg of the two s^edslttf '^""^ '*«*'^««n the «nd the other pennTsstT" Th°"fi .^*?' P*'""'^^. yeMherearo two dSnV J^^ ^*'^.« one, and ent sowe«_the mS oS'^^'* two difier- KerSvteef £ ^---dXU^| ^«.%it<^.tK^4Xi£rcx rtJkS O*- SAtVAtlO** ^ entered into the council 'f the Trinity in the original plan, if the attributes of God are allowijd any concern in those two differently expressed transactions. The one is the positive work of the master of the field ; but the other the work of an enemy by permission. Therefore, for the farther elucidation of this most important subject, I shall treat of the decrees of God in their two* fold character of positive for all good ; and per- missive for all evil. Positive decrees as bearing on all the works and ways of God in Creation, Providence, and Grace. 1st. The works of Creation, are to be attributed to the Great First Cause of all things ; and surely no man of judgment will be so daringly presump- tuous as to deny to the Creator the prerogative of perfect purpose and design ; and the perfec- tion of his purposes depends on the perfection of his attributes for the accomplishment of the stu- pendous fabric of the material creation, which the Lord God made in six days, when he pronounced them all very good — all perfectly suitable to the eternal design of the counsel of his own free will. In that sentence of approbation may be under- ;,tood the perfection of design and execution, for the work, when finished, stands the test of per- fect survey ; and the plan and design therefore must be considered perfect. It must be allowed that he who executed the whole was the original projector, and that the whole emanated from the com sel of his own will. And we must conclude that the design amounts to an absolute decree ; because all things whatsoever come to pase^, :^» -^HP' \ he Is the Great Fh-st Ca ,,« *? ' ,T^ therefore, as could have bei^^ J^^ "^ «1 things, nothi.^ V ^othmg could be cot^J^^" ^l""""* hin., and purpose; and. when Tpurpotd h °^* ^'"5 ""s purposes and dS J"' ""P^^diate control perfect attributes of thlGodh ^ ^^^'^' "^ the all his Tvorks are done i„t v*"*^' and therefore ?«««• "The wor£°ofhirhaL'''''^ '" '•'«'»*«»"«- judgment : all his comlS' T ^'"'^y »nd They stand fast for eveS^"'' *"■« «ure. m truth and uprightness ''pr""' ^^ '"'^^'^^^ fore what mav ann^T^ r^ ' *'^'- ^8. There the works ofth^e Son "tote t"^'*^'' ""- "^ design and order of perfect IT^P''*''''^ ^ith W'lg counsel, would ff !? """hutes, and uner- iound to be threffer'tf f^^'^^ understood, be A'-nighty powe'r,!:?: J thrt^ wisdom'and human power and wisckl ^V*"""'* "hility of ^orks of the creation mav "anJ^""^ P""^' of the ed man to be, whaXy a^e ^r' *° ^'"•t-'ight- y are often profanely call- '^:' PLAN OF SALVATION. 25 ed, freaks of nature ; but if the purpose for which they were intended were once understood, they would be clearly found to be the effects of wise purpose and design, and would be allowed their own place and purpose among the other parts of the works of the All-wise and Ahnighty Creator. If the use which God intended them for were re- vealed to the discontented creature, he would be constrained to acknowledge his own ignorance, and his over-hasty conclusions, and admire in the vast system of creation, the wisdom and perfect design ^discoverable in the v/hole, as well as the perfection of execution by Almighty power. When the body of man is minutely analyzed, every part is found to answer its own purpose ; and the original design of wisdom is conspicuously displayed. Although all the parts of God's works are not equally pleasing to the taste and choice ' of man ; yet the system requires their co-operation, and would be defective without them; and the original plan could not be considered the plan of unerring wisdom, counsel, and design : and there- fore although many parts of the great system may appear unworthy of a place among the more beautiful, and apparently more useful parts, yet when they are found to be necessary and beneficial in their own place, and for their own purpose, they must be allowed to have entered into the original purpose and design of him who cannot err ; and in that view they could be pronounced YGty good by him who made them all after the counsel of his own will— all suitable to the pur- pose which the creator had for them — all for his own glory. If man had sufficient knowledge, ■!^- 26 ^^^ OP SALVATION. ■■t: skin, and abilifv f^. i ^hole organized JsLmoSf .•""<* ^'"^^y the fection of knowledffrwifh ^f-^u""' '^'*'» the per- '^eyed them when he^^^ "^ *^^ ^'^"'"r «ur. good, he would a" „feP„7.~d /hem all very Maker, and my with Chat «n '^'"'''"» "^ his ^hmgs could nnf k^ ^^ ^*' ^as verv o-onrl original fi^fcSe f anSW *" *"'?* ^"^oTtt " «t any other first cause 1* '' '"Pos^ble to arrive revealed to us in trHoIvaS^ ^T' ^'''' Cause Jteelf, in some in«f7n„ ^'®- Natural religion Philo8opher«,TrrS 7' r°?^ **»« heaC imperfect, of the knowled J „^n*'!^«' ''"^^ver of all things ; for ""he infelS-'^ "^ *« Creator the creation of the wo Jw ?'°«« of him from understood by the thiSlw "'"^'''j' «««»- beinj eternal power and rf "^u h* ^""^ ™ade, even hif without excuJerbecS^S 'I *-* they ^e God they glorified hta not f n'^'^r *^«J^ ^new thankful; but became v2i^,^"?'^'."«'ther were and their foolish hearts Ceda^ ™^*n--*tions, >ng themselves to be y^ZtLf^^^""^ ' Profess- phanged the slorv afthlT ^^ hecatae fools, and image mde iK^e^br^*'"^ ^"'^ ^^^^ and to four-footed bS^ , '^ '"'"'' «n % I^'^AW OP SALVATIOiff. n^oric o\ his oTrn hanrla >rt. ^ ^^ snared in tho ;s plainly revealed to .,t 1 • «^ec"«on of what "» the scriptures of truth ^ "l«Piration of God unchangeable purpose of P T "i"'"-'^ ^^e eternal his own wUl/ ife'^^f Gk.d, after the counsR Bible, from beginning ?„!"5'^« *hat the who?e tinuoua chain of wef? " ^°^' exhibits one o„„ eternal decrees aTd^^^T"*^'' «^«nte in piW "j that whether men h«r ^''^^ ^'^''tion of g^ce «f ;-!,- "on' t? ''sSr'^, --" whICe; i- J^d from ail eternit;. ^dth/V*^^ foundation is ?»«?%than that iflaid wh- K^°?°*''*«on can no 1 Cor iii. a. j^ ;« Sj^'^'h 18 Jesus OhWst » ^onaliy enquire whrtCr ^C^^- "^g'^e- we 1 to the plan of salvation ?, ®^"">ing can be found ye ate saved through feth^ ^'T ' "^^^ by^e ««lves : it is the gtftof P ^' ""** *»* "ot of f^' PLAN OF SALVATION. 35 they are and were created. Christ, as the wis- dom of God, was set set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was, then he was by the Lord, as one brought up with him, and was daily his delight, rejoicing always before him ; rejoicing in the habitable part of his earth,, and his delights were with ^ the sons of men. — •^■' Prov. viii. 31. Thus, then, the true remedy was provided for us from everlasting. The plan of salvation, therefore, must have been devised and adopted in the counsel of the Trinity from all eternity. There is a question often broached on this pubject, viz : whether there was a definite num- ber to be saved, as originally predestinated and decreed in th«3 eternal purpose of God. The solution to that question must be given in plain and positive terms, that unquestionably there was a definite number elected and set apart by a positive decree for 'mmortal glory, and that definite number known to God only; and that number cannot be increased or diminished : but it is a number which cannot be calculated by the limited capacity of the creature. To God all things are possible. "Hetelleth the number of the stars ; he calleth them all by their names. Great is our Lord, and of great power ; his under- standing is infinite." — ^Ps. cxlvii. 4, 5. But man being of limited capacity seeth not afar off, and therefore must say that the number by him is unlimited, as John declared of his prophetic vision of the elect. " After this, I beheld, and lo, a great multitude which no man could num- ber, out of all nations, kindreds, and people and 36 PLAN OF SALVATION. [jongnes, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands : an [ cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation to our God who sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb." — Rev. vii, 9, 10. What is impossible with man, is possible with God, there- fore we must not, by our short-sightedness, attempt to limit the Holy One of Israel. " Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world." — Acts xv. 15. Even the very mem- bers of our bodies were written in his book, in his eternal purpose of salvation and unalterable decrees. "Thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect ; and in thy book all my members were written which in continuance were fashion- ed, when as yet there was none of them." — ^Ps. cxxxix. 16. And in like manner, all the parts and portions, however minute, of the beautifully organized and magnificently constituted fabric of the creation were as assuredly known to God, and written in his book, before any of them had a being, as that the members of man were written in his book, when as yet there was none of them. If so, could he be ignorant of the purpose for which he intended them to be made? Therefore we arrive easily at the necessary conclusion that by positive decrees all things were made; hyr positive decrees of providence all things are ruled and governed; and by positive decrees of grace jill the elect are chosen and brought to theE condition of Salvation, by the powerful operations of the word and Spirit of the Lord, according to the eternal purposes of mercy and grace of him who made them. PLAN OP SALVATION. 37 In like manner, by the same mode of reason- ing, the Church of Christ, called in scripture " one body" made up, and composed of many members, may easily be understood to have been all written in his book, perfectly enumerated, computed, and organized, and constituted in the original eternal purpose and design, and indeed the pass- age I have quoted from the book of Psalms refers particularly and specially to the Church of Christ as one body composed of many members, and given by the Apostle Paul in his masterly reason- ing on the subject. " For as the body is one and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body, so also is Christ, for by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free ; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit. For the body is not one member but many." — 1 Cor. xii. 12, &c. And besides, as the Old Testament, with its con-i tents, is typical, prophetic, and parabolic, David, a type of Christ, who spoke of his members being all written in the book of God, "when as yet there was none of them," typifies, and personifies Jesus Christ, and consequently, the body he intro- duces to our notice, in the Psalm which I have quoted, is typical of the Church of Christ ; and the language therefore is to be applied in the New Testament form to the Church of Christ, as a body composed of many members, but one body ; tiiere- fore all the members of Christ were written in God's book, when as yet there was none of them : and consequently purposed and decreed for im- mortal glory, as the Bride the Lamb's wife, 3 38 PLAN OF SALVATION. without the possibility of failure, or diminution. And indeed it would not be doing justice to the attributes of the Godhead whose work we all are ; lor **he made us and not we ourselves," to har- bour a thought contrary to these views ; for no man even of the human race, who is endowed with rational intellect, could, for a moment, be con- sidered so devoid of prudence as to begin to build a house without plan and specifications, and with- out purpose and design, with regard to the building when finished : and really it cannot pos- sibly be conceived how any being could begin any piece of work, of any kind, without purpose and design : how then could it be supposed that the All-wise God should begin the vast stupen- dous works of Creation, of Providence, and of grace without plan, purpose, or design? There- fore every individual part and particle of the materials must have been designed for its own place and office in the grand constituted whole, else imperfection, and inaptitude would be the .consequence ; and disorder and confusion would follow as the unavoidable result : and that again would bring discredit on the perfect Attributes of our Maker but that cannot be, for " God does nothing in vain;" therefore we must, so as to avoid the imputation of imperfection to the Attributes of the Godhead, conclude that the All- wise God purposed and decreed, after the counsel of his own will, and for his own glory, the whole works of Creation, Providence and Grace before the foundation of the world, that is, from all eternity. It must be allowed that God, as the^ All-wise PLAN OF SALVATION. 39 master-builder, planned the whole works of Creation, and designed every, the minutest par- ticle of the necessary elements for its own purpose ; and therefore there was a design in the original, eternal plan for every thing which the Lord God had made ; and the sentence of appro- bation passed upon them all proves the perfection of construction, organization and adaptation of the whole : " And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good." — Gen. i. 31. All suitable to their purpose and design. Now that sentence of approbation proves perfec- tion of purpose and design, as well as perfection of execution : and the same unchangeable God who perfectly executed the whole works of Crea- tion, is also perfect in all his works of Providence and Grace : so that we can safely conclude that in over-ruling and regulating the whole the same perfection characterizes every part of his mode of procedure : the same original, unerring wisdom and Almighty power by which all things were created, are still in imabated activity in the dis- posal of all events. The same attributes of Godhead are unchangeable, and therein is our security and dependence, that all things shall be made to contribute to the good of the whole body, so that the end which God had originally in view may be fully and completely answered for his own glory. He cannot fail in the execution of his own purposes and designs : for he is Almighty God, and nothing is impossible with God. 4ft PLAN OP SALVATION. PERMISSIVE DECREES. Hitherto I have restricted myself to the posi- tive decrees of God as they regard the works of creation, providence «nd grace ; but I proposed to illustrate the subject also by references to the permissive decrees of the same God, which may not be so easily understood, or so readily acknow- ledged : and the reason may be supposed to be, that decrees of permission are seldom attended to : nay, but decrees of positive character are too seldom attended to, according to their impor- tance. In our enquiry after the cause of things we are more apt to attend to the thing performed than to the performer himself: and besides when viewing the vast expanse of the universe in our contemplations we are apt to neglect a highly important part of the subject, to which the word of inspiration alone can safely lead us, that is, original purpose and design: and even should decrees be admitted at all, as of a positive unchangeable character, permissive decrees sel- dom can be found as properly attended to in favourite adopted systems. I consider it therefore necessary to pay considerable attention to this division of the subject, and to illustrate it at some length, as the importance of the subject requires : for which purpose I consider the parable of the tares and the wheat a very satisfactory illustra- tion of the character of positive and permissive decrees of God ; positive for all good, and per- missive for all evil : and by both, the sovereignty and prerogative of the Creator sustained. Should a person examine a field of beautiful wles8ed God and Saviour ; else for what purpose was the Remedy provided, but to meet the exigencies of the fallen elect world? The Mediator was appointed in the council of the Trinity from all eternity to make reconciliation between God and men : and that alone Mediator is called the Son of Man, referring to the human nature which he, the Eternal Son of God was to assume. There would have been no need for a reconciliatory sacrifice ; nor would any such arrangement of mercy have been made, were it not that evil or sin was permissively decreed to enter the world, and death by sin. A permissive decree, therefore, for evil to enter into the fair creation of God, must have been co-existent with the act of grace, in which the Remedy was provided. The All-wise Gt)d would not surely appoint a Saviour and Redeemer unless it were certain that his gracious, and merciful interposition should be 46 ri-AN OF 8ALVATIOM, tf^« vast ci-oa«„„To uL tY"' <^°'' '«« not «"lls order out'of" "^..fc'" ''°^^"'""» ' "V ho I'* I'ght, and then, S Vh/'"'*'^-^''' '*' there Perfootly„rranffe« •>«- *'"' oi ,„,i„ „,:,|, ..iP .."""• there ho saw the and provided, r„'t'l:S uS' ~1'>~ «fov,l and for destro^h I an :tT ""« P''"^*'^^ and redeem an elect worlcf ''' '° "« '" «ave -'"' sirdirni "Lvr r ^^*''- J«creo8, Predestinatio, and tl,e ? ^^7'"^ »»»« grace were those that sha I .. * ^'""P ^'^'"'"n of joys of the redeemed in ShtK'*f'"*'"'P"*« '" the their sins without a Savfur' ,^"' '""«t perish in death, and to eternal Sv o^'TI *" «"'- ^o decree, and the free e e^ f ^/ ^ '^« P««tive promise were "chosen ?; °^ ^"^ee the heirs of foundation of thrZld th ?' ^''f'^* hefo^e the; and without blame before h '^^ '^T^^ »>« ho?? Pi-edestinated us nnto Z t^*"™. "» '°^e : having Jesus Christ to Ssdf !i?^?»°fehildren f pleasure of his willT Ih. "''".'^'"^ *<> the good his grace, wherJin ht^ Eth^™«? "^ the glor? "? th^beloved."_Eph i. C&c " "' "^'^P'^^ i" leftL tldrownlst'r'"*'''^^ "^^^•••'e ^^ere the deserved wrath "f X^"f ^'^.T themselves "oiy, a righteous, and a PLAN OF SALVATION* just God : but those who would Imve the word of God bond and yiold to their system without decrees, charge God foolinhly, and pei*vort that portion of the word of God, as they do the other scriptures to their own destruction. But what brought the tares or wmut into the field among the wheat? Who sowed them there? and what right had they to the field, where the Son of man sowed the good seed? The good seed are declared by Jesus Christ himself to be the chil- dren of the kingdom, the heirs of promise, the elect, who were ordained to the adoption of children by Jesus Christ. But the tares or smut are the children of the wicked one, and he that sowed them is the devil ; therefore the master of the field has a perfect right to bestow his blessings upon his own children, and to deal with the wicked according to the laws of equity and justice: therefore, "he will have mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth. Thou will say then unto mo, *Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will,* Nay but, O man, who ai*t thou that repliest against God ? Shall the thing form- ed say to him that formed it, 'Why hast thou made me thus ? ' Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour? What if God, willing to show. his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much long- suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruc- tion ; and that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, prepared unto glory, even us whom he hath called, not of the 48 PLAN OF SALVATION. Jews only, but also of the Gentiles ? "—Rom. IX. lo, Z0» yr-' i That may appear to many too hard a sentence ; and those who deny the election of grace would, no doubt, wish that no such language should be found in the Bible, because it comes too harshly to their ears, as a plain, manifest con- tradiction of their pre-conceived, adopted, cher- ished Arminian dogmas and system ; but it is the plain, positive scripture of truth — the veritable word of God, from the pen or diction of the inspired Apostle Paul, and not only delivered by him as he received it from the Lord Jesus Christ ; but also corroborated by the whole inspired volume. Hear another passage on the same rejected and shamefully repudiated subject, from the same inspired Book. " Even so then at this present time also, there is a remnant according to the election of Grace. And if by grace, then is it no more of works ; otherwise grace is no more fijracc. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace : otherwise work is no more work. What then? Israel hath net obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded (according as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of slum- be: , eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear) unto this day. And David s^ith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumbling-block, and a recom- pense unto them: Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway." — ^Bom. xi. 5, .;' ■ r'-y. ';4pi*h \f M PLAN OF SALVATION. TYPICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE PLAN OF SALVATION. p/} 'll:' ADAM FIRST TYl'K OF CHRIST, i ■^ if) Aclam, by interpretation, signifies earth, or red earth, no doubt to perpetuate the idea of his being made of the dust of the earth, and that to dust he should return ; although not mortal until by permissive decree, sin entered into the world, and death by sin ; and in all ages of the world, that was to be the memento of our final earthly destiny. Not only have we presmu^ /ive evidence from many agreeing peculiarities of condition and re- sponsil)ility, in the type Adam, and in the Anti- type Jesus Christ ; but we have the express word of God to prove them type and Anti-type : " And so it is written, * The first man Adam was made a living soul, the last Adam was made a quickening ' spirit. How be it that was not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural ; and after- wards that which is spiritual. The first man is of the earth, earthy ; the second man is the Lord from heaven." ' — 1 Cor. xv. 45. The case being thus fulh" established by the language of inspiration, there need be no farther hesitation on tlio subject ; but we may safely pro- ^ cecd to shew some develo]iments of the plan of salvation through Jesus Christ as appropriate views may be supplied from what is declared and PLAN OF SALVATION. 59 rovojilcMl in tlio Holy Bihlo, n) tho dcclanitioim Mild coininuuioations of tho Lord God lo Adam in the course ot* liistoiy in tho Ilolv Jiihh». "And Adam was not dcMoiviMl ; but tho woman l)oin<^ dcooivod was in tho trMni;roHsion." — 1 Tim. ii. 14. In like ni inner Christ iho Antiiypo to Adam was not docoivod ; but tho woman, iK-in^Lr deceived was in the transgression. Wonian in scripture language signitics church : and thoretore tho church, being deceived was in the transgres- sion ; but when the case of trial came the transgression was charged ui)on Adam, bc( ause he stood in covenant with God as the covenant head : and so in like manner, when the case of trial came with regard to our transgression, the guilt of our sins was charged against Jesus Christ, who stood in covenant with God as tho covenant head ; and therefore as the guilt of tho transgres- sion of Eve fell on Adam, so did the guilt of our transgressions fall upon Jesus Christ, as the covenant-head with God from all eternity, in exact correspondence of Type and Antitype. "All we, like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way ; and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of ns all." — Isa. liii. C). Although these transactions in tho gaiden of Eden, may be considered clearly typical of Jesus Christ and transactions regarding him, as our covenant head and surety with God ; they could not be understood in their minute particular bearings as having any the most distant reference to the transactions exhibited in the history of «Tesus Christ, at that early period of the develop- ments )f the plan of salvation ; yet when we have JO ri,AN or SALVATION. i I I tho written liistory of Ihcin a8 accomplished and fuUillcd, wo can compare and recognise the typical transactions and (characters in wliat tho New Testament affords on tho snhject. " And the Lord God said nnto the woman, what is this that thou hast done? And the wcmian said, the serpent l)egniled me, and I did eat." — Gen. iii. 13. There is a very important and marked difference between the manner of the charge against Adam, and the charge against the woman, wortliy of serious attention. The Lord God's address to Adam, "Where art thou?" whereas the address to Eve is, "What is this that thou hast done ? " " The man was not in tho transgres- sion ; but the woman, being deceived, was in the transgression." So it was with Jesus Christ and his elect Church. Christ was not in the transgres- sion ; but the elect Church, being deceived was in the transgression. Adam shews no reluctance in receiving from Eve the forbidden fruit ; nor did he express any words to criminate the woman for what she had done : neither did Jesus Christ shew any reluctance to have our sins imputed to him ; nor to receive from the church what brought the guilt of our transgressions upon him. Adam upbraided not Eve for what she had done ; and neither did nor doth, nor shall Jesus Christ iipl)raid the church — the woman which the Lord God gave to be with him. " He was oppressed, and he was afflicted ; yet he opened not his mouth : he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he opened not his mouth." — Isa. liii. 7. Neither did Adam and Jilve, in a condemnatory manner, charge thq PLAN OF SALVATION. 01 nfuilt of tho trans<^'es8ion agjiinst tho seq^ont ; nor (lid they hrinaf any railinfr accnHation against hlni, but merely declared tho fact before the Lord, when th(^ question was put to the woman, what is this that thou hast done? And in like manner, "Michael the archangel, when contend- ing? with the Devil, (they disputed about tho body of Moses) durst not bring a railing accusa- tion against him, but merely said, "The Lord rebuke thee." — Judo. i. 9. And why durst he not bring a railing accusation against him, but because tho scriptures had to be fuliilled : and perfect harmony and accordance had to bo main- tained according to tho original purpose and design of tho counsel of the glorious Trinity. Adam and Eve left tho whole decision witli the Lord God, and in harmony with that, the archangel Michael said, "The Lord rebuke thee." Thus far therefore, we behold perfect harmony and consonance, not only between Type and Antitype, but also between typical and antitypical transactions and circumstances, as original de- velopments of the plan of Salvation through Jesus Christ our Lord — transactions and circum- stances related of Adam and Eve, plainly aud substantially elicited and fuliilled in Jesus Christ and his bride — the elect Church — the woman which the Lord God gave to be with him, so that we are enabled to trace the connection of events to our full satisfaction. "And the Lord God said unto the serpent, because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the Held : upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy lifo. 5 62 PLAN OF SALVATION. I 1 I, And I will put enmity between thee ftnd the woman, and between thy seed and her seed ; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. — Gen. iii. 14, 15. : "^; •. ' di c .iv/ ? - ' That also must be considered, and interpreted in the same manner as the rest of the narration has been interpreted, as being inseperably con- nected with the rest of the t^^pical transactions ; therefore, we must consider the serpent just w^hat it is declared to be, by the language of inspira- tion, a serpent more subtle than any beast of the field w^iicli the Lord God had made ; and again cursed above all cattle, and above everv beast of the field : to go upon its belly, and to eat dust all the days oi its life : and to feel the effects of the enmity put between it and the woman, and its seed and the seed of the woman, in the full accom- plishment of the threatened vengeance upon it by the seed of the woman. .u,: vi;; i»r t Many conjectures are advanced on this subject, as on every other subject, w^hich appears dark and mysterious to short-sighted inquisitive man, viz. whether the serpent was an identical serpent, or an incarnate devil, or the devil actually under the appearance of such a reptile, such as we see, going on its belly, according to the original sentence which was passed upon it. As all the rest of this important narrative must be consider- ed purely tyj)ical, so must the part which refers to the serpent be considered typical in all the bearings thereof; we are to consider it therefore a material serpent influenced by an evil spirit which communicated by diabolical injection what we have narrated in the holy word of God as vil ■ PLAN OF SAi. NATION. 03 every experienced christian can declare from the multiplicity of satauic injections which he has been painfully conscious of in the times of tempta- tion ; and more fully evidenced in the Gadarene possessed of Legion : nothing was visible to the human view, but a wretched, distracted man; but Christ addressed an invisible being Avhom he knew to possess the human visible object, but it was from the invisible spirit he received the answer which wo have on record in the New Testament — My name is Legion, for we are many." We need not therefore have any doubt on the subject, when we find the devil making use of the human voice to reply to Christ's question put to him. On extraordinary occasions, we find extraordinary means are used, such as Balaam's ass made to speak, with man's voice, to reprove the madness of the prophet. As Adam was a type of Christ, and Eve a type of the elect Church, even so was the serpent a representation of the old serpent, wdiich is the devil, and Satan ; and as that serpent deceived Eve, so does and did the old serpent, which is called the devil and Satan, deceive the woman, the elect Church. I have said the elect Church because I have nothing to do with any but those who are the component parts or members of the Bride — the Lamb's wife — the woman which the Lord God gave to Jesus Christ to be with him here, and hereafter, for ever and for ever ; that where he is there she may be also. The Church, the Bride, the Lamb's wife, is typified by Eve — the mother of all living, and therefore I cannot, in 64 PLAN OF SALVATION. I'll ^ ■tf *s this illiistnition of Type and Antitype, extend my views beyond their limit ; these tire the subjects I have to do with, and I cannot admit any but the elect Church into the discussion . ^ '^ '^ * " t - ' ^^ ^>' < ' "Unto the woman he aaid, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception : in sorrow shtdt thou bring forth children ; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. — Gen. iii. 16. As Eve is a type of the Church so must those sorrows and conceptions be considered as representing the many sorrows and afflictions which sin has entailed upon the Church : and we have numberless doleful instances of the sorrowful condition of man in every age of the histoiy of the sin-afflicted world, and in every stage of man's progress frem the cradle to the gi'ave, until the dust retur i to the dust as it was. "Although affliction cometh not forth of the dust, neither doth trouble spring out of the gi'ound ; yet man is born unto trouble as the sparks fly upward." — Job. v. 6, 7. That refers to the Church, especially at the time referred to by the sorrow and conception of Eve, the type of the Church, i. e., the time of conviction, and regeneration, and new birth. " Why criest thou for thine affliction ? Thy sorrow is incurable for the multitude of thine iniquity : because thy sins were increased, I have done these things unto thee. — Jer. xxx. 15. That case runs parallel with the original denunciation, "I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception," — sorrow commensurate with the increase of sins, as the just consequence of iniquity : and therefore what was originally imposed is obseiTed uniformly PLAN OF SALVATION, Go as the inevitable consequence of the iniquity of iiiankind, ingrafted into our nature, and felt in ail its baneful consequences until the dust return unto the dust as it was, and the spirits to God who g{\ve them ; and the Lord God declared to her that he would greatly multiply her sorrow and conception, and that her desire should be to her husband, and that he should rule over her. f? oi :-? r:^*' -^^itfi msmii Although these circumstances may appear at first sight wofuUy disastrous and afflictive, and that nothing further is contained in them, than the bare imposition of punishment on account of transgression and disobedience ; but when we consider them as we must inevitably do, typical declarations, we have implied in them early developments of things great and glorious, in connection with the plan of salvation through Jesus Christ; the woman being considered a type of the Church ; in the sorrow and concep- tion of Eve which were to be greatly multiplied, are conspicuously shadowed forth, the great tribu- lations out of which the multitude that no man could number out of all nations, kindreds, tongues, and peoples would come, who would wash their robes, and make them white, in the blood of the lamb ; and who were seen by John in pro- phedc vision standing before the throne in white robes, and palms in their hands. That may appear to some to be an over-strain- ed and ^orced meaning : but when Eve is viewed as typical of the Church, we are constrained to follow out the same mode of interpretation iu relation to her as in other cases in connection (U) I'LAN OF SALVATION. ! and consistency, especially when we read that her desire was to be to her husband, and that he should rule over her. As the Church is the Bride, which was typified by the woman Eve, "which the Lord God gave to Adam to be with him, so the Church is the woman which the Lord God gave to Christ to be with him for ever, according to his own declaration, "I will come again and receive you to myself, that where I am there ye may be also." Likewise, "and I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me." — John xii. 32. In this passage he refers to the manner of his death, and the blessed effects thereof, as well as to his resuiTection and ascension: and that thus he would draw all men unto him, to be constituted into the form of Church, as one body of whom he should be the Head, as is more fully set forth in the following corroborative declaration : " Let not your heart be troubled : ye believe in God. believe also in me. In my Father's house are many mansions ; if it were not so I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and pre- pare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself ; that where I am there ye may be also ; and whither I go ye know, and the way ye know." — John xiv. 1, &c. These declarations are in perfect accordance, and run parallel with the typical declaration of Adam. " The Tvoman thou gavest to be with me, gave me, and I did eat." Eve was ijiven to Adam to be with him ; and answeral)ly to that, the Church, the Bride, was given to Jesus Christ, to be with him, therefore he draws all men m^io PLAN OF SALVATION. 67 liim, Jiiul hi.s i)re8eiic(i is vouchHsifVd to the Church, the Bride, Avhile on earth, and more gloriously in heaven, for having gone before lis to prepare a place for us, he will com j again according to his promise, and receive ns unto himself, that where he is there we may he also. " And Adam called his wife's name Eve ; because she was the mother of all living : in like manner, the Church is the mother of all those who are brought from spiritual death to spiritual life in Christ Jesus. Eve, as a type of the Church, was the mother of all living according to humanity ; and the Church, as typified by Eve, is the mother of all living according to spirituality. " Unto Adam also, and to his wife, did the Lord God make coats of skin, and clothed them." — Gen. iii. 21. In that passfige also, there is held forth a vast amount of information connected with all the rest of the views which I have been illustrating as early developments of portions of the plan of salvation. Adam and Eve had their eyes opened to see themselves naked in the fallen condition, as the consequence of the woman's transgression, for the. transgression cannot be charged against Adam, else we would have also to charge the transgression of the church against Christ, the second man the Lord from heaven, which would be as mucb^as if we should charjsre the sins of the Church against God, in consis- tency of Type and Antitype. ■ - --^ And >dam was afraid because hi^ was naked, and Adam hid himself; " Unto Adam also, taid to bis wife did the Lord God make coats of skins, and clothed them." The coats of skin are also r 68 PJ.AN OF SALVATION. typical of the righteousness of Jc.- '^< Christ, which he wrought out for us by his own obedi- ence, even unto the death of the cross, that we might not be naked, and afraid as Adam was, and. as every soul is, which sees himself naked before God ; sees himself naked , stript of the original righteousness ; and thus exposed to the wrath and threatened vengeance of a Holy, a Righteous, and a Just God, which we justly deserved by our sins ; and would inevitably have to be poured out upon us in the righteous judgment of God. The Lord God adorned man, whom he made in his own image, after his own likeness, with original righteousness, innocency, and holiness ; but when man fell by the trans,^:ression of tlie woman which the Lord God gave to be with him, he lost the original perfections of his nature, and he was removed from the garden to cultivate the unpro- ductive, barren ground. It may be safely assert- ed that the skins with which the Lord God clothed the man and the woman, were typical of the righteousness of Jesus Christ with which he clothes his saints — " the Lamb of God slain from the foundation of the world." "And all that dwell on the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world." — Rev. xiii. 8. May not> that expression, "slain from the foundation of the world," be considered slain typically, as the sikins of the sacrifices were placed on Adam and Eve, in expectation and an- ticipation of the rigMeousness of God, as the bright, pure, and white garments in which the Bridegroom and Bride shall forever shine, in dazzling splendor and gl()ry. PLAN OP SALVATION. 69 An ol)jection might be made to that view by taking a carnal view of the subject, as the Bride- groom had never lost his original, inherent right- eousness ; and therefore required not to work out righteousness to cover himself withal : but here it must be remembered that he laid aside for a season the splendors of his glory, on our account, and took not the nature of angels, but the seed of Abraham. "Let fchis mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus : who being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God : but made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a seiTant, and was made in the likeness of man ; and being found in fashion as a man, he humbled him.self, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross." — Phil. ii. 5, (fee. Tn this condition may we not behold him as the Antit;)'pe to Adam in his fallen condition. Adam as type descended low from his original state ; so did Jesus Cln-ist from his original eter- nal condition with the Father : Adam, by the transgression ot the woman which the Lord God gave to be with him, and agreeably to that typi- cal transaction, Jesus C^hrist, came very low, in consequence of the iniquity of us all being laid on him. "We all like sheep have gone astray, we turned each to his own way, and the Lor are brought into spiritual life in Christ Jesus and who live no longer to themselves, but to him who died for them, and rose again. The garden of Eden was, in the same manner, an appropriate Tj^pe of the Church of Christ in the recovered and adopted condition, or of the kingdom of heaven, or of grace, on earth. The first man was placed in the garden of Eden 1) keep it and dress it, to shadow forth, in that early condition of the world, the second Man, the Lord from heaven, who is represented or typified by the tree of life in the midst of the garden, as dwell- ing in his Church, that the beautiful harmony of type and Antitype may be kept up, shewing clearly that all things connected with the cove- nant of grace, in grand positive arrangement, in the eternal counsel of the glorious Trinity, were irreversibly decreed by an All-wise God. In short, the whole views given in the holy Bible of ihe garden of Eden, and all circumstances connected with its history, are eminently typical 6 ^^^^ <^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT.3) O ^ 1.0 :^i^ ui A "^ i4i 12.2 ~ ^ M 11 « l£& 12.0 FhotogFaphic Vf " And unto Adam he said, ' Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, * Thou shalt not eat of it ; cursed is the ground for thy sake ; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life ; thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee ; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field ; in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground ; for out of it wast thou taken : for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return." — Gen. iii. 17, &c. Although the curse was denounced against the ground while Adam was in the garden, yet the effects of it were to be experienced by him after his removal from the garden. It was not on the ground within the garden the curse was im- posed ; but on the barren ground outside : and that view harmonizes beautifully with the antitypical objects represented thereby — the ground within the pale of the covenanted church, as to its spirit- ual condition : neither is it thorns and thistles it produces,' hut the peaceable fruits of righteous- ness, as typified by the productions of the typical garden ; but the groimd without the precincts of PLAN OP SALVATION. n the consecrated domain, while left in that con- dition of uncultivated wilderness, lying under the curse, could not, in that uncultivated state, pro- duce any thing, but thorns and thistles, just as the condition of the Church in the days cf Ezekiel is described. "And thou, son of man, be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of their words, though briers and thorns be with thee, and thou dost dwell amon^ scorpions : be not afraid of their words, nor be dismayed at their looks, though they be a rebellious house." — Ezek. ii. 6. As I consider the uncultivated ground from which Adam was to eat bread in the sweat of his face, typical, or representative of the Church, in its natural, uncultivated condition, producing only thorns and thistles, I have also to consider Adam a type of Jesus Christ, sent forth to the Church, which was under the wrath of God for sin, in its natural state of depravity, to eat bread in the sweat of his face. "And he said unto them, I have bread to eat that ye know not of." — John iv. 32. He did not mean by that declaration, that he had natural food to eat for the nourishment of his body, that they knew not of, but he referred to the recovery and reception of human beings which he longed after : and his mode of repelling the enemy, when tempting him to cause that the stones should be made bread to satisfy his hunger, is a very appropriate illustration of the other case. " And when the tempter came to him, he said. If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. But he answer- ed and said. It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God." — Matt. iv. 3, 4. 76 PLAN or SALVATION. -1 In that place he applies bread to the word of God. In some important applications it refers to the flesh of Jesus Christ, and also to himself, as received by faith of his people ; but, in the typical case we are considering, Adam, destined to eat bread in the sweat of his face, signifies the labours, and sorrows, and soul wrestlings of Jesus Christ for his covenanted people, that they might be made into bread as one body, for the purposes of his grace ; and in a similar sense the Apostle Paul uses the word bread, as in the following passage : " For we, being many, are one bread, and one body : for we are all partakers of that one bread. Behold Israel, after the flesh, are not they who eat of the sacrifices partakers of the altar?" — 1 Cor. x. 17, 18. I consider, then, what was imposed on Adam, as labourer of the uncultivated ground, before he could oat bread, perfectly agreeable and consonant with all the rest of the views which I have advanced as typi- cal circumstances or early developments in the plan of salvation through Jesus Christ our Lord. Adam, no doubt, had to cultivate the ground which would not produce spontaneously as the garden of Eden did ; but the Lord God had a greater and a more glorious object in view, by the whole arrangement of so highly important events, of which we read, with regard to the garden of Eden, than would appear to those who see nothing farther in them than the bare transactions them- selves; but highly important to all who view them, a& they certainly are intended, as early manifestations of the glorious things which are shadowed forth by them, with regard to Christ and the kingdom of grace. PLAN OF SALVATION. «7 ^< As Adam was sent forth out of the garden to cultivate the ground which was placed under the curse for his sake, and had to eat bread in the sweat of his face, so had Christ, who was sent forth out of heaven in the fullness of times, to eat bread in the sweat of his face, in exact accor- dance with the typical transactions. When his sweat in the garden, in soul agony, which was as great drops of blood, is properly considered, and thoroughly understood, some- thing further will be seen in the curse imposed originally upon the ground, than the common barrenness and sterility of the inanimate ground, which the typical Adam and all his descend- ants were, with hard labor and toil, with the sweat of their face, to cultivate before they could eat bread : there would be seen in those typical views, the toils, the soul wrestlings, the priva- tions, and the agonies, and the sufferings, even unto death, of the Son of God, that we, the sterile, barren, unproductive, thorny, thistly ground, might be cultivated, and might be ren- dered grateful, fertile soil — be prepared to re- ceive the good seed of the word, be watered with the dew and showers of grace from heaven, be fanned by the gentle breezes of spiritual in- fluences, and under the bright, renovating, cheer- ing rays of the Sun of Righteousness, be made to produce fruit unto God, to the praise of the glory of his grace. Our views therefore, are not be confined within the narrow limits of the circumstances contained in the historical narration which we read in the short account of events given in the beginning of 78 FLAN OF SALVATION. our Bibles ; because many of the circumstances direct our attention to views infinitely beyond the circumscribed limits of all the historical facts narrated there, as all things in those early devel- opments typified, and shadowed forth more glo^ rious things in reality, than themselves. The threatening against the serpent, that the seed of the woman should bruise his head, will readily be admitted, and why not consider all ,the rest in uniform connection of typical references. It is generally admitted that the bruising of the ser- pent's head, by the seed of the woman, signifies that Jesus, pre-eminently the seed of the woman, shall completely, and finally destroy death, and him that hath the power of death, that is the devil, and completely destroy the kingdom of Satan, erect his own kingdom, the kingdom of heaven, and establish it on the earth; abolish death, and bring life and immortality to light by the gospel. These cases will readily be ad- mitted and conceded, and why should not every other typical circumstance be presented in unison with these, that the original purpose and design of the Trinity might be viewed in early develop- ment in these pristine revelations of exerted sovereignty, for the maintenance of the eternal, unchangeable decrees of a holy, a righteous, and a just God. PL. N OP SALVATION. 79 ,l4f ABEL, SECOND TYPE OF JESUS CHKI8T. m^ 'J""*) '. . " And Adam knew Eve his wife ; and she conceived and bare Cain, and said, I have got- ten a man from the Lord. And she again bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.'' — Gen. iv. 1, 2. I have not honored Cain with a place in the list of the Types of Jesus Christ, although he is the first born, because his own character and conduct disqualify and disentitle him to a place among the honorable and distinguished names in which the Lord deiighteth. His mother called him man, that is, red earth, when he was born, and from that name, which his mother, no doubt, was directed by divine, secret influence to impose, much is to be understood ; as the plan of wisdom was in the early commencement of development, much is contained in the very names of the pro- genitors of the after inhabitants of the earth. Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. Thus we see, even by their oc- cupations, a disparity of condition ; and when we view those early transactions, as prophetically typical, we cannot but discern, from that early dis- parity, the disparity which is intended by them to be shadowed forth in future generations of their progeny. Abel, indeed, had no issue, but was by his occupation and death, an eminent Type of Jesus Christ, the Bishop and Shepherd of our souls, who died for our sins, and rose again for our justification ; but Cain was a tiller of the 80 FLAN OF SALVATION. ground, and a murderer, therefore he could not be honored with a place among the line of the genealogy of Jesu8 Christ ; and therefore he for- ^ited every claim to so honorable a distinction as to be enrolled among the typical representatives of Jesus Christ. But he brought upon himself and upon his race or offspring the curse of God ; and therefore he is a melancholy representation of the devil, whose murderous disposition was early manifested in him, and thus in our further pro- gress, we have to consider him a representation of the devil, under the curse of God, driven out from the face of the earth, as declared by him- self. "Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth; and from thy face shall I be hid ; and I shall be a fugitive and a vagabond in the earth : and it shall come to pass, that every one that findeth me shall slay me." — Gen. iv. 14, Cain, therefore, in thut condition, marked, and stigmatised under the curse of God, is a proper representation of the devil, as all the primitive personages, which are approved of God for their own purposes, for the development of the plan and designs of God, are arranged honorably, in successive order, as Types of Jesus Christ, to keep alive the expectations and antici- pations of the successive generations of an elect world. Abel is an eminent Type of Jesus Christ, by his occupation as keeper of sheep ; and therefore when he^ brought his offering unto the Lord, he brought it of the firstlings of the flock — a typi- cal ofiering by which the Lamb of God who taketh away the sin of the world is typified : and PLAN OF SALVATION. 81 thus not only was he himself typical ; but both himself and his offering were typical : and there- fore " the Lord had respect to Abel, and to his offering, but unto Cain and to his offering, he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell." Cain's offering had no refer- ence to the Lamb of God, and therefore could not be respected. He was Cain, red earth himself, and his offering was like himself, and therefore could not be respected. And besides he was not in the original plan and design, destined to shine among the illustrious ancestors of Jesus Christ ; but was admitted for his own purpose, as was the devil which he represented, according to the per- missive decree of the counsel of the glorious Godhead ; for it was positively decreed that the Son of God should die for our sins ; and therefore it was permissively decreed that Judas Iscariot should betray him, and sell him for thirty pieces of silver, as declared by the mouth of the prophet, long before the prophecy was fulfilled by the loul and treacherous conduct of the traitor: in like manner it was positively decreed that the type, Abel, should be the prototype in suffering death ; and therefore it was permissively decreed that Cain should be a murderer, and slay him. For how could Christ be crucified without enemies to crucify him? It was positively decreed that he should suffer by the hands of wicked men, and may not men of ordinary discernment understand that those wicked men were permissively decreed to perpetrate the deed ? unless we should have have recoiu-se to the foolish, and monstrous alter- native, that God knew that some wicked men 'T ' j.n H ■ ■OPSCTSB? 82 PLAN OF SALVATION. would lay hands on his own Son, but left it to blind chance who those wicked characters should be. In like manner it entered into the plan of salvation, that the great and important events thereof, should be shadowed forth from the foun- dation of the world, in typical characters and transactions, as Christ himself is called *'the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.** — Rev. viii. 8. That is, exhibited in types and sacrifices, by which his death was shadowed forth from the foundation of the world, as pre-concert- ed, purposed, and designed in the eternal counsel of the glorious Godhead ; and therefore his death is early exhibited typically, in the sacrifice of the firstling of the flock ofi^ered to the Lord God by Abel, who himself was an eminent type of him in his priestly office, dying for our sins ; and therefore the whole transactions were pre-concert- ed and irreversibly decreed as the patterns of heavenly things. Jesus Christ knew what the arrangements of the plan of salvation originally were, and he therefore knew that the descend- ants of murderous Cain would kill him, as their father Cain, who represented the devil in his murderous disposition, slew Abel, his own pro- totype in suffering, therefore he said to those whom he knew were permissively decreed to take his life, ** But now ye seek to kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, which I have heard of God: this did not Abraham.** — John viii. 40. And to •. nng his asseveration to the test of the word ot Gud, by allusion to him whom he desig- nated their father as a representation of the devil, tliAK OF SALVATION. 83 he said unto them, "Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do; he was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own : for he is a liar, and the father of it." — ih, 44. He well knew what the lusts of their father, Cain the murderer, were : their progenitor Cain slew righteous Abel, and he knew that what was shadowed forth in the death of Abel his prototype, was to be suffered by himself: and keeping the close consistency of scripture truths, he knew that the very des- cendants of Cain were the permissively decreed perpetrators of the murder shadowed forth in the death of Abel: and therefore he charged them before hand with his own death "the lusts of your father ye will do." It may be conjectured, and also maintained, without scripture proof, that the descendants of Cain were extirpated and annihilated by the flood; and that therefore none of them ever; appeared in the world since that destroying deluge ; but the seed of the serpent, by which Cain was actuated when he slew his righteous brother Abel, was not extirpated or annihilated,, for Jesus Christ, who knew what was in man^i and needed not that any one should tell him what was in man*, addressed them by their ser- pentile designations and characters. "Wherefore, ye be witness to yourselves, that ye are the chiW dren of them which killed the prophets. Fill yer up then the measure of your fathers, ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the 84 PLAN OP SALVATION. damnation of hell?" — Matt, xxiii. 31. The mea- sure of their fathers was the completion of all the typical murders which were perpetrated from the foundation of the world, as he was "The Lamb alain from the foundation of the world :" That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacha- rias, son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar. Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation." — Matt, xxiii. 35, 36. Upon that generation of vipers therefore, was necessarily to come all the blood shed by their fathers, of the same generation of vipers, from Cain do>vn- ward to that generation of them who had to " fill up the measure of their fathers," of all ages of the world, from Cain the first of them, who perpetrated the first murder of the first righteous blood that was shed, even the blood of righteous Abel. How then can any man, who dares handle the word of God, attempt to maintain that the off'spring of Cain all perished by the flood, when they met Jesus Christ in their full rancour and infernal malevolence, and murderous innate disposition : and unless they were of the descend- ants of the serpents and generation of vipers, who shewed the same rancorous malevolence to every thing good before the flood, how could they fill up the measure of their fathers, both before and after; the flood, unless thev were the descendants of murderous Cain, who slew his righteous brother' Abel? And how could all the righteous blood that was shed from the blood of righteous Abel to PLAN OP SALVATION. the blood of Zacharias come upon that generation of vipers, unless Cain who slew Abel were their father? According to the second com- mandment, the iniquity of the fathers is visited on the children to the third and fouilh generation of them that hate God ; and to the third and fourth dispensation of the church ; now here is, in accordance with that language, the iniquity of the fathers from Cain downward to the end of the second or Mosaic dispensation about to be visited upon the children of them that hate God. « That is the enmity which the Lord God origin- ally put between the serpent and the woman, and between the seed of the serpent and the seed of the woman, in continued rancorous malevolence, in the seed of the serpent in all the generations of them, until it mustered its whole infernal energy and powers against hiii who is pre-emi- nently the seed of the woman ; therefore all the righteous blood which was shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel (which was shed by their father the devil, Cain, the murderer, the representation of the devil, ae Abel was a type of Jesus Christ) was to come upon that gen- eration of vipers, as the descendants of mur- derous Cain ; so that the iniquity of the fathers was to be visited upon the children, in that visi- tation, to the third generati(m, or dispensation of the church, which was then near its com- mencement. It is perfectly evident, therefore, that the righteous blood of Abel, which was shed on the earth, was typical blood, typical of the blood of him who is pre-eminently the Highteous, The 7 # PLAN OF SALVATION. Lord our Righteonsness ; and that, therefore, Abel was an eminent type of Jesus Christ, and his suffering of death was also eminently typical of the death of Jesus Christ : and not only so, but it is equally evident, from the language of Jesus Christ, that all the righteous blood that was shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel, to the blood of Zacharias, whom the gene- ration of vipers slew between the temple and the altar, was typical blood, typical of the blood of " The Lamb slain from the foundation of the world ;" and therefore all those righteous persons were types of Jesus Christ. All these things, therefore, may safely be considered to have entered Into the original plan of salvation, as devised and adopted in the eternal c nsel of the glorious Godhead ; and no part could be added to, or diminished from the originally de- creed number of typical events ; for the plan was perfect in all the parts and circumstances thereof; and what Jesus had to do, and suffer, was in actual fulfilment of the typical language and events by which early and successive develop- ments were given in the writings of holy men of old who wrote by inspiration of God : and .surely God would not inspire holy men to write con- trary to what he purposed should be fulfilled by Jesus Christ, who was appointed heir of all things. He is perfectly explicit in his own declaration on this subject. " And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms, PLAN OF SALVATION. 87 concerning me." — Luke xxiv. 44. Now, that brings the whole to a fair and positive conclusion, that all things that were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning Jesus Christ, were typical and pro- phetic: and how could Moses and the prophets write the typical and prophetic all things which Christ came to fulfil, and which he did assuredly fulfil, unless there had been a pre-concerted and determinate plan, devised, adopted, decreed, and absolutely predestinated to stand the perfect test of fulfilment? Can it be for a moment supposed, that God, by the spirit of inspiration, would reveal things of such importance, in such regular arrangement and order, to his servants to write down for the trial and test of the reason and judgment of rational beings, unless all things had been previously devised, and irreversibly decreed and predestinated in the counsel of the unerring will and purpose of the glorious Godhead ? And what are the scriptures of the Old Testament but evident early manifestations and developments of the eternal purposes and designs of the unemng counsel and decrees of the unchangeable God- head? Therefore, we have in Cain and Abel early developments of the plan of salvation; although Cain was a murderer and slew his righteous brother Abel, that not only evidently shews that Abel was a type of Jesus Christ, in whom was fulfilled what was thus typically trans- acted ; but it also proves beyond the possibility of refutation, that Cain, by the permissive decree, was predestinated to perpetrate the murder ; for how could it be possible that it would be posi- ^B^^ . PLAN OP SALVATION. lively decreed that both Abel and JesuB Christ, as type and antitype, were to be slain by the hands of wicked men, unless it should also be permissively decreed that those wicked men should perpetrate the deed? That upon fair trial will be found impossible, that such events should be purposed and decreed without any specified or determined perpetrators; therefore, it was as much, and as assuredly predetermined who the perpetrators should be, as it was assu- redly and positively purposed that these should be slain by their hands. But bear in mind, that a permissive decree means, not that God would influence them to so foul a deed ; but that, know- ing their serpentile, murderous disposition, he decreed that he would permit that disposition to divulge itself in their base and murderous actions. That permissive decree was required, because evil abounds in the world, that man would avoid holding converse and intercourse with the reprobated and marked cursed race of the seed of the serpent, on account of the dangerous and fatal consequences of such con- verse, and unlawful intercourse ; as the Lord God put enmity between the serpent and the woman, and between the seed of the serpent and the seed of the woman. In Cain, therefore, we behold the devil typically or representatively, as we see Christ typically in Abel, both as the priest offering sacrifice, as well as personally suffering death by the hands of the representative devil, the father of all the serpentile, viper race from age to age, until the Lord Jesus shall have come in power and great glory, with all his holy PLAN 07 SALVATION. 89 angels and ten thousand of bis saints, until the tares, the serpents, the generation of vipers, who in all generations of them are of their own father the devil, shall have been gathered into bundles to be burnt, and the wheat into the garner ; and until the Lord shall have taken tp himself his great power, and shall reign. » There is yet one peculiarity in the typical personification to which I have not adverted, which may to some appear fanciful and far- fetched; but as I have undertaken to trace the phases in characters and events, which are pre- sented to me in the Bible, as types and per- sonifications of Jesus Christ, by which the plan of salvation through him is illustrated in early developments, I consider it necessary and useful to consider the position in whicji Abel is ex- hibited, acting his part in the sacred drama in celibacy, and leaving no issue or natural suc- cessor: but acting his part without what was appointed for man, an help meet for him ; and at last yielding to the murderous hand of the assassin that life which he spent, until the tragi- cal hour, in the regular typical service of his Maker, keeping sheep, and bringing of the first- lings of the flock, and of the fat, an acceptable sacrifice unto, the Lord God. His celibacy typi- fies the celibacy of Jesus Christ in humanity : and his death also typifies the death of Jesus Christ in humanity; so that we see the type and antitype agreeing in all the essential parts as far as the plan of salvation was necessary at that early period to be developed. Other characters typify their own share of the great 90 PLAN OP SALVATION. and glorious things which are fully accomplished by Jesus Christ, in the full accomplishment of all he undertook to do and to suffer, as originally devised and purposed in the counsel of the glorious Trinity, for the recovery and eternal exaltation of an elect world, as well as for the complete destruction of the powers of darkness, and of the last enemy that shall be destroyed, that is death. Cain, therefore, is exhibited in the plan as an evident representation of the devil, the murderer, the destroyer, as Abel is an eminent personification and type of Jesus Christ,, as far as was necessary for the wise purposes of God in the opening of the plan of salvation at that early period of revelation. When Cain and his offering of the productions of the earth were not respected, he was wroth and his countenance fell. " And the Lord said unto Cain, 'Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen? If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted ? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door ; And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him." — Gen. iv. 6, 7. In that declaration God vindicates his own moral government over the work of his own hands ; but Cain soon proved by his murderous action what spirit he was of — proved the serpen- tile virulence of his own satanic nature by his perpetration of the testing action : for even after God's expostulation with him, ae inclined not his satanic ear to the encouragement held out to him if he would do well ; but perpetrated the foul deed. "And Cain talked with Abel, his brother : and it came to pass, when they were in PLAN OP SALVATION. M the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother and slew him." — Gen. iv. 8. God, after expostulating with him, that his serpentile dis- position might be tested and exposed to view, that the sentence which followed the perpetra- tion of the murder, might be left on record, and be handed down to posterity in vindication of the righteous character of the Judge of all the earth, and not as the Arminian would expound the passage, that he had power to do good or to do evil ; and that, there I'ore, he left him with a free will to choose the good and refuse the evil : no, but to allow the test of character to be exposed during the early developments of the design and purpose of the counsel of the glorious Trinity : for had it not been purposed that Abel should be slain by the hands of mur- derous Cain, had not God in his power to prevent the murder, as easily as to pennit it; but it entered into the positive decrees of God that Abel should be the prototype in suffering of his own Son Jesus Christ, and therefore it entered into the permissive decrees of God, that Cain should slay his brother Abel. As much so, in the t^'pi- cal sense, as that Judas Iscariot should sell Jesus Christ for thirty pieces of silver, and betray him to the Sanhedrim of the Jews; and as much as it was permissively decreed that the Jews should crucify and slay him. All these things were the one typical of the other, by an eternal arrangement and foreordination of the counsel of the glorious Godhead ; because it was assuredly decreed in the plan of salvation, that Jesus Christ should die for our sins, and arise again for our 92 PLAN or SALVATION. justification. "For as much as ye know that ye were not5 rendeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers ; but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot : who verily was fore- ordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you." — 1 Peter i. 18. In that passage the eternal decree is fully and incontrovertibly established by the veracity of the word of God ; and the Apostle Paul is equally explicit on the same subject. "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ, according as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love : having predestined us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to him- self, according to the good pleasure of his will." £ph. i. 3, <&c. In these and many other portions of the holy scriptures, the doctrine of election and reprobation is incontrovertibly taught: and therefore we must unhesitatingly maintain that Cain and his line of descendants are excluded from the line of the types of Jesus Christ and his church ; but that the plan of salvation is, in types and typical circumstances, in the first stages of development : and that therefore Cain is rejected and Abel registered in the records of inspiration as the Great Prototype of Jesus Christ, in sufiering death for the sins of his people. PLAN OP SALVATION. 93 'i0 mnu/fi r-i •i/(i 4^t w> v..'Wi^*;I■!^>•:l:f SETH, THIRD TYPE. '■ ■ ' ' '? *■' ■ii: Although Seth is the Third Type, yet he is in the line of the genealogy of Jesus Christ the second, as Abel had no offspring, but was ex- hibited merely as Christ was exhibited in hu- manity, without human offspring, although by the gospel, in the divine nature, his progeny, when **all things shall be gathered into one in Christ Jesus,'* shall be found to be **a multitude which no man could number of all nations, kindreds, tongues, and people,*' who shall stand before the Lamb in white robes and palms in their hands." That is the view in which Seth is to be considered, in his typical character, as his name, putf may signify sent, as applied to Jesus Christ, may 8ignify---Jesus Christ was sent by his Father into the world, so was Seth, as his name imports, put or sent into the world to be the next progenitor after Adam whom God made in his own image. Eve may have had no further view in her own understanding than that Seth was put in the place of Abel whom she lost, when she named Seth, but those primitive per- sons were in the arrangement of God, named and put or placed according to the plan and design of wisdom as types and representatives of the Son of God, who was thus held typically forth as origin- ally promised to bruise the head of the serpent, although, in the early ages, those things might have the appearance of human appointment, with- out any reference to any thing future : but when we believe in an all-ruling Providence, we must MM PLAN OP SALVATION. Rocessarily have respect to the divine guidance in every thing that is recorded by inspiration of God in the holy Bible. ** And Adam knew his wife again, and she bare a son, and called his name Seth : for God, said she, hath appointed me another seed, instead of Abel, whom Cain slew." — Gen. iv. 25. As the name, Seth, signifies put. Eve had in view the substitution of Seth instead of Abel, and as she attributes the substitution to God, we may in that perceive the arrangement to be of divine appointment, as suited to the plan and eternal d. sign and purpose of the counsel of the glo- rious Trinity. God purposed to send his Son into the world, and gave early intimation of his gracious purpose, and made use of typical names and typical circumstances for the wisest and for the most benevolent of purposes — that the expectations of mankind might be kept alive with regard to what was thus early shadowed forth : Seth, therefore, which signifies put, was put in the place of Abel, who died childless, that the line of genealogy might be kept entire until he who was promised should come ; in whom all typical and prophetical transactions should re- ceive their full accomplishment: and therefore God appointed Eve another son instead of Abel whom Cain slew. Therefore Seth is placed in the order of progenitors, the first from Adam, for the plan of salvation, in the line of the gene- alogy of Jesus Christ, as a type of him with regard to his innumerable spiritual offspring. " And to Seth, to him also there was born a son, and he called his name Enos : then began men to call on the name of the Lord." — Gen. iv. 26, PI,AN OF SALVATION. 95 EN08, FOURTH TYPE. The name Enos signifies fnllon man, subject to all kind of evil in soul and body. "And to Seth, to him also there was born a son ; and he called his name Enos : then began men to call upon the name of the Lord.'* T' e meaning of his name would lead us to suppose that a clearer conviction of the fallen state of man must have been wrought in the covenanted line of genealogy than had been formerly given, as well as of the recovery which was shadowed forth, in the denunciation against the serpent, that the seed of the woman should bruise his head : be- cause " at that tims men began to call upon the name of the Lord." The views of their fallen condition and of their dependent state urged them, with the hope of relief and deliver- ance from the condition signified and conveyed by the name of this type of Jesus Christ, to call on the name of the Lord. But the part of the subject in which the typical connection of the plan of salvation is contained, is what falls to our present province to consider until we are more advanced in the connection of objects, as may be presented in the genealogical line of typi- cal characters. One case in the meaning of the name Enos may be adverted to in this place, although a fuller and more extended dissertation must neces- sarily be given in the natural place of delineation. What I allude t j is the typical reference to Jesus Christ^s humiliation and sufferings to which the 96 PLaK of SALVAttOK. meaning of the name Enos may be intended to lead our attention* As I have given the meaning of the name Enos to be ** fallen man, subject to every evil, both in soul and body," may we not, without any forcing of meaning or appli- cation, consider that a shadowing forth, not only of the fallen condition of man and the many evils to which he is subject in soul and body ; but also, and more especially the humiliation and sufferings of Jesus Christ, both in soul and body, for the sins of the fallen elect world. I believe that by divine direction every name in the line of the ancestors in all the successive generations of that illustrious line were given, as we can trace a typ- ical allusion to some portion of the history of Jesus Christ, in each of them individually ; and when taken collectively, the amount of typical reference and allusion will be found to comprise the whole history, although darkly shadowing forth the whole plan of salvation. Enos, there- fore, by the interpretation of his mime Enos, fallen man, subject to every evil, both in soul and body, not only in body but also in soul, is that far a proper type of Jesus Christ, who suffered both in soul and body for our sins, that we might be authorized through the merit of his sufferings and death, to call on the name of the Lord : be- cause at the time of his appearing under the sig- nificant name Enos, men began to call on the name of the Loi-d. Things being that far ad- vanced in the plan of salvation, the sufferings of Christ, both in soul and body, as it is shadowed forth in their calling then on the name of the Lord, men would have warrant and authority to PLAN OF SALVATION. 97 call on the name of the Lord, with the warrant- able hope, that through the merit of his sufferings, their prayers would be rendered acceptable, and their requests would be answered and granted. «,. ,> .» '& :%%' !!■ -".I M'- '■■«4f«V '^iW Nil i«s- '/4^^^•*'if*' 'f*nV'f ■>hi rjSattd^t mi 8 PLAN OF SALVATION. OAINAN9 FIFTH TTPB. The interpretation of that typical name is fraught with meaning, in reference to him who was typified by him who was so named, no 4oubt, by divine direction as all the typical names were ; but I have arrived at the chapter, called the book of the generations of Adam, and some peculiarity of style meets the eye, with regard to Adam and Eve, which may be necessary to be considered in this place. The fifth chapter of Genesis begins with some remarkable expressions which it would be wrong to pass without making some remarks upon, as they bear evidently' and forcibly upon the main object which I have in view to illustrate, that is, that the plan of salvation has its early dawnings in typical persons and circumstances. The particular expression to which I allude is in the second verse. **Male and female created he them ; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created." The same name is given, in that verse to both, in the day when they were created, meaning not only I earth of which they were made, and that iHey were one flesh, as expressed else where, but beautifully shadowing forth the oneness of Christ and his church, he, as Adam was, is the "head over all to the church, which is his body, the fulness of him which filleth all in all." That expression, although it might escape the notice of superficial careless readers of the holy Bible, as well as of all who do not believe in the fulness of the decrees of the Lord God, is perfectly evident PLAN OF SALTATION. 99 M an allusion to the union of the Church with her divino head in the day when the Lord God shall have created his elect in Christ Jesus unto good works, and shall have completed the union of all the members one with another, and hsall have united the body, thus formed, to Jesus Christ as head over all to the church, as the loving Bride- groom to the beloved and loving Bride. The typical character of that expression must be perfectly evident to all who understand typical references: and so is the meaning contained in the name Cainan, possessor or purchaser ; as by Christ all things were made, he is the heir of all things ; and therefore he is the possessor of all things — '*all things are yours, whether Paul, or Apollos, or Cephas, or the world, or life, or death, or things present, or things to come ; all are yours; and ye are Christ's; and Christ is God's.-'—l Cor. iii. 22, 23. And also, "all power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.'' — Matt, xxviii. 18. Therefore Cainan, possessor, may well be considered a type of Jesus Christ, as his very name, possessor, imports: and, be- sides his name is considered to mean also, purchaser ; and that interpretation of the name, Cainan, may be considered to allude to the Church which Christ for himself purchased at a high price. "What! know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own? for ye are bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are God's." — 1 Cor. vi. 19, 20. Now, in these two interpretations of the name, 100 FLAN OF SALVATION. Cainan, are implied much as typical references to Jesus Christ, who bought us with a price, and whose we are, not only as he is our Maker, but also by right of purchase, qualification, and endowment ; for he not only bought us, but he also qualifies and richly endows the church, his own bride, ** blessing us with all spiritual blessings in Christ Jesus our Lord/' The word, Cainan, is also interpreted one who laments; and that also may be considered to have typical reference to the lamentations of Jesus Christ. ^* He is despised and rejected of men, a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows ; yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.*' — ^Isa. liii. 4, 5. Behold him in conformity to the prophecy weep- ing at the grave of Lazarus. ^* And said. Where have ye laid him? They say unto him. Lord, come and see. Jesus wept. Then said the Jews, Behold how he loved him." John xi. 34. &c. And also consider his bitter lamentation over Jerusalem^ O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that kiUe'st the prophets, and stonest them that are gent mito thee ;. how often would I have gathered thy children together, as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and ye would nott Behold, your house is left unto you desolate." — Luke xiii. 34. Well then might the typical name, Cainan, be considered in its referential character a type of the man of sorrows, and grievous, bitter lamentations. Bead the lamenta- PLAN OF SALVATION. 101 tions of Jeremiah also which are typical of the sorrows, and lamentations of Christ and of his Church, under the many evils to which they were subjected. "Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by ? behold and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me wherewith the Lord hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger." — ^Lam. i. 12. "And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads, and saying. Thou that destroy est the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross." — Matt, xxvii. 39, 40. The name, Cainan, together with the other in- terpretatioHS which I have given, and illustrated in reierence to Jesus Christ, is interpreted, the builder of a nest ; that may have reference to the saying of Jesus Christ alluded to in the passage I have quoted, where the passengers reviled him saying, "thou that buildest the temple in three days." Christ signified the raising up of his own l^ody, which they were to throw down, from the grave of death ; as well as the build'- ing up of the church, descended from Abraham in the morning of the third dispensation of its history, or, at the commencement of the Mil- lennium, which is the third dispensation of the Abrahamic church : therefore the interpretation of the typical name, Cainan, answers in beautiful application, to those parts of Christ's history, acting, and suffering what is therein typified. K»+ 102 FUaX 07 SALYATIOir. MAHALALEEL, SIXTH TYPE. That typical name might almost be interpreted by its soft, flowing, musical construction and spelling, as indicative of the meaning contained in it, or of what it is designed to illustrate : Its first interpretation may be given, that praiseth, and in tMt view refers beaut&lly to Him whom it typifies. Isaac means laughter : and it is said of him, ** in Isaac shall thy seed be called, clearly referring to the joyful condition of the church when called in Jesus Christ, who was typified by him; and in like manner, although farther remote, and more clouded, and veiled in the distant obscurity of typical names and circum- stances, the typical name Mahalaleel signifies, that praiseth, no doubt in thankfulness, and joy, and laughter. The meaning of these two names agree in perfect accordance ; and also agree in typifying Jesus Christ in the condition in which he is represented by the Psalmist, and applied to him by the Apostle Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews chapter ii. verse 12. ** I will declare thy name to my brethren : in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee." — ^Psa. xxii. 22. These passages fully and satisfactorily bear out the interpretation of the typical name Mahalaleel, which I have given; and which beautifully shadows forth what is intended by it, as it is given by divine direction, in the plan of salva- tion. Another interpretation is also given of that name, Mahalaleel, which is equally appropriate in FLAS OF SALYATIOK. 108 its application to Jesus Christ, id est : Illumina- tion of the Lord ; and one of the scripture names of Jesus Christ is, Sun of Kighteousness. ** But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall." — ^Mal, iv. 2. Under that designation, therefore, the Lord veils himself for a season, until the time appointed for his manifestation to the children of men, as the great Illuminator of the understandings of his people, that he may see of the travail of his soul, and be satisfied, and declare his Father's name to his brethren, and praise the name of the Lord in the midst of the congregation. Mahalaleel may thus be seen to have been intended in the original design and purpose of the counsel of the glorious Godhead as a typical instance of the early development of the plan of salvation through Jesus Christ, who was thereby ahadowed foittx and typified. • hiw 104 PLAN OF SALVATION. JARED, SEVENTH TYPE. When interpreters of those Hebrew names give more than cr^o meaning in their explanations, they may be aware that one interpretation cannot give the whole amount they consider those words to contain, and therefore they state several mean- ings as they consider that the words bear those several interpretations ; and we find on exami- nation that none of them is without its own typi- cal meaning contained in it, as may safely be considered in illustration of the plan of salvation, in order to prove to the unprejudiced student, that there was a plan devised and adopted in the eternal counsel of the glorious Godhead ; and that those views that may be obtained in the manner in which I endeavour to treat those typical names and objects which meet me in the arrangements of inspiration, are intended for early develop- ments in successive progression as the advance- ment of the plan of the unerring counsel of God, is purposed to be displayed to the glory of the glorious Trinity. Jared is interpreted, he that descends ; or he that rules and commands. These two meanings may be contained in the name, as it refers to Jesus Christ ; because he descends before he com- mands : " The Lord is high above all nations, and his glory above the heavens. Who is like the Lord our God who dwelleth on high, who hum- bleth himself to behold the things which are in heaven and in the earth ! He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth the needy out of the PLAN OP SALVATION. 105 ,1 dung-hill; that he may set him with princes, even with the princes of his people ;" therefore although he is high, yet he humbleth himself as the Ruler and Governor of the universe; and indeed it may well be considered great humil- iation in the Most High, that he should condescend to look down from the height of his sanctuary, upon sinful man whose days are as the grass, who flourisheth as a flower of the field over which the wind passeth and it is gone. " Wherefore he saith, when he ascended up on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men. (Now that he ascended, what is it but that he also descended first into the lower parts of the earth ? He that descended is the same also that ascended, up far above all heavens that he might fill all things.")— Eph. iv. 8, 9, 10. Therefore in the interpretation of the typical name Jared, we have a glorious view represented to us of the humiliation and exaltation of Jesus Christ, that he might receive all power in heaven and in the earth, until he should put all his enemies under his footstool, and until he should take unto himself his great power, and should reign. ^^. 106 FLAN OF SALYATIOlf. ENOOH, EIGHTH TTFE. That typical name signifies by interpretation, dedicated, or disciplined, well regulated ; and by that, our view is elevated to the Son of God, as God, dedicated and set apart from all eternity for accomplishing all things connected with the plan of salvation : and also disciplined and taught of God, and well regulated in all the parts of his mediatorial office until he fulfilled all things that were written of him in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms. He was dedicated in the counsel of the Trinity before the world was, as Saviour and Redeemer, for it is recorded in the book of Psalms, *'Then thou spakest in vision to thine Holy One, and saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty ; I have exalted one chosen out of the people, I have found David my servant, with my holy oil have I anointeji him; with whom my hand shall be established; mine arm also shall strengthen him."— Psa. Ixxxix. Although that applies in an inferior degree to David king of Israel, yet we find in the very Psalm from which I have quoted, that name David expressly given to Jesus Christ in a higher sense than it could be applied to the king of Israel. "He shall cry unto me. Thou art my Father, my God, and the Rock of my salvation. I will make him my first born, higher than the kings of the earth." — ^Psa. tb. That unhesitatingly may be applied to Jesus Christ : and therefore he was dedicated and set apart for accomplishing all things according to the eternal FLAN OF SALVATION. 107 purpose and design of the glorious Trinity ; and therefore in that sense, Enoch, dedicated, was an eminent Type of him. Enoch, disciplined, or, instructed and well regulated, was a type of eminent distinction. " By faith Enoch was trans- lated that he should not see death ; and was not found, because God had translated him ; for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.'* — Heb. xi. 5. His receiving tes- timony that he pleased God, answers beautifully to the voice heard by the faithful witnesses whom Jesus took with him to the mount of transfigura- tion. ''While he yet spake, behold a bright cloud overshadowed them ; and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased : hear ye him.'' — ^Matt. xvii. 5. Peter who was one of the three witnesses bears his testimony to the voice which spake unto them in the mount. " For we have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were eye-witnesses of his majesty. For he received from God the Father, honour and glory, when there came such a voice to him from the excellent glory. This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased." — 2 Peter i. 16, 17. John the Baptist, after he had baptized Jesus in Jordan, and saw the heavens opened unto him, and saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him, bears testimony to what he saw and heard. ''And lo, a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." — ^Matt. iii. 17. Ther^ore before his translation Jesus received K. 108 PLAN OP SALVATION. this testimony, that he pleased God the Father. Enoch, according to the agreeing testimony which he received, that he pleased God, is one of the most eminent Types of the Son of God. The case of the translation of Enoch without seeing death, would require to be most particularly attended to, lest any one should stumble at the word of God. Were we to apply the word to the man Christ Jesus in humanity, there could not be an agreement between the type and antitype ; but when we apply that language and the typical transaction to the Son of God as regards his divinity, the type and antitype agree perfectly ; for although he saw death in the humanity, he saw no death in the divinity. He tasted death for every man in humanity; but God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not im- puting their trespasses unto them ; therefore Enoch is a representation of Jesus Christ in the divine nature, and both were translated without seeing death. That case may also have reference to the inner man in every true believer, that he has the testimony that he pleases God, and is also translated without seeing death. "Verily, verily, I say unto you. The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God; and they that hear shall live." — John. v. 25. That is life from spiritual death to spiritual life ; and those who are brought to that condition of life, and believe on the Lord Jesus Christ shall have the testimony that they please God, and by faith shall also be translated without seeing death. "And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die." — John PLAN OP SALVATION. 109 xi. 26. Thei'efore Enoch, by pleasing God, and by being translated without seeing death, is not only an eminent type of Jesus Christ the Son of God in divinity ; but he is also a very appro- priate representation of the soul of the true believer when it is brought to that perfect state of holiness, as necessary preparation and quali- fication, by which it can be received into the bright, pure, and holy regions of eternal day. "The souls of believers are made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory/' *' Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was, and the spirit shall return to God who gave it." — ^Eccles. xii. 7. That is the translation of Enoch without seeing death, in its typical and representative character — typical of the departure of the Son of God to Paradise when the Son of Man — ^the Man Christ Jesus died for our sins, and was buried, and remained in the grave until the auspicious morning of the third day, when the body was re-animated and raised a spiritual body, when the Son of God, who had left it for a season, re-entered, and raised it up in a fit METUUSELAH, NINTH TYPE. Before the flood, the longevity of mankind far exceeded the age of the longest liver since the flood. Of all the aged men that ever lived in the world, Methuselah was the oldest, having lived nine hundred, sixty and nine years ; and never- theless the close of his history shews that no man liveth, and dieth not : our condition hero is a mortal condition — pilgrims and sojourners on the earth, as all our fathers were. The Apostle Paul speaks of those that died in faith, and had not received the promises, that they confessed them- selves as strangers and pilgrims on the earth, as in the following passage. ** These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth: for they that say such things declare plainly that they seek a country." — ^Heb. xi. 13, 14. In that sense Methuselah is a type of Jesus Christ ; although he was the longest liver, the close of his history is, "and he died." Jesus came not into this world in the flesh to abide for ever; but came to be a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth : for although **he came to his own, his own received him not," but- he came to accomplish the purposes of grace, to die for our sins, to rise again for our justification, and to enter into that within the veil to appear before God for us. In the character of strangers and pilgrims, all the succeeding generations in the line of his an- I 112 PLAN OF SALVATION. cestrv were types of him ; thoy all, by faith, sought a country, and he went to his Father and to their Father to prepare a place for all his people ; therefore, he also sought a country both for him- self and jfor us. But of all his progenitors, Me- thuselah is represented as the longest liver on the earth, and yet, lil?o the rest, would have to confess that he was a stranger and a pilgrim on the earth, and therefore ho is shewn promi- nently in this respect, as a typo of Jesus Christ, who also, in humanity, was a pilgrim on the eai*th, and died. Methuselah is interpreted, he has sent his death ; or the arms of his death ; or spoil of his death. In these different meanings we may see a typical reference to Jesus Christ, and the effects of his death for the recovery of perishing sin- ners, that they also may deem themselves strang- ers and pilgrims on the earth, and be induced to seek a country ; in that he died for our sins and roso again for our justification. "For if yrhen we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son ; much more being reconciled, we shall be saved '»y his life." — ^Rom. V. 10. Therefore, in these typical interpretations of the name Methuselah, we are led to the death of Jesus Christ and the effects of it for cur reconciliation to God, that we may be saved by his life. The Apostle Paul speaks of his own earnest desire to be conformable to his death. "That I may know him, and the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings being made conformabla unto his death; if by any means I might attain unto the resurrection of PLAN OF SALVATION. 118 the dead.'* — Phil. iii. 10, 11. In these and in many other portions of the written word of God, we may perceive a useful typical reference in the name Methuselah to Jesus Christ, as in all the other typical names ; but it is not merely for that purpose I have examined the typical names and characters ; but also to follow out the early dawn- inj^s of the plan of salvation through Jesus Christ our Lord, that it might be proved from the re- gular co-incidence and analogy observable be- tween all the parts of the Holy Bible, by which the perfect wisdom of design and purpose are displayed in heavenly beauty, that all things are decreed and fore-ordained in the eternal counsel of the glorious Godhead ; and that evidently a plan of salvation, through Jesus Christ our Lord, must have been assuredly devised and adopted before the foundation of the world : the grand arrangement of the subjects and circumstances held forth in the Holy Book of inspiration, beau- tifully corroborating and confirming one another, as an innumerable cloud of faithful witnesses, bearing united testimony to the same great and glorious truths, that whatsoever comes to pass was originally designed and decreed, to the glory of God. 114 FLAN OP SALVATION. LAMECH, TENTH TYPE. The intei*pretation of the typical name Lamech, is poor made low, or who is struck. This is a very appropriate typical name, as shadowing forth the humiliation of Jesus Christ. Paul ex- presses beautifully his humiliation in the follow- ing passage of his recorded testimony. "For ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though he was rich, yet for your sakes he be- came poor, that ye through his poverty might be rich." — 2 Cor. viii. 9. That is a true testimony, when we consider him the only begotten of the Father, and heir of all things : and consider his wonderful condescension, in leaving the mansions of glory for a season, and in tabernacling with men on the earth, where although he was Lord of all, yet had to complain against an unconscious blind world, that "The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests ; but the Son of Man hath not where to lay his head." — Matt. viii. 20. And again, when we consider the height of great- ness and magnificence, and spl^idour of glory, from which he descended to the earth, a more adequate conception may be conveyed, than if we were to view him as a mQ;re man in extreme indigence. The language gives the following views on the subject. " Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus : who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be eoual with God : but made himself of no reputa- tion, and took upon him the form of a servant, und was made in the likeness of men ; and being PLAN OP SALVATION. 115 found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross." — Phil. 11. 5, &c. That humiliation, poverty, and destitution of worldly means, and hospitable entertainment, may be easily seen shadowed forth in the meaning of the typical name, Lamech, as all other parts of the history of Jesus Christ, in the execution of his high and heavenly commission, is, in consonance and beau- tiful connection, shadowed forth by the continued corroborative testimony derivable from the united amount of typical names and transactions which are by unerring purpose and design arranged throughout the holy Bible— each contributes his own part of typical illustration, and referential evidence, confirmatory of the plan of salvation, as clear and evident testimony of the eternal decrees of God, with regard to the salvation of fallen, sinful mankind by Jesus Christ, whose character, condition, and glorious tf'ansactions are thus early and progressively developed by unerring wisdom, in the harmonious connection of what is contained in types and typical trans- actions, with the history given by inspiration of God, in the New Testament, of Him who was thus shadowed forth in continued developments. There is another Lamech in the family of Cain, who was a murderer like his murderous father Cain, and lest his history should be confounded with the typical name, which I have been treat- ing, I have thus marked him out under the curse and mark put upon his progenitor Cain. Names are found in the family of Cain which bear the same interpretation, and typical character ; but as I 116 PLAN OP SALVATION. they are not found recorded in the Bible, in the line of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, we are to turn away from them. They have only the form, the name of godliness, but deny the power thereof, therefore, by the direction of the Apostle, from such we are to turn away. They assumed the names of the family, but significant, typical names could not make them the descendants of Adam, in the line of promise, the holy, uncontaminated line of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, and of all his brethren of the same line of genealogy; and more than all the vain efforts of the present unholy, and unsancti- fied world, by parade and show, and outward washing, and heathenish morality, which are not commanded, nor found in the Hjly Bible among the duties prescribed by the laws and commandments of God, can entitle them to the blessings of the covenant, or render them any more acceptable to God than the offspring of Cain, and of his descendants of the uncovenanted generation of vipers could render them. The uncovenanted family had in their catalogue of names, names of the same import and meaning contained in the names of the covenanted family through whose line of genealogy Jesus Christ descended, as the seed of the woman, from his Father, yet they were under the curse, and their names and their services were not acceptable, because they were not of faith. "Whatsoever is not of faith is sin." — ^Rom. xiv. 23. Therefore all the elaborate plans and schemes of ingenuity, if they were not faith, cannot be of any avail to render those that weary themselves by the I PLAN OP SALVATION, t 117 works of their own hands, which are not pre- scribed in the Holy Bible, as duties prescribed of us. It is merely proving them to be offering to God the fruits of the earth as Cain did; but God has shown by the example before us, that their sacrifices cannot be respected ; because they are not of the firstlings of the flock, as AbeVs was ; but merely gourds of their own making, by which they vainly seek to screen and shelter themselves from the burning fury of the wrath of a holy, a righteous, and a just God, if not from human observation and detec- liuii. "For there is no faithfulness in their mouth ; their inward part is very wickedness ; their throat is an open sepulchre, they flatter with their tongue." — Psa. v. 9. Therefore, although Cain's offering assumed the names of the covenanted family of promise, as Lamech ; yet they are the generation of vipers. Lamech was a murderer like his father Cain. That may be instanced to shew that names, and pro- fession, and parade, and show of sanctity, refor- matio! and hunmnly contrived morality, are of no avi \o render men's services and sacrifices acceptab:^" in the sight of God. But Lamech, in the family of promise, is an acceptable, signifi- cant type of Jesus Christ ; for Noah, who found grace in the sight of the Lord, is descended from the typical Lamech. 118 PI^AN OP SALYATJOIfi^ * >^v NOAH, ELEVENTH TYPE. Noah was prophetically so named by his father Lamech, which may shew that the names of the family of promise were early manifestations of some future prospect in anxious expectation, although the main object of typical names must have been but obscurely represented and under- stood : nevertheless they seived their own pur- pose then, and after their meaning and typical reference are unveiled and disclosed by accom- plishment, they serve also another purpose for which they were intended, namely, to confirm and strengthen the faith and hopes of all who can trace the finger of an all- wise, ever-ruling Provi- dence, in the orderly and perfect arrangement and disposition of all things which are recorded from the inspiration of God, in the Holy Bible. Of that we have the clearest proofs, as in the case of Noah, his father Lamech called him Noah, " say- ing. This name shall comfort us concerning our work and the toil of our hands, because of the ground which the Lord cursed." — Gen. v. 29. That may have been but obscurely understood; and only applied, in the judgment and understanding of him who pronounced that prophetic sentence, at the time when Noah was so called, to the then present times, yet that cannot detract from the prophetic character of the announcement, when we must unhesitatingly consider Noah a type of Jesus Christ ; and the times of his ministry, re- presentative of the times of the second coming of Messiah. The Saviour himself refers to the >■ PLAN OF SALVATION. 119 days of Noah's prophecy and ministry ; and draws important conclusions from the conduct of the then people, in whose presence Noah was doing wonderful things, as premonitions to the inhabi- tants of the then world, with regard to the obdurate people that should continue in obstinate unbelief of all the threatened warnings which should be sounding, at the end of the world, or gospel age, in their ears from the word of God, as the ham- mer of Noah building the ark, sounded unheeded in the ears of the obstinate unbelievers of the anted iluvean dispensation. "But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. But as the days ofNoe.were, so shall also the coming of the Son of Man be ; for as in the days that were before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marry- ing and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, and knew not until the flood came and took them all away ; so shall also the coming of the Son of Man be." — Matt, xxiv. 36. &c. Here then is the criterion for all the rest of the typical names of the illustrious persons in the line of the genealogy of the more illustrious Antitype, Jesus Christ : and the primitive condition of the world alluded to by him who knew what was to come upon the world at a future period, by the just judgments of God, are given as a warning to all, although that warning was to be rejected, as it was in the days of No^. Noah and all circumstances connected with his history are evidently referred to by Jesus Christ as typical of himself, and all circum- stances connected with his own history. Adam, 120 PLAN OF SALVATION. [•-.i. the first of the human race, called also the Son of God, is recorded in the New Testament, as the first man from the earth, earthy ; as a type of the second man, who is»the Lord from heaven. ** And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul, the last Adam was made a quicken- i ing spirit. Howbeit that was not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural, and after- ward that which is spiritual. The first man is of the earth, earthy ; the second man is the Lord from heaven." — 1 Cor. xv. 45. Thus then the first man is clearly proven to bo a type of the Lord from heaven : and Jesus himself bears his testimony to Noah as a type of himself; and consequently all the intermediate names, in the the line of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, having reference to him in the very interpretation of the names by which they are recorded in the chron-^ icles of the progenitors of the Man Christ Jesus, which, no doubt, were given by the prophetic spirit in them who named them, are all illustrious types of Him whom they are recorded, by inspiraaon of God, to represent, that is, Jesus Christ, the Lord from heaven. The condition of the people that wepe before the flood, is also stated, by Jesus Christ himself, in reference to the people of the generation im- mediately before his own seeond coming — ^they then were grossly mixed with the descendants of Cain under the curse, by interdicted marriages ; and so he declared the condition of the people would be immediately before his own second coming to judgment — grossly intermixed among the tares, the very descendants of those before TLAJS OF SALVATION. 121 the flood among whom the sons of God were by interdicted marriage intermixed. "For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn fs sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth." — Amos. ix. 9. For as the one people were the o£f- spring and progeny of Adam, so were the others, among whom they had mingled themselves, the descendants of Cain, still under the curse, under which their progenitor Cain was placed : and consequently those they are recorded in the Holy Bible to represent, are respectively descended from them; the generation of vipers from Cain, and the tribes, who were acknow- ledged by Jesus Christ as his own people were descended from the first Adam in the holy line of his own genealogy from generation to generation to his mother Mary, as their own chronology in the Holy Bible proves beyond the possibility of refutation. Those were his brethren of the same lineage and original stock with himself. "For both he that sanctifieth and they who are sanctified are all of one ; for which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren, saying, I will declare thy name unto my brethren ; in the midst of the church will I sing praise unto thee. And again, I will put my trust in him. And again. Behold I and the children which God hath given me." — Heb. ii. 12, 13. Therefore we find them called his own brethren, and the children which God hath given him: not as many suppose by regeneration, and the new birth, but by lineal descent from the same stock with himself, and given to him in the eternal counsel and irrever- 10 122 FLAN OF SALVATION. sible decrees of the counsel of the glorious, unchangeable Godhead. **For if the &*st fruit be holy, the lump is also holy : and if the root be holy, so are 'the branches/' — ^Rom. xi. 16. That evidently applies to them as the natural branches ; and the holiness referred to is federal, legal holiness, and not the holiness of nature wrought in the children of God by the new birth, and the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Spirit ; therefore we are to consider his brethren, to whom he promises to declare the name of his Father, his brethren of the same stock and lineage with himself: and consequently we must consider those, whom he calls serpents, and generation of vipers, lineally descended from their own primogenitor Cain. They were manifestly so at the time of the flood, as much as the others were the sons of God. There is a very important doctrine connected with all I have advanced, which cannot justifiably be omitted or passed by, as it is to many a very doubtful case, and there is much contrariety of opinions, even by learned, and eminent divines, advanced with regard to it : and although it may appear something like presumption in me to hazard opinions in opposition perhaps to abler scholars than myself, yet I cannot, in this place, withhold what appears to me to be the true, legitimate meaning of a seemingly dark and inexplicable portion of the word of pt)d. The passage I allude to is given by the Apostle Peter in reference to them who were disobedient in the days of Noe, and is as follows. "For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, FLAN OF SALVATION. 123 that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit: by which also he went and preached to the spirits in prison ; which some time were disobedient, when once the long-suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water. The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the fiesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ." — 1 Peter iii. 18, &c, I have been hitherto treating of typical characters, and typical circumstances : and the characters and circum- stances referred to in the passage which I have just quoted are to be understood in agreement and consonance with all the rest in the typical sense, in as far as it concerns those typical people to which Peter refers in his language. I have shewn a line in succession of typical characters, and they and the rest of the line of families in afiSinity to them are termed the sons of God, in the beginning of the sixth chapter of Genesis, in contradistinction to another line of descendants which I have all along considered the offspring of Cain, which could not be, at any stage of my progress, admitted into the calculation of the other family : these I must also exclude from the views of the important passage which I am con- sidering, because Jesus Christ himself saith ** I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel." — ^Matt. xv. 24. I have also shewn that it was to his brethem of the same stock and lineage with himself he was to declare his Father's 124 PLAN OF SALVATION. name ; therefore, by analogy and consistency, we may safely conclude that when he went by the Spirit to preach to the spirits in prison, in virtue of his commission, he went to preach to his own brethren, or human ancestors ; and that therefore, these were they who are termed the sons of God, by the everlasting covenant, who were disobe- dient in the days of Noah, in departing from the tenor of the everlasting covenant by which they were to be kept distinctly separate as the sons of God until the Shiloh should ^some. Their spirits were in prison, or they were to be considered under spiritual imprisonment by their intermar- riages to' the daughters of men, by which the holy line of genealogy was adulterated by their marriage connection with the progeny of Cain. *^* And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt : fot all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth." — Gen. vi. 12. There is no doubt but it was the Son of God who expostulated with Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden, and preached to them, and made them coats of skins, as he hath wrought out a perfect righteousness for us to cover our souls : now it cannot surely be considered a depai*ting from the line of scripture truths to say that by the same Spirit of the gospel he went, in the days of Noah, and preached to the spirits of the sons of God, by which name they were contradistinguished from the repro- bated family of murderous Cain, among whom they were imprisoned by interdicted marriages. Is it not as easy to understand the nature of that imprisonment, as it" is to understand how Christ is to preach to the dry bones, the whole house of PLAN OF SALVATION. 125 Israel, and to bring them up out of their graves, and to bring them to the land of Israel, when I sup- pose that few will doubt that the meaning of that metaphorical circumstance is the recovery of the ten tribes of Israel from all their hiding places where they are in gross mixture, and blending among the nations. The sons of God, before the flood, were grossly mixed among the tares, as the ten tribes are now, and as it is by the prophesying of the Son of Man now that the dry bones are to be brought into life, although it may be by the instrumentality of qualified, commissioned serv- ants by the word of God : and why not allow the same mode of applying the word of God in the case of the sons of God before the flood, as in the case of the ten tribes of Israel, the undoubted people of the covenant, or the covenanted sons of God. Qualified servants are to be sent forth now to preach the gospel, but Jesus Christ by the Spirit, can apply it to the dry bones that they may live. Let the analogy be observed, and consider Noah the qualified servant, preaching to the sons of God before the flood, and give Christ the glory of preaching. Where then is the diffi- culty in the case of considering Jesus Christ going by the Spirit and preaching by the instru- mentality of Noah, and preaching one hundred and twenty years, to the spirits in prison, or, which I consider the same thing, to the sons of God who were mixed in by intermarriages, and family connection, as in prison, with the repro- bated descendants of reprobated Cain? When I consider the flood a temporal judgment, I find my way easy and plain: the sons of God i 126 FLAH or BALTATlOir. were then bo msslj mixed in their offspring that they had so far corrupted their ways that they oould never again be separated; and therefore, for the purging of the earth, the last judgment, the flood, had to be poured out upon them ; but I do not extend that judgment to eternity, nor do I pass any decision with regard to the souls of the sons of God who had married the daughters of men, but leaye them to the righteous decision of the righteous Judge of the quick and the dead. In all these respects then, Noah was an eminent Tfpe of Jesus Christ : and his preaching by Noah then to the spirits in prison, beautifully repre- sents and typifies his going or coming, by the Spirit, into the valley of vision, to prophesy or preach upon the dry bones, which are very many, and very dry, that they may live ; and rise up, a mighty army, the whole house of Israel. The separation had to be made then by the drowning flood : and so shall the separation be- tween tares and wheat have to be made now by a flood of accumulated judgments upon the whole earth: the family of Noah then amounted to seven; and in consonance, the church is to be known by the number seven ; however great and innumerable the multitude may be, they are re- presented by that sacred number, seven : The directions of God to Noah, who alone found grace in the sight of the Lord, as Christ alone is declared to have been well-pleasing in the sight of Gt)d the Father, must evidently shew that God had some farther, and more important pur- poses in view by them, than the bare safety and convenience of Noah and his family ; and may be FLAN OF SALVATION. 127 regarded as early developments of the safetv and convenience of Jesus Cnrist, and his family of seven, the church, which are according to the typical analogy of the circumstances of the ark and its indwellers, to he saved now in the ark of the covenant of grace, from the over-flowing, cominff judgments. ** The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us, (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ : who is gone int» heaven, and is on the right hand of God ; angels, and authorities, and powers, being made subject unto him."— 1 Peter iii. 21, 22. As Noah was a type of Christ, so v as the ark a type of the covenant made with Jesus Christ ; and therefore, as Noah and his family were pro- served in the ark, wliich God directed him to make of gopher wood for that purpose, so shall the family of Christ be preserved in the ark of the covenant with him who is the covenant head. Baptism is a like figure whereunto we are now saved by the resurrection of Jesus Christ. I have omitted the parenthetic clause (not the put- ting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God) , as it is only explanatory of the doctrine contained in the sacred teid;, for leading our attention from any virtue that might be supposed to be in any man- ner attached to the ordinance of baptism, any further than it may serve in a figurative sense to give the answer of a good conscience toward God : and it appears that Peter was aware that men would be apt to depend on that outward action I ! 11 128 PLAN OF SALVATION. for safety, as the Israelites, before the days of Hezekiah, depended upon the serpent which Moses was directed to elevate on the pole in the wilderness, and which Hezekiah called Ne- hushtan, a bauble, a ti*ifling thing for depen- dence, and which he ground into powder or dust. Peter, in like manner shews that no dependence is to be put in the ordinance of baptism, any further than he has declared that it suits only to give the answer of a good conscience ; and I believe if Peter found that men would put confi- dence in the mere outward washing with water, he would call it Nehushtan, a bauble, a trifle, and direct, as he has done, his disciples to depend for safety upon the resurrection of Jesus Christ: and join with Paul in saying, " For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son ; much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life." — Rom. v. 10. Christ himself being the ark of the covenant, all who shall be found in him, not having their own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith (Phil. iii. 9) , shall be hid in the secret of his pavilion, as in the hollow of his hand until these evils be overpast, and then the ark of the covenant shall rest safely on mount Ararat, as typified. The Antediluvian dispensation was thus closed by the flood; the Mosaic dispensation was also closed by a fearful culminating judgment; and Peter by analogy and inspiration denounces an exterminating flood of fire and awful judgments for closing this third dispensation^ when the PLAN OF SALVATION. 129 tares are to be gathered into bundles, and the wheat into the gamer. ''Whereby the world that then vas, being overflowed with water, perished : but the heavens, and the earth which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men." — 2 Pet. iii. d, 7. Peter in that passage makes reference to the flood, therefore we can easily discern a connection in the plan of Salvation even between these two extreme cases, the first flood and the last judg- ment : and we also can see a connection between the typical deliverance in the ark and the deliver- ance promised from the last judgment in the ark of the covenant Jesus Christ, One seeming difficulty still remains, that is, the reception of the clean and of the unclean in the typical ark : the manner ^n which Noah was directed to receive beasts, clean and unclean, and fowls of the air, to chose who have a knowledge of the meaning and use of sacred numbers, is sufficiently explicative on that seeming stumbling-block. I have already advert- ed to the number seven, and shewed that it was a number by which the church of Christ in the enjoyment of rest was meant in the sacred writ- ings : and as Noah was directed to receive the clean beasts, and birds of the air by sevens, the male and the female, that signifies that not only the church in its accepted condition may expect deliverance and safety in the ark of the covenant ; but that the portion of the church which is not yet recovered, and brought to the condition of rest and peace, may, in consequence of the eternal covenanti expect safety in the ark of the li h I 180 FLAN OF SALVATION. covenant ; for the number two signifies the elect in the unconverted statu, for in consequence of the eternal covenant their names are written in the Lamb's book of life before the mundation of the world ; the number two may be understood, by considering the condition of the man who rec^Ved the two talents, signifiying one of the elect, not yet fully enlightened so as to be pre- pared to give an account of what the two talents are intended to gain, even other two talents; therefore the clean are received in the number of the unqualified, unprepared children of the cove- nant: and besides, as that was not the final decision and judgment, beasts and fowls of all kinds were to be received, as the Lord God declares, ** to keep alive seed upon the face of all the earth." — Gen. vii. 3. The dove also, as an emblem of the Holy Spirit was received into the ark, and we can easily understand the meaning of that emblem when we see her returning, after the ark rested on mount Ararat, with the fig leaf, the second time, for the first time the waters were on the face of the earth — ^here we have the ^g leaf continued in the narration, and as I signified before, that the ^g leaves of which Adam and Eve made them aprons to cover their nakedness were representative of the leaves of the tree, which were for the healing of the nations, I will not dwell at any length on its meaning and signification at this early stage of the work ; but merely point out the difference between the raven and the dove — ^the raven was unclean and had no other purpose to serve at that time, but to fly up and down until the waters should be abated ; but FLAN OF SALVATION. 131 aU the dove had a great purpose to serve in these typical transactions, that the work of the spirit might be thereby shadowed forth, and to an- nounce to the saved, that the judgment is past when the wicked, the tares shall have been gather- ed into bundles and burnt, that the righteous may shine forth in the kingdom of their Father. I have dwelt the longer upon this eminent Type of Jesus Christ, as much of the plan of salvation is typically connected with his history, and on account of the events of high importance which were transacted in connection with his typical character — and as he is also a principal person of the series often in the division of typical persons to which he belongs, or of which he is the head or type, the Lord's chosen one. 132 PLAN OP SALVATION. 8HEM, TWELFTH TYPE. Shem is interpreted, name, renown; or he that puts or places, or who is put or placed. As I consider all the line of the progenitors of Jesus Christ as recorded in the chronicles of inspiration to have had the honour, in some degree, to be types of him, I consider it proper to take notice of them in their individual character and position in that illustrious line of ancestry, because they have been the channel of descent of the humanity of Jesus Christ — Shem, name, or renown, is put or placed, as Adam was, as the first progenitor of the line of Jesus Christ's ancestry according to the flesh ; and therefore deserves to be particularly remarked a,s to his disposition and character, in order to shew the furtherance of the plan of salvation in continued development through a holy line of chronicled persons of note and eminence : that a plan of unerring wisdom and design may be proven satisfactorily from the Holy Bibler^that a plan was devised before the world was, and all things connected therewith decreed and predestinated that a tittle could not fall to the ground without its accomplishment. Shem, in whose line the Saviour came is point- ed out in pre-eminence above his brethren, by his own pious and holy disposition in the way of filial affection and delicate sympathy shewn to his exposed Father — ^the continued contrast between good and evil is conspicuously shewn in the contrasted characters of the two brothers, Shem and Ham : profane Ham was of the seed of the FLAK OF SALTATION. 133 serpent under the curse, and he clearly proved his descent, therefore, his father Noah by the prophetic spirit continued the curse of his pro- genitors upon his offspring ; whereas by the same prophetic spirit the blessings of God were pro- nounced upon the head of Shem, as a typical blessing, signifying the blessings of the covenant through Jesus Christ. As Shem was a type of Christ at the commencement of replenishing the earth after the £ood, so was Ham a representa- tion of the devil, as Cain was, as proof that good and evil were still in the world and to be con- tinned in characters as clear proofs that the plan of salvation was still in progress, and not fully brought to a close : and therefore that men must still continue to look forward to some future period when the blessings typically bestowed through the instrumentality of principal char- acters, which were recorded as eminent types of him through whom the blessings of salvation were to be applied in due time an^ manner. As there was a continuation of typical men and typical transactions, there must also be a continuation of expectation of what was typically thus from age to age shadowed forth. In the first chapter of 1 Chronicles we find two series of names at the head of which Adam and Shem are placed as principal progenitors, and at the close of these two series we see other two principal patriarchal men, Noah and Abram, and each of them closing the series to which he belongs in the number ten, thus, classifying jthe Ancestors of Jesus Christ, in a convenient way for observation. And besides, we observe 134 FLAN OF SALVATIOK. some great purpose in that arrangement of unerring wisdom for the gradual' development of the plan of salvation — ^the tenth person is pre- eminently marked and by character and many circumstances connected mith his histoiy which have their own purposes to be manifestea in due time. As Noah, the tenth of the first series of chronicled eminent names, closes that first series, so Shem his son opens or commences the second, as an eminent type of Jesus Christ, and as such his disposition and character are shewn to advan- tage, in his delicate filial reverence and piety towards his illustrious father Noah, and therefore received his father's approbation and blessing as typifying the approbation and blessings of his own Father bestowed on Jesus Christ. PLAN OF SALVATION. 135 abphaxaii, thirteenth type. Arphaxad is interpreted one that heals, or that releases. Although Arphaxad is chosen in the line of the ancestry of Jesus Christ, he is not the first born to Shem, yet we find him placed the second from Noah in the second series of chroni- cled names in the first chapter of 1 Chronicles, and as I have in the plan of the book intended to follow especially the list of the progenitors of Jesus Christ I have to pass other eminent men in their generation unless T see something connected with the plan of salvation in their character or circumstances— of * that description is Job, I believe, although he is not in the chronicles of the typical ancestry as above. Job dwelt in the land of Uz, who was himself the sixth son of Shem, and therefore Job may have been of the descendants of Shem, although not one of his sons, at all events he was not placed in the Bible by inspiration of God, without his own puipose there. The patience of Job, under almost un- paralleled suSerings, unless we consider them representative of the unparalleled sufferings of the Son of God, is proverbial, and held out as an illustrious encouragement to those in affliction by seeing the end of the Lord in the close of Job's history. The patience of Job is held foi-th by James, in his epistolary address, when recom- mending patience to the Church. "Behold, we count them happy who endure. Ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord ; that the Lord is very pitiful, and of 186 FLAK OF SALTATION. tender mercy." — James v. 11. Although Job is thus honourably mentioned, yet, because his pedigree is not registered, we cannot class him in the typical list of recorded ancestry of Jesus Christ ; but Arphaxad is in that list the second of the second series of chronicled names of import- ance : and by the interpretation of his name shews clearly the typical character. That heals, or that releases is considered the interpretation of the name Arphaxad; and although Job is not registered so as that he could be classed with the progenitors of the Saviour, yet from the meaning of his name, which is weeping, or crying, the condition of Jesus may have been shadowed forth thereby ; as one that heals, and releases. The in- terpretation of the name Arphaxad, is typical of Jesus Christ in two parts of merciful dealings with his people. " When I would comfort myself against sorrow, my heart is faint in me. Behold the voice of the cry of the daughter of my people because of them that dwell in a far country. Is not the Lord in Zion? is not her king in her? Why have they provoked me to danger with their graven images, and with strange vanities? The harvest is past, the siimmer is ended, and we are not saved. For the hurt of the daughter of my people am I hurt ; I am black ; aBtonishment hath taken hold on me. Is there no balm in Gilead ; is there no physician there ? why then is not the health of the daughter of my people recovered ? " — Jer. viii. 18, &c. In that lamentation the dispersion and captivity of Israel is prophesied of; and the condition of Job is an appropriate representation of Jeremiah's lamentation, which FLAN OF SALTATION. 137 is a prophetic description of the lamentation of Jesus Christ over his revolted people: and Arphaxad, one that heals, or that releases, is an indisputable type of Jesus Christ, the Physician in Gilead, who alone is in possesion of the heal- ing balm, which was referred to by Jeremiah in the passage I have quoted ; and in these t3rpical and prophetic views there are held forth promises of healing to the hurt of the daughter of his people, and also final release from the land that is far off from God, according to the tenor of God's covenant with his own Son, who is appointed in the plan of salvation for these special purposes. There is therefore a continuation of prospect of healing and release from the bondage of sin and Satan held forth in the advancing progress of the development of the plan of salvation by the verj imposition of the name Arphaxad, who is found in the chronicled list of typical names in the line of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, until the fulness of the time of his manifestation in the flesh should come. 11 138 FLAN OF SALVATION. aALAH OR 8HELAH, FOUBTBENTH TTPE. This typical name is differently spelt in Genesis from its spelling in the Book of Chronicles where we find it in the second series of family names in the line of succession of the family of promise ; and there are additional meanings given in Chron- icles to the meanings given by its spelling in Genesis. The interpretation of the name Salah, is Mission, sending, or branch, or dart ; but by the spelling Shelah, it means that breaks, that unties, that undresses. In all these meanings it bears a marked typical allusion to Jesus Christ and the purposes of his mission into this Tvorld : the mission itself is contained in the first name, and the purposes for which he was sent are con- tained in the second; not only shadowing forth that he was to be sent into the world, but also what he would do when he should come. "Last of all he sent his Son, saying, They will reverence my Son." — Matt. xxi. 37. We may therefore consider that sending shadowed forth in the name Salah, which is interpreted, mission, sending: and we find in the meaning of the name by the other spelling the purpose for which he was to be sent, «. e. that breaks, that unties, that undresses. "For now will I break his yoke from off thee, and I will burst thy bonds in sunder." — Nahum i. 13. And not only was he prophesied of as one who should break off the yoke of bondage from the necks of his people ; but he was prophesied of as one who should break his enemies and the enemies of his people in FLAN OF SALVATION. 139 pieces. ** Thou shalt break them as with a rod of iron ; and shalt dash them in pieces as a potter's vessel/* — Psa. ii. 9. These things as contained in the name Shelah were parts of his mission into the world, and when what is contained in plain, intelligible language, is also contained in the meaning of the names of his progenitors, we may see the early openings of the plan of salvation given in various ways, that the full amount of intimation given in all the ways of revelation, might be viewed as indisputable testimony to the originality and eternal existence of the plan of the unerring counsel and fore-ordination of an all- wise God : for if a plan of salvation were not in existence how could there be such harmony and consistence between types and prophecies in testimony and corroboration ? The proofs there- fore are sufficiently clear and satisfactory that there was an eternal purpose and design, and that all things, not only in connection with the salvation and redemption of an elect world ; but also with regard to the destruction, and final doom of the reprobs^ted wicked, were decreed from all eternity — salvation and redemption to the one party by a positive, irreversible decree ; and destruction and misery to the other, by permissive, unalterable decree. 140 FLAM or BALVATtaif, SBSB, FIF T JU B JtlTH TTFB. Eber signifies, one that passes^ or passage ; or anger, wrath. It may be thought an inconsistent thing that the same name should be interpreted in ways seemingly so inconsistent with one another ; but although a seeming discrepancy may appear between the different interpretations, yet u we consider these typical names in reference to Jesus Christy we may see amazing wisdom dis- played in directing those who named these im- portant persons, in the way in which we find them arranged in the inspired chronicles of the highly honoured line of Jesus Christ's progenitors. He had both friends and enemies in the world; and therefore the early yiews which are given in the Bibde are wondeifully adapted and suitable to the nature of his mission into the world : there- foire we find in the interpretation of the name Eber, not only one that passes, sr d also passage ; but we find a second interpretation, which, in its application to Jesus Christ, explains something further in the typical illustration. We know that Jesus Christ passed before us through suffer- iag and death ; and that he is also the passage ^ or way for us to the Father ; and that through him alone we can have access to the Father. *' Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life ; no man cometh to the Father, but by me." — John xiv. 6. Now the meaning of the name Eber, passage, is the same as the yiews which Jesus was pleased to give of himself in the passr age which I haye just quoted, so that we may FLAN or SALTATION. 141 easily understand the typical allusion contained in the name Eber, for Jesus not only passed before us through suffering and death to prepare our way, but also has declared himself tcy be the passage, or the way to the Father. The name Eber is also interpreted, anffer, wrath, and although that might be supposed to be inconsistent with the merciful disposition of the Saviour, yet when we reflect on the state of the world, mixed as tares and wheat, and that it entered into the counsel of the glorious Trinity that the tares should be gathered into bundles to be burnt, and that the Father hath committed all judgment to the Son, we need not be surprised that a name which signifies a passage, or way to the Father, should also bear the other interpreta- tion. ** For the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment to the Son." — John v. 22. Finding therefore that he is not only the way to the Father, but that he hath received authority to execute judgment also, because he is the Son of Man (John V. 27), we need not wonder that the name of one of the types of him should bear the interpretation, wrath, and anger. And it is much confirmation to these views that we find the two epithets in one passage of scripture in application to him. *^Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him." — Psa. ii. 12. His treatment of the wicked, and all the nations that forget the Lord, who, according to the word of God, are to be turned into hell, must be considered widely different from his conduct to his own covenanted t •-. 142 PLAN OP SALVATION. people, who were in his purpose for salvation from all eternity. He is to appear to the one kind in flaming wrath to execute just wrath and vengeance on them as their sins deserve, but to the others as the way, and the truth, and the life ; and therefore we may consider the name Eber typical of him in both these respects. The interpretation of the name prophetically given to his Son may shew a further confirmation of these views. iiii ' ilt: .it.'t^^' 10 )*■ - -vfii ^-^ ;j- ikSilt. '. Hi r •;r-f."l"i's:i^.ii'- i:'r/')ir-'TJ^f'' ( ^-^'il'lVv^'^:',:''^ f^^' &' • Wiit^y'-'ji^^ 'i'::':''U; ^y.':^^ y> , U"l U s i 1 ^ M '■. ;.;f-^^/.^ * :.. ii.) PLAN OP SALVATION. 143 i-(m ".;i ■Hi Mkf'6 5- PELEG, SIXTEENTH TYPE. , The name Peleg is interpreted, division, and although there may be typically contained in it the division of the human family into elect and reprobated, yet it is necessary to apply it to Jesus Christ personally ; because he ii pointed out in an especial manner by those typical characters which are wonderfully arranged in the Holy Bible for that purpose. We find a transaction of Abram when he offered sacrifice unto the Lord which may be considered to correspond with the mean- ing of this typical name, as they may both have reference to Jesus Christ as the propitiatory sacrifice for our sins. " And he said unto him, I am the Lord that brought thee out of Ur'of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it. And he said. Lord God, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it? And he said unto him. Take me a heifer of three years old, and a she goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtle-dove, and a young pigeon. And he took unto him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each piece one against another, but the birds divided he not. And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abram drove them away. And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram ; and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him. And he said unto Abram, know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not their's, and shall serve them ; and they shall afilict them four hundred years; and also that r'' j m 144 PLAN OF SALVATION. nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge : and afterward shall they come out with great sub- stance. ♦ * * And it came to pass, that when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold, a smokiug furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between those pieces." — Gen. xv. 9, &c. As the name, Peleg, therefore signifies division, we may see in it the dividing of soul and body of the perfect sacrifice, Jesus Christ, when he died on the cross for our sins ; and as the birds were not divided, and as the dove is an emblem of the Spirit, we may easily see and understand from that, that the Spirit is indivisible, and therefore was offered entire, when Jesus Christ said, " Father, into thy hands I commend my Spirit : and having thus said, he gave up the ghost." Thus then in the early dawnings of revelations we can find satisfactory references to Jesus Christ in typical names, and typical transactions during the history of the line of the ancestry of Him who is the object of all types ; and in the interpreta- tion of the typical name, Peleg, also we have a distant view of a most important transaction, which cannot but have a tendency, in connection with all other types and typical transactions, to enlarge our views of the scripture proofs which are for that purpose recorded in the Holy Bible, for additional confirmation, in the advancing progress of early developments. of '. ^ iy * FLAN OF SALYATIOX. 145 V ' '^;b;'^^ REU, SEVENTEENTH TYPE. This typical name is interpreted his friend, or his shepherd : and when we have to consider the names of die ancestors of Jesus Christ, as he descended from God through a well-connected, covenanted, federally holy line of ancestry, all typical of himself, and each shadowing forth so much of his history, we have a beautiful view of him shadow- ed forth in the meaning of this eminent typical name Reu. Not only does Reu lihadow forth the character of Jesus Christ as our friend and brother, bone of our bone, and flesh of our flesh ; but his office as Bishop and Shepherd of our souls is beautifully and expressly shadowed forth : and not only may his own friendly disposition and conduct towards us be considered as typified in Reu ; but also the friendly relation which exists between him and his people is cheeringly alluded to in that early allusion. "Henceforih I call you not servants, for the servant knoweth not what his Lord doeth ; but I have called you friends, for all things that I have. heard of my ^ather I have made known unto you." — John, x^ 15. In that manner then Christ intimates to his brethren and disciples the friendly footing in which he encouraged his followers to consider themselves, although they might not then fully comprehend the full mean- ing of that highly encouraging declaration. And not only did he thus shew himself their friend and brother ; but he gave the highest and most exalted display, not only of his friendly dis- 1 1 'j; 146 PLAN OP SALVATION. position and purposes towards them, in his tender and benevolent treatment ; but also in his suflfer- ings and death. " For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly. For scarcely for a righteous man will one die ; yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die. But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Much more then, being now justified by his flood, we shall be saved from wrath through him." — ^Rom. v. 6, &c. That is a higher and a more exalted display of his friend- ship and love, than any thing which the friendship and love of the whole creation could produce or exhibit. And not only is that glorious display of his friendship once manifested ; but his love and friendship are of an unchangeable and permanent character ; for, " A man that hath friends must shew himself friendly ; and there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother.'* — Pro v. xviii. 24. Besides that character of friendship, Jesus Christ manifests himself in that unchangeable character of Bishop and Shepherd, unabating in his care of his own flock towards whom he displayed infinite love and friendship : these qualities and circum- stances whicfi are conspicuously and eminently connected with, and inseparably attached to the character of Jesus Christ, were shadowed forth by the typical name Reu, as early developments in the plan of salvation. .^ . . *.. >■ . ; * v ... , i, : ti i t~:f.-fr-i.'if i i 1> •K^t -^ji iV- ( 5du-ib li'il}f-%j * :f MiAN OP SALVATION. 147 (; ;' SERUG, EIGHTEENTH TYPE* This typical name is interpreted branch, layer, or twining: which also shadows forth peculiar qualities in Him of whom he is peculiarly typical. Christ Jesus as the Branch or plant of renown is alluded to by the meaning of this typical name. "Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, thou, and thy fellows that sit before thee ; for they are men wondered at ; for, behold, I will bring forth my servant the Branch." — Zech. iii. 8. As the inter- pretation of the name Serug is branch, it would tend to the same purpose to have inserted in the prophecy the very name Serug; but when the Prophet gives the interpretation of the typical name, we can see something of the obscurity under which the intention of the Lord is, in the early stage of development, removed ; and when the meaning is given in the languages which we use, we arrive at the reference in connection with the history of the genealogy of Jesus Christ. In the advancement of developments, subjects are brought nearer, in the views communicated, to the glorious manifestation, and as a proof some- thing in addition to former intimations is given in every age and period of the church's history ; the passage I have quoted receives additional strength by the same prophet by an additional passage which may be quoted in proof. " And take silver and gold, and make crowns, and set them on the head of Joshua the son of Josedec, the high priest, and speak unto him, saying. Thus speaketh the Lord of Hosts, saying. Behold the 148 PLAN OP SALVATION. man whose name is the Branch ; and he shall grow * up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the Lord : Even he shall build the temple of Hie Lord ; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne : and he shall be a priest upon his throne ; and the counsel of peace shall be between them both." — Zech. vi. 11, &c. Thus, therefore, in the advancing progress of the Church's history, the plan of salvation is developed in advanc- ing correspondence and harmony. Christ Jesus is to be understood as signified by the expression the Root of Jesse (Isa. xi. 10) , and the Root of David (Rev. V. 5), because as he is God in Christ recon- ciling the world to himself, not imputing their tres- passes unto them; and as he is man descended through a federally holy line of ancestry from God, he must be understood under the typical name» Serug, interpreted branch. By that name also his church is shewn in the unity of the Spirit and bond of peace, as the branches of the vine, or, members together of the body of Jesus Christ. " I am the vine, ye are the branches : he that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit; for without me ye can do nothing." — John xv. 5. In that relation and connection the church stands to Jesus Christ, as the branches are connected with the tree, and receiv3 of the sap and sub- stance of the tree what is sufficient to preserve them in a vigorous condition for bearing fruit, so does the church receive of his fulness, and grace for grace." — John i. 16. And wonderful as it may appear, those qualities, and that spiritual connec- tion and union are shadowed in the typical name Serug. VLAN OF SALVATION. KAHOR, XINETEEKTH TYPE. 149 This name is interpreted, hoarse, dry, hot, angry. And although its typical meaning does not shadow forth Jesus Christ in his lovely attributes, yet as there are inteivals between favour and wrath, on account of the intermixture of evil in the world ; and on account of the often and repeated delinquencies and apostacies of the Lord's people, the views of the anger and resent- ment of a righteous, a holy, and a just God had to be shadowed forth, during those early develop- ments, that the after ages might be warned by the manifestations of the wrath and hot dis- pleasure of the Lord against the workers of iniquity. It is not that he is actually in his own disposition and nature such as is typified in the interpretation of the name, Nahor ; but the sins of his people being upon them, by his just, and righteous decision, what would bear the con- struction of anger and hot displeasure ; in such a way that they should appear to his people when under the chastening hand of a merciful, and compassionate God who is love as \hQ actual effects of passion and irascibility in God : and thus God is said to be angry with the wicked every day, as in the following passage : " God judgeth the righteous, and is angry with the wicked every day." — ^Ps. vii. 11. That is expressed in coi!isequence of his righteous treat- ment of the wicked : and as all judgment is committed to the Son the application of these views may warrantably be madie to Jesus Christ ; and therefore Nahor is a type of him in that sense, as angry with the wicked every day. 150 PLAN OP SALVATION. u t V TERAH, TWENTIETH TYPE, This illustrious, typical name is interpreted, to breathe, to scent, to blow. In this name we may see breathings and aspirations after some- thing however unknown to Terah at those times of types and typical transactions they may have been, and by divine direction, no doubt, removed from Ur of the Chaldees with Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran his son's son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram's wife, to go into the land of Canaan ; and they came unto Haran and dwelt there ; and Terah died in Haran. In that minute account of that illustrious family we behold not only the line of the genealogy of the family of promise, but also near approaches to the time of more abundant developments of the plan of salvation, when the covenant typifiying the covenant of grace, made with Jesus Christ from all eternity, was to be ratified with Abram or Abraham — no wonder then that the name, in the direct line of ancestry next to Abraham should m^an to breathe, to scent, to blow. I have already shewn that those typical names were given by secret direction by the Lord him- self for the continuation of advancing develop- ments ; and for preserving entire the holy covenanted line of the ancestry of Jesus Christ in order to give satisfaction to the heirs of promise with regard to the legitimacy of his claims as heir of all things, descended in a pure unbroken- line of covenanted typical ancestry from God to Mary his mother. FLAN OF SALTATION. 151 In this significant name might be seen, could they then unveil the mystery covered under the typical name Terah, the Father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, leading and accompanying his own Son to his inheritance and kingdom. Terah was the father of Abraham, with whom God entered into covenant for himself and for his seed after him, in their generations, for an ever- lasting covenant ; and that may be considered a shadowing forth of the covenant of grace entered into with Jesus Christ from all eternity, although veiled under that typical, illustrative name Terah ; and the breathing, scenting, and blowing, repre- sented by that typical name, may have referred to the Holy Spirit by which Jesus Christ is usher- ed into the world, when the fullness of the time was come. "Then said Mary unto the angel. How shall this be, seeing I know not a man ? And the angel answered, and said unto her. The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee ; therefore also that holy thing, that shall be born of thee, shall be called the Son of God."— Luke i. 34, 35. Thus then we behold the exact correspondence and agreement of the typical event. Terah leading and ushering his son Abraham into the land pur- posed in the eternal counsel of the glorious Trinity, and the ushering in of the Head of a better covenant and of surer promises. There is also a close connection between the meaning of the name Terah and the Holy Spirit, in the man- ner in which the spiritual preparation is made in the covenanted children of promise for the recep- tion of Jesus Christ as their King and Lord ; ■ f-: i' 152 FLAN OF SALTATIOir. therefore Terah is an eminent type in the line of the ancestry of Jesus Christ, by which typical character the development of the plan of salvation may be seen in gradual progress ; but as Terah's son Abraham is a highly important character in the progress of developments, much that mi^ht be advanced from the typical name of his fat£er Terah, may be reserved for the illustration of what may be contained in his eminent name and character. ft vt,^; ;. ..IV" I , " ' ' "*■■ ''' '■ " " ' ■ / ■ '*'•*>'.■ r/ FLAN OF SALVATION. 153 m ,f * ^ ABRAM, CHArCrD TO ABRAHAM, TWENTY-FIRST TYPE. This great patriarchal ti anc is interpreted, high father, and the father of a great multitude, or, of many nations ; and shadows forth more fully the Saviour as head of the church, than names of whose histor}' we have in the Bible but a short narrative. He is also of high consequence in the typical use of his name, as well as in his patri- archal character ; because what is shadowed forth in the plan of salvation by the very meaning of his name, is of easier access by the history of the very great multitude, or of the many nations which descended by ordinary generation from the venerable patriarch. The twelve tribes of Israel, which were kept separate from all the nations by the covenant of circumcision, illustrate and prove satisfactorily, the typical and prophetic name Abraham to have been given and intended by God, who changed his name from Abram, high father, to Abraham, father of a great multitude, or of many nations, for continuation, in a very conspicuous manner, of the development of the plan of salvation ; as well as for pointing out very clearly the Saviour himself, upon a larger scale of historical facts, than is to be found in the in- termediate types from Adam to Noah, and from Noah to the great patriarch himself. Adam was the original progenitor, and Noah and Abraham stand in the list of typical genealogy as the tenths of the two sci les of typical tens. Noah is the tenth of the first scries, and therefore more im- 12 154 PLAN OF SALVATION. portant viows connected with the plan of salva- tion ore shadowed forth in his name and history than is found connected with the names and history of intermediate, less important typical names from Adam to him as God's specially dis- tinguished titliing of the family of promise. And now Abraham is exhibited as the second highly important typical tenth of the second series of tens, and pre-eminently marked out an extended typical chat-acter, not only by the interpretation of his illustrious name and station ; but also by God's favour to him in the great covenant trans- actions, and extended promises of peculiar favour to his seed and offspring for ever and ever. In him and in his seed all the nations of the earth were to be blessed — that in an especial manner is to be applied spiritually to the blessings of the covenant through Jesus Christ, who " took not the nature of angels, but took the seed of Abra- ham ; " and we therefore see him in the beginning of the New Testament called the Son of David, the Son of Abraham : but although it is to be applied pre-eminently to Jesus Christ, yet all the seed are included with him — the many nations signified by his very typical name, Abraham, the father of manv nations — Christ, the seed of Abra- ham, and all the descendants of the venerable patriarch as the members of his body, the twelve tribes of Israel in all the generations of them, according to the tenor of the covenant of promise. The seed of Abraham were the peculiar people of God, contradistinguished from all the nations of the earth by the ordinance of circumcision, as well as by many peculiarities in their character PLAN OP SALVATION. 155 and coiulition — and in thorn all tho nations of tho earth have been blessed by the extensive promul- gation of the doctrines of the Holy Bible. In that typical sense, Abraham and his seed are beautifully illustrative of Jes\is Christ and his church, in whom, in the spiritual sense, all the nations of the earth are to be blessed, although not on a footing of equality with themselves. In the familiar intercourse to which Abraham was graciously admitted with God we have typical views of the immediate intercourse which the Son of God held with his Father as regards, not only the destruction of the wicked, as in the case of Sodom and Gomorrah, but also as regards, the preservation and redemption of the righteous, as exemplified in the intercession of Abraham in their behalf: "And Abraham drew near and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked ? Peradventurc there be fifty righteous within the city : wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein ? That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with tho wicked ; and, that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee : Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?" — Gen. xviii. 23, &c. In such favourable, and honourable, and highly distinguished positions do we behold the vener- able patriarch, admitted to familiar intercourse with God ; but we are not to consider him thus highly favoured of God independently of his typical character, and position in the line of the genealogy of Jesus Christ. He was a good man, as many beautiful traits in his illustrious life and 156 (I PLAN OF SALVATION. ^ conversation tend to prove, yet it is with his typical name and character we have to do, and to ihese we are to be much restricted. God's wonderful dealings with the venerable patriarch Abraham prove him to have been no ordinary person in the line of the genealogy of Jesus Christ ; but is to be regarded as a peculiar friend of God, from the time the Lord first appeared unto him, until the close of his memorable life. He was directed of God to leave his father's house and kindred, and to dwell in a land which the Lord would shew him, thus proved conspicuously to have been highly favoured of God ; but the development of the pian of salvation in a highly eminent degree in him is what I have to consider, and not a eulogy on his eminently pious character, therefore I must confine myself principally to the object which I have in view. " Now the Lord had said unto Abram, get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto a land that I will shew thee ; and I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great ; and thou shalt be a blessing : and I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee ; and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed." — Gen. xii. 1, &c. In that conference, and in these promises and extended prospects, are beautifully and prominently shadowed forth like conference with Jesus Christ by the Father when he commissioned him to be our mighty deliverer : and in these promises and extended prospects we behold our blessed Saviour, as typified, Abraham's seed a blessing to the ends of the earth ; and that PLAN OP SALVATION. 157 I they should be blessed who should bleas him, and that he should be cursed who should curse him. . In these views we may behold also the decree of approbation as well as the decree of reproba- tion — ^the righteous to be rewarded, but the wicked to be punished. There is a remarkable difference to be observed in that mode of expression to which it is proper to refer, the blessing to the people that shall bless him, but the curse to one individual that shall curse him — Christ himself is the head of them 3S a body who shall bless him — but as the curse is prophetically denounced against one only that shall curse, we are to understand by that mode of differential expression, that the devil, or Cain the progenitor of all the reprobated race is meant in all the members of his wicked body; and that as all nations are, by the tenor of God's covenant, to be blessed in their patriarchal head, so all the reprobated among all nations are to be cursed with him who curseth the blessed patriarchal head. In order that all the revelations of God on the plan of salvation should bear the stamp of truth and consistency in the harmonious agreement of types and antitype, Abram had to descend into Egypt, as it was in the foreknowledge of God, that Joseph and Mary would have, as was the case to descend into Egypt, with the infant Jesus : and therefore in the time of famine Abram went down into Egypt ; and there God's favour was shewn to him, in plaguing Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram's wife, whom Pharaoh held in bondage from her lawful husband, as God plagued ill i (* 158 FLAN OF SALVATION". another Pharaoh for holding in bondage the people of God's covenant, who were represented by Sarai, Abram's wife. It may by careless readers be thought that they have discovered a blot in the venerable patriarch's character thai he said of Sarai, his wife- -she is my sister, but let such read the twentieth chapter of Genesis, where Abimelech again as did Pharaoh, covet Sarai, and they will find that Abram vindicated his own righteous character from the falsely imputed charge of prevarication and falsehood. "And Abraham said. Because I thought, surely the fear of God is not in this place ; and they will slay me for my wife's sake. And yet indeed she is my sister ; she is the daughter of my father, b it not the daughter of my mother ; and she became my wife." In that passage the truth and probity of the pious patriarch are proven, and the iDatriarchal character of him with whom God entered into covenant is cleared of the aspersion of falsehood with which he was charged, for she was his sister. .,, ^^ How beautifully and harmoniously does that agree with the address of Jesus Christ to the Church as in the following passage : " I am come into my garden, my sister, my spouse ; I have gathered my myrrh with ray spice ; I have eaten my honey-comb with my honey ; I have drunk my wine with my milk ; eat, O friends ; drink, yea, drink abundantly, O beloved." — Cant. V. 1. In both which places the same object is called both sister and spouse, showing a beautiful agreement of scriptures for shadow- ing forth and illustrating the typical contents of Ill PLAN OF SALVATION. 159 t:| both. Could there be any thing more consist- ently adduced than that declaration — "And yet indeed she is my sister ; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother ; and she became my wife " — to prove the whole circum- stances to have been of divine arrangement and disposal, according to original design and pur- pose, for illustrating, in those early developments, the intimate relation and unity in which the Church stands to Jesus Christ. She is his sister, the daughter of his Father, " And ye shall be my sons and my daughters saith the Lord Almighty," but not the daughter of his mother Mary ; and she becomes his wife, for he saith, "And I will betroth thee unto me for ever ; yea, I will betroth thee unto me in righteousness, and in judgment, and in loving kindness, and in mercies. And I will even betroth thee unto me in faithfulness : and thou shalt know the Lord." — Hos. ii. 19, 20. So that we can easily follow up the views and marks of an original design in the plan of salva- tion from the exact agreement and accordance of types, and typical transactions and the prophecies which refer to Jesus Christ and the affairs of his kingdom, and behold them all fultilled in Him who is the special object of all types, typical transactions, and prophecies in connection with the affairs of the kingdom of heaven. Although the whole Bible be one continuous chain of agreeing events in the plan of salvation, yet there are times and circumstances, in the progress of developments, When the light seems to flash with redoubled splendour of brightness upon the eyes of the student from glorious mani- It 160 PLAN OF SALVATION. I festations of the eternal purpose of the counsel of the glorious Godhead, which cannot but carry an overwhelming power of conviction and evidence to all the faculties of the soul, of the sure decrees of God in all things connected with the glorious plan of salv£*tion through Jesus Christ our Lord and our Saviour. Of that description of representative manifes- tations is the dealings of God with Abrahanl when he blessed him, changed his name, and entered into covenant with him, and his seed after him in their generations, for an everlasting cove- nant, by which dealings and covenant, the deal- ings of God with his own Son, and the covenant of grace, which was ratified in the counsel of the Trinity from all eternity, and which is to endure through all eternity, is shadowed forth in all the glowing colours of descriptive representation. The covenant transactions may be read from the records of inspiration ; and indeed no professor of the religion of Christianity should be ignorant of the ratification and tenor of the Abrahamic covenant, because we are greatly led thereby to an understanding of the covenant of grace and the tenor of that covenant. Together with the multiplicity of typical cir- cumstances connected with the history of the venerable patriarch, there is a circumstance which may not to the general readers of the Bible ap- pear of any great importance for the develop- ments of the plan of salvation, still there are many things yet concealed under seal, which shall be revealed according to their usefulness in the general openings and revelations of the mystery i # PLAN OP SALVATION. 161 of God, at the times and periods when their aids and corroborative testimony are required for con- firmation and proof of what they vire intended to confirm and establish. The circumstance I allude to may be read in the fourteenth chapter of Genesis, when the account of the battle of four kings with five is recorded : and where there is an account of Abraham with his three friends who were in league and covenant with him res- cuing the prey of the five kings from the four kings — the four kings conquered the five kings, and carried off the spoils which they found in their cities and country, and Abraham as one of ' another four recovered the spoil and brought it back in triumph. I do not intend to enter fully into the spiritual meaning of these transactions in this place, but as these transactions Jire connected with the great type, Melchizedec, I cannot well account for some part of the conduct of Abraham towards that typical character, without giving a short illustration of the whole in connection. The number ^ve among the sacred numbers signifies the world, the wicked, human nature of the people of the covenant while in their natural state and condition, and the number four signifies the human nature of Jesus Christ, and the know- ledge which his saints obtain of him in this world as the man Christ Jesus. With regard to the number five signifying the wicked, consider the ^ye brethren of the rich man in helJ, and you may be led to its meaning among the sacred numbers. And with regard to the number four, you may consider the position in which the man Christ Jesus is placed as mediator between God :sf. "11 V 162 PLAN OF SALVATION. # and men, and these views will be further con- firmed. " For there is one God, and one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus ; who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time." — 1 Tim. ii. 5, 6. Now the number of the Trinity is three ; and I have shewn that the number of the world is five, therefore the num- ber which ranges between three and five is four, and is therefore the number by which the man Christ Jesus is to be understood among the sacred numbers ; and from that we may learn some useful lesson with regard to the number four, of which Abraham is the fourth in recovering the spoil of the ^VG kings from the first f3ur who conquered the five — the first four signify humanity, and the second four of whom Abraham, as a type of Jesus Christ, was one, signify divinity, or spiri- tuality; but I cannot enter any further on that consideration in this place, but merely draw my conclusion with regard to the typical character of Abraham in connection with these typical trans- actions — typical of Jesus Christ dividing the spoil with the mighty. There is another great and eminent Type of Jesus Christ introduced in this part of the history of Abraham in the Holy Bible, and although he is not one of the ancestors of Jesus Christ in the connected line of his genealogy, yet as a special type of the Saviour in his kingly and priestly offices, he is highly worthy of a place among the rcfst of the types, for in his history much is con- tained typically of the history of the Saviour. .V. .d. PLAN OF SALVATION. MALCniZEDEK, TYPE OF CHRIST. 163 v: ■ li • ♦i ' . When Abraham had returned from the slaugh- ter of Chedorhiomer, and of the kings that were with him, " Melchizedek, king of Salem, brought forth bread and wine ; and he was the priest of the Most High God ; And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the Most High God, possessor of heaven and earth.: .and blessed be the Most High God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thine hand. And he gave him tithes of all." — Gen. xiv. 18, &c. As the Apostle Paul extends the views of the typical character of this eminent type of Jesus Christ in Gospel, or New Testament form and style, his illustrations may be considered, along with the glimpse which is given of him in the Old Testament, as many use- less questions are often broached with regard to the description given by the Apostle Paul. The Apostle is reasoning powerfully with the Jews with regard to the high-priesthood of Jesus Christ, and for that purpose he drew his argu- ments and strong reasoning from the elevated and high position in which Melchizedek was placed in the Holy Bible, when so great a man as Abra- ham gave him tithes of all, and received his bless- ing; and that even Levi offered tithes to this great high priest Melchizedek, while he was yet in the loins of Abraham, of whom he was de- scended. "To whom Abraham also gave the tenth part of all ; first being by interpretation, King of righteousness, and after that also. King of Salem, which is King of peace ; without father, * iM 164 PLAN OP SALVATION. r ' without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life ; but made like unto the Son of God, abideth a priest continually." Heb. vii. 2, 3. These are the views which we have in the scriptures of that eminent type of Jesus Christ, and we are not permitted to pry into the secrets of the Almighty any further than he is pleased to reveal his will to the children of men. The history of Melchizedek is given for a special purpose, and when that purpose is served we require no more of his history. He makes - his appearance in connection with the patriarch Abraham, who proves, by giving him tithes, that he was by his office, as priest of the Most High God, greater than himself, and Paul again proves that Jesus is a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek, and not after the order of the Lf dtical priesthood which had a beginning in Aaron and ended with the Mosaic dispensation. Melchizedek was without father, and without mother ; without descent, and without beginning of days or end of life ; but made like unto the Son of God, abideth a priest continually. And so was Jesus Christ without human father as to his human nature, and without mother as to his divine nature — without descent, by ordinary generation as to his divine nature. " And who shall declare his generation ? " — Isa. liii. 8. He was without beginning of days as to his divinity, and without end of life as the high priest of our profession, but abideth a priest con- tinually ; therefore Melchizedek was brought for- ward according to these views in his typical character, but make like unto the Son of God. PLAN OF SALVATION. 165 He was intended to shadow forth in his typical station and condition the Son of God according to the views which I have just stated ; and thus served the purpose which God had for him, and we require no further knowledge of his history. As much is given as is necessary for the Lord's design and purpose in the plan of salvation, to shadow forth in the progress of developments, that much of the offices, and condition, and character of our blessed Saviour, in order that, in these latter days, the two Testaments should be compared, and that the harmonious agreement of types and antitypes would be produced in evidence of the christian religion, for the con- vincing^of the Jews to whom Christ crucified has been long a stumbling-block; and for the con- vincing of the Gentiles or Greeks to whom Christ crucified has been foolishness. In the typical history of Melchizedek wo have exhibited, too, typical views of him who was appointed of God from eternity, in the counsel of the glorious Trinity, to be our great high priest and King, to ofier an acceptable sacrifice in God in our behalf, and to be our King to subdue us to himself, to rule us, and to defend us, and to restrain and conquer all his and our enemies ; but with Abraham he entered into covenant, not only for himself, but for his seed after him in their generations for an everlasting covenant ; and not only therefore was Abraham a type of Jesus Christ in his patriarchal character, but also as the covenant head with God, so that not onlv was the Lord himself shadowed forth in Abraham, but also the covenant of grace made with the Son of God in the counsel of the glorious Godhead. 166 PLAN OP SALVATION. Sarah, who was a ty))e of tho Abrahamic Church, was long barren, but it pleased God to visit her, and in her old age she bare a son and by divine direction called his name Isaac ; but it may be proper to quote the scripture on that part of the subject, that it may be seen that all things bear the stamp of an original plan of unerring wisdom and original design. "And God said unto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name bo. And I will bless her, and give thee a son of her : yea, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations ; kings of people shall be of her." * * * "And they said unto him. Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said,' Behold in the tent. * nd ho said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life ; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door which was behind him. Now Abraham and Sar.ih were old and well stricken in age ; and it ceased to be with Sanih after the manner of women. Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying. After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?" — Gen. xvii. and xviii. There are many things connected with the history of the great ty- pical characters, which are recorded in the Holy Bible, which, when understood, help greatly other views to confirm the mind in the great truths of the word of God, but leading characters and events only can be treated in the plan which I have in contemplation ; yet there are circumstances con- nected with what I have quoted from those chap- ters wliich I cannot justifiably omit. The typical t:M-- . PLAN OF SALVATION'. 167 < ( name Sarai, is intorpvetocl, my lady, my princess ; and aftor she is bleHsed . her name is chaui^ed into Sarah, which is interi)reted huly» or princess, or the princess of tlie mnltitnde — or according to onr English translation in the Bible, "And she shall be a mother of nati(ms ; kings of \>(»ople shall be of her." In these views is contained the church of Christ upon an extended scale, ])ut there is a circumstance which greatly deseiTe» our attention, i.e. Sarah's inward laughter : and as the name Isaac means laughter it might be sup- posed that her laugh was incidental, and that on that account her child was named Isaac, or ti*ans- hited laughter; but all these things were by divine direction ; and the very laugh had in it special reference to something of very high importance, for the name is of divine appointment and express command. "And God said, Sarai thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call his name Isaac, laughter, and I w ill establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him." — Gen. xvii. 19. Considering Isaac a type of Jesus. Christ, we may easily understand the reference to the joyful condition of the Church when in Jesus Christ all the nations of the earth shall hear " the glad tidings of great joy which shall be to all people." "And the Lord visited Sarah as he had said, and the Lord did unto Sarah as he had spoken : for Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him. And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bare unto him, Isaac. And If •%Ei IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4^ 4^ %>,^ 4^ ^ ^ 1.0 1.1 lAilM |25 US ^^ "^ u^ Uii 12.2 Z Ufi 12.0 ■IMU lliilli4U4 W ^4 Photographic Sdeoues Cbrporation ¥^ 23 «VIST MAIN STtHT WnsnR,N.Y 14SW (yu)»7a-4soj ^^ ^^^'^^ .!^'^■^'i'i^p^,■.:i^ ^ 6^ ^m 168 PLAN OF SALVATION. Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him. And Abraham was an hundred years old, when his son Isaac was born unto him. And Sarah said, God hath made me to laugh, so that all that hear will laugh with me." — Gen. xxi. 1. &c. Not only is the establishment of the covenant with Isaac promised, but in the prophetical language of Sarah, that, "all that hear will laugh with her," we behold a wonderful prospect held out to the church at some furture periods of her history, in that prophetic expression ; and it cannot but be applied, by all who understand the typical arrangements of the Old Testament language, to the effect of gospel revelations, and gospel bless- ings through Jesus Christ our Lord. Many parts both of the old and new Testaments exhibit the laughter alluded to in that laugh of Sarah which would over-crowd the present views to have them inserted : one special passage may be quoted in corroboration of what I have advanced from Peter's writings, who himself had full and ample experience of what was typically predicted by the circumstance to which I allude. "Whom having not seen, ye love ; in whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice with joy unspeakable, and full of glory : receiving the end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls." 1 Pet. i. 8. 9. Therefore in the plan of salvation, and in those early developments, that circumstance may well be considered typical, and highly illustrative of what it is wisely and graciously intended to shadow forth in connec- tion with all other circumstances. Ll ol oi L| is I FLAN OP SALVATION, 169 After Abraham's faith had been tried by the Lord who commanded him to go into the land of Moriah ; and offer his son there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which the Lord would shew him, the covenant of the Lord is confirmed with him in the following words : *' And the angel of the Lord called unto Abraham out of heaven the second time, and said. By myself have I sworn, saith the Lord, for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son : that in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea-shore ; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies ; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed ; because thou hast obeyed my voice." — Gen. xxii. 15, &c. In the repeated allusions which are made to Jesiis Christ and his church in the typical names and circumstances which I have been illustrating, I could see a clear line of connection between them all in proof of the same subject, the plan of salvation in early, partial development, clearly proving an original purpose and design : but when we enter into the spiritual views of these glorious coven- anted promises which are in that passage, our minds are carried along by an overwhelming power of evidence sufficient to eradicate all sceptical principles with regard to the eternal decrees of God for our salvation, as they are thus early and progressively intimated in the gradual but sure developments which are every where in our progress presented to our under- standings. 13 mm 170 PLAN or SALVATION. The promises contaimed in that passage which I have quotefl,i;^re referred by the Apostle Paul to the blessings* of the^ covenant of grace through Jesus Christ !i9Ur Lord,, atid are not confined to the blessings connected with the covenant made with Abi^dham and his numerous offspring. "Now to Abrahjam and his seed were the promises made. Hei saith not, and to seeds, as of many ; but as of- one, and to thy seed, which is Christ." — Ga]. iiiv 16. The reference is clearly made to Jesus Christ, who was "The son of David, the son of Abraham." Therefore the plan of salvation is thus early intimated, and continued in progressive development by types and pro- phecies, with such force of evidence ^ that it must be conaidejed astonishing that any man of ordinary judgmenjt could possibly be found so blind as to doubfe the fore-ordination of God in all things connected With the plan of salvation which is thus pjoved toi have been a plan of original purpose and. design, and clearly carried on through th^ jmulti^lioity of types, typical circum- stances, and prophecies which must be considered certain indications of that original design. PLAN OF SALVATION. 171 • r. 'f r ■ ^/ i . ISAAC, TWENTY-SECOND TYPE. The name Isaac is interpreted, laughter, or joyfulness, and a more suitable or " appropriate type or emblem of Jesus Christ could ' not be adduced as regards the effect of his interposition in our behalf, and the* benefits of his propitiatory sacrifice. We were naturally since the fall in Adam enveloped in gross darkness, and ignorance of divine things ; and by his appearahce in the world in our behalf, the gloom of darkness vanishes wheresoever the rays of his benign countenance are made to shine, causing joy and gladness, and laughter to succeed the many sorrows, and afflictions, and fears of former days. And besides all the joyfulness and laughter which his name typically promises, Isaac is me child of promise, for, Sarah his mother, although a numerous offspring from her to Abrahatn was promised, yet was barren utitil she'hM arrived at the advanced age of ninety years ; but that shews that nothing is too ha^d fot God; but that all things are possible with God^, and because he had so purposed he shews His power to per- form. It might be thought impossible that Mary should conceive when, as she declared to the promising angel, she knew not man, and yet the promise of God was fulfilled ; for the Spirit of the Lord came upon her, and the power of the Highest overshadowed her, therefore that Holy thing which was bom of her was Called the Soii of God. Both Isaac and Jesus were children of promise, and miraculously conoeived, and in these ii ^mmm^. 172 PLAN OP SALVATION. respects they perfectly agree as type and antitype ; and the meaning of the name Isaac, and the fulfil- ment of what is shadowed forth in the first, being clearly verified in the second, proves that in Isaac the plan of salvation through Jesus Christ is continued in progressive development. Although Ishmael was Abraham's eldest son, yet, as his mother Hagar was an Egyptian, and only Abraham's servant, the line of legitimate genealogy could not be continued through him, therefore God said, "In Isaac shall thy seed be called." "And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she had born to Abraham, mocking; wherefore she said unto Abraham, cast out this bond-woman and her son ; for the son of this bond-woman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac. And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight because of his son. And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thy bond-woman; in all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called. And also of the son of the bond-woman, will I make a nation, because he is chy seed." — Gen. xxi. 9, &c. In this portion of scripture, as in all other parts, we find the uniformity of the original design and purpose of God in advancing develop- ments of the plan of salvation through Jesus Christ our Lord : the legitimacy of the offspring of the Patriarchs strictly attended to; and the tenor of the Abrahamic covenant in its first step of progress, authoritatively observed. Hagar's son Ishmael was not, according to the tenor of PLAN OF SALVATION. 173 the covenant, the legitimate offspring of Abraham, being the child of an Egyptian bond- woman > therefore he could not be heir with Isaac, the child of promise, born to Abraham of his lawful wife, Sarah, who was by promise in the covenant to be "the mother of nations," therefore saith the Lord, "In Isaac shall thy seed be called." And although this be true with regard to the lineal descendants of Abraham and Sarah, as the chron- icles of Israel prove, yet the reference in the spiritual meaning is restricted to Jesus Christ, in whom, as the true seed, all nations were to be blessed. The twelve tribes of Israel, the descendants of Abraham and Sarah, were God's peculiar, covenanted people ; to them alone of all the nations of the earth did the Lord grant the revelation of his counsel and will ; to them alone were committed and entrusted the oracles of God ; and they alone were responsible for the preserva- tion of the Holy Scriptures. "Hear this word that the Lord hath spoken against you, O children of Israel, against the whole family which I brought up from the land of Egypt, saying, You only have I known of all the families of the earth, therefore will I punish you for all your iniquities." In Isaac, therefore, in the typical sense of the word, all the families of the earth were to be blessed, by the diffusion of the revela- tions of God vouchsafed to them alone of all the families of the earth; but, in the spiritual sense of the word, in Jesus Christ, as typified by Isaac, all nations were to be blessed, with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places — ^the bless- ings of the covenant were promised in perpetuity ill i ■i 174 PLAN OF SALVATION. in the offspring of the venerable Patriarch Abraham; as shadowing forth the blessings of the covenant to all the spiritual seed through Jesus Christ our Lprd. As it was in the purpose of God that Hi8 own Son Jesus Christ was to be offered as a propitiatory sacrifice for our sins, it was in the arrangement of the plan of salvation, that typical sacrifices should be offered to the Lord from year to year until the fulness of the time should come, that the expectations of the people of God's covenant might be kept alive, and extended from year to year to the great propitiatory sacrifice which was uniformly shadowed forth by those typical sacrifices which were enjoined by the law of Moses ; consequently, Abraham was direct- ed of God to take Isaac his son, the child of promise, in whom his seed was to be called, and to offer him on a mountain which the Lord his God would shew him: and here it is to be remarked, as the plan of salvation is the subject of inquiry, thkt counsel and design are con- spicuously displayed in all the transactions connected with this wonderful command of God to Abraham with regard to Isaac his only son — he had received by promise in his old age this only son; and now he is commanded to go and offer him where the Lord would direct him— he had the promise that in Isaac his seed should be called ; and now he is commanded to offer him in sacrifice to Go<^, without any seed according to the promise; and although m ordinary transactions, human, reason would bee inadequate for decision between these two seem-i t PLAN OP SALVATION. 175 ingly contradictory cases ; yet, as the whole plan is of God, Abraham's faith was so strengthened that he staggered not at the promise of God ; but " By faith Abraham when he was tried, offered up Isaac; and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son, of whom it was said. That in Isaac shall thy seed be called ; accounting that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from whence he received him in a figure." Heb. xi. 17, 18, 19. However much Abraham's faith was tried in this wonderful transaction, yet as the hand of God was in the whole purpose and design, "Abraham was made to believe in hope against hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken. So shall thy seed be. And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither the deadness of Sarah's womb : he staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; and being fully persuaded that what he had promised he was able also to perform; and therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness." — Rom. iv. 18, &c. That being necessary in the plan of salvation, as a typical transaction, Abraham was made instru- mental in these things that in the typical offering of his only begotten son, might be shadowed forth the only begotten of the Father as the propitiatory sacrifice for our sins ; but what proves the typical analogy is the place appointed for the building of the altar, even Mount Moriah, where the temple afterwards was built, wherein lit! , Mi 176 PLAN OF SALVATION. the sacrifices of the covenanted people of God were oflfercd from year to year. Abraham was not left to choose the place for himself, but was directed of God to that special mount of God's own choosing, which clearly proves a special providence and predilection, not only with regard to the sacrifice, but also with regard to the place of divine appointment and choice, in order to exhibit by special uniformity and orderly connec- tion of all special circumstances the original counsel and de^gn of the glorious Godhead : and also, when the full development should be made, that the sons of men might be able to view the plan of salvation from first manifiestations through a well connected chain of typical persons and typical events to the manifested Messiah. Another circumstance in those transactions is highly illustrative of these views of the plan of salvation, which we have been considering from typical persons and typical transactions, that a substitution was made. When the venerable Patriarch Abraham had erected the alter of sacri- fice and arranged the wood on the altar; bound his son and laid him on the altar ; and extended his hand with the knife to immolate his only son, " The angel of the Lord called unto him out of heaven, and said, Abraham, Abraham : and he said. Here am I : And he said. Lay not thine hand on the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him, for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me. And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and beheld a ram behind him caught in a thicket by his horns ; and Abraham went and PLAN OF SALVATION. 177 took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son." Isaac was thus offered in the substituted ram ; and so was Christ the Son of God thus offered in the typical sacri- fice ; and continued to be so offered typically during the whole course of the ceremonial law dispensation, until he was manifested in the flesh — was pointed out by John the Baptist, when he said, " Behold the Lamb of God who taketh away the sin of the world ; " and until he was offered up a propitiatory sacrifice for our sins ; which gracious circumstance closed the typical dispensation. •■.> ■» lii' \\iir jv- i rUJ '.,KH«. IN' ^M 178 PLAN OF SALVATION. THE ABRAHAMIQ COVENANT. , In considoring the coveuiiat of God with Abra- ham, ronowcd to Isaac and Jacob, we have to follow the leadings of the inspired language of the Bible, for obtaining correct knowledge of its nature and character. It was not confined to himself and a few of its immediate descendants ; but was extended in his seed for an everlasting covenant; so that every succeeding generation Jiad promises of special blessings according to the tenor thereof; but as the covenant was of a typical nature, proraising terrestrial possessions, it could not, in that typical sense, be extended beyond the limits of the typical dispensation to which it was originally attached. In the advan- cing progress of development, the Mosaic dispen- sation, with the whole of its ritual and typical usages, had to be laid aside to give place to the gospel dispensation — a dispensation of clearer light and more substantial reality. We must therefore carry along with us from one dispensation to another the promises of the covenant ; because on those sure promises our hope of fulfilment must rest. But as the covenant is twofold in its nature and character, our application of its con- tents must be twofold also, "for Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that belie veth," so that during the gospel dispen- sation we are not under the law, but under gmce. Therefore we have to carry the covenant along with us, in our transition from one dispensation to another, and view it according to the character PLAN or SALVATION. 179 and nature respectively of each dispensation. Abrnham saw the day of the Lord afar off, and was ^lad ; because, as his seed, Christ was i)rom- ised in the covenant which God made with him. " Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, and to seeds, as of many ; but as of one, and to tliy seed, which is Christ." — Gal. iii. 16. In this therefore wo see the two- fold nature of the covenant, the promises first held out to Abraham and his seed which is Christ, and afterwards to Abraham and his lineal descend- ants in perpetuity during the permanency of the Mosaic dispensation ; but after the close of the typical dispensation, to Abraham and his spiritual seed in Christ. "For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly ; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh ; but he is a Jew, which IF. one inwardly ; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the Spirit, and not in the letter ; whose praise is not of men, but of God.'* — 7^Jm. ii. 28, 29. Circumcision is the sign and neal of the covenant in its twofold form and character. The one made with hands in the flesh, and the other made without hands in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ — ^the one outward in the flesh ; and the other inward of the heart, of the spirit, and not in the letter. In this then we see the transition from one dispensation to another: "In that he saith, a new covenant, he hath made the flrst old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old, is ready to vanish away." — Heb. viii. 13. For " Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that belie veth." We have now a view |i 18(\ PLAN OP SALVATION. of two dispensations greatly differing in nature and character, called Mosaic dispensation and Gospel dispensation — ^the one the ministration of death and condemnation — and the other the min- istration of the Spirit and of righteousness. The first was the ministration of death, because death was ministered to every victim for sacrifice which was yearly offered for the sins of the people, according to the Mosaic law; and because the high priest of the Jews entered in once every year, not without blood, which he sprinkled for himself and for the sins of the people, thus making remembrance of sins every year; but when Christ died for our sins he abolished death and brought fe and immortality to light by the gospel — made an end of iniquity and sin, and brought in everlasting righteousness ; so that God says, their sins and their iniquities will I remem- ber no more for ever. Thus then Christ hath by one offering perfected for ever them who are sanctified. When Christ was about to suffer, he declared that his kingdom was not henceforth of this world, and by drawing an inference from the word, henceforth, we understand him as intimating that his kingdom was until then of this world-..wo also understand him as meaning the Mosaic dis- pensation kingdom, as his kingdom that was of this world; and the kingdom that is not of this world to signify the gospel dispensation kingdom — ^the spiritual kingdom of grace. He ruled and reigned during the continuance of the Mosaic dis- pensation by laws and ordinances of divine framing and institution, by the ministiy of F Jests and PLAN OF SALVATION. 181 Levites, and such other officers, judges, and kings as the exigencies of the kingdom did require ac- cording to the requisitions of the Mosaic law, which was given by the ministration of angels in the hand of a Mediator ; but that kingdom with its typical ritual and Mosaic observances was drawing to a close — it was decayed and waxen old, and was ready to vanish away, to make room for a better and everlasting kingdom which shall not fade or decay, or vanish away for ever. The glory of the first was passing away, that the glory of the second might be made to appear. " But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not steadfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance, which glory was to be done away ; how shall not the ministration of the Spirit be rather glorious." — 2 Cor. iii. 7, 8. Now the character of his kingdom that is established by the ministration of the Spirit and of righteousness is invisible, and spiritual. Know ye not that the kingdom of heaven is within you ? It is therefore an invisible, spiritual kingdom. The Mosaic dispensation kingdom stood only in meats and in drinks, and divers washings, and carnal ordinances imposed on them until the time of reformation ; but " the kingdom of God is not meat and drink ; but right- eousness, and peace, a-nd joy in the Holy Ghost." The difference between the Mosaic kingdom and the gospel kingdom is very great : the one consist- ing in meats iand drinks, and divert washings, and carnal ordinances. The first tabernacle also was but a figure for the time then present, in 182 PLAN OF SALVATION. whibh were offered gifts arid sacrifices, which could not make him that did the service per- fect as pertaining to the conscience, being merely a figure for the time then present; but all these things decayed and waxed old, and vanished away, old things are passed away, and all things are become new. ''For if the ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory, for even that which was made glorious, [i. c. Mosaic kingdom with its institutions, law, and carnal ordinances,] had no glory in this respect, by reason of that which excelleth, for if that which is done away was glorious, much more that which remaineth is glorious." — 2 Cor. iii. 9, 10, 11. When Jesus Christ died for our sins', he made an end of iniquity, transgression and sin, and brought in everlasting righteousness — closed his kingdom 01 the Mosaic dispensation, which was of this world, and on the day of Pentecost, after he ascended up on high, and was glorified, intro- duced his kingdom of the gospel dispensation, which sfi not of this world, and is not like the former ill character, for, "the kingdom of God is not meat and drink, but idghteonsness, and peace, and joyiin the Holy Ghosl^.'^ *f And he said unto them. These are the things which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written; in the law of Moses, and In the prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning me." We require therefore to make ourselves well acquainted with the scriptures of the old Testament, that we may know ^11 the things that were fulfilled by him when he said on FLA* OF''SAtyATl6*7 m the cross, ha^idi his heiad attd giving up the ghost : "It id finished," befire we can know tiiose tbing^ which decayed, waxed old, and vanished- away, lest we should still obstinately and ifyb^lUlisiy cling to things that do not belong to the »fepHpM' Wngdom, as do the Jews per- tinacibus^^ until this day ; and be found going about to 'establish our own righteousness, not submittikgUd tb* righteousness of God, which is a glditioiftt, «6istinctive characteristic of Christ's gospefhkijkg^om which is not of this world. When-^ closed or ended the Mosaic dispensa- tion I'kfSbgddbk, he opened vp\ the glorious disp^A^n of 4ihe gospel Mtfgdom, by the pouiSna^ oul^'of the H©ly Gifeist, on the day of Penlecofit, ^^len a gloilousflobd ^of light poured in upon ib^iii) by wWch theii* 'tinderstandings were ehlighlei^jpl to tinderstand the scriptures which ai*e abl^tb'^niak^^ one wise unto salvation which is in^ Jisus (Bfeifet. Thfey now found out that the Smkk of Ei^hteousness was riseif with healing in ^is ^ngs, ailti they spake with tongues the marvel lbu& \vork» d^ God — they found that they had now entered', into a -neW kingdom— a kingdom of spiritual srealltie^^and now they experienced a sud^etlf I may • say, an instan- taneous transition^ (Ait of one^ dtl^ensatlon into another — from th^* typical heA^ Abraham, and from the typical naCffre and ^'character of the covenant as appalled Hb the ' nffiwil seed, to the real head — ^'^ who is* the heal''(^er all things to the church, which is his body, the fulness of him who fiUeth all in all" according to the prdiHise of God in the covenant with Abraham. ■J 184 PLAN OF SALVATION. "Now to Abraham and to his seed were the promises made, He saith not, and to seeds, as of many, but as of one ; and to thy seed, which is Christ." — Gal. iii. 16. And therefore all true believers, receive Jesus Christ as the alone covenant head, and enter joyfully with him into his gospel kingdom and spiritual reign. They can now look back on all typical covenants, and legal institutions, and rites and ceremonies as things that were ; for they find to their joy and happiness that they are no longer under the law, but under grace— old things are passed away, and all things are become new. They find him now sitting on his father David's throne and king- dom as the King of Zion, King of saints. *' Yet have I set my king on my holy hill Zion." This was done in the covenant of grace, in the counsel of the Trinity from all eternity, as now still in prophetic language, until the fulness of the time should come ; for, says he, "I will declare the decree : the Lord hath said unto me, Thou art my son; this day I have begotten thee." — Psa. ii. 6, 7» This is now the true David, the man according to God's* own heart — the former David was a type and personification of Christ, and in his typical character altogether characteristic of the true David, so that when God said, " I have found David, a man according to mine own heart," he alluded in reality to his own Son Jesus Christ. This is the David promised in all the prophecies throughout, for the for- mer David served his day and generation and fell asleep, and as a figure passed away, and therefore could not reign in Zion any longer, Ill PLAN OF SALVATION. 185 but the true David whom he represented abideth ever. " For it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord of hosts, that I will break his yoke from off thy neck ; and will burst thy bonds, and strangers shall serve themselves no more of him : but they shall serve the Lord their God, and«David their king, whom I shall raise up unto them." — Jerem. xxx. 8.9. The allusion in that passage must surely be applied to Jesus Christ, the man according to God's own heart, and not to the typical David : and to the condition of his gospel kingdom and reign, and to the char- acter of his people after enduring the great afflictions of the operations by which all that enter into his spiritual kingdom are qualified to reign with him a thousand years. Those afflictions are described in the 5, 6, and 7, verses of the same chapter; and surely any "Enquirer'' would have some superior ingenuity who would under- take to explain those as literally applicable to the David that was king of Israel before Jeremiah's prdphecy, without the spiritual meaning of those passages. The spiritual meaning is contained always in the language of inspiration, and it is with the spiritual meaning we have to do, since Christ's kingdom which was of this world was closed; and his spiritual kingdom of grace, which is not of this world was opened up on the day of Pentecost. But those who have not entered into it have no conception of its nature and heavenly character. "Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be bom again, he cannot see the kingdom of God," John iii. 3. For "the kingdom of God 14 lit is not meat and drink, but 186 PLAN OF SALTATION. righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost." "The kingdom of heaven cometh not with observation." "Know ye not that the king- dom of heaven is within you." But although it is with the spiritual meaning of the word of God we have to do in gospel times, yet the word in its literal sense is needed to help us to the knowledge of the spiritual. The scriptures of the old and new Testaments are so closely connected one with another, that they must both be consulted for corroborative evidence in all cases. What was typified, and prophesied of in the one is found verified in the other as far as fulfilment has taken place, and that corroboration of evidence which is clearly ascertained, enlivens our hopes with regard to the fulfilment of all the rest. We thus understand the scriptures of the old and new Testaments to be the two great witnesses which stand by the God of the whole earth. In the holy scriptures, from their very com- mencement and to their close, we have revelations of the will and purposes of God, upon which, when understood, we may safely depend for certain fulfilment, as instanced in the' exact fulfilment, by Jesus Christ, of all the things which were written concerning him, in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms. For God is righteous in all his ways, and wisQ.in all his counsels, and unchangeable in all his pur- poses and decrees ; and he wants not the power for execution of the counsels of his will, for he is the. Almighty God, and he changeth not. And therefore we are to believe that all things must % PLAN OF SALVATION. 187 ;o have beo unalterably fixed in his all-comprehen- sive mind from all eternity, so as not to be canned away with unworthy ideas and views of the unchangeable attributes of the eternal Jehovah ; and not to embrace the too common sceptical notions of things depending on circumstances, incidentalities, and casuistries : no doubt we must do justice to the doctrine of cause and effect, but the Great First Cause of all things must not be lost sight of in any part of our conclusions : there- fore in handling the word of God, God must be in all our thoughts, so that we may be able to ti'ace every thing that is good to him as the Great First Cause. " Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning." , The scriptures of truth give us a view of coven- ants which God was pleased to make with men ; but these covenants were to man as developments for the times which required them, for the honour and glory of God, and for the good of his creatures, until the time should come for a clear manifestation of the covenant of grace entered into in the counsel of the Trinity from all eter- nity. AH that is communicated to us in the holy scriptures are manifestations of his divine will. The Abrahamic covenant is part of the eternal arrangement of all things, and is merely a pre- cursor of the glorious revelation afterwards to be made of the eternal covenant in which the Son of God stood as the covenant head. The Abrahamic covenant was only an intermediate 188 PLAN OF SALYATIOir. step in the grand developments of God's revela- tions to mankind. The covenant of works, was made with Adam, while he was in the state of innocei^cy, as he came perfect, as regards his humanity, from the hands of his Maker, who made all things very good. Adam was placed as Lord over the lower creation ; he was, there- fore, in that character and capacity, a proper type, fbr the time being, of the Son of God, who is Lord over all blessed forever. Adam, not being the real covenant-head, but the typical, could not continue ever; therefore when he served the purpose of God, he and the covenant of works, made with him, as the then covenant head, had to disappear; because the second Adam, Jesus Christ, with whom the everlasting covenant of grace was made in the counsel of the Trinity from all eternity, was yet to come to assume the government, and all the responsibili- ties thereof. The first Adam was of the earth, earthy, and'liad to return to the dust out of which he was taken : but the second Adam is the Lord from heaven, and therefore abideth ever. " But this man, because he continue th ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood." — Heb. vii. -24. Adam and the covenant of works were laid aside to make room for another covenant-head and coven- ant of surer and better promises. The covenant of works, made with the first Adam, was con- ditional. Perfect obedience was required as the guarantee for the obtaining of the fulfilment of God's promises to Adam of life and abundance of good things; but death was threatened in con- sequence of disobedience. The covenant of grace PLAN OP SALVATION. 189 is also conditional, but not wHh us, but with the head, in the covenant, even Jesus Christ, the Son of God, and all the promises of God were delivered to him, with regard to the benefits of the covenant to his offspring, possession and eternal enjoyment of the never-ending inheritance to himself and to his innumerable seed were included in the terms of the covenant of grace. Perfect obedience was also required of the coven- ant-head, even the Son of God, without which the promises of the covenant could not be obtained. On these stipulated conditions therefore, depend- ed the eternal interest of all the seed. And we have the greatest cause of thankfulness that our eternal interests did not depend on covenants made with any, even the best of mere men; but God laid help on one who is mighty — one who could give perfect obedience in all things. The terms of the covenant of grace with the Son of God, are tferms which could not be proposed to any but to him alone. The terms are — lay down thy life, and take it again — ^you have these terms in the ever to be remembered language of Jesus Christ, in these words, "No man taketh my life from me, I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father." Thanks be to God and glory to Jesus Christ, these terms were fulfilled according to the require- ments of law and justice, as he, after taking his life again, alluded to in the last chapter of the gospel according to Luke : " And these are the words which I spake unto you while I was yet with you, (i. e. before he suffered,) that all things i^ m 190 PLAN OP SALVATION. must be fulfilled^ which were written in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning me." The covenant then was sealed by his blood, and " by one offering he hath per- fected for ever them which are sanctified." — Heb. X. 14. And because he continueth ever, he hath an finchangeable priesthood. ** Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost, that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them." — Heb. vii. 25. This cove- nant then being thus ratified and its conditions being fulfilled, all other covenants are null and void — and indeed it would argue an imperfection in the fulfilment of the stipulated terms of this covenant, if we should revert to any other cove- nant which was made before the fulfilment of the requisitions and terms of this covenant of grace. " For there is one God, and one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ tfesus." — 1 Tim. ii. 5. And now unconditional salvation is offered to all who shall believe in Jesus Christ ; for Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth." — ^Rom. x. 4. I say unconditional on our part, because the conditions were pro- posed, not to man, as formerly, but to the T«ord Jesus himself, who fulfilled to the very letter the terms of the covenant made with him. Where obedience was required of Adam, the event was a complete failure : and the same failure is found with regard to the covenant made with Abraham, in his offspring ; for they forsook the Lord their God, and worshipped the idols of the nations among whom they dwelt, so that although the Lord fulfilled his promise to Abraham, when he PLAN OF SALVATION. 191 made a covenant with him, and put tho offspring of Abraham in possession of tho land which he promised to him, and drove out the nations of that land before them, yet they forsook tho Lord and provoked him to wrath ; and therefore they forfeited every claim to that land, and wore left to the cruelty of the nations around them ; never- theless, God's covenant with Abraham, which he ratified with the awful solemnity of an oath, could not be altered. **And the angel of the Lord called unto Abraham out of heaven the second time, and said. By myself have I sworn, saith the Lord, for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son : that in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiply- ing I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is on the seashore ; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies ; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed ; because thou hast obeyed my voice." — Gen. xxii. 15, 16, 17, 18. Here, then, in the progress of revelation, another typical and very important character is exhibited, even Isaac, the child of promise, of whom the Lord said, " In Isaac shall thy seed be entiled.** — Gen. xxi. 12. Now bear always in mind the Apostle PauPs un- derstanding of the promise in Isaac : " Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, and to seeds, as of many ; but as of one, and to thy seed, wblch is Christ." — Gal. iii. 16. We are led now to the covenant in its second aspect and character; and therefore our transition must be agreeable to the tenor of the Abrahamic covenant in its two-fold meaning, and 192 PLAN OF SALVATION. understand it as applied to Abraham and his lineal descendants, in the very literal sense of the word of God. And the second application to Abraham and to his spiritual seed, that is Christ, in the spiritual sense of the word of God ; for there is an intimation in the word of a second call from heaven, after Abmham obeyed the voice of the Lord in offering np his son Isaac, in whom he had already the promise that in him his seed should be called. *' And the angel of the Lord called unto Abraham out of heaven the second time." It was after Abraham's obedience, and the angel's second call from heaven that the oath of God, in ratification of the covenant is declared. I am inclined to believe that an intimation of the everlasting covenant of grace, made in the counsel of the Trikiity from all eternity, with the Eternal Son of God, who, as the wisdom of God, was set up from everlasting, may be seen in the eighth chapter of Proverbs : *^The Lord possessed me in the beginning ot his way, before bis works of old. I was set up from everlasting, from the be- f inning, or over the earth was. * * * ♦ Then was by him, as one brought up with him : and I was daily his delight, rejoicing always before him ; rejoicing in the habitable part of his earth, and my delights were with the sons of men.'* — Prov. viii. 22, 23, 30, 31. The Apostle Paul applies this prophetic declaration to Jesus Christ, as personified by the woi-d wisdom, when he says : " but of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption." — 1 Cor. i. 30. Christ therefore is shadowed forth in various wa^ rec^ on thai of wei PLAN or SALVATION. 193 IS 10 'f )r d ways, by many types and sacrifices, which have received their fulfilment in him when ho said on the cross, ^^ It is finished : " for ** all things that were written concerning him in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms, were fulfilled." And now the covenant of grace is revealed and manifested, when he who was "set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was," hath appeared, and abolished death, and brought life and immortality to light by the gospel, and hath established his kingdom of grace, which is not of the world, under the gospel dispensation. The promises made to Abraham by the oath of God, that in blessing he should bless him, and in multiplying he should multiply his seed as the stars of the heaven ; and as the sand which is upon the seashore; and that his seed should possess the gate of his enemies ; and that in his seed all the nations of the earth should be blessed ; because he had obeyed the voice of the Lord, in offering his son, his only son Isaac. We must not apply restrictively the tenor of this covenant to the patriarch Abraham and to his seed accord- ing to the flesh ; but must assuredly transfer it from the typical head and his natural seed to the real as his seed, and to the ten thousand times ten thousand, and the thousands of thousands, who said with a loud voice, "Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing." — Rev. v. 12. The ratification of this covenant is too solemn and heavenly to be considered as confirmed to any but unto the 194 PLAN OP SALVATION. real seed, who took not on him the nature of angels, but took the seed of Abraham, as is clearly declared of him. "Thou madest him a little lower than the angels ; thou crownedst him with glory and honour ; and didst set him over the works of thy hands. Thou hast put all things in subjection under his feet. For in that he put all in subjection under him, he left nothing that is not put under him. But now we see not yet all things put under him. But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honour ; that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man." — Keb. ii. 7, 8, 9. We are by the views contained in scripture constrained to make the transference from the natural seed to the heavenly — from the first Adam who was of the earth, earthy, to the second Adam, who is the Lord from heaven — and from Abraham and Isaac who were typical of him who was to come; to him who was typified by them; and when supported by scripture to make that transference, we are also led to Christ's kingdom ,of God which is not meat and drink, but righteousness and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost — the kingdom of grace, which is not of this world — the spiritual kingdom of Jesus Christ, of the gospel dispensa- tion ; and look foi the fulfilment of all the great and precious promises which were givf^n under the oath of God to Abraham, now in the spiritual sense of the word, as suitable to the spiritual kingdom of Jesus Christ, which is not of this world ; for the many great and precious promises of God are in Christ Jesus yea and amen; for PLAN OF SALVATION. 195 in their literal sense all those promises as given to Abraham were completely fulfilled according to the veracity of the word of God, as Joshua towards the close of his life testified to all Israel, to their elders, to their heads, to their judges, and to their oflicers whom he assembled together for that purpose. "And, behold, this day I am going the way of all the earth, and ye know in all your hearts and in all your souls, that not one thing hath failed of all the good thmgs which the Lord your God spake concerning you ; all are come to pass unto you, and not one thing hath failed thereof." — Josh, xxiii. 14. Thus then God respected the veracity of his oath, under which Ke made those promises to the patriarchal head of all those, who are thus solemnly appealed to by him who was their leader until all was fulfilled : and as no one protested against that solemn appeal by Joshua, we are bound to believe that the assent was universal. But I have signified that those promises were » two-fold in their nature — ^that we must consider them both in their literal and in their spiritual meaning. The first applied to the natural seed and the kingdom which was of this world ; and all the Mosaic usages, which faded, waxed old, and vanished away ; and the second to the Lord from heaven, who took on him the seed of Abraham, and was by the oath of God made a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. "Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus ; who was faithful to him that appointed him, as also Moses i I!! il 196 PLAN OF SALVATION. was faithful in all his house. For this man was counted worthy of more glory than Moses, inas- much as he who hath builded the house hath more honour than the house. For every house is builded by some man ; but he that built all things is God. And Moses verily was faithful in all his house, as a servant, for a testimony of those things which were to be spoken after ; but Christ as a son over his own house ; whose house are we, if we hold ftist the confidence and the rejoicing of the hope firm unto the end." — Heb. iii. 1, &c. The transference here from Moses, the servant, to Christ himself, the Son and heiri^ is perfectly clear; and therefore all things must be considered as having undergone a great and manifest change ; but in such a way as to keep up a consistency between the legal dis- pensation, and the gospel dispensation, so as to behold the fulfilment of all those things that were written concerning him in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms. There was a remedy provided for fallen, sinful man in the covenant of redemption from all eternity, and the delights of him, who was set up from ever- lasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was, was from of old with the" children of men, in the habitable parts of the earth ; and therefore every thing was intended to shadow forth the glories of Emmanuel's kingdom and reign ; and therefore had all to be laid aside to give place to what they typified and represented. The Abrahamic covenant had circumcision as the sign and seal appended to it, and the discon- tinuance of the sign and seal, in the form in which it was] proof Christ closedl death | were blood I sins ; them and 8< be cl natur be su minis blood isteri cover and iniqu ever! of sa fore . a ne satic Spit thin liari gosi thia I eml she 0Ul the no PLAN or SALVATION. 197 it was appointed to be observed, may be suflScient proof of the change in all other respects. When Christ's kingdom which was of this world was closed by his death, and the shedding of his blood, death was abolished, and life and immortality were brought to light by the gospel, no more blood was to be shed for the remission of our for by one offering, he perfected for ever sms sign them who are sanctified; therefore the and seal of the covenant had, now of necessity to be changed, and sign and seal suitable to the nature of the new Testament in his blood, had to be substituted. The Mosaic dispensation was the ministration of death and condemnation, and blood consequently had to be shed even in admin- istering the sign and seal of the Abrahamic covenant; but when Christ died for our sins and shed his own blood, he made an end of iniquity, transgression and sin, and brought in everlasting righteousness ; and became the Author of salvation to every one that believeth : and there- fore the shedding of blood was discontinned, and a new dispensation was commenced — the dispen- sation of the gospel — the ministration of the Spirit and of righteousness, and of necessity all things had to be instituted and appointed to liarmoni2;e with the spirit and character of his gospel kingdom — the kingdom which is not of this world : and water which is a scriptural emblem of the Spirit, was substituted for the shedding of blood in the administration of the outward sign and seal of the covenant; although the covenant be now the covenant of grace, and not the covenant of circumcision, as was the I 198 ELAN OP SALVATION. covenant with Abraham: and although the real sign and seal, harmonizing with the n^ure of the spiritual kingdom of Christ, be by the Spirit in the heart, and not in the letter, yet as water is an emblem of the Spirit, the outward sign and seal is to be administered by the application of that emblem, because " Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made to the fathers ; and that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy ; as it is written, *'For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles. And again he saith , Rejoice, ye Gentiles with his people." — Rom. xv. 8, 9, 10. Infant baptism now assumes the place of infant circumcision, as a representative sign and seal, that the Abrahamic covenant may still be viewed in its interminable permanency during the gospel dispensation as it was during the Mosaic dispen- sation to its close ; but the Abrahamic sign and seal was by the shedding of blood, until Jesus shed his own blood which was merely prefigured by all the blood,, both in circumcision and sacrifices, which was shed since the first victim was immolated ; for he is the Lamb of God slain from the foundation of the world, that is, typically slain, as represented always in all the sacrifices which were offered according to the divine direc- tion; but I showed above that the gospel dispensation is the ministration of the Spirit and of righteousness; and not the ministration of death and condemnation, as was the Mosaic dis- pensation, until Christ abolished the death of all victims by his own death, and made an end of iniquity, transgression and sin, and brought in FLAN OF SALVATION. 199 eyerlasting rightooiisness. The gospel dispensa- tion being of a spiritual character, as the kingdom of Jesus Christ which is not of this world — the ministration of the Spirit and of righteousness ; by which the nature of the dispensation is chang- ed ; and tuerefore the mode of the administration of sign and seal, of necessity, had, in conformity to the spiritual change, to be changed; and as water is a scriptural emblem of the Spirit, pouring of water had to be substituted in place of the shedding of blood in circumcision, which was the mode of applying the sign and seal of the Abrahamic covenant during the Mosaic dispensa- tioD, 80 as to keep «p a perfect harmony between the two dispensations ; and that the covenant might still be viewed in permanent existence, under a more enlightened, P.nd gracious, and spiritual dispensation — the kingdom of Christ which is not of this world ; for " the kingdom of God is not meat and drink, but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost." We have now entered on a new dynasty, with the true Covenant Head, and therefore must forsake all typical persons and circumstances — " forgetting the things that are behind and reaching to those that are before, and press- ing towards the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus." All those eminent persons under the old Testament, were merely types of him, and served their day and generation and passed away; but he abideth ever. Although the covenant was made with Abraham, yet the promises of the covenant were extended to Jesus Christ, who HI! ^ i'\d 200 FLAN OF SALVATION. took the seed of Abraham, "Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, and to seeds, as of many ; but as of one, and to thy seed, which is Christ." — Gal. iii. 16. This leads us from the lineal descendants of the Patriarch to him to whom the promises were made in the Abrahamic covenant, and who was prominently pointed out by Isaac the child of promise, when he says, " In Isaac shall thy seed be called" — the very name Isaac, which by in- terpretation signifies laughter ; and so when the Holy Child Jesus was born, the angel announced his birth by language which seems to harmonize with this most significant typical person whose name was Isaac, laughter, for the Angel said, " Fear not, for I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people, for unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord." — ^Luke ii. 10, 11. Glad tidings of great joy, agreeing perfectly with the name Isaac, laughter, but more clearly expressed as suitable to the gospel dispensation, in which the things that are darkly expressed under the veil of types and prophecies, are more clearly revealed-^the dispensation of the Spirit and of glad tidings of great joy. We are now therefore directed to Jesus Christ alone, in whom are fulfilled all types and sacrifices and prophecies. "Look unto me, aud be ye saved, all e^ds of. the earth ; for I am God, and there is none else." I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth, in righteousness, and shall not return, that unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear." — Isa. xLy, 22, 23. We do not reqi proi on PLAN OF SALVATION. 201 require, therefore to retrograde, and depend on promises made to t!ie Patriarch in the patriarchal, typical character ; but look to the Lord himself on whom now the whole responsibility of fulfil- ment depends ; for Christ himself hath appeared in the character of minister of circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made to the fathers ; and that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy. The views are now expand- ed and greatly enlarged, and what was a peculiar privilege vouchsafed to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, according to the literal tenor of the covenant, is now extended in its gospel character to all the spiritual seed. " But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe. But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed. Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith. But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster. For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female ; for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.*' — Gal. iii. 22, &c. The subject has now divested itself of its typical character, and has assumed its real spiritual, gospel character, which was shut up long under the veil of types and prophecies, although that 15 . 202 FLAN OF SALTATION. was the real object of every thing that was contained in those types, and prophecies, and which were shadowed as a liffht in a dark place, until the Son and heir, to whom the inheritance belonged, should come, and claim his lawful rights and assume his own prerogative as the mmister of circumcision, for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made to the fathers. The promises made to the fathers required confirma- tion, and no other was qualified, or installed 'into office by the oath of God, but him alone ; there- fore, he says, ^Look unto me and be ye saved, for I am God, and there is none else : " we must then look to him for the confirmation of the promises of God, in his own way, as revealed to us in the New Testament. And it is proper, and necessary to understand the nature and character of his kingdom which is not of this world; but is a dispensation of the ministra- tion of the Spirit, and of righteousness; and the view that is held out to us of the manner in which he ministers the sign and seal of the coven- ant, circumcision, during the gospel dispensation, may have some influence on the mind, to lead us to the character of his kingdom, and the way in which He shall confirm the promises made to the fathers. **For in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily, and ye are complete in him, who is the head of all principality and power ; in whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in the putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circum- cision of Christ ; buried with him in baptism, wherein ye are risen with him through the faith PLAN OF SALVATION. 203 of the operatfon of God, who hath raised him from the dead." — Col. ii. 9, &o. The character of the two dispensations may be seen as clearly estab- lished by the modes of the administration of the siffn and seal of the selfsame covenant — the first mmistered by the hands of men ; but the second and true mode of administration, **made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ." " For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof. For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did, by the which we draw nigh unto God." — Heb. vii. 18, &o. We do not therefore require to place any trust in the promises of the Abrahamic co^ienant, but as they are held out to us in the promises of the gospel, to be truly confirmed to us by Jesus Christ, who was typified by Abraham. APPENDIX. Of the following letters written by Mr. McDonald, ttie first sufficiently explains itself. Tiie others were written in answer to letters sent him by Mr. John McKlnnon, Elder, Canoe Cove, and Mr. William QilleHpie, Elder, Carleton Point, during the last revival. The Minister was, at the time, recovering from a severe illness at Orwell : — To the Editors of the Halifax Guardian, Gentlemen :— In the course of reading the accounts j^ven in your religious paragraphs of the progress and success of the Reverend Deputation of the Established Church of Scotland, to these' Colonies, I observed a paragraph in which mj name is honored with a place. As the circumstances which are therein related, are not correctly stated, permit me to request of you the favour to insert in your paper the follow- ing account substantiated by my own proper Signature. When I heard of the arrival of the Reverend Deputation, with the concurrence of one of my congregations in the locality where 1 was then present with them, I gave delega- ted power to two or three Elders to wait on the Reverend Gentlemen, who composed the deputation, and to exj^ress our willingness to accommodate them ^th the meeting house at DeSable, should they be inclined to preach in it. The Reverend Norman MacLeod did preach in it next day to as fliU a congregation as could be collected in the time allowed to circulate notice. After preaching I had a lengthened private conference with the Reverend Gentleman, who treated me with much affability and kindness. To- wards the close of our conference he showed much concern with regard to the condition in which 1 might leave the people who are now under my ministry. His words were nearly as follows : — "You are now advanced in years, have you seriously considered, in the event of your being called from them, the condition in which three thousand people would be left ? '* To which I replied, that it often gave me much concern. He then said, "It is matter of much concern." y 206 APPENDIX. My remarks thon were, that he had preached to us this day— that he now knew that we were hero, and that I laid that upon him to consider,— and If he Hhould hear of my behii? called away from them, he should look after them. He latterly signified kindly, if I wished to correspond oiflcially with Ihe Church in Scotland to write to hlra, for wldch aot of kindness, I expressed my oblij^ation to him. My meetiuif the deputation, on their arrival in Char- lottetown, and my not partinii: with them while the Reverend Mr. McOillivray, was on ttie Island, are both Incorrect statements. My voluntarily and cheerfiilly placing all my disciples, as It is Ironically expressed, comprising ten congregations and ten places of worship Into the hands of the deputation, to be supplied with Ministers fi'om the Establishment, I was not under the necessity to do, being myself under the ordination of the Church of Scotland these thirty years : acting in virtue of hor license and ordlnatioii now twenty one years In these Colonies—and besides having ordained above one hundred Elders Into the faith and doctrine of the Church of Scotland— and also having administered the holy ordinance of Baptism to thousands of her children. One of my last expressions, during our conference, was, send us proper Ministers, and if they will receive me I vvlll receive them. There was no decisive arrangement between m*; and the Reverend Deputation. But the kind treatment which I received from the Reverend Norman McLeod, I cannot allow to pass in silence without expressing my thankfulness. I am, Gentlemen, With due respect, DONALD Mcdonald, Minister Church of Scotland. Orwell Head, P. E. Island, > I('«.h August, 1845. ILetter to -tfr. McKinnon.'] Bbaidh Orwell, 29 do Mhai, '61. M' eildelr gaolach, *sa shluagh mo ghraidh, tha mi toirt buidheachas do Dhla 's do Chnosd air son a chothrom so a tha agam, beagan bhrlathran alseag thugamh air an dolgh 80 fein, le durachd, ma *se sin toll Dhla, Mir faiclnn aghaidh li h-aghaidh an uine gun bhi ro fhada, anu bhur coimh- thionfm 'nur tir fein. « g; f I APPENDIX. 207 Fhuafr ml learadh crtiaidh, ach cha robh ml air mo threi- 5eadh; bha lamn an Tixhearna laUllr *gnm chiimall Riias. Iiug bhur litir moran co-f hurtachd dliomh, ai^ a cliiMirt am a\g an d'f huair ml na h-airiHoan pHHeil a chuir nlbh do^ m* ionnsuidh. Co f hada '8a riil^eadh beachd dnlno bha mi dluth do dhoras bnifi ; ach ctiunnatg DIa iomchaidh m' f ha- gail tamull beag fhadliasd. Tlia fliios al^ nn Ti>?luMirn Sum bhell foum agalbhHO utle air Fcar-rta^hlaldii atrflOQ (iumli-oireachd do cliulslbh Ea^lais 'sa Uioghnclid fcin, aj]^u8 tlia dochan a^am ^ur ann cbtim na cricho h\u fuin a tiia mo Initlicun air an sineadh ann an tir nam buo. 'S co> dhuibhHti a>rn8 dlioinhsa araon n bhi taisbeanadli taln^eal- aclid dlia air a slion so, le bhi dileas trelblidliireacli na sheirbliciH. Bha fliios agam nine f hada mu 'n d'fhag mi na criochan sin, gun robh docliann trom '8an taobh a stigh dhiom, gidheadh cha b' urrainn ml cnmail onn fein, '8 mi fuiciim moran do anama iuactnnhor gan spionadli mar atliaintean as an losgadli — 'gan toirt a daorsa na trnaillidiicuclid olium saorsa ^nlormhor chloinne Dliia. Tha an Tighearn a thug f\iasgladh dhomh a teinn a nise ga m' thoirt air m' agtiaidh chum tomhas slainte cliorporra. Blia mi 'san Eaglais an da Shabuid mu dhcireadh, agus fhuair mi comas tomhas seirbheis a diieanamh, agus tha mi, le toil an Tighearna, an durachd gluasad a mach air turas mar bu glmath learn — bha mhiann orm feuchainn ri m' thuras a ghabhail do 'n aird-an- iar ; ach bhreithnich mi gur e buan-achadh 's na criachaibh so a b' iomchuidh gus a' faicinn da roar thiginn air m' aghaidh ann ah neart slainte— agus a thuilleadh air sin cha bhiodh nine agam air na co-thionail air an taobh so do 'n- amhainn f haicinn roimh am a cho-chomuinn ma 's e sin to^ an Tighearna an cothrom luachmhor a dheonachadh dhuinn an deigh na nochd e da chumhachd ro mhor, chum 's gun nochd sinne taingealachd ar cridheachan dha le cuimhneach- an bais agus ililangais an Tighearu losa a chumail suas aig a bhord lein. Is aithne dha fein durachd ar cridheachan mun chuis sin, agus is aithne dha^a thoil fein agus a run suidhichte thaobh gach cuise, agus is e ar dleasannas bhi fagail nan cuisean mie aig a thoilbheannuichte fein ; 'sa bhi cuTr ar'n-earbsa ghnath fuidh sg^ile a sge. Feudaidh am beagan bhriathran so bhi ahr an leughadh dha 'n t-sluagh uile na'r co-thional. Sgriobh mi iad ^sa chanain giiailig chum comhf hurtachd nan uile, do bhri gun bheil fnios agam gum bheil moran dhibh nach tuigeadh iad ann, sa ch'anan bheurla. Chan-eil mi cuir riaghailt air bith roimhibh, ach ga'r n* I I I' I » mmm 208 APPENDIX. earbsa ri gras Dhia 's ri teagasg an Spioraid Naomha tha maile ribh, agiis annaibh. Gun gleidheadh Dia a Shluagh uile fuidh dhion a f hreas- dail, agus fuidh riaghlachadh a Spioraid Naomha fein. Slan leibh— le Ifumh ur Ministeir agus Teachdaire losa Oiiosda. DONULL MACDHONTJILL. IThe following is a Translation of tjie above.'] Orwell Head, May, 29th, 1861. My Dear Elder, and beloved people,— I give thanlcs to God and to Christ for the present opportunitjr of addressing Sou in a few words, even in this moae, earnestly desiring, ' it*be God's will to see you shortly face to face in your own congregations and your own land. I was brought very low but not forsaken, the mighty hand of the Lord sustained me. The precious news contained in the letter you sent me gave me much comfort at the time. As far as man could judge I was near death's door, but it pleased God to prolong my days yet a little while. The Lord Icnows that ye all need a Leader in many matters relating to his Church and Kingdom, and I hope it is for that same end that my days are prolonged in the land of the living. Both ye and I ought to show our ^atitude to him by our being faithful and upright in his service. I was aware long before I left your part of the country that my health was failing, yet I could not remain idle when I be- held so many precious souls being plucked as brands from the burning— delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. The Lord who relieved me when I was in distress now gives me a degree of bodily health. I was in Church on the last two Babbaths ana was in a measure enabled to go on in the service and am anxious, God willing, to be up and doing as usual. I was anxious to begin my westward journey, but I iudged it would be more prudent for me to prolong my stay here till I would find how my health would improve — moreover, I would have no time to visit the congregations on this side of the ferry before the Communion — if it is the Lord's will to grant us that precious opportunity after manifesting so much of his great power, that we may express before him the ^auldiuuess of our hearts by com- APPENDIX. 209 memoratin^ the sufferings and death of the Lord Jesus at his own Table. He Himself knoweth the desire of our hearts respecting that matter, and He knoweth liis own will and purpose with regard to every thing, and it is our duty to leave all matters to the disposal of his own blessed will, and put our trust continually under the shadow of his wings. These few words may be read to all the people in their congregations. I wrote them in the Gaelic language for the comfort of all, for I know that there are many of you that would not understand them if written in English. I prescribe no rule for you, but commend you to the grace of God and the teaching of the Holy Ghost, who is with you and in you. May God keep all his people under the protection of his providence and the guidance of his own Holy Spirit. Fare well. By the hand of your Minister and Messenger of Jesus Christ DONALD MCDONALD. [Letter to Mr. Qillespie.'\ Orwell Head, Dearly Beloved Elder :- 27th May, 1861. When I received your highly favoured letter I could not sit so comfortably at the table to reply as I do now, although I had cause of thankfulness that in composure of mind I could embrace the favourable opportunity by Finlay Mo- Fadyen, to send verbal communication which I trust he faithfully delivered. You did well to write, and to mention many particular cases which conveyed much comfort to my anxious mind, when in a greatly debilitated state of body, and-' among other things that the children I baptized, were the highly favoured of the Lord especially. I knew that was to be manifested, although I could not say that it would be in my own day, and that my eyes would see the salvation of the Lord extended to the dear children I received into the visible Church of Christ, by the baptism of water, by the warrant of the Word of God, and by the clear authority of Jesus Chilst, who commissioned me to disciple them by baptism in the name of the Father, and of the Sou, and of the Holy Ghost. mmm 210 APPENDIX. Their reception into the visible Church, authoritatively seemed to fore-shadow their real reception spiritually into the invisible Church, which is written in heaven, as now fulfilled. We must be very careftil in our application of these views of the baptism, by such hiffh authority, lest we should be narrow-minded, and be guilty of iimitinj? the Holy One of Israel to our own concepnon. Although it does foreshadow the Baptism which it represents, God^s mercy may be ex- tended independent of outward baptism ; still it is highly comfortable to us, in our own department of his service, that it is undeniably verified in our own day, and also under the ministry of the commissioned servant who warrantably, and authoritatively baptised them, and thereby received them into the Church of Christ. , Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord, for the great abundance of mercy and grace bestowed in his love on many in this land, as now, extensively throughout the world. The iiv»e is come — the time that was set lor glorious manifesf nA*' > i.^ of divine power are experienced extensively throughout the world, and shall continue until all the kingdoms of the world shall be made the kingdoms of our Lora and of his Christ. My beloved Elders and people, although I am distant from you in body, my spirit is with you, and although it certainly did appear, humanly speaking, that we were to be finally separated in the world, yet it has pleased God to bring about your Minister's recovery this far, that I have been enabled to attend meetings on two succeedinp^ Sab- baths ; the first time I prayed both in English and Gselic — and thanlis be to Gk>d, I was enabled yesterday to address the young converts, and those under conviction with powers fid efiSect-— the Lord thus still countenancing ta^ eak en- deavours, and continuing his public approb&iv > i my ministry. I have been unable to decide whetho • aiould go directly toyou, or take my usual rounds by Bell <' reek, and Murray Biarbour; but I believe I have the Lord's direc- tion to visit other Churches where the exertions may not be so heavy untU I gain more strength, if that is his divine will to bestow it. The Lord will direct you in all your ways, when you put your trust in him. You know I have never given you any laws or rules in writing ; we have all that we can possibly require in the New Testament; and therefore I recommend to you all, the close study of that Holy Book, and I com- mend you to the grace of God iiL all my prayers for you at a tiirone of grace. The Lord's ybur Shepherd, you'll not APPENDIX. 211 want— He will 8^*^^ jou by his Holy Spirit into all truth — The hand of che diligent malceth rich.— Let your whole dependence rest on Jesus Christ, for he giveth liberally and upbraideth not. I am, with unfeigned love, your minister, DONALD Mcdonald. N. B. This letter may be read publicly in the Church. D. McD.