%. ^% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) m./o 'W :A 1.0 I.I 1.25 2.2 I 40 2.0 1.8 1-4 IIIIII.6 Vj# <^ //, 7 'e^. e. a. '^ rjv ^ '^ > V V A ^ r 'i>^;. # r^x iV CIHM/ICMH Microfiche CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut canadien de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical Notes / Notes techniques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Physical features of this copy which may alter any of the images in the reproduction are checked below. D D Coloured covers/ Couvertures de couleur Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en couleur L'institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. 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The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —♦►(meaning CONTINUED"), or the symbol V (rneaning "END"), whichever applies. Les images suivantes ont dtd reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de fa nettetd de I'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la der- nidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". The original copy was borrowed from, and filmed with, the kind consent of the following institution: Library of Parliament L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grdce d la gdn6rosit6 de I'dtablissement prdteur suivant : Bibliothdque du Parlement Maps or plates too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul clich6 sont filmdes d partir de Tangle sup^rieure gauche, de gaurhe d droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 wn * No. 13. INFORMATION FOR THE ELECTORS. ti : Jiifiih":: urA^ri .14. THE CHANGES WHICH TIME HAS BROUGHT. «* • :' 1886 16 ^^^,^ h^m^^GH^:^n 1887 16 ;^^ 16 ^ ., ■■ 1888 15-8,^^,^.,J5-9 ^ 1889 16-l^j^^;, 13-9 ,^ The English market shows an advance of one cent, the United -;> States an almost steady decrease until finally, in 1889, it was but « little more than one-thiid the price of twenty years before. In the earlier years the United States imported from Europe, while j for the last two years she has, at certain seasons, shipped eggs to^ Canada. The duty had nothing whatever to with it, as there has , been complete free trade in eggs. As eggs have been laid down in Liverpool at one cent per dozen, or about the same price as in New York, the distance of the English market is now no barrier t[>tra4e. • 'C .v.. ted but In bile 8 to ha8 )wn s in ier These changes were strongly recognized by even the present advocates of commercial union before they began the advocacy of the foreign policy. Thus in his speech in Charlottetown in 1878, Sir Eichard Cartwright said :— ' v/ii^ u* i; it They say we must have reciprocity and that we cannot live without it as a Dominion. 1 take exception to that statement. While reciprocity is desirable, we are not in such aBtate of subjec- tion to the United States that we cannot live without it. W© have men and ships and will carry the war into Africa. Wd will find new markets for ourselves and will cut them out." '^ '*" '* In the same year, Mr. John Charlton could rejoice that there was an opening for our barley in England, and said : — " It had been asserted by gentlemen on the opposite side of the House that the American duty upon Canadian barley diminished the price by the Canadian farmer to the exact amount of the American duty. He should not enter to-night into the discussion of this question, though it was his belief that the American duty was actually paid, in a great measure at least, by the American ^ consumer, and made very little difference indeed with the price received by the Canadian farmer. Fortunately for Canada, the United States would no longer be our only market for barley. A large trade had within the past year sprung up with Great Britain. Our barley had been received with great favor there, and Great Britain could easily absorb our entire surplus. That being the case, English and American buyers would hereafter become competitors for the purchase of our barley. Its price would be fixed as the price of our other cereals now most un- questionably in the open markets of the world, and then it would be a matter of the utmost indifference to our farmers whether the American Government did or did not impose a duty upon barley." Unfortunately the Eeform Government of that day did not follow up its brave words and encourage that trade. The bright prospect died out for lack of proper facilities and knowledge of the qualities required for the English market. If the word of Sir Richard Cartwright and Mr. Charlton were true then, they are still more applicable to-day owing to the changed markets of the United States. The Government recognizes that there is a limited number of articles which, owing to climatic differences, can be better produced in one country than in the other, and believe that an interchange of these products upon fair terms would be alike beneficial to both countries, and have been ready to discuss better trade relations ever since the abrogation of the treaty of 1854. ^ ®''^^ The United States Governments have since 1814 refused to meet our Government, and they have been aided in this in latter years by the . , ^ ' " — '" INSANE POLICY OP COMMERCIAL UNIONISTS. ' Let it be remembered that the old treaty was abrogated mainl}'- on the information contained in a report sent to Congress by the Hon. Israel Hatch, of Buffalo, who gave a most dismal account of the state of affairs in Canada at that lime, and told the United States Congress that by refusing a renewal of that treaty it could make Canada come to its terms and accept conditions that would inevitably lead to annexation. It is a matter of history that Mr. Hatch derived his alleged facts and figures from the dismal writ- ings to the Eeform press of that day — and largely from an address issued to the people of Upper Canada by the Reform convention of 1859. The latter document was sent to Congress with his report, and was bound up with it and a number of other docu- ments on the trade relations with Canada, and so exists to-day. The Reform leaders of that day were thoroughly loyal men ; they did not intend to aid in influencing the Congress of the United States to abrogate the treaty, but their mistaken notion of the position and future of this country had that effect. 2,./. . In 1871 Sir John A. Macdonald was offered reciprocity treaty in certain products by the United States Grovernment. - '^e the matter was under consideration our own parliament , hs in session. The Reform opposition, aided by a number of Conserva- tives, repealed the duty vhich had been imposed by Canada on the importation of these articles from the United States, and upon the fact becoming known the United States authorities withdrew their offer, and a duty has been levied upon those Cana- dian products from that hour to this. *In endeavoring to make a bargain no sane man would dwell upon his poverty and declare that he must make that bargain at any price or go into bankruptcy. Yet this is pre- cisely what the commercial unionists have been doing for the last four years. The madness of such a course was acknowledged by the men who are now pursuing it. . . «_ : * > ^; In his speech in Charlottetown, Sir Richard Cartwright said : vlr^.There is nothing better calculated to prevent the bringing about of reciprocity than to tell the Americans we cannot live without them. It would induce them to believe that they had the power to drive us to their own terms." What the termo were is intimated in an after-speech by Sir Richard Cartwi-ight, when he said : — " I. it a wise policy on the part of Sir John and his organ to s in • .., iw iinly 7 the Lilt Ol' nited could vould it Mr. writ- idress sntion th his docu- ,0-day. ; they United of the treaty le the .18 in nserva- ida on es, and lorities je Cana- would ke that is pre- fer the wledged ht said : )ringing not live had the h by Sir organ to show to the Americans such great anxiety to secure free trade with them ? Is that not the way to prevent a reciprocity treaty ? Is not the American answer under such circumstances certain to be that of the New York Sun, — ' Eeciprocity with Canada, why, yes, certainly we are ready for it, only it would be convenient for the several provinces of the Dominion to be admitted to the United States as a constitutional precedent.' " The Globe, in commenting on that speech, said : — ' " The true attitude in reference to the United States is that which the Reform parly has always taken. ' We can live with- out youi* trade, we are flourishing under our present tariflP arrange- ments. We are not willing to annex ourselves and are not anxious for any change, but we are willing to make a fair reciprocity treaty that will benefit both countries.' " That paper afterwards commended the policy of Sir John Macdonald, for in its issue of the 28th March, 1878, it said : — -' " When the United States Crovernment expresses any desire for the renewal of the treaty, Canada will be prepared to send a delegation to Washington to act in concert with the British Ambassador at Washington on the subject, but not before. In the meanwhile there is, says Sir John, no use saying anything on the subject. This is the only course open to Canadian Minis- ters compatible with the maintenance of anything like respect either for their country or themselves." If Messrs. Laurier and Cartwright had designedly set about it to prevent the United States from considering fair reciprocal arrangements and to induce that people not to reply to any proposition our Government might make — in the language of the New York Sun, they could not possibly pursue a course better calculated to accomplish it than they are now doing, themselves being the judges. ^ t \>iij ^ic:^" = ALREADY REJECTED. The policy of Sir Richard Cartwright and Mr. Wiman has been tendered to all the other nations of this hemisphere by the United States and by them rejected. During the early months of last year a body, known as the Pan-American congress sat at Washington. It was an assembly, upon invitation of the United States Government, of delegates of all the nations of America to consider the subject of reciprocity. From that gathering Canada was ostentatiously excluded. The reason given by organs of President Harrison's admin stration for this exclusion, was that they expected Canada to become a part of the United States, while there was no such expectation that Brazil or Chili or the Argentine Republic ever would. These delegates were wined and dined, flattered and petted, and when the proper time was sup- posed to have arrived, closer trade relations were proposed and m '\ n 11 i. commercial union was first suggested as the means ; when the South American delegates refused to entertain this, then unrestricted reciprocity was tendered. This was not more favorably considered, and the committee to whom it was referred, reported, the United States delegates agreeing as well as others* ;^'mj^> in-i '■< *.i'*.»*vv. u....,.* ,»...»* .-,». ..* - ** But this step would in the opinion of the committee, require a partial sacrifice of the national sovereignty of the American nations and more radical changes in their constitutions than, in the judgment of the committee, they are willing to accept. '• The committee believes that such a union is at present impracticable as a continental system." , In this country, as well as in the United States, it is the fashion of some to sneer at the greasers of Mexico and the half breeds of South America, but they were sufficiently intelligent to reject unanimously a policy which Sir Eichard Cartwright wishes this country to beg for. The}" rejected it though they had no manu- factories to lose, and though they produced the sugar, coffee and other products for which the United States was a natural market. They unanimously rejected it because they had no desire to have their tariff and laws subjected to the [Jnited States ; because they did not wish their trade restricted to a single nation ; because they wished to be able to buy wherever they could purchase to the best advantage. » , . CAN IT BE GOT? ' * ^ ' '' It is urged by Commercial Unionists that the United States (xovernment will not make such a ti*eaty as the Dominion Gov- ernment is willing to offer. This no man can say. Circumstances change and Governments must change to meet them. The personnel and policies of Governments likewise change. In a few days the control of one branch of the United States Legislature will pass from the party ni)w in power and what may hencefor- wai d be the policy no one dare say. One thing is certain that there is not the slightest evidence that the Government or people of the United States are willing at this moment to negotiate any treaty with Canada that does not tend immediately to sever our relations with the Mother Country and to promote annexation with the United States. When the agitation was begun it was alleged that the Republican party, through Butterworth, Hitt, and Sen- ator Sherman, were willing to enter into commercial relations with this country, but session after session of Congress passed and the promises of Mr. Wiman remained unfilled, and the last hope, Senator Sherman, did not even venture to submit his reso- lution to the Senate. Daring the recent eldctions better trade ith ed en- ons sed ast ■9S0- relatijns with Canada were scarcely ever referred to, and when they were it was to condemn the proposal. "Canadians cannot be Canadians and Americans too. If Canadians want to get the advantage of the American market it is by becoming American citizens," said Mr. Blaine. " Canada is blubbering foi* a recipro- city treaty. Let her blubber until she is willing to join the Dnion," said General Butler, and since the elections the utter- ances have been inspired by like sentiments. Even those who have favored commercial union have advocated it because it will lead to annexation. "I am in favor of commercial union because it will bring Canada under our flag," said a leader of the Democrats, Senatoi* Carlisle. " I am in favor of it," said Mr. Depew, " because it will advance the Stars and Stripes from Niagara Falls to the North Pole." The utterances of Mr. Wiman upon this point are so numerous and so well known as to scarcely need quotation. His contention is, as it always has been, that tho United States cannot coerce Canada into annexation, but by a commercial union she can be brought into the Union. He shows that commercial union, or as he sometimes names it " Unrestric- ted Reciprocity " is equivalent to abandonment of Britain. In his last utterance, in the article in the North American Review of January last, there is this sentence : — " If, as the first step towards independence, the Canadian people were asked to vote upon the pi'oposition to procure for them political freedom, no one act could be proposed which would be more significant in that direction than the one which the Liberal party now practically ask the Canadian people to acquiesce in." On every side the same story is met. No later than Friday, 30th January, Sir Richard Cartwright delivered a speech in ad- vocacy of his policy at the dinner of the ^ston Chamber of Commerce. He was immediately followed : y General Bullock, of Atlanta, who said that the proper way to secure it was by Sir Richard becoming "^^ . ,. ^ , "THE SENATOR FROM THE STATE OP ONTARIO." xl Even Senator Sherman's resolution, of which so much has been promised by Sir Richard Cartwright and his followers, looked to a political as well as a commercial arrangement. The most ex- traordinary thing in the contention is that up to the last moment we were assui-ed that better trade relations were to be obtained through the Republican party, but to-day we are commanded to rejoice because the Republican party had been defeated, because the DMQooi'atio ptity had all along been the genuiae ftiends of 8 I I Canada The Repablican party has negotiated reoiprooity treaties ; the Demonratic party not only has not negotiated such a treaty with any nation in forty years, but it has opposed every treaty that has been proposed. The leaders of that party are opposed to any treaty that will take the absolute control of the tariff out of the hands of Congress. What may come out of the negotiations now ponding upon various branches of our relations with that country, it is impossible to say. If we are to have a fair treaty with our neighbours, it is of the highest im- portance that they should be undeceived of their present con- ception of the condition of this country. When they are defi- nitely given to understand that, while desirous of better trade relntlons, this country will neither sacrifice its self-respeot, its connection with the Mother Country, nor the freest control over its own affairs, then we may expect to treat with them frankly and fairly. This can be unmistakeably done only by the elector- ate driving fl'om public life the men whose hunger for oflSce has led them deliberately to pursue a course that has misrepresented tte and deceived our neighbours. * Our neighbours are eminently a bargain-making people. When satisfied they cannot get everything they wish they will be will- ing to accept something that will be fair to both and mutually profitable. That must be sooner or later, and probably sooner than later. When that time comes it is of the utmost importance that the control of our affairs shall be in the hands of men of undoubted al ility and of undoubted loyalty — men who are not only Canadians by accident of residence but by faith in the future of this great country. Can this be said of Messrs. I^tauvier and Cartwright ? Let it not be forgotten that their policy is'aUnit^ States policy. It was not originated by them nor in Canada. It is in i^irect opposition, as has been shown, to tbeii* foi-taer policy and utterances. They have posed as the advocates of free trade and 6ppo»^ our moderate protection as disloyal to the mother country. They now advocate the adoption of the most ultra protection and of a policy that must lead to separation from G?'eat Biitain; It is a foreign policy and is dependent for suciCess upon foreign ftivor. The secret missions to Washington ; the running to and fro between their foreiign principals and their Canadian echoes ; all betoken that the country dare not trust its interests in such bands. Nor is there the slightest evidence that the heroes of the blunders And blindness of IB^^ are one whit better informed now as to the i*eede of the oountry.