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 iii;si'::("riN(i 
 THE WORKING OF THE LAWS GOVERNING 
 
 SrHMITTEI> TO Tiir-; 
 
 EXECUTIVE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC 
 
 AT ITS SITTING OF THE 29tli OF MARCH 1892 
 
 rx THE XAMK OF 
 
 THE HOSPICE SAINT-CHARLES DE QUEBEC 
 
 in 
 Rev. Messire BERNIEE & J. A. CHARLEBOiS, N. P. 
 
 
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 Tlio niiiso of pom- iuitl iibiunlonod rlilldi-ou is (>vory one's 
 (•iiiisc. This is why, in answer to the repeated ri-qiiests (tf 
 Rev. Mr. liernier, I loiive my aociistonied rnli' to address 
 yon. r do not intend to make a speeeli. !»ut merely to snh- 
 mit you a tew I'oniarks witli rot'erenee to tlie laws iivtvei'nin^- 
 onr lletbrmatory and Indus trial Schools, and. at the sani(» 
 time, to expose as briefly as possible the olijeiMions whi<-]i the 
 (.allies of the Good Shepherd have to the e.)ndition otall'iirs 
 created by tlie new le^'islation. 
 
 The lietter to understand the present aspee: of the tpies- 
 tion, 1 consider it necessary to state the law as ir existcil 
 previous to 18il2 ; we will then pass to the law as it now 
 exists since the amendiuiMits adopted at tlie sessions of l.S'.li' 
 and 1S0:1. 
 
 L 't us lirst studv the law which i>-nverns IJeforniatorv , n''';"iiiuiui.v 
 S(diools. AVe lind it at articles -JS!)! and i'ollowin,u\ and 
 articles :;174 and i'oUowinii' ot the Revised Sta'ntes oi" the 
 Province of (Quebec. 
 
 The U 't^)rnia.toiy 8;ho,)!s are e^tablisliel to provide a J'^^;i;';' "' "'" 
 better disei|)line for juvenile ott'enders of both sexes, under 
 10 years of a<:;e, sentenced to inii>rlsonment ai'tev com- 
 mitliui; an otfenee and to save them, if possible, fi-om the 
 contamination to which they would be exposed if they were 
 teiiteneed to p.ii. their tinxc of detention in a cornnion gaol. 
 
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 Those 8cliools jiro ostabli.slicd in virtuo of a ocrtilioato Oi«nii.-';iti..ii 
 .yraiiti'd hy tlio Lieutonant-Govcnior — the (liroctorrihavctlu'iiicit ..i ii..- it. 
 powers ota goxci'iiorof'a prison ; — witliiii ein'lit days from llic' ' 
 iiiilii'isoiiiiic'iit of an oifbiider, tlio dirootors ai\' bound toyivi' 
 nolicc to tlie rroviiicial Secrutai'v ; — tlie dirccttirs luav phuc 
 I 111. tlic (U'linqnoids witli a poi.-'Oii ot oontidi'iioc, but such 
 lioriiiissidu must Ix' roiicwi'd i-vcry throe months and may he 
 (■ancelled hy the d'u'oetors, at any time, at xvi!h 
 
 'I'he Iiofonnatory Soltools nnist he inspootod at h^ast om-e 
 a yeiir hy ou(^ of the prison inspectors. 
 
 'IMie delinquent was eontlned on tlie ordei' o|' a district 
 niai'ihtrato of Justices of the peace het'ore whom the (^>Hbuder 
 was ]iro.-eeute(L 
 
 In lSi)2, the mo(h' of confinement was clianired and hy lln^ i.m d isna 
 act rp5-')t) Victoria, chapter 1*7, tlie jiislice of tlio i»eaee of ',„'„' i'/!.r '','M:,r 
 district ma.i4'istrate before wliom the case is tried is »)hli<;vd ";,',';,''''''"'" 
 to take notes of tlio evidence which notes are aftcfwards 
 liausmitt(.'d to the Provincial Socrotary. 
 
 Tt is true that tin- man'istrate has [lowor to issue the ordoi' 
 of commitment, haf Ihe iiornrnineiit is responsihle for tlic cost/ 
 nj iiniintfii(tih-p. of the chilli oiil If if fin: /'i-nt-'iii'-i il Serrr/iiri/. 
 liiisiiHj I'ifi oi>ii)ioii oil tlir, (lo'iiiiienls sent la him, in/orniH thf. 
 iliitdoys: (ift/w /ufor/iidlori/ Sr/mol t/i it t!if;i cait /:<if/) tlf; chi/tf. 
 
 W^ithin what delav must the I'rovinoial Secrctarv send ' "' ^■''"■'"■ 
 ,' , . ■ I' - 11' II 'ill-' 
 
 this notice "r Is it fifteen days, one month, three months n.Mi i..i' i.^i 
 
 after receiving' the magistrate's notes 'r Tin' law does not ' "" " 
 
 sav. The silence of the Provincial Secri'tarv. through the 
 
 lofgctfulnoss, the omission of an official, through tlio loss of 
 
 documents accidentally mislaid or destroyed may set aside 
 
 the most just sentence fei|uiring immediate execiuiou in the 
 
 very interests of the delinquent. To any one who will I'eiloet 
 
 for a moment, it is evident that if the order of the magistrate 
 
 is not eaffiod out hy an ofloctive and immediate confinement, 
 
 the order is not w )flh- the papef on which it is written, 
 
 AV^ithout examining whether this legislation does not Lof-isiiiiH.n 
 imply usurpation of Judicial [lowor, \ will niei-oly ask you to^. ,„v! ,',','".." 
 oonsidof whether it is not ultra vires and I call the attention 
 of tlio Cfown Law Oificofs to articles 809 and following i.f 
 the Criminal Ode, 
 
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 111 my ]innil)Io oi.inion, I do not think that the justifos of 
 tlic |i('ii«'0 oi' tlic niniiistriitc tivinn' ii Juvenile oU'ender ninlcr 
 the piMvisions uftlie ('(xh'arc lioiiinh in onh-r to iniprisoii tlie 
 olK'ii(h>r, to suliniit tlii'ir sentence to the Jiidgnieiit in revi- 
 sion oftlie I'l'iiviiieiiil Seeretary. 
 
 Tliis sliitule .'ilso contains otiiei' i)rovisions wliieli do not 
 fitlect tlie iiderests jit stake ill this case. 
 
 I now iir(;t'eed to examine tlie laws i;'()\(,'rnin_i;' Tiidiislrial I'-in ni'i 
 Sc]iool> as contained in articles OliiT and folluwinu' of the' " " 
 h'evised Stadites I'. (,». 
 
 Tlie fndnstrial, like the lieforniatorv, School is estahlished 
 liy a certillento o-i'iinte(l Ity the iiieiilenant CJovei'iior. One ol" 
 the iirison insjieetors is selectt-d hy tlu' Lieutenant (lovt'rnor 
 to insiiect the Industrial School- — the Lieiiteiiaiit (iovernor 
 ill Council may i, -sociale aiir>ther |iersoii with him - the 
 liidiisirial Schools mn-1 he iiis]iected oiico a vear. 
 
 TJinh'r tills law, the cliildreii wlio could he coiiliiieil in (-' iisvurciri:- 
 
 f I . , , , , , iln-ll II til cull il 
 
 IndnKt rnil Schools, were sent tlu're on the followinii'ix! roi linoiin 
 formalities : *' 
 
 I. Two rate iiayer.s (jould hriiii;' hefore two jiistleos oi' the 
 peace (n- mau'i.-trate any chilil under 12 vears : 
 
 ('/) If he was liitlu'rless or motherless and if the siir\ivinu- 
 jiaieiit was disorderly in coinhiet ; 
 
 (//) If file |iareiits were criminals sent to the peiiitontiary ; 
 
 (r) If, ill I'iilu'r case, the" child liad no means of siii>i>ort and 
 lio relative Ixinnd to sii]H>ort him ; 
 
 If llu\jnd_«i'e, after weii^'hinu; the evidence, fniind that the 
 eliild came, undei- tin- iirescrilied conditions, heiL;:ave the order 
 to send him at once to the Iiuliistrial School ; 
 
 ir. 'i'lie father or mother could likewise have any viei«)iis 
 child whom tlu'y could not control, conlined on an (U'der of 
 a niaii'istrate, hut the latter gave this order only after ha vine,- 
 received a certain deiiosit from the parents to /over (he cost 
 ot the ehihrs keep tor one month, over and ahove th«' ]iro- 
 vincial eontrihiitioii ; 
 
 Iff. Tho mayor ot n municii)ality with the 'aiitlioriz-ation 
 of the council of such miiiiii'ij.ality coiild also hrini>; Itefore a 
 
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iiistii't' (if ilif iiciu'c or iiiiiiiist mtc, miiv cliilil mi(K'r \1 vonvrf 
 olun'c who, owiiii;' tot lie v-oiitiiiual illiii'ssor cxhviiu' pow rty 
 or vicious lml)its ol' liis |)iiivnts, ivt|iiirc(l tojjc protoctcij iiiid 
 iisl< lliiit Hull cliild !)(- sent 1o iiii liidtistriiil School. (Ml 
 sildicicMt lH'oiif. llic iiiiiii'isli'iitc onlcivd that ihi- child be 
 coiiliiicd and in such case the iiuiiiicii»ality hccniiu' rcs|ioii- 
 sihlc tor one haH'ol' the <'<»st of maintenance 
 
 in virfiii' ot'lhis law, a child could not he contini'(l in an iMiniinicM 
 
 I I , • I . . I I I I' 1 I- II :iii>l iiiii\iiiiiiiil 
 
 industrial >>clio,iI lietorc lie was seven yeui's ot aj;\' iior c'ou ii I ,,!„,,,. „, ,..,,|. 
 he he kept tliei'e atter he was \-2 vears old. uidesshis i »a i-i'U I s ;''■■" ^' ':'"""''' 
 
 1 • ' 111' I- itllllM.I III 
 
 iindertooU to pay his hoard or unless he were pre\'eiited l. s. 
 iVoiii Icavinu' throuuli illness or intirmily. 
 
 'I'his ni-ilcr to keep the child could he exeoiiled only al'tef 
 liaviiiL',' het'ii appi'oved hy the j'l'oviiicial S.-ctrelai'v. 
 
 The law, atler havinii' so provided lor the ileleiition ol the .m.mI.m.i ,ii-- 
 children, laid down the I'ornialilies to he; ohscrved in the ''"''"' 
 orders ol' discdiain'c. liave a cei'tain ri'C' .u rse a u'ainst niiinici- 
 paliliesand intlividuals and afterwards determined the mode 
 of discharsiv as follows : 
 
 (ii) The Lieutenant < iovornor ci)uld order that a child ho 
 1ransferr<.'<l from one scliool to another; 
 
 {l>) lie could likewisi' order that a (diild he dischari;vd 
 from an industrial seliool eitlu'r ahsolutely oi' conditionally. 
 
 In IcS.S^i and 18!)0 some i-hanii'es wen' made in the law l,c-i-.iai;..ii 
 H'liverniiiii' Industrial and Uofonuatory Schools. Thus art." 
 •■>,l:j<S of the Ivcvised Statutes was amended to allow the 
 entrance into Tmlustrial Schools of any child under 1:^ 
 years on certain conditions mentioned in the Statute and also 
 1 I ('online therein deaf-muto ehildroii soi-i to insane asvlums 
 (oii Vict. cha[i. 84;. 
 
 The leti'ishition of lx!M), like the i-roccdinii', allects onlv 
 Industrial Schools and allows children oi four years of a <;e" 
 to he sent there. IJetore that law, the miuimiini ago was 
 seven years : hv thelenislatiou of lf?92, it is fixed at si.\; veais. 
 This f;ame law also enacted that a child iVom four to nine 
 years of ago could he sent to the Agricultural Orphanage af 
 Nolro l^amo do Montfort. 
 
 Such were the laws governing Industrial Schools uji to i,ogis!ation 
 1802. Then came the amendments of 1802 and 1808. '[L'/l'Ia."."!' 
 
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 The liiw wliicli roqiiiroil tliat tlio application for confiiic- ' '"'^'^.''lcif, 
 
 ' * ' Inliiiii (it IS'.'.' 
 
 iiu'iit bo iiiude l»y two rati.' i»ayi'rs was ami;ii«U'(l in 189-. A""' iii" i^^iv. r 
 • 1 ' 1 *• 1 • ■I'll '■' ' 'I'""'' "' 
 
 suiijio rato payer may apply tor tlu' coiitmomont ot a cliiiil r.niiinni.ni. 
 
 tVoni six to twelve years of age toi' about the same 
 
 I'l'asons as tlioso given in the uM law. To this pr.ii'ision 
 
 there lias merely been added that the fact of a child's having 
 
 neither tutor nor relative in direct line eajiahle of takinu' eai'e 
 
 ot'him, exposes him to l)eeome a vagrant and to die ot'hriiger, 
 
 This i»rovision ol the law may in some cases simplify tlie 
 proof wh'ch has to be made to obtain an order for conllne- 
 ment. 
 
 The same statut*' repeals article 0128 of the Revised >■• » '• "' 
 
 Matutcs as to the manner ot proceedmg for obtainmg tlu- 
 ftrder and sidistitnt<>s tlie mode wliich I will explain as brief.y 
 as possible. 
 
 Till' eoni[ilaint is made before two justices of the peaci' or 
 a magistrate, after notice given to the parents. 
 
 Thejiistiee of the peace, if satisfied that the child comes 
 under the prescribed conditions, does not give the order luit 
 re|»orts to the Provincial Secretary to whom he sends bis 
 n(»tes and a copy of the complaint. 
 
 The Proviucial Secretai'v, after examining the documents 
 sent to him, deeide-i whether the child is to be continiMl and 
 ir is oidv after such examination that he signs the order of 
 a<lmission if he thinks proper ; this order is sent lo the 
 magistrate, who, in his turn, sends it with the child to the 
 In<lustrial School ; thi> order is tlu^ warrant which anthori/es 
 the detention of tin' child. 
 
 May 1 be ]ierinitted to observe here, in passing, that this S!,.\n e? i.r 
 maclimery is e iin[ilicated and bicely to ofler swioiis draw- |„,..',r,i:ii . 
 liaeUs wlien ])ut into practice. 
 
 There will be no lack ot cases where the eontiuement of 
 a child must bo etlecteil without delay and wlu-rt^ the i'acl . 
 of refusing it will be a cruel act because it will prolong the 
 t!uftering of a poor little being who has no protection beyond 
 Ihat which tlu> State is pleased to give him. 
 
 We have now <'onie to the law of last session wbidi I will t,e:;i hni.Mi 
 endeavor 1(^ go over rajtidly with you. 
 
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 ITiidor the oltl law a child coiitiiiod in fii. Inst rial School *|".''""^"';-'>* 
 oniiM 1)0 placed out in a jirivatc iamily l>y the Dircc-tois nfi..ic is'i:;. 
 ihc institution; this pcfinission could ho ivvokcil at anytime 
 and the children so placed out wore under the sat'cifuard of 
 the Directors of tlio school from which they came. It may 
 he easily inia^'ined ihat the nnniber tor each srhool must 
 naturally have 1»een linuted. 
 
 Art. 31.")7 'I., amendiuti- art. :51.j7 of the Kevised Statutes, I'lann-ont ..| 
 
 ' • _ c'lilili'iii iiiiili r 
 
 •••ivcH to the Provincial Secretary the i>ower t(» phn-e out in ittfji-iitiion d 
 
 '" • 1. •!• 1 •! 1 11 ■• 1 • IT IH'i:! : IHiwrr- 
 
 privato laninu's, the cliihlrcn ah'eady <'onnne<l ni an Indus- jjivcn t.. I'l..- 
 
 , • 1 1 1 viiii'iiil SiTir- 
 
 trial school. 
 
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 Art. 31.')7 I), gives him power \o send a chihl into a jni- 
 vate fandly at first insead of sending him t(» an Industrial 
 School and this in nearly all tht^ cases of confinement pro- 
 videil for hy law. 
 
 Art. 31o7c. allows the Provincial Secretary to liherate a 
 child instead of compelling him to remain in the family in 
 which he was placed. It is important to observe that the 
 law does not say that the chihl, on leaving the family in 
 which he was placed, will neei'ssarily return ti an Indnsti'ial 
 Schoo' for the remaiidng period of his confini'nu'Ul. 
 
 The other provisions of the Statute regulate certain details 
 of the new systoju which it is intended to inaugurate. 
 
 To resume, this law gives the Provincial Secretary almost 
 ahsolnte power over children in Industrial Sclu»ols or those 
 who are to enter them : henmy reimvve tluMn f'romfhe scIkxiI 
 when he thinks proper, he may refuse their admittance to ;i 
 school in order to iilaee them in a family and the next Any 
 he may discharge lhen> without consulting any omv 
 
 I do uot wish in any way to rellect on the good I'aith of 
 the Provincial Secretary nor on his desire fodo well, hut can 
 he assure us that his successors in the future will not ahuse 
 of these extraordinary powers, that they will devote the same 
 attention and labor, as he, to the performance of his duties 
 fowaids these little unfortunates. (See Appendix 1).) 
 
 Having given, in as few words as possible, a synopsis of 
 tlie legislation on Kehirmatory and Tndusitrial Scliools, I will 
 now retrace my steps and expose the objections we have to 
 oxistinn' h'uislalion. 
 
 
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 iJoforo tlio sossioii of 1.S92, it \vn>; fi coninnnitivclv oii^v ^-'j^'^'" " 
 
 1 - • rca'licn. 
 
 niiittcr to olttMiu julniissiiin to nolonuiitorv anil TiKliistriiil i'Kt'"-' "' u^-••• 
 
 Scliools ; tliofi' may liavi' hiHMi almsi's, but wo think that 
 
 these abnsos, it'anv lliere were, lia\e hei-n i^ivatly oxaijii^eratiMl. 
 
 It was souii'lit to ilo away witli pivtenih'il al)Uses and, we 
 
 may l)e jierniitteil to say, llie I'esult lias Ixvn Imt to I'all into 
 
 the eont rary excess. 
 
 Tn a nu'mui'ial wiiieh wc submitted to the I'l-ime Ministor nisas.ioiis 
 
 , . . , . , 1 . r 1 lipsillt 111' l;l*t 
 
 on tins same (piestion dnrnii^-tlie month ot .lannary, last weic-i^inion. 
 
 said : '• Since the 1st July lS!t2 there lias not boon a sinii'le 
 
 " admission to tlie Industrial School in (^ueliec ; a little !n'irl 
 
 •'• may have Ikhmi admitted to the llot'ormatory Sidiool. Thi' 
 
 •• same remark apjilies fo the IJet'ormatory and Industrial 
 
 •• School of St. ,l()se|ih de la I )elivranei' do Jiuvis ; up to the 
 
 " 2'Uh Xovember last, not a .-iuLjle child had boi'ii admitted 
 
 '• to the lioformatory or Industrial School. Is it to that end 
 
 '• that the Government wishes to maintain Ket'oi'matory and 
 
 '• Industrial Schools ? " 
 
 Can it be that in the whole district ol' Qu,-l>ee — whiidi 
 for that purpose, 1 think, comprises all that pai't of the 
 Province to the east of Three Rivers on one side of the ri\'er 
 and Arthubaska on the other — theri- has not been during- 
 that period of six months more than one child to send to the 
 iJoformatory. 
 
 It is dilKeult to belicvt' that in the whole of that vast 
 extent of territory there has not boon, durin;;' (h.at periid, 
 a sin2,'le (diild abandoned by its parents, a single (diild with 
 driniken or vieions parents and in danger of being lost who 
 should not liavi' been sent to the Industrial School. 
 
 Terhaps some children who might not have had the 
 right to go to the Industrial S.'hool hav(> been refused 
 admission, but at the same time the admission has been 
 prc\'ente(l of a nnmlier of childi'on, who for very grav(( 
 i-easons shoidd have bt'on admitted. Still moi-e, under the 
 ](retext o\ removing an abuse, children eon lined for some 
 linu^ who shoidd not have been dis(diargeil, have been set 
 at liboi'ly. In some eases, it was inlnnnani> ; in others, it was 
 something worse, as we will shorlly prove. 
 
 Ijot us study more closely the Ituv (Ui Industrial Schools. ui,;.i tiniKt.. 
 it may poruaps not be madvisaltle to AWtw the didlinetion j, ,<, 
 
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 wliicli iiiiist !»(( iiiiiili' l)Ot\V(H'ii llic Ili'toniiiitory Scliool iind 
 the [nil list rial School. If tlio Uot'onnatory School is useful, 
 wo '•iiMt not o\-tn-look the tact that the TiulMstrial School is 
 iioiio the less luM^cssary ami that some consider the Industrial 
 School as :i nmn" useful in-ti(ution to society than the 
 Itcforniatory Schdnl. 
 
 The Ui'lonii ilorv Scliool recfivcs children w ho :iro alreaiiv , 
 
 III 
 
 _s>;uilty. The Industrial School receives children still innocent it' 
 Imi in sciidus danu'cr of hecoiuini; crimiiial. 'I'he tirst,!,, 
 assumes the ever i^ainful oliliu'atioii df iiunishiiiii- and the 
 duty of reftiriniiiii', if i)(»ssihle ; the mis ' -n of the si'cond is 
 to preserve threatened innocence and strtMiu'then it for future 
 strn!>-<;'Ies. To I'esume, f would say that the object of the 
 K'.'fornuitorv ScUool is to nudcir a j^'ood citi/eii out of a 
 criminal ; the Industrial School jtivvenls \\> inmates from 
 beconiin.!;' criminals ; one acts on minds already hliiilited, the 
 other jirevents l»li<i'ht ; the industrial School is a sale refiiii^' 
 aii'ainst the dani>vrs of ovil associations, ol' bad exam[ile and 
 ]ieniicious counsel, h<?causc the v-hildi-en receive<l in these 
 s.-hools are not old t'liouu'h to know and |iropaj>'ate evil • 
 tliev are only little uiifoi-iunates al)andoned by heart K-ss 
 parents, or (juite little thinii;s whom lost women cannot 
 properly brinn' up near them : they are children to be pitied 
 but wliom no one can blamo. 
 
 The consef|Uence of this definition is that if •the doors 
 ot our Keformatory Schools should be o[ieii 1o our yoiiin;' ' 
 od'eiiders, thost' of our Industrial Schools sliould be ol' as 
 easv actH'Ss. i reu'i'ct to say, thai contrary, (o the opinion of 
 idi who are autlioiiti(\-; on the subject, conli'ary lo llie 
 recommenilations fi\Mpiently expri'ssed under nnniy toi'ins by 
 the i>rison inspectors ajipoiuted and paid by the (b)vernmenl. 
 ('hauii'es have been nnnle in existing- laws in which the /•('/.' 
 'and utilitv nfour Induslrial Schools si'cms to have been 
 iii'iiored. I f on the one hand it. lias been soin;-ht to kt>ep ;i 
 viii'ilant eve on admissions to our schools, on the other hand 
 it has been sought as it were to close their doors. W'hat 
 luis to be done to-day to get a chihl si'ut there / It is necessary 
 to have an imiuiry before a magistrate or two justices of the 
 peace who must take note.-, of the evidiMice ; senil a report 
 with a co|iy ot the comi>laint totho Provincial Secretary who, 
 in his til I'll, di'cides i.r jinrli whether tlie child is to be coii|iii('<l. 
 
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 Xotwitlif^taudiiiy: tlio coiiMdciuH' we iiinv luivc in tlu'siliility 
 i>rili(' minister in ciiiii-u,!' ni' tliaf |)c|i!ivrnj(Mit, wi- tnko tlif 
 liluM'ly (»f rtspt'cffnlly stating (lint wt- liuvo stronir doiilits as 
 Ti) tin' I'flicaoy of siicli a system. Tlu' l"n»vincia! Sccictai'y 
 Ir ^ too many tilings to »tc'ii|iy his attciititin to In- aMr to do 
 jiistici' to tliosi' casos wliicli in many instaiieos have to ln> 
 docidc'd [H'oin]»tIy. It nii'.st not Ik- lorj-'ottcn that tlic ivasons 
 whioli render the adniisi^ion ot a eliihl to an Indusrrial School 
 necessary are ncai'ly always nriicnt and rei|iiire that il he 
 <Iiine at onee. 
 
 I am not of those who would rel'iiiio to the Sti^t*- the meiins A.'...n«ri..,» 
 
 . raliiMl I" III- 
 
 of proteetinju; itself au'aiirst treatdiery ami inipoiilion. hut il i.r.riMiv.i. 
 setMus to ino tliat there was a surer and less raiii>-al way of 
 securing the jiroper worl<in<; of the law. 
 
 The indiyos niii>-ht have retained tln' iDwcr which thev •'";'-"," 
 
 had to ordor confinement in Industrial S,'hoo!s, hy iiiviny llu rhiin |M,»ei . 
 
 Trovineial Se<'retarv the rii;'ht to revise tin- sentence of the 
 niagisti'ates when, from infornitition ohtained, it would have 
 heen ostahlished that the child shoidd not have ln'cn sent to 
 the industrial Sclmol. 
 
 \\'"lth lc<;'islatioii such as that which ii'(>verus us. entrance incoivi- 
 
 ,,',,, ' , fi 1 nii'iHv-^ ti> in- 
 
 to tlie ludu.-;triai Schools may hi' stopped wiieii we liUe, i>ut i,i-ir:.-. 
 
 there is a danger of doing tliis without disciMiunent. 
 
 1 Avouhl go I'veii further and say that this legislation 
 exposes the .\[inister, ovon if he was the most perfect of 
 men, t(» he solieiteil to make admission to tlu'se schools a 
 matter of political favour, in our eyes, the cause <»f lost anti 
 ahandoned children isone which interests society to too high 
 a degree to ho left for an instant at the mercy ot tlie Huctua. 
 ti(Uis of political jiarties. 
 
 Up tr> 18it:1, the legislation might have hcen detective :_^,. |;j;i;;;''';'j;;; 
 hut, if I m IV h;' oermitted to resiteetfullveN'rtress iny (>i»inion, iiiMi-^uois 
 I would say tha' that ot last session lias not imi>rovt'(l it. isi.'. 
 
 Far from it, this legislation has introduced in our laws 
 
 principles with reference to the manner of conducting our 
 
 Industrial Schools wliich are diametrically op]»osed tocvery- 
 
 thiiig which has heen written and saiti <*\\ *lu' snhject for 
 
 tliirlv years. 
 
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 Til cfrcct, tilt' iiiost alisoliifi' luiwfrs <;ivfii in iiiiv oin' Ai.-oiun. 
 niiiii ill'*' iilwiivs 11:4 (liiiitferoiH loi' liiiii win) f'xt-rciises 
 tlu'Hi lis I'or tlioso \vli(» urcsubjc'ottMl to llioiii. Not only can 
 the ^[lnist('l• at his itleasiu'c coittiiicii chiM, siiMpond or rt'liisc 
 siicli (•()nliiu'iiit'iil, iMit liL' niav it' Iu'cIiooho soikI a diild oithor 
 to an I iidiHtrial school or intt) a private taniily oii such condi- 
 tions and ti>r sin-li tiino as ho may think i»roi»cr. It' tlic 
 report ol a Jiidt-c rccoiiinu'iids the inaxi'miin Icn^jfth ot con- 
 llncniciit, the Secretary may, if pleases, tVt'c thecliihl. The 
 sat'cii'iiard ])rovided hy the old law and which recpiired the 
 ohlainiiiii; of an order of the liieiiteiiant-tioveriior in roinnil 
 no lonj^er exists. 
 
 if there be u:reat ohjoctions to the svstem hy wliich the i»ni,,,.i:,,.i. hi 
 
 • •It '• • 1 • ' I • ' • II inini'liT 
 
 rrovincial Secretary is c-nstitiiti'd judu;e in lirst and last (i.kin;.' .M! 
 
 ... 11 .• <• t • ii 1 1 il ilrc'ii II iilcr liii 
 
 rt'sort ot all causes ot C( •innemeiit in the scliool, there are,. ij||.„,,_ 
 still more to his taking' direclly under his i-hara;e all the 
 uhildreii in the I'rovinoe who are tu' who may hereafter 
 heeontiiiccl in ihem. As a matter of i»rincii)le. we ohject to 
 replacing the eclueation and control wlii(di a yoiiiii;" child 
 would receivi' in onr Industrial Si-hools hy the cMliicatioii and 
 control which might be given to him in any private family. 
 
 We repeat that a minister has not e:i'> igh tim ■ t ) a't.-.rl •'^•' i- ■•'■ '■■' 
 
 , ' , no I'll' It- ■•llllJ 
 
 to llu' fate and wellare ot tlie ehddren ho may phu-e out in lo i.H.k iuiit 
 various parts of tlie rrovince and wliom ho must, look after 
 when he has [)laced ihemont, Mven if the iniiiiln'r were 
 (c.dy iifty he would not tiiid a way and still less the leisure 
 to altt'iid to the numerous details necessitated by tlie 
 supervision of these children. And after all could any family, 
 even with the best of cer>ili<'ates, always fidlill its obligations 
 towards the child 'i 
 
 Ainoiiii'st the families who pn-sent theiiisi'l\-es bel'ore tlie 
 Secretary provided with a certiticale of respectability, is il 
 not possible that s nne may have* olitained the certillcate by 
 falsi' and fraudulent moans 'r And then what would be the 
 fate of the unfortunate children, delivered over to the 
 cujiidity ot nersons unworthy of i iig their [>rotectors, who, 
 for the bread they will give them, will exact excessive labour 
 from them or to fathers of families who will resjieet nothing, 
 not even tlieinnoceneeof the cliildren <'ontbled to their care "r 
 AVill the rroviiitial Secretary hear the complaiiitts of these 
 
 tlir I'lliMiBii. 
 
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 imrniliiiiiil.' victims. t's|M'ciiillv wlu-n tlicy arc liiiii(ln'<l> ni 
 iiiilfs iiwiiy rioui I lie ciipiliil '! Iiis|n'fti(>ii is m-fcssjiry. Wy 
 wliuhi iiinl li.iw will tlicsf iMiiiilirs willi wliuiii tin* i-liildri'ii 
 arc iiiatcd, l.c iii>|i(v(r(l ? 'I'liis iiis|i('ftiuii. if i-iimctj out, will 
 I'lHt soiiiclliiim,' t.) I lie I'rovintc in salarifn, Inivcllin;;, 
 
 ('X|l('llr<t'S, etc. 
 
 Xdtliiii.u' rail n-pjarc llic »'.liir:iri(iii u-lvcii in oiir ''''I''"*' '"'''' ,<./^"'!|''"',i!',,'.,,. 
 Sfliiiuls. and in sii|p|Mtil of ni.v llicoiv I will u^ivf tin* opinion lio; <m mi.. i !..■ 
 ol the (Hivi'i-nnicnl (Urn-i'is. In tlicir ri'iu.rt lor l>l^2.(|>. 41).'"'"'" 
 tlir I iis|n'ctors sav : 
 
 •■• lliindi't'ds of voiitli-; aiv now skilled i-n'rluiMit's, iroctd 'M'' ''"""i 
 
 • _ _ _ (.'.iVIIIIIIl Mil 
 
 workincn and Iioiu'st cili/cnsowinn' ciitii't'ly to tlicst- sidntols, i, ^|.vi,.,- 
 wliicli iIu'v wore t'ortiinati' i'iioii<f|i to attoiid lor a li'W 
 yciirs ■■ 
 
 " 'riii'sc nnliaiM'V vontlis wiio arc now "-Jad to earn tlicir lv\. i'.- .<•.■ 
 
 ' ' • • , , ... .,.'.1 III' In lif- 
 
 Itrcad lioiu'sti; would itcoplc oiir iraols and pcnitenruiavs il ,,,:.■<•; i-. 
 
 tlii'v liad nor [lassod sonic year.-; under tlic vinilant and 
 pafcrnal care oi' the Urotlicrs to wli.)in tlie inainiffiMm-nt ot" 
 tlic s(diool is intrusted, 'i'lici'ctorc, iiisteati ol' u nursery lor 
 vaii'alioiids, we liavt' a \i<i'oiirons youini" nianliood eliccrt'iilly 
 strivinu' t.> sccnre a future in the society of lionest men. 
 
 In tlie re|tort for 1S,'<') we find tlic loljowiiig' remarks on 
 Kcfornnitory and Industrial .Selioiils, paii'cs 
 
 " 'IMicrc iirc niiinl>crs of tlicse s(dioi)ls in all conntries 
 wliieli are more or less siicces><fiil where they have het'ii 
 founded loi' [•ersonal or speenlativc motives, bnt their siice*'ss 
 surprises the most incredulous and they hoeome models 
 wliieli all desire to Imitate but (h* not succeed in doiiii^- so, 
 whorcver tlioy are founded for a charitahic object and are kepi: 
 UP by ilic si'M'-saeriHce and christian dcvolodncss of their 
 directors. 
 
 " What arc the c.iuses which havi' yielded and continue 
 to yield sucii woikU'I'I'iiI and satisfactory results in the schools 't 
 
 " .Vs a French writer said, they nniy be reduced to the four 
 foil )\vinu' : 1 rst tbe situation of the ostablisliment ; lind the 
 system under which the cliildrcn live and labour; :>rd the 
 spirit of discipline; 4th the (pialities of the teachers and of 
 t he directors. 
 
 •'1 would oulv sav a few \V( as regards the two latter 
 
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 (.'inist'rt, MS tlu?y Mi'f tlh' iiiosf iiii|toitiitir iiiid brst calfuliitt-d to 
 ])i'()Vt' that Hilly |n'i'S(His ill rcliiiious ordors or a tow rxoop- 
 tioiial hiyiucii aiv caiial)!!! ot" disidaviiiii" such dovoti'diicss, 
 and deep iVHTiiitiS nl' charity, and sudi kindness tdoliicrs. 
 In liic lirst phicc. as rcti^ai-ds tiic s|iirit of (liscijilino, — wh.il 
 <h) \vc sec. at tlio head ot each iiroiiji of children :• A In-othtT 
 Avho takes his share of the work, wlio sliows more ardour and 
 iiiori- slcill tiiaii tlie otliers who apply to him when they meet 
 any diflicnity, who ^'ives advice to those who hesitate, who 
 usrsists those who weaken ami who I'licourau'es tliosi who lai;'. 
 Instt'ail of a harassiiin-, morose an<l irritahle suporintoudcnt, 
 we have a i)C'rsou wdio shares the fatiii'iuv ol' the others, a 
 move ex[terionced hrothcr, an ohliii-inn- ami vott'd friend." 
 
 Later on in ]<S87 we lind in the report of the same ntHcers 
 ([taji'c 5'.i) the followim:': 
 
 If tl 
 
 vy go 111 a similar way 
 
 the "'iris reformatorv Oi.inii.n uC 
 
 till- h 
 
 il'l-tlH- 
 
 •liools kept hy the Xuns ol the (jood Shepherd at <inehec,,|| ,.^^. i,,,),,.. 
 and Montreal, there alsttlu'V will recotrni/o ami acknowlodu-o ";'•'' »■''•••'»"'•" 
 the iutluoiuH! ot reliii'ion on the dcTnupients : they will admire 
 the I'tMiiarkahle success of these school.-; and will s.ty of them 
 that there is one thin*"' to ho regretted and that is thai ihcre 
 is not a larger imud>er of children there. There are I'lioiigh 
 of them whom vicious and hi'arth'ss ]iarents ahandoii, give 
 scandal to and lead to certain ]ierdition. 'Phis is what is 
 iloiie to them and soon there will he hut the gaol for i-cfugc 
 )f the hand ot charity does not come to their assistance hy 
 ]M'ovidiiig religious instruction ti'ijm tlieiu, and (hies not turn 
 them from their evil ways hy means of good advice and 
 good I'xaniple, "' 
 
 " Is it the education of a family, in niostinstanees unknown, 
 which it is sought to suhslitute to that given hy these 
 admirahh" ins'.itutions of which we have just s[)oken and in 
 which the State has every possihle guanuitee that it is 
 worthily represented with the, children coiiHdod to them and 
 which it can control hy the yearly ins|»i'cti<Mis "r 
 
 It is permitted to helievo tliat whe:i this legislation was i,0Ki.iaii.m 
 introduced, the Oovernmeut was [>erhaps not aware of th(> ',',,,, rvio'iwom • 
 r.'ports made hv its oilicers and did not foresee all the draw- ""•'"'"'■"'""' 
 ha»'k;< which it wouhl meet in the carrvinu* out of the law. 
 
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 I stated jiisf now (hat llio lei>'islatioii of 1S0:3. \vlii<-li u'avi- tin- 
 rn»\in('ial Socivtaiy iHtwcr to (U'cidc, l»v liimscU, wlicii a 
 child sshoidd hi> .><ot at lihi-rty is coiitrai'v to all tlu' rfcoiii- 
 tiiciidatloiis iitadi! on many occasions l»y its own ins|>cctois. 
 
 'I'liosc who aiv charii'c I liy the < iovcrnniciit with the duly 
 of iusjicctinur these schools jiave constantly advised the 
 (Jovornnieiit to conic to an undtM'standini': with the diiector 
 oi- din'ctress of the sch(tol hetofe grant! ni»' the di.-*ehai'"e of a , 
 chil.l. 
 
 In the i'('itoi-t ot' li^OD. wc find tin- followinu" at i»aii-e IH I : 
 
 '■ Docs it not ajt|ieai' that it woidd he more |irn(h'nt to as|< 
 thc nireetor once evory <[uartcM'. or e.very six weeks tor a list 
 of the ehihlri'n who have distinijiiished tluTiHelves l.y their 
 ^•()od eondiicr. and to tfrant them, accordint;- to their merits. 
 from one to six months diminution of sentence. 'I'liis would 
 he a powerfid incentive, tn induct; th • ]»!iitils to h^-havc 
 themselves i»roj»erly : tiles.' rewards would also touch llu'ir 
 hearts to such an <'Xteat tluit they would not leave thcscho)! 
 without havinu' seriously amend(Ml their conduct. 
 
 •• It is evident that this line ot action would lie the most 
 just and the most likely to leail to i>'ood ivsults ; it woidd 
 tU)uhlothe ascendancy of the. manai-'inu' statt". which woii'd 
 exercise an extensive influence (»vt'r the hehaviour o| the 
 children, tor the hope of obtainiiii:- thi' promised reward. 
 w<add naturallv lead these children to reject everv thought 
 of failiiiii' ill their duties in the presence of those, who would, 
 in the near future, he the Juilucs of their hehaviour and of the 
 value and extent of tht'ir reward, or who might decide that 
 no favour was deserve(l." 
 
 In the fi'port of ISOI (pa^'e !•!») we find an expression of 
 opinion which h'aves no doid>i as t(» the intention of the ins- 
 pectors : 
 
 '• Ii lias been [iroved a tlioiisand times ov«'r, that pardons ru.wiv.Mi.n. 
 UTantedtoo soon and tooroadilv have invariahlv heen a cause IT, ""'"'' '."'^ 
 of misforttine to those whom it was intended to fav<ir. 
 
 .!;r.i Illicit 1 1 
 
 llMililV. 
 
 •• Such pardons sliouhl never he ii-ranti'd, without the |>re- 
 vious sanction and ajiproval of the Superior of tlie eslahlish- 
 ment, and in case hi- should deem it expedient to witliold 
 
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 liis coiisiMii. iiui until hiirh time as lie (tlic <rn'('tt«ir , tin- oiiK' 
 roinpctviit jddo-ciii siK-li iiijiltcrs, should (l.flnic tlu' timo 
 t>|»|.(irtnii('. Tlic |iiii'<louiiiii- of cliiltlicu in I In- rcfonnatorv 
 sfliools. wlicii uraiitcd lo(» soon and too readily, inipccjcs and 
 fOiii|iromiscs tlicir advanccnuMit. ' 
 
 AV't' Inivc no licsitalioii in dr.-lafini;- that the sysiomjnst 
 introdiicfd l»y which tlu' minist-'r is t-oiistitntcd sole judtft^ as 
 to the advisahility ot" dis.'haruini;- a iliild. will o-JVc a fatal 
 hhnv to the anth irily of tlKMliivclors and dircctrcssi'rfid' tho.Sf 
 schools. 
 
 Lttiis si'ooMlhr fintraiT wlitit i> i-oconinn-udfil l-v tlii' 
 iiis[K'ft(»rs who aiv tin- in .st c iniiKHcnt judsi\'s in tin-sc niat- 
 t»!rs wlu-n they s|»i'ak- of th,' dis.diariiV's when made in an 
 iiicoiisidoratc manner. K'epoit of ixs:',. |,. :t\,j 
 
 " Tiie law should also authorl/e the diivct(»is not to u-ivi- |.,.;„,„,.-,l 
 l»ack ivally rcl'ornied ehildivn to their i)aivnts when thcv juv '''''''"'" " ' '" 
 f'crtani tiiat sueh parents are di-unkards. prortin-ates or'" ""'"'Hii.v 
 ahandoned wouu-n. hceause returninu' them to sueh porsons ' "'"" 
 would evidently cause these unlcu-tunatos to relapso into 
 crlnio and place thom on the edo-e (tf rhc ahyss into which 
 their luiworthy parents wish to prccipitatt- tlicni om-o more 
 and further because it would render useless the expenditure 
 of large sums of money by the < Jov»'n.meut in favour of the 
 retorniation of these children ar..l sacrili-c the vears of car.' 
 and solicitude of those who havechar<i-c of the schools." 
 
 Further on. in the same n-port. they sav: 
 
 '' ft is above all necessary, that children who are in tin' 
 way of beiiii-- rotonned, should Ik- maintained in their g-ood 
 dispositions; they must be preseived troiu the dauiii'r of bad 
 example and bad company and assi-^ted until they hav*' sutH- 
 ciont streni>-th and have lived honestly lon«>- enoui^h to be 
 a]»leto walk alone in the [lath of honour an<l (bitv."' 
 
 In his rep(»rt of 1884, Inspector De.sauliners said :_ 
 '• A great many children, young boy.-^ and girls, have been 
 reformed by the.se schools ; it may even be .said that (»ver NO 
 per cent luive ))een entirely reforme<l. If some of this number 
 have relapsed into evil ways, this misfortune luis generallv 
 beon due to Mie inadecpnite protection given them and the 
 alinost eompi' te statt' ot aliandonment in whicli they find 
 tliemselves ou leaving selioftl. " 
 
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 1 iiiiu'lit ritt' otlicr (iiiiiiioiis i>t' ikm'sohs wlio liiivo 
 ill'Vntcd tllflllSt'IVl'S to (lie fJlMSC o|' tllCSl' iiiilordiiiiitfs wliosc 
 I'mIc wc ;irc Mow coiisidiM-iliti- ;iii<l w ho liii\ c [iI'oI'ouikIIv stildictl 
 llic siiliji'ct :itiil liiivf lti'(|U('ii(lic(l to llii'sc wlio t;iki' :iii 
 iiitfrcsf ill this iiiiittcr. works oT coiisiihTiihlc iiiiin'iiitii<h'. \\\c. 
 
 I'l'SllIl ol jollo- ('\|lCM'il'IICC. 
 
 I |iiv1c'r to (•oiiliiic niysclf fo what I tiiid in tlic olliriiil 
 docniiuMits iiiid I hiivc incl tho ohjcctioiis whidi I roidd 
 I'orfscH' hy iiioiuis of the iufoniiiitioii olttiiiiicd iVoiii tiiiif 
 soiifcc. I tiioii^ht I should l>iisi' iiiy iii'ii-iiiiu'iitsoii llic ojiiiiion 
 ;iiid ri'|ioris of tiio olliccrs who ciijoy tli(^ coiiliih'WiT (tf the 
 < !o\cniiiH'iit. 
 
 As we h:i\i' )il-l x'L'li 1)\- till' cxtniffs ;iho\r (iIIoUmI. thi' , "V'"'"" "f 
 
 . . , , . ■ lii-|pc'i-lor< 
 
 o|iiiiioii of the iMsji.'ciors of houses of ih'ti'iition is oiitiri'lv in riouii.Mc i.. 
 fiivour o|' oiii- inuMiiiiciil ; their o[iiiiioiis nri' ours, thoir 
 iii!iiiii(>r ofjiKlgiiig iiiid iipiireciiitiiii;- thiii-i-s e :-iiu'idos \vith 
 ouis. Mild to eoiuhat our itru-miu'uts it umst he (h'chuvd that 
 the reports of thi- inspeetors whose expenses arc paid by the 
 rro\iiice, have no weisi'ht wliatever and tliiit such inspeetions 
 iire iin uiiueeessarv expense. 
 
 Tlie diivetresses of the schools art- aeeused of kceimi-- " "''""''''J 
 tlie eliildreii and ol desiring- to miiieeessarilv proloii"' their 
 eojiHtieiuent for the sordid iiioti\e of inakiiin- more nujiiev. 
 1 will not stop to refute that oharge which is as unfounded 
 us it is unjust. J will simply say that as tlie Sisters of the 
 (lood Shepherd have devoted themselves to the work of 
 refoiTiiiny (duldreii. they wish the work they have done to 
 proiliiee fruits, that the money spent lor .'Javiiig tlieso children 
 from moral I'uin he not needlessly s[ient : they desire thiit 
 children t-xposed to return into the same sphere where 
 they were found, he protected for a lonu'er time until thev 
 have aerpiired enough strength, liave lived an honest life 
 long enough to he able to walk sately in tlio path of honour 
 and (hity. This maimer of judging the ipicstion is the only i-in-c nmn- 
 truc one and it is hased on the opini(jn ot those who are an l'or,'e,!l!,'ui! '.'','". 
 authority (.n tiie subject. I wdl now go further and sav that^'r/,'?;'',''''','''';. 
 the statistics wiiich give the nnmlier of children disidiai'ired •"'' •''''»! i.-^. 
 iVom the St. ("hiirles school of Quebec and the ciuises of their 
 discliarge sliow that, last year, for the period extending from 
 the month ot .\[invh IS't;^ to the month of Mar. -h iSO.'l. the 
 
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 miiiilicr of iliscliaricc^ tVuin tlir L't'loincitoiT iiml tVtuntlu- 
 Iiidii-trial ScIum.Is \v;is S4 iiml ol'llii-; iiiiiiiIm'I' lil, tli:it is J.'» 
 |ifi' fi'iif well- (lis(liiii-<;:i'(| licr.irc tlic cxiiinit.ifni ot'tlicir time, 
 :it tlic rt'(|iit'st. <.r till' hircctivss i.l' the Sdionl ulm ha I 
 siM'cccdccI ill |ila<'iiii:' lln-iii in safety. 
 
 T'lit. w »• ai'c tdld lliat uc rffiiscd to obey llic onlci' ot' tlic 't'i'"-«'i t.> 
 rroviiK-ial Sc.-rcfaiT or<lc'fiiiij us. on tlu- JOtli .laimarv 189;!, ""iiiiii''iii<LMi 
 
 to liiiiid o\ci' l*'\a I.al>oiit<' to Xa|Mili'()ii Moi'iii. and tliat a ^' 
 
 tlircatcnini;- Icllcr was i'c(|nlrcd to make lis oltt-y. To that we 
 answer tliat. as dii'i'ri icsscs of a lioiisc of dctiMition. we wci'f 
 ol(lii>t'ii to confonii to the law : (hat. in'cxioiis to last session, 
 llic law rt'i|iiircd that every order for a diseliar<>-e he given 
 hy the liieiit<'iianl-( io\-eriior : that |>ositi\<' orders from file 
 Provincial Soeretai-y. dated the Jiid Anjinst ISSO, stated thai 
 ehildren eonfiiK-d in the >eli(i(.l should he diseliar<i-ed only on 
 ord;'i' of tlie l/ieittenaiit-( !o\crnor when the |>crio(l has not 
 e\|(ired (See dociinieiits .V. I>. ('.annexed.) 
 
 As Eva Lahonti'-'s term liad not e.vpired and the oi'der foi- 
 lior diseliarge made no • 'iitioii of any order in (•omiell, we 
 had to reliise to o-ix-e her iip. ..\s the Department t()(d< iiiioii 
 itself tlie res|ionsihility of the discdiai'in'e hy u second let tt-r 
 dated the Jdtli .laiiiiary. we eom|ilied wifli that order as we 
 Were no loMcjei- resp 'iisilih'. 'i'liere wa> tln'refore no 
 nnwillino-lcss on the part of the directresses of the s«diool ; 
 their rondiict was (|uitc reu'iilar, that nl the !><'partment was 
 not. 
 
 1 have exposed the (pu'sti .ii I>y ii'ivin<i' an analysis of llie 
 law ill its most •aliciit [x.ints ; I liavi' shown the ohjections 
 to the exislinu- system and onr doubts as to its elHeieiiev. I 
 have Iiiit to eommnnieate to you the results of tlu> len'islatioii 
 of 1S!)2 iiiidrr tlie idi'as which inspired it. The i)ietiire is a 
 sad one and the story of liicsf unfortniies is sometimes 
 painl'ul to relate. 
 
 What \\v ari' alioiit to tell are facts in all their sorrowful rn.-..in<"ni«ii- 
 
 realitV. c-.-s r.-s„l.in- 
 
 Iriiiii oerhiiii 
 
 1. On the loth ^^ay 1S!)l', Dhuu'he Aiirore X au'ed »..i'kin,i? I'l'iie 
 
 harely !•, was dis(diar<i'e<l hefore the expiration of her period 
 of detention, and was handed over to her ,i>rand father and 
 grantl mother, her only interested relatives, she was of 
 
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 iiisiiltord'uiiilt' and vi»'iitiirt rliiinicti'i' wIkm in contiift witli 
 otliiT cliildi'cii. Tlio sii|u'rior('ss of tlu' asyliiin inlni'nu'il llu' 
 lK'|tailiiK'iit of till' si-riuus t-lU'cts of <liscliai_u:iii<i' llic <'liil<l, 
 tilt' (laiii;:oi' of lior bi'liiir K»st, i't»., I>nt noaiinwi'i' was lyivni to 
 tlu'si' olMcrvutioiirt. Her old jijraiid parents i-anio 'ionu- wt'ck- 
 after and coinpliiiiu'd to tlu' HUp ■ ioivss that tliov wd'e in 
 tlcspair aliont tin- <*liild, tluit tlu'V .'onid no lonu'cr cxtTi-isc 
 any conti'ol ovi'r lici', tlmt licr only idea was to i'sca|n' and 
 rnii al»ont the stn'cts. wlndi slic still docs. 
 
 ± On tlu'.'JOtli May 1892, Marie Lonise X a.^ed 1:5, 
 
 eriii|tled and iieaf, was dis('liar<^e<l. An aunt ol»taiiUMl her 
 diselnirge troni tlie («overnniei>t on false iin-tenees ; she took 
 the ehild with luT into a disorderly Intiise. Ue[»resi>ntiiti()ns 
 were made in time to tin- Department hy the snpcriore 's of 
 the Asylum as to the sad late which would hcfall thi' ehihl' 
 Moreover the child was intirm ami for that reason alone I In- 
 law allowed the extension of her period of confim'ment. hut 
 no lieed was paid either to the danjj;er of immorality nor to 
 the intii'mity ; the iliseliartve was maintaiueil. Later on the 
 child coniplained to the supei'ioress of the ill-ti'i'atment sin- 
 was mad(- to undei'"() to induce- her to c uiimit evil. 
 
 :5. On the L'Tth June, I'liilomenc- X a.ii(-d 10, left 
 
 aft(-r tin- i-xpirption of lu-r term. She was wickt-d and 
 ditlicult til manage; tli - c ):itiiiu:ilio:i of Inr «'ontinement 
 was applied for and refused. Shi> was pla<-ed out in servi<-t' 
 liuf runaway twice, she- is now on the streets, 
 
 4. On the llth didy, 1802, Marie Louise X a,i;-cd S, 
 
 of iusul)f)rdinate eharacti-r. The pr(-vious refu.sals pn-vcnled 
 any attempt at lurther r(>pro.sentations. 
 
 '). Delima .\ , aji'ed 7, disehari>'cd on the oOth ;\nnMist ; a .•! ii.i ..r 7 
 
 she was ot instinctively immoral character, vicious and Inid ^^Jii'i'",,!',!,','",,','"^' 
 no reliiti\i's. Xo one kn(»ws wher*- the mother is. tor a |on<>'"'',> i""''"' *" 
 
 , ■ IllKC rli:c III 
 
 time : she is helieved to he a lost woman. ii<"i'- 
 
 The child was on the streets tor several weeks, going from 
 one p<»lice station to another. Protection was refused her hy 
 the mayor; the Govoniiiient always refused to contimi*- 
 her term of confinement notwithstanding weighty reasons ; a 
 lady tried to take her hut had to put her out at the end of 
 foui' davs. She would still he on the streets were it not for 
 
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 lli«' fliiirify of lilt' SiistiTs (if tlic (Jood Slu'plicrd, who ('(Mi- 
 .M'iit»M| to take luT Wiirk lit'ciiiist; till' 'liiM luid no lioiiu' liiit 
 till' strcotH. Wlioii she cnmoto tla'asyliiin slu* waH t'xliaiiHtod. 
 Sjii> had rtlc|it for two ortlirtu- nitjflitsoii the woodoii <:;uard- Tiu- .ImM 
 
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 iicMs ol the |>ii|ico station and Ik'<;i;«m1 Ikt tood from tin- ,,1^1,1, j, ,, 
 1 ml ill', |.Mi.«.ii(i..'. 
 
 This sad story shows what |irocaiitions should bo takt-n 
 licfoi'i' li'iantin!; a discharur. When the Department ifranls 
 a disehariif it shoiiid ascertain whether the parents, ijiiMrd- 
 ian or tutor will Ito there to roeeive the ehild ; it is absolute- 
 ly neeessary that steps be taken to hand lu'r over to those 
 persons. 
 
 In a christian ami fivili/ed society, the ease of I),'Iini;i .V. 
 should not 1»e repeateil. 
 
 t'l. Alliertii \., ai;'ed 12, <lischarL!;e<l tin the 15th Septem- 
 ln'r. sick and intirni ; no one will take her lor that i-eason ; 
 she is without protei-ti<in and still without a place. Tuder 
 the law her inlirniity authoii/ed the extension of hcM- term ot' 
 conlinement. 
 
 7. Anninda X , a^'.'d 7, [larents unknown, term not 
 
 expired, discharged on the 20th S 'ptendi/r. 'i'he unlortunale 
 iiiolhci- of this ilU'i>-itinnUe child jiassed herself off as her 
 s stci' and as such <'laimed the ehild at the Department. In- 
 loiiuation was asked by the latter and accurately y'ivi n by tin- • 
 
 -uperioress. This did not however pr.'ve:il th.' mo Iier from 
 
 . minn' on that very day t'» the asylum with a formal order 
 from (he (Jovernment lo dischar<;e the chihl. 
 
 8, Blanche X , a'j,\' I 7, dischar<;ed «>:i the 18th 
 
 (>ctobei', at the expiration of her term. This child had, with 
 ditliculty, been removed tVom the baiu'fiil Inlliu'ucc of hei- 
 mother who Was a drunkard ; she was handed over to Icr 
 mother and has no diic to protect her. 
 
 J). Azilda X , aged 10, dischart-vd on the 8th No- 
 vember, term Mot exjiired. insubordinate character, no explan- 
 ations iiiven. 
 
 10. KmmaX. parents iiidvnown, aged 14, disehargt'd ^ 'i'''' !'•'- 
 
 . ' vcs ill'.' rt'liir- 
 
 011 28th March, 1892. Could not bo placed out owing to liermntorytoi/oto 
 
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 vieion.s conduct and msul)ordinate tdiaracter hehire tlit'..,„._ 
 month of June. 
 
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 ]lvv iiijisU'is tioui licr a\v:iyso(iii at'tfi'. Slio rliani-'r*! itlaces 
 scvi'ial times and finally took to tlic strtH't on whit-li slir 
 was a \ii<i'i'aiit t'oi' three \vei*l<s. 
 
 The |.oliee tiiiallv plaeed hei- at the Hotel Dieii until she 
 could liiid a plai-e: after a eoiiiile of weeks the polieo took 
 her from the Hotel l)ieu to pristtn. It is im|tossihle to jmt her 
 in the Ivoforinatory : the (fovernniont \vishor< to «^eonomi/o, 
 llie mnniei|tality w ill not assume eliar<j;e of hi'r as the law 
 i'e(|uires : then who will i>a;.- the eost of her im|U'isoninent 
 and niainteiuiUiH' ? It costs lio cents a day at the]irison; it 
 Would cost 18 at tlu' Ivcfoi-niatoi-y. The chihTs nuuals must 
 he luotoetod : why then send lier to ii'aol in ]>retorenee'r 
 
 11. Amanchi X disehari>'e<l on the 22nd Xovemher, Amcn.ia x... 
 
 ... . 1,1 ' 1 !• I 1 i- 1 Si^P" "1' l'> I'll 
 
 VICIOUS uielniations, ha<l character, mother disonlerly. latlu'r uiiwiiiiiy 
 a contirmed (lrind<ard. lie|iresentations were made without'"'""' 
 success to ohtain the continuation of her im]»risoiiiiU'nt : a 
 sist«'r of hors i-anio for her at th(> asylum with an ordor lor 
 her discharii'e: that sister was luxler the iuHuence of li(|Uor. 
 
 What con<'lusions are wo to <1 raw from the facts I have l»f:f«t,< oi 
 
 till! >\-l<'lll. 
 
 just placed heforo you? They are mimerous and not to detain 
 y( u too loiii>- 1 will mention those which seem to u\o to hv 
 the most important. 
 
 1. Too young children have heen replace! ii\ tht> sphere c; i .ii^n-.'-.it 
 
 ,.',,'" 1 1 1 . I 1 1.1. Ill; lo litil 
 
 li'om winch they were drawn. tluM>'l»y exposins;' tliem to lose ^i,,.,.,,,,,,,!!,,^,... 
 the tVuit ot the sacririces made to pivvent them from hcing 
 contaminali'd. I'y so doinsi' the Department has ♦•ompliod 
 witli the letter hut not with tlu' *piiit ot the law. Tlu-se draw- 
 hacks show once more the necessity there is tor ehaniiiui!," 
 nur lei>'islat!on. 
 
 2. Willi a \icw to economv and to renu'dv what was iti'initis i.i 
 
 ' , ' |)i'ip|i)nx fciii- 
 
 thouu,'ht to he an ahuse, the Department has, in soiiio cases, iLioim-nt ..■ 
 shortened, in an imprudent DUinner the term of detention oi 
 some derni(pie-;ts without consultin_ii' the directress ot t!ie 
 s(diool and s<>mctinies against her most ur-^eid, representa- 
 tions: in others, tlu're was urgeid necessity for ])roloniiin if 
 the teiin of eoidinemont of some children especially when 
 iiijiriii i\v .sir/:, Ihit, for rea.sons which we i«>'nore, the Depart- 
 ment has refused t(» avail itself of the law lo favour these 
 unforlmiates. 
 
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 ". Sotuo discliiU'n'cs liavi' bocn onlcivd widiotit takiiiti' tlii' i!'''""-*''' 
 iKM'ossai'v iii't'ciUitioiis fitlicr t<) IiuikI ovit (lio cliildix'ii to »;iii<>u- iu.e<- 
 tlK'ir itaroiitsur tutors ciiiiiihlc^ of siipportmi; tlu'in oi- iiitoii,,,,.. 
 tlio hands of ri'sponsildc' jiersoiis disposed to imilortakc tlu'ir 
 (•ai"<- and odiication, tlicri-liy, cxposiiiii- tln'sr children to he 
 al»an(htn('d and even to hcins:,' w ithout shchfi'. 
 
 4. ThtM'epi'cscntations made l»y tlic ilii'ccti'css ot" th*' si-liool x.. lari i< 
 
 1 I - 1 • ' • ^ 11 ^'ivcii 111 ifiiic- 
 
 havc not always Ixtii taken nito account ; it avouim sccni as.emiii..n- „r 
 if it were tliouirlit t lat she could not iiavc any other motive!'""''"""" 
 tliaii to improve the iinaneial position of her estaliii>linu'nt, 
 
 Ai)i)lications liave hoon matle since tlie list Mav last. At Ai.-..:iiii- 
 
 ' ' . ..." MI|.ll.Sii.l| III 
 
 K'ast twenty cases liave occurre<l in wlTn-li children should :iiiiiii5-i.i:i. 
 liave hceii sent to the school; steps ■wore taken hut witlutut 
 success. The |)ersoiis rci'usi-d \\i.'W iK.tt without importance. 
 We are int'oriii"d liy Rev. Mr. IJelanji'or. 'ure of" t. liodi, that 
 lie hiinselt', throuiili the police ma iiistrato, solicited the admis- 
 sion of a child to the <i>uehec liKhistrial Scliool h)r very 
 special and serious reasons. Ife w;is refused like tlie others. 
 
 To show the williuii'ness of the Nuns in the midst of these rnvesiiaa- 
 difln-ulties. they submitted, without comi>laint, to tiie species cii.h.io.Si.i,,,,,!. 
 of investiiiation which it was soiiyht to make ahont their 
 aH'airs, contrary to Ijiw. to verify the correctness o|' tlieir 
 reports. 
 
 Tnformation wliich coiihl liave Ijceii ohtained hy eorres- li.viulnciin- 
 ])ondeiuH' with the buperioress or ht. Lluu.es .Vsyhim or,,,,„;,i b,. 
 throuii'li the inspector, was sought for hy scndini>- a ,v»>nng','',| j'^'p' J/j.V^^^^^^ 
 man who wasnotauth(M'ized hy order in Council as lie slionld '''''• 
 have Ikhmi done To jndii'e hy his C(Mi(hicl lie had neithi-r 
 the ahility, tlu" discernment nor the prudence necessary t(» 
 ]>erf<)rm a mission as ditticult as it was delicatv'. For over 
 a week the children were questioned in a more or less discreet Ai. iinexpe- 
 maiiner hy tliis Ci,>mmissioiier. He did not liesitati' diirin <;•„„,„ u -"em i» 
 liis iiKpiiry to run the lisk oi'awakinu: in these yonnii- minds ;,l^','[|]-','j|]'"' 
 
 the almost extinguislied ri>collection of shameful acts which"' 
 
 occurred yours ago and which it would have boon better for 
 some of these young offeiuh'is to liave left forever in ob'ivioii. 
 
 Forgetful ot his duties and of tho respect due to a lady, ii« r.igeis 
 the Superioress of the school then present, he pushed indis-|j,'",',*g*."'"','^', 
 civtion, (T nrniht use a harsher ternO so far as to make one '■"•>• 
 
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 of tlic iinuiitt's ii'latf the iii(lc'('«'nt assiiiill wliidi Iht iiiisciji- 
 l)le fiitlicr liiul coiiiinitlcd oii her itcrsoii. 
 
 I will Ki\\ no iiioro on that siil/n'ct to <|n:ility llw acts ami 
 ilccds of tliat g't'iitU'iiiaii. Tliosf wlio lioai' mo will atlinit, 
 that if no ciyiiiii' iiijii.stict' has liccn conuuittctl. no (lo('|t himii- 
 liation inliiclefl *>n wonicn, then' has ccrtainlv lu'on an iiic- 
 UMilaritT and a groat iiu[)nidoncc to say no niort-. 
 
 ILas confnh'nco hcon lost in tlu'si' Xuns who, if they liavf 
 dis|ilay('d too inuch zoal. havo doni' so thi'on<i-h lov«^ o* their 
 noiu,hl)oMrs an;l to ivliovo the misfortnnes of tlntsc who are 
 ahandoned hy all oven l)y their fathers and mothers ? If not. 
 why these iii([nir!es and ail thoso irresiMilai' itroeeedin<>'s ! 
 
 The Insneetor of these rdiools has not, to onr knowledtr*-, '''"' '""l"'- 
 tailed m Ins duty, lie, a man of exporioneo and taet.aiid eoiild i.ic.|,.i' |.fiM.ii 
 have "'i von the Govornment all the infornnitioii it re(|nireil '""*'"''"'■• 
 withont hnrting- any one's feolintfs. \Vc tee) that if we have 
 erre<l we have aeto<l in iiood faith and that onr conduet. 
 whatever may be the reasons for critiei/inu; it, should not have 
 made ns lose the respect and eontidenee of the (loverinnent 
 which has confided to ns a difHciilt mission to which we 
 devoted ourselves withont considerinii' the extent of the 
 sacritieo askt-d t»f us. 
 
 We were almut to nuike g-reat improvements in onrlletor- ifi'-- t;iti..n i.. 
 matory and industrial hchool l»y devotin^r a eonsulerahle viMneuK. 
 portion (»f our oeononilos ett'ected at tin- cost ot many |>riva- 
 tions and of arduous labour, and now wo are stopped by this 
 new leg-islation ; our hesitation is such that after having pni- 
 chascdthe Marine Hospital \voar(> debatini;' whether we have 
 not gono too fast and whether all these changes, tho.--.c inquiries 
 are not premonitory signs (tf an order which will soon be 
 >erveil up(»n us to close our doors to thoso whom we have f* 
 
 hitherto snecoun^d and whom we mn:it abandon U> their 
 miserable biti'. 
 
 In eoui'hision we respectfidly submit : 
 
 1. That the application nunle of the law in force ,ip to t'..ii.iii«ii.n. 
 ISO.', has been an errorneons application which has led toiv',i.'"'' "^'" 
 serious abuses which must be remedied. 
 
 2. That the discharges should be eonti'olled by a commis- 
 sion consisting of the Inspi'ci.trs of Ivelbrmatoiy and Indns- 
 
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 trial scIiooIh and luvsidod )»y llic» I'roviiicial Srcivtarv. 'I'liis 
 (•<nninissioii should meet ovt'iy tliivo or six uioiitlis and 
 olitain ovcry int'ornjaliou bt-toro ordoriiiii' Ji discliarifc 
 
 •■I. Tlio provision in (lio old law l»y wliicli the discliaru-f 
 was i'flb('t*'d by an order ut the l/u'ntcnant-Ciovcrndr slioidd 
 Ih' n'storc'd. 
 
 4. The h^i^islation wiru-li gives tlic Provincial St-crctarv 
 llic power to ]ib«'rate tlie (diildren or to plae- tliem ont with 
 families on sucdi eonditions as lu> pleases sbonld beabolislied 
 and the eounniHsion above mentionod mig-ht Ite anthori/A-il 
 to come toun understanding with the divoetors of the various 
 schools as t(» placing out the childreu. ' 
 
 5. The present law should be ai.iended so as to favour the 
 admisiiion into tlic Reformatory and Industrial Schools of the 
 children of vicious, dishouest and drunken parents. 
 
 t!. To protect children exi>osed to become vagrants tlic 
 moral sense of municipalities must not be relied on and coii- 
 scpiently art. 3140 (5o-5(; Vict., chap, -li)) should be amended 
 s»o as to allow the mayoi- ol' a municipality to use the powers 
 conferi'ed on him bv this iirticic without iv((uirin<>- the 
 authorization of his council. 
 
 7. The judges who pi'eside at criminal terms should have 
 power to send to Reformatory and Industrial schools the 
 young children of persons sentenced for criminal offences and 
 this at the expense of the municipality in which they reside, 
 when it appears by the trial that these persons have com- 
 mitted outrages or assaults on tlu-ir children, or when the 
 i'ondiU't of the fathers, or motheis, or other persons bavin n' 
 charge of them is so viciousor disorderly that there is reason 
 to fear for theeducation ofthese childivn. This i)Owcr should 
 be exercise<l by the judge either /iniftr'a iitotn or at the 
 recpiest of the Attorn«'y-General or his representative, or on 
 that of a rate-payer residing in the district in wliich the 
 Criminal Court sits. 
 
 8, The magistrate exercising the powers conferred on him 
 either by tlie law governing Ileformatory Schools «.r that 
 governing Industrial Schools should have the power to con- 
 tine the children in either of such schools. 
 
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(Sk.m I)) J. A. CHARLEPOIS, 
 
 Sj)i'r!,ll 1/ ililllnti'iZiil li'f till- 
 
 Sisli fs III I III ( I null Sfi^jil'i I'll . 
 
 <iiul.fc. ■1\H]\ M:iivli. ISlt:!. 
 
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 — 28 — 
 
 Tli(^ onlcr slioiild Iti' oxofUtory at oiici', Imt the luaiu'istratr 
 should M'\\{\ lo the I'i'oviitcial Srcri'tarv tlic tiill rccttid <>l" 
 tin- case with llu' »'vi(lcii('c iiiid flic ix-asmis lor tii\ iiiu,- tli 
 onlcr. Tlic I'roviiifial Si'ci't'taiT iniiiflil liavf tlic |»o\\'(.!r t 
 irvisc tliiil ordci'iii till' cvi'iit oftln' iiis]M'ctoro| tlicsc s(;li()ols 
 r<'|iortiiig tlint tlic ivasons arc not suflicii'iit and in siudi casi- 
 llic di'cisioii ol" tlic rioviiicial Secretary slioidd l»c notified !<> 
 tlie Miasi'istrafes ami directors ot" the school an<l he in writinji' 
 with a statement ol ihe reasons. Within the i'inht days 
 IVoin the sending of such notice the child shonld he retnrned 
 lo its parents or |iiotcctor> who would he anienahlc to ii line 
 it" they lelnsed to come lor it. 
 
 !'. 'i'he a<;'e at which children arc to leave [ndnslrial 
 Schools shonld he Idas lor IJct'ormatorv s(diools. 
 
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APPENDIX A. 
 
 PR(>VrN('lAI. SKCUETAIJVS DKI'ARTM KNT 
 
 (iiiclM.,-. iNlili .Fiuiuiiiy. \S\r.\. 
 
 Ukvkhexi) Sistkr Dikkitiik.ss, 
 
 .In<lnstrijil ScIjooI, (^m'Jn'i*. 
 
 .Miiil'i III. 
 
 I ain diivcfetl l»y tlio I'l'oviiu'iiilSi'oivtarvJOiiiitlitniz*' voii 
 t(i liaiid over to Nfr Xa|M)|iM>n Aforiii liliK-ksmitli »»t" Si. 
 IvuphiU'I, comitv of J5clloclia^<-si'. Eva Lal)Miit.'. i>t' QucIxt-. 
 (•niiflm'tl ill your liidiistria! Sdiool siiici' the Iiltli Dcct'iiiltta' 
 IH'.H. 
 
 I liavc llii" lioiKiiir ti> Iti' 
 
 ^'oul• (ilu'diciit sci'vaiif, • 
 
 (Sioiic.l) .lOS. IJOTVrN', 
 
 Assistant Provincial, Secretary. 
 I.S. \\ V. 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 I'ROVIXCIAL SKCKF/rAin'S DEI'Airr.MKNT 
 
 Qiiolicv, 2<)tli .Taimary, ISO;]. 
 
 IIkVKHK.Mi SlsTKlt nilSKCTIlKSr*, 
 
 Industrial Sdiotil. (^»ticl)cc. 
 
 JJiiifiinu 
 
 !Mi'. Na])olcon Moiiii reports a( tins otlicc that yon ivfiisc 
 to hand Eva Lahontc over to Iiini in accordanoo witli the 
 instiuctions contained in uiy letter of the 2i>th January I8O0 
 and that you require an order from His Ifonour the Lieuto- 
 uant Governor. In view of these faets, the HononrabU- 
 Provincial Secretary directs me to inform you that His Honou r 
 is absent trom the capital for a tbrtni_sj,'ht and that the order 
 cannot bo obiainod before the expiratiou ot" that delay. 
 
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 If vdu do lint ooinjily villi tlir onlfr <,'iv»'H yon on (lie 
 2»!tli of tliin iiiontli, yon '.vill not be |>ni<l f<n' the hoanl of tlmt 
 t'liild tr<.>ni ill*' LMitli instiint until mIic is trH<"liiirgi'<l. 
 
 I liiivc ilh' liononi', ('!<■. 
 
 ^^llll• o'M'iliciit si'i'vunt, 
 (sii.n<Ml) JOS. Dl'MOXT, 
 
 At'tinj; AsslHtiint I'lovinyiiil Sei-n'turv. 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 l'H()VrN(!K OK (,»rKUKC! I 
 Si;('urrrAi!v's Oiikk ) 
 
 Mildilill, ' 
 
 lii'fi'rriny to yonr Ictlcrof tin' :i»;rli .Inly lust, I Inive the 
 liononr by or<l('i' of tlio Uonoiu-iibk' Provincial S.'civtiiry to 
 inform yon tba! rbildivn conlinoil in tin- sflioo! uiv not to 
 be (liscliuru'C'd without an onlci' iVoni tlio T/uMittMiant 
 (irovernor wIumi tlioic time lias not cxpiivd. 
 
 I bavc tlic honour, I'tc. 
 
 I'll. J. -lOLKMKrU, 
 
 Assislant S 'cr.'tai'y. 
 IJkv. SrsTKii Si'-Loris in; C}o\za(11i:, 
 
 llospico St-(/liark's. (Jncbcc. 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 A'-f of l<(-st. seiision fimttrrliH/ tm tin- Prnriii'-lnl Sfrifhir;; 
 llif I'limoriliiiiiri/ jhhivi's mt'ntiohe'l in the in'in in il. 
 
 .-.0 VICT. CAR XXX. 
 
 An Aft to anu'iid the law rcdpectinij,' Industnal School*. 
 
 ER MAJESTY, by and with th« advice and (.'onscnt ot 
 the T tyislaturo of Quebec, enacts as follows : 
 
 H 
 
 I. The foUowinji; article!.! are added after article 8157 ol'.\,iic!c»< a.id..! 
 
 alter II. S., 
 
 the "Revised Stiitnlos : 
 
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 ••;*ir>7.'. 'I'lir ri«i\iiicl;il Sccivmrx miiv.iit auv tiuio, oi'dtT ''•""' 'o" 
 
 ,.,,... . • * ' rrov.iu'i il 
 
 iiiiv cluld (Ictiimcil 111 nil iii.lusti'ial scliool to be pliioc'tl. on s>. •etuv n,,' 
 
 .. 1 I'i" 1 1 11 1 . • •.! clii'ili'cn 111 I • 
 
 siu.-li loiHlitioiis as lie sliall (U'tci-mino, witli a person or j,:ape,i .nr. 
 family of ics|u'ctaliiliry and Avortliy of confiden^-e ^vho 
 coiisiMits to it'cciw. iV'cd, maintain and lodsi'c liim in a 
 siiifal'lc iiianncT. 
 
 '• {JS5T/). Ill tlu' t-asi's mciitioiK'd in section 4 of tlu- aei .Vpi.iimii. n «r 
 .).:>-.)() \ letona. eiiaiitei- 29. the rrovineial Secretary mayiriie> k. .v>- 
 also ni-dcr lliat tlie eliild. instead of l.eino- transferivd to aii^'"^y"'- ""' 
 industrial scliool. sliall In' |i!aee(l out as indieafed in article 
 
 •• tiHiti; 'I'lic I'lYiViiieial Seeretary may, in bis disen^tion, <" iM iim.\ i« 
 
 , ,• 1 1, iiMii'i- II" 1 iflit'feil in 111 
 
 at any lime ord-^r fliat any .--mdi ebild be relieved trom tbe oi.iii^jii.n mm- 
 oliliyafioii of liviny; with the persons or families with whom 'It'''-'"'''''*' 
 lie lias lii'cii so ]ilaeed. 
 
 ■• JII.17'/. The time diii'iim' whieh a ebild is absent from •'<•.; i.iii hm 
 
 1 11 1 1 ■• 1 1^ • • 1 . . •" imii'il ii' 
 
 tiie seliool. uikU'I' an order oi the 1 rovincnd N'orotary. is imit diiiis 
 eoiisidiTiMl as an inteo'ral portion ol the term .>f bis con- *'"""'"■""■"'• 
 liliemeiit. 
 
 :5 
 
 •••^l«>/('. A enild. who escapes ironi the bouse ot the \M'»t is «oii- 
 ■ 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 mI( r.'tl lit iiii 
 
 person v,itli whoni Ik' is phic d luider siicli an order, orroii*. 
 who refuses to r(>tnrn i:o the school after the caiu'ellinii' of 
 the onbr. or on the exiiiry of lli(> tei-m fixed therein, is 
 considered as liavin!^' escapeii from tlu- school. 
 
 •• ;?!"»7/'. NotbiiiL;' is due the directois of a school for tlie iiimi u!" m 
 board and maintenance of a child from tin reception ot the l'j'„|'"Jl* ',',', •','' 
 order ot' tbe rroxincial S\'creta.y and diirin<j^ the time tlie ""'"'"'' '"'• 
 child rcuiains out oi' tbe s"hool nnder such order." 
 
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 i?. 'Ihi< act shall conic into fort'c on tbe (biv ot its; sane- Comin;/ i,,i. 
 
 tion. 
 
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.][ii(lr h,/ Alili,'- 15. r>i:ii\ii;n. C/i'ijihnt, nf l/ui ('innrnl i i' //.,: 
 ll'.n'l Sin jih, r,l ill (Jiijii.r. mi thr 'I^Ul. Jfiirrl' 1S!>:',, lir/hm 
 the Jli.iiOiii I'll III r J'^xiriitiri' ('miiicil «/ //"' I'rurinri: nf 
 (Jilrli.r. 
 
 IIiiMMi! Aiii.K ( )i:.\i'i.i:.\ii:n-. 
 
 Ml" Cliiirlclioi- ha- sliow h _\ oil \vlial llir laws wcrr wliicli 
 _i;'<»\Tni Uoronaatorv and liidiisti-iMl Si-liooU ciglit or ti-n 
 \•e:l^^ ui-o. tlic cliniiii'ts niailc in tlu-ni siiu'*- tliiif i\atv iiiitl 
 fspccially tilt" Mniciuiint'iits ni:i(l(' in lSil2. lie lias also sliowod 
 vuii Imw iln'sc laws ]ia\f wnrkod since tli'si- anit'iidincnts. 
 
 \<>u iiiav lijivr,i)lis('rvc(l, ^-LMitKiiR'n. tlni! iftlifrcaro ithnscs 
 in llic applK'ution oi' these laws, the reniedie- which liavt' 
 lifcn souu'lit I'tu' the e\il Iia\c Car from offocted a euro, l>iit 
 that, on the contrary, these renuMlies iiave caused so violent a 
 comniotion in the work of reronnatorv and indnstrijil schools 
 that they are threatene<l witii destruction. 
 
 When' is the fault at present ! Is it in the hiw and in tlie 
 false interprotation and application of the law '. Is it dm' to 
 the lact that the cost of maintaining- the chihlreii has in a 
 ,!i'ivat measiirt' hceii impo>ed on the iniinicipalliti<'s? lam 
 inclined to Ixdieve that it is due to all tlire*' of the ahove 
 causes. The remarks nnide l»y Mr Ciiarlehois arc very deal' 
 and the facts he has pointed out spejik for thcmst ncs. 
 Kvidoutly there is a serious deicct. Still, roi'onnatory hchools 
 are an ahsolutc neccf^sity and it is positively ussertod that 
 there is a desire to nuiintaiu them. Can they lie inaiutained 
 without someahusomcrcoping in r I do not think so, however 
 willinu-one may he both in reforniiu_<i* the laws and in apply- 
 ing!: them more judicioiislv. .\nd the jvason for whichitwill 
 
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 Im' (liHiciill t(» |tr«-v«'iit all aliases is tiiat llic casts wliidi 
 |»r«'st'iu tlu'iiisi'lvcs aiv Vfi-y varied in their .iremiislaiiees, 
 lK>t.li on the >ido ol'tho pai-ents. owiiin' t<> llieif sitiialioii i>r 
 their (lis|M»sirions and on the siih- of the children. It is ini- 
 possihle tt t'oirseo everythinii-. Wy placinsi' niinion>ns and 
 dilHenlt ol>slaeles in the Wiiy. the enfi'aiiee to these Asyliiins 
 will oventiially he <'losed. 
 
 Jt sociiis to n)«\ thei'etofe. iniportaiit in even kii'islalion to 
 thoi'oiiii'hly nntlei'staiid the suhjeet niatt<'f ol such leii'islalion 
 jio as to |ti'ovide lor {-Yi'vy re(|nii'enienl and ohtain all the 
 ii'o d |)ossihle tVoni il. 
 
 \Ai;ir,it nivni'i'ioNs anh sitcations ok thi; rHii.i)i!K\ i'i:kvioi ,s 
 
 •{■o in NT I \i: mi: NT. 
 
 Children liahle to eonie und*-!' I lie laws u.'ovei'iiinn' rel'or- 
 luatofy and industrial schools u-eiierally h lonii' to the pooi' 
 <*lass('s. It vei'v seldom hapiieiis, altlionu'h if may o.-ea- 
 sionally, that childi-en ot'l'aniilios in cotnt'urtablc cii'ciiinstaiices 
 are sent to reformatory schools. These I'iniilies place sn<di 
 of their children as ari' difliciilt to maiiaifc or are of had 
 ••haraotor in educational (>stal)l'shments at an early aii,"*' lo 
 protoct and reform thcni. This is done (^nietly anil wiilmnl 
 tnakiiiii' any noise abi'nt it. 
 
 The poor classes have not the same advjintaifes. llowcvei-. 
 in these classes, the e: lidren who _ii'<'nerally come to the 
 reformatoiy and industrial schools are those whose jtosition 
 in their families has ceased to he normal or thoso whose 
 tdiarneter is had and vicious. 1 tnoaii hy ahiiormal position 
 that of a child who has lost its father or mother or hoth. 
 
 In the eonutry places oi'phans are easily placed in families, 
 foi- there is much compassion for these unfortunati's and 
 charity provides lor tlii'in in some way <m' otlu-r, unless 
 amonyst the-c children there are some of had charaetor. In 
 the ease of children whose fatlier survives, ivii'ard must he 
 had to the fact that the father is ohliifcd to absent himself 
 from home to earn bread for his family. It is the same when 
 the mother survives ; she must leavi- the house, and leave her 
 children alone if slie does not wish to see them starve. If 
 the parent;* are alive, hut are vicious and tlii' ehildroii withotit 
 iiiiv other proteetors bound hy law to sujtport them, tlieii 
 
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 iiri>»' casi's oi" iiriivih'v ami «'.\trt'iiu' lu'ccssitv. .\s Idiii:' ats 
 rlio parontfi arc ti'ooil, lianl-workin!^, in iri-fat l>iit toiii- 
 ponirv troubk', you an' siuu' to sec llicsc ihhm' [larciits stniir- 
 •i'liii''- agaiut poverty, Itccoiiiiiiii' more attaclicil than ever 
 to tlielr I'liililron, srckiiii!,' protection here an<l tlicre until 
 Providonic foincs to tlicir aid and withdraws tlioni from ■«> 
 • •ritical a situation. It is not the child ron of su(,'h laniilic- 
 who cunic to ihc rct'ornialory an<l in<lustrial schords. 
 
 But if tln'sc children are unprotecttd. numerous in a 
 lainily, with the survivin<i; fatlier a dchanchoc, a druid<ard. 
 an idlvr ; if tlic i>urvivinu' mother is la/.y. licart.U'ss. stn]iid. 
 addicted to dnuikonness or other vices, what will hecoinc of 
 thcchihircn ! Sucii situations, if rare in country [larts. arc hut 
 too frequent in towns and lariic villui»\'s. To circumstances 
 already vory (huii>vrous for chihln'U. mtist he a<lded in some 
 instances a I)ad character and vicious |)rccocity. tor as vou 
 know, geiitleinen. poverty heij^'ts vice. What happens then (• 
 Vice breaks out and daunts its shann^ : these niiserabh' 
 jiarcnts ruin their cliildrcn ami the uniortunato clnidren ruin 
 each other. .\ll the ueii^'hborhood becomes excited and «'om- 
 plains Itoth of tin;' parents and the children who are a source. 
 of(hinger. Then steps are taken to li'et the authorities to 
 remedy this sad state of attairs. Jt is the <)i>latc Father in 
 his Coujfregation, the nnv in his parish or a mcmI»erof the 
 8t. Vincent de Paul Society who iinilertakes this charitalile 
 mission, a mission of devotedness and heroic patience, a 
 <liftieult and often a<lelicatc mission, fop even in these cases 
 ji:reat care must l>e taken not to uftend any one and there 
 nro sometimes many difliculties to be overcome. 
 
 !►(» you sujipose. now. that it is always easy to decide the 
 l>aronts or otlier intert'sted jicrsons to uive >ip (heir chihlrcn 
 tlnit they n)ay be sent to the iJefornnttfuy and Industrial 
 scliools 't It is sometimes most ditKcult, especially in the 
 country. Many itrc)U(lices and erroneous im[>rcssions n_a,'ainst 
 Reformatory and Industrial scIk'oIs liave to be set aside ; 
 all tlie otHcious biisybodies in the parish or amonu'st the 
 relatives have sonH'thinu' to say about it. For them, these 
 schools arc worse than prisons ; the children are badly, 
 cruelly treated in them ; they h'ar thcr will ne\cr see the 
 children again, etc., etc. 
 
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 Tlu'si' iirc fatis wliicli wf coiistaiillv n>in«' iHT«>>s in iii-sl 
 I'oiintry parfs. It is otton a vitv serious iii\(lortakinif !»» 
 lU'c^ido (lio |iaf('nts to let llioir ciriiiln-ii «>-o. Oiicc tlicsc 
 olistaclos an- ovcrfoint', must we af-'uiii I'l'Vcrt to that series ol 
 ililUfult |iroeee«lini>'s wliidi it is ini|»ossil»Ie In ohst-rvi' in 
 ucarlv all onrninii inuiii('i|»alirK's ': 
 
 As a nili', you w ill liuil the iicai'aiul distaut relatives, cvi-n 
 those wiio life notoriously seaudaloiis, attai-htnl to tlieir 
 rhihlivu and liny will do llicii- l.cst to kci-ji tlicin iVoiu 
 heiuy; sent away. 
 
 Thus it is that, in the ('(tuntry |iai'i-. cases ot ndinission to 
 lietornudoiy and Industrial schools arc rav(> in iirojtortion In 
 the ]»o]tulation. They arc nmrc tVc(|in'nt in towns tor three 
 reasons : 
 
 1. There is less i»reJ!idice aj;-ain.-.l the schools : the parents 
 are on the spot ; they sec with their own i-yes, and Hnd out 
 for theniselves how the children are ti-eatecl in thesi? schools : 
 
 '1. The ihildren nrc more exjiosed In the danyvr ol" 
 perversion than in country paits : there is aLfglomeration ami 
 want (tf room : most of the children have only the stre(>t 
 to live in and are constantly exposed to perversion : aild lo 
 that the painful necessity in which the father or luotln-r is 
 sometimes placed of |<»avini:" the house and earninji' the livinu' 
 of the family ; 
 
 '•'<. It is more diitienlt to place the children in town than in 
 the eountry. 
 
 I woidd take the liberty of observiiii;- that when a ehihl 
 retpiires to he sent to an Industrial or Refoiinatory school, 
 whether he be in the eountry or in the town, it is necessary 
 that the law autlion/.in<i- such admissions should make them 
 easy and eonsc((uently avoid a eumulatlon of formalities 
 which makes admission to these schools ditlicult if \\m\ 
 impossil.tle. 
 
 Otherwise a ifreat many nf these children who really need 
 reformation or protection cannot he save<l froju the wreck. 
 They will only be jti'ot hold of later on when they fall into 
 the liands of justice after tlu'ir niisdoeds. 
 
 The law as ainen<led sin»pose>, fi>r its bcinjf put in 
 
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 (>)i«'rnlion. niii;tisti-iiti'f< wlin i-iiii ln>|»l a ri'^nlur ((.ml. ll^ 
 ivpirds till- pnuvdmv. N.-w. ;if Irawt tlin'r tourtlis of tli<; 
 Miral imMiiciitalitio^ an> not orniini/('<l f.irtlii^. Tlu- maffif'trulcs 
 fail barely road ami siyrn tlu'ir naiiu's : tlio.v liuvc no clerk. 
 One can liardly expt-ft iIimu to know how to exact, in a 
 jndieioiis and oi»[>ortniH> nn ner, tlie takinu- of an oiitli wlieii 
 l»art'uMdar eirenmstanees re<|nire it. 
 
 Witli respeet lo llie various >itnations and couditiMiis of 
 the ehildren helore eontinenient. I ha\<' onl.v one word more 
 t(» r<av eoiieernin-i' eliildreii liahh' to he st-nt to a rotornuitory 
 ncliool. What laidt or niisdenieanonr in the ehild will allow 
 a jutlu'e to sentence it to a reforniator.v ? What doti-i t oj 
 • •hara*'ter will lie lonnd siillicienllv si^rioiis to deserve 
 sendinu' to the relormatorv ': 
 
 ft is true that the law speeifie.< certain eases, hnt it leaves 
 a vast f *ld open 1 1 interin-etution on the subject. Who will 
 he deooied competent to iiderpri-t the law in tho?«e variniis 
 easi's ': This is a remark which I snbmit for your consid«'ration 
 and [ tliiidc is not inop[iortnne. 
 
 Till-; en 1 1, It AT I'lii': sennoi.. 
 
 I now suppose a uirl admitted to a reformatory or indus- 
 trial school. Is it better to let her complete her term al 
 the school or to pla<'(' licr out in a private family ? (Jenerally. 
 in my opinion, if the ehild ha- bi-eu admitted for proper 
 reasons (it should m)t be otheiwisc). it is better she should 
 tiidsh her tinu'. Sh<>\\illdo Ix-tter in the school than she 
 could in any private family, with very tew exceptions; she 
 will lind in the school cverylbinu- she wants for the cultiv- 
 ation of her mind and intolliu-enee, for relii^ious instruction, 
 initiation in work. et<-. ; she will iind there triu' mothers full 
 of dovotedness, whose only object is to promote the wi'lfarc 
 aiul liapjiincss of the child. What more can she iind in a 
 family to which slu' is a stranu-er ? Will she Hn<I as much i 
 Could she not Iind worse r On the one hand, it is adndtted 
 that the school is nec«'ssary : on the other hand, a law is pass- 
 ed which allows the Minister to put the school aside when 
 he pleases. 
 
 The prineiph- seems to be to consider it [troper that these 
 establishments be conlide I to reliufions »'ouuminities ; on the 
 
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— fl-J — 
 
 nilii'i- liiiii'', Ijiws iii'f »'ii:ictt'(l ti> rt'iiiiiM' Intiii ilio i'crnri«'<i> 
 
 • iiroi-tioii lU tlu'p*)' iiistifiitioiiH tiif t-liildicii < lest i net I to tli«-rt«> 
 mi;Iio()Ih nixl coiitHlc llifiii to privnt*' tainilif-i. 'J'luMt' mnv !»<• 
 wciiU'hty ri'JisoiiK toJiHtit'y tins. Itiit it 'h looifall.v (litH<'iiIt t.> 
 
 lll|ll(>|-Stllll<l. 
 
 Till'; rilll.li AKIKK llKIXfi |iI>iirAll(lKI». 
 
 WluMi a yomij;' gii-l lias compU'tcd Ihi- iti-m is all work 
 ami attention over as far asslu- is coiinTiicil 'r I> tlicic iiolliiiiii' 
 IoIk' (loiw lun-oiiil sottiiiii; Imt fVco '! 
 
 No ; tlictsc who liavf liail fliaig'e ol llic cliild u|* to 
 tlui' iiioint'iit iimst not ahaiidon lu'i- to Iwr tat*': tlu'v 
 must afl'onl lici means to |ilac»' lioiself siiitahly. 
 r>iit l»(.'tur(' placinti' lu-f we nnist not ov»'rl<»ol< tlic point 
 ot (lopai-turc : the child cHmc to the school to correct hersell' 
 or to Itc protected against tlu' danircr of perdition. Th ■ 
 
 • piestion to be then asked is: Is the <diild rcfornu'd : is she 
 in a condition to retnrn withont dany-er to the sphcr*- from 
 whicn she canu' ? If the child has heconn- tfood, when she 
 leaves she will be _<;-iven to her [)areiits if she has any or if 
 not nhe will l)e [tlaoed by the dire(!tresses in a rt>speclablc 
 family. JJntwlien tin- term of eontinenient expires, if the (diild 
 be not sntHciently refonued, ifitbe found that she is still of a 
 liiid an<l insnbordinate cliiracter with vicious instincts; and 
 if you suppose the child i^ood, but if you see bi-fore you l)ut 
 miserable di)i)aiu-hed parents who claim tic child to place 
 her in the ?nidst of p?r<lition ami scandal, what then is to bi* 
 done? Km- it must not be foro-otten that these children arc 
 very young ; sonu- even come out before they are twelve 
 years old. lentil lately while perhaps derogatinu- from the 
 letter of the law, its spirit ami intention seemed to l)e inter- 
 preted by ordering the continuation of the term in either of 
 the following cjisoHi : when the cliild was claimed by miser- 
 able parents who had been and might still be the cause i)t 
 its perdition : when the eliild was vicious or of uneontrollahb' 
 character which ju-evented her from being properly pla<'ed 
 out. 
 
 Then, relying on the intbrmation given by the Directress, 
 an order was given to eontimie the eontinementfor .-onu' timi' 
 longer fio as to complete the refornnition of the ehihl ami 
 remove her from the danger which awaited her. 
 
If'; 
 
 hi' ' 
 
 10 
 
 P^ 
 
 1. 
 
 V. I 
 
*- :>.fi — 
 
 iJiil >!ii •(■ till' iiioiilii of May la -I llu' children luivc ln't'ii 
 scf at lildTiv aiivl.ow ; cvfii. all tliosi' wlio were iuiiriii 
 all lioiiyii til.' law allows tlif f(t:itliiiiatii>ii ot' 1 lu'ir trnii. 
 'I'iicsc disi-liai'u- '^ iiinl.".' surli ciivnin-itaiii-cs arc most dango- 
 I'oiis and d('[(l(>ral)K'. It siiii|ilv means rciidcriiiii" uiinoct's- 
 s.iry tlic sa<-i'Ilu'('s wliicli tlic ( !((\rniiiK'nt or tlic imiiiiciiia- 
 litit's have liitlicrro made I'ur in'oli-ctiuti- those ihildrcii. Is 
 tli('i'<' not ill this an nru'ciil ncci'ssiiy lor amcndiiiu' the law 
 so as III avoid >n(di >a(l coiisimiiU'Iu'cs ? 
 
 It hi^.iltcii h iji|n.'ii('d that tdiildrcii scut to tlif liulustrial 
 Sidiool h;i\-c harely s|(;'nt a few iiioiit lis in the asylnm hidoit- 
 it was I'onnd that thcscMdiildrcn should he. not in the Indus- 
 trial hilt in the IJoforniatory Sidiool, owing to the wiidvi'il 
 and \ii-ioiis instiiu-ts which showed tliomsclvcs in thcin. Tln" 
 law should [irovido I'oi' snrh cases so tliat the Directress 
 miglit he able to classifv th si- 'hildivii ]iroji;'r]y, 
 
 1 conliiie niyscli'io these oliservations. What we have said 
 on the siihjert shows that muidi more still iniglit he said. As 
 i remaiked jusl now, the sit iiati'Oi- in wintdi thctdiildreii ot' 
 the ]io(ir classes are |ilaced ar(' \aric(l and miiltiidied ami the 
 ilangcrs of perdilion siirronnding these ehihlren are great 
 and ire(|nciit. I'specially in the towns. Since the lu'cessity of 
 these schools is a(lmitte<l, there can he no disenssion on thi- 
 snhjecr. As regards the laws governing these matters, it is 
 easy to |iercei\-e hy an e.\|ierience of nine or ten monlhstiiat 
 thoso laws as amended have the I'l'sidt in this district of 
 i^'iiobec of allowing hnt one admission into the two asylums 
 of St. .lost'|»h (h' la Di'divrance, Levis, and the St. Charles 
 .Vsylnin in Qnehec : that these laws. 1 say. are not ninth' for 
 maintaining works of snch iniiiortancc and that llicy mnst 
 he amended. 
 
 The municipalities Iiaxc neitlu'r sympathy nor pity i'or the 
 niilortiiiiates as y(in arc aware, gentlemen. It is no) always 
 easy lor them lo tax the rate [iiycrs fortlie snviport of these 
 ins'it'itions. \)i\ siudi a hasis the latter will never support 
 themselves. Sneii is tiio conclusion of an artich' entitled 
 " Mi'inlii-lli'- rt \'(ifj,iln»i<'l</i/<' r.Meiidieity and N'agraiK-y) 
 piihlished in 180.-5 in the 3fni,'l, of V:mU'oi\\ : 
 
 '• The real cnljtrits are those nnnatnral fathers. those heart- 
 
 1 :l 
 
 EM 
 
ft- 
 
 
 
 Ml 
 
 i 
 
 
 .#^ 
 
 
~_ -54 — 
 
 less motlu'i's wild iiiijiosi- oil imblic cliiirltv and. for tin- I'cw 
 «viits tlicv cnllo<'t, fiidjinuYT the nuirnls of tlicir <-liil(lr*'n. 
 
 " Fof rlic lattt-r. tlicro is iio otlicr resource fliau i\\v rflur- 
 luatory sdiools wliciv atliscipliiK', stnct hiif tcmperod l»_v tin- 
 aftV'otioiiati' kindness of flit- >isteis who have if oVtserved, 
 gives these children the liahir of a iVii'nlar life, a taste for 
 work and the means of eaniino- their livino; lionestlv. 
 
 '• Those estaitlishnn-nfs are not snHicientIv nnineroiis, espe- 
 eially in Iar;ii'e modern -itics. Admission to them slionid It • 
 easier and society is <i'reatl\' interestccl in confiding- to trained 
 and disinterested hands the moral edneationof these children, 
 deprived as they are of yood examples, of elevated ami sonnd 
 ideas which protect them auain.-t the seductions of their own 
 passions. 
 
 This is of the hiujhest interest lor pnhlic order. The danirer 
 of onr moch'rn socii'ty. in wl icJi love of well-heinii- plays so 
 important a pai't and seems to he theohji'ct of all onractions. 
 is to im[icl yonnu" int«'llects and ynnn<r liearts into a fatal 
 path in order to satisfy that desire lor nniterial satisfaetion. 
 This nnfortunate pro[K'ns;ty must he cheeked. The |{el!)r- 
 matory ^Schools with their r»li<icious teachinir. their schools 
 and workshops, are the safest m<'ans tor staying the evil. 
 
 " in Fran<-e, ifen«'rons ettorts are heing nnide to amend 
 jtenal legislation in that sense and to facilitate the sondiuif 
 ol young ntt'emlers to Hetormatory Schools. .Vnd thev aie 
 perfectly riglit." 
 
 llowevt-r, we arc aware that the most ditiieult point of this 
 important (piestion is not to regularize the law in order to 
 make it cttective, hut to find the necessary resources lor 
 meeting the wants. God will, I hope, come to your aid in 
 this respect ; your wisdom and your devote<lness to the wel- 
 tare ot onr conntrv will (h) the rest. 
 
 P. BERNIER, 
 
 Qnel.ee, 2',Uh March, 1S1»;). 
 
 'ill