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 NO. XX. 
 
 c ^u+. \o 
 
 Church Association of the Diocese of loronto. 
 
 OCCASIONAL PAPEK No. X. 
 
 A OOADJUTOB BISHOP. 
 
 The Church 'n this Diocese has just passed through a crisis 
 bf no ordinary magnitude; and it is important that its momboi'S 
 should realise the grave significance of the question involved. 
 In accordance, as is believed, with the primitive usage of the 
 Church, full 8y nodical powers have been revived ; and the 
 clergy and the representative Jay delegates in Annual iSynod, 
 ' with the Bishop as presiding officer, deliberate on the bust 
 interests of the Church, restrained only by the laws and canons 
 enacted for re^fuiatiuit tiynodical actioii. 
 
 Among all the powers and JuLies entrusted to the Synod, 
 none is more important than that of tlie election oi a Bishop. 
 " It is provided that on a vacancy occurring in the See, all re- 
 quisite steps shall be taken for summoning ttie S)'nod to 
 make free choice of a successor. Provision is also made for the 
 election, under certain rare and wholly exceptional circum- 
 stances, of a Coadjutor Bishop, who by the Canon suci^eeds to 
 the see on a vacancy occurring. But the whole ht'jtory of the 
 Church proves tnat this was regarded as a course to be resorted 
 to only under extreme necessity; while the influence which 
 ' it inevitably confers on the Bi; hup in the selection of one who is 
 to act for, and with him, in the exei-cise of his Episcopal func- 
 ' tioiu, wj,s foit to be so groit, tluit by the Canons of the early 
 ' Church no Sutfragan or Coadjutor Bishop could succeed to tiie 
 See. 
 
 The election of the present Bishop, as Coadjutor and suc- 
 cessor to Dishop Scrachan, took place under veiy unusual uir- 
 "cumstances. L'he venerable Jiisiiop wa^ then in hiu ninetieth 
 ' year ; and, as lie himstjlf said, ' Tlie weight of years, and the 
 ^ intirmities they bring," moved him to ask for ;i Coadjutor; 
 'for, said he, " although equal to some duties, there are others 
 *ot paramount iniporcaiice, which I am wavied not again to 
 tifg^ttempt." The income of the late Bishop, moreover, was de- 
 
 ANGLICAN CHURCH O? CANADA 
 GENERAL SYNOD, ARCHIVES 
 
 i-;v#^>;;-ci;ifK:feli4?:fel:'Ji^i-»Si,i?S; 
 
rived from sources which, to a large extent, terminatod with 
 his lite ; and eltiuient steps had accordingly been taken to> 
 wards providing ttie laquisite income tor the future oooupant 
 of the tiee. ileuce, no dithculty in relation to income nar- 
 rowed the ciioice of the iSynod in their selection. 
 
 The contrast is, in all respects, striking, on comparing the 
 former circumstances with those under which the Synod 
 recently met. in 16(36 the tirst Pan-^ngiican Synod was 
 about to assemble at Lambeth ; and the presence of the late 
 revered iiisiiop would have been very welcome, had that been 
 possible. Jbat, m lieu of that, one of the tirst duties undertaken 
 by Ills Ooadjutor, was to supply his place there ; and brief 
 though his absence was, he only returned in time to be present 
 at tlie iiiahop's funeral. How ditlerent is it now : — 
 
 1st. Tlie liord Uishop informed the Synod, in his opening 
 address, that he had telt it his duty to accept the invitation to 
 the Oontereuce of iJishops, at Ijambeth Palace, in July next, 
 " because no ouo blessed with the needful health and strength 
 should decline sucli a duty." iJ e further mentioned his '* desire 
 ol spending a few months in the old world," and then added : 
 " At the advanced age which, by God's good Providence, i 
 have been permicted to reach, 1 cannot restrain the feeling 
 that mi/ time for active and efficient work in God's (Jhurck canr 
 not be tony." Here, therefore, it is manifest that the time 
 had not yet come when anything more was needed than the 
 temporary services of a Commissary for a period which was 
 to be extended for the very purpose of health and relaxation. 
 
 2d. it IS also to be borne in remembrance ttiat the Diocese 
 over which his liordship was appointed as assistant and suc- 
 cessor to the late bishop, has been twice divided since then. 
 Bishop jb'uiler now relieves him of the western part \ Bishop 
 Fauquier has entire charge of the north, including the whole 
 outlying and remote parishes and districts of Muskoka and 
 Algcma. The services of both Bishops are available, and it 
 cannot be doubted would be freely rendered, in any emergency. 
 
 3d. The total absence of any provision for the income of 
 the proposed Coadjutor was felt so strongly on all sides that, 
 after tlie discussion had proceeded for some time, the Lord 
 Bishoj) interposed, and intimated his purpose, at some future 
 date, subsequent to his return from Europe, to resign part of 
 his own limited income to his Coadjutor. But had the 
 Synod seen fit to make choice of some clergyman, rich in all the 
 gilts and graces most needful for the high oMce, but poor xa 
 
 in 
 
this world's jjoods, what wan to hecome of Iiim in theintRrval 1 
 The Canon is exi)licit in forbiclflintr liia consncvntion aa T'isliop 
 until he has resij^ned whatever benefice he may hold. Tlni8 — 
 in marked contrast to all the cirnumstnnoea unrler which a 
 previous Coadjutor had been elected, — the Synod wns prncti- 
 cally narrowed down to the choice of Archdeacon Whitaker, 
 who, as Provost of Trinity CoUesje, enjoys emoluments over 
 which the Synod has no control, and which are consequently 
 beyond reach of the restrictions of the Canon, notwithstnndinj? 
 the fact that they are mainlv derived from the Clercrv Com- 
 mutation Fund. The bearing; of the above.facts in limitinfj the 
 choice of the Synod was so manifest, that in nominatin? a 
 clerffvman from another Canadian Diocese, notorious for his 
 ritualistic proclivities, his wealth was the argument ui'ged in 
 his favour. 
 
 Earnest prayer was invited, and was ofTered to the Great 
 Head of the Church, to '^uide the Svnod in its action ; nor can 
 we doubt that under the overruling Provirh^nce of Gorl, the 
 Church has been preserved from what practically involved the de- 
 priving the Synod of the elective franchise, and forcing upon 
 the Diocese, as its future Bishop, a clergyman, who. whatever 
 be his claims for learning and |)iety, is one whose selection 
 would have been hailed as a triumph by all who specially 
 favour sacerdotal teaching, and the ritualistic 
 are its inevi'-able results. Nor is it concealed 
 of the adherents of the proposed Coarljutor, 
 estimable he may be personally, he lacks important qualifi- 
 cations to be looked for in the future Bishop of this Diocese, 
 if he is to be successful in healing divisions, and conciliating 
 all who. however opposed on some points, are honestl)'^ desirous 
 of promoting the highest interests of the Church. 
 
 Persistent attempts have been made to convey the im- 
 pression that the Church Association — for some inconceivable 
 reason — pledged itself to the election of the Provost. So far 
 was this from being the case that the summons of an extra- 
 ordinary meeting of Synod for the appointment of a Coadjutor 
 took the Executive Committee of the Association by sur]u'ise ; 
 >ind the prompt protest in the EiMnrjeUcaJ Churchman left no 
 room for doubt as to the views entertained on the subject. It 
 is now manifest that a great danger has been averted ; and if the 
 influence of the Church Association has contributed to this 
 
 But 
 
 excesses which 
 e-"-en by many 
 that, however 
 
 important result, let us thank God and take 
 
 reoognising the importance of the recent crisis, it has seemed to 
 
 courage. 
 
 ■ -i-.ij-H'-::^4i^A'(l-:.'.: 
 
the Executive Comniittee rlcsirnWe to plnce before its members, 
 and tlicichnrcli at Irtrjje, a l)riHf statement of fncts. 
 
 Boforr the moetinjr of the Synod in 1877, it was widely 
 rnniored tliiit an election of a Cofuljiitor Bishop was cnntem- 
 ])lrtt<d ; nor was the fnvoured individual unnamed. But the 
 proposal 'VHR abandrned, owing, as was currently stated, to the 
 ahsfiuce of all provision for tho maintenance of the Coadjutor. 
 It is to be feared that this led the Evargidi-al portion of our 
 church to be less careful than it onijht to have been, in seeing 
 to the selection of delocfates prepared to take a clear and decided 
 coui*so in any emergency. 
 
 "When tho Synod met in June last, the first step was to 
 oust from the offic(! of lay secretary, one who, for seveial years, 
 had filled it with credit to himpelf. and much advnntajre to the 
 Synod. Hnvincf thus tested their strens^th, the dominant 
 party proceeded, as in former vears, to so constittite Standing 
 Committees as t'. exclude almost every member of the Chinch 
 Association, The few who were retained, — while their names 
 miirht serve to blind their friends throii2;hout the Diocese to the 
 prirtial constitntion of the committees.-^ — were so manifestly 
 liable to responsibility for wliat thov could neither approve of 
 nor prevent, that they felt it their duty to decline to act. 
 
 The regular session of tho Synod transjnred without any 
 intimation by the Bishop of a desire for the ap])ointment of a 
 Coadjutor ; and it was not until the last day allowed by law 
 for callinjnr a meetini? for such a purj)Ose, that publicity was 
 piven to the junposal. So far from the leading members of the 
 Evangelical party having been consulted, the formal notice 
 summoning the Synod to nieet, within three weeks, for the 
 election of a Coadjutor Bishop, was the first intimation which 
 the great majority of the lay delegates received that such a step 
 had been in deliberation. There is, in truth, no reason for 
 doubting that the whole scheme was matured in private by a 
 few who profess to guide the Synod, with the determinate 
 piirpose of effecting the appointment of Provost Whitaker. 
 They alone had timely notice of the Bishop's consent to submit 
 the question to the Synod : and their nominee was selected under 
 circumstances of so exceptional a character that, it was useless 
 to look out for other candidates. It was indeed easy to name 
 men more desirable, and far more capable of filling the office of 
 Bishop with benefit to the church ; but it was vain to elect them 
 when not tho slightest provision had been made for their sup- 
 port. 
 
r8, This quesdon of mnintenance, it is miinifest, is one of the 
 
 gravest inipoitance in its hearing on the whole question of the 
 
 ^ly election of a Coadjutor Bishop; \u(l it may prove of no slight 
 
 signiHoance in the true interests of tlie churcii, tliatit has thus 
 been forced with such prominence on the attention of all. 
 Without some adequate piovision, it has been uuide abundantly 
 obvious that tlie ^ynod has no fiee voice in the election of 
 their future Bishop ; and the system, if once established, would 
 pract cally resolve itself into every Bishop appointing his 
 successo"'. Theie is a niauifest danger of the possessor of 
 private wealth, or the holder of an office securing eiriolumenta 
 beyond control of tlie Synod, coming to be recognised as 
 possessing more iuiportant evidences of fitness for the office of 
 lUshop than if he had all the gifts and graces enumerated by 
 St. Paul. When the necessity for the appointment of a Coad- 
 jutor is urgent, the means for his maintenance may be asked 
 with confidence from the lair,y, if they would not have the office 
 of Bishop put up, as it were, to the liighest bidder. 
 
 Attempts have been made to censure certain of the clergy, 
 who, as tliey could not conscientiously vote for the Provost, 
 and saw plainly that no other choice was open to them, silently 
 withdrew. The Canon specially provides that, unless there are 
 two-thirds both of Clergy and of Parishes, as represented by 
 their Lay Delegates, present and voting, a two-thirds vote of 
 both orders shall be necessary for election. Provision was thus 
 designedly made for the case which has now occurred of those 
 who, though present, could not conscientiously vote. As by 
 their action, an effectual impediment was placed in the way of 
 a choice which they believed was calculated to be injurious to 
 the Church, the course pursued by them was not only their 
 right, but their manifest duty. 
 
 Had those by whom the Provost of Trinity College was 
 openly announced as the destined Coadjutor ; who strove in the 
 Synod to stifle discussion, and to brand all opposition as dis- 
 courtesy, if not disloyalty to their Bishop, succeeded in their 
 purpose : the future Bishop would have been one appointed by 
 a process which depiiveu the Synod of its legitimate rights in 
 the free choice to so important an office ; and the result must 
 have removed all hope of conciliating the divided interests 
 which impede the Church's progress. That this attempt to 
 coerce the Svnod into the formal confirmation of the nominee 
 of a party, was unworthy of those who instigated and supported 
 it, must now be apparent even to themselves, if they have given 
 
a calm conRideration to the closing words of the Lord Bishop, 
 before adjourning tho Synod. In these it in placed beyond 
 doubt that unless the Provost could be elected theie was to be 
 no Coadjutor ; and consequently, that the resolution moved by 
 the Chunrellor of the diocese, and so largely supported by the 
 clergy, afiinuing that it wns not only desirable, but necessary 
 to a|)point a Coadjutor, shoidd have read that it was desirable 
 and expedient to have Provost Whitaker as Coadjutor. 
 
 The Synod of Feb, 1878 vv'ill not have been <'ruitlef8, if it 
 impresses upon the Church throughout the whole Dominion the 
 lessons involved in this unsuccessful attenipt to vender nugatory 
 the laws which the Synod had enacted, with great care and delib- 
 eration, for the very purpose of sisciiring j)eifect (reedom of elec- 
 tion. Let it bo kept constantly in remembrance, as a guide to 
 the action of all who love their Church, in carefully looking 
 to the choice of Delegates to represent the various congregations 
 at the Synod. The great body of the laity are sound in their 
 attachment to the principles of the Protestant Church of Eng- 
 land ; but. they are not always careful to see that those who 
 are entrusted with the duty of maintaining their views and in- 
 terests at the Synod do actually and truly repiesent them. If 
 they have not men in their own parish or congregation, able 
 and willing to do so, they cannot l>e too careful in ascertaining 
 the views of those to whom they entrust their rights. The 
 choice of the Lay Delegates to the Synod is one in which the 
 clergyman not only is not permitted to nominate, but in which 
 he has no riglit to interfere. 
 
 Tho privileges of the laity in the Synodical action of the 
 Church have proved in the case of the Church of Ireland, in 
 recent years, the grand safeguard of sound Protestantism; and 
 the peace and prosperity of our branch of the Church in Canada 
 largely depends on its members choosing as the Delegates who 
 are to represent them in the Synod, num of proved integrity, 
 and of unflinching fidelity to the principles established by the 
 fathers of our Church at the Reformation. 
 
Jisliop, 
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 Those desirous of joining the Association will please send 
 their names, addresses and subscriptions to B. Homer Dixon, 
 or John Gillespie, Honorary Secretaries, Toronto, to whom all 
 communications are to be addressed. 
 
 Members and (Corresponding Members: — Yearly subscrip- 
 tions, One Dollar ; Life Members, Donation Twenty-five 
 Dollars. 
 
 The papers of the C. A. may bo obtained by Members, for 
 distribution, free, on application to either of the abovj named 
 Honorary Secretaries ; by others, at $1.00 per fifty, 30 cents 
 per dozen, or five cents each, on application to Hart & Raw- 
 iinson, Booksellers, 5 King Street West, Toronto.