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THE THREE VOYAGES OP MARTIN FROBISHER, IN SEARCH OF A PASSAGE TO CATHAIA AND INDIA BY THE NOETH-AN'EST, A.D. 1570-8, ^tprintcb from tlic ^trst (^bition of |l;il;luri{'s ^^onngcs, WITH SELECTIONS FROM MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENTS IN THE r.RiXISH MUSEUM AND STATE PAPER OFFICE. BY Rear-Admiral RICHAPtD COLIJNSON, c.v, I- O N DON: PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY, M.prrr.i.xvii, y6/ ^«^""^^^!^«i^^^B^O*WW Tim IN INT£ ^^0 TO HENRY (JRINNELL, ESQ., OK NEW YOHK, THIS EDITION OF MAKTIN PROBISHEr'S TIIKEE VOYAGES IN SEAKCII 01 A PASSAGE TO CATIIAIA BY THE K.W. IS DEDICATED, AS A TRIBUTE OF RESPECT AND ADMIR \TTON, NOT ONLY FOR HIS CORDIAL AND GENEKOUS CO-OPERATION IN THE SEARCH FOR SIR JOHN FRANKLIN AND HIS COMPANIONS, BUT ALSO FOR THE INTEREST HE HAS SHOWN IN, AND THE AID HE HAS AFFORDED TO, POLAR EXPLORATION IN THE PRESENT DAY BY HIS OBEDIENT SERVANT, RICHARD COLLINSON. "3'!)004- SIU II COUNCIL TIIK JIAKLUYT SOCIETY «IU IlODKniCK IMPRY MURCIfiaox, R.nr,, K.C.n.. O.C.Sl.S., VMS., D.C.L.. Corr Mem. Inst. l.\, Jlon. Mom. Imp. Acad. So. I'otersburg, etc., etr., I'nKsiDKNT. Rkar.Admibal C. R. DUINKWATKR UKTHUNK, C.B.^ The Rt. Hon. Sib UAVIl) DUNDAS, M.P. | Vl-K-l' Tub niaiiT IfoN. U. U. ADDINGTON. Rev. O. 1>. BADOKR, F.H.G.8. .1. BARROW, Ksq., F.R.S. K. H. HUNIiUUY, Esy. Rear.Admihal R. COLLINSON, C.H, Sir IfKNUY ELLIS, K.H., F.R.8. OenkkAt, C. fox. R. W. GRKY, KsQ. JOHN WINTKK JONKS, KsQ., F.8.A. JOHN W. KAVi:, Esq. His Excellency the COUNT VK LAVHADIO. 'J'HOM.\S K. LYNCH, Esq. R. II. M.\JOR, Esq., F.S.A. Sir CHARLES NICHOLSON, Uart. Cai'Tain SHKRARD OSBOKN, R.N.,C.B. Major.Oener\l Sir HENRY C. RAWLINSON, K.C.B Viscount STRANGFORU. RB8IIIENT8. CLEMENTS It, MARKHAM, i:3.j., F.g.A., Hunobary Secretauy. * IN'rK()J)U(TJUN, I'^ivi-; yoars iii'ler llio disooveiy of America by CJolinnluis, llic l!]iiglisl), bnfHcd in tlicir aMcnipts to read i Katliay by tli(! N..E., turiiod their alleiitioii in another diroo- lioii, ami on tlie morning of ihe i24tli of .luiie, 14.97, Newfoundland was dise.overeil by .b»hn ('alif»t. Tims began those series of memorable voyages Avliidi have been contimied, unto our day, with l)ut short inter- ru])tion, until the northern seaboard of the American continent has been perfectly discovered. The annals of these Arctic voyages have been read and re-read, ])ul)lished and r(>-|mblished, evil', ing the deep interest which generation after generation has taken in these touching records of skill and daring, perseverance and lonfj-sutlejins ; and well mav we tui'ii to them with |)ii(h' and pleasure, txhil)iting as they do such proof of I hat spirit of maritime enter})rise which always has been (jJreat J.))'itaiirs boast and glory. In the year 1500 the discovery of the Cabots was followed u]> by (b'is])nr de (Jortereal, in two shi|)s from iiisbon, and attention was attract m I to the value of the lisheries on the coast of Newfoundland, and in ]r)04 snnUl vessels from Biscay, IJretagne, and Nor- ^p ^^[OT^^^««OT VIII INTIIOUUCTION. raandy resorted thither for this purpose. In 15()G Jean Dcnys drew a map of the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; and in 1.517 no less than fifty Spanish, French, and Poituoncso ships were employed in this fishery. In 1527, Iv. Thoriic of Bristol (who assisted the Cabots in the equipment of their vessels for the first voyage) sailed with two ships for the discovery of the N.W. passage, but was never after heard of In 1534. Jacques Cartier sailed from St. Malo with two ships, and explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In 1.53() an attempt was made by one hundred and twenty Englishmen to form a settlement on Newfoundland, but they suffc red the extremity of famine. In 1548 the English fishery on the American coast had become an object of national importance and legis- lative encouragement. The result of these discoveries was published to the world in Gerard Mercator's Mappe Monde, in 156" 9 ; and as this date will bring us to the j^eriod when we are told (s(?e p. 70) " Captaine Frobisher began first with himself to devise and then with his friendes to conferrc, and layd a plaine platte unto them that that voyage was not only possible by the Northweast, but also, as he coulde prove, casie to bee performed," this will be the place to describe the arrangement which has been adhered to in this edition of Frobisher's voyages. The text is taken from the first edition of Hakluyt's voyages (1578), in the Grenvillc library at the British Museum, an extremely rare book, with two maps, to 1)0 found in only one other copy. On the i('(]uipition of our President, and by the kindness of INTRODILTION. IX the gentlomcii in cluirgo of the inanusciipts at tlie British .Museum and at the public Eccorcl Office, access has been ol)taiiied to several important documents hitherto uu])u1jlished, and which have been arranged previous and subsequent to tlie several voyages to which they refer. George Beste, the author, served in the second and third voyages ; and in his preface to the first voyage will be found a curious account of the know- ledge of the world at that period, which will greatly i)iterest those who are not already familiar with Hakluyt's volumes. I am indebted to Mr. W. B. liye, of the British Museum, for the following account of the expenses of the first voyage, which is abstracted from the report of the Commissioners on the Public Records, folio, 1837. The amount of subscription to tlio first voyage amounted to £875, Bill for ^Faps and Nautical Listruiiients. £ s. d. Piiid for a book of cosmograpliie in French of Andreas Thevet . . . . .240 Paid to Humphry Cok and others — For a greate globe of metal in blanke in a case . 7 13 4 For a great instrnnient of brasse named Armilla Toloniei or Ilemisperiiim . . . 4 8 F(n' an instrnment ol' brasse named Sphera Nautica 4 8 For a great instrument of brasse named Compassum Meridianuni . . . . 4 G 8 For a great instrument of lirassc named IToh^metrum Cieometricum . . . .10 Foi- a great instrument of brasse named Horologiimi Universale . . . . 2 (! 8 Fur a Huge of brasse named Annulus A stronc micas 1 10 () For a little standing level of brnsse . . »> H For an instrninrnt of wood a stafe named llalestetta F! 4 «. 1.^." X INTllODUCTION. 5 1 () H G 8 ■> 1 (t (» 10 (» (•) H u r ) 'I. 1 :i ;{ 17 3 ]0 u For ii, very great oaric of navigation l''(»v a great niajijx; iinivorsall of Mcrcator in pronto Kor three otlior Binall mappos prcnted For G cartes of navigaiiou written in blaeke ])arcli- nu-nt wliereof ]■ ruled playne & 2 ruiuide l<'or ii liible Engli.she great volume I'or ii eosmograpliical glasse & castell knowlego Foi- a new World of Andreas Thevciu Englislio it French ..... For a Regiment of Medena (Spanishe) For Sir John Mandevyllc (Englishc) I'or 20 compasses of divers sorts l*'or 18 hower glasses . , For a astrolabium . . . . The following drugs shew the contents of a ship's medicine chest in Queen Fli/abeth's reign: — Anibra Grisi oriental, Cibeth', Masehe orienial, Agallorbi, Ligne Aloes, Rubarbi agarisi, Tur- penti, Diiigridii, Cipri India, Tui'merick, Calam aromatica, Irios, Galanga, ]\fyrrlia fine, Mastichus, Argenti viti, Ladderi, Aumno Gomme, Oppoponax, 0])pen, Allocs, Bellzonica, Styrax Calnnie, Myrobboralia chebue Bellerichi, ludioru citrini, Ledoria, Spiea Nardi, C'ardamonii, Lignc Rhode, Colucuthes, Magaritc, J^oli oriental, Ijiipis Lazuli, Cantatri Citomi, Corralina, Coralli Ilubili, Rorax, Cani])hora, Castorium. Among the jiayments maclo by INIichael Lok for tlic furniture of the first voyage the following occur — J''or bote liyre of Mr. Furbishcr following his bussy- ness alle this tyme . . .10 lO Raid to Ducke upliolsier for beddinge for Mr. Cap- tayne Frobiser . . . . 3 10 o Raid for a bottell of aqaavite for Mr. Frobiser paid it to his numnc Rorrowes . . . U lO Raid to Mr. Frobiser on accompte as followithe for bcarc and brende at laiinchinge of the llnbriell and for maryners dyners then . . .0 111 I'aid to Kicholas Cooke for aquavite 3 hogsheads ])aid lo Anllionye Dullilile lirufi- . . .13 18 .0(1 "1 !.\ JNTIIODUCTION. XI Paid lor V tonne of beair ii(. 't'i.^'. bonj^lit of my Lnvd Adminil by Artlmr Pelt J'iiid to Mr. Fiobiisor at divers tymi's for his j)iiyn(!s tiikeing on tliis voyage (t In's ondevor untill liis rctorno which was paid to cUm-c him out of Eng- hiiul one the voya^^e i'iiid for divers implonionts of lioushold necoHsaryo for tlie shi]))tes furniture as followitlic : — For a great kcttk^ ])an brasse with yr(;n ball For a great bassone ot brasse to l)iike one For a bukinge pan of yron witli eover For a eliafiinge dish of bi'asse . For a skimer of l)rasse For a greatc potte of yron for meat l'\)r a little ])ane brasse with handle yrone For a try vet yrone For ij fi'inge ])iin('R For a drippinge jtune yron For a grydyron l'\)r ij spyttes For a payre of ]»olto hokes For a slyse of yron For a fleshoke of yron l''oi' ij hokes yi-on flat For a clever great choppinge knyfe of yron For iij wooden platters ^Muskovia painted For a great bassone or ewar of pewtar For iij pyiile bottes of beai'e & wync For a saltesellar of ])ewtare Summo of all the said cliarges of furnytui'e of the said shipj)es outvvardes coste as foUowithe : — For implements liowshcld For wages of nu'n .... For instrumentes of navigatione For vyttelles . . For ordonans munition For tackelinge of shii)pes Foi' buyldingo the sliippe (iahru'll & iUe i)y»ace Id jo I) HO (I (t . J8 () . (» 8 . <• I) H , 11 4 1) . It 1 4 . u (i H . 1 4 1 4 . (( • ) . (I o 1) (» ] . '4 .!■ . 8 . () H . (» (.1 8 . 8 . 1 Ci . 1 »I . u ,s . •5 4. . 1 H 11 '213 17 60 14 'SS7 14 10 luo 8 4 172 r, G V newe") \i o Foi- the i^hipe Mirknel, with furnitur of her bought 120 o (» Siiininc un1w!irdi!s ol' sliip])inge...X'r20o 11 8 Xll INTRODUCTION. In the State Papers .subsequent to the first voyage ^vill be found — J\lic]iael Loks aecount of his connection with Captain Frol>iscr, p. 87 ; ]\Ir. Lockes tliscours touching the cure, p. 92 ; and an account of the cost ])rovision, togetlier with the names of the venturars in the second voyage, p. 103. The subscriptions for the second voyage amounted to £5,150. The expedition consisted of 143 persons, viz., 36 ofHcers and gentlemen, 14 mynars and fynars, 64 mariners on board the Ayde, 16 in the Michad, and 13 in the Gahriel. The account of the second voyngc will be found at p. 117. The collection of State Papers subsequent to the second voyage contains, among other things — The bryefe account of the expenses of the second voyage, and the names of the venturars, p. 164 ; the trials of the ore, p. 170. The third voyage was undertaken upon a much larger scale, consisting of the ships Ayde, Michael, Gahriel, and Judith, belonging to the Company, to- gether with nine other ships hired for the voyage, and arrangements were made for Captain E. Fenton, with one hundred men, to establisli a fort at Meta Incog- nita. The ships brought home 1,206 tons of ore, which were deposited at Dartfonl, and considerable works seem to have been carried on there in smelting and refining the ore. The State Papers relative to the outfit for the third A'oyage contain — A proportion of the charges for a thyrd voyage, ji. 209 ; the inventorie of the ship Ayde (a curious document deseril)ing her rig aud furniture), ]\ 21 s. mgs iN'TnonrcTioN*. XIII third for a Aydc turc). Tlic third voyage commences at p. 220. The State Paporr subsequent to ih" third voyage relate princi- ])ally to the difficulty exjx-ricnced in collecting the subscriptions, pp. 319-321 ; Mr. Lok's accounts and the answers thereto, pp. 325, 326, 332 ; all the stock o\' the venturers in all the three voyages, p. 358 ; the abuse's of Captain Furbi.shcr against the Companye, p. ;^'5I). On the conclusion of the third voyngo, when it was discovered that the ore would yield no return, ^Messrs. Neale and William Baynham wen; appointed, ].)y letters dated Augu.st 12th, 1580, and ]\liiy Gtli, 1581, to audit the accounts. This report recapitulates the names of all the subscribers for the three voyages -and the l»uild- ings at Dartford. The subscriptions for the three several voyages amounted to £20,345, of wliicli the (»>ueen advanced £4,000. In the account of the pro- j)erty of the Company it is mentioned that Thomas Allen received of Captain Frobisher two ingots of fine gold, weighing 9 pennyweights 8 grains, and two in- gots of fine silver, weighing 7 ounces 18 pennyweights, which said gold and silver proceeded of the melting and workinfj of four cwts. of the ore brought from Meta Incognita in the second voyage. Tiiat of the foresaid workes done at Dartford in the melting and rifining IG tonnes of ore whereof proceeded 210 ounces of fine silver mixed with gold, which was de- livered to Richard Young. Amongst the assets of the Company is stated to be at Dartford 1,300 tons of ore remaining, valued at £13 : G : 8 per ton = £1,733 : G : 8. No further in- formation can be collected respc^cting thr ore, but it is ^" ^^^w^^p^^^pt- XIV i\'n;oi>C('Tio\. to be prcsiuiieil that it did not turn out so valuid)lo, because we find it subsequently recited that tlie like ore may be obtained for £(] a ton, wluneas this cost the Company £16. In the appendix will be fountl a list of the relics of the Frobisher expedition brought home by Mr. ('. F. Hall in 1 8G8, which are now deposited at the lloyal (Geographical Society ; and I am one of those who believe that his exertions in exploring King AN'illiam's Laud for the journals and records of the Franklin expedition will be attended with success. When this island was visited by fSir L. McC'lintock and Captain Hobson, the oround was covered with snow. j\lr. Hall intends passing the summer upon if, and the knowledge he has obtained of the Esquimaux language and character during his two years' residence in Frobisher Soujid will enable him to gain their confidence. The two mnps which accompany the narrative are fiicsimiles of those in the first edition of Hakluyt (lo7S). The island " Croc land,"' in the N.W. corner of the second map, is in all pro])ability a misprint in the original, as in Mercator's " Mappe Monde'" (15(i9) there appears an island called Groetland in this posi- tion. The portrait is taken from the Henrologia, and has been engraved by iVEr. S(3ott. In Watts' Bihliotheca Britannia, ed. 1824, the fol- lowing account is given of Frobisher's voyages : — " A true report of Mr. Martin Frol)isher his third and last voyage, 334 o, l.^TT. " A true report of the last voyage into the west and INTHODlc 'I'loN. XV nortlici'ii regions, etc., ^vo^tll('ly atchfiiicd by Ciiptainc Frol)i.slior, of the said voyno;o the first Fiiulor and (icncrull, S4(5 r, I.-jTS. "A I'raysc & ropoite of JMuister iArartiii Froltishcra Voyage to Alota Incognita, 2:25 fj, 1571). "A Welcome hf»me to Mr. JM. Frobishcr & all those oentlcincn and soiddiers that have been with him tiiis last iourney in the countrey called jVlcta Incognita, which welcome was written since this bookc^ was pnt to the printing & ioyned to the same booke for a true testimony of ( 'hurchyardes good will for the further- ance of iMaister F.'s fame, 2'2.'jf:' In the BlUiothcca GrenvilUana, under Froljisher, p. 25.0, vol. i, is the following : — " A true discourse of the late voyages of discoverie for tlic finding of the passage to Cathaya by tlie Nortli- weast, vnder the conduct of Martin Froljisher, Generall : Deuided into three bookes, London, by Henry Bynny- man, maps, 4to, 1578.'' This is the first account of all the three voyages of Frobisher in 157G-77-78 by George Beste, who sailed with him : it is extremely rare ; a separate and differ- ent narrative of the second voyage only 1)y Settle, wlio lik(»wise sailed with Frobisher, was printed in 1577, i)i 1 2mo., and is also extremely rare ; but the pecuiinr value of this copy is in its po.ssessing the two maps.* "La Navigation du Cap. INTartin Forl)isher Anglois es regions de west et nordwest en I'annee 1577. Pour Antoine Chuppen." 1578, woodcut, 8vo. Tliis French translation is of great rarity. * Tlu'so are the two maps which arc <;iv('n in tlii.s eillHon. ■^^r s5JJUA^«...54J^l^ XVI INTI!(>|)I("IM»N'. "Do Martiiii Foi-bissi'ii Anj^li Niivigatiouc in n'<''(»nr occideiitis ft scptcutrionis, Narratio lli.storia ex Gal- ileo Bormono in Latinum tian.slata por .loan. Tho. Fnigiuin Noribergoc in off. Catharine Ocrlaelion." 1 5 So, 8vo. This is the first Latin edition of Frobislier's st'coiui voyage. "Histoiia navigationis Martini Forbisseri Angli Prcr- toris aive Capitanii a.c. 1577 ex Anglia in septcntrionis et occidentis tractum susccpta ei»hemeridos sive diarii more conscripta et stilo tricnnioque post ex Gallico in Latinum sermonem a J. T. Frei^io translata Hand)iir<»i sumptibus J. Naumanni." 1G7.5, plate, 4to/* It ai)pears that the account of the voyage was also translated into Italian, as in Lowndes' lianjra pi ileal Manual there is the following : — " Scopuniento dcllo Stretto Artico et de ]\Ieta Incognita dar Geo. Lor. Anania." Naples, 1.'582, 8vo. In the Restitvta, by Sir Egerton Brydges, \'ol. ii, will be found " A Rythm Dccasybillical ujion this last luckie voyage of worthie Captainc Frobisher," of which the following are the first and third verses :— T. " Through sundrie foming- iVetes and storming streightcs, That venturous knight of Ithac's soylc did sayle ; Against the force of Syren's caulmed heiglites His noble skill and courage did prevaile. His hap was hard, his hope yet nothing fjailo ; Not ragged rocks, not sinking series or sands. His stoutness stayed from viewing foreign ];inds. * I am indebted to our V'cc-President, the Right Hon. Sir David Dundas, for the loan of a copy of this curious vohimc, as well as for references, which have assisted nir grenlly in dniwing up this iicconnt. En. INTKOIUHTION. XVII •' A riij;lit lu-ioical liciii-f (if IJriliimic blood, VKsscs' iiuil(;li in skill luid murtiiil mi^lit. For Princes fame and euunirios Hpccial ,t,'o()d, Throujrh brat-kisli soas wliero Neptnne reigncs by right, Hath safely sailed in perils great despight. The golden fleeee like Jason hath ho got, And rich retoiirned saunce Iossq or lucklesse lot." AllliAHAM FlRMINO. In conclusion, I have to acknowledge the assistance jinfl ready help which I have received from Mr. K. IT. jNlajor of the lU'itish Museum, whose knowledge, not only of wiiat was required, hut where it was to he ohtained, h;is been of the greatest service to me in l)re[)ariiig this edition. U siK.iMAjrriN fii()I}|siii<:h. knt. " A most vjilouroiiH nmii, iiiid oik! tliiit is lo ho i-cckonotl imi(mj,'.Hl (lie IniiutUHoat iiion of our ago for comisell mid glory gotten ill sea." (Jiimdi'Ji, -Snl edition, lO^o, |). -lUIi. TiiK lollowiug iiceoimt id" the lil'c of Sir Mnrtin Froljislicr liiis liccii derived iVoni Fuller's Wtnihics, Ciunden, ( 'iiinplieUs Lives of ike Admirals, Barrow'a Naval Wort/lies of Queen Klizahelh's Reign, Notes and Queries, p. 47S, June Mtli, 1.S5J), I/istori/ and Anti- (/((ities of Doncaster, by Dr. Miller, and iMS. papers in the British Museum. iJr, Miller says — "It appears that Francis Frobisher* was mayor of Doncaster in ISSi), and was probal)ly the father of JMartiu. Ihifortunately, the parisli re- gister does not CDmmence the baptisms until 1558. However, 1 have found the baptism of several of his relations, viz.: 15(51, May 30th, C*hristian, daughter of William Frobisher; 15 (J 4, March 2nd, Darcye, son of the same : ] ^){]Cy, March 1 Sth, Matthew, son of the same: 15fi7, Jan. 18th, Elizabeth, daughter of ihe same, in Manerser's Account of Yorkshire Faniilies it is stated that the father of Sir Martin Frobisher re- sided some time at Finningley; his mother was daugh- Wil- ter (o Mr. Rogers of Everton His grandfather * HlsU>nj 'I ml AiiHijuHicx iif Ihiir.adnr. ■ MmM XX THK LIFE OF Ham married Margaret, daugliter of \\'illinm Jjoyrilon, of Burmston, Esq. His great groat grandliither, Francis, was recorder of Doncaster, and married Christian, daughter of Sir Brian Hastings, Knt." Campbell, in his Lives of the Admirals, tells us that his father bred him to the sea, but we have little account of his early years. In the State T\^per Office {Domestic, KUzahcth, vol. xl, June 11th, l.OGG) there is a paper entitled Exami- nation of Martin FrobislKir, of Norman ttjn, co. of York, on suspicion of his having fitted out a vessel to go to sea as a pirate ; and there is little doubt l)Ut that he was engaged on a voyage to Guinea about this time. Campbell eontinues— "He distinguished himself first by undertaking tlui discovery of tiie north-west ])as- sag*^', wherein he had no succ<'ss ; yet it gaincid liini great reputation, as he discovered a new promontory or cape, whieli he called tlie Queen's Foreland. In 1.'377 he undertook a second expedition, and in l.")7'S a third, in all which he gave the highest ])ro()f of his courage and conduct in providing for the safety of liis men, and yet [tushing the discovery lie went upon as far as it was possiljle ; so that, notwithstanding his disappointment, lie still preserved his credit in spite of a little accident, which would certainly have oxer- turned the good opinion (Mit(M-tained of a less esteemed commander." Among the State Papers {Domestic, Elizabeth, cxlvi, 1080) there is a grant to M. F. (Martin Fi-obisher) of the office of cK^rk of U.M. ships; and in the same scries, vol. cli, 17. I.")S1. is a ))etition of Tsaliel Fur- lion sill iMAUTlN KKOlilSHKl!. XXl Idislicr, <'om]»liiiniiig that Ca}>t. F. (wlionie (iod i'orgivo) liiul .si)ciit all tlic inoiK.'y loft her and her chiklroii l»y Thomas lluoi^at, her first husband. It is liowcvcr to be hoped that Ik; was not long in getthig ovi^r the dilticulties oeeasioned 1)y the failure of the north-west ore, for \v(j iind him in l.'iS.'i commanding the Prim- rose as vice-admiral, Sir V. Drake being admiral in the Elizaln'tli Bonaveriturc, in tli(.' fleet that was sent to th(! West Indies, when the booty bi'ought home was i;()0,000 and two hundred pieces of brass cannon; and there is no doubt that in this ex))(!dition he must have a'H A)u„ih, p. Vir.U. Upon Friday tlicrc- Cinv, lioing- (he 'li\ of (lie iiioiiclli of .Inly, ccasiiip; IVoni finliliiifr, till' Loitl Ailinii'al (as well for tluii- j^'ood dcscrls and lioimraMc M rvifo, as id.so to encourage olIierK to the like valorj was desirous --»»»» » c X X 1 1 THE I-IFE OF He then aj)]H';irs to luive remained in the Trlumjth to watch the Narrow Seas, as several documents in tlie • iState Paper Oliice prove the exertions which wen; made to provision the iieet under Sir M. Frobisher. In 1590 he commanded an expedition to the coast of Spain and the Islands, and in 1592 he took charge of the fleet fitted out by Sir Walter Raleigh ; and though he had but three ships, yet lie made a shift to burn one rich galleon and to bring home another. In 1591 the King of Spain sent 3,000 troops to the neighbour- hood of Brest, where they had taken up a strong posi- tion. Queen Elizabeth being applied to for assistance, ordered a squadron to be prepared under the command of Sir j\Tartin Frobisher, and in the course of the opera- tions aizainst Fort Crozon, addressed him the followine: characteristic letter : — " Elizabeth R. " 'rnistie and welbeloved, wee greet you well : wee have seen your letter to our Threasuror and our Ad- niyrall, and thereby perceive your love of our service, also by others your owne good carriage, whereby you have wonnc yourself reputation; whereof, for that wee to advance certaine i)ci'Ronages to the degree of knighthood, for that, behaving theiiiselviss manfully, as well with their shi]).s as (heir good advice, tliey were wortliie that degree ol' lionor, and so innoh the more worthie in that, being farrc separated from all eourlly favour, which manic tinn>s imparteth the chiefest honours uiiU) the least deserving men, I hey declared their valonr in the \:yiit^ ol' cither fleet. Thei'cfore the t.t'o Lords, viz., the Lord Howard and the Lord Sheffield, Roger Townescnd, John Hawkins and Martin Pro- bishci- were called foorth, and (he order of knighthood given tlicin l»v tlir Lord JL Adniirall as their general!. SIR MAirnx ntOHlsllKl;. -Will DiRiurs imagine it wil be comfort unto you to undcrstiuul, wee have thought good to vouchsafe to take knowledge of it by our owne hande writinge. "Wee know you are sufficiently instructed from our Admyrall, besides your owne circumspection, liowe to prevent any soddaine mischeife by fire or otherwise upon our fieetc under your charge ; and yet do wee thinkc it will worki' in you the more impression to be by ourselfe againe remembred, who have observed by former experience that the Spaniards, for all their boaste, will truste more to their devices than they dare in deed witli force look upon you. For the rest of my directions, we leave them to such letters as you shall receave from our (V)unsaile. " Given under our j)rivie signet at our numsiou of Richmond the 14th of November, in the thii-ty-sixth yeare of our reigne, 15f)4. "L. S. "To onr trustie and well)eloved " Sir iMai'tine Furlnissher, knight.'"* This l(>tter can only have reached him on his retuiii to J'ly mouth after the fort was takc^n, when Campbell tells us, "The garrr son defended themselves bi-avely till such time as Sir Martin landed his sailors, and desperately storming the place, carried it at once, but with the loss of several captains. Sir IMartin liimself received a shot in his side, and this, through want of skill in his surgeon, proved the cause of his death, which happened at Plymouth within a few days after his return." * Cottonian MS., Oilin. -J, '.'. ^i^vsnnB^iE XMV THE r.TFK OF The t'ollowinii k'ttor to tlic Lord Hidi Admiral must litivc been written fourteen days before his death. " Enghin[d]. — My humble dutie my honorable good L[ord] the viith [of this | mounth by a batterie, under- mininge and a verie dan[g('rous] assault wee have taken this fort with the losse | of ] of our people but non of any aceoumpt. They [defended] it verie resolutlie. And never asked mercie. 8[o | [they] were put all to the swoord savinge five or six th[at] hid thomselfes in the rockes, many of them were slaine [with] our Cannonn and greatt ordenaunce in defend- inge o[f the] breatch with there Captaine one Perithos : " It was tyme for us to goa through with it for Don [Jolni] is advanst within six leagges of our armie with a[n] intente to have succoured them. Sir John No| rris j doth rise this dale and doth martcli towarde th[emj to i\ place called old ( 'roydon : — - "Wee are about to gett in our ordenaunce as fast as w[e] can and so to make our repaire homewardes. Sir J[ohn] Norris would willinglie have some five hundred of [the] sayllers for his bettar strcinght against the da[ie] of mee tinge with don John w[lii]cli I would verie willinglie have don yf we had xitth^s to con- tin[ent all] our fleett heare for the tyme : — "I was shoott in with a bullett at the battrie alongst [the] huckell bono. So as 1 was driven to have an ins[ision] made to take out the bullett. So as 1 am neither [able] to goa nor ride. And the mari- , ners are verie unwi[]linge] to goa except I goa with them myselfe : yctt [yf | I find it to come to an ex- tremitie we will [try] what we arc able : yf we ha not to us with vittles : — " This bearer is able to certiffic you"" honours [ with] (dl thinges at hirge. So with my humble p[rayers] to the Almyghtie for you'' increasse in hon[our]. " Croydon this viiith of Novembre, 15.94. " Your honours most li[und)Ic] " to comandc "J\lr. Mondaie arived the xxviiith of Oetobre at 13reste and brought with him a thousand crownes for our vittlinoe the which was distributed amon2;st the shippes. "Martin Froobiser."* In the register of St. Andrew's parish, Plymouth, 1594, there appears the following : — "Nov. 22nd. Sir Martin Frobisher, knight, being at the fort built against Brest by the Spaniards, de- ceased at Plymouth this day, whose entrails were here interred, but his corpse was carried hence to be liuri('(l in London." "Thus fell," says Camden, "a man of undaunted courago, inferior to none of that age in experience and conduct, or the reputation of a brave commander."' Fuller, in his Worthies of England, says he was " verie valiant, but withal harsh and violeiitf (faults * Caligula, E ix, Pars i, f. 200. t In the State Paper Ofllcc, Uomcstic, Elizabetli, cc.\i.\, August loth, there is the following evidence of unbcconiiny words XXVI LIFE OF SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. mIucIi may be dispensed with in one of his 23rofession), and our chronicles loudly resound the signal service in '88 for which he was knighted." Camden, in the third edition, 1635, p. 433, thus speaks of him : — " Neither was this victory gotten by the English without bloud, very many valliant souldiers being slaine, and Sir Martinc Fourbisher hurt with a small shot in the hip, who, when he had brought back the fleet to Plimmouth, dyed, a most valorous man, and one that is to be reckoned amongst the famousest men of our age for counsell and glory gotten at sea, as by the things which I have before spoken plainly ap- peareth." Campbell concludes thus : — " He was one of tlu* most able seamen of his time, of undaunted courage, great presence of mind, and equal to almost any undertaking, a true patriot, yet in his courage blunt, and a very strict ol )server of discipline, even to a de- gree of severity, which hindered his being beloved." spoken by Sir Martin Frobisher against Sir Francis Drake, callino: bim a cowardly knave and traitor. STATE PAPERS PREVIOUS TO TPIE FIRST AOYAGE. T. NOTE OP NAVrOATIOXS IIEUETOFOIIE ATTEMPTED. n. A uiscovEav op lands beyoxd the equinoctial HI. A DISCOtJKSE COXCERXINCi A STIUIGHTE TOWAKDE THE -NOKTHWESTE. IV. A KEPLY TO TUB AHOVE DISCOUKSE. TO UE DISCOVEKED B a« i/ ^ degree, STATE PAPERS PREVTOITS TO THE FIHST VOYAfiE. [Cofoninl, No. 21. fhmeati'c, cvi, No. 77. H/i:., 157*) ?] A NOTK OF CKRTAYNE NAVIGATIONS HKRTOFFORE ATTEMPTEn FOR TIIK, UISCQVERTK OF A TASSAOE TllUOUOm; THE STRAIGIITES OWT OF THE NORTH E SEA INTO THE SOUTH SEA. Ix the countrey of America towardcs the northo, al'outc the .sixtio degree, there i.s an elbowc of a land lyinff verie farrc into the .sea, which is called the head of Laborer. And on the southc side there is a veric hroade bay lying towardes the westc, and of suche a breadth that it somcth, bothe in the verie entry and after, to be a grcatc sea, ff'or yt lyeth oute aboute three or foure hundred inylcs, and hathe verie many ilandes, and all the yere throughe there are in the same huge heapes of ise, which bay is called Dusmendas. Anno 14!)f). In tlie yere of our Lord 1490, in the rcigne of kyng Henry the Seventh, Sebastian Cabotte, who afterward was chieffc jiilot of Spayne, was sent oute of England by the said king, with two shippes, to fynd oute the passage oute of the Northe Sea unto the South, tiiat the way into the countreys which are called Mangi Sepango and Cataya might be opened ; which Sebastiane Cabotte, going furth on his voyage by the coastes of the ilandes, that so he might come into America about the sixtie degree, found greate mountains of ise and ilandes covered with snowe in the moneth of Julie when he was but under the sixtie degree onlie towardes the north, which countrey, finding contrary to his expectacion, he went round aboute, and beholding so greate abundance of ise, was in doubte that he should find any waye, and therforo re- tourned into England again, which hilles of ise there growe because dyvers rivers of sweete waters round downe from either side of the pro- montory which is not of the salte sea water ; ft'or this is to be noted, that the sea it self never freesethe. This daylie experience which we have by the shippes which yerelie go oute of England into Moscovia teacheth us whiche in the somer season retorne from thence into Eng- land in fyve monethes space. At which tyme of the yere oure countrey men fynd no suche ise or snowe there. Althoughe they passe under the 72 or 73 degree which is xij. or xiij. degrees nerer the Pole than Cabot was. Anno l.")00. Moreover, in the yere of our Lord 1500, one Caspar Cortesrcales, a pilot of Portingale from the northe parte of America was in these ilandes with two shippes, and brought with hym from thence threescore captyves or slaves. Hut to find oute the pa.ssage oute of the North Sea into the Southe we must sayle to the (JO degree, that is, from (Ki unto (J8. And this pas- 4 STATE PAPEnS sage is called the Narowo Sea or Streicto of the three Brcthcrcn ; in which passage, at no tyme in the yere, is ise wonte to be found. The ca\ise is the swifto ronnyng downc of sea into sea. In the north side of this passage, John Scolus,' a pilot of Dcnmeikc, was in anno 1-17(). The southc side also of this passage was found of a Spanyard in anno 1541, who, travayling outo of Newe Spayne with a certain band of souldiers, was sent by the vice roy into this coaste ; who, when he was come to this coaste, found certain shippes in a certain haven which came thither oute of Cataya laden with merchandise, having in theire fKagges hanging oute of the foreshippcs certain bunles payntcd called alcatrizjc. The mariners also declared by signcs that they came oute of Cataya into that port in xxx. daycs. [Lansdoicne MS., C, fol. 142-6.] A DISCOVKRY OF LANDS UEYONI) THE EQUINOCTIAI,. 1. The matter hit selfe that is offred to be attempted. 2. That hit is feisible. 3. What mcancs we hauc commodiously to attchiue yt. 4. The Commodities to grow of hit. 5. An awnswere of suche difficulties and matters as maic be obiectcd. 6. That there is no injurie ofl'red to any Prince or couutreye, nor any offence of amitie. 7. The otter for pcrformingc therof withoute her Majestie's chardge. 8. Matters thought vppon to be praied for her Majestie's good allow- ance of the Enterprise and direction of the procedinge, alwaies both re- ferring the particularities therof to further consideration and to your Lordships' advice and judgement. 1. The matter hit self that is offred to be attempted. The discouerie, traffique and cnioyenge for the Quenes IMajestie and her subiectes of all or anie landes, islandes and countries southe wardes beyonde the equinoctial, or where the Pole Antartik hathc anie elevation above the Ilorison, and which landes, islandes and countries be not alredic possessed or subdued by or to the vse of anie Christian Prince in Europe as by the charts and descriptions shall appere. 2. That hit is feisible. The seas and passage, as farrc as Bresill and Magellanes streight and the Portugal's navigations to the Moluccas, which all doe lie beyonde the zona torrida, beinge ofte and dailie passed bie theise nations and knowen to oure owen mariners doe shew hit possible. And the more for 1 The person here reftrredto is the Polish pilot John Szkolny, whose name is misspelt Scolvus by AVyltliet {Descript. Ptol. Aupmenhim, Lovanii, 1507, p. 188); Pontanus (llerum. Danicantm Jlistnria, Anist., KiHl, p. 7(i:)); and Horn {Ulyssea, Ludg. Bat., I(i71, p. ;i:ir)). He was, as here stated, in the service of Christian II, King of Denmark in 147(i, and is said to have landed on the coasts of Labrador, after passing Norway, Greenland, and the Fries- land of the Zeni. PREVIOUS TO THK FIRST VOYAGE. i name ir.!)7, ; ami n the landed Fries- thut the landcs which wc scko liciig not onclio bcyondo the said zone, but iilso beyonde tlio course of the PortugallH saylyngc, und approch- inge more to the I'olc, from the requiuoctial draweth stylle more to the temper of Knglonde and the knowen regions of Euro|)C. 3. The mcuues that wo hauc to attchiue hit. Ships of our owen wel prepared. Tiio weste contrie licnge the aptcsto of all partes of Englonde for navigation southcwarde. l\Iiirriners and sailers to whome the passage as most thither is knowen. The good and wclkomc commodities that from Englond shalbe caried to that people, who, lienge in the temper of Engloud aud other partes of Europe, cannot but lyko well of clothe whcrin we most liabounde, and the transportation wherof is most uecessario for our people at home. 4, The commodities, etc. The cnlarginge of Christian faithe which those naked barbarous people are most apto to receiue, and especiallic when hit shal not carie with hit the unnaturall aud incredible absurdities of papistrie. The grote honor to her Majestic to have encrcscd the faith and her d[ominions]. The aptnes and, as hit were, a fatall convenience that since the Por- tugall hathe atteined one parte of the newefoundc worlde to the Este, the Spauiardc an other to the Weste, the Erenche the thirde to the Northe, nowc the fourthc to the southe is by God's providence lefte for Englonde, to whom the other in tymes paste haue bene fyrste offred. The cncresc of the nauigation of Englonde, of which commoditie, both for wclthe and saftutic, euoughe can not be saidc. The lyklihoode of bringinge in grete tresuro of gold, sylver and perlc into this rehno from those countries, as other Princes haue oute of the lyke regions. The enrichinge of the rclme with all other sortes of commodities that the same landes doe beare, which are lyke to be infynite and had with small price and for the onclie fetchinge ; aud accordinge to the diversy- ties of clymes, yt is moste lykelie that the manifolde diversytie of com- modities wilbe fownde aud mustc neilcs habundc, for that by traffitjue and exportance they haue not hitherto bene wasted. The scttinge of our idle and nedie people to worke and providinge for thcim bothe in the travaile of the navigation and the worke of clothes and thinges to be caried thither. The avoydinge of discommodities and perills that we be nowe sub- iccte vnto, when the wclthe aud worke of our laude and people dc- peudethe partlio vpon the will of our skante trustie neighbours for ventinge our clothes and commodities. The abatingc of the prices of spices and suchc commodities that we now haue at the Portugals and Spauiardcs handes, wherby they encrcse their riches vppon our losse, when much spices and suche lyke here 6 STATli I'Al'KRS BpcDtc and bought dearc of thciin do with the Icmso quantitie cohkuiiiu the vallewe of our clothes that they receiue. The cncre.se of the quantitie of goldo and sylver that Hhalbe lirouglit outc of Spaino hit self into Euglond when the commoditic.H comiuge oute of Sjmine, hecomingc this wale chcper, and ho lessc countervailing the vallewe of our clothes caried thyther, the ouerplus uhal come more plentifullio hither in treasure. That wc shall rccciuo lesso of spices and sucho commodities from Spainc havinge them from elswherc : and so the more of the retorne of our commodyties from thcim in gold and sylver, which nedes muste be a grcte commoditic when at this daio reccvinge muche of our spices and southerne wares from Spainc and at dere jirices: yet the sylver brought from thence is said to be the chief furniture of her ilajtsties raynto. i'). Answerc to the difficulties, etc. The passinge of the whote [hot] clyme or zona torrida. This hathe bene passed vi tymes by Magellaiis. The zona torrida is yerlie in everie voyage of the Portugalle to the iMolucca; passed iiij tymes, and everie voyage of the Spaniardes to Brasyle hit is passed twice. iSoridric of our owen nation and some suchc as are to goe in these voyages hauo passed hit to Guynie, IJrasylc and other places. The Portugals whole navigation to the Moluccic, besydes his iiij tymes in everie voyage passinge vnder the ajijuinoctial, liethc whoUie nigh the same lyne. The coutries that we scke soe lie that our course continucthe not ncre the lyne, but crossinge the same, styll hastethe dircctlie to the temper of our owen regious. 5. The perils of the Portugals or Sjjaniards violence that shall envie our passage. Our strcngthe shali)c suche as "e feare hit not, besydes that we meaue to kepc the Ocean and not to enter in or uere any their portes or places, kepto by their force. The dispeopling of Englonde. It is no dispeoi)linge. The people aboude as apperethc by the uomber greter then can welbe ])rovided for: and the dailie losse by execution of lawe, and no evill poUicie to dis- burthen the land of some excesse of people. The wastiiige of marriners and furuiturt of shippinge. It is the encrese of marriners and the skylfullcste sorte and the provisyon of shippinge as by the ensample of Spaine and Portugal!, and the Freucho is sene who haue by meanes of their trafhijue to the Indies and the Newfoudlande a grcte nomber of grete ships more then ere that tyme they had or could set on work. The absence of merriners and shippinge in farrc voyages when we male nede them at homo. This reason is general 1 against all naviga- tion to forren partes which yet is the verie true defense of the rehue. And in all theise reasons is to be noted that none are to passe withowt her Majestie's permission, and as to her heighncs and her couusell from tyme to tyme shall apere mete to be spared. I'UKVKIUS TO TIIK tlKST VOYAOK. (i. Thut tiici'u ib no iiijurU, &c. ; Thu Ftrunchu liiivc their |)urtiou to tho northwarJc diructlic cuntraric to tluit which wc sekc. Fur tlic phiccs ulrctliu ubiluud uud inhabited by thu Spaniard ur i'urtuguli wo scko no possc8.sion nor interest. But if occasion be Ircu Irendlic tratKi^ue with theiui aud tiiuir subiuctcs which is as hiwtull as niiichu w)'thuut iniurio as fur tiio (Queues subiectcs to ti'aHi(iiie.s as uierchantH in I'urtugall or Sjainu hit self. The passage by the same seas that they doe, ottVingo to take uotiiing from them that they hiiue ur claymo to haue ; is not prohibited nor can be without iniurie or oH'cnsc of aniitie on tiieir parte tliat shall forliyd hit. The voyages to Guynea and trathkinge in Mexico and in tlie vcrie piuccM of tho Spaniards |)osse.ssion iiathe in the president of llawkyns voyage bene defended by lier Alaje.-tie and cminsell as frendlie and liiwfull doengcs ; much more this which is but passinge in the open sea by theim to places that they nether hobl nor knowc. Be.syde that not ouelie trafyke but also possession, plantinge of people and habitation hathe bene alredie iudged lawfull for other naiiuns in suche places as tlie Spaniardes or Portugals haue not alredie added to ther posse.-Miou. As is proved by her .VLiJesties most honorable and lawfull graunte to Thomas Stncle and his compaiiic fur terra Florida. Also the Ffrcncho mens inhabitynge in Florida and IJresile, who albeit they acknowledge the Pope's authoritie in suche thinges as they grant to perteino to him, yet in this vniucr.sall and naturall right of traf!i<|ue aud temporall dominion they haue nut holden them bounde by his power ; but do expuunde his donation to the iSpaniardes and Portugals either as a matter not perteyningc to the Pope's authoritie, or at lesto not byndinge any other person.s princes or nations but the Spaniards or Portugals ouelic, who onelic submitted themselucs, aud were parties to the Pope's judgment in that behalf. 7. The offre for performinge, iSic. The gentlemen that offre this enterprise shall at their charge and adventure of them selves and suche as shall willinglie ioyne themselves to their companie performe the whole voyage at their owen chardges and toward the same shall set forward iiij good ships, wherin they will emploie v. MIL, viz., 2,00011. in shippinge and furniture, 2,00oll. in victails aud necessaries for the companie, and one 1,00011. in clothe and merchandise fytte fur the people ; wherwithe we truste hit wilbe atchived. And afterward as God shall prospere or sende occasion they will at their owen charge pursue the same. 8. Matters thought vp&u, k.c. : That her Majestic wilbe plesed to give her letters patcntes to the authors and fellowship of this voyage in nature of a Corporacion. That hit will please her Mujcstye in the .same letters patentes to [put] wordes of her good allowance and lykinge ef their good meaninge [and] 8 STATK PAl'KRS add suche francliizc and privcledgc as in tliis case is rei]uisytc [ami] in the lyke hathe bene grannted. That hit will plcso her ]\Iaicstic by the same letters patentes to stablishe some lonuc of gouernance and authoritie in some persons of tlic coiiipaiiio of this adventure so as by some rcgimente, obedience, qniet vnitio and ordti' maic be preserved. That hit will also plcsc her .Majestie to give her Ilighnes r.jieciall letters bothc of testimonial! that these adventures bu lier h[ighnes] subiectes entcrprisinge this voyage with her favore and also her letters of commendations to all princes and peoples for their lovinge and favorable enterteinement ami trallinuc. That some speciall rules and orders suche as the companio shall thincke nieto to bo kepte craongstc theim maie bo confirmed by her i\Iaiesties authorytie, and further sujjplic of lyke ordinances to be made from tyme to tymc by the gDuerncri of her lliglines, to be ajjpointed for the direction of the voyage ; for the agreement and obedience of the parties, for the contribution and : TO THK KIKST VoVACiK. 11 sufficieute, howc imjiossible it is, all circumstances considered, to u: )^^0]Can((cS %• \^'ty of , n^4r(^ lit la ni Id J n Jiar M jnr. ^^eru j^m//^ f^ ..-i^ ierrci ojtji necfo V^T" Z X ^ -^- -^ V ^ 'fo['us..4»i'i'-/; SOVTH TVORT H CoUiiAnliirttcaS SOVTH * LA' Tn tl alscj In Tmi ivwi^v^a aas/,^ A TRUE DISCOURSE OF THE LATE VOYAGES OF r3ISC0VERIE FOR FINDING OF A PASSAGE TO CATHAVA, BY THK NORTH-WEAST, UNDER THE CONDUCT OF MARTIN FROniSHER GENERAL. DEVIDED INTO THREE HOOKES. /// t/ic First whereof is shewed, his first voyage. Wherein also by the way is scttc out a Gcographicall description of tlie VVorlde, and what partes thereof have bin discovered by the Navij^ations of the Englishmen. Also, there are annexed ccrtayne reasons, to prove all partes of the Worldc habitable, with a gcncrall Mappc adjoyned. J)i the Second, is set out his second voyage, with tlie adventures and accidents thereof. In the third, is declared the strange fortunes which hapned in the third, witli a suvciall description of the countrcy and the people there inlmhiling. Witli a particular C"ard thereunto adjoined of AL/a /inci^iii/a, scj farre forth as the secretes of the voyage may permit. AT LONDON, Imprinter] hy Henry Bvnnvman, servant to the right Ilonourahle Sir Chrislo]iher Ilatton, \'izchamberlaine. .Uitio Domini 1578. MA 1. Fin of nt'M discovi 2. I munitii 3. h they n( or otlie 4. h money. 5. "}] taines c 6. H and wir 7. H for the guage, clc^ont of theev hngenes tempest( taines, d taking m •"■" » ^» aau. WHAT COMMODITIES AND INSTRUCTIONS MAY HE RKArKI) IJY DIIJCENT HEADING 'JTIIS DISCOURSE. 11 1 [ 1. First, by example may be gathered, how a discoverer of new countries is to proceede in his first attempt of any discovcrie. ''Z. Item, how he shoulde be provided of shipping, victuals, munition, and choice of men. 3. Howe to proceede and dealc with straunge people, he they never so barbarous, cruell and fierce, eyther by lenitie or otherwise. 4. How trade of marchandize may be made withoute money. 6. How a pilot may deale, being environed wyth moun- taines of ise in the frosen sea. 6. How lengths of dayes, chaungc of seasons, sommers and winters, do differ in sundry regions, 7. How dangerous it is to attempt new discoveries, either for the length of the voyage or the ignorance of the lan- guage, the want of interpretors, newe and unaccustomed ele...«jntes and ayres, straunge and unsavery meats, daungrr of theeves and robbers, fiercencsse of wilde beasts and fishes, hugcnessc of wooddes, daungerousncsse of seas, dreade of tempestes, feare of hidden rockes, steepcncssc of moun- taines, darknesse of sodaine falling fogges, rontinuall paiiies taking withoute anye reste, and infinite others. 16 WHAT INSTRUCTIONS MAY Hi; KKAl'KD. 8. ITow plcasaunt and profitable it is to attempt new dis- coveries, either for the sundry sights and shapes of stranufc beastcs and fishes, the wonderful workes of nature, the dif- ferent manners and fashions of diverse nations, the sundry sortes of gouernmcnto, the sight of straunge trees, fruite, foules, and bcastes, the infinite treasure of pearle, gold and silver, the newcs of new fou?'^ 'indcs, the sundry positions of the sphere, and many othc 9. How valiaunt captaines use to deale upon extremitie, and otherwise. 10. How trustie souldicrs dutifully use to scrue. 11. Also here may be seene a good example to be ob- serued of any priuate person, in taking notes, and making obseruations of al such things as are requisite for a dis- coucrer of new countries. 12. Lastly, the reader here may see a good paternc of a well governed service, sundryc instructions of matters of cosmographie, geographic, and navigation, as in reading more at large may be scene. It TO THE RIGHT IIONOURARLE, MY SINGULAR GOOD MAYSTRR, SIR CHRISTOPHER IIATTON, KNIGHT, CAl"l'AINE OF THE QUEKNES MAJESTIES GARDE, VIZCHAMHERLAINE TO IIIR HIGHNKSSE, AND ONE OF HIR MAJESTIES MOST HONOURABLE I'RIVIE COUNSALE. Right honorable, when I first cntcndcd the voyage of tlis- ['P}'>, „ ' J " I'.plsUe Da- covcric wyth il/r. Frobishcr,iox the fincKngof the passage to ''"='"■"'^^•1 Cataya (bcyng a matter in ourc age above all other notable) I applyed mysclfe wholy to the science of cosmographie, and secrets of navigation, to the ende, I might enable myselfe the better for the service of my countric,not only to understandc what 1 read and heard others speake, but also to execute in effect, and practise with my owne hands, the dutie and office appcrtayning to a marriner : and so thereby be better able to make a true reporte of al occurrents in the same voyage. And for that now the common reporte thereof is so vaine and uncertaine, by cause some men rather contendyng what they are able to say, than considering what in truth they should and ought to say, whereby, by sundrie men's fantasies, sundry untruths are spred abroad, to the gret slaunder of this so honest and honorable an action, I have thought good to lay open to your honorable judgement, the plain truth, and ful discourse of the whole service, which I have taken upon ine (though altogether unable) to write, and to dedicate unto your Honor especially, for these spcciall causes following. Fiistc, the world doth witnusse, and I myselfe by good proofe c 18 THE EPISTI.K DEDICATORY. have tasted and found, being a man by your honorable good- nesse and good countenance, specially supported, and even (as it were) the handy worke of your ownc hands, how honorable a regard you bearc to vortuc, liowc rcadye to countenance the meanest man that truely serveth his countric, howe willing to give unto suche both grace and opinion with hir Majestic, howe ready to procure rewarde there, for those that shall justlye merite the same. And there withall con- sidering the sounde judgement you have to discern, as wcl in this, as in al other causes of waight. And knowing wel •what place you hold with hir highnesse, (who for the faith- full service you dayly doe hir, as wcl in courtc, as common weale, whyche nowc by the true tuchstonc of time, and long experience, shee hath foundc, and therefore contirmcth a faste and sure opinion in you wyth the chicfest) I have specially thought it n-^'cssarye, besides my dutic (whichc above all the M'orlde . / allcageaunce reserved, I owe you moste) for those respects to make relation of this service unto your Honoure above others. And for that this action, both for the worthinesse o^ the attempt, for the good and quiet government, for the grc.ite and marvelous daun- gers, for the straunge and unknownc accidents of the un- knowne corners of the worlde, above all others, may appeare moste notable and famous : I have bono the rather desirous to take some pain therein, and what I have a ship-boorde rudely and unordcrly framed or observed, to commend to your honourable construction the same : being willing rather to hazarde mine own shame, by shewing my selfe an insuffi- cient writer which perchance maye seeme somewhat besides my profession) than that so honest and worthy attempts of our ownc nation, with the example of so wel a governed service, should lye hidden from your Honour's sight. And for that I will be injurious to no man, whyche in this action hath borne place, and well discharged the same, and that those men with the maner of their dayly proceedings there, by name may be knowen unto yon, I have in their place TIIK •PlSTLi; DKDICATOKY. 19 to de to ler ffi- des of ncd ace remcmbred them in order as bocommoth : and have not onely named each principall, but cverye private person (if by any speciall service hee hath merited the same) to the ende, that the wel deserving man, rcceyving the due commendation of his doserte, may be encouraged to continue, and take pleasure in wel doing after, and others being animated by like ex- ample, may for hope of like reward also, desire to deserve wel. By this discourse, it may please your Honour to behold the greate industrie of cure present age, and the invincible mindes of our Englishe nation, who have never lefte anye worthy thing unattempted, nor anye parte almostc of the whole world unsearched, whome lately, ncyther stormcs of seas by long and tedious voyages, danger of darke fogs and hidden rockes in unknown coastcs, congealed and frozen seas, with mountains of fleeting ise, nor yet present dayly before their face, coulde anye white dismay, or cause to desiste from intended enterprises ; but rather preferring an honour- able death before a shameful rctourne, have (notwithstanding the former dangers,) after many pcrillous repulses, recovered their desired port. So that, if now the passage to Cataya thereby be made open unto us, (which only matter hytherto hath occupied the finest heades of the world, and promiseth lis a more riches by a nearer way than tyther Spaine or Portugale possesseth) whereof the hope (by the good indus- trie and great attomptes of these men is greatly augmented) or if the golde ore in these new discoveries founde out, doc in goodnesse as in greate plenty aunswere expectation, and the successe do followe as good, as ^he proofe thereof hitherto made, is great, we may truely infer, that the Englishman in these our dayes, in his notable discoveries, to the Spaniard and Portirgale is nothing inferior : and for his hard adven- tures, and valiant resolutions, greatly superior. For what hath the Spaniarde or Portingale done by the southeast and southweast, that the Englishman by the northeast and north- weast hath not countervailed the same .' c % 20 THE KPISTI.K DEDICATORY. And albeit I confesse that the Englishc have not hythcrto had so ful successe of profit and commoditie of pleasaunt place (considering that the former nations have happily chanced to travel by more temperate clymatcs, where they had not onlyc good meates and drinkes, but all other things necessarie for the use of man) all whiche things, the English, travelling by more intemperate places, and as it were with mayne force, making waye throughe seas of isc, have wanted, which notwithstanding argueth a more resolution : for Dijffi- ciliora 2mlchriora, that is, the adventure the more hard the more honorable : yet concerning the perfecter knowledge of thcworM, and gcographicall description, (wherein the pre- sent age and posteritie also, by a more universal understand- ing is much furthered, as appcareth by my universall mappe with pricked boundes here annexed) herein, the Englishman deservcth chlcfe honour above any other. For neyther Spaniard nor Portugale, nor anye other besides the English, have bin found, by so great dangers of ise, so neare the Pole, to adventure any discoverie, whereby the obscure and un- knowen partes of the world (which otherwise had laine hid) have bin made knowen unto us. So that it may appearo, that by our Englishmen's indus- tries, and these late voyages, the world is grown to a more fulnessc and perfection ; many unknowen lands and ilands, (not so much r tnought upon before) made knowen unto us : Christ's name spred : the Gospell preached ; infidels like to be converted to Christianitie, in places where before the name of God had not once bin hearde of: shipping and seafaring men, have bin employed : navigation and the navie (which is the chief strength of our realm) maintayned : and gentle- men in the sea service, for the better service of their country, wel experienced. Al whiche things are (no doubt) of so gret importance, as being wel wayed,may seeme to counter- vayle the adventures charges ; although the passage to Cataya were not found out, neither yet the golde ore prove good, wher of both the hope is good and gret. Rut not- THE EPISTLE DBDICATORY. c- so r- to ve ■ot- withstanding all these, even in this (if no otherwise) hyr most excellent Majestie hath reaped no small profit, that she may now stand assured, to have many more tried, able and sufficient men against time of need, that are (which without vaunt may be spoken) of valour gret, for any great adven- ture, and of governement good for any good place of service. For this may truly be spoken of these men, that there hath not bin scene in any nation, being so many in number, and so far from home, more civill order, better governement, or agreement. For even from the beginning of the service hitherto, there hath neither passed mutinie, quarrel, or notorious fact, cither to the slaunder of the men, or daunger of the voyage, although the gentlemen, souldiers, and mar- riners (whichc seldorae can agree) were by companies matched togither. But I may perchance (right Honourable) seeme to dis- course somewhat too largely, especially in a cause that (as a partie) son ewhat conccrneth my sclfe ; which I doe, not for that I doubt of your honorable opinion already conceived of the men, but for that I know, the ignorant multitude is rather ready to slander, than to give good encouragement by due commendation to good causes, who, respecting nothinge but a present gaine, and being more than needefully suspitiuus of the matter, do therwithall condemne the men, and that Ayithout any further respect, either of tlieir honest intents, either of their wel performing the matter they dyd undertake (which according to their direction, was specially to bring home ore) either else of their painful travel (which for their J'rince, and the publicke profile of their countries cause they have sustained.) 13 ut by the way, it is not unknown to the world, that this our native country of England in al ages hath bred up (and specially at this present aboundeth with) many forward and valiant minds, fit to take in hand any notable enterprise ; wherby appeareth, that if the Englishman had bin in times paste as fortunate and foreseeing to acceot occasion offered, 22 THE EPISTLK DEDICATORY. as he hath bin always forwarde in executing an^e cause once taken in hand, he had bin worthily preferred before all nations of the worlde, and the Weast Indies had now bin in the possession of the Englishe. For Columbus, the firste Discoverer of the AVeast Indies, made firste offer thereof, with his service, to King Henry the scaventh, then Kyng of Englande, and was not accepted : Whereuppon, for want of entertainement here, hee was forced to go into Spainc, and offered there (as before) the same to Ferdinando, Kyng of Castyle, who presently acceptyng the occasion, did first himsclfc, and now his successors, enjoy the bcnefite thereof. Also Sebastian Cubota, being an Englishman, and born in Bristoicc, after he had discovered sundrie parts of new found lande, and attempted the passage to Cataya by the North- west, for the King of England, for lacke of entertainment here, (notwithstanding his good desert) was forced to sceke to the Kinge of Spaine, to whose use hee discovered all that tract of Brazil, and about the famous river liio de la Plata, and for the same, and other good services there, was after- wards renowmed, by title of Piloto Maggiore, that is Graunde Pylote, and constituted chiefe officer of the Contractation house of Sivilla : in whiche house are handled all matters concerning the Weast Indies, and the revenues therof ; and further, that no Pylot shoulde be admitted for any discoverie but by his direction. But there hath bin two speciall causes in former age, that have greatly hindered the English nation in their attempts. The one hath bin, lacke of liberalitie in the nobilitic, and the other want of skill in the cosmographie, and the arte of navi- gation. Whiche kinde of knowledge is verye necessary for all oure noblemen, for that wee being ilanders, our chiefest strength consisteth by sea. But these twoo causes are nowe in this present age (God be thanked) very well reformed ; for not only hir majestic now, but all the nobilitic also, having THE EPISTLK DliDICATORY. 28 perfect knowledge in Cosmographie, doe not only with good wordes countenance the forward minds of men, but also with their purses do liberally and bountifully contribute unto the same, whereby it cometh to passe, that navigation, whiche in the time of King Henry the 7th was very rawe, and toke (as it were) but beginning (and ever since hath had by little and little continuall increase) is now in hir Majcstie's raign growcn to his highest perfection. Thus right Honorable, as I have in these my first travels in these late voyages, upon such occasions as passed there, nowe rendered your honour this bare and true accompte : so being further resolved to offer myself a continual sacrifice with the first, for hir Majestic and my country, in thys or any other like service, I intend (God willing) according to this beginning, if any thing hereafter fall out worth the mcmorie to present your honourc therewithal!, and from time to time to advertise you of every particular. And in all these things which I deliver now, or shal hereafter advertise, 1 humbly praye, your honour would vouchsafe to give some credit thereunto, and rather to thinke, I may be deceived, than that I mcanc to deceive, colour, or conceale any thing, for I neither can, nor wil, use any flourish in the matter, but a bare truth in all : and thereupon I give my poore credite unto your honour in pawue. And herein I humbly pray pardon, for my rude order of writing, which proceedeth from the barren brayne of a souldicr and one professing amies, who dcsircth rather to be wel thouii;ht of with vour honour, for his well meaning, than for anye hys cunning writing at all. And thus, having presumed to present these untimely and unripe fruitcs to your hcnoures beste and favourable con- struction, I humbly take aiy leave, beseeching God to blesse you, as I do faithfully serve, and will honor you ever. 'Ihc handle worke of your Honours handes and faithfully to serve you ever, GKOUCiK JJliSTE. THE PRINTER TO THE READER. Forasmuch as (gentle Reader) these three voyages hitely made by our countrymen performed, do both for the matter of discoverie, for the strange and unknown accidentes, for the rare and hard adventures, and also for the good and dis- crete order of government, appeare above all others most notable and famous : I have bin specially desirous, by all meanes possible 1 could, to procure the publication thereof, thinking it too great an injurie to our common wealth, to burie in oblivion so worthy attemptes of our owne nation, and to hide the ensample of so good and so well a governed ser- vice. And for that (as I understand) many trifling Pamphlets have bin secretly thrust out, not only without the consent of the captaynes and executioners of the same, but also rather to the great disgrace of the worthy voyage, than otherwise, I having intelligence of a substantiall discourse whiche was diligently written thereof, and privately dedicated to my very Honourable Mayster, Sir Christopher Hatton Knight, by a gentleman of his own, who was personally present a captain in all the same service ; I have, without making privic the authour, procured his coppie out of the handes of a friende of mine, who had the writing and perusing thcrof, and have presumed to publish and imprint the same, to the ende that thereby I mighte (gentle reader) as well satisfye thy greedy expectation, by unfolding these newe and unknowcn matters, whereof the nature of man is most desirous, as also to per- forme that dutie whiche I owe unto my sayde Honourable Mayster, in publishing such things as are directed unto him. And for that the mater is worthy to passe under the protec- tion of his honourable name, I have hcerein bin willing, rather to bcare the burthen of the authorcs private dis- THE PRINTER TO THh READER. 25 pleasure, if therewith he should afterwards bo offended, than not by publishing the same, seeme not only to do a publicke iujurie unto my native countrey, but also shew a lightc regarde of my duetic, in obscuring the doyngs and travels of him, or anye of his, whose honour (us T am chiefcly bound) I tender more than my owne safetie. And albeit I have in a fewe places somewhat altered from my copie, and wronged therby the authoure, and have soughte to conceale upon good causes some secretes not fitte to be published or revealed to the world (as the degrees of longitude and latitude, the dis- tance, and true position of places, and the variation of the compasse,) and whiche ncverthelesse, by a gcnerall, and par- ticular mappe concerning the same, hcereuuto annexed, is so sufficiently explained, that easilie anything appertcyning unto the voyage, or in this discourse mentioned, may sCiisibly be undcrstode ; and though the matter be entirelie the authours owne, yet am I contented (for thy sake) rather than the same shoulde not be published, to beare the burthen of blame, and to abide the reprofe of the faultes escaped, taking upon me that reproche of presumption, and hazarding my name to the world, all which things the author peradventure taketh for so great disgraces, as willingly he would not ad- venture in his owne name the publishing thereof. But specially, for that the commendation of a historic consisteth in truthe and playnenessc, I have desired to bring forth, and prefer (before other pamphlets) the same, knowing that the authore thereof, in nothing more than in truth, desircth to maynteyne credite with this honourable personage, unto whome with his owne hand written, he hath privately dedi- cated the same, as by the epistle dedicutorie may appeare. If therefore thou shalte accept my well meaning in good parte, and yeelde but deserved prayse to the authoure for doing, and thankes to me for publishing the same, it shall suffice to make me thinke my travell well therein employed. And so iare vou well. THE FYKST 1300 KE OF THE FIRST VOYAGE OP MARTIN FROTilSIlER, ESQUIER, CAPTAYNE GENERALL FOR THE DISCOVERIE OF THE I'ASSAGE TO CATAYA AND THE EAST INDIA, BY THE NORTH W EAST, FIRST ATTEMPTED IN ANNO DOM. 1576, THE 15. OF MAY. Cicero, Ollic, lib Man is borne not only lo serve his owne turne (as Tullie siiyetli), but his kinsfolke, friends, and the common wealth especially, loke for some furtherance at hys handes, and some frutes of his laboure : where upon sundry men finding them- selves as it were tyed by this bond and dutie of humane society, have willinglye endeavoured sundry wayes to shew themselves profitable members of their common weale. Some men by study of the minde, have employed themselves to give out good lawes and ordinances for governement, as Solofi, Lyctiryus, and others. Some have spente their time in de- vising artes and sciences, for the better sharpening of man's witte, and the easier expressing his conceytcs, as in time past Aristolle for Logicke and Philosophic, Cicero and Demos- thenes for llethoricke, Euclide and others for Arithmeticke and Geometric. Others againe by long and diligent obser- vation, have found out the motion and courses of the celestiall Orbes, that thereby man might have the distinction of rVsirouomie. timcs aud scasons, the better to direct his doings both for taking paynes and rest, north side it was thoMght(; sonuitime to be bounded with islandes — Hebrides, Orcades, aiul lli/perhorci montes in Sarmalia of Europf!. W\\\ U()W(!, by the navigiilioii of the I'lnglishemen, 1) 34 THE FIHST VOYAGE Africa. A«iH. Terra Septeii- triounlis. the boundcs arc extended unto that sea which compasscth Norway, Laplande, and Moscovia. Affrica is bounded wcstwardc with the sea Atlanticum-, southward with tlie South Ocean, passing by Cape d'Buona Speranza; eastwarde with the Red Sea; and northwarde by the sea Mcditerrancum. Asia is bounded on the south side with the South Ocean ; on the easte side with Mare Eoum, and the Straightc Anian; on the north side with the Scithian Sea ; on the weaste side with the meridian of the river Tanais, and parte of the sea Mediterraneum, as Pontiis Euxinus, Mare Egciim, Sinus Issicus, and the Red Sea. Terra Scptcntrionalis is divided from Asia by the Scythian Sea, from Eurojie by the North Sea aboute Iselande, called in times past Marc Congelntum, the Frosen Sea, and from America is divided by Frobisher's Straights. It lyeth rounde about the Pole Artikc, and is included by a paralell passing about 70 degrees in north latitude, as it is also more at large described in Mercators and Ortelius Universall Mappes. This parte of the world hath becne most or onely made knowen by the Englishmen's Industrie. For, as Mercato mcntioneth out of a probable author, there was a frier of Oxforde, a grcate mathmatician,^ who himselfe went verye f\irrc north above 200 ycares agoe, and, with an astrolabe, described almoste all the lande aboute tlie Pole, finding it divided into foure partes or ilandes by fourc greate guttes, indrafts, or channels, running violently and delivering them- selves into a monstrous receptacle an.l swallowing sincke, with suche a violent force and currant, that a shippe beyng entred never so little within one of these foure indraftes, cannot be holdcn backe by the force of any great winde, but runneth in headlong by that deepe swallowing sinke into ' Nicholas do Linna, i.e., A Lynn in Norfolk, whoso voyage to the Arctic regions in llUiit is quoted by ]\Icrcator in his map of the world dated 15G9, from the Itinerary of Jacol Croycn of Uois Ic Due, and also referred to by Dr. .7ohn Doe. Pee Tfid-hnit. vol. i, j))!. IL'l, 122. OF MARTIN FROHISHEU. 35 the bowels of the earth, lice icporteth that the south-weast parte of that landc is a fruitfull and a holesonic soyle. The north-east part (in respect of Enghind) is inhabited with a people called Pygmoci, whiche are not at the uttermoste I'lymoi. above foure foote highc. One of these foure greate mons- trous gulf'is wyth hys violent raging course followeth the meridian of the fortunate ilandes, and receiveth the ocean with three mouths, and is frozen over three moncths in the yeare, and is 37 leagues in breadth. The next eastwarde bcyonde the iland Vagats is at 110 degrees in longitude and receyveth the East Ocean with five mouths, and, being nar- rowe and swifte, is never frozen. The third is at 190 de- grees in longitude, and receiveth the East Ocean with nine- teen receits. The fourth is at 280 degrees in longitude. All these indraftes and raging channels runne directly to- wards a point under the Pole, where is also said to b. a monstrous gret mountain of wonderful gret height and about a great o !^ ^ rock under 35 leagues in compasse at the foot. the pole. Guilielmus Postcllus saith, that here under and aboutethe Pole is best habitation for man, and that they ever have con- tinuall dayc, and know not what night and darknesse meancth. But this seemeth contrary to the principles of the sphere, f'nnt'nuai ' ^ »■ ' Uiiy for ever. whyche alloweth well that they shoulde see the sunne halfe a yeare togither without any night. During the time of his being in the north signes from the one Equinoctium to the other, yet, that in y other halfe they shold have continuall night without any day. But I thinkc Postellus (being a good astronomer) doubted nothing of y® reason of y" sphere, but mcaneth y*^ for their great twilights, and y'' high swelling of y" erth, and y*^ high mountaine under the Pole, they have continual light ; but hereof you shall hearc more at large hereafter in this treatise, when I speakc of the temperature of y*^ north regions. This so particular a description of y" land and countries lying about the Pole, argueth that this Ox/o/y/ frier tooke great pains therein, and induceth great a fner..f •' o 1 o (IxtMril. 36 THE FIRST VOYAGE Sir IIiikIip WillniiKliby niKl liii'li. CliHiicelor. Frobislior's 8 Vdjajjes. A i.iricR. Trrr« Auatriilis. probabilitie and likelihood of y" truth thereof, bicause he ob- served so diligently by measui , the brcdth of the indrafts, what time, and how long they continued frosen, and with how manyc mouths or receipts every one of them received the ocean. Upon y" bounds and description of this part of the erth, I have y" longer staid, because I find it discovered only by the English nation. And although y"" greatest part herof was made knowen 200 and odde yeres past, yet some bounders thereof were described and set out by y" travel of Sr. Hugh Willoby Knight, an Englishman, who ventured and lost his life in y" cause, and so died an honorable death, .and Avith him Ric. Chancclor, chicfc Pilot in that voyage, in an. 1554, who discovered and founde out, y*^ Norway and Sweden &c., conjoined not to Gronelancl, or any part of y^ Northern re- gions, as one firme and continent, but y' by sea a man might travel to y'' country of Moscovia, and a gret way more est- ward, as far as the gret river Obby. Also oure worthy General Ca. Frobisher in his three last voyages, wherof wc are briefly to entreat in these three books, hath discovered and described a gret part of ye Southwest bounds thereof, and meneth (God willing) not only to describe the one halfe thcrof in going to Cataia by y" Northwest, but also to put in triall, whether he may return into England by the Northeast, and so also to describe y« other part, which to do, is one of y" waightiest matters of the Avorld, and a thing that will cause other Princes to admire y" fortunate state, and y'- gret valor of y" English nation. But to rctourne agaiue to the bounding of the other parts of the Avorld. America an ilande is included on the east side with the sea Antartiqne ; on the weast side with 3Iare del Stir, or Mare Pact/ictan ; on the south side it is bounded wyth the straight of MagcUanus ; and on the north with Frobisher's straights. Terra Austrnlls seemeth to be a great firmc land, lying OK MARTIN I'KOBISUEK. 37 under and aboutc the south pole, being in many places a fruitefull soyle, and is not yet thorowly discovered, but onlye scene and touched on the north edge therof, by the travaile of the Portingales and Spaniards, in their voyages to their East and Weast Indies. It is inchided almost by a paralell, passing at 40 degrees in south latitude, yet in some places it reacheth into the sea with greate promontories, even into the tropicke Capricornus. Onely these partes of it arc beste knowcn, as over against Capo (/' huona Spcranza (where the Portingales see popin- I gfvycs commonly of a wonderfuU greatnesse,) and againe it is knowen at the south side of the straight of Magellanus, and is called Terra del Fuego. It is thoughtc this southlande, about the pole Antartike, is farre bigger than the north land aboute the pole Artike ; but whether it be so or not, we have no ccrtaine knowledge, for we have no particular description hereof, as we have of the lande under and aboute the north pole. Thus I have briefly butted and bounded out all the parts of the earth, according unto thys latter division into sixe parts. AVhich, that it might be more apparent and sensible to every man's understanding, 1 have hereunto adjoyned an universall map, wherein my minde was to make knownc to the eye what countries have been discovered of late yearcs, and what before of olde time. The olde knowen partes have their boundes traced and drawcn with whole lines, the newe discovered countries have theyr bounds drawen wyth points or broken lines, whereby the reader shall at tlie firste sight see both the shape and fashion of the whole universall face of the earth, compared all togyther, and also all the scverall partes thereof, whether they were of old time dis- covered, or of late yearcs, the which mappe, though it be roughly framed, withoute degrees of longitude or latitude, yet is it sufficient for the purpose it was ordeyned, for heerein, as in all the rest of this discourse, of the three voyages of our 38 THE FIRST VOYAGE worthy Gencrall Captayne Frobisher, my intcntc is, more to sctte out simply the true and playne proceedini^ and handling of the whole matter, than to use circumstance of more words, or fyne eloquent phrases, wherein if I shouldc once goe about to entangle myselfe, it would doe nothing else, but bewray my owne ignorance, and lack of schole skyli. Therefore, of me there is nothing else to be loked for, but such playne taike and writing, as souldiers and marriners doe use in theyr dayly meetings and voyages, and this of necessity must anye ma,n use thatwill dealewith suche a matter as thys is, although he were curious to the contraric. By this discourse and mappc, is to be scene, the valiantc courages of men in this later age within these eighty yearcs, that have so muche enlarged the bouudes of the worlde, that now we have twice and thrice so muche scope for oure earthlie peregrination, as we have hadde in times past, so that nowc men necde no more contcntiously to strive for roume to build an house on, or for a little turfFe of ground, of one acre or two, when greate countreys, and whole worldcs, offer and reache out themselves, to them that will first voutsafe to pos- sesse, inhabitc, and till them. Yea, there arc countreys yet re- mayning withoute maysters and possessors, whiche are fertile to bring forth all manner of come and grayne, infinite sortes of land, cattcll, as horse, clcphantes, kine, slieepe, great varietie of flying fowlcs of the ayre, as phesants, partridge, quayle, popingeys, ostridgcs, etc., infinite kinde of fruits, as almonds, dates, quinces, pomgranats, cringes, etc., holcsome, mcdicinable, and delectable. Greate varietie of floures con- tin uallie springing, winter and sommer, beautifull for coloure, odififerous, and comfortable. Abundance of faire hillcs and valleys, furnished with all manor woddes and pleasante rivers. Millions of newe fashions, and strange beastcs and fishes, both in sea and fresh waters. INIountaines bringing forth all manor of mettals, as gold, silver, yron, etc. All sorts of pretious stones and spices, in all which laud wanteth nothing that may OF MARTIN KROniSHER. 39 be desired, eyther for pleasure, profit, or nccessarie uses. AVhich sundrcy countrcys to possess and obtcync, as it is an casic thing, so would I not have our Englishc nation to be slackc therein, least perhaps agayne ftiey ovcrshoote them- selves, in refusing occasion offered, as it was in the time of King Henry the seventh, when all the West Indies were )y®*'^ .^0. iVrcil to the firste profcrcd to the Englishmen, to be given into their I'-nl'iish handcs, whiche they little regarding, was afterwards offered to the Spaniards, who presently accepted the occasion, and now enjoy the infinite treasure and comnidditie thereof. I would not wishe Englishmen to be now unlike themselves, for in all the later discoveries the English nation hath bin as forward as any other. As firste, by their navigations north- eastward, the bounds of Europe were mailc perfect on the north syde, for Ptolomic, Strabo, and al other geographers Icfte it described but onlcy to the ilaudes Orcades in Irelandc, and Hyi)erboreas Montes in Sarmatia, and finding the land '■'le b"""'" on the north side of Germany, Poland, Moscovia, and Asia, km^'i'Ihi;'."'^ to extend northward, they left it confuted ly, and knew not whether it reached to the pole as one firnic lande, or whether it were devided by some sea they knew not. Ikit this doubt hath long since bin dissolved, by the valiant attempt of Si. Hugh Willoughby Knight, Avho (iis I said before) in this noble discoverie, died an honourable death, and the voyag(; hath since been perfected by y" two brethren the Borowes, |'j'^"^\"J!i. and other valiant yong men of our time eastward, beyonde y" great lliver Obij, as farre as y" empire of y" great Cam or Cane of Tartaria, as appccreth in my general mapp by y" pricked bounds thereof. That voyage was then taken in hand, of y'' valiant Knight, with pretence to have gone east- ward to the rich countrcy of Cataya, and was grounded briefely upon these reasons. First, bicause there was a unicornes home found upon the coast of Tartaria by the lliver Obij, which (said he) was like by no other ways to come thither, but from India or Cataya, where the saide 40 THE FIRST VOYAGE proy°\he° unicomcs are only found, and tliat by some sea bringing it fheTorth-^ thither. Also a fisherman of Tartaria rcporteth, y' he sailed verye farre south-eastward, and found no end of sea, or likclyhoode thcrof. •Ln-tly, a Tartarian, inhabiting ncere y" Scithian Sea, reported such a streame and currant to runne there continually, towards the west, that if you cast anything therein, it would presently be caried out of your sight towards the west, whereby necessarily foloweth, thcr should be some passage to some larger sea, wherein this continual streame might emptie itself. And by y" experience of this voyage, it was found, y*^ the frozen zones were not frozen, but habitable and navigable, a thing y' almost all the old philo- sophers did deny, and went about with sundry reasons to im- pugne, for in this voyage to Moscovia, our men passed beyond seventy-two degrees in north latitude, wheras y" froscn zone bcginneth at sixty-six degrees and a halfe. This enterprise, although it toke not effect, to finde y'' passage to Cataya east- ward, because y° worthy knight, the chief author therof, dyed commodi- in y" way thither, yet hath it bin very bencficiall to England, v!.yu<"e '° ^'^ finding out y" trace to S. Nicholas, both for y'' maintenance of y" navie, and the yerely profit is reaped thcrby, the which voyage is known to be more dangerous and painful, than any y" Spanyards or Portugals have ever dealt in, for they being borne in a somewhat bote countrey, hapncd to dcalc with easie voyages, although they were long out, not much difier- ing from their own temperature. And I thinke, a man mighte be bolde to saye, that in all their long voyages, to the East and West Indies, they were never so muche distressed and oppressed with so infinite numbers, and &andrie kindes of dangers, as oure valiante (Jenerall Captayne Frobisher, and his companyc were in every one of these his three voyages, as readyng itj you shall understand more at large. And yet they courageously per- sist and continue on their purposed enterprise, and will not surccasse untill they have (God willing) found oute that long ! OF MARTIN FROHISHER. 41 ■if 3 i I wished passage to Cataya, to the everlasting rcnoune, gloric, and fame of the English nation. Also, the valor of the Englishmen, did first of all discover and findc out all that part of America, whiche nowc is called Baccalaos : for Sebastian Cabot, an Englishman, borne in Bristow, was by commandment of Kyng Henry the seaventh in anno 150i rniilliil I lie f:r|iil- nuuLiiill. OrciitlrnoB. rninmniJi- I,i(^H ami UiiiliT tin: ei|iiiiiou- tl.til. thousands other sortos farre more holcsomc, delectable, and pretious than anyc wee hav(; in these northcrne climates, as Vi-ry well shall api)ear(! to him that wil reade the Histories and Navigations of such as have travelh,'d Arahid, India intra and extra, Gamjcm, the Ilandes jMoIiiccbc, America, etc., which all lye about y" niiddhj of y" burning zone, wlurc it is truly reported that the great hearbes, as arc radishe, lettuce, colcwortes, borage, and suche like, doe waxe ripe, greater, more saveric and delectable in taste than ours witiiin sixte(;ne daycs after the seed is sowen. Wheat being sowrd the first of Februaric, was found ripe the firste of May, and generally, where it is lesse fruitefull, the wheate will be ripe the fourth moneth after the seede is sownc, and in some places will bring forth an eare as bigge as the wriste of a man's anne, containing a thousand graines. Beanes, pease, etc., are there ripe twice a yeare. Also grasse being cutte downc will growe up in sixe dayes above one foot highc. If our cattell be transported thither Ai^ithin a small time their yong ones become of bigger stature and more fattc than ever they would have been in these countries. 'Jherc are found in everie wood in great numbers such timber trees as twelve men holding handes togither arj not able to ladome. And to be short, all they that have bene there, with one consent adirme that there are the goodlyest grecne neddowes and playnes, the faireste mountaines, covered v ith all sorts of trees and fruits, the fairest vallies, the goodliest pleasaunt fresh rivers, stoared with infinite kindc of (ishes, the thickest woods, grecne and bearing fruite al the whole yeare, that are in al the worlde. And as for gold, silver, and al other kindc jf metals, al kind of spices, and delectable fruites, both for delicacic and health, tuc there in such abundance as hitherto they have bene thought to have bene bred no where else but there. And in conclusion, it is n.)w thought that no where else ^:ut under the Equinoctiall, or not far from thence, is the carthlye Paradise and the only ])lace of per- OK n: A in IN iRouisiir.K. 4T (I of int .'St ,rc e or to sc lO m fcction in the world. And that these tilings may secmc the lesse strange bycauso it hath bin aeconiptcd of the old philo- sopliers that there could nothing prosper for the extreme heate of the sunne continually going over their heades in the zodiacke, I thoughte goodc here to allcage suclic na- turall causes as to nice secmc verie substanciall and sure reasons. First, you are to understande that the sunne doeth worke his more or lesse heate in these lower jiarts by two tipiitis ciiiineil Ijy meancs, the one is by the kind of an"le that the sun-beam(;s iwoin'iines, ' •' ~ Unit IH, by doeth make with the earth, as in all Torrida Zona, it niaketh ,','n,II[!ie',,Ma perpendicularly righte angles in some place or other at noone t'mu'uuce! ' and towardes the two Poles very oblique and uneven angles. And the other ineaue is the longer or shorter continuance of the sunne above the horizon. So that wlicresover these two causes do most concurre there is moste excesse of heate; and when this one is wanting the rigor of the heate is lesse. For though the sunnc-beanies do beate perpendicularly upon any region subject to it, if it hath no continuance or abode above the horizon to worke his operation in, there can no bote eflLct proceede. For nothing can be don in a momentc. And this seconde cause, mora i^vpra horizontcm, the time of the sunne's abiding above the horizon, the old philosophers hence remembered, but regarded only the manner of angles y*^ the sun-beames made with the horizon, which if they were equall and right, the heate was (he greater, as in Torrida Zona ; if they were unequall and oblique, the heat was the lesse, as towardes both I'oles, which reason is very good and substancial ; for the pcM-fiendieular beames reflect Note thys reaiioii. and reverberate in themselves, so that the heate is doubled, every beame striking twice, and by uniting are multiplied and continue strong in forme of a columne. Ibit in our lati- tude of fifty and sixty degrees the sun-beams descend obli- f|ue and slanting wise, and so striketh but once and departeth, and therefore oure heate is the lesse for any effect that the angle of the sun's beames make. Yet, because we have a 48 TTIK FIRST VOYAflK longer continuance ol" the sunnc's presence above the hori- zon than they have under the Equinoctiall, by whiclie con- tinuance the lieate is increased, for it shineth to us xvj or xviij houres sometim'.', when it continueth with them but twelve houres alwayef . And againe, oure night is very shorte, wherein colde vapors use to abound, being but six or eight houres long, whereas theirs is alwayes twelve houres long, by Avhicli two advantages of long daycs and shorte nights, thoughe we wante the equalitie of angle, it commcth to passe that in sommer oure heatc here is as greate as theirs is there, as hath bin proved by experience, and is nothing dissonant from good reason. Therefore, whosoever wil rightly way the force of colde and heate in any region, mustc not onclye consider the angle that the sunne beaines make, but also the continuance of tiie same above the horizon. As firstc to them under the equi- noctiall the sunne is twice a jcare at noone in their zenith perpendicular over their header, and therfore during the ii houres of those two daycs the heat is very urgent, and so perhaps it will be in four or five days more, an houre cv^ryc daye, untill the sunne in his proper motion, have crossed the equinoctiail, so that this cxtreame heatc caused by the per- pendicular angle of the sunne beames, endureth but two houres of two dayes, in a ycarc. But if any man say the sunne mayo scalde a good while, before and after it come to the meridian, so farre forthc as reason leadeth, I am content to allow it, and therefore I will measure and proportion the sunne's heate, by comparing the angles there, with the angles made here in England, bicausc this temperature is best knowen to us. As for example, the 11th day of March, when under the equinoctiail it is halfe houre past eight of the clockc in the morning, the sun will be in the cast about thirty-eight degrees above the horizon, bycause there it riseth always at six of the clock, and movcth OK MARTIN !■ UOItlSIIKK. 41) overy hour fifteen degrees, and so high very neare will it he with us at London the saidc llth of MarcVi at noone. And therefore looke what force the sunne liath with us at noone, the llth of March, the same force it seemotli to have under the equinoctial at half hourc past eight in the morning, or rather lesse force under the equinoctiall. For with us the sunne had heene alreadve sixe hourcs ahove the horizon, and so had purified and cleiised all the v;i pours, and therehy his force cncreased at noone, hut under the equinoctiall, the sunne having been uppc hut two and half houres hadde suffi- cient to doe, to purge and consume the cold and moyst vapors of the long night past, and as yet had wrought no effect of heatc. And therefore I niay holdcly pronounce, that there is much h.'ss heate at halfc houre past eight under the equinoctiall, than is with us at noone (a fortiori). Ihit in Marche, we are not onlye contented to have the sunne shining, but we grcately desire the same. Likewise the 1 1 th of June, the sunno in our meridian is sixty-two degrees highe at London ; and under the equinoctiall it is so high after ten of the cloek(>, and seeing then it is bencficiall with us, ea aiW' OF MAKTIX FHOIUSIIKU. 50 IS with the same blot of inlcction. Therefore it shall not be farre fri to the first oriuinall of the 1 the so in its as ncths most oceed de- r , njrees, ■ that that unnes plans my natu- ■ind so luted our purpose blacke men, and how by lineall discentc they have hitherto continued this blacke. It manifestly and plainely appeareth by holy Scripture that after the generall inundation and overflowing of the earth, there remained no more men alive but Noe and his three sons, Sem, Cham, and Japeth, who only were lefte to possesse and inhabit the whole face of the earth : therefore all the land that untill this daye hath bin inhabited by sundry discents, must needes come of the off- spring eyther of Sem, Cham, or Japhet, as the onely sonnes of Noe, who all three being white and their wives also, by course of nature should have begotten and brought forth white children. But the envie of our great and continuall enemie the wicked spirit is such, that as he could not suffer our old father Adam to live in the felicitie and angelike state wherein he was first created, but tempting him sought and procured his ruine an^l 'al : so againe, finding at this floud none but a father and tliree sonnes living, he so caused one of them to transgresse and disobey his fathers com- mandement, that after him all his postcritie shoulde be accursed. The fact of disobedience was this. When Noe at the commandement of God had made and entered the Arke, and the floud gates of heaven were opened, so that the whole face of the earth, every tree and mountaine was covered with abundance of water, he straightly commanded his sonnes and their wives, that they should with reverancc and feare behold the justice and mighty power of God, and that during the time of the floud, while they remained in the Arke, they should use continence and absteine from carnall copulation with their wives : and many other pre- ceptcs he gave unto them, and admonitions touching the justice of God in revenging sinne and his raercie in deliver- ing them who nothing deserved it. Which good instructions and exhortations notwithstanding, his wicked sonne Cham The cnuse (if tlio iUliiopiiuiH bluckiiesse. The Arke of Noe. 5t) THK I'lKST VOYAOK chusyo (lisobcyed, and bcincf persuaded that the first child borne ■oiiiie of c3 i accufseii ^^^^^ ^^^^ flood (by right and law of nature) should inherit and posscsse all the doniinion of the earth, he, contrarie to his fathers coinmandcment, wiiile they were yet in the Arke used company with his wife, and craftily went about thereby to disinherit the offspring of his other two brethren ; for the which wicked and detestable fact, as an example for con- temptc of Almightio God and disobedience of parents, God would a bonne shuld be borne whose name was Chus, who not only itselfe, but all his posteritie after him, should be so black and lothsome that it might remairie a spectacle of dis- obedience to a)l the world. And of this blacke and cursed Chus came all these blacke Moores which are in Africa, for after the water was vanished from off the face of the earth and that the land was drie, Scin chose that part of the land to inhabit in which now is called Asia, and Japhet had that which now is called Europa wherein we dwell, and Africa Africftwaa remained for Cham and his blacke sonnc Chus, and was Cllllt'J cimmesifl. called Cliamesis after y" fathers name, being perhaps a cursed, dry, sandy, and unfruiteful ground, fit for such a generation to inhabit in. Thus you see y' the cause of y" Ethiopians blacknesse is the curse and natural infection of blood and not the distemperaturc of the clymate, which also may be proved by this example, that these black men are found in all partes of Africa, as well withoute the tropicks as within, even unto Capo d' buona Speranza southward, where by reason of the sphere should be the same tempera- ture that is in Spayne, Sardigiia, and Sicilia,^ where all be of very good complexions. Wherefore I conclude that the blacknesse proceeueth, not of the hotenesse of the clime, but as I sayd of the infection of bloud, and therfore this their argumcute gathered of the Africans blacknesse is not able to destroy the temperature of the middle zone. We may there- fore very well be assertayned, that under the equinoctiall is ' In Uakhiyt, it stapds thus " Sicilia, Morea, and Candie." OF MARTIN FUOUISIIKR. 67 lere- ill IS the most pleasant and delectable place of the world to dwell in, where, although the sunne for two houres in a ycarc be dirccte over their heads, and therefore the heate at that time somewhat of force, yet bycause it commeth so seldoinc and continueth so small a time, when it commeth it is not to be wayed, but rather the moderate heate of other times is all [imptmun. the yeare to be remembered. And it the heate at any time eciuiuouuuu. should in tVic shortc day waxe somewhat urgent, the cold- nesse of the long night there would easilie refreshc it, according as Honterus' sayth, speaking of the temperature under the equinoctiall. Quodq. die solis violento incanduit (esbt Hmnida nox reficit, paribusq. refrujerat horis. If the heate of the sunne in the day time doe burne or parch any thing, the moysturc of the night dothc coole and refresh the same againe, the sunne being as long absente in the night as it was present in the day. Also our author of the Sphere, Joannes d' Sacro josco." in the chapter of the Zodiacke, deriveth the etimologie of Zodiacus, of the Greeke word Zoe, which in Latin signifycth Vita, life, for out of Aristotle he alledgeth, that secundum accessum ct rccessum solis ill Zodiaco , Jiunt gcnerationcs et corrtiptiones in rebus infei'ioribus : according to tv\e sunnes going to and fro in the zodiake, the infcriour bodies take their causes of genera- tion and corruption. Then ir, followeth, that where there is most going too and fro there is most generation and corrup- tion : whiche must ncedes be betwcenc the two tropikes, for there the sunne gocth too and fro most, and no where else but there. Therefore betweene tuJ two tropikes, that U, in ''"JerHi.*",, the midle zone, is greatest incrcisc, niukiplication, genera- |fgj;g^'|[jf^"y • Joannes Ilonterus or Ilonter of Cronstadt in Transilvania, in the 3rd Book of his lludimentorum CosmographicorHm lihri qnatuor, 1573. -■ John llolywood, better known a.* Joannes de Sacrobosco, the famous author of the Splucra Mtmdi, an astronomical work which maintained its reputation for four centuries. He was a native of Yorkshire, and died in 125G. .^\ ^% ^^>, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I %u ffilM IIM 1 2.0 III 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 M 6" — ► v] m 'e). c>^ #; o /, % /A m. / Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 58 TIIK FIRST VOYAGK Grentest hi'iile unclor tion and corruption of things ; which also wc find by expe- rience, for there is somraer twice in the yeare and twice winter, so that they have two harvests in the yeare and con- tinuall spring. Seing then the middle zone falleth out so temperate, it resteth to declare where the hottest part of the world should be, for we fynde some places more hote than Others. To answere this doubt, reason persuadeth the hotest place in the worlde to be under and aboutc the two tro- pickes, for there more than in anye other place doe both the causes of heatc concurre, that is, the perpendicular falling ti.e truiiiks. Qj' ^j^g g^^ l^eames at right angles, and a greater continuance of the sunne above the horizon (the pole there being ele- vated three or foure and twentie degi-ees). And as before I concluded, that though the sunne were perpendicular to them under the equinoctiall, yet bycause the same continued but a small tyme (thcyr dayes being short and theyr nightes long), and theyr speedic departure of the sunne from their zenith, bycause of the suddayne crossing of the zodiacke with the equinoctiall, and that by such contiuuall course and recourse of hote and colde the tempertiture grew moderate. So now to them under y'' two tropikes, the sun having once by his proper permotion declined 20 degrees from the equinoctiall, beginneth to draw neere theyr zenith, which may bee (as before) aboute the eleventh day of May, and then beginneth to send his beames almost at right angles, about which tyme the sunne cntreth into the first degree of Gemini, and with this almost right angle the sunne beames will continue untill it be past Cancer, that is, the space of two moneths every day at noone, almost perpendicular over their heads, being then the time of Solstitimn JEstiualc, whiche so long contiimance of the sun aboute their zenith maye cause an extreanie heate (if anye be in the world) but of necessitie farrc more heate than can bee under the equi- noctiall, where the sunne hathe no suche long abode in the zenith, but passeth away therehence very quickly. Also OF MARTIN FROBISHEK. 59 ,'ing the lich and ;les, of anies ce of over iiale, !nith but iqui- the Also under the tropikes the day is longer by an houre and a halfe than it is under the equinoctiall, wherefore the heate of the sunne, having .i longer tyme of operation, must needes be encreased, especially seeing the nighte, wherein colde and moysture doe aboundc under the tropikes is lesse than it is under the equinoctiall. Therefore I gather that under the tropikes is the hottest place, not onely of Torrida Zona, but of any other pirte of the worlde, especially bycausc there both causes of heate doe concurre, that is, the perpendicular falling of the sunne beanies two moneths togyther, and the longer abode of the sunnes presence above the horizon. And by this meanes more at large is proved that Marochus in sommcr is farre more bote than at any tyme under the equinoctiall, bycausc it is situate so neere the tropike Cancer, and also for the length of their dayes. Neyther yet doe I thinke that the regions scituate under the tropikes are not habitable, for they are founde to be verye frutefull also, although Marochus and some other partes of Africa neere the tropike, for the drynesse of the native sandie soile and some accitlentcs, maye seeme to some to be intemperate for overmuch heate. For Ferdinandus Ouiedus,^ speaking of Cuba and Hisnaniola, ilands of America, lying hard under cuba. or by the tropike Cancer, sayeth that these ilandes have as good pasture for cattell as any other countrey in the world. Also they have most holesome and cleere water and tem- perate ayre, by reason whereof the hoards of beastes are much bigger, fatter, and of better tast than any in Spayne, bycause of the rank pasture, whose moysture is better di- gested in the hearbe or grasse by continuall and temperate heate of the sunne, whereby being made more fatte and unctious, it is of better and more stedfast nourishment. For continuall and temperate heate dothe not only draw much moysture out of the earth, to tLe nourishmente of suche things as growe and are engendred in that clyme, but dothe ' Ovieilo, the Spanish traveller and historian. ■wpwpp^pp "!F"Vi 60 THE FIRST VOYAGE also by moderation preserve the same from putrifying, di- tropi" u^a S^^^^^o ^^^^ ^^^ condcnsating or thickening the sayd moyst t"mpera-° nourishmentc into a gummie and unctions substance, whereby appcareth also that under the tropikcs is both holesome, frutefull, and pleasant habitation ; whereby, lastly, it fol- loweth that al the middle ^one, whiche untyll of late dayes hathe bin compted and called the burning, broyling, and parched zone, is now found to bee the most delicate, tem- perate, commodious, pleasaunte, and delectable part cf the world, and especially under the equinoctiall, Havyng nowe sufficiently at large declared the tempera- ture of the middle zone, it remayneth to speake somewhat also of the moderate and continuall hoate in colde regions, as well in the niglite as in the daye all the sommer long, and also how these tegious are habitable to the inhabitantes of the same, contrarie to the opinion of olde writers. Nine cliuuteij. OF THE TEMPERATURE OF COLDE REGIONS ALL THE SOMMER LONG, AND ALSO HOWE IN WINTER THE SAME IS HABIT- ABLE, ESPECIALLY TO THE INHABITANTS THEREOF. The colde regions of the worlde are those whiche, tending towarde the pole artikc and antartike, are withoute the cir- cuit or bounds of the seaven climates, which, agreeable to the opinion of the olde writers, is founde and sette out in our authore of the Sphere, Joannes de Saerobosco, where he playnely sayeth, that without the seaventh climate, which is bounded by a parallel passing at fiftic degrees in latitude, all the habitation beyonde that to be discommodious and intollerable : but Gemma Thrisius, a late writer, finding England and Scotland to be withoute the compasse of those climates wherein he knew to be very temperate and good habitation, added thereunto two other climates, the utter- OF AIARTIN FROniSHER. 61 cu- [e to It in he Hi is idc, land ling Lose rood Iter- inri»nn ii'tweono most paralell whereof passeth by 56 degrees in Latitude, and therein comprehendeth over and above the first computation, England, Scotland, Dcnmarke, Moscovia, etc., which all are rich and mightie kingdomes. The old writers, perswaded by bare conjecture, went aboute to determine of those places, by comparing them to their own conr^^exions, bycause they felt them to be hardly tolerable to themselves, and so toke thereby an argument of the whole habitable earth, as if a man borne in Morochus, or other part of Barbaric, should at the latter end of sommcr, upon the suddayne, eyther naked, or wyth hys thinnc vcs- :^,j''''"'' ture, be broughte into England, he would judge this region Maroctms presently not to be habitable, bycause he being broughte up "aud."^ in so warme a countrcy, is not able hcere to live, for so sodaine an alteration of the cold ayrc ; but if the same man hadde come at the beginning of sommer, and so afterwarde by little and little by certaine degrees, had felt and ac- quainted himselfc with the frost of autumne, it would have seemed by degrees to harden him, and so to make it far more tollerable, and by use after one yeere or two, the ayre woulde seeme to hym more temperate. It was compted a greate matter in the olde time, that there was a brassc pot broken in sunder with frozen water in Ponthus, which after was broughte and shewed in Delphi's, in token of a miracu- lous cold region and winter, and therefore consecrated to the Temple of Apollo. This effect being wroghte in the paralell of 48 degrees in latitude, it was presentlye compted a place vcrye hardlye and uneasily to be inhabited for the greate colde. And howe then can suche men define uppon other regions very farre without that paralell, wh'er they were inhabited or not, seeing that in so ncare a place they so grossely mistooke the matter, and others their followers being contented with the inventions of the olue authors, have persisted willingly in the same opinion, with more confidence than consideration 62 THE FIRST VOYAGE All the iii>rt)i recinns ftre habitable. Oiaiigotree. of the cause, so lightly was that opiniru received, as touching the unhabitable clime neare and under the Poles. Therefore I am at this present to prove y' all the land lying betwcene the laste climate even unto the point directly under either Poles, is or maye be inhabited, especially of suche creatures as are ingendrcd and bredde therein. For indeed it is to be confessed, that some particular living creature cannot live in every particular place or region, especially wyth the same joy and felicitie, as it did where it was first bredde, for the certaine agreement of nature that is betweene the place, and the thing bredde in that place, as appeareth Elephant. \jy i\^q elephant, which being translated and brought out of the second or third clima^^e, though they may live, yet will they never ingender or bring forth yong. Also wee see the like in many kinds of plants and hcarbs : for example, the orange tree, although in Naples they bring forth fruit abundantly, in Rome and Florence they will beare onlye faire greene leaves, but not any fruite : and translated into England, they will hardly beare either flowers, fruite, or leaves, but are the next winter pinched and withered with colde : yet it followeth not for this, that England, Rome, and Florence should not be habitable. In the proving of these colde regions habitable, I shall be verye shorte, bicause the same reasons serve for this purpose, which were alleaged before in the proving the middle zone to be temperate, especially seeing all heate and colde pro- ceede from the sunne, by the mcanes eyther of the angle his beames doeth make with the horizon, or else by y^ long or shorte continuance of the sun's presence above ground : so that if the sunncs beames do heate perpendicularlye at righte angles, then there is one cause of heate, and if the sunne doe also long continue above the horizon, then the heate thereby is muche cncreased by accesse of this other cause, and so groweth to a kind of extremitie. And these ii causes, as I said before, doe moste concurre under the two tropickes, and Two cnuses of heate. OK MARTIN KKOHISTIKR. 63 pro- rle his ing or id: so i-ighte ic doc [ercby Ind so |, as I Is, and therefore thoro is the greatest heatc of y'' worklc. And like- wise, where both these causes are most absent, there is greatest want of heatc, and encrease of cohle (seeing that cokle is nothing but the privation and absen' -^ of heat), and if one cause be wanting and the other present the effect will grow indifferent. Therefore this is to be undorstanded, that the nearer anyc region is to the cquinoctiall the higher the sunne doeth rise over their heades at noone, and so maketh either righte or ncare righte angles, but the sun tarrycth with them so much the shorter time, and eauseth shorter dayes, with longer and colder nights, to restore the domage of the daye paste, by reason of the moisture consumed by vapour. But in such reasons, over the which the sun riseth lower (as in regions extended toward cs cyther pole) it maketh there unequall angles, but the ; mnc continueth longer, and maketh longer dayes, and eauseth so much shorter and warmer nights, as retayning warmo vapoures of the daye paste. For there are found by experience sommer nights in "",r"'.^'' Scotland and Gothland very hot, when under the cquinoctiall f.',',',^; nip^f, they are found very colde. This benefit of the sunnes long equruocuuu. continuance and encrease of the day, doth augment so muche the more in coldc regions, as they are nearer the poles, and eeaseth not encrcasing, until it come directly under the point of the pole articke, where the sunne continueth above groundc the space of sixc moncths or halfe a yeare togithcr, ^/'"^'e^'^ and so the daye is halfe a yere longe, that is the time of """"="'*• y^ suns being in the north signes, from the first degree of Aries until the last of Virgo, that is all the time from our 10 day of March, untill the 14th of September. The sun there- fore during the time of these 6 moncths without any offence or hinderaunce of the nighte, gyveth his influence upon those landes with heate that never eeaseth during that time, which maketh to the great increase of sommer, by reason of the sunnes continuance. Therefore it followeth, that though the sunne be not there very high over their heads to cause right ts CA TIIK FlUST VOYAGK The sun never setteth in a 182 daycB. Horizon iinil equi- noctiall one under the pole. angle beams and to give great heate, yet the sun being tberc sometime almost 24 degrees bigh, dotb caste a convenient and meanc beate wbicb tbere continuetb witbout bindorance of tbe nigbt tbe space of six monetbs (as is before saide) during Mbicbe time tbere folowetb to be a convenient, moderate and temperate beat, or else ratlier it is to be suspected tbe beat tbere to be very great, botb for continuance and also quia tiritis unita crcscit, tbe vcrtue and strengtb of beat united in one encreasctb. If tlien tbero be sucbe a moderate beat under tbe poles, and tbe same to continue so long time, wbat shoulde move tbe olde writers to save tbere cannot be place for babitation. And tliat tbe certaintie of tbis temperate beat under botb tbe poles migbt more manifestlye appeare, lette us consider tbe position and qualitie of tbe spbcrc, tbe lengtb of tbe day, and so to gatber tlie beigbte of tbe sunne at all times, and by consequent tbe quantitie of bis angle, and so lastely tbe strengtb of bis beate. Tbose landcs and regions lying under tbe pole and baving tbe pole for tbeir zenitb, muste needes bave tbe cquinoctiall circle for tbeir horizon, tberefore tbe sunne entring into tbe uortb signes, and describing every 24 boures a paralell to tbe cquinoctiall by tbe diurnall motion of Primum Mobile, tbe same paralels must needes be wbolcly above tbe borizon, and so lookc bow many degrees tbere are from tbe fyrst of Aries to tbe last of Virgo, so many wbole revolutions tbere are above tbeyr borizon y' dwell under tbe pole, whicbe amountetb to 182, and so manye of oure dayes tbe sunne continuetb witb tbcm. During wbycb tyme tbey bave tbere continuall daye and ligbte witboute anye binderaunce of moistc nigbtes. Yet it is to be noted tbat tbe sunne being in tbe fyrst degree of Aries, and lastc degree of Virgo, maketb bis revolution in tbe very borizon, so tbat in tbese 24 boures balfe tbe body of tbe sunne is above tbe borizon and the other balfe is under tbis only center, describing botb the borizon and tbe cquinoctiall circle. OF MARTIN |-Ut)l»l.sm:H. 'So nocliall nto the ell to Mohilr, orizon, vrst of there ,^hiche sunne e there nee of being lakcth houres nd the )th the And therefore seeing the greatest deelination of the sun is almost 24 degrees, it followeth his greatest height in tliosc countries to be almost ;24 degrees. And so higli is the sun lomion. at noonc to us in London about y" 29 of October, being in the 15 degree of Scorpio, and likewise the 21 of January being in the 15 of A(]uarius. Therefore looke what force the sun at noone hath in London the 29th ot October, the same force of heate it hathe, to them that dwell under the i)ole, the space almost of two moiicths, during the time of the sommer solstiliimi. and that without intermingling of any colde night : so that if the heate of the sunne at noone coulde he well measured in London (which is vcrye harde to do, bycause of the long nights, whiche engender greate moysture and, colde), then woulde manifcstlye appeare by expresse numbers the mancr of the heate under the poles, which cer- tainly must needes be to the inhabitants vcrye commodious and profitable, if it inclyne not to over much heate, anil if moysture do not want. For as in October in England we find temperate aire, and have in our gardens hearbes and flourcs notwithstanding our colde nights, how much more shoulde they have y" same good ayre, being continual without night. This heate of ours continueth but one houre while the sunne is in y" meri- dian, but theirs continueth a. long time in one height. 'J'his our heate is weake, and by the coolenesse of the night .an- isheth ; that heate is strong, and by continual accesse is still increased and strengthened. And thus by a similitude of the equal height of the sunne in both places, appeareth the <',.imiii<.- ^ . , ilii'iiH 'Miller commodious and moderate heate of the regions under the ^'"^ i'"''^'^- ])oles. And surely I can not thinke that the divine providence hath made any thing uncommunieable, but to have given such order to all things that one way or other the same shoulde be emploied, and that every thing and place should be tollerable to the next. But especiallye all things in this F 66 rur. FIUST VOYAfiK Tho liitrliU'8 under llio jKile. 'I'ho twy- liglils nivo liglit uiuler tin- pole (iliiKiHle at tliH winter. lower world hv ls, doth drive away v'' night bv aceesse of v" twvlight. Againe, bv the position of the sphere under y" pole, the horizon and tiie equinoctiall are al one. 'J'hese revolutions therefore that are paralell to the equinoctiall are also paralel to the horizon, so that the ^un descending under y" horizon, and there describing cer- tain paralcls not farre distant, doeth lud bringe darke nights to those regions until it come to the paralels distant 1>> degrees from y" equinoctiall, that is, about y*" ~1 degree of Scorpio, which wil be about y'' 4 day of our Novendier and iifter the winter solstitium, y'' sun retourning backe againe to y" 9 degree of A([uarius, whiche wil be aboute y" 19 of fanuary. during which time only, 'hat is from y'' 4 of No- vember untill the xix day of January, which is about six weeks spooe, those regions do want y commodi that he was cast awaye. 'Ihe woithu; eaplayne. iiotwitluNlauding tliese discomforted, .tliliougli liis must was sprung, aiul liis tuppc mast blowcn l''iiriutMrt> l'i)r llie first vojiigo. (iiibriell uuil Mi had I. |>iriiiii8S0 lost, I'lio Micliiicll rotunieil liuiiic. 7^2 TIIK 1 IKST VOYAGE JCIiziiliollia t'orlttiiiie. Krobislicrs lirst en- iraiiou within the streigUtes, Frobisliers overboorde wytli extreamc foulc weather, continued hys course towardes the north-weast, knowing that the sea at length must ncedes have an endyng, and that some lande shoulde have a beginning tliat way ; and determined, there- fore, at the least, to bryng true proofe what lande and sea tlie same myght bee, so farre to the northweastwardes, beyondc anye man that hathe hccrctofore discovered. And the twentieth of July hee hadde sighte of a highe lande, whyche hee called Queene Elizabeth's Forlande, after hyr Majesties name, and sayling more northerlic alongst the coast he descried another forlande with a grcate gutte, bay, or passage, deviding as it were, two maynelands or conti- nents asunder. There he met with store of exceeding great ise al this coast along, and coveting still to continue his course to the northwardes, was alwayes by contrarie winde dttcyned overthwarte these straytes, and could not get beyondc. Within few days after he perceyved the ise to be well consumed and gone, eyther there engulfed in by some swifte currants or in draftes caried more to the southwardes of the same straytes, or else conveyed some other way ; wherefore he determined to make profe of this place to see how i'ar that gutte had continuance, and whether he mighte Carrie himselfe through the same into some open sea on the backc syde, whereof he conceyved no small hope, and so entred the same the one-and-twentieth of July, and passed above fyftie leagues therein, as hee reported, having upon eyther liande a greate mayne or continent ; and that land uppon hys right hande as hee sayled westward, he judged to be the continente of Asia, and there to bee devided from the firmc of America, whiche lyeth uppou the lefte hande over against the same. This place he named after his name Frobishcr's Streytes, lyke as Magcllanus at the south-weast ende of the worlde having discovered the pasoage to the South Sea (where America is devided from the continente of that lande whiche oy MARTIN FROniSTIRR. 73 iCVC liclie lyeth under the south pole), and called the same straites Magcllancs streightes. After he hadde passed (30 leagues into this foresaydc strayte hce wcnte ashore, and founde signe where fire had hin made. He saw mightic decre y' seemed to be mankind, which ranne at hiin, and hardly he escaped with his life in a nar- row way, where he was faine to use defence and policie to save his life. In this place he saw and perceyved sundry tokens of the peoples resorting thither, and being ashore upon the toppe of a hill, he perceived a number of small things fleeting in the sea afarre off, whyche hec supposed to be porposes or scales, or some kinde of strange fishc ; but coming nearer, he discovered them to be men in small boates made of leather. And before he could descende downe from the hyll certain of those people had almost cut off his boate from him, having stoUen secretly behmde the rocks for that purpose, where he speedily hasted to his boate and bente himselfe to his holbcrte, and narrowly escaped the daungcr and saved his bote. After- wards he had sundry conferences with them, and they came aborde his ship, and brought him salmon and raw fleshe and fishe, and greedily devoured the same before our mens faces. And to shewe their agilitie, they tryed many rnaisterics upon the ropes of the ship after our mariners fashion, and appeared to be very strong of thcyr amies and nimble of their bodies. They exchaunged coates of scale and beares skinncs, and suche like, with oure men, and received belles, looking- glasses, and other toycs in recompence thereof againe. After great curtesie and many meetings, our mariners, contrarie to theyr captaines dyrcction, began more easily to trust them, and five of oure men going ashoarc, were by them inter- cepted with theyr boate, and were never since hearde of to this daye againe. So that the captaine being destitute of boate, barke, and al company, had scarcely sufficient number to conduct back his bark againe. lie couldc nowe neither nooro. Tlie ftrste aiKlil, of the sulvu}.;o. Salmoa. Kivo ling- liuliiiion ilitt'iiU'|.teil unci t:ikuii. 'I UK FinST VOYAOK convey himsclfe ashore to rescue his nun (if he had bin !ibh), lor want of a bonte ; and again, the snbtilc traytours were so wario as they would after that never come within our mens danger. The capt.iine, notwithstanding, desirous to bring sonic token from thence of his being there, was greatly discontented that he had not before apprehended some of them. And therefore to deceive the deceivers he wrought a prettie pollicie, for knowing well how they greatly delighted in our toyes, and specially in belles, he rang a pretie lowbel, making wise that he would give him the same that would come and fetch it. And bycause they would not come within his daunger for feave, he Hung one bell unto them, which of purpose he threw shirt that it might fal into the sea and be lost. And to make them more greedie of the matter he rang a lowder bell, so that in the ende one of them came neare the ship side to receive the bell, which, when he thought to take at the captaine's hand he was thereby taken himself: for the captain being rcdily provided, let the bcl fal and cought the man fast, and plucked him with maine force boate and al into his bark out of the sea. Wherupon, when he founde himself in captivitie, for very choller and disdain, he bit his tong in twaync within his mouth : not- withstanding, he died not therof, but lived untill he came in Englandc, and then he died of colde which he had taken at sea. Nowe with this ncwe pray (whiche was a sufliciont wit- nesse of the captaines farre and tedious travcll towards the unknowne partes of the worlde, as did well appeare by this strange Iniidcl, whose like was never seen, rod, nor harde of before, and whose language was neyther knowne nor Kioiiisiiers undcrstoodc of anye) the saide Captaine Frobisher retourncd homeward, and arrived in England in August folowing, an. 157G, where he was highly commended of all men for his great and notable attempt, but specially famous for th( great hope he brought of the passage to Calaya, which he Tiikiii^; of llin liist siiviige. i-Glurne. Ol- MARTIN riiOIUSHKH. to (loubtecl nothing at all to find and passe through in those ])arts, as he reportcth. And it is especially to be remcmbred at the first arrivall in those partes, there laye so great store of ise all the coastc along so thickc togither, that liardely his boate coulde passe unto the shoare. At lengthe, after diverse attempts, he commaunded his company if by anye possible meanes they could get ashore, to bring him whatsoever thing they could first find, whether it were living- or dead, stocke or stone, in token of Christian possession, which thereby he toke in bchalfe of the ()uecnes most excellent Majestic, thinking that thcrby he might justify the having and enjoying of y" same things that grew in these unknowne partes. Some of his companye broughte floures, some grecne grasse, and one broixght a pecce of a blacke stone, much iyke to a scacole in colourc, whiche by the waight seemed to be some kinde of mettall or mynerall. This was a thing of no accompt in the judgement of the captain at the first sight. And yet for novelty it was kept, in respect of the place from whence it came. After his arrival in London, being demanded of sundrie his fricndcs what thing ho had brought them home of that country, he had nothing left to present them withall but a pcece of this black stone. And it fortuned a gentlewoman, one of y® adventurers wives, to have a pecce thereof, which by chance she threw and burned in the fire, so long, that at the length being taken forth and quenched in a little vinegre, it glistered with a bright Marquesset of golde. ^\ hereupon the matter being called in some question, it was brought to certain goldfinders in I^ondon to make assay therof, who indeed found it to hold gold, and that very ritchly for the quantity. Afterwards, the same goldfinders promised great matters thereof if there were anye store to be lound, and offred themselves to adventure for the serchin-' nf those partes from whence the same was brought. Some, Till' Uikiii); pMssi'saioii of Mclii llico;;iiil,L. How I in: ort! was liiiiiiil by cliaiici'. Miiiiy itilveiiluiL.-. 7() TIIK FIRST VOYAOK Ol-' MAUTIN FUOIJKSIIKU. Jn the second voy- nuncfimiiiis Himi WHS jiiveii only lor \« bmitjint} uf ore. that had great hope of the matter, sought secretly to have a lease at hir Majesties hands of those places, whereby to enjoy the masse of so great a publike profit unto their owne private gaines. In conclusion, the hope of the same golde ore to be founde, kindled a greater opinion in the heanes of many to advaunce the voyage againe. Whereupon preparation was made for a newe voyage against the ycare following, and the captaine more specially directed by commission for the searching more of this golde ore than for the searching any further of the passage. And being wel accompanied with diverse resolute and forward gentlemen, hir Majestic then jyiu"- at the right honourable the Lord of Warwicks house in Essex, came to take theyr leaves, and kissing hir high- nesse hands, with gracious countenance and comfortable words departed towardes their charge. a 10 lie be to fan nd the iny itli len use gh- iblc STATE PArEllS SUBSEQUENT TO 'I'TIE FIRST VOYAGE. It. iir. IV. V. vr. vn. VIII. IX. X. XI. ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST VOYAGE. ANONYMOUS, BUT APPARENTLY BY MICHAEIj I,OK. MICHAEL LOKS ACCOUNT OF HIS CONNECTION WITH CAPTAIN FUOBISHER. MR. LOCKES DISCOARS TOUCHING THE EURE. MR. MARTIN FURllISHERS PETITION TO HER MAJESTIE. A BRIEFE NOTE OP THE COSTR OF THREE SHIPPS. A NOTE OF PROVISION AND FURNVTURE FOR THE SAMK. SHIPPINQE THOWGHT MEET TO BE EMPLOYED. THE NAMES OP THE VENTURERS. REPORT ON THE OUTFIT FOR THE SECOND VOYAGE. ARTICLES OP GRAUNT FROM THE QUEENS MAJESTIE TO THE COMPANY OF KATHAY. ARTICLES CONSENTED TO AND FULLY AGREEDE BY TIIK COMPANY OF KATHAY. mmmmmimm H III STATE TAIM'.RS SUHSI-XiUKNT TO THE ITUST VOYAOR. [Otho, E., viii, fol. 4G (47) ; Colonial, 27.) KAST TN'ni-v HY nri'. north wi:sTw[Anj)]. Captayn hath now allready and liatli put that matter owt of fall y sea to those rich cuntries for tralfik of merchandize, which was the thing I chiefly desyred. Secondly : 1 was assured by manifoMc good proofs of dyvcrs travailers and histories, that the cuntries of Baccaleaw, Canada, and the new fownd lands thereto adioining, were full of people and full of such commodities and merchandize, as are in the cuntries of Lappia, Russia, Moscovia, I'ermia, Pechora, Samoiutza, and tiie cuntries thereto adioyning, which are I'urres, hydes, wax, tallow, oyle, and other. Whereby yf yt should happen those new lands to stretch to the north pole so that we could not have passage bj- sea that way which wc sought to the northwestward to pas into East India, yet in those same new lands to the northwestward might be established the like trade of merchandize, as is now, in the other sayd cuntries of the that r^n the sea co.asts to the northwestwards [abundajnce of tish of many kyudes, and of whaj les and other gre]at flsshcs whcrof the trane oyle is made [and the best] place for fisshing thcrof that U in any pla[ce in the w|orld whereby would allso grow to tjio 80 STATK PA I' K US realm, and [to all the] followers therof great riches and fioncfit. And now, to spcako of the good inyndc and sufficient | courage J of this rare and vali- ant Captayn Martyn Fr()liy[shcr], who hath thus jiuthis lyfo in so great hazard and endured sucii great latiours for the henefit of his cuntry, as the like is not to be read of in any history, yf his dooings and theirs he duly consydcrcd and compared. My chxpicncc and wit arc unsufficicnt duly to declare the same. Neverthelus, according to my Bmall talent therein, I will briefly show my good will towards liim in ,'h, and full of hi^jh rag^^cd loks all aloii}^ by tlio coast, and Homo of the ilaiids of isc were iiere yt of such heigth as the clowds hannod about the tops of them, and the byrds that Hew about them were f>wt [(if sight] they lost [shi]ii Michael, to their great disconi- for[tiirc] [u|ntill their return to London for that [comjpany of that ship ^lichael being to make discovery of ncwc lands nor ecu- [rage] that he possessed at his departure from [Hcing] now (rather wdliiigly then by force), separated from their capta>n, and put to their own shift [and gove]rnment, tokc counsaiie with his mariners and com[rades] in the ship what they were best to doc. And among [thcni]- selves concduded (as they say), that having yet a good [ti]me of the yere, ami iudging themselves to bo not far from [the] new land named Labrador, they wolde i)r«jcede accor[din]g to their commission, at the least, to see that land and j)roceeding within iiij dayes, they saw that land, and found I it] so comi)assed with monstrous high ilaiids of ise lleting [li]y the sea shore, that they durst not ajiproche with [th]eir ship, nor land theron with their bote. And , >o] in great discomfort cast about with the ship the [n]ext day : and set their course bak agayn homward to [L]ondon, where they arivcd the first day of Septcmlier. And in this mean tyme the sayd captayn with his ship Gabriel (as is sayd before) being overset with a sea which they shipped on tho xiij day of July in the rage [of J an extreme storm which cast the ship Hat on her syde. And being open in the waystc, fyllud hor with water so as she lay still for sunk : and would not weare nor stuaro with any help of tlio helm : and could never have rysen agayn but by the marvellous work of God's great mercy to help them all. In this distres when all the men in the ship had lost their courage, and did dispayru of lyfc : the captaync like himsell'c with valiant courage stooil up and passed alongst the ship's side in tho chayn wales lying on her flat syde, and caught holde on the weather leche of the foresaile and in the weather coyling of the ship, the foreyard brake. And to lighten the ship, they cut over the misn maste. And the mariners allso would have cut over the uniyn nuiste, which the capit[ayn] [u]pright agayn being full of w[ater]. And so with the rolling of the both sydes, tho water yssuey tlio accomit of tlio t^ourso and way they iinlged to lie the liiind of Lalir[iid()r] as in dudo \i\ion j^ood proof after- ward they iiuluc yt s[till] so to ho. The hed land wherof ho named Klizahcth Foreland in memory of the Qiiene'n iMaJestie. And drawing still nere thereto in great eoiiifort, when tiiey approclied nere they fownd the .sea-shore full of monstrou.s high ilands and niountayns of isc tieting and driving with the wynde.s a.id tydes and streams so as they durst not yet approchc with tiieir ship to land theron. Nevertheles remayning still with ho])e hy some means of .serch to fynde a safe place to enter with the ship ; and passing still to and fro along tho costo, still in the sight of land as occasion recjuirod to avoyd dangers : within tho tymc of xvj dayes theyse lieing well consnmed ami gone : they did land in three or four j)Iace8 upon Hands, and the muster of the ship did land upon tho first iland and nat\ed it Halls Hand after his own name, and there repayrcd his ship of her laks and leaks thoy fo[un]d y[t] l)etwene two great mayn [wh]ich they named Froliysher's streict, by [reason of his] name who discovered yt : and many ilands good harboroughs for ships which they dis[covered as] they passed. And on the xixth Jay of August [they f]ownd an ilaml which liked them, ami named yt hy the naem of one of the marinoi ■ which first [cs[)ycil] the same. And thereon they landed. And the cii i[tayn | and six of his men went to the top of an high moun[tain] therof to discover about them : and there thcio cspyed [vijj strange botes with men rowing toward that iland. [Whjer- upon in great haste they ran down agayn to recover [the )ir own bote which hardly they recrr jred before the ari[va]ll of those vij botes. But so he returned to his ship [wi]th his bote to put all in rcadynes for defence yf iiedc [sh]ould be. And sent abmd his skyf with men, [to] vewo the men and have spoache with them as they could. They made of friend- ship to our men for dcsyre to have [th]em on land to take their rest. And by signes yt was agreed that one of their men came in the skyf aborde the ship, and in pledge for him one of our men went on land to them. And this man being in the ship made great wondering at all things : and tho capitayn gave him to taste of the ship's meat and drink and wyne : but he made no countenance of liking any. And he gave him and other tryfles which he likeil well and toke them with him to land where he was delyvered ami our man received bak agayn. And hereby tho captayn perceiving these strange people to be of coun- tenance and conversation proceding of a ni.,ture geven to fyersnes and rapyue, and he being not yet well prejiared in Lis ship for defence, he set sayle presently, and departed theus to take more tyme to prepare for defence to an other iland which they named by name of being very nere to the mayn land (on the northern syde) which they named on land. But be[in]g no [vv] [wjynde contrary they passed from [th]e west- ern land : and there ankcrcd [and] prepared them selves to defend the best they [could as] nedc should be ; which was no force having so [small a] SUHSKQUENT I O I H K FlUM VOYAOK. 83 shij) now armed with so iaynt und weukc men [who had] so great hihours and disseascs HuHcrcd at the sea [the] captayn only excepted, whoso force and couragfe never] I'liyUil lor ail liis hihoiirs passed. And on tliis [wesjt- erii shore the caiiitayn witli of his men went on [sliore) on an ilnnd mynding to liavc gone to tlio top of an hij;h [iiioiin |t;iyn to discover what he could of the straiets of tlio sea [and] idiid al>out, and there ho saw far the two hed hinds at j the] fiirdest end of the straiets iitid no liieing but xiij men and lioyes so tyred and sik with laboure of their hard voyage, passed as they were neither habjo well to precede in any long voyage toward the tyme of winter nor yet of retu'-n home already passed than to pro[ceedJ any further with so great danger of the vtt[er loss of the] enterprise for ever after if they should way. And therefore on the xxv day of Aug[ust they set] sayle with their ship keping their course ha[ck to]waril England, and in theirway they had sight of the Hand Frise- land, which they discovered round about but did not land thereon through the difti[culty] of the monstrous great yse which lay lleeting still by [the] land. And after they departed from tlieiis thf^y endu[red] coiitynually extreme storms of weather but the w[ynde] still in their favour home- SUHSKUUKM 10 THK flKsT VOVAOK. 8" wanls. So as by the xxvth ed at Harwich on the ij day of October in safety where they taryed to refresh their sick and weako men, and so came to London witli their ship Gabriel the ixth y men may see many good causes to move them to like well thereof. Allthough to say the very truthe without geving any ofience : neither that boke comming out so late nor yet his former discourses, being none others than were wel[l] known to us long before, were any manner of causes o[r] instructions to the chief enterprises of this new voyage of discovery to attempt the same or to direct us thorin. And William Burrough, allthough he was not so well perswadcd of this enterprise, that he would venter his money therein : yet, in respect of the service of his cuntry, he did take paynes to procure a master and many mariners for the ships. And gave his good advise in the furniture of the ships : and did consent unto the opinion and myndc of the capitayn in the dirccticm of the ships course in the voyage which was to very good purpose. And besides these men, I know none other worthy of name for any thing done by them to the help of this enterprise, but onely the ven- turers which did help the same. [Otho, E., viii, fol. 45. b. (47) ; Colonial, 3r».] 1 crave pardon with the reading of this writj ing] xiij day of October last, IMr. Fro[bysher gave me a] stone aboord his ship : Saying, that acco[rding to his promijsc he did geve mc the fyrst thinge that he founde [in the new 1 jand, which he gave me openly in the presence of two [other] men, whome I know not. But Rowland York and many [others] were then in the ship; and they for the strangers the[rof brake off a] pece which they carycd away with thcni. Within the space of one month after, I gave a small pece to [Mr.] Williams, saymaster of the Towr, not telling what nor whrence]. He made proof and auuswured that it was but a marquesite sj^tone]. And thenippon, I gave an other small pece to one Wheier g[old| fyncr hy Mr. Williams order. He aunswcred allso tha[t] he made proof and founde it but a nianpiesite stone. And allso an other small pece to George Xedam : ho aunswered allso that he made proof and colde fynde no mettall therin. "^mmmmmfm STATli PAPKKS Ilcrewitliall I stayed, making small account of the stone, and at more leysurc musing more thereon. In the begynning of January I delivered a small poce thereof to John IJaptista Agnello, not telling what nor from whence. But prayed him to prove what mettall was therein. And within three dayes I came to hym for aunswer. He shewed me a very little powder of goM : Saying, it came therowt, and willed me to give him an other pece to make a better proof. I did so, and within three dayes agayne, he shewed me more powder of goldc. I tolde hym I wold not beleve it, without better proof. He asked an other pece to make a better proof: Saying, that he wold make anatomy thereof, I gave it him : Saying, that I marvcyled much of his doings, sith I had given peces to other iij to make proof who could fynde no such thinge therin : he aunswered me, ' Bisogna sapere adulare la natura', and so I departed. The xviij day of January ho sent me by his maydo this little scrap of paper written, No. 1, hereinclosed ; and thereinclosed the grayne of gold, which afterward I delivered to your majesty, &c., 1677. [^Colonial, 34. Domestic Eliz., cxii. No. ^.^.J MR. LOCKES DISCOOKS TOUCHING THE EWRE, 1577. To the Quenes Moste Excellent Ma''e, Mostc humbly I crave pardon, in troublinge yo' ma"* w* the read- ynge of this wrytynge. In the xiij day of Octobar laste, Mr. Furbosher gave me a stone, abord his shyp, sayenge, that accordynge to his promes:e, he dyd gyve me the fyrst thynge that he found in the newland, w'' he gave me openly in presens of 2 yonge gentlemen whome I knowe not; but Row- land York was then in the shyp, and they for the strauugenes therof brake of a pece w'' they caried awaye w^'' them. Within the space of one monthe after, I gave a small pece thereof to jMr. Williams, saymastor of the Towar, not telly nge what nor whens. He made profFe, and answered that it was but a markesyte stone. And another small pece to one Whelar, goklfyuer, by j\Ir. Williams order. He answered also that he made i)roffe and found it but a markesyte stone, and another small pece to George Nedam ; he answered also, that he made prooffe and could fynd no mettal therin. Ilerewithall I stayed, makynge small account of the stone. And at more leysure musynge more thcron, in the begynnynge of Januarie, I dclyvred a small pece thereof to John Baptista Agnello, not tellynge what nor from whens, but prayed hym to prove what mettall was therin ; and within iij dayes I came to hym for answere. He shewed mc a very litle powder of gold, sayenge it came therout, and wylied me to gyve hym a better pece to make a better proofl'c. I dyd so, and SUHSKQUKN'I I O I'HK FIRS'l VOYAOK. !KJ within iij tlayca agayne he shcweil ino more powdar of gold. I tuM iiym I would not l)clcve yt without better proofic. lie a.skod another pece to make a better prooffo, sayengo that he would raako anatoinio therof. I gave it hyni, sayengc that I niarvayled nioche of hys doynges, sytlic I had gyven peces to other iij to make prooffo, who eouid fyud no huche thinge therin. He answered me, ' Bisogna sapcre adulare la natura'. And so I departed. The xviij day of Januarie he sent me by his mayde this lytic scrap of [laper hereinclosed, wryttcn. No. 1, and theriucloscd the grayuc of gold W'' afterwardes I delyvred to yC Ma''«. And hcrevppon I had large conferens dyvers tymes w''' hym parsawdyngc, exhortinge, and conjuringe hym by many causes of great importaunce betwene us, to tell me the trewthe hereof. lie satisfyed me by all dewtyfuU meanes of honesty and of Christianitie that it was trew. Whervppon he entred into many discourses w*'' me, yf we might have sum quantyte therof, for our owne use, and ernestly exhorted me to secreatnes, and greatly pressed me to knowe where it was had I desyred respyte of a few dayes, to consyder what were best to be done in the matter. The xxiiij day of Januarie, havynge resolved my sellfe of my dewtye towardes yo'' Ma''" I dyd retorne to John Baptista, to avojde suspicion of doble dcalyng w"' hym, at w«l' tyme he entred agayne w''' me, to have sum (iuantyte therof for our owne accountt. Then I delt w''' hym sura- what playne, and told hym, that it would be a hard matter for us to have ytt, for that in trewthe it was had in the new land discovred by Mr. Furboisher, wherof there is priviledge graunted to a companye. Whcrto he answered, that sum devyse might be made to lade it as stones, for ballast of the shyp. Whervppon agayne I toke furder tyme to con.syder what might be done therin. And at my departynge he exhorted to secreatnes, and specially to concealle his knowledge hereof. The next day Mr. Furboisher at my table at dynner, was very dcsyrous to know what was found in the stone he ga''e me. I answered, that I had gyven prooffes to iij or iiij, and they found nothinge in ytt, savynge one man found tynnc and a litle sylvcr therin, w"^'' was worthy of the fetchynge awaye, wherat he was very glad. The xxviij day, I delyvred to yo"" Ma*^'" in wrytynge, the very trewe information of all that I had knowen herein. And the same dayc ]\Ir. Secretary Walsyngham, in yo"" Ma"'"'' name sayd unto me, that in my wrytynge I dyd promes a thinge w'' I had not delyvred. I answered the very trewthe of my meanynge, that bycaus the bulke therof was surawhat great, I dyd reserve it to a second speche w^'' yo' Mat''', at which tyme I dyd purpose to have declared more of this matter, and jiror-ently I dyd delyver it to hym. And he said yo'' Ma''" had told hyui thefTect of my wrytynge, and therforc he wylled me to tell hym the circumstance of this matter. I told hym presently theffect of all this 94 SI. Ml-; I'AI'IUS liercbeforo wrytten, and that John Baptitita was the man, but that ho would not 1)0 iicknowcu to l>o tlic man. Ncvcrthelosso I sayd he might know the matter of hvm by others tlicn by me. Whervppon he answered me, that he dyd tliynk it to be but an alchaniist matter, sucli as dyvers othorH before had byn brou<.;lit to yo' Ma''" l>y others without trewctho. And in my [ireseiis he brake the .stime into iij or iiij pect-s, wli''' he .sayd he would delyver to dyvers men to make prooU'es. And so he lyceused me to depart to London that night. The xxxi day of Januarie, John Daptista sent for mo agaync, as shall appcre by his second wrytynge lereiiiciosod, at w'' tymc he devysod that a ship might go seereatly out of sum plaeo, and bryngo the thyiigo to another place farre from London. But I answered that was not pos- sible, for that none knowe the jtlaee but C. Furbisher and the ship master, who would not bo corrupted. Then he thought to revele it to the captaync. I said I thought he would revealc it to yo' Ma''"', but I devysed w''' hym, that I would send a ship to the place in company of the captayne under culler of fysshynge. and when the captayne were gone throughe to Kathai, the ship should lade this thinge for liaUast, and retoriie hethcr. lie allowed well of this devyse, and so I departed for that tyme. The i day of Fobruarie. I retorned to Mr. Secretarie, who suyd to mo that he had gyven peccs of this ure to certayno very excellent men, and that sum found nothinge therein, but one found a litle sylver, and that Jlr. Dyar had made prooff'e thcrof, and found the lyke, and that l.yra sellfe had scene the proflc made, wherl)y he was parswaded to be so, and tliat BiH)tista dyd but play the alchemist w"' me. I answertd that yesterday I had spoken agayne w^'' Baptista, and that he dotho styll confyrme to me his former sayenges, and wyll justefie the same, but Mr. Secretarie would not belcve me. Wheruppon 1 prayed hyui to eon.syder better of the matter, for that 1 was well assured that it was trew, wherujipon he lycensed me to retorne to London. The iiij day of Februarie, I went agayne to John Baptista, as well to intertaync hym w''' sum matter to avoide susi)iciou of doble delynge untill I might have answerc of .Mr. Secretarie of yo' Mati'^s plcsure herein, as also to urge more matter wherby more tryall of the trewthe might be had. And I moved hym to know how he would dealc w"' me, yf I should fynde meani's to send a shyp for this ure. After longe discoursynge he resolved, that he had a frynde that would furnishe a ship at his charges, and that yf I wo'.ild gyve hym a man to shew hym the place where he might have 100 tons hereof, he would gyve me £-2{) of money for every ton, within iij monthes after the aiivall therof here, and would put me in good assurans for the parformans therof, and at the arivall in Loudon he woulde tcache me the art, yf he should chaunse to dye. 1 told hym 1 would take tyme to consider whether he should send a ship, or I send a shyp. SUHSKUUhNT l<) iUK FlKS'l \()Y.\OK. i)') Tlic vi ilay of Fcliruario, I rotonie.l to Mr. Sccrctario, nm] pave hyiii in wntynge, tliis ofJcr inailo to inc l)y Haptic-.a. lie answered, it was but devyscs of alelmnusts, for that Haptista was but poore, ami notable to put Buretyes, nevertbeloss he sayil ho would consyder of the matter. And so I ret'trneil to London. The xiij day 1 went to Haptista, and put of tymo, hopinge for better answerc of jMr. Seeretarie. I said to Haptista that I was informed by a frynd learned in tiie lawe^, that we have a lawo termed tresor trouvcc, wherby it is not lawfull for any subjeet to dealle in sucho a matter as this, without lyecns of the pryuce, and therefore (ineanynpc to dryvc hym to dyseover the matter to yc Ma'"*, wherby you mi!;ht bo certiffied of the trewthe) I sayd ther must be sum meanes found, to have a lycence of yo'' Ma''" for a .sliip to passe thether, or ells there is daunpier bothe of yo'' Ma'''" dyspleasure, and also of the coinpanye who are jirivileged therin, wherin 1 sayd 1 wonlde travaylle, yf he could not. He answered, he had a frynd in the courto by whoso meanes he would move yo' Ma"" therof. The xvj day I went agayno to Mr. Sccrctario for answcre. He sayd the matter had no good fouudacion, cxcepte good suretycs might be put for parformance, also that he had agayne caused others to make prooffe, and that there was no suche thinge found therin. I said that I diil marvaile moehe thcrat ; for that Maptista dothe styll justifie the matter, and for proofle tiicrof. I would become bound to her Ma''" for the same. He said he would not wishc mo to venture so farre uppon the worde of an alehamist. And so the matter rested untyll answere might be had from yc Ma"". The xxvij day I had a letter from Haptista, w"'' is the thinl writinge hereinclosed, wherby yo'' Ma''" nuiy |)arceave, what answere ho receved uppon his sutc to have lycens for a ship to passe thether. Wheriippon he would have proceded w''' me, that I should .send a ship thether in secreat, accordinge to our first talke. Nevertheless. I parswaded hym that he should wryte a lettar to yC Ma"", wherby to gyve you know- ledge of his meanynge in sendynge a ship thether, and to dy.sclosc part of the matter to yC Ma''"'. Wherin my meanynge was, that uppon this occasion I thought yo"" Ma''" would have appointed sum to hvae had full coufercns w''' hym, to have serched the trewthe of this great matter to your satisfaction. The vi day of Marche, I went agayne to Baptista, to know what answere he had from yo' Ma"* to his lettar. He said the answere was dilatoric, so us he had no more courage in that sutc. W'heruiipon 1 said to hym, that I had a frynd in the court, by whose meanes I would attempt to have a lycens to send a shyp, for that without that lycens I durst not deale therin. He bad me prove. The vii day of .Marche, 1 went agayne to Mr. Seeretarie. and told hym theffect that I had passed with Haptista. and he said that yf Haptista ii 06 STATK PAPKKS would put good HUrctyos for the parforinanH of payment, ho would war- rant ino to have lycouHo for a Hhyp of 100 tons to fetch this ure. Whcr- uppon I retornud to Bai)tista as in myno ownc niuno to know wliat HNHurans I should have. lie said I should have very good asMunins to my contcntomcnt ; hut named no man, which I rcjjorted agayno unto Mr. Socrctaric, and offred my owno. hond, and the ure to bo delyvred into yo' Ma^'*" custodyo at the arivall. In this mean tyme entringe more duopoly into the matter, and con- syderyngo that the weightynes therof would ho myno utter undoynge yf the matter were not good, I went agayne unto Baptista, and more cfleotually dyd enter into talk of the manor of the contract to delyvcr hym c. tons of this ure. Wheruppon ho ofFrcd me to pay xxx li. a ton, being delyvred here at my charges, and the best assurans that I could then gett was to have the ure in myne owno custodye, and for the rest I must credit his honestie. That the ure was of sufficient valew to make mo ryche, I was so well perswaded of his honestie, that I was fully resolved to put the whole matter in hasard, theruppon raakynge this account w"' my selfc that the charges of the ship and the men to dyg the ure would cost me x li. the ton, and I would gyve to y iMa"" i'or the lycens x li. the ton, and the other x li. the ton should he to reliefc me and my children, yf that yo' Ma''^' would not deale w"' this matter for yoursellfe. The xi day, I came agayne to Mr. Secretarie, and gave hym my re- quest in wrytingc. That yf it were so that y"" Ma"e could not be satis- fied of the trewthe ^^f this matter, an.l were not rayndcd to deale therein for yoursellfe, that for the trial! of the niattcr 1 would venture on it at my charges. Yf it would plese y i\Ia''a to gyve me lycens to bryng hether iij c tons of this vre at my costes and charges, I would pay y Ma^'f^iijm li. of money within one yere after the arrivall, and for assurans would gyve my bond, and the ure into y JMa^''"' custodie. He said this demand was to great. 1 remytted it to his owno moderation. lie promysed he would move yo' Ma"", and said I .should have lycens for a reasonable quantyte, which I dyd beleve verely to obtayne, con- syderynge tlie manyfold refusal! had more tlien x tymes ; and the great dyscredite of my playuc report made of the trewthe of the matter from tyme to tyme, accordinge to my dewtye, and the reportes he had of others to whome he had put the ure to profFe, who found no gold. The xvi day of Maiche I came agayne to Mr. Secretarie for answere. He said he had no leysure as yet to move yof Ma''« thereof, but he would doo. He asked of me yf M. Furbisher knew of this matter, I said no, nor none other parson by me, but ouely yo»' Ma"^', and he and liaptista, which is the very trewthe. In this meane tyme I was dayly urged by Baptista to fynishe the contract betwene us as yC Ma''*' may parceave by his iij billcs, No. 4, 5, (), hercinclosed. Whereuppon, at the xix day of Marche I fynished SUHSF.QUKNT TO I II I. IMKSV VOYAOK. !)T y re- Hiitis- erein it at )vyng I'i-y I tor He ration, ycens con- great from vdd of iswere. jut he ttcr I ami Ihc the Ino. 4, Ini ^hed ami Ruhscribcil the same, as yo' Ma"'' may parceavo l)y tlio Hamo contraot heniiiciosoil, lio|)yngo that cythcr l>y yor Ma" ■* lyccns, I (ihoulil lie alilc to parformo the same, or ells that by yo"" Ma"''» favour I hHouM 1)0 scril)0 the same contract, 1 found thereat suhscrihed the i\amo of Sir John liarklcy as suretyo for Haptista to parforme the covenantts ; a thyngo very straungc unto me, for that I never in all my lytl'o had spoken w^'' Sir John Barkley, ncythcr before nor after. The XX day, I came apjayne to Mr. Secretarlo, to know yo"" Ma''"" ple.suro. He said he had movctl yo' Ma"" in the matter, hut had no answore. Ho asked agayno yf M. Kurbysher knew of the matter, I .said no. lie wyllctl me to iinparte it to hym. I said I would, and so 1 dyd. He prayeil mo to get hym another pece of the vre. I said I would. The xxii day, I came to Mr. Secretarie, and brought hym another peco of the vrc. Ho wylled mo in his name to carrye it to one Gef- frey, a Frenchman, and to tell hym that it c.iinc out of Ireland, and to wyl hym to make a proft'c therof, and he to bringc reporte to hym. I dyd accordingly delyucr it w''> the message, and synce that howar I never saw the same Jeffrey, nor never bedbre, but Mr. Secretary hathc told me that he found nothinge therin, but a little sylver, as I remember. The xxviij day Marche, I was w"' others at howsso of Sir William Wyntur in commyssyon by letters from yof Ma"*"" Honourable Privyc Oouncell had by my procurement to consyder vppon all matters recjui- site for the furnyturc and dyspacho of M. Furbisher for Kathai, w'' liusynes bcingo done for that daye, Sir William Wyntar wylled me to come to hym the next mornynge to talk w"' hym in a matter of import- imncc. I came. He cntred w"' me in .secret, prayenge me to tell hym what I had found of the state of tho vre brought home by M. Furbisher. I refused that coni'ercns, sayenge I knew not the matter, nor dyd vnder- stand his meauynge. He said he knew the matter as well as I, and that lie desyred this conferens vppon good meanynge towards me. I refused hym agayne, sayengo I know nothynge, nor would tell nothynge. Then he vrged me agayne, sayenge thatyf I would not tell hym, he would tell me. Then I asked hym, yf he had ,'poken w"' Sir John Uarkley of late. He sayd yea. Then I said, he might know moche of the matter. He iuiswered that he dyd know the whole matter. I answered I thought ho dyd not know all. And then presently he told me the whole eftect of ail my contract made w'-' John Baptista in wry tinge, and furder told me that Sir John Barkley had opened the same to Sir William Morgan, and Sir William Morgtan vnto hym, and thervppon he and they and others liad made proifes therof in a howssc at Lambethc, and also hym scllf in II 98 SIATK I'Al'KKS his ownc howssc w''' his ownc iniin, the prooffos wheruf in gold he shewed me preseiitlyc in his chamber wyndowc, sayenge that it was moche richer then I was informed of, and that it was a matter to great for hyra and rae to deale withall, and belonged onelye to the pryncc. Then I told hym that I was of hys mynde, and that thcrfore accordynge to my dcwtje I had alredy informed yo'' Ma'''' therof longc before, accordinge to the trewthe that was informed me by Ijaptista, but that I was not credited therin, and that this was (as styll it is) vnknowen to Baptista and to Sir John Barkley. Wherathe was raochc abashed, and sayd God hathe brought us together this dayc for suum good, for other wyse I should have done suni- what herein that should have hurte bothe you and me. And then he sayd that it was our dewty that yo'' Ma''« should knowe hereof, and that hym sellfe would certylfy yo' Ma"''' hereof, so as you should be right well {'.ssjred that it was trew. And said agayne that it was a farre greattar treasour then was knowen ; which thynge in deed synce that tyme I have parceaved, by a prooffe therof w'' I have scene made by the same workmen, w'' holdethe more than iiij onces of golde in c.lb. weight of vre, w"'' at iij^j. of money the once amounted xii^i. of money the c w":'' is ccxl pounds of money for every ton of the vre. And it is very likely that where this vre laye on the face of the earthe, there is farre more ryche vre vudar the earthe. But of this matter I thynke yo' Ma''« have byu fully certyffycd by Sir William Wyntar and C. Furboisher, but oncly I put in mynd of yo"" .Ma''" parte of my first wrytyngc delyured, thatyo'' iMa''*^' gyve order in this matter in secreto quanto si puo et con fortessa, et con expcditioue, least forayne prynces sett footte therin. Whervppon that yo'" Ma^'^^may the better consyder, I beseche yo'' Ma"^' to beholde the situation of the world in this small carta herewithall [ircbLUted trcwly thoughe grossely made accordynge to my skyll. And thus by this means of the doynges of Sir John Barkley and Sir William Morgan dealynge therin w^'' others their parteners, and w''' the Douchcmen their workmen vtterly without my knowledge, or ells by the meanes of others, who have pece of the vre for proofl'es of others, and not of me, the secreatnes of this great matter is discoured so as it is abroade. And bycause that I doo vnderstand, aswell by aletter hereinclosed re- ceived from Baptista dated the iiij April, as also by credable report of others, that the blame is layed all on me, as author of the speehe that now is abroade of this great treasour. 1 doo by this wrvfynge j)urge my sellfe of that vntrew surmyse. And 1 doo call to wytnes heaven and earthe, that herein I have symply and trewly sett downe in wrytynge, the manor of all my procedynges in this matter. And I do yeldc into the handes of yo"" Ma''-^' all my goodes and my lyffe at yof pleasure, yf other then this can be proved to be done by me in this matter. And most humbly cravynge pardon of yo' Ma''e fur this my presumtion ■ind besechynge the same to accept my dewtyfuU trew meanynge J SLHSr.QIIFNT TO THK KIllST VOYAGE. 99 hesechc the lyvyuge God to iirescrve yo"" Ma''"' longo to raygnc over us, wi*> all happyncs. I humbly beseche yo"" Ma''*" to restore me the wrytynges of Baptista when as you arc well satisfyed in this matter. Yo' Ma'"^>' most humble subjecte, MicnAEii LoK. The 22 April, 1.577. fg*-' {Colonial :U, Domestic Eliz., cxii, No. 2.5, i.] No. 1. Qucsto poco oro e cauato fuori di quell poca mincra mi mandacti, 6 vcro mi douasLi, di sorte chc si truoua csser in ogiii cento lili. oz. j. \ di oro finissimo, ct largameute. Jii" Bapt* Agncio, Italiano, in Santa Helena in Londra. Adi Ifi .lanaro l-O^G. Dc la JMimera di Tramoutana Maistro. nuovo. No. -2. Mag'" et Ilonor'^^S'' Lok .se vi piacera venir fin (jui, io ho di gia pensato ill caso nostro, et sara di sorte che penso ne restarete satisfatto, et mi vi racco do II'> V"- Giouabatt" Agnello. Adi 31 Jauaro. No. .3. Magc" et Honor'''' S"" Loko. Ilicri hebi risposta da sua JIagt» quale mi fece dire che se io gli hauessi dimandato quello io disiderauo, inanci che lei hauessi concesso el priuilegio chc uoi .sapcte, mi hauerebe conccsso quanto io desiderauo, ma che cssendo dctto priuilegio passato et con- firmato, uon Io voiena romper, per tanto sara buono lasciar I'impresa. Credo che il primo acordo facemo \ oi et io sarebc stato buono per voi et per me senza ecrchar fini oltra. Ogni cosa per il meglio. Et con qucsto me vi racco'''' di cuore. Qnosto di 27 Feb'', del. 77 h, natiuitate. IIo V" Giouabattft Agnello In Casa. No. 4. Sr mio Mag''" mi sara grato intcnder quello habiamo h fare accio 1' amico mio si possi preparare per la giornata ha do fare, per tanto vi prcgo faciamonc vna fine, et mi vi racco''". H ' V" Giouabatt" Agnello. In Casa. No. 5. S' Lok. llicri vi scrissi I'vltima mia resolutione desiderandoui di darmi vltima risposata dell' animo v" et no ho poi inteso altro. Ilora pcrche 1' amico mio so ue va damatiua in jiaesL, son foreiato al risoluerlo del tutto per tanto se per tutto hoggi no mi rissoluete del tutto : pretendo II 0) 100 STATK I'Al'KKS che tutto quello liabiaino di tempo in tempo conferito insiemc sia del tutto ancillato, rio vi delete poi di me et mi vi racco'". IIo V'> Giouabatt« Agnello. No. k ha venduto et vcudc a detto Giouan Baptista Agnello la quantita di cento tonelli (si tanto si puo haueve) di vinti centanari il tonello, cioe
  • , by mc, Jhon Baukelev. [Colonial 34. Domestic KHz., cxii, No. 26, iii.] Mag"^" et llonorJ" S'' Lok, ^lic veuuto air orecchie vn ccrto tuono inaspettato quale mi ha fatto inarassiglia re molto, consideraudo la promcssa vostra mi facesti di tener el negocio nostro secreto la qual cosa non hauete fatto, auci hauete ccr- oato per tutta Loudra se vi fassi qual cuno sapessi far quello ch' io ho lilt to, seuza proposito alcuno, et nuvucando ilella fcde : piu oltra hauete lOii SIATK rAl'KUS pro ferto alia Rcgino di dargli piro dieci per tonello di vna ccerta vostra ininera, fondandossi sopra le mic parole, il chi fu contra cjucllo mi pro- metesti. Et so pur si doucua prescrire i sua Ma*" qualcosa, io 1' harei potuto fare con piu fondamento et honesta che non hauete fatto voi, perchc io gli harei parlato con sostancia ct del mio et uon farni hello dellc mie forti che come hauete fatto voi. Et piu mi promcteste di venir h. sugellare el vostro scritto, et non 1' hauete fatto. Et auco mi prometestc di portarmi el restante della vostra minora, et non 1' haveto manco fatto, per il che io con.sidorando tutte (jueste vostre qualita io son deliberate di non 8e(iuitar piu oltra, per tanto vi prego rimandatemi el mio scritto, et cercato chi moglio vi parcra, ch' io per me non mo ne voglio piu impaciare in conteniuno, et vi protesto oli non mandar per detto minora per mio conto ch' io non la voglio hauer in conto niuno. Et conquesto miracco''" di cuore, et prego Dio vi dia moglior fortuna con altri, Questo di x Aprile del 77. In casa, II" V"^ Gioufibatt" Agnello. Al Molto Magoo Sr Michicl Lok. 1577 Jn'> Bapt" Agnello. Reel the 3 April, 1577. [Colonial, Bast Indies, No. 28. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 31.] MR. MARTIN FURTUSIIERS PETITION TO HER MAJ"' TO BE GRANTED TO HER IN RESPECT OF HIS TRAVAIL ALLREADY, AND IIEliE- AFTER TO BE BESTOWED IN DISCOVERIE OF N EAV LANDS. TuAT it maye please yo"" Ma"" in respect of the late discoveries I have made to the north west, and my greate charges and travaill performed therin to graunte to mo and myne heires, for ever under yc Mai-<^8 let. ters pattentes, the high Admirall-shipp by sea, as well of all those seas alreadie by me discovered or hereafter to be discovered as also duringo my life the government and order by land of suche people of what na- ture soever they shalbe that shall inhabitt in any parte of those dis- coveries made or to be made by me and the same to be executed by my self or sufficiento deputie w'' suche consideration of fee or allowuuce for thoxecucion therof as shall beste please yo"" Ma'ie to bestowe on mo for the same. Ffurther, that it maie please yoi* Ma^'e to graunte me duringe my life for my travaill and service performed in thies discoveries fyve powndes of the cleare gaine of every c""). that shalbe brought owte of the landes or islandes discovered or hereafter to be discovered by mo to the north- west. And after my deathe to myne heires forever xxs, 5, of every c"'", of cleare gayues to be brought as aforesaid. Item, that I maie make free yorelio, duringe my life, of this voyage, SUBSEQUENT TO THE FIRST \OYAGE. 103 six persons, so that for the firstc yere they commc not in w"i above c'"". stoeke, and after to adventure as all others shall do by order. And also that every shipp fraightcd ycrelie into thics new discoveries in consideracion of the greate care I must take of theim bothe in ap- pointitige aj)te men to take charge of their shipps, and also must in- struct theim by sondrie orders and observacions how to holde companic w'*> me shall, duringe my life, give me ouo t-oone fraight of every c. toones to he brought from those places to be paide me in monic by the owner or owners of those shipps accordingc to the value they shall re- ceave or to carrie me the fraight of one toone at my choise. [Colonial, East Indies, No. 32. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 33. | A BUYEF NOTE OF THE COSTE AND CHARCE OF THE IIJ Slliri'S AND FURNYTURE FOR THE SECOND VOYAGE FOR CATHAI, ETC. li. 750 400 . G50 . MO . 950 . (:50 . 150 . 300 For the shyp Ayde, to the Quenes Mat'« For the ij barkes Gabriel and Michael, w'*' almauer furny- ture and ordonans . . . . . For new buyldinge and translating the same ships and for new tackelyng and iinplcmuntes . For ordonans and munytion new bought For vyttelles ..... For wagys of men ..... For nccessaryes, for the mynes and workmen For marchandyse, for trafFyke, and provision Sum of all . . ;j.44O0 This account is but gcssed very nere the trcwthe for that thav 'unttes are not yett brought in parfectlye. And the whole stock of the venturars sett downe in certayntye as yet dothe amonte but . . . . 3( 00 Wherof is yet received but .... ^('.2500 And so thear lachethe in stock of the venturars to supplye this whole charge ..... ^(.1400 Ffor the vf^^ summe of ^i.l400, the venturars are to take order prc- sentlye to dyscharge the debt owinge to dyvers men for thinges had for the furnyture of the said shyps and voyage, whiche is most humldy bcseehed by Michael Lok, who hathe gyven his promessc to them for the payment therof by order of the Coramyssyoners. 104 STATE I'Al'KUS [Colo7iial, No. 29. Domestic Eliz,, cxi, No. 49.] A NOTK OF THE PEOVISION AND FUUNYTURK NECBISSARYE FOR THE SECOND VOYAGE FOR THE DT8C0URYE OF KATHAI, &C. A great peece of this charge cut of, for thare went but one shippe and two barckes in this viage. A shyp of cxl ton burden, w*^'' tackelinge, ordenans, and munition ....... A ship of cxx ton burden, w'l' ttackelings, ordenans, and munition ....... ij barkcs of burden xxv ton echo, w'' were in the first voiage, w"' their tackelinge, ordenans, and munition, w '' now they have, and others to furnyshe and I'cpayer the same, all V shallop, botes, w^'' their takle and furniture, wherof ij w"' close overlops at x\li the pece, and iij open, at x^t the pece ........ A ship of c ton burden, to be fraightcd for fysshinge, in the Straytt." where Furbysher was, and from thens to retornc, w"' one of the barkn in Viilew .... li lUOO 800 450 U Sum of the shyps 2320/t The vyttels for the 180 men, for the said ij shyps and ij barkes, for xviij monthes, at xiijs. iiijc/. the monthe, for eche man . . . . . . <'i21()0 To say in one ship 70 maryners, another (JO maryners, in the ij barkes 30 mariners, and twenty men of ofl'yccs and artyfyce. The wages before hand of those 180 men, for their provi- sion, at iiij/i the man, one w''' another . . . liaoo o Sum of all this— /i50&0 (> The marchandyse for stock, clothes, 50 carseys, 200 cottons, 40 frizes, 10 tyn ijm. Icadc, ijm. coppar, and kettelsijm. and all other marchandyse . . . ^il200 (t Sum of all — /iC280 That it would please the Quenes Ma''^ to graunt her letters patentts of priviledge in the Corparation to the fyrst Venturars and their suc- cessors, in ample manor. That it would please Her Ma"e also to graunt auctoritie to Mr. Frobyshcr, for the governement of the men in obedieus. That warrant may be graunted to take vyttells at reasonable pryces, and Sl'HSEQUKNT TO THK VIRST VOYAGli. 105 to prest men at reasonable wfigys, and to take sliyps at reasonable Itraysemcnt for the sarvyce of this voyage, yf the Quencs Ma''«8 shyps (.loo not sarve. That order may be taken by agrcraent of the venturars for offycers for the good governeraeiit of the Company, and the inayntaynans of their pryvy ledges, and to take the charge of the whole busyncs and accountts. That the shyps may be redy to departe on their voyage by the x day of Marcho. That men may be named by secret commission, to supplye the charge of Mr. Frobyshur and Mr. llawUe, vppou any myshappe, and to bo kept secret vutill tymc of uedc. [Colonial 33. Domestic ELiz. cxi. No. 48, i.J ±% of Marche, 1577. llirriNGK TIIOWT MVET TO BE EMPLOYDE IN THE VIAOE ENTENTED 15Y MR. lURBUSUEU, viz. : — The Ayde The Gabiiell The MyghcU Tons. Maiiiierii. SnUlifrs. 200 65 25 ^ 15 10 3 I- Men 115 25 10 2j 240 85 30 A preportion of vittouls for the said 115 men. (Uysket 16 tons.) Item bysket for v monthes of 28 daiea to the monthe contayneng 14U dales after the rate of Mi per man per diem, xiiij"" iij c. iij quarters at xiij s. iiij ct. per c. . . . . 1)5 16 8 (Mealc 30 tons.) Item meale for xiij monthes contayneng 364 dales, 240 barrells contayneng eche barrell iiij bushels w'' maketh 960 bushells at iiijs per bushell, XKilli mor for the barrells and gryndinge at xxs. per barrell 19 10 Omownts . . 211 10 (Biere 8(i^ tons.) Bicre for vi monthes conteyaneng 168 dales after the computation of one gal lone aman per dale 80^ ton at 'Hi 6s per ton w^'' caske iron whoopes and chardges ....... 181 (Wyne 5 tons.) Malmsey and secke v tons at xx/i per ton 100 (Biefe 5 tons.) Bieft'e for iij monthes having tleshe dales 48, at \li a man per diem, vij'"' iiij<^ weight grose at xiiijs per c weight 51 16 0. Item for bayo sawlic to preserve the same 55 bushels at ijs per bushell 5 10 o. 6 106 STATK I'Al'ERS Item for iiij tons ij hogsheads of caskc to packe the same in at XH per ton, 2 5 mounts .... (Porke 1/)} tons.) Porko for 15 licke monthcs contayncng 240 daies after the rate of l^t weight aman per diem, xxiiij'iii viij« xxiiij li weight at xiiijs per c weight 173 15 more for 186 bushels sawlte at ijs. 18 12 more for 15 ton ^ of casko at lOs per ton, 7 15 mownts (Peasee 10 tons.) Item pease for 288 fleshe daies in the 18 monthes as afore saied allowinge to iiij men 1 q' of pease per diem, 258 bushels at 3s per bushell 38 14 more for 10 tons of caske, 6 0. (Stockc fyshe 2i tons.) Stocko fyshe for 108 daies in ix monthes, as afore saied at 1 quarter of a fyshe aman per diem, iij'"'c fyshes at ij^t per c . . . (Butter 2 tons.) Butter for the saied 108 daies at 1 quarter of a li weight echo man per diem, 3,105 li weight salte at iiijd per li 51 15 more, for waste 250 li weight at iiijd per li weight 4 3 4. (Chiese 4 tons.) Chiose for other 108 daies at half-a-^t weight aman per diem 6210 li weight subtiil more 500 li weight for allowans of waste amowntinge in the whoUe to 6710 li weight at xvjs viijd per c weight (Otmeale H ton.) Item otcmeale 40 bushels towardes the sui)lycngc the want of fyshe .... (Riesc 1^ ton.) Item ricse for the licke cause 2000 oz. . Item caske to stowo the saied otmeale and riesc in iij tons at xs per ton. ..... Item honney ij barrells at iij/i vis viijd per barrell Item sallet oyle 1 hogshead (Provision for store 8 tons.) Item vyneger 1 ton Item aquavietc ij hogsheads Item mustersecd iiij bushels Item candles xij c weight at iijd per li . Item baye sawlte v ton at iiij^t per ton (Woodc 14 tons.) Item wood xiiij'"' at xiijs iiijd perj'"' . (Sea coales 30 tons.) Item sea coalcs 20 chawdcra at xiijs iiijd per chawders ..... (Charcoale 1 ton.) Item charcoales 1 loade Item fyshingc nets, fyshinge lyenes, hooks, harpinge irons and suche lieke nessesaries .... (Provision for sick men.) Item to allowe the surgeone towards the furneshingc of his cheaste . Proynes 2 firkens ...... Item reasons, almonds, liccores, etc. (Provision for the apparelling of the men.) Item wollinge !> I I 200 2 43 14 62 55 18 4 55 18 4 10 26 13 4 1 10 6 13 4 10 8 10 I 10 15 20 9 6 8 13 6 8 1 6 8 8 () 13 4 2 2 SUB8EUUKNT TO THK I'lRST VOYAGE. 107 clothe for jirkcns, brecho and hose, canvas and lynncn^o clothe for dublots and shorts, hats, caps, and shewcs, etc. (Chardgs). Item for land carrage, wharttagc, labras packingc of bief and pork, water carriage, and other extraordennarie, etc. . (Rigging, wages, and vittailes.) Item for the rigglnge, wages, and vittails of Ix men for ij raonthcs to end the last of Aprille next at xxijs vid aman per mensem (Prest monney vppon wages.) Item for the too monthes wages to be emprcsted to the company at ij^i per man . (Merchandizes). For provision of merchandizes . (The Aydo). The Ayde the firste penny . Item more to furni.she her w"^'' ordonance, takle, apparrcll and moiiytions, etc. ..... (The Gabriell.) The Oabriell throwghly perfected in all respects ....... (The Mygholl.) The Myghell in lieke sorte Item ij shallopes ...... 2582 3 4 Sum of tons 22fi tons ^ Sum of monney 3778^i 2 K) Item for the hier of a ship of cxx tons to waight vpon the ships to the Straight, etc. . . OOOli 4278 2 l() Item for divers extraordinary chardges . . . 221 17 2 Sum of all li-ilJOO ^4500 100 (I 30 127 1(» 230 500 760 U 450 ISO 180 24 [_Colonial East Indies, No. 50. Domestic cxix, No. 41. J IHK NAMES OF THE VENTUBA.U8 IN THK SECOND VOYAGE I'oK CATHAIA, &C , BESYDE8 lUEIU VENTUllE IN THE FIRST VOYAGE. The Quenes Ma''" .... The Privie Counsell. The Lord Ilighe Treasorer, 50 The Lord Ilighe Admirall The Lord Chamberlayne, 50 The Erie of Warwyke, 50 . The Erie of Bedford, 25 . The Erie of Leycestcr Mr. Treasorer .... Mr. Controller .... Mr. Secretarie Walsyngham 1000 100 100 100 100 .50 100 60 50 200 1U« SIATK I'Al'l KS Other Vt'iiturars. The Erie of Pembroke . . . . . .150 The Countcsse of Warwykc 50 The Countessc of I'einbrokc, 2.0 50 The Lady Anno Talbot, 25 5(t The Lord Ilounsdon 50 The Lord Charles Howard 60 Sir Ilcnry Wallop, and others 200 Sir Thomas Oreshara 100 Sir Leoncll Duckett, 25 . 60 Sir William Wyntcr 200 Mr. Phillip Sydney, 25 60 — William Pellam 60 — Thomas Raudolphe, 25 . 50 — George Wyntar . 100 — Edward Dyar, 25 50 — Symon Boyer, 25 — — Anthonye Jenkynson, 25 60 — Mathew Smythe 60 — Geftrey Turvyle . 50 — William Payntar 50 — Richard Boylland 50 — Mathew Ffyld, 25 50 — Edward Ilogan . 50 — Richard Yonge . 50 — Thomas Allyn . 50 — Christofcr lluddesdon . 60 — William Ormshamc, 25 . 50 — Rolert Kyndersley 60 — Michael Lok 200 [^Colonial, 33. Domestic Eliz., cxi. No. 48, ii.] YERE 15"//. THE VENTURERS IN THE SECOND VOYAGE FOR CATHAV, ETC. In the first voyage as folowethe. The Quenes Ma''" 50 My Lord llighc Treasurer 50 My Lord llighe Admirall 50 The Erie of Sussex The Erie of Bedford U. 600 100 100 100 25 srilSKUUKNl To IIIK FIRST VOYAGE. KM) 25 25 100 26 25 25 50 The Eric of Warwyko 50 The Erie of Lcyccstcr The Erie of Pembroke My Lord Ilounsdowne My Lord Charles Howard Sir Frauncys KnowcUs Sir James Croft Mr. Friincys Walsyni^ham Mr. Phillip Sydney My LapiiiK about lUUOli. To be yot lowed ■.ioWli. Order to bo t«ln. 'J'lio lyme pnsseth, al- inogi past tor jisyere. [ Colonial, No. 33, Domestic Eliz., cxi, No. 48.] UEPOUT UPON THE OUTFIT Foil TIIK SECOND VOYAOK. It may ploaso jo"" Lordships to undorstanfl, whoras you have liy yo' letters, lieringo date the xvii''' of this present, rcquyred that woo shuldo take vppoa vs tho care of the thoroughc and speedy settingo furtho to tho seas of Mr. Furbusher, w"' tho shipjiingo thought moeto to passo w'l' him for the discoverie pretended. So it is that accordingo to your honnoral»le comawndement wee have travelled in tho same, and do percoavo as foUowoth : Kirst, woo do finde as well by thexamynacion of the said Mr. Furbusher, as also of tho master that was w'^ him in his last viadgc, and other of that company whom wee have particulcrly ex- amyned a part one from tho other, and also vj)pon dyvcrs and sundry other matters whieho wee have pervscd and weyed, that tho supposed Straight whieho Mr. '."'uibusher doth sett out is so farr fourth as we can gather and judge a trueth, and therforo a thingc wurthio in our opynyons to bo followed. The nombur of shippes and other vessells w^'' the men to go in them, tho provicion of victuells to bo made, w^'' all other neces- saries fitt for to serve for the said viailt^e, wee have throughly considered therof, and hauo sett downe the same in particulers whiche dotho amount to iiiji" v" li, as by tho said particulers subscribed w"' our handes may plainely appero, towardes the whiche woo do likewise finde that there is in provicion as well in shippingc as other nccosseries to the valowo of ono thowsand powndcs little more or lesse. So there is to be levied vppon suche as are, or will bo the Adventurers, the rosidewe of the fornamed some of iiij'" v*" li, mowntingo to three thowsard five hundred powndes, whiche matters before rohersed, wee have thought it meete and our dueties to revealc the same, not only to yo"" Ilounors, but also to other partners of that Company of Adventurers in the forsaid viage to thend that tho same beiiige knowen, speedy order may be taken that every person who hath entrod into the Company, and sett downe suchc somes of money as they will adventure, that they do forthwith take order to bringe in their said somes to Mr. Iluggins, beinge appointed Treasorer of that Company, withoutt the whiche uothinge can be doune, and if it should be any longer deferred, tyme wolde not serve this yere to take the viage in hand. And thus havinge shewed to yo^ Lordshipps, and the rest, our travaills and opynyons in that behalf the whiche we leave to yor honnorable consideracions, wee rest prayinge God to preserve you. London, the xxx"' of Marche, 1577. Yo'' Honnorable LL. to command, W. Wynter, Tho. Randolph, G. Wynter, A. Jenkinson, Kdmond Ilogan, Michael Lok. St'HSK«4L'F.NT TO TIIK KIKST VOYAOK. Ill [Coloaial, Uii. Domestic, Eliz., ex, No. 21.] AIlTlCIiEH UF OUAUNT I'ROM TilU QUEKNK's MAJKHX'IU TO TUK OOMPANYE OF KATIIAI. (■(inner of MiiHUuvln. lok. That A, H, C, D, etc., all tho names of the fyrst vcnturorH, with M. a «'oi|.iira- Jjok and M. V robi.shcr, in the fyrst vyage and attempt made for discovery iii i.km to w. (if Kathai and other newlandes by tho north west wards, shalhc one 'i',!!','.,m,|. (,'oinpiiiiyo and corporation for ever to them ami their successors. |'ii"£ of ]()0£ of the vallew of the satne iii.irchaundise that they shall I)ringe in, accordiiige to the vallewation therof, now vsed in our customs in London. That they shall freeley and at their pleasure transport out of our reames and doniynions into any other reames and countryes all such wares and marchaundis as they shall bringe in and not sell in our ilomynions, free, without payment of any customo or dewtie to us out- wardes for the same, notwithstandiuge any lawes to the countrarye, etc. And furdermore, in consideration of the industry, good direction, and great travayll of Michaill Lok of London, mercer, i"^ the fyrst voyage latelye attempted by Martyne Frobysher, gent., for d_ scovery of Kathai and other new landcs by the northewestwards, we doo grauntt and will that the sayd Michaill Lok shalbe the fyrst governore of the sayd Com- panye, to contynew in that offycc for terme of his lytte, except he will rcsygne the same. And ulso in consideration of his great Ci.^c, charges, and venture for the provision and furnyture of the forsayd fyrst voyage of dyscovcrye, we do graunt and will that he shall haue, receive, and tak of the sayd Companye to his owne vse and belioffe for ever, the rate of one of every hundreth of all the wares, goodes, and marchaundis that .shalbe browght into England or other countryes for accountt of the .sayd Companye, accordinge to tlie rate and vallewe therof in the payment of custome to the Queue's majestic. And lykewyse, in con.'^yderation of the industry, good order, and great travayll of ]\Iartync Frobysher, gent., in the execution of the fyrst voy- iigc latly niade in his own parson for the dyscovcry of Cathai and other new landes by the northewestwardcs, we do grauntt and will that the sayd Martyne Frobisher, dcwringe terme of his naturall lyffc, shalbe High Admyrall of all .'eas and waters, countryes, landes, and iles, as Avell of Kathai as of all other countryes and places of new dyscovcry. And also in consydcration of his good sarvyce theirin, we do grauntt an> you sluiU mistrust rather to inuchc than any thinge to litle tovvching the matter of yo"" salftie, when you happen to come to have conference w'*' the people of those parts where you shall arrive: so agayne wee recpiyre you, that in all yo"" doynges you doe so hehave yo"" selfc, and to cavvse yo'' companie to doe the like towards the sayd people as maye gyve lest cawsc of offence, and to procure as muche as in you shall lye to wynne bothe frendshippc and likynge. 14. Item, yf you fynd that the oore bee of that qualitie and quantitie that is looked for, that then you doe procure to lade so muche thcrof in all yo"" shipping as maye bee, all- thoughe you doc leave owte other superfluouse thinges. 15. Item, you shall make yo' returne homewards by the west parts of Ireland, and so by the narrowe seas of England to London, for that wee doe take the same to bee yo"" salfest course. And because wee doe not knowe what other matters maye happen to you in the tymc of yo'' jorney, and thcrfore can not prescribe what is to bee done for yo' rcliefe in suche a case : wee doe thcrfore rcferre the consideration of the same to yo'' good discretion, not doubtyng but that the order w"'* you will take thcrin shalbe agreeable w''' the good ex- pectation that is conceaved of you. 16. Item, wee doe not thinke it good you should bringe hither above the nomber of iij or iiij or 8 or tenne at the most of the people of that countrie : whereof some to be ould and the other yonge whome wee mynd shall not returne agayne thither ; and thcrfore you shall have great care howe you doe take them for avoidyng of offence towards them and the contrie. Lastlie we thincke it verie meete that you geve expresse commaundement vnto the fyners and tryers of the oore that they doe not dyscover the secreats of the riches of suche moynes as by you shall be founde out vnto anie besids your self and such others as to vou shall be thought fit should be made acquaynted therwith for her M"^'* better service in that behalf. A T RUE RE P R T E OF SUCH THINGS AS HAPNED IN THE SECOND VOYAGE OF CAPTAYNE FROHYSIIER, PRETENDED FOR THE DIS- COVERIE OF A NEW PASSAGE TO CATAYA, CHINA, AND THE EAST INDIA, BY THE NORTH WEST. ANNO DO. 1577. Heyng furnished with one tall shippe of hir Majesties, named y" Aydc, of two hundreth tunnc, and two other small barkes, the one named the Gabriell, the other the Michael, about thirtie tunne a peece, being fitlic appointed with men, muni- tion, victuals, and all things necessary for the voyage, the sayde Captayne Frobysher, with the rest of his compaiiie, came aboorde his shippcs riding at l>lackwall, intending (with God's help) to take y" first winde and tyde serving him, the five and twentith day of May, in the yeare of oure Lorde God, a thousande five hundred scventie and seavcn. The names of such gentlemen as attempted this discoverio, and the number of souldyourcs and mariners in each shippe as followeth. Boord the Ayde being Admirall, were y® number of one c men of all sorts, whereof xxx or more were gentlemen and souldyers, the rest sufl^iciente and tall saylors. Aboorde the Gabriell being Vice-admirall, were in all 18 persons, whereof sixe were souldyers, the rest mariners. Aboorde the Michaell were sixteene persons, whereof five were souldyers, the rest mariners. Aboorde the Ayde was : General of the whole company 122 TIIK SFX'ONI) VOVAGK The num- ber of men ill this vojBfie. The con- demned men dis- cbnrged. for hir Majesty, Martin Frobisher; his Lieutenant, George Best ; his Auncicnte, Richar. Philpot ; Corporal of y^ shot, Frauncis Fordcr ; the rest of y" gentlemen, Henry Carew, Edmund Stafford, John Lee, — Itarvie, Mathcw Kyncrslcy, Abraham Lyns, Robert Kyncrsley, Frauncis Brackenburye, William Armshow ; the Maystcr, Chrisofer Hall ; the Mate, Charles Jackman ; the Pylottc, Andrew Dyer ; the M. Gunner, Richard Coxe. Aboorde the Gabricll was : Captayne, Edward Fenton ; one gentleman, William Tamfield ; the Mayster, William Smyth. Aboorde the Michaell was: Captaine, Gilbert Yorke ; one gentleman, Tho. Chambcrlaine ; the Mayster, James Beare. On Whitsonday, being the 26 of May, anno 1577, earcly in the morning we wayed ancker at Blackwall, and fell that tyde downe to Gravesende, where we remayned untill Monday at night. On Monday morning the 27 of May, aboorde the Ayde we receyved all the Communion, by the Minister of Gravesende, and prepared us, as good Christians towardes (jrod, and resolute men for all fortunes : and towards nightc we departed to Tilburie Hope. Tewsday the 28 of Maye, aboute nine of the clocke at nighte, we arrived at Harwitch in Essex, and there stayed, for the taking in of ccrtaine victualles, until Friday, being the thirtith of May, during whyche tyme came letters from the Lordes of the Counsell, strcightelye commaunding oure Generall, not to exceede hys complemente and number ap- poynted hym, whyche was, one hundred and twentye per- sons : whereuppon he discharged many proper men, vhichc wyth unwilling myndes departed. He also dismissed all hys condemned men, whyche he thoughte for some purposes verie needefull for the voyage, and towardes nyghte upon Friday, the one and thirtith of May, we setts sayle, and putte to seas agayne. And sayling nol lail MJ 0)\ th upl OF MARTIN FKOniSHKK. ia.j silviM' i'diiikI ia Uikuey. northwarde alongst the cast coastes of Enijlandc and Scot- ■''•i«i\r'»t lande, the scavtmth day of June, wee arrived in Saintc alpHrMlra Magnus Soundc in Orckney Ilandes, called in Latine luu'ae,'"'' Orcades, and came to ancker on the south syde of the Bay. Ileere oure companye goyng on hmdc, the inhabitants of these ilandes beganne to flee, as from the euctnie, where- uppon, the Lieutenante wylled everye man to staye togythcr, and wente hymselfe unto theyr houses, to declare what wee were, and the cause of oure oomming thyther, whyche beeyng understoode, after their poore manner they friendly entreated us, and brought us for oure money, sucli things as they had. And heere our goldfynders found a mine of^'uvnoof silver. Orkney is the principall of the lies of Orcades, and standcth in the latitude of 59 degrees and a halfe. The countrey is much subject to colde, aunswcrable for suche a climate, and yet yeeldeth some frutes, and sufficient mayn- tenance for the people contented so poorely to live. There is plentie ynough of poultrcy, store of egges, fishe, and fowlc. For theyr bread, they have oaten cakes, and theyr drinkc is ewes milke, and in some partes ale. Their houses are but poore without, and sluttish ynough within, and the people in nature thereunto agreeable. For theyr fire, they burne heath and turffe, the countrey in most parts being voyde of woode. They have greate wante of leather, and desire our olde shoes, apparell, and old ropes (before money) for their victuals, and yet are they not ignorant of the value of our coine. The chiefe towne is called Kyrway. In this iland hath bin sometime an abbey, or a religious sL'^ugmiB house, called Saint Magnus, being on the west side of the ile, 8o""caiied. ^ whereof this sound beareth name, through whyche we passed. Their Governeure, or chiefe lorde, is called the Lord Robert Steward, who at oure being there, as wee understoode, was Kyrway tlio clii'3l towne 124 THK SKCONl) VOYAOK lire (it bndioH nf tree» dryv- in^' in tliu KPIIB. MoiistrouM HhIi and Htrantte fowlo l,vvinf» only h\ the 80R. Wntpr being biHcko and smooth 8igniflelh land lo be nearo. Islands of ice. Tlie firsle syglit of Kreeso- lande. in (I'lrancp at Edenhnrgli, by the Regent's (toinniaundomcnt of Scotlande. After we had provided U8 heere of matter sulKciente for our voyage, the eyght of June we scttc saylc agaync,and passing through Saint Magnus Soiinde, liaving a merrio windc by night, caine clocre, and lost siglit of all the lande, and keep- ing our course west-north-west by the space of two dayes, the wind shifted upon us, so that we lay in traverse on y" seas, with contrarie, making good (as neere as we could) our course to the westward, and sometime to the northward, as the winde shifted. And hcereabout we met with three sayle of English fishermen from Iseland, bound homewardo, by whome we wrote our letters unto our friends in England. AVc traversed these seas by the space of 26 dayes, without sight of any land, and met with much drift woode and whole bodycs of trees. We saw many monsterous fishe, and strange fowlc, whyche seemed to live only by the sea, being there so ftirre distant from anye lande. At length, God favoured us with more prosperous windcs, and after we haddc saylcd foure dayes with good wind in the poupe, the fourtli of July the Michaell (being formost a head) shotte off a peecc of ordinance, and stroke all hir sayles, supposing that they descryed land, whyclie by reason of the thicke mistcs, they could not make perfit : howbeit, as wel our accompt, as also the greate alteration of the water, whiche became more blacke and smooth, dyd playnely declare we were not farre off the coast. Our Gencrall sent his jNIaister aboorde the Michaell (who had bin within the yeare before) to beare in with the place, to make proofe thereof, who descried not the lande perfect, but sawe sundrie huge ilands of ise, which we deemed to be not past twelve leagues from the shore, for about tenne of the clocke at night, being the fourth of July, the weather being more cleere, we made the land perfect, and knew it to be Freeseland. And the heigth being taken heere, we founde oureselves to be in tlie latitude of 60 OP MARTIN FKOIilSHKU. 125 iiore arre the in tlio degrees and a lialle, and were t'iiUcn with the southcrmost parte of this hmd. bctwccuc Orkney and Frcesland arc reckoned leagues. Tiiis Freeseland slieweth a ragged and liigh hmdc.liaving tlie niountaynes ahnost covered with snow alongst the coast full of drift isc, and secmcth almost inaccessible, and is ,\j*^"Y,ej°'' thought to be an iland in bignesse not inferior to England, and is called of some aiithours Weast Freeseland, 1 tiiinke, byciiuse it lyeth more weast than anye part of Europe. It extendeth in latitude to the northward, verie farrc as seemed to us, and appcarcth by a description set out by two brectlircn, Nicholaus and Antonius Genoa, who being driven off from Ireland with a violent tempest, made ship- wracke hecre, and were the first knowen Christians that discovered this laiide, aboutc three hundred yeares sithcncc ; and they have in their sea cardes set out everie part thereof, and described the condition of the inhabitants, declaring them to be as civill and religious people as we.^ And for so much of this land as we have saylcd alongst, comparing their carde with y'' coast, we find it very agreeable. This coast seemetii to have good fishing, for we lying becalmed, kViwi o7" let fall a hooke without anye bayte, and presently caught a "'""'''■ great fish called a hollibut, which served the whoJj com- panie for a days meate, and is dangerous meate for sur- fetting. And sounding about five leagues off from the shore, our lead brought up in the tallow a kind of corall almost ^^,t h".''""*" white, and small stones as bright as christall : and it is not ""'""""'f- tc be doubted but that this land may be found very rich ' The brothers referred to are Niccolo ivnd Antonio Zeno, of Venice, the former of whom, in 1380, ma^e a voyage to the north, and was driven by a storm to the Faroe Islands, whence ho di^patci ed a letter to his brother Antonio, urging him to find means to join hi.n, which he did. * The account was published at Venice, in 1558, bv Francisco Marcolini, a descendant of the Zcno, and was compiled from the fragments of letters written by Antonio Zeno to Carlo, his brother. The Faroe Islands are the " Friseland," here referred to. im THK SROOND VOYAGK and bencficiall if it were throughly discovered, although we saw no creature there but little birds. It is a marvellous thing to behold, of what great bignesse and depth some ilefl'onse'in ^l^Ji^^s of isc bc hecrc, some seventy some eighty fadome wiilre'^iKMl'c''n undcr watcr, besides that which is above, seemyng ilands supposed more than halfe a mile in circuitc. All these ise are in tast to fioiiie. freshe, and seeme to be bredde in the sounds thereabouts, or in some land ncere the pole, and with the wind and tides are driven alongst the coastes. We found none of these islands of ise salt in taste, whereby appeareth they were not The opinion congcaled of the ocean sea water, which is always salt, but of til e frciaen scih of somc Standing or little moving lakes or great fresh waters is deatroyi^d bycxpe- nccrc thc shore, caused cyther by melted snow from the tops of mountains, or by continuall accesse of fresh rivers from the land, and intermingling with y" sea water, bearing yet the dominion (by the force of extreame frost) may cause some part of salt water to freese so with it, and so seeme a little brackish, but otherwise y" maine sea freeseth not, and therefore there is no mare glaciale or frozen sea as the opinion hitherto hath bin. Our general proved landing here twice, but by y'' suddaine fall of mistes (whereunto this coast is much subject) he was like to lose sight of his ships, and being greatly endangered with the driving ise alongst the coast, was forced aboord, and faine to surceasse his pre- tence till a better oportunitie might serve : and having spent four dayes and nights sailing alongst this land, find- ing the coast subject to such bitter cold and continuall mistes, he determined to spend no more time therein, but to beare out his course towards y" streights called Frobishers straights, after y' generals name^who being the firstc that ever passed bcyonde fifty-eight degrees to the northwards, for any thing hath bin yet knowen of certainty of New found land, otherwise called y" continent or firme land of America ; discovered y'' said streights this last yeare 1576, Krobisiiera aiul hoocth that there wil be found a thorough passage into OF MARTIN FROBISIIER. 121 the sea, which lieth on the back side of y*" said New found land called 3Iarc Pacificum or Mare de Stir, by the which we maye go unto Cataya, China, the East India, and all the dominions of the Great Cane of Tartaria. Betweene Freese- land and the straights we had one great storme, wherin y* Michael was somewhat in danger, having hir steerage broken and hir top mastes blowen over bord, and being not past fifty leagues short of y" straightes by our accompt, we strooke sayle and lay a hull, fearing the continuance of the storme, the wind being at the northeast, and having lost company of the barkes in that flaw of wind, we happily mette againe the 17 day of July, having the evening before scene divers ilandes of fleeting ise, which gave an argument that we were not farre from land. Our Generall in y" morn- ing from the maine top (y^ weather being reasonable clcere) descried land, but to be better assured, he sent the two barkes two contrarie courses, wherby they might descrie either the south or north forlande, the Ayde lying oflf and on at sea, with a small saile by an Hand of ise, whiche was the marke for us to meete togither agayne. And abnute noone, the weather being more clcere, we made the North Forlande perfite, which otherwise is called Ilalles Hand, and also the small ilande bearing the name ~)i the saide Hall, whence the ore was taken uppe, whiche was broughte into Englande this last yeare 1576, the said Hall being present at the finding and taking up thereof, who was then maister in the Gabriell withe Captayne Frobisher. At oure arrivall heere, all the seas about this coast were so covered over with huge quantitie of great ise that we thought these places might only deserve the name of Mare Glacialc, and be called the Isie Sea. This North Forlande is thought to be devided from the continente of the norther lande by a little sounde called Halle's Sounde, whiche maketh it an iland, and is thoughte little lesse than the ile of Wight, and is the firstc entrance of The steer- age of the Miclmell broken by tempest. riifi first entrHiioe of tlie alriiights. Hnlles iliiiiil. Tlie de- spription of the stroyglites. 1^8 HE SECOND VOYAGE No more gold ori) found ill tlie fyrsl ilande. the streightes upon the norther side, and standeth in the hititude of 62 degrees, ijo minutes, and is reckned from Freescland Icdgues. God having blessed us wyth so happie a lande fall, we bare into the streightes whyche runne in next hande weast, and somewhat to the northwarde, and came as neere the shoi-e as we mighte for the ise, and uppon the eyghteenth day of July our Generall taking the gold fynders with him, attempted to go on shore with a small rowing pinnesse, upon the small iland where the ore was taken up, to prove whether there were anyc store thereof to be found, but he could not gette in all that iland a pecce so bigge as a walnutt, where the firste was founde, so that it may seeme a greate miracle of God, that being only one rich stone in all the iland, the same should be found by one of our countrymen, whereby it shoulde appeare, God's divine will and pleasure is, to have oure common wealth encreased with no lesse abundance of His hyden treasures and goldo mynes than any other nation, and would that the fayth of His Gospell and holy name should be published and en- larged throughe all those corners of the earth, amongst these idolatrous infidels. But oure men whiche sought the other ilandes thereaboutes, found them all to have good store of the ore, whereuppon our (jicnerall with these good tidings retourned aboorde aboute ten of the clocke at night, and was joyfully welcomed of the companie with a volie of shotte. ERgesnnd Hc brou^fht cggcs, fowle, and a yona: scale aboord, which the companie hadde killed ashore, and having founde upon those ilandes ginnes set to catch fowle, and stickes new cut, with other things, he well perceived that not long before some of the countrey people had resorted thither. Having therefore found these tokens of the peoples accesse in those partes, and being in his firste voyage well acquainted with their subtile and cruell disposition, he provided well for his hotter safetie, and on Friday the ninteenth of July in the morning early, with his best company of gentlemen and Mt'tii In- cognitn hUHI'l'S SPt to catch birds witball/ OF MAHTIN IKOBISHF.R. 129 r souldioures to the number of fortie porsons, went on shoaro aswell to discover the inlande and habitation of the people, as also to fynd out some fittc harborowe for our shippes. And passing towardcs the shoarc with no small difficultie, by reason of the abundance of ise whiche lay alongest the eoaste so thicke togither, that hardely any passage throughe them might be discerned, we arrived at length upon the maine of Halles greater iland, and founde there also, aswcl as in the other small ilands, good store of the ore. And leaving his boats here with sufHcient guarde passed up into the countrey about two English miles, and recovered the top of a high hill, on the top whereof our men made a columne or crosse of stones heaped uppe of a good heighth togither in good sorte, and solemnly sounded a trumpet, nnd said ccrtaine prayers, kneeling aboute the ancient, and iionoured the place by the name of Mount AVarwicke, in remembrance of the Right Honorable the Lord Ambrose Dudley, Erie of Warwick, whose noble minde and good countenaunce in this, as in all other good actions, gave great encouragement and good furtherance. This done, we retired our companies, not seeing any thing here worth further discoverie, the countrie seeming barren and full of ragged mountaincs, in most parts covered with snow. And thus marching towards our boats, we espied certaine of the countrey people on the top of Mount Warwicke with a flag, wafting us backe againe, and making great noise, with cries like the mowing of bulls, seeming greatly desirous of conference with us : wheruppon the General, being therewith better acquainted, answered them again with the like cries, whereat, and with the noise of our trumpets, they seemed greatly to rejoyce, skipping, laughing, and dancing for joy. And hereuppon we made signcs unto them, holding up two fingers, commanding two of our men to go aparte from our companies, wherby they might doe the like. So that forthwith two of oure menne and two of theirs mette togither a goqd space from eompanie. The build- ing of H CollllllII, called M.niiit Whi- wick. Tho first si|,'lil of iho countrie peciple wafting with a tl,i({. 130 THK SECOND VOYAOK The meet- iiig apHrt of two l''.ug- lishiiieii with two of that oouii- trie. The onlcr of their trafllc. Another meeting of two of our men with two of tlielra. neither partie having their weapons about them. Our men gave them pinnes and pointes, and such trifles as they had. And they likewise bestowed on our men two bowe cases, and such things as they had. They earnestly desired oure men to go uppe into their countrie, and our men offered them like kindnesse abnordc oure shippcs, but neyther parte (as it seemed) admitted or trusted the others curtesic. Their manner of traffic is thus : they doe use to laye down of their marchandise uppon the ground, so much as they meane to parte withall, and so looking that the other partie, with whome they make trade, shoulde doe the like, they them- selves doe departe, and then, if they doe like of their marte, they come againe, and take in exchange the others marchan- dise, otherwise, if they like not, they take their owne and departe. The day being thus well .leare spent, in haste we retired our companies into our boates againe, minding forth- with to searche alongst the coast for some harborowe, fittc for our shippes ; for the present necessitie thereof was much, considering that all this while they lay off* and on between the two lands, being continually subject, as well to great danger of fleeting yse, which environed them, as to the so- dain flawes which the coast seemeth much subject unto. But when the people perceived our departure, with great tokens of affection they earnestly called us backe againe, following us almost to our boates : whereuppon our generall taking his maister with him, who was beste acquainted with their maner, vrent apart unto two of them, meaning, if they could lay sure holde upon them, forcibly to bryng them abord, with intent to bestowe certain toycs and apparell upon the one, and so to dismisse him with all arguments of curtesie, and retaine the other for an interpreter. The generall and his maister being met with their two companions togither, after they hadde exchanged certaine thinges the one with the other, one of the salvages for lackc of better marchandise, cuttc oflf the taylc of his coato (which is a chiefe ornament OF .MAKTIN I'ROmSHKK. 131 reat so- ing among them) and gave it unto oiire general for a present. But he presently upon a Avatchword given, with his maister sodainely laid holde upon the two salvages. But the grounde undcrfeete being slippcrie, with the snow on the side of the hill, thire he ndfast fayled, and their pray escaping, ranne awaye, and lightlyc recovered their bowe and arrowes, which they had hid not farre from them behinde the rockes. And being only two salvages in sight, they so fiercely, des- perately, and with such furie assaulted and pursued our generall and his maister, being altogither unarmed, and not I'lie Kng linliineii I to boats. mistrusting their subtil ities, that they chased them to their ''"'^"^ " 'J their b boats, and hurte the generall in the buttocke with an arrow, who the rather speedily fled backe, bycause they suspected a greater number behind y® rocks. Our soldiers (which wer commanded before to keepe their boates) perceiving the danger, and hearing our men calling for shot, came speedily to rescue, thinking there had bin a more number. But when y® salvages heard y"^ shot of one of our calivers, and yet (having first bestowed their arrows) they ran away, our men speedily folowing them. But a servante of my Lorde of Warwickes, called Nicholas Conyer, a good footeman, and uncumbred with anyc furniture, besides a dagger at his backe, ovcrtooke one of them, and being a Cornishman, and one of that o ' couiitrimeu a good wrastler, shewed his companion such a Cornishe "''^^"• tricke, that he made his sides ake against the grounde for a moncth after. And so being stayed, he was taken alive, and brought away, but the other escaped. Thus with their straunge and newe praye, our men repaired to their boates, and passed from the maine to a small iland of a myle com- passe, where they resolved to tarrie all night, for even now a sodainc storme was grown so great at sea, that by no iMoans they coulde recover their ships. And here every man refreshed himseife with a small portion of victualles, whiche was laide into the boates for their dinners, having neither rate nor drunke all the daye before. But bycause iv 2 132 THK SKCOND VOYAGK The Ai.lo Bflt on lire. The great ti«ii(/er of those rocks uf ise. they knewe not howe long the storme might laste, nor how far off the ships might be put to sea, nor whether they should ever recover them againe or not, they made great spare of their victiialles, as it greatly behoved them. For they knew ful wcl, that the beste cheare the countrey coulde yeelde them, was golden rockes and stones, a harde foode to live withall, and the people more readie to eate them, than to give them where witball to eate. And thus keeping veric good watche and warde, they lay there al night upon harde cliffes of snowe and ise, both wettc, cold, and comfortlesse. These things thus hapning with the company on lande, the danger of the shippes at sea was no lesse perilous. For within one houre after the generalls departing in y'' morn- ing, by negligence of the cooke in over heating, and the workman in making the chimney, the Aide was set on fire, and had bin the confusion of the whole, if by chauncc a boye espying it, it hadde not bin speedily with great labour and Gods helpe well extinguished. This day also, were diverse stormes and flawes, and by nine of the clocke at night the storme was growen so great, and continued suche vintill the morning, that it putte our shippes at sea in no small peril, for having mountaines of fleeting ise on every side, we went romer for one, and loofed for another, some scraped us, and some happily escaped us, that the least of all of them were as dangerous to strike as any rocke, and able to have split asunder the strongest shippe of the worlde. Wee had a scope of cleare withoute ise (as God would), wherein we turned, beyug otherwise compassed on everye side about, but so much was the winde, as so little was our sea room, that being able to bcare only our fore- coast, we cast so oft about, that we made fourtecne hordes in eight glasses running, being but foure houres : but God being our best steresman, and by y" industry of Charles Jackman and Andrew Dyer, then maisters mates, both very expert mariners, and iiichard Cox, the maister gunner, with OF MAKTIN FKOBISHEU. 133 other very carefull saylors, then within bordc, and also by mkIii with. the helpc of y" clearc nii'lits winch are without darkenesse, i'i'i'»t ' ■' countrey. we did happily avoyde those present daungcrs, whereat since we have more marvelled than in the present daunger feared, for tha^ every man within horde, both better and worse, had ynough to doc, with his handcs to hale ropes, and with his eyes to lookc out for daunger. But the nexte morning, being the "0 of July, as God would, the storme ceasedj and the general espying the shippes with his newe captive and whole companie, came happilye aborde and re- ported what hadde passed a shoare, whereupon, altogither upon our knees, gave God humble and hartie thankes, for that it hadde pleased him, from so speedy peril to send us such specdie deliverance, and so from this norther shoare we stroke over towards the southerland. The one and twentieth of July, we discovered a bay, which raiMie into the lande, that seemed a likely harborow om- iiiHi« coiniiiMig for our shippes, wherefore our general rowed thither with °",',',',eHaii.i hys boates, to make proofe thereof, and with his goldfinders straigia/j!" to searche for ore, having never assayed anye thing on the south shoare as yet, and the first small iland whiche we landed on, here all the sands and cliftes did so glister and had so bright a marquesite, that it seemed all to be golde, / but upon tryal made, it proved no better than blacke leade Amyneof and verified the proverb — All is not golde that shineth. Upon the two and twentieth of July, we bare into the sayd sounde, and came to anker a reasonable bredth off the shoare, M'here, thynking our selves in good securitie, we were greatly endangered with a peece of drift ise, which the ebbe brought forth of the soundes, and came thwart us ere we were aware. But the gentlemen and souldicrs within horde, taking great paynes at this pinche at the capstone, overcame the most daunger thereof, and yet for all that might be done, it stroke on our sterne such a blowe, that we feared least it had stryken away our rudder, and being forced VM TIIK SECOND VOYACK tlupkniiins ^•ouml. SioitliB Hand. The f)iiJ- iiig ot 1111 uiiicdi'iiea honif . to cut our cable in the hawse, were fayne to set our forcsaile to runne further up within, and if our sterage had not bin stronger, than in the present time, we feared we had runne the shippc upon the rocks, having a very narrowe channcll to turne in; but, as God woulde, al came well to passe. And this was named Jackmans Sounde, after the name of the niaistcrs mate, who had first liking unto the place. Upon a small ilande, within this sound, called Smiths Hand (byc;\use he first set up his forge there), was founde a mync of silver, but was not wonne out of the rockes without great labour. Here our goldfyndcrs made saye of suchc ore as they founde uppon the Northerlande, and founde foure sortes thereof to holde golde in good quantitie. Upon an- other small iland here was also founde a great deade fishe, whiche, as it should sceme, had bin embayde with ise, and was in proportion rounde like to a porpose, being about twelve footc long, and in bignesse answerable, havyng a borne of two yardes long growing out of the snoute or nos- trels. This home is wreathed and strayte, like in fashion to a taper made of waxe, and maye trueiy be thoughte to be the sea Unicorne. 'J'his borne is to be scene and reserved as a jewel, by the Queens majesties commandement in hir wardrop of robes. The form whereof is here set down. Tewsday, the three and twentyth of July, our general with his best company of gentlemen, souldicrs and saylers, to the number of seaventie persons in all, marched with aunciento displaydc uppon the continent of the Southerlande (the supposed continent of America), where, commandyng a trumpet to sounde a call for every man to repayre to the auncient, he declared to the whole company, how much the cause imported, for the service of hir majestic, our countrey, our credites, and the safetie of our own lives, and therefore required every man to be conformable to order and to be directed by those he shoulde assignc. And appointed for leaders, C'aptainc Fcnton, ('ii[)l;iiii Yorke, and his lieutenant, G< an vni so lit Ol' MAKTIN FROHISHEU. 135 George Bcstc ; whichc done, we cast our selves into a ring, and altogither uppou ourc knees, gave God humble thankes, for that it had pleased him of his grcate goodnesse in pre- serving us from such imminent dangers, to bestow so great and hidden treasures upon us his poore and unworthye ser- vants, beseeching likewise the assistance of his holy spirite so to deliver us in saftie, into our countrey, whereby the light and truth of these secretes being known, it might re- bound to the more honor of his holy name, and consequently to the advancement of our common wealth. And so, in as good sorte as the place suffered, we marched towardes the tops of the mountains, which were no lesse painful in clym- ing, than dangerous in descending, by reason of their steepe- nesse and ise. And having passed about five miles by such unweldie wayes, we returned unto oure ships, without sighte of any people, or likelyhoode of habitation. Here diverse of the gentlemen desired oure general to sufler them to the number of twentie or thirtie persons, to marche up thirtic or forty leagues in the eountrie, to the cndc they mighte dis- cover the inlande, and do some acceptable service for their cDuntrey. But he not contented with the matter he sought for, and well considering the short time he had in hande, and the greedie desire our countrey hath to a present savour and retourne of gaync, bent his whole indevour onely to finde a mine, to fraight his ships, and to leave the reste (by God's help) hereafter to be well accomplished. And therefore the twentie sixte of Julye he departed over to the Northlandc with the two barkes, leaving the Ayde riding in Jackmans Sound, and ment (after he had founde convenient harborowe, and fraight there for his shippes) to discover further for the passage. The barkes came the same night to anker in a sound, upon the Northerland, where the tydes did runne so swifte, and the place so subject to indraftcs of ise, that by reason thereof they were greatly endangered, and having founde a very rich myne, and got almostc twentie tunne of \m THK SECOND VOYAOK Ileiirs Honiiil. Lecester Hand. A tombe witli ft dend niRtis bi>nes ill it, I'ouiid Bt (letjreea III laiitude. Bridles, knives, imd oilier iii- piiiimeiiU found hid iiinuiig tlio rocks. ore togitlicr, upon the 28 of July, the ise come driving into the Sounde wlicre the b.irkes road, in such sort, that they were therewith greatly distressed. And the Gabtiill riding asternc the Michacll, had hir cable gauldc asunder in the hawse, with a peece of driving ise, and lost another anker, and having but one cable and ancker lefte; for she has lostc two before, and the ise still driving uppon hir, she was (by Gods helpc) wel fenced from the daunger of the rest, by one great iland of ise which came a grounde hardc a heade of hir, ■which, if it had not so chaunced, I think, surely she had bin cast upon the rockes with the ise. The Michael niored ancker upon this great ise, and roade under the lee therof : but about midnight, by the weyght of it selfe, and the setting of the tydes, the ise brake within halfe the barke's length, and made unto the companie within bord, a sodaine and fearefuU noyse. The next flounde tovvarde the morning we weyed ancker and went further uppe the straightes, and leaving our ore behinde us which we had digged, for hast, left the place by the name of Beares Sound, after the mas- ters name of the Michael, and named the iland Lecesters Iland. In one of the small ilands here, we founde a tombe, wheriji the bones of a dead man lay togither, and our savage being with us and demanded (by signes) whether his coun- treymen had not slain this man and eat his flesh so from the bones, he made signes to the contrarie, and that he was slain with wolves and wilde beastes. Here also was founde hid under stones good stoare of fish, and suudrie other things of the inhabitants : as sleddes, bridles, kettels of fishe skinnes, knives of bone, and such other like. And our savage de- clared unto us the use of all those things. And taking in his hand one of those countrey brydels, he caughte one of our dogges, and hamprcd him handsomely therein, as we do our horses, and with a whip in his hande, he taught the dogge to drawe in a sledde, as we doe horses in a coutche, setting himselfe thercuppon like a guide ; so that we might se A d(. in Se OK MARTIN FKOIIlSlli:il. 13-; 111 or do lie IC, lit see, they use tlogges for that purpose, as we doc our horses. |J|l'«7t"''" Ami we founde since by experience, that the lesser sortc of lirKw^ielu docrges they feede fat, and keene them as donic^sticall cattel i1"K'< mr , , . . tli.'lr meiile, in their tentes, for their eating, and the greater sort serve for the use of drawing theyr sleds. The twcntie ninth of July, about five leagues from Beare's ,'||",|(„Bge, Sound, we discovered a bay, which being fenced on cche "'"' side with small ilandes, lying of the mayne, wliych break the force of the tydes, and make the place free from any in- draftes of yse, did prove a very fitte harborow for our ships, where we came to anker under a small iland, whiche now togither witii the sound, is called by the name of that right honorable and vertuous lady, Anne, Countesse of Warwicke. And this is the furthest place that this yeare we have entred uppe within the streyghtcs, and is reconcd from the cape of the Queen's forelande, which is the entrance of the streights, not above 30 leaifucs. Upon this ilande was found ^ood store Thirtie of the ore, which in the washinjir helde i?olde plainly to be t'l^"!-''! ' o o I J within till) seen: whereupon it was thoughte besle rather to loade here, '^'■"*3"«'»- where there was store and indifferent good, than to seek further for better, and spend time with jeopardie. And therefore oure generall setting the myners to worke, and shewing fyrste a i^ood president of a painefuU labourer and a u...hi , , . , prpsiilent a good captaine in himselfe, gave good examples for others ;^_[ "'^^"°g to i'ollow liiin : whereuppon every man, both better and ('.'.^("lU*!,"^ worse, with their best endevors, willingly laide to their help- ing handes. And the nexte daye, being the 30 of July, the Michaell was sente over to Jackmans Sounde for the Ayde and whole companie to come thither. Upon the maine lande over against the Countesse's Iland, we discovered and be- helde to our ^I'^at marvell, the poor caves and houses of '''« """"'■ tliose countrie people which serve them (as it shoulde seem) \'"Z^eom!- for their winter dwellings, and are made two fadome under "^'^' grounde, in compasse rounde, like to an oven, being joyned iast one by another, having holes like to a fox or eonny 138 THE 8RC0N1) VOYAOR Ikiiii'B MHnd itiHtcnil of timber. The glut- tiahnesse (if lliose people. A Hi ftio set U|> by the BHViige cup- ti\9,iiml the inuiiiiiiig theri'of. beiric, to kcepe and come to{i[ither. They under- trcncli these places with gutters, so that the water falling from the hills above them, may slide away without their anoiancc, and are seated commonly in the foote of a hil, to shicldc them better from the colde winds, having their dorc and entrance ever open towardcs the south. . From the ground upward they builde with whales bones, for lacke of timber, whiche, bending one over another, arc handsomely compacted in the toppc togither, and are covered over with scales' skinnes, whiche instead of tiles, fcnccth them from the rayne. In cache house they have only one roome, having the one halfc of the floure raysed with broad stones a foote higher than y" other, whereon strawing mosse, they make their nests to sleepe in. They defile these dennes most filthylie with their beastly feeding, and dwell so long in a place (as we thinke), untill their ownc sluttishnesse lothyng them, they are forced to seeke a sweeter ayrc and a new seatc, and are (no doubt) a dispersed a..d wandring nation, as the Tartarians, and live in hords and troupes, withoutc anye certayn abode, as may appeare by sundry circumstances of our experience. Here our captive being ashore with us, to declare y'' use of such things as we saw, stayd himselfc alone behind the company, and did set up five small stickes round in a circle, one by another, with one smal bone placed just in y'' middst of all: which thing when one of our men perceived, he called us backc to behold y*^ matter, thinking that he had meant some charme or witchcraft therin. But y" best conjecture we could make thereof, was, that he would thereby his countreymen should understand y"^ for our five men which they betrayed the last yeare (whom he signified by y'' five sticks) he was taken and kept prisoner, which he signified by y" bone in y*" midst. For aflerwardes, when we shewed him the picture of his countreyman, which y" last yeare was brought into England (whc^e counterfet \vc had drawne, with boaie, and other fur- OK MARTIN FR()UI>HKH. 130 niture, both as he was in his own, and also in English aparell) he was upon the suddaync muchc amazed therat, and bc- hoMing advisedly the same with silence a good while, as thougli he would streync courtesie whcthci* shoulde begin y" speech (for he thoughte him no double a lively creature) at length, began to question with him, as with his com- panion, and finding him dummc and mute, seemed to sus- pect him, as one disdayniul, and would with a little help have growen into choller at the matter, until at last by feel- ing and handling, he foundc him but a deceiving picture. And then with great noyse and crye^', ceased not wondering, thinking that we couldc make menne live or die at our pleasure. And thercuppon calling the matter to hys remembrance, he gave us plainely to understande by uignes, that he had knowledge of the taking of our five men the last yeare, and confessing the manner of eche thing, numbrcd the five men upon his five fingers, and poyntcd unto a boate in our ship, which was like unto that wherein our men were betrayed. And when we made him signes that they were slaine and eaten, he earnestly denied, and made signes to the contrarie. The last of July, the Michael retourncd with the Aijcle to us from the Southerlande, and came to anker by us in the Countesse of Warwicks Sounde, and reported that since we departed from Jackmans Sound, there happened nothing among them there greatly worth the remembraunce, until the thirtieth day of July, when certaine of our companie being ashore upon a small iland within the said Jackmans Sound, neare the place where the Ayde roade, didde espie a long boate with divers of the countric people therein, to the number of eightecnc or twentie persons, whom so soone as oure men perceived, they retourned speedily aboorde, to give notice therof unto our companie. They might perceive these people climbing up the toppe of a hill, where, with a flaggc, they wafted unto our shippc, and made great oul- I'Ik) HHVa^e iiinii/.oil nt liJH riillll- tri'MiiiiiiH |ik'turu. Aniilher slie* of tweiitii- |)Br- sons of thai cotint.j ii^ in Olio boftte. MO Tin; SKCOND VOYAGK cries and noises, like so many bulls. Here uppon o'w men did presently man forth a small skilf, liaving not above sixe or seaven persons therein whichc rowed neare the place where those people were, to prove if they could have any conference with them. But after, this small boate was scnte a greater, beoyng well appoyiitcd for their rescue, if neede required. As soone as they csj)icd our companye comming neare them, they tookc their boates and hasted awaye, cither for feare, either else for pollicie, to drawe our men from rescue further within their danger : wherefore our men construing tlieir comming thither was but to seeke advaunta^e, followed speedily after them, but they rowed so swii'tly away that our men could come nothing neare them. Howbeit they failed not of their beste endeavour in rowing, and having chased them above two myles into the sea, returned into their shippes againe'. The morning following, being the first of August, Cap- tainc Yorke, with the MichoeU,c\\mv into Jackman's Sound, and .eclared unto the company there, that the laste night's past, he came to anker in a certainc baye (which sithens was named Yorkes Sounde), aboutc fourc leagues distant fron: Jackmans Sound, being putte to lewarde of that place f(M- lacke of winde, where he discovered certainc tents of the e(/untrie people, where going with his companye ashoare, he entred into them, but founde the peopl(^ departed, as it siioulde seem, for feare of their connnins'. lUit amonn;est sundrie straunge things whichc in these tentes they founde there was rawe and ncwe killed lleshe of unknown sortes, witii dead carcasses and bones of dogs, and I know not what. They also beheld (to their greatest marvaile) a dublet of canvas, made after the Englishe fashion, a shirt, a girdle, three shoes for contraric feete and of unequal big- wiiicii.. 111.- in-y^t- which they well eoniecturcd to be the apparell of our WITfl till' fii|ilive. th Yorkes fiouiules. 'Ihn lip- (uirell foimdi' HKiiiiie 111' nin'e IltiK liilllMlllll f hi ni( an mi w to ot so wiTfliHk.M 1^^.^, jn„,,.,, (.((iiiitiicincii wliirhc wcic inlcriepted the laste OK MARTIN I'KOIMSHKR, 141 t's 'IIS ant ICC :ic n\ it est do OS, lOt ;i a ur >tf I yearc by those countiic people, ahoutc; fil'tye leagues froni this place further within the straightcs. Wherupon, our men being in good hope that some of them might be here, and yet living, .he captaine devising for the best, lefte his mind behind liim in writing with pen, yncke, and paper also, whereby our poore captive countriemen, if it niighte come to their handes, mightc knowe their friendo nindcs, and '^ «'«"• •'« " vice o ( n|i- of their arrival!, and likewise rctourne their answer. And '^■■""'' ^ "'''''• so without taking any thing away in their t< iitcs, leaving there also looking glasses, pointer, and other of our toyes (the better to allure them by such friendly means) departed aboorde hys barke, wyth intent to make haste to the Aijde, to give notice unto tlu^ conipanye of all such things as Ik; had there discovered : and so ment to rcfi iie to these tents againc, hoping, that ho might by u.-cc or policie cntrappe or entice the people to some friendly conference. Which things, when he had delivered to the company there, they determined forthwitli to goe in hande with the matter, llereuppon Caytaine Yorkc, with the maister of the Aydc and his mate (who, the nigiit before, had bin at the tents, and came over from the other side in tiie Mirlxtell with him) being accompanied with divers of the gentlemen and soul- diers, to the number of .SO or 40 persons, in two small rowing pinnesses, made towardes the place where the night before they discovered the tents of those people, and, setting Charls •lackman, being the master mate, ashor with a convenient number over lande, mcning to compasse them on the one side, whilst the captaine with his boats might entrap them (in the other side. Hut binding at last at y'' place wh«Me the night before they left them, they found them with their tents removed. Notwithstanding, our men which marched up into y'" countrie, passing over two or three tedious mountains, by chance espied certainc tentes in a valley underneath them ncare unto a cre^ke by the sea side, Nvhiclie, bycause it was not the place where the guide had 142 THK SKCOND VOYAOK bin the night before, thoy judged them to be another com- pany, and besetting them about, determined to take them if hHve''bo"ar '^'^y could. But they having quickly descried our companie, liKm-HsZ launched one great and another small boate, being about 16 The iiiK- or 18 persons, and very narrowly escaping, put themselves rh!""peo- ^^ ^^^- ^V'hereupon our souldiers discharged their calivers and ciuutrey*' followcd them, thinking the noise thcrof being hearde to our boats at sea, our men there woulde make what speede they might to that place. And therupon, indcede, our men whichc were in the boats (crossing uppon them in the mouth of the 1 lie swill sounde, whereby their passaL'e was let from getting sea Uiusepeo- j-QQmQ^ wherein it had bin impossible for us to overtake them by rowing) forced them to put themselves ashore upon a point of lande within the said sound (which upon the occa- Pohit"'"'^ sion of the slaughter there was since named the Bloudie Point) whereunto our men so speedily followed, that they hadde little leysure lefte them to make any escape. But so soone as they landed, eche of them brake his oare, thinking by that meanes to prevent us in carying awaye their boates for want of oares. And desperately retorning upon our men, resisted them manfullye in their landing, so long as Allot ekir- theyr arrows and dartes lasted: and, after gatherinc: up those 'i:u^\Lu'mi>\ fii'i'ows which our men shot at them, yea, and plucking our omuire/.'"'^ arrowes out of their bodies, encountred afresh againe, and maintained their cause, until both weapons and life utterly failed them. And when they founde they were mortaliy i-iltenrturo wouudcd, bciug iguoraut what mercy meaneth, with deadly furic they cast themselves headlong from off the rocks into the sea, least perhaps their enemies shoulde receive glory or prayc of their dead carcasses ; for they supposed us be like to be canibalcs, or eaters of mans flesh. In this con- flict one of our men was dangerouslie hurt in the bellie with one of their arrowes, and of them were slayne five or sixc. The rest by flight escaped among the rockes, saving two women, whereof the one being old and ougly, our men Q YiMkcs Suuiul. of tllOHO peoiile. OV MAKTIN P"K0I!ISH?;K. 143 y ly be; n- th .c. ■11 thought she had bin a divell or some witch, and therefore let her go: the other being yong, and coinbred with a suck- ing childe at hir backe, hiding herselfc behinde the rocks, was espied b_, one of oure men, who, supposing she had bin ll"^^^^\'"!'' a man, shot through the hearc of hir head, and pierced "'M','.i''ii!i. through the child's armc, whereupon she cried out, and was taken, and our surgeon, meaning to heale hir child's arme, applyed salves therunto. But, she not acquainted with such kin^of'sur- kiiide of surgerie, plucked those salves aN-ay, and, by con- Nu'iur""'' ,,,.,. •II- 1 iM I achiith. tinuall hcking with hir own tongue, not much unlike our dogges, healed uppe the child's arme. And bycauso the daye was well neare spent, oure menne made haste unto the restc of oure companic, which on the other side of the water remained at the tents, where tiieye founde by the apparell, letter, and other English furniture, that they were the same companye whiche Captaine Yorkc discovered the night be- fore, having removed themselves from the place where he left them. And now considering their sodaine flying from our men, and their desperate manner of fighting, we begannc to suspect that we hadde already heard the lastc newes of our men, whiche the lastc ycare were betrayed of these peo- ple. And considering, also, their ravenesse and bloudy dis- position in eating anye kindc of rawe flesh or carrion, howsoever stinking, it is to be thoughte that they had slaine and devoured oure men. For the doublet whiche was founde in their tentes had many therein, being made with their arrowes and darts. But njwe the night beinge at hande, our men with their captives and suche poore stufic as they found in their tentes, returned towardes their shippes ; when being at sea there arose a sodaine flawc of winde, which was not a little dan- gerous for their small boates. But, as God would, they came all safely aboorde. And with these good newes they retourned (as before mentioned) into the Countesse of War- wicks Sound, unto us, and bctweene Jack mans Sound, 144 rilK HKCONl) VOVAfiK 'riif iinr- riiwiiMt |iIh(10 lift III! iitriii|{lit(!>< tH It l«H|{UOH over. 'Ilin QiimilliiH Tilt! iiiiiiiiiiir of ilin iiirut- lll({ 111' jc IW(l rll|itiveH iimi llii'ir lllitMllllJII. iiiiiiil. from whence they came, aiid the Couiitenso ol VVarwicks Sound, hetwecne land and land, Ix'inj^c thouj^hle tlie nar- rowest place of tlie straigiitcs were judi((;d nine leagues over at leaste : and Jacknians Sounde being uppon the Southcr- landc, lyeth directlyc almoste over againste the Countesses Sound, as is r(;ckned, scarce thirty leagues within the straightes from the (iueenes Cape, which(; is the entrance of the Straightes of Southerland, being the supposed conti- nent of America. This fJape being named (,iu(;en<; Eliza- brths (/'aj)e, standeth in the latitude ol degrees and a halfe to tlu; noilhward';s ol' Nf.vvefoiind lande, and ui)p()n the same continent, for any thing that is yet knowen to the contraric. Having now got a woman captive; for tin; comfort of our man, wc brought them both togither, and ev' l'n|ltlVL'H, ii|>|i»nrriiii'n »f iljiit niiiiij|.rio liciiplc I4(> IIIK SKCON'I) VnYA(iK 'I'llOHC, JlOO- pin know llll! IIHU of A Inlter NCIll. lO tlltt llvi! I':rif;- liVOH. {i)()]i captive tli(' last ycaio, and jjioniised tlictn not only to i(;loaHsc tliosc whyche hcc iiadde taken, but also to reward them wyth greate giftcs and fVicndsliij). Our savage made signes in answere from them, that cure men shouhlc be de- lyvred us, and were yet living, and made signes lykewisc unto us, that wee shoulde write oure letters unto them ; for they knewc very well the use we have of writing, and re- eeyved knowledge thereof, eyther of oure poore captive countreymen whyche they betrayed, or else by thys oure newe captive who hathe scene us dayly write and rcpeate agayne such wordes of hys language as we desired to Icarne: !,.it they, for thys nyght, bycause it was late, departed with- out any letter, although they called earnestlie in haste for the same. And the nexte mornyng earelie, beeyng the seaventh of August, they called agayne for the letter, whyche beeyng delyvred unto them, they speedily departed, making signes wyth three fingers, and poyntyng to the sunne, that they meante to returne wythin three dayes, un- tyil whyche tyme we heardc no more of them : and, aboute th(! tynie appoynted, they returned in suche sorte as you shall afterwardcs heare. Thys nyghte, bycause the people were very ncerc unto us, the lieutenant caused the trumpet to soundc a call, and '..vcrie man in the ilande repayring to the auntiente, he patt(; them in mynde of the ])lace so farre from theyr countrey wherein they lived, and the danger of a multitude whyche they were subject unto, if good watche and warde were not kcptc; for at everie lowe water the enimie myghtc come almost dryfoote from the maync unto us, wherefore hee wylled cverye man to prepare hym in good readynesse uppon all soddayne occasions, and so giving the watch their charge, the company departed to rest. I thought the captaynes letter well worth the rcmembring, not for the circumstance of curious cnditing, but for the .substance and good meaning therein rontavned, and there- Ol' MARTIN rKOIlISHEK. 147 fore have repeated hccre the same, as by himselfe it was hastilic written. THE KORMK OF MAHTIN t KOIJISllKKS I.KITKR TO THI. UNOLISHK CAI'TIVKS. In tlie name of God, in whom we al beh;ve, who, I trust,, hath preserved your bodyes and souls amongst these infidels, I eommend me unto you. I will be glad to seekc by all meanes you can devise, for your deliverance, eyther with force or with any commodities within my shiopcs, which I will not spare for your sakes, or anything else I can do for you. I have aboord of theyrs a man, a woman, and a childc, which I am contented to deliver for you; but the man I carried away from hence the laste yeare, is dtad in Eng- land. Moreover, you may declare unto them, tliat if they deliver you not, I wyll not leave a manne alive in their countrcy. And thus unto Ciod, whome 1 trust you do serve, in haste I leave you, and to him we will dayly pray for you. This Tuesdayc morning, the seaventh of August, anno 1577. Yours to the uttermost of my power, Mahtin Fuojwshkk. I have sent } ou by these bearers, pennc, incke, and paper, I'-BiRoript to write backe unto me agayne, if persr)nally y'^>u can not come to certifyc me of your estate. Now, had the generall altered his determination for going any further into the straights at this time, for any further discoverie of the passage, having taken a man and a woman of that countrey, whiche he thought sufficientc for the use of language; and having also metleM'yth these jxople heere, uliich intercepted his men the last yeare (as the apparell and. Ilnglishe furniture whiche was found in their tentes very well declared), he knewe it was but laliour lost to seeke them further off, when he had found them there at hand. And considering, abo, the short*' lini' lu li;ul in handc, lu' riic ciiuBf why I'ro- IjikIii r (iii- lr>:ii iio Inr- tlill llio hill lii|>|ic ISO THE SECOND VOYAGE A Bkirmiah showed to l)lO80 puo- plo. Thoir flags made of blathers. On Sunday, the twelfth of August, Captaync Fenton trayncd the companyc, and made the souldyourcs mainc- tcync skyrmishe among themselves, as well for theyr exer- cise, as for the countrcy people to beholdc in what readyncsse ourc menne were alwaycs to bee foundc ; for it was to bee thoughte that they lay hydde in the hylles thcreaboute, and observed all the manner of our proceedings. On Wensday, the fouretcenth of August, our generall, wyth two small boates, well appoyntcd ; for that he luspected the countrey people to lye lurking thcreaboute, wente up a cer- tayne bay wythin the Countesses Sound, to search for ore, and mette agayne wyth the countrcy people, who so soone as they saw our men, made groatc outcrycs, and with a white flagge made of blathers, sowed togythcr wyth the guttes and sinewes of beastes, wafted us amayne unto them, but shewed not above three of thoyr companyc. But when wee came neere them, wee myght perccyve a greate multi- tude creeping behyndc the rocks, whychc gave us good cause to suspecte thcyr trayterous meaning: whcreuppon we made them signes, that if tiiey would lay their weapons aside, and come forth, we woulde deale friendly with them, although theyr intente was manifested unto us : but, for all the signes of friendship we coulde make them, they came still creeping towards us behindc the rockes to get more ad- vantage of us, as though we had no eyes to see them, thinking belike, that our single Avittes could not discover so bare de- vise and simple drifts of theyrs. Thcyr spokesman earnestly persuaded us, with many enticing notices, to come, eat, and sleepe ashore, with great arguments of courtesie, and clap- ping his bare handes over his head in token of peace and innocencie, willed us to do tlie like. But, the better to allure our hungry stomachs, he brought us a trimme bayte of raw flesh, v/hich, for fashion sake, with a boathooke, we caught into our boate: but when the cunning cater perceived his first cold morscll could nothing sharpen our stomacks. Dl OF MAKIIN I'KOHISIIKR. 151 lie cast about for a new trayne of wannc fleshc to jirocurc oui" apijetitcs, wherefore he caused one of hys followes in (inmt halting manner, to come forth as a lame man from behind the rockcs, and the better to declare his kindncsse in carving, he hoysed him uppon his shoulders, and bringing him liard to the water side where we were, Icfte him there lymping, as an casic pray to be taken of us. His hope was, that wo would bite at this bayte, and spcdily leapc ashore within their danger, whereby they might have apprehended some of us, to ransome thcyr fricndcs home againe, which before we had taken : but, I doubt, our flesh is so sweetc meatc for them, that they will hardly part from so good morsels, if we come once nere their handling. The gentlemen and soul- diers had great will to encounter them ashore, but the genc- rall more carefuU by processe of time to winne them, than wilfuUie at the first to spoyle them, would in no wise ad- mittc that any man shoulde put himselfe in hazardc ashore, considering the matter he now cntcndcd was for thr- ore and not for the conquest : notwithstanding, to prove thi.s criplcs footemanshippe, he gave liberty for one to shoote : where- uppon, the criple having a parting blovve, lightly recovered a rocke, and went awaye a true and no fained criple, and hath learned his lesson for ever halting afore suchc criplcs againe. But his fellows whiche lay hid before, full quickely there appeared in their likenesse, and maintained the skir- nilshe with theyr slings, bowes, and arrowes very fiercely, and came as noerc as the vi ^ter suffered them : and with as desperate uiinde as hath bin scene in any men, withoute feare of shotte or any thing, followed us all along y^ coast, but al their shot fel short of us, and are of little dan>rer. They had belayd al y'' coaste along for us, and being dis- persed so, were not wel to be numbred, but we might dis cerne of them above one hundrcth persons, and had cause to suspect a greater number. And thus, withoute losse or luirto, wo returned to our shipucs aijainc. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 l^ua _ ,s. |||||12 IIM 2.2 2.0 nil 1 R 1.25 1,4 — I == (> i Photographic Sciences Corporation % V "%" 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 &?- w. 152 THK 8F.C0NI) VOYAGE Nowe, our worke growing towardes an end, and having onely with five poore miners, and the helpe of a fewc gentle- men and souldiers, brought aboorde almost twoo hundreth tunne of golde ore, in the space of twentie dayes, every man therewithal wel comforted, determined lustily to worke anrshe for a bone voyage, to bring our laboure to a speedic and happy cnde. And upon Wednesday, at night, being the one and twentieth of August, we fully finished the whole worke. And it was now good time to leave ; for, as the men were wel wearied, so their shoes anc' clothes were well worne, their baskets bottoms torne out, their tooles broken, and the shippes reasonably well filled. Some with over-straining themselves received hurtes not a little daungerous, some having their bellies broken, and others their legges made lame. And about this time y" ise began to congeale and freese about our ships sides a night, whichc gave us a good argument of the sunnes declyning southwarde, and put us in minde to make more haste homeward. It is not a little worth the memorie, to the commendation of the gentlemen and souldiers herein, who leaving all repu- tation aparte with so great willingnesse, and with couragioiis stomacks have themselves almost overcome in so short a time, the difficultie of this so great a laboure. And this to be true, the matter, if it be well wayed, without further proofe, nowe brought home, dothe well witnesse, God graunt for their forwarde mindes, they may be as well considered, as thcyr honest nierites have well deserved. Thursediiy, the 22 of August, we plucked downe oure tentes, and every mar hasted homewarde, and making bone- fires uppon the toppc of the highest mount of the ihind, we gave a voUie of shotte for a farewell, in honour of the right Honourable Lady Anne, Countcsse of Warwicke, whose name it bcareth, and so departed aboorde. The 23 of August, having the wind largo at west, wee se th th OF MARTIN FROBISHKR. 153 settc sayle from out of the Countesses Sound homeward, but the winde cahning, we came to anker within the poynt of the same sound agayne. The 24) of August, about three of the clocke in the morn- ing, having the winde large at west, we sette sayle agayne, an*^ by nine of the clocke at nighte, we left the Queenes For- land asterne us, and, being clcere of the Straytes, we bare further into the mayne ocean, keeping our course more southerly, to bring our selves the sooner under the latitude of oure owne climate. The wynde was very greate at sea, so that we laye a hull all night, and had snowe halfe a foote deepe on the hatches. From the 24 untill the 28, we had very muche winde, but large keeping our course south south-east, and were lyke to have lost the barkes, but by good happe we mette agayne. The heygth being taken, we were in degrees and a hulfe. The nine and twentieth of August, the winde blewc muche at northeast, so that we couide beare but onely a bunt of our foresayle, and the barkes not being able to carrie any sayle at all. The Michaell lost company of us, and shaped hir course towardes Orkney as we supposed, by cause that way was better knowne unto them. The thirtieth of August, with the force of the wynd, and a surge of the sea, the mayster of the Gahriell and the boateson wore stricken both overboorde, and hardly was the boateson recovered, having holde on a roape hanging overboorde in the sea, and yet the barke was laced fore and afte with ropes a breast high within boorde. Thys mayster was called William Smyth, beeying but a yong man, and a very sufficient maryner, who beeing all the morning before exceeding pleasaunte, toldc hys captaync hee dreamed that he was cast overboorde, and that the boateson liadde hym by the hande, and could not save hym, and so Snow hull' a I'lio'. (ieepe ill Aii);ii8l. Tim iimyster of llie ilnhrieH HtiikiMi oveiboorJe. 154 THE SECOND VOYAGE 'I'lio riulJer 111' till' Ajide lilllJO ill Iwiiiiie. immediately uppon the endc of hys tale, hys drcame came right evelly to passe, and indeede the boteson in like sorte helde hym by one hande, having hold on a rope with the other, iintill hys force fayled, and the mayster drowned. The hcygth being taken we found ourc selves to bee in the latitude of degrees and a halfe, and reckoned our selves from the Queene's Cape homeward, about two hundreth leagues. The last of August, aboute midnighte we had two or three great and suddaync flawes or stormes. The firste of September, the stormc was growne very groatc, and continued almoste the whole day and night, and lying a hull to tarry for the barkes, our ship was much beaten with the seas, every sea almoste overtaking ourc poopo, that we were constrained with a bunte of oure saile, to try it oiite, and ease the rolling of oure shippe. And so the Gahriell not able to beare any saile to keepe company with us, and oure shippe being higher in the poope, and a tall shippe, wheron the winde 'lad more force to drive, went so fast awaye, that we loste sighte of them, and lefte them to God and their good fortune of sea. The seconde daye of September in the morning, it pleased God of hys goodnesse to sende us a calme, whereby we perceived the rudder of oure shippe torne in twaine, and almost ready to fall away. Wherefore taking the benefite of the time, we flung halfe a dozen couple of our best men overboard, who taking great paincs under water, driving plancks, and binding with ropes, did wel strengthen and mend the matter, who returned the most parte more than halfe deadc out of the water, and as God's pleasure was, the sea was calme untill the worke was finished. The fifth of September, the height of the sun being taken, we founde ourselves to be in the latitude of degrees and a half. In this voyage commonly wc took the latitude of the place by y" height of the sun, bycausc the long day takcth away the light not only of the polar, but also of all OF MARTIN FROBISHEK, 155 other fixed starres. And here the north starre is so niuche ''o"'''® latitiides elevated above the horizon, that with the stafFe it is hardly wlijea'takou to be wel observed, and the degrees in the Astrolobe are too voyago small to observe minutes. Therefore we alwaies used the tiie sibito tlinil Astro- stafFe and the sunne, as fittest instruments for this use. ^"^^• Having spent foure or five daycs in traverse of the seas with contrarye winde, making oure souther way good as neare as we could, to raise our degrees to bring ourselves with the latitude of Sylley, we tooke the height the tenth of September, and founde ourselves in the latitude of degrees and ten minutes. The eleaventh of September about sixe a clocke at night the wind came good southwest, we vcrde short and settc oure course southest. And upon Thursday, the twelfth day of September, taking the height, we were in the latitude of and a halfe, and reckoned ouie selves not paste one hundred and fiftie leagues short of SyHey, the weather faire, the winde large at west-south-west, we kepte our course southest. The thirteenth daye the height being taken, we founde ourselves to be in the latitude of degrees, the wind west-south-west, then being in the height of Sylley, and we kept our course east, to run in with the sleeve or channel so called, being our narrow sens, and reckoned as shorte of Sylley twelve leagues. Sonday, the fifteenth of September, aboute foure of the clocke, wee began to sounde with oure lead, and hadde grounde at sixty-one fadome dejith, white sniiill sandie grounde^ and rcckned us upon the backe of 8ylley, and set our course caste and by north, caste north- caste, and north-cast among. The sixteenth of September, about eight of the clocke in the morning sounding, we had sixty-five fadome osey sande, and ^^ought ourselves thwart of Saint Georges Chunnell a a little within the bankes. And bearing a smali saile all nighte, we made many soundings, whiche were aboute fortie fadome, and so shallowe that we couldc not well tell where we were. 15G THE SKCONl) VOYAOK The arrivftll of the Ayde at. I'hiIriow ill Cornwall. Our cmning i« Milford II liven. The iiirivttll lit the iiuhriell ut Uristuw. The scavcntcrnth of September we sounded, and had fortie fadome, and were not farre oflf the landes end, branded sande with small worms and cockle-shells, and were shotte bc- tweene Sylley and the landes ende, and being within the baye, we were not able to double the pointe wyth a south and by east way, but were fayne to make another boordc, the wynde beeyng at southweast, and by weast, and yet could not double the poynte, to come cleere of the landes ende, to beare along the Channell : and the weather cleered up when we were hard aboorde the shore, and we made the landes ende perfite, and so put up alongst Sainte Georges Channell: and the weather beeyng very foule at sea, we coveted some har borough, by cause our steerage was broken, and so came to anker in Padstowe roade in Cornewall. But riding there, a very dangerous roade, we were advised by the countrey to put to sea agayne, and of the two evils, to choose the lesse, for there was nothing but present perill where we roade : whereuppcn we plyed along the Channell to gette to Londy, from whence we were agayne driven, being but an open roade, where our ancker came home, and with force of weather put to seas agayne, and aboute the three and twentith of September, arrived at Milforde Haven in Wales, whyche beeyng a very good harborough, made us happy men, that we hadde receyved suche longe desired safetie. And more happie we helde our selves, not for the safetie of ourselves so muche, as the comforte that we had that our countrey shoulde thereby have perfecte knowledge of oure discoverie, to the greate benefyte of oure common wealth. Aboute one moneth after oure arrivall heere, by order from the Lordes of the Counsell, the shippe came up to Bristowe, where the ore was committed to keeping in the castell there. Heere we founde the Gabriell, one of the barkes, arrived in good safetie, who having never a man within boorde very sufficient to bring home the shyppe, after the mayster was lost, by good fortune, when she came upon OF MARTIN FROHISHEU. 157 the coast, mette with a shyppc of IJristowe at sea, who con- ducted hir in safctie thither. Here we heard good tidings also of the a. rivall of the other barke called the MicJMell, in the north partes, whyche was not a little joyfuU unto us, that it pleased God so to bring us to a safe meeting agayne, and lost in all the voyage only one man, besydes one that dyed at sea, whiche was sickc before he came aboord, and was so desirous to foUowe this enter- prise, that he rather chose to dye therein, than not to be one to attemptc so notable a voyage. Ihe Michaill nrriveil in the iioi-th partes. Only one iimn ilyi'tl In thin voyaBB. FINIS [Another account of this Voyage was written by Master Dionisi Settle, and will be found in the xii volume of Pinkcrton's Voyages and Travels. London, 18l!iJ.] ipon ■ II n iiiH^nv^ VI STATE PAPERS SUHSEQUENr TO THE SECOND VOYAGE. I. MR, liOCKES MEMOllIAIi. II. OHDEU FOR THE SIIIPPES TO UNLOAD. III. LIST OP THOSE THAT NOW DESYIIE TU BE VENTiniAllS. IV. WHAT MIOHAEIi LOK IIATIIB DONE FOll THE VOYAOB. V. TUB DIIYEFE ACCOUNT OP TUB EXl'ENSES OF THE SECOND VOYAOt ."iTATE PAPERS RELATIVE TO THE TRIAL OF THE ORE SUBSEQUENT TO THE SECOND VOYAGE. I. nil. nuiicoT ON iiis tkiai.e of the owre. II. FK0.M Mil. LOK WHAT CIIAIIGES ARE REQUISITE FOR THE FYNYNOE OF THE EWHE. FROM MY LORDS TO MR, LOK TO COLLECT £90U OF THE VEN- TURERS. FKOM MR. G. LE BRUM, TRY.ALL OP METAL FALLING NOT OWT. V. FROM DR. BUKCOT, A I'ROOFE OF HOW MUCU GOWLD AND Bl'.iVEB A POUND OF ORE YIELDETII, A LITTLE BUNDLE OF THE TRYEING OF THE NOllTHWEST EWRE FROM DR, nURCHAUT TO MR, SECRETARY " ALSYNGHAM TOUCUYNO THE NORTHWEST EWKE, A KEOLARATION OF THE VALUE OF THE NORTHWEST EWRE, FROM DR, BURCOT TOUCHTNO HIS CUNVNGE AND OFFER ABOUT TRYINGE THE EWRE, X. TO THE LORD TREASURER AND LORD CHAMBERLAIN ABOWTE THE NORTHWEST EWRE. XI. THE ACCOMl'TE TAKEN AT MU6C0V1E HOUSE OP CC WEIGHT OF THE EWRE. Ill IV VI. VII. VIII, IX. Th acci A thei that the seve Sir] or ai ther< lady and comf cann thed fortl the q melte offyce the v( Imt X and IE AIs. I7 G( liondo custod St. Ka downs Juay al STATE PAPERS SUBSEQUENT TO THE SECOND VOYAGE. [Cohnial rA. Domestic Eliz., cxv. No. 3.').] MU. LOCKKS MEMOniAL. To the Quoiies Ma'i"" most honoral>Ie Privye Councell. Maye it please yC honors in most humble maner to be advertised. The ij ships AjnJe and (Jaftriell are arived at Bristowe in saffetye accordin};;e to" yo' honors orders. And yf yo'' honor's doo think it good to dyscharge the ure on land there yt may please yo"" honors to gyve order (under correction) that Mr. Furbisher may delyver the same by weight, and that the same may be kept in the castell or other saft'e place there under iiij severall lokes and keys whorof one w''' the Mayor of Bristov. o, one w'' Sir Richard Barkley, one w''' Mr. Furbisher, and one wi'' Michael Lok, or any other of the venturars as shall seemo good to yo' honors. Also there is to be payd presently uppon the dyschargeuge of the ships ladynge viij" poundes of money or more for the wagys of the souldiars and maryners w^ii have sarved w*^^'' doo remayne styll at charges o' the companye for meate and wagys untill they be payd the w^^i' sayd money cannot be found in London uppon interest nor exchange notw"istandinge the dyllygens used by the Commyssyoners to take up the same wherefore for the provision therof restethe but ij meanes. Fyr.styf it would please the Queues Ma''« to \ rest the same for iij raonthes untill the ore may be melted downe w"'' may be receved of her Ma'ii^s customars or other ofl'ycers at Brystowe or ells the same must be ceassed and collected of all the venturars accordinge to the rate of their stok ventured wii would iie Imt xxv" for every c" of their venture, but it would be very longe tymc and moche dyfficuitye in collection. Also the ship Michael is now in the Ryver of Tamys arived in saffety liy Gods grace and the same ship must be presently dyscharged at London. And the Comyssioners doo think good to put the ure in saffe cu.stodye in the howsse whor S' Wilhn Wynter dothe now dwell at S«' Katheryns hyll, where they have alredy made a furnace to melt downe the same. May it please yor honors to gyve order that the same may also be delyvrcd by weight and kept under iiij loks and keys to be M The ills- tlie ore at Kristowe. The wBROs to furnislie money for yeilisohftreo of tho miin- iiprn nnd sowldiers. Tlie (liK posiiiK of the lire at I.oiidou. 102 STATK I'Ari'.Us Toappnyiiio coninilH- HioiKirH to loiikn to tlin melting. Mlchftol l.uckca r('(|ueBt. [in] the custodyo of Sr William Wyiitar, Mr. Thomas Randall, Afr. Furbishcr, and Michael Lok or others as to yo' honors [semethc] good. Also yt may please yo' honors to pyve ordrc and auctoritie to the Kay li26 112!-, li-2r, li2r) /t25 /i25 li2^ 1125 li2!i li-ia H25 li25 li2b li25 fi25 ii2r> li25 li-2.5 fi'2r> /i'SoO M 164 STATK PAl'KKS Ij'raucis Mylles'^ Laurens Tomson Arture Dawbnoy John Capelin Thoiiias Cesiir //25 A'25 li25 li2r) ^Colonial East Indies, 70. Domestic Eliz., cxxx, No. 35.] THE NAMES OF THE VENTUUARS OK BOTHE THE VOYAGES /('oC MADE BY MARTIN I'URIiUSHEUi GENT. TO ANNO 157G AND ANNO 1577. The Quenes Ma''" In the first voiage libO The Lord Ilighc Treasorer The Lord highe Adrayrall /t5() The Lord highe Chamberlayn 50 The Erie of Warwyke . 50 The Erie of Leycester . I\Ir. Treasorer of the Q. ]\Ia'''' household 25 Mr. Secretarie Walsiugiiam, for hyin sellffe and others Mr. Secretarie Wyllsou i;205O. The Erie of Pembroke . The Couutesse of Warwyke The Couutesse of Pembroke The Lady Anne Talbot . 26 Mr. Phillip Sydney 11)0 Sr Thomas Gresham 25 Sr Leoncll Duckett Sf William Wyutar William Pell ham Edward Dyar 25 Thomas Randolphe George Wyntar . Mathew Smythe . Symon Boyer 25 Anthony Jenkynsou .Jeffrey Tarvile . William Payutar Richard Bowl land ' This iMid tlic I'ollowiiif,' ii;inio» iirc aiMcd in :iiniilH>r ink. IE NORTli-WEST, Stok. Cessement. lilQQO ^('200 lilW ^420 li\W ^i20 ii\m liiO lilQO 1/20 li\5U li^iO I mo ^no li400 liSO UM mo lil50 li-30 li30 ^iio li-2r> lib 1425 Ur, li50 li]0 li-200 li40 li50 liH) li200 li-io li50 lilO li25 m 1150 //lO li50 lilO lino lilO li2b lib libO I no Hm li\0 li'iO li]0 li50 lilo 10( £2 Vent I Ilccei srBSEQUKNT TO Till', SKCOM) VOYAGE. 165 Ilobeit Kyiidersley iJO Ednioiid llogau . 2r> Mathcw Fylia . Richaril Yonge . Thomas Allyn William Ormshawc /;.')00 100 Christofer Hudson Thomas Owen John Dee Julio Cesar Klcazar Lok Gerson Lok Martin Furhusher Michael Lok £■275 100 William Burde li lOO William Bonde li 25 Mathew Kyndersley li S.*) Christofer Audrowes ^i 25 Robert ^lartyu li i'375 £500 /t5( t ;aoo 1150 1150 li50 li25 /a 300 li55 •< lilO li20 lilO lilO lilO U5 113575 li715 ^j50 lilO li-25 li5 li-25 li5 li50 li\0 li25 li5 li15 li5 lilOO 1120 niooo //20() irzm ■ 1120 1120 li 5 li 5 li 5 11315 Ii7l5 U» i'l 10 10 [0 i'> l(» 10 I'lO (10 Stok 875 Received the first voyage ;il300 ^13575 Veuturars 114^75 of first and second voiagcs li 275 of first voiage ouelie Received ^i'5150 all the stok. Received by the said cesscment of 20'* for 100'* stok /i'1030 /a030 Cessement. ^«800 first voiage spent /t4350 second voiage paid Ii5l50 paid all the stok outward. paid for the mynes /j198 paid for mens wagys of the iij ships come home i'/l()44 b'omme paid the 21 /(1 242 Dccemhar 1577 160 STATK rAl'KKS [Coloiiiid, East Indies, 75. Bomeatic Eiiz., exix, No. i5(J.J MICIIAI^L 1.0K IIAXIIE i)ONE FOB THE VOYAGE Of C'A'llIAI, AS FOLOWETHE. XXV ycrcs stuJye and travayllc to satufye his knowledge thereof. M' poundes spent for thinges necessarie for his satisfaction of know- ledge thcrof in bookes, maps, cartes, instrumcntcs, and gyftes to men for conference therof ; wherof is not one peny put to the account besydcs all his howshold charges. MJ m' cccc'" powndes paid and disbursed by hym sellfe for furniture of the first and second voyages over and above all that he received of all other vonturars wo'' ^i2400 he dyd beare venture of in the same first and second voyages untill the shyps retorned home. W^'' said ^i24()(» was for the sums of venture wrytten uppon the names folowinge, w<='i was not paid hym untill the ships retorned, and is not yett all paid hym, but he had promcs of sum of them. My Lord llighe Treasurer .... ^t5() My Lord of Leycester . . . , U\ 00 S' Thomas Gresham. ..... ^i'lOO Mr. Doctor Wyllson ..... libi) George Wyntar . . , . Ii60 Symon Boyer, he gave pledge .... Ii25 Richard Owen . . . . Ii25 Julio Cesar ^ .... ii26 Thomas Cesar S M. L. . . . ^126 Eleazar Lok ) .... Wib Summc For Michael Lok liym sellfe /t47r) /a 000 For the second voiago. 8um . . li\-Vl!) ]\L Lok iu first voyage . . . /<825 Ventured by M. Lok . . . //230U Indorsed. Mr. Lock's privat memorandum. 1576 and 1577. \_Colonial, 94. Domestic Eliz., cxxvi, No. 32.] TIFK BRYEF ACCOUNT OF THE SECOND VOYAGE, 1577. Kec' of all the venturers for tiieir stokes . /j5150 Paid for the Aijde . . liHUU For the Michaell anil (lahrieU . li-iOO For taklingc and rigginge /t577 For ordnance and muni- tion . . liid' ' Tlic Iiih( c uiipcaih 1(1 liavf li-on crubcil. fiUllsEQUKNT TO THE SKCONU VOYAGK. 1()7 Roc' of supplie of venturers to pay e wages at rctornc oftheshippes .^il030 lackinge My Lady Anne . Talbot . lib The Eric Sus- sexe . lilO gr W" Winter . ^il 12 S'Tho.Greshame ^i'O li22 12 For vyttellb For wages outwards For necessaries for the mynes For marchandyse /I'.W.i IH 15 liVtOO 12 it /il23 8 4 /i346 /) li-i:i2S 17 H For charges outwards 21 2 (> /(435(i II For losse spent first voiage (i80i) Sum paid . /j5150 <> Paid after the ships re- tome ; paid outwards above the stoke re- ceived . . lil 15 2 Paid for wages of mariners and gentlemen at re- tourne of the shipps . /tl582 15 5 Paid for wages of myners and charges of tryall of the ewer at London ^i324 1 8 4 lili)08 12 3 For not rec^ in the sup- plie of /tl030 . U22 12 4 Rest paid ^iiy31 4 7 ^tlU30 (» li'Mi 4 7 TlIK ACCOUNT OF MONY FOU TIIIUD VOYAOE 1578. Received as followi''' Of the Q. Mati« Of Mathew Fold . Of M. Kindersley . Of Sr Frances Knolles Of Ed. lloggan Of L. Pembroke . £202 m £33 15 u Paid as fallow^'' To W"!- Kerin, frestonc £4 To Christ. Uawlle, bristole . . £13 To J. Roberts, bellows £3 10 To Ff. Grene, buchcr .£100 To Mr. Frobiser £400 d To Poiutcll, baker £I(mi (> (I \ KiS STATK I'ArKRS Of Mr. P. Sydney . i67 K) OfMr.S.Walsingham £182 7 Of Jo. Sorncrs . £67 K) Of Mr. S. Willson . £67 10 o Of Sr Henry Wallop £67 10 u OfRoberteKyndersley £67 10 Of M. Kindcrslcy , £18 15 Of Erie Warwyke . £135 Of Countesse Warrike £35 Sum received £2452 1 £12 10 £6 £20 £50 (I u To M;-. Fenton . £5(i () To Willson, caper, 5. 20. 20. £45 u To Jonas, a quarter . £25 To Oly ver Skiner, iron £3 5 To John Gonnc, iron £3 8 To Jo. Roberts, bellowes £2 To Jo. Fysher, smithe £4 To N. Chanselar, 20.25. £35 To F. Shawe, buttar £50 To C. Ilawle, bristowe £20 ToEd. Selman,bristowe£62 To F. Lee, shippe . £50 To Ro. Denam, a quarter lent To P. Barnstou, aquavite To Mr. Fcutou, targats £10 To Ed. Selraan,bristowe £16 To Thomson, cari)enter £30 To Ilitchecoke, car- penter To Poyntell, baker . To Mathew, baker pynnasses To Ro. Deuam, ad- ditamentes To Jeronias stoves . To S. Burow, pynnasse To Thomson, carpentar To other od charges, 17 Aprill . To Mr. Frobiser ace. 40. 10. 10. To Vyllers colics To Crokcr, smithe To L. Admiralls man To Stanley, currier, for lether To Mr. Fenton To Mr. Furbusher, bristowe . To the shippe Hopewell £50 To Jonas To John Ilaylcs, Dartford . £12 £10 £10 £6 £30 £16 £60 £10 £5 £2 £6 £10 £596 5 £50 £10 £12 SUHSKQUKNl' TO TIIK SKCOM) VOYAOK. inn Somnie paid £1058 18 Paid for second voyage £901 4 Receyt as ffoHowt'i Of Mr. Dowgle . £33 Of Sr Tho. Uresham . £70 Of Lord Tresorer . £100 The 2 May 1578 Of Sr Thomas Grcsham £100 Of Rich. Young . £50 Of Christofer Hudson £(i7 Of Ed. Ilogan . £95 £416 5 15 {) 10 (1 Sum paid £2860 Payments as follow"' Sum paid rcste £407 The 23 Aprill 157«. To Thomas Willson, coopar . . £l(t ToThomson,carpentar £20 To Augar, chaundler £20 The 24 said [month]. ToMr.IIawle,Bristowfc £12 To Chansclor purser. £8 To Shawc for butter £20 To Mr. More shipe Fo>/ £48 To Mr. Rasheley shipe Fo>/ The 26 said To Whitnall, coopar To Morris, tente maker To Baker, shipwright To Poyntell, baker, of Lymehouse To Thomson, carpentar £3( To Vyllars, secoles . To Mr. Fen ton To Chanselar purser The 30 April, l.'i78 To men of Judeth wagys . ; To Shaw, for fyst , To Thomson, seacoles The 3 May. To Whitnall, coopar To Willson, cans To Ffrances Lee, ship To Thomson, carpenter To Eliot, brise To Maryners, Judethe wages To Dowd, coopar To Newson, clokemaker To J . Roberts, bellowcs To Hopkins, sniyth . To Morris, tent njakcr 1095. 2 7 15 7 £48 £10 11 9 (1 £16 £50 £30 £21 5 £30 £13 18 -.78. t'lio £40 £18 10 £5 £4 4 £30 £20 £5 U u £55 £2 £6 12 £4 16 8 £2 15 (i £15 II ^^ STATE I'Al'EllS RELATIVE TO THE TRIAL OE THE ORE SURSEQUENT TO THE SECOND VOYAGE. [Colonial 77. Domeitic Eliz. cxxii. No. 3.] JANUARY 6th, 1577. I'KOM DR. UURCO'l'T OF HIS PROCEEDYNGE IN THE TRIALL OF THE OWRE. My humble couimendacious Sir Walsingaiue I gyve you most hartic thankcs for your labouro and delygence for the performinge of your proraysse and the sendiugc of my pattane and, I hope by Godes grace to performe my promyssc towardes you I had or this sertefied your Ilonore the trewe matter off this ower and my proves butt God hathe towched me so hard wti^ the gowte that I have kept my bed this thre wekes and do yctt, and I sertefie your Ilouore off a trothe that I have mayd a hundred dy vers sayes of sondry owers out of that lande, and I fynde not such goodues in yt as I thought to have founde not prosedinge half an ounce, as the blacke ower ys and I have prepared and rested accordinge as I promyssed you, and I cane bringe yt to no clay but I have moltinc doune a pounde, and hathe founde in yt fouer grayncs as by this prove I have sent you dothe appere that will come in a houndred weight almoste thre tjuarters of an ounce that is nere xiiii ounces in a tonne and I dout not when yt is right prepared yt will faule out In the great fyere very well and I am mynded as sone as I am able w''' my bodye I will melte doune a b andred weight and send you that prove accordinglyo. So I byd you fare well wt'" my humble disier to advertyse the Queue's llcignes and my Lord of Lasyter. Datum the vi of January. Your humble to comand, Hurchard Kranrych. To his houorablc aad singuler good frend Sir Fraunces Walsing e, Scecret e to the heigh. SUHSKQUKNT TO IHK SECOND VOYAOK. 171 [Colonial, 7!i. Domestic Eli:.., cxxii, No. 9.] JANUAKIE 19th, 1577. FROM Mil. MICHAELI. LOOKK, WHAT C'lIAROKS S" WILL'm WINTAB AND THE UE8T VPPON THKIR MEETYNGE HAVE THOUGHT rBESENTLY TO BE REQUISITE FOR THE FYNYNG OF THE EWRE AND OTHER THINGES TO HE FURTHER DONE IN THAT BEHALF. Right Honorable, accordiiigo to the commission of Her iMa''^» Privie Councell directed to S^ W"' Wyntar, JMr. Randolph, Mr. Dyar, Mr. ISIr. Yonge, Mr. Furbusher, and my sellf we all (except Mr. Randolph) have syttogethers theise ij days past, and have consydcred thervppon as the tyme would suffer, and have had before us all the chyef work- masters for the erectinge of the howsse and fu laces at the mylls at Dartford, for the meltyng of the ewr brought by Mr. Furbusher, and as nerc as we can esteme the charges therof wylbe thus : — For bryk, stone, tylcs, lome, lymo sand, lathes, nayllcs, and work- manship therof, for all the myllehows and iij furnaces, w^'' makinge the groundwork . . . . ^j'KiO For tymber, and all other stuffe and the carpentais workmanshij) therof ; for the howsse of 84 foote long and 3G foote wyde, and for the myll wholes, and the stampinge mylls, and the iij paier bcllowes for the furnaces, wherof ij for melting, and i for drivinge or fynynge, and for all other engyncs belonging therto ........ ^i240 Sum hereof /i4Ui> For charges of a man to go to Germania, for ij chief workmasters of meltingc and fyndynge myncs, and another man into Yorkshier, for stuffe to melt the ewr .... li^i.) For to provyde wood and coles, and other thinnes extraordinarie by estymation ....... /t'luo Kor wagys paid to the maryners and men come home w"^'' the shyps, above the estimation made of 20 on 100 collected sum li'6(J0 includynge therin ^i'200 alredy paid for charges of buyldinges of furnaces and small protfcs and sayes of the ewr made by the handes of dyvers men. Sum . . . li'HM) Sum of all ^iUOO The said sum of ^('900 of money muste be provyded presentlyc by col- lection of the venturars or otherwysse. -Vnd for the better and more spedyc provision of the stuffe and men rcijuysyte for the buyldyngcs forsaid, it is thought rcijuysyte to liave comy.ssion in Her Ma'''^'* name to be directed to S' Will'm Wyntar, who liathe alredy a sufficient warrant for the marine ail'aiics. 172 STATE VAPRRS ON TRIAL OF 'm\'. ORK This beinge done all the woorkes wilbo fynyshed ami the cwr molten and fyned W'' in vi or viij wckos tymc by Godcs help. We have also thought it good that Her Ma''" be moved for her favourable letter to the Duke of Saxonia declaring the staying here of Jonas for Her Ma*'«" sarvyce wol" shalbe sent by the parson that goethe for workmen. Of other matters this bearer Mr. Furbushcr can informe yor Honor at large, wherfore I end, and comytt yo"" Honor to the tuition of Almighty God. From Loudon the xix Januarie, 1577. Yof Michael Lok. To the Right Honorable S^ Francys Walsingham, Knyght, Her Ma''f^8 Chyef Sccretarie, etc., Delyured at the Court. Commission from Her Ma"" Letter to the Duke of Saxonie. [Colonial, No. 80. Domestic Eliz., cxxii, No. 10.] JANUARIE 19tTI, 1577. FROM MY li.L.'s TO Mil. MICHAKI, LOCKE FOR THE COLLECTION OF OOGlT. AMONG THE AD- VENTURERS OF THK NORTH-WENT, ETC. After C hartie comendations where as for the buildyng of certayne furnaces, and sendyng for skilful! men owt of Germanic for the tryall and /efinyng of the oore brought owt of the north-west : as also for the pay- ment of certayn wages due to the mariners and others employed vnder Mr. Furbusher, gent., in the last viage to the sayd north-west parts, we arc enformed the somes of !)00/« to be voric necessarie and presently re- quired. Theise are to require you to repayre to all such as be Adven- turers in the sayd viage, as from vs so appointed, and to collect and gather of everie of them for the vses, purposes aforcsayd, the sayd some to be levied amongst them after xx^t in the hundredth, accordyng to the rate of and proportion of everie of their Adventurers, and this to be done w'''' as convenient speede as you can, to the end that so good an enter- prise and proffitable as this viage is hoped will prove after so great charges allreadie bestowed thereon ; nowe l)e not hindered either for want of so small a som or not prosecutyng the triall of the sayd oore. And so we, etc. phii [Colonial 81. Domestic Eliz., cxxii, No. 17.] JAN. 24th, IbJCl. FROM MASTEK GEOFFREY LA BRUM, TRYAL METAL FALLING NOT OWT. Monscigneur jay considerc toutes ces cspesses de minercs (juil vous ha pleu me baillcr et ay trouvc que la pluspart nc sont que mar- Sl'HSKQUKNT To 1111': SKCONI) VOYACJK. 17;J oliasitcs ut non mincics Icsqucllcs marchasites ont ordinaircment taut (Ic souphrc (juc (juant il y auroit (iueli[nc pcu de bon metal oti tie le pourroit tircr sans grant peine et perte provyd as the fyrst hundrcth did bettor then \Vi. tho tonno in pure goldo n,"; was certyfied to Ilor Ma'i^ Coiinccl! by Ire of S'' Winter and other Coniniirsioncrs, whoo sawo tho jjrooffcs made, but still remayncd more gold in the slags whiche Jonas sayd onely the great woorkes must bringe owt. And hearevpon Jonas hade bis patente graunted too him, he promised too delyver at the leasto halfe oz. goldo in evcrye hundrethe weight, w'''' ys tenn cz. tonn and allsoo hoapod too cleare all chardgs of the workinf^e and yf he did better yt should bee their profEtt and his creditt. And thcarcvppon hce should have gonne to Brystowe too have builded the fiirnaces theire for the greate woorkos. Butt the syxte of Decemb' the Lords wcaro not yet well satisflied w^' this seconnde prooff'c made bccavsc of the remayncrs in the slags w"'' was enfornied coolde not bee gotten owtt,butt chiefly they belcavod nothinge that was donne becavse the goldesmithcs and goldefyners of London and manyo other namyd counynge menn had made many prooffes of the ewer and could fynde noe whitt of goolde therein, and therefore tbcy vouched too the Councell that theare was uoe whitt of gold in this ewer vppon gage of their lyfte and goodcs. And vppon the arryvall of Mr. Furbushcr at the Coorte retorned from Brystowe, the scventhe of Decemb' he stayed the woorks of Brystowe and turned yt too farther prooffe too bee made at London, wherefore yt was thought good too have conference therein w"' Mr. Burcott, whose doings shall appere in .rticlcs a parte. The teutiie Decemb', Jonas was t.rowght too coufereuce w"' Mr. Bur- SlfHHKUUKNT I'O THK SKCONI) VOYAOK. 177 cott, ftntl wi'iiii iij or iiij tIayoH l»o iliHlykctl the ilonlingo of Mr. liiircott liiiotho lor his ovcll manners and allso his i^^norannce in (Uvcrs points of llio works and handelyngo of this owcr soo as as vvooKl no* anyc more dtalo w"' ium. Tho syxotcntho Dcccmh' Jonas vtii Mr. Furhnshcr and Mr. Locke ryde too diners phics too see water mills, for the workeingo of the ewer. And at Deartfordo Jonas lyked the mills heat of all others for the comodious water and place. The twolfte of Januaryc vpon ncwc comission too procead in the great works, wee went again too J)ertforde, w"^'' Jonas and llenrickc, the mason, and Seh.astian, the carpenter, whoe was then newe come too London, and measured owto the platt of grownd for errcction of tho buildings and liirnacs. The fowertenth Januaryc Jonas delyuercd too all the Comissioncrs a platt drawen by him of all tho buildings of the howsse and mills and fiirna.'ices w"'' was well lyked. But uppon newe conference wf' the wiirkcnien yt was founde that the tymo woold bee soo longe in tho buildings, that yf that .should bo taryed for the money it woold bo too late too sett owt a newo voyadg this yearo. The 21 diet. Mr. Furbusher devised that x tonn of ewer shold bo molten at Keswicke for the cxpcdicon of the tryall. The 22 diet. Jonas allcadged manye lacks theare and the Comissioners sawe great coaste and longe tyme hanginge theare one allsoo soo that Jonas offeryd too make a thcird great prooffe at London of a toonn by cc weight at a tyme w'' shoold suffice for a tryall of all w' was well lyked. And the 23 dayc Jonas gave informacou of ccrtainc merkesytes too melt the ewer w^'' all w''> Denham or Coole shoold have sought abroade. The 23 sayd John Baptista made offer of a newe great prooft'o too bo wrought w"' a winde furnace, whccarevpon ho had a c weight of ewer liut yt succeeded not well. The 30 of Januaryc John Brood at Crepclgatc had cc ewer too make inooft'e w*^'' did succead well. The 12 of February .Jonas did melt doune cc of the ewer for his theird indoffe at tho howsse of S"" W'"- Winter vi*^ great danger of his lyftb ilioroughe the smoke, and at the second tyme of the mealtinge thereof The 18 February yt succeaded verye well in presensof the Comissioners, tb\ind 07.. ().\ of silver and goold myxt, whearcof oz. 3^ was perfytted and Ijrowght 1 ([T. of oz. of fyne golde and oz. .3j of fyne sylvcr, the rest of tho iiz.(i;'. of silver mixt was souke intoo the test becavse the test was not drye made thoroughe the hast of tyme and much gold rcmayncd in the slegs. All the doings of Jonas from the tymo too tyme was donn openly, and Mr. Furbusher carycd all the secrets thereof too Mr. Burcott, too heal[)e liini, and all Mr. Ihircott doiugs was in .sccrett, soo as none knoweth yt l>ut him sclfe. N , 178 STATK HAPKRS ON TKIAL OF THK OKK TUB DOOINOS OF Mil. BCRCOTT IN THE NKWE MYNES OF OOLDE. Mr. Burcott had dclyvered too him ccrtaine sniale peces of ewer in Novcml)' l.')77, whereof he made sayes and proffes and founde golde therein as Jonas had donnc before. The !) Uecemb' 1577, Mr. Locke and Mr. Furbusher brought ires from Mr. Secrytaryc Walsingham vntoo Mr. Burcott and delyvcrcd them ton him, and had suche conference w''' him thcrevpon that Mr. Burcott grew too full promos too dclyver halfc a oz. of fyne gold out of cverye hundretli of the ewer vppon certainc condicons sett doune in wrytinge, w'' con- dicons was sertyfied too Mr. Secrytaryc who dislyked of them. The 10 Dccemb' Jonas was brought too conference w''' Burcott ami w^'iin iij or iiij dayes he dislyked the dealinges of Mr. Burcott boethe for his evell manners and ignorance in diuers points of the woorks and handelynge of the ewer soo as he woold nott anye more deale w''' him. In fewe dayes afterwards when Mr, Burcott sawe that wee did cleave still too Jonas dooings and made little accompt of his doings he made great styro of his owne cunningc and soo wrought w"' .Mr. Furbusher that he cam too bee hardeagaine and putt him selfc too the consideracoii of Her Ma''« and Counccll, and vouched too warrant the ewer too hold soo muche gold as ys sayd and too gage his lande, goods, and lyffe for the delyverj'e thereof whereby he was credityed and the matter lyked. The 2(t Decern!)' Mr. Furbusher woold that Mr. Burcott shoulde melt a c of ewer in .Tonas furnace as S'' W"" Winters howsse, w^'' Jonas would not suffer, therefore he willed Jonas too pull doune the secrets of his furnace that Burcott might build a new after his nuinuer, w'' Jonas did soo. The 2() Januarye, or their about, Robert Denhara told Mr. Locke that he had a peace of strange ewer, w"'' he proved too doo muche good in the meltinge of our ewer and that he had yt from Mr. Burcotts housse by his man wi^'' Mr. Burcott knewe uct of, and shortly after, when Mr. Loci sawe yt in his howse, of Denham, he .sayd yt was yt and that he had made prooffe thereof too hold syluer, copjier, and leade, &.C., that Mr. Burcott called yt ewer of antymonie, iVic, and had sayd toe him that yt held noe manner of mettell at all. And Mr, Furbusher told Mr. Locke that Mr. Burcott sayed that Jonas bellowes laye too hie, & that yt should lyo lowe too blowc right into the hole on the fore ))arte, and in fewe days afterwards he sayd againe that Mr. Burcott woold have the bellowes lye more then a fote aboue the liole as Jonas bellowes did lye. Alsoo afterwards, IMr. Furbusher did shewc too Jlr. Locke a paper platt, made by Mr. Burcott, of the furnace that he woold have w''' a pott by yt. And nowe, at the 20 February, he shewed an other plistt thereof made cleane contrarye too the first, but even iust the cop|)ic of the piate of tl;. > furnaces, wlicorw''' Jonas doethe woorkc. SUHSKQTTi'NT TO III I' SKfO.M) VOYAfiK. ITS) The 21 Fcltrnaryc, Mr. Burcot shewed too the Cominissioiiors ainl too my Tjorde Treasorer, his proofes made of .', once of gold and 2 onces (^: A siluer, in one c of ewer, hut the same was melted in potts w''' addita- ments hy halfc poimds in a pott w'''' is not the order of the great workes, nor noo man hut him selfc knowcth wate he puts in his additaments. And alsoo he shewed a peace of antinionyc ewer vouching that there in was noe manner of mottal, l)iit a prDnflc thereof was made hy the Commissioners one the 22 dayc, and they founde therein hoethe siluer, 30 ouncs in a tonn, and some copper, and verye muche ieade. And Mr. IJurcott sayed that w^'' out tliat antimonnye ewer he woold not stand to his former protnysof the goldc and siii!'»r too he deiyvoryed. And Denham saythe that Burcott did not knowe of the mettalis that arc in that antymonie ewer vntiil Thorsday, lieinge t'ae 20 Fchruaryc, when as he tolde yt too Burcott, and w, ^ the manu that did first fynde yt too hee soo hy his owne tryalls. And iM". Burcott was ignorannt of the weight of gold and sylvcr ac- coumptcd after xxiiii too a pcnnyc weight, and xxiiii pennye weight too the otince vntiil that Denham did shewe him his errorc therein. And yt is manyfest that Burcott was more ignorant then Jonas, in the knowledge of the nature and workingc of this ewer ; for him selfc Burcott dooth confcssc that he hathc made more then fortye sondryo wayes of tryall thereof, and yet is not well satisffied therein ; l)ut Jonas liathe made oncly syxe proft's thereof, and those after the order of the greatc woorks. [Colonial 82. Domestic Eliz., cxxii. No. 44 J r'i;i3KUAUY in, lo77. iuom docxou in kchaiit to mu. si.cki iakv WAl.SYNOHAM TOUCIIYNOE THK NOUTH-WKST OWRK. Your llonore remember what aj)pountement you mayd w'" inc in my house and what promysse I mayde you. I have done so and moltine doune a hundred weight and a pound, and 1 have the proves to .show ytm to save your Honorcs credytc and my honestye, therfore appounte the day and ov/er to ride to Detforthe to bring inc thcr to gyve me your Ilonores countenance in the first enterprycc, for yff you do not go 1 will not go that all worke menc and .so many oft' the comyssioners as yt shall pleasse you to so and here oure detcrmynacon and show suche things as I have and cane do before them all for I estcame 3'our llonore and crcdytt as moche as my owne lyft'e, and 1 doute yf I car.ie rydeytt w'l'out a horse lyttcr, and yet I know of no eas.sye horse. And yffyour llonore will humble your selfe so muche and yett come once in my house an owcr or twane before wo departc out ofl' Lon on, I will show your llonore bothethe pattronc tdl'the meltinge hou.se and the .sayes |irevclyel)e(wene ISO STAI'K I'WKRS OX THIAI, OK TIIK OHIO yen and mc that my doingcs be not onoly wordes Ixitt deeds. So God incrcassc your Ilonorc in health. Datum the xix off Faliruary 1577. Your humble to comand, Burchard Kranrych. To his Honorable and very good frend S' Frauncis Walsingamc, Secretary to the i^uencs Ileighnes. Dclyvcr this. [Colonial 84. Domestic EUz., cxxxi, No. 52.] iKnauAiiY 21, 1577. a declaration or ttik value of t/ie NOIlTir-WEST EAVUE BOTH FOU GOLD AND SILVER BY PROOFS THEREOF MADE BY DR. BURCOT. My (liitie done in most humble maner. It mayc please yo>" Honor to lie advertizes! that Burchart hathc fynishcd and certefied two prolFes of the gold ewer, wherof one was of Mi w^i', and thother of one c w<''' Dcnnam bathe bene thonly man that he hathe admyttcd to be present and privio w"' him in the scid profFcs, and the same Dcnnam haihc l)cnc the t'yar workman thcrof, and by vouchoiat of them two ye same fallc out as folow''' : That proffo of the li W'"^ holdithc in silver And in goldc .... W'''> is vii parts silver and an viii"' parte gold After that rate i c w>'" holdithe in silver And in gold ...... And after the same rate the tonne holdithc in silver And in gold ..... So the .silver of a tonne at v ii'' the oz. amti' to And the gold at lix** viii'' the oz. amountithc to Sum Ixvii" xx'' That proffe of the c w"'' holdithc in silver, And in gold ..... W'li i.4 nero about iiii parts silver and a vi'» parte gold After that rate the tonne holdithc in silver . . li oz. v' W'' And in gold ...... xiii oz. dr. So the silver of a tonne amountithc to . . xiii'' iiii- ix'' And the gold of the same to . . . . xl" v- vi'' Sum Iiii" x" iii'' So a tonne answerable to the proffe made of the fl W'' y.s richer then that of the c w»''Miv xiii" xi' v'. . xxi gr. • iii gr. . iiii oz. dr. viii'l W" xiiii'' w''' xxxviii oz. xiiii oz. . xxv'i vi« iiii'' xli'« XV' iiii'' ii oz. dr. i'' W't vi gr . xiii'' w'i' drs. SUUSKQIIF.NI' TO Tin-. SKCOM) VoYACi:. ISl Domestic J'Jli:., cxxii, No. f!l. I'KIIUUAUY 27, 1577. FUOM T). UURCOTT TOUCH Y NOK OUNYNGK AND OFFKK ABOUT lUIYNGK THE EWUK. HIS My humble comendacons as I am informed that your ITonore and the rest be displeased w''' me as thouj^he I had mayd a false prove, w^^'- 1 will stand to the contrary to deathe and lyffe that yt is as I have sent onto you, therfore I have done yt w''' my owne hand, ami cane do yt agayne save the last quarter w>^''' Dennan hathe moltine doune, and brought yt in agood way after the rayte, and in the dryvinge utterly mared yt for ingnorance and unskylfulnes ; yt was in the niglit when I cold not ])0 at yt, and I wold not trust him further and I m lyd that "[uarter good after the rayte I sent, as for the detymente yt hathe layd this ten yeare in my house and were my inveusion to melt yt the eassier and the soner, and ther is not so moche sylver in yt as you are inforuu'd you for the owcr is sufficient in him selfe to augenieut your Ilouore and save my credytt because yt is corned to suche an excleniacion agaynest my houestie and deface me w"'out acause I will make my selfe clean;, let my have delyvered out of hand in hast to hundred weight be brougnC in my house of that ower, and ij honest men au'l not false men to so the rostinge, bo cause 1 have fornace mete for yt, and in the meanc tynic when yt is in rostinge I will ryde to the Tower-hill by your comandemeut, to mend Jonas fornace, or to make an new one, that will serve me, and lett thes ij sworne men carrye the ower to the Tower when yt is rested and see yt moltine doune and i)uryfycd as I have sent you ; and lett me have althings uessessarye ; andyf yt please you and Sir Will'm Wynter nuvy be the men appountcd to do yt, and Dennan bo the workemau be- cause he is the causer of this exclemacion as I cane toll you previlie, when your llonorc please bctwne you and me you i;hall here the very trotlie. And yf I do not prove yt trewly corned out then take my body and goods to your owne pleasure, and Jonas nor the capt.iynos, nor any of ther confederats shall not come nye me, but them whome you please, for yf Jonas had any couniuge yt had longe since u[)pcrod ; therfore bo shall loarne nothinge of me untill yt be knowcn tliat I am a|)crfytt master above them all. Datum the xxvii of Fabruary. God enerease your llonorc. This prove wilbe Sir Fraunccs Walsingame, Knight, Secretary to the tjueues Ma'"', my siiigitler and very frcnd, 182 STATK I'AJ'KKS ON IKIAI, (II' I'lIK (MtK lioluauU, !)2. Domestic Mi.., cxxiii, No. 7. J 11 MAUCII, l/)??. TO THE F.OUD TUKASURKU AND J,()KI» CHAMllKULAYNk: AltOWT TIIK NOUTU-W KST VIAOK. My vcric good Lordcs, Ilir Ma^'" havyngbcen made accjuayntcd w''' the ccrtificats sent lately from the Commissioners appoyntcd to surveighe the sondrie protts aud trials made of the north-west ewrc, and undor- standyng therby to hir good contentation that the richness of that earth is like to fall owt to a good rcaconyng is well pleased that a third viage be taken in hand the plotte wherof consisteth chielly in thoise two poynts, to witte, the charges of the shipping outwardes and some provision to be made for a lOOmcn to inhabite in those north-west i)artes : what the whok barges of theise two matters will amount to yo'' Lordships may perceavc by tliat their bearers Mr. Ffurbcsher and Mr. Locke will shew you in writyng and otherwise by word. I have allreadie aci]uaynted my Lord of Leceister how m*-'' : and yf it might please yo'' Lordships to send yo'' opinions of the two sayd points I would alter impart it further to others of my Lords and the Cowncell to thcnd that all their advises beyng had hir Ma''" may grow to some resolution for this newe aud third viage and so order accordingly be given for warrant of hir owne part aud other men's likewise that be adventurers in this matter. [Colonial, 90. Domestic, Eliz., cxxiii, No. 5.] XIIK ACCDMPT TAKEN AT MOSKOVIE HOUSE THE VIIJ'" OF MARCH 1577, OF CC WEIGHT OF \^ EWRE BROUGHT BY MR. FFOUBISHEU MOLTON AND TRIED BY JONAS SHUITZ AN AI, MAINE ADSISTED BY IIJ ENGLISHMEN, VI/., HUMFREY COLE JOHN BKODE ANO ROBERT DEN HAM. l)f the said cc weight of ewre so molton and trycd as aforesayd there proceaded in silver vj oz. vij'^ weight xiij graiues di, w^^'' valued at v" the oz. maketh in money .... And of the same ewrc pioceadcd in gold yJ weight V graines w"'' at iiij" the penny weight maketh in money ..... Sum, xlvij'* vjd. fSo at that rate j c weight of the said ewre will make in money ... And a tooue of the said ewre by like accompt will make in money . . kxxj'* X'' ob. xys vij'' oil. xxiij' }x'' xxiij'* xV 8UU8KQUKNT To THK SKCOND VOYAGK, I8;i vii.i Ix" i'« The charges ol f^otliiig ami i'etting the said cwre into tlie rcahiic as liy particiilers delivered hy Mr. Krorl)!.^^'!' doth appcrc will iiat exccde the tuniic . So uppon viiw of liiis aecoinpt I'or every viij'' de- frayed the venturers shall gaiiie v'' w^'" ariscth iippoii every hundred poundes al)ove W. Wyutar Kdward Dyer Martin Frobiser Rich. Youii)i Mathew Field Kdnioud llugan Michael Lok Andrew I'ahnur The charge for furnishing .shi|)|)es for this next voyage as followelh . The charge to furnish iiij or v shi|>peH w'!' 12(> men, viz., solidiors, niynars, smithes, carpenters, and other men of necessarie occupacions and to hring home viij'- tonne of ewre as appeareth by particulcrs therof delivered by Mr. Ffrobisher will amount to . . . Wherof must be del'rayed presently for the furniture nowe owtward thoue moytie or els this yeres voyage wilbe lost, viz. . . And at the retorne of the shippes must be payed other Fi r the provision of w'' money a levie must be made amonge tliadventurers after such rate that every one of them w'' did before adventure }" li. must now put in j'' xxx'' the moytie therof to be payed forthwith. And the other moytie to be readie against the retorne of the shippes to clere the froight and men's wages. VjiMl uijc iij"' iju li. iij'" ij<^ li S' II I\ 1 V VI \ 111 I> XI XUl STATK PAPKilS CONCERNING THK TIMALL OK EWR PliEV^lOUS TO THE THIRD VOYAGE. I. MEMOUANDUM FKOM MV I.OKDS TO THE WAUI'EX OF THE MYNT T<>U<'HI.\(i THE ORE. It. FKOM Mil. FENTON ON THE UMiADYNtiE OF THK OltH AM> I'K nODPYNCS KEroilT ON THE SICKNESS AM> DEATH oF THK MAX nilOOOUT BY CAl'T. FllOlllSHEll FUOM THE NORTH-WEST, AND OF THR XATrRR OF THE WOMAN OF THAT COUNTRY YET MVINdE. III. FKOM MK. LOCKE WHAT THE <100DXESS OF ORE IS DECLAUED. IV. PROM SIR W. WYNTER TOUCHYNGE THE fiOOTiP ORE. V. FROM .TONAS SCHUTZ U\ THE SAME. VI. FROM DR. nURCOT OX THE SAME. VII. FROM M. 1.0K OF JONAS NEW METHOD OF TUIAIiS. VIII. A NOTE OF ALL SUCH (HAROES IN MBLTYNCiE DOWN THE 0\MU.. IX. AGNELL ON THE TRIAL OF THE ORB. X. A NOTE OF CHARGE FOR THE TBIAM. OP ONE TONNE OF THE NORTHWEST ORE. XI. PROM MR. FENTON, WHAT .SCCCESSE HE UATHE IN TRAVELINOE TO GET OWRE IN THE WEST COUNTRIE. Xli. A COUNT MADE OF X'. '>F ORE MELTYD AT DARTFORDE, XIll. A NOTE OF THE VALUE OF 200 WKII of oARE GOTTEN IN THi; t'OrXTESSE OF WARWICKS ILANDE. oc Ihi Ff To thi iiiii wli wli aiM Mai' us ace I the 1 lyv be ( oft I the STATE I'Al'ERS CONCERNING THE TKIALL OF THE EVVll PREVIOUS TO THE THIRD VOYAGE. [^Colonial, 5(j. Domestic Eliz., cxvi. No. 25.] OCTOBKE 17, 1577. M-^' I'UOM MY LOKDS TO THE WAUDEN AND WOOllKMASTER OF THE MYNT TOVCHYNGE THE OBE BROUGHT OWT OK THE NOETH-WEST. Alter our hartie counuciidacious. The Quccucs Mai'""* pleasure ia that certain core brought into this realine by our loving Ireud Martin Fl'urbusher, gent, out of the uorth-wcst partes, shalbe earycd into the Tower and layd in some convcnyent place by you to be appointed tor that jiurpos, the said oore to be by him delyvered unto you by weight and so by you receavcd. And further that to the doare of the jdacc where the same shall lye there be lower severall lockes and keyes made, wliereof the said Ffurbusher to have one, you her heighnts otKcers two, and MichacU Locke, tresorer of the Company of Adventurers into the said north-west partes, tlie fourth. Whereof her Ma''' hath ai)pointed us to gevc you knowledge to thend you male take present order therein accordiuglic. And so we bid you fl'arewell. Ffrom the Castell of Windcsor the the xvj^'i of October IT)"?. Your loving frindes, [no signatures.] And further yt is meant yi you shall from tyme to tyme make de- lyverye of the seyd ore to be melted downe iicci. Domestic Ela., cxviij. No. lo. | '2t) NOVEMIi. 1577. FROM MK. KDWAIU) FKNTON. Ol' TIIK UN- LADYN OF THK OOKK IN THE AYD AND GAnUIEI,L, AND HOW MANIE T00NK8 OF THE 8AYD OOllE 18 ly ETHKU OF THE SAYD VESSELS. TO HAVE OHDEK FOU THE DI8CHAUD0E OF THE MAIIINEBS AND UNKIGGINGE THE 8AVD VESSELS. My dutie to yo"" houo'" most humblie used. Receaving letters from my Ocnerall the viij'^'' of this instante to make deliverio of such oure us re- mayned in the Ayde and the Oahriell, whereof I had charge w^'' letters in like manner from yof hof and others of her Ma^'os counsouU directed to Sr llicharde Barkely, Knight, Hugh Smith, Esquicr, and the Maior of Bristoll w<='> I presentlio sent unto them notw^'standing they mett not abowt the receipte thereof till the xiiij"' dayc of this Instante (by reason S' Richard Barkely was ymployed elswhcre in her Ma^''"* service) Sithcns w^'' time they have w"' care and diligence attended that service and have now in effect ended the same saving that a little porcion of oarc founde in removing of the caske[s] in the Ayde is not yet weighed, but wilbe furth- w"i disi)atched. The quantitie of the oare in t)xQ Ai/de (I suppose) wilbe nigh 124 toones. And in the barkc Gahviell IG toones rd'i. All W''' is saft'clic bestowed in the castell of Bristoll according to order appointed therin. Thus much having so convenientc a messenger 1 thought good to ymparte w"' yor honor beseching the same to further the dispatch of all such persons as have served in this action, whose service now rather is chargeful to her Mat^'a and other thadventurers then liking or benc- liceall to thcim selves. Wherof the gentlemen ymployed in that action (and attending heare thies ij moneths to small purpose) is greatlie charged by the same whose good government in this service both before and sithence their comingo hither on lande deserves (in myne opinion) at her Ma'^''^^ handes bothe favo'" and recompence for so greate vertuos showed in so honorable an action wherin yo"" honors good favo>' and fur- therance is chieflie to be craved for their comforts in the same. And am (amongcstc the rest spcciallie) to recommendc this gentleman and bearer Mr. Carew to yo' honors favo'' and countcnauncc whose readinesse wisdome and good government in this service deserves greate commendpcion and rather to be ymployed w^' charge then to serve as now he hath donne w''' I hinnblic l)csech yo" to consider of hereafter for his l)etter ailvauncemente and crcditt ; no lesse (1 suppose) my Generall will deliver of him for his dcsertes (w"'out llattcrin) doth thus much challenges me to reaporte unto yo' honor having well marked his bc- havio'' in this service. It were to good purpose order were taken for the iiuriggingc of the shippcs (if hcare they .shall rcmayne) for wantc wherof their tackle and other thingcs grow to dckaic w«'' would be saved if VUKVIOUS TO TIIK TMIKl) VOYAOK. 189 order were taken what should ho done in the same : UcHidcs tlie supcr- lliiis niiirincrs and others now attending would lie discharged w'' if it had liccn performed vij wcckes agoo hail saved grcato charges and been to vcrio good purpose. All w<-h I committ to ho dolt in as shall seotno hesto to yo"" ho'^.or craving pardon for my holdnesso do prayo daiolio to thiilmightie to bless you in all yo>" honorable actions and sonde yo'< much encrcase of honor. From IJrystoU the xxv"' of Novemlicr 1577. Yc honorn most humblic to commaunde, Edward Fenton. Postscript. — I am bolde to sendo unto yo"" bono'' hcreincloscd the opinion of Mr. Docto"^ Dodding towching the death of the man we lirought over w^'' us who often visited him in the time of his sickncs. To the honorable my vcriegood frindo Frauncis Walsiiigham, Ksijuicr, principall secrcatarie to her Ma"^' and one of hor highncs privic counsaill at the Co""'". [^Colonial 50. Domestic Eliz. cxviii. No. 40, i.] DocTon DonoYNOs nF.rouT of tiik stcknf.ssk and death of TUE MAN AT nRlSTOLL Wo CAPT. FITRinsiIEK nUOUOIlT FROM TTIE N0UTII-WE8T ; AND OF THE NATURE OF THE WOMAN OF THAT CONTRIE YET LIVYNOE. In cadavcris dissccti latere sinistro, primum sesc michi inspiciendro obtulerunt costrc du£c (casus vi et impetu (juando capicbatur) pricfracttc (lohisccntes adhuc, nee inviccm agglutinatrc : <|uarum cura (uti in tarn turbulcntissimis temporibus rcrumque navalium augustiis usu venire solct) vcl neglecta, vel (quod potius suspicor) morbus a nemine per- coptus inflamationem concitavcrat : et pulmonis contusio (teraporis pro- gres.su) putredincm itidcm contraxorat : quibus libere indies serpcntibus, cum per frigoris extcrni injuriam comniotis turn per malam victus rationem auctis, nee tamcn per artem chiruvgicam exterius interim cniendatis ucquc per mcdicamenta interius retusis in pulmonis ulcus insanabile prccepc. Ruebat et ingruebat malum jjuris putrcfacti alliicntia maxima ejusdcm materia vi.scida et tenaci, ita pulmonis pars sinistra undiquc scatebafc ut nihil omnino per orane morbi tempus expuerit et anhelitus fere retentus est constrictus, hue accedebat natura morbi infestantis furore admodum debilitata : liberior apud nos victus ratio quam aut hujus morbi fert malitia aut hominis fortassis consuetude quotidiana patiebatur, quod summa ducis summi cura liberalitasquc imniensa eorum apud quos divertcbat effeccrat : dcceptis omnibus opiniono potius morbo latilate et indulgentia stultaquam male volentia, sed cum asthma paulo ante mortem, morbus iste baud obscure simili- 190 STATK I'Al'EKS tudino exprcsfiit, turn ah hydropo non omiiino iininiinis erat : in thoracis cnini Hpa(Mo .siiiislro in^rcnH mpia* npia ct iilxiiidaiilia (iiualis a pcrspi- cacibus ct itidustriis miatomicis raro visitur) ooiispicieliatiir fluitarc : haoc moto corporo (uti roi cvcntus tidcm focit) aj^italiatur, ct pulmonis cxpirationom impoJioljat, pulino doiiiiiuo ip.so costis firinius (luam quis- <{iiam putarot hiorobat. Cerebri vuh\crati apostomatiunc (ut ita loijuar) prajter surditatein doloreiiKjuc capitis iiitciisissimum ((juihus nutniuam non affligcbatur) signa infiuita extant ct emcrp;iint apcrtissima quoo nunc silcntio (no siin prolixior) sunt involvonda, ijuod lietii ininutis- siuio detraxerat natura justro niolis id Htomncho capacissiino adjccisso visa est cum foonore (pii aqua refcrtus ct distontus multo major (|uam nostrorum hominum propter insanabiicm (credo) ingluviem apparebat. In cojteris partibus Anjj;Iium dicercs metum in (pioa prirno ejus advontu erat quamvis vultus hilarior ct siniulatus non mediocri arte occultabat et emeuticbatur, tamen gcstus ipsius (sigillatim singula pcnitius introspicicnto mo ct suspicante omnia) vel eundera aperto prodiderunt det excruntquo vol raorbum Iciale (quod scpius sed surdis cecini) projsagiverunt impcndentem, quio ex pulsibus dilucidiora quam ox ipso innotucrunt et confirmabatur qui semper minores tardiores et dcbil lores, ' honor in my letter sent by Mr. Furbusher touch- inge the rychesse of the urc, is very trcw. Yt grevethe me to see so moche tyme lost before we begyn to gyve order for the makyng of the furnasses for the grosse work, w^ii of necessyty must be done before we shall have any goodues when all is sayed and proved that can be done, I know not wherto to impute the fault, but to a schisma growen amonge us commissioners, througho unbelefe, or I cannot tell what worse in summe of us, w^^ the tyme must open. And thus for this tyme humbly 1 take my leave and commytt yC honor to Godes protection. From London, this 30 November, 1577. Yc honors most bounden, Michael Lok. I send this berer, my servant, purposely wt'» this letter, and yo' honor niaye command hym to retorne at yor plesure. To the right honorable Mr. Francys Walsinghiim, Chyef Secretarie of the Queenes Matie, &c. Delyvred at the Court. [Colonial, 61. Domestic Eliz., cxviii. No. 42.] NEW sent by avc byn aye was used in A NOTE OF ALL SUCH CHARGES AS SHALL AMOUNT IN MYLTYNOK DOWNE THE O0^VL^) 0"\VKE, AND OTHER CHAROES AS FOL- OWETH, BY MR. JONAS SHOWIER ACCOUNT. Inprimis, every touno waight of owre to yeald the sommc of . Item, for the l)yldynge of the worke howse and furnysses Item, for the charge of xij workemen wykely Item, for cole, wood, fflowshe, and lead, to mylte it doiine wykely ...... o a xxx" iiijc" v'' xv'' 19(1 STATK PAI'KRS Item, that thu siiyd Jonas shall trye vi^^ the sayd charf^es afore say wykole ij tone wayto of owre w'' shall ycald in fyne gowld the somnie of ... . xx'"""'"'' •Jonnas Schiltz. [Colonial, East Indies, 69. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 15.] AGNELLO ON THE TUIAT, OF THE ORE. Molto Magnifico et honorando S^ raio essellcntissimo. Non voici S"" mio chc pensasti ch' io fussi cossi inal crento che attanti die hora non fussi stato el debito mio ad respoiuler alia vostra cortese ettera scrittamc di 7 del passato ma la causa 6 stata ch' io desidcramo di rispondemi cou qualche sustautia, il chc volendo fare son stato for- cialo di far molte cspcrienze et prove per conoscer la natura di questa minera portata in (^uesto regno dal S'' jNIartino Furbishcr; ultimauiente di poi molte prove fatte ho trovato che bisogna separarc la parte sul- furea combustilc con conscrvatione dell' oro che in essa si sitruova, et piu glie uecessario separarc quanto si puo la parte terrcstra, et ancora el ferro che in essa si contiene, il chc fatto detta miuera sara piii facile alia fusione et con maneo spesa, oltra di questo I'oro quale era disperse per minima in gran quantita di terrestreitaet materia ferrea, sara redotto pill unite ad diversi recuperare et unirsi insieme. Kl quale ettetto i)enso haver trovato, la qual cosa se peusate possi suplirc al desidcrio di sua Mat« me gli oferisco paratissimo. Ma perche intendo che vi sono molti che si profcriscono et fano proforte grande a sua Ma'" io sarsi di opinione che lei dettessi a cottare le lore proferte ch' io per rac son di gia vechio ct impotente a durar piil faticha et tauto piu che questa non 6 mia pro- fessione, per che veraniente io non adoperai mai metalli, glie ben vero che esseudo io stato sempre desideroso de intendere i secreti de natura ho peusato de intender la natura di questa minera come di sopra ho detto. Non voici pere Sr mio che pensasti ch' io habbi detto questo con intencione di non far piaccr et scrvitio a sua Ma'a quando gli pincera comand . . . le ma Tho solamente detto per le cause sopra detto. Et cosi facendo fine ct preyando TAUissimo vi conservi et i)rosperi, gli bascio I'honorata mano. Di Lon. adi 20 di Decemb. del 77. Tutto al comando di V. S., Giovanni Battista Agncllo. Colonial East Indies, No. 64. Domestic Eliz., cxix, 8. A NOTE OF THE CHARGES REQUISITE FOR THE TRIALL OF ONE TONNE OF THE NORTH-WEST ORE. Right honorable, — We have byn longe tyme about the second prooffe of the ure, and doo well parceave that this foinace is not great ynoughe IMIKVIOUS TO lllK THIKI) VOYAGE. 197 for the common ;^reiit workes of tho meltinge ami to briiigc the work to tliat parfectiou w'' is deayred, and so moclic hathe Jonas said unto us from the hegynnynge. And yet an advantage wherein he will use Lis best endevour, as well fur the servyce of her Ma^'^as for his owne credite. And for the reward of his owne labour and industryc, he dothe reserve hym selfe to the good con- sideration of her Ma''" and yo'' honor w^'' tho rest of the Lordes, dc. syrynge that whatsoever it be he maye be made sure therof duryng his lyffe by her Ma'ics letters pattenttes before he begyn the great workes in the w'' letters pattenttes he is contented thor shalbe a mdicion sett downe, that yf ho doo not parformc that w^'' before is declared tliat then he wyll take no benefite by that graunt. And he sayethe that he hathe no doubt that in the handelinge of the great workes hi^- doynges shalbo suche as justelye shall deserve to augment his pcucyon of lyvingc hcre- afi a' whatsoever it shalbe now. And touchinge the ordinarie charges of workinge the ure to parfection, he is not able yet to saye justelye what it wyll amount uppon the ton, untill he have made triall therof in the great work ; but this much he sayethe that it wylbc under ten poundes the ton, exccptinge the charges of buyldynges of the wuik- howsso and fornaces, and so he wyll warrant it uppon forfeytuie of his pcucyon. And hereuppou he repayrethc to the Court to take sum end will jyi 11,, and the rest of the LL., w'li beinge done, he wyll go pre- ■^ 198 STATE PAPERS sontly to Bristow to Mr. Furbusher, vr^^ yo» good lykyngc, to vow a place convenient to erect the workhowse and fornaces, and there to have conferens w^'' the workmastcrs that shall erect the same according to the plat, that he wyll gyve them the charges wherof he cannot judge ■w*-^ out conferens had w^^i them ; but ho thynkothe it wilbe under cc poundes. Thus moche we have thought good to certiffy yC honor, and in the rest thcrof hymsellffe shall satisfy you more at large. Robert' Deuham is one suche as may be able to doo good sarvyccs to the Q. Matie and stand the Company in great stoade whatsoever should happen to Jonas, and therefore it were good he mought be remembered, w^^i' we referrc to yo'" honors good consyderation. And thus God preserve yo"" honor. From London, this vj December, 1577. Yo"" honors to commaund, W. Wynter, Michael Loke. To the right honorable S'' Ffrancys Walsingham, Knyght, one of her Maties principall Secretaries. dct. At the Court. [^Colonial, 65. Domestic Eliz., cxix. No. 9.] ^^ -' The great proofo of the black oure of Alom and chaync. ^) •' Thee third i)roofe of thcc read sand of Alom and chayne. ^^ '' Thee second proofe of thee read sand of Alom and clieyne. ^) * Thee oure of Ilynnesbury Gillcs. {Colonial, (iQ. Do -lestic Eliz., cxix, 10,] II.r MELTING I'UllNACES WILL MELT IIJ TON OF UUE IN A HAY AND NIGHT OH UATHER XIJ HOWAKS VJ WORKMEN WYLL SAllVE THESE II.T FURNACES AND ALL OTHEU AV0IIKE8 TIIEUTO BELONGING. For vj men men's wagys and meate a daye And for other ydle tynie of work Wob is for iij tons xx» wdiis j ton for x« vj« viij* ' llobrrt, originally written Willium, hut altcnHl. - A small pioco of metal fixoJ to the piipcr liy wax. •> Mark of tlic seal wax only remains. ■' I'lirt of ilii' Wiix only K.-ft. f" Wax "Illy lift. PREVIOUS TO TlIK TIIIRD VOYAOK. 199 For coles and wood to melt j ton j lode For leade j ton for j ton ure w*^'' Icade wilhc gotten agayne in the last almost iij quarters of it so is lost liut j quarter of j ton worthe x'' the ton, w'' is for j ton of ure ..... For fyar to rost j ton ure For a man to attend the same j day For mixture to melt the ure for j ton iSuui £r) 5 a ton ure charges. XX* v.i^ Vllj' XX'' X'" {^Colonial, East Intlies, G7. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 12.] DOCTOU BUUC0T3 ARTICLES AND CONDITIONS TO 8EKVK IN I'YNING OF THK NOUTII-AVEST OKE OR ANY OTHER MINERALS. Right honorable, We have vewed all the waiter mylles neere London and doo fynd the most of them to be tyde mylles w^li wyll not sarve to work the ure. Also we have vewed the Temple myll w*"'' Jonas dothe well lyke for the watter course, but the same hathe very little or no ground wheron to buyld the workhowsses needfull nor no place there for habitation of the workmen and offycers rcquysyt for the workes. Also we have scene the mylles at Dartfofd, whose water course Jonas doth allso lyke well. And cousideryng the commoditic of the towne fur habitation of the offycers and workmen also the water passage from the Tames to the towne and the good store of fcwell in Kent, we thynk that place good fo"" the purpose wherof this berar Mr. Furbusher can certyti'y yo'' II. particularlye referring all to the consyderation of yo"" II. and the lords of Ma'ifs honorable privie councell. Also I have dely vred to Mr. Jjurkot yo'' II. letter and theruppon I and Mr. Furbusher have had largo talke w^'' hym, and in the end we fynd hym farrc out of reasson, and from that w>:'» he wrote to yo"" II. as you shall parceave by the writinges herew^'uill scut of his doniaudes ; also Jonas is not wyllynge to joyue w''' hym, and by our conferens had we doo see that Burcot wold doo in the workes no more but the same w^:'' Jonas would doo and wyll doo and in sum poynttes not so moche nor so well as at yo'' 11. commyng to London you shall more largely un- derstand. The first thing that now is to be done for erection of the workehowsses for the ure is this : to wryte yo'' II. letters to Mr. Bartye, husband of the Duchessc of Suflolk to send hether Sebastian, a dockeuian who now makethe certayne mylleworke for hym at Grymsthorp, w^i' workman must make the btllowes wheeles and all other tymber-work. Also yo> letter to sum fryn[d] to send hether Ikndrick the dockeman ;iU() STATK I'AI'KRS bryklor or mason who is now in work at the glasschows in Sussex at a place called Lokwood, these ij incu w''' Jonas must presently vew and measure the plat of ground for erection of the myllo and furnaces and ordeyne for the plat of the work and for the stufte to work w^'all and huyld w^'all. Also uppon yo'' II. resolution what place you think most nieete to erect the workchowsses. The ownar therof must be agreed W'lall presentlye for the same before we can begynne the workes of buyldynges. All other matters appertaynynge to the premycises may staye untyll yo" II. come to London. And thus I commytt yo' hoi. or to Almighty God. Ffrom London the xiij of December, 1577. Yof honors most bounden Michael Lok. To the right honorable S^ Francis Walsingham, knight, one of her JVIat'os principall Secretaries At the Court. [Inclosure i.] The 9H» December, ir)77. Mr. Doctor Burcot shall doo as folowethe : — 1. lie shalbe chycf master of the workes of provynge and mcltinge the ures here at home ycrelye and in his owne parson shall see and ordayne and command the same. 2. He shall dcly ver halfe an once at the least of fyne gold for every hundred weight of the ure, fiee and clcre of all charges of fTyer and ad- ditions for the melting and mens labour for the workyng and all other charges except the charges of buylJyng and iustrumenttcs or workyng tooles. And this shall he parforme or ells shall loose his pencion of cc" and all other intertaynement. Mr. Doctor Burcot shall have as folowethe : — 1. A pencion of cc'' 3'crely during his lyfFc. 2. And xx" day for his dyat when he or his deputye workethe. 3. And a better reward when the myncs prove bcttar and 1" before- hand bcsydes his pencion. And this shalbe parformed to him by suffi- cient bondes. [Inclosure ii.] Artyclcs off Burkard Krainghe off the meltine and tfyninge of that ooyrc that ys brought into this land and that w^i here after shall come. Inprimis that he will be a master teacher and instructor of Inglyshe- nien how they shall melte this prcsente blacke ooyre or any that comyth'3 here after to puryffie and fyne yt and bringe yt to parfl'yte gold. Item he will also have sucho men as he will chuse and apounte they shalbe bound to the hole fellowshipe and unto him not to departc fromc this busynes wtl^out the masters lycense and good will havingc ther wages rcasonablye appounted unto tliem. I'RKVIOUS TO TlIK TIIIKU VOYAOK. 201 Item he will also erecto and buyld a inolteno house w'*" vj foriiaccs axiltres, fyningo ovene vj pare otF bellous w"» all other instruinentca apperteyningo to suche a house of his owno device and knowlage pro- fytablo and mete for suche meltine at the fellowes cost and charges. Item he will have too hundred pound ayeare duringe his naturall lyfl'e quarterly to be payd and one hole quarter' in hand, and the next pament at oure Lady-duy next followinge, and xx' a day for his charges holy day and workie day as ofte as he ys in and aboute that busyncs and yf yt fortune him to be charged w"' bod3'lie syckenes and be not able to travile in the same arte and be present himselfe that he may have a sufficicntc man ther in his place in the meane tymc and the same ac- countes and the xx" to be payd monthly. Item he will also have by that same meltine house sufficientc rostino house, coyle house, v,^^ [)!ontye of wood ami coile. Item the fame Burkard hath takine upon him \\^^ his afFore appounted workemen and meltcrs to bring out of the blacke oorye that ys present alredye in this lande halfc an ounce of a hundred weight gold and be • sydcs that yt shall bcare reasonable charges so that he may have the samp ooyre cleancly delyvered unto him w'''out earthe drosse or stones havinge wood and coile w^^ workemen at ye queues pryce. Item will gyve a note what maner of bellowes and other instruracntcs nessessary appertayninge to the same mayd here in London and carryed to suche a place as the Mr. and fellowes thinke mete to be buylden. Item, he will instructe and teache to make proves and sayes to one man that will go suche a vioage agaync to bringe over treasure and ryches to pay for all and leave suche pooer and wyld oorycs behind yf ther be suche ryches in the land. Item he ys also content to traviil his old body in thefellowshipes cost and charge to vew se and fynd out in this land a place for buyidinc suche a house bothe mete and profytable for the beste cheape of meltine and bringine in of the oorye. Item, he will also make sayes of this oorycs that is in this land adver- tyce the comyssioncrs of the ryches of the same of his owne cost and charge, and in his owne house and showc and teache how yt sliall be brought oute in the greate fycr because he hathe his pension for y" same. Item, he will also have tow notable men in the fellowshipe that shalbe bound unto him in a pare of indentures and he to them for the hole fellowshipe wol» one of them shalbe appounted to pay him at f'tymes for him and his men ther wages an his pension and xx' a day. Item, yf ther shall here after any more suche ooyre come into this laud w'" shall beare the charges and be more profytable then thys ys that where he hathe now xx" a day then he shall have xl» a day. lolc quiirtcr" erased, and ulUrcJ to trvf'ti pound." 202 STATK PAPERS Item, that yf ho do not pcrformo the aflbrcsayd artycklcs thou ho shall losse his pittanc and therto I have sette my hand. Item, ho will not have that his pension nor his xx' shalbo accounted in *^he charges of the moltyng because yt is neyther for labourer nor workmcnes wages. Item, will also have that alwayes thcr shall remane a peace of mony in the masters handes before hand in the buyldino and mcltine to i)ay his men in dew season and he shall make acounto every sennet or xiiij dayes at y leastc and send yt to him that payes the men to make his booke wii' a trew accountes what is spent and payd, Item, the M' will also instructe and teachc one of his secret and bounden sarvantes and prentyce durynge his lyffe as he hatho partely alrcdy done that yf yt happene that the same Mr dothc deseace or dye that the same his mane shall knowe suche secretes and mystorics w*^'' every worke man and laborrer ought not to knowe so that his service may bo followed in his desseaces and after his deathe and to be joyned now w"' him in patent. [Colonial 113. Domestic Eliz., cxxix, No. 2.] .lANUARY 2, 1578. FROM MR. EDWARD FENTON, WHAT SUCCESSlC HE HATHE HAT) IN TRATELING TO GET OWRE IN THE WEs^T COUNTRIE. My dutie to yo"" honor most humblio used. Makinge my L. of Bedfordc acquainted wt'> her Ma''f8 commission and service I had in hande from yor ho: he presentlyo directed his favorable letters unto Mr. Edgcombe (whose skill and indginete for that purpose and service his L. thought most suflSciente) to whom I repaired accordinglic. And making him acquainted therw^'' I desired his speedie good help and furtherance in the same and sheifest to be furnlished of that oure or minerall (Mr, IJurcott) affirmed to yo'' honor to have receved of him and gotten in his growndes w"'' he assured me by great othes was not true : for tho, same oare .... delivered unto (Burcott) by one of his bretheren who receavid the same of another m?u wcl» died longe time sithence, and where he had the same he knowes not neither can it be learned of any other. So that at my firste entraunce into the service I was voyde of that hoope and hclpe I cheiflie exspectcd at his handes for the presente supplie of the same. Wherfore seinge the uncertentie of his help and that he sayde he had procured some other sortcs of oare but not readie for me : I furthw^'" repaired into Corncwall to see what fruites I coulde rcape, and fonde owt for that purpose by myne owne travaill : And coming auiongest the mynes there (Christmas being at hand) and the iiiyncrs being departed from their labours. Onlic in thende haping to PREVIOUS TO THE THIRD VOVAOE. 203 one (Mr. Cosworth) recoavo' of her Ma^ws rovcncw there, W' whom using some couferronco receavid botho greate courtesio for my self and fur- thoraunco for the prescute service I had in haudo : ho travailed with mo into sondrio places and to divers gentlemen of that shier at whose handes and by whoso mcanes 1 was chcitlio to be holpen wti> such mincralls as I serchcd for viz., Mr. Qoodolphin, Mr. Arundell, and others w^^ whom after I had used some conferrcncc and given them some instructions towchingo thaction furthw^'' dispatched their letters to their servauuts best acquainted w^i" those cawscs to make presento serch for all oares and mineralls remayniugc in their workes from whom I have receavid such sortes of oare as I have sente to London (to Mr. Looke) putt in sevcrall bagges marked w''' figures accordingc to a kalcudar hcrwith inclosed to yo'' honor. But the oaro (Mr. Burcott) had wherof Mr. Edgcombe delivered me a peice, I showed to divers tynner.s and others of skill in mineralls, but they never saw any sucho in Cornwall or other places of their workinge. Creator speedc I could not make by reason thunfittnes of time as absence of all workmen from their workes, neither a greator quantitie of oaro w^i'sorte will best serve tho purpose it is gotten for, w*^'' I coulde not do having no skill therin my self muchc lesse hero acquainted w^'' any that could do the same. And therfore thought it not good to eutre into any further charges therin till I receaved yC honors further pleasurs and certificatt w"'' sorte or sortes therof will best aggreo wt'i thaction it is provided for, W*! I will most dutifullie and readelie foUowe accordingc to suche orders as yo'' honors shall direct mo for the same, llumblio beseching yC" ho : to direct yo'' favorable letters of thanks to (Mr. Coswarth) for the greate courtesie he hath shewed me in this service craving pardon for my boldness I bescche God to blcsse yo>' honors with good success in all yo'' actions. Ffrom Mount Edg- combe the ijJ«of Januarie, 1578. Yo' honors most humblie to commaunde, Edward Fenton. To the right honorable the Lords and others of her jMa'''^** most honorable Privie Couu.saill. haste. [Colonial, 113. State Papers. Doineatic, t'liutbeth, Vol. l-2\), 2, i.J XHE KALLENDER OF SUCUE SOUXS OF OAllE AS I HAVE SENT IN SOUNDUIE BAGOS, VIZ.: The first sort or kynd being liek copper called myiidick j^rowclhc in i^t. Awstell Clives 3 milles from the haven of Foye. There is lick to be good stoare therof, 204 STATK PAI'KRS 2. The second sort comonly ciillod l>y the tynners callo, there is great Ktoftrc and dyvcrs kynd.s tliernf (^'rowiiiff in St. Tow iind other iilaccs 3 inilleH from the sea sydc: and from the haven of Foye vij inilles. 3. The third sort lyko unto tynne or lead,' groweth in St. Aw.xtell in the Hovcrall grownd of Ilugho Collyns of Tregonie, ij milles from the sec and vj from Foyc. 4. The iiiji'iHort growctho in the parish© of Piryn in the grownd of (Mr. John Nance) and was one of the niyncs (Mr. Burcot) wrought for silver : ho gave to the honnor yerely v oz. of silver, it lyethe w'''in 2 milles of New Kaie a littell harbor now dekayed, the work standethc xxij fothomes deape of water and the loadc therof a foatc broade. 5. The fift sort was gottin by mo and Mr. Coswartho in a silver work of JMrcotts, at New Kaio, hard by the see side and in the parishe of Si Collom (the lower, the loade scant a foat broade), I fownd also in a howse hard l)y the same, certayn slago w«'' he used to melt downo the same oare w''' ali, of what substaunco or from whence it came, I could not learne; i'. is £,mongest the oorc in this bagge. 0. The vj'" contayneth 4 sorts of oorc received from Mr. Barnard Penrose dwelling nigh llelston. 7. The vij'i' sort was gotten in the parishe of S' Tannesse, her Ma''^ j'and, hard uppon the see side, the loadc not above a haiidfuU broad. 8. The viij •' bagge contaynethe 7 sorts of oare w''' their loads. Re- ceived of Mr. Edgcombe. B'ower sorts of oare in 4 severall baggs, marked w^'i the letter M., from Mr. Michell, of Trewroo. Indorsed. The sortcs of myneralls received from C. Fcnton, from Cornwall, the 8 Januarie, 1578. [Colonial, 131. State Papers. Domestic Eliz., Vol. 12!), No. 43.] THK XVIJ DAYE OK FEBKOAV.VUY IN AN" 1578, OF X'' 01' OKK Min.lYD AT DAUTFOKDE. A COWNT MAJ)E OF X" OF OllE MEI/lYl) W""' CAME OUT OF THE JUDETII, AND 13"^ OF ORE W'=" CAME OUT OF THE NOKTIIF, AND 0<-' OF LECTAGE "NV^" CAME FUOME TOAVER HIGHXT — 26c IN ALL. Where of came iij*^ \ of ryche leade, and that beyinge fyndc downe there came viij oz. of sclver, lackynge ij'' wcyght, where of bcyngc partyd, came of gowlde one q3 q"" oz. and xviij grains. ■ Where of came out of the leade ore and the lytarge, \s<^^ was xvijf ^ oz. ^ qvS> wo'iis X oz. ' 111 llio toppo of this bagge jou shall fyud ij peees of oare joUo coller gotten at New Kuie. puKViors lo riiK tiiird voyaoi 2().-) Then mcltyd the l)^t(irgc w^i' tho slugs whcro out is come ije of leade, w '' ij' of leado howldcth V oz. All 80 there flotlio rcmivyno in stone iij'" |, w'' howldyth all v o/,. There rcmjiyriH iij'' of lend at 30' Where of all is xviij oz. of solver w"' gowldo. Tho gowlde w"'' is thcro io is ^ oz. 40 grains, w"i> is 35« in valow. There remayns wij oz. j qr. iij' weyght, k of solver, where of we takr out X oz. for the xvj • ore and leetarge. Hoste iu selver of owre owne ore 7 oz. j qr. 3' weyt ^. (On dors.) Howe mych tho x'' dothe make. Fursto, in sylver 17 oz, j qr. 3^'' weyte, at Then tho gowldo J oz. 40 grains, at . Then 3^ lead lefte, at .... Where of aliato for x oz. w •' cjvine oute of the ore and let- targc of the northo ..... The rcste clyer, w"'" is corao out of owi- ^ tunno of ow' 4 7 1 15 1 10 2 10 C) 2 [Colonial, I'.i-i. Domestic, Eltz.,cx\x, }^o. 15.] \ NOTK OF THE VALUE OF 200 W'^'^ „p qAPE OOTTIiN IN THE COUNTE99 OF WAnWICKS ILANDE IN (mETA INCOQNITA) AND PUTT UOWNE BY ME, JONAS 8HUTE, AT THE TOWER HILL, THE XXIIIJf' DAIE OF MARCHE, 1578, AND PUTT OF ON III 8EUEUALL TESTES CONTEYINQE GOLD AND SILVER, AS FOLLOW^", VIZ. The prooffe of the first test. The first prooffe waighed in gould and silver, vnrefyned . . . 11 oz.4 pennyc w^i' IG graines. Being refyncd, in gould and silver . 11 oz. 1 penny w''''and 11 gr. In gould, beinge parted . 20 graines and 3 quarters. The prooffe of the second test. Tho secondo waighed in gou'.J and silver, vnrefyned . . . 1 oz. 3 qrters and 14 gr. Being refyned, in gould and silver . 1 oz. 7 penny w"'' 14 grs. In gould, being parted . . 1 penny w"'' 4 gr. 3 qrters. The prooffe of the third test. The thirde waighed in gould and silver, vnrefyned . . .10 oz. 14 penny w^it 18 gr. Wherof there is a litle sample kept of the same for a sutle prooffe, if need require. 206 STATK PAPERS. x" m XXXVi JJcing refyned in gould . . 1 oz. 13 penny w^'t In gould, being parted . 1 penny w" 8 gr. 1 qrtcr. The qu r Tw f a Mai X Moi ir Mor si Mor 'o Mor at Mor: at i\Ior( Men in m( Men iiu STATE PAPERS RELATIVE TO THE OUTFIT FOR THE THIRD VOYAGE. [Colonial, 8H. Domestic Fliz., cx\iv,'ii^o. ].] A niOPORTlON or THE CHARGES FOU A TIIVUD V r AG L XO TIF K NORTilWKST TO FITCII 2000 TOONES OF OOIIK AND TO VITIAI, AND KEEPE THERE 100 MEN 18 MONETHES. 1>''1 li m' Twoo thowsandc toones of oure to be brought home at xxx'' It toonc amounteth to . Wherof I (leraaunde to furnishe the A>/(ie and GahrieU in presente and roadie monie More for the wages of 80 men for v monethes at xxvjs. viij(i?. le monthe le man to be paid at per reatorne ..... Two shipps to be procured more of her Ma"", viz., one of 400 toones and thother of 200 toones throughlio furnished w^^'' tackle and munition w"'' maic amounte to .... Marioners to saile the same ij shipps 150, at xxvjs. viiijf/. le monthe Ic man in prest . More for vittelling of thies 150 sailors at \\s. b monthe le man for vij monthes . More in prest for 1 20 pyoners to be convoydc in thies shipps for ij monthes wages le man at xxs. le monthe ccxl'' More for the vittelling of thies 120 pyoneers at xx«. 'c man le monthe for vij monthes More for iiij monthes wages for the pyoners to be paide at their reatorne .... More for v monthes wages to be paide 150 uaarioners at their reatorne .... More for wea[)on and armo'' for thies 120 men More for soMio'" and pyoner.s being 250 to be bestowed in shipps to be fraighted at xxvj.v. viij'^. Ic man le monthe for ij monthes in presto More for the vittellinge of thies 250 men for vij monthes at xx.*. Ic man for cverv month . \h tlxxxiij" v)< viij mmmdc'' cc \'i mV/ dccCjXl'' cccciij'"'/t cxx'' dclxvj" xiij" iiij nidccl'' z 210 STATE PAPEUS RELATIVE TO THE OUTFIT ccl" cU More X hall p or tcntes for their harbof . . ccxl" More for armo'" and weapon for theis 250 men at xxs. lo man ..... More for yronworke for tooles for the same pyoncrs and for viij smithes, their fouvdgcs and bellowes Ffor powder for their defence one lastc . . c'' More to be paide in wages at their reatorne for iiij monthes . . . . mmdclxvj" xiij' iiij ' More for the fraight of 1200 toones at c.?. le toonc . vji"'Zi. Sum of all the charges to be disboursede as appereth by this particular. . xx"id,ccc,xxxvj'' xiij" iiij'l And so remains cleare . . xxixmclxiij" vji viij'' Mil that there is in readie monio to be disboursed for the fetching of theis 2000 toones but . vj'"'dlxvj" xiij« iiij'' Besides the ij shipps of her Mai-''- \v«i> maie come to . mmmdcii A proportion for 100 men for victuall and wages to inhabit the North- west. More for the vittelling of 100 men to remayne there "I at xx'' le man for the ycre and the proporcion to aunswere xviij monthes . . . mmm" More for their wages at xx"* le monthe le man . mdccc" The Comoditie to be gayned by them. Thies 100 men being laborers shall gctt in this xviij monthes towardes their charges 2000 toones of oarc w^'' shall yeldc xx" le toonc cleare amounting to the some of .... xl'i'^i. M(i that to fortcfie and provide dwelling for thies 100 men w"' munition for their defence is further to [be] provided and consi- dered of. [Colonial 89. Domestic Eliz., cxxiii, No. C>0.] THE NAMES OF SUCIIE GENTLEMEN AND OTHERS AS WENTE THE FIRST AND SECONDE VOYAGES W '" MARTIN FFROBISHEU INTO THE LANDS NOW CALLED "META INCOGNITA," LATLIE DIS- COVERED BY HIM TO THE NORTHWEST AND NOW IN CON- SIDERACION OF THEIR SERVICE TO RE RECEAVID IN AS AD- VENTURERS GRATIS, FOR SUCHE 8EVERALL SOMES OF MONIES AS FOLLOW^", VIZ. The Names of the Gentlemen. Edwarde Ffenton his lieutcnaunte, by lando and .sea in those partes. . . . . . . c" Gilbcrte Yorke his vice-admirall to go and reatorne w^li the fleete 1" FOR TIIK THIUl) VOYAGE. 211 George Best Richarde Philpott Ilenric Carcw . Edmonde Stafforde Fraunccs Brakenburie John Lee William Tanflldc Edwarde Ilarvic JVIathew Kindersley Thomas Chamberlaine "j Abraham Linche > . Dennys Potle ) Roberto Kindersley "I Ilenrie Kirkman / Lucko Girido, vice-admirall at Meta Incognita The Maistcrs of Shipps and others. Christofer Hall, M"" in thadmirall . Charles Jackman, M'" of the vice-admirall James Beare, M'' of the Reare admirall Andro Dyer, M"" of the shipp that staies in the countrey Nicholas Chauncelo'' havinge been bothe the voyages remayne there .... Richarde Coxe M"" gonner of thadmirall Nicholas Counzer that tooke the man Thomas Boydcll . James Wall is, hurte and mayraed by the countrey people and to 1« 1« xxv'' xxv" xxv" xxv'* xxv'' xxv" xxv" xxv" xxv'' XXVI' 1" xxv'« xxv'' xxv" xxv" xxv" xxv't xxv', [Colonial, 91. Domestic Eliz,, cxxiii. No. 51,] INTERTAYNMENT OF GENTLEMEN AND OTHERS IN THE VOYAOE UNDER MR. FENTON, TO INUABITE IN THE NEWLAND META INCOGNITA. Mr. Captayne Fenton George Beste . . Richard Philpot Luke Ward For ij Icwtcnanttes, eche For ij enscignes, eche And all the rest of the gentlemen And all others, soldyars, maryuar.s, 6i.c. mo lib • lib li5 li-2 10 • > li-1 • . li\ 1(1 . li\ G H By the raoutl le. 010 01 STATK rAPFRS RTILATIVK TO THK OUTFIT {^Colonial 87. Domestic Eliz. cxix. No. 46.] Tlhat Jouas may have Ic^i. pension. Shippes to be sent for v">' ton weight. A niynor to Jig half ton adaye, in 28 days — a month. i'- niynors for a mouth to digg ii'' niynors .... iiic mynons . . . . jmt iii.' ton. ij'"' viij" iij'n' cc ton. Y<= freight at iij' y ton Wages for yf raynors. . ix"'t poundes. Edm. Ilogan, Sf W'" Wyntcr, Ilumfrcy Lock, Rich. Ydya, Furbisher. Dee. Palmer to be allowed as an officer. W'" Umfrey to be used. Ilumfrey Cole. Burchard to make a prooff of jc weight of ye ure in y" towre. \^Colo7iial, 93. Comcay Papers.'] INSTUUCTIONES GEVEN TO O" LOYINGE FKIND MARTINE FFRO- niSEn, ESQUIER, FOB THE ORDER TO BE ORSERVI'.D IN illS VOYAGE NOWE RECOMMENDED TO IIIM FOR THE LANDK NOAV CALLED 13Y HIR MA"f' META INCOGNITA TO THE NORTHWEST PARTES AND CATHAYE. Ffyrst, you shall enter as captain generall into the charge and govern- ment of theis shippes and vessells, viz., the Ayde, the Gabriell, MichaeU, Judethe, the Thomas Al/ine, Anne Fraunces, the Jloppewell, the Mone, the Ffea\nices of FfoTj^ the Thomas. Item, you shall appoynte for the furnishinge of the Ayde, Gahriell, MichaeU, and Judith, fFour-skore and ten hable and sufficient marinores and 130 pyoners and 50 soldiars, for the sarvycc and ladinge of all suche shippes and vessells as shall go under yo'' charge and be appoynted to retourne againe w''' yo" for that purpose, and of the sayd shippes or vessells, and maryners, pyoners, and soldiors, you shall leave to remaync and to inhabite in the lande nowe called Meta Incoijnita., under the oharg and government of Edward Ffenton, gent, your Lieutenaunte Generall, the O'abrieU, the MichacU, and the Judethe, w^h fortic hable marioners, gonners, shi[)wrights, and carpentars, 30 soldiors and 30 j)yoncrs, w"' sufficient vittalle for xviij monthcs for their provisione, re- leife, and mayutcnance, and also munition and armoure for their dee- fence, w'l nomber of pcrsones befor specified you shall not exced to carrie nor levc their. Item, that the vittalls for vij monthes w"'' you deliver into the Ayde for provisone of 90 persones goinge, and to retorne in the said shippe, you shall carefulye "ee the same preserved and used in sarvyce w"' out FOR rilK TllIUl) VOYAOK. 213 [e Ayde Ishippc, lyth out spoyle or hurto takinge by nccligence. Item, you shall make a juste iuventorie of every shippe to the companle bclonginge of all the takcll, munitione, and funiitur, to them lielongingc at their scttinge fourth from hens and the coppie therof under yo"" hand to be delivered to Michaell Lok, Treasorer of the Company. And the like to be done at yo"" retourne home, of all thinges then reinaynyng in the said shijjs. And the like care you and yo'' Lieutenauute Generall shall have of the victualls that shalbe by you delivered into any shippes or vessells what- soever, for the provision of the 100 men appoynted to inhabite their. Item, you shall not reccve under yor charge and government any dis- ordred or mutinous ])ersonc w'' shall be appointed to goo or rcmayne their, but upon knowledge had to remove him before you departc hence, or ells by the way assone as you can avoyd hym. Item, you shall use all dilligcnce possible to departe, w''' yo'' said ships and vesselles frome the portes where they now rcmayne, before the firste of May next cominge, and to make your course eather by the northe or the west, as the winde will best serve yo". Item, when you shall passe the landes of England, Scotlande, or Ire- lande, you shall direct yo'" course w''' all yo' shippes and vessells to the lande now called Mela Incoijiiita, and to an ilaml and sounde' there called the Countess of Warwickes Hand and Sounde, being w'ldn the supposed straight, w^^i we name Ffrobisers Straight, discovered by yo"" selfe 2 yeres past, and in yo"" voyage thither wardes you shall have speciall regarde so to order your course as yo"" shippes and vcs.sclles do not losse the Companye one of an other, but may kepc company to- gether. And the lyke also in yo'' retorne homewards. And yf any wili'ulnes or negligence in this behalfe shall appeare in an}' personc or persons that shall have charge of any of the shippes aforesaide, or yf they or any other shall doo otherNVj-^se then to them appertcyneth, you shall punishe suche ofFendor sharplyo to the example of others. Item, that at yo>' arryvall at the Countesse of Warwikes Hand and Sounde, you shall theron saffitee harbour yo"" shipi>s and vesselles, and frome thence ^ou shall repayre to the mynes and myneralls of the same iland wher you wrought this laste ycarc w"' myner.s and other men and furnyture necessarie, and ther shall place the myners and other men to worke and gather the oare, foreseinge they may be placed as well frome dainger and malyce of the people as frome anye other extremitye that maye happen. Item, whyles these mynars are workyng in Warwyke Sound, you shall cause serche to be made for other mynes in other [)lace3, and yf uppon good proofe made, you shall happen to fynde other mynes to be richer then thcis frome whence you had yo'' laste yeares ladingc, then you shall 1 Another hand. Nut fur )•' I^^le of l''<)^/,lin iu tlie wcy. su STATU PAPERS UKLAlIVK TO TIIR OUTFIT prcsentlic remove the shippesand myncrs to the same phice of mynerall, and to lade of tho same yf that may be done convcniontlye. Item, to searche and consider of an apte place whcr you raaie best plaute and fortefye theise c men wh you shall leave to inhabite there aswell against the dainger and force of tho natyvc' people of ye countrcy and any other y' shall sekc to arryve ther from any other part of Chris- tendom,'^ as also to prevent and fore see as neare (as you cane) all other extremities and perills that mayc happen, and necessaries to be con- sidered of for them. Item, you shall leave w'b Captan Fenton, yo' Lieuetenaunte General!, tho government of those TOO persons to remayne in that countrie w''' in- structions howe he maye best observe the nature of the ayrc, and may discover and knowe the state of the countrie from tyme to tyme as mocho as may be, und what tyme of the yeare the Straight is most free frome eysse kepyng to y" end a journall wckly of all accountes, wt-'' whome you shalle leve the (JahrieU, the Michaell, and the Judith, w"^'' suche proportion of victualls and other nccessarie thiugcs as are alrcdye appoynted to him and his companye for that purpose suppliing his want w^'' able and skyllfuU men for that purpose, and wi'^ any other thingea nccessarie w"'' you or any other of the shippes maye conveaioutlie spare at yo'' reatorne. Item, we require that you shall instructe all yof people rather to muchc then any thiuge to littell, aswell for yo'' owne saffetyo there as of suche as you shall leave beliinde you, that when you or they shall happen to come to have conference wi'> the people of those partes wher you shall arive, that in all yo'' doyngcs and theirs you so behave yor selves and theyme, towardos the said people as maye rather procure their frindships and good lykings towardos you by courtesyes then move them to any offence or myslikiuge. Item, uppon yo"" arrivall at the place before specified, and after you have bothe harbored saftlie yo"" ships, sett yo"" mynurs one worke, and also have taken sufficient order for plantinge of those men w-''* shall in- habite ther, and appoyntinge in yo"" absence governors for all theis causes. We will then, yf leasure and tyme wille permitt the same that you w^'' the ij barkes shall repaire towardos the jilace where the first yeare you lost yo"^ men, aswell to searche for mynes there as to discover GO or 100 leages further wcstwardes frome that place as ye oppening of yn Streight by water will lowe, as you may be certayne that you are en- tride into the Southe Sea couuuonly called Mare di Sun. And in your passage to learneall that you cane in all thinges, and take parfect notes therof, not tarringe longe frome your shippes and workemen, but that you mayc be hable to retorne homewardes w"' them in due tyme. ' [Nutyvf] lidded by Lord BurUigli. ■ [Of CliiislLiiiluniJ luklcJ by LurJ Burlcigli. I'OU THK TlIIKl) VOYAGK. 315 Item, you shall well consider what place may he most aptcst further to f'ortifyc upon hereafter (yf nede retjuier), hothe for defence of the niyners and also for posscssinge of the countrieaiid bringc home w'" you a perfecte platt and parfecto notes therof to be kept in sccrcat, and so delyvred unto us.' Item, you shall not suffer any shippe or shippes beinge laden w''' oaro to sett sayle or departe from the place of their ladinge till the daye fixed in their charter partye except you see good cause othcrwyse. And be- inge so laden and redy to retorne homeward you shall reetayne them in ilote and in companie all togethers as mucho as in you liethe, and as the wether wyll suffer untill your rctorno into this realme of England and arrival! at the place appoynted in the River of Thamnics for un- ladinge of the same. Item, for the succession of the Oenerall Governour of this whole voiage (yf he should fortune to die) for avoydinge of stryffc and kepingo of peace and fryndship there be the names of iiij gentlemen privatlio sett downe to succeado liim in his place- on after y other which ar seve- rally wrytten in paper included in balls of wax sealed w'h hyr Ma'ies signett and put into boxes locked w''' sevv-rall keys whcrof on in your custody.* Item, for the better and more circumspecte executions and dotermi- nacion in any waightie causes incident on land, we will that you shall call unto you for assistantcs your Lieutenaunt Generall, Captayne Yorke, Richard Philpott, George Beast, and Henry Carewe, gent., w''' whome you shall consult and confere what is beste to be done in the said causes, matteres, and actions of yraportaunce touchinge this service undertaken. And in all suchc matteres so handcled, argued, and delmted upon the some to rest, to be allowed, or disallowed at yor owne ellection, and that alwaies to be executed W'l you shall thiuke meeteste w^h assent of any ij of them in general consent.^ And like wysc in matteres of weight concerninge all yo'" shippes good government, aswell at the sea as in harboure, o'' wille is that the forenamed gent, and Christofer Ilawle, Charles Jackeman, James Beare, and Andrcwe Dier, ministers, in cer- tayne of o"" shippes, presentlie ymployed in this north-west service, shalbe assistaunte unto you and consontinge to all determynacones con- cernynge the same. And in casse that of suche conference and des- coursinge the opiniones of the aforesaid assistaunco be founde in cffecte any waye to differ then o"" will is that thexecution of all suchc matteres ' After us, " here to the Treasorer of the Companye " written and ex- pnnctetl. - [On custody], Lord Burleij^li's hand; also the note. " Three keys, Furbisiier, Feuton, a mr of a shipp. See last paragraph hut tiro. * [W'li to consent] also wrilton in margin by Lurd liuilcigli. 216 STATK rAPKllS UKr.ATIVi; TO THK OUTI fT so arpfiicd upon shall rest to he i)iit in execution in suchc sorto as you shall thinke inoste motost, having the assent of any ij of them.' Item, becauso the tcmitrature of those northe-wcst partes and boundcs of seas and landcs are not yet sufRcicntlie knowne (w'' thingo wc prin- cipallye desyere), and for as much as vcrye good opcrtunitio in sound- ric respectcs mayc fallo out in tyrae of yo'' absence to purchaze or attayne to the same, wc thinko y' verye necessaric and to your better desert worthclic apperteningc that you shall enforme, advise, and aucto- rysho by yo"" owue hande writtinge, in the beste manner you cane devise howe anyc further descoverye, understandinge, or knowledge of the fore- said landes or seas (confynynge, borderinge, or lyinge, wt'jn 200 leages of the place wher at this voyage the habitacone or fortification of o"" peo- ple shalbe sctled or situated) mayo be executed and achevcd by yor afore- said Lieuetenante Oenerall or by suche other parson as he or the most parte of such as hereafter shalbe named to be his assystance shall deme and judge most apte and sufficient for the accomplishingo of the service their unto apperteynirge. Item, that you shall have speciall care and geve generall warninge that no persono of what cawlinge soever he be shall make an assayo of any manner of mcttalle matter or oore on the foresaid partes of Meta In- coynita, but onlie he or they to whome the offyco or feate of assayes iTQakinge is asigned or comitted (onlie yo"" selfe, yor Leutenauntc Gene- rall, and yo'' substitutes before named, from this article to be excepted), nor any persone under yo"" government shall take uppe or keape to hira selfe and his private use anye parte or parcell of oare, precious stone, or other matter of comoditie, to be hade or fouude in that lande but he, the said person so seazed of suche oare, stone, or other matter of com- moditie, shall w''' all speade or so sone as he cane detecte the same and make deliverey therof to yo"" selfe or yo'' Lieutenaunte Generall upon payne to forfite for evcrye ounce therof the valewe trible of any wages he is to receave after the daye of suche ofi'ence committed, and further to receave suche punishcment as to hir Ma"'' shall seme good. Item, or will is that you shall cause a recorde dilligentlye to be kept in wryttyng of all suchc oare, myncralls, stones and other matters of vallew gotten or founde in that countrie, aswell of the time and place and places when or whear all and everye suche oare, minerall and other matter of suche vallewe is or shulbe founde or gotten, as also some j)arte, portion or example of all and everye the said oares, myneralls and other matter of vallewe in apte and peculiar boxes cause to be re- served w''' theire due titles and notificacones. And further cause dulye to be layed uppe in the said boxes the severall rates and trycd valua- cions of all assayes ther made of any the foresaid oaves and niyneralles, ' [lluvinp;o tliem], T,ortl 13urU'it,'b's liaii.1. - [llir Mut'eJ altered to us, but alteroil back again by Lord Burleigh, FOR IMF, TIIIUI) VOYAOK. 217 A ilonhle of tblH liixik tu biJ Ill'iiln, Hiid hriiii);lil liniiic III iin other Hlilpp. and all those foresaid boxes so furnished and distinctlie noted at yor rcatorno to the citie of Loudon you shall deliver or cause to bo delivered to the tresorer of the corapanyc of adventurers for those northowestc affiiyres, as well for the better directione and dcalingo heare after w^' any the foresaid oares or myncralles ther as for the better and speedie account and reckinge, makinge in grosso heare at home of the valewe of suchc quantitie or masse as any of them shall hether be brought. And of these doinges make two bookos, to bo kept in ij scverall shyps. Item, that the marioners of all the hired shippes imployed in this sirvice shall gcve, joyntlyo rv"' all the other companies of o"" owne shipps, iij or iiij dayos travail and labor towardcs thiutrenchinge and fortifiinge of the place, wher tho leutenante generall w''i his charge shall remayne to inhabite there. item, that you shall make yo"" directo course from hence as ncare as ^ , |^ j„„. you cane, w^'' all suche shippes as passe under yo'' government, to the tey'iinun ye land now called Metn Incoijnita, and their lade 8U0 toones, or so muche IikLmi in more as the shippes of retorne cane safflio carrie of suche oare as you fii'.or i ii'ur-'' / alredic have founde ther this last yearc, or rather richer yf you cane '''*-''' J fynd the same. And so havingo laden your shippes w"'' the .said nomber of 800 tonne •/ u.jTq, as is aforesaid, shall make yc direct course frome thence into this realrae of England into the river of Thames, where the shippes be appoynted to be unladen of the .same. Item, that everye capten and m'' of every shippe ai)poynted in this voyage shall joyntlie under their handes writingo by indenture deliver unto you a note and estiraacone of suche nomber of toones of oare or other matter of vallew as they shall receve into their shippes theire. And all the sam^ indentures to be registred in one booke, wherof iij copies to be made, and to be put in iij scverall shypes to be delyvred to the tresorer of the corape at retorne home of the shypps. That a minister or twoo do go in this jorney to use ministration of devyno service and sacraments, accordyng to ye churche of England, Nota, yt the victalls, munitions and other thynges to be carryed to be equally distributed into ya shippes, for dout of miscarrying of some of tleii.e. \ iva, in yor waye outward bound, yf if wylbe no hynderans to the rcHt of yor voyage, you shall doo yo'' cndevour to dyskover the new laud, supposed to be Ffryzeland, and to gett the best knowledge that you can of the state and nature therof. And yf you cannot con- veniently doo it in yo"" waye outward bound, then doo your attempt h . . . . in yo'" waye homeward bound at retorne yf the same may be dou(! convenieutlyc. Item, when you shall passe, etc. Item, that yf there should happen any person or persons ymployed in Vn lincik t . lie iMili'iilC'l (F.ciid liiir leiyli.) (I.nrd liiir- leii;li.l 218 STATR I'ArKHS UKLATIVK TO THE OUTFIT chis Hcrvico, of what culling or comlition ho or they shall be, should coriHpiro or attcmpto privatlie or pul>likIio any treason, mutanio or other ile.sonler, either towchingo the takin^jo awiiio of yor owne life or any other of aucthoritie under yo", wliereliy her Ma'*'^ service in this voyaf,'e nii{;ht therhy 1)0 over throwen and ympu^ned, We will therforo that upon justo prooiFe made of any such treasons, mutanio or other desordcrs attempted as aforesaid, the same shalbo punished by you or yC lieutenant gencrall, etc.,' w^h are severally wryttcu in paper included in baw'cs of wax, sealed w"' her IMa"'" signet, and jxit into two scverail boxes, locketl w"' iij severall keys, wherof one key in yo^ custodie, and one in custodie of Kd- ward Fcnton, and another in custodie of Christofer Ilawllo. And the same two boxes to be put in ij severall shyps, to saye, one boxe in the Aijde, and the other in the ship where yo"" lieutenaunt gencrall shall passe. Item, for the succession of the lieutenant gencrall of those c men w^ti shall reinayno and inhabito there, there bo named iij parsons to succcdc in order and manor as is sett downo before in the Article for the succession of the gencrall. Item, that there be made a doblc of this Commyssion to rcmayuc wi'' the lieutenant gencrall. Indorsed, 1578. Commyssion instructions to Mr. Ffurljusher to goo to sea, No. 1578. IColonud, 127. State Papers. Domestic Eliz., Vol. 12!), No. 30.J THE INVENTAHIE OF THE SUYP AYDE. (2d page.) The Inventarie of the shippo Ayde made the 10th of Fcbruaryo, 157l. In primis her furniture as she was bought of the (Queues Ma''o in Aprille, ir.77. In primis, the bowsprite w^'i ij double pullies and iij shevers of bras. The Bolt Sprite. — Item the yardc ; the saylle (worne) : the hallyares w^'' ij pullies cocked w^'' brasse ; the lifts w"-'' iiij puUes ; the braces, w"^'' 2 puUes, ; the shcate, w^'' pendannts ; the ij shankes paynters w^'' chaynes ; a boult, a collar and chaynes of irone j the mayne staye ; the davctte w"> a claspe of irone ; ij shevers of brasse to the davetts a grap- nell w"' chayne Host) Catts a false tyre for the spritte saile; the clewlynes. The Fore-maste. — Item the mast w'l' a shiver of brase in the heade ; the fore topp not ; the yard w^'' gror -ts ; a swifter one aside w^'' iiij puUyes, worne ; the saylle viz., corse and bonnet, iij parts worne ; ij pendants on a sydo w''' iiij pullcs, one shevercd, and one cocked ; ij takels one a syde y/^^ iiij pules iij coked w"' brasse ; vj shroudes on a ' There is nothing lost lure. Tlio jjcrson wlio drew up this draft has re- written this passage to make it mure clear. Foil TIIK Tllinn VOYAOH. 219 aydo ; the stayo ; tho lyftcs w'h iiij pullics ; the tyc, wornc ; the hall- yarcs w''' one shcvcr of braso in the raincH head and ij cocked in the ramo hcdd ; tho parell w"" lanycrs and brcst ropes ; ij trusses w"'' ij i)ulio9 j ij liowlines (worne), w''' a dol)le hlockc and ij sliyvers of bras ; the braces wf' iiij pulles (worne) ; tho sheuts w^'' ij puUes cocked w''' bras j tho Hhivcrs of brasse in tho shippea side (none) ; tho tacks (oao of them ncwe) ; the martenetts ; tho botts taclo w"' iij shyvers of bras. TliC fore tope muste. — Item, tho toppe niasto w'h a cocko of brasso in the heado ; tho yarde ; the sp.ylle (iij parts worne) ; j taclo on a sido w"| iiij pulles ; iiij shroudes on a side ; iiij puttocks on a sydo ; tho stayo and back.itayo ; tho tye and haliiers w"' ij |iullies one shevercd and ono cocked w^'' brasse ; the liftes w"' iiij pulles ; the sheates ; the parell, broken, laniers and brest ropes ; the trusc w''' ij pulles ; tho boulinos wi'' ono doblo (polle) ; the braces w"^'' iiij polios ; the clulines w"' ij pulles ; j crane line, ba'j;c and one pendante pulle. Tlie muijne lauste, — Item, the masto w''' ij shivers of bras in the heado (the uiayne topp nawght) ; tho y.ird w'^ grometts and stapells (broken and nawght) ; tho saylle, viz., corse and bonnetto (good) ; tho drabler (ncwe) ; j swifter on a side w''' iiij pulles (iij parts worne) ; iij pendants one a side W' vj pulles on a shever of brasse, and ij shevers of l)rasse for the botts tacle (tho tackles worne) ; iij tackells on a side w^h xij pulles, iij cocked w
  • a bracke ; a bed sted and a table in the captaincs cabbinc, the table broken ; a payre of bilbowes w"' vj shakells; a grinstone vvf' spindle and wiiichc of irone; a coper kettell ; ij mcate kettclls, one very smallc ; a barrc w''' a chayne and iij hockcs in the cooke rome to hange the kettell one; but iij ankers, ankers great, iiij ; cables of xij ynches that the shijjc i.s morcd by, ij ; cables of xj ynches — iij, ij of thcni nevve, one of the ij of 13 inches, one of them a juncke and cut ; cables of x ynches, j halfe worne ; cables of viij ynches for a botte rope, j halfe worn ; cables of vj ynches, j newe, .^^pent and gone ; geste ropes of v ynches, j halfe worne ; condinge hausers of v ynches, j ; hausers of v ynches, j ; fat>) (fathoms I) of a hauser of v ynches, x fathom ; ^ britton tackell w^'' iiiij shcvers of brasse and one of irone coked w^'' iij blocks and j pcmlante taclc, j ; boye ropes, j ; catto ropes, ij worne ; faeks of coylle of iij ynches, x fcthem ; peces of coyles of ynches and ynches and halfe, iij peces ; llaggs of Sainte George, j worne : compasses, ij ; runnyngc glasses, j nawght ; soundinge lynes, ij ; soundinge leados, iij, ij ; bucketts, ij ; boules, iiij ; shovelles, iiij ; skoppes, ij ; spare pulles great and small, vj, ij coked w"i brasse ; niar- lienes, ij bundells ; ratline, shyvcs ; twine, x" ; item, uoults of niid- drcmaxo, iiij ; calappes, v ; piche pottes, j nawght ; fisho hokes, ij ; leache hokes, ij, j ; loft'o hokes, iiij ; balieste basketts, ij ; canne hokes, j pare ; fides, ij ; boyes, iiij, iij ; catte hokes sheverod w''' brasse, ij. Summa of all, w"'' coste . . " . . viij<' 1'' And the ordenans and munition aperiuge hereafter, w«'' coste ..... Summa of all this shipp as ytt cost, amounteth We doo thincke that the foresaid ship, w^'» her masts, yards, sayljs, anckers, cables, and other taikle and apparell '.onteined in particulers before sett downe in this boo'k, so as the saume may be dely vered according- lie, to be wortho .... Item, more for v peces of brasse in this book a.'"ter specy- fied aiuongu the ordenance and munitions, beingc ij mynious, and iij" fawcons, weyingc iiiji"''' v<^ xviij" waight, at iij" p"" c', cxxxv" x" And more for v iij"! xlv" xjc iiij XX xv(i vij'' I'OR Tlir, 'IHIKI) VOYAOK. OOl XVJi cariadges pcrtcineinge to the saidc peces pr estima- tion, iij" vj' viij'' .... cxxxviij" xvj« viijJ Suinma totalis . . viij'' xxxviij" xvj" viijJ (Signed) W. Winter. Will'" Ilolstok. The rest of th' ordenance and munitions, in this inveutorye we tiiinck them nott mete, for the Quenos Ma'''". (The above letter is crossed off in the original.) The xxiij ' of Februarie, ITiTS. We doe thinck yf the foresail! ship, wi'" her masts, yards, sailes, anckcrs, calilcs, and other talkie and apparcll contcned in particulars, l)cfore sett downe in this book, so as the same may be delivered according- lic, to be worthc .... dec'' We doe also thinck y' the v pcccs of brasse in this book aftc spccefied, amonge the ordenance, to be worthe the monyo they are rated at, and racto for her Ma^'" W' tlior V cariadges, pertaining to them, w"'' dothe amount unto the some of . . . cxxxij'' ij« xj'' Totalis . dcccxxxij" ij" xj'' And as touchinge th' other ordenance, and munitions conteyned in this inventoryc, we doe not thinck them mete for her highness. (Signed) W. Wynter. Will"" Ilolstok. More the ordenances and mimitiou put into the shippe, after she was l)rought w^^ dide cost as followcth : — Ordenans of brasse Mynyones, ij waingo 22<'«t. 2'i" 4'i'' at 3'' per cwt. , £67 13 4 Fawcons, i waingo T'^'- 2'i''^- 14"'- at 3'' per cwt. . £22 17 6 Kaucons, ij wainge IT)''"'- at 40" S' por cwt. . . £Zd And for the carriages of all 5 peces . . . £0 13 4 £132 4 2 Of cast yrone. iSacres, viij waingo . . . .'i'on 12pwt. Mynyons, j wainge . . . Unwt. Fawcons, v wainge . . . 2'"" 2c"'- Summa . . 8""' fl^wt. At £12 a ton And for 14 carriages, all . Fowles, vj . . ) Chambers to them, xij . J '^""^""^ ^^ ^''' 1^*-''-° ' Munition, as followeth: — (•wt. qrn. Ihg Sacre shot, round, ij'vij . . . 10 1 (i Fawcone shoto, rounde, Ixix . .12 4 i'9!) 17 13 4 30 222 STATE PAPERS RELATIVE TO THE OUTFIT Colveringo shot, rounde, xix Mynion shot, rounde, xvij . Summe waing . At 10 shillings the cwt. Crosbar shotte. For sacres, xlix . For fawcone, xxvij For mynione, xj . Summe . At xxiij" per cwt. Chayne shotte. For sacres, 14 For fawcone, 7 1 2 4 2 14 i;j 3 18 cwt. i|rs. lbs. 3 1 1 1 2 14 5 14 cwt. qrs. lbs. 1 1 1 Summe . . I At xxiij* . . , . Stone shote. For fowlers, liij, at xij'' . , . Ladells w''> staves for sacres and mynion, 15, at xij'J Sponges and staves for sacre, mynion, and faucon, 12, at AJj"" ...... Rammer staves, 20, at 8'^ . Formers for sacre, mynion, and fawcone, 3, at G' Armo., and weapon, and munitione. Calivers, 38, whcrof 6 w^'out stoks. Flaskes, 16 . ^ Toche boxes, 10 . ( at 13''' 4^ . . . Moldes, 20 . ) Matche skines, weyinge cc''"' at 16 shillings the c Bowes of ewe, 25, at 3^'' 8'' . Shcfcs of arowes, xlv, at 2'*'» Bow stringcs, dossen, vij, at 8'' I'artezans, iiij, at 13"'' 4'' Blackc byllcs, xvj, at xij'^ . Pykes, 5, at 2"'' . Crowes of yrone, 9, at 4'''' Trunkes of wyldc fyer, ij, at 5'*'' Balles, wilde fyer, 15, at 3''' Arowes, wilde fyer, 11, at 1*'' Pykes, wilde fyer, 5, at 5'<'' . A drylle, j, at . Tiiinpyous, 2i), at 1'' pece liG 18 115 18 !i] 8 6 (il 13 no 15 liO 12 Ho 13 4 liO 1 6 li25 6 8 in 12 lU 11 8 HA 10 liO 4 8 li2 13 4 no 16 no 10 ni 16 no 10 n2 5 no 11 ni 5 //(» 1 no -2 a FOR THE TllIRU VOYAGE. 223 A gowge, j, at . (Jhjssells, iiij, at dJ . » Peckers for stone shot, j, at . A sleilgc, j, at Spare trockells, ix, at 12'' a pare Summe this sydc The last syde Summe of all this, which costo liO 6 HO 2 HO 6 ^tO 2 no 4 IW.i 5 8 li295 15 ;;345 8 8 G I 6 8 12 11 8 10 4 8 1:5 4 10 10 U! 10 '") 11 5 1 .) () [Colonial, 133. Domestic Eliz., cxxx, No. 10.] MARCH 20^^", 1578. VUOM MR. TIIO. ALLAN. THK "GABRIEIl" PRICED AT LXXX£. MANYE THYNGS IN LOCKES HANBES TO BE SOULD AND TO REE CALLED TO HIS REARE ACCOM PT. My dewtie remembred : hit maye please youre honor to undarstando that I have rcceved ij letters this daye from youre honor, the one towchingc tl j ordenancc to he soldo, the other for the G 'iryell, wch letters I ansurc. The ordenance ys solde by the bryngar hereof to one Clement Draper for xij'' the towne, rcdye monye, as he saythe to me, he havingo a lysence to transcporte the same, wich lysence yt maye please your honor to sonde, and then the monye shalbe recevcd by mo, and pado owte agayne to these men. Ilavinge some asystance vi^^ me of the comyssioners at the payment there of wiche I desire to have IFor my dyscharge acordinge to ordar. Andc for the Oabryell, she was prascd by Mr. Locke and others at one hundrethe and li pounds. I sawo yt to moche. I browght hire dowi.. to c'' ; yet no mane wyll by here at that prycc, so I have offered hire iiii^x'i, and that I do here that Mr. Furbusher haytho byden for hire ; but I thingke redye monye ys owte of the waye w^'' hymc, so I sent Clynton to knowe whether he wolde have hire or no, or else I wolde yt myght please youre honor that Sr Nycolas Malbe maye have hire, and paye vs this monye I thingke well of yt. S'', I wolde these men weare pade; I ame sore trebled wt^'' them; youre honor sonde them to me they sayc, and youre honor knowythe I have no monye to paye them. I have had iij fytes of an agoo ; Gode sunde nie to be quyte of yt. This is the gayne I do posesc by foUoyng of this besynes. Sr, there ys manye things to sell yett, wiche do lye and arc in Mr. Lockes kepinge, and there ys no mane taketh charge or care of them, and what he can sell he doythe, but pay the no mane a penye. It weare very goode that youre honor wolde commande that all things myght be solde owte of hande by a daie, and that Mr. Locke myght be 224 STATK I'APKUS HI-.LATIVK TO THE OUTFIT tlyschargcd, and that he myght then bryngke in his rcare acounte, and so to dcalo w^i' hym, for that he doytho owe to the com[)anye, that men myght be pade, and that yourc honor myght certenly knowe what ys yet owynge to men, and agayn what ys owingc to vs to dyscharge them, for yt doythe lyngar to longe for oure proffyt. This I take my leave of youre honor, wryten this xx" of Marche, 1578. Your honars to comavnde, Thomas Allen. To the Right Honorable S"" Frances AValsingham, Knyght and prensepall Secretorye to the Queues Ma^'^'. 20 March, 1678. [Colonial, 95. Domestic Eliz, THESE HAVE NOT PAYD Til My Lord Admirall My Lord Tresorer My Lord Chamberlan My Lord Leycestcr My Lady Warrwyk Mr. Secretarie Wulsingham My Lady Anne Talbot Sr John Brockett Sr William Wyntar S'' Leoncll Duckett Mr. William Pcllham Mr. Thomas Randolphe Mr. Edward Dyar Mr. Somers . Mr. Coyar . Anthony Juukynson Jeffrey Turvyle William Paintar Richard Cowland Mathew Fild Thomas AUyn Robert Martin Christofer Androwes Sf Thomas Grcsham Martin Furbushcr My Lord Camberlau, Whaterton Thomas Owen , cxxiv, No. 2.] E 3 MAY 1578. SUik I! . ^135 iildingcs. £20 . £35 . £135 £20 . £202 10 £30 . £32 10 . £G2 13 £38 15 £5 . £43 15 . £250 £40 . £67 10 . £67 10 £1(> . £67 10 . £33 15 £5 £10 . £33 15 £5 £67 10 £10 . £67 10 £10 . £67 10 £10 £67 10 £10 . £32 10 . £67 10 £10 . £33 15 £5 . £33 15 £5 . £70 £40 . £67 10 £10 . £67 10 no £1876 £260 . £33 15 £5 THE THIRDE VOYAGE OF CAPTAINE FRO- J3ISIIER, PRETENDED FOR THE DISCO VERIE OF CATAYA, BY META INCOGNITA. ANNO DO. 1578.* The Gcncrall being returned from the second voyage, im- mediatlye after hys arrival in Englandc repayred with all haste to the Court, being then at Windsore, to advertise hir ]\Iajcstie of his prosperous proceeding, and good succcssc in this lastc voyage, and of the plenty of gold ore, with other matters of importance which he haddc in these Scptentrionall partes discovered. He was courteously entertcyned, and , luutily welcomed of many noble men, but especially for his great adventure commended of hir Majestic, at whose hands Krobisi.pr , , 111 • ODriiiiifiriiled he rccevved great thanks, and most sr^'itious countenance, nfiiir according to his deserts. Hir Ilighncsse also greatly com- mended the rest of the gentlemen in this service, for their greac forwardncs in this so dangerous toyling and painefull attempte : but espcciallyc she praysed and rejoiced, that The genti men eum- among them there was so good order of govcrncment, so 'nenJed. good agreement, everye man so ready in his calling, to do whatsoever the Gcncrall should commando, which due com- mendation gratiously of hir Majestic rcmembrcd, gave so gicate encouragement to all the captaincs and gentlemen, that they, to continue hir highnessc so good and honorable opinion of them, have since neither spared laboure, limme, nor life, to bring this matter (so well begon) to a happie and prosperous ende. And finding, that the matter of the gold ore had appearance and made shew of great riches and pro- tite, and the hope of y" jiassagc to Cataya, by this last voyage * Another account of this voyage was written by Thomas Ellis. ^26 THE Tin HI) VOYAOIi; cthcr discovcry of the inland and sccreats of those the pftSRftge •' to cntiija. countries, and also for further search of y® passage to Cataya (wherof the hope continually more and more encrcaseth) that certain numbers of chosen soldiers and discrecte men for those purposes should be assigned to inhabite there. Where- Afnrtotobe upon tlicrc was a strong forte or house of timber, artificially built in ' , " ^ 'J Mela ill- framed, and cunningly devised by a notable learned man here at home, in ships to be carryed thither, whcrby those men that were appointed there to winter and make their abode y® whole yeare, might as wel be defended from the danger of y'' falling snow and coldc ayre, as also to be fortified from the force or offence of those countrie people, which perhaps otherwise with too greate companycs and multitudes OF CAPTAIN FROniSIlER. 227 might oppresse them. And to this greate adventure and notable exploit, many well minded and forward yong gentle- men of our countrey willingly have offered themselves. And first Captaine Fenton, Lieutenant Gcncrall for Captaine Frobisher, and in charge of the company with him there, Captaine Beste, and Captaine Filpot, unto whose good dis- cretions the government of that service was chiefly com- mended, who, as men not regarding perill in respect of the profitc and common wealth of their countrie, were willing to abide the firste brunte and adventure of those daungers among a savage and brutishe kinde of people, in a place hitherto ever thought for extreme cold not habitable. The whole number of men whiche had offered, and were appointed to inhabite Meta Incognita al the yeare, were one hundreth a lumdreth <^ •' ' nien ap- persons, whcrof xl shouldc be marriners, for the use of ships, {Xlbu ^^ oO miners for gathcringe the goldc ore togyther for the nexte ""*' yeare, and 30 souldiers for the better guarde of the restc, within which last number are included the gentlemen, gold- finerSj bakers, carpenters and all neecssarye persons. To cche of ye captaines was assigned one ship, as well for the further searching of the coast and countrie there, as for to returne and bring backe their companies againe, if the nccessitie of the place so urged, or by miscarying of the fleete in the yeare following, they mighte be disappointed of their further provision. Being therefore thus furnished with all necessaries, there were ready to depart upon the said voyage xv sayle of good Kifieene shippes, whereof the whole number was to returne agayne with their loadinge of gold ore in the end of the sommer, except those three bhips, which should be left for the use of those captaynes whiche should inhabite there the whole yeare. And being in so good readynesse, the Generall, with all the captaynes came to the court, then lying at Grecne- wich, to take their leave of hir JNIajcstic, at whose hands they all receyvcd greate encouragemcnte and gracious coun- q2 228 TIIR THIRD VOYAGR tenance. II ir Ilighnesse, besides other good giftcs, and A ciiByne of greater promises, bestowed on the Gcnerall a fairc cheync RolJ given ,. i, 11 n , . i-ii-ii 1 t.) I'lo- 01 fcoul, and the rest or the captaines kissed hir hande, tooke bishor. . their leave, and departed every man towardcs their charge. THE NAMES OF THE SHIPPES, WITH THEIR SEVERALL CATTAYNES. Captaync Frobisher. 1. In the ^yc/e being Admirall was ") the Generall - - j 2. In the Tho. Allen, Viceadmirall Ca. Yorke. 3. In the Judith, Lieutenant Generall Ca. Fenton. Ca. Best. Ca. Curew. Ca. Filpot. Ca. Tanfield. Ca. Courtney. Ca. Moylcp. Ca. Upcot. Ca. Newton Ca. Randal. Ca. Kendall. Ca. Harvey. Ca. Kinnersley. 4. In the Anne Frances - 5. In the Hopewell 6. In the Beare 7. In the Thomas, of Ipswich a. In the Emanuell, of Exceter 9. In the Frances, of Foy 10. In the Moone - 11. In the JS'ma, of Bridgewater 12. In the Salomon, of Weymouth 13. In the barkc Dennis - 14. In the Gahriell 15. In the Michaell The sayd xv sayle of shippes arrived and mette togyther at Harwitch, the seauen and twentith day of May, anno 1578, where the Generall and the other Captaynes made view, and mustered theyr companyes. And every severall Captaine receyved from the Generall certayne articles of direction, for the better keeping of order and company to- gitlier in the way, which articles are as followeth : — Articles and orders to be observed for the fleete, set downe by Captaync Frobisher, Gcnerall, and delivered in writing to every Captaync, as well for keeping company as for the course, the 31 of May. 1. Inprimis, to bauishe swearinge, dice, and card-playing. OF CAPTAIN FlU)niSH?:R. 22J) lowne the and filthy communication, and to serve God twice a day, with the ordinarie service, usuall in churches of England, and to clcare the glasse,* according to the old order of England. 2. The Admirall shall carric the light, and after his light be once put out, no man to go a head of liim, but every man to fitte his sayles to follow as ncere as they may, with- out dangering one another. 3. That no man shall by day or by night depart further from the Admirall than the distance of one English mile and as ncere as they may withoutc daunger one of another. 4. If it chance to growe thicke and the wind contraric, eyther by daye or by night, that the Admirall be forced to cast aboute, before hir casting aboute, she shal gyve warn- ing by shooting off a pecce, and to him shall answere the Vize-admirall and the Rcre- admirall with every one of them a peece, if it be by nighte or in a fogge, and that the Vize- admirall shall aunswerc firstc and the Rcre-admirall last. 5. That no man in the fleetc descrying any sayle or sayles, give uppon anye occasion anye chace, before he have spoken with the Admirall. G. That everye evening all the flecte come uppe and spcake with che Admirall at seaven of the clocke, or be- tweene that and eyght, and if weather will not serve them all to speake with the Admirall, then some shall come to the Vize-admirall, and receyve your order of your course of Maister Hall, chiefe pylot of the flecte, as he shall direct you. 7. If to any man in the flecte there happen any mischance, they shall presently shoote off two pccccs by day, and if it be by night two pceccs, and shew two lightes. 8. If any man in y^ flecte come up in y" night, and hale his fellow, knowing him not, he shall give him this watch- • In Earl Essex's expedition to Cadiz, Dr. Marbeck records that " to in- culcate discipline and subordination, and to impress the sacrinlness of their cause, the Lord Admiral had service performed three times a day, in ihe niornin;^, in the evening, and at bed-time, at the clearing of the glasse. In ISlanekley's Naval Expositor, 1750, under "Glasses Wutcii," will be found " Being fouihours governs them at sea for ehauiging the watch." mm 230 THE THIRD VOYAGE word, Before the world waa God. The other shall aunswcre him, if he be one of our flcete, After God, came Christ, his Sonne. So that if anye be founde amongst us, not of oure owne company, he that firste dcscrycth anye suche saylc or sayles shall give warning to the Admirall by himsclfe or any other that he can spcake to that sailes better than he, being necrcst unto him. 9. That every ship in the flcete in the time of foggcs, whiche continually happen with little winds and most parte calmcs, shall kcepe a reasonable noyse with trumpet, drumme, or otherwise to kcepe themselves clccre one of another. 10. If it fall out thicke or misty that we lay it to hull, the Admirall shall give warning by a peece, and putting out three lightes one over another, to the endc that every man may take in his sayles, and at his setting of sayles agaync do the like, if it be not cleare. ] 1. If any man discover land by nighte, that he give the like warning that he doth for mischances, two lightes and two peeces, if it be by day one peece, and putte out hys flaggc and strike all his sayles he hath aboorde. 12. If any shyppe shall happen to lose company by force of weather, then anye suche shippe or shippcs shall gctte hir into the latitude of and so keep that latitude, untyll they gctte Frcesclandc. And after they be past the west partes of Frcesclandc, they shall gctte them into the latitude of and and not to the northwarde of and beeing once cntrcd within the straytcs, all suclie shippes shall cverye watche shoote off a good peece, and lookc out well for smoke and fire, whych those that gctte in first shall make every night, untill all the flcete bee come togithcr. 13. That uppon the sighte cf an cnsignc in the mast of the Admirall, a pccce shotte of the whole flcete shall rcpaire to the Admirall, to understande such conference as the Generall is to have with them. 14. If we chance to meet with any enemies, that foure shippcs shall attend uppon the Admirall, viz.— the Frances OF CAPTAIN I'llOHISHEU. 231 of Foy, the Moone, the barke Dennis, and the Gabricll : and fourc upon my Lieutenant Gcncrall in the Judith, viz. — the Ilopciocll, the Armcnall, the Beare, and the Salomon: and the other foure upon the Vize-admirall — the Anne Frances, the Thovuts of Ipswich, the Emanuell, and the 3IichaclL 15. If there happen any disordered person in the fleete, that he be taken and kept in safe custodie until he may con- veniently be brought aboorde the Admindl, and there to receive such punishment as his or their oft'ences shal deserve. By me, Martin e Fkobisher. force gcttc fourc ranees OURE DKrAUTURE FROM ENGLAND. Having received these articles of direction, we departed from Harwich the one and thirtith of May ; and, sayling alongst the south partes of England westward, wee at length came by the coast of Ireland, at Cape Clcare, the sixth of June, and gave chace there to a small barke, which was supposed to be a pyrat or rover on the seas ; but it fell out in deede that they were poore men of Bristowe, who hadde mette with suchc company of Frenchmen as had spoylcd and slayne manye of them, and left the rest so sore wounded that they were lyke to pcrishe in the sea, havyng neyther hande nor foote hole, to helpe themselves withall, nor victuals to susteyne theyr hungrie bodyes. Oure Generall, who well understandeth the office of a souldioure and an Englishman, and knoweth well what the necessity of thcAp,,ftjit. sea meaneth, pitying much y" miserie of the poore men, re- * " leived them with surgcrie and salves, to heale their hurtes, and with meate and drinke to comfort their pining hartes. Some of them having neither eatc nor drinke more than olives and stinking water in many days before (as they re- ported). And after this good deed done, havinge a large winde, we kept our course uppon our sayde voyage withoute staying for the taking in of freshe water or any other pro- 232 TIIK TIIIUI) VOYAOK Miiikn thjH Glll'lUllt. WcRBt Knglnnd. vision, whereof many of the flcctc were not thorouf^hly furnislicd (and sayling towardes the north-west partes from IrcLind, wc mcttc with a great currantc from outc of the south-west, which carryed us (by our reckoning) one point to the north-cstwardes of our said course, which currant seemed to us to continue itselfe towards Norway and other the north-cast partes of the world, whereby we may be in- duced to believe that this is the same whiche the Portugallcs meetc at Capo d'Buona Speranza, where, striking over from thence to the Straytes of IMagcllanes, and finding no passage there for the narrowncssc of the sayde Straytes, runnctii alongst into the greate Bay of Mexico, where, also having a let of lande it is forced to strike backc agayne towardes the north-east, as we not only heere, but in another place also, fur- ther to the northwardcs, by good experience this yeare have founde, as shall be hcereaftcr in his place more at large declared. Nowe had wee sayled aboute fou.ctccne daycs withoute sight of any land or any other living thing, except certaync fowles, as wylmots, nodies, guiles, etc., whiche there secmc only to live by sea. The twentith of June, at two of the clockc in the morning, the Generall descrycd land and found it to be Weast Freese- lande, now named AVcast England. Ilecrc the Generall and other gentlemen wentc ashoare, being the fyrste knowen Christians that we have true notice of, that ever set foote upon that ground ; and therefore the Generall tokc posses- sion thereof to the use of our Sovcraigne Lady the Qucenes JNIajcstic, and discovered heere a goodly harboroagh for the shippes, where were also ccrtaine little boats of that coun- trey. And being there landed, they espied certayne tents and people of that countrey which were (as they judge) in all sortes, very like those of Meta Incognita, as by theyr apparcU and other things wliych we found in theyr tentcs appeared. The savage and simple people, so soone as they percey vcd OF CAPTAIN FHOUISUKR, 2'.i3 our men comnunpj towardcs them (supposing there luul bin no other worldc but theirs), flcddc fearfully away, ns men muchc amazed at so strange a sight, and creatures of humane shape, so farre in apparell, eomplexion, and other things differentc from themscdves. They left in their tents all their furniture for haste behindc them, where, amongst other things, were founde a boxc of small nayles and certaino redde hearings, boordes of firrc tree well cutte, with dyvcrs other things artificially wrougiitc, whereby it appeareth that they have trade with some civill j)eoplc, or else arc in deedc themselves artificiall workemen. Ourc mcnne broughtc awayc wyth them onelyc two of theyr dogges, leaving in recompcnce belles, looking glasses, and dyvers of oure countrey toyes behynde them. This countrie no doubtc promiscth good hope of great commoditie and riches, if it maye be well discovered. 'J"he description whereof you shall finde more at large in my seconde booke, page 5. Some are of opinion that this Weast Englande is firme land with the north-cast partes of Meta Incognita, or else with Gronclande. A. id their reason is, bicause the people, apparell, boates, and other things are so like to theirs ; and ani)ther reason is, the multitude of islands of ise whychc lay betweene it and Meta Incognita, doeth argue, that on the north side there is a bay, whych cannot be but by conjoining of these two landes togither. And havingc a fayre and large windc, wee departed from thence towardes Frobyshers Straites, the three and twentith of June. But fyrste we gave name to a hyghe cliffc in Weast England, the laste that was in oure sight, and for a ccrtaine similitude we called it Charingc Crosse. Then we ( imiing CrosBc. bare southerly towardes the sea, bycause to the northwardes of this coaste wee mctte wyth niuclie driving ise, whiclie by reason of the thicke miates and weather might have bin some trouble unto us. 234 THE THIRD VOYAGK A wli.ale Htroko 11 ship. Frobishera slriiitcs (•111 Ufil up Willi ice. Si>"e wnlc oiuiiiot \ fi'uttue. On Monclity, the laste of June, wee mette with manye greate whales, as they hackle beene porposes. This same clay the Salamander being under both hir corses and bonets, hapned to strike a greate whale with hir full stemme, wyth such a blow, that the ship stoode stil and stirred neither forwarde nor backward. The whale thereat made a great and ugly noise, and caste up his body and tayle, and so went under water, and within two dayes after there was foundc a greate whale dead, swimminj^ Tvbove water, which we supposed was that the Salamander stroke. The seconde daye of July, early in the morning, wee had sight of the Queenes Forelande, and bare in with the lande all the daye, and passing thorow great quantitie of ise by nighte, were entered somewhat within the straites, per- cieving no waye to passe further in, the whole place being frosen over from the one side to the other, and as it were with many wallcs, mountaines, and bulwarkes of ysc, choakcd uppe the passage, and denied us entrance. And yet do 1 not thinke that this passage or the sea hercaboutcs, is frosen over at any time of the yeare ; albeit it seemed so unto us by the abundance of ise gathered together, whyche occupycd the whole place. But I do rather suppose these ise to be bredde in the hollowe soundcs and freshets there- aboutes, whyche, by the heate of the sommers sunne beeing loosed, doe emptic themselves wyth the cbbes into the sea, and so gather in great abundance there togither. And to speake somewhat here of the auncient opinion of the frosen sea in these partes, I doe thinke it to be rather a bare conjecture of menne, than that ever anye manne hatho made experience of anye such soa. And that whiche they speake of Mare Glaciale may be truly thought lo be spoken of these parts ; for this inaye well be called indeede the Ysie Sea, but not the Frosen Sea, for no sea consisting of salte water can be frosen, as I have more at large herein shewed my opinion in my seconde booke, page G ; for it seemcth im- OF CAPTAIN FUOniSIIER. 235 possible for any sea to be frozen which hath his course of ebbing and flowing, cspeciallye in those places where the tides doc ebbe and flowc above tonne fadome. And also all these aforesaide :'se, which we sometime met a hundreth mile from lande, beirg gathered out of the salt sea, are in taste fresh, and being dissolved, become sweet and holesomc water. The cause why thys yeare we have bernc more combred with ise (than at other times before) may be by reason of the easterly and southerly windes, whyche brought us more timely thither now than we looked for. Whiche blowing from the sea directlye uppon the place of our straites, hath kept in the ise, aiAl not suffered them to be caryed out by the ebbe to the mainc sea, where they woulde in more shorte time have l)ccn dissolved. And all those fleeting ise arc not onelyc so daungcrous, in that they winde and gather so neare togithcr that a man may passe sometimes tenne or twelve myles as it were uppon one lii me ilande of ise, but also for that they open and shutte togithcr againe in suchc sorte wyth the tydes and sea-gate, that whilest one shippc foUoweth the other wyth full sayles, the ise whyche was open unto the foremoste will joyne and close togyther be- Ibrc the latter can come to followe the fyrstc, whereby manye tymes ourc shippes were broughte into greate danger as becing not able so sodaincly to take in oure sayles, or staye the swifte way of oure shippes. We were forced manye tymes to stemme and strike great rockcs of ise, and so as it were make way through mightyc mountaines, by which means some of the flecte, where they foundc the yse to open, entred in, and passed bo farre with- in the daunger thereof, with continuall desire to recover their post, t.hat it was the greatest wonder of the world that they ever escaped safe, or were ever heard of againe. I'or even at this present, we missed two of the flcete, that is, the Jndif/i, wherein was the Lieutenant Generall C'aptaino Fenton, and the MichacU, whome both we supposed luidd« 230 THE THIUD VOYAiiK nork Iirnnyn Biiiik. bene utterlyc lost, having noi heard any tydlngs of them in moe than twcntie daycs afore. And one of our fleetc named the barke De7inys, being of an hundrcth tunnc burden, seeking way in amongst these ise, received such a blowe with a rocke of ise, that she sunke downe therewith, in the sighte of tlic whole flcctc. IIow- beit, having signified hir daunger by shooting of a pecce of great ordlnaunce, newe succour of other shippcs came so readily unto them, that the men were al saved with boates. Within this shippe that was drowned there was parcel of iiuuBc lout, our house, whiche was to be erected for them that shoulde stayc all the winter in iMeta Incognita. Thys was a more fcarcfull spectacle for the flc^ete to be- holde, for that the outragious storme, whiche prescntlyc followed, threatened them the like fortune and daunger. For the ficete being thus compassed (as aforesayde) on every side with ise, having left muchc bchynde them, through M'hich they had passed, and finding more before them, through which it was not possible to passe, there arose a sodaine and terrible tempest at the southeast, which blowing from the mayne sea directlye upon the place of the straytes, brought togither all the yse aseaborde of us upon our backs, and thereby debardc us of turninge backc to recover sea roome againe: so that being thus compassed with danger on every side, sundrie men with sundrie devises sought the best way to save themselves. Some of the shij , where they could find a place more cleare of ise, and get a little berth of sea roome, did take in their styles, and there lay adrift. Other some fastened and mored ancker uppon a great iland of ise, and roade under the lee thereof, supposing to be better garded thereby from the outrageous windcs and the daunger of the lesser fleeting ise. And againe some were so fast shut up and compassed in amongst an infinite number of great countreys and Hands of ise, that they were fayne to submit themselves arid their ships to the mcrcie of OF CAPTAIN B'ROIMSHER. 237 the unmcrcifuU isc, and strengthened the sides of their ships with junckes of caLlcs, beds, masts, pLinckes, and suchlike, wliichc being hanged overboord, on the sides of their shippes, mighte the better defende them from the outrage- ous sway and strokes of the said ise. But as in greatest distrcsse, men of best value are best to be discerned, so it is greatly worthy commendation and noting with what in- vincible mind every captayne encouraged his company, and with what incredible labour the paynefuU mariners and poore miners (unacquainted with suchc extremities), to the everlasting renoune of our nationj dyd overcome the brunt of these so greate and extreame daungers ; for some, even without boorde uppon the isc, and some within boorde, iippon the sides of their shippes, having poles, pikes, peeces of timber, and ores in their hands, stoode almost day and night, withoute anyc rest, bearing off the force, and break- ing the sway of the ise, with suche incredible payne and pcrill that it v/as wonderfuU to behold, which otherwise no doubt had striken quite through and through the sides of their shippes, notwithstanding our former provision; for plancks of timber, of more than three ynches ihick, and other things of greater force and bignesse, by the surging of the sea and billow, with the ise were shevercd and cutte in sunder at the sides of oure shippes, that it will seeme more than credible to be reported of And yet (that which is more) it is faythfully and playuely to be proved, and that l)y many substantiall witnesses, that our shippes, even those of greatest burdens, with the meeting of contrary waves of till; sea, were heaved up betweeiie ilandes of ise a foote wcl- ncere out of the sea above theii watermarke, having their knees and timbers within boorde both bowed and broken therewith. And amidst th(!sc extremes, whilest some laboured for de- fence of the chippes and sought to save their bodyes, other- some of more mylder spirit soughte to save the soulc by 238 THE THIRD VOYAGE dcvoutc prayer and mediation to tlic Almightic, thinking in- dcedc by no other mcanes possible than by a divine miracle to havo their deliverance ; so that there was none that were eythcr ydle or not well occui)icd, and hee that hclde him- solfe in best securitie had (God knoweth) but only bare hope reniayning for his best safetie. Thus all the gallant flcete and miserable men, without hope of ever getting forth agayne, distressed with these ex- tremities, rcmayncd heerc all the whole night and parte of the next day, excepting foure shippes, that is, the Amic Frcmccs, the Moonc, the Frances of Foy, and the Gahridl, which being somewhat a seaboorde of the flcete, and bccing fast ships, by a winde, having a more scope of cleere, i''ycd it out all the time of the stormc under sayle, bccyng hardly able to bcarc a coast of each. And albeit, by reason of the fleeting ise, whych were dispersed hccrc almost the whole sea over, they were broughte manye times to the extreamcst poynte of perill, mountaynes of ise tenne thousandc tymes scaping them scarce one ynch, whiche to have stricken, had bin thcjyr prcscnte destruction, considering the swiftc course and way of the shippcs, and the unwildynesse of them to stay and turne as a man would wish. Yet they esteemed it their better safetie, with such perill to secke scaroomc, than with- out hope of ever getting libertie, to lie striving against y° strcame, and beating amongst th isie mountaines, whose hugenesse, and monstrous grcatncssc was suche, that no man woulde credite, but such as to their paynes sawc and felt it. And these foure shippcs by the next day at noone, gote out to sea, and were fyrste cleere of the ise, who nowe enjoying thcyr own libertie, bcganne anew to sorrowe and fearc for their fellowes safeties. And devoutely kneeling aboute theyr mayne mast, gave unto God humble thanks, not only for themselves, but besought him lykewise highly for theyr friends deliverance. And even nowe, whilest amiddesl these OF CAPTAIN FKOlilSHER. 2.39 extremities, thys gallant flectc and valiant men were alto- f^ither«ovcr laboured, and forcwatchcd, with the long and fcarcfull continuance of the forcsayde dangers, it pleased God with his eyes of mercic to lookc downe from heaven, to scndo them help in good time, giving them the next daye a more favourable wind at the west northwest, whiche did not only disperse and drive forthe the ise before them, but also gave them libcrtie of more scope and searoomc, and were by night of the daye following perceyved of the other fourc shippcs, where to their greatest comfort they enjoyed agaync the fellowship of one another. Some in mending the sides of thcyr shippcs, some in setting up their toppe mastcs, and mending thcyr saylcs and tacklings. Agaync, some com- playning of thcyr false stemmc borne away, some in stopping their l(;akcs, some in recounting their dangers past, spent no small time and labour, that I dare well avouche, there were never men more daungerously distressed, nor more merci- fully by God's Providence delivered. And heere of both the torn shippcs, and the forwcerycd bodyes of the men arrived, doe bcarc most cvidcnte niarke and witness. And now the whole flectc plyed off to seaward, resolving there to abide, untill the sunne might consume (or the force of wind disperse) these ise from the place of thcyr passage : and becing a good berth off the shore, they took in their saylcs, and lay adrift. The scaventh of July, as men nothing yet dismayed, we cast about towards the inward, and had sigVitc of landc, which rose in forme like the northerlande of the straytcs, which some of the flectc, and those not the worst marriners, iudged to be the north forlandc : howbcit, other some were of contrary opinion. IJut the matter was not well to be (lisccrncd, by reason of the thickc foggc, whiche along tim<; hung uppon the coast, and the ncwc falling snowe which ycarcly altercth the shape of the land, and takcth away oftentimes the marriners markes. And by reason of the Aiiiitlinr ilKsllUlt. Foif, Hti'iw, ami Uii^i.H liimli'i' ilio iiiHt'iiier3 marks. (> 10 THK Till HI) VOYAf;K darkc mists, whichc continued by the space of twenty daycs togither, this doubt grew the greater and the longer jjerillous. For whcras indecde \vc thouglit our selves to be upon the northeast side ot Frobisliers straytcs, we were now carried to the southwcstwards of tlie (iuecnes forlande, and being de- ceyvcd by a swift currant comming from the northeast, were brought to the southwcstwards of our sayd course, many miles more than we dyd thinke possible could come to passe. The cause whereof we have since found, and shall be at large licreaftcr declared. Here we made a poynt of land, which some mistooke for a place in the straytcs, called Mount Warwicke : butliowc wc shoulde be so farre shottc up so suddaynely within tVie sayde straytcs, the expertest mariners began to marvcll, thinking it a thing impossible, that they couhh; be so farre overtaken A ciimiiit. in their accompts, or that any currant coulde so deceyve them heere, whichc they had ur)t by former experience proved and found out. Ilowbeit, many confcesed, that they founde a swifter course of floud than before time they bad observed. And truly it was wonderfuU to heare and see the rushling and noysc that the tydes do make in thys place, ■with so violente a force that our shippes lying a hull, wcire turned sometimes rounde aboute even in a momente, after the manner of a whiilpool, and the noysc of tlie streame no Icsse to be hcardc a farre off, than the waterfall of London Ih'idgc. But whilest the flectc lay thus douljtfull amongst grcatc store of isc in a place they knewe not, withoute sighte of sunne, whereby to take the height, and so to know the true elevation of the pole, and withoute any cloare of lightc to make perfite the coast, the Generall with the captayncs and maysters of liis shippes beganue doubtfully to question of the matter, and sent his pinnesse aboorde to heare cache mans opinion, and specially of James licare, mayster of the Anne Frances, who was knowen to be a sufficient and skilfull .Tiim''H ■iiitiini'r nV CAPTAIN FROBISHKR. 241 ;,ratc [u-. of true Uc to and Ion of jachc If tlic 11 full mariner, and having l)in there the ycare before, had well observed the place, and drawnc out cardcs of the coast, liiit the rather this matter grew the more doubtful, for that Christopher Ilall, ehicife pylot of the voyage, delivered a <'Mnv^\>h«r ' ' -^ J n ' 11,11 ,.),|u| plaine and publike opinion in the hearinge of the wliole ''^'"^• fleetc, that he had never scene the foresayd coast before, and that he could not make it for any place of Frohishers straitcs, as some of the fleete supposed, and yet the lands do lye and trend so like, that the best mariners therin may be deceived. The tenth of July, the weather still continuing thicke and darkc, some of the shippes in the fogge loste sighte of the Admirall and the rest of the fleete, and, wandering too and fro with doubtful opinion whether it were best to seeke backe againc to seaward through great store of ise, or to follow on a doubtful! course in a sea, bay, or straytes, they knew not, or alongst a coast, whereof by reason of the darke mists they could not discern the daungers, if by chance any rock or broken ground should lye of the place as commonly in these partes it doth. The Vize-admirall, Captayne Yorkc, considering the fore- sayd opinion of the pylot. Hall, who was with him in the Thomas Allen, having lost sight of the fleete, turned back to sea agayne, having two other shippes in eoinpany with him. Also the Captaine of the Anne Frannccs having likewise lost companye of the fleete, and being all alone, heldc it for best to turne it out to sea agayne, untyll they mighte have clecre weather to take the sunnes altitude, and wilh in- credible payne and perill got out of the doubtfidl place into tlu; open sea agayne, being so narrowly dit-tressed by the w.iy by meanes of continuall fogge and ise, that they were liiaiiy times ready to leape upon the iland of ise to avoyde the present daunger, and so hopyng to prolong life awhile, inc;inte rather to dye a pining death. n 242 rilK TIUKI) VOYAOK llRI'l HlilflH to HIIVU ueim llvoR. Mint Alien NiruitH. COUlll tlllVI) pIlKXl'li to C'uluyH. I''nii open way. Some hoped to save themselves on chestes, and some de- termined to tye the hatches of the sliippes fast togytlier and to byndc themselves wyth tlieyr furniture fast thereunto, and so to be towed with the shipboat ashore, wiiyche other- wise could not receyve hulfe of the companye ; by vhichc means, if happilie they hadde arrived, tliey shoulde eythcr liave perished for lackc of foodc to eate, or else shoulde themselves have bene eaten of those ravenous, bloudye, and man-eating jjeople. The rest of the fleete following the course of the Gencrall, whyche ledde them the way, passed up above 00 leagues within the sayd doubtfull and supposed straytes, havyng al- wayes a fayre continente uppon their starrc.-boorde sydc, and a continuance still of an open sea before them. The Generall, albeit with the fyrste perchance he found out the error, and that this was not the old straytes, yet he persuaded the fieete alwayes that they were in tlieyr righte course and knowne straytes. Ilowbeit, I suppose he rather dissembled his opinion therein than otherwyse, meaning by that policie (being hymself ledde with an honorable desire of further discoveriej to enduce y'' fleete to follow him to see a further prooie of that place. And, as some of the company reported, he hath since confessed that, if it had not bin for the charge and care he had of y'- fleete and fraughted shippes, he both \vould and could have gone through to the south se: called Mare del 8ur, and dissolved tin; long doubt of the passage wliich we sceke to find to the rich countrey of Cataya. 1. Of which mistaken straytes, considering the circum- stance, we have great cause to confirme our opinion to like and hope well of the passage in this place. For the fore- saidc bay or sea the further we sayled therein the wyder we found it, with great likelyhoodc of endlesse continuanc^j. And wherein other places we were muche troubled wyth ise, as in the entrance of the same, so after we liad sayh-d 00 OF (ATTAIN FHOmSHKR. 243 |(jircuin- to like no forc- ed (;i- wo Inuunc^. 1(1 wylli lylcd 00 or 60 loairucs therein, we had no let of isc or other tiling at ii"«»on» all, as in other places we found. iH'r,!"*" 2. Alf-o this })laec scemeth to have a marvellous grcatc in- drafte, and draweth unto it most of the drift yse and other '/."/fi,"' things which do fieete in the sea, eyther to the north or eastwards of the same, as hy good experience we have founde. tl. For hcere also we mette with boordcs, lathes, and divers other things driving in the sea, which was of the wraeke of the sliippe called the harke Demiys, wliich perished amongst the ise, as beforesaid, being l(jst at the '^''fant. first attempt of the entrance overthwart the Queens Fore- land, in the mouth of Frobishers Straits, whiche eoulde by no means have bin so brought thither neyther by winde nor tide, being lost so many leagues off, if by force of the sayde currant the same Viad not bin violently brought. For if the same hadde bin brought thither by the tyde of flodde, looke how farrc in the said flodde had caried it, the cbbe wouldc have recarycd it as farre backe agayne, and by the winde it could not so come to passe, bycausc it was then sometime calme, and most times contrary. And some marrincrs doe affyrme that they have diligently H.lljriH*'"','/'' observed y- there runneth in this place nine houres flodde I'it'!'. '""" to three ebbe, which may thus come to passe by force of the saide currant : for whereas the sea in most places of the world doth more or lesse ordinarily ebbe and flow once every twelve houres, with sixe houres eljbe and sixe houres Houd, so also would it doc tlu-re, were it not for the violence of this hastning currant, which forceth the floud to make appearance to beginne before his ordinary time one hourc and a halfe, and also to continue longer than his natural course by an other houre and a halfe, until the force of the ebbe be so greate that it will no longer be resisted (accord- ing to the saying: Nalurum expellas furc i licet larncn vsq. remirrit. Although nature and natural courses be forced k2 2H THK inilU) VOYAOK Tlin Rfift IlKlVlllll Ciiiiri riinl In wi kI. I'liii. liiiiially. AuMiorilio, and rchistcd never so muchc, yet at lastc it will have their ownc sway againe). Moreover, it is not possible that so great course of flouds and currant, so liiglie swelling tides with continuance of so deepc waters, can he digested here without unhurdeniiig themselves into some open sea h(;yonde this place, which nrgueth the more likelihood of the passage to be hereahoufs. Also we suppose these great indrafts do growe and are made hy the reverberation and reflection of that same currant, whiche at oure comming by Irelande mette and crossed us, of which in the firste parte of this discourse T spake, whyehc ef)mming from the bay of Mexico, passing by, and washing the south weast i)arts of Ireland, reboundeth over to the northest parts of the world, as Norway, Tslande, etc., where, not finding any passage to an open sea, but rather is there cncreased by a new accesse, and another currant meeting with it from y" Scythian Sea, passing the bay of Saint Nidiolas westwarde, doeth once againe rebounc^e backe by the coasts of Grocnland, and from thence uppon Frobisheis straites being to the southwestwardes of tlie same. .'>. And if that principle of philosophy be true, that In- fcriora corpora rajxinlcr d supcriorihun , that is, if inferior bodies be governed, ruled and earied after the manor and course of the superiors, then the water being an inferior element, must needes be governed after the superior Heaven, and so to lollow the course of Primum mohiic from east to weast. G. But everyc m.an that bathe written or considered anye tiling of this j)assage,hath more doubted the relourne by the same waye, by reason of a greate downefall of water, whyche they imagine to be thereabouts (which we also by experience partly find) than anye mistruste they have of the same I)assage at all. For we find (as it were) a great downfall in this place, but yet not muche, but that we may return, al- though with suchc adoc. For we were easilyer earied in in OV CAl'TAIN FHOIIISIIKR. 245 inyo )y the lycho rionce same all in •n, al- \n in one hourc than wc couldo gctto forth againc in three. Also by an other experience at anothcir time we founde thys cur- rant to deceive us in this sort: — That, wliereas we supposed to bee 15 leagues off, and lying a hull, we were brought within 2 leai'ues of the shoare, contrarie to al expecta- Uiinl, tint yi I |MiK»llilo, iiiriiliiit buuk iKulii. tion. Oure m(;nne that sayled furthest in the same mistaken Rtraites (having the maine lande uppon their starbord side), aflyrme that they mettc with the outlet or jjassage of water whiche cornmeth throwe Frobyshers straites, and foUoweth as all one into this passage. Some of our companye also affyrme that they had sighte of a continent upon their larbord side, being 00 leagues within the supi)osed straiten; : howbeit excopte certuino ilandes in the entrauncc hereof, wc could make no parte j)erfect thereof. All the foresaid tract of land seenieth to be more fruitful and ]>etter stored of grassc. Deere, wildc fouh,-, as partridges, larkes, seamews, guls, wilmots, falcons, and tassell genlils, ravens, beares, hares, foxes, and other things, than any other parte wc have yet discovered, and is more I'smo. populous. And here Luke Ward, a gentleman of y'- com- pany, traded merchandize, and did exchange knives, bells, looking-glasses, &c., with those countrey people who brought him foule, fishe, beares-skinnes, and suche like, as their countrey yccldeth for the same. Here also they saw of those greater boatcs of the country with twentie persons in a])cece. Nowe, after the rJenerall hadde bestowed these manye dayi.s here, not without many duungers, he returned backe againe. And by the way sayling alongst this coaste (being the backside of the supposed continent of America), and the (iueenes Forelaade, he perceived a great sounde to goe thorowe into Frobyshers Straits. Whcreuppon he scnte the Gahridl the one and twcntith of .July, to prove whether liiiuniMit they mightc go thorough and mcetc agayne with him in the '"•"." SMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / o <^,^ <" WJ-, ,< ^tg ///// (/j 1.0 l.i ^J^IM 1125 •-'. 13.2 iliM >, 4 M 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 1 •a 6' »■ V} <9 /} '<5. W ^. c"! 5%, ^W % ^^'^ ^ /^ VI '># (? / Photographic Sciences Corporation 'ii S <^ V \\ ■^ 'O V ^"^-^V^ 6^ \r ..^ ^ >>^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 o^ 246 THE THIRD VOYAGE Great diuit'ere, straites, which they did, and as we imagined before, so the Queenes Forelande proved an iiand, as I thinke most of these supposed continentcs will. And so he departed to- wardes the straites, thinking it were highe time nowe to re- cover hys porte and to provide the fleete of their lading, whereof he was not a little carefull, as shall by *he processe and his resolute attempts appeare. And in his retuire with the rest of the fleete, he was so entangled by reason of the darke fogge, amongst a number of ilandes and broken ground that lyeth of this coast, that many of the ships came over the top of rocks, which presently after they might perceive to ly a drie, havyng not halfe a ioote water more than some of their ships did draw. And by reason they coulde not with a small gale of wind stem the force of y** floud, wherby to go cleare of y^ rocks, they were faine to let an ancker fall with twoo bent of cable togither, at a c and odde fadome deapth, where otherwise they had bin by the force of the tides carried upon y" rocks again, and perished : so that if God in these fortunes, as a merciful guyde, (beyond y* ex- pectation of man) had not carried us thorow, we had surely more than x. m. times perished amiddest these dangers. For being many times driven harde aboorde the shoare withoute any sighte of lande, untill we were readye to make ship- wracke thereon, beeing forced commonly with oure boates, to sound before oure shippes, least we might light thereon before we could discerne the same. It pleaeed God to give us a cleare of sunne and light, for a short time, to see and avoide thereby the daunger, having been continually darke before, and presently after, Manye times also by ipeans of fogge and currants, being driven neare uppon the coaste, God lent us even at the very pintch one prosperous breath of winde or other, whereby to double the land and avoydo the perill, and when that we were all withoute hope of helpe, every man recommending himselfe to death, and crying out, Lorde now helpe or never : nowe Lorde look downe from Heaven and save us sinners, or else oure safetie commeth too OK CAPTAIN FROBJSUKR. 24T late : even then the mightie maker of Heaven, and oure merciful! God, did deliver us : so that they who have bin partakers of those daungers, do even in their souls confesse, that God even by miracle hath sought to save them, whose name be praised evermore. Long tyme nowe the Anne Frances had layne beating oflf and on all alone, before the Queenes forelandc, not beeing able to recover their porta for ise, albeit many times they daungerously attempted it, for yet the ise choaked up the passage, and woulde not suffer them to enter. And havyng never seen any of the fleete since twentie daycs past, when by reason of the thicke mistcs they were severed in the mis- taken straitcs, did nowe this present three and twentith of July overthwart a place in the straites called Ilattons Hed- land, where they met with seven shippes of the fleete again, which good happe did not only rejoice them, for themselves, in respect of the comfoite whiche they received by suclie good companye, but especially, that by this means they were l^ut out of doubt of their freendes, whose safeties long time they did not a little suspect and feare. At their meeting they haled the Admirall after the manner of the sea, and with great joy welcomed one another with a thundring voly of shot. And now every man declared at large the fortunes and dangers which they hadde passed. The foure and twentith of July we mctte with the Frances of Fot/, who with much adoe soughte way back againe thorowe the yse from out of the mistaken straites, where to their greate perill, they proved to recover their porte. They broughte the first newes of the Vizeadmirall Capitaine Yorke, who many dayes with themselves, and the Basse of Bridgcwater was missing. They reported that they left the Vizeadmirall reasonably clcare of the ise, but the other shippe they greatly feared, whom they coulde not come to helpe, being themselves so hardly distressed, as never men more. Also they told us of the Gabriel, who having got Anne Francea met with aiime of the fleet. Frances o/Foy. llrid))fe- water ship. ^48 THE THIRD VOYAGE Straits froseu iivcr. thorow from the backside, and wester point of the Queens forclandc, into Frobyshers Stratcs, fell into their companye about the Cape of Good Hope. And uppon the seaven and twentith of Julye, the ship of I3ridgewater gote oute of the ise, and met with the fleete whiche laye off and on under Plattons Hcdland. They re- ported of their marvellous accidents and daungers, declaringc their shyppe to be so leaky, that they must of necessitie seeke harborow, having their stem beaten within theyr buddings, that they hadde muchc adoe to keepe themselves above water. They had (as they say) five hundreth strokes at the poupe in lessc than half a watche, being scarce two lioures. Their menne being so over-wearied therewith, and with the former dangers, that they desired helpe of menne from the other shippes. Moreover, they declared, that there was nothing but ise and daunger, where they hadde bin and that the straites within was frosen uppe. And that it was the mostc impossible thyng in the world, to passe up unto the Couutesse of Warwicks sounde whiche was the place of our porte. The reporte of these daungers by these shyppes thus pub- lished amongst the fieete, wyth the remembraunce of the perills past, and those present before their face, brought no small feare and terror into the hartes of many considerate men. So that some beganne privily to murmur against the Generall for this wilfuU manner of proceeding. Some de- sired to discover some harborowe thereaboutes, to refreshe themselves, and refoniie their broken vesselles for a while, untill the north and northwest winds might disperse the ise, and make the place more free to passe. Other some for- getting themsolves, spake more undutifully in this behalfc, saying : that they hadde as leeve be hanged when they came home, as without hope of safetie, to seeke to passe, and so to porishe amongst the ise. 'J'iie Ccucrall not opening his earca to the pccvishe passion OF CAPTAIN FnoniSIIEU. 249 iucens iipanye ship of 2 fleete hey re- ilaringc jcessitic \ theyr mselves strokes roe two ith, and [■ menne lat there bin and •t it was up unto place of lus pub- of the ugUt no isiderate xinst the ome de- rcfreshe a while, the isc, ome for- behalfe, icy came and so to c passion of anye private person, but chiefly caryng for the publicke profite of his countries cause, and nothing at all regardyng hys owne ease, lyfe, or safetie, but espcciallye respecting the accomplishment of the cause he had undertaken, (wherein the chiefe reputation and fame of a Generall and Capitaine consisteth), and calling to his remembrance the shorte time he hadde in hande, to provide so great number of shyppes their loading, determined with this resolution, to passe and recover his porte, or else there to bury himselfe with hys attempte, and if suche extremitie so befell him, that he muste necdes perish amongst the ise, when all hope shoulde be past, and all hope of safetie set aside, having all the or- dinaunce within boorde well charged, resolved wyth pouder to burne and bury himselfe and all togither with hir Majesties shyppes. And with this peal of ordinance, to receive an lionourable knell, instead of a better burial, esteeming it more happy so to end hys life, rather than himself, or any of his company or anye one of hir Majesties shyppes shoulde become a praye or spectacle tc those base bloudye and man eating people. Notwithstanding, somewhat to appease the feeble passions of the fearefuller sorte, and the better to cntertaine time for a season, whilest the ise might the better be dissolved, hee haled on the fleete, wyth belcefe, that he would put into luirborowe : thcrcuppon whilest the sheppes laye ofl'and on, under Hattons Hedlandc, he soughte in wyth his pynnesses amongest the islands there, as thoughe hee meant to searche for harborow% where indeede he meant nothinge less, but rather sought if any ore mighte be found in that place, as by the sequel appeared. In the mean time, whilest the fleete laye thus doubtfuU withoutc anye ccrtaine resolution what to do, being harde aboorde the leeshore, there arose a sodainc and t'^'rible tempest at the southsoutlicst, whereby the ise began marvel- lously to gather about us. A valinnt iiiiiiil of Frobiahor. ippi f 250 THE THIRD VOYAGE Snow in Ju'y. I'',xtrome wiuter. Grentheat ill Mi'ta In- cogniLii, Unconstant weutlier. Whcreuppon everyc manne, as in such case of extremitie he thoughte beste, soughte the wisest waye for his owne safetie. The most parte of the fleete whych were further shotte uppe within the straites, and so farre to the leewarde, as that they coulde not double the lande, following the course of the General, who led them the way, tooke in their sailes, and Liide it a hull amongst the ise, and so passed over the storme, and hadde no extreamitie at all, but for a short time in the same place. Howbeit the other shyppcs whiche plyed oute to seawarde, hadde an extreame storme for a longer season. And the nature of the place is suche, that it is subject diversely to divers winds according to the sundric situation of the great alps and mountaynes there, every mountayne causing a sevcrall blaste, and pirrie, after the manner of the Levant. In this storme being the sixe and twentith of July, there fell so much snow, with such bitter cold air, that we could scarce sec one another for the same, nor open our eyes to handle our ropes and sayles, the snow being above halfe a footc deepe uppon the hatches of oure shippe, which did so wette thorow oure poore marriners clothes, that he that hadde five or sixe shifte of apparcll, had scarce one drie thrcede to his backe, whiche kindc of wette and coldnesse, togither with the over labouring of the poore menne amiddest the ise, breed no smril sicknesse amongest the fleete, which somewhat discouraged some of the poor men, who had not experience of the like before, everye man per- SN\ aJing himselfe, that the wynter there must needs be ex- treme, where they be found so unseasonable a sommer. And yet notwythstandyng this cold ayre, the sunne many times hathe a marvellous force of heate amongst those mountains, insomuche, that when ther is no breth of wind to bring y^ cold ayre from the dispersed ise uppon us, we shall be weary of the blominge heate, and then sodainly with a perry of wind whiche commeth down from y® hollownes ot OK CAPTAIN FROBISHER. 251 trcmitie IS owne further ewarde, ing the in their sctl over f a short jfiwarde, And the ersely to the great ausing a Levant, ily, there we could L- eyes to e halfe a ch did so he that one drie oldnesse, [e menne igest the oor men, I man per- ls be ex- Iner. ine many test those of wind m us, we iiuly with llownes of y« hilles, we shal have such a breth of heate brought upon our face, as though we were entred some bastow or hote- house, and when the first of the pirry and blast is past, we shall have the winde sodainly anew blow cold againe. In this storme the Atine Fraunces, the Moone, and the Thomas of Ipswich, who founde themselves able to holdc it up with a sayle, and could double aboute the Cape of the Queens forelande,plyed oute to seawarde, holding it for better policie and safetie, to seeke sea roome, than to hazard the continuance of the storme, the daunger of the ise and the leeshorc. And being uncertaine at this time of the Generalls private determinations, the weather being so darke, that they coulde not discerne one another, nor perceive which waye he wrought, betooke themselves to this course for best and safest. The Gcnerall notwithstanding the greate storme, following his owne former resolution, soughte by all meanes possible, by a shorter way, to recover his port, and where he saw the ise never so little open, he gat in at one gappe, and out at another, and so himself valiantly ledde the way through before, to induce y" fleete to foUowe after, and with in- credible payne and perill, at length gat through the ise, and TheCenerfti nppon the one and thirtith of July, he recovered his long iiis p rt. wished porte after many attempts, and sundry times being put backc, and came to anker in the Countesse of Warwicke's sound, in the entrance whereof, when he thoughte all perill past, he encountred a great iland of ise, whyche gave the Ayde suche a blow, having a little before wayed hir anker a cocke bill, that it stroke the anker flouke through the shippes bowes under the water, whych caused so greate a Icake, that with muche adoe they preserved the shippe from sinking. At theyr arivall heere, they perceived two shippes at anker within the harborough, whereat they began muche to marvel, and greatelye to rejoice, for those they knew to be the 252 TJIE THIRD VOYAGE VVo'liiill lircuohgr. Michaell, wherein was the Lieutenant gcnerall Captayne Fenton, and the small barke called the Gabricll, who so long tyme were missing, and never hearde of before, whome every man made the last reckning, never to heare of agayne. Heere every man greately rejoysed of their happie meet- ing, and welcomed one another after the sea manner, with their great ordinance, and when cache partie hadde reaped up their sundrie fortunes and perils past, they highlyc praised God, and altogither uppon their knees gave hym due, humble and harty thanckcs, and Mayster Wolfall, a learned man, appoynted by hir Majesties Councell to be thcyr minister and preacher, made unto them a godly sermon, exhorting th*^ a especially to be thankefuU to God for theyr strange and miraculous deliverance in those so dangerous places, and putting them in mynde of the un- certainctie of mans life, willed them to make themselves alwayes ready as resolute men to enjoy and accept thanke- fuUy whaiEOf^vor adventure his divine Providence should appoynt. This Mayster Wolfall being well seated and setlcd at home in his ownc countri j , with a good and large living, having a good honest woman to wife, and very towardly children, being of good reputation among the best, refused not to take in hand this payncfull voyage, for the only care he had to save souls, and to reform those in- fidels if it were possible to Christianitie ; and also partly for the great desire he hadde that this notable voyage, so well begun, might be brought to perfection, and therefore he was contented to stay there the whole yeare, if occasion had served, being in every necessary action as forward as the resolutest men of all. Wherfor in this bchalfc he may rightly be called a true pastor and minister of Gods word, I not to venture his spr owne life. The ftdven- turcs of Captiiiii I'oiitoii and his cum- puny. But to retorne agayne to Captayne Fentons company, and to speake somewhat of their dangers (albeit they bee more OF CAPTAIN FROniSIIER. ^53 than by writing can be expressed). They reported, that from the night of the first storme, whiche was aboute the first day of July, untill seaven dayes before the Gcneralls arrivall, which was the sixc and twentith of the same, they never saw any one day or houre wherein they were not troubled with continuall daunger and feare of death, and were twentie dayes almost togither fast amongst the isc. They had their shippe stricken through and through on both sides, their false stem borne quite away, and could go from their shippcs in some places uppon the ise very many miles, and might easily have passed from one iland of ise to another, even to the shore, and if God had not wonder- fully provided for them and theyr necessitie, and time had not made them more cunning and wise to seeke strange remedies for strange kinds of dangers, it had been impossible for them ever to have escapeil : for among other devises, wheresoever they founde any iland of ise of greater big- nesse than the rest (as there be some of more than halfe a mile com passe aboutj and almost 400 fadome high), they commonly coveted to recover the same, and thereof to make a bulwarke for their defence, whereon having mored anckcr, they roade under the lee thereof for a time, beeyng therby garded from y danger of the lesser driving ise. But when they must necdcs forgoe this newe founde forte, by meanes of other ise, whiche at lengtb woulde undermine and com- passe them round aboute, and when that by heaving of the billow they were therwith like to be brused in pcces, they used to make fast the ship unto the most firme and broad peece of ise " they could find, and binding hir nose fast thereunto, would fill all theyr sayles, whereon the windc havinge great power, would force forward the ship, and so the ship bearing before hir the yse, and so one yse driving forward another, should at length get scope and searoom. And having by this means at length put their enemies to flight, occupied the cleere place for a prettie season, among Exlromltlo cftuaotli mull to de- vise now nrta and ro- uiodiea. Hard sliifts. 254 THE THIRD VOYAGE MV'i Strnn(?e wouderg. sundry mountaynes and Alpes of ise. One there was foundc by measure to be sixty-five fadomc above water, M-hich for a kind of similitude was called Salomons porch. Some think those ilands eight times so muchc under water as they arc above, by-cause of their monstrous weight. Jiut now I re- member, I saw very strange wonders, men walking, running, leaping, and shoting upon the maine seas forty miles from any land, withoute any shippe or other vessell under them. Also I saw fresh rivers running amidst the salt sea a hundred myle from land, v/hich if any man will not beleeve, let him know that many of our company lept out of their shippe uppon ilandes of ise, and running there uppe and downe, did shoote at buttes up^jon the ise, and with their calivers did kill great cealcs, whiche use to lye and slecpe upon the ise, and this ise melting at the top by reflexion of the sun, came down in sundrye streams, whychc, uniting togither, made a prettie brooke able to drive a mill. The sayd Captaync Fenton recovered his porte tenne dayes before any man, and spent good time in searching for mine, and found good store thereof, which bycause it proved good, was after called Fentons Fortune. He also discovered about tenne miles up irto the countrey, where he perceived neyther towne, village, nor likelyhoode of habitation, but seemeth (as he sayeth) barrenous as the other parts which as yet we have entred upon; but their victuals and provision wen;, so scant with them, that they had determined to re- turne homeward within seaven dayes after, if the fleete had not then arrived. The Generall after his arrivall in the Countesses Sound spent no time in vayne, but immediately at his first landing called the chiefe captaynes of his councell togither, and con- sulted with them for the speedier execution of such things as then they had in hand. At first, for searching and find- ing out good minerall for the miners to be occupied on. Then to give good orders to be observed of the whole OF CAPTAIN FROniSHER. 255 5 foundc hich for nc think :hcy arc ow I re- running, Ics from ;r them, hundred , let him r shippc I downe, calivers upon the the sun, togither, te tennc hing for t proved scovered crceived 1, but s which provision to re- eete had s Sound landing and con- things Lud find- ■)ied on. c whole company on shore. And lastly, to consider for the erecting up the forte and house for the use of them which were to abide there the whole yeare. For the better handling of these and all other like important causes in this service, it was ordeincd from hir Majestic and the Counccll that the Generall should call unto him certayne of the chiefc cap- taynes and gentlemen in councell, to confcrre, consult, and determine of all occurrcts in this service, whose names are here as folow : Captaync Fenton Captayne Yorke Captaync Best Captayne Carcw Captayne Philpot And in sea causes to have as assistants, Christopher Ilal and Charles Jackman, being both very good pylots and sufficient mariners, whereof the one was chiefe pylot of the voyage, and the other for the discoverie. From the place of our habitation weastward, Maister Selman was appointed notarie, to register the whole manner of proceeding in these affaires, that true relation thereof might be made, if it pleased hir Majestic to require it. The first of August every captaine, by order from the Generall and his counsell, was commanded to bring ashore unto the Countesses Hand al such gentlemen, souldicrs, and myners, as were under their charge, with such provision as they had of victuals, tents, and things nccessarye for the speedie getting togither of mine, and fraught for the shippes. The muster of the men being taken, and the victuals with all other things viewed and considered, every man was set to his charge, as his place and office required. The myners were appointed where to worke, and the mariners discharged their shippes. Uppon the seconde of August was published and pro- claymed, uppon the Countesse of Waricks Hand, with sound 256 THE THIRD VOYAGE of trumpet, certain orders by ihe General and his counsel appointed to be observed of the companyc during the time of their abiding there. The copie whereof here followeth : OllDEUS SETT DOWN BY M. FROniSHER, EsQUIRE, CaPTAINE GeNERALL FOR THE VOYAGE TO " CaTAYA," TO HE OBSERVED OP THE COMPANIE DURING THE TIME OF THEIR AliODE IN " MeTA InCOGNITA." PUBLISHED THE SECOND DAY OF AuGUST, 1578. 1. Inprimis, the Gcncrall, in hir Majesties name, straightly chargeth and commandcth that no person ''r persons, with boatc nor pinncssc, shall go ashoarc, for any cause, but to the Countcssc of Warwickcs Ilande and Winters Fornace, without licence of the General, or his deputies. And if they fortune at anye time, having licence, to meet with any of the countrcy people, that they shall not enter into any con- ference or amies wyth them, untill they have give >. intelli- gence thereof to the Generall or hys lieutenant. 2. Item, that no person, of what calling soever he be, shal make an assay of any maner of mettall, matter, or ore, in ye partes nowe called Meta Incognita, but only suche as shal be appointed by the General, or in his absence by his lieutenant, to do the same : nor that anye person shall take up and keepe to his pyivate use anye parte or parcel of ore, pretious stone, or other matter of commoditie to be had or founde in that lande, but he the sayde person so seased of such ore, stone, or other matter of commoditie shall with all specde, as soon as he can, defect the same, and make deliverie thereof to the generall, or his lieutenant generall, uppon paine to forfaite for everye such ounce thereof, the value treble of anye wages he is to receive after the daye of such ofTence committed : and further, to recey ve suche punishment as to hyr Majestic shall seem good. 3. Item, that no shippe or shippes shall take uppon them OK (ATTAIN I'UOniSHKH. 867 wi ith he be, or ore, iche as by bis 11 take f ore, \ad or scd of ith all make nerall, of, the aye of suche them to loade any manner of ore without licence of the general, or he that shal be appointed deputie for him, for y« view of the same. 4. Item that all the maisters of evcrye shippe or Hhippes within the flcete shal ujjon Mundayc next comniing, by fourc of the clocke in the morning, wyth all the most parte of theyr companies, make theyr repayre to tiie Countesses Ilande aforesaide, there to view and make such places, for loading and unloading of ore and other thyngs, as shall be most commodious and meetc for that purpose. ;"). Item, th.at no person or persons within this service, by sea or lande, shall use anye discovered' speeches, swearing, brauling, or cursing upon payne of imprisonmentc. 0. Item, that no person or persont., eyther by sea or lande, shal draw his or theyr weapons in quarrellyng manner, to the intente to ofFende or disturbe the quietc of anye person or persons wythin thys service, uppon paii.r that being so taken, he or they whatsoever immediately to loo^-e his right handc. 7. Item, that no person or persons shall washe their handcs or anye other things, in the spring, uppon th(! Countesses Hand, where the water is used, and preserved for the dressing of their victuals, upon paine to receive such punishment as shall be thought good, by the Generall or his Lieutenant, for the same. And for the better preservation and health of everye manne, that no person or persons shall doe his easement but under the cliffcs where the sea may washe the same aw lye, upon paine that everye one so offend- ing, for the first time shall be imprisoned in the billowe fourteene houres, and for the second lime being so taken by the provost Martiall, to pay twelve pense. 8. Item, that no person or persons, of what nature or con- dition soever, shall cast out of their snippe or shippes, anye ballast or rubbish, into the roade, where- these shippes now rydeth, or may conveniently ride, within this sounde, that ' Sic in orijjiiial. S 258 'HK IMIIRI) VOYAGE lidii i'or liiiliitini,' M.'iii III- iii'timtii. theiby the same sounclc or roade stcacle may be impaired, but shall carric the same, and lay it where it may not offend. Uppon paine that every man so offendinii^, the owner of such shippe or shippes, shall torfaite the fraught of one tunne. By me Mautyn Frobish'^r. In the meane time, whylest the mariners plyed their work, y" Captains sought out new mynes, the goldfinders mude-tryallof the ore, the mariners discharged their shippes, the gentlemen for example sake laboured hartily, and honesuye encouraged the infcriour sorte to v/orke. So that small time of that little leasure, that was left to tarrie, was spent in vaine. The second of August the Gabriel arrived, who" came from the Vizeadmirall, and being distressed sore with yse, put into harborrow neere unto Mount Oxford. And now was the whole iicete arrived safely at their port, excepting foure, be.-'idcs the shippe that was loste, that is, the Thomas Allen, the Anne Frances, the Thomas of Ipswich, and the Moonc, whose absence was some let unto the workri and other pro- ceedings, as well for that these shippes were furnished with the better sort of myncrs and other provision for the habitation. The ninth of Augusl,, the Generall with the Captaynes of his counsell assembled togither, beganne to consider and take order for the erecting up of the house or forte, for them that were to inhabit there the whole yeare, and that presently the masons and carpenters might go in hande therewith. First . therefore they perused the bills of ladyng what every man received into his shippe, and found that there was arrived only the east side, and the south side of y'= house, and yet not that perfect and intier, for many peeces thereof were used for fenders in many shippes, and so broken in peeces, whyles they were distressed in the ise. Also after due examination had, and tri'.e accompt taken, there was founde want of drinkc and fuel, to serve one hundrcth men, which was the OF CAPTATN FROBISIIKK. 259 id, but offend. )f such ine. :r. L thcii" Ifindcrs ihippes, y, and So that de, was me from yse, put now was [\rr foUVC, o IS Allen, 2 Moone, her pro- led with for the tayncs of and take licm that cnitly the 1. First |vcry man Is arrived and yet ivere used s, whyles lamination want ot 1 was the number appointed firstc to inhabite there, bycause their greatest store was in the ships which were not yet arrived. 'I'hcn Captaine Fenton seeing the scarcity of y" necessary things aforesaid, was contented, and oflVed himselfe to in- habite there, with sixtie men. Wlierupon they caused the carpenters and masons to come before them, and demaunded in what time they woukle take upon them to erect up a lesse house for sixtie men. They required eight or nine weeks, if [j",,'',"',')'^"' there were tymber sufficient, whereas now they had but six ^'"^' and twentie dayes in all to remayne in that countrey. Wherefore it was fully agreed upon, and resolved by the General and his counsell, that no habitation shoulde be there this yeare. And therefore they willed Maister Sclman the Register, to set down this decree, with all their consents, for the better g .tisfying of hir Majestic, the Lords of the Coun- sel, and the advenrurers. The An7ic Frances, since she was parted from the flcete, in the last storme before spoken of, could never recover above five leagues within the straights, the wind being i ine- tyme contrarie, and moste times the ise compassing them round about. And from that time, being aboutc the seaven and twentith of July, coulde neyther h-are nor have sight of any of the flcete, untill the third of August, when they descried a sayle near to Mount Oxford, with whome when they had spoken, they could understando no newes of anye of the fleete at all. And this was the Thomas of Ipstvich, who hadde layne beating oiF and on at sea, with very foule weather, and contrarye wiuds, ever since that foresaide storme, without sight of any man. They kept company not long togyther, but were forced to lose one another again, the Moone being consort always with the Anne Fvaunccs, and keeping verie good companye plycd up togither into the straites, with great desire to recover their long wished port; and attempted as often, and passed as far as possible the winde, weather, and ise, gave leave, whyche eommonlv they mm 2f)0 TTTR THIRD VOYAOK 'J'liB ^[o^nll^. found ry contrary. For when tho weather was cloarc, and withoute fogge, then commonly y" wind was contrarie. And when it was eythcr easterly or southerly, which wouldc serve their turnes, then had they so great a fogge, and darkc miste therewith, that eythcr they could not disccrne way throw the ise, or else the ise lave so thicke togither, that it was impossible for them to passe. And on the other side, when it was calme, the tydes hadde force to bryng the ise so sodaynlye about them, that commonlye then they were moste therewith destrcssed, having no winde to carry them from the daungcr therof. And by the sixte of August, being with much adoe got up as high as Leicester point, tliey had good hope to find the souther shore clearc , and so to passe uppe towardes their porte. I5ut being there becalmed, and lying a hull 'openly upon the greate bay whiche commethc oute of the mys- takcn straitcs before spoken of, they were so sodainely com- passed with ise roundc about, by means of the swifte tydes whiche runne in that place, that they were never afore so hardly beset as nowe. And in seeking to avoyde these dangers in the darke weather, the Anne Frances lost sighte of the other two ships, who being likewise hardly distressed, signified their daunger, as they since reported, by shooting off their ordiuauncc, which the other couldc not heare, nor if they had hearde, could have given them no rcmedie, being so bubily occupied to winde themselves out of their owne troubles. The fleeboate called the Moone, was here heaved above the water with the force of the ise, and received a great Icake therby. Likewise the Thomas of Tpsicich, and the Anne. Fraticcs were sore brused at that instant, having their false stemme borne aw.iy, and their shippc sides strokcn quite through. Now considering the continuall daungers and contraries, and the little leasure that they had lefte to tarrie in these OF CAI'TAIN FUOHISHKR. 5>(U c, and And ) serve ? miste throw it was , when ise so } mosto ■cm the Ice got to find es their 'openly 10 mys- ;ly coni- ,e tydes ifore so e these t si"hte tressed j hooting [are, nor e, beino- ir owne Id above >;it h-ake 10 Anni^ leir false "n quite Intraries, lin these partes, besides that every night the roj)es of theyr shippes were so frosen, that a man coulde not handle them without cutting his handes, togither with the great doubt they had of the flcetes safety, thinking it an impossibility for them to passe unto their port, as well for that they saw themselves, as for that they harde by the former reporte of the shippes which had proved before, who affirmed that the straites were all frosen over within. 'Ihey thought it now very hie time to consider of their estates and safeties that were yet left to- gither. And hereuppon the Captaines and niaisters of these shippes desired the Captaine of the Anne Frcmccs to enter into consideration with them of these matters, wherefore Captaine Tanfield of the Thomas of Ijisioich, with his pylot Kicliard Coxe, and Captaine Upcotc of the Moono, with his maister John Lakes came aboorde the Anne Frances the eight of August to consult of these causes. And being as- sembled togither in the Captayne's cabin sundrie doubtes were then alleagcd. For the fearefullcr sortc of mariners being overtyred with the continuall labour of the form(>r daungcrs, coveted to rcturne homewarde, sayinge that they woulde not againe tempt God so much, who had given them so many warnings, and delivered them from so wonderfull daungcrs ; that they rather desired to loose wages fraughte and all, than to continue and follow such desperate fortunes. Again their shippes were so Icake, and the men so wearie, that to amende the one, and refreshe the other, they muste of necessitie sceke into harborow. ]3ut on the other side, it was argued againe to the con- trarie, that to seeke into harborowe thereaboutcs was but to subject themselves to double daungcrs, for if hajjpilye they escape the daungcrs of rockcs in their entring, yet being in, they were nevertheless subject there to the daunger of the ise, which with the swift tydes and currents is carried in and out in most harborows thereaboutcs, and may thereby gaule their cables asunder, drive them uppon the shoare, and bring The Aniif Fraui'iK, llie Thomas of fpHllil'lt Hiid tho .UiiOHccmi- Bult. 262 THE THIRD VOYAGK them to much trouble. Also the coast is so much subject to broken ground and rockes, especially in the mouth and en- trauncc of every harborow, that albeit the channell be sounded over and over againe, yet arc you never tlio neare to disccrne the daungers. For the bottome of the sea, holding like !?hape and forme as the lande, bcyng full of hilles, dales, and ragged rockes, suffereth you not, by your soundings, to knowe and kecpe a true gesse of y° depth, for you shall soundc upon the side or hollownesse of one hil or rocke i:nder water, and have a hundrcth, fiftic, or fortie fulome depth ; and before the next cnst, ere you shall bee able to have your lead againe, you shall be uppon the toppe thereof, and come aground to your utter confusion. Another reason against going to harborow, was, that the colde ayrc did threaten a sodainc freezing uppe of the sounds, seeing y' every night there was new congealed ise, even of that water which remained within their sbippes. And therefore it should seeme to be more safe to lye off and on at sea, than for lacke of winde to bring them forth of harborow, to hazard by sodaine frostes to be shut up the whole yeare. After many such daungers and reasons alleaged, and large cnpiiii.io debating of these causes on both sides, the Captaine of the liosts rcso- *^ ' Anne Frances delivered his opinion unto the company to this effect. First, concerning the question of returning home, he thought it so much dishonorable, as not to grow in any further question : and, agayne, to returne home at length (as at length they must needes), and not to be able to bring a certaync report of the fleet, whether they were living or lost, or whether any of them had recovered their port or not in the Countesses Sounde (as it was to be thoughte the most part would if they were living), he sayd that it would be so great an argument, cyther of wante of courage or discretion in them, as he resolved rather to fall into any danger, than so shamefully to consent to retourne home, 08ts r lutiuii. OF CAPTAIN FROUISHKR, 2()3 jirotcsting that it should never be spoken of him, that he wouklc ever rcturne withoute doing his endeavour to finde the ficete, and knowe the certaynctie of the Generals saf'etie. lie put his companic in remembrance of a pinasse of five tunne burthen, which he hadde within his «!'iip, which was carycd in pceces, and unmade up for the use of :hose which shoulde inhabitc there the whole yeare, the which if they coulde fynde meanes to joync togithcr, hee offered himselfc to prove before therewith, whether it were possible for any boate to passe for ice, whereby the shipps myghte bee brouglite in after, and mighte also thereby gyve true notice, if any of the fleete were arrived at theyr porte or not. But, notwithstanding, for that he well pcrceyvcd that the most parte of hys companye were addicted to i)ut into liar- borow, he was willing the rather for these causes somewhat to encline thereunto. As first, to search alongst the same coast, and the soundes thercaboutes, he thoiighte it to be to good purpose, for that it was likely to fynd some of the llccte there, whiche being leake, and sore brused with the ise, was the rather thoughte lykely to be put into an yll harborough, bcying distressed with foule weather in the last stormc, than to hazard theyr ixncertayne safeties amongst the ise ; for about this place they lost them and kftc the ilcetc then doubtfully questioning of harborow. It was lykely also, that they might fynde some fitte har- borow thercaboutes, whychc myghte be hovefuU for them against another tyme. It was not likewise impossible to fynde some ore or myne thercaboutes, wherewithall to fraughte theyr shyppes, whiche woulde bee more commo- dious in this place, for the neerenesse to seawarde, and lor a better outlette, than further within the straytes, beyiig lykely heere alwayes to loade in a shorter time, howsoever the straytc shoulde be pestered wyth ise within ; so that if it myghte come to passe that thereby they mighte eyther fynd th(> fleete, mine, or convenient harborough, any of 2«4 TIIK THIRD VOYAGE these tlircc would well serve thcyr presente turnes, and gyve some hope and comfortc unto thcyr companyes whiclie nowe were altogyther comfortlessc. But if that all fortune shouldc fall out so contrarye that they coulde neythcr re- cover theyr porte nor anye of these aforcsaidc helpes, that yet they would not yet dcparte the coast, as long as it was possible for them to tarrie there, but would lye off and on at sea athwart the place. Therefore hys final conclusion was sette downe thus : — Firste, that the Thomas of Ipsioichc and the Moonc shoulde consortc and kocpe companye to- gyther carefully with the Anne Frances as neere as they could, and as true Englishmen and faythful friends should supplye one anothers want in all fortunes and dangers. In the morning following every shippe to sende of hys boate with a sufficient pylot to searchc out and sounde the har- boroughs for the safe bringing in of theyr shippcs. And beeyng arrived in harborough where they miglite finde con- venient place for the purpose, they resolved forthwith to joine and set togythcr the pinasse, whercwythall the Cap- tayne of the Anne Frances might, according to his former determination, discover up into the straytes. After these determinations thus sette downe, the Thomas of Ipsioiche the nyghte following lost company of the other shyppes, and afterwarde shaped a contrarye course horae- warde, whyche fell oute, as it manyfestlie appeared, very much agaynst theyr Captayne, Mayster Tanficldes, mynde, as by due examination before the Lordes of Hir Majesties most Honorable Privic Counsell, it hathe since been proved to the greate discrcdite of the Pilot Coxe, who specially per- suaded his company againste the opinion of hys sayde Cap- tayne to returnc home. And, as the Captayne of the Anne Fra?ices dothc witnesse, even at theyr conference togithcr, Captayne Tanfield tolde hym that he did not a little suspect the said Pylot Coxe, say- ing, that he had neythcr opinion in the man of honest (luetic. OF CAPTAIN FKOniSriF.R. 265 ;, and ^rtune icr re- s, that it was incl on elusion )Sioiche lye to- is they should IS. lu s boate he har- . And idc con- iwith to le Cap- former Thomas lie other horae- cd, very niynde, llajcsties proved |ally per- ■de Cap- Ivitnosse, [id tolde )xc, say- It duetie, manhoodc, or constancie. Notwithstanding the sayde shijjpcs (lc])arturc, tlic Captaync of the An)ie Frances, becying de- sirous to putle in execution liys former resolutions, went with hys shyppeboate (bceyng accompanied filso -.vyth the Muoncs ^kyl{e) to prove amongst the ilandes which lye under Ilattons Headland, if anye convenient harborough, or any knowledge of the fleete, or anye good ore was there to be found. The shyppes lying off and on at sea the whyle under sayle, and searching through many soundcs, they saw them all full of nianye dangers and broken grounde, yet one there was which seemed an indifferent place to harborow in, and whiche they did very diligentlye sounde over and searched agayne. rieerc the sayde Captayne founde a great blacke iland, whereunto lie had good liking, and certifying the company therof tliey wer somewhat comforted, and with the good hope of his words, rowed cheerfully unto the place where, when they arrived, they founde such plentie of blacke ore of the same sorte whiche was broughte into Eyglande thys last yearc, that if the goodnesse myghte aunswcre the greate plentye thereof, it was to be thoughte that it might reason- ably suffise all the golde gluttons of the worlde. Thys ilandc tlie Captayne, for cause of his good happe, called after his owne name, Bestes blessing, and wyth these good tydings returning aboorde hys shippc the ninth of August, about tenne of the clockc at night, he was joyfully welcomed of hys companye who before were discomforted and greatelic expected some better fortune at hys handcs. The next daye bceyng the tenth of August, the weather reasonably fayre, they put into the foresayde harborough, having their boate for theyr better sccuvitie sounding before theyr ship. But for all the care and diligence that coulde be taken, in soundyng the Channell over and over agayne, the Anne Frances came aground uppon a sunken rockc within the harborough, and lay thereon more than halfe drye untill the next flood,, when, by (Jods Almighty Provi- lilessiiig. 'I'lip Anne Fiiinccs ill ilKiiger. 266 rilE TIIIIID VOYAGK 'I'he Moone in liiir- borow. 1liie and the foulc weather, the pinnesse might suffice. And hereuppon the nial.'-ters nuitc of the Anne Frances, called Joim Ciray, manfully and honestly ofTering himself unto his Captain in this adventure and service, gave cause to others of hys marriners to folloyv the attempt. And upon the nineteenth of August the said Captain being acconijKinicd with Captainc Upcote of the Moone, and xviii persons in the small pinnesse, having convenient por- tion of victualles and things necessary, departed upon the said pretended voyage, leaving their shippc at ancker in a good readinesse for the taking in of their fraight. And having little winde to saile withall, they plyed alongest the souther shoare, and passed above 30 leagues, having the onely helpe of mans labour with ores, and so entendyng to keepe that shoare aboorde untill they were gote up to the fuithest and narrowest of y*' straites, minded there to crosse over and to search likewise alongest the northerland unto the Countesses Sound, and from thence to passe all thi't coaste along, whereby if any of the fleete hadde been dis- tressed by wracke of rocke or ise, by that meanes they might be perceived of them, and so they thereby to give them such helpe and reliefe as they could. 'Ihey did greatly feare and ever suspecte that some of the fleete were surely caste awaye and driven to seeke sowre sallets amongest the colde clifl'es. And being shot up about 40 leagues within y" straites, they put over towards y* norther shore, which was not a little daungerous for theyr small boatc. And by meanes of sodaine llawe were driven and faine to seek harborow in the niiiht amongst all the rockes and broken grounde of Ga- briells llandcs, a place so named within the btraites above OF CAl'TAIN ki{(,iiisiii;h. 2Gi) itiaitcs, s not a >ancs of in the ot" Cja- s above the Countossp of Warwioks Soiuulc. Antl by the way where they landed they did tiiid certaine great stones settc uppc by tlic count rie people, as it seemed for niarkes, where they also made nuinye crosses of stone in token that Christians had bin there. The xxii of Au'^ust they hadde sighte of the Countessc Sounde, and made the place pcrfccte from the toppe of a hill, and keopyng along the norther shoare perceived the smoake of a fyre under a hylles side, whereof they diverslye deemed when they came nearer the place, tliey perceyved people whiclie wafted unto them, as it seemed, with a flaggc or auncient. And bycause the can- niballes and countrie people had nsed to doe the lyke when they perceived any of our boats to passe by, they suspected them to be the same. And coming somewhat nearer they might perceive certayne tents and disecrne this auncient to be of mingled colours, black and white, after the English fashion. But bycausp they could see no shippe nor likeli- hoode of harborow within five or sixe leagues aboute, and knewc that none of oure men were wonte to frequent those partes, they coulde not tell what to judge thereof, but imagined tliat some of the shyppes being caried so highe wyth the storme and mistes, had made shipwrackc amongest the ise or the broken ilandes there, and were spoylcd by the country people, who might use the sundrio coloured fiaggc for a policie to bring them likewise within their daunger. Whereupon the saide C'aptaine, wyth his com- panies, resolved to recover the same auncient, if it were so, from those base, cruell, and man-eating people, or else to lose their lives, and all togither. One promised himselfe a payre of garters, another a scarffe, the third a lace to tye hys whistle withal of the same. In the ende, they discerned them to be their conntreymcn, and then they deemed them to have lostc theyr shyppes, and so to be gathered togythor for theyr better strength. On the other side, the companye a shoare feared that the Captayne having loste his shippe, !' 270 THK THIIU) VOYAGE Hunt eijomel mihl. OnptRino York nrrivcil. came to sceko forth the fleotc for his rclicfV' in hys poorc pinncssc, so that their extremities caused cache parte to suspect the worste. The captaiiie nowc with his pinncsse being come neere the shoarc, commanded his boate carefully to be kepte afloat, least in their nccessitie, they mii^ht winne the same from hym, and secke first to save then)selvcs (for everye mannc in that cause is nexte himsclfe). They haled one another according to the manner of the sea, and demanded what cheare ; and either partie answered y'' other, that all was well ; whereuppon there was a sodaine and joyfull oute- slioote, with grcate flinging up of cappes, and a brave voly of shotte to welcome one another. And truelyc it was a mostc straungc case, to sec howc joyfull and gladdc everye partie was to sec themselves mectc in safeti ■ againe, after so strange and incredible daungcrs ; yet to be shorte, as theyr daungcrs were greate, so their God was greater. And here the company were workyng uppon newc mines, which Cajitayn Yorkc being here arrived not long before, hadde foundc out in this place, and it is named the Countr.se of Sussex Mine. After some conference wyth ourc friends here, the Cap- taine of the Atme Frances departed towardes the Countesse of Warwickes Sounde to speake with the Generall, and to have triall made of suchc mettall as he hadde broughte thither, by the goldfinders. And so determined to dispatche againe towards his shippc. And having spoken wyth the Generall, he received order for all causes, and direction as well for the bringing uppe of his shippe to the Countesses Sounde, as also to fraight his shippc with the same ore he himsclfe hadde found, which upon triall made, proved to be very good. The thirteenth of Auguste, the saide Ciapitainc mcttc to- gither with the other Ca])itaines (Commissioners in counscU with the Generall) aboorde the Aydc, where they considered lit OF CAI'TAIN KUOHISIIER. 271 poorc irtc to ; nccrc kcptc le same evevyc icd one mandcd tliat all ill oute- ive voly t was a ; evcryc after so as thcyr e mines, before, ountr ^sc jhe Cap- lountesse , aiiil to n-oughte ^ispatclie ^yth the bction as iuutcsses ore he led to be lictte to- Icounsell Insidovcd and consulted of sundric causes, which, particularly rei»istrcd by the notarle, were appointed, where and howe to be done againste an other yeare. The fourteenth of August the Generall with two plnncsses and good numbers of men, wcnte to IJearc's Sounde, com- luanding the said capitaine with his pinnessc to attend the service, to see if ho could encounter or apprehend any of the caniballcs, for sundry tynies they showed themselves busy thereabouts, sometimes with seven or eight boates in one company, as though they minded to encounter with ourc compauye, whichc were working there at the mines, in no greate numbers. Tint when they perceived anyc of ourc shippes to ride in that roade (being belike more amazed at the countenance of a shippe, and a more number of men) didde never shewe themselves againe there at all. Where- pe!I[,'i„"'„'i!r fore oure men soughte with their pinnesses to compassc ®'"'"' aboute the ilaud, where they did use, supposing there sodainely to intercept some of them. But before ourc men coulde come neare, having belike some watch in the toppc of the mountaines, they conveyed themselves privily away, and lefte (as it shouldc seeme) one of their great dartes be- hinde them for haste, whiche we foundc neare to a place of their caves and housing. Therefore, though our Generall were very desirous to have taken some of them to have broughtc into Englandc, they being nowe growen more wary by their former losses, would not at any time come within our daungers. About midnight of the same day the captaine of the Anne Frances departed thence and set his course over the straites towards Hattons Tlcdland, being about fiftecne leagues, and returned aboord his ship over, the five and twcntithf^ of Auguste, to the greate coniforte of his company, who long expected his comming, where he foundc hys shyppes ready rigged and loaden. Wherefore he departed from thence agayne the next morning towardes the Count- esses Sounde, where he arrived the eight and twentith of the m THK THIllI) VOYAGK A lioiise biiildnil nnd Icit tliuru. same. By the waye he sctte hys miners ashoare at Beares Soundc, for the better dispatche and gathering the ore to- githcr, for that some of the ships were behinde with their fn ighto, the time of the yeare passing speedily aM'ay. The thirtith of August the Anne Frances was brought aground, and had viij great Icakes mended, whiche she had received by means of the rocks and isc. This daye the masons finished a house whiche Captaine Fenton caused to be made of lymc and stone upon the Countosso of Warwickes Uande, to the ende we mighte prove against the nexte yeare, whether the snow coulde overwhelm it, the frosts break uppe, or the people dismember the same. And the better to allure those brutish and uncivill people to courtesie, againste other times of our comming, we Icfte therein dyvers of our coun- trie toyes, as bells, and knives, wherein they specially de- light, one for the necessarie use, and the other for the great pleasure thereof. Also pictures of men and women in lead, men a horsebackc, lookinghisses, whistles, and pipes. Also in the house was made an oven, and brcade left baked therein, for them to see and taste. We buried the timber of our pretended forte, with manye barrels of meale, pease, griste, and sundrie other good things, which was of the provision of those whych should inhabite, if occasion served. And insteede therof we fraight oure ships full of ore, whiche we holdc of farre greater price. Also here we sowed pease, corne, and other graine, to prove the fruitfulncsse of the soyle against the next yeare. ^Nlaister Wolfall on AVinters Fornacc preached a godly sermon, which being ended, he celebrated also a communion upon the lande, at the partaking whereof was the capitainc of the Anne Frances, and manye other gentlemen and soldiours, marrincrs and miners wyth hym. The celebration of divine mistery was y" first signe, senle, and confirmation of Christcs name, death and passion ever knowen in all these quarters. I'hc said M. Wolfall made sermons, and OF CAPTAIN FROmSHER. 273 t Beares L' ore to- ith their y- brought ; she had daye the ;aused to '^arwickes cte yeare, 3ak uppc, : to allure istc other our coun- cially de- thc great n in lead, es. Also •ft baked th manye I things, inhubite, iht oure cc. Also -irovc the a godly iininunion capitaine men and Icbration firmation en in all ions, and celebrated the communion at sundrie other times, in severall and sundrie ships, bicausc the whole company could never meet togither at any one place. The fleet now being in some good readinessc for their lading, y^ General calling togither the gentlemen and captains to consult, told them that he was very desirous y' some further discovery should be attempted, and y' he wouldc not only by Gods help bring home his shippes laden with gclde ore, b it also meant to bring some certificat of a further discoverie of y" countric, which thing to bring to passe (having sometime therein con- sulted) they foundc veryc harde, and almost invincible. And considering that aliCvidy they hadde spcnte some time in searching out the trending and fashion of the mistaken straites, and had entred verye farrc there^i, therefore it coulde not be saide but that by thys voyage they have notice of a further discovery, and that the hope of the passage thereby is much furthered and encreased, as ap- peared before in the discourse thereof Yet notwythstand- ing, if anye meanes mighte be further devised, the captayncs were contented and willing, as the Gencrall shoulde ap- pointe and commando, to take any enterprise in liandc. MHiichc, after long debating, was fouiul a thing veryc im- possible, and that rather consultation was to bee had of re- turning honiewarde, cspeciallye for these causes following. First, the darke foggy mistes, the continuall fallyng snowe and stormy weather which they commonly were vexed with, and nowc daylye ever more and more encreased, have no small argument of the winters drawing neare. And also the froste everye nighte was so harde congealed within the sounde, that if by cvill happe they shoulde be long kepte in wyth contrarye windes, it was greatly to be feared that they shouUl be shutte uppe there faste the whole yeare, whych being utterly unprovided, would be their utter de- struction. Againe, drinckc was so scant throughout all the flectc, by means of the great leakage, that not onely the T emisulta- tioii for ii tuillier ilia- coveiio. 274 THE THIRD VOYAGE provision whyche was laydc in for the habitation was want- ing and wasted, but also cache shyppes severall provision spent and lost, which many of oure companye, to their great griefe, founde in their returne since, for al the way home- wards they drank,, nothing but water. And the great cause of this lekage and wasting was, for that y® great timber and seacole, which lay so waighty upon y^ barrels, brake, brused, and rotted y« hoopes in sunder. Yet notwithstand- ing these reasons alledged, y" Gcnerall himselfe (willing the rest of the gentlemen and captaines every man to looke to his severall charge and lading, that against a day appointed they shoulde be all in a readinesse to sctte homeward) him- selfe went in his pinnesse and discovered further northward in the straytes, and found that by Beares Sound and Halles Hand the land was not firme, as it was first supposed, but all broken ilandes in manner of an archipclagus ; and so, with other secret intt^igence to himselfe, he returned to the fleete. AVhere presentlve, upon his arrivall at the Countesses Sound, he began to take order for their return- ing homeward, and first caused certayne Articles to be pro- claymed, for the better keeping orders and courses in their returne, which Articles were delivered to every captayne, and a»*e these that follow : — ARTICLES SETTE DOWNE BY MARTIN FROBISHKR, ESQUIKR, CAPTAYNE GKNERALL OF TIIK WHOLE FLEETE, AP- POYNTED FOR THE NORTHWEAST DISCOVERIES OF CATAYA, PUBLISHED AND MADE KNOWEN TO THE FLEETE FOR THE BETTER OBSERVING CERTAYNE ORDERS AND COURSE IN THEIR RETURNE HOMEWARDE. 1. Firste and principallie he doth straytcly charge and commaunde, by vcrtue of hir Majesties commission which he hath, and in hir Majesties name, that every captayne and captaynes, master and masters of the sayde fleete do vigi- Icntly and carefully kcepc company with the Admirall, and OF CAPTAIN FUOniSHER. 275 by no manner of mcanes brcakc companyc willingly now in our returne homewards, uppon pcync of forfeture his or their whole freyte, that shall be found culpable therein, and further to receyvc suche punishment, as to hir Majestie shal seeme good therein, and also to answere all such damages or losses as may happen or growe by dispersing and break- ing from the fleete. And therefore for the better keeping of companye, the Generall straytely chargeth and com- maundeth all the maysters of these shippes, and every of them, that they repayre to speake with the Adinirall once every daye, if he or they may convenientlye doc it, uppon payne of forfeting of one tunne fraightc to hir Majestie, for every daye neglecting the same. 2. Item, that every mayster in the sayde fleete observe and keepe orderly and vigilantly all such articles as were outwards bounde, drawen, and published by the Generall in hyr Majesties name, whereof there was dcly vered to every shippe a copie. 3. Item, that all captaynes and maysters of everye ship and shippes doe proclaime and make it knowen to their companye, that no person or persons within the sayde fleete, of what condition soever, doe take or keepe to theyr use or uses any ore or stones, of what quantitie so ever it be, but forthwith upon publication hereof, to dcly ver them and yeelde them to the custodie of the captayne to deliver unto the Gene- rall his officers, that shr.U be appointed to call for them upon payne or losse of his or their wages, and treble the value of them or him that shall be founde giltie, the one halfe thereof to be given unto him that shal apprehend any suche person^ and the other halfe at hir Majesties appoynt- ment, and the partic founde guiltie therein to be appre- hended as a fellon. 4. Item, that no person or persons convey or carrie out of any ship or shippes any ore or stone or other commoditie whatsoever were had or found in the land called Meta In- T 2 '■ i| 27G THE THIRD VOYAGE cognita, before they came in the place appoyntcd, which is against Dartford Crecke in y® River of Thames, and then and there to deliver none to anye person or persons, but such as shall be appoynted by hir Highnesse most honorable Privie Counsell, upon the payne and danger abovesaid. 5. Item, forasmuche as in my voyage hither bounde, I landed upon Freseland, and divers other of the said ileete, which land I named "West England, from which land some brought stones, ore, and other commodities, whereby here- after they might use coulorable means, to convey as well ore, stones, and other things found in the abovesayd land, I do therefore charge every person and persons in th' sayd flcete to deliver, or cause to be delivered, al maner of ore, stones, and other commodities founde as well there as here, to the captaynes of every shippe or shippcs, to be redelivered by him or them to the Gencrall, upon payne and danger aforcsayd. 6. Item, that if any shippe or shippes by force of weather shall be separated from the Admiral), and afterwards happen to fall, or shall be in danger to fall into the handcs of their enimies, that then all and everye suche shippe or shippes shall have spcciall regard before his falling into theyr handes, to convey away and cast into the seas all suche plattes or cardes, as shall be in any suche shippe or shippes of the abovesaide discovered lande, and all other knowledge thereof. 7. Item, that if any such shippe or shippes by force of weather shall be separated from the fleete or Adniirall, and shall afterwardcs arrive at any port in England, that then in such case he shall not depart from that porte, but shall give order and advertisement to Michaell Locke, treasourer of the companye, by whom hee or they shall have order from the Lordes of the Privie CounccU what they shall do. 8. Item, forasmuch as sundry of the fleets companies have had lent them crowes of iron, sledges, pixeaxcs, shovels, OF CAPTAIN FROmSJlER. 277 liich is d then as, but lorable id. indc, I . llcete, d some y here- as well land, I IP sayd of ore, as here, divercd danger ^veather happen of their shippcs theyr 1 suche shippes owlcdge force of all, and then in lall give ourer of cr from ■ 0. ucs have shovels, spades, hatchets, axes, and divers other instruments for mines and mining used. And also dyvers of the sayde kind of instruments above named, was Icfte at the Countesse of Sussex mine by ^he Aydcs companye, and are yet kept from their knowledge by such as wrought at the sayd myne, which instruments do apperteyne to the righte honorable and worshipfull company of the abovesaide discoverie. I do therefore charge all captaynes and maysters of every shippe or shippes to make it knowen to his or their com- panies, to the end that all such instruments, as well those lent, as those that are otherwise dcteyned and kept away, may be agayne restored, and broughte aboord the Admirall upou payne and danger expressed in the third article. By me, Martin Frobisher. THK FLEETES RETURNING HOMEWARD. Having nowc receyved articles and direction for oure returne homewardes, all other things being in forwardnesse and in good order, the last day of August the whole ileete departed from the Countesse Sound, excepting the Judilh and the Anne Frances, who stayed for the taking in of fresh water, and came forth the next dayc and mette the flcete lying off and on, athwart Bcares Sounde, who stayed for the Generall, which then was gone ashore to dispatch the ^^^^^^ two barkes and the Bussc, of Bridge water, for their load- i'"""=^^'"'J- ing, whereby to get the companycs and other things aboordc. The captayne of the Anne Frances having most part of Lis company ashore the first of Sciitember, went also to Bcares Sound in his pinnessc to fetch hys men aboordc, but the winde grew so great immediately uppon their land- ing that the shippes at sea were in great danger, and some of them hardly put from their ankers, and greatly feared to be utterly lost, as the Hopewell, wherein was Captayne Carew and others, who could not tell on which side their di'nger was most, for having mightie rockcs threatening on HIS THE THIRD VOYAGE the one side, and drivin^.^ ilands of cutting isc on the other side, they greatly feared to make shipwrack, y* ise driving so neare them that it touched their borde sprete. And by meanes of y^ sea that was growen so hie, they were not able to put to seas with their smal pinnesses, to recover their shippes. And, againe, the ships were not able to tarrie or lye athwarte for them by meanes of the outrageous windes and swelling seas. The General willed the captaine of the Aime Frances with his companye for that nighte to lodge aboorde the Basse of Bridgewater, and went himself with the rest of his men abordc the barkes. But their numbers were so great and the provision of the barkes so scant that they pestered one another exceedingly. They had good hope that the next morning the weather woulde be faire, wherby they might recover their shippes. But in the morning following it was farre worse, for the storme con- tinued greater, the sea being more swollen and the fleete gone quite out of sighte. So that now their doubts began to growe great, for the ship of Bridgewater which was of greatest receit, and wherof they had best hope and made most accompt, roade so far to leewarde of the harborow mouth, that they were not able for the rockes (that lay be- tweene the winde and them) to leade it out to sea with a sayle. And the barkes were so already pestered with men and so slenderly furnished of provision, that they had scarce meate for sixe dayes for such numbers. The Generall in the morning departed to sea in the Gahriell, to seeke for the fleete, leaving the Busse, of Bridge- water, and the Michael bchinde in Beares Sound. The Busse set sayle, and thought by turning in the narrowe channell within the harborow, to get to windewarde ; but being put to leewarde more by that meanes was faine to come to ancker for hir better safetie amongst a number of rockes, and there left in great danger of ever getting forth againe. 'I'he Michacll set sayle to follow the Generall, and OF CAPTAIN FROBISHER. 279 could give yo Busse no rcliefc, although they earnestly de- sired the same. And the captaine of the Amie Frances was Icftc in hardc election of two evils : either to abide his fortune with the Basse, o[ Bridgewatcr, which was doubtfull of ever getting forth, or else to be towed in his smal pin- ncssc at the sterne of the Michael thorow the raging seas, for that the barkc was not able to receive or releeve halfe his company, wherein his daunger was not a little perillous. So, after resolved to committe himselfe, with all his com- pany, unto that fortune of God and sea, hee was daunger- ously towed at the sterne of the barke for many myles, untill at length they espyed the Anne Frances under sayle, harde under their lee, which was no small comforte unto them. For no doubt both those and a great number moe had perished for lackc of victuals, and convenient roome in the barkcs, without the helpe of the sayde ships. But the honest care that the maister of the Anne Francos had of his captaine and the good regarde of dutie towards his General, suffered him not to depart, but honestly abode to hazarde a daungerous roadc all the night long, notwithstanding all the stormy weather, when all the fleete besides departed. And the pinnesse came no sooner aborde the shippe, and the men entered, but she presently sheavered and fel in pecces, and sunke at the ships sterne with al the poore mens furniture : so weake was the boate with towing, and so forcible was the sea to bruse hir in peeces. But (as God woulde) the men were all saved. At this presento in this stormc manye of the fleete were dangerously distressed, and were severed almost al asunder. And there were lost in the whole fleete well neere xx boates and pinnesses in this storme, and some men strokcn over boorde into the sea, and utterly lost. Manye also spente their mayne yardes and mastes, and with the continuall frostes and dcawe, the roapes of our shippes were nowe growen so rotten, that they went all asunder. Yet, thanks wmm 280 THE THIRD VOYAOK A fruitful new iliiiid discovcieJ. be to God, all the flcetc arrived safely in Englande aboute the first of October, some in one place, and some in another. But among other, it was most marvellous how y^ Basse, of ]>ridgewatcr, got away, who being lefte bchinde the flecte in great daunger of never getting forth, was forced to sccke a way northwarde, thorowe an unknowen channel full of rockcs, upon the back side of Bcares Soundc, and there by good hap found out a way into the north sea (a very daungcrous attempted, save that neccssitie, which hath no lawe, forced them to trie masteries. This foresaide north sea is the same which lyeth upon the backc side of all the northe lande of Frobishcrs Straits, where first y" Generall himself in his pinnesscs, and some other of our company have discovered (as they affirmc) a great forelandc where they would have also a greate likclyhoode of the greatest passage towardes the South Sea, or Marc del Sar. The Basse, of Bridgcwater, as she came homeward to y" southestwarde of Frescland, discovered a great ilande in the latitude of degrees which was never yet founde before, and sayled three daycs alongst the coast, the land seeming to be fruitcful, full of woods, and a champain countrie. There dyed in the whole flecte in all this voyage not above fortie persons, whiche number is not great, consider- ing howe manye ships were in the flecte, and how strange fortunes we passed. A GENERALL BRIEFE DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTREY, AND CONDITION OF THE I'EOrLE, WHICH ARE FOUND IN "WETA INCOGNITA." Having now sufficiently and truly set forth y® whole cir- cumstance, and particular handling of every occurence in the three voyages of our worthy Generall, Captayne Fro- bishcr, it shal not be from the purpose to spcake somewhat in generall of the nature of this countrcy called Mcta In- OF CAPTAIN FROBISIIKR. 281 : aboute another, iussc, of be flccte to sceke I full of there by (a very hath no lie north f all the Gcncrall company ie where greatest Dward to ilande in e before, seeming rie. yagc not consider- strange EY, AND i:nd in lolc cir- rence in •ne Fro- omewhat lie fa In- cognita, and the condition of the savage people there in- habiting. First therefore concerninp' the topo"raphicall description a topofpn °^ . pliioill do- of the place. It is nowe foundc in the last vo acfc that H'riiti"" < '■ ~ Metii In- Queen Elizabeths Cape, being situate in latitude of oouuita. degrees and a halfe, whiche before was supposed to be parte of the firme land of America. And also all the rest of the south side of Frobishers Straytes, are all severall ilands and broken land, and likewise so will all the north side of tlie said straytes fall out to be, as I thinke. And some of our company being entred above 60 leagues within the mistaken straytes, in the third booke mentioned, thought certaynely that they had deserved the firme lande of America towards the south, which I thinke will fall out so to bee. These broken landcs and ilandes, being very many in number, do seemc to make there an archipelagus, which as they all differ in greatncsse, forme, and fashion one from another, so arc they in goodnesse, couloure and soyle muche unlike. They all are very high lands, mountayncs, and in most parts covered with snow, even all the summer long. The norther lands have lesse store of snow, more grasse, and are more plaync countreys ; the cause may be, for that the souther ilands receive all the snow, y' the cold winds and percing ayre bring out of the north. And contrarily the norther partes receive more warme blastes of milder aire from the south, whereupon may grow the cause why the people covet and inhabit more upon the north partes, than the south, as farre as we can yet by our experience perceive they doe. These people I judge to be a kinde of Tartar, or rather a kind of Samowey, of the same sort and condition of life y' the Samoweides be to the northeastwards, beyond Moscovy, who are called Samoweyes, which is as much to say in the Moscovy tong, as eaters of themselves, and so the Russians their borderers doe name them. And by late con- ference with a friend of mine (with whome I dyd sometime 282 THE Tlimn VOYAGE travcll in the parts of Moscovy) who hath great experience of" those Somoweides and people of y" northeast, I finde, that in all their manor of living, those people of the northeast, and these of the northwcast, are like. They are of the eoloure of a ripe olive, wiiich how it may come to passe, being borne in so cold a climate, I referre to y® judgement of others, for they are naturally borne children of the same couloure and complexion as all the Americans are, which dwell under the equinoctiall line. They are men very active and nimble. They are a strong people, and very warlike, for in our sighte, uppon the toppcs of the hilles, they would often muster themselves, and after the man<^r of a skirmish, trace their ground very nimbly, and mannagc their bowes and dartes with great dexteritie. They goe clad in coates made of the skinnes of beastes, as of ceales, dere, beares, foxes, and hares. They have also some gar- ments of feathers, being made of the cases of foules, finely sowed and compact togither. Of all which sortes, we broughte home some with us into England, which we founde in their tents. In sommer, they use to weare the hearie side of their coates outwarde, and sometime go naked for too much heatc. And in winter (as by signes they have de- clared) they weare foure or five folde uppon their bodies with y^ heare (for warmth) turned inward. Hereby it ap- peareth, that the ayre there is not indifFerente, but eyther it is fervent bote, or else extreeme colde, and far more exces- sive in both qualities, than the reason of the clymate shoulde yeclde. For there it is colder, being under degrees in latitude than it is at Warhus in the voyage to Saint Nicholas in Moscovie, being at above 70 degrees in latitude. The reason hereof, perhaps, maye be, that thys Meta Incognita is much frequented and vexed with eastern and northeastern windes, whiche from the sea and ise bringeth often an intoller- able cold ayre, whiche was also the cause that this yere our straites were so long shutte up. But there is great hope and OK CAPTAIN FHOHISIIER. 283 cricnce Ic, that rthcast, of the I passe, gcmcnt le same , which I strong ; toppcs nd after bly, and . They f ccalcs, me gar- !S, finely ptes, Ave n founde aric side for too lave de- bodics )y it ap- ythcr it exccs- shoulde rees in 'Nicholas The )gnita is icastcrn ■intoller- ere our ope and likclyhoodc, that further within the straights it will be more constant and temperate weather. These people are in nature vcryc subtil, and sharpe wittcd, rcadye to conceive our meaning by signcs, and to make answere, well to be undcrstoode againe. As if they have not scene the thing whereof you askc them, they wyll winck, or cover their eyes with their hands, as who would say, it hath bene hyd from their sighte. If they undcrstande you not, whereof you aske them, they will stoppe their cares. Tiiey will teach us the names of cache thing in their lan- guage, which we desire to learne, and are apt to learne any thing of us. They delight in musickc above measure, and will keep time and stroke to any tune which you shal sin^,", both wyth their voycc, hcadc, handc and fcete, and wyll sing the same tunc aptlyc after you. They will rowc with our oarcs in our boates, and kepe a true stroke with ourc mariners, and scenic to take great delight therein. They live in caves of the earth and hunte for their dinners or prayc, even as the beare or other wildc beastcs do. They cate rawe fleshe and fishe, and refuse no meatc, howsoever it be stinking. They are desperate in their fight, sullen of nature, and ravenous in their manner of feedinge. T'heir sullen and desperate nature doth herein manifestly appeare, that a com panic of them being environed of our men, on the toppe of a high cliffe, so that they coulde by no meanes escape our handes, finding themselves in this case distressed, chose rather to cast themselves headlong downe the rockes into the sea, and so to be bruscd and drowned, rather than to yceld themselves to our men's mercies. For their weapons, to offende their enimies, or kill their pray withall, they have dartes, slings, bowes, and arrows headed with sharp stones, bones, and some with yron. They arc exceedingly friendly and kinde harted, one to the other, and mourne greatly at the losse or harme of their fellowes, and cxprcssc their griefc of minde, when they part one from ^^p ^84 THE THIRD VOYAGE an other, with a mouriicfuU sonj,', and DirgQiP. They arc very shamclast in bewraying the secretes of nature, and verye chaste in y* manor of their living : for when the man which we brought from thence into Enghind (y" hxst voyage) shouhl put of his coat, or discover liis whole body for change, he would not suffer the woman to be present, but put hir forth of hys cabin. And in all the space of two or three moncthes, while the man lived in company of the woman, there was never any thing scene or perceived betwecnc them more than might have passed betwecnc brother and sister : but the woman was in all things very servicable for the man, attending him carefully, when he was sick, and he likewise in al the meatcs whiche they did eatc togithcr, would carve unto her of the sweetest, fattest, and best morsels they had. They wondred muche at all our things, and were afraide of our horses, and other beastes, out of measure. They be- gannc to grow more civill, familiar, pleasant, and docible amongst us in a verye shorte time. They have boatcs made of leather, and covered clcanc over, saving one place in the middle to sit in, planckcd within with timber, and they use to rowe therein with one ore, more swiftly a great dcale, than we in our boatcs can doc with twentie. They have one sort of greater boatcs Avherin they can carrie above twentie persons, and have a mast wyth a sayle thereon, whiche sayle is made of thinnc skinncs or bladders, sowed together with the sincwes of fishes. They are good fishermen, and in their small boatcs, beeing disguised with their coates of cealcs skinncs, they deceyve the fishe, who take them rather for their fellowe ceales, than lor deccyving men. They are good marke men. With their darte or arrowe they will commonly kill ducke or any other foule in the head and commonly in the eye. When they shoote at a greate fishe with anye of theyr 01' CAPTAIN VIlOMISIIEn, 285 hey are re, ami he man voyage) ehange, put hii' jr three woman, me them 1 sister: the man, likewise Id carve hey had. fraide of rhey be- l docible d clcane )lanckcd ilh one )ates can boates have a ■ thinnc icwes of , becing deceyvc dcs, than r arrowe e in the of theyr dartes, thry use to tyc a bladder tlicrounto, whereby they may the better findo them ngaine, and the fishe not able to Carrie it so easily away, for that the bladder dothc boy the darto, will at length be wcerie and dye therewith. They use to traflikc and exchange their commodities with some other people, of whome they have such things as their miserable country and ignorance of arte to make, denyeth them to have, as barres of iro«, heads of iron for their dartes, needles made foure-squarc, certayne buttons of cop- per, whiche they use to wearc uppon theyr forheads for ornaments, as oure ledycs in the Court of England do use great pcarle. Also they have made signes unto us that they have seen gold and such bright plates of mcttals whiche arc used for ornaments amongst some people with whome they have conference. We found also in their tents a Guiney bcane of rcddc couloure, the which dothe usually grow in the bote coun- treys : whereby it appereth they trade with other nations Avhiche dwell farrc off, or else themselves are great travel- lers. They have nothing in use among them to make fyre withali, saving a kind of heath and mosse which groweth there. And they kindle their fyre with continuall rubbing and fretting one sticke againste another, as we do with flints. They drawe with doggcs in sleads upon the isc, and remove their tents thcrwithal, wherein they dwcl in sommer, when they goe a hunting for their praye and provision againste winter. They doc sometime parboyle their meate a little and seeth the same in kettles made of beasts skins : they have also pannes cutte and made of stone very artificially : they use preaty ginr is wherewith they take foule. The women carry their sucking children at their backs, and do feed them with raw flesh, which first they do a little chawe ]\'ping our course (for the most part) N.W. and by W. and N.W. untill the 19 said at none, at which time we went in 60 degrees of latitude, and to the eastwards of Friscland, 30 leags, by the rcckening of some 40, and 50 by others, and bearing N.W. and by W. and W.N.W. of us at the going clown of the sunne, but at that time we had not made th j land perfect, and so sayling untill mydnight, we came nerer unto yt and made yt perfectly. At which tyme we shot of a pece of ordo- nance to geve the flete warning thereof: I judge the voyage is better to be attempted, followed and used by the west parts, then by the north parts, as well for the avoyding of much cold within the north passage we had, ar, allso redyer windes to follow our said viadge, as by the falling out of this passage doth appere. The 20 of June, lo78,earely in the morning, the Generall caused a small pynnas to be hoysed out of the Ayde, and with her he passed a boord the Gahricll, and did beare in with the land sayling alongst yt, untill he found a sound to enter in uppon the south side of the land, which sound after he was cntred, called yt Luke's Sound, by reason of one Luke Ward that went with him a land ; in which sound tliey found people and tents, but the people fl.pd from them, and they entred their tents, finding thereby by all things therein that they arc a people like the people oi Aleta In- r -2. ANOTHKK ACCOUNT OF I Ml', co'^nita with like boalcs of .ill sortcs, hnt the Gcncrall doth tiikc them to be a more delicat people in lodging and feeding then the other : They found of their seals whieh they had taken sundry, and other victuaill which they could not tell what flcbh or fish y t was : At their said tcntc they found allso 40 yong whelps, whereof 2 they brought away with them, they are allso like the dogs of the place afore named : Some of our men that were witli the Generall aland did see in their tente nayles like scupper nayles, and a tryvet of yron, but the Generall toke order with the company, that none shold bring any of their things away: The Generall hath named this iland. West England, and a certayn hedland up[)on the south side, he hath called yt Furbushers foreland, with other names he hath geven to particular places which I know not. The said at night we departed thens with the winde N.E. and sayled W.N.W. towards the Streits untill 9 or 10 a clock the 21 said. The 21 said the winde N.W. we sayled N.E. and by E. towards the said West England to make better discovery of yt, bycause yt served not iis to precede of our pretended viagc, and so sayling till 3 a clock, yt fell caulme, being 10 leags from yt: About 6 a clock the winde at N.N.E. we sayled N.W. and by W. towards the straits. The 22 the winde at E.S.E. we sayled N.W. and by W. untill none, and then we met with great store of yse, of broken ilands in great peeces, which we iudge to be the ilands dissolved, that were there scene the last yere and driven upon the N.W. coast, by reason of the easterly windes which we had comming hitherwards, and for that we coveted to discover more of the north west coast by reason of clere weather which we had, we were the rather put amongst them, and thereby to clere ourselves of them againe, to sayle south, S. and by W. and S.W. for the space of 3 or 4 howres with a great gale of winde : And we feared the coast to lye IlllUD VOYAGK, IJV r.DWAIll) SKlJ-MAiN. 293 all (loth . feeding:? they had not tell und alUo icm,lhcy Some of e in their yron, but one shold th named ippon the and, with which I indc N.E. 9 or 10 a and by K. iscovcry of pretended , hcin^^ Ifi N.E. wc [ind by W. of ysc, of to be the t yere and prly windes |we coveted Dn of clere Jit amongst he, to sayle |)r 4 howres :'oast to lye out more westerly then we could make yt by reason of fof,'gy weather and thereby might have bin driven uppon a lee coast, but ofter we found ourselves clere of the yse wc saylcd agayne N.W. and by W. with the winde at S.E. untill the 25 said, and then the winde came \V. and we mailed N.N.W. untill the 27 said, at which time we came amongst as well great ilands of yse, as allso great quantity of broken yse of botii sides of us being shotte within chunnells' of them, whereby yt was iudged that we were open of the straits, and we made sundry foggy land to be the Queens foreland, and thereuppon did beare the bolder in amongst them, at which tyme wc found our selves in the latitude of 62^ and some 02}^. And the 28 said they observed the latitude by the sunne and found them in G2!^ of latitude and afterwards had sight of 2 ilands to the northwards of Warwicks foreland, and after had sight of the same foreland, we being to north- wards of yt 14 or 16 Icags. And the said day we lay to the ofwards south-east and south-south-east : And the 29 said south-west, tlie winde at W.N.AN . untill the 30 said, and then we sayled south and by E. and S.S.E. untill v/e came in the latitude of GIJ^ the first of July, at \v-hich tyme we had the winde at S.S.E. and then wc sailed in W. And the 2 said wc had sight of the Queens foreland and sometimes did beare in N.W. and by W. and N.W. finding stragling over all the straicts and after we did beare in further uppon the south side we found great quantity of yse driving together, yet we had sundry channels to pas betwene them, and after that wc sent the pynnas from the ship to discover the best way our passage amongst them, and so wc followed with divers other of the ^leete after tiie pyntuis, untill she could not pas any furdcr, fynding the yse all closed abowt us, and afterward sent our boate and pynnasscs of divers of the fletc to brcake a small neck of yse for passage farder places that we did see clere : and at tliat tyme the winde began to blow vcre boystrous at the S.S.E. and caused the sea to heave aud 294 ANOTHKH ACCOUNT OF TUB set very ciuell ; at that instant \vc were divers of llie ficto in a f^reat clianiicU indifferent free of ysc, in which ehannell we determined to spend the night with bearing small sayles, being environed with yse : The bark Denis at that tyme plying up and down, did strike uppon a great yse and there perished, so that the boates which were sent to breake the yse for passage, returned to her to save her men and pre- sently after the ship did sink down right ; divers of the flete, notwithstanding with small sayles did ply up and down in the same ehannell, and others as they could fynde all that night, but we in the Aydc, and the Thomas Alia did forsake yt, bearing no sayle, but lay adrift amongst the yse all the night, being terribly tormented therewith untill 11 of the clock, the 3 of July, occupying our men with oares, pikes and other powlcs to break the force of the yse from beating of the ship as much as we might, notwithstanding we had terrible blowes therewith, and were preserved by the mighty power of God from perrishing, contrary to our expectations. The winde afterwards comming to the S.W. and having the with us, we did drive out, soraetyme setting sayle and sometimes a hull south east: And being allmost out of the danger of the yse, we did discrye the most of the flete, which rejoyced us very much : And the said 3 day about night, some of us talking with others did understand we were all in safFety, except onely the Michael of whome as yet we cannot understand where she ys, we did armc the bowe of the ship with sundry planks of 3 inches thick and with capstayne barrs and junks, for that the yse stroke terribly against that place of her in so much that some of the planks did perrish with the blowes : The rest of the flete except one or twc more did not pas the like mysery, by reason they did kepe the ehannell betwene the yse with small sayles, which we could not do, for that our ship was long, and could not work with her as others did : And be- sides that yf we had kept that ehannell with sayle, where THIRD VOYAGE, BY EDWAIU) BELLMAN. ildb lie fletc Imnnell I saylcs, at tynie 1(1 there :ake the ind pre- s of the lid down c all that 1 forsake 50 all the 1 of the res, pikes 1 beating cr we had le mighty icctations. aving the ting saylc Imost out the flete, ay about ■stand we Iwhome as armc the Ithick and sc stroke some of f the fletc ysery, by yse with ship was And be- le, where the rest did, we had burdcd one an other and thereby perished, as we had like to have don by the ship of Wey- nioutii (owner Hugh Randall) in boording of us that night by drift and forcing uppon us by yse, the boystrous winde that then did blow did cause us to unrig and take down both our topmasts for the ease of the ship, the which topmasts we did hang over boord allso to save the ship from the yse. The 4 said being in the morning clere withowt the streicts and the winde at west, we did sayle S.S.VV. bearing alongst the coast of America, fynding yse driving from the coast as though yt were long hedges into the sea to the eastwards, we sayled as aforesaid untill 4 a clockc at afternonc, and then we layde yt a hull, untill 6 aclock the 5 said, and then we sailed southwest alongst America coast, the winde at W. northwest untill the 5 said at night about 6 aclock at which tyme we had sight of the coast, and very huge ilands of yse, higher than ever we did see any, at which time we did cast about and did lye north of the land, the winde as before untill the 6 said at night, at which time we were within the streicts and did perfectly make the Queens forelande ; to the southwards of the Queens foreland, we had sight of a head of a land, being from yt about 20 leags, which untill we had taken the latitude of yt we made yt to be the Queens foreland all but the Master Robert Davis oncly, but he would not agree to yt, nor so allow yt, alledging sundry reasons to prove the contrary by his marks when he saw yt a few dayes before. The 6 said being as aforesaid shot within the Queens forelande on the south side, the winde ( ime up to the S.S.E. and did blow a great gale, and the weather waxed thick and foggy, and therefore all the night we layde yt a hull. And uppon the 7 said following we had sight of the north shore as we toke yt : And the 8 and 9 we did beare wyth yt and alongst yt lying north and by west, but did not make yt perfectly ; some imagining rather that yt was the S. side of the Queens foreland (as afterwards yt •w^ 296 ANOTHKK ACCOUNT OF TIIK proved in dcdo), and Master Hall of the same opinion, but yf yt fall out so, they were decey ved with the settMig of the tides. The Gcnerall and our master could not be dissuaded, but doth still make yt to be the north shore, thr Gcnerall assuring himself thereof to this present (the 10 said) that yt is so, and Jame Bcare allso, but being foggy and darkened with mystcs, they cannot yet make yt perfectly, I pray God send yt clere, that we may make yt perfectly : Alongst the said shore in sight and out of sight by reason of fogs, we did runne in by the judgement of the master 35 leags bearing sayle and hulling, and there did remaine hulling being dark and foggy untill the 16 said, at which tyme we had yt somewhat clere, and thcreuppon did bcare towards the shore to make yt, at which tyme we did fall with the opening of a sound which we made the Counte's Sound and did beare in with yt, all men that had scene it the yere before (except two, called Stobern and Bert) allowed yt to be the same, which afterwards proved the contrary : The 17 said we toke the altitude of the sunne and found us but in the latitude of 62 and 10 minuts, and thereuppon found the error which wc were in, then knowing that we were uppon the S.side of the S. shore called the Queens foreland, and with the winde at W. we did beare out agayne, and the 18 said being shot out so far as to the masters judgement that we had sight of the Queens foreland being E. from us and then running alongst till we brought yt thwart of us the weather being foggy, notwithstanding wc did alter our course more northerly and brought us to be impatched with great quan- tity of yse and dark weather, being allso shot very nere the 6hore,'still thinking that we had byn at the Queens foreland, and altering our course more northerly, did bring ourselves hard aboord the shore, at which tyme yt pleased God to geve us sight of yt, and thereby found yt did not lye as the Queens foreland did, fynding us deceyved and not so far shot as the said foreland, but being imbayed uppon a lee THIRD VOYAOR, BY KDVVARD SKI.I.MAN. 21)7 on, but ; of the suadcd, jcnerall ) that yt arkencd I pray Alongst fogs, we 35 Icags ! hulling tyme we ; towards with the ound and the yeie iwcd yt to i: Then )ut in the the error he S. side the winde )cing shot id sight of n running her being Irse more reat quan- nere the s foreland, ourselves tod to geve lye as the not so far ppon a lee coast and in sight of divers ilands and rocks, not knowing how to escape with life, and in the depe of 50 faddoms of water, so that we could not well anker, but yet sometimes in niynde to anker yf we could have got a poynt of an iland which we made unto, and then fearing allso we shold have had byn put from our anker, or greatly impatched with yse which we were allso amongst and then caulmc, and could not get of from the rocks or ilands which we did sec, did strike all our sayles to anker, but before we were all ready to cast anker, the Eternall God (who dclivereth all men being in pcrills) did send us a gale of winde to beare of from the said ilands, but afterward we wished that we had ankercd there, for that when we were of a small way from yt we sounded and found us in but 7 faddoms of water and hard rocks, we lying under sayle towards the west which was our best way, for sure we were we could not dubble the land to the eastwards, the winde being at S.S.E. and the land lying E.S.E. and W.N.W. we after yt pleased God to send us 10 faddoms and then 17, and then 25, and so into 30 and 40, and allso did sonde us the winde at W.S.W. so that we did lye S.S.W. of into the sea untill we came into l!20 faddoms with our sayling and towing out with our boates, still having the eb with us untill night and then being caulme and little winde, we did strike our sayles and did lye a hulling, so that the find did port us in towards the shore againe untill we came into 80 faddoms, and then we were forced to make a brude of cabells, and did anker untill the eb did come being the 19 day of July in the morning, at which tyme we did set sayle with a small gale of winde, the winde at S. and by E. and did sayle S.W. and by W. the weather still foggy. The 20 said the weather began to clere, the winde westerly, at which tyme we had sight of the ships that were before in our company, and towards the afternone we came to speake^ with some of them, and they declared that some of our company were in 2 faddoms of water uppon •iwf 298 ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE • the lee shore, being in great danger amongst the rocks and broken grounds, and delivered by Gods all mighty power thus twise from perisshing, towards night yt waxed somwhat foggy agayn, and a little before night we having sight of a point of land, bearing E.S.E. of us making yt the Queens foreland, wc did beare with i ach sort as we thought to go clere of yt, and the land ^^ .ng out farder then we had sight of yt, we being not so far shot out of the streict that we were in by 20 leags which 20 leags we were in furder then we made account of, being entred within yt at the least 60 leags, fell agayn in danger of that land in the night, but kept us of from yt, by our sounding lead : And in the morning the 21 said yt waxed clerer, and then we made the land of the Queens foreland perfect and towards night opening a great bay at the wester end of the souther parte of that land, which we imagined to go through into the Streicts of Frobusher, which to make *-iall thereof, the Gabriall was sent to discover, and we bea about with the easier end of yt the 22 towards nigix^, td sight of the Gahriell comming into the streicts through that sound passage at the Cape of Good Hope, so that it is proved that the land of the Queens foreland to be an iland ; the Gahriell having order to passe to the Countesses Sound, did beare in towards yt, and we followed untill we could not passe any farder for yse lying so thick, and the Gahriell being within the yse, did still beare up into the streicts, and we forced to retire out- wards agayn, being very much impatched therewith all the whole night. The 23 said we had sight of the Anfraunces, whose com- pany we lost as before said, and when we came to the si)ceche of the captayne and master, they declared they had layn of and on open of the streicts 12 dayes and could not entre for fogs and yse, and was in danger before that uppon the lee shore of the S. side after she de^^tirted from us. The 24 said the Generall being mynded to beare into the iC8 and power jmwhat ;ht of a Queens light to wc had iict that 1 furder the least ght, but I in the nadc the Is night r parte of ; Streicts hriell was ister end Gabricll ice at the md of the \\\