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1^ -irrniTTTaj;. ' ..;-jri.ii

■ oy UIST J.S aS9D

WORKS ISSUE1> BY

CDf ?^aMugt ^onetg.

THK

THREE VOYAGES OF MARTIN FROBISHER.

M.DCCc.r.xvir.

LONDON: T nlCIIAIlDS, 3r, ORtAT qUEEN SThEEl W.C

^Jiiy^ nt^rH B *»r4WtJ £r -^ "

MARTINUS FBOBISKERUS, EQUES AURATU9.

THE

THREE VOYAGES

MARTIN FROBISHER,

IN SEARCH OF A PASSAGE TO

CATHAIA AND INDIA BY THE NOETH-AN'EST,

A.D. 1570-8,

^tprintcb from tlic ^trst (^bition of |l;il;luri{'s ^^onngcs,

WITH SELECTIONS FROM

MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENTS IN THE r.RiXISH MUSEUM
AND STATE PAPER OFFICE.

Rear-Admiral RICHAPtD COLIJNSON,

c.v,

I- O N DON:
PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY,

M.prrr.i.xvii,

y6/

^«^""^^^!^«i^^^B^O*WW

Tim

INT£

^^0

HENRY (JRINNELL, ESQ.,

OK NEW YOHK,

THIS EDITION OF MAKTIN PROBISHEr'S TIIKEE VOYAGES IN SEAKCII

01 A PASSAGE TO CATIIAIA BY THE K.W.

IS DEDICATED,

AS A TRIBUTE OF RESPECT AND ADMIR \TTON,

NOT ONLY FOR HIS CORDIAL AND GENEKOUS CO-OPERATION

IN THE SEARCH FOR SIR JOHN FRANKLIN AND HIS COMPANIONS,

BUT ALSO FOR THE

INTEREST HE HAS SHOWN IN, AND THE AID HE HAS AFFORDED TO,

POLAR EXPLORATION IN THE PRESENT DAY

BY HIS OBEDIENT SERVANT,

RICHARD COLLINSON.

"3'!)004-

SIU II

COUNCIL

TIIK JIAKLUYT SOCIETY

«IU IlODKniCK IMPRY MURCIfiaox, R.nr,, K.C.n.. O.C.Sl.S., VMS., D.C.L.. Corr
Mem. Inst. l.\, Jlon. Mom. Imp. Acad. So. I'otersburg, etc., etr., I'nKsiDKNT.

Rkar.Admibal C. R. DUINKWATKR UKTHUNK, C.B.^

The Rt. Hon. Sib UAVIl) DUNDAS, M.P. | Vl-K-l'

Tub niaiiT IfoN. U. U. ADDINGTON.

Rev. O. 1>. BADOKR, F.H.G.8.

.1. BARROW, Ksq., F.R.S.

K. H. HUNIiUUY, Esy.

Rear.Admihal R. COLLINSON, C.H,

Sir IfKNUY ELLIS, K.H., F.R.8.

OenkkAt, C. fox.

R. W. GRKY, KsQ.

JOHN WINTKK JONKS, KsQ., F.8.A.

JOHN W. KAVi:, Esq.

His Excellency the COUNT VK LAVHADIO.

'J'HOM.\S K. LYNCH, Esq.

R. II. M.\JOR, Esq., F.S.A.

Sir CHARLES NICHOLSON, Uart.

Cai'Tain SHKRARD OSBOKN, R.N.,C.B.

Major.Oener\l Sir HENRY C. RAWLINSON, K.C.B

Viscount STRANGFORU.

RB8IIIENT8.

CLEMENTS It, MARKHAM, i:3.j., F.g.A., Hunobary Secretauy.

IN'rK()J)U(TJUN,

I'^ivi-; yoars iii'ler llio disooveiy of America by CJolinnluis,
llic l!]iiglisl), bnfHcd in tlicir aMcnipts to read i Katliay
by tli(! N..E., turiiod their alleiitioii in another diroo-
lioii, ami on tlie morning of ihe i24tli of .luiie, 14.97,
Newfoundland was dise.overeil by .b»hn ('alif»t. Tims
began those series of memorable voyages Avliidi have
been contimied, unto our day, with l)ut short inter-
ru])tion, until the northern seaboard of the American
continent has been perfectly discovered. The annals
of these Arctic voyages have been read and re-read,
])ul)lished and r(>-|mblished, evil', ing the deep interest
which generation after generation has taken in these
touching records of skill and daring, perseverance and
lonfj-sutlejins ; and well mav we tui'ii to them with
|)ii(h' and pleasure, txhil)iting as they do such proof of
I hat spirit of maritime enter})rise which always has been
(jJreat J.))'itaiirs boast and glory.

In the year 1500 the discovery of the Cabots was
followed u]> by (b'is])nr de (Jortereal, in two shi|)s from
iiisbon, and attention was attract m I to the value of
the lisheries on the coast of Newfoundland, and in
]r)04 snnUl vessels from Biscay, IJretagne, and Nor-

^^[OT^^^««OT

VIII

INTIIOUUCTION.

raandy resorted thither for this purpose. In 15()G
Jean Dcnys drew a map of the Gulf of St. Lawrence ;
and in 1.517 no less than fifty Spanish, French, and
Poituoncso ships were employed in this fishery. In
1527, Iv. Thoriic of Bristol (who assisted the Cabots in
the equipment of their vessels for the first voyage)
sailed with two ships for the discovery of the N.W.
passage, but was never after heard of

In 1534. Jacques Cartier sailed from St. Malo with
two ships, and explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In
1.53() an attempt was made by one hundred and twenty
Englishmen to form a settlement on Newfoundland,
but they suffc red the extremity of famine.

In 1548 the English fishery on the American coast
had become an object of national importance and legis-
lative encouragement.

The result of these discoveries was published to the
world in Gerard Mercator's Mappe Monde, in 156" 9 ;
and as this date will bring us to the j^eriod when we
are told (s(?e p. 70) " Captaine Frobisher began first
with himself to devise and then with his friendes to
conferrc, and layd a plaine platte unto them that that
voyage was not only possible by the Northweast, but
also, as he coulde prove, casie to bee performed," this
will be the place to describe the arrangement which
has been adhered to in this edition of Frobisher's
voyages. The text is taken from the first edition of
Hakluyt's voyages (1578), in the Grenvillc library at
the British Museum, an extremely rare book, with two
maps, to 1)0 found in only one other copy. On the
i('(]uipition of our President, and by the kindness of

INTRODILTION.

the gentlomcii in cluirgo of the inanusciipts at tlie British
.Museum and at the public Eccorcl Office, access has
been ol)taiiied to several important documents hitherto
uu])u1jlished, and which have been arranged previous
and subsequent to tlie several voyages to which they
refer. George Beste, the author, served in the second
and third voyages ; and in his preface to the first
voyage will be found a curious account of the know-
ledge of the world at that period, which will greatly
i)iterest those who are not already familiar with
Hakluyt's volumes.

I am indebted to Mr. W. B. liye, of the British
Museum, for the following account of the expenses of
the first voyage, which is abstracted from the report of
the Commissioners on the Public Records, folio, 1837.

The amount of subscription to tlio first voyage amounted to
£875,

Bill for ^Faps and Nautical Listruiiients.

£ s. d.
Piiid for a book of cosmograpliie in French of Andreas

Thevet . . . . .240

Paid to Humphry Cok and others —

For a greate globe of metal in blanke in a case . 7 13 4
For a great instrnnient of brasse named Armilla

Toloniei or Ilemisperiiim . . . 4 8

F(n' an instrnment ol' brasse named Sphera Nautica 4 8
For a great instrument of brasse named Compassum

Meridianuni . . . . 4 G 8

For a great instrument of lirassc named IToh^metrum

Cieometricum . . . .10

Foi- a great instrument of brasse named Horologiimi

Universale . . . . 2 (! 8

Fur a Huge of brasse named Annulus A stronc micas 1 10 ()
For a little standing level of brnsse . . »> H

For an instrninrnt of wood a stafe named llalestetta F! 4

«. 1.^."

INTllODUCTION.

()

■>

(»

(•)

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'I.

;{

For ii, very great oaric of navigation

l''(»v a great niajijx; iinivorsall of Mcrcator in pronto

Kor three otlior Binall mappos prcnted

For G cartes of navigaiiou written in blaeke ])arcli-

nu-nt wliereof ]■ ruled playne & 2 ruiuide
l<'or ii liible Engli.she great volume
I'or ii eosmograpliical glasse & castell knowlego
Foi- a new World of Andreas Thevciu Englislio it

French .....
For a Regiment of Medena (Spanishe)
For Sir John Mandevyllc (Englishc)
I'or 20 compasses of divers sorts
l*'or 18 hower glasses . ,

For a astrolabium . . . .

The following drugs shew the contents of a ship's medicine
chest in Queen Fli/abeth's reign: — Anibra Grisi oriental, Cibeth',
Masehe orienial, Agallorbi, Ligne Aloes, Rubarbi agarisi, Tur-
penti, Diiigridii, Cipri India, Tui'merick, Calam aromatica, Irios,
Galanga, ]\fyrrlia fine, Mastichus, Argenti viti, Ladderi, Aumno
Gomme, Oppoponax, 0])pen, Allocs, Bellzonica, Styrax Calnnie,
Myrobboralia chebue Bellerichi, ludioru citrini, Ledoria, Spiea
Nardi, C'ardamonii, Lignc Rhode, Colucuthes, Magaritc, J^oli
oriental, Ijiipis Lazuli, Cantatri Citomi, Corralina, Coralli Ilubili,
Rorax, Cani])hora, Castorium.

Among the jiayments maclo by INIichael Lok for tlic
furniture of the first voyage the following occur —

J''or bote liyre of Mr. Furbishcr following his bussy-

ness alle this tyme . . .10 lO

Raid to Ducke upliolsier for beddinge for Mr. Cap-

tayne Frobiser . . . . 3 10 o

Raid for a bottell of aqaavite for Mr. Frobiser paid it

to his numnc Rorrowes . . . U lO

Raid to Mr. Frobiser on accompte as followithe for
bcarc and brende at laiinchinge of the llnbriell and
for maryners dyners then . . .0 111

I'aid to Kicholas Cooke for aquavite 3 hogsheads ])aid

lo Anllionye Dullilile lirufi- . . .13 18

.0(1

!.\

JNTIIODUCTION.

Paid lor V tonne of beair ii(. 't'i.^'. bonj^lit of my Lnvd

Adminil by Artlmr Pelt
J'iiid to Mr. Fiobiisor at divers tymi's for his j)iiyn(!s
tiikeing on tliis voyage (t In's ondevor untill liis
rctorno which was paid to cUm-c him out of Eng-
hiiul one the voya^^e
i'iiid for divers implonionts of lioushold necoHsaryo for
tlie shi]))tes furniture as followitlic : —

For a great kcttk^ ])an brasse with yr(;n ball

For a great bassone ot brasse to l)iike one

For a bukinge pan of yron witli eover

For a eliafiinge dish of bi'asse .

For a skimer of l)rasse

For a greatc potte of yron for meat

l'\)r a little ])ane brasse with handle yrone

For a try vet yrone

For ij fi'inge ])iin('R

For a drippinge jtune yron

For a grydyron

l'\)r ij spyttes

For a payre of ]»olto hokes

For a slyse of yron

For a fleshoke of yron

l''oi' ij hokes yi-on flat

For a clever great choppinge knyfe of yron

For iij wooden platters ^Muskovia painted

For a great bassone or ewar of pewtar

For iij pyiile bottes of beai'e & wync

For a saltesellar of ])ewtare
Summo of all the said cliarges of furnytui'e of the
said shipj)es outvvardes coste as foUowithe : —

For implements liowshcld

For wages of nu'n ....

For instrumentes of navigatione

For vyttelles . .

For ordonans munition

For tackelinge of shii)pes

Foi' buyldingo the sliippe (iahru'll & iUe i)y»ace

Id jo I)

HO (I (t

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'213

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172

newe")

Foi- the i^hipe Mirknel, with furnitur of her bought 120 o (»
Siiininc un1w!irdi!s ol' sliip])inge...X'r20o 11 8

Xll

INTRODUCTION.

In the State Papers .subsequent to the first voyage
^vill be found — J\lic]iael Loks aecount of his connection
with Captain Frol>iscr, p. 87 ; ]\Ir. Lockes tliscours
touching the cure, p. 92 ; and an account of the cost
])rovision, togetlier with the names of the venturars in
the second voyage, p. 103.

The subscriptions for the second voyage amounted
to £5,150. The expedition consisted of 143 persons,
viz., 36 ofHcers and gentlemen, 14 mynars and fynars,
64 mariners on board the Ayde, 16 in the Michad,
and 13 in the Gahriel.

The account of the second voyngc will be found at
p. 117. The collection of State Papers subsequent to
the second voyage contains, among other things — The
bryefe account of the expenses of the second voyage,
and the names of the venturars, p. 164 ; the trials of
the ore, p. 170.

The third voyage was undertaken upon a much
larger scale, consisting of the ships Ayde, Michael,
Gahriel, and Judith, belonging to the Company, to-
gether with nine other ships hired for the voyage, and
arrangements were made for Captain E. Fenton, with
one hundred men, to establisli a fort at Meta Incog-
nita. The ships brought home 1,206 tons of ore, which
were deposited at Dartfonl, and considerable works
seem to have been carried on there in smelting and
refining the ore.

The State Papers relative to the outfit for the third
A'oyage contain — A proportion of the charges for a
thyrd voyage, ji. 209 ; the inventorie of the ship Ayde
(a curious document deseril)ing her rig aud furniture),
]\ 21 s.

mgs

iN'TnonrcTioN*.

XIII

third
for a
Aydc
turc).

Tlic third voyage commences at p. 220. The State
Paporr subsequent to ih" third voyage relate princi-
])ally to the difficulty exjx-ricnced in collecting the
subscriptions, pp. 319-321 ; Mr. Lok's accounts and the
answers thereto, pp. 325, 326, 332 ; all the stock o\'
the venturers in all the three voyages, p. 358 ; the abuse's
of Captain Furbi.shcr against the Companye, p. ;^'5I).

On the conclusion of the third voyngo, when it was
discovered that the ore would yield no return, ^Messrs.
Neale and William Baynham wen; appointed, ].)y letters
dated Augu.st 12th, 1580, and ]\liiy Gtli, 1581, to audit
the accounts. This report recapitulates the names of
all the subscribers for the three voyages -and the l»uild-
ings at Dartford. The subscriptions for the three
several voyages amounted to £20,345, of wliicli the
(»>ueen advanced £4,000. In the account of the pro-
j)erty of the Company it is mentioned that Thomas
Allen received of Captain Frobisher two ingots of fine
gold, weighing 9 pennyweights 8 grains, and two in-
gots of fine silver, weighing 7 ounces 18 pennyweights,
which said gold and silver proceeded of the melting
and workinfj of four cwts. of the ore brought from
Meta Incognita in the second voyage. Tiiat of the
foresaid workes done at Dartford in the melting and
rifining IG tonnes of ore whereof proceeded 210
ounces of fine silver mixed with gold, which was de-
livered to Richard Young.

Amongst the assets of the Company is stated to be
at Dartford 1,300 tons of ore remaining, valued at
£13 : G : 8 per ton = £1,733 : G : 8. No further in-
formation can be collected respc^cting thr ore, but it is

^^^w^^p^^^pt-

XIV

i\'n;oi>C('Tio\.

to be prcsiuiieil that it did not turn out so valuid)lo,
because we find it subsequently recited that tlie like
ore may be obtained for £(] a ton, wluneas this cost
the Company £16.

In the appendix will be fountl a list of the relics of
the Frobisher expedition brought home by Mr. ('. F.
Hall in 1 8G8, which are now deposited at the lloyal
(Geographical Society ; and I am one of those who believe
that his exertions in exploring King AN'illiam's Laud
for the journals and records of the Franklin expedition
will be attended with success. When this island was
visited by fSir L. McC'lintock and Captain Hobson, the
oround was covered with snow. j\lr. Hall intends
passing the summer upon if, and the knowledge he
has obtained of the Esquimaux language and character
during his two years' residence in Frobisher Soujid
will enable him to gain their confidence.

The two mnps which accompany the narrative are
fiicsimiles of those in the first edition of Hakluyt (lo7S).
The island " Croc land,"' in the N.W. corner of the
second map, is in all pro])ability a misprint in the
original, as in Mercator's " Mappe Monde'" (15(i9)
there appears an island called Groetland in this posi-
tion.

The portrait is taken from the Henrologia, and has
been engraved by iVEr. S(3ott.

In Watts' Bihliotheca Britannia, ed. 1824, the fol-
lowing account is given of Frobisher's voyages : —

" A true report of Mr. Martin Frol)isher his third
and last voyage, 334 o, l.^TT.

" A true report of the last voyage into the west and

INTHODlc 'I'loN.

nortlici'ii regions, etc., ^vo^tll('ly atchfiiicd by Ciiptainc
Frol)i.slior, of the said voyno;o the first Fiiulor and
(icncrull, S4(5 r, I.-jTS.

"A I'raysc & ropoite of JMuister iArartiii Froltishcra
Voyage to Alota Incognita, 2:25 fj, 1571).

"A Welcome hf»me to Mr. JM. Frobishcr & all those
oentlcincn and soiddiers that have been with him tiiis
last iourney in the countrey called jVlcta Incognita,
which welcome was written since this bookc^ was pnt
to the printing & ioyned to the same booke for a true
testimony of ( 'hurchyardes good will for the further-
ance of iMaister F.'s fame, 2'2.'jf:'

In the BlUiothcca GrenvilUana, under Froljisher,
p. 25.0, vol. i, is the following : —

" A true discourse of the late voyages of discoverie
for tlic finding of the passage to Cathaya by tlie Nortli-
weast, vnder the conduct of Martin Froljisher, Generall :
Deuided into three bookes, London, by Henry Bynny-
man, maps, 4to, 1578.''

This is the first account of all the three voyages of
Frobisher in 157G-77-78 by George Beste, who sailed
with him : it is extremely rare ; a separate and differ-
ent narrative of the second voyage only 1)y Settle, wlio
lik(»wise sailed with Frobisher, was printed in 1577, i)i
1 2mo., and is also extremely rare ; but the pecuiinr
value of this copy is in its po.ssessing the two maps.*

"La Navigation du Cap. INTartin Forl)isher Anglois es
regions de west et nordwest en I'annee 1577. Pour
Antoine Chuppen." 1578, woodcut, 8vo.

Tliis French translation is of great rarity.

* Tlu'so are the two maps which arc <;iv('n in tlii.s eillHon.

■^^r

s5JJUA^«...54J^l^

XVI

INTI!(>|)I("IM»N'.

"Do Martiiii Foi-bissi'ii Anj^li Niivigatiouc in n'<''(»nr
occideiitis ft scptcutrionis, Narratio lli.storia ex Gal-
ileo Bormono in Latinum tian.slata por .loan. Tho.
Fnigiuin Noribergoc in off. Catharine Ocrlaelion." 1 5 So,
8vo.

This is the first Latin edition of Frobislier's st'coiui
voyage.

"Histoiia navigationis Martini Forbisseri Angli Prcr-
toris aive Capitanii a.c. 1577 ex Anglia in septcntrionis
et occidentis tractum susccpta ei»hemeridos sive diarii
more conscripta et stilo tricnnioque post ex Gallico in
Latinum sermonem a J. T. Frei^io translata Hand)iir<»i
sumptibus J. Naumanni." 1G7.5, plate, 4to/*

It ai)pears that the account of the voyage was also
translated into Italian, as in Lowndes' lianjra pi ileal
Manual there is the following : — " Scopuniento dcllo
Stretto Artico et de ]\Ieta Incognita dar Geo. Lor.
Anania." Naples, 1.'582, 8vo.

In the Restitvta, by Sir Egerton Brydges, \'ol. ii,
will be found " A Rythm Dccasybillical ujion this last
luckie voyage of worthie Captainc Frobisher," of which
the following are the first and third verses :—

" Through sundrie foming- iVetes and storming streightcs,
That venturous knight of Ithac's soylc did sayle ;
Against the force of Syren's caulmed heiglites
His noble skill and courage did prevaile.
His hap was hard, his hope yet nothing fjailo ;
Not ragged rocks, not sinking series or sands.
His stoutness stayed from viewing foreign ];inds.

* I am indebted to our V'cc-President, the Right Hon. Sir
David Dundas, for the loan of a copy of this curious vohimc,
as well as for references, which have assisted nir grenlly in
dniwing up this iicconnt. En.

INTKOIUHTION.

XVII

•' A riij;lit lu-ioical liciii-f (if IJriliimic blood,
VKsscs' iiuil(;li in skill luid murtiiil mi^lit.
For Princes fame and euunirios Hpccial ,t,'o()d,
Throujrh brat-kisli soas wliero Neptnne reigncs by right,
Hath safely sailed in perils great despight.
The golden fleeee like Jason hath ho got,
And rich retoiirned saunce Iossq or lucklesse lot."

AllliAHAM FlRMINO.

In conclusion, I have to acknowledge the assistance
jinfl ready help which I have received from Mr. K. IT.
jNlajor of the lU'itish Museum, whose knowledge, not
only of wiiat was required, hut where it was to he
ohtained, h;is been of the greatest service to me in
l)re[)ariiig this edition.

siK.iMAjrriN fii()I}|siii<:h. knt.

" A most vjilouroiiH nmii, iiiid oik! tliiit is lo ho i-cckonotl
imi(mj,'.Hl (lie IniiutUHoat iiion of our ago for comisell mid glory
gotten ill sea." (Jiimdi'Ji, -Snl edition, lO^o, |). -lUIi.

TiiK lollowiug iiceoimt id" the lil'c of Sir Mnrtin
Froljislicr liiis liccii derived iVoni Fuller's Wtnihics,
Ciunden, ( 'iiinplieUs Lives of ike Admirals, Barrow'a
Naval Wort/lies of Queen Klizahelh's Reign, Notes and
Queries, p. 47S, June Mtli, 1.S5J), I/istori/ and Anti-
(/((ities of Doncaster, by Dr. Miller, and iMS. papers in
the British Museum.

iJr, Miller says — "It appears that Francis Frobisher*
was mayor of Doncaster in ISSi), and was probal)ly
the father of JMartiu. Ihifortunately, the parisli re-
gister does not CDmmence the baptisms until 1558.
However, 1 have found the baptism of several of his
relations, viz.: 15(51, May 30th, C*hristian, daughter of
William Frobisher; 15 (J 4, March 2nd, Darcye, son of
the same : ] ^){]Cy, March 1 Sth, Matthew, son of the
same: 15fi7, Jan. 18th, Elizabeth, daughter of ihe
same, in Manerser's Account of Yorkshire Faniilies
it is stated that the father of Sir Martin Frobisher re-
sided some time at Finningley; his mother was daugh-

Wil-

ter (o Mr. Rogers of Everton

His grandfather

* HlsU>nj 'I ml AiiHijuHicx iif Ihiir.adnr.

■ MmM

THK LIFE OF

Ham married Margaret, daugliter of \\'illinm Jjoyrilon,
of Burmston, Esq. His great groat grandliither,
Francis, was recorder of Doncaster, and married
Christian, daughter of Sir Brian Hastings, Knt."

Campbell, in his Lives of the Admirals, tells us that
his father bred him to the sea, but we have little
account of his early years.

In the State T\^per Office {Domestic, KUzahcth, vol.
xl, June 11th, l.OGG) there is a paper entitled Exami-
nation of Martin FrobislKir, of Norman ttjn, co. of York,
on suspicion of his having fitted out a vessel to go to
sea as a pirate ; and there is little doubt l)Ut that he
was engaged on a voyage to Guinea about this time.

Campbell eontinues— "He distinguished himself first
by undertaking tlui discovery of tiie north-west ])as-
sag*^', wherein he had no succ<'ss ; yet it gaincid liini
great reputation, as he discovered a new promontory
or cape, whieli he called tlie Queen's Foreland. In
1.'377 he undertook a second expedition, and in l.")7'S
a third, in all which he gave the highest ])ro()f of his
courage and conduct in providing for the safety of liis
men, and yet [tushing the discovery lie went upon as
far as it was possiljle ; so that, notwithstanding his
disappointment, lie still preserved his credit in spite of
a little accident, which would certainly have oxer-
turned the good opinion (Mit(M-tained of a less esteemed
commander."

Among the State Papers {Domestic, Elizabeth, cxlvi,
1080) there is a grant to M. F. (Martin Fi-obisher) of
the office of cK^rk of U.M. ships; and in the same
scries, vol. cli, 17. I.")S1. is a ))etition of Tsaliel Fur-

lion

sill iMAUTlN KKOlilSHKl!.

XXl

Idislicr, <'om]»liiiniiig that Ca}>t. F. (wlionie (iod i'orgivo)
liiul .si)ciit all tlic inoiK.'y loft her and her chiklroii l»y
Thomas lluoi^at, her first husband. It is liowcvcr to
be hoped that Ik; was not long in getthig ovi^r the
dilticulties oeeasioned 1)y the failure of the north-west
ore, for \v(j iind him in l.'iS.'i commanding the Prim-
rose as vice-admiral, Sir V. Drake being admiral in the
Elizaln'tli Bonaveriturc, in tli(.' fleet that was sent to
th(! West Indies, when the booty bi'ought home was
i;()0,000 and two hundred pieces of brass cannon; and
there is no doubt that in this ex))(!dition he must have
a<lded to the reputation which he had already gained,
for when the country was thrciitened with invasion by
the Spanish Armada, the Lord High Adtniral, in
writing to the (J|ueen, says — "Sir V. Drake, Mr. Jiaw-
kins, Air. Frobisher, and Mr. 'J\ Fenner are those
whom the world doth judge to be men of the greatest
experience that this realm hath."' Hoisting his flagon
hoard the Trium])h, one of th(; lai'gest ships in the
navy, he, in company with Sii- V. Drake in the lla-
venfje, and Sir .). Hawkins in the Victory, made the
iirst attack on th(; Spaniards, and took an inijioi-tant
)iait in each of the actions which led to the dispersion
of the Armada, and therein did such excellent service,
that he was amonij; the number of the few kniahts
made by the iiOrd High Admiral on that signal occa-
sion.*

* A.D. VMH. St..w(>'H A)u„ih, p. Vir.U. Upon Friday tlicrc-
Cinv, lioing- (he 'li\ of (lie iiioiiclli of .Inly, ccasiiip; IVoni finliliiifr,
till' Loitl Ailinii'al (as well for tluii- j^'ood dcscrls and lioimraMc
M rvifo, as id.so to encourage olIierK to the like valorj was desirous

--»»»» » c

X X 1 1

THE I-IFE OF

He then aj)]H';irs to luive remained in the Trlumjth
to watch the Narrow Seas, as several documents in tlie
• iState Paper Oliice prove the exertions which wen;
made to provision the iieet under Sir M. Frobisher.
In 1590 he commanded an expedition to the coast of
Spain and the Islands, and in 1592 he took charge of
the fleet fitted out by Sir Walter Raleigh ; and though
he had but three ships, yet lie made a shift to burn
one rich galleon and to bring home another. In 1591
the King of Spain sent 3,000 troops to the neighbour-
hood of Brest, where they had taken up a strong posi-
tion. Queen Elizabeth being applied to for assistance,
ordered a squadron to be prepared under the command
of Sir j\Tartin Frobisher, and in the course of the opera-
tions aizainst Fort Crozon, addressed him the followine:
characteristic letter : —

" Elizabeth R.
" 'rnistie and welbeloved, wee greet you well : wee
have seen your letter to our Threasuror and our Ad-
niyrall, and thereby perceive your love of our service,
also by others your owne good carriage, whereby you
have wonnc yourself reputation; whereof, for that wee

to advance certaine i)ci'Ronages to the degree of knighthood, for
that, behaving theiiiselviss manfully, as well with their shi]).s as
(heir good advice, tliey were wortliie that degree ol' lionor, and
so innoh the more worthie in that, being farrc separated from all
eourlly favour, which manic tinn>s imparteth the chiefest honours
uiiU) the least deserving men, I hey declared their valonr in the
\:yiit^ ol' cither fleet.

Thei'cfore the t.t'o Lords, viz., the Lord Howard and the Lord
Sheffield, Roger Townescnd, John Hawkins and Martin Pro-
bishci- were called foorth, and (he order of knighthood given
tlicin l»v tlir Lord JL Adniirall as their general!.

SIR MAirnx ntOHlsllKl;.

-Will

DiRiurs

imagine it wil be comfort unto you to undcrstiuul, wee
have thought good to vouchsafe to take knowledge of
it by our owne hande writinge.

"Wee know you are sufficiently instructed from our
Admyrall, besides your owne circumspection, liowe to
prevent any soddaine mischeife by fire or otherwise
upon our fieetc under your charge ; and yet do wee
thinkc it will worki' in you the more impression to be
by ourselfe againe remembred, who have observed by
former experience that the Spaniards, for all their
boaste, will truste more to their devices than they dare
in deed witli force look upon you. For the rest of my
directions, we leave them to such letters as you shall
receave from our (V)unsaile.

" Given under our j)rivie signet at our numsiou of
Richmond the 14th of November, in the thii-ty-sixth
yeare of our reigne, 15f)4.

"L. S.

"To onr trustie and well)eloved

" Sir iMai'tine Furlnissher, knight.'"*

This l(>tter can only have reached him on his retuiii
to J'ly mouth after the fort was takc^n, when Campbell
tells us, "The garrr son defended themselves bi-avely
till such time as Sir Martin landed his sailors, and
desperately storming the place, carried it at once, but
with the loss of several captains. Sir IMartin liimself
received a shot in his side, and this, through want of
skill in his surgeon, proved the cause of his death,
which happened at Plymouth within a few days after
his return."

* Cottonian MS., Oilin. -J, '.'.

^i^vsnnB^iE

XMV

THE r.TFK OF

The t'ollowinii k'ttor to tlic Lord Hidi Admiral must
litivc been written fourteen days before his death.

" Enghin[d]. — My humble dutie my honorable good
L[ord] the viith [of this | mounth by a batterie, under-
mininge and a verie dan[g('rous] assault wee have
taken this fort with the losse | of ] of our people

but non of any aceoumpt. They [defended] it verie
resolutlie. And never asked mercie. 8[o | [they] were
put all to the swoord savinge five or six th[at] hid
thomselfes in the rockes, many of them were slaine
[with] our Cannonn and greatt ordenaunce in defend-
inge o[f the] breatch with there Captaine one Perithos :

" It was tyme for us to goa through with it for Don
[Jolni] is advanst within six leagges of our armie with
a[n] intente to have succoured them. Sir John No| rris j
doth rise this dale and doth martcli towarde th[emj to
i\ place called old ( 'roydon : — -

"Wee are about to gett in our ordenaunce as fast as
w[e] can and so to make our repaire homewardes. Sir
J[ohn] Norris would willinglie have some five hundred
of [the] sayllers for his bettar strcinght against the
da[ie] of mee tinge with don John w[lii]cli I would
verie willinglie have don yf we had xitth^s to con-
tin[ent all] our fleett heare for the tyme : —

"I was shoott in with a bullett at the battrie alongst
[the] huckell bono. So as 1 was driven to have
an ins[ision] made to take out the bullett. So as
1 am neither [able] to goa nor ride. And the mari- ,
ners are verie unwi[]linge] to goa except I goa with
them myselfe : yctt [yf | I find it to come to an ex-
tremitie we will [try] what we arc able : yf we ha<l

sii! MARTIN rr.onisTrKR.

XXV

vittlcs it were [verie] easilie done lait hearc is iion to
be had. I ha[vc sente] accordingc to you"" lionours
dcrections tow shipp[e.s to] Plymouth and Dartnioutli,
wc most prcsentlic s[ailej away yf they conu> not to
us with vittles : —

" This bearer is able to certiffic you"" honours [ with]
(dl thinges at hirge. So with my humble p[rayers] to
the Almyghtie for you'' increasse in hon[our].

" Croydon this viiith of Novembre, 15.94.

" Your honours most li[und)Ic]
" to comandc

"J\lr. Mondaie arived the xxviiith of Oetobre at
13reste and brought with him a thousand crownes for
our vittlinoe the which was distributed amon2;st the
shippes.

"Martin Froobiser."*

In the register of St. Andrew's parish, Plymouth,
1594, there appears the following : —

"Nov. 22nd. Sir Martin Frobisher, knight, being
at the fort built against Brest by the Spaniards, de-
ceased at Plymouth this day, whose entrails were here
interred, but his corpse was carried hence to be liuri('(l
in London."

"Thus fell," says Camden, "a man of undaunted
courago, inferior to none of that age in experience and
conduct, or the reputation of a brave commander."'

Fuller, in his Worthies of England, says he was
" verie valiant, but withal harsh and violeiitf (faults

* Caligula, E ix, Pars i, f. 200.

t In the State Paper Ofllcc, Uomcstic, Elizabetli, cc.\i.\, August
loth, there is the following evidence of unbcconiiny words

XXVI

LIFE OF SIR MARTIN FROBISHER.

mIucIi may be dispensed with in one of his 23rofession),
and our chronicles loudly resound the signal service in
'88 for which he was knighted."

Camden, in the third edition, 1635, p. 433, thus
speaks of him : — " Neither was this victory gotten by
the English without bloud, very many valliant souldiers
being slaine, and Sir Martinc Fourbisher hurt with a
small shot in the hip, who, when he had brought back
the fleet to Plimmouth, dyed, a most valorous man, and
one that is to be reckoned amongst the famousest men
of our age for counsell and glory gotten at sea, as by
the things which I have before spoken plainly ap-
peareth."

Campbell concludes thus : — " He was one of tlu*
most able seamen of his time, of undaunted courage,
great presence of mind, and equal to almost any
undertaking, a true patriot, yet in his courage blunt,
and a very strict ol )server of discipline, even to a de-
gree of severity, which hindered his being beloved."

spoken by Sir Martin Frobisher against Sir Francis Drake,
callino: bim a cowardly knave and traitor.

STATE PAPERS PREVIOUS TO TPIE FIRST

AOYAGE.

T. NOTE OP NAVrOATIOXS IIEUETOFOIIE ATTEMPTED.

n. A uiscovEav op lands beyoxd the equinoctial

HI. A DISCOtJKSE COXCERXINCi A STIUIGHTE

TOWAKDE THE -NOKTHWESTE.
IV. A KEPLY TO TUB AHOVE DISCOUKSE.

TO UE DISCOVEKED

a« i/ ^

degree,

STATE PAPERS PREVTOITS TO THE FIHST VOYAfiE.

[Cofoninl, No. 21. fhmeati'c, cvi, No. 77. H/i:., 157*) ?]

A NOTK OF CKRTAYNE NAVIGATIONS HKRTOFFORE ATTEMPTEn
FOR TIIK, UISCQVERTK OF A TASSAOE TllUOUOm; THE
STRAIGIITES OWT OF THE NORTH E SEA INTO THE SOUTH SEA.

Ix the countrey of America towardcs the northo, al'outc the .sixtio
degree, there i.s an elbowc of a land lyinff verie farrc into the .sea, which
is called the head of Laborer. And on the southc side there is a veric
hroade bay lying towardes the westc, and of suche a breadth that it
somcth, bothe in the verie entry and after, to be a grcatc sea, ff'or yt
lyeth oute aboute three or foure hundred inylcs, and hathe verie many
ilandes, and all the yere throughe there are in the same huge heapes of
ise, which bay is called Dusmendas.

Anno 14!)f). In tlie yere of our Lord 1490, in the rcigne of kyng
Henry the Seventh, Sebastian Cabotte, who afterward was chieffc jiilot
of Spayne, was sent oute of England by the said king, with two shippes,
to fynd oute the passage oute of the Northe Sea unto the South, tiiat
the way into the countreys which are called Mangi Sepango and Cataya
might be opened ; which Sebastiane Cabotte, going furth on his voyage
by the coastes of the ilandes, that so he might come into America about
the sixtie degree, found greate mountains of ise and ilandes covered
with snowe in the moneth of Julie when he was but under the sixtie
degree onlie towardes the north, which countrey, finding contrary to his
expectacion, he went round aboute, and beholding so greate abundance
of ise, was in doubte that he should find any waye, and therforo re-
tourned into England again, which hilles of ise there growe because
dyvers rivers of sweete waters round downe from either side of the pro-
montory which is not of the salte sea water ; ft'or this is to be noted,
that the sea it self never freesethe. This daylie experience which we
have by the shippes which yerelie go oute of England into Moscovia
teacheth us whiche in the somer season retorne from thence into Eng-
land in fyve monethes space. At which tyme of the yere oure countrey
men fynd no suche ise or snowe there. Althoughe they passe under the
72 or 73 degree which is xij. or xiij. degrees nerer the Pole than Cabot was.

Anno l.")00. Moreover, in the yere of our Lord 1500, one Caspar
Cortesrcales, a pilot of Portingale from the northe parte of America was
in these ilandes with two shippes, and brought with hym from thence
threescore captyves or slaves.

Hut to find oute the pa.ssage oute of the North Sea into the Southe
we must sayle to the (JO degree, that is, from (Ki unto (J8. And this pas-

4 STATE PAPEnS

sage is called the Narowo Sea or Streicto of the three Brcthcrcn ; in
which passage, at no tyme in the yere, is ise wonte to be found. The
ca\ise is the swifto ronnyng downc of sea into sea. In the north side of
this passage, John Scolus,' a pilot of Dcnmeikc, was in anno 1-17().

The southc side also of this passage was found of a Spanyard in anno
1541, who, travayling outo of Newe Spayne with a certain band of
souldiers, was sent by the vice roy into this coaste ; who, when he was
come to this coaste, found certain shippes in a certain haven which
came thither oute of Cataya laden with merchandise, having in theire
fKagges hanging oute of the foreshippcs certain bunles payntcd called
alcatrizjc. The mariners also declared by signcs that they came oute of
Cataya into that port in xxx. daycs.

[Lansdoicne MS., C, fol. 142-6.]

A DISCOVKRY OF LANDS UEYONI) THE EQUINOCTIAI,.

1. The matter hit selfe that is offred to be attempted.

2. That hit is feisible.

3. What mcancs we hauc commodiously to attchiue yt.

4. The Commodities to grow of hit.

5. An awnswere of suche difficulties and matters as maic be obiectcd.

6. That there is no injurie ofl'red to any Prince or couutreye, nor any
offence of amitie.

7. The otter for pcrformingc therof withoute her Majestie's chardge.

8. Matters thought vppon to be praied for her Majestie's good allow-
ance of the Enterprise and direction of the procedinge, alwaies both re-
ferring the particularities therof to further consideration and to your
Lordships' advice and judgement.

1. The matter hit self that is offred to be attempted.

The discouerie, traffique and cnioyenge for the Quenes IMajestie and
her subiectes of all or anie landes, islandes and countries southe
wardes beyonde the equinoctial, or where the Pole Antartik hathc
anie elevation above the Ilorison, and which landes, islandes and
countries be not alredic possessed or subdued by or to the vse of anie
Christian Prince in Europe as by the charts and descriptions shall appere.

2. That hit is feisible.

The seas and passage, as farrc as Bresill and Magellanes streight and
the Portugal's navigations to the Moluccas, which all doe lie beyonde
the zona torrida, beinge ofte and dailie passed bie theise nations and
knowen to oure owen mariners doe shew hit possible. And the more for

1 The person here reftrredto is the Polish pilot John Szkolny, whose name
is misspelt Scolvus by AVyltliet {Descript. Ptol. Aupmenhim, Lovanii, 1507,
p. 188); Pontanus (llerum. Danicantm Jlistnria, Anist., KiHl, p. 7(i:)); and
Horn {Ulyssea, Ludg. Bat., I(i71, p. ;i:ir)). He was, as here stated, in the
service of Christian II, King of Denmark in 147(i, and is said to have landed
on the coasts of Labrador, after passing Norway, Greenland, and the Fries-
land of the Zeni.

PREVIOUS TO THK FIRST VOYAGE.

i name
ir.!)7,
; ami
n the

landed
Fries-

thut the landcs which wc scko liciig not onclio bcyondo the said zone,
but iilso beyonde tlio course of the PortugallH saylyngc, und approch-
inge more to the I'olc, from the requiuoctial draweth stylle more to the
temper of Knglonde and the knowen regions of Euro|)C.

3. The mcuues that wo hauc to attchiue hit.
Ships of our owen wel prepared.

Tiio weste contrie licnge the aptcsto of all partes of Englonde for
navigation southcwarde.

l\Iiirriners and sailers to whome the passage as most thither is knowen.

The good and wclkomc commodities that from Englond shalbe caried
to that people, who, lienge in the temper of Engloud aud other partes
of Europe, cannot but lyko well of clothe whcrin we most liabounde,
and the transportation wherof is most uecessario for our people at home.

4, The commodities, etc.

The cnlarginge of Christian faithe which those naked barbarous
people are most apto to receiue, and especiallic when hit shal not carie
with hit the unnaturall aud incredible absurdities of papistrie.

The grote honor to her Majestic to have encrcscd the faith and her
d[ominions].

The aptnes and, as hit were, a fatall convenience that since the Por-
tugall hathe atteined one parte of the newefoundc worlde to the Este,
the Spauiardc an other to the Weste, the Erenche the thirde to the
Northe, nowc the fourthc to the southe is by God's providence lefte for
Englonde, to whom the other in tymes paste haue bene fyrste offred.

The cncresc of the nauigation of Englonde, of which commoditie,
both for wclthe and saftutic, euoughe can not be saidc.

The lyklihoode of bringinge in grete tresuro of gold, sylver and perlc
into this rehno from those countries, as other Princes haue oute of the
lyke regions.

The enrichinge of the rclme with all other sortes of commodities that
the same landes doe beare, which are lyke to be infynite and had with
small price and for the onclie fetchinge ; aud accordinge to the diversy-
ties of clymes, yt is moste lykelie that the manifolde diversytie of com-
modities wilbe fownde aud mustc neilcs habundc, for that by traffitjue
and exportance they haue not hitherto bene wasted.

The scttinge of our idle and nedie people to worke and providinge for
thcim bothe in the travaile of the navigation and the worke of clothes
and thinges to be caried thither.

The avoydinge of discommodities and perills that we be nowe sub-
iccte vnto, when the wclthe aud worke of our laude and people dc-
peudethe partlio vpon the will of our skante trustie neighbours for
ventinge our clothes and commodities.

The abatingc of the prices of spices and suchc commodities that we
now haue at the Portugals and Spauiardcs handes, wherby they encrcse
their riches vppon our losse, when much spices and suche lyke here

STATli I'Al'KRS

BpcDtc and bought dearc of thciin do with the Icmso quantitie cohkuiiiu
the vallewe of our clothes that they receiue.

The cncre.se of the quantitie of goldo and sylver that Hhalbe lirouglit
outc of Spaino hit self into Euglond when the commoditic.H comiuge
oute of Sjmine, hecomingc this wale chcper, and ho lessc countervailing
the vallewe of our clothes caried thyther, the ouerplus uhal come more
plentifullio hither in treasure.

That wc shall rccciuo lesso of spices and sucho commodities from
Spainc havinge them from elswherc : and so the more of the retorne of
our commodyties from thcim in gold and sylver, which nedes muste be
a grcte commoditic when at this daio reccvinge muche of our spices and
southerne wares from Spainc and at dere jirices: yet the sylver brought
from thence is said to be the chief furniture of her ilajtsties raynto.

i'). Answerc to the difficulties, etc.

The passinge of the whote [hot] clyme or zona torrida. This hathe
bene passed vi tymes by Magellaiis. The zona torrida is yerlie in everie
voyage of the Portugalle to the iMolucca; passed iiij tymes, and everie
voyage of the Spaniardes to Brasyle hit is passed twice. iSoridric of our
owen nation and some suchc as are to goe in these voyages hauo passed
hit to Guynie, IJrasylc and other places.

The Portugals whole navigation to the Moluccic, besydes his iiij tymes
in everie voyage passinge vnder the ajijuinoctial, liethc whoUie nigh the
same lyne.

The coutries that we scke soe lie that our course continucthe not ncre
the lyne, but crossinge the same, styll hastethe dircctlie to the temper
of our owen regious.

5. The perils of the Portugals or Sjjaniards violence that shall envie
our passage. Our strcngthe shali)c suche as "e feare hit not, besydes
that we meaue to kepc the Ocean and not to enter in or uere any their
portes or places, kepto by their force.

The dispeopling of Englonde. It is no dispeoi)linge. The people
aboude as apperethc by the uomber greter then can welbe ])rovided for:
and the dailie losse by execution of lawe, and no evill poUicie to dis-
burthen the land of some excesse of people.

The wastiiige of marriners and furuiturt of shippinge. It is the
encrese of marriners and the skylfullcste sorte and the provisyon of
shippinge as by the ensample of Spaine and Portugal!, and the Freucho
is sene who haue by meanes of their trafhijue to the Indies and the
Newfoudlande a grcte nomber of grete ships more then ere that tyme
they had or could set on work.

The absence of merriners and shippinge in farrc voyages when we
male nede them at homo. This reason is general 1 against all naviga-
tion to forren partes which yet is the verie true defense of the rehue.

And in all theise reasons is to be noted that none are to passe withowt
her Majestie's permission, and as to her heighncs and her couusell
from tyme to tyme shall apere mete to be spared.

I'UKVKIUS TO TIIK tlKST VOYAOK.

(i. Thut tiici'u ib no iiijurU, &c. ;

Thu Ftrunchu liiivc their |)urtiou to tho northwarJc diructlic cuntraric
to tluit which wc sekc.

Fur tlic phiccs ulrctliu ubiluud uud inhabited by thu Spaniard ur
i'urtuguli wo scko no possc8.sion nor interest. But if occasion be Ircu
Irendlic tratKi^ue with theiui aud tiiuir subiuctcs which is as hiwtull as
niiichu w)'thuut iniurio as fur tiio (Queues subiectcs to ti'aHi(iiie.s as
uierchantH in I'urtugall or Sjainu hit self.

The passage by the same seas that they doe, ottVingo to take uotiiing
from them that they hiiue ur claymo to haue ; is not prohibited nor can
be without iniurie or oH'cnsc of aniitie on tiieir parte tliat shall forliyd hit.

The voyages to Guynea and trathkinge in Mexico and in tlie vcrie
piuccM of tho Spaniards |)osse.ssion iiathe in the president of llawkyns
voyage bene defended by lier Alaje.-tie and cminsell as frendlie and
liiwfull doengcs ; much more this which is but passinge in the open sea
by theim to places that they nether hobl nor knowc. Be.syde that not
ouelie trafyke but also possession, plantinge of people and habitation
hathe bene alredie iudged lawfull for other naiiuns in suche places as
tlie Spaniardes or Portugals haue not alredie added to ther posse.-Miou.
As is proved by her .VLiJesties most honorable and lawfull graunte to
Thomas Stncle and his compaiiic fur terra Florida. Also the Ffrcncho
mens inhabitynge in Florida and IJresile, who albeit they acknowledge
the Pope's authoritie in suche thinges as they grant to perteino to him,
yet in this vniucr.sall and naturall right of traf!i<|ue aud temporall
dominion they haue nut holden them bounde by his power ; but do
expuunde his donation to the iSpaniardes and Portugals either as a
matter not perteyningc to the Pope's authoritie, or at lesto not byndinge
any other person.s princes or nations but the Spaniards or Portugals
ouelic, who onelic submitted themselucs, aud were parties to the Pope's
judgment in that behalf.

7. The offre for performinge, iSic.

The gentlemen that offre this enterprise shall at their charge and
adventure of them selves and suche as shall willinglie ioyne themselves
to their companie performe the whole voyage at their owen chardges
and toward the same shall set forward iiij good ships, wherin they will
emploie v. MIL, viz., 2,00011. in shippinge and furniture, 2,00oll. in
victails aud necessaries for the companie, and one 1,00011. in clothe and
merchandise fytte fur the people ; wherwithe we truste hit wilbe
atchived. And afterward as God shall prospere or sende occasion they
will at their owen charge pursue the same.

8. Matters thought vp&u, k.c. :

That her Majestic wilbe plesed to give her letters patcntes to the
authors and fellowship of this voyage in nature of a Corporacion.

That hit will please her Mujcstye in the .same letters patentes to [put]
wordes of her good allowance and lykinge ef their good meaninge [and]

8 STATK PAl'KRS

add suche francliizc and privcledgc as in tliis case is rei]uisytc [ami]
in the lyke hathe bene grannted.

That hit will plcso her ]\Iaicstic by the same letters patentes to
stablishe some lonuc of gouernance and authoritie in some persons of
tlic coiiipaiiio of this adventure so as by some rcgimente, obedience,
qniet vnitio and ordti' maic be preserved.

That hit will also plcsc her .Majestie to give her Ilighnes r.jieciall
letters bothc of testimonial! that these adventures bu lier h[ighnes]
subiectes entcrprisinge this voyage with her favore and also her letters
of commendations to all princes and peoples for their lovinge and
favorable enterteinement ami trallinuc.

That some speciall rules and orders suche as the companio shall
thincke nieto to bo kepte craongstc theim maie bo confirmed by her
i\Iaiesties authorytie, and further sujjplic of lyke ordinances to be
made from tyme to tymc by the gDuerncri of her lliglines, to be
ajjpointed for the direction of the voyage ; for the agreement and
obedience of the parties, for the contribution and <diarge, for the
eijuallilie and partytiou ; and sevcrallie orders to be appointed by her
I^lajestie for the stablisliinge of her M;i jetties doniynion and amitic in
suche i)laces as the shall arrive vnto, where the same siialljc to be donne,
and for the rate and trew answering of her Majesties jiortion. 'J'heise
thinges brietlie at tiie fyrste we haue thought mete to exhibitc to your
houore, who arc liable ther(jf to juilge muciie better then we are hable
to shcwe. Ilowbeit yf your l[ordship] shall not be satisfied in any-
thinge c(jnceriiingu this matter, hit maie plcse you to assigne the same,
that w|c] maie atteiide upon you wythe suche resoluciou as wo can give
therin.

[L'msi/oivne J/.S'., C, No. 4.]

A DISCOUUSE CONCKUNINOK A STUAHJHTK TO HE DlSCOVKRIOIl
TOWAUDK Tin; NOlilHAVKSTi:, PASSINGK TO CATIIAIA AND
TIIE ORIENTAI.I- INDIANS, WITH A CDIS'I'UTACION OF TIIKIU
lillUOUK THAT TTIINKi: THE DISCOV LUYI'. TIIKROI' TO UK
MOSTK CONVKNIKNTI.YK ATTEMPTKD TO THE NOKTJIK 01' liAU-
CAJ^AOS.

Consideringe Groyuelandc is well knowen to be an ilande, and tliat
it is not conioyiied to America in any parte, there is no cause of doubte
but that ui)on the northe of Uaccalaos the seas arc oi)en and no straigbte
to be there discovered, neither was it ever doubted Imt that America
was an ilande if it were not ioyned with Catliaia. So that the straigbte
is therrand not upon the Baccalaos to bo fov/nde. And this is also by
Sebastian C'abottos navigacion to bo moste manifestly approved, who
sailingo to the northweste of Nona Francia fouude the seas open many
dales sailingc, till by the mutynic of tlie mariners ho was caused to
retorne.

PRKVIOUS TO TIIK FIRST VOYAOK.

This straightc that disioynctho Asia and America of Oerardus Mor-
ciitor and other moderne cosmographers is called the Straighte of Anian,
and liethc l)y their descriptions at the leaste northwe.sto. So that from
InL'loude it is not lesse then 2(i() grailes distaunte.

Now let vs consider which were the more conveniente waic to dis-
cover the said straighte, either pas.singe vndcr the congeled Artiko
circle, for so liighc the inaine of America rechethe, or by passinge the
straighte of IMagiiianus to ascendo from the equinoctiall alonge tiic
westerne course of that Atlanticall Ilandc, as Plato semethe in his
Tinuco to tcrmc it.

The which shall the bettor apcare if the comoditie and discomoditics
of the one and the other be conipiired.

Kfirst therfore of the southerno voiadge, the discomoditics are only
these :

The lengthe of the jorneye and the crossinge twise of ZonaTorrida.

The lengthe of the jorneye is easilie examined, considering Magilianiis
Strjjite is not above 120 grades distaunte from the west of Inglonde,
and from this straightc to Anian Straighte, as they arc by cosmo-
graphers supposed, are not so many grades more, so that the vttermoste
of that voiadge is not above 240 grades sailingc. By the other nortlierno
passadge we shall, as is before shewed, be enforced to saile 200 grades
in longitu<lc and in latitude 10 grades at the leaste to ascende to the
climate of the Baccalaos, northernc Cape, and then 10 degrees more
descendinge to the supposed place of Anian Straighte. So that there
differ not betwcnc these courses above 20 grades iu true computacion.
It wilbe obiected that the grades in the one are acomptod in eirdc of
jjosition which are ciiuall to grades enuinoctiail, and in the other by
grades of paralelle not 30 grades distaunte from the polo, so that al-
thoughc in nomber of grades they smally differre, yet iu (juantitie the
southerno voiadge is farre the greater. Ileere 1 awnswere, true it is
that the degrees of the equinoctiall differ in (j[uantitie from the degrees
of a pjiralclle in (!() grades of latitude, for so is the paralelle thai is like
in the northernc navigacion to be passed, and the dill'erence is exactlio
to be knowen ; and by supputation the proi)ortion is fownde dupla,
every grade of the one being doble in (juantitie to a degree iu the
other, so as the one voiadge maic be truly saidc to be doble to the other
at the leaste. But considcringc that in discoverye of ncwe unknowen
seas I mustc neithc. r)eare stille saile liy nighte nc yet in the ilaie when
fogges or mistes shall happen (which in these partes are almoste con-
tynuallye) wheras contrarywise in the other, passinge altogether by
stas knowen and alredy iliscovcrcd, even till we come to the straighte
Roughtc, I node not refuse nighte or dale to packe on saile for my mosto
speede, being no lesse clcere in those whote and temperate toucs then
diirke and mistie in the other. And the fore albeit in <juantitie the
grades differ, yet all circumstaunces duly ivuied I may well aflirme that

STATK PATERS

in one naturall daie, and so consequently in one weeke or monethe, I will
passe more grades of my southerue voidage then can be passed of the
other.

But more particularly to examine the trothe, admitte (the soono being
in the tropique of Cancer,) I hoise saile departiiige Inglonde folowinge the
Hoone before he come to the equinoctiall lyne, I uiaie easilie reaciio
Magilianus Straightes and bestowe three weekes at the leaste in plat-
tinge and discoveringe the ilandcs and other commodities for fortifica-
tion of the said straightes if neede were. And then before the soone
aryvc to the Brumale tropique I male withe facilitie aryve to the
Straightes of Anian. So haue I nowe one whole quarter of a ycare to
discover the said straighte and to make plattes of every bale, roade,
portc or chanell therein, and to sounde all suche places as in that pas-
sadge male cause perill. In which tyme the soone wilbe arrived againe
to the equinoctiall, ai)rochiuge to the congeled Artike circle. And .so
haue I the whole Summer to retorne from the Northerne Seas, and the
3 firste monethes to employe in trafique with Cathaia or any other
ilandes to the saide straighte adioyninge, which may sufficiently occupie
the tleete till the seas be resolued. But contrariewise by the northe, it
is vtterly iupossible or not without extreme perills of liefe and expence
of victualles, without any advauutage in the meane, to discover the said
straighte, as by the reasons eusuinge shalbe manifeste.

The distante of the Straightes of Anian to the northweste course
beinge 200 grades in longitude maketh GOOO myles, alowinge 30 miles
to a grade, for suche is the quantitie of a grade in GO of latitude.
Herto if we maye adioyuc 1200 myles, which is the quantitie of 10
grades ascendinge and 10 descendinge tofore mencioned, there amount-
ethe 7200 myles.

Nowe consideringe the seas and ayre vnder the Artike circle are so
congeled that they are navigable only 3 monethes in the yeare, wherof
it is requisite to reserve at the leaste one monethe to retorne, if the said
passadge if the said passadge' sholde not be niette withall. Then ex-
amyne howe farrc in the moyetie of that quarter a man male passe, and
the possibililie of this voiadge will soone apeare.

It cannot be (consideringe the nighte muste not be navigate for
daunger of the coaste, and many tymes in the daie we inusto beare
slacke saile by reson of mistes and tfogges) that in one daie we sholde
saile above one grade or two at the vttermoste, and so in the meane
tyme before lymyted not possible to reache the thirde parte of the waie
to the desired straighte, the windo being alwaic favorable. I omitte
infynite impedyraentcs that male Ictte, as newe landes, ilandcs, capes
or other, also bayes entering into the contynente, which muste be
thoroughly searched, or els the thinge we seeke mighte easilie be pre-
termitted. Seing therforc without thies impedimentes there is no tyme

' Sic duplicfttur in MS.

spice.

l'KliVl()L>: TO THK KIKST VoVACiK.

sufficieute, howc imjiossible it is, all circumstances considered, to <loe
any good this waie, any man maie easilie judge.

Againe the discomodities by reason of the heate in the one are
nothinge so manyc nor so extrearae in the Southe as those of the coldc
proceding in the Northe. The one beinge tempered by the coole of the
nighte, which are alwaies nighe e(iuall to the daie. And the dietinge of
men so well knowen in thoe partes that no daunger is to be feared.
Bi'.t in the Northe bothe daie and nighte being freesing colde, not only
nieu't- bodies, but al.so the very lynes and tacklinge are so frosen, that
with very greate difficultie uiaryncrs can handcU their sailes, I oniytte
the rages of the seas and tenii)estuous wether, wherwith we shallic farrc
more ofte endaungered in the Northe then in the Southe. Then soinge
by this that hathc bene saide it manifestlye apearctho that by the
Southe in one yeare, the straighte maie be discovered, and by the
Northe it cannot be in a furre longer tymc, let vs also cxamyne,
whether in the meane tyme, the one or the other voiadge, for any uther
accident, maye happen to be more serviceable or commodious. Wheiiu
this is apparauute, that whatsoever Northerne Ilande shalbe discovered,
there is no other commoditie to be expected from it then only sutclie as
our Moscovian adventurers bring from Ruscia, seinge they are bothe
subiecte to the artike cirkell. But from any lande that shall in the
other voiadge be founde, we are assured to expecte, golde, siluer, pearle,
spice, riche grayne, and suche mostc precious marchaundize, besides
countreis of moste cxcellente temperature to be inhabited, if wo thiuke
it necessary, and if we a.yve to tyuiely to enter the said straighte
of Anian, yet haue we Cathaia, and all the Orientall Indians open vnto
vs for trafique, besides the waste occeatie to the Southe, which cannot
but be replenished with numbers of llandes, the leaste wherof uiighte
aboundantly suffice to furnisheour navie with the forenamed coniodilies.
If gemmes, turkesses, rubies, and other precious juells sholde not be there
fownde, wherof there cannot but be greate aboundaunce in sommc of
them. Considering that in the ilande of Ornuis and St. Laurence
lyinge in the same temperature and clymate tlicro was of olde tymc
great plentie ; and in this our age in these barbarous iiandcs more
likely to be founde, being not yet ever soughte and sifted by men of
knowledge.

By this conference it maie apcare that as by the ijouthernc voyadge
this Straighte of Anian may more sooner and withe farre lesse periil
and exspence be discovered then by the Northerne ; so dothe it also
for comodities if this streighte were not founde, as farre cxcell the other
as golde, siluer, and spice dothe waxe tarre and tallow, and in ease and
safetie to the travailer as furre excedinge as the daie dothe the nighte,
or the somer the winter ; and yet I denie not that after the straighte
shall once be founde, and all the chanels and roades sounded, the capes,
fforlauds, and bayes perfectly discovered, the enterchaungeable course of

STATE I'APEK.S,

curante tried, pcrfccte plattes and cartes of every goolfe and passadge
made, and every parte and harboroughe in his due longitude and
latitude, situate in such sorte that both daie and uighte in the cleere and
ifoggo a man neede not feare to packc on saile with all celeritie to
exploicte his voyadge without any doubte or scrupule, but that this
waie he maie safelye comodiouslie and most spcdelye passe into that
' reatche ' riche and bountiful! sea abounding with innumerable ilandes
of incomperable ntchcs and unknowen treasure. But whosoever shall
before suche exacte discouerye made that waies attempte the same I
avcrro he shall proccado to the shame and dishonor of him selfe to the
destruction and ruyne of his ' countrey ' companye, and to the vtter
discouradgmente of this nation IFurther to adventure in this gainfuU
honeste honorable enterprise. And reporte me to the judgment of the
wise, these reasons before alleaged well weyed.

[Oiho E., viii, fol. 216 (225). Colonial, 23.]

REPLY TO THE DISCOURSE.

North passage or straighte of

07 degrees, and is not so daungerous as [the passage to] [Mus]covia is
which is in 72 degrees and the[rforc] [moite] [da]ngerou3 for couldc
and ise and notwithstandeing [that the] passage to Muscovia is traded
v. monethes in the [ycare].

And this passage by the northwest at 67 degrees [oughte] to bo
searched, and the same may be sayled in xxx''« da[ies from] England
to the said passage of 67 degrees.

The which passage beinge knowne wolde make a gi-ete tra[de in] those
weste partes, where be manye riche merchandizes, and [the] passage lyeth
farre from anye prince that might hinder y[t].

And I thinke verely that with the value of ccc" of mon[nye] this
passage might be knowne and truely certefied by mea[nes] of some of
the shippes that trade yerely to Iselande for fyshe.

Ffor this passage is to be sayled from Iselande in viii. or x. dai[e3],
and they havinge ccc'i allowed them towards their charges wolde wil-
lingly searche the said passage, and ii. or iii. to be sent from hence in
the said shippes to bringe true knowledge of the same.

And be yt remembered this passage at 67 degrees to Catayo is but
6,(100 leagues, and to passe by the streight of Magilanus to the said
Catayo is 15000 leagues. As also the passage of 67 degrees in the
moneth of June thcr is no darke nightcs, but is brighte dayc ail the
24 howers.

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A TRUE DISCOURSE

OF THE

LATE VOYAGES OF r3ISC0VERIE FOR

FINDING OF A PASSAGE TO CATHAVA, BY THK

NORTH-WEAST, UNDER THE CONDUCT OF

MARTIN FROniSHER GENERAL.

DEVIDED INTO THREE HOOKES.

/// t/ic First whereof is shewed, his first voyage. Wherein

also by the way is scttc out a Gcographicall description of tlie

VVorlde, and what partes thereof have bin discovered by the

Navij^ations of the Englishmen. Also, there are annexed

ccrtayne reasons, to prove all partes of the Worldc

habitable, with a gcncrall Mappc adjoyned.

J)i the Second, is set out his second voyage, with tlie
adventures and accidents thereof.

In the third, is declared the strange fortunes which

hapned in the third, witli a suvciall description of the countrcy

and the people there inlmhiling. Witli a particular C"ard

thereunto adjoined of AL/a /inci^iii/a, scj farre forth as

the secretes of the voyage may permit.

AT LONDON,

Imprinter] hy Henry Bvnnvman, servant to the right Ilonourahle Sir
Chrislo]iher Ilatton, \'izchamberlaine.

.Uitio Domini 1578.

1. Fin
of nt'M
discovi

2. I
munitii

3. h
they n(
or otlie

4. h
money.

5. "}]
taines c

6. H
and wir

7. H
for the
guage,
clc^ont
of theev
hngenes
tempest(
taines, d
taking m

•"■" » ^» aau.

WHAT COMMODITIES AND INSTRUCTIONS

MAY HE RKArKI) IJY DIIJCENT HEADING

'JTIIS DISCOURSE.

[

1. First, by example may be gathered, how a discoverer
of new countries is to proceede in his first attempt of any
discovcrie.

''Z. Item, how he shoulde be provided of shipping, victuals,
munition, and choice of men.

3. Howe to proceede and dealc with straunge people, he
they never so barbarous, cruell and fierce, eyther by lenitie
or otherwise.

4. How trade of marchandize may be made withoute
money.

6. How a pilot may deale, being environed wyth moun-
taines of ise in the frosen sea.

6. How lengths of dayes, chaungc of seasons, sommers
and winters, do differ in sundry regions,

7. How dangerous it is to attempt new discoveries, either
for the length of the voyage or the ignorance of the lan-
guage, the want of interpretors, newe and unaccustomed
ele...«jntes and ayres, straunge and unsavery meats, daungrr
of theeves and robbers, fiercencsse of wilde beasts and fishes,
hugcnessc of wooddes, daungerousncsse of seas, dreade of
tempestes, feare of hidden rockes, steepcncssc of moun-
taines, darknesse of sodaine falling fogges, rontinuall paiiies
taking withoute anye reste, and infinite others.

WHAT INSTRUCTIONS MAY Hi; KKAl'KD.

8. ITow plcasaunt and profitable it is to attempt new dis-
coveries, either for the sundry sights and shapes of stranufc
beastcs and fishes, the wonderful workes of nature, the dif-
ferent manners and fashions of diverse nations, the sundry
sortes of gouernmcnto, the sight of straunge trees, fruite,
foules, and bcastes, the infinite treasure of pearle, gold and
silver, the newcs of new fou?'^ 'indcs, the sundry positions
of the sphere, and many othc

9. How valiaunt captaines use to deale upon extremitie,
and otherwise.

10. How trustie souldicrs dutifully use to scrue.

11. Also here may be seene a good example to be ob-
serued of any priuate person, in taking notes, and making
obseruations of al such things as are requisite for a dis-
coucrer of new countries.

12. Lastly, the reader here may see a good paternc of a
well governed service, sundryc instructions of matters of
cosmographie, geographic, and navigation, as in reading
more at large may be scene.

THE RIGHT IIONOURARLE, MY SINGULAR GOOD MAYSTRR,

SIR CHRISTOPHER IIATTON, KNIGHT, CAl"l'AINE OF THE

QUEKNES MAJESTIES GARDE, VIZCHAMHERLAINE TO

IIIR HIGHNKSSE, AND ONE OF HIR MAJESTIES

MOST HONOURABLE I'RIVIE COUNSALE.

Right honorable, when I first cntcndcd the voyage of tlis- ['P}'>, „

' J " I'.plsUe Da-

covcric wyth il/r. Frobishcr,iox the fincKngof the passage to ''"='"■"'^^•1
Cataya (bcyng a matter in ourc age above all other notable)
I applyed mysclfe wholy to the science of cosmographie, and
secrets of navigation, to the ende, I might enable myselfe the
better for the service of my countric,not only to understandc
what 1 read and heard others speake, but also to execute in
effect, and practise with my owne hands, the dutie and office
appcrtayning to a marriner : and so thereby be better able to
make a true reporte of al occurrents in the same voyage.
And for that now the common reporte thereof is so vaine and
uncertaine, by cause some men rather contendyng what they
are able to say, than considering what in truth they should
and ought to say, whereby, by sundrie men's fantasies, sundry
untruths are spred abroad, to the gret slaunder of this so
honest and honorable an action, I have thought good to lay
open to your honorable judgement, the plain truth, and ful
discourse of the whole service, which I have taken upon ine
(though altogether unable) to write, and to dedicate unto
your Honor especially, for these spcciall causes following.
Fiistc, the world doth witnusse, and I myselfe by good proofe

THE EPISTI.K DEDICATORY.

have tasted and found, being a man by your honorable good-
nesse and good countenance, specially supported, and even
(as it were) the handy worke of your ownc hands, how
honorable a regard you bearc to vortuc, liowc rcadye to
countenance the meanest man that truely serveth his countric,
howe willing to give unto suche both grace and opinion with
hir Majestic, howe ready to procure rewarde there, for those
that shall justlye merite the same. And there withall con-
sidering the sounde judgement you have to discern, as wcl
in this, as in al other causes of waight. And knowing wel
•what place you hold with hir highnesse, (who for the faith-
full service you dayly doe hir, as wcl in courtc, as common
weale, whyche nowc by the true tuchstonc of time, and long
experience, shee hath foundc, and therefore contirmcth
a faste and sure opinion in you wyth the chicfest) I have
specially thought it n-^'cssarye, besides my dutic (whichc
above all the M'orlde . / allcageaunce reserved, I owe
you moste) for those respects to make relation of this
service unto your Honoure above others. And for that this
action, both for the worthinesse o^ the attempt, for the good
and quiet government, for the grc.ite and marvelous daun-
gers, for the straunge and unknownc accidents of the un-
knowne corners of the worlde, above all others, may appeare
moste notable and famous : I have bono the rather desirous to
take some pain therein, and what I have a ship-boorde
rudely and unordcrly framed or observed, to commend to
your honourable construction the same : being willing rather
to hazarde mine own shame, by shewing my selfe an insuffi-
cient writer which perchance maye seeme somewhat besides
my profession) than that so honest and worthy attempts of
our ownc nation, with the example of so wel a governed
service, should lye hidden from your Honour's sight. And
for that I will be injurious to no man, whyche in this action
hath borne place, and well discharged the same, and that
those men with the maner of their dayly proceedings there,
by name may be knowen unto yon, I have in their place

TIIK •PlSTLi; DKDICATOKY.

ler

ffi-

des
of

ncd

ace

remcmbred them in order as bocommoth : and have not onely
named each principall, but cverye private person (if by any
speciall service hee hath merited the same) to the ende, that
the wel deserving man, rcceyving the due commendation of
his doserte, may be encouraged to continue, and take pleasure
in wel doing after, and others being animated by like ex-
ample, may for hope of like reward also, desire to deserve
wel.

By this discourse, it may please your Honour to behold
the greate industrie of cure present age, and the invincible
mindes of our Englishe nation, who have never lefte anye
worthy thing unattempted, nor anye parte almostc of the
whole world unsearched, whome lately, ncyther stormcs
of seas by long and tedious voyages, danger of darke fogs
and hidden rockes in unknown coastcs, congealed and frozen
seas, with mountains of fleeting ise, nor yet present dayly
before their face, coulde anye white dismay, or cause to desiste
from intended enterprises ; but rather preferring an honour-
able death before a shameful rctourne, have (notwithstanding
the former dangers,) after many pcrillous repulses, recovered
their desired port. So that, if now the passage to Cataya
thereby be made open unto us, (which only matter hytherto
hath occupied the finest heades of the world, and promiseth
lis a more riches by a nearer way than tyther Spaine or
Portugale possesseth) whereof the hope (by the good indus-
trie and great attomptes of these men is greatly augmented)
or if the golde ore in these new discoveries founde out, doc
in goodnesse as in greate plenty aunswere expectation, and
the successe do followe as good, as ^he proofe thereof hitherto
made, is great, we may truely infer, that the Englishman in
these our dayes, in his notable discoveries, to the Spaniard
and Portirgale is nothing inferior : and for his hard adven-
tures, and valiant resolutions, greatly superior. For what
hath the Spaniarde or Portingale done by the southeast and
southweast, that the Englishman by the northeast and north-
weast hath not countervailed the same .' c %

THE KPISTI.K DEDICATORY.

And albeit I confesse that the Englishc have not hythcrto
had so ful successe of profit and commoditie of pleasaunt
place (considering that the former nations have happily
chanced to travel by more temperate clymatcs, where they
had not onlyc good meates and drinkes, but all other things
necessarie for the use of man) all whiche things, the English,
travelling by more intemperate places, and as it were with
mayne force, making waye throughe seas of isc, have wanted,
which notwithstanding argueth a more resolution : for Dijffi-
ciliora 2mlchriora, that is, the adventure the more hard the
more honorable : yet concerning the perfecter knowledge of
thcworM, and gcographicall description, (wherein the pre-
sent age and posteritie also, by a more universal understand-
ing is much furthered, as appcareth by my universall mappe
with pricked boundes here annexed) herein, the Englishman
deservcth chlcfe honour above any other. For neyther
Spaniard nor Portugale, nor anye other besides the English,
have bin found, by so great dangers of ise, so neare the Pole,
to adventure any discoverie, whereby the obscure and un-
knowen partes of the world (which otherwise had laine hid)
have bin made knowen unto us.

So that it may appearo, that by our Englishmen's indus-
tries, and these late voyages, the world is grown to a more
fulnessc and perfection ; many unknowen lands and ilands,
(not so much r tnought upon before) made knowen unto us :
Christ's name spred : the Gospell preached ; infidels like to
be converted to Christianitie, in places where before the name
of God had not once bin hearde of: shipping and seafaring
men, have bin employed : navigation and the navie (which
is the chief strength of our realm) maintayned : and gentle-
men in the sea service, for the better service of their country,
wel experienced. Al whiche things are (no doubt) of so
gret importance, as being wel wayed,may seeme to counter-
vayle the adventures charges ; although the passage to
Cataya were not found out, neither yet the golde ore prove
good, wher of both the hope is good and gret. Rut not-

THE EPISTLE DBDICATORY.

so
r-

to
ve
■ot-

withstanding all these, even in this (if no otherwise) hyr
most excellent Majestie hath reaped no small profit, that she
may now stand assured, to have many more tried, able and
sufficient men against time of need, that are (which without
vaunt may be spoken) of valour gret, for any great adven-
ture, and of governement good for any good place of service.
For this may truly be spoken of these men, that there hath
not bin scene in any nation, being so many in number, and
so far from home, more civill order, better governement, or
agreement. For even from the beginning of the service
hitherto, there hath neither passed mutinie, quarrel, or
notorious fact, cither to the slaunder of the men, or daunger
of the voyage, although the gentlemen, souldiers, and mar-
riners (whichc seldorae can agree) were by companies matched
togither.

But I may perchance (right Honourable) seeme to dis-
course somewhat too largely, especially in a cause that (as a
partie) son ewhat conccrneth my sclfe ; which I doe, not for
that I doubt of your honorable opinion already conceived of
the men, but for that I know, the ignorant multitude is rather
ready to slander, than to give good encouragement by due
commendation to good causes, who, respecting nothinge but
a present gaine, and being more than needefully suspitiuus
of the matter, do therwithall condemne the men, and that
Ayithout any further respect, either of tlieir honest intents,
either of their wel performing the matter they dyd undertake
(which according to their direction, was specially to bring
home ore) either else of their painful travel (which for their
J'rince, and the publicke profile of their countries cause they
have sustained.)

13 ut by the way, it is not unknown to the world, that this
our native country of England in al ages hath bred up (and
specially at this present aboundeth with) many forward and
valiant minds, fit to take in hand any notable enterprise ;
wherby appeareth, that if the Englishman had bin in times
paste as fortunate and foreseeing to acceot occasion offered,

THE EPISTLK DEDICATORY.

as he hath bin always forwarde in executing an^e cause once
taken in hand, he had bin worthily preferred before all
nations of the worlde, and the Weast Indies had now bin in
the possession of the Englishe.

For Columbus, the firste Discoverer of the AVeast Indies,
made firste offer thereof, with his service, to King Henry the
scaventh, then Kyng of Englande, and was not accepted :
Whereuppon, for want of entertainement here, hee was forced
to go into Spainc, and offered there (as before) the same to
Ferdinando, Kyng of Castyle, who presently acceptyng the
occasion, did first himsclfc, and now his successors, enjoy the
bcnefite thereof.

Also Sebastian Cubota, being an Englishman, and born in
Bristoicc, after he had discovered sundrie parts of new found
lande, and attempted the passage to Cataya by the North-
west, for the King of England, for lacke of entertainment
here, (notwithstanding his good desert) was forced to sceke
to the Kinge of Spaine, to whose use hee discovered all that
tract of Brazil, and about the famous river liio de la Plata,
and for the same, and other good services there, was after-
wards renowmed, by title of Piloto Maggiore, that is Graunde
Pylote, and constituted chiefe officer of the Contractation
house of Sivilla : in whiche house are handled all matters
concerning the Weast Indies, and the revenues therof ; and
further, that no Pylot shoulde be admitted for any discoverie
but by his direction.

But there hath bin two speciall causes in former age, that
have greatly hindered the English nation in their attempts.
The one hath bin, lacke of liberalitie in the nobilitic, and the
other want of skill in the cosmographie, and the arte of navi-
gation. Whiche kinde of knowledge is verye necessary for
all oure noblemen, for that wee being ilanders, our chiefest
strength consisteth by sea. But these twoo causes are nowe
in this present age (God be thanked) very well reformed ; for
not only hir majestic now, but all the nobilitic also, having

THE EPISTLK DliDICATORY.

perfect knowledge in Cosmographie, doe not only with good
wordes countenance the forward minds of men, but also with
their purses do liberally and bountifully contribute unto the
same, whereby it cometh to passe, that navigation, whiche in
the time of King Henry the 7th was very rawe, and toke (as
it were) but beginning (and ever since hath had by little and
little continuall increase) is now in hir Majcstie's raign
growcn to his highest perfection.

Thus right Honorable, as I have in these my first travels
in these late voyages, upon such occasions as passed there,
nowe rendered your honour this bare and true accompte :
so being further resolved to offer myself a continual sacrifice
with the first, for hir Majestic and my country, in thys or
any other like service, I intend (God willing) according to
this beginning, if any thing hereafter fall out worth the
mcmorie to present your honourc therewithal!, and from time
to time to advertise you of every particular. And in all
these things which I deliver now, or shal hereafter advertise,
1 humbly praye, your honour would vouchsafe to give some
credit thereunto, and rather to thinke, I may be deceived,
than that I mcanc to deceive, colour, or conceale any thing,
for I neither can, nor wil, use any flourish in the matter, but
a bare truth in all : and thereupon I give my poore credite
unto your honour in pawue. And herein I humbly pray
pardon, for my rude order of writing, which proceedeth from
the barren brayne of a souldicr and one professing amies,
who dcsircth rather to be wel thouii;ht of with vour honour,
for his well meaning, than for anye hys cunning writing
at all.

And thus, having presumed to present these untimely and
unripe fruitcs to your hcnoures beste and favourable con-
struction, I humbly take aiy leave, beseeching God to blesse
you, as I do faithfully serve, and will honor you ever.

'Ihc handle worke of your Honours handes and faithfully
to serve you ever,

GKOUCiK JJliSTE.

THE PRINTER TO THE READER.

Forasmuch as (gentle Reader) these three voyages hitely
made by our countrymen performed, do both for the matter
of discoverie, for the strange and unknown accidentes, for
the rare and hard adventures, and also for the good and dis-
crete order of government, appeare above all others most
notable and famous : I have bin specially desirous, by all
meanes possible 1 could, to procure the publication thereof,
thinking it too great an injurie to our common wealth, to
burie in oblivion so worthy attemptes of our owne nation, and
to hide the ensample of so good and so well a governed ser-
vice. And for that (as I understand) many trifling Pamphlets
have bin secretly thrust out, not only without the consent of
the captaynes and executioners of the same, but also rather
to the great disgrace of the worthy voyage, than otherwise,
I having intelligence of a substantiall discourse whiche was
diligently written thereof, and privately dedicated to my very
Honourable Mayster, Sir Christopher Hatton Knight, by a
gentleman of his own, who was personally present a captain
in all the same service ; I have, without making privic the
authour, procured his coppie out of the handes of a friende
of mine, who had the writing and perusing thcrof, and have
presumed to publish and imprint the same, to the ende that
thereby I mighte (gentle reader) as well satisfye thy greedy
expectation, by unfolding these newe and unknowcn matters,
whereof the nature of man is most desirous, as also to per-
forme that dutie whiche I owe unto my sayde Honourable
Mayster, in publishing such things as are directed unto him.
And for that the mater is worthy to passe under the protec-
tion of his honourable name, I have hcerein bin willing,
rather to bcare the burthen of the authorcs private dis-

THE PRINTER TO THh READER.

pleasure, if therewith he should afterwards bo offended, than
not by publishing the same, seeme not only to do a publicke
iujurie unto my native countrey, but also shew a lightc
regarde of my duetic, in obscuring the doyngs and travels of
him, or anye of his, whose honour (us T am chiefcly bound)
I tender more than my owne safetie. And albeit I have in
a fewe places somewhat altered from my copie, and wronged
therby the authoure, and have soughte to conceale upon good
causes some secretes not fitte to be published or revealed to
the world (as the degrees of longitude and latitude, the dis-
tance, and true position of places, and the variation of the
compasse,) and whiche ncverthelesse, by a gcnerall, and par-
ticular mappe concerning the same, hcereuuto annexed, is so
sufficiently explained, that easilie anything appertcyning
unto the voyage, or in this discourse mentioned, may sCiisibly
be undcrstode ; and though the matter be entirelie the
authours owne, yet am I contented (for thy sake) rather than
the same shoulde not be published, to beare the burthen of
blame, and to abide the reprofe of the faultes escaped, taking
upon me that reproche of presumption, and hazarding my
name to the world, all which things the author peradventure
taketh for so great disgraces, as willingly he would not ad-
venture in his owne name the publishing thereof. But
specially, for that the commendation of a historic consisteth
in truthe and playnenessc, I have desired to bring forth, and
prefer (before other pamphlets) the same, knowing that the
authore thereof, in nothing more than in truth, desircth to
maynteyne credite with this honourable personage, unto
whome with his owne hand written, he hath privately dedi-
cated the same, as by the epistle dedicutorie may appeare.
If therefore thou shalte accept my well meaning in good
parte, and yeelde but deserved prayse to the authoure for
doing, and thankes to me for publishing the same, it shall
suffice to make me thinke my travell well therein employed.
And so iare vou well.

THE FYKST 1300 KE

OF THE FIRST VOYAGE OP MARTIN FROTilSIlER, ESQUIER,

CAPTAYNE GENERALL FOR THE DISCOVERIE OF THE

I'ASSAGE TO CATAYA AND THE EAST INDIA, BY

THE NORTH W EAST,

FIRST ATTEMPTED IN ANNO DOM. 1576, THE 15. OF MAY.

Cicero,
Ollic, lib

Man is borne not only lo serve his owne turne (as Tullie
siiyetli), but his kinsfolke, friends, and the common wealth
especially, loke for some furtherance at hys handes, and some
frutes of his laboure : where upon sundry men finding them-
selves as it were tyed by this bond and dutie of humane
society, have willinglye endeavoured sundry wayes to shew
themselves profitable members of their common weale. Some
men by study of the minde, have employed themselves to
give out good lawes and ordinances for governement, as Solofi,
Lyctiryus, and others. Some have spente their time in de-
vising artes and sciences, for the better sharpening of man's
witte, and the easier expressing his conceytcs, as in time past
Aristolle for Logicke and Philosophic, Cicero and Demos-
thenes for llethoricke, Euclide and others for Arithmeticke
and Geometric. Others againe by long and diligent obser-
vation, have found out the motion and courses of the celestiall
Orbes, that thereby man might have the distinction of
rVsirouomie. timcs aud scasons, the better to direct his doings both for
taking paynes and rest, <as occasion and circumstances doth
require. Some delight in feates of armes, thereby to be
better able to defend their countreys from the force of the
enimie, and rightfully (when occasion is) to enlarge their

THK FIRST VOYAGE, ETC.

dominions. And many others in sundric faculties and
sciences, have both heretofore, and especially now in these
later dayes do so bestow and employ their time, that
rightly they may be sayd to have deserved the name of pro-
fitable members in the common wealth; so that now by con-
tinuall practise, and exercising of good wittes, the world is
waxed finer, and growen to more perfection, not only in all
the speculative artes and sciences, but also in the practicall
application of the same, to man's use, whereof as the one
doth exceedingly delighte the inward mind, in seeing the
scquelc of things by arte and reason, so the otlier in the
mcchanicall and practicall api)lication (whiche of late yeares, 'I'liisi^the
more than ever hccrctoforc hath bin used) dothe so pleasure "="•
and profile the world, that this time only may rightely be
called the liberall and flourishing age. For when was there
ever heard of such abundance of gold and silver (whiche no
doubt being well used, is the great bencfite and good bless-
ing of God to mankind) as in these our dayes. No, Solomon
himsclfe, with all the pretious mettall of Ophir, which he
(one only king) had in that only phicc, can not be comparable
to the great store of golde, and all other mettals, which dayly
are digged out of the bowels of the earth, almost in all parts
of the world, and now lately in the supposed hard and con-
gealed frozen lands, almost under the Poles, Yea, now every
private man can witnesse this with me, that he is no more
contented with the wealthe and riches that his auncesters
hadde, but thinkcs himself base minded, if by his Industrie
he encrease not his privat wealth proportionallie, as the whole
world increaseth in common wealth, and not only of gold
and silver is such great encrease, but also of all other things,
serving as well for pleasure and dclightes of the mind, as
for the necessarie uses of man's life. For, as we are placed AbmuUico

' ^ of all

in these lower elementes firste to know and acknowledge "'•"«'*•
the high Creator, and then thankefuUy to take the fruition of
things for ourc mayntenance, which are especially two, that

THE FIRST VOYAGE

Towimtendis mcate and drinkc to sustcync the body, and coverture

ertaied. ^q dcl'cnd thc samc from the rigor of heatc and cold, and so
thereby to glorifie God in his workes : what age hath bin
ever heeretofore, that hath so abounded with store, not only
of necessaric nieates, but also of pleasant and delectable con-
fections, to delight man withal : for whatsoever sundry sorte
of come, grayne, and meates former yeares have had, we
not only have all thc same in farre greater abundance, but
thereunto are added thousandes of new things simple and
compound, never heretofore scene or heard of. And as
for coverture to defende the bodye, the matter is growen
to such excellencie of architecture and building, to such
finenesse of cloth and silkes of all sortes and colours ; that
man studieth no more to multiplye the cncrease thereof; so
much as to devise fashions, to make it serve more for orna-
ment, than for necessaric uses. And the chiefest cause of all
these effects (next after y'^ divine Providence) is the search-
ing wit of man, whiche being more curious and inquisitive
of new and sti'ange devises than heeretofore, bringeth out
dayly more strange inventions, and causeth others, through
emulation, to do the like — not only in providing y'' necessary
things aforesaid, but also a continual care and constancie to
find out other new arts, occupations, and faculties. For to
remember one or two inventions for al, found out of late

I'liniiiigof yeares. The use and bcnefite of printing bookes, a devise
SO commodious and necessaric, saving within these few yeares
in respect, hath layne utterly hid and unknowen. The arte

The arte of of War is nowc growcn to that excellencie, that if Achilles,
Alexander the Great, Julius Ca)sar, and other, should come
in these later dayes, they themselves would more admire and
wonder at the courages of our men, their engines, and their
policies in warre, than the ignorant and barbarous multitude
in their dayes did to them in celebrating their solemnities
with all the honor that might be. But to drawe neere to my
purposed scope, that is to discourse of inventions by way of

OF MARTIN FIIOHISIIKR.

discoveries, I say, that one of the exccllcntest artes that ever
hath bin devised is the arte of navigation, wliich in times
past was so raw and unknowcn, that no man durst travel by
sea, saving only alongst the shore: and if by wind, currant,
or tempest, he were driven against his will so far from the
land that he lost the sight thereof, he made no other ac-
compte but to be cast away, his vesscll was so rude and his
skill so little.

In those dayes they knew not the singular use and bcncfite
of the loadestonc, called in Latin Magnes, whiche, besides the
property of drawing iron unto it, it directeth, and with oppo-
site poyntes shcweth two principall partes of the worlde, the
north and the south, and that more distinctly than the rising
of the sunne doth shew cast and west (excepte it be onely
in the dayes of jEquinoctium which is but twice a yeare),
whiche rare propcrtie of the loadestonc, if any man desire at
large to see, let him put the sayd stone into a round dish,
and they both so together in some vessel of water, wherein
they might swim at pleasure voluntarily, which dish when
it standctl} still then doe the two principall and opposite
poyntes of the stone firmely and constantly poynt out north
and south ; and if, before the quarters of north and south
were knowen, by this experience he may find out the two
principal poyntes of the stone; so that the one being knowen,
the other can not be wanting. And that a man may be the
better persuaded of this effect, let him remove or turn round
the dish after it hath once stoode still, and he shall ever
finde it to returne constantly to the same poynt againe. Also
a pillicr or piece of Steele being but touched with the fore-
said Magnes, playing VEquilibra upon some piramid or point,
receyveth such virtue that it produceth like effect. Where-
iinto, if wood or paper in circular forme devided into 32
equall parts be handsomely compacted, it will distinguishc
and poynte out all parts of the horizon, and direct into all
coasts of the worlde, and that onely by the influent spirite

Naviijatlnn.

Tliii stniio
called

Two und
thirty
poyiils of
tho com-
passe.

r,o

THE F1K8T VOYAOK

Tlin vnrlfi-
timi (it'iho
needle.

N'ew (lis-
covories.

of the two principall poyntcs rcsppcting ever north and
south.

This excellent propcrtie and bcnefitc of the lodestonc T
the rather remember at large, hecausc some seamen whichc
knowc this rare and miraculous effccte as well as I, doc not
sufficiently admire the same, hycausc it is now so commonly
knowcn, and yet indccdc is to bo preferred before all pre-
tious stones in the worlde, whichc only tend to ornament,
and have no other vertue, whereas this serveth to so ne-
cessarie use. The vertue of this stone, as it is not long
since it was first found, so in these dayes it is like to receive
his perfection concerning his north-easting and north-west-
ing to be brought in rule, and particularly in this noble
voyage of our worthy Captainc Marline Frobisher, who, as
you shall after undcrstande in the discourse, hath diligcntlye
observed the variation of the needle. And such observations
of skylfuU pylotts is the onlyc waye to bring it in rule ; for
it passeth the reach of r rail philosophy. The making
and pricking of cardcs, the shifting of sunne and moone, the
use of the compasse, the houre-glasse for observing time,
instrumentes of astronomic to take longitudes and latitudes
of countreys, and many other helps, are so commonly knowen
of every mariner now adayes, that he that hathc bin twice at
sea, is ashamed to come home if he be not able to render ac-
countc of all these particularities. By whiche skill in navi-
gation is brought to passe that the people of Europe can as
easilye and far more easiller make long voyages by sea than
by lande, whereby hathe come to passe that within the
memorie of man within these foure-score yeares, there hath
becne more newe countries and regions discovered than in
five thousande yeares before; yea, more than halfc the worlde
hath beene discovered by men that are yet (or might very
well for their age be) alive. When I name the world in this
sense, I mcane the uppermoste face and superficies of the
earth and sea, which, unite together, make one globe or

OF MAH'IIN FROHISIIKR.

sphere. And this face of tlie earth whiche Ahiiii;hti(! (iod
hath given man as most convenient place to inhabite in,
thorowe the negligence of man hathc, until of late dayes, layne
so hidde and iinknowen that he hathe lostc the fruition and
benefit of more than halfe the earth.

A marvellous thing, that man, who hath always abhorred
80 muche thrahlome and restrainte, and so greedily desired
liberty, coulde be contented so many thousande yeares, to be
shut up in so narrow bounds. I'or it is to be thought that
only such countries in times paste have bin known as either
did bounde and hang togithcr, or else were separated by
very narrow seas, as are Europa, AfFrica, and Asia, out of
which from either to other a man may travaile by lande, or
else shall finde in some places very narrow seas separating
them, and so mighte saile from the one to the other onclye
by lande-markes wythoute the arte of navigation, bycause
the one was wythin a ken of the other.

For even the greate strength and stoutncsse of Hercules t'i" ^.o"'

~ ~ end III the

himselfe, when out of Gracia westward he had travelled "'"^ ^'"''''''"
and conquered all the regions and countries comming to the
straight betweene Spaine and Barbaric, made accomptc to
have beene at the west ende of the worldc, and therefore
there created two pillers as a perpetual monument of his
fame, whiche to this day are called Hcr^ulce Columnee, the
pillers of Hercules, the one standing in Spaine of JjJurope,
the other in Africa, and called the straight Frctum Ilcrcu-
leiim : and nowe commonlye is named the straightes of Ma-
lega or Gibraltar. And having come so farre westwarde,
contented himselfe, and said, No n plus ultra, no further.

Likewise, Alexander Magnus, out of Macedonia in Greece,
passing throw Armenia, Persia, and India, comming to the
great River Ganges, and conquering all these countries (al-
thoughe he was persuaded that Asia, extended somewhat
further into the cast and north-east) yet knowing them
not to be very great countries, and thinking them to be

TIIF, FIRST VOYAOK

Tlio I'Bat
< tid of thf
old worMo.

Thfi ntiU (if

tllC did

Wdi'ld Hout):
wiird.

Tlio end of

llii'iilil

Wdl'lll llnrlll-

wurd.

Tlie grento
diBi!ovnili'rt
of liiloyetOB,

of small moment, erected there certainc aultars, wliiche are
yet called Arcc Alexajidriticc, as beyond which no man
else in those dayes had ])asscd, or ncedc to passe more east-
wardc, and this was accomjjtod as it were a bounder of the
easte side of the worlde, althouffhe indcede Asia doeth ex-
tende further, twenty decrees, and is environed with Maro
E()7im., and the straight Anian, which our Captaine Frohisher
pretendcth to finde out.

Touching the south parts of the world towards Ajfrica,
Ptolomeus K\n^ oi' yl'Ji/ipt, a famous cosmographer, who was
more sollicite and curious in describing al the face of the
earth than any king before him or after (excepte of late dayes),
delivered in plat described and knowen only sixteen degrees
beyond y" equinoctiall to the southwardcs or pole Antartique,
and that bounder was called Montes Lun-T, out of whiche
the greate river Nilus is supposed to have his beginning and
spring. And, as for the knowen land on the north partes of
the world, Tlnjle being one of y" ilands of Orcadcs (more
probably than Isclmid), was so long pronounced and con-
tinued Ultima, that it was esteemed a great erroure for
anyc man to imagine anye lande more north than that.

Thus have I briefly named the fourc principall bounders
of the worlde, which was onely known from the beginning
of the worlde (as some thinke) untill within \.\\vv,v. eighty last
yeares That is, the Straights of G'lhraUar or Mahuja west-
ward. The east part of Asia beyond the Ar.'e Alexajulrina)
eastwarde. Vllima Thyle by Scothuule northward, aiul six-
teen grades beyond the equinoctiall southw .rd. JJut these six-
teen degrees of south latitude are to be undcrstoodc only in
the continent of Africa, whiche extendeth not passyng seventy
degrees in longitude. Therefore, whatsoever countries or re-
gions have since been discovered and knowne beyondf, 180
degrees in longitude, GO degrees in north latitude, and 16
degrees in soutii latitude, all the comnundation, honour, re-
noume, glorie, and fame thereof, must be attributed to the

OF MARTIN FKOIUSIIKR.

Englishmen, Spiiniardes, Portingalcs, Frcnchmcnnc, and
Italians, whose valiaunt courage and high mindcs he sucho
that either they ah-eadye have, or shortly will discover and
searche out c/cry narrowe corner of the world. By these
means valours and industries, the knownc regions of the
worlde, whiche hefore were divided into three partes ; that
is, Europa, Affrica, and Asia, arc now made sixc, by addi-
tion of other three. For like as the whole massie frame of
the world being firstc divided into two prineipall regions,
the one elementiall, the other heavenly, the elementiall eon-
taineth foure partes ; that is, the four elements, the earth,
tlie water, the ayre, and the fyre : the heavenly region, al-
though one yet for diversitic of motion, may be conipted
two ; that is, Primuni ,^fohilc, moving onclye uppon the
poles, Artickc and Antartickc, and all the reste of orbes and
planets, moving uppon the poales of the zodiacke are by thi.^'
difference of motion imagined two, whereby ariseth the num-
ber of si.xe substances partes of the world ; that is, the foiire
elements and the two varieties of orbes. So likewise the in-
feriour world, I meane the suprrfices of the earth, is also
divided into sixe partes; that is, Europa, AJf'rica, -<4,sert, '^','^^^1^[^^]['^j^
Terra Scptcntriofialis, America, and Terra Aiistrialis, whose*'"'"'"''""
bounders bycausc tlr' ; division seemeth somewhat strange, I
thought good for the more particularitie, here briefly to
repeate.

TllK eilTKFE HOUNDKRS OP THK TRINCIPALL PARTES OK

' TIIK WOKI,l).

Europa is bounded on the weast side with our Weastc i:wo,ut.
Ocean; on the south side wyth Marc Mcdilerrancnm; on thi;
east \\\X\\ Mare yEijeum, Pon/u.s Euxinu.s,d\n\ the river Tani(f'S,
folowing the meridian thereof northwardc; on th(> north side
it was thoMght(; sonuitime to be bounded with islandes —
Hebrides, Orcades, aiul lli/perhorci montes in Sarmalia of
Europf!. W\\\ U()W(!, by the navigiilioii of the I'lnglishemen,

THE FIHST VOYAGE

Africa.

A«iH.

Terra

Septeii-

triounlis.

the boundcs arc extended unto that sea which compasscth
Norway, Laplande, and Moscovia.

Affrica is bounded wcstwardc with the sea Atlanticum-,
southward with tlie South Ocean, passing by Cape d'Buona
Speranza; eastwarde with the Red Sea; and northwarde by
the sea Mcditerrancum.

Asia is bounded on the south side with the South Ocean ;
on the easte side with Mare Eoum, and the Straightc Anian;
on the north side with the Scithian Sea ; on the weaste side
with the meridian of the river Tanais, and parte of the
sea Mediterraneum, as Pontiis Euxinus, Mare Egciim, Sinus
Issicus, and the Red Sea.

Terra Scptcntrionalis is divided from Asia by the Scythian
Sea, from Eurojie by the North Sea aboute Iselande, called
in times past Marc Congelntum, the Frosen Sea, and from
America is divided by Frobisher's Straights. It lyeth rounde
about the Pole Artikc, and is included by a paralell passing
about 70 degrees in north latitude, as it is also more at large
described in Mercators and Ortelius Universall Mappes.

This parte of the world hath becne most or onely made
knowen by the Englishmen's Industrie. For, as Mercato
mcntioneth out of a probable author, there was a frier of
Oxforde, a grcate mathmatician,^ who himselfe went verye
f\irrc north above 200 ycares agoe, and, with an astrolabe,
described almoste all the lande aboute tlie Pole, finding it
divided into foure partes or ilandes by fourc greate guttes,
indrafts, or channels, running violently and delivering them-
selves into a monstrous receptacle an.l swallowing sincke,
with suche a violent force and currant, that a shippe beyng
entred never so little within one of these foure indraftes,
cannot be holdcn backe by the force of any great winde,
but runneth in headlong by that deepe swallowing sinke into

' Nicholas do Linna, i.e., A Lynn in Norfolk, whoso voyage to the
Arctic regions in llUiit is quoted by ]\Icrcator in his map of the world
dated 15G9, from the Itinerary of Jacol Croycn of Uois Ic Due, and also
referred to by Dr. .7ohn Doe. Pee Tfid-hnit. vol. i, j))!. IL'l, 122.

OF MARTIN FROHISHEU.

the bowels of the earth, lice icporteth that the south-weast
parte of that landc is a fruitfull and a holesonic soyle. The
north-east part (in respect of Enghind) is inhabited with a
people called Pygmoci, whiche are not at the uttermoste I'lymoi.
above foure foote highc. One of these foure greate mons-
trous gulf'is wyth hys violent raging course followeth the
meridian of the fortunate ilandes, and receiveth the ocean
with three mouths, and is frozen over three moncths in the
yeare, and is 37 leagues in breadth. The next eastwarde
bcyonde the iland Vagats is at 110 degrees in longitude and
receyveth the East Ocean with five mouths, and, being nar-
rowe and swifte, is never frozen. The third is at 190 de-
grees in longitude, and receiveth the East Ocean with nine-
teen receits. The fourth is at 280 degrees in longitude.
All these indraftes and raging channels runne directly to-
wards a point under the Pole, where is also said to b. a
monstrous gret mountain of wonderful gret height and about a great

o !^ ^ rock under

35 leagues in compasse at the foot. the pole.

Guilielmus Postcllus saith, that here under and aboutethe
Pole is best habitation for man, and that they ever have con-
tinuall dayc, and know not what night and darknesse meancth.
But this seemeth contrary to the principles of the sphere, f'nnt'nuai

' ^ »■ ' Uiiy for ever.

whyche alloweth well that they shoulde see the sunne halfe
a yeare togither without any night. During the time of his
being in the north signes from the one Equinoctium to the
other, yet, that in y other halfe they shold have continuall
night without any day. But I thinkc Postellus (being a good
astronomer) doubted nothing of y® reason of y" sphere, but
mcaneth y*^ for their great twilights, and y'' high swelling of
y" erth, and y*^ high mountaine under the Pole, they have
continual light ; but hereof you shall hearc more at large
hereafter in this treatise, when I speakc of the temperature
of y*^ north regions. This so particular a description of y"
land and countries lying about the Pole, argueth that this
Ox/o/y/ frier tooke great pains therein, and induceth great a fner..f

•' o 1 o (IxtMril.

THE FIRST VOYAGE

Sir IIiikIip
WillniiKliby
niKl liii'li.
CliHiicelor.

Frobislior's
8 Vdjajjes.

A i.iricR.

Trrr«
Auatriilis.

probabilitie and likelihood of y" truth thereof, bicause he ob-
served so diligently by measui , the brcdth of the indrafts,
what time, and how long they continued frosen, and with
how manyc mouths or receipts every one of them received
the ocean.

Upon y" bounds and description of this part of the erth, I
have y" longer staid, because I find it discovered only by the
English nation. And although y"" greatest part herof was
made knowen 200 and odde yeres past, yet some bounders
thereof were described and set out by y" travel of Sr. Hugh
Willoby Knight, an Englishman, who ventured and lost his
life in y" cause, and so died an honorable death, .and Avith
him Ric. Chancclor, chicfc Pilot in that voyage, in an. 1554,
who discovered and founde out, y*^ Norway and Sweden &c.,
conjoined not to Gronelancl, or any part of y^ Northern re-
gions, as one firme and continent, but y' by sea a man might
travel to y'' country of Moscovia, and a gret way more est-
ward, as far as the gret river Obby. Also oure worthy
General Ca. Frobisher in his three last voyages, wherof wc
are briefly to entreat in these three books, hath discovered
and described a gret part of ye Southwest bounds thereof,
and meneth (God willing) not only to describe the one halfe
thcrof in going to Cataia by y" Northwest, but also to put in
triall, whether he may return into England by the Northeast,
and so also to describe y« other part, which to do, is one of
y" waightiest matters of the Avorld, and a thing that will cause
other Princes to admire y" fortunate state, and y'- gret valor
of y" English nation. But to rctourne agaiue to the bounding
of the other parts of the Avorld.

America an ilande is included on the east side with the
sea Antartiqne ; on the weast side with 3Iare del Stir, or
Mare Pact/ictan ; on the south side it is bounded wyth the
straight of MagcUanus ; and on the north with Frobisher's
straights.

Terra Austrnlls seemeth to be a great firmc land, lying

OK MARTIN I'KOBISUEK.

under and aboutc the south pole, being in many places a
fruitefull soyle, and is not yet thorowly discovered, but onlye
scene and touched on the north edge therof, by the travaile
of the Portingales and Spaniards, in their voyages to their
East and Weast Indies.

It is inchided almost by a paralell, passing at 40 degrees
in south latitude, yet in some places it reacheth into the sea
with greate promontories, even into the tropicke Capricornus.
Onely these partes of it arc beste knowcn, as over against
Capo (/' huona Spcranza (where the Portingales see popin-
I gfvycs commonly of a wonderfuU greatnesse,) and againe it is

knowen at the south side of the straight of Magellanus, and
is called Terra del Fuego.

It is thoughtc this southlande, about the pole Antartike, is
farre bigger than the north land aboute the pole Artike ; but
whether it be so or not, we have no ccrtaine knowledge, for
we have no particular description hereof, as we have of the
lande under and aboute the north pole.

Thus I have briefly butted and bounded out all the parts
of the earth, according unto thys latter division into sixe
parts. AVhich, that it might be more apparent and sensible
to every man's understanding, 1 have hereunto adjoyned an
universall map, wherein my minde was to make knownc to
the eye what countries have been discovered of late yearcs,
and what before of olde time. The olde knowen partes have
their boundes traced and drawcn with whole lines, the newe
discovered countries have theyr bounds drawen wyth points
or broken lines, whereby the reader shall at tlie firste sight
see both the shape and fashion of the whole universall
face of the earth, compared all togyther, and also all the
scverall partes thereof, whether they were of old time dis-
covered, or of late yearcs, the which mappe, though it be
roughly framed, withoute degrees of longitude or latitude, yet
is it sufficient for the purpose it was ordeyned, for heerein, as
in all the rest of this discourse, of the three voyages of our

THE FIRST VOYAGE

worthy Gencrall Captayne Frobisher, my intcntc is, more to
sctte out simply the true and playne proceedini^ and handling
of the whole matter, than to use circumstance of more words,
or fyne eloquent phrases, wherein if I shouldc once goe about
to entangle myselfe, it would doe nothing else, but bewray
my owne ignorance, and lack of schole skyli. Therefore, of
me there is nothing else to be loked for, but such playne
taike and writing, as souldiers and marriners doe use in theyr
dayly meetings and voyages, and this of necessity must anye
ma,n use thatwill dealewith suche a matter as thys is, although
he were curious to the contraric.

By this discourse and mappc, is to be scene, the valiantc
courages of men in this later age within these eighty yearcs,
that have so muche enlarged the bouudes of the worlde, that
now we have twice and thrice so muche scope for oure earthlie
peregrination, as we have hadde in times past, so that nowc
men necde no more contcntiously to strive for roume to build
an house on, or for a little turfFe of ground, of one acre or
two, when greate countreys, and whole worldcs, offer and
reache out themselves, to them that will first voutsafe to pos-
sesse, inhabitc, and till them. Yea, there arc countreys yet re-
mayning withoute maysters and possessors, whiche are fertile
to bring forth all manner of come and grayne, infinite sortes
of land, cattcll, as horse, clcphantes, kine, slieepe, great
varietie of flying fowlcs of the ayre, as phesants, partridge,
quayle, popingeys, ostridgcs, etc., infinite kinde of fruits, as
almonds, dates, quinces, pomgranats, cringes, etc., holcsome,
mcdicinable, and delectable. Greate varietie of floures con-
tin uallie springing, winter and sommer, beautifull for coloure,
odififerous, and comfortable. Abundance of faire hillcs and
valleys, furnished with all manor woddes and pleasante rivers.
Millions of newe fashions, and strange beastcs and fishes, both
in sea and fresh waters. INIountaines bringing forth all manor
of mettals, as gold, silver, yron, etc. All sorts of pretious
stones and spices, in all which laud wanteth nothing that may

OF MARTIN KROniSHER.

be desired, eyther for pleasure, profit, or nccessarie uses.
AVhich sundrcy countrcys to possess and obtcync, as it is an
casic thing, so would I not have our Englishc nation to be
slackc therein, least perhaps agayne ftiey ovcrshoote them-
selves, in refusing occasion offered, as it was in the time of
King Henry the seventh, when all the West Indies were )y®*'^ .^0.

iVrcil to the

firste profcrcd to the Englishmen, to be given into their I'-nl'iish
handcs, whiche they little regarding, was afterwards offered
to the Spaniards, who presently accepted the occasion, and
now enjoy the infinite treasure and comnidditie thereof. I
would not wishe Englishmen to be now unlike themselves,
for in all the later discoveries the English nation hath bin as
forward as any other. As firste, by their navigations north-
eastward, the bounds of Europe were mailc perfect on the
north syde, for Ptolomic, Strabo, and al other geographers
Icfte it described but onlcy to the ilaudes Orcades in Irelandc,
and Hyi)erboreas Montes in Sarmatia, and finding the land '■'le b"""'"
on the north side of Germany, Poland, Moscovia, and Asia, km^'i'Ihi;'."'^
to extend northward, they left it confuted ly, and knew not
whether it reached to the pole as one firnic lande, or whether
it were devided by some sea they knew not. Ikit this doubt
hath long since bin dissolved, by the valiant attempt of Si.
Hugh Willoughby Knight, Avho (iis I said before) in this
noble discoverie, died an honourable death, and the voyag(;
hath since been perfected by y" two brethren the Borowes, |'j'^"^\"J!i.
and other valiant yong men of our time eastward, beyonde
y" great lliver Obij, as farre as y" empire of y" great Cam or
Cane of Tartaria, as appccreth in my general mapp by
y" pricked bounds thereof. That voyage was then taken in
hand, of y'' valiant Knight, with pretence to have gone east-
ward to the rich countrcy of Cataya, and was grounded
briefely upon these reasons. First, bicause there was a
unicornes home found upon the coast of Tartaria by the
lliver Obij, which (said he) was like by no other ways to
come thither, but from India or Cataya, where the saide

THE FIRST VOYAGE

proy°\he° unicomcs are only found, and tliat by some sea bringing it
fheTorth-^ thither. Also a fisherman of Tartaria rcporteth, y' he sailed
verye farre south-eastward, and found no end of sea, or
likclyhoode thcrof. •Ln-tly, a Tartarian, inhabiting ncere
y" Scithian Sea, reported such a streame and currant to runne
there continually, towards the west, that if you cast anything
therein, it would presently be caried out of your sight towards
the west, whereby necessarily foloweth, thcr should be some
passage to some larger sea, wherein this continual streame
might emptie itself. And by y" experience of this voyage,
it was found, y*^ the frozen zones were not frozen, but
habitable and navigable, a thing y' almost all the old philo-
sophers did deny, and went about with sundry reasons to im-
pugne, for in this voyage to Moscovia, our men passed beyond
seventy-two degrees in north latitude, wheras y" froscn zone
bcginneth at sixty-six degrees and a halfe. This enterprise,
although it toke not effect, to finde y'' passage to Cataya east-
ward, because y° worthy knight, the chief author therof, dyed
commodi- in y" way thither, yet hath it bin very bencficiall to England,
v!.yu<"e '° ^'^ finding out y" trace to S. Nicholas, both for y'' maintenance
of y" navie, and the yerely profit is reaped thcrby, the which
voyage is known to be more dangerous and painful, than any
y" Spanyards or Portugals have ever dealt in, for they being
borne in a somewhat bote countrey, hapncd to dcalc with
easie voyages, although they were long out, not much difier-
ing from their own temperature.

And I thinke, a man mighte be bolde to saye, that in all
their long voyages, to the East and West Indies, they were
never so muche distressed and oppressed with so infinite
numbers, and &andrie kindes of dangers, as oure valiante
(Jenerall Captayne Frobisher, and his companyc were in
every one of these his three voyages, as readyng itj you shall
understand more at large. And yet they courageously per-
sist and continue on their purposed enterprise, and will not
surccasse untill they have (God willing) found oute that long

OF MARTIN FROHISHER.

■if

3
i

wished passage to Cataya, to the everlasting rcnoune, gloric,
and fame of the English nation.

Also, the valor of the Englishmen, did first of all discover
and findc out all that part of America, whiche nowc is called
Baccalaos : for Sebastian Cabot, an Englishman, borne in
Bristow, was by commandment of Kyng Henry the seaventh
in anno 150<S, furnished with shipping, munition, and men,
and sayled along all that tract, pretending to discover the
passage to Cataya, and went alande in many places, and
brought home sundry of the people, and manyc other things
of that countrey, in token of possession, beeing (I say) the
firste Christians that ever there sette foote on land.

Also, the sayde Englishman Cabot, did first discover, at the
procurement of the Kyng of Spaync, tdl that other porte of
America, adjoyning next beyond Brasill, lying aboutc the
famous river called Rio de la Plata.

Also, the Englishmen have made sundrye voyages to
Guinea and Binny, although the Spanyardcs and Portu-
galles, bycause of their neare dwecUing thereunto, got
thyther the firste starte of them, and there prevented them
in building townes and casccls, whereby appearcth, that the
English nation, by their long and dangerous navigations,
have diligently and paynefullie searched out by sea the
temperature of all the zones, whether they were burning,
frosen, hot, colde, or indifferent, even from the pole Artike
to the equinoctiall, and crossing it also passed beyonde the
tropicke'of Capricorne, and returned agayne. And there-
fore, as we are inferioure to no other nation, in making
greate and long voyages by sea, so knowc I no nation com-
parable unto us in taking in hande long travels and voy-
ages by lande. For what nation is it that hath ever had
such a long trade by land as is the Englishmans into Persia,
which, besides two monethcs sayling by sea alonsjr the weast I'lgii^h-
and northcrne coastes of Norway and Lapland, by Ward-,'^'"j''"'''"^^
house unto the Bay of Saint Nicholas, it rcmayncth more in

THE I'lHST VOYAOB

voyage by land and IVcsli rivers, ahoutc three thousandc
Englishc mylcs : for from the nicrchantcs house at Saint
Nicholas, by the river Duina and Liighana, to the citic
Volugda, is compted scaven hundred English miles ; from
thence to the citie Yearuslaue, standing upon the great river
Volga, travelling by only land, is reckned about one hun-
dred and forty miles, where the merchants making new ship-
ping for the freshe I'iver Volga, goe castwardc aboute seven
hundred miles : then the saydc river turning agayne south
by many windings, at the last by the greate citie Astracan,
delivereth it selfe into the south side of the Sea Caspium,
that tract being above nine hundred miles : then after in
two or three dayes, with a good winde crossing the Caspium
Sea, they arrive at a port named Bilblll, where after by
lande journeying with camels in one and twenty dayes,
Yojiiftflto being almost six hundred miles, they come to the famous
city of Tauris or Teuris, being the greatest citie of Persia
for trade of merchandise. This long and paynefuU voyage
by land was taken in hand by a worthy gentleman, Mayster
Anthony Jenkenson, who made thereof a plat, with the first
particular description that I have scene of the whole coun-
trey of Moscovia whiche is yet extant, and therefore the
Englishmen are to be preferred before all other nations in
making long voyages by lande. The Spanyards and Por-
tugalles undoubtedly are worthye immortal fame and glorie,
for their greate enterprises and good successes they have
therein : yet have they never scene nor hard such Straunge
and extraordinarie accidents of the sphere as hath happened
unto the Englishmen. For neyther Spaniarde nor 'Portugal
ever sawe in all their long voyages, the sun and the moone
to make whole and perfect revolutions above the horizon, as
our men yearely do see in their voyage to Moscovia, where
when they abide any time <it Wardhouse they see the suune
goe continually above ground the space of above two moneths
togither, where if they take not great heed, they shall not

OF MAKTIN FKOUISIIKK.

Il8.

know what day of the moncth it is, after the order of our ""y;'
calender, for that they have no niglits. But yet bycause once
everye twenty-four houres the suimk; draweth icare to the
horizon in tlie north parts, it is there commonly shadowed
with vapours and thickc fof^ges, whiche usually rise from
the earth, and seeme a little to shadowe the bodye of the
sunne ; and that lowest approaching of the sun to the earth-
ward, they countc night, and so make good enough reckning
of the days of the moncth, according to our usuall fashion.
But one inconvenience there is that dismayeth and dcterreth
moste men (though they be of valiant courage) from taking
in hande long voyages, eyther by sea or by lande, and that
is the newe and uncustomed elements, and the extreme
ayres of hot and cold, whereby (as some think) if they
travel fiir northward, they shall be frozen to death in the
harde congealed and frozen sea : and again, if they travel
far toward the south, they fear they should be psirched and
broyled to death with the extreme heat of y" middle burn-
yng zone : or else if perhaps they escape alive, yet at least
they shold be burned as black as a cole, as the Indians or
black Moors there are ; and this to believe they are partlyc
perswaded by the sight of those Indians, and partlye by the
perswasions of certaine philosophers, who went with reasons
to prove that between the two tropicks was no dwelling or
being for the extreme heate, the sunne beating on them con-
tiuuallye : neythcr neare eyther pole, for the extreme frostes,
colde and snow whiche coutinuallye hath there (from the
beginning of the world as some thinke) increased, the sunne
being so farre distante from them. AVliich opinion of some,
bycause it importeth very much, I thought good here to
do my indevour to refell, both bycause I know the con-
trarie by my owne experience, and also for that I finde the
course of the sunne in zodiacke (which God hath ordayned
to give light and life to all things) can induce no such kiude
of extremitie : and so, lastly, to confirmc all partes of the
worlde to be habitable.

two

THK FIRST VOYAOK

KxpiTlcnco
to |)ri)ve
tliHt 'I'orriila

/{l HI) ID

hubiublo.

EXPERIKNCES AND RKASONS OK TIIK SPHKRK, TO I'ROVK AL
I'ARTKS OF TIIK WOULD HAHITAUI-K, AND TIIKREHY TO
CONFUTE THK POSITION OF THE FIVK /ONES.

First it may be gathered by experience of our English-
men in an. 1553 ; for Captain Windam made a voyage with
merchandise to Guinea, and entred so far within the Torrida
Zona, that he was within three or four degrees of the Equi-
noctial, and abiding there certain moneths,rcturnedwith gain.
Also the Englishmen made another voyage verye pros-
perous and gainfuU, an. 1554, to y" Coasts of Binin, lying
east from Guinea, being within three degrees of y° Equinoc-
tial, And yet it is reporteth of a truth, that al y" tract from
Cape de las Palnias, trending by C. de tres Puntas, alongst
Benin, until the lie of Saint Thomas (which is perpendicu-
lar under the Equinoctial) : al y° whole bay is more subject
to many bloming and smothering heates, with infectious
and contagious ayres than any other place in al Torrida
Zona, and the cause thereof is some accidents in y" land.
For it is most certain that mountains, seas, woods, and lakes,
etc., may cause through their sundrie kind of situation
s^'indry straunge and extraordinarie effects whych the reason
of the clyme otherwise wouldc not give. I mention these
voyages of oure Englishemcnne, not so much to prove that
Torrida Zona may be, and is inhabited, as to shew their
rcadyn'isse in attempting long and dangerous navigations.
We also among us in England have blacke Moores, Ethio-
pians, out of all partes of Torrida Zona, whiche after a small
continuance can wel endure the colde of our countrey, and
why should not we as well abide the heate of their countrey.
But what shoulde I name anye more experiences, seeying
that all the coastes of Guynea and Bynnin are inhabited of
Portugals, Spanyards, French, and some Englishmen, and
there have built castels and townes. Onely this I will say
to the merchants of Loudon that trade yecrely to Marochus,

OF MARTIN rROHISHKR.

it is vpry certaync that the greatest part of the l)urninf» zone j^,J,'*|!"''||;"*

tllllll lllloUt

is far more temperate aiul coolc in June than the country of ii,^".,',,"i'.'
Marocluis, as shall aj^pecre by these reasons and experiences
following. For let us first consider the breadth and big-
ncssc of this burning zone (which, as every man knowcth,
is forty-seven degrees cache tropickc, whichc are the bounders
thereof) being twenty-three degrees and a halfe distant from
the Equinoctiall. Imagine againe two other paralcls on each
side the Equinoctiall one, eythcr of them distant from the
Equinoctiall about twentie degrees, whichc paralels mayo
be described eyther of them twice a ycare by the sunne
beinge in the firste degrees of Gemini the eleventh of May,
and in Leo the thirtcnth of July, having north latitude.
And agayne, the sunnc becyng in the first degrees of Sagit-
tarius the _ twelfth of November, and in Aquarius the ninth
of January, havyng south latitude, I am to prove by expe-
rience and reason that all that distance included between
these two parralels last named (contcyning fortye degrees
in latitude, gt_ng rounde aboute the earthe, according to
longitude) is not only habitable, but the same most frutcfull
and delectable, and that if anve cxtremitie of hcate bee the
same not to bee within the space of twentye degrees of the
Equinoctiall on eythcr side, but onely under and about the
two tropicks, and so proportionally the nearer you do ap-
proache to cither tropicke the more you are subject to cx-
tremitie of heate (if any suchc be), and so jNIarochus being
scituate but six or seven degrees from the Tropicke of
Cancer, shall be more subject to heate than any place under
the Equinoctiall line.

And first by the experience of sundric men, yea thousands
travailers and mcrchaunts to the East and Weast Indies in
many places, both directly under, and harde by the Equinoc-
tiall, they with one consent affirme that it aboundeth in the
middest of Torrida Zo?ia with all maner of grain, hearbes,
grasse, fruite, wood, and cattell, that we have here, and

THK FIRST VOVAOK

Miirvr||(jii>i
rniilliil

I lie f:r|iil-
nuuLiiill.

OrciitlrnoB.

rninmniJi-

I,i(^H ami

UiiiliT tin:

ei|iiiiiou-

tl.til.

thousands other sortos farre more holcsomc, delectable, and
pretious than anyc wee hav(; in these northcrne climates, as
Vi-ry well shall api)ear(! to him that wil reade the Histories
and Navigations of such as have travelh,'d Arahid, India
intra and extra, Gamjcm, the Ilandes jMoIiiccbc, America,
etc., which all lye about y" niiddhj of y" burning zone, wlurc
it is truly reported that the great hearbes, as arc radishe,
lettuce, colcwortes, borage, and suche like, doe waxe ripe,
greater, more saveric and delectable in taste than ours witiiin
sixte(;ne daycs after the seed is sowen. Wheat being sowrd
the first of Februaric, was found ripe the firste of May, and
generally, where it is lesse fruitefull, the wheate will be ripe
the fourth moneth after the seede is sownc, and in some
places will bring forth an eare as bigge as the wriste of a
man's anne, containing a thousand graines. Beanes, pease,
etc., are there ripe twice a yeare. Also grasse being cutte
downc will growe up in sixe dayes above one foot highc.
If our cattell be transported thither Ai^ithin a small time their
yong ones become of bigger stature and more fattc than ever
they would have been in these countries. 'Jherc are found
in everie wood in great numbers such timber trees as twelve
men holding handes togither arj not able to ladome. And
to be short, all they that have bene there, with one consent
adirme that there are the goodlyest grecne neddowes and
playnes, the faireste mountaines, covered v ith all sorts of
trees and fruits, the fairest vallies, the goodliest pleasaunt
fresh rivers, stoared with infinite kindc of (ishes, the thickest
woods, grecne and bearing fruite al the whole yeare, that are
in al the worlde. And as for gold, silver, and al other kindc
jf metals, al kind of spices, and delectable fruites, both for
delicacic and health, tuc there in such abundance as hitherto
they have bene thought to have bene bred no where else
but there. And in conclusion, it is n.)w thought that no
where else ^:ut under the Equinoctiall, or not far from
thence, is the carthlye Paradise and the only ])lace of per-

OK n: A in IN iRouisiir.K.

int

.'St

,rc

fcction in the world. And that these tilings may secmc the
lesse strange bycauso it hath bin aeconiptcd of the old philo-
sopliers that there could nothing prosper for the extreme
heate of the sunne continually going over their heades in
the zodiacke, I thoughte goodc here to allcage suclic na-
turall causes as to nice secmc verie substanciall and sure
reasons. First, you are to understande that the sunne doeth
worke his more or lesse heate in these lower jiarts by two tipiitis

ciiiineil Ijy

meancs, the one is by the kind of an"le that the sun-beam(;s iwoin'iines,

' •' ~ Unit IH, by

doeth make with the earth, as in all Torrida Zona, it niaketh ,','n,II[!ie',,Ma

perpendicularly righte angles in some place or other at noone t'mu'uuce! '

and towardes the two Poles very oblique and uneven angles.

And the other ineaue is the longer or shorter continuance

of the sunne above the horizon. So that wlicresover these

two causes do most concurre there is moste excesse of heate;

and when this one is wanting the rigor of the heate is lesse.

For though the sunnc-beanies do beate perpendicularly upon

any region subject to it, if it hath no continuance or abode

above the horizon to worke his operation in, there can no

bote eflLct proceede. For nothing can be don in a momentc.

And this seconde cause, mora i^vpra horizontcm, the time of

the sunne's abiding above the horizon, the old philosophers

hence remembered, but regarded only the manner of angles

y*^ the sun-beames made with the horizon, which if they

were equall and right, the heate was (he greater, as in

Torrida Zona ; if they were unequall and oblique, the heat

was the lesse, as towardes both I'oles, which reason is very

good and substancial ; for the pcM-fiendieular beames reflect Note thys

reaiioii.

and reverberate in themselves, so that the heate is doubled,
every beame striking twice, and by uniting are multiplied
and continue strong in forme of a columne. Ibit in our lati-
tude of fifty and sixty degrees the sun-beams descend obli-
f|ue and slanting wise, and so striketh but once and departeth,
and therefore oure heate is the lesse for any effect that the
angle of the sun's beames make. Yet, because we have a

TTIK FIRST VOYAflK

longer continuance ol" the sunnc's presence above the hori-
zon than they have under the Equinoctiall, by whiclie con-
tinuance the lieate is increased, for it shineth to us xvj or
xviij houres sometim'.', when it continueth with them but
twelve houres alwayef .

And againe, oure night is very shorte, wherein colde
vapors use to abound, being but six or eight houres long,
whereas theirs is alwayes twelve houres long, by Avhicli two
advantages of long daycs and shorte nights, thoughe we
wante the equalitie of angle, it commcth to passe that in
sommer oure heatc here is as greate as theirs is there, as hath
bin proved by experience, and is nothing dissonant from
good reason.

Therefore, whosoever wil rightly way the force of colde
and heate in any region, mustc not onclye consider the angle
that the sunne beaines make, but also the continuance of tiie
same above the horizon. As firstc to them under the equi-
noctiall the sunne is twice a jcare at noone in their zenith
perpendicular over their header, and therfore during the ii
houres of those two daycs the heat is very urgent, and so
perhaps it will be in four or five days more, an houre cv^ryc
daye, untill the sunne in his proper motion, have crossed the
equinoctiail, so that this cxtreame heatc caused by the per-
pendicular angle of the sunne beames, endureth but two
houres of two dayes, in a ycarc.

But if any man say the sunne mayo scalde a good while,
before and after it come to the meridian, so farre forthc as
reason leadeth, I am content to allow it, and therefore I will
measure and proportion the sunne's heate, by comparing the
angles there, with the angles made here in England, bicausc
this temperature is best knowen to us. As for example, the
11th day of March, when under the equinoctiail it is halfe
houre past eight of the clockc in the morning, the sun will
be in the cast about thirty-eight degrees above the horizon,
bycause there it riseth always at six of the clock, and movcth

OK MARTIN !■ UOItlSIIKK.

41)

overy hour fifteen degrees, and so high very neare will it he
with us at London the saidc llth of MarcVi at noone. And
therefore looke what force the sunne liath with us at noone,
the llth of March, the same force it seemotli to have under
the equinoctial at half hourc past eight in the morning, or
rather lesse force under the equinoctiall. For with us the
sunne had heene alreadve sixe hourcs ahove the horizon, and
so had purified and cleiised all the v;i pours, and therehy his
force cncreased at noone, hut under the equinoctiall, the
sunne having been uppc hut two and half houres hadde suffi-
cient to doe, to purge and consume the cold and moyst vapors
of the long night past, and as yet had wrought no effect of
heatc. And therefore I niay holdcly pronounce, that there
is much h.'ss heate at halfc houre past eight under the
equinoctiall, than is with us at noone (a fortiori). Ihit in
Marche, we are not onlye contented to have the sunne
shining, but we grcately desire the same. Likewise the 1 1 th
of June, the sunno in our meridian is sixty-two degrees highe
at London ; and under the equinoctiall it is so high after ten
of the cloek(>, and seeing then it is bencficiall with us, <i
fortiori, it is beneficial to them after ten of the clocke.

And thus have we measured the force of the sun's greatest
lieate, the hottest dayes in the yeare, under tlie equinoctiall,
that is, in March and September, from sixe tyll after tonne
of the clocke in the morning, and from t\.o untill sunne set.
And this is concluded, by respecting only the first cause of
heatc, which is the considei .tion of the angle of y® sunncs
beames, by a ccrtainc similitude, that whereas the sunne
shincth never above twelve houres, more than eight o( them
would be coole and pleasant even to us, much more to them
that are acquainted alwayes with suche warme places. .So
there remayneth lesse than fourc; houres of any excessive
heatc, and that only in the two sommer dayes of the yare,
that is, the llth of March, .and the llth of September, for
under the equinoctiall, they have two sommers the one in

THE FIRST VOYAGE

Piirls in
FraiKte is (is
hole as
under llie
Kquiiuictia.l
ill tliine.

jNIarch, and the other in September, which arc our spring and
autumne ; and likewise two winters, in June and December,
which are our sommcr and winter, as may well appoare to
him that hath onclye tasted the principles of the sphere.
But if the sunne be in cyther tropicke, or approaching neare
thereunto, then may we more casilye measure the force of
his meridian altitude, that it striketh upon the equinoctial.
As for example, the twelfth of June, the sunne will be in the
first degree of cancer. Then loke what force the heate of
the sunne hath under the equinoctiall, y'^ same force and
greater, it hath in all that paralcl, where the pole is elevated
bctweene forty-seven and forty-ciglit degrees. And there-
fore Paris in France, the 13th daye of June, sustayneth
more heate of the sunne, than Saint Thomas Ilande, lying
neere the same meridian, doth likewise at noone, or the
ilandes Taprobana, 3Iolucco, or the firme lande of Peru in
America, which all lye underneath the equinoctial. For
upon the 12th day of June aforesaid, the sunne beames at
noone doe make an Isochelcs triancrle. whose vertex is the
center of the sunne, the basis a lyne extended from Saint
Thomas Ilande, under the equinoctiall, unto Paris m France,
neare the same meridian ; therefore the two angles of the
base, must needes be equall p 5, primi, ergo the force ol the
heate equall, if there were no other cause, than the reason of
the angle, as the olde philosophers have appointed. But
bycause at Paris the sun riseth two houres before it riseth
to them under the equinoctiall, and setteth likewise two
houres after them, by means of the obliquity of the horizon,
in which time of the sunnes presence 4 houres in one place
more than the other, it worketh some effect more in one
place than in the other, and being of equall height at nov.ne,
it muste then needes follow to bo more bote in the paralell
of Paris than it is under the equinoctiall. Also this is an
other reason, that when the sun setteth to them under the
equinoctiall, it goeth very deep and lowc under their hori-

OF MARTIN FKOUISIIER.

the

Saint
ancc,

the

1 of

But
iscth

two

izon,

ilace

one

Ov/ne,

liralcll

is an
:r the

hori-

zon, almost even to their antipodes, whereby their twylights

are very shorte, and their ni<i;hts are made verye extreame ''''"' t«y-

•' ' ° •' Imlils lire

darke and long, and so the moysture and coldenesse of the 4,'',',",I|Tilu''
long nightcs wonderfully cncrcaseth, so that at length the ,'I"!ier'
sun rismg can hardly in many houres consume and drive iDctiiinimn

at I'lii in .

away the colde humoures and moyst vapours of the nighte
paste, whiche is clcane contrarye in y" paralel of Paris. For
y^ sun goeth under their horizon but vcrye little, after a
sloping sorte, whereby their nights are not verye darke, but
lightsome ; as looking into the north in a cleare night with-
oute cloudes, it doeth manifcstlyc appcare their twyiightes
are long, for the paralel Cancer cutteth not the horizon of
Paris at right angles (but at angles very uneven and unlike),
as it doth the horizon of the equinoctiall. Also the sonimer
day at Paris is sixteene houres long and the night but
eight ; where contrarie wise, under the equinoctial, the day
is but twelve houres long, and so long is also the nighte, in
what soever paralel the sun be ; and therefore looke what
oddes and difference of proportion there is betwccne the
sunnes abode above the horizon in Paris and the abode it
hath, under the equinoctiall (it being in Cancer), the same
proportion would seeme to be between the heate of the one
place and heate of the other : for other tilings (as the angle
of the whole arcke of the sunnes progresse that day in both
places) are equall.

But under the equinoctiall, the presence and abode of the
sunnc above the horizon is equall to his absence and abode
under the horison, cache being twelve houres. And at
Paris the continuance and abode of the sunne is above the
horizon sixteene houres long and but eight hours absence,
whiche proportion is double, from whiche, if the proportion
of the equalitie be subtracted to find the difference, there
will remaine stil a double proportion ; whereby it seemcth
to followe, that in June the heate at Paris were double to
the heate under the equinoctiall. For (as I have saidc) the

E 'l

THE VIRST VOYAGE

Tliey use
a'u! Imve
iieeilfi of
tiro under
the pi|iii-
iicictiull.

Colde inter-
mingled
witli lieato
uiidor tlie
equinoctiiill

angle of the sunne bcames arc in all points cquall, and the
cause of difference is Mora soli's supra horizontcm, the
staye of the sunne in the one horizon more than in the
other. Therefore, whos'?ever could fiadc out in what pro-
portion the angle of the sunne beames hcateth, and what
cncrease the sunncs continuance doeth addc thereunto, it
nv j;ht expresly be sette downe what force of heate and cold
is in all regions.

Thus you partely see, by comparing a clymate to us well
knowe and familiarlye acquainted by lykc height of the
sunne in bothe places, that under the equinoctiall in June is
no excessive heate, but a temperate ayre, rather tendinge to
colde. For as they have there for the moste parte a con-
tinuall moderate heate, so yet sometime they are a little
'pintchcd wyth colde, aijd use the benefite of fyre as well as
wee, especiallye in the evening when they goe to bedde ;
for as they lye in hanging beddes tyed faste in the upper
parte of the house, so wyll they have fyrcs made on both
sides their bed, of Avhich two fires, y" one they devise super-
stitiouslye to drive awaye spyrites, and the other to keep
away from them the coldnesse of the nigliLs.

Also in many places of Torricla Zona, especially in the
higher laudes somewhat mountainous, the people a little
shrinke at the colde, and are often forced to provide them-
selves clothing, so that y" Spaniards have found in the West
Indies muny people elothedj especially in winter ; whereby
appeareth. that with their heate there is colde intermingled,
else would they never provide this remedy of clothing,
which to thorn is rather a griefe and trouble than otherwise.
For when they go to warres they wil putte off al their appa-
rell, thinking it to be cumbersome, and wil alwayes goe
naked, y* they thereby might be more nimble in their flight.
Some there be that thinkc y" middle zone extreme hot, by-
cause y*^ people of y" countrie can and do live withoute
clothing, wherein they childishly are deceived, for oure clime

fl?5W

OF MAUI IN KKOIUSHKR.

rcby

goc
ight.

rather tendctli to cxtreamitie of coldc, bicausc we cannot
live without clothing : for this our dubblc lining, furring
and wearing so many cloths, is a remedy against extrcmitie,
and argueth not y" goodncsse of y" habitation, but incon-
venience and injury of cold : and that is rather y" moderate,
temperate, and delectable habitation, where none of these
troublesome things are rc(juired, but that wc may live naked
and bare, as nature bringeth us forth. Others again imagine
y® midle zone to be extreme hote, bycause the people of
Affrica, especially y*' Ethiopians, are so cole blacke, and
their haire, like wooll, curled short, which blacknesse and
curled haire tl^ey suppose to come only by y^ parching heate
of y" sun, M'hich how it should be possible I cannot see. For
even under the equinoctiall in America, and in y" East
Indies, and in the Hands Moluccce y*^ people are not blacke
but white, with long haire uncurled as we have ; so that if
the Ethiopians blacknesse came by the heate of the sune,
why shoulde not those Americans and Indians also be as
blacke as they, seeyng the sunnc is equally distant from
them both, they abiding in one paralel : for the concave
and convex siipcrjices of the orbe of the sun is concentrikc
and equidistant to y"' earth, except any man should imagine
somewhat of Aux [Arx] SoUs and Oppositum, whiche indif-
lerently may be applied as wel to y** one place as to the other.
But y" sunne is thought to give no otherwise heate but by way
of angle in reflection, and not by his ncercnes to y** earth ;
for throughout al Africa, yea in y'' niiddest of y" middle
zone, and in all other places, upon y" tops of mountains,
there lyeth continuall snow, which is nerer to the orbe of
the sunnc than y® people in the valley by so muche as the
height of these mountaynes amount unto; and yet the sunnc,
Jiotwithstanding his nerenesse, can not melt the snow, for
want of convenient place of reflexions. Also the middle
region of the ayre, where all the hayle, frost and snowe is
engendered, is ncerer unto the sunnc than the earth is, and

F.l)iiii|iiiiiis
blatke wiili
curled baire.

'J'I'l' Mllltlr
llUHtClll IIDt

by liis iieui-
iiHSse, lull
only by vs-
riexioii.

THE FIRST VOYAGE

A bliieke
Moiires sou
biiriie ill
Kiiglaiiil.

The Odloure
of the
pcoph' in
Mem iiicuy-
iiilu.

yet there continucth perpetuall colde, bycausc there is
nothing that the sunnes bcames may reflect against, whereby
appeareth the neercnesse of the body of" y" sunne worketh
nothing. Therefore, to returne again to the bhicke Moores,
1 my sclfe have scene an Ethiopian as bhicke as a cole
broughl into Englande, who taking a faire Englishe woman
to wife, begatte a sonnc in all respects as blacke as the father
was, although England were his native countrcy and an
English woman his mother : whereby it seemeth this black-
nesse proceedeth rather of some natural infection of that
man, whiche was so strong, that neyther y" nature of y«
clime neyther the good, complexion of the mother concur-
ring coulde any thing alter, and therefore we can not impute
it to y'^ nature of the clime. And for a more fresh example
our people of Meta Incognita (of whomc and for whome
thys discourse is taken in hande) that were broughte this
last yeare into Englande, were all generallie of the same
coloure that many nations be lying in the middest of the
middle zone. . And this their coloure was not only in the
face, whiche was subjecte to sunne and ayre, but also in
their bodies, which were still covered with garments as
oures are, yea the verye suckinge childe of twelve moneths
age hadde his skinne of the very same coloure that most
have under the equinoctiall ; which thing can not proceed
by reason of the climcj for that they are at least tenne de-
grees more tov/ards the north than we in Englande are ; r ,
the sunne ne'er commeth neere their zenith by 40 degrees,
for in effect they are within three or four degrees of that
which they call the frosen zone, whereby it followeth that
there is some other cause than the clymate, or the sunnes
perpendicular reflection, that shoulde cause the Ethiopians
great blacknesse. And the most probable cause to my
judgemente is, that this blacknesse proceedeth of some natu-
rall infection of the first inhabitants of that countrey, and so
all the whole progenie of them descended are still poluted

tmm>ea

aiW'

OF MAKTIX FHOIUSIIKU.

with the same blot of inlcction. Therefore it shall not be

farre fri

the first oriuinall of the

1 the
so in
its as
ncths
most
oceed
de-
r ,
njrees,
■ that
that
unnes
plans
my
natu-
■ind so
luted

our purpose

blacke men, and how by lineall discentc they have hitherto
continued this blacke. It manifestly and plainely appeareth
by holy Scripture that after the generall inundation and
overflowing of the earth, there remained no more men alive
but Noe and his three sons, Sem, Cham, and Japeth, who
only were lefte to possesse and inhabit the whole face of the
earth : therefore all the land that untill this daye hath bin
inhabited by sundry discents, must needes come of the off-
spring eyther of Sem, Cham, or Japhet, as the onely sonnes
of Noe, who all three being white and their wives also, by
course of nature should have begotten and brought forth
white children. But the envie of our great and continuall
enemie the wicked spirit is such, that as he could not suffer
our old father Adam to live in the felicitie and angelike
state wherein he was first created, but tempting him sought
and procured his ruine an^l 'al : so againe, finding at this
floud none but a father and tliree sonnes living, he so caused
one of them to transgresse and disobey his fathers com-
mandement, that after him all his postcritie shoulde be
accursed. The fact of disobedience was this. When Noe
at the commandement of God had made and entered the
Arke, and the floud gates of heaven were opened, so that
the whole face of the earth, every tree and mountaine was
covered with abundance of water, he straightly commanded
his sonnes and their wives, that they should with reverancc
and feare behold the justice and mighty power of God, and
that during the time of the floud, while they remained in
the Arke, they should use continence and absteine from
carnall copulation with their wives : and many other pre-
ceptcs he gave unto them, and admonitions touching the
justice of God in revenging sinne and his raercie in deliver-
ing them who nothing deserved it. Which good instructions
and exhortations notwithstanding, his wicked sonne Cham

The cnuse
(if tlio
iUliiopiiuiH
bluckiiesse.

The Arke
of Noe.

5t)

THK I'lKST VOYAOK

chusyo (lisobcyed, and bcincf persuaded that the first child borne

■oiiiie of c3 i

accufseii ^^^^^ ^^^^ flood (by right and law of nature) should inherit
and posscsse all the doniinion of the earth, he, contrarie to
his fathers coinmandcment, wiiile they were yet in the Arke
used company with his wife, and craftily went about thereby
to disinherit the offspring of his other two brethren ; for
the which wicked and detestable fact, as an example for con-
temptc of Almightio God and disobedience of parents, God
would a bonne shuld be borne whose name was Chus, who
not only itselfe, but all his posteritie after him, should be so
black and lothsome that it might remairie a spectacle of dis-
obedience to a)l the world. And of this blacke and cursed
Chus came all these blacke Moores which are in Africa, for
after the water was vanished from off the face of the earth
and that the land was drie, Scin chose that part of the land
to inhabit in which now is called Asia, and Japhet had that
which now is called Europa wherein we dwell, and Africa

Africftwaa remained for Cham and his blacke sonnc Chus, and was

Cllllt'J

cimmesifl. called Cliamesis after y" fathers name, being perhaps a
cursed, dry, sandy, and unfruiteful ground, fit for such a
generation to inhabit in. Thus you see y' the cause of y"
Ethiopians blacknesse is the curse and natural infection of
blood and not the distemperaturc of the clymate, which also
may be proved by this example, that these black men are
found in all partes of Africa, as well withoute the tropicks
as within, even unto Capo d' buona Speranza southward,
where by reason of the sphere should be the same tempera-
ture that is in Spayne, Sardigiia, and Sicilia,^ where all be
of very good complexions. Wherefore I conclude that the
blacknesse proceeueth, not of the hotenesse of the clime, but
as I sayd of the infection of bloud, and therfore this their
argumcute gathered of the Africans blacknesse is not able to
destroy the temperature of the middle zone. We may there-
fore very well be assertayned, that under the equinoctiall is
' In Uakhiyt, it stapds thus " Sicilia, Morea, and Candie."

OF MARTIN FUOUISIIKR.

lere-

ill

the most pleasant and delectable place of the world to dwell

in, where, although the sunne for two houres in a ycarc be

dirccte over their heads, and therefore the heate at that time

somewhat of force, yet bycause it commeth so seldoinc and

continueth so small a time, when it commeth it is not to be

wayed, but rather the moderate heate of other times is all [imptmun.

the yeare to be remembered. And it the heate at any time eciuiuouuuu.

should in tVic shortc day waxe somewhat urgent, the cold-

nesse of the long night there would easilie refreshc it,

according as Honterus' sayth, speaking of the temperature

under the equinoctiall.

Quodq. die solis violento incanduit (esbt
Hmnida nox reficit, paribusq. refrujerat horis.

If the heate of the sunne in the day time doe burne or
parch any thing, the moysturc of the night dothc coole and
refresh the same againe, the sunne being as long absente in
the night as it was present in the day. Also our author of
the Sphere, Joannes d' Sacro josco." in the chapter of the
Zodiacke, deriveth the etimologie of Zodiacus, of the Greeke
word Zoe, which in Latin signifycth Vita, life, for out of
Aristotle he alledgeth, that secundum accessum ct rccessum
solis ill Zodiaco , Jiunt gcnerationcs et corrtiptiones in rebus
infei'ioribus : according to tv\e sunnes going to and fro in
the zodiake, the infcriour bodies take their causes of genera-
tion and corruption. Then ir, followeth, that where there is
most going too and fro there is most generation and corrup-
tion : whiche must ncedes be betwcenc the two tropikes, for
there the sunne gocth too and fro most, and no where else
but there. Therefore betweene tuJ two tropikes, that U, in ''"JerHi.*",,
the midle zone, is greatest incrcisc, niukiplication, genera- |fgj;g^'|[jf^"y

• Joannes Ilonterus or Ilonter of Cronstadt in Transilvania, in the 3rd
Book of his lludimentorum CosmographicorHm lihri qnatuor, 1573.

-■ John llolywood, better known a.* Joannes de Sacrobosco, the famous
author of the Splucra Mtmdi, an astronomical work which maintained its
reputation for four centuries. He was a native of Yorkshire, and died
in 125G.

.^\

^^>,

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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1 2.0

III 1.8

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TIIK FIRST VOYAGK

Grentest
hi'iile unclor

tion and corruption of things ; which also wc find by expe-
rience, for there is somraer twice in the yeare and twice
winter, so that they have two harvests in the yeare and con-
tinuall spring. Seing then the middle zone falleth out so
temperate, it resteth to declare where the hottest part of the
world should be, for we fynde some places more hote than
Others. To answere this doubt, reason persuadeth the hotest
place in the worlde to be under and aboutc the two tro-
pickes, for there more than in anye other place doe both the
causes of heatc concurre, that is, the perpendicular falling
ti.e truiiiks. Qj' ^j^g g^^ l^eames at right angles, and a greater continuance
of the sunne above the horizon (the pole there being ele-
vated three or foure and twentie degi-ees). And as before
I concluded, that though the sunne were perpendicular to
them under the equinoctiall, yet bycause the same continued
but a small tyme (thcyr dayes being short and theyr nightes
long), and theyr speedic departure of the sunne from their
zenith, bycause of the suddayne crossing of the zodiacke
with the equinoctiall, and that by such contiuuall course and
recourse of hote and colde the tempertiture grew moderate.

So now to them under y'' two tropikes, the sun having
once by his proper permotion declined 20 degrees from the
equinoctiall, beginneth to draw neere theyr zenith, which
may bee (as before) aboute the eleventh day of May, and
then beginneth to send his beames almost at right angles,
about which tyme the sunne cntreth into the first degree of
Gemini, and with this almost right angle the sunne beames
will continue untill it be past Cancer, that is, the space of
two moneths every day at noone, almost perpendicular over
their heads, being then the time of Solstitimn JEstiualc,
whiche so long contiimance of the sun aboute their zenith
maye cause an extreanie heate (if anye be in the world) but
of necessitie farrc more heate than can bee under the equi-
noctiall, where the sunne hathe no suche long abode in the
zenith, but passeth away therehence very quickly. Also

OF MARTIN FROBISHEK.

,'ing
the
lich
and
;les,
of
anies
ce of
over
iiale,
!nith

but
iqui-

the
Also

under the tropikes the day is longer by an houre and a halfe
than it is under the equinoctiall, wherefore the heate of the
sunne, having .i longer tyme of operation, must needes be
encreased, especially seeing the nighte, wherein colde and
moysture doe aboundc under the tropikes is lesse than it is
under the equinoctiall. Therefore I gather that under the
tropikes is the hottest place, not onely of Torrida Zona, but
of any other pirte of the worlde, especially bycausc there
both causes of heate doe concurre, that is, the perpendicular
falling of the sunne beanies two moneths togyther, and the
longer abode of the sunnes presence above the horizon.
And by this meanes more at large is proved that Marochus
in sommcr is farre more bote than at any tyme under the
equinoctiall, bycausc it is situate so neere the tropike
Cancer, and also for the length of their dayes. Neyther
yet doe I thinke that the regions scituate under the tropikes
are not habitable, for they are founde to be verye frutefull
also, although Marochus and some other partes of Africa
neere the tropike, for the drynesse of the native sandie soile
and some accitlentcs, maye seeme to some to be intemperate
for overmuch heate. For Ferdinandus Ouiedus,^ speaking
of Cuba and Hisnaniola, ilands of America, lying hard under cuba.
or by the tropike Cancer, sayeth that these ilandes have as
good pasture for cattell as any other countrey in the world.
Also they have most holesome and cleere water and tem-
perate ayre, by reason whereof the hoards of beastes are
much bigger, fatter, and of better tast than any in Spayne,
bycause of the rank pasture, whose moysture is better di-
gested in the hearbe or grasse by continuall and temperate
heate of the sunne, whereby being made more fatte and
unctious, it is of better and more stedfast nourishment. For
continuall and temperate heate dothe not only draw much
moysture out of the earth, to tLe nourishmente of suche
things as growe and are engendred in that clyme, but dothe
' Ovieilo, the Spanish traveller and historian.

■wpwpp^pp

"!F"Vi

THE FIRST VOYAGE

also by moderation preserve the same from putrifying, di-
tropi" u^a S^^^^^o ^^^^ ^^^ condcnsating or thickening the sayd moyst
t"mpera-° nourishmentc into a gummie and unctions substance, whereby
appcareth also that under the tropikcs is both holesome,
frutefull, and pleasant habitation ; whereby, lastly, it fol-
loweth that al the middle ^one, whiche untyll of late dayes
hathe bin compted and called the burning, broyling, and
parched zone, is now found to bee the most delicate, tem-
perate, commodious, pleasaunte, and delectable part cf the
world, and especially under the equinoctiall,

Havyng nowe sufficiently at large declared the tempera-
ture of the middle zone, it remayneth to speake somewhat
also of the moderate and continuall hoate in colde regions,
as well in the niglite as in the daye all the sommer long,
and also how these tegious are habitable to the inhabitantes
of the same, contrarie to the opinion of olde writers.

Nine
cliuuteij.

OF THE TEMPERATURE OF COLDE REGIONS ALL THE SOMMER
LONG, AND ALSO HOWE IN WINTER THE SAME IS HABIT-
ABLE, ESPECIALLY TO THE INHABITANTS THEREOF.

The colde regions of the worlde are those whiche, tending
towarde the pole artikc and antartike, are withoute the cir-
cuit or bounds of the seaven climates, which, agreeable to
the opinion of the olde writers, is founde and sette out in
our authore of the Sphere, Joannes de Saerobosco, where he
playnely sayeth, that without the seaventh climate, which is
bounded by a parallel passing at fiftic degrees in latitude,
all the habitation beyonde that to be discommodious and
intollerable : but Gemma Thrisius, a late writer, finding
England and Scotland to be withoute the compasse of those
climates wherein he knew to be very temperate and good
habitation, added thereunto two other climates, the utter-

OF AIARTIN FROniSHER.

cu-
[e to
It in

he
Hi is

idc,
land

ling
Lose

rood

Iter-

inri»nn
ii'tweono

most paralell whereof passeth by 56 degrees in Latitude, and
therein comprehendeth over and above the first computation,
England, Scotland, Dcnmarke, Moscovia, etc., which all are
rich and mightie kingdomes.

The old writers, perswaded by bare conjecture, went
aboute to determine of those places, by comparing them to
their own conr^^exions, bycause they felt them to be hardly
tolerable to themselves, and so toke thereby an argument of
the whole habitable earth, as if a man borne in Morochus, or
other part of Barbaric, should at the latter end of sommcr,
upon the suddayne, eyther naked, or wyth hys thinnc vcs- :^,j''''"''
ture, be broughte into England, he would judge this region Maroctms
presently not to be habitable, bycause he being broughte up "aud."^
in so warme a countrcy, is not able hcere to live, for so
sodaine an alteration of the cold ayrc ; but if the same man
hadde come at the beginning of sommer, and so afterwarde
by little and little by certaine degrees, had felt and ac-
quainted himselfc with the frost of autumne, it would have
seemed by degrees to harden him, and so to make it far
more tollerable, and by use after one yeere or two, the ayre
woulde seeme to hym more temperate. It was compted a
greate matter in the olde time, that there was a brassc pot
broken in sunder with frozen water in Ponthus, which after
was broughte and shewed in Delphi's, in token of a miracu-
lous cold region and winter, and therefore consecrated to the
Temple of Apollo.

This effect being wroghte in the paralell of 48 degrees in
latitude, it was presentlye compted a place vcrye hardlye
and uneasily to be inhabited for the greate colde. And
howe then can suche men define uppon other regions very
farre without that paralell, wh'er they were inhabited or
not, seeing that in so ncare a place they so grossely mistooke
the matter, and others their followers being contented with
the inventions of the olue authors, have persisted willingly
in the same opinion, with more confidence than consideration

THE FIRST VOYAGE

All the
iii>rt)i

recinns ftre
habitable.

Oiaiigotree.

of the cause, so lightly was that opiniru received, as touching
the unhabitable clime neare and under the Poles.

Therefore I am at this present to prove y' all the land lying
betwcene the laste climate even unto the point directly under
either Poles, is or maye be inhabited, especially of suche
creatures as are ingendrcd and bredde therein. For indeed
it is to be confessed, that some particular living creature
cannot live in every particular place or region, especially
wyth the same joy and felicitie, as it did where it was first
bredde, for the certaine agreement of nature that is betweene
the place, and the thing bredde in that place, as appeareth
Elephant. \jy i\^q elephant, which being translated and brought out of
the second or third clima^^e, though they may live, yet will
they never ingender or bring forth yong. Also wee see the
like in many kinds of plants and hcarbs : for example, the
orange tree, although in Naples they bring forth fruit
abundantly, in Rome and Florence they will beare onlye
faire greene leaves, but not any fruite : and translated into
England, they will hardly beare either flowers, fruite, or
leaves, but are the next winter pinched and withered with
colde : yet it followeth not for this, that England, Rome, and
Florence should not be habitable.

In the proving of these colde regions habitable, I shall be
verye shorte, bicause the same reasons serve for this purpose,
which were alleaged before in the proving the middle zone
to be temperate, especially seeing all heate and colde pro-
ceede from the sunne, by the mcanes eyther of the angle his
beames doeth make with the horizon, or else by y^ long or
shorte continuance of the sun's presence above ground : so
that if the sunncs beames do heate perpendicularlye at righte
angles, then there is one cause of heate, and if the sunne doe
also long continue above the horizon, then the heate thereby
is muche cncreased by accesse of this other cause, and so
groweth to a kind of extremitie. And these ii causes, as I
said before, doe moste concurre under the two tropickes, and

Two cnuses
of heate.

OK MARTIN KKOHISTIKR.

pro-
rle his
ing or
id: so
i-ighte
ic doc
[ercby
Ind so
|, as I
Is, and

therefore thoro is the greatest heatc of y'' worklc. And like-
wise, where both these causes are most absent, there is
greatest want of heatc, and encrease of cohle (seeing that
cokle is nothing but the privation and absen' -^ of heat), and
if one cause be wanting and the other present the effect will
grow indifferent. Therefore this is to be undorstanded, that
the nearer anyc region is to the cquinoctiall the higher the
sunne doeth rise over their heades at noone, and so maketh
either righte or ncare righte angles, but the sun tarrycth
with them so much the shorter time, and eauseth shorter
dayes, with longer and colder nights, to restore the domage
of the daye paste, by reason of the moisture consumed by
vapour. But in such reasons, over the which the sun riseth
lower (as in regions extended toward cs cyther pole) it maketh
there unequall angles, but the ; mnc continueth longer, and
maketh longer dayes, and eauseth so much shorter and
warmer nights, as retayning warmo vapoures of the daye
paste. For there are found by experience sommer nights in "",r"'.^''
Scotland and Gothland very hot, when under the cquinoctiall f.',',',^; nip^f,
they are found very colde. This benefit of the sunnes long equruocuuu.
continuance and encrease of the day, doth augment so muche
the more in coldc regions, as they are nearer the poles, and
eeaseth not encrcasing, until it come directly under the point
of the pole articke, where the sunne continueth above
groundc the space of sixc moncths or halfe a yeare togithcr, ^/'"^'e^'^
and so the daye is halfe a yere longe, that is the time of """"="'*•
y^ suns being in the north signes, from the first degree of
Aries until the last of Virgo, that is all the time from our 10
day of March, untill the 14th of September. The sun there-
fore during the time of these 6 moncths without any offence
or hinderaunce of the nighte, gyveth his influence upon those
landes with heate that never eeaseth during that time, which
maketh to the great increase of sommer, by reason of the
sunnes continuance. Therefore it followeth, that though the
sunne be not there very high over their heads to cause right

TIIK FlUST VOYAGK

The sun
never
setteth in
a 182 daycB.

Horizon
iinil equi-
noctiall one
under the
pole.

angle beams and to give great heate, yet the sun being tberc
sometime almost 24 degrees bigh, dotb caste a convenient and
meanc beate wbicb tbere continuetb witbout bindorance of
tbe nigbt tbe space of six monetbs (as is before saide) during
Mbicbe time tbere folowetb to be a convenient, moderate and
temperate beat, or else ratlier it is to be suspected tbe beat
tbere to be very great, botb for continuance and also quia
tiritis unita crcscit, tbe vcrtue and strengtb of beat united in
one encreasctb. If tlien tbero be sucbe a moderate beat
under tbe poles, and tbe same to continue so long time, wbat
shoulde move tbe olde writers to save tbere cannot be place
for babitation. And tliat tbe certaintie of tbis temperate
beat under botb tbe poles migbt more manifestlye appeare,
lette us consider tbe position and qualitie of tbe spbcrc, tbe
lengtb of tbe day, and so to gatber tlie beigbte of tbe sunne
at all times, and by consequent tbe quantitie of bis angle, and
so lastely tbe strengtb of bis beate.

Tbose landcs and regions lying under tbe pole and baving
tbe pole for tbeir zenitb, muste needes bave tbe cquinoctiall
circle for tbeir horizon, tberefore tbe sunne entring into tbe
uortb signes, and describing every 24 boures a paralell to
tbe cquinoctiall by tbe diurnall motion of Primum Mobile,
tbe same paralels must needes be wbolcly above tbe borizon,
and so lookc bow many degrees tbere are from tbe fyrst of
Aries to tbe last of Virgo, so many wbole revolutions tbere
are above tbeyr borizon y' dwell under tbe pole, whicbe
amountetb to 182, and so manye of oure dayes tbe sunne
continuetb witb tbcm. During wbycb tyme tbey bave tbere
continuall daye and ligbte witboute anye binderaunce of
moistc nigbtes. Yet it is to be noted tbat tbe sunne being
in tbe fyrst degree of Aries, and lastc degree of Virgo, maketb
bis revolution in tbe very borizon, so tbat in tbese 24 boures
balfe tbe body of tbe sunne is above tbe borizon and the
other balfe is under tbis only center, describing botb the
borizon and tbe cquinoctiall circle.

OF MARTIN |-Ut)l»l.sm:H.

'So

nocliall
nto the
ell to
Mohilr,
orizon,
vrst of
there
,^hiche
sunne
e there
nee of
being
lakcth
houres
nd the
)th the

And therefore seeing the greatest deelination of the sun is
almost 24 degrees, it followeth his greatest height in tliosc
countries to be almost ;24 degrees. And so higli is the sun lomion.
at noonc to us in London about y" 29 of October, being in
the 15 degree of Scorpio, and likewise the 21 of January
being in the 15 of A(]uarius. Therefore looke what force
the sun at noone hath in London the 29th ot October, the
same force of heate it hathe, to them that dwell under the i)ole,
the space almost of two moiicths, during the time of the
sommer solstiliimi. and that without intermingling of any
colde night : so that if the heate of the sunne at noone coulde
he well measured in London (which is vcrye harde to do,
bycause of the long nights, whiche engender greate moysture
and, colde), then woulde manifcstlye appeare by expresse
numbers the mancr of the heate under the poles, which cer-
tainly must needes be to the inhabitants vcrye commodious
and profitable, if it inclyne not to over much heate, anil if
moysture do not want.

For as in October in England we find temperate aire, and
have in our gardens hearbes and flourcs notwithstanding our
colde nights, how much more shoulde they have y" same
good ayre, being continual without night. This heate of
ours continueth but one houre while the sunne is in y" meri-
dian, but theirs continueth a. long time in one height. 'J'his
our heate is weake, and by the coolenesse of the night .an-
isheth ; that heate is strong, and by continual accesse is still
increased and strengthened. And thus by a similitude of
the equal height of the sunne in both places, appeareth the <',.imiii<.-

^ . , ilii'iiH 'Miller

commodious and moderate heate of the regions under the ^'"^ i'"''^'^-
])oles.

And surely I can not thinke that the divine providence
hath made any thing uncommunieable, but to have given
such order to all things that one way or other the same
shoulde be emploied, and that every thing and place should
be tollerable to the next. But especiallye all things in this

rur. FIUST VOYAfiK

Tho liitrliU'8
under llio
jKile.

'I'ho twy-
liglils nivo
liglit uiuler
tin- pole
(iliiKiHle at
tliH winter.

lower world hv <ri\en to niim to have doniinion aiul use
thereof". Tliercfore wee ncedi' no lonsjer to doulit ol tin-
temperate and commodious habitation under the poles during;
tho tymc of sonimer.

And al the controversie eonsisteth in the winter, lor then
the sun leaveth those regions, and is no more scene lor the
space of other sixe months, in the wliich time al the sunncs
course is uiulcr their horizon for the space; of halfe a yeare,
and then those regions (saye some) mustc needs he de-
formed with horible darkenesse and continuall nyghtc,
whiche maye he the cause that beast( can not seeke theyr
foode, and that also the cold should then he intollerable.
Jiy which doid)le evils al living creatures should be con-
strayned to die, and were not able to indure the extrcmitie
and injurie of winter and famine ensuing thereof, hut that
all things shoulde perish before the sommcr folowing, when
they should bring forth their broode and yong, and that for
those causes y" said clime about the pole shold be desolate
and not habitable. To al which objections may be answered
in this manner : first, that thoughe the sun be absent from
them those five months, yet it followeth not there should he
such extrcamc darkenesse, for as the sunne is departed under
their horizon, so is it not farre from them. And not so
soonc as the sunne falleth, so sodainely commeth the darke
night, but the evening doth substitute and prolong the daye
a good while after by twilight. After which time the resi-
due of y" night receiveth light of the moone and starres
untill the breake of the day, which giveth also a certaine
light before the sunnes rising, so that by these means the
nights arc seldom dark, which is verified in all parts of the
world, but least in the middle zone luider the equinoctinll,
where the twylights are short and the nights darker than
in any other place, bycause the sm gocth under their
horizon so deepe, even to their antipodes. Wee sec in Eng-
Irmde in the sommcr nights, when the sun goeth not f.n

OK M Ml'I'tN lllOl'.ISMK.K.

(iT

uiulrr the horizon, tli it liy ili(< li<f|if nl' the nioonc aiul stars

wrc may travel al nit;lit, and iforcasioii were do soinci othrr

labour also. And tlirro is no man that doiditclh whether

our ciittd can see to fccde in y'" nights, sccinuf wcr arc so

well certified thereof by onr experience : and by reason of

the sphere, our nii^hts shouhl be (huker than any time iIf','VN'i'i''iiu

under the poles.

The astronomers consent that the sun, desrendint? from
our upper hemisphere^ at the 18 paralell u;ider the hori/on,
maketh an end of twylicht, so that at length the darke night
cnsuetli, and that afterward in the morning, the sun ap-
])roaching againe within as many paral(>ls, doth drive away
v'' night bv aceesse of v" twvlight. Againe, bv the position
of the sphere under y" pole, the horizon and tiie equinoctiall
are al one. 'J'hese revolutions therefore that are paralell to
the equinoctiall are also paralel to the horizon, so that the
^un descending under y" horizon, and there describing cer-
tain paralcls not farre distant, doeth lud bringe darke nights
to those regions until it come to the paralels distant 1>>
degrees from y" equinoctiall, that is, about y*" ~1 degree of
Scorpio, which wil be about y'' 4 day of our Novendier and
iifter the winter solstitium, y'' sun retourning backe againe
to y" 9 degree of A([uarius, whiche wil be aboute y" 19 of
fanuary. during which time only, 'hat is from y'' 4 of No-
vember untill the xix day of January, which is about six
weeks spooe, those regions do want y commodi<ie of twy-
lights. Therefore, during y*" time of these said six monoths iim six

ot darkncsse under v*' polos, y*" night is destitute ot y" l)enent ni..i.Tiii.'
•' ^ _ •' " •' II.. ii.

of y» sun, and y" said twilights, only for y'' space of six weeks
or thereabout. And yet neither this time of six weeks is
without remedy fro heaven. For y'' moone with hir en-
creased light bathe aceesse at that time and illuininateth the
moncths, lacking light every one of themselves severally
halfe the course of y° inoneth. by whose benefite it commeth
to passe y' y'' night named extreame dark pos^osseth those

THR FIHST VOYAOR

Tho orflH-
turps "f that
noiiiiti ill ai'u
|irovl(lii(l fur
tlio GUlU,

An objec-
tion of Meta
Inoogiiita.

rcj»ions no longer than one moncth, neither that continuallv
or al at one time, but this also divided into two sorts of
shorter nights, of y" which either of them endureth for y'
space of 15 daycs, and are illuminate of y" moonc accord-
ingly. And this reason is gathered out of the spherv ,
whereby wc may testifie y' the sommers are warme and
fruitful, and the winters nights under the pole are tollerable
to living creatures. And if it be so that the winter and time
of darknes there be very cold, yet hath not nature left them
unprovided therefore. For there y" beasts are covered with
haire so muchc the thicker in how much the vehemencie of
cold is greater, by reason wherof the best and richest furrcs
are broughte out of the coldest regions. Also the foules of
these cold countries have thicker skins, thicker feathers, and
more stored of down than in other hot places. Our Eng-
lishmen that travel to S. Nicholas, and go a fishing to Ward-
house, enter far within the circle artikc, and so are in the
froxcn zone ; and yet there, as well as in Iseland, and all
along those northern seas, they finde the greatest store of
the greatest fishes that are, as whales, etc., and also abund-
ance of meane fishes, as herings, coddes, haddockes, brettes,
etc., whiche argucth, that the sea as well as the land, maye
bee and is well frequented and inhabited in the coldc
countries.

lint some, perhaps, will marvel there should be such
temperate places in y" regions aboute y" poles when at
under degrees in latitude, our Captaine Frobisher and
his companye were troubled w vth so nianye and so great
mountaines of fleeting ise, with so great stormes of colcle,
with such continuall snow on toppes of mountaines, and
with such barren soyle, there being neither woodde or trees,
but lowc shrubbes, and suche like. To al which objections
may be answered thus : — First, those infinite ilandes of ise
were engendered and congealed in timo of winter, and now
by the gret heate of sommer were thawed, and then bv

<)1- MARTIN MIoniSUKK.

<'M)Cs, floiulcs, wintlcs, and currants, wore driven to and fro,
and troubled the fleete, so that this is an argument to prove
the heat in somnier there to be great, that was able to thaw
so monstrous mountaincs of isc. As for continuall snow on
tops of mountains, it is ther no otherwise than is in the
hottest parte of the middle zone, where also lyctii great
snowe al the sommcr long uppon toppes of mountaines,
bycause there is not sufRcient space for the sunncs reflec-
tion wherby the snowc should be molten. Touching the
tolde stormy windes, and the barrennessc of the country, it
is there, as it is in Cormoall and Dcconshirc iu England,
which parts, thoughe wc know to be fruitful and fertile, yet
on the north side therof al alongst the coast within seaven
or eight mylcs off the sea, there can neither hedge nor tree
grow, althoughc they be diligently by art husbanded and
scene unto ; and the cause therof are the northerne driving
windes, whiche, coming from the sea, are so bitter and sharp,
that they kill al y" yong and tender plants, and suffer scarce
anything to grow, and so is it in y^ ilands of j\Icta Incoynita, mc'ii in-
which are subject most to cast and northerne winds, which '"'"''''i«''
y" last were choked up y^ passage so with ise, that the fleet
could hardly recover their port ; yet, notwithstanding nil
the objections that may be, the countrey is habitvable, for
there Jfi'e men, women, children, and sundric kind of beastes
in great plent^e, as beares, derc, hares, foxes, and dogges :
all kind of flying fowles, as duckes, seamews, wilmots,
partriches, larkcs, crowes, hawkes, and such like, as in the
thirdc booke you shall understand more at large. Then it
appeareth, that not only the middle zone, but also the zones
about the poles are habitable, which thing being well con-
sidered, and familiarly knowen to our generall Captaine fnpfnine
Frobisher, as Avell for that he is thoroughly furnished of the
knowledge of the sphere, and all other skilles apperteyning
to the art of navigation, as also for the confirmation he hath
of the same by many yearcs experience, both by sea and

I HE FlUSI' V()YA(iK

I'l'dblhliei'i
Cuslvcijaye

Captiiilic
Fiiibislier
lireteudeil
lliis disco-
vei-ie iibuvii
XV yciires
agoe.

laud, ami bcinii; persuiuleil ul a now and ncercr passage to
Cataya, tlian by Capo d'buona Spcranza, which the Portu-
galles yeerly use. He began first with hiniscHc to devise,
and then with his friendes to conferre, and hiyde a phiyne
platte unto them, that that voyage was not oncly possible by
the north-weast, but also, as he coulde prove, casie to bee
performed. And further, he determined and resolved wyth
himselfe, to go make full proofe thereof, and to accomplishe,
or bring true certificate of the truth, or else never to rctournc
againe, knowing this to be the onely thing of the worlde
that was left yet undone, whereby a notable mind mighte
be made famous and fortunate. But although his will were
great to performe this notable voyage, whereof hee had con-
ceyved in his mind a great hope, by sundry sure reasons
and secret intelligence, whiche heere, for sundry causes, 1
leave untouched — yet he wanted altogither nieancs and
abilitie to set forward and performe the same. Long tymc
he conferred with his private friendes of these secretes, autl
made also manye offers for the performing of the same in
effect unto sundry merchants of our countrey, above fifteen
ycares before he attempted the same, as by good witnesse
shall well appeare (albeit some evill willers whiche challenge
to themselves the frutes of other mens laboures, have
greately injured him in the reportes of the same, saying that
they have bin the first authors of that action, and that they
have learned him the way, which themselves, as yet, have
never gone). But perceyving that hardly he was hearkened
unto of the merchants, whiche never regarde vertue without*;
sure, certayne, and present gaynes,hce repayred to the courtc
(from whence, as from the fountaine of oure commonwealth,
all good causes have thcyr chiefe encrease and mayntenance),
and there layde open to manye great estates and learned men,
theplot and summe of hysdevise. And amongst manyehonour-
able myndes whyche favoured hys honest and commendable
enterprise, he was specially bounde and beholdyiig to the

OK MAKIIX FKOIilSHKK.

rvghtc honourable Ambioso Dudley, Earle of Warwicke,
whose favourable mynde and good 4" .position, hath alwaycs
bin readye to countenance and advance all honest actions
wyth the authors and executors of the same ; and so by
nicanes of my lordc hys honourable countenance, hec recyvcd
some comforte of hys cause, and by little and little, with no
small expense and payne, brought hys cause to some perfec-
tion, and haddc drawen togither so many adventurers and
suchc summes of money as myghte well defray a reasonable
charge, to furnishe hymselfe tb sea withall.

He prepared two small barkes of twentie and fyve and
twentio tunne a pcecc, wherein hee intended to accomplish
his pretended voyage. Wherefore, becying furnished wytli
the foresayde two barkes and one small pinnesse of tenne
tunne burthen, havyng therein victuals and other nccccs-
saries for twelve monethcs provision, he departed uppon the
sayde voyage from Blackewall the fiftenth of June, Anno
Domini 1570.

One of the larkes wherein he wente, was named the
(jabriell and the other tlie Michael!, and sayling north-
weast from Englandc uppon the firste of July, at length he
hadde sighte of a highe and ragged landc, whiclu; he judged
Freeselande (whereof some authours have made mention),
but durst not approche the same by reason of the greate
store of ise that lay alongst the coast, and the grcatc mistes
that troubled them not a little.

Not larre from thence hee lost companye of his small pin-
nesse, whichc, by mcanes of the greate storme, he supposed
to bee swallowed uppe of the sea, wherein he lost onely
fourr men.

Also the other barke named the Michael! mistrusting the
matter, conveyed themselves privilic away from liim, and
retourned home wyth greate r(^port(> that he was cast awaye.

'Ihe woithu; eaplayne. iiotwitluNlauding tliese discomforted,
.tliliougli liis must was sprung, aiul liis tuppc mast blowcn

l''iiriutMrt>
l'i)r llie first
vojiigo.

(iiibriell uuil
Mi had I.

|>iriiiii8S0
lost,

I'lio

Micliiicll
rotunieil
liuiiic.

7^2

TIIK 1 IKST VOYAGE

JCIiziiliollia
t'orlttiiiie.

Krobislicrs
lirst en-
iraiiou
within the
streigUtes,

Frobisliers

overboorde wytli extreamc foulc weather, continued hys
course towardes the north-weast, knowing that the sea at
length must ncedes have an endyng, and that some lande
shoulde have a beginning tliat way ; and determined, there-
fore, at the least, to bryng true proofe what lande and sea
tlie same myght bee, so farre to the northweastwardes,
beyondc anye man that hathe hccrctofore discovered. And
the twentieth of July hee hadde sighte of a highe lande,
whyche hee called Queene Elizabeth's Forlande, after hyr
Majesties name, and sayling more northerlic alongst the
coast he descried another forlande with a grcate gutte, bay,
or passage, deviding as it were, two maynelands or conti-
nents asunder. There he met with store of exceeding great
ise al this coast along, and coveting still to continue his
course to the northwardes, was alwayes by contrarie winde
dttcyned overthwarte these straytes, and could not get
beyondc. Within few days after he perceyved the ise to be
well consumed and gone, eyther there engulfed in by some
swifte currants or in draftes caried more to the southwardes
of the same straytes, or else conveyed some other way ;
wherefore he determined to make profe of this place to see
how i'ar that gutte had continuance, and whether he mighte
Carrie himselfe through the same into some open sea on the
backc syde, whereof he conceyved no small hope, and so
entred the same the one-and-twentieth of July, and passed
above fyftie leagues therein, as hee reported, having upon
eyther liande a greate mayne or continent ; and that land
uppon hys right hande as hee sayled westward, he judged to
be the continente of Asia, and there to bee devided from the
firmc of America, whiche lyeth uppou the lefte hande over
against the same.

This place he named after his name Frobishcr's Streytes,
lyke as Magcllanus at the south-weast ende of the worlde
having discovered the pasoage to the South Sea (where
America is devided from the continente of that lande whiche

oy MARTIN FROniSTIRR.

iCVC

liclie

lyeth under the south pole), and called the same straites
Magcllancs streightes. After he hadde passed (30 leagues
into this foresaydc strayte hce wcnte ashore, and founde
signe where fire had hin made.

He saw mightic decre y' seemed to be mankind, which
ranne at hiin, and hardly he escaped with his life in a nar-
row way, where he was faine to use defence and policie to
save his life.

In this place he saw and perceyved sundry tokens of the
peoples resorting thither, and being ashore upon the toppe
of a hill, he perceived a number of small things fleeting in
the sea afarre off, whyche hec supposed to be porposes or
scales, or some kinde of strange fishc ; but coming nearer,
he discovered them to be men in small boates made of leather.
And before he could descende downe from the hyll certain
of those people had almost cut off his boate from him, having
stoUen secretly behmde the rocks for that purpose, where he
speedily hasted to his boate and bente himselfe to his holbcrte,
and narrowly escaped the daungcr and saved his bote. After-
wards he had sundry conferences with them, and they came
aborde his ship, and brought him salmon and raw fleshe and
fishe, and greedily devoured the same before our mens faces.
And to shewe their agilitie, they tryed many rnaisterics upon
the ropes of the ship after our mariners fashion, and appeared
to be very strong of thcyr amies and nimble of their bodies.
They exchaunged coates of scale and beares skinncs, and
suche like, with oure men, and received belles, looking-
glasses, and other toycs in recompence thereof againe. After
great curtesie and many meetings, our mariners, contrarie to
theyr captaines dyrcction, began more easily to trust them,
and five of oure men going ashoarc, were by them inter-
cepted with theyr boate, and were never since hearde of to
this daye againe. So that the captaine being destitute of
boate, barke, and al company, had scarcely sufficient number
to conduct back his bark againe. lie couldc nowe neither

nooro.

Tlie ftrste
aiKlil, of the
sulvu}.;o.

Salmoa.

Kivo ling-
liuliiiion
ilitt'iiU'|.teil
unci t:ikuii.

'I UK FinST VOYAOK

convey himsclfe ashore to rescue his nun (if he had bin
!ibh), lor want of a bonte ; and again, the snbtilc traytours
were so wario as they would after that never come within
our mens danger. The capt.iine, notwithstanding, desirous
to bring sonic token from thence of his being there, was
greatly discontented that he had not before apprehended
some of them. And therefore to deceive the deceivers he
wrought a prettie pollicie, for knowing well how they greatly
delighted in our toyes, and specially in belles, he rang a
pretie lowbel, making wise that he would give him the same
that would come and fetch it. And bycause they would not
come within his daunger for feave, he Hung one bell unto
them, which of purpose he threw shirt that it might fal into
the sea and be lost. And to make them more greedie of the
matter he rang a lowder bell, so that in the ende one of them
came neare the ship side to receive the bell, which, when he
thought to take at the captaine's hand he was thereby taken
himself: for the captain being rcdily provided, let the bcl
fal and cought the man fast, and plucked him with maine
force boate and al into his bark out of the sea. Wherupon,
when he founde himself in captivitie, for very choller and
disdain, he bit his tong in twaync within his mouth : not-
withstanding, he died not therof, but lived untill he came in
Englandc, and then he died of colde which he had taken
at sea.

Nowe with this ncwe pray (whiche was a sufliciont wit-
nesse of the captaines farre and tedious travcll towards the
unknowne partes of the worlde, as did well appeare by this
strange Iniidcl, whose like was never seen, rod, nor harde
of before, and whose language was neyther knowne nor
Kioiiisiiers undcrstoodc of anye) the saide Captaine Frobisher retourncd
homeward, and arrived in England in August folowing,
an. 157G, where he was highly commended of all men for
his great and notable attempt, but specially famous for th(
great hope he brought of the passage to Calaya, which he

Tiikiii^; of
llin liist
siiviige.

i-Glurne.

Ol- MARTIN riiOIUSHKH.

(loubtecl nothing at all to find and passe through in those
])arts, as he reportcth.

And it is especially to be remcmbred at the first arrivall
in those partes, there laye so great store of ise all the coastc
along so thickc togither, that liardely his boate coulde passe
unto the shoare. At lengthe, after diverse attempts, he
commaunded his company if by anye possible meanes they
could get ashore, to bring him whatsoever thing they could
first find, whether it were living- or dead, stocke or stone, in
token of Christian possession, which thereby he toke in
bchalfe of the ()uecnes most excellent Majestic, thinking
that thcrby he might justify the having and enjoying of y"
same things that grew in these unknowne partes.

Some of his companye broughte floures, some grecne
grasse, and one broixght a pecce of a blacke stone, much
iyke to a scacole in colourc, whiche by the waight seemed
to be some kinde of mettall or mynerall. This was a thing
of no accompt in the judgement of the captain at the first
sight. And yet for novelty it was kept, in respect of the
place from whence it came.

After his arrival in London, being demanded of sundrie
his fricndcs what thing ho had brought them home of that
country, he had nothing left to present them withall but a
pcece of this black stone. And it fortuned a gentlewoman,
one of y® adventurers wives, to have a pecce thereof, which
by chance she threw and burned in the fire, so long, that
at the length being taken forth and quenched in a little
vinegre, it glistered with a bright Marquesset of golde.
^\ hereupon the matter being called in some question, it was
brought to certain goldfinders in I^ondon to make assay
therof, who indeed found it to hold gold, and that very
ritchly for the quantity. Afterwards, the same goldfinders
promised great matters thereof if there were anye store to be
lound, and offred themselves to adventure for the serchin-'
nf those partes from whence the same was brought. Some,

Till' Uikiii);
pMssi'saioii
of Mclii
llico;;iiil,L.

How I in: ort!
was liiiiiiil
by cliaiici'.

Miiiiy
itilveiiluiL.-.

7()

TIIK FIRST VOYAOK Ol-' MAUTIN FUOIJKSIIKU.

Jn the

second voy-
nuncfimiiiis
Himi WHS
jiiveii only
lor \«
bmitjint}
uf ore.

that had great hope of the matter, sought secretly to have a
lease at hir Majesties hands of those places, whereby to
enjoy the masse of so great a publike profit unto their owne
private gaines.

In conclusion, the hope of the same golde ore to be
founde, kindled a greater opinion in the heanes of many to
advaunce the voyage againe. Whereupon preparation was
made for a newe voyage against the ycare following, and
the captaine more specially directed by commission for the
searching more of this golde ore than for the searching any
further of the passage. And being wel accompanied with
diverse resolute and forward gentlemen, hir Majestic then
jyiu"- at the right honourable the Lord of Warwicks house
in Essex, came to take theyr leaves, and kissing hir high-
nesse hands, with gracious countenance and comfortable
words departed towardes their charge.

lie

be
to

fan

the

iny

itli

len

use

gh-

iblc

STATE PArEllS SUBSEQUENT TO 'I'TIE FIRST

VOYAGE.

It.

iir.

IV.

vr.

vn.

VIII.
IX.
X.

XI.

ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST VOYAGE. ANONYMOUS, BUT

APPARENTLY BY MICHAEIj I,OK.
MICHAEL LOKS ACCOUNT OF HIS CONNECTION WITH CAPTAIN

FUOBISHER.
MR. LOCKES DISCOARS TOUCHING THE EURE.
MR. MARTIN FURllISHERS PETITION TO HER MAJESTIE.
A BRIEFE NOTE OP THE COSTR OF THREE SHIPPS.
A NOTE OF PROVISION AND FURNVTURE FOR THE SAMK.
SHIPPINQE THOWGHT MEET TO BE EMPLOYED.
THE NAMES OP THE VENTURERS.

REPORT ON THE OUTFIT FOR THE SECOND VOYAGE.
ARTICLES OP GRAUNT FROM THE QUEENS MAJESTIE TO THE

COMPANY OF KATHAY.
ARTICLES CONSENTED TO AND FULLY AGREEDE BY TIIK COMPANY

OF KATHAY.

mmmmmimm

H III

STATE TAIM'.RS SUHSI-XiUKNT TO THE ITUST VOYAOR.

[Otho, E., viii, fol. 4G (47) ; Colonial, 27.)

KAST TN'ni-v HY nri'. north wi:sTw[Anj)].

Captayn hath now allready and liatli put that matter owt of fall
<l<"i\vl)t I that he there hath found the same seas | [lassinf; from ) the one into
tlic other. Neither node I [say anythi]ng touchinj? the natural) riches
and infinit t[reas]or and the great trafhk of rich merchandise thjat] is in
those cuntrics of Kathay, 'Jliina, India, and [other] cuntries therahouts,
for that every hokc of histo[ry or] cosmography of those parts of the
world, which a[rc| to bo had in < uery pryntcrs shop, doo declare [the]
same at large : and the cuntrics of Spayn and Portingale doo fynde and
fecle the same to their great ioy. But of the matters that chietly moved
me to cnterjjrise and avancc thi^ new voyage, and to venture my mony
therein so largely : I will say briefly that three things chiefly moved mc
thereto. First : The great ' -ipe to fy[nde] our English seas open into
the seas of East India by tliat way, which I conceved by the great
likelyhood thcrof which 1 found in reading the histories of many mens
travailcs toward that parte of the world, whereby wc might have passage
l>y sea to those rich cuntries for tralfik of merchandize, which was the
thing I chiefly desyred. Secondly : 1 was assured by manifoMc good
proofs of dyvcrs travailers and histories, that the cuntries of Baccaleaw,
Canada, and the new fownd lands thereto adioining, were full of people
and full of such commodities and merchandize, as are in the cuntries
of Lappia, Russia, Moscovia, I'ermia, Pechora, Samoiutza, and tiie
cuntries thereto adioyning, which are I'urres, hydes, wax, tallow, oyle,
and other. Whereby yf yt should happen those new lands to stretch to
the north pole so that we could not have passage bj- sea that way which
wc sought to the northwestward to pas into East India, yet in those same
new lands to the northwestward might be established the like trade of
merchandize, as is now, in the other sayd cuntries of the that

r^n the sea co.asts to the northwestwards [abundajnce of

tish of many kyudes, and of whaj les and other gre]at flsshcs whcrof
the trane oyle is made [and the best] place for fisshing thcrof that
U in any pla[ce in the w|orld whereby would allso grow to tjio

STATK PA I' K US

realm, and [to all the] followers therof great riches and fioncfit. And now,
to spcako of the good inyndc and sufficient | courage J of this rare and vali-
ant Captayn Martyn Fr()liy[shcr], who hath thus jiuthis lyfo in so great
hazard and endured sucii great latiours for the henefit of his cuntry,
as the like is not to be read of in any history, yf his dooings and theirs
he duly consydcrcd and compared. My chxpicncc and wit arc

unsufficicnt duly to declare the same. Neverthelus, according to my
Bmall talent therein, I will briefly show my good will towards liim in
<leclaring the trutho of him and his dooings according to my knowledge
and true information had thereof, referring his due con\mcndation8
therefore unto other whom God shall move in due tymo to doo the same,
according to his great good deserts. lie was borne at of

honest parentage — ^jentlemen of a good house and aiitiijuity, who, in
his youth for lak of good scholcs therabout, sent him to London, being
of the n,gc of yercs, where ho was put to Sir Joim York, knight, now
deceased, being his kinsman ; who, perceiving him to be of great sjiirit
and bould courage, and naturall hardnes of body, sent him in the ship
named to the bote cuntry of Guinea in com|)any of other

ships which were set owt by dyvcrs merchants of London, Anno Domini
in which voyage &c., [f]hus being furnished with ship[8 and all
other things] necessary in as ample manner as th.) [ftinds supplied] would
reach : in the name of Ood he set [sail and depa]rted withall on his voyage
from Ratclyfe the vii day of June, anno domini 157(5, and [Gr]aves-
cnd the xiiday of June aforesayd. And bci[ng a hjwart of Ilarwith the
xiii day with a contrary wynd he put into Harwich, and departed agayn
from thence [on the] xiiii day, and passing along the coast northwards
with skant wyndes was put agayn to Harwich three tym[es], and

arived at Yarmouth Road the xviii^'' day, and set sail from thence the
xixth day, and with fayr weather .ariveil at the Ilo of Shotland the
xxvi day of June, Avbcr[e] they ankered one tyde to refresh their water.
And the same day at night set saylc agayne with a large wynd and fayr
weather on their way northwestward untill tb[cj xxx"' day, wherou
the weather grew to very great storm, which continued untill the viii
day of July, in which tyme they could bearc no manner of sayle. And
in the sayd night they lost the sight of their small pynnes having three
men therein, which they could never syns here of, though they used all
possible diligence and means that the Aveather would suffer to seke and
save the same. And when the storm ceased they set sayle

and passed along on their way agayn, and on the xi''' day of July they
had sight of land vnknown to them, for they could not come to set foto
therou for the marvellous haboundance of monstrous great Hands of ise
which lay dryving all alongst the coast therof. But by couiecture had
owt of histories and cartes of cosmography yt should sccmc to be the
great Ilond of Friseland, which they saw all along by the eastern syde
therof. And bearing in nerer to discover the same, they found yt mar-

SUHSI'.tJUKNT JO TIIK I'lHSl VOYAdK.

veilo\i8 lii>,'h, and full of hi^jh rag^^cd loks all aloii}^ by tlio coast, and
Homo of the ilaiids of isc were iiere yt of such heigth as the clowds
hannod about the tops of them, and the byrds that Hew about them were
f>wt [(if sight] they lost [shi]ii Michael, to their great disconi-
for[tiirc] [u|ntill their return to London for that [comjpany of
that ship ^lichael being to make discovery of ncwc lands nor ecu-

[rage] that he possessed at his departure from [Hcing] now (rather

wdliiigly then by force), separated from their capta>n, and put to

their own shift [and gove]rnment, tokc counsaiie with his mariners and
com[rades] in the ship what they were best to doc. And among [thcni]-
selves concduded (as they say), that having yet a good [ti]me of the yere,
ami iudging themselves to bo not far from [the] new land named Labrador,
they wolde i)r«jcede accor[din]g to their commission, at the least, to see
that land and j)roceeding within iiij dayes, they saw that land, and found
I it] so comi)assed with monstrous high ilaiids of ise lleting [li]y the sea
shore, that they durst not ajiproche with [th]eir ship, nor land theron
with their bote. And , >o] in great discomfort cast about with the ship
the [n]ext day : and set their course bak agayn homward to [L]ondon,
where they arivcd the first day of Septcmlier. And in this mean tyme
the sayd captayn with his ship Gabriel (as is sayd before) being overset
with a sea which they shipped on tho xiij day of July in the rage [of J an
extreme storm which cast the ship Hat on her syde. And being open in
the waystc, fyllud hor with water so as she lay still for sunk : and would
not weare nor stuaro with any help of tlio helm : and could never have
rysen agayn but by the marvellous work of God's great mercy to help
them all. In this distres when all the men in the ship had lost their
courage, and did dispayru of lyfc : the captaync like himsell'c with
valiant courage stooil up and passed alongst the ship's side in tho
chayn wales lying on her flat syde, and caught holde on the weather
leche of the foresaile and in the weather coyling of the ship, the foreyard
brake. And to lighten the ship, they cut over the misn maste. And
the mariners allso would have cut over the uniyn nuiste, which the
capit[ayn] [u]pright agayn being full of w[ater]. And so with the

rolling of the both sydes, tho water yssue<l and withiill [m]any things
lleting over the ships sydes. [An]d so they put the ship before the sea all
[that day] and next night in that storm : wherin allso they their mayn
maste afterward, and mending it ag[ayn]. And tho storm being .cased,
and lieing now owt of [hope] any more to mete with his other ship : yet
sti[ll de]tcrmined alone to follow his enterprise and voyage a[ccor]ding
to commission to the uttermost of his power. A[nd] rather to make a
sacrifice onto God of his lyfc than to return home withowt the dis-
covery of K[athay] except by compulsion of extreme force and necessity.
And so returned to the course of his way toward t[he] Land of Labrador,
according to commission. And by fay[re] and by fowlc on the xxixth
day of July the capitayn himself first had sight of a new land of a mar-

STAII. I'Al'KKS

veiloiiH groat h<;ith ; wliicli l>y tlio accomit of tlio t^ourso and way they
iinlged to lie the liiind of Lalir[iid()r] as in dudo \i\ion j^ood proof after-
ward they iiuluc yt s[till] so to ho. The hed land wherof ho named
Klizahcth Foreland in memory of the Qiiene'n iMaJestie. And drawing
still nere thereto in great eoiiifort, when tiiey approclied nere they fownd
the .sea-shore full of monstrou.s high ilands and niountayns of isc tieting
and driving with the wynde.s a.id tydes and streams so as they durst not
yet approchc with tiieir ship to land theron. Nevertheles remayning
still with ho])e hy some means of .serch to fynde a safe place to enter
with the ship ; and passing still to and fro along tho costo, still in the
sight of land as occasion recjuirod to avoyd dangers : within tho tymc of
xvj dayes theyse lieing well consnmed ami gone : they did land in three
or four j)Iace8 upon Hands, and the muster of the ship did land upon tho
first iland and nat\ed it Halls Hand after his own name, and there
repayrcd his ship of her laks and leaks thoy fo[un]d y[t] l)etwene two
great mayn [wh]ich they named Froliysher's streict, by [reason of

his] name who discovered yt : and many ilands good harboroughs

for ships which they dis[covered as] they passed. And on the xixth Jay
of August [they f]ownd an ilaml which liked them, ami named yt
hy the naem of one of the marinoi ■ which first [cs[)ycil] the same. And
thereon they landed. And the cii i[tayn | and six of his men went to the
top of an high moun[tain] therof to discover about them : and there thcio
cspyed [vijj strange botes with men rowing toward that iland. [Whjer-
upon in great haste they ran down agayn to recover [the )ir own bote which
hardly they recrr jred before the ari[va]ll of those vij botes. But so he
returned to his ship [wi]th his bote to put all in rcadynes for defence yf
iiedc [sh]ould be. And sent abmd his skyf with men, [to] vewo the
men and have spoache with them as they could. They made of friend-
ship to our men for dcsyre to have [th]em on land to take their rest.
And by signes yt was agreed that one of their men came in the skyf
aborde the ship, and in pledge for him one of our men went on land to
them. And this man being in the ship made great wondering at all
things : and tho capitayn gave him to taste of the ship's meat and drink
and wyne : but he made no countenance of liking any. And he gave
him and other tryfles which he likeil well and toke them with

him to land where he was delyvered ami our man received bak agayn.
And hereby tho captayn perceiving these strange people to be of coun-
tenance and conversation proceding of a ni.,ture geven to fyersnes and
rapyue, and he being not yet well prejiared in Lis ship for defence, he
set sayle presently, and departed theus to take more tyme to prepare for
defence to an other iland which they named by name of being

very nere to the mayn land (on the northern syde) which they named on
land. But be[in]g no [vv] [wjynde contrary they passed from [th]e west-
ern land : and there ankcrcd [and] prepared them selves to defend the best
they [could as] nedc should be ; which was no force having so [small a]

SUHSKQUENT I O I H K FlUM VOYAOK.

shij) now armed with so iaynt und weukc men [who had] so great hihours
and disseascs HuHcrcd at the sea [the] captayn only excepted, whoso force
and couragfe never] I'liyUil lor ail liis hihoiirs passed. And on tliis [wesjt-
erii shore the caiiitayn witli of his men went on [sliore) on an ilnnd
mynding to liavc gone to tlio top of an hij;h [iiioiin |t;iyn to discover what
he could of the straiets of tlio sea [and] idiid al>out, and there ho saw far
the two hed hinds at j the] fiirdest end of the straiets iitid no lii<elyliood of
hind to th[e | northwards of tiiem and the great open i)et\vene tli|em] which
hy reason of the great tydes of Hood which they found coinming owt of
the fame, and for many other good reasons they imlged to he tho West
Sea, wlierehy to pas to datiiiiy and to tlic Kast India. And on this syde
the sa[yd | hedhmds tiiey saw many ilands nut far asonder. Aj ndj there
allso tliey found the wails of xij olde houses of the cuntry-Iike cottages
hut no peoj)le in tlieui. Wliich cottages .seemed rather to have hyn
woorlc 'of houses, tli[an] dwelling houses where tlioy perchiince u.scd to
(Ires leather, trane oylo of .some whales, or scales, or other great tisslies,
of whoso hones they saw there great store. And withal) they allso
espycd in a valley right under them iij houses covered with leather of
scales .skyns like tents, and iillso two dogs. And presently to avoyd
danger the ca])tayn with liis men rcpayrcd to the hote at the sea shore
and ttssone as they were entred they espycd a great hoto of that cuntry
with men therin hiird hy them hehynde a rok, who nuidesignes of frcend-
ship (Ky laying their head in their hands) to them : to come on laml and
take their rest. But the captayn would not trust them, but made signes
to theni to como into his ship. And the master of our ship being one in
the bote was his ship before. An[d wc]nt on land to the people

being who received him and led him by the [iiiind into their] houses,
or rather cottages. And they thus [having got tlie] master among them,
some of them made secret [signs to tlie] man for pledge in our bote
that he should es[cape out] of the bote into the water, which signes th[e
cap]itayn perceived. And, therefore, having in bis han[da f layer long
partezau gylt, he held the poynt therof [to] the strange mans bre.st,
threatening by signes to [ki]ll him yf he did ones stir. And thus the
master [w as led into their bouses and there saw their manner of [f|oode
and lyfe, which is very strange and beastly, as hereafter shall be shewed.
And he being returned to the bote [and] entred therein the stranger
kept for pledge was delyvered on land, and jjresently an other of those
strange men went willingly in the capitayns bote iiboord the ship to see
the same : to whom was given many trylles of haberdash, which plea.sed
him well. And he being in the ship thecapitayn had talke with him by
signes in a bargayn which they made that he should be their pylot
through the Streiets into the West Sea : to pas in his little bote rowing
before the ship thither : which he agreed onto, and made signes that in
two dayes rowing he should be there : and for his labour he should have
many trytiing things which there were shewed him, and laydowti'or him.

STATK PAPKRS

Yet yf they had thus passed no trust could have byn geven to such a
pylot then the capitayn had sene good cause. And hcrvpon this strange
pylot was caryed back agayn to land in our ship bote to the end to prc-
]»are himself in his own bote. And bycause tJie capitayn did wisely
forsee that these strange people are not to be trusted for any cause nor
shew of freendship that they would make, and allso did see the foolish
mynde of the mariners that should row the boto with him to be desyrous
at the land to have some traffik with the people for their danger

of los of all of his men to go with them, and he had greater

"jonfidence than them that they should set that strange [pylot

on lanjd at the poynt of a certayn rok of that i[land which he |
assigned them : which was within his own sight and [so he might ha]ve
rescued them yf any force should have byn offfered a gainst them. And
that so done they should furthFwith] return back to the ship. But these
foolish men, be[iiig] five of them in all in the bote, having set on land
th;[s] stranger at the place appointed : the capitayn being fin] the ship
saw them quietly put of their bote, and immedia[tely contrary to his
commandment and charge geveu th[c_,] rowed furdor l)eyond that poynt
of the land owt of hi[s] sight, and there landed iij of them, and the
other twayn reste[d] in the bote a little from the land so as ho saw tliem
agayn, to whom owt of the ship they made signes and noyse as well as
they could to call them to the ship. And immediat[e]ly these two men
with the bote rowed into the land agayn to their fellowes owt of his
sight, and after that hower he never saw them, nor could here anything
of them. And thus the capitayn having lost his bote and five of his
best men, to his great discomfort he still remayned with the ship there
at anker all that day and next night hoping to here of them agayn.
But he could not hero or know anything of them : and thereby ho
iudgcd they were taken and kept by .orce. Wherefore the next morn-
ing, which was the xx day of August, he set sayle with the ship and
pase^d along by thcr houses, as nere as he could, and caused his trum-
pet to sound and shot a pcce of oruonancc over the houses but not to
touche them. But with all this he could see nothing nor here of his
bote or men. And therfere passed from thens to a bay not far of, where
he ankered all that day and next night : and from thens returned bak
agayn the next moini.ig to the same place where he lost his bote, and
there they of the land had sight of his ship. And he hard them of the
land laugh or rather not lightly to make peace agayn [with

them but rathjer depart from thens to other places ther[e to try
and f]ynde some other people of that land to whom [their late doi]ngs were
unknown, and of them to take some pry[soners for] his own men, wiiich
he did for the space of thr[^ee day.s], and fynding none other peoi)le,
he then determined of all his men in the ship (except the master)
to re[tu]rn aaoyn to the .same place where he lost his bote and men.
And being there come to anker vnder that Hand, he perceived that ail

SITWSKQUENT TO THE FIRST VOYAGE.

the men were gone from ther.s and their houses allso, which was to his
greatest discomfort : for [t]hat he remayncd then in dispajre of the
recovery of his bote and men any more. Whereby aliso being thu»
maymed and disarmed ho uttered dispayred how to procedo furder on
his voyage toward Cathay. And most of all other was oppressed with
sorrow that he should return back agayn to his cuntry bringing any
evidcns or token of any place whereby to certify the world where he had
byn. And so remayning in this great perplexity and sorrow more
willing to dy than to lyve in that state : suddenly he espyed a number
of the botes and men of that cuntry comming towards the ship. Wherat
he was revived though he weak state being duly consydercd, he had the
more cause to be aftrayd. But he with courage (more than a man) pre-
sented, armed, and prepared his ship with all things within necessary
for defence ; and allso without he covered the chayn wales and shrowds,
and all other places (whore the enemy might take any hold on ' places'
any ropes to clamber into the ship) with canvas fast nayled to the ships
sydes. So as they could take no hold thereby to enter into the ship
being so low and so nere to the water. And in the waste of the
ship he placed a pecc of ordonance mynding to shote to synk one of
their great botes having xx men therein. And so with the ship
under sayle to have recovered some of them for prisoners, yf otherwise
he could not come by any of them to redeme his own men. And
when their botes being appr[oa]ch[ed] and perceiving the

defens made men i.iustering in the ships waste fearfuUnes

of the men which stood before p°ce of ordonance they parting

from yt pece appered to them : therwith thv;y all themselves

with their botes, and would approche no n[erer] but drew together in
counsaile. And thcrupon we w[ent] to the contrary syde of the ship from
the pece of ordonance, and so stayed far of and oneiy one bote with one
man therin, which was he that first of all came into the ship, apjiroched
very nere to 'to' the ships syde making signes of frcendship that we
should on land and ta[ke] our rest. Wherat the capitayn likewise made
him signes of freendship as though that he would so doo, and thus en-
tertayned him with signes of freendship, and jilaccd him self at the
waste of the ship at the svtle alone having at his fete in secret his
weapons, and caused all his men to withdraw from him, whereby he
might appere to them open as though without any malice. And made
offer of small things to geve him at the ship's syde, but the man a while
stood in susspition and wolde not approche. Wheropon the captain cast
into the sea a shirt and other things that would swym which the streame
caryed from the ship, and he toke them up. And likewise made offer of
a bell in his hand, which he toke of him hard at the ships syde.

Wherwithall one of the mariners mynded wi h a botehoke to have
taken holde of his bote, which the man espyed and so suddenly put of
his bote far from the ship, and in a long tyme would no more ipproche,

STATE TAPERS

which was no small grief to tlie capitayn and the rest. Yet at the last
with the fayr offers and entisements with gifts of the capitayn he ap-
proached agayn with his bote to the shijis syde, Imt stood upon garde with
hisoreinonehand next to the ship ready to put of his bote agayn suddenly
yf nede should have l)ynthrougli any cause of suspition that he might have
perceived. And in this order of dealing in the preseiice of the rest of
all his conifiany Ik; toke on hell more at the cap[tayn's hands]
self whereby the ship into the [r]oHt of our men. But the capi[tayn]
mischief as might happen otfred him freendly countenance

and made a short urnie [and let the j hell fall into the sea to move the
man the to approche more nere within him. Whereat the [man

seemedj to he greatly sory for the los thereof and therevpon sudde[nly'
the] capitayn called for an other hell which allso he [rea]ched to him
with a short arme, and in that reache [he] caught holde on the man's
hand, and with his other haiul [he] caught holde on his wrest ; and .sud-
denly by mayn force of strength plucked l)oth the man and his light
bote owt of the sea into the ship in a tryse and so kept him withowt
any shew of enmity, and made signes to him presently that yf he would
l)iing his V men he should go agaiiie at liberty, but he would not seem
to vnderstand his meaning, and therefore he was still kept in the ship
with sure garde. This was done in the presence of all the rest of his
fellows being within an arrow shote of the ship, whereat they were all
marvellously an)ased and thereopon presently cast them selves into
counsell and so departed in great haste toward the land with great hal-
lowing or howling showts after their manner ; like the howling of
wolves or other beasts in the woods. And the capitayn with his ship
remayned still there all that day, and ankered iij leges from thens all
the night and the next day but could here no newes of his men nor bote
nor could perceive by the prysoner that wold come agayn. Whereupon
having this strange num prisoner in his ship he toke counsaile with the
master and other in the ship what were best to be done. And they all
'air agreed that consydering their evell and weak state by the los of
their bote and five of their best meii, and the weaknes and little
hability of the rest of the men that wen; left in the ship, l>eing but xiij
men and lioyes so tyred and sik with laboure of their hard voyage,
passed as they were neither habjo well to precede in any long voyage
toward the tyme of winter nor yet of retu'-n home already passed
than to pro[ceedJ any further with so great danger of the vtt[er loss of
the] enterprise for ever after if they should way. And therefore on the
xxv day of Aug[ust they set] sayle with their ship keping their course
ha[ck to]waril England, and in theirway they had sight of the Hand Frise-
land, which they discovered round about but did not land thereon through
the difti[culty] of the monstrous great yse which lay lleeting still by [the]
land. And after they departed from tlieiis thf^y endu[red] coiitynually
extreme storms of weather but the w[ynde] still in their favour home-

SUHSKUUKM 10 THK flKsT VOVAOK.

wanls. So as by the xxvth <lit[y] of Scptciiiher they were on the coast of
t^cotlaml in sight of the lies of Orlviicy, ami passed from tlietissoas they
ary>ed at Harwich on the ij day of October in safety where they taryed
to refresh their sick and weako men, and so came to London witli their
ship Gabriel the ixth <iay of October and there were ioyfully received with
the great adiiiiration of the pco{)le, bringing with them their strange
man and his bote, which was such a wonder onto the whole city and to
the rest of the realm that heard of yt as seemed never to have happened
the like great matter to any man's knowledge. Wherefore I being not
hable to geve to this capitayn his due commendation for this great and
strange attempt so well accomplished I leave the dooiug thereof to
other which are better hable to enter therinto, that his good renown
may lyve for ever according to the woorthines of his well dooings in
this matter so greatly appertayning to the benefit of this whole realme
of England which he is determined still to follow with the travaile of
his body and spending of his lyfe ontill ho have brought the same to
such perfection as is desyrcd.

And because that I have heard report of inany strange tales and
fayned fables touching the personage and manners of this strange man,
1 have thought good therefore to declare the very truthe thereof to
satisfy the world and alLso to expres his picture as well as may be done
with ink and paper. lie was a very good shape and

strongly pight made his head, his nek, his brest a very

brode face and very fat and fu[ll | his body. But his logs shorter and
smaller [than the projportion of his body required, and his hands
h]is heare cole blak and long hanging and 'tyer' tyed [in a knot] above
his forehead. His eyes little and a little [cole] blak beard. His cuUor
of skyn all over his bo[tly and fa]ce of a dark sallow, much like to the
tawny Morc.^, [or ra]thcr to the Tartar nation, whereof I think he was.
[Ili.s] countenance sullen or churlish and sharp withall.

Colonial -27. Otlio I'l viii, fol. 41 (42.)

PASSED ANNO 1577.

[The] gracious favor of Allmighty God hath byn [alwaies my Pro]-
tector these xlv yeres in manner following [and I trust the] same will
still protect me allso the rest of my [life to] his glory, to others benefit,
and to the cum[fort of | mo and myne.

My late father Sir William Lok, knight, alderman of [Iion]don, kept
me at seholes of grammer in England [un]ti]l I was xiij yeres olde,
which was a.d. 1545, [and] he being sworn servant to King Henry
VllJth [as] his mercer ; and allso his agent beyond the seas [in] dyvers
aftayres, he then sent me over seas to F'lan[d]ers iind France to learn
those languages and to know the world. Synce which tyme I have con-
tynned these xxxij yeres in travaile of body and study of mynde, fol-

STATK PAPERS

lowing my vocation in the trade of merchandise, whcreoft I have spent
the first XV yercs in contynuall [tjravaile of body, passing through
almost all the ciin[t]ries of Christianity, namely owt of England [i]iito
Scotland, Ireland, Flanders, Germany, France, Spaync, Italy, and
Grece, both by land and l)y sea, not without great labours, cares, dan-
gers and expenses of mony incident ; having had the charge (as capi-
tayn) of a great ship of burden 1000 tuns by the space of more then iij
yeres in dyvers voyages in the Levant Seas wherewithal! I returned into
England. In which travailes i)esides the knowlege of all those famous
' common ' languages of those cuntries I sought also for the knowledge
of the state of all their commonwealths chiefly in all matters apperteining
to the traflique of merchants. And the rest of my tyme I have spent in
England under the bappy raigne of the Queues Majestic now being.
Where 'ly a certayn forcible inclination of mynde I have byn drawn
contynually as my vocation and care for my family wolde. Cos-

uio[graphy] arts appertening as in voiages I could get for my

mony. And [also] acquyring by dyvers conferences with many [foreign]
nations, travailers and merchants fa[railiar knowledge] of the state of the
whole worlde as might [appcrt]ayu to the benefit of myn aturall cuntry
w[ith the) maintenance of myselfe and my family by the tr[ade in] mer-
chandise according to ray vocation. And as [lloratius]' sayth : Impigerex-
tremos currit mercator ad Indos : Pauperiemfugiens per saxa, per mare, per
igncs. The diligent merchant runneth to the furdcst Indians flying poverty
by roks, by seas, by fyers ; as by m[a]nifold notes thereof in writing and
remaining still by m[c], which being put together wolde not be con-
teined in an[y] hundred shetcs of paper that I have made for my own
pry vate satisfaction yt may appere. Whereby I am perswaded of great
matters. And of late by God's good providence renuyng myne old

acquayntancc with ]\Iartyn Frobisher gentleman ; and fynding him
suflicicnt and ready to execute the atterap[t] of so great matters, I
ioyned with him, and to my power advanced him to the world with
credit and above myne own power for my parte furnisshed him with
things necessary for his fust voyage lately made to the northwestward
for the discovery of Cathay and other new cuntries, to thintent the
whole world might be opened unto England which hitherto hath byn
hyddon from yt by the slowthfulnes of some and policy of other. In
the which voyage allready made by that way are discovered such new
lands as the world now doth talk of which very shortly by God's grace
the world shall playnly see to yelde to the Queues Majestic great honor,
and to the whole realm infinit treasor and benefit, which God graunt
and make us thankfull.

And bycause that of late dayes syns the return home of Martyn
Frobisher, dyvers men speake dy versly of his dooings.

' Kpis, I, i, -ir). Should he —

l*er mure pauperiem fugiens, (ler bnxa, per ignes.

SUHSEQTIKNT TO THK FIRST VOYAOK.

MONETII OV

ANNO 1574.

[\Iart]yn Frobishcr brought a letter under the [c]ertayn of the
Queues Mfijesties most honora[hle Privy] Cownsailc directed to the
Cuuipany of Mosco[via] conteining this effect : That, forasiuuch as [tlie
discovjery of the cuntry of Cathay by sea wold be t[o Enjglaud, a
matter of great commodity, and they being a [cumjpany privelcgcd and
encorporated for the discovery of [n]ewe trades. Against whose privelege
they would not [atjtempt any matter without their licence. Therefore
[I exjhorted and perswaded them to attempt that matter now [o]nce
agayn, themselves, after xx yeres allready past, syns their first enterprise
thereof. Or els, to grant their licence to others which are desyrous
now to 'attept' at[t]empt the same. Uppon the recept of which letter
the said Cumpany assembled themselves at their Court, to consyder the
same: And thereunto made answer by their letter, requiring to have
conference with the parties that were desyrous to attempt that matter
that thereby they might determyn what were mete to be done
therein. Wherupon the sayd Martyn Frobisher agayn repayrcd to
the .sayd Cumpany with order for himselfe and others not then named
to have conference with them ; and thcruppon the Cumpany appointed
certayn of them selves, namely, Mr. George Barn, now Shrief of
London, William Jowerson and Steven Borough, mariner; and me, as
their agent, having the charge of all their busyncs to understand the
grouii )f this ca.sc. And in the conference of the matter, we perceiving
the purpose to be to the northwestward, and no good evidence shewed
by the parties for the proof of the matter : upon one relation thcrof
made to they Company, they suspected some other matter to be meant
by the parties. And forasmuch as they themselves with their very
great charges allready had discovered more than half the way to Cathay
by the northeastward, and purposed to doo the rest so sone as they
might have good ad[vice] [a]ny good [grjeatly hurtful to them

to to any others. And therefore appo[inted] lleyward their

Governour, and man and me to certify the right honora^^ble LordJ

[Bur]ghlcy, Lord High Treasorer of England of [the sjtate of the matter ;
which they did in the p[resence of] ALirtyn Frobisher aforesayd. Yet
neverth[eles8] very shortly afterward by the sute of the say^d] Martyn
Frobyslur, an other letter was brought [to the] Cumpany, re([uiring
them either to attempt the matt[er] them selves or to grant licence to
other to doo yt by the northwestwards, wherupon for dyvers consydera-
tions then moving the Cumpany they did grant licence and privilege
therof to me and i\Iartyn Frobisher and such other as would be ven-
turers with us in the sa[me] as appereth l)y the writings under their
common sea[l], dated in the moneth of February, Anno Domini 1574.
Wherupon presently we made such preparation for ship[s], and all

5)0

SI A IK J'APKKS

other necessaries as we could. But for lak of sufiici' iit moiiy thereto
in due tyuie the enterprise was stayed that yere. Nevertheles, by the
good assistance of the mony and favour of dy vers [lersons of honour and
worship, and others hereunder named the matter toke such efl'ect the
yerc following that we furnished two small barks of xxv tuns the pece :
the one named the Gal)riell, wherof was jMaster Christofer Hall of Lyme-
hous, mariner. And the other named the Michael! wherof was Master
Owen Gryffyn of , mariner. And a small pinnes of x tun with

a close dek to sayle with them. And with them passed the sayd Martyn
Frobisher for capitayn and pylot ; and with them in all 34 persons,
whose names be hereunder : who departed together from Gravescnd, on
their voyage, the xijth day of June, Anno Domini 1576. And, allthough
the world in all the yere, and other tyme before hering taike of this
purposed enteriirise, did not beleve that yt wolde take any good eifect ;
but rather the most of the others which were of [wi sdom

and dignity in the common the enter[)rise and assist the same as
tyme. Wherin I will now speake p[recisely and s]ay the truthe that every
mans good dede [may have] his iust commendation. The learned man,
Mr. John Dee, hering the common [report] of this new enterprise and
understanding of the prepa[rations] for furniture of the ships being
thereby perswa[ded] that it would now precede, and having not byu ac-
quain[ted] with our ' new enterprise', purpose in any parte before,
[abojut the xxth day of May, Anno 1576, of his own good na[tu]re
favoring this enterprise in respect of the service and commodity of his
naturall cuntry came unto me, desy[r]ing to know of me the reasons
'and' of my foundation and purpose in this enterprise, and offering his
furderance thereof with such instructions and advise, as by his learning
he could geve therin. AVherupon I couceved a great good opinion of
him : and therelore apointed a tyme of meeting in my house, wherat
were present Martyn Frobysher, Steven Burrough, Christofer Hall, with
other. Where freely and playnly I layd open to him at large my whole
purpose in the traffike of merchandise by those new partes of the world
for the benefit of the realm by many nieanes as well in the cuntries of
East India, yf the sea this way be open as allso otherwise, though that
tills ' ne' new laud should chance to bar us from the sea of India. And
allso declared such coniectures and probabilities as 1 had conceved of a
passage by sea into the same sea of East India by that way of the north-
west from England. And for the proof of these two matters I layd be-
fore him my bokes and authors, my cardes and instruments, and my
notes therof made in writing, as I hid made them of many yeres study
before. Which matters, when he had thus hard and sone, he answered
that he was right glad to know of me thus much of this matter, and
that he was greatly satisfyed in his desyre about his ex[)ectation, and
that I was so well grounded in this [purjpose he sh[e]wed me all[so]
bis own. And allso shewed me I did very well like. And afterw[ard.s]

SL'HSKQUKNT Tt) TIIK FlKSf VOYAfJK

1)1

[the while] the ships rcinivyneil here, he tokc pay[ns to learn thej rules
of geometry ami cosmoi^raphy for [the iiiformat]ion of the masters and
mariners in the use of [the in]struraents for navigation in their voyage
and fo[r cusjiialltics happening at sea which did them service \vherul)y
he deserveth iust commendation. AUso [Sir] Ilumfrey Gilhert, knight,
hath byn of many yeres (as I am enformed) a great ;;ood .viller to this
like cnterpr[ise]. And syns I came ac<maintcd with him which was
al)o[nt] Easter last, Anno Domini Ifj?;"), I have hard him make dyvers
good discourses in the favour therof, and allso his go[od] will and study
therein doth well appere in the boke which he made and put in prynt
in the monthe of May, Anno 157, for the mayntenanco of the good hope
and likelyhood in this enterprise of new discovery. Wherel>y men may
see many good causes to move them to like well thereof. Allthough to
say the very truthe without geving any ofience : neither that boke
comming out so late nor yet his former discourses, being none others
than were wel[l] known to us long before, were any manner of causes
o[r] instructions to the chief enterprises of this new voyage of discovery
to attempt the same or to direct us thorin. And William Burrough,
allthough he was not so well perswadcd of this enterprise, that he
would venter his money therein : yet, in respect of the service of his
cuntry, he did take paynes to procure a master and many mariners for
the ships. And gave his good advise in the furniture of the ships : and
did consent unto the opinion and myndc of the capitayn in the dirccticm
of the ships course in the voyage which was to very good purpose.
And besides these men, I know none other worthy of name for any
thing done by them to the help of this enterprise, but onely the ven-
turers which did help the same.

[Otho, E., viii, fol. 45. b. (47) ; Colonial, 3r».]

1 crave pardon with the reading of this writj ing] xiij day

of October last, IMr. Fro[bysher gave me a] stone aboord his ship : Saying,
that acco[rding to his promijsc he did geve mc the fyrst thinge that he
founde [in the new 1 jand, which he gave me openly in the presence of
two [other] men, whome I know not. But Rowland York and many
[others] were then in the ship; and they for the strangers the[rof brake
off a] pece which they carycd away with thcni. Within the space of one
month after, I gave a small pece to [Mr.] Williams, saymaster of the
Towr, not telling what nor whrence]. He made proof and auuswured
that it was but a marquesite sj^tone]. And thenippon, I gave an other
small pece to one Wheier g[old| fyncr hy Mr. Williams order. He
aunswcred allso tha[t] he made proof and founde it but a nianpiesite
stone. And allso an other small pece to George Xedam : ho aunswered
allso that he made proof and colde fynde no mettall therin.

"^mmmmmfm

STATli PAPKKS

Ilcrewitliall I stayed, making small account of the stone, and at more
leysurc musing more thereon. In the begynning of January I delivered
a small poce thereof to John IJaptista Agnello, not telling what nor
from whence. But prayed him to prove what mettall was therein. And
within three dayes I came to hym for aunswer. He shewed me a very
little powder of goM : Saying, it came therowt, and willed me to give
him an other pece to make a better proof. I did so, and within three
dayes agayne, he shewed me more powder of goldc. I tolde hym I
wold not beleve it, without better proof. He asked an other pece to
make a better proof: Saying, that he wold make anatomy thereof, I
gave it him : Saying, that I marvcyled much of his doings, sith I had
given peces to other iij to make proof who could fynde no such thinge
therin : he aunswered me, ' Bisogna sapere adulare la natura', and so I
departed.

The xviij day of January ho sent me by his maydo this little scrap of
paper written, No. 1, hereinclosed ; and thereinclosed the grayne of
gold, which afterward I delivered to your majesty, &c., 1677.

[^Colonial, 34. Domestic Eliz., cxii. No. ^.^.J

MR. LOCKES DISCOOKS TOUCHING THE EWRE, 1577.

To the Quenes Moste Excellent Ma''e,

Mostc humbly I crave pardon, in troublinge yo' ma"* w* the read-
ynge of this wrytynge.

In the xiij day of Octobar laste, Mr. Furbosher gave me a stone,
abord his shyp, sayenge, that accordynge to his promes:e, he dyd gyve
me the fyrst thynge that he found in the newland, w'' he gave me
openly in presens of 2 yonge gentlemen whome I knowe not; but Row-
land York was then in the shyp, and they for the strauugenes therof
brake of a pece w'' they caried awaye w^'' them.

Within the space of one monthe after, I gave a small pece thereof to
jMr. Williams, saymastor of the Towar, not telly nge what nor whens.
He made profFe, and answered that it was but a markesyte stone. And
another small pece to one Whelar, goklfyuer, by j\Ir. Williams order.
He answered also that he made i)roffe and found it but a markesyte
stone, and another small pece to George Nedam ; he answered also,
that he made prooffe and could fynd no mettal therin.

Ilerewithall I stayed, makynge small account of the stone.

And at more leysure musynge more thcron, in the begynnynge of
Januarie, I dclyvred a small pece thereof to John Baptista Agnello, not
tellynge what nor from whens, but prayed hym to prove what mettall
was therin ; and within iij dayes I came to hym for answere. He shewed
mc a very litle powder of gold, sayenge it came therout, and wylied me
to gyve hym a better pece to make a better proofl'c. I dyd so, and

SUHSKQUKN'I I O I'HK FIRS'l VOYAOK.

!KJ

within iij tlayca agayne he shcweil ino more powdar of gold. I tuM iiym
I would not l)clcve yt without better proofic. lie a.skod another pece to
make a better prooffo, sayengo that he would raako anatoinio therof. I
gave it hyni, sayengc that I niarvayled nioche of hys doynges, sytlic I
had gyven peces to other iij to make prooffo, who eouid fyud no huche
thinge therin. He answered me, ' Bisogna sapcre adulare la natura'.
And so I departed.

The xviij day of Januarie he sent me by his mayde this lytic scrap of
[laper hereinclosed, wryttcn. No. 1, and theriucloscd the grayuc of gold
W'' afterwardes I delyvred to yC Ma''«.

And hcrevppon I had large conferens dyvers tymes w''' hym
parsawdyngc, exhortinge, and conjuringe hym by many causes of great
importaunce betwene us, to tell me the trewthe hereof. lie satisfyed me
by all dewtyfuU meanes of honesty and of Christianitie that it was trew.
Whervppon he entred into many discourses w*'' me, yf we might have
sum quantyte therof, for our owne use, and ernestly exhorted me to
secreatnes, and greatly pressed me to knowe where it was had I desyred
respyte of a few dayes, to consyder what were best to be done in the
matter.

The xxiiij day of Januarie, havynge resolved my sellfe of my dewtye
towardes yo'' Ma''" I dyd retorne to John Baptista, to avojde suspicion
of doble dcalyng w"' hym, at w«l' tyme he entred agayne w''' me, to have
sum (iuantyte therof for our owne accountt. Then I delt w''' hym sura-
what playne, and told hym, that it would be a hard matter for us to
have ytt, for that in trewthe it was had in the new land discovred by Mr.
Furboisher, wherof there is priviledge graunted to a companye. Whcrto
he answered, that sum devyse might be made to lade it as stones, for
ballast of the shyp. Whervppon agayne I toke furder tyme to con.syder
what might be done therin. And at my departynge he exhorted to
secreatnes, and specially to concealle his knowledge hereof.

The next day Mr. Furboisher at my table at dynner, was very dcsyrous
to know what was found in the stone he ga''e me. I answered, that I
had gyven prooffes to iij or iiij, and they found nothinge in ytt, savynge
one man found tynnc and a litle sylvcr therin, w"^'' was worthy of the
fetchynge awaye, wherat he was very glad.

The xxviij day, I delyvred to yo"" Ma*^'" in wrytynge, the very trewe
information of all that I had knowen herein. And the same dayc ]\Ir.
Secretary Walsyngham, in yo"" Ma"'"'' name sayd unto me, that in my
wrytynge I dyd promes a thinge w'' I had not delyvred. I answered
the very trewthe of my meanynge, that bycaus the bulke therof was
surawhat great, I dyd reserve it to a second speche w^'' yo' Mat''', at
which tyme I dyd purpose to have declared more of this matter, and
jiror-ently I dyd delyver it to hym. And he said yo'' Ma''" had told
hyui thefTect of my wrytynge, and therforc he wylled me to tell hym the
circumstance of this matter. I told hym presently theffect of all this

SI. Ml-; I'AI'IUS

liercbeforo wrytten, and that John Baptitita was the man, but that ho
would not 1)0 iicknowcu to l>o tlic man. Ncvcrthelosso I sayd he might
know the matter of hvm by others tlicn by me. Whervppon he answered
me, that he dyd tliynk it to be but an alchaniist matter, sucli as dyvers
othorH before had byn brou<.;lit to yo' Ma''" l>y others without trewctho.
And in my [ireseiis he brake the .stime into iij or iiij pect-s, wli''' he .sayd
he would delyver to dyvers men to make prooU'es. And so he lyceused
me to depart to London that night.

The xxxi day of Januarie, John Daptista sent for mo agaync, as shall
appcre by his second wrytynge lereiiiciosod, at w'' tymc he devysod
that a ship might go seereatly out of sum plaeo, and bryngo the thyiigo
to another place farre from London. But I answered that was not pos-
sible, for that none knowe the jtlaee but C. Furbisher and the ship
master, who would not bo corrupted. Then he thought to revele it to
the captaync. I said I thought he would revealc it to yo' Ma''"', but I
devysed w''' hym, that I would send a ship to the place in company of
the captayne under culler of fysshynge. and when the captayne were
gone throughe to Kathai, the ship should lade this thinge for liaUast,
and retoriie hethcr. lie allowed well of this devyse, and so I departed
for that tyme.

The i day of Fobruarie. I retorned to Mr. Secretarie, who suyd to mo
that he had gyven peccs of this ure to certayno very excellent men, and
that sum found nothinge therein, but one found a litle sylver, and that
Jlr. Dyar had made prooff'e thcrof, and found the lyke, and that l.yra
sellfe had scene the proflc made, wherl)y he was parswaded to be so, and
tliat BiH)tista dyd but play the alchemist w"' me. I answertd that
yesterday I had spoken agayne w^'' Baptista, and that he dotho styll
confyrme to me his former sayenges, and wyll justefie the same, but Mr.
Secretarie would not belcve me. Wheruppon 1 prayed hyui to eon.syder
better of the matter, for that 1 was well assured that it was trew,
wherujipon he lycensed me to retorne to London.

The iiij day of Februarie, I went agayne to John Baptista, as
well to intertaync hym w''' sum matter to avoide susi)iciou of doble
delynge untill I might have answerc of .Mr. Secretarie of yo' Mati'^s
plcsure herein, as also to urge more matter wherby more tryall of the
trewthe might be had. And I moved hym to know how he would dealc
w"' me, yf I should fynde meani's to send a shyp for this ure. After
longe discoursynge he resolved, that he had a frynde that would furnishe
a ship at his charges, and that yf I wo'.ild gyve hym a man to shew hym
the place where he might have 100 tons hereof, he would gyve me £-2{)
of money for every ton, within iij monthes after the aiivall therof here,
and would put me in good assurans for the parformans therof, and at
the arivall in Loudon he woulde tcache me the art, yf he should chaunse
to dye. 1 told hym 1 would take tyme to consider whether he should
send a ship, or I send a shyp.

SUHSKUUhNT l<) iUK FlKS'l \()Y.\OK.

i)')

Tlic vi ilay of Fcliruario, I rotonie.l to Mr. Sccrctario, nm] pave hyiii
in wntynge, tliis ofJcr inailo to inc l)y Haptic-.a. lie answered, it was
but devyscs of alelmnusts, for that Haptista was but poore, ami notable
to put Buretyes, nevertbeloss he sayil ho would consyder of the matter.
And so I ret'trneil to London.

The xiij day 1 went to Haptista, and put of tymo, hopinge for better
answerc of jMr. Seeretarie. I said to Haptista that I was informed by a
frynd learned in tiie lawe^, that we have a lawo termed tresor trouvcc,
wherby it is not lawfull for any subjeet to dealle in sucho a matter as
this, without lyecns of the pryuce, and therefore (ineanynpc to dryvc
hym to dyseover the matter to yc Ma'"*, wherby you mi!;ht bo certiffied
of the trewthe) I sayd ther must be sum meanes found, to have a
lycence of yo'' Ma''" for a .sliip to passe thether, or ells there is daunpier
bothe of yo'' Ma'''" dyspleasure, and also of the coinpanye who are
jirivileged therin, wherin 1 sayd 1 wonlde travaylle, yf he could not.
He answered, he had a frynd in the courto by whoso meanes he would
move yo' Ma"" therof.

The xvj day I went agayno to Mr. Sccrctario for answcre. He sayd
the matter had no good fouudacion, cxcepte good suretycs might be put
for parformance, also that he had agayne caused others to make prooffe,
and that there was no suche thinge found therin. I said that I diil
marvaile moehe thcrat ; for that Maptista dothe styll justifie the matter,
and for proofle tiicrof. I would become bound to her Ma''" for the same.
He said he would not wishc mo to venture so farre uppon the worde
of an alehamist. And so the matter rested untyll answere might be
had from yc Ma"".

The xxvij day I had a letter from Haptista, w"'' is the thinl writinge
hereinclosed, wherby yo'' Ma''" nuiy |)arceave, what answere ho receved
uppon his sutc to have lycens for a ship to passe thether. Wheriippon
he would have proceded w''' me, that I should .send a ship thether in
secreat, accordinge to our first talke. Nevertheless. I parswaded hym
that he should wryte a lettar to yC Ma"", wherby to gyve you know-
ledge of his meanynge in sendynge a ship thether, and to dy.sclosc part
of the matter to yC Ma''"'. Wherin my meanynge was, that uppon this
occasion I thought yo"" Ma''" would have appointed sum to hvae had
full coufercns w''' hym, to have serched the trewthe of this great matter
to your satisfaction.

The vi day of Marche, I went agayne to Baptista, to know what
answere he had from yo' Ma"* to his lettar. He said the answere was
dilatoric, so us he had no more courage in that sutc. W'heruiipon 1
said to hym, that I had a frynd in the court, by whose meanes I would
attempt to have a lycens to send a shyp, for that without that lycens I
durst not deale therin. He bad me prove.

The vii day of .Marche, 1 went agayne to Mr. Seeretarie. and told hym
theffect that I had passed with Haptista. and he said that yf Haptista

STATK PAPKKS

would put good HUrctyos for the parforinanH of payment, ho would war-
rant ino to have lycouHo for a Hhyp of 100 tons to fetch this ure. Whcr-
uppon I retornud to Bai)tista as in myno ownc niuno to know wliat
HNHurans I should have. lie said I should have very good asMunins to
my contcntomcnt ; hut named no man, which I rcjjorted agayno unto
Mr. Socrctaric, and offred my owno. hond, and the ure to bo delyvred
into yo' Ma^'*" custodyo at the arivall.

In this mean tyme entringe more duopoly into the matter, and con-
syderyngo that the weightynes therof would ho myno utter undoynge yf
the matter were not good, I went agayne unto Baptista, and more
cfleotually dyd enter into talk of the manor of the contract to delyvcr
hym c. tons of this ure. Wheruppon ho ofFrcd me to pay xxx li. a ton,
being delyvred here at my charges, and the best assurans that I could
then gett was to have the ure in myne owno custodye, and for the rest I
must credit his honestie. That the ure was of sufficient valew to make
mo ryche, I was so well perswaded of his honestie, that I was fully
resolved to put the whole matter in hasard, theruppon raakynge this
account w"' my selfc that the charges of the ship and the men to dyg
the ure would cost me x li. the ton, and I would gyve to y iMa"" i'or
the lycens x li. the ton, and the other x li. the ton should he to reliefc
me and my children, yf that yo' Ma''^' would not deale w"' this matter
for yoursellfe.

The xi day, I came agayne to Mr. Secretarie, and gave hym my re-
quest in wrytingc. That yf it were so that y"" Ma"e could not be satis-
fied of the trewthe ^^f this matter, an.l were not rayndcd to deale therein
for yoursellfe, that for the trial! of the niattcr 1 would venture on it at
my charges. Yf it would plese y i\Ia''a to gyve me lycens to bryng
hether iij c tons of this vre at my costes and charges, I would pay
y Ma^'f^iijm li. of money within one yere after the arrivall, and for
assurans would gyve my bond, and the ure into y JMa^''"' custodie. He
said this demand was to great. 1 remytted it to his owno moderation.
lie promysed he would move yo' Ma"", and said I .should have lycens
for a reasonable quantyte, which I dyd beleve verely to obtayne, con-
syderynge tlie manyfold refusal! had more tlien x tymes ; and the great
dyscredite of my playuc report made of the trewthe of the matter from
tyme to tyme, accordinge to my dewtye, and the reportes he had of
others to whome he had put the ure to profFe, who found no gold.

The xvi day of Maiche I came agayne to Mr. Secretarie for answere.
He said he had no leysure as yet to move yof Ma''« thereof, but he
would doo. He asked of me yf M. Furbisher knew of this matter, I
said no, nor none other parson by me, but ouely yo»' Ma"^', and he and
liaptista, which is the very trewthe.

In this meane tyme I was dayly urged by Baptista to fynishe the
contract betwene us as yC Ma''*' may parceave by his iij billcs, No. 4,
5, (), hercinclosed. Whereuppon, at the xix day of Marche I fynished

SUHSF.QUKNT TO I II I. IMKSV VOYAOK.

!)T

y re-
Hiitis-
erein
it at
)vyng

I'i-y

I tor
He
ration,
ycens
con-
great
from
vdd of

iswere.
jut he
ttcr

ami

Ihc the

Ino. 4,

Ini

^hed

ami Ruhscribcil the same, as yo' Ma"'' may parceavo l)y tlio Hamo contraot
heniiiciosoil, lio|)yngo that cythcr l>y yor Ma" ■* lyccns, I (ihoulil lie alilc
to parformo the same, or ells that by yo"" Ma"''» favour I hHouM 1)0
<lyschar;^cil thcrof againste the said Haptista, ."vthc I <lyil it oncly for
the lictter tryiill of the trewtho of this great matter, anil ilyd declare
thetTeet of all my doynscs therin dayly vnto Mr. Secretary. And when
I camo to the housso of llaptista to 8ul>scril)0 the same contract, 1 found
thereat suhscrihed the i\amo of Sir John liarklcy as suretyo for Haptista
to parforme the covenantts ; a thyngo very straungc unto me, for that I
never in all my lytl'o had spoken w^'' Sir John Barkley, ncythcr before
nor after.

The XX day, I came apjayne to Mr. Secretarlo, to know yo"" Ma''""
ple.suro. He said he had movctl yo' Ma"" in the matter, hut had no
answore. Ho asked agayno yf M. Kurbysher knew of the matter, I .said
no. lie wyllctl me to iinparte it to hym. I said I would, and so 1 dyd.
He prayeil mo to get hym another pece of the vre. I said I would.

The xxii day, I came to Mr. Secretarie, and brought hym another
peco of the vrc. Ho wylled mo in his name to carrye it to one Gef-
frey, a Frenchman, and to tell hym that it c.iinc out of Ireland, and
to wyl hym to make a proft'c therof, and he to bringc reporte to hym.
I dyd accordingly delyucr it w''> the message, and synce that howar I
never saw the same Jeffrey, nor never bedbre, but Mr. Secretary
hathc told me that he found nothinge therin, but a little sylver, as I
remember.

The xxviij day Marche, I was w"' others at howsso of Sir William
Wyntur in commyssyon by letters from yof Ma"*"" Honourable Privyc
Oouncell had by my procurement to consyder vppon all matters recjui-
site for the furnyturc and dyspacho of M. Furbisher for Kathai, w''
liusynes bcingo done for that daye, Sir William Wyntar wylled me to
come to hym the next mornynge to talk w"' hym in a matter of import-
imncc. I came. He cntred w"' me in .secret, prayenge me to tell hym
what I had found of the state of tho vre brought home by M. Furbisher.
I refused that coni'ercns, sayenge I knew not the matter, nor dyd vnder-
stand his meauynge. He said he knew the matter as well as I, and that
lie desyred this conferens vppon good meanynge towards me. I refused
hym agayne, sayengo I know nothynge, nor would tell nothynge. Then
he vrged me agayne, sayenge thatyf I would not tell hym, he would tell
me. Then I asked hym, yf he had ,'poken w"' Sir John Uarkley of late.
He sayd yea. Then I said, he might know moche of the matter. He
iuiswered that he dyd know the whole matter. I answered I thought ho
dyd not know all. And then presently he told me the whole eftect of ail
my contract made w'-' John Baptista in wry tinge, and furder told me
that Sir John Barkley had opened the same to Sir William Morgan, and
Sir William Morgtan vnto hym, and thervppon he and they and others
liad made proifes therof in a howssc at Lambethc, and also hym scllf in

SIATK I'Al'KKS

his ownc howssc w''' his ownc iniin, the prooffos wheruf in gold he shewed
me preseiitlyc in his chamber wyndowc, sayenge that it was moche richer
then I was informed of, and that it was a matter to great for hyra and
rae to deale withall, and belonged onelye to the pryncc. Then I told
hym that I was of hys mynde, and that thcrfore accordynge to my dcwtje
I had alredy informed yo'' Ma'''' therof longc before, accordinge to the
trewthe that was informed me by Ijaptista, but that I was not credited
therin, and that this was (as styll it is) vnknowen to Baptista and to Sir
John Barkley. Wherathe was raochc abashed, and sayd God hathe brought
us together this dayc for suum good, for other wyse I should have done suni-
what herein that should have hurte bothe you and me. And then he sayd
that it was our dewty that yo'' Ma''« should knowe hereof, and that hym
sellfe would certylfy yo' Ma"''' hereof, so as you should be right well {'.ssjred
that it was trew. And said agayne that it was a farre greattar treasour then
was knowen ; which thynge in deed synce that tyme I have parceaved, by
a prooffe therof w'' I have scene made by the same workmen, w'' holdethe
more than iiij onces of golde in c.lb. weight of vre, w"'' at iij^j. of money
the once amounted xii^i. of money the c w":'' is ccxl pounds of money for
every ton of the vre. And it is very likely that where this vre laye on
the face of the earthe, there is farre more ryche vre vudar the earthe.
But of this matter I thynke yo' Ma''« have byu fully certyffycd by Sir
William Wyntar and C. Furboisher, but oncly I put in mynd of
yo"" .Ma''" parte of my first wrytyngc delyured, thatyo'' iMa''*^' gyve order
in this matter in secreto quanto si puo et con fortessa, et con expcditioue,
least forayne prynces sett footte therin. Whervppon that yo'" Ma^'^^may
the better consyder, I beseche yo'' Ma"^' to beholde the situation of the
world in this small carta herewithall [ircbLUted trcwly thoughe grossely
made accordynge to my skyll.

And thus by this means of the doynges of Sir John Barkley and Sir
William Morgan dealynge therin w^'' others their parteners, and w''' the
Douchcmen their workmen vtterly without my knowledge, or ells by the
meanes of others, who have pece of the vre for proofl'es of others, and
not of me, the secreatnes of this great matter is discoured so as it is
abroade.

And bycause that I doo vnderstand, aswell by aletter hereinclosed re-
ceived from Baptista dated the iiij April, as also by credable report of
others, that the blame is layed all on me, as author of the speehe that
now is abroade of this great treasour. 1 doo by this wrvfynge j)urge my
sellfe of that vntrew surmyse. And 1 doo call to wytnes heaven and
earthe, that herein I have symply and trewly sett downe in wrytynge,
the manor of all my procedynges in this matter. And I do yeldc into
the handes of yo"" Ma''-^' all my goodes and my lyffe at yof pleasure, yf
other then this can be proved to be done by me in this matter.

And most humbly cravynge pardon of yo' Ma''e fur this my presumtion
■ind besechynge the same to accept my dewtyfuU trew meanynge J

SLHSr.QIIFNT TO THK KIllST VOYAGE.

hesechc the lyvyuge God to iirescrve yo"" Ma''"' longo to raygnc over us,
wi*> all happyncs.

I humbly beseche yo"" Ma''*" to restore me the wrytynges of Baptista
when as you arc well satisfyed in this matter.

Yo' Ma'"^>' most humble subjecte,

MicnAEii LoK.

The 22 April, 1.577.

fg*-'

{Colonial :U, Domestic Eliz., cxii, No. 2.5, i.]

No. 1.

Qucsto poco oro e cauato fuori di quell poca mincra mi mandacti, 6
vcro mi douasLi, di sorte chc si truoua csser in ogiii cento lili. oz. j. \ di
oro finissimo, ct largameute.

Jii" Bapt* Agncio, Italiano, in Santa Helena in Londra. Adi Ifi
.lanaro l-O^G. Dc la JMimera di Tramoutana Maistro. nuovo.

No. -2.
Mag'" et Ilonor'^^S'' Lok .se vi piacera venir fin (jui, io ho di gia pensato
ill caso nostro, et sara di sorte che penso ne restarete satisfatto, et mi vi

racco

II'> V"- Giouabatt" Agnello.

Adi 31 Jauaro.

No. .3.

Magc" et Honor'''' S"" Loko. Ilicri hebi risposta da sua JIagt» quale
mi fece dire che se io gli hauessi dimandato quello io disiderauo, inanci
che lei hauessi concesso el priuilegio chc uoi .sapcte, mi hauerebe conccsso
quanto io desiderauo, ma che cssendo dctto priuilegio passato et con-
firmato, uon Io voiena romper, per tanto sara buono lasciar I'impresa.
Credo che il primo acordo facemo \ oi et io sarebc stato buono per voi et
per me senza ecrchar fini oltra. Ogni cosa per il meglio. Et con qucsto
me vi racco'''' di cuore. Qnosto di 27 Feb'', del. 77 h, natiuitate.

IIo V" Giouabattft Agnello In Casa.
No. 4.
Sr mio Mag''" mi sara grato intcnder quello habiamo h fare accio 1'
amico mio si possi preparare per la giornata ha do fare, per tanto vi prcgo
faciamonc vna fine, et mi vi racco''".

H ' V" Giouabatt" Agnello. In Casa.

No. 5.

S' Lok. llicri vi scrissi I'vltima mia resolutione desiderandoui di

darmi vltima risposata dell' animo v" et no ho poi inteso altro. Ilora

pcrche 1' amico mio so ue va damatiua in jiaesL, son foreiato al risoluerlo

del tutto per tanto se per tutto hoggi no mi rissoluete del tutto : pretendo

100

STATK I'Al'KKS

che tutto quello liabiaino di tempo in tempo conferito insiemc sia del
tutto ancillato, rio vi delete poi di me et mi vi racco'".

IIo V'> Giouabatt« Agnello.

No. <!.
Mag'- ' et lIonor<i" Sf Lok.
Considcrando mediaiite Ic parole vostre mi dicesti hieri, circa la con-
fidencia haucte in me per il ncgocio nostro, non posso mancare di darui
causa che non siate del tutto satisfatto aacora che voi non lo rechiedete,
vidi io adonquo che quando farete fare 1' obligo d'accordo tra noi, fate
vi sia vn spacio di foso con vn sigillo per vn amico mio ijuale sara sigurta
per me di supplirc, et m . . . tenire tutto quello io vi ho promesso, accio
non parsata che morondo io non possiate ottenese el dcsidcrio vostro. Et
questo vorci fussi fatto dimane mero marti alia piu longa, et farmi sapere
il che hora protrete esser qui "accio io anco possi fare che 1' amico mio
sia qui, ct con questo mi vi racco'l" si cuorc.

II" V" (iionahattn Agnello. In Casa.

[Colonial 34. Domestic EHz., cxii, No. 25, ii,]

Contratto fatto d'accordo fatta tra Michelo Lok, Inghilese, mercante,
di Londra di vna parte, ct Giouan JJaptista AgncUo, Vinetiano, residente
in Londra di altra parte, come seguita.

Detto Michelo Li>k ha venduto et vcudc a detto Giouan Baptista
Agnello la quantita di cento tonelli (si tanto si puo haueve) di vinti
centanari il tonello, cioe <li lihre cento et duodeci del peso di Londra per
ogani centanaro di terra o altra materia mincrale di sortc tale quale
detto Michele ha datto al detto Giouan Baptista vna pezza per mostro,
laqualo pezza sta posta in vna scatoletta sigillata con sigilli lori, et
detta scatoletta sta posta dentro vna cassctta serrata con due serra-
turo et le chaue di ijuelle sono in custoditi loro, et detta cassctta e dato
in mano et custodia di per guardarla a vso loro per mostro

quando sara bisogno. La (juale detta terra, o meteria minerale di sorte
sopra detta, o altrimcnti di sorte tale quale detto Giouan Baptista o
altro per lui uuole truouarc et uligere in la terra nuouamente discorpar-
ta per Martin Forbiser, o in gli altre terre circonvisine da discoprire,
detto Michele promettc a .sua spoza fare cauare di terra, et carigare in
nave, et portare a Londra (Dio mandaudo la naue a saluauiento) et iui
consignarc a detto Giouan Baptista, lui pagando si come promette di
])agare al aetto Michele il precio di trenta lire moneta d'Inghilterra
])er ogni tonellc di quelhi, fra termiuo di xij mesi dipoi consignata in
Londra, cioe ogni tre mosi la quiirta i)arte dcla valuta al precio sopra
(lotto di quanto montara la quantita coisignata di tempo in tempo. Et
per piu causione et scourta di detto Michelo, il detto Giouan Baptista,

SUHSEQUKNT TO THK FIRST VOYAGE.

101

proiuette ct si contcnta chc la detta terra et altra materia uiincrale
restara in mano et puotere di detto Michclc come roba sua propria fin
chc il sia satisfatto di detto paganicnto di danari, eccetto la parte di
quclla chc detto .Michele ha da consignaro al detto Giouan Baptista
auanti mano per lauorare sojjra il ([ualc di poi si hauera di fare il paga-
mento sopra detto di tempo iu tempo. Et piu il detto Giouan Baptista
promette ill detto Michele di insegnare a liu o a un altro chc per lui
sara assegnato, il uero muodo ct Arte chc detto Giouan Baptista vsara
per cauare gli metalli dal detta terra o materia minerale, fra tcrmino di
sei mesi dipoi la consignatione dela prima parte di detta terra o materia
minerale in Londra, et ancora darcli in scritto gli regoli ct vero muodo
di detto arte. Et per complirc questo contratto il detto Michele ct il
detto Giovan Baptista mutualmcnte I'un a I'altero se obligamo loro per-
sone et hcredi et tutti beni di complirc quanto di sopra hamo promesso.
et vogliano che questo contratto et seritto sia di tan to vigore et forsa
quanto saria il racglio et piu valido scritto et obligatione che si puoteria
fare secondo gli leggi d'lnghilterra o di altri leggi qual si vuoglia per
accomplimento di (juello. Et in fcde di tutto ambe due hanno .sotto
scritti et sigillati questo et un altro simile copia con loro mano proprio.
Fatto adi xix di Marco, Ann" 1576, in Londra, by me,

MiCUAKL LOK.

Jo. Giouabatta Agnello prometo confirmare quanti di sopra h detto ct
per fcde de cio ho sotto scritto di mia propria mano et sogelato di
mio sugello. [<SVa/.]

I, Jhon Barkeley, knighte, doo bynde my selfe, my heyres, executors,
and assings to fullfyll all these covenants, articles, and agremts here above
written to, and w^'' one j"\Iychacll Lock, of the citieof London, merchant,
well one Jhon Baptystc Agnello hath promysed and here above co-
venanted to and w^^ the above said Mychell Locke, yu as ample mannr as
the sayde Jhon Baptystc ys bownde by the aforesayde covenants to full-
till the same, yn wytnes wherof I have wrytten and syngned thys byll
wi'i my owne hande and name, and sealyed the same also w"" my scale
of armeseven the 19"' day of Marche, An». Dm, \5H'>, by mc,

Jhon Baukelev.

[Colonial 34. Domestic KHz., cxii, No. 26, iii.]

Mag"^" et llonorJ" S'' Lok,

^lic veuuto air orecchie vn ccrto tuono inaspettato quale mi ha fatto
inarassiglia re molto, consideraudo la promcssa vostra mi facesti di tener
el negocio nostro secreto la qual cosa non hauete fatto, auci hauete ccr-
oato per tutta Loudra se vi fassi qual cuno sapessi far quello ch' io ho
lilt to, seuza proposito alcuno, et nuvucando ilella fcde : piu oltra hauete

lOii

SIATK rAl'KUS

pro ferto alia Rcgino di dargli piro dieci per tonello di vna ccerta vostra
ininera, fondandossi sopra le mic parole, il chi fu contra cjucllo mi pro-
metesti. Et so pur si doucua prescrire i sua Ma*" qualcosa, io 1' harei
potuto fare con piu fondamento et honesta che non hauete fatto voi,
perchc io gli harei parlato con sostancia ct del mio et uon farni hello
dellc mie forti che come hauete fatto voi. Et piu mi promcteste di
venir h. sugellare el vostro scritto, et non 1' hauete fatto. Et auco mi
prometestc di portarmi el restante della vostra minora, et non 1' haveto
manco fatto, per il che io con.sidorando tutte (jueste vostre qualita io son
deliberate di non 8e(iuitar piu oltra, per tanto vi prego rimandatemi el
mio scritto, et cercato chi moglio vi parcra, ch' io per me non mo ne
voglio piu impaciare in conteniuno, et vi protesto oli non mandar per
detto minora per mio conto ch' io non la voglio hauer in conto niuno.
Et conquesto miracco''" di cuore, et prego Dio vi dia moglior fortuna con
altri, Questo di x Aprile del 77. In casa,

II" V"^ Gioufibatt" Agnello.
Al Molto Magoo Sr Michicl Lok.
1577 Jn'> Bapt" Agnello. Reel the 3 April, 1577.

[Colonial, Bast Indies, No. 28. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 31.]

MR. MARTIN FURTUSIIERS PETITION TO HER MAJ"' TO BE GRANTED
TO HER IN RESPECT OF HIS TRAVAIL ALLREADY, AND IIEliE-
AFTER TO BE BESTOWED IN DISCOVERIE OF N EAV LANDS.

TuAT it maye please yo"" Ma"" in respect of the late discoveries I have
made to the north west, and my greate charges and travaill performed
therin to graunte to mo and myne heires, for ever under yc Mai-<^8 let.
ters pattentes, the high Admirall-shipp by sea, as well of all those seas
alreadie by me discovered or hereafter to be discovered as also duringo
my life the government and order by land of suche people of what na-
ture soever they shalbe that shall inhabitt in any parte of those dis-
coveries made or to be made by me and the same to be executed by my
self or sufficiento deputie w'' suche consideration of fee or allowuuce for
thoxecucion therof as shall beste please yo"" Ma'ie to bestowe on mo for
the same.

Ffurther, that it maie please yoi* Ma^'e to graunte me duringe my life
for my travaill and service performed in thies discoveries fyve powndes
of the cleare gaine of every c""). that shalbe brought owte of the landes
or islandes discovered or hereafter to be discovered by mo to the north-
west. And after my deathe to myne heires forever xxs, 5, of every c"'",
of cleare gayues to be brought as aforesaid.

Item, that I maie make free yorelio, duringe my life, of this voyage,

SUBSEQUENT TO THE FIRST \OYAGE.

103

six persons, so that for the firstc yere they commc not in w"i above c'"".
stoeke, and after to adventure as all others shall do by order.

And also that every shipp fraightcd ycrelie into thics new discoveries
in consideracion of the greate care I must take of theim bothe in ap-
pointitige aj)te men to take charge of their shipps, and also must in-
struct theim by sondrie orders and observacions how to holde companic
w'*> me shall, duringe my life, give me ouo t-oone fraight of every c.
toones to he brought from those places to be paide me in monic by the
owner or owners of those shipps accordingc to the value they shall re-
ceave or to carrie me the fraight of one toone at my choise.

[Colonial, East Indies, No. 32. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 33. |

A BUYEF NOTE OF THE COSTE AND CHARCE OF THE IIJ Slliri'S
AND FURNYTURE FOR THE SECOND VOYAGE FOR CATHAI,
ETC.

li.

750

400

. G50

. MO

. 950

. (:50

. 150

. 300

For the shyp Ayde, to the Quenes Mat'«

For the ij barkes Gabriel and Michael, w'*' almauer furny-

ture and ordonans . . . . .

For new buyldinge and translating the same ships and for

new tackelyng and iinplcmuntes .
For ordonans and munytion new bought
For vyttelles .....

For wagys of men .....
For nccessaryes, for the mynes and workmen
For marchandyse, for trafFyke, and provision

Sum of all . . ;j.44O0

This account is but gcssed very nere the trcwthe for that thav 'unttes
are not yett brought in parfectlye.

And the whole stock of the venturars sett downe in certayntye as yet
dothe amonte but . . . . 3( 00

Wherof is yet received but .... ^('.2500
And so thear lachethe in stock of the venturars to supplye
this whole charge ..... ^(.1400

Ffor the vf^^ summe of ^i.l400, the venturars are to take order prc-
sentlye to dyscharge the debt owinge to dyvers men for thinges had
for the furnyture of the said shyps and voyage, whiche is most humldy
bcseehed by Michael Lok, who hathe gyven his promessc to them for
the payment therof by order of the Coramyssyoners.

104

STATE I'Al'KUS

[Colo7iial, No. 29. Domestic Eliz,, cxi, No. 49.]

A NOTK OF THE PEOVISION AND FUUNYTURK NECBISSARYE FOR
THE SECOND VOYAGE FOR THE DT8C0URYE OF KATHAI, &C.

A great peece of this charge cut of, for thare went but one shippe
and two barckes in this viage.

A shyp of cxl ton burden, w*^'' tackelinge, ordenans, and
munition .......

A ship of cxx ton burden, w'l' ttackelings, ordenans, and
munition .......

ij barkcs of burden xxv ton echo, w'' were in the first voiage,
w"' their tackelinge, ordenans, and munition, w '' now they
have, and others to furnyshe and I'cpayer the same, all

V shallop, botes, w^'' their takle and furniture, wherof ij
w"' close overlops at x\li the pece, and iij open, at x^t the
pece ........

A ship of c ton burden, to be fraightcd for fysshinge, in the
Straytt." where Furbysher was, and from thens to retornc,
w"' one of the barkn in Viilew ....

li
lUOO

800

450

Sum of the shyps 2320/t
The vyttels for the 180 men, for the said ij shyps and ij
barkes, for xviij monthes, at xiijs. iiijc/. the monthe, for
eche man . . . . . . <'i21()0

To say in one ship 70 maryners, another (JO maryners, in
the ij barkes 30 mariners, and twenty men of ofl'yccs and
artyfyce.
The wages before hand of those 180 men, for their provi-
sion, at iiij/i the man, one w''' another . . . liaoo o

Sum of all this— /i50&0 (>
The marchandyse for stock, clothes, 50 carseys, 200 cottons,
40 frizes, 10 tyn ijm. Icadc, ijm. coppar, and kettelsijm.
and all other marchandyse . . . ^il200 (t

Sum of all — /iC280

That it would please the Quenes Ma''^ to graunt her letters patentts
of priviledge in the Corparation to the fyrst Venturars and their suc-
cessors, in ample manor.

That it would please Her Ma"e also to graunt auctoritie to Mr.
Frobyshcr, for the governement of the men in obedieus.

That warrant may be graunted to take vyttells at reasonable pryces, and

Sl'HSEQUKNT TO THK VIRST VOYAGli.

105

to prest men at reasonable wfigys, and to take sliyps at reasonable
Itraysemcnt for the sarvyce of this voyage, yf the Quencs Ma''«8 shyps
(.loo not sarve.

That order may be taken by agrcraent of the venturars for offycers for
the good governeraeiit of the Company, and the inayntaynans of their
pryvy ledges, and to take the charge of the whole busyncs and accountts.

That the shyps may be redy to departe on their voyage by the x day
of Marcho.

That men may be named by secret commission, to supplye the charge
of Mr. Frobyshur and Mr. llawUe, vppou any myshappe, and to bo
kept secret vutill tymc of uedc.

[Colonial 33. Domestic ELiz. cxi. No. 48, i.J
±% of Marche, 1577.

llirriNGK TIIOWT MVET TO BE EMPLOYDE IN THE VIAOE
ENTENTED 15Y MR. lURBUSUEU, viz. : —

The Ayde
The Gabiiell
The MyghcU

Tons. Maiiiierii. SnUlifrs.

200 65 25 ^

15 10 3 I- Men 115

25 10 2j

240 85 30

A preportion of vittouls for the said 115 men.

(Uysket 16 tons.) Item bysket for v monthes of 28 daiea
to the monthe contayneng 14U dales after the rate of Mi
per man per diem, xiiij"" iij c. iij quarters at xiij s. iiij ct.
per c. . . . . 1)5 16 8

(Mealc 30 tons.) Item meale for xiij monthes contayneng
364 dales, 240 barrells contayneng eche barrell iiij
bushels w'' maketh 960 bushells at iiijs per bushell, XKilli
mor for the barrells and gryndinge at xxs. per barrell
19 10 Omownts . . 211 10

(Biere 8(i^ tons.) Bicre for vi monthes conteyaneng 168
dales after the computation of one gal lone aman per dale
80^ ton at 'Hi 6s per ton w^'' caske iron whoopes and
chardges ....... 181

(Wyne 5 tons.) Malmsey and secke v tons at xx/i per ton 100

(Biefe 5 tons.) Bieft'e for iij monthes having tleshe dales
48, at \li a man per diem, vij'"' iiij<^ weight grose at
xiiijs per c weight 51 16 0. Item for bayo sawlic to
preserve the same 55 bushels at ijs per bushell 5 10 o.

106

STATK I'Al'ERS

Item for iiij tons ij hogsheads of caskc to packe the same

in at XH per ton, 2 5 mounts ....
(Porke 1/)} tons.) Porko for 15 licke monthcs contayncng

240 daies after the rate of l^t weight aman per diem,

xxiiij'iii viij« xxiiij li weight at xiiijs per c weight

173 15 more for 186 bushels sawlte at ijs. 18 12

more for 15 ton ^ of casko at lOs per ton, 7 15 mownts
(Peasee 10 tons.) Item pease for 288 fleshe daies in the

18 monthes as afore saied allowinge to iiij men 1 q' of

pease per diem, 258 bushels at 3s per bushell 38 14

more for 10 tons of caske, 6 0.
(Stockc fyshe 2i tons.) Stocko fyshe for 108 daies in ix

monthes, as afore saied at 1 quarter of a fyshe aman

per diem, iij'"'c fyshes at ij^t per c . . .

(Butter 2 tons.) Butter for the saied 108 daies at 1 quarter

of a li weight echo man per diem, 3,105 li weight salte

at iiijd per li 51 15 more, for waste 250 li weight at

iiijd per li weight 4 3 4.
(Chiese 4 tons.) Chiose for other 108 daies at half-a-^t

weight aman per diem 6210 li weight subtiil more 500 li

weight for allowans of waste amowntinge in the whoUe

to 6710 li weight at xvjs viijd per c weight
(Otmeale H ton.) Item otcmeale 40 bushels towardes the

sui)lycngc the want of fyshe ....
(Riesc 1^ ton.) Item ricse for the licke cause 2000 oz. .

Item caske to stowo the saied otmeale and riesc in iij

tons at xs per ton. .....

Item honney ij barrells at iij/i vis viijd per barrell

Item sallet oyle 1 hogshead
(Provision for store 8 tons.) Item vyneger 1 ton

Item aquavietc ij hogsheads

Item mustersecd iiij bushels

Item candles xij c weight at iijd per li .

Item baye sawlte v ton at iiij^t per ton
(Woodc 14 tons.) Item wood xiiij'"' at xiijs iiijd perj'"' .
(Sea coales 30 tons.) Item sea coalcs 20 chawdcra at

xiijs iiijd per chawders .....
(Charcoale 1 ton.) Item charcoales 1 loade
Item fyshingc nets, fyshinge lyenes, hooks, harpinge irons

and suche lieke nessesaries ....

(Provision for sick men.) Item to allowe the surgeone

towards the furneshingc of his cheaste .

Proynes 2 firkens ......

Item reasons, almonds, liccores, etc.
(Provision for the apparelling of the men.) Item wollinge

!> I I

200 2

43 14

55 18 4

26 13 4

1 10

6 13 4

8
10

I 10

9 6 8

13 6 8

1 6 8

() 13 4

2
2

SUB8EUUKNT TO THK I'lRST VOYAGE.

107

clothe for jirkcns, brecho and hose, canvas and lynncn^o

clothe for dublots and shorts, hats, caps, and shewcs, etc.
(Chardgs). Item for land carrage, wharttagc, labras

packingc of bief and pork, water carriage, and other

extraordennarie, etc. .

(Rigging, wages, and vittailes.) Item for the rigglnge,

wages, and vittails of Ix men for ij raonthcs to end the

last of Aprille next at xxijs vid aman per mensem
(Prest monney vppon wages.) Item for the too monthes

wages to be emprcsted to the company at ij^i per man .
(Merchandizes). For provision of merchandizes .
(The Aydo). The Ayde the firste penny .

Item more to furni.she her w"^'' ordonance, takle, apparrcll

and moiiytions, etc. .....

(The Gabriell.) The Oabriell throwghly perfected in all

respects .......

(The Mygholl.) The Myghell in lieke sorte

Item ij shallopes ......

2582 3 4
Sum of tons 22fi tons ^

Sum of monney 3778^i 2 K)

Item for the hier of a ship of cxx tons to waight

vpon the ships to the Straight, etc. . . OOOli 4278 2 l()

Item for divers extraordinary chardges . . . 221 17 2

Sum of all li-ilJOO ^4500

100 (I

127 1(»

230

500

760 U

450

ISO

180

[_Colonial East Indies, No. 50. Domestic cxix, No. 41. J

IHK NAMES OF THE VENTUBA.U8 IN THK SECOND VOYAGE I'oK
CATHAIA, &C , BESYDE8 lUEIU VENTUllE IN THE FIRST
VOYAGE.

The Quenes Ma''" ....

The Privie Counsell.
The Lord Ilighe Treasorer, 50
The Lord Ilighe Admirall
The Lord Chamberlayne, 50
The Erie of Warwyke, 50 .
The Erie of Bedford, 25 .
The Erie of Leycestcr
Mr. Treasorer ....

Mr. Controller ....
Mr. Secretarie Walsyngham

1000

100

.50

100

200

1U« SIATK

I'Al'l KS

Other Vt'iiturars.

The Erie of Pembroke . . . . . .150

The Countcsse of Warwykc

The Countessc of I'einbrokc, 2.0

The Lady Anno Talbot, 25

5(t

The Lord Ilounsdon

The Lord Charles Howard

Sir Ilcnry Wallop, and others

200

Sir Thomas Oreshara

100

Sir Leoncll Duckett, 25 .

Sir William Wyntcr

200

Mr. Phillip Sydney, 25

— William Pellam

— Thomas Raudolphe, 25 .

— George Wyntar .

100

— Edward Dyar, 25

— Symon Boyer, 25

—

— Anthonye Jenkynson, 25

— Mathew Smythe

— Geftrey Turvyle .

— William Payntar

— Richard Boylland

— Mathew Ffyld, 25

— Edward Ilogan .

— Richard Yonge .

— Thomas Allyn .

— Christofcr lluddesdon .

— William Ormshamc, 25 .

— Rolert Kyndersley

— Michael Lok

200

[^Colonial, 33. Domestic Eliz., cxi. No. 48, ii.]

YERE 15"//.

THE VENTURERS IN THE SECOND VOYAGE FOR CATHAV, ETC.

In the first voyage as folowethe.

The Quenes Ma''"
50 My Lord llighc Treasurer
50 My Lord llighe Admirall
50 The Erie of Sussex

The Erie of Bedford

600
100
100
100
25

srilSKUUKNl To IIIK FIRST VOYAGE.

KM)

25
25

100
26

50 The Eric of Warwyko

50 The Erie of Lcyccstcr
The Erie of Pembroke
My Lord Ilounsdowne
My Lord Charles Howard
Sir Frauncys KnowcUs
Sir James Croft
Mr. Friincys Walsyni^ham
Mr. Phillip Sydney
My La<ly Anne Talbot
Mrs. Mary Sydney
Sir Thomas Orcsham
Sir Leonell Ducket
Sir Ilenery Knevet
Sir William Wyntar
Mr. Thomas Randall
Mr. George Wyntar
Anthony Jcnkynson
William Sakford
William Kyllygrew
Symon Boyer
Geffrey Turvylo .
William Payton .
Richard Boyland

100 Michael Lok
.00 Edraond Ilogan .
Mathevv Fyld

1(H) William Bond, yonger
25 Mathew Kyndersley
Robert Kyndersley
25 Christofer Androwcs
25 Robert .Martin

All 850 Henry Lok

Thomas Marshe .
William Ornishaw
Olyft'c Burre
Thomas Chester
Thomas Kelke
Thomas Aldworthe
Robert Haltou

- Of Bristow

100

200

.50

2.)

300

100

200

26
26
100
25
25
26
25

1225
All the .30 Marche 1577 li. ^(loo

8TATK I'Al'KRS

to Bet .')
^liipH fourth

Th(^rB IB
hIichiIy ill
slii|>piiiK
about lUUOli.

To be yot
lowed

■.ioWli.

Order to bo
t«l<cii tliat
Riich 119 ni"
eiitrpcl into
tbe Com-
liftiiy.iind set
down their
somes, innv
bniitjup the
siiuio wt
spcode.
Notliiiig can
be doll
viilesso it bo
brought >n.
'J'lio lyme
pnsseth, al-
inogi past
tor jisyere.

[ Colonial, No. 33, Domestic Eliz., cxi, No. 48.]

UEPOUT UPON THE OUTFIT Foil TIIK SECOND VOYAOK.

It may ploaso jo"" Lordships to undorstanfl, whoras you have liy
yo' letters, lieringo date the xvii''' of this present, rcquyred that woo
shuldo take vppoa vs tho care of the thoroughc and speedy settingo
furtho to tho seas of Mr. Furbusher, w"' tho shipjiingo thought moeto
to passo w'l' him for the discoverie pretended. So it is that accordingo
to your honnoral»le comawndement wee have travelled in tho same, and
do percoavo as foUowoth : Kirst, woo do finde as well by thexamynacion
of the said Mr. Furbusher, as also of tho master that was w'^ him in his
last viadgc, and other of that company whom wee have particulcrly ex-
amyned a part one from tho other, and also vj)pon dyvcrs and sundry
other matters whieho wee have pervscd and weyed, that tho supposed
Straight whieho Mr. '."'uibusher doth sett out is so farr fourth as we can
gather and judge a trueth, and therforo a thingc wurthio in our opynyons
to bo followed. The nombur of shippes and other vessells w^'' the men
to go in them, tho provicion of victuells to bo made, w^'' all other neces-
saries fitt for to serve for the said viailt^e, wee have throughly considered
therof, and hauo sett downe the same in particulers whiche dotho amount
to iiiji" v" li, as by tho said particulers subscribed w"' our handes may
plainely appero, towardes the whiche woo do likewise finde that there is
in provicion as well in shippingc as other nccosseries to the valowo of ono
thowsand powndcs little more or lesse. So there is to be levied vppon
suche as are, or will bo the Adventurers, the rosidewe of the fornamed
some of iiij'" v*" li, mowntingo to three thowsard five hundred powndes,
whiche matters before rohersed, wee have thought it meete and our
dueties to revealc the same, not only to yo"" Ilounors, but also to other
partners of that Company of Adventurers in the forsaid viage to
thend that tho same beiiige knowen, speedy order may be taken that
every person who hath entrod into the Company, and sett downe suchc
somes of money as they will adventure, that they do forthwith take order
to bringe in their said somes to Mr. Iluggins, beinge appointed Treasorer
of that Company, withoutt the whiche uothinge can be doune, and if it
should be any longer deferred, tyme wolde not serve this yere to take the
viage in hand. And thus havinge shewed to yo^ Lordshipps, and the
rest, our travaills and opynyons in that behalf the whiche we leave to
yor honnorable consideracions, wee rest prayinge God to preserve you.
London, the xxx"' of Marche, 1577.

Yo'' Honnorable LL. to command,

W. Wynter, Tho. Randolph, G. Wynter,
A. Jenkinson, Kdmond Ilogan, Michael Lok.

St'HSK«4L'F.NT TO TIIK KIKST VOYAOK. Ill

[Coloaial, Uii. Domestic, Eliz., ex, No. 21.]

AIlTlCIiEH UF OUAUNT I'ROM TilU QUEKNK's MAJKHX'IU TO TUK
OOMPANYE OF KATIIAI.

(■(inner of
MiiHUuvln.

lok.

That A, H, C, D, etc., all tho names of the fyrst vcnturorH, with M. a «'oi|.iira-
Jjok and M. V robi.shcr, in the fyrst vyage and attempt made for discovery iii i.km to w.
(if Kathai and other newlandes by tho north west wards, shalhc one 'i',!!','.,m,|.
(,'oinpiiiiyo and corporation for ever to them ami their successors. |'ii"<h.-.i in

' •' I Inllll III tll'^

That tho aayd Companyo shallio named the Companye of Kathai.

That they shall hauo pour and auctoritie to udmytt others into their
corporation at their plcasurs.

That they shall hauc pouro and lybcrtio to assemble them selves and
to kepo courtes when and wher they will.

That thosso which shalbo assembled being xv in noraber at tho list,
shall hauo poure and auctoritie tochosse a governore, ii cousuils, and xii
ubsistantts, to continew in their otfyco for terme of iij yeres now nex
comyng, and afterwards to chuso ij governors, iiij cousuils, and xxiiij
assystantts, to contynew in offiyce for iij yeres, and so to be renewed or
changed from iij yeres to iij yeres.

That thosse which shalbe so assembled in court in nombtr and order
afforsayd, which the governor, ij cousuils, and iij assystantts, shall haue
full poure and auctorytie to make lawes aud ordynances and actes from
tymc to tymo as thjy seme good for the good order aud govermentt of
the Coiupanye, which shall bynd all tho Companyo to the dew obsarva-
tiou therof, and maye sott fyues and peualtios uppon tho transgressors
therof, and comytt them to pryson and attache their goodes untill they
perl'ormo them.

That they may haue a sargant or offycer or twayne to execute their
lawes and actes.

Tliat they maye revok their former lawes, iind mak other new lawes,
as maye seme good from tymo to tyme for the good goverment of the
Companyo.

That they may haue a common seal.

Tliat they may sewe and be sowed in ail the courtes of the reame by
name of the Company of Kathai.

That they may purchase laudes aud teuuemeuts to the vallewo of one
hundreth poundes rent, and may sell and mak leases.

That they may possesse and cnjoye all their goodes.

That they m ly do all thiuges in as ample and beneficiall manner as
any other corjtoration may doo.

That they and their successors, and their factors, servantes, deputies,
and assignes, shall hauo free lyt)ertie, poure, auctoritie, and pryvelcdgo
for ever at thoir will and pleasure, to sayll, goo, and otherwysse by any

\12

STATK I'Al'ERS

Aaraiioii mcancH to paaso to ami from all seas, waters, ilcs, laiwlcs, coiintryes, oto.,
shall not ho Hayiiii^c or otherwyssc passiii^^o from Kanlaml, iiortliwanJ, wcstwanl, or
the former' 8owthewariHe, or by any other poynt of the sea compasse, betweno the
ohariorH of northo, the west, mil the southe, aswcl uiuler our banners and ensijrnes
phnmsDf as otherwysse without thoni, with whatsoever shipps and other vesselis,

Miisnivm I" , . , ,,

be BooordeJ. and with all manner vythuali, munition and furnyture and neccssaryes for
the same, and with all manner of marchaundis and goodes for to seke, dys-
cover, and fynd whatsoever seas, waters, iles, landes, regions, countryes, pro-
vences, and other places whatsoever, of whatsoever gentells, heathen,
infiilells, or other nations, sett and beingc in whatsoever part of tho
world, which before this tyme, and before the late vyage of discovery
made by iNIartyue Frobysher to the northcwostwards hath been un-
knownc, oi not commonly freiiucnted, l)y the subjects of our reame of
England for trade of marchauudisc. And also in the same seas, waters,
ilos, landes, countryes, regions, provences, and other places, and to and
from tho same, shall and may frelye at their wills and pleasurs from
hence fourth for ever, use traffic and trade of merchauiidise, and other-
wise doo what soever bussines and thinges to them shall seme good and
convenyent for their ownc pro])cr vantage, comoditie, and proff'yt, with-
out theirby incuringe any manner of peiialtie, forfayture, or other
molestation or trowble whatsoever, notwithstan^inge any pryveledge or
other actes, lawes, or thing js whatsoever to the contraryc herof in any
wysso.

That none other parson, subject, nor dcnyson of our realmes and
domynions, nor any other of whatsovcr nation, not beinge free of this
Corporation or Companye, shall passe by any mcancs to nor from any of
tho sayd seas, landes, etc., nor vyssett the same, nor therin do any f'catt
of marchaundise, nor other business, without the speciall consent o^d
lycence of tho sayd Companye, under their common seall, graunted in
coiirtt or otherwysse then for the affayres and bussines of the sayd Com-
panye by their order, ui)pon jiaync of losso and forieyteure, i/mo fncto,
of all shipes, vesselis, and goodcs whatsoever, transported to or from any
of the sayd countryes or jilaces, or tho vallow therof, the halfe to tho
Queue, the other halfe to tho Company, to be taken or sewed for by
seasuro or accyon of debt or other vysso in any of the Queue's courtes, etc.
That to their best poure and abilitie they may forbyd, withstand, and
repullse all other parsons of whatsoever nation that shall dysturbc or
interrupt them, or iutormc'lc in their trade of marchaundis or other-
wysse in any their attemptes in any of the sayd seas, lands, countrys,
or other places before sayd, without therby incuringe any penalties or
daunger of our lawes, etc.

That of all the marchaundis which they shall carrye out uf our reames
and domynions they shall pay no more nor greater customc, subsedy,
nor other dcwties unto uk nor to our licyres, then in now dewe or shall
be <lcw to us by our subjectcs by the lawes and customes of our rcauie.

.r k-.«»«WrWJSWB*lK(M««*'*=' ■■ '

SimSKQUKNT TO rilK KIKSI VOYAGE.

\{ii

That of all the goodcs, wares, ami marchaundis which they (tliall
hiinge into England from the conntryes afPorsayd they shall pay hut
halfe cnstonie, siibsodyes, and other dewtics now dew to us, for the terme
of XX yeres now next ensewinge, and afterwardes shall paye to ns and
our heyres for ever no more Init r>£ of ]()0£ of the vallew of the satne
iii.irchaundise that they shall I)ringe in, accordiiige to the vallewation
therof, now vsed in our customs in London.

That they shall freeley and at their pleasure transport out of our
reames and doniynions into any other reames and countryes all such
wares and marchaundis as they shall bringe in and not sell in our
ilomynions, free, without payment of any customo or dewtie to us out-
wardes for the same, notwithstandiuge any lawes to the countrarye, etc.

And furdermore, in consideration of the industry, good direction, and
great travayll of Michaill Lok of London, mercer, i"^ the fyrst voyage
latelye attempted by Martyne Frobysher, gent., for d_ scovery of Kathai
and other new landcs by the northewestwards, we doo grauntt and will
that the sayd Michaill Lok shalbe the fyrst governore of the sayd Com-
panye, to contynew in that offycc for terme of his lytte, except he will
rcsygne the same. And ulso in consideration of his great Ci.^c, charges,
and venture for the provision and furnyture of the forsayd fyrst voyage
of dyscovcrye, we do graunt and will that he shall haue, receive, and
tak of the sayd Companye to his owne vse and belioffe for ever, the rate
of one of every hundreth of all the wares, goodes, and marchaundis that
.shalbe browght into England or other countryes for accountt of the .sayd
Companye, accordinge to tlie rate and vallewe therof in the payment of
custome to the Queue's majestic.

And lykewyse, in con.'^yderation of the industry, good order, and great
travayll of ]\Iartync Frobysher, gent., in the execution of the fyrst voy-
iigc latly niade in his own parson for the dyscovcry of Cathai and other
new landes by the northewestwardcs, we do grauntt and will that the
sayd Martyne Frobisher, dcwringe terme of his naturall lyffc, shalbe
High Admyrall of all .'eas and waters, countryes, landes, and iles, as
Avell of Kathai as of all other countryes and places of new dyscovcry.
And also in consydcration of his good sarvyce theirin, we do grauntt an<l
will that he shall haue, receave, and tak of the sayd Compwr-ve to his
owne proper vse and bchoffe for ever the rate of cmc of every hundreth of
ail the warres, goodcs, and marchauiidise tluit .shalbe brought into
England or other countryes for accountt of the Companye, accoidinge to
the rate and vallew therof in the payment of custome to the Quene's
majestie.

That all the malic chyldren of all the fornaraed parsons, which wcare
fyrst venturers of the Companye, and also the heyres malle of every of
the sayd malle chyldren fjr ever, shalbe admytted into the lybcrties an(\
pryvelcdges of the sayd Companye gratis from tyme to tyme.

114

STATE PAPERS

[Colonial, No. 31. Domestic Elk., ex, No. 22.]

ARTICLES CONSENTED AND FULLY AGREr.DE BY THE COMPANY

OF KATHAYE.

Thatt the Company shalbe named the Company of Kathay.
Thatt Michaell Lok shalbe Govcrnour for vj yeres next ensuinge.
Thatt A. B. shalbe Consullor for iij yeres.
Thatt A. B. C. shalbe Assistante for iij yeres.

Thatt A. shalbe Agente for iij yeres, to doe all the buisness of the
Company, according to order of the Company, and shall have
stipende ycrcly.

Thatt Edraond Ilogan shalbe Tresourror for iij yeres.
Thatt in consideracion of the industry, good direction, &payns takinge
of Michaell Lok in the first viage latly attempted for discouery of Kathay
& other now landes, by the Northwestwardes, and also of his great cost,
charges, and venture for the provision and furnyture of the same, he
shall haue, receiue & take of the Company to his owne vse for ever, the
rate of one of every 100, of all the wares, goodes and marcliandise, thatt
phalbe brought into England or other countries for account of the Com-
pany, accordinge to the rate & valew therof in tiro payment of custome
to the Queue's Ma''^.

Thatt in consideracion of the like industry, good order & great travile
of Martyn Frobisheir, gent., in the execution of the firste viage latly
made in his owne parson, for the discouery of Kathay and other new
landes by the Northwestwardes, he shalbe general Captayne by sea and
Admyrall of the shipps & navie of the Company duringe his life, and
shall have stipend yerely duringe his life, and also shall have,

recevc & tak of the Company to his owne vse for ever the rate of one of
100 of all the wares, goodes and marchandise thatt shalbe brought into
England or other countries for accounpt of the Company, according to
the rate & valew therof in the payment of custome to the Queue's Ma''",
Thatt from hence forth for ever the some of one hundreth poundes of
Euglishe money shalbe accompted one single parte or share in stok of
the Company.

Thatt every parson of this Company as well those w^'' now are the first
ventures as all others w'' hereafter shalbe free of this Company & wilbe
venturers, shall put into accompt for their stock one hundredth poundes
of English money, w^'' shalbe accompted for one single parte and as
many more lik single partes as they please, nott beinge above five single
partes, and as the traffick from tyme to tyme will suffer to occupy great
stock.

Thatt every one of the first venturers shall haue liberty to put in
stock doble nomber of single partes of any other of the venturers from
tyme to tyme.

SUHSEQUKNT TO THE FIRST VOYAGE.

115

Thatt every new stock of new account from tyme to tyme shall con-
tenew for iij yeres, and att thatt tyme thaccompt therof shalbe clea.iy
made up and fynyshed, & therof divydent then shalbe made, & shalbe
paid to every one of the Company venturars in thatt accompt, or to the
heires or executors of those w'-'' shalbe deade in thatt meane tyme all
thatt shalbe founde dew to them vpon thaccompt accordinge to the rate
of their stok thcrin put.

Thatt all sucii parsons as shalbe admitted into tha fredom of this
Company att this next cominge viage & venture to be made, shall paye
for a fyne xxx poundes towardes the charges and losses sustayned by the
venturers of firste viage made for discouery.

Thatt Mychaell Lok and Martyne Frobusher shalt haue libertye to
assigne x parsons to be a<lmytted into the fredome of this Company
gratis, att their pleasure, thatt is to saye, each of them to assigne five
parsons.

Thatt no parson shalbe admitted into the fredome of this Company
after this next coming viadge to be made vntil the ende of iij yeres &
fynyshinge of that accompt.

Thatt all other parsons w^i' shalbe admitted into the fredome of this
Company by redemption after the saide iij yeres tyme & ende of thatt
accompt, shall paye for afyue tow hundreth poundes of money, to the
v.se and bcncfitt of the whole Company.

Thatt a competent howse and warchowse shalbe highred for the buis-
nes of the Company, and officers & servantts nedfuU for the same.

Thatt all the goodes & marchaundise of the Company shalbe marked
w"' the mark in the margent.

Thatt all the male children of all the forenamed parsons which weare
first venturers of this Company, & also the heires male of every of the
said male children for ever, shalbe admitted into the liberties & prive-
ledge of the saide Company (gratis) from tyme to tyme.

Thatt such of the Company as shall dye w"'out male children may
give and assigne over his fredome of this Company to one other parson,
by his last will and testament.

[Colonial, East Indies, No. 26. Domestic, cxix, No. 32.]

A BRIKFF NOTE OF ALL THE COST ANIl CHARGE OF THE IJ
SHirPS GABRIELL AND MICHAELL AND THEIR TYNNASSE
AVITH ALL THEIR FUENYTURE FOR THE FYRST VOYAGE
TO CATHAY, ETC., SENT WITH MARTYN FFURBISSHEU IN
.lUNE, ANNO 1567.

It,

Ffor the hull of the new shipp Gabriell . . . 8;J

For the new pynnasse of vij ton . . . . 20 O

For the shippe Michacll, with old taklc and furnyture . 120

116

SPATK PAPERS, KTC

For new takling and rigging them all
For ordenancc and municion
For instrumentes of navegacion
For vittuall for the whole voyage .
For men's wages paid before hand .
For marchandiz for traffick .

229 16 l(»
100 8 4
60 14
387 14 10
213 17 8
213 6 8

ticularly bie

^tUlS 17 4

Sume of all the charge appering par
account ....
And nowc wages and charges paid syns the retorne of
the shipps home untill the end of December anno. 1576 ^(195 1 11

Sume to tall

/a613 19 3

And all the whole stok of the adventurers sett down in
certaintie were but ..... 875

So there lakid in stok of the adventurers to supply the

whole charge ..... ^i738 19 3

Ffor the which sume of ^* 738 195 3d the venturers are to consider to-
wardes Mighell Lok, who did pay and disburse the same for them so
long tyme as thaccountes shall declare to his great hyndrans and
great danger if it had been lost.

.■Vfter the retorne home of the said ij shipps were sold
divers parcel Is of the merchandiz and vittuall which
wold not kepe good as particularly by account apperith /ill7 18 7

And all the rest of the shipps and goodes rcmayning were valued and
sold to the account of the second voyage as follows : —

For the marchandiz .....

For the ij shipps .....

For wyne and other victualls an divers implcmentcs

Sume of the remayner sold and charged in account of the
second voyage .....

Sume of all the discharge of this first voyage amountes

So ther was left clare by this first voiage with the stok of
the adventurers must here untill God send better
successe ...... 800

And so restith still good in stok of this first voyage /i75 Os Od which is
putt to the account of the second voiage with god
increasse ...... lilH U

lil48 5

4{)(»

147 l.'i

696

813 19

ACCOUNT OF THE SECOND VOYAGE, WITH

THE INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN TO

MAUTYNE FURBISHER.

Colonial, 39. Domestic Bliz., cxiii. No. 12.

INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN TO MAKTYNE FFURniSHEK, GENT., FOR ORDERS TO
BE OBSERVED IN THE VIAGE NOWE RECOMMENDED TO HIM FOB
THE NORTH WEST I'ARTS AND CATHAY.

1. Fyrst, you shall cntre as Captayne Generall into the
chardge and government of theise three vessels, viz., the
Ayde, the Gabriell, and the Michaell, w"* all that apper-
taynethe to them whatsoever.

2. Item, you shall appoint for the furnishing of the sayd
vessels, the nomber of 120 persons, whereof xc shalbee
maryners, gonneers, carpenters, and other necessarie men to
serve for the vse of the shippes : the other xxx to bee
moynerSj fyners, merchants, and other necessarie persons
bothe to accompanie and attend vppon you w"*^ nomber you
shall not in any wise exceade.

3. Item, the victualls for vij monthcs w'^'' is delivered into
the sayd shippes for the provision of the foresayd persons,
you shall carefully see the same expended and preserved
without spoyle or hurt taking by negligence.

4. Item, you shall not rcceave into yo"" companic anie
disordred person as neere as you may, and vppon knowledge
had to remove them except such as you have received by our
order yat were prisoners and condemned persons.

5. Item, you shall vse all diligence possible to depart
w"' yo'' sayd vessells from hence before the xx"' of this

118

INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN TO

present, and to take yo"^ course by north or the west as the
wynds will best serve you.

6. Item, in yo"" waye outwards you shall, if it bee no
hinderance to yo"' viage, sett on land vppon the coast of
Friesland vi of the condemned persons w''"' you carie w"' you,
yfih weapons and vittualls suche as you maye conveniently
spare : and yf hit can not be don outwards, you shall doe
yo"" endeavour to accomplishe the same in yo' returne ; to
which persons you shall give instrujtions howe they may by
their good behaviour wyn the goodwill of the people of that
country, and also learne the state of the same : and yf you
sett them a land in yo"" goyng outwards, then doe your best to
speake w^'' them in yor returne.

7. Item, when you shall bee past the lands of England,
Scotland, or Ireland, you shall direct yo'' course withe all
yo'' vessels to the island called Hawls Island, beyng in the
entrance of the supposed Straight w"'' wee name Furbisher's
Straight, discovered by yo' sclfe this last yearc. And in
yo*^ jorney thitherwards you shall have a speciall regard so
to order the matter as yo'' vessels doc not loose the companie
one of the other : and yf anie wilfulnesse or negligence shall
appeare in anie person or persons that shall have chardge (or
otherwise) in doyng of the contrarie then you shall sharply
punishe the same to the example of the rest.

8. Item, at your arrivall at Ilawls Island you shall seek a
good harborrowe for the shippes as nere the same island as
may bee, and there to place yo' shippes in saftie ; and from
thence you shall reparc w^'' suche vessels and furniture as is
apt to the place where the mynerall core was had w*^'' you
brought hither the last ycarc, and there to place the moyeners
and other men to worckc and gather the cores foreseeyng
that they maye bee placed as well from danger and malice
of the people as from anye other extreamitie that maye
happen.

9. Item, when you have placed yo'" moyeners and other
persons as before is sayd, you shall then embarck yo'' sclfe in

MAKTYNE Ft-'URHISHKR.

119

one of the small barcks and take the other barck also w"* you,
leaving the Ayde behind you in the chardge of some discreet
person as well to receave and lade the oores w'''^ shalbe gotten
as also to succour the worckmen ; w''* the w*^'' twoe barcks
you shall repare towards the place where yo"" men and boate
J was taken from you, and in the waye goynge you shall make

; 'I searche bothe for good harborrowes, and also for other

I moyennes : and yf vppon prooffe you shall fynd moyenes to

bee richer than those from whence you came, then you shall
returne to the fyrst worckes and remove the moyeners and
shippe to those other moyenes as you shall see cawse : and
the worckmen beyng once well settled, then you w*^** the
barcks shall proceade for the searching owt of yo"^ men lost,
and also to discover L or a c (so farr) leagues westward more
from that place as ye maye be certayne that you are entred
into the South Sea ; and in yo'' passage to Icarne all that you
can, and not to tarye so longe from the Ayde and worckmen
but that you bee able to rctorne homewards w'^ the shippes
in due tyme.

10. Item, to consider what places maye bee the most aptest
to make fortification, yf neede requyre to the defence of the
moyeners and possessynge of the countrie, and to bring per-
fect plottes and notes thereof.

11. Item, yf it bee possible you shall leave some persons
to wynter in the Straight, givyng them instructions how they
maye observe the nature of the ayre and state of the countrie,
and what tymc of the yeare the Straight is most free from
yse : w"' whome you shall leave a sufficient proportion of
vittals and weapons, and also a pynnesse w*^*^ a carpenter and
thinges necessarie so well as maye bee, •

12. Item, yf it shall happen that the moyenes do not yeald
the substance that is hoped for, then you shall furnishe the
twoe barckes w*-'' such as you maye take owt of the Ayde,
and therewithall you shall proceade towards the discovering
of Cathaya w"" the two barcks and returne the Ayde for
England agaync.

'^WWfW^^^^P^PP*^^

120

INSTRUCTIONS, KT<;

lo. Item, a>> you sluiU mistrust rather to inuchc than any
thinge to litle tovvching the matter of yo"" salftie, when you
happen to come to have conference w'*' the people of those
parts where you shall arrive: so agayne wee recpiyre you,
that in all yo"" doynges you doe so hehave yo"" selfc, and to
cavvse yo'' companie to doe the like towards the sayd people
as maye gyve lest cawsc of offence, and to procure as muche
as in you shall lye to wynne bothe frendshippc and likynge.

14. Item, yf you fynd that the oore bee of that qualitie
and quantitie that is looked for, that then you doe procure
to lade so muche thcrof in all yo"" shipping as maye bee, all-
thoughe you doc leave owte other superfluouse thinges.

15. Item, you shall make yo' returne homewards by the
west parts of Ireland, and so by the narrowe seas of England
to London, for that wee doe take the same to bee yo"" salfest
course. And because wee doe not knowe what other matters
maye happen to you in the tymc of yo'' jorney, and thcrfore
can not prescribe what is to bee done for yo' rcliefe in suche
a case : wee doe thcrfore rcferre the consideration of the
same to yo'' good discretion, not doubtyng but that the order
w"'* you will take thcrin shalbe agreeable w''' the good ex-
pectation that is conceaved of you.

16. Item, wee doe not thinke it good you should bringe
hither above the nomber of iij or iiij or 8 or tenne at the
most of the people of that countrie : whereof some to be ould
and the other yonge whome wee mynd shall not returne
agayne thither ; and thcrfore you shall have great care howe
you doe take them for avoidyng of offence towards them and
the contrie.

Lastlie we thincke it verie meete that you geve expresse
commaundement vnto the fyners and tryers of the oore that
they doe not dyscover the secreats of the riches of suche
moynes as by you shall be founde out vnto anie besids your
self and such others as to vou shall be thought fit should be
made acquaynted therwith for her M"^'* better service in
that behalf.

A T RUE RE P R T E

OF SUCH THINGS AS HAPNED IN THE SECOND VOYAGE

OF CAPTAYNE FROHYSIIER, PRETENDED FOR THE DIS-

COVERIE OF A NEW PASSAGE TO CATAYA, CHINA,

AND THE EAST INDIA, BY THE NORTH WEST.

ANNO DO. 1577.

Heyng furnished with one tall shippe of hir Majesties, named
y" Aydc, of two hundreth tunnc, and two other small barkes,
the one named the Gabriell, the other the Michael, about
thirtie tunne a peece, being fitlic appointed with men, muni-
tion, victuals, and all things necessary for the voyage, the
sayde Captayne Frobysher, with the rest of his compaiiie,
came aboorde his shippcs riding at l>lackwall, intending
(with God's help) to take y" first winde and tyde serving him,
the five and twentith day of May, in the yeare of oure Lorde
God, a thousande five hundred scventie and seavcn.

The names of such gentlemen as attempted this discoverio,
and the number of souldyourcs and mariners in each shippe
as followeth.

Boord the Ayde being Admirall, were y® number of one c
men of all sorts, whereof xxx or more were gentlemen and
souldyers, the rest sufl^iciente and tall saylors.

Aboorde the Gabriell being Vice-admirall, were in all 18
persons, whereof sixe were souldyers, the rest mariners.

Aboorde the Michaell were sixteene persons, whereof five
were souldyers, the rest mariners.

Aboorde the Ayde was : General of the whole company

122

TIIK SFX'ONI) VOVAGK

The num-
ber of men
ill this
vojBfie.
The con-
demned
men dis-
cbnrged.

for hir Majesty, Martin Frobisher; his Lieutenant, George
Best ; his Auncicnte, Richar. Philpot ; Corporal of y^ shot,
Frauncis Fordcr ; the rest of y" gentlemen, Henry Carew,
Edmund Stafford, John Lee, — Itarvie, Mathcw Kyncrslcy,
Abraham Lyns, Robert Kyncrsley, Frauncis Brackenburye,
William Armshow ; the Maystcr, Chrisofer Hall ; the Mate,
Charles Jackman ; the Pylottc, Andrew Dyer ; the M.
Gunner, Richard Coxe.

Aboorde the Gabricll was : Captayne, Edward Fenton ;
one gentleman, William Tamfield ; the Mayster, William
Smyth.

Aboorde the Michaell was: Captaine, Gilbert Yorke ; one
gentleman, Tho. Chambcrlaine ; the Mayster, James Beare.

On Whitsonday, being the 26 of May, anno 1577, earcly
in the morning we wayed ancker at Blackwall, and fell that
tyde downe to Gravesende, where we remayned untill
Monday at night.

On Monday morning the 27 of May, aboorde the Ayde
we receyved all the Communion, by the Minister of
Gravesende, and prepared us, as good Christians towardes
(jrod, and resolute men for all fortunes : and towards nightc
we departed to Tilburie Hope.

Tewsday the 28 of Maye, aboute nine of the clocke at
nighte, we arrived at Harwitch in Essex, and there stayed,
for the taking in of ccrtaine victualles, until Friday, being
the thirtith of May, during whyche tyme came letters from
the Lordes of the Counsell, strcightelye commaunding oure
Generall, not to exceede hys complemente and number ap-
poynted hym, whyche was, one hundred and twentye per-
sons : whereuppon he discharged many proper men, vhichc
wyth unwilling myndes departed.

He also dismissed all hys condemned men, whyche he
thoughte for some purposes verie needefull for the voyage,
and towardes nyghte upon Friday, the one and thirtith of
May, we setts sayle, and putte to seas agayne. And sayling

nol
lail
MJ
0)\

upl

OF MARTIN FKOniSHKK.

ia.j

silviM' i'diiikI
ia Uikuey.

northwarde alongst the cast coastes of Enijlandc and Scot- ■''•i«i\r'»t
lande, the scavtmth day of June, wee arrived in Saintc alpHrMlra
Magnus Soundc in Orckney Ilandes, called in Latine luu'ae,'"''
Orcades, and came to ancker on the south syde of the Bay.

Ileere oure companye goyng on hmdc, the inhabitants of
these ilandes beganne to flee, as from the euctnie, where-
uppon, the Lieutenante wylled everye man to staye togythcr,
and wente hymselfe unto theyr houses, to declare what wee
were, and the cause of oure oomming thyther, whyche
beeyng understoode, after their poore manner they friendly
entreated us, and brought us for oure money, sucli things
as they had. And heere our goldfynders found a mine of^'uvnoof
silver.

Orkney is the principall of the lies of Orcades, and
standcth in the latitude of 59 degrees and a halfe. The
countrey is much subject to colde, aunswcrable for suche a
climate, and yet yeeldeth some frutes, and sufficient mayn-
tenance for the people contented so poorely to live.

There is plentie ynough of poultrcy, store of egges, fishe,
and fowlc.

For theyr bread, they have oaten cakes, and theyr drinkc
is ewes milke, and in some partes ale.

Their houses are but poore without, and sluttish ynough
within, and the people in nature thereunto agreeable.

For theyr fire, they burne heath and turffe, the countrey
in most parts being voyde of woode.

They have greate wante of leather, and desire our olde
shoes, apparell, and old ropes (before money) for their
victuals, and yet are they not ignorant of the value of our
coine. The chiefe towne is called Kyrway.

In this iland hath bin sometime an abbey, or a religious sL'^ugmiB
house, called Saint Magnus, being on the west side of the ile, 8o""caiied. ^
whereof this sound beareth name, through whyche we passed.
Their Governeure, or chiefe lorde, is called the Lord Robert
Steward, who at oure being there, as wee understoode, was

Kyrway tlio
clii'3l towne

124

THK SKCONl) VOYAOK

lire (it
bndioH nf
tree» dryv-
in^' in tliu

KPIIB.

MoiistrouM
HhIi and
Htrantte
fowlo l,vvinf»
only h\ the

80R.

Wntpr being
biHcko and
smooth
8igniflelh
land lo be
nearo.

Islands of
ice.

Tlie firsle
syglit of
Kreeso-
lande.

in (I'lrancp at Edenhnrgli, by the Regent's (toinniaundomcnt
of Scotlande.

After we had provided U8 heere of matter sulKciente for our
voyage, the eyght of June we scttc saylc agaync,and passing
through Saint Magnus Soiinde, liaving a merrio windc by
night, caine clocre, and lost siglit of all the lande, and keep-
ing our course west-north-west by the space of two dayes,
the wind shifted upon us, so that we lay in traverse on
y" seas, with contrarie, making good (as neere as we could)
our course to the westward, and sometime to the northward,
as the winde shifted. And hcereabout we met with three
sayle of English fishermen from Iseland, bound homewardo,
by whome we wrote our letters unto our friends in England.
AVc traversed these seas by the space of 26 dayes, without
sight of any land, and met with much drift woode and whole
bodycs of trees. We saw many monsterous fishe, and strange
fowlc, whyche seemed to live only by the sea, being there so
ftirre distant from anye lande. At length, God favoured us
with more prosperous windcs, and after we haddc saylcd
foure dayes with good wind in the poupe, the fourtli of July
the Michaell (being formost a head) shotte off a peecc of
ordinance, and stroke all hir sayles, supposing that they
descryed land, whyclie by reason of the thicke mistcs, they
could not make perfit : howbeit, as wel our accompt, as also
the greate alteration of the water, whiche became more
blacke and smooth, dyd playnely declare we were not farre
off the coast. Our Gencrall sent his jNIaister aboorde the
Michaell (who had bin within the yeare before) to beare in
with the place, to make proofe thereof, who descried not the
lande perfect, but sawe sundrie huge ilands of ise, which
we deemed to be not past twelve leagues from the shore, for
about tenne of the clocke at night, being the fourth of July,
the weather being more cleere, we made the land perfect, and
knew it to be Freeseland. And the heigth being taken
heere, we founde oureselves to be in tlie latitude of 60

OP MARTIN FKOIilSHKU.

125

iiore

arre

the

tlio

degrees and a lialle, and were t'iiUcn with the southcrmost
parte of this hmd. bctwccuc Orkney and Frcesland arc
reckoned leagues.

Tiiis Freeseland slieweth a ragged and liigh hmdc.liaving
tlie niountaynes ahnost covered with snow alongst the coast
full of drift isc, and secmcth almost inaccessible, and is ,\j*^"Y,ej°''
thought to be an iland in bignesse not inferior to England,
and is called of some aiithours Weast Freeseland, 1 tiiinke,
byciiuse it lyeth more weast than anye part of Europe. It
extendeth in latitude to the northward, verie farrc as
seemed to us, and appcarcth by a description set out by
two brectlircn, Nicholaus and Antonius Genoa, who being
driven off from Ireland with a violent tempest, made ship-
wracke hecre, and were the first knowen Christians that
discovered this laiide, aboutc three hundred yeares sithcncc ;
and they have in their sea cardes set out everie part thereof,
and described the condition of the inhabitants, declaring
them to be as civill and religious people as we.^ And for so
much of this land as we have saylcd alongst, comparing
their carde with y'' coast, we find it very agreeable. This
coast seemetii to have good fishing, for we lying becalmed, kViwi o7"
let fall a hooke without anye bayte, and presently caught a "'""'''■
great fish called a hollibut, which served the whoJj com-
panie for a days meate, and is dangerous meate for sur-
fetting. And sounding about five leagues off from the shore,
our lead brought up in the tallow a kind of corall almost ^^,t h".''""*"
white, and small stones as bright as christall : and it is not ""'""""'f-
tc be doubted but that this land may be found very rich

' The brothers referred to are Niccolo ivnd Antonio Zeno, of Venice,
the former of whom, in 1380, ma^e a voyage to the north, and was driven
by a storm to the Faroe Islands, whence ho di^patci ed a letter to his
brother Antonio, urging him to find means to join hi.n, which he did. *
The account was published at Venice, in 1558, bv Francisco Marcolini,
a descendant of the Zcno, and was compiled from the fragments of letters
written by Antonio Zeno to Carlo, his brother. The Faroe Islands are
the " Friseland," here referred to.

THK SROOND VOYAGK

and bencficiall if it were throughly discovered, although

we saw no creature there but little birds. It is a marvellous

thing to behold, of what great bignesse and depth some

ilefl'onse'in ^l^Ji^^s of isc bc hecrc, some seventy some eighty fadome

wiilre'^iKMl'c''n undcr watcr, besides that which is above, seemyng ilands

supposed more than halfe a mile in circuitc. All these ise are in tast

to fioiiie.

freshe, and seeme to be bredde in the sounds thereabouts,
or in some land ncere the pole, and with the wind and tides
are driven alongst the coastes. We found none of these
islands of ise salt in taste, whereby appeareth they were not
The opinion congcaled of the ocean sea water, which is always salt, but

of til e

frciaen scih of somc Standing or little moving lakes or great fresh waters

is deatroyi^d

bycxpe- nccrc thc shore, caused cyther by melted snow from the
tops of mountains, or by continuall accesse of fresh rivers
from the land, and intermingling with y" sea water, bearing
yet the dominion (by the force of extreame frost) may cause
some part of salt water to freese so with it, and so seeme a
little brackish, but otherwise y" maine sea freeseth not, and
therefore there is no mare glaciale or frozen sea as the
opinion hitherto hath bin. Our general proved landing
here twice, but by y'' suddaine fall of mistes (whereunto this
coast is much subject) he was like to lose sight of his ships,
and being greatly endangered with the driving ise alongst
the coast, was forced aboord, and faine to surceasse his pre-
tence till a better oportunitie might serve : and having
spent four dayes and nights sailing alongst this land, find-
ing the coast subject to such bitter cold and continuall
mistes, he determined to spend no more time therein, but to
beare out his course towards y" streights called Frobishers
straights, after y' generals name^who being the firstc that
ever passed bcyonde fifty-eight degrees to the northwards,
for any thing hath bin yet knowen of certainty of New
found land, otherwise called y" continent or firme land of
America ; discovered y'' said streights this last yeare 1576,

Krobisiiera aiul hoocth that there wil be found a thorough passage into

OF MARTIN FROBISIIER.

121

the sea, which lieth on the back side of y*" said New found
land called 3Iarc Pacificum or Mare de Stir, by the which
we maye go unto Cataya, China, the East India, and all the
dominions of the Great Cane of Tartaria. Betweene Freese-
land and the straights we had one great storme, wherin
y* Michael was somewhat in danger, having hir steerage
broken and hir top mastes blowen over bord, and being not
past fifty leagues short of y" straightes by our accompt, we
strooke sayle and lay a hull, fearing the continuance of the
storme, the wind being at the northeast, and having lost
company of the barkes in that flaw of wind, we happily
mette againe the 17 day of July, having the evening before
scene divers ilandes of fleeting ise, which gave an argument
that we were not farre from land. Our Generall in y" morn-
ing from the maine top (y^ weather being reasonable clcere)
descried land, but to be better assured, he sent the two
barkes two contrarie courses, wherby they might descrie
either the south or north forlande, the Ayde lying oflf and
on at sea, with a small saile by an Hand of ise, whiche was
the marke for us to meete togither agayne. And abnute
noone, the weather being more clcere, we made the North
Forlande perfite, which otherwise is called Ilalles Hand, and
also the small ilande bearing the name ~)i the saide Hall,
whence the ore was taken uppe, whiche was broughte into
Englande this last yeare 1576, the said Hall being present
at the finding and taking up thereof, who was then maister
in the Gabriell withe Captayne Frobisher. At oure arrivall
heere, all the seas about this coast were so covered over with
huge quantitie of great ise that we thought these places
might only deserve the name of Mare Glacialc, and be called
the Isie Sea.

This North Forlande is thought to be devided from the
continente of the norther lande by a little sounde called
Halle's Sounde, whiche maketh it an iland, and is thoughte
little lesse than the ile of Wight, and is the firstc entrance of

The steer-
age of the
Miclmell
broken by
tempest.

riifi first
entrHiioe
of tlie
alriiights.

Hnlles
iliiiiil.

Tlie de-
spription
of the
stroyglites.

1^8

HE SECOND VOYAGE

No more
gold ori)
found ill
tlie fyrsl
ilande.

the streightes upon the norther side, and standeth in the
hititude of 62 degrees, ijo minutes, and is reckned from
Freescland Icdgues. God having blessed us wyth so
happie a lande fall, we bare into the streightes whyche runne
in next hande weast, and somewhat to the northwarde, and
came as neere the shoi-e as we mighte for the ise, and uppon
the eyghteenth day of July our Generall taking the gold
fynders with him, attempted to go on shore with a small
rowing pinnesse, upon the small iland where the ore was
taken up, to prove whether there were anyc store thereof to
be found, but he could not gette in all that iland a pecce so
bigge as a walnutt, where the firste was founde, so that it
may seeme a greate miracle of God, that being only one rich
stone in all the iland, the same should be found by one of
our countrymen, whereby it shoulde appeare, God's divine
will and pleasure is, to have oure common wealth encreased
with no lesse abundance of His hyden treasures and goldo
mynes than any other nation, and would that the fayth of
His Gospell and holy name should be published and en-
larged throughe all those corners of the earth, amongst these
idolatrous infidels. But oure men whiche sought the other
ilandes thereaboutes, found them all to have good store of
the ore, whereuppon our (jicnerall with these good tidings
retourned aboorde aboute ten of the clocke at night, and was
joyfully welcomed of the companie with a volie of shotte.
ERgesnnd Hc brou^fht cggcs, fowle, and a yona: scale aboord, which
the companie hadde killed ashore, and having founde upon
those ilandes ginnes set to catch fowle, and stickes new cut,
with other things, he well perceived that not long before
some of the countrey people had resorted thither. Having
therefore found these tokens of the peoples accesse in those
partes, and being in his firste voyage well acquainted with
their subtile and cruell disposition, he provided well for his
hotter safetie, and on Friday the ninteenth of July in the
morning early, with his best company of gentlemen and

Mt'tii In-
cognitn

hUHI'l'S SPt

to catch

birds

witball/

OF MAHTIN IKOBISHF.R.

129

souldioures to the number of fortie porsons, went on shoaro
aswell to discover the inlande and habitation of the people, as
also to fynd out some fittc harborowe for our shippes. And
passing towardcs the shoarc with no small difficultie, by
reason of the abundance of ise whiche lay alongest the
eoaste so thicke togither, that hardely any passage throughe
them might be discerned, we arrived at length upon the
maine of Halles greater iland, and founde there also, aswcl
as in the other small ilands, good store of the ore. And
leaving his boats here with sufHcient guarde passed up into
the countrey about two English miles, and recovered the top
of a high hill, on the top whereof our men made a columne
or crosse of stones heaped uppe of a good heighth togither
in good sorte, and solemnly sounded a trumpet, nnd said
ccrtaine prayers, kneeling aboute the ancient, and iionoured
the place by the name of Mount AVarwicke, in remembrance
of the Right Honorable the Lord Ambrose Dudley, Erie of
Warwick, whose noble minde and good countenaunce in this,
as in all other good actions, gave great encouragement and
good furtherance. This done, we retired our companies, not
seeing any thing here worth further discoverie, the countrie
seeming barren and full of ragged mountaincs, in most parts
covered with snow. And thus marching towards our boats,
we espied certaine of the countrey people on the top of
Mount Warwicke with a flag, wafting us backe againe, and
making great noise, with cries like the mowing of bulls,
seeming greatly desirous of conference with us : wheruppon
the General, being therewith better acquainted, answered
them again with the like cries, whereat, and with the noise
of our trumpets, they seemed greatly to rejoyce, skipping,
laughing, and dancing for joy. And hereuppon we made
signcs unto them, holding up two fingers, commanding two
of our men to go aparte from our companies, wherby they
might doe the like. So that forthwith two of oure menne
and two of theirs mette togither a goqd space from eompanie.

The build-
ing of H

CollllllII,

called
M.niiit Whi-
wick.

Tho first
si|,'lil of iho
countrie
peciple
wafting with
a tl,i({.

130

THK SECOND VOYAOK

The meet-
iiig apHrt of
two l''.ug-
lishiiieii
with two of
that oouii-
trie.

The onlcr
of their
trafllc.

Another
meeting of
two of our
men with
two of
tlielra.

neither partie having their weapons about them. Our men
gave them pinnes and pointes, and such trifles as they had.
And they likewise bestowed on our men two bowe cases,
and such things as they had. They earnestly desired oure
men to go uppe into their countrie, and our men offered
them like kindnesse abnordc oure shippcs, but neyther parte
(as it seemed) admitted or trusted the others curtesic. Their
manner of traffic is thus : they doe use to laye down of their
marchandise uppon the ground, so much as they meane to
parte withall, and so looking that the other partie, with
whome they make trade, shoulde doe the like, they them-
selves doe departe, and then, if they doe like of their marte,
they come againe, and take in exchange the others marchan-
dise, otherwise, if they like not, they take their owne and
departe. The day being thus well .leare spent, in haste we
retired our companies into our boates againe, minding forth-
with to searche alongst the coast for some harborowe, fittc
for our shippes ; for the present necessitie thereof was much,
considering that all this while they lay off* and on between
the two lands, being continually subject, as well to great
danger of fleeting yse, which environed them, as to the so-
dain flawes which the coast seemeth much subject unto. But
when the people perceived our departure, with great tokens
of affection they earnestly called us backe againe, following
us almost to our boates : whereuppon our generall taking
his maister with him, who was beste acquainted with their
maner, vrent apart unto two of them, meaning, if they could
lay sure holde upon them, forcibly to bryng them abord,
with intent to bestowe certain toycs and apparell upon the
one, and so to dismisse him with all arguments of curtesie,
and retaine the other for an interpreter. The generall and
his maister being met with their two companions togither,
after they hadde exchanged certaine thinges the one with the
other, one of the salvages for lackc of better marchandise,
cuttc oflf the taylc of his coato (which is a chiefe ornament

OF .MAKTIN I'ROmSHKK.

131

reat
so-

ing

among them) and gave it unto oiire general for a present.
But he presently upon a Avatchword given, with his maister
sodainely laid holde upon the two salvages. But the grounde
undcrfeete being slippcrie, with the snow on the side of the
hill, thire he ndfast fayled, and their pray escaping, ranne
awaye, and lightlyc recovered their bowe and arrowes,
which they had hid not farre from them behinde the rockes.
And being only two salvages in sight, they so fiercely, des-
perately, and with such furie assaulted and pursued our
generall and his maister, being altogither unarmed, and not I'lie Kng

linliineii

I to
boats.

mistrusting their subtil ities, that they chased them to their ''"'^"^

" 'J their b

boats, and hurte the generall in the buttocke with an arrow,
who the rather speedily fled backe, bycause they suspected
a greater number behind y® rocks. Our soldiers (which wer
commanded before to keepe their boates) perceiving the
danger, and hearing our men calling for shot, came speedily
to rescue, thinking there had bin a more number. But
when y® salvages heard y"^ shot of one of our calivers, and
yet (having first bestowed their arrows) they ran away, our
men speedily folowing them. But a servante of my Lorde
of Warwickes, called Nicholas Conyer, a good footeman, and
uncumbred with anyc furniture, besides a dagger at his
backe, ovcrtooke one of them, and being a Cornishman, and one of that

o ' couiitrimeu

a good wrastler, shewed his companion such a Cornishe "''^^"•
tricke, that he made his sides ake against the grounde for a
moncth after. And so being stayed, he was taken alive, and
brought away, but the other escaped. Thus with their
straunge and newe praye, our men repaired to their boates,
and passed from the maine to a small iland of a myle com-
passe, where they resolved to tarrie all night, for even now
a sodainc storme was grown so great at sea, that by no
iMoans they coulde recover their ships. And here every
man refreshed himseife with a small portion of victualles,
whiche was laide into the boates for their dinners, having
neither rate nor drunke all the daye before. But bycause

iv 2

132

THK SKCOND VOYAGK

The Ai.lo
Bflt on lire.

The great
ti«ii(/er of
those rocks
uf ise.

they knewe not howe long the storme might laste, nor how
far off the ships might be put to sea, nor whether they should
ever recover them againe or not, they made great spare of
their victiialles, as it greatly behoved them. For they knew
ful wcl, that the beste cheare the countrey coulde yeelde
them, was golden rockes and stones, a harde foode to live
withall, and the people more readie to eate them, than to
give them where witball to eate. And thus keeping veric
good watche and warde, they lay there al night upon harde
cliffes of snowe and ise, both wettc, cold, and comfortlesse.

These things thus hapning with the company on lande,
the danger of the shippes at sea was no lesse perilous. For
within one houre after the generalls departing in y'' morn-
ing, by negligence of the cooke in over heating, and the
workman in making the chimney, the Aide was set on fire,
and had bin the confusion of the whole, if by chauncc a boye
espying it, it hadde not bin speedily with great labour and
Gods helpe well extinguished.

This day also, were diverse stormes and flawes, and by
nine of the clocke at night the storme was growen so great,
and continued suche vintill the morning, that it putte our
shippes at sea in no small peril, for having mountaines of
fleeting ise on every side, we went romer for one, and loofed
for another, some scraped us, and some happily escaped us,
that the least of all of them were as dangerous to strike as any
rocke, and able to have split asunder the strongest shippe of
the worlde. Wee had a scope of cleare withoute ise (as God
would), wherein we turned, beyug otherwise compassed on
everye side about, but so much was the winde, as so little
was our sea room, that being able to bcare only our fore-
coast, we cast so oft about, that we made fourtecne hordes
in eight glasses running, being but foure houres : but God
being our best steresman, and by y" industry of Charles
Jackman and Andrew Dyer, then maisters mates, both very
expert mariners, and iiichard Cox, the maister gunner, with

OF MAKTIN FKOBISHEU.

133

other very carefull saylors, then within bordc, and also by mkIii with.
the helpc of y" clearc nii'lits winch are without darkenesse, i'i'i'»t

' ■' countrey.

we did happily avoyde those present daungcrs, whereat
since we have more marvelled than in the present daunger
feared, for tha^ every man within horde, both better and
worse, had ynough to doc, with his handcs to hale ropes,
and with his eyes to lookc out for daunger. But the nexte
morning, being the "0 of July, as God would, the storme
ceasedj and the general espying the shippes with his newe
captive and whole companie, came happilye aborde and re-
ported what hadde passed a shoare, whereupon, altogither
upon our knees, gave God humble and hartie thankes, for
that it hadde pleased him, from so speedy peril to send us
such specdie deliverance, and so from this norther shoare
we stroke over towards the southerland.

The one and twentieth of July, we discovered a bay,
which raiMie into the lande, that seemed a likely harborow om- iiiHi«

coiniiiMig

for our shippes, wherefore our general rowed thither with °",',',',eHaii.i
hys boates, to make proofe thereof, and with his goldfinders straigia/j!"
to searche for ore, having never assayed anye thing on the
south shoare as yet, and the first small iland whiche we
landed on, here all the sands and cliftes did so glister and
had so bright a marquesite, that it seemed all to be golde, /

but upon tryal made, it proved no better than blacke leade Amyneof
and verified the proverb — All is not golde that shineth.

Upon the two and twentieth of July, we bare into the
sayd sounde, and came to anker a reasonable bredth off the
shoare, M'here, thynking our selves in good securitie, we
were greatly endangered with a peece of drift ise, which the
ebbe brought forth of the soundes, and came thwart us ere
we were aware. But the gentlemen and souldicrs within
horde, taking great paynes at this pinche at the capstone,
overcame the most daunger thereof, and yet for all that
might be done, it stroke on our sterne such a blowe, that we
feared least it had stryken away our rudder, and being forced

TIIK SECOND VOYACK

tlupkniiins
^•ouml.

SioitliB
Hand.

The f)iiJ-
iiig ot 1111
uiiicdi'iiea
honif .

to cut our cable in the hawse, were fayne to set our forcsaile
to runne further up within, and if our sterage had not bin
stronger, than in the present time, we feared we had runne
the shippc upon the rocks, having a very narrowe channcll
to turne in; but, as God woulde, al came well to passe. And
this was named Jackmans Sounde, after the name of the
niaistcrs mate, who had first liking unto the place.

Upon a small ilande, within this sound, called Smiths
Hand (byc;\use he first set up his forge there), was founde a
mync of silver, but was not wonne out of the rockes without
great labour. Here our goldfyndcrs made saye of suchc ore
as they founde uppon the Northerlande, and founde foure
sortes thereof to holde golde in good quantitie. Upon an-
other small iland here was also founde a great deade fishe,
whiche, as it should sceme, had bin embayde with ise, and
was in proportion rounde like to a porpose, being about
twelve footc long, and in bignesse answerable, havyng a
borne of two yardes long growing out of the snoute or nos-
trels. This home is wreathed and strayte, like in fashion
to a taper made of waxe, and maye trueiy be thoughte to be
the sea Unicorne. 'J'his borne is to be scene and reserved
as a jewel, by the Queens majesties commandement in hir
wardrop of robes. The form whereof is here set down.

Tewsday, the three and twentyth of July, our general
with his best company of gentlemen, souldicrs and saylers,
to the number of seaventie persons in all, marched with
aunciento displaydc uppon the continent of the Southerlande
(the supposed continent of America), where, commandyng
a trumpet to sounde a call for every man to repayre to the
auncient, he declared to the whole company, how much the
cause imported, for the service of hir majestic, our countrey,
our credites, and the safetie of our own lives, and therefore
required every man to be conformable to order and to be
directed by those he shoulde assignc. And appointed for
leaders, C'aptainc Fcnton, ('ii[)l;iiii Yorke, and his lieutenant,

vni

lit

Ol' MAKTIN FROHISHEU.

135

George Bcstc ; whichc done, we cast our selves into a ring,
and altogither uppou ourc knees, gave God humble thankes,
for that it had pleased him of his grcate goodnesse in pre-
serving us from such imminent dangers, to bestow so great
and hidden treasures upon us his poore and unworthye ser-
vants, beseeching likewise the assistance of his holy spirite
so to deliver us in saftie, into our countrey, whereby the
light and truth of these secretes being known, it might re-
bound to the more honor of his holy name, and consequently
to the advancement of our common wealth. And so, in as
good sorte as the place suffered, we marched towardes the
tops of the mountains, which were no lesse painful in clym-
ing, than dangerous in descending, by reason of their steepe-
nesse and ise. And having passed about five miles by such
unweldie wayes, we returned unto oure ships, without sighte
of any people, or likelyhoode of habitation. Here diverse
of the gentlemen desired oure general to sufler them to the
number of twentie or thirtie persons, to marche up thirtic or
forty leagues in the eountrie, to the cndc they mighte dis-
cover the inlande, and do some acceptable service for their
cDuntrey. But he not contented with the matter he sought
for, and well considering the short time he had in hande, and
the greedie desire our countrey hath to a present savour and
retourne of gaync, bent his whole indevour onely to finde a
mine, to fraight his ships, and to leave the reste (by God's
help) hereafter to be well accomplished. And therefore the
twentie sixte of Julye he departed over to the Northlandc
with the two barkes, leaving the Ayde riding in Jackmans
Sound, and ment (after he had founde convenient harborowe,
and fraight there for his shippes) to discover further for the
passage. The barkes came the same night to anker in a
sound, upon the Northerland, where the tydes did runne so
swifte, and the place so subject to indraftcs of ise, that by
reason thereof they were greatly endangered, and having
founde a very rich myne, and got almostc twentie tunne of

THK SECOND VOYAOK

Ileiirs
Honiiil.

Lecester
Hand.

A tombe
witli ft dend
niRtis bi>nes
ill it, I'ouiid
Bt (letjreea
III laiitude.

Bridles,
knives, imd
oilier iii-
piiiimeiiU
found hid
iiinuiig tlio
rocks.

ore togitlicr, upon the 28 of July, the ise come driving into
the Sounde wlicre the b.irkes road, in such sort, that they
were therewith greatly distressed. And the Gabtiill riding
asternc the Michacll, had hir cable gauldc asunder in the
hawse, with a peece of driving ise, and lost another anker,
and having but one cable and ancker lefte; for she has lostc
two before, and the ise still driving uppon hir, she was (by
Gods helpc) wel fenced from the daunger of the rest, by one
great iland of ise which came a grounde hardc a heade of hir,
■which, if it had not so chaunced, I think, surely she had bin
cast upon the rockes with the ise. The Michael niored
ancker upon this great ise, and roade under the lee therof :
but about midnight, by the weyght of it selfe, and the setting
of the tydes, the ise brake within halfe the barke's length,
and made unto the companie within bord, a sodaine and
fearefuU noyse. The next flounde tovvarde the morning we
weyed ancker and went further uppe the straightes, and
leaving our ore behinde us which we had digged, for hast,
left the place by the name of Beares Sound, after the mas-
ters name of the Michael, and named the iland Lecesters
Iland. In one of the small ilands here, we founde a tombe,
wheriji the bones of a dead man lay togither, and our savage
being with us and demanded (by signes) whether his coun-
treymen had not slain this man and eat his flesh so from the
bones, he made signes to the contrarie, and that he was slain
with wolves and wilde beastes. Here also was founde hid
under stones good stoare of fish, and suudrie other things of
the inhabitants : as sleddes, bridles, kettels of fishe skinnes,
knives of bone, and such other like. And our savage de-
clared unto us the use of all those things. And taking in
his hand one of those countrey brydels, he caughte one of
our dogges, and hamprcd him handsomely therein, as we do
our horses, and with a whip in his hande, he taught the
dogge to drawe in a sledde, as we doe horses in a coutche,
setting himselfe thercuppon like a guide ; so that we might

se
A

d(.
in

OK MARTIN FKOIIlSlli:il.

13-;

111

do
lie

IC,

lit

see, they use tlogges for that purpose, as we doc our horses. |J|l'«7t"''"
Ami we founde since by experience, that the lesser sortc of lirKw^ielu
docrges they feede fat, and keene them as donic^sticall cattel i1"K'< mr

, , . . tli.'lr meiile,

in their tentes, for their eating, and the greater sort serve
for the use of drawing theyr sleds.

The twcntie ninth of July, about five leagues from Beare's ,'||",|(„Bge,
Sound, we discovered a bay, which being fenced on cche "'"'
side with small ilandes, lying of the mayne, wliych break
the force of the tydes, and make the place free from any in-
draftes of yse, did prove a very fitte harborow for our ships,
where we came to anker under a small iland, whiche now
togither witii the sound, is called by the name of that right
honorable and vertuous lady, Anne, Countesse of Warwicke.
And this is the furthest place that this yeare we have entred
uppe within the streyghtcs, and is reconcd from the cape of
the Queen's forelande, which is the entrance of the streights,
not above 30 leaifucs. Upon this ilande was found ^ood store Thirtie
of the ore, which in the washinjir helde i?olde plainly to be t'l^"!-''!

' o o I J within till)

seen: whereupon it was thoughte besle rather to loade here, '^'■"*3"«'»-
where there was store and indifferent good, than to seek
further for better, and spend time with jeopardie. And
therefore oure generall setting the myners to worke, and
shewing fyrste a i^ood president of a painefuU labourer and a u...hi

, , . , prpsiilent

a good captaine in himselfe, gave good examples for others ;^_[ "'^^"°g
to i'ollow liiin : whereuppon every man, both better and ('.'.^("lU*!,"^
worse, with their best endevors, willingly laide to their help-
ing handes. And the nexte daye, being the 30 of July, the
Michaell was sente over to Jackmans Sounde for the Ayde
and whole companie to come thither. Upon the maine lande
over against the Countesse's Iland, we discovered and be-
helde to our ^I'^at marvell, the poor caves and houses of '''« """"'■
tliose countrie people which serve them (as it shoulde seem) \'"Z^eom!-
for their winter dwellings, and are made two fadome under "^'^'
grounde, in compasse rounde, like to an oven, being joyned
iast one by another, having holes like to a fox or eonny

138

THE 8RC0N1) VOYAOR

Ikiiii'B MHnd
itiHtcnil of
timber.

The glut-
tiahnesse
(if lliose
people.

A Hi ftio set
U|> by the
BHViige cup-
ti\9,iiml the
inuiiiiiiig
theri'of.

beiric, to kcepe and come to{i[ither. They under- trcncli
these places with gutters, so that the water falling from
the hills above them, may slide away without their anoiancc,
and are seated commonly in the foote of a hil, to shicldc
them better from the colde winds, having their dorc and
entrance ever open towardcs the south.

. From the ground upward they builde with whales bones,
for lacke of timber, whiche, bending one over another, arc
handsomely compacted in the toppc togither, and are covered
over with scales' skinnes, whiche instead of tiles, fcnccth them
from the rayne. In cache house they have only one roome,
having the one halfc of the floure raysed with broad stones
a foote higher than y" other, whereon strawing mosse, they
make their nests to sleepe in. They defile these dennes
most filthylie with their beastly feeding, and dwell so long
in a place (as we thinke), untill their ownc sluttishnesse
lothyng them, they are forced to seeke a sweeter ayrc and a
new seatc, and are (no doubt) a dispersed a..d wandring
nation, as the Tartarians, and live in hords and troupes,
withoutc anye certayn abode, as may appeare by sundry
circumstances of our experience. Here our captive being
ashore with us, to declare y'' use of such things as we saw,
stayd himselfc alone behind the company, and did set up
five small stickes round in a circle, one by another, with one
smal bone placed just in y'' middst of all: which thing when
one of our men perceived, he called us backc to behold
y*^ matter, thinking that he had meant some charme or
witchcraft therin. But y" best conjecture we could make
thereof, was, that he would thereby his countreymen should
understand y"^ for our five men which they betrayed the last
yeare (whom he signified by y'' five sticks) he was taken and
kept prisoner, which he signified by y" bone in y*" midst.
For aflerwardes, when we shewed him the picture of his
countreyman, which y" last yeare was brought into England
(whc^e counterfet \vc had drawne, with boaie, and other fur-

OK MARTIN FR()UI>HKH.

130

niture, both as he was in his own, and also in English aparell)
he was upon the suddaync muchc amazed therat, and bc-
hoMing advisedly the same with silence a good while, as
thougli he would streync courtesie whcthci* shoulde begin
y" speech (for he thoughte him no double a lively creature)
at length, began to question with him, as with his com-
panion, and finding him dummc and mute, seemed to sus-
pect him, as one disdayniul, and would with a little help
have growen into choller at the matter, until at last by feel-
ing and handling, he foundc him but a deceiving picture.
And then with great noyse and crye^', ceased not wondering,
thinking that we couldc make menne live or die at our
pleasure.

And thercuppon calling the matter to hys remembrance,
he gave us plainely to understande by uignes, that he had
knowledge of the taking of our five men the last yeare, and
confessing the manner of eche thing, numbrcd the five men
upon his five fingers, and poyntcd unto a boate in our ship,
which was like unto that wherein our men were betrayed.
And when we made him signes that they were slaine and
eaten, he earnestly denied, and made signes to the contrarie.

The last of July, the Michael retourncd with the Aijcle to
us from the Southerlande, and came to anker by us in the
Countesse of Warwicks Sounde, and reported that since we
departed from Jackmans Sound, there happened nothing
among them there greatly worth the remembraunce, until
the thirtieth day of July, when certaine of our companie
being ashore upon a small iland within the said Jackmans
Sound, neare the place where the Ayde roade, didde espie
a long boate with divers of the countric people therein, to
the number of eightecnc or twentie persons, whom so soone
as oure men perceived, they retourned speedily aboorde, to
give notice therof unto our companie. They might perceive
these people climbing up the toppe of a hill, where, with a
flaggc, they wafted unto our shippc, and made great oul-

I'Ik) HHVa^e

iiinii/.oil nt
liJH riillll-
tri'MiiiiiiH
|ik'turu.

Aniilher
slie* of
tweiitii- |)Br-
sons of thai
cotint.j ii^ in
Olio boftte.

Tin; SKCOND VOYAGK

cries and noises, like so many bulls. Here uppon o'w men
did presently man forth a small skilf, liaving not above sixe
or seaven persons therein whichc rowed neare the place
where those people were, to prove if they could have any
conference with them. But after, this small boate was scnte
a greater, beoyng well appoyiitcd for their rescue, if neede
required.

As soone as they csj)icd our companye comming neare
them, they tookc their boates and hasted awaye, cither for
feare, either else for pollicie, to drawe our men from rescue
further within their danger : wherefore our men construing
tlieir comming thither was but to seeke advaunta^e, followed
speedily after them, but they rowed so swii'tly away that our
men could come nothing neare them. Howbeit they failed
not of their beste endeavour in rowing, and having chased
them above two myles into the sea, returned into their
shippes againe'.

The morning following, being the first of August, Cap-
tainc Yorke, with the MichoeU,c\\mv into Jackman's Sound,
and .eclared unto the company there, that the laste night's
past, he came to anker in a certainc baye (which sithens
was named Yorkes Sounde), aboutc fourc leagues distant
fron: Jackmans Sound, being putte to lewarde of that place
f(M- lacke of winde, where he discovered certainc tents of the
e(/untrie people, where going with his companye ashoare,
he entred into them, but founde the peopl(^ departed, as it
siioulde seem, for feare of their connnins'. lUit amonn;est
sundrie straunge things whichc in these tentes they founde
there was rawe and ncwe killed lleshe of unknown sortes,
witii dead carcasses and bones of dogs, and I know not
what. They also beheld (to their greatest marvaile) a
dublet of canvas, made after the Englishe fashion, a shirt, a
girdle, three shoes for contraric feete and of unequal big-
wiiicii.. 111.- in-y^t- which they well eoniecturcd to be the apparell of our

WITfl till'

fii|ilive.

Yorkes
fiouiules.

'Ihn lip-
(uirell
foimdi'
HKiiiiie 111'
nin'e IltiK

liilllMlllll

ni(

wiTfliHk.M 1^^.^, jn„,,.,, (.((iiiitiicincii wliirhc wcic inlcriepted the laste

OK MARTIN I'KOIMSHKR,

141

t's

'IIS

ant

ICC

:ic

est

OS,

lOt

;i
a

>tf

yearc by those countiic people, ahoutc; fil'tye leagues froni
this place further within the straightcs. Wherupon, our
men being in good hope that some of them might be here,
and yet living, .he captaine devising for the best, lefte his
mind behind liim in writing with pen, yncke, and paper also,
whereby our poore captive countriemen, if it niighte come
to their handes, mightc knowe their friendo nindcs, and '^ «'«"• •'«

" vice o ( n|i-

of their arrival!, and likewise rctourne their answer. And '^■■""'' ^ "'''''•
so without taking any thing away in their t< iitcs, leaving
there also looking glasses, pointer, and other of our toyes
(the better to allure them by such friendly means) departed
aboorde hys barke, wyth intent to make haste to the Aijde,
to give notice unto tlu^ conipanye of all such things as Ik;
had there discovered : and so ment to rcfi iie to these tents
againc, hoping, that ho might by u.-cc or policie cntrappe
or entice the people to some friendly conference. Which
things, when he had delivered to the company there, they
determined forthwitli to goe in hande with the matter,
llereuppon Caytaine Yorkc, with the maister of the Aydc
and his mate (who, the nigiit before, had bin at the tents,
and came over from the other side in tiie Mirlxtell with him)
being accompanied with divers of the gentlemen and soul-
diers, to the number of .SO or 40 persons, in two small rowing
pinnesses, made towardes the place where the night before
they discovered the tents of those people, and, setting Charls
•lackman, being the master mate, ashor with a convenient
number over lande, mcning to compasse them on the one
side, whilst the captaine with his boats might entrap them
(in the other side. Hut binding at last at y'' place wh«Me the
night before they left them, they found them with their
tents removed. Notwithstanding, our men which marched
up into y'" countrie, passing over two or three tedious
mountains, by chance espied certainc tentes in a valley
underneath them ncare unto a cre^ke by the sea side,
Nvhiclie, bycause it was not the place where the guide had

142

THK SKCOND VOYAOK

bin the night before, thoy judged them to be another com-
pany, and besetting them about, determined to take them if
hHve''bo"ar '^'^y could. But they having quickly descried our companie,
liKm-HsZ launched one great and another small boate, being about 16
The iiiK- or 18 persons, and very narrowly escaping, put themselves
rh!""peo- ^^ ^^^- ^V'hereupon our souldiers discharged their calivers and
ciuutrey*' followcd them, thinking the noise thcrof being hearde to our
boats at sea, our men there woulde make what speede they
might to that place. And therupon, indcede, our men whichc
were in the boats (crossing uppon them in the mouth of the
1 lie swill sounde, whereby their passaL'e was let from getting sea
Uiusepeo- j-QQmQ^ wherein it had bin impossible for us to overtake them
by rowing) forced them to put themselves ashore upon a
point of lande within the said sound (which upon the occa-
Pohit"'"'^ sion of the slaughter there was since named the Bloudie
Point) whereunto our men so speedily followed, that they
hadde little leysure lefte them to make any escape. But so
soone as they landed, eche of them brake his oare, thinking
by that meanes to prevent us in carying awaye their boates
for want of oares. And desperately retorning upon our
men, resisted them manfullye in their landing, so long as
Allot ekir- theyr arrows and dartes lasted: and, after gatherinc: up those
'i:u^\Lu'mi>\ fii'i'ows which our men shot at them, yea, and plucking our
omuire/.'"'^ arrowes out of their bodies, encountred afresh againe, and
maintained their cause, until both weapons and life utterly
failed them. And when they founde they were mortaliy
i-iltenrturo wouudcd, bciug iguoraut what mercy meaneth, with deadly
furic they cast themselves headlong from off the rocks into
the sea, least perhaps their enemies shoulde receive glory or
prayc of their dead carcasses ; for they supposed us be
like to be canibalcs, or eaters of mans flesh. In this con-
flict one of our men was dangerouslie hurt in the bellie with
one of their arrowes, and of them were slayne five or sixc.
The rest by flight escaped among the rockes, saving two
women, whereof the one being old and ougly, our men

YiMkcs
Suuiul.

of tllOHO

peoiile.

OV MAKTIN P"K0I!ISH?;K.

143

y
ly

be;
n-
th
.c.

■11

thought she had bin a divell or some witch, and therefore
let her go: the other being yong, and coinbred with a suck-
ing childe at hir backe, hiding herselfc behinde the rocks,
was espied b_, one of oure men, who, supposing she had bin ll"^^^^\'"!''
a man, shot through the hearc of hir head, and pierced "'M','.i''ii!i.
through the child's armc, whereupon she cried out, and was
taken, and our surgeon, meaning to heale hir child's arme,
applyed salves therunto. But, she not acquainted with such kin^of'sur-
kiiide of surgerie, plucked those salves aN-ay, and, by con- Nu'iur""''

,,,.,. •II- 1 iM I achiith.

tinuall hcking with hir own tongue, not much unlike our
dogges, healed uppe the child's arme. And bycauso the
daye was well neare spent, oure menne made haste unto the
restc of oure companic, which on the other side of the water
remained at the tents, where tiieye founde by the apparell,
letter, and other English furniture, that they were the same
companye whiche Captaine Yorkc discovered the night be-
fore, having removed themselves from the place where he
left them. And now considering their sodaine flying from
our men, and their desperate manner of fighting, we begannc
to suspect that we hadde already heard the lastc newes of
our men, whiche the lastc ycare were betrayed of these peo-
ple. And considering, also, their ravenesse and bloudy dis-
position in eating anye kindc of rawe flesh or carrion,
howsoever stinking, it is to be thoughte that they had slaine
and devoured oure men. For the doublet whiche was
founde in their tentes had many therein, being made with
their arrowes and darts.

But njwe the night beinge at hande, our men with their
captives and suche poore stufic as they found in their tentes,
returned towardes their shippes ; when being at sea there
arose a sodaine flawc of winde, which was not a little dan-
gerous for their small boates. But, as God would, they
came all safely aboorde. And with these good newes they
retourned (as before mentioned) into the Countesse of War-
wicks Sound, unto us, and bctweene Jack mans Sound,

144

rilK HKCONl) VOVAfiK

'riif iinr-
riiwiiMt |iIh(10

lift III!

iitriii|{lit(!><

tH It l«H|{UOH

over.

'Ilin

QiimilliiH

Tilt! iiiiiiiiiiir
of ilin iiirut-

lll({ 111' jc
IW(l rll|itiveH
iimi llii'ir

lllitMllllJII.

iiiiiiil.

from whence they came, aiid the Couiitenso ol VVarwicks
Sound, hetwecne land and land, Ix'inj^c thouj^hle tlie nar-
rowest place of tlie straigiitcs were judi((;d nine leagues over
at leaste : and Jacknians Sounde being uppon the Southcr-
landc, lyeth directlyc almoste over againste the Countesses
Sound, as is r(;ckned, scarce thirty leagues within the
straightes from the (iueenes Cape, which(; is the entrance
of the Straightes of Southerland, being the supposed conti-
nent of America. This fJape being named (,iu(;en<; Eliza-
brths (/'aj)e, standeth in the latitude ol degrees and a

halfe to tlu; noilhward';s ol' Nf.vvefoiind lande, and ui)p()n
the same continent, for any thing that is yet knowen to the
contraric.

Having now got a woman captive; for tin; comfort of our
man, wc brought them both togither, and ev<!ry man with
silence desired to beholde the manner of their meeting and
entertainment, the whiche was more worth the beholding
than can be well expreKS(;d by writing. At theyr first en-
countering, they beheldc cache the oth(;r very wistly a good
space, withoute speeche or worde uttered, with gKiate
change of coloure and countenant (;, as though it seemed the
grcefe and disdeyne of their captivitie had taken away the
use of their tongui s and utterance : the wf)man at the iirst
verie suddaynely, as though she di-^deyned or regarded not
the man, turned away and beganne to ing, as though she
mind(;d another matter: i)ut ])eing agayne broughte to-
gyther, the man brake up tlu; silence first, and with stcrno
and stayed eoimtenancc beganne to tell a long solemne tale

to th

ito si

le woman, wliereunto slie gav(; good hearing, an

id int

cr-

rupted him nothing till he had finished, and, afterwards
being growcn into more familiar aetiuaintance by speech,
were turned togither, so that (I think) the one would hardly
have lived without the comfort of the other. And, for so
muche as wo could perceive, albeit they liv(!d continually
togither, yet did they never use as man and wife, though

OK MAK'l'IN lUOIilSIIKK.

14 f)

the woman spared not to do all nocossario thinf^s that apper-
toyncd to a good huswife indifTerently for them both, as in
niakinf^ ehane their cabin, and every other thing that ap-
perteyned to his ease: for when hee was seasicke, shec would
make him cleane, slie would kill and flea y" dogges for their
eating and dresse his meat(!. Only I thinke it worth tlu;
noting the eontinencie of them both; for the man would
never shiftc himsclfe, except he had firstc caused the woman
to depart out of his cabin, and th(!y botli were most shame-
fast least anye of their privie parrs should be discovered,
cythcr of themselves or any oth(!r body.

On Monday, the sixth of August, the lieutenante, wyth
all the souldyers, for the b(;tter garde of the niyners, and the
other things ji shoare, pitched their tents in the Countesses
Ilandc, and fortified th(! place for their better defence as well
as they could, and were to the number of forty persons:
when being all at labour they might perceyve uppon tlu;
toppe of a hill over against them a number of the eountrey
people wafting with a flagge and making great outcries unto
them, and were of the same companie wliiehe had encountred
lately our men u[)oii the same shoare, being come to com-
playne their late losses and to entreatc (as it seemed) for
restitution of the woman and chylile, vvhyche our men in the
late conflict had taken and brought away: whereup[)on t'u;
generall taking the savage captive with him, and setting the
woman where they mighte best perceyve liir, in the highest
pl.iee of the ilande, wente over so talk with them. Thys
captive at the fyrstc; encountrie of hy.s liiends, fell sf) out
into 'vares, that he could not speake a wordf; in a greate
space; ; but, after a while, overcomming his kyndnesse, lu.e
talked at lull wyth hys cornpanyons, and bestowed fri(;ndly
iippon them suche toyes and trifles as we had gyven him,
whereby we noted that they are verie kynde one to the
other, and greatly sorrowlull loi the loss ol' th( ir friendes.
Oure generall by signes reejuyied his five men '.vhych'' they

riiq Hlinrrifi

tllHitH'MHPi

mill nliiiKll'
lln ol lliiiMii

MUVIIK>'
l'n|ltlVL'H,

ii|>|i»nrriiii'n
»f iljiit
niiiiij|.rio
liciiplc

I4(>

IIIK SKCON'I) VnYA(iK

'I'llOHC, JlOO-

pin know

llll! IIHU of

A Inlter

NCIll. lO tlltt

llvi! I':rif;-

liVOH.

{i)()]i captive tli(' last ycaio, and jjioniised tlictn not only to
i(;loaHsc tliosc whyche hcc iiadde taken, but also to reward
them wyth greate giftcs and fVicndsliij). Our savage made
signes in answere from them, that cure men shouhlc be de-
lyvred us, and were yet living, and made signes lykewisc
unto us, that wee shoulde write oure letters unto them ; for
they knewc very well the use we have of writing, and re-
eeyved knowledge thereof, eyther of oure poore captive
countreymen whyche they betrayed, or else by thys oure
newe captive who hathe scene us dayly write and rcpeate
agayne such wordes of hys language as we desired to Icarne:
!,.it they, for thys nyght, bycause it was late, departed with-
out any letter, although they called earnestlie in haste for
the same. And the nexte mornyng earelie, beeyng the
seaventh of August, they called agayne for the letter,
whyche beeyng delyvred unto them, they speedily departed,
making signes wyth three fingers, and poyntyng to the
sunne, that they meante to returne wythin three dayes, un-
tyil whyche tyme we heardc no more of them : and, aboute
th(! tynie appoynted, they returned in suche sorte as you
shall afterwardcs heare.

Thys nyghte, bycause the people were very ncerc unto us,
the lieutenant caused the trumpet to soundc a call, and
'..vcrie man in the ilande repayring to the auntiente, he patt(;
them in mynde of the ])lace so farre from theyr countrey
wherein they lived, and the danger of a multitude whyche
they were subject unto, if good watche and warde were
not kcptc; for at everie lowe water the enimie myghtc come
almost dryfoote from the maync unto us, wherefore hee
wylled cverye man to prepare hym in good readynesse
uppon all soddayne occasions, and so giving the watch their
charge, the company departed to rest.

I thought the captaynes letter well worth the rcmembring,
not for the circumstance of curious cnditing, but for the
.substance and good meaning therein rontavned, and there-

Ol' MARTIN rKOIlISHEK.

147

fore have repeated hccre the same, as by himselfe it was
hastilic written.

THE KORMK OF MAHTIN t KOIJISllKKS I.KITKR TO THI.
UNOLISHK CAI'TIVKS.

In tlie name of God, in whom we al beh;ve, who, I trust,,
hath preserved your bodyes and souls amongst these infidels,
I eommend me unto you. I will be glad to seekc by all
meanes you can devise, for your deliverance, eyther with
force or with any commodities within my shiopcs, which I
will not spare for your sakes, or anything else I can do for
you. I have aboord of theyrs a man, a woman, and a childc,
which I am contented to deliver for you; but the man I
carried away from hence the laste yeare, is dtad in Eng-
land. Moreover, you may declare unto them, tliat if they
deliver you not, I wyll not leave a manne alive in their
countrcy. And thus unto Ciod, whome 1 trust you do serve,
in haste I leave you, and to him we will dayly pray for you.
This Tuesdayc morning, the seaventh of August, anno 1577.
Yours to the uttermost of my power,

Mahtin Fuojwshkk.

I have sent } ou by these bearers, pennc, incke, and paper, I'-BiRoript
to write backe unto me agayne, if persr)nally y'^>u can not
come to certifyc me of your estate.

Now, had the generall altered his determination for going
any further into the straights at this time, for any further
discoverie of the passage, having taken a man and a woman
of that countrey, whiche he thought sufficientc for the use
of language; and having also metleM'yth these jxople heere,
uliich intercepted his men the last yeare (as the apparell and.
Ilnglishe furniture whiche was found in their tentes very
well declared), he knewe it was but laliour lost to seeke
them further off, when he had found them there at hand.
And considering, abo, the short*' lini' lu li;ul in handc, lu'

riic ciiuBf

why I'ro-
IjikIii r (iii-
lr>:ii iio Inr-
tli<r wlltilii
ym riiii^'hti^B
tliiB jeiirn.

148

THE SK(!()N1) M»YA(;K

Hulwurki'

Tlii'lr kiiiM
( ilchoe.

Iliiw lie IB
liDiKiurecl.

thouglito it best to bend his whole cndcvour for the getting
of myne, and to leave the passage further to be discovered
hereafter. For his commission directed hym in this voyage
only for the searching of the gold ore, and to deferre the
further discouverie of the passage untill another tyme.
. On Thurseday, the ninth of August, we beganne to make
a small fort for our defence in the Countesse Hand, and en-
trenched a corner of a cliffe, which on thre parts like a wall
of good heygth was compassed and well fenced with the sea,
and wc finished the rest with caskes of earth to good pur-
pose, and this was called Bestes Bulwarke, after the lieu-
tenants name, who first devised the same. This was done
for that we suspected more least the desperate men might
opprcsse us withrmultitude than any feare we had of their
force, weapons, or polirie of battell, but as wisdome would
us in such place (so far from home), not to be of our selves
altogither carelcsse : so the signes whiche oure captive made
unto us of the coniming downe of his governoure or prince,
which he called Catchoc, gave us occasion to foresee what
might ensue thereof; for he shewed by signes, that this
Catchoe was a man of higher stature far than any of our
nation is, and he is accustomed to be carried upon mens
shoulders.

Aboute midnighte the lieutenant caused a false alarme to
be given in the ilrnd, to prove as well the readynesse of the
compauie there a shoare, as also what help might be hoped
for upon the suddayne from the shyppes if ncede so required,
and every part was found in good readynesse upon such a
suddayne.

Saturday, the eleventh of August, the people shewed
themselves agayne, and called unto us from the side of a hil
over against us. The gencrall (with good hope to heare of
hys men, and to have aunswer of his letter), wente over
unto them, where they presented themselves, not above
thicf in sight, but were liiddcn in dcedc in greater numbers

OF MAHI'IN FKOltl.SHKR.

bchynde the rockes, and makyng signcs of delay with us to
entrappc some of us to redccme thcyr ownc, did oncly
seek advantage to trayne our boate aboute a poyntc of lande
from sight of our eompanie : whereupon, our menne justly
suspecting them, kepte aloofe without their danger, and yette
srtte one of our eompanie a shore, whyche tooke up a grcate
blather whiche one of them offered us, and leavinge a looking
glass in the place, caine into the boate agayne In the meane
while, our men whyche stoode in the Countesses Hand to be-
hold, who might better discerne them, than those in the
boate, for that they saw divers of the savages creeping be-
hynde the rocks towards our men: whereuppon the generall
presently returned without tidings of his men.

Concerning this blather which we receyved, our captive
made signes that it was given him to keepe water and drinke
in ; but we suspected rather it was gyven hym to swimme
and shifte away withall; for he and the woman sought divers
times to escape, having loosed our boates from a sterne our
shippes, and wee never a boate lefte to pursue them witiiall,
and had prevayled verie farre, had they not bin verie timelie
espyed, and prevented therein.

After our generalls comming away from them, they mus-
tered themselves in our sight uppon the toppe of a hill, to
the number of twentie in a rancke, all holdyng liandes over
theyr heads, and dauncing, with greatc noyse and songs to-
gither, wee supposed they made thys daunce and shew for
us to understand, that we might take vow of thcyr whole
companycs and force, meaninge belike, that we should doe
the same. And thus they continued uppon the hyll toppes
untyll nighte, when hearinge a peece of oure greate ordi-
nance, vhiche thundered in the hollownesse of the hygh
hylles, made unto them so fearefull a noyse, that they hadde
no greate wyll to tarrie long after. And this was lone, more
to make them knowe oure force, than to do them anye hurte
at all.

A tilallipr
clmriiji'il I'di

No IIPWH (if
CliptiVl'H.

I'll vvtiiit
rui\ tlif
llllltllcl WHS

(lelivercil

'■'hose
lieoplp

ll|ll>ll llio

hill lii|>|ic

ISO

THE SECOND VOYAGE

A Bkirmiah
showed to
l)lO80 puo-
plo.

Thoir flags
made of
blathers.

On Sunday, the twelfth of August, Captaync Fenton
trayncd the companyc, and made the souldyourcs mainc-
tcync skyrmishe among themselves, as well for theyr exer-
cise, as for the countrcy people to beholdc in what readyncsse
ourc menne were alwaycs to bee foundc ; for it was to bee
thoughte that they lay hydde in the hylles thcreaboute, and
observed all the manner of our proceedings.

On Wensday, the fouretcenth of August, our generall, wyth
two small boates, well appoyntcd ; for that he luspected the
countrey people to lye lurking thcreaboute, wente up a cer-
tayne bay wythin the Countesses Sound, to search for ore,
and mette agayne wyth the countrcy people, who so soone
as they saw our men, made groatc outcrycs, and with a
white flagge made of blathers, sowed togythcr wyth the
guttes and sinewes of beastes, wafted us amayne unto them,
but shewed not above three of thoyr companyc. But when
wee came neere them, wee myght perccyve a greate multi-
tude creeping behyndc the rocks, whychc gave us good
cause to suspecte thcyr trayterous meaning: whcreuppon
we made them signes, that if tiiey would lay their weapons
aside, and come forth, we woulde deale friendly with them,
although theyr intente was manifested unto us : but, for all
the signes of friendship we coulde make them, they came
still creeping towards us behindc the rockes to get more ad-
vantage of us, as though we had no eyes to see them, thinking
belike, that our single Avittes could not discover so bare de-
vise and simple drifts of theyrs. Thcyr spokesman earnestly
persuaded us, with many enticing notices, to come, eat, and
sleepe ashore, with great arguments of courtesie, and clap-
ping his bare handes over his head in token of peace and
innocencie, willed us to do tlie like. But, the better to
allure our hungry stomachs, he brought us a trimme bayte
of raw flesh, v/hich, for fashion sake, with a boathooke, we
caught into our boate: but when the cunning cater perceived
his first cold morscll could nothing sharpen our stomacks.

OF MAKIIN I'KOHISIIKR.

151

lie cast about for a new trayne of wannc fleshc to jirocurc
oui" apijetitcs, wherefore he caused one of hys followes in (inmt
halting manner, to come forth as a lame man from behind
the rockcs, and the better to declare his kindncsse in carving,
he hoysed him uppon his shoulders, and bringing him liard
to the water side where we were, Icfte him there lymping,
as an casic pray to be taken of us. His hope was, that wo
would bite at this bayte, and spcdily leapc ashore within
their danger, whereby they might have apprehended some
of us, to ransome thcyr fricndcs home againe, which before
we had taken : but, I doubt, our flesh is so sweetc meatc for
them, that they will hardly part from so good morsels, if we
come once nere their handling. The gentlemen and soul-
diers had great will to encounter them ashore, but the genc-
rall more carefuU by processe of time to winne them, than
wilfuUie at the first to spoyle them, would in no wise ad-
mittc that any man shoulde put himselfe in hazardc ashore,
considering the matter he now cntcndcd was for thr- ore and
not for the conquest : notwithstanding, to prove thi.s criplcs
footemanshippe, he gave liberty for one to shoote : where-
uppon, the criple having a parting blovve, lightly recovered
a rocke, and went awaye a true and no fained criple, and
hath learned his lesson for ever halting afore suchc criplcs
againe. But his fellows whiche lay hid before, full quickely
there appeared in their likenesse, and maintained the skir-
nilshe with theyr slings, bowes, and arrowes very fiercely,
and came as noerc as the vi ^ter suffered them : and with as
desperate uiinde as hath bin scene in any men, withoute
feare of shotte or any thing, followed us all along y^ coast,
but al their shot fel short of us, and are of little dan>rer.
They had belayd al y'' coaste along for us, and being dis-
persed so, were not wel to be numbred, but we might dis
cerne of them above one hundrcth persons, and had cause
to suspect a greater number. And thus, withoute losse or
luirto, wo returned to our shipucs aijainc.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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IIM

2.2
2.0

nil 1 R

1.25 1,4

— I ==

(> i

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

"%"

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

&?-

152

THK 8F.C0NI) VOYAGE

Nowe, our worke growing towardes an end, and having
onely with five poore miners, and the helpe of a fewc gentle-
men and souldiers, brought aboorde almost twoo hundreth
tunne of golde ore, in the space of twentie dayes, every man
therewithal wel comforted, determined lustily to worke
anrshe for a bone voyage, to bring our laboure to a speedic
and happy cnde.

And upon Wednesday, at night, being the one and
twentieth of August, we fully finished the whole worke.
And it was now good time to leave ; for, as the men were
wel wearied, so their shoes anc' clothes were well worne,
their baskets bottoms torne out, their tooles broken, and the
shippes reasonably well filled. Some with over-straining
themselves received hurtes not a little daungerous, some
having their bellies broken, and others their legges made
lame. And about this time y" ise began to congeale and
freese about our ships sides a night, whichc gave us a good
argument of the sunnes declyning southwarde, and put us
in minde to make more haste homeward.

It is not a little worth the memorie, to the commendation
of the gentlemen and souldiers herein, who leaving all repu-
tation aparte with so great willingnesse, and with couragioiis
stomacks have themselves almost overcome in so short a
time, the difficultie of this so great a laboure. And this to
be true, the matter, if it be well wayed, without further
proofe, nowe brought home, dothe well witnesse, God graunt
for their forwarde mindes, they may be as well considered,
as thcyr honest nierites have well deserved.

Thursediiy, the 22 of August, we plucked downe oure
tentes, and every mar hasted homewarde, and making bone-
fires uppon the toppc of the highest mount of the ihind, we
gave a voUie of shotte for a farewell, in honour of the right
Honourable Lady Anne, Countcsse of Warwicke, whose
name it bcareth, and so departed aboorde.

The 23 of August, having the wind largo at west, wee

se
th
th

OF MARTIN FROBISHKR.

153

settc sayle from out of the Countesses Sound homeward, but
the winde cahning, we came to anker within the poynt of
the same sound agayne.

The 24) of August, about three of the clocke in the morn-
ing, having the winde large at west, we sette sayle agayne,
an*^ by nine of the clocke at nighte, we left the Queenes For-
land asterne us, and, being clcere of the Straytes, we bare
further into the mayne ocean, keeping our course more
southerly, to bring our selves the sooner under the latitude
of oure owne climate.

The wynde was very greate at sea, so that we laye a hull
all night, and had snowe halfe a foote deepe on the hatches.

From the 24 untill the 28, we had very muche winde,
but large keeping our course south south-east, and were
lyke to have lost the barkes, but by good happe we mette
agayne. The heygth being taken, we were in degrees

and a hulfe.

The nine and twentieth of August, the winde blewc
muche at northeast, so that we couide beare but onely a
bunt of our foresayle, and the barkes not being able to
carrie any sayle at all.

The Michaell lost company of us, and shaped hir course
towardes Orkney as we supposed, by cause that way was better
knowne unto them.

The thirtieth of August, with the force of the wynd, and a
surge of the sea, the mayster of the Gahriell and the boateson
wore stricken both overboorde, and hardly was the boateson
recovered, having holde on a roape hanging overboorde in
the sea, and yet the barke was laced fore and afte with ropes
a breast high within boorde.

Thys mayster was called William Smyth, beeying but a
yong man, and a very sufficient maryner, who beeing all the
morning before exceeding pleasaunte, toldc hys captaync hee
dreamed that he was cast overboorde, and that the boateson
liadde hym by the hande, and could not save hym, and so

Snow hull'
a I'lio'. (ieepe
ill Aii);ii8l.

Tim

iimyster of
llie ilnhrieH
HtiikiMi
oveiboorJe.

154

THE SECOND VOYAGE

'I'lio riulJer
111' till' Ajide

lilllJO ill

Iwiiiiie.

immediately uppon the endc of hys tale, hys drcame came
right evelly to passe, and indeede the boteson in like sorte
helde hym by one hande, having hold on a rope with the
other, iintill hys force fayled, and the mayster drowned. The
hcygth being taken we found ourc selves to bee in the
latitude of degrees and a halfe, and reckoned our selves
from the Queene's Cape homeward, about two hundreth
leagues.

The last of August, aboute midnighte we had two or three
great and suddaync flawes or stormes.

The firste of September, the stormc was growne very
groatc, and continued almoste the whole day and night, and
lying a hull to tarry for the barkes, our ship was much beaten
with the seas, every sea almoste overtaking ourc poopo, that
we were constrained with a bunte of oure saile, to try it oiite,
and ease the rolling of oure shippe. And so the Gahriell
not able to beare any saile to keepe company with us, and
oure shippe being higher in the poope, and a tall shippe,
wheron the winde 'lad more force to drive, went so fast
awaye, that we loste sighte of them, and lefte them to God and
their good fortune of sea. The seconde daye of September
in the morning, it pleased God of hys goodnesse to sende us
a calme, whereby we perceived the rudder of oure shippe
torne in twaine, and almost ready to fall away. Wherefore
taking the benefite of the time, we flung halfe a dozen couple
of our best men overboard, who taking great paincs under
water, driving plancks, and binding with ropes, did wel
strengthen and mend the matter, who returned the most
parte more than halfe deadc out of the water, and as God's
pleasure was, the sea was calme untill the worke was finished.
The fifth of September, the height of the sun being taken,
we founde ourselves to be in the latitude of degrees

and a half. In this voyage commonly wc took the latitude
of the place by y" height of the sun, bycausc the long day
takcth away the light not only of the polar, but also of all

OF MARTIN FROBISHEK,

155

other fixed starres.

And here the north starre is so niuche ''o"'''®

latitiides

elevated above the horizon, that with the stafFe it is hardly wlijea'takou
to be wel observed, and the degrees in the Astrolobe are too voyago
small to observe minutes. Therefore we alwaies used the tiie sibito

tlinil Astro-

stafFe and the sunne, as fittest instruments for this use. ^"^^•

Having spent foure or five daycs in traverse of the seas
with contrarye winde, making oure souther way good as
neare as we could, to raise our degrees to bring ourselves
with the latitude of Sylley, we tooke the height the tenth of
September, and founde ourselves in the latitude of degrees
and ten minutes. The eleaventh of September about sixe
a clocke at night the wind came good southwest, we vcrde
short and settc oure course southest.

And upon Thursday, the twelfth day of September, taking
the height, we were in the latitude of and a halfe, and

reckoned ouie selves not paste one hundred and fiftie
leagues short of SyHey, the weather faire, the winde large
at west-south-west, we kepte our course southest.

The thirteenth daye the height being taken, we founde
ourselves to be in the latitude of degrees, the wind

west-south-west, then being in the height of Sylley, and we
kept our course east, to run in with the sleeve or channel so
called, being our narrow sens, and reckoned as shorte of
Sylley twelve leagues. Sonday, the fifteenth of September,
aboute foure of the clocke, wee began to sounde with oure
lead, and hadde grounde at sixty-one fadome dejith, white
sniiill sandie grounde^ and rcckned us upon the backe of
8ylley, and set our course caste and by north, caste north-
caste, and north-cast among.

The sixteenth of September, about eight of the clocke in
the morning sounding, we had sixty-five fadome osey sande,
and ^^ought ourselves thwart of Saint Georges Chunnell a
a little within the bankes. And bearing a smali saile all
nighte, we made many soundings, whiche were aboute fortie
fadome, and so shallowe that we couldc not well tell where
we were.

15G

THE SKCONl) VOYAOK

The arrivftll
of the Ayde
at. I'hiIriow
ill Cornwall.

Our cmning
i« Milford
II liven.

The iiirivttll
lit the
iiuhriell
ut Uristuw.

The scavcntcrnth of September we sounded, and had fortie
fadome, and were not farre oflf the landes end, branded sande
with small worms and cockle-shells, and were shotte bc-
tweene Sylley and the landes ende, and being within the
baye, we were not able to double the pointe wyth a south and
by east way, but were fayne to make another boordc, the
wynde beeyng at southweast, and by weast, and yet could
not double the poynte, to come cleere of the landes ende, to
beare along the Channell : and the weather cleered up when
we were hard aboorde the shore, and we made the landes
ende perfite, and so put up alongst Sainte Georges Channell:
and the weather beeyng very foule at sea, we coveted some
har borough, by cause our steerage was broken, and so came
to anker in Padstowe roade in Cornewall. But riding there,
a very dangerous roade, we were advised by the countrey to
put to sea agayne, and of the two evils, to choose the lesse,
for there was nothing but present perill where we roade :
whereuppcn we plyed along the Channell to gette to Londy,
from whence we were agayne driven, being but an open
roade, where our ancker came home, and with force of
weather put to seas agayne, and aboute the three and
twentith of September, arrived at Milforde Haven in Wales,
whyche beeyng a very good harborough, made us happy
men, that we hadde receyved suche longe desired safetie.
And more happie we helde our selves, not for the safetie of
ourselves so muche, as the comforte that we had that our
countrey shoulde thereby have perfecte knowledge of oure
discoverie, to the greate benefyte of oure common wealth.

Aboute one moneth after oure arrivall heere, by order
from the Lordes of the Counsell, the shippe came up to
Bristowe, where the ore was committed to keeping in the
castell there. Heere we founde the Gabriell, one of the
barkes, arrived in good safetie, who having never a man
within boorde very sufficient to bring home the shyppe, after
the mayster was lost, by good fortune, when she came upon

OF MARTIN FROHISHEU.

157

the coast, mette with a shyppc of IJristowe at sea, who con-
ducted hir in safctie thither.

Here we heard good tidings also of the a. rivall of the other
barke called the MicJMell, in the north partes, whyche was
not a little joyfuU unto us, that it pleased God so to bring us
to a safe meeting agayne, and lost in all the voyage only one
man, besydes one that dyed at sea, whiche was sickc before
he came aboord, and was so desirous to foUowe this enter-
prise, that he rather chose to dye therein, than not to be one
to attemptc so notable a voyage.

Ihe

Michaill
nrriveil in
the iioi-th
partes.

Only one
iimn ilyi'tl In
thin voyaBB.

FINIS

[Another account of this Voyage was written by Master
Dionisi Settle, and will be found in the xii volume of
Pinkcrton's Voyages and Travels. London, 18l!iJ.]

ipon

■ II n iiiH^nv^

STATE PAPERS SUHSEQUENr TO THE
SECOND VOYAGE.

I. MR, liOCKES MEMOllIAIi.

II. OHDEU FOR THE SIIIPPES TO UNLOAD.

III. LIST OP THOSE THAT NOW DESYIIE TU BE VENTiniAllS.

IV. WHAT MIOHAEIi LOK IIATIIB DONE FOll THE VOYAOB.

V. TUB DIIYEFE ACCOUNT OP TUB EXl'ENSES OF THE SECOND VOYAOt

."iTATE PAPERS RELATIVE TO THE TRIAL OF THE ORE
SUBSEQUENT TO THE SECOND VOYAGE.

I. nil. nuiicoT ON iiis tkiai.e of the owre.

II. FK0.M Mil. LOK WHAT CIIAIIGES ARE REQUISITE FOR THE
FYNYNOE OF THE EWHE.
FROM MY LORDS TO MR, LOK TO COLLECT £90U OF THE VEN-
TURERS.
FKOM MR. G. LE BRUM, TRY.ALL OP METAL FALLING NOT OWT.
V. FROM DR. BUKCOT, A I'ROOFE OF HOW MUCU GOWLD AND Bl'.iVEB
A POUND OF ORE YIELDETII,
A LITTLE BUNDLE OF THE TRYEING OF THE NOllTHWEST EWRE
FROM DR, nURCHAUT TO MR, SECRETARY " ALSYNGHAM TOUCUYNO

THE NORTHWEST EWKE,
A KEOLARATION OF THE VALUE OF THE NORTHWEST EWRE,
FROM DR, BURCOT TOUCHTNO HIS CUNVNGE AND OFFER ABOUT
TRYINGE THE EWRE,
X. TO THE LORD TREASURER AND LORD CHAMBERLAIN ABOWTE

THE NORTHWEST EWRE.
XI. THE ACCOMl'TE TAKEN AT MU6C0V1E HOUSE OP CC WEIGHT OF
THE EWRE.

Ill

VI.

VII.

VIII,
IX.

Th
acci

thei

that

the

seve

Sir]

or ai

ther<

lady

and

comf

cann

thed

fortl

the q

melte

offyce

the v(

Imt X

and IE

AIs.

I7 G(

liondo

custod

St. Ka

downs

Juay al

STATE PAPERS
SUBSEQUENT TO THE SECOND VOYAGE.

[Cohnial rA. Domestic Eliz., cxv. No. 3.').]

MU. LOCKKS MEMOniAL.

To the Quoiies Ma'i"" most honoral>Ie Privye Councell.
Maye it please yC honors in most humble maner to be advertised.
The ij ships AjnJe and (Jaftriell are arived at Bristowe in saffetye
accordin};;e to" yo' honors orders.

And yf yo'' honor's doo think it good to dyscharge the ure on land
there yt may please yo"" honors to gyve order (under correction)
that Mr. Furbisher may delyver the same by weight, and that
the same may be kept in the castell or other saft'e place there under iiij
severall lokes and keys whorof one w''' the Mayor of Bristov. o, one w''
Sir Richard Barkley, one w''' Mr. Furbisher, and one wi'' Michael Lok,
or any other of the venturars as shall seemo good to yo' honors. Also
there is to be payd presently uppon the dyschargeuge of the ships
ladynge viij" poundes of money or more for the wagys of the souldiars
and maryners w^ii have sarved w*^^'' doo remayne styll at charges o' the
companye for meate and wagys untill they be payd the w^^i' sayd money
cannot be found in London uppon interest nor exchange notw"istandinge
the dyllygens used by the Commyssyoners to take up the same wherefore
for the provision therof restethe but ij meanes. Fyr.styf it would please
the Queues Ma''« to \ rest the same for iij raonthes untill the ore may be
melted downe w"'' may be receved of her Ma'ii^s customars or other
ofl'ycers at Brystowe or ells the same must be ceassed and collected of all
the venturars accordinge to the rate of their stok ventured wii would iie
Imt xxv" for every c" of their venture, but it would be very longe tymc
and moche dyfficuitye in collection.

Also the ship Michael is now in the Ryver of Tamys arived in saffety
liy Gods grace and the same ship must be presently dyscharged at
London. And the Comyssioners doo think good to put the ure in saffe
cu.stodye in the howsse whor S' Wilhn Wynter dothe now dwell at
S«' Katheryns hyll, where they have alredy made a furnace to melt
downe the same. May it please yor honors to gyve order that the same
may also be delyvrcd by weight and kept under iiij loks and keys to be

The ills-

tlie ore at
Kristowe.

The wBROs
to furnislie
money for
yeilisohftreo
of tho miin-
iiprn nnd
sowldiers.

Tlie (liK
posiiiK of
the lire at
I.oiidou.

102

STATK I'Ari'.Us

Toappnyiiio
coninilH-
HioiKirH to
loiikn to tlin
melting.

Mlchftol
l.uckca
r('(|ueBt.

[in] the custodyo of Sr William Wyiitar, Mr. Thomas Randall, Afr.
Furbishcr, and Michael Lok or others as to yo' honors [semethc] good.
Also yt may please yo' honors to pyve ordrc and auctoritie to the Kay<l
Commyssioiiers w'' are S' William Wyntar, Mr. Thomas Randall, George
Wyntar, Anthonyc Jenkynson, Edmond Ilogan, Michael Lok. And to
joyno to them Mr. Furbishcr or any others that yo^ honors shall lyko
that they mayc consulte and dotermyne for the spedyo meltynge downc
of the ure bothe at London and at Brystowe.

And wheras Michael Lok for the advancement of this voyages for the
space of iij yeres of his own goodwyll hathe taken the paynes and charge
of kepyng all accountts to reconynces frely w'''out any recompcnce,and
hathe byn named tresourer, thoiighe he hathe had but lytle tresour in
his kepynge. Now yf yo' honors doo lyke well of his doyngcs acordingc
to his small power yt may plcse yo"" honors to ratifye hym in that ottycc
ro take charge of the money and trcasour of this conipanyc to account and
hereafter to consyder of hytn for his paynes and doynges as to yo"" honors
shall secme good or his defectcft shall appere.

\_Colonitd, 55. Domestic EUz., cxvi, No. 14.]

XII,T niK OCTOBRIS, 1577. A NOTK OF MONEY PRF.SKNTI.YK TO
BK DISIJUUSED FOR MARYNKRR WAOiJS OF THE THREE
SlIIPTES RETORNEI) W^'" MR. FURBUS8HER.

In primis for the wages of an hundreth maryners in all the three
shipps, at severall rates, from x' to vj" xiij» iiij'' for a man the monetli,
amounteth to the some of cxl" the moneth, w''' from the ffirst of June
unto the last of October beinge fTyve monethes, amounteth in the hole
to yc somme of ncc".

At x" ye men. Item for wages for xxvj" souldiors, for the sayde ffyve
monethes, as it shall please yo"" honors.

Item for recompence for xiiij gentilmen duringc the tym^ aforesaydo,
as it shall please yo'' honors to consyder of some reasonable porcion of
the adventure.

This money cannot yet be found to be taken uppon interest nor ex-
change.

And yf it be levied by collection uppon the ventuvars, it will come to
xxv" uppon everie c'' of the venture.

Item, whether their honors doo continew in mynde that the ij ships
at Bristcw .shall discharge there or come to London.

Item, whether Michael Lok shall contynt .,• still Treasorer or not.

Indorsed, For the ships of Cathai to be unladen.

SrnSFQT'KNT Tl) THK SKfOXn VOYAflK.

103

\Cofonial, 5/5. Domestic Eli:.., cxvi, No. 24.]

AN ORDER OF MY T-ORPS, TIIK IT) OK OCTOBKU, 1577, FOR PAY •
MF.NT TO UK MADE TO THK MARINERS AND BOUI.DIERH OF
THE CATHAY VIAGE.

Where as there is presently to bee disbursed for the discharj^c of
suche mariners and souldicrs as have been employed in the viage to-
wards the northwest under Captayne Ffurbisher, the somme of eif?ht
hundrethe powndes, yt is ordred that sucho as have been adventurers
in th( ii.yd viage should contribute toward the discliarge of the sayd
somme of viij ", after twentie in the hundrethe, pro mUi, w"'' sayd con-
tribution is thou£;ht also lueoto to bee delivered into the handes of
Michacll Locke, Treasorcr for the Companie, beynge appointed to give
Itylles signed under his hand for suchc sommcs as he shall receave.

three

loncth,
June
hole

flFyvc

sayde,
3ion of

^Colonial, East Indies, 54. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 44.]

These dcsyre now to be venturars in the goodes now come
wci' may be graunted uppon the whole stole now come home, or
the next adventure, as yo' honors shall thynk good.
My Lord Kepar
Therle of Ikdford
Mr. Controllar
The Erie of Oxford
My Lord Ilunsdou
My Lord Charles Howard
My Lord of Comerland
.My Lord Cobham'
My Lord Wharton
-'Mr. llatton
Mr. Ilennage
Mr. Horsey
S"" Ilumfrey Oilbart
Mr. Woolley .
William Kyllygrew
Thomas Dudley
RafFe Lane
Ilew 8mythe
John Dee
.Jeffrey Ducket
Thomas Nyccolls

' Adilod in another ink.

home,
ells in

li2r>

li26
112!-,
li-2r,
li2r)
/t25
/i25
li2^
1125
li2!i

li-ia

H25
li25
li2b
li25
fi25
ii2r>
li25
li-2.5
fi'2r>

/i'SoO

164

STATK PAl'KKS

Ij'raucis Mylles'^
Laurens Tomson
Arture Dawbnoy
John Capelin
Thoiiias Cesiir

//25

A'25
li25

li2r)

^Colonial East Indies, 70. Domestic Eliz., cxxx, No. 35.]

THE NAMES OF THE VENTUUARS OK BOTHE THE VOYAGES

/('oC

MADE BY MARTIN I'URIiUSHEUi GENT. TO
ANNO 157G AND ANNO 1577.

The Quenes Ma''"
In the first voiage
libO The Lord Ilighc Treasorer
The Lord highe Adrayrall
/t5() The Lord highe Chamberlayn
50 The Erie of Warwyke .
50 The Erie of Leycester .

I\Ir. Treasorer of the Q. ]\Ia'''' household

25 Mr. Secretarie Walsiugiiam, for hyin

sellffe and others
Mr. Secretarie Wyllsou

i;205O.
The Erie of Pembroke .
The Couutesse of Warwyke
The Couutesse of Pembroke
The Lady Anne Talbot .

26 Mr. Phillip Sydney
11)0 Sr Thomas Gresham

25 Sr Leoncll Duckett

Sf William Wyutar

William Pell ham

Edward Dyar
25 Thomas Randolphe

George Wyntar .

Mathew Smythe .

Symon Boyer
25 Anthony Jenkynsou

.Jeffrey Tarvile .

William Payutar

Richard Bowl land

' This iMid tlic I'ollowiiif,' ii;inio» iirc aiMcd in :iiniilH>r ink.

IE NORTli-WEST,

Stok.

Cessement.

lilQQO

^('200

lilW

^420

li\W

^i20

ii\m

liiO

lilQO

1/20

li\5U

li^iO

I mo

^no

li400

liSO

lil50

li-30

li30

^iio

li-2r>

lib

1425

Ur,

li50

li]0

li-200

li40

li50

liH)

li200

li-io

li50

lilO

li25

1150

//lO

li50

lilO

lino

lilO

li2b

lib

libO

I no

li\0

li'iO

li]0

li50

lilo

10(

£2

Vent I
Ilccei

srBSEQUKNT TO Till', SKCOM) VOYAGE.

165

Ilobeit Kyiidersley
iJO Ednioiid llogau .
2r> Mathcw Fylia .

Richaril Yonge .

Thomas Allyn

William Ormshawc

/;.')00

100

Christofer Hudson
Thomas Owen
John Dee
Julio Cesar
Klcazar Lok
Gerson Lok
Martin Furhusher
Michael Lok

£■275

100 William Burde li

lOO William Bonde li

25 Mathew Kyndersley li

S.*) Christofer Audrowes ^i

25 Robert ^lartyu li

i'375
£500

/t5( t

;aoo

1150
1150
li50
li25

/a 300

li55 •<

lilO
li20
lilO
lilO
lilO
U5

113575

li715

^j50

lilO

li-25

li5

li-25

li5

li50

li\0

li25

li5

li15

li5

lilOO

1120

niooo

//20()

irzm

■ 1120
1120
li 5
li 5
li 5

11315
Ii7l5

U»
i'l
10
10

[0
i'>

l(»

10
I'lO
(10

Stok 875 Received the first voyage

;il300
^13575

Veuturars 114^75 of first and second voiagcs
li 275 of first voiage ouelie

Received ^i'5150 all the stok.

Received by the said cesscment
of 20'* for 100'* stok /i'1030

/a030
Cessement.

^«800 first voiage spent
/t4350 second voiage paid

Ii5l50 paid all the stok
outward.

paid for the mynes /j198

paid for mens wagys of the

iij ships come home i'/l()44

b'omme paid the 21 /(1 242
Dccemhar 1577

160

STATK rAl'KKS

[Coloiiiid, East Indies, 75. Bomeatic Eiiz., exix, No. i5(J.J

MICIIAI^L 1.0K IIAXIIE i)ONE FOB THE VOYAGE Of C'A'llIAI, AS

FOLOWETHE.

XXV ycrcs stuJye and travayllc to satufye his knowledge thereof.

M' poundes spent for thinges necessarie for his satisfaction of know-
ledge thcrof in bookes, maps, cartes, instrumcntcs, and gyftes to men for
conference therof ; wherof is not one peny put to the account besydcs all
his howshold charges.

MJ m' cccc'" powndes paid and disbursed by hym sellfe for furniture
of the first and second voyages over and above all that he received of all
other vonturars wo'' ^i2400 he dyd beare venture of in the same first and
second voyages untill the shyps retorned home.

W^'' said ^i24()(» was for the sums of venture wrytten uppon the names
folowinge, w<='i was not paid hym untill the ships retorned, and is not
yett all paid hym, but he had promcs of sum of them.
My Lord llighe Treasurer .... ^t5()

My Lord of Leycester . . . , U\ 00

S' Thomas Gresham. ..... ^i'lOO

Mr. Doctor Wyllson ..... libi)

George Wyntar . . , . Ii60

Symon Boyer, he gave pledge .... Ii25

Richard Owen . . . . Ii25

Julio Cesar ^ .... ii26

Thomas Cesar S M. L. . . . ^126

Eleazar Lok ) .... Wib

Summc

For Michael Lok liym sellfe

/t47r)
/a 000

For the second voiago. 8um . . li\-Vl!)

]\L Lok iu first voyage . . . /<825

Ventured by M. Lok . . . //230U

Indorsed. Mr. Lock's privat memorandum. 1576 and 1577.

\_Colonial, 94. Domestic Eliz., cxxvi, No. 32.]

TIFK BRYEF ACCOUNT OF THE SECOND VOYAGE, 1577.

Kec' of all the venturers
for tiieir stokes . /j5150

Paid for the Aijde . . liHUU
For the Michaell anil

(lahrieU . li-iOO
For taklingc and rigginge /t577
For ordnance and muni-
tion . . liid'

' Tlic Iiih( c uiipcaih 1(1 liavf li-on crubcil.

fiUllsEQUKNT TO THE SKCONU VOYAGK.

1()7

Roc' of supplie of
venturers to pay e
wages at rctornc
oftheshippes .^il030

lackinge
My Lady Anne .

Talbot . lib

The Eric Sus-

sexe . lilO

gr W" Winter . ^il 12
S'Tho.Greshame ^i'O

li22 12

For vyttellb

For wages outwards

For necessaries for the

mynes
For marchandyse

/I'.W.i IH 15

liVtOO 12 it

/il23 8 4

/i346 /)

li-i:i2S 17 H
For charges outwards 21 2 (>

/(435(i II
For losse spent first voiage (i80i)

Sum paid . /j5150 <>

Paid after the ships re-
tome ; paid outwards
above the stoke re-
ceived . . lil 15 2

Paid for wages of mariners
and gentlemen at re-
tourne of the shipps . /tl582 15 5

Paid for wages of myners
and charges of tryall
of the ewer at London ^i324 1 8

4 lili)08 12 3

For not rec^ in the sup-
plie of /tl030 . U22 12 4

Rest paid

^iiy31 4 7
^tlU30 (»

li'Mi 4 7

TlIK ACCOUNT OF MONY FOU TIIIUD VOYAOE 1578.

Received as followi'''

Of the Q. Mati«

Of Mathew Fold .

Of M. Kindersley .
Of Sr Frances Knolles
Of Ed. lloggan

Of L. Pembroke .

<M' La. Pembroke .

i;i350

i;35

i'15

£67

X'4l)

£202

£33

Paid as fallow^''

To W"!- Kerin, frestonc £4
To Christ. Uawlle,

bristole . . £13

To J. Roberts, bellows £3 10

To Ff. Grene, buchcr .£100

To Mr. Frobiser £400 d

To Poiutcll, baker £I(mi (>

KiS

STATK I'ArKRS

Of Mr. P. Sydney . i67 K)

OfMr.S.Walsingham £182 7

Of Jo. Sorncrs . £67 K)

Of Mr. S. Willson . £67 10 o

Of Sr Henry Wallop £67 10 u

OfRoberteKyndersley £67 10

Of M. Kindcrslcy , £18 15

Of Erie Warwyke . £135

Of Countesse Warrike £35

Sum received £2452 1

£12 10

£6

£20
£50

To M;-. Fenton . £5(i ()
To Willson, caper,

5. 20. 20. £45 u

To Jonas, a quarter . £25
To Oly ver Skiner, iron £3 5
To John Gonnc, iron £3 8
To Jo. Roberts, bellowes £2
To Jo. Fysher, smithe £4
To N. Chanselar, 20.25. £35
To F. Shawe, buttar £50
To C. Ilawle, bristowe £20
ToEd. Selman,bristowe£62
To F. Lee, shippe . £50
To Ro. Denam, a

quarter lent
To P. Barnstou,

aquavite
To Mr. Fcutou, targats £10
To Ed. Selraan,bristowe £16
To Thomson, cari)enter £30
To Ilitchecoke, car-
penter
To Poyntell, baker .
To Mathew, baker

pynnasses
To Ro. Deuam, ad-

ditamentes
To Jeronias stoves .
To S. Burow, pynnasse
To Thomson, carpentar
To other od charges,

17 Aprill .
To Mr. Frobiser ace.

40. 10. 10.
To Vyllers colics
To Crokcr, smithe
To L. Admiralls man
To Stanley, currier,

for lether
To Mr. Fenton
To Mr. Furbusher,

bristowe .
To the shippe Hopewell £50
To Jonas
To John Ilaylcs,

Dartford .

£12

£10

£6

£30

£16

£60

£10

£5

£2

£6

£10

£596

£50

£10

£12

SUHSKQUKNl' TO TIIK SKCOM) VOYAOK.

inn

Somnie paid £1058 18
Paid for second voyage £901 4

Receyt as ffoHowt'i
Of Mr. Dowgle . £33

Of Sr Tho. Uresham . £70
Of Lord Tresorer . £100

The 2 May 1578
Of Sr Thomas Grcsham £100
Of Rich. Young . £50
Of Christofer Hudson £(i7
Of Ed. Ilogan . £95

£416 5

{)

Sum paid £2860
Payments as follow"'
Sum paid rcste £407

The 23 Aprill 157«.
To Thomas Willson,

coopar . . £l(t

ToThomson,carpentar £20
To Augar, chaundler £20
The 24 said [month].
ToMr.IIawle,Bristowfc £12
To Chansclor purser. £8
To Shawc for butter £20
To Mr. More shipe Fo>/ £48
To Mr. Rasheley

shipe Fo>/

The 26 said
To Whitnall, coopar
To Morris, tente maker
To Baker, shipwright
To Poyntell, baker,

of Lymehouse
To Thomson, carpentar £3(
To Vyllars, secoles .
To Mr. Fen ton
To Chanselar purser

The 30 April, l.'i78
To men of Judeth

wagys . ;

To Shaw, for fyst ,
To Thomson, seacoles

The 3 May.
To Whitnall, coopar
To Willson, cans
To Ffrances Lee, ship
To Thomson, carpenter
To Eliot, brise
To Maryners, Judethe

wages
To Dowd, coopar
To Newson, clokemaker
To J . Roberts, bellowcs
To Hopkins, sniyth .
To Morris, tent njakcr
1095.

2 7
15 7

£48

£10

£16

£50

£30

£21

£30

£13

-.78.

t'lio

£40

£18

£5

£4

£30

£20

£5

£55

£2

£6

£4

£2

£15

STATE I'Al'EllS RELATIVE TO THE TRIAL OE THE ORE
SURSEQUENT TO THE SECOND VOYAGE.

[Colonial 77. Domeitic Eliz. cxxii. No. 3.]

JANUARY 6th, 1577. I'KOM DR. UURCO'l'T OF HIS PROCEEDYNGE
IN THE TRIALL OF THE OWRE.

My humble couimendacious Sir Walsingaiue I gyve you most hartic
thankcs for your labouro and delygence for the performinge of your
proraysse and the sendiugc of my pattane and, I hope by Godes grace to
performe my promyssc towardes you I had or this sertefied your Ilonore
the trewe matter off this ower and my proves butt God hathe towched
me so hard wti^ the gowte that I have kept my bed this thre wekes and
do yctt, and I sertefie your Ilouore off a trothe that I have mayd a
hundred dy vers sayes of sondry owers out of that lande, and I fynde not
such goodues in yt as I thought to have founde not prosedinge half an
ounce, as the blacke ower ys and I have prepared and rested accordinge as
I promyssed you, and I cane bringe yt to no clay but I have moltinc
doune a pounde, and hathe founde in yt fouer grayncs as by this prove
I have sent you dothe appere that will come in a houndred weight
almoste thre tjuarters of an ounce that is nere xiiii ounces in a tonne and
I dout not when yt is right prepared yt will faule out In the great fyere
very well and I am mynded as sone as I am able w''' my bodye I will
melte doune a b andred weight and send you that prove accordinglyo.
So I byd you fare well wt'" my humble disier to advertyse the Queue's
llcignes and my Lord of Lasyter. Datum the vi of January.

Your humble to comand,

Hurchard Kranrych.
To his houorablc aad singuler good frend Sir Fraunces Walsing e,

Scecret e to the heigh.

SUHSKQUKNT TO IHK SECOND VOYAOK.

171

[Colonial, 7!i. Domestic Eli:.., cxxii, No. 9.]

JANUAKIE 19th, 1577. FROM Mil. MICHAELI. LOOKK, WHAT
C'lIAROKS S" WILL'm WINTAB AND THE UE8T VPPON THKIR
MEETYNGE HAVE THOUGHT rBESENTLY TO BE REQUISITE FOR
THE FYNYNG OF THE EWRE AND OTHER THINGES TO HE
FURTHER DONE IN THAT BEHALF.

Right Honorable, accordiiigo to the commission of Her iMa''^» Privie
Councell directed to S^ W"' Wyntar, JMr. Randolph, Mr. Dyar, Mr.
ISIr. Yonge, Mr. Furbusher, and my sellf we all (except Mr. Randolph)
have syttogethers theise ij days past, and have consydcred thervppon
as the tyme would suffer, and have had before us all the chyef work-
masters for the erectinge of the howsse and fu laces at the mylls at
Dartford, for the meltyng of the ewr brought by Mr. Furbusher, and as
nerc as we can esteme the charges therof wylbe thus : —
For bryk, stone, tylcs, lome, lymo sand, lathes, nayllcs, and work-
manship therof, for all the myllehows and iij furnaces, w^''
makinge the groundwork . . . . ^j'KiO

For tymber, and all other stuffe and the carpentais workmanshij)
therof ; for the howsse of 84 foote long and 3G foote wyde, and
for the myll wholes, and the stampinge mylls, and the iij paier
bcllowes for the furnaces, wherof ij for melting, and i for
drivinge or fynynge, and for all other engyncs belonging
therto ........ ^i240

Sum hereof /i4Ui>
For charges of a man to go to Germania, for ij chief workmasters
of meltingc and fyndynge myncs, and another man into
Yorkshier, for stuffe to melt the ewr .... li^i.)

For to provyde wood and coles, and other thinnes extraordinarie
by estymation ....... /t'luo

Kor wagys paid to the maryners and men come home w"^'' the
shyps, above the estimation made of 20 on 100 collected sum
li'6(J0 includynge therin ^i'200 alredy paid for charges of
buyldinges of furnaces and small protfcs and sayes of the ewr
made by the handes of dyvers men. Sum . . . li'HM)

Sum of all ^iUOO
The said sum of ^('900 of money muste be provyded presentlyc by col-
lection of the venturars or otherwysse.

-Vnd for the better and more spedyc provision of the stuffe and men
rcijuysyte for the buyldyngcs forsaid, it is thought rcijuysyte to liave
comy.ssion in Her Ma'''^'* name to be directed to S' Will'm Wyntar, who
liathe alredy a sufficient warrant for the marine ail'aiics.

172

STATE VAPRRS ON TRIAL OF 'm\'. ORK

This beinge done all the woorkes wilbo fynyshed ami the cwr molten
and fyned W'' in vi or viij wckos tymc by Godcs help.

We have also thought it good that Her Ma''" be moved for her
favourable letter to the Duke of Saxonia declaring the staying here of
Jonas for Her Ma*'«" sarvyce wol" shalbe sent by the parson that goethe
for workmen.

Of other matters this bearer Mr. Furbushcr can informe yor Honor at
large, wherfore I end, and comytt yo"" Honor to the tuition of Almighty
God. From Loudon the xix Januarie, 1577.

Yof Michael Lok.

To the Right Honorable S^ Francys Walsingham, Knyght,

Her Ma''f^8 Chyef Sccretarie, etc.,

Delyured at the Court.
Commission from Her Ma""
Letter to the Duke of Saxonie.

[Colonial, No. 80. Domestic Eliz., cxxii, No. 10.]

JANUARIE 19tTI, 1577. FROM MY li.L.'s TO Mil. MICHAKI,
LOCKE FOR THE COLLECTION OF OOGlT. AMONG THE AD-
VENTURERS OF THK NORTH-WENT, ETC.

After C hartie comendations where as for the buildyng of certayne
furnaces, and sendyng for skilful! men owt of Germanic for the tryall and
/efinyng of the oore brought owt of the north-west : as also for the pay-
ment of certayn wages due to the mariners and others employed vnder
Mr. Furbusher, gent., in the last viage to the sayd north-west parts, we
arc enformed the somes of !)00/« to be voric necessarie and presently re-
quired. Theise are to require you to repayre to all such as be Adven-
turers in the sayd viage, as from vs so appointed, and to collect and
gather of everie of them for the vses, purposes aforcsayd, the sayd some
to be levied amongst them after xx^t in the hundredth, accordyng to the
rate of and proportion of everie of their Adventurers, and this to be done
w'''' as convenient speede as you can, to the end that so good an enter-
prise and proffitable as this viage is hoped will prove after so great
charges allreadie bestowed thereon ; nowe l)e not hindered either for
want of so small a som or not prosecutyng the triall of the sayd oore.
And so we, etc.

phii

[Colonial 81. Domestic Eliz., cxxii, No. 17.]

JAN. 24th, IbJCl. FROM MASTEK GEOFFREY LA BRUM, TRYAL
METAL FALLING NOT OWT.

Monscigneur jay considerc toutes ces cspesses de minercs (juil vous
ha pleu me baillcr et ay trouvc que la pluspart nc sont que mar-

Sl'HSKQUKNT To 1111': SKCONI) VOYACJK.

17;J

oliasitcs ut non mincics Icsqucllcs marchasites ont ordinaircment taut
(Ic souphrc (juc (juant il y auroit (iueli[nc pcu de bon metal oti tie le
pourroit tircr sans grant peine et perte <iiiaiit a en fairc prcuvc ct essay
ct essay certain il en faudroit bien davautago ct no sc fault fier a deux
ny troys prcuves seullcmcnt car tel morccau <juon pcnso estrc bon ct
habondcr dor on dargeut jc no sy trouvc ricn ou peu de chose Ic plus-
souvcnt et au contraire tel tjuon mesprise sc trouvc le nieilleur queUine-
lloys avec ce quil y ha divers noyens por extrairc lo pur metal et Ic
fault tenter par diversea voycs par ce <iuc'n aulcuncs minieres le metal
est encore tant crud quil scsauvit et perd en le fusion sil nest retcnu
par cementations fixatives en oultres il est accompaigne de tant dor-
dures et impurtes commo de souphre, terre, pierre loppes et semblablcs
qu'on ne lo depart (ju'a grant peine de facon quon le doit csprouvcr
tantost avec selz tantost avec vifargent tantost la bruslant tantost la
cementant ou fondant avec savon ploinb selpitre borax ou aultres <jui
sent en grant nombre et trop longues a escrire. Quant a cello du
Capp" Forbisher elle merito bion tant de diverses prei)arations ct sy jen
cusse eu nombre jen eusse tente plusieura facons mais pour sy pcu on
nose asseurer de ricn seuUement je vous peux tesmoigncr que jen ay
brusle lave et purge puis joint avec plomb et mis en cendres ou
couppelle qui n'ha ricn laissc de fin qui ne faict juger quil ny ha grant
profit par co que les aultres voycs et moyens dextraire le fin sont de
grant const ct labeur sur quantitc, vray est quo sy j'en auvis ugno
livre ou deux jessairoys (luelque prej)aration par sel commun prepare
avec aultres ingredioiis par le (juel jay aultrefoys reduit des metaux
fort calcines que le b. rax, saint de verre nitre et aultres semblablcs ne
pouvoient reduire. Je nay bailie a Mons"" Marchant les fuses mineres
a vous reporter par ce que je ne scay sy les desires sy je peux rccouvrer
davantage de cello du Capp*" Forbischer jen feray amplcs prcuves jatten-
dois a vous en escrire jusque a ce quo jeusse von le fin de quclquea
euvres que jay commences y a ja longe temps pour ta medecine affin de
vous en fairo part en tesmoignagc de tant de courtoysics et bicnfaictz
([ue jay rccevez dc vous pour lesquels je suis et seray a tousjours oblige
a vostre grandeur, mais lesditz euvres restantz parfaitcs et mons' Mar-
chant maiant adverty a midi de vostre commandcment jay fait te pre-
senter po' mexcuser et vous suplicr me tcnir au rang dc voz treshumbles
et tresfideles servitcurs je prie Dieu Monseigneur quil augmente vostre
grandeur et tentretienne en longue et tresheureuse sante pour do plus
en plus servir a sa glore. Amen. Do Londres co Saraedi 24" jour de
Janvier 1578.

Vostre treshunible et obeissant serviteur,

Geoff'roy Le Brumen.
A Monseigneur

Monseigneur de Vualsinghant.

■

174

STATE PAPBUS ON TUT A I, OF TIIR OUK

[Colonial, 83. Domestic, Eliz., cxii, No. .OH.]

21 FKIIKA, 1577, FIIOM D. BUnCCOTTE, WITH A PnOOKKE HOW
MUCH OOTTM) ANT) SlI.UEll A POVVNI), AND ONE HUNDUETHE
POWND AVEIOIIT TELDETH, W'^" HE WILL WAIIBANT TO HOULP
THllOUOHOUT THE WHOLE EWEE.

Please your Ilonorc, I pcrccyvc by your letter that you cane not come

80 (juycklye as I thought, thcrfore, I send you hero hy the captayne the

sylvcr and gold of a pound, and a hundred weight, whcr hy I will ahydc

hy yt oft' my credyt and honestlye that 1 will bringc twenttic tymes so

mvcho out of every toune in the lyko owcr as that was and never vnder

hutt rcyther above that rayte, and I pray you showo to the Queue that

Ilcr Ma^'" will be good lady vnto me, for I am lyke loss mvcho this

spri.igo to go about that busynes ; and that you will be ameane that

the captayne may be spedeley sett fourtho agayne w^'' sucho teachinc

and iustrucktine, as I have gyvcne him, for yf he shall not go spedelye

and speciallye now this yeare yt wilbe the worste that ever came to Ing-

land, and that the ower may be brought hastelyc frome Brcstoo to Det-

forthc, and that the detymcute that the captayne cane showo you be

prepared, and your Ilonore to come so hastelyc as you cane to vysctt

the place where the meltinge house shall stand. Now I send you the

trothe l)y the captayne how the house shall be ; and I trust to se you

shortleyc. So I comytte your Ilonore to God in haste, this xxi^'' day of

Fabruary, 1578.

Your Ilonore to command,

Burchard Kraurych.

To his honorable and singuler good frend, Sir Frauncs Walsingamc,

Secretoryc to the Queues Ileighncs, delyver this.

[Colonial, 86. Domestic Eliz., cxxii, No. 62.]

A LITTLE BUNDLE OF THE TRYEING OF Y" NORTHWEST EAVRE.
BY D. BURCOT, .TONAS SCHUTZ, BAPTI3TA AGNILLO, ETC.

The doings of Jonas Shote in the newe myncs of golde.

In Januarye 1576, Jonas Shuts was brought acquainted w"i John
Baptista Agnello, by the meanes of S'" John Bartelcy, and S' William
Morgaine, knights, soo as in the same monthe of Januarye by the
meanes of the learningo of the sayd Baptista in alchimia and the know-
ledge of the said Jonas in myneralls and mettalls handelinge, the veryc
firsto golde was founde and discoueryed by them too bee in the first
peace of ewer whichc Mr. Furbusher brought home in his first voyadgc,
the valwc of oz. 1| in c. weight of the ewer, whiche ewer Mr. Locke ha<l
delyvered too the saydc Baptista in the same moneth of .Tunuaryc too

SUn^EQtJRNT TO THE SKCONI) VdYAfJK.

175

make prooflo thereof, w<:'' prooffo being marie, hoe, Mr. Locke, delyvered
the same too Her Mil"'' ymcdiately.

Anfl aftcrwardcs, in the same monothe, ami in Koliruary, and Marcho,
Ilaptista ami Jonas made diners other smale proofcs thereof wherehy
still they founde golde, whiche aftcrwardcs was discouered too S"" Wil-
liam Winter by S^ William Morgaine.

In the beginninge of Aprill 1577, when S'' William Winter was as-
sured from Si' William Morgaine and S"" John Hartley, by the handy
woorke of Jonas, by prooiTes w'' he made in their owne presens, too
theiro owne satisffaction that this was trewly the ewer of a mynd of
golde ; the sayde S"" William Winter justified the same too l)eo trewo
too my Lordcs of the Queenes Ma''^'" Honorable Pryvio Councell.

And vppon commission dircctyd from ITer Ma'"'*" Pryve Councell too
S' William Winter, Mr. Thomas Randolphe, George Winter, and others,
by the procurement of Mr. Locke, they weare certyfied by wrytingc
gcvon by Jonas, of the riches of this ewer and order and chardges of
meltinge the same, and the buyidings and workemen thereof, and of all
things necessarie for the furniture of the mynes, w '' all other couninge
men coolde fynde owte, whoarcby Her Ma''" & Her Pryve Councell
weare content too sett owtt a seounde voyadge for discouerye vndcr
chardge of Mr. Furbusher.

And therevpon allsoo agreament was made w"' Jonas Shtts by inden-
ture vnder the hand wrytinge of S' William Winter and Mr Locke, that
he shoulde goc one the voyadge as cheife master of the mynes, and too
bee cheife workemaster therein above all other as well abroade as att
home, and att his retorne home too bee made denyson and too have a
good pcncion for his enterteynement durlngc his lyfe.

Allsoo in the newe lande all the voyadge Jonas made all the smale
proofTes, & sayes of all the ewer that was founde in the mynes thcare
wch ^vas laden in the shipps and brought home and certyfied the valcwe
of the ryches thereof, whiche nowe is founde trewe.

Allsoo the ships beinge retorned home intoo Englande in the monethe
of iSeptember 1577, w"' their full ladingc of that riche ewer too the
ijuantitie of clx tonnes, .Jonas hathe wrought and donne therein as fol-
io wethe.

The fyste of October, 1577, Jonas begane too buildc the furnaces at
Si- William Winter's house, and fynishcd the same and all *'iings neces-
sary of his own devise.

The theirtie of October he had molten one hundrethe weight of the
ewer prepared and handelyd after his owne devise and order. And
thereby was founde that a tonne thereof docth holde of fyne golde more
then the valewe of \Ui. of mooney by wittnes of Si William Winter, Mr.
Furbusher, Mr. Locke, and Robert Denhame & others whoc sawe the
woorkingc and prooflfes theareof made, bcsydes the remnants of gold
remayniugc in the slags, w'-'' Jonas sayd coulde not be well brought

17<;

STATK I'APKUS ON TUIAI. liV TIIK OltK

outt, butt in the grcnto woorkes, fumasscs, w ii ho dcsyrcd inij?ht l»cc
huildcd acco- dingo too tho plato that he wooMo giuo, that theirhy hoc
woould thorowghcly kiiowo the nature of this ewer.

The theirdo of Novemlier rcporte was made too tho Queenes Ma'""
Privio CounccU by S"" VVilli'ira Winter and others of tho Commissioners
what was foundo by Jonas workcs, wbicho did not satistic them, and al-
thougho Jonas him selfe and Denhanie, deelarcd too thorn this furnace
too boo not sulHcicnt for tlio great works, yet woolde have them to
nioltc dowuo an other hundrethe weight for better tryall of the trowtlie,
W'l Jonas saydc he was willinge, bccavsc this furnanco and bellowsc wau
too smale and place not fyttc yet for their commanndement ho woolde
doc yt.

Tho twentctho of Novcmb', Jonas had nowe repaired his furnace at
Sf William Winters bowse as well as that place woolde suffer. And in
that meano tynio Baptista had taken vpon him too prepare the ewer too
greato effbcto w'' did not succcade well in the great works. And also
fleorge Woolfo had taken vpon him to prepare the ewer too melte easely
w''' out any adetaments in the grcate works w'' did not succodo well.

The fourtbo of Decemb' J ,as, w"' danger of his lyffe, throughe tho
smoke, had molten doune bo secoundo hundrethe weight of ewer
w''> provyd as the fyrst hundrcth did bettor then \Vi. tho tonno in pure
goldo n,"; was certyfied to Ilor Ma'i^ Coiinccl! by Ire of S'' Winter and
other Coniniirsioncrs, whoo sawo tho jjrooffcs made, but still remayncd
more gold in the slags whiche Jonas sayd onely the great woorkes must
bringe owt.

And hearevpon Jonas hade bis patente graunted too him, he promised
too delyver at the leasto halfe oz. goldo in evcrye hundrethe weight,
w'''' ys tenn cz. tonn and allsoo hoapod too cleare all chardgs of the
workinf^e and yf he did better yt should bee their profEtt and his creditt.
And thcarcvppon hce should have gonne to Brystowe too have builded
the fiirnaces theire for the greate woorkos.

Butt the syxte of Decemb' the Lords wcaro not yet well satisflied w^'
this seconnde prooff'c made bccavsc of the remayncrs in the slags w"'' was
enfornied coolde not bee gotten owtt,butt chiefly they belcavod nothinge
that was donne becavse the goldesmithcs and goldefyners of London and
manyo other namyd counynge menn had made many prooffes of the
ewer and could fynde noe whitt of goolde therein, and therefore tbcy
vouched too the Councell that theare was uoe whitt of gold in this ewer
vppon gage of their lyfte and goodcs.

And vppon the arryvall of Mr. Furbushcr at the Coorte retorned from
Brystowe, the scventhe of Decemb' he stayed the woorks of Brystowe and
turned yt too farther prooffe too bee made at London, wherefore yt was
thought good too have conference therein w"' Mr. Burcott, whose doings
shall appere in .rticlcs a parte.

The teutiie Decemb', Jonas was t.rowght too coufereuce w"' Mr. Bur-

SlfHHKUUKNT I'O THK SKCONI) VOYAOK.

177

cott, ftntl wi'iiii iij or iiij tIayoH l»o iliHlykctl the ilonlingo of Mr. liiircott
liiiotho lor his ovcll manners and allso his i^^norannce in (Uvcrs points of
llio works and handelyngo of this owcr soo as as vvooKl no* anyc more
dtalo w"' ium.

Tho syxotcntho Dcccmh' Jonas vtii Mr. Furhnshcr and Mr. Locke ryde
too diners phics too see water mills, for the workeingo of the ewer. And
at Deartfordo Jonas lyked the mills heat of all others for the comodious
water and place.

The twolfte of Januaryc vpon ncwc comission too procead in the great
works, wee went again too J)ertforde, w"^'' Jonas and llenrickc, the mason,
and Seh.astian, the carpenter, whoe was then newe come too London, and
measured owto the platt of grownd for errcction of tho buildings and
liirnacs.

The fowertenth Januaryc Jonas delyuercd too all the Comissioncrs a
platt drawen by him of all tho buildings of the howsse and mills and
fiirna.'ices w"'' was well lyked. But uppon newe conference wf' the
wiirkcnien yt was founde that the tymo woold bee soo longe in tho
buildings, that yf that .should bo taryed for the money it woold bo too
late too sett owt a newo voyadg this yearo.

The 21 diet. Mr. Furbusher devised that x tonn of ewer shold bo
molten at Keswicke for the cxpcdicon of the tryall.

The 22 diet. Jonas allcadged manye lacks theare and the Comissioners
sawe great coaste and longe tyme hanginge theare one allsoo soo that
Jonas offeryd too make a thcird great prooffe at London of a toonn by
cc weight at a tyme w'' shoold suffice for a tryall of all w' was well
lyked.

And the 23 dayc Jonas gave informacou of ccrtainc merkesytes too
melt the ewer w^'' all w''> Denham or Coole shoold have sought abroade.

The 23 sayd John Baptista made offer of a newe great prooft'o too bo
wrought w"' a winde furnace, whccarevpon ho had a c weight of ewer
liut yt succeeded not well.

The 30 of Januaryc John Brood at Crepclgatc had cc ewer too make
inooft'e w*^'' did succead well.

The 12 of February .Jonas did melt doune cc of the ewer for his theird
indoffe at tho howsse of S"" W'"- Winter vi*^ great danger of his lyftb
ilioroughe the smoke, and at the second tyme of the mealtinge thereof
The 18 February yt succeaded verye well in presensof the Comissioners,
tb\ind 07.. ().\ of silver and goold myxt, whearcof oz. 3^ was perfytted and
Ijrowght 1 ([T. of oz. of fyne golde and oz. .3j of fyne sylvcr, the rest of tho
iiz.(i;'. of silver mixt was souke intoo the test becavse the test was not drye
made thoroughe the hast of tyme and much gold rcmayncd in the slegs.

All the doings of Jonas from the tymo too tyme was donn openly, and
Mr. Furbusher carycd all the secrets thereof too Mr. Burcott, too heal[)e
liini, and all Mr. Ihircott doiugs was in .sccrett, soo as none knoweth yt
l>ut him sclfe.

N ,

178

STATK HAPKRS ON TKIAL OF THK OKK

TUB DOOINOS OF Mil. BCRCOTT IN THE NKWE MYNES OF OOLDE.

Mr. Burcott had dclyvered too him ccrtaine sniale peces of ewer
in Novcml)' l.')77, whereof he made sayes and proffes and founde golde
therein as Jonas had donnc before.

The !) Uecemb' 1577, Mr. Locke and Mr. Furbusher brought ires from
Mr. Secrytaryc Walsingham vntoo Mr. Burcott and delyvcrcd them ton
him, and had suche conference w''' him thcrevpon that Mr. Burcott grew
too full promos too dclyver halfc a oz. of fyne gold out of cverye hundretli
of the ewer vppon certainc condicons sett doune in wrytinge, w'' con-
dicons was sertyfied too Mr. Secrytaryc who dislyked of them.

The 10 Dccemb' Jonas was brought too conference w''' Burcott ami
w^'iin iij or iiij dayes he dislyked the dealinges of Mr. Burcott boethe for
his evell manners and ignorance in diuers points of the woorks and
handelynge of the ewer soo as he woold nott anye more deale w''' him.

In fewe dayes afterwards when Mr, Burcott sawe that wee did cleave
still too Jonas dooings and made little accompt of his doings he made
great styro of his owne cunningc and soo wrought w"' .Mr. Furbusher
that he cam too bee hardeagaine and putt him selfc too the consideracoii
of Her Ma''« and Counccll, and vouched too warrant the ewer too hold
soo muche gold as ys sayd and too gage his lande, goods, and lyffe for
the delyverj'e thereof whereby he was credityed and the matter lyked.

The 2(t Decern!)' Mr. Furbusher woold that Mr. Burcott shoulde melt
a c of ewer in .Tonas furnace as S'' W"" Winters howsse, w^'' Jonas would
not suffer, therefore he willed Jonas too pull doune the secrets of his
furnace that Burcott might build a new after his nuinuer, w'' Jonas
did soo.

The 2() Januarye, or their about, Robert Denhara told Mr. Locke that
he had a peace of strange ewer, w"'' he proved too doo muche good in
the meltinge of our ewer and that he had yt from Mr. Burcotts housse
by his man wi^'' Mr. Burcott knewe uct of, and shortly after, when Mr.
Loci sawe yt in his howse, of Denham, he .sayd yt was yt and that he
had made prooffe thereof too hold syluer, copjier, and leade, &.C., that
Mr. Burcott called yt ewer of antymonie, iVic, and had sayd toe him that
yt held noe manner of mettell at all.

And Mr, Furbusher told Mr. Locke that Mr. Burcott sayed that Jonas
bellowes laye too hie, & that yt should lyo lowe too blowc right into the
hole on the fore ))arte, and in fewe days afterwards he sayd againe that
Mr. Burcott woold have the bellowes lye more then a fote aboue the
liole as Jonas bellowes did lye.

Alsoo afterwards, IMr. Furbusher did shewc too Jlr. Locke a paper
platt, made by Mr. Burcott, of the furnace that he woold have w''' a
pott by yt. And nowe, at the 20 February, he shewed an other plistt
thereof made cleane contrarye too the first, but even iust the cop|)ic of
the piate of tl;. > furnaces, wlicorw''' Jonas doethe woorkc.

SUHSKQTTi'NT TO III I' SKfO.M) VOYAfiK.

ITS)

The 21 Fcltrnaryc, Mr. Burcot shewed too the Cominissioiiors ainl too
my Tjorde Treasorer, his proofes made of .', once of gold and 2 onces (^: A
siluer, in one c of ewer, hut the same was melted in potts w''' addita-
ments hy halfc poimds in a pott w'''' is not the order of the great workes,
nor noo man hut him selfc knowcth wate he puts in his additaments.

And alsoo he shewed a peace of antinionyc ewer vouching that there
in was noe manner of mottal, l)iit a prDnflc thereof was made hy the
Commissioners one the 22 dayc, and they founde therein hoethe siluer,
30 ouncs in a tonn, and some copper, and verye muche ieade.

And Mr. IJurcott sayed that w^'' out tliat antimonnye ewer he woold
not stand to his former protnysof the goldc and siii!'»r too he deiyvoryed.
And Denham saythe that Burcott did not knowe of the mettalis that arc
in that antymonie ewer vntiil Thorsday, lieinge t'ae 20 Fchruaryc, when
as he tolde yt too Burcott, and w, ^ the manu that did first fynde yt too
hee soo hy his owne tryalls.

And iM". Burcott was ignorannt of the weight of gold and sylvcr ac-
coumptcd after xxiiii too a pcnnyc weight, and xxiiii pennye weight too
the otince vntiil that Denham did shewe him his errorc therein.

And yt is manyfest that Burcott was more ignorant then Jonas, in
the knowledge of the nature and workingc of this ewer ; for him selfc
Burcott dooth confcssc that he hathc made more then fortye sondryo
wayes of tryall thereof, and yet is not well satisffied therein ; l)ut Jonas
liathe made oncly syxe proft's thereof, and those after the order of the
greatc woorks.

[Colonial 82. Domestic Eliz., cxxii. No. 44 J
r'i;i3KUAUY in, lo77. iuom docxou in kchaiit to mu. si.cki iakv

WAl.SYNOHAM TOUCIIYNOE THK NOUTH-WKST OWRK.

Your llonore remember what aj)pountement you mayd w'" inc in my
house and what promysse I mayde you. I have done so and moltine
doune a hundred weight and a pound, and 1 have the proves to .show ytm
to save your Honorcs credytc and my honestye, therfore appounte the
day and ov/er to ride to Detforthe to bring inc thcr to gyve me your
Ilonores countenance in the first enterprycc, for yff you do not go 1 will
not go that all worke menc and .so many oft' the comyssioners as yt shall
pleasse you to so and here oure detcrmynacon and show suche things as
I have and cane do before them all for I estcame 3'our llonore and
crcdytt as moche as my owne lyft'e, and 1 doute yf I car.ie rydeytt w'l'out
a horse lyttcr, and yet I know of no eas.sye horse. And yffyour llonore
will humble your selfe so muche and yett come once in my house an
owcr or twane before wo departc out ofl' Lon on, I will show your llonore
bothethe pattronc tdl'the meltinge hou.se and the .sayes |irevclyel)e(wene

ISO

STAI'K I'WKRS OX THIAI, OK TIIK OHIO

yen and mc that my doingcs be not onoly wordes Ixitt deeds. So God
incrcassc your Ilonorc in health. Datum the xix off Faliruary 1577.

Your humble to comand,

Burchard Kranrych.
To his Honorable and very good frend S' Frauncis Walsingamc,

Secretary to the i^uencs Ileighnes.
Dclyvcr this.

[Colonial 84. Domestic EUz., cxxxi, No. 52.]
iKnauAiiY 21, 1577. a declaration or ttik value of t/ie

NOIlTir-WEST EAVUE BOTH FOU GOLD AND SILVER BY PROOFS
THEREOF MADE BY DR. BURCOT.

My (liitie done in most humble maner. It mayc please yo>" Honor to
lie advertizes! that Burchart hathc fynishcd and certefied two prolFes of
the gold ewer, wherof one was of Mi w^i', and thother of one c w<'''
Dcnnam bathe bene thonly man that he hathe admyttcd to be present
and privio w"' him in the scid profFcs, and the same Dcnnam haihc
l)cnc the t'yar workman thcrof, and by vouchoiat of them two ye same
fallc out as folow''' :

That proffo of the li W'"^ holdithc in silver
And in goldc ....

W'''> is vii parts silver and an viii"' parte gold

After that rate i c w>'" holdithe in silver

And in gold ......

And after the same rate the tonne holdithc in silver
And in gold .....

So the .silver of a tonne at v ii'' the oz. amti' to
And the gold at lix** viii'' the oz. amountithc to

Sum Ixvii" xx''
That proffe of the c w"'' holdithc in silver,
And in gold .....

W'li i.4 nero about iiii parts silver and a vi'» parte gold

After that rate the tonne holdithc in silver . . li oz. v' W''

And in gold ...... xiii oz. dr.

So the silver of a tonne amountithc to . . xiii'' iiii- ix''

And the gold of the same to . . . . xl" v- vi''

Sum Iiii" x" iii''
So a tonne answerable to the proffe made of the fl W'' y.s richer then
that of the c w»''Miv xiii" xi' v'.

. xxi gr.
• iii gr.

. iiii oz. dr. viii'l W"
xiiii'' w'''
xxxviii oz.
xiiii oz.
. xxv'i vi« iiii''
xli'« XV' iiii''

ii oz. dr. i'' W't vi gr
. xiii'' w'i' drs.

SUUSKQIIF.NI' TO Tin-. SKCOM) VoYACi:.

ISl

Domestic J'Jli:., cxxii, No. f!l.

I'KIIUUAUY 27, 1577. FUOM T). UURCOTT TOUCH Y NOK
OUNYNGK AND OFFKK ABOUT lUIYNGK THE EWUK.

HIS

My humble comendacons as I am informed that your ITonore and
the rest be displeased w''' me as thouj^he I had mayd a false prove, w^^'- 1
will stand to the contrary to deathe and lyffe that yt is as I have sent
onto you, therfore I have done yt w''' my owne hand, ami cane do yt
agayne save the last quarter w>^''' Dennan hathe moltine doune, and
brought yt in agood way after the rayte, and in the dryvinge utterly
mared yt for ingnorance and unskylfulnes ; yt was in the niglit when I
cold not ])0 at yt, and I wold not trust him further and I m lyd that
"[uarter good after the rayte I sent, as for the detymente yt hathe layd
this ten yeare in my house and were my inveusion to melt yt the eassier
and the soner, and ther is not so moche sylver in yt as you are inforuu'd
you for the owcr is sufficient in him selfe to augenieut your Ilouore and
save my credytt because yt is corned to suche an excleniacion agaynest
my houestie and deface me w"'out acause I will make my selfe clean;,
let my have delyvered out of hand in hast to hundred weight be brougnC
in my house of that ower, and ij honest men au'l not false men to so
the rostinge, bo cause 1 have fornace mete for yt, and in the meanc tynic
when yt is in rostinge I will ryde to the Tower-hill by your comandemeut,
to mend Jonas fornace, or to make an new one, that will serve me, and
lett thes ij sworne men carrye the ower to the Tower when yt is rested
and see yt moltine doune and i)uryfycd as I have sent you ; and lett me
have althings uessessarye ; andyf yt please you and Sir Will'm Wynter
nuvy be the men appountcd to do yt, and Dennan bo the workemau be-
cause he is the causer of this exclemacion as I cane toll you previlie,
when your llonorc please bctwne you and me you i;hall here the very
trotlie. And yf I do not prove yt trewly corned out then take my body
and goods to your owne pleasure, and Jonas nor the capt.iynos, nor any
of ther confederats shall not come nye me, but them whome you please,
for yf Jonas had any couniuge yt had longe since u[)pcrod ; therfore bo
shall loarne nothinge of me untill yt be knowcn tliat I am a|)crfytt
master above them all. Datum the xxvii of Fabruary. God enerease
your llonorc.

This prove wilbe <lone out of hand afteryt is rested, haviiige all tiuiigs
ncsessary prepared. Appoant atyme wiien you will and 1 will come to
von.

Yo»' humble to comand, ■"

Burchard Kranrycli.

To the llonorable >Sir Fraunccs Walsingame, Knight,

Secretary to the tjueues Ma'"', my siiigitler and very frcnd,

182

STATK I'AJ'KKS ON IKIAI, (II' I'lIK (MtK

lioluauU, !)2. Domestic Mi.., cxxiii, No. 7. J

11 MAUCII, l/)??. TO THE F.OUD TUKASURKU AND J,()KI»
CHAMllKULAYNk: AltOWT TIIK NOUTU-W KST VIAOK.

My vcric good Lordcs, Ilir Ma^'" havyngbcen made accjuayntcd w''' the
ccrtificats sent lately from the Commissioners appoyntcd to surveighe
the sondrie protts aud trials made of the north-west ewrc, and undor-
standyng therby to hir good contentation that the richness of that earth
is like to fall owt to a good rcaconyng is well pleased that a third viage
be taken in hand the plotte wherof consisteth chielly in thoise two poynts,
to witte, the charges of the shipping outwardes and some provision to be
made for a lOOmcn to inhabite in those north-west i)artes : what the
whok barges of theise two matters will amount to yo'' Lordships may
perceavc by tliat their bearers Mr. Ffurbcsher and Mr. Locke will shew
you in writyng and otherwise by word. I have allreadie aci]uaynted my
Lord of Leceister how m*-'' : and yf it might please yo'' Lordships to send
yo'' opinions of the two sayd points I would alter impart it further to
others of my Lords and the Cowncell to thcnd that all their advises beyng
had hir Ma''" may grow to some resolution for this newe aud third viage
and so order accordingly be given for warrant of hir owne part aud other
men's likewise that be adventurers in this matter.

[Colonial, 90. Domestic, Eliz., cxxiii, No. 5.]

XIIK ACCDMPT TAKEN AT MOSKOVIE HOUSE THE VIIJ'" OF MARCH
1577, OF CC WEIGHT OF \^ EWRE BROUGHT BY MR. FFOUBISHEU
MOLTON AND TRIED BY JONAS SHUITZ AN AI, MAINE ADSISTED
BY IIJ ENGLISHMEN, VI/., HUMFREY COLE JOHN BKODE ANO
ROBERT DEN HAM.

l)f the said cc weight of ewre so molton and trycd
as aforesayd there proceaded in silver vj oz. vij'^
weight xiij graiues di, w^^'' valued at v" the oz.
maketh in money ....

And of the same ewrc pioceadcd in gold yJ weight
V graines w"'' at iiij" the penny weight maketh in
money .....

Sum, xlvij'* vjd.

fSo at that rate j c weight of the said ewre will
make in money ...

And a tooue of the said ewre by like accompt will
make in money . .

kxxj'* X'' ob.

xys vij'' oil.

xxiij' }x''
xxiij'* xV

8UU8KQUKNT To THK SKCOND VOYAGK,

I8;i

vii.i

Ix"

i'«

The charges ol f^otliiig ami i'etting the said cwre
into tlie rcahiic as liy particiilers delivered hy Mr.
Krorl)!.^^'!' doth appcrc will iiat exccde the tuniic .
So uppon viiw of liiis aecoinpt I'or every viij'' de-
frayed the venturers shall gaiiie v'' w^'" ariscth
iippoii every hundred poundes al)ove

W. Wyutar
Kdward Dyer
Martin Frobiser
Rich. Youii)i
Mathew Field
Kdnioud llugan
Michael Lok
Andrew I'ahnur
The charge for furnishing .shi|)|)es for this next voyage as followelh .
The charge to furnish iiij or v shi|>peH w'!' 12(> men, viz.,
solidiors, niynars, smithes, carpenters, and other men of
necessarie occupacions and to hring home viij'- tonne of
ewre as appeareth by particulcrs therof delivered by Mr.
Ffrobisher will amount to . . .

Wherof must be del'rayed presently for the furniture nowe
owtward thoue moytie or els this yeres voyage wilbe
lost, viz. . .

And at the retorne of the shippes must be payed other

Fi r the provision of w'' money a levie must be made amonge
tliadventurers after such rate that every one of them w'' did before
adventure }" li. must now put in j'' xxx'' the moytie therof to be payed
forthwith. And the other moytie to be readie against the retorne of the
shippes to clere the froight and men's wages.

VjiMl uijc

iij"' iju li.
iij'" ij<^ li

II
I\

\ 111
I>

XUl

STATK PAPKilS CONCERNING THK TIMALL OK
EWR PliEV^lOUS TO THE THIRD VOYAGE.

I. MEMOUANDUM FKOM MV I.OKDS TO THE WAUI'EX OF THE MYNT
T<>U<'HI.\(i THE ORE.
It. FKOM Mil. FENTON ON THE UMiADYNtiE OF THK OltH AM> I'K
nODPYNCS KEroilT ON THE SICKNESS AM> DEATH oF THK
MAX nilOOOUT BY CAl'T. FllOlllSHEll FUOM THE NORTH-WEST,
AND OF THR XATrRR OF THE WOMAN OF THAT COUNTRY YET
MVINdE.

III. FKOM MK. LOCKE WHAT THE <100DXESS OF ORE IS DECLAUED.

IV. PROM SIR W. WYNTER TOUCHYNGE THE fiOOTiP ORE.
V. FROM .TONAS SCHUTZ U\ THE SAME.

VI. FROM DR. nURCOT OX THE SAME.

VII. FROM M. 1.0K OF JONAS NEW METHOD OF TUIAIiS.
VIII. A NOTE OF ALL SUCH (HAROES IN MBLTYNCiE DOWN THE 0\MU..
IX. AGNELL ON THE TRIAL OF THE ORB.
X. A NOTE OF CHARGE FOR THE TBIAM. OP ONE TONNE OF THE
NORTHWEST ORE.
XI. PROM MR. FENTON, WHAT .SCCCESSE HE UATHE IN TRAVELINOE

TO GET OWRE IN THE WEST COUNTRIE.
Xli. A COUNT MADE OF X'. '>F ORE MELTYD AT DARTFORDE,
XIll. A NOTE OF THE VALUE OF 200 WKII of oARE GOTTEN IN THi;
t'OrXTESSE OF WARWICKS ILANDE.

Ihi

Ff
To
thi
iiiii
wli
wli
aiM
Mai'
us
ace
I
the

1
lyv
be (
oft

I
the

STATE I'Al'ERS CONCERNING THE TKIALL OF THE
EVVll PREVIOUS TO THE THIRD VOYAGE.

[^Colonial, 5(j. Domestic Eliz., cxvi. No. 25.]

OCTOBKE 17, 1577. M-^' I'UOM MY LOKDS TO THE WAUDEN AND
WOOllKMASTER OF THE MYNT TOVCHYNGE THE OBE BROUGHT
OWT OK THE NOETH-WEST.

Alter our hartie counuciidacious. The Quccucs Mai'""* pleasure ia
that certain core brought into this realine by our loving Ireud Martin
Fl'urbusher, gent, out of the uorth-wcst partes, shalbe earycd into the
Tower and layd in some convcnyent place by you to be appointed tor
that jiurpos, the said oore to be by him delyvered unto you by weight
and so by you receavcd. And further that to the doare of the jdacc
where the same shall lye there be lower severall lockes and keyes made,
wliereof the said Ffurbusher to have one, you her heighnts otKcers two,
and MichacU Locke, tresorer of the Company of Adventurers into the
said north-west partes, tlie fourth. Whereof her Ma''' hath ai)pointed
us to gevc you knowledge to thend you male take present order therein
accordiuglic.

And so we bid you fl'arewell. Ffrom the Castell of Windcsor the
the xvj^'i of October IT)"?.

Your loving frindes,

[no signatures.]

And further yt is meant yi you shall from tyme to tyme make de-
lyverye of the seyd ore to be melted downe iicci<rdyngiey as you shall
be dyrected by the commyssyoners by us deputed to have the oversyght
of the seid meltyng.

Kic. Martin, Warden of the Mint, (Blank) Samson, worckmaster of
the same.

188

STATE PAPr'RS

[Colonial, 5!>. Domestic Ela., cxviij. No. lo. |

'2t) NOVEMIi. 1577. FROM MK. KDWAIU) FKNTON. Ol' TIIK UN-
LADYN OF THK OOKK IN THE AYD AND GAnUIEI,L, AND HOW
MANIE T00NK8 OF THE 8AYD OOllE 18 ly ETHKU OF THE SAYD
VESSELS. TO HAVE OHDEK FOU THE DI8CHAUD0E OF THE
MAIIINEBS AND UNKIGGINGE THE 8AVD VESSELS.

My dutie to yo"" houo'" most humblie used. Receaving letters from my
Ocnerall the viij'^'' of this instante to make deliverio of such oure us re-
mayned in the Ayde and the Oahriell, whereof I had charge w^'' letters
in like manner from yof hof and others of her Ma^'os counsouU directed
to Sr llicharde Barkely, Knight, Hugh Smith, Esquicr, and the Maior
of Bristoll w<='> I presentlio sent unto them notw^'standing they mett not
abowt the receipte thereof till the xiiij"' dayc of this Instante (by reason
S' Richard Barkely was ymployed elswhcre in her Ma^''"* service) Sithcns
w^'' time they have w"' care and diligence attended that service and have
now in effect ended the same saving that a little porcion of oarc founde in
removing of the caske[s] in the Ayde is not yet weighed, but wilbe furth-
w"i disi)atched. The quantitie of the oare in t)xQ Ai/de (I suppose) wilbe
nigh 124 toones. And in the barkc Gahviell IG toones rd'i. All W''' is
saft'clic bestowed in the castell of Bristoll according to order appointed
therin. Thus much having so convenientc a messenger 1 thought good
to ymparte w"' yor honor beseching the same to further the dispatch of
all such persons as have served in this action, whose service now rather
is chargeful to her Mat^'a and other thadventurers then liking or benc-
liceall to thcim selves. Wherof the gentlemen ymployed in that action
(and attending heare thies ij moneths to small purpose) is greatlie
charged by the same whose good government in this service both before
and sithence their comingo hither on lande deserves (in myne opinion)
at her Ma'^''^^ handes bothe favo'" and recompence for so greate vertuos
showed in so honorable an action wherin yo"" honors good favo>' and fur-
therance is chieflie to be craved for their comforts in the same. And
am (amongcstc the rest spcciallie) to recommendc this gentleman
and bearer Mr. Carew to yo' honors favo'' and countcnauncc whose
readinesse wisdome and good government in this service deserves greate
commendpcion and rather to be ymployed w^' charge then to serve as now
he hath donne w''' I hinnblic l)csech yo" to consider of hereafter for his
l)etter ailvauncemente and crcditt ; no lesse (1 suppose) my Generall
will deliver of him for his dcsertes (w"'out llattcrin) doth thus much
challenges me to reaporte unto yo' honor having well marked his bc-
havio'' in this service. It were to good purpose order were taken for the
iiuriggingc of the shippcs (if hcare they .shall rcmayne) for wantc wherof
their tackle and other thingcs grow to dckaic w«'' would be saved if

VUKVIOUS TO TIIK TMIKl) VOYAOK.

189

order were taken what should ho done in the same : UcHidcs tlie supcr-
lliiis niiirincrs and others now attending would lie discharged w'' if it
had liccn performed vij wcckes agoo hail saved grcato charges and been
to vcrio good purpose. All w<-h I committ to ho dolt in as shall seotno
hesto to yo"" ho'^.or craving pardon for my holdnesso do prayo daiolio to
thiilmightie to bless you in all yo>" honorable actions and sonde yo'< much
encrcase of honor. From IJrystoU the xxv"' of Novemlicr 1577.
Yc honorn most humblic to commaunde,

Edward Fenton.
Postscript. — I am bolde to sendo unto yo"" bono'' hcreincloscd the
opinion of Mr. Docto"^ Dodding towching the death of the man we
lirought over w^'' us who often visited him in the time of his sickncs.
To the honorable my vcriegood frindo Frauncis Walsiiigham, Ksijuicr,
principall secrcatarie to her Ma"^' and one of hor highncs privic
counsaill at the Co""'".

[^Colonial 50. Domestic Eliz. cxviii. No. 40, i.]

DocTon DonoYNOs nF.rouT of tiik stcknf.ssk and death of

TUE MAN AT nRlSTOLL Wo CAPT. FITRinsiIEK nUOUOIlT FROM
TTIE N0UTII-WE8T ; AND OF THE NATURE OF THE WOMAN
OF THAT CONTRIE YET LIVYNOE.

In cadavcris dissccti latere sinistro, primum sesc michi inspiciendro
obtulerunt costrc du£c (casus vi et impetu (juando capicbatur) pricfracttc
(lohisccntes adhuc, nee inviccm agglutinatrc : <|uarum cura (uti in tarn
turbulcntissimis temporibus rcrumque navalium augustiis usu venire
solct) vcl neglecta, vel (quod potius suspicor) morbus a nemine per-
coptus inflamationem concitavcrat : et pulmonis contusio (teraporis pro-
gres.su) putredincm itidcm contraxorat : quibus libere indies serpcntibus,
cum per frigoris extcrni injuriam comniotis turn per malam victus
rationem auctis, nee tamcn per artem chiruvgicam exterius interim
cniendatis ucquc per mcdicamenta interius retusis in pulmonis ulcus
insanabile prccepc. Ruebat et ingruebat malum jjuris putrcfacti alliicntia
maxima ejusdcm materia vi.scida et tenaci, ita pulmonis pars sinistra
undiquc scatebafc ut nihil omnino per orane morbi tempus expuerit et
anhelitus fere retentus est constrictus, hue accedebat natura morbi
infestantis furore admodum debilitata : liberior apud nos victus ratio
quam aut hujus morbi fert malitia aut hominis fortassis consuetude
quotidiana patiebatur, quod summa ducis summi cura liberalitasquc
imniensa eorum apud quos divertcbat effeccrat : dcceptis omnibus
opiniono potius morbo latilate et indulgentia stultaquam male volentia,
sed cum asthma paulo ante mortem, morbus iste baud obscure simili-

190

STATK I'Al'EKS

tudino exprcsfiit, turn ah hydropo non omiiino iininiinis erat : in thoracis
cnini Hpa(Mo .siiiislro in^rcnH mpia* npia ct iilxiiidaiilia (iiualis a pcrspi-
cacibus ct itidustriis miatomicis raro visitur) ooiispicieliatiir fluitarc :
haoc moto corporo (uti roi cvcntus tidcm focit) aj^italiatur, ct pulmonis
cxpirationom impoJioljat, pulino doiiiiiuo ip.so costis firinius (luam quis-
<{iiam putarot hiorobat. Cerebri vuh\crati apostomatiunc (ut ita loijuar)
prajter surditatein doloreiiKjuc capitis iiitciisissimum ((juihus nutniuam
non affligcbatur) signa infiuita extant ct emcrp;iint apcrtissima quoo
nunc silcntio (no siin prolixior) sunt involvonda, ijuod lietii ininutis-
siuio detraxerat natura justro niolis id Htomncho capacissiino adjccisso visa
est cum foonore (pii aqua refcrtus ct distontus multo major (|uam
nostrorum hominum propter insanabiicm (credo) ingluviem apparebat.
In cojteris partibus Anjj;Iium dicercs metum in (pioa prirno ejus advontu
erat quamvis vultus hilarior ct siniulatus non mediocri arte occultabat
et emeuticbatur, tamen gcstus ipsius (sigillatim singula pcnitius
introspicicnto mo ct suspicante omnia) vel eundera aperto prodiderunt
det excruntquo vol raorbum Iciale (quod scpius sed surdis cecini)
projsagiverunt impcndentem, quio ex pulsibus dilucidiora quam ox ipso
innotucrunt et confirmabatur qui semper minores tardiores et dcbil lores,
<juam rariorcs extitcrunt, et rariorcs tamcn quara aut etas juvenilis, aut
temperatura ejus biliosa cHagitabat. priori morbi insultu, cum vires
adhuc integre essent accersitus sanguinis missioncm magna contentiono
suadcbam, quo et inflammationis aculci cxtincti, et materia dirainuta
jaccrent : sed vetuit viri barbari, barbara nimis, insulsaquo timiditas, et
eorum consilium quibuscum una navigabat, apud me prrcvaluit. Dcnique
ca hora vocatus qu£o proximo horam prajccssit in quade vitadiscescit re-
peri cuncta mortem brevi minitantia, nimirum, interruptam fercquc om-

nino abscissaraloquelam dejectumappetitumpulsura nullum. Quid multa!
Vires omnes facultatesque prostratas prorsus aliquantuluni recreatus ad
se quasi o somno profundo redit nosque ejus familiares agnovit. animad-
vert! sed medicamento, ct verba nostra quB3 ediscerat pauca ut potuit,
eloquebatur vicissimquc ad interrogata rcspondit satis apposite, cantcle-
nanique eandem (uti referunt qui utramque audiverant) clare cecinit
qua astantes in littore ejus loci atque ordinis socii ultimum ipsius dis-
cessum vel deplorabant vel celebrabant. Ilaud alitor atque cigni qui
provideutes quid in morte sit boni cum cantu ct voluptate moriuntur,
sod vix discesscraui quando vitam cum morte commutaverat ; in hajc
ultima et nostra lingua edita virunipens verba ' Deus sit vobiscum.'

Angebar et vcbementer dolebam non tam ipsius morte quam quod
reginoe nostra; sererjissimoe spes tanta ejus videudi quasi e raanibus nunc
secundo exciderat. At moerore multo majorc afficiuntur hujus novi
honoris solidique heroes vere Ilerculei tanquam exantlati laboris prte-
miis et spoliis spoliati quos jure optimo (dicam enim quod senceo)
raanet a nobis obscrvantia summa, qui itinera htcc marittima, devia ea
quideiu aspera et plane ante hoc tempus inaccessa magnis suis sunipti-

PRKVIOTTS T(» TlIK TIIIUD VOYAOK,

191

Ims lal)oril)n» poriculin iimjorc rojjni ct postcritatis coininodo miixima
Riionim nominum p;li)ria Huponvnmt ot apporiionmt (pioil si uti acco-
perit, siiocesserit, ut oadcm facilitate has rcgni ct rcipiiMiea animni
iicrvoH(iuo (sic cniin a philosnp}(is non inscitc appellantur divitire) (pia
conscquuti sumus, rctincamua, nee priuHrjuam uccipiamuf), inj^ratitudiiio
nostra atnittamus (i|ui(l cnim aliuil inotuaiii non video) <(uid retrihnaniim
I^oinino pro omnibns quro trilxiit nobis ali cxternis rej^ihus nil spercnius
lioni (]uia non vohint, nil tnctnanuiR niali, i^nia non audent. Veriiin
non CO htcc dice quo qucnciviain in peccaturum sordilms delitcscenteni in
iitraniqtie anrcin dorniiro Muideain, sod ut aniorem sigillatiin Hinj;;uIo.s al)
iniprohitate, ct adi^fini ad res divinas nniversini omnes acrins oele-
lirnndas : quid cnim dici copitarivc potest absurdius quara cum Dens
ojjtiraus maxiinus sit ad dandum promptior ct paratior nos ad pronieren-
dum simits tardiorcs. Attamcn semper crit ilia Oci vcri, vera vox
iip;nosccnda non quia tu dignus sed ipiia niitis ego. Si incantantiiim
fiitilia fictiliaiiuo prrccaria, ccreraonincquo incrtes ct ludintc in morbis pro-
tligandis (Hiicipiara j)otuis8cnt, hie profecto (duni in vivis csset) 'Cali-
chougho' (naniquo hoc ci noinen erat) eosdcm pullulantes ut hydras
amputasset ct protligasset ctcnini hoc nemo fuit in hac artocxcercitatior,
nemo in ipsa superstitiono (ni fallor) confidcntior : qui tot incantationcs
usurpavit, quot dolorum termina emerserunt Mulieri laboranti turn o
niorliillis (qui postridio, quando hojc scripta sunt ettlorucrunt in cute
f'requcntissimi) cadaver ostendi, unaquo (raeo suasu) ad sepulturam
((piam nulla soleninitato de industria peractam esse volui, nc qua horror
ei injiceretur de hominibus apud nos sacrificandis) licet invita, addiicta
est : ihique tamdiu detenta, donee terra undique coopertum cssct cadaver :
oasa humana ostendi effossa, fecique ut intelligeret omnes nos codom
modo esse inhumandos, quo oninem ex animo de humana came comc-
dcnda (quoa in ipsis altas radices egerat) adimerem scrupum : ipsaque
timorem deinccps deponere disceret. Sed ista aut prudentia et patientia
homines omnes nostros exuperat mulier, aut ah ipsis l)rutis animantibus
longe supcratur humanitate, qua nihil omnino ejus morte commota est,
ncque cam (q\iantum ex vultu intelleximus) icgre tulit : ita ut hoc
postremo ejus facto nuvnefestius cxpresserit id quod longe antea conjec-
turis assequuti sumus, ilium proo se mirum in modum contempsisse, et
quamvis in uno eodemque lecto somnum capere solobat jirreter collo(|uia
tamon nihil inter eos intercessisse, amploxus ejus abhorruissc. Vale.
I'ristollias S" Novcmbris.

Tuns uti scis,

Edwardus Doddinge.

Si nihil infesti durus vidisset Ulisses

Felix Penelope, sed sine laude foret.

192

STATK VAPFRS

[Colonial East Indies, 57. Domestic, cxviii, No. 3G.]

23rt) of novembkk, 1577. from mr. mich. locke. avhat
the goodness of the gold ore is declared.

Right honorable, — According to yo'' letter sent me by Mr. Wnttcr-
hows, I have had confcrens w"' hj'm, and I have told hym my best
opynyon playnly, and I wyll furder that matter the best I can and vvyll
joync w"' you therin for a part, yf it please you. wc'' I hartely pray you.

The tryall of the ore brought home by Mr. Furbusher, moche paynes
and labour hathc jiassed of late agayne, yet it is not brought to par-
fcction, the iij workmasters cannot yet agree together.", eche is jelous of
other to be put out of the work and therby lothe to shew their conynge
or to use c/fectuall conferens ; but amongest them all we doo very
playnlye see and fynd that the ure is very rychc, and the worst of all
their doynges wyll yeld better then xl" a ton, clere of charges. This
is assuredly trew, w^i" may suffyse to embraso the enterpryse. Antl
w"' in few daycs yor honor shalbc better certylfycd of better matter
herein v/hcn we have made better lykynge betwene the workmastars.
And thus I commytt yo' h. to the tuition of almighty God. From Lon-
don, this xxiij November, 1577.

Yo*" h. most bounden,

;\Iichael Lok.

[Colonial 58. Domestic Eliz., cxviii. No. 39.]
NOV. 26Tir, 1577. from sir william wynter, touchynge

THE GOLD ORE WHAT IT WILL YIELD.

Mr. Furbusher beyng bouude towardes Bristowc for the dischai'dginge
of the maryncrs and takinge of order for the ships and ther furneturc
well reraayncth ther, hathe been enforsed to staic some what longer then
willingly he would have don frome the doinge of these thinges before
this tyrac, because he hathc hade a desier that wi'" his travaile and
others in comyssion tochinga this matter of the core that he and they
nowghte have understauded what sertaine accompt was to be made of
the said oorc to thcnd yo' honur, and the rest of her Ilighnes cownsailc
myght have been perfatly cnformed. What hathe ben don hethcr to
Mr. Furbusher will do yo"" honur to wyet. And albe hit the core in re-
porto do not appicrc to be of the vallew w""'' hathe ben looked for, yet yf
the woorkmen be to belyved who ofl'ercth ther lieves to performe that
w'' they have set downc w'l' ther handes, the conimodittie is suche as
niaye content resonabie mycndcs, for my owne opynyon I bclevc hit ivill

PHEVIOL'S TO THE THIRD VOYAGK.

193

fawll ow' better than the woorkemen bathe set hit doune, and that it
raaye so come to pase I will use all the travailc I cane possiblie; not so
iiitiche for my pryvato gayne ftrcwly) as in respect of the Q. ^la'"'^' that
her highnes good hoope be not made frustrate, and yet I dow' not but
you beleve 1 ame worse able to beare a lose than her Ma''^ is. And thus
most humbly takinge my leave, I rest, praingo God to kepe yow in
helthe. Tower Hill, the xxv"' of November, 1577.

Yo"" honnors ever to comawnde,

W. Wynter.

gingc
leture
then
icfore
and
they
idc of
rnsailc
ler to
in re-
yet yf
that
che as
it .vlU

[Colonial, 60. Domestic Eliz., cxviii, No. 41.]

NOVEMBER 2o^", 1577. FROM JONAS SCIIUTZ TOUCHING THE

GOULD OORK.

llighte honnorable Mr, Secretarye Walsinghara, my humble dutie
premysed. These maye signifie unto youre honuoure that wheras I have
bene by order from the Queues Majcstie and her most honnorable consail
appointed to trye the ore brought into the realme by Maister Captaine
Ffrobysher. Nowe, so it is that I have bene visited with sicknos and ame
as yt weako, so that I have not bene able to accomplishe my dutie in
tryall thereof, accordinge to my comyssion. And nowe, havinge re-
covered somewhat of my disease, I entende by the grace of God to
ffinishe the profe therof. And whcaras I dyde promyse before youre
honnore halfe a no wee, I doo not mys dowte thereof. And yft" the nexte
doth fall any better which 1 ame in good hojie then shall it be showed
to youre honnore, and accordingelie one Saturdaj'o next to bringe a
sample therof to the courte. Thus muche I thoughtc it my dutie to
signifie unto youre honnore. And so leavinge to trowble yo" further, I
restc prayinge the Almightie God to protecte yo". Ffrome the howsse
of .Johne Nighelson, scituat in Easte Smythfeilde, the xxvi'' daye of
November, A" ir)77.

Youre humble servaunte to commaundc,

J on n as Schi'itz.

Too the righte honorable Mr. Secretarie Walsinghame, one of the
(^uenes Majestic previe consail.

{Colonml (52. Domestic Eliz., cxviii, No. 43.}

NOV" 26^« 1577. FROM D" BURCOT : WHAT HE THINCKF.TH THE
GOOLP OGRE WILT, YEELD BY THE TONNE.

After most hartic and humble oommendacions. Whereas the Queenes
.Ma"" (as I perceave by yo' honors lettres) hathe required me to make an

194

STATK I'APKUS

assaye and to shcwc my judgm' in that ooyrc w^') Captayne Ffurbyshcr
brought into this lando, the truthe ys, I have so donne, and I desire
yo'' bono'" to advertize her highnes that I have assayed and proved yt to
the uttermost by dyvers and sundry assay es, and fynde not therein
suche greate ryches as ys spoken and reported of. But the truthe ys, I
have founde that in an hundred weight there ys half an onzc of golde
in the blacice ooyrc that ys x ounces yn a tonne. Also, 1 fynde one
other redd ooyre bearinge twoo ounces in an hundred weight, that ys
fFortye ounces in a tonne. And yf the same be well husbanded by a
skyllfuU and expert man, that blacke oore will yclde in the great fyer
half an ounce, and beare the charges of nieltinge and puryfycnge of yt.
I wolde therfore wysheher highnes toallowc some yccrcly consyderacion
unto some expert and skyllfuU man in the knowledge of myneralles that
yf any suche roughc wycld and forraync ooyre at any tyme, hereafter
happen to commc into this landc that he by his true assayes thereof may
certyfie her highnes of the juste encrease of the same at his owne charges
that thereby her Ma"'' and subjcctes may not (as heretofore they have
bynne) be disccaved by suche vayne and untrue reports. And further
that suche skyllfuU man maye tcache othcres in the same expeiyence of
myneralles yf at any tyme hereafter the like vyage shalbe made for the
like or other ooyre whose knowelcdgc of the travellers mayc greatly en-
crcso the comiuodytie of the viage, whoe by his instruccions in the same
knoweledge may learne a brcvyate and shorte assayo in the tryall thereof
w"i out any charges, fFurnys, or other instrument. And that in suche
shorte tyme that they maye thereby make xij assayes in an houre, what
goodnes ys in suche ooyre, and then to take the good and leave the
badd. If age and sycknes did not so oppresse me, but that I were able
to travell therein myself, I wolde willinglie bestowe my dyligence in
that service. Thus I leave yo'' bono'' to Qoddes direction, prayenge for
her Ma'''^'^ longe and prosperous raigno. Dated this xxvj"' of November,
ir)77. Yo'' bono™ at coramaundemt,

Hurchard Kraurych.
To the Right WoorshipfuU S'' Fraunces Wiilsingham, Knight, Chief
Secretary unto the Qucenes Ma"", my singuler good frcnde gyve these.

\_Coloni(d, ()3. Domestic Eli:., cxviii. No. .')4.]

;3() NOVEMBF.R, 1577. FROM MICHAEL LOK, OF .lONAS, NEAV
MANER OF TRYALLS OF THE OOOI.D ORE.

Right honorable. I wrote you a letter vj daies past, w"'' I sent by
Mr. Furbusher, myndingc at that tyme my sellf and Jonas to have byn
will yor honor at the court this dayc. The onely cause of our staye was
that Jonas is raakinge triall of another order ot mcltinge to be used in

PRKVIOUS TO THE THIRD VOYAGE.

195

the

the grosso worke wherby to melt the ore, w^i" halfe the charges and tyme
of the ordinaric use of the grosse workes, and w"' all to receave the fyne
gold out of the fyer molten wth out any maner of yron or other matter of
the ore to hynder the same, w^'Mvork is already done after one maner in
grosso order, and found very good, and by Monday or Tewcsday next
wilbe also finished aftcx another manor, w^'' is also hoped shall fawlle
out as good or rather better. And therw"'al we will repayre to yo' honor
w"i full and parfect resolution of all matters to good lykynge by Oods
grace, or on Wednesday to Hampton Court bycause it is nercr. And
then, also, I wyll certyffy yo' honor what I fynd in S^ L. Ducket and
S"" R. Hey ward, for the matter declared to me by I\Ir. Waterhowsse this
mornyng, accordinge to yo"" letter received then, also of hym who sayethe
that he also wilbe w''' yo"" honor at the Court on Monday or Tewesday
next w'h answere therof.

That wc'' I wrote yo>' honor in my letter sent by Mr. Furbusher touch-
inge the rychesse of the urc, is very trcw. Yt grevethe me to see so
moche tyme lost before we begyn to gyve order for the makyng of the
furnasses for the grosse work, w^ii of necessyty must be done before we
shall have any goodues when all is sayed and proved that can be done,
I know not wherto to impute the fault, but to a schisma growen amonge
us commissioners, througho unbelefe, or I cannot tell what worse in
summe of us, w^^ the tyme must open. And thus for this tyme humbly
1 take my leave and commytt yC honor to Godes protection. From
London, this 30 November, 1577.

Yc honors most bounden,

Michael Lok.

I send this berer, my servant, purposely wt'» this letter, and yo' honor
niaye command hym to retorne at yor plesure.

To the right honorable Mr. Francys Walsinghiim, Chyef Secretarie of
the Queenes Matie, &c.

Delyvred at the Court.

[Colonial, 61. Domestic Eliz., cxviii. No. 42.]

NEW

sent by
avc byn
aye was
used in

A NOTE OF ALL SUCH CHARGES AS SHALL AMOUNT IN MYLTYNOK
DOWNE THE O0^VL^) 0"\VKE, AND OTHER CHAROES AS FOL-
OWETH, BY MR. JONAS SHOWIER ACCOUNT.

Inprimis, every touno waight of owre to yeald the sommc of .
Item, for the l)yldynge of the worke howse and furnysses
Item, for the charge of xij workemen wykely
Item, for cole, wood, fflowshe, and lead, to mylte it doiine
wykely ......

o a

xxx"
iiijc"

v''

xv''

19(1

STATK PAI'KRS

Item, that thu siiyd Jonas shall trye vi^^ the sayd charf^es afore
say wykole ij tone wayto of owre w'' shall ycald in fyne
gowld the somnie of ... . xx'"""'"''

•Jonnas Schiltz.

[Colonial, East Indies, 69. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 15.]

AGNELLO ON THE TUIAT, OF THE ORE.

Molto Magnifico et honorando S^ raio essellcntissimo.

Non voici S"" mio chc pensasti ch' io fussi cossi inal crento che attanti
die hora non fussi stato el debito mio ad respoiuler alia vostra cortese
ettera scrittamc di 7 del passato ma la causa 6 stata ch' io desidcramo
di rispondemi cou qualche sustautia, il chc volendo fare son stato for-
cialo di far molte cspcrienze et prove per conoscer la natura di questa
minera portata in (^uesto regno dal S'' jNIartino Furbishcr; ultimauiente
di poi molte prove fatte ho trovato che bisogna separarc la parte sul-
furea combustilc con conscrvatione dell' oro che in essa si sitruova, et piu
glie uecessario separarc quanto si puo la parte terrcstra, et ancora el
ferro che in essa si contiene, il chc fatto detta miuera sara piii facile
alia fusione et con maneo spesa, oltra di questo I'oro quale era disperse
per minima in gran quantita di terrestreitaet materia ferrea, sara redotto
pill unite ad diversi recuperare et unirsi insieme. Kl quale ettetto i)enso
haver trovato, la qual cosa se peusate possi suplirc al desidcrio di sua
Mat« me gli oferisco paratissimo. Ma perche intendo che vi sono molti
che si profcriscono et fano proforte grande a sua Ma'" io sarsi di opinione
che lei dettessi a cottare le lore proferte ch' io per rac son di gia vechio
ct impotente a durar piil faticha et tauto piu che questa non 6 mia pro-
fessione, per che veraniente io non adoperai mai metalli, glie ben vero
che esseudo io stato sempre desideroso de intendere i secreti de natura
ho peusato de intender la natura di questa minera come di sopra ho
detto. Non voici pere Sr mio che pensasti ch' io habbi detto questo con
intencione di non far piaccr et scrvitio a sua Ma'a quando gli pincera
comand . . . le ma Tho solamente detto per le cause sopra detto. Et cosi
facendo fine ct preyando TAUissimo vi conservi et i)rosperi, gli bascio
I'honorata mano. Di Lon. adi 20 di Decemb. del 77.

Tutto al comando di V. S.,

Giovanni Battista Agncllo.

Colonial East Indies, No. 64. Domestic Eliz., cxix, 8.

A NOTE OF THE CHARGES REQUISITE FOR THE TRIALL OF ONE
TONNE OF THE NORTH-WEST ORE.

Right honorable, — We have byn longe tyme about the second prooffe
of the ure, and doo well parceave that this foinace is not great ynoughe

IMIKVIOUS TO lllK THIKI) VOYAGE.

197

for the common ;^reiit workes of tho meltinge ami to briiigc the work to
tliat parfectiou w'' is deayred, and so moclic hathe Jonas said unto us
from the hegynnynge. And yet <voe doo fynd by these two profFes made
of c weight of ure apecc that the ure hathe in it more then the valew of
xl'' of money in gold in everie ton weight, after the rate that we fynd
and sawe the said two proffes. Also in this meane tyme we have had
triall of dy vers manor of workynges made hy sundry men for the bettar
preparynge of the ure that it might be easye in ye meltinge to avoydo
great charges, and we have had dyvers small proofles made hy them
wch have very good lykinge, but we are not able to say assuredlye what
they wyll fawll out in the great worke untill the fornaces be made for
the said workes. Thus is moche tyme passed awayc and money spent,
and yet our expectation not satisfied. Whcrfore we have thoughte good
now to drawe this matter to the best end that we can. And uppon
conferens had w^'' Jonas (whome we fynd very honest and trew in his
doingcs, and as our judgement wyll leade us the i)arfectest workmaster
in this art of his profession). We have tbus dealt w^'' hym as folowethe.
He sayethe that this here new proved is poore in respect of the pcce of
ure brought last yere, and of sum other brou^rht this yere, and of that
w^'' he knowetho may be brought the next y ire, and that it is of a
strange nature, suchc as he is not yet well acqut ynted withall ; but he
doutethe not in the great work, he will learne to knowe it parfectlye.
Neverthelesse, beinge, as it is or maye be, he dothe promysse to delyver
halfe an once of fyne gold out of everye hundreth weight therof at the
worst and least valew, and hopethe also assurediie to delyver so moche
more gold as shall pay all charges of the meltinge and workinge therof,
w"> an advantage wherein he will use Lis best endevour, as well fur the
servyce of her Ma^'^as for his owne credite. And for the reward of his
owne labour and industryc, he dothe reserve hym selfe to the good con-
sideration of her Ma''" and yo'' honor w^'' tho rest of the Lordes, dc.
syrynge that whatsoever it be he maye be made sure therof duryng his
lyffe by her Ma'ics letters pattenttes before he begyn the great workes
in the w'' letters pattenttes he is contented thor shalbe a mdicion sett
downe, that yf ho doo not parformc that w^'' before is declared tliat then
he wyll take no benefite by that graunt. And he sayethe that he hathe
no doubt that in the handelinge of the great workes hi^- doynges shalbo
suche as justelye shall deserve to augment his pcucyon of lyvingc hcre-
afi a' whatsoever it shalbe now. And touchinge the ordinarie charges
of workinge the ure to parfection, he is not able yet to saye justelye
what it wyll amount uppon the ton, untill he have made triall therof in
the great work ; but this much he sayethe that it wylbc under ten
poundes the ton, exccptinge the charges of buyldynges of the wuik-
howsso and fornaces, and so he wyll warrant it uppon forfeytuie of his
pcucyon. And hereuppou he repayrethc to the Court to take sum end
will jyi 11,, and the rest of the LL., w'li beinge done, he wyll go pre-

■^

198

STATE PAPERS

sontly to Bristow to Mr. Furbusher, vr^^ yo» good lykyngc, to vow a
place convenient to erect the workhowse and fornaces, and there to have
conferens w^'' the workmastcrs that shall erect the same according to
the plat, that he wyll gyve them the charges wherof he cannot judge
■w*-^ out conferens had w^^i them ; but ho thynkothe it wilbe under cc
poundes. Thus moche we have thought good to certiffy yC honor, and
in the rest thcrof hymsellffe shall satisfy you more at large. Robert'
Deuham is one suche as may be able to doo good sarvyccs to the Q.
Matie and stand the Company in great stoade whatsoever should happen
to Jonas, and therefore it were good he mought be remembered, w^^i' we
referrc to yo'" honors good consyderation. And thus God preserve
yo"" honor. From London, this vj December, 1577.

Yo"" honors to commaund,

W. Wynter,
Michael Loke.
To the right honorable S'' Ffrancys Walsingham, Knyght, one of her
Maties principall Secretaries.

dct.
At the Court.

[^Colonial, 65. Domestic Eliz., cxix. No. 9.]

^^ -' The great proofo of the black oure of Alom and chaync.
^) •' Thee third i)roofe of thcc read sand of Alom and chayne.
^^ '' Thee second proofe of thee read sand of Alom and clieyne.
^) * Thee oure of Ilynnesbury Gillcs.

{Colonial, (iQ. Do -lestic Eliz., cxix, 10,]

II.r MELTING I'UllNACES WILL MELT IIJ TON OF UUE IN A HAY
AND NIGHT OH UATHER XIJ HOWAKS VJ WORKMEN WYLL
SAllVE THESE II.T FURNACES AND ALL OTHEU AV0IIKE8 TIIEUTO
BELONGING.

For vj men men's wagys and meate a daye
And for other ydle tynie of work
Wob is for iij tons xx» wdiis j ton for

x«

vj« viij*

' llobrrt, originally written Willium, hut altcnHl.
- A small pioco of metal fixoJ to the piipcr liy wax.
•> Mark of tlic seal wax only remains.
■' I'lirt of ilii' Wiix only K.-ft.
f" Wax "Illy lift.

PREVIOUS TO TlIK TIIIRD VOYAOK.

199

For coles and wood to melt j ton j lode

For leade j ton for j ton ure w*^'' Icade wilhc gotten
agayne in the last almost iij quarters of it so is lost
liut j quarter of j ton worthe x'' the ton, w'' is for
j ton of ure .....

For fyar to rost j ton ure

For a man to attend the same j day

For mixture to melt the ure for j ton

iSuui £r) 5 a ton ure charges.

XX*

v.i^ Vllj'

XX''
X'"

{^Colonial, East Intlies, G7. Domestic Eliz., cxix, No. 12.]

DOCTOU BUUC0T3 ARTICLES AND CONDITIONS TO 8EKVK IN
I'YNING OF THK NOUTII-AVEST OKE OR ANY OTHER MINERALS.

Right honorable,

We have vewed all the waiter mylles neere London and
doo fynd the most of them to be tyde mylles w^li wyll not sarve to work
the ure.

Also we have vewed the Temple myll w*"'' Jonas dothe well lyke for the
watter course, but the same hathe very little or no ground wheron to
buyld the workhowsses needfull nor no place there for habitation of the
workmen and offycers rcquysyt for the workes.

Also we have scene the mylles at Dartfofd, whose water course Jonas
doth allso lyke well. And cousideryng the commoditic of the towne fur
habitation of the offycers and workmen also the water passage from the
Tames to the towne and the good store of fcwell in Kent, we thynk that
place good fo"" the purpose wherof this berar Mr. Furbusher can certyti'y
yo'' II. particularlye referring all to the consyderation of yo"" II. and the
lords of Ma'ifs honorable privie councell.

Also I have dely vred to Mr. Jjurkot yo'' II. letter and theruppon I and
Mr. Furbusher have had largo talke w^'' hym, and in the end we fynd
hym farrc out of reasson, and from that w>:'» he wrote to yo"" II. as you
shall parceave by the writinges herew^'uill scut of his doniaudes ; also
Jonas is not wyllynge to joyue w''' hym, and by our conferens had we
doo see that Burcot wold doo in the workes no more but the same
w^:'' Jonas would doo and wyll doo and in sum poynttes not so moche
nor so well as at yo'' 11. commyng to London you shall more largely un-
derstand. The first thing that now is to be done for erection of the
workehowsses for the ure is this : to wryte yo'' II. letters to Mr. Bartye,
husband of the Duchessc of Suflolk to send hether Sebastian, a dockeuian
who now makethe certayne mylleworke for hym at Grymsthorp, w^i'
workman must make the btllowes wheeles and all other tymber-work.
Also yo> letter to sum fryn[d] to send hether Ikndrick the dockeman

;iU()

STATK I'AI'KRS

bryklor or mason who is now in work at the glasschows in Sussex at a
place called Lokwood, these ij incu w''' Jonas must presently vew and
measure the plat of ground for erection of the myllo and furnaces and
ordeyne for the plat of the work and for the stufte to work w^'all and
huyld w^'all. Also uppon yo'' II. resolution what place you think most
nieete to erect the workchowsses. The ownar therof must be agreed
W'lall presentlye for the same before we can begynne the workes of
buyldynges. All other matters appertaynynge to the premycises may
staye untyll yo" II. come to London.

And thus I commytt yo' hoi. or to Almighty God.
Ffrom London the xiij of December, 1577.

Yof honors most bounden

Michael Lok.
To the right honorable S^ Francis Walsingham, knight, one of her

JVIat'os principall Secretaries

At the Court.
[Inclosure i.]
The 9H» December, ir)77.
Mr. Doctor Burcot shall doo as folowethe : —

1. lie shalbe chycf master of the workes of provynge and mcltinge the
ures here at home ycrelye and in his owne parson shall see and ordayne
and command the same.

2. He shall dcly ver halfe an once at the least of fyne gold for every
hundred weight of the ure, fiee and clcre of all charges of fTyer and ad-
ditions for the melting and mens labour for the workyng and all other
charges except the charges of buylJyng and iustrumenttcs or workyng
tooles.

And this shall he parforme or ells shall loose his pencion of cc" and all
other intertaynement.

Mr. Doctor Burcot shall have as folowethe : —

1. A pencion of cc'' 3'crely during his lyfFc.

2. And xx" day for his dyat when he or his deputye workethe.

3. And a better reward when the myncs prove bcttar and 1" before-
hand bcsydes his pencion. And this shalbe parformed to him by suffi-
cient bondes.

[Inclosure ii.]

Artyclcs off Burkard Krainghe off the meltine and tfyninge of that
ooyrc that ys brought into this land and that w^i here after shall come.

Inprimis that he will be a master teacher and instructor of Inglyshe-
nien how they shall melte this prcsente blacke ooyre or any that comyth'3
here after to puryffie and fyne yt and bringe yt to parfl'yte gold.

Item he will also have sucho men as he will chuse and apounte they
shalbe bound to the hole fellowshipe and unto him not to departc fromc
this busynes wtl^out the masters lycense and good will havingc ther wages
rcasonablye appounted unto tliem.

I'RKVIOUS TO TlIK TIIIKU VOYAOK.

201

Item he will also erecto and buyld a inolteno house w'*" vj foriiaccs
axiltres, fyningo ovene vj pare otF bellous w"» all other instruinentca
apperteyningo to suche a house of his owno device and knowlage pro-
fytablo and mete for suche meltine at the fellowes cost and charges.

Item he will have too hundred pound ayeare duringe his naturall lyfl'e
quarterly to be payd and one hole quarter' in hand, and the next
pament at oure Lady-duy next followinge, and xx' a day for his charges
holy day and workie day as ofte as he ys in and aboute that busyncs and
yf yt fortune him to be charged w"' bod3'lie syckenes and be not able to
travile in the same arte and be present himselfe that he may have a
sufficicntc man ther in his place in the meane tymc and the same ac-
countes and the xx" to be payd monthly.

Item he will also have by that same meltine house sufficientc rostino
house, coyle house, v,^^ [)!ontye of wood ami coile.

Item the fame Burkard hath takine upon him \\^^ his afFore appounted
workemen and meltcrs to bring out of the blacke oorye that ys present
alredye in this lande halfc an ounce of a hundred weight gold and be •
sydcs that yt shall bcare reasonable charges so that he may have the
samp ooyre cleancly delyvered unto him w'''out earthe drosse or stones
havinge wood and coile w^^ workemen at ye queues pryce.

Item will gyve a note what maner of bellowes and other instruracntcs
nessessary appertayninge to the same mayd here in London and carryed
to suche a place as the Mr. and fellowes thinke mete to be buylden.

Item, he will instructe and teache to make proves and sayes to one
man that will go suche a vioage agaync to bringe over treasure and
ryches to pay for all and leave suche pooer and wyld oorycs behind yf
ther be suche ryches in the land.

Item he ys also content to traviil his old body in thefellowshipes cost
and charge to vew se and fynd out in this land a place for buyidinc suche
a house bothe mete and profytable for the beste cheape of meltine and
bringine in of the oorye.

Item, he will also make sayes of this oorycs that is in this land adver-
tyce the comyssioncrs of the ryches of the same of his owne cost and
charge, and in his owne house and showc and teache how yt sliall be
brought oute in the greate fycr because he hathe his pension for
y" same.

Item, he will also have tow notable men in the fellowshipe that shalbe
bound unto him in a pare of indentures and he to them for the hole
fellowshipe wol» one of them shalbe appounted to pay him at f'tymes
for him and his men ther wages an his pension and xx' a day.

Item, yf ther shall here after any more suche ooyre come into this
laud w'" shall beare the charges and be more profytable then thys ys
that where he hathe now xx" a day then he shall have xl» a day.

lolc quiirtcr" erased, and ulUrcJ to trvf'ti pound."

202

STATK PAPERS

Item, that yf ho do not pcrformo the aflbrcsayd artycklcs thou ho
shall losse his pittanc and therto I have sette my hand.

Item, ho will not have that his pension nor his xx' shalbo accounted
in *^he charges of the moltyng because yt is neyther for labourer nor
workmcnes wages.

Item, will also have that alwayes thcr shall remane a peace of mony
in the masters handes before hand in the buyldino and mcltine to i)ay
his men in dew season and he shall make acounto every sennet or xiiij
dayes at y leastc and send yt to him that payes the men to make his
booke wii' a trew accountes what is spent and payd,

Item, the M' will also instructe and teachc one of his secret and
bounden sarvantes and prentyce durynge his lyffe as he hatho partely
alrcdy done that yf yt happene that the same Mr dothc deseace or dye
that the same his mane shall knowe suche secretes and mystorics w*^''
every worke man and laborrer ought not to knowe so that his service
may bo followed in his desseaces and after his deathe and to be joyned
now w"' him in patent.

[Colonial 113. Domestic Eliz., cxxix, No. 2.]

.lANUARY 2, 1578. FROM MR. EDWARD FENTON, WHAT SUCCESSlC
HE HATHE HAT) IN TRATELING TO GET OWRE IN THE WEs^T
COUNTRIE.

My dutie to yo"" honor most humblio used. Makinge my L. of Bedfordc
acquainted wt'> her Ma''f8 commission and service I had in hande from
yor ho: he presentlyo directed his favorable letters unto Mr. Edgcombe
(whose skill and indginete for that purpose and service his L. thought
most suflSciente) to whom I repaired accordinglic. And making him
acquainted therw^'' I desired his speedie good help and furtherance in
the same and sheifest to be furnlished of that oure or minerall (Mr,
IJurcott) affirmed to yo'' honor to have receved of him and gotten in his
growndes w"'' he assured me by great othes was not true : for tho, same
oare .... delivered unto (Burcott) by one of his bretheren who
receavid the same of another m?u wcl» died longe time sithence, and
where he had the same he knowes not neither can it be learned of any
other. So that at my firste entraunce into the service I was voyde of
that hoope and hclpe I cheiflie exspectcd at his handes for the presente
supplie of the same. Wherfore seinge the uncertentie of his help and
that he sayde he had procured some other sortcs of oare but not readie
for me : I furthw^'" repaired into Corncwall to see what fruites I coulde
rcape, and fonde owt for that purpose by myne owne travaill : And
coming auiongest the mynes there (Christmas being at hand) and the
iiiyncrs being departed from their labours. Onlic in thende haping to

PREVIOUS TO THE THIRD VOVAOE.

203

one (Mr. Cosworth) recoavo' of her Ma^ws rovcncw there, W' whom using
some couferronco receavid botho greate courtesio for my self and fur-
thoraunco for the prescute service I had in haudo : ho travailed with mo
into sondrio places and to divers gentlemen of that shier at whose handes
and by whoso mcanes 1 was chcitlio to be holpen wti> such mincralls as I
serchcd for viz., Mr. Qoodolphin, Mr. Arundell, and others w^^ whom
after I had used some conferrcncc and given them some instructions
towchingo thaction furthw^'' dispatched their letters to their servauuts
best acquainted w^i" those cawscs to make presento serch for all oares and
mineralls remayniugc in their workes from whom I have receavid such
sortes of oare as I have sente to London (to Mr. Looke) putt in sevcrall
bagges marked w''' figures accordingc to a kalcudar hcrwith inclosed to
yo'' honor.

But the oaro (Mr. Burcott) had wherof Mr. Edgcombe delivered me a
peice, I showed to divers tynner.s and others of skill in mineralls, but
they never saw any sucho in Cornwall or other places of their workinge.

Creator speedc I could not make by reason thunfittnes of time as
absence of all workmen from their workes, neither a greator quantitie of
oaro w^i'sorte will best serve tho purpose it is gotten for, w*^'' I coulde
not do having no skill therin my self muchc lesse hero acquainted
w^'' any that could do the same. And therfore thought it not good to
eutre into any further charges therin till I receaved yC honors further
pleasurs and certificatt w"'' sorte or sortes therof will best aggreo
wt'i thaction it is provided for, W*! I will most dutifullie and readelie
foUowe accordingc to suche orders as yo'' honors shall direct mo for the
same, llumblio beseching yC" ho : to direct yo'' favorable letters of
thanks to (Mr. Coswarth) for the greate courtesie he hath shewed me in
this service craving pardon for my boldness I bescche God to blcsse
yo>' honors with good success in all yo'' actions. Ffrom Mount Edg-
combe the ijJ«of Januarie, 1578.

Yo' honors most humblie to commaunde,

Edward Fenton.

To the right honorable the Lords and others of her jMa'''^** most

honorable Privie Couu.saill.

haste.

[Colonial, 113. State Papers. Doineatic, t'liutbeth, Vol. l-2\), 2, i.J

XHE KALLENDER OF SUCUE SOUXS OF OAllE AS I HAVE SENT IN
SOUNDUIE BAGOS, VIZ.:

The first sort or kynd being liek copper called myiidick j^rowclhc in
i^t. Awstell Clives 3 milles from the haven of Foye.
There is lick to be good stoare therof,

204

STATK PAI'KRS

2. The second sort comonly ciillod l>y the tynners callo, there is great
Ktoftrc and dyvcrs kynd.s tliernf (^'rowiiiff in St. Tow iind other iilaccs 3
inilleH from the sea sydc: and from the haven of Foye vij inilles.

3. The third sort lyko unto tynne or lead,' groweth in St. Aw.xtell in
the Hovcrall grownd of Ilugho Collyns of Tregonie, ij milles from the sec
and vj from Foyc.

4. The iiiji'iHort growctho in the parish© of Piryn in the grownd of
(Mr. John Nance) and was one of the niyncs (Mr. Burcot) wrought for
silver : ho gave to the honnor yerely v oz. of silver, it lyethe w'''in 2
milles of New Kaie a littell harbor now dekayed, the work standethc xxij
fothomes deape of water and the loadc therof a foatc broade.

5. The fift sort was gottin by mo and Mr. Coswartho in a silver work
of JMrcotts, at New Kaio, hard by the see side and in the parishe of
Si Collom (the lower, the loade scant a foat broade), I fownd also in a
howse hard l)y the same, certayn slago w«'' he used to melt downo the
same oare w''' ali, of what substaunco or from whence it came, I could
not learne; i'. is £,mongest the oorc in this bagge.

0. The vj'" contayneth 4 sorts of oorc received from Mr. Barnard
Penrose dwelling nigh llelston.

7. The vij'i' sort was gotten in the parishe of S' Tannesse, her
Ma''^ j'and, hard uppon the see side, the loadc not above a haiidfuU
broad.

8. The viij •' bagge contaynethe 7 sorts of oare w''' their loads. Re-
ceived of Mr. Edgcombe.

B'ower sorts of oare in 4 severall baggs, marked w^'i the letter M., from
Mr. Michell, of Trewroo.

Indorsed. The sortcs of myneralls received from C. Fcnton, from
Cornwall, the 8 Januarie, 1578.

[Colonial, 131. State Papers. Domestic Eliz., Vol. 12!), No. 43.]

THK XVIJ DAYE OK FEBKOAV.VUY IN AN" 1578, OF X'' 01' OKK

Min.lYD AT DAUTFOKDE.

A COWNT MAJ)E OF X" OF OllE
MEI/lYl) W""' CAME OUT OF THE JUDETII, AND 13"^ OF ORE
W'=" CAME OUT OF THE NOKTIIF, AND 0<-' OF LECTAGE "NV^"
CAME FUOME TOAVER HIGHXT — 26c IN ALL.

Where of came iij*^ \ of ryche leade, and that beyinge fyndc downe
there came viij oz. of sclver, lackynge ij'' wcyght, where of bcyngc
partyd, came of gowlde one q3 q"" oz. and xviij grains.

■ Where of came out of the leade ore and the lytarge, \s<^^ was xvijf ^ oz.
^ qvS> wo'iis X oz.

' 111 llio toppo of this bagge jou shall fyud ij peees of oare joUo coller
gotten at New Kuie.

puKViors lo riiK tiiird voyaoi

2().-)

Then mcltyd the l)^t(irgc w^i' tho slugs whcro out is come ije of leade,
w '' ij' of leado howldcth V oz.

All 80 there flotlio rcmivyno in stone iij'" |, w'' howldyth all v o/,.

There rcmjiyriH iij'' of lend at 30'

Where of all is xviij oz. of solver w"' gowldo.

Tho gowlde w"'' is thcro io is ^ oz. 40 grains, w"i> is 35« in valow.

There remayns wij oz. j qr. iij' weyght, k of solver, where of we takr
out X oz. for the xvj • ore and leetarge. Hoste iu selver of owre owne
ore 7 oz. j qr. 3' weyt ^.

(On dors.)
Howe mych tho x'' dothe make.
Fursto, in sylver 17 oz, j qr. 3^'' weyte, at
Then tho gowldo J oz. 40 grains, at .

Then 3^ lead lefte, at ....

Where of aliato for x oz. w •' cjvine oute of the ore and let-

targc of the northo .....
The rcste clyer, w"'" is corao out of owi- ^ tunno of ow'

[Colonial, I'.i-i. Domestic, Eltz.,cx\x, }^o. 15.]

\ NOTK OF THE VALUE OF 200 W'^'^ „p qAPE OOTTIiN IN THE
COUNTE99 OF WAnWICKS ILANDE IN (mETA INCOQNITA)
AND PUTT UOWNE BY ME, JONAS 8HUTE, AT THE TOWER
HILL, THE XXIIIJf' DAIE OF MARCHE, 1578, AND PUTT OF
ON III 8EUEUALL TESTES CONTEYINQE GOLD AND SILVER,
AS FOLLOW^", VIZ.

The prooffe of the first test.
The first prooffe waighed in gould and

silver, vnrefyned . . . 11 oz.4 pennyc w^i' IG graines.

Being refyncd, in gould and silver . 11 oz. 1 penny w''''and 11 gr.
In gould, beinge parted . 20 graines and 3 quarters.

The prooffe of the second test.
Tho secondo waighed in gou'.J and

silver, vnrefyned . . . 1 oz. 3 qrters and 14 gr.

Being refyned, in gould and silver . 1 oz. 7 penny w"'' 14 grs.
In gould, being parted . . 1 penny w"'' 4 gr. 3 qrters.

The prooffe of the third test.
The thirde waighed in gould and silver,

vnrefyned . . .10 oz. 14 penny w^it 18 gr.

Wherof there is a litle sample kept of

the same for a sutle prooffe, if need

require.

206

STATK PAPERS.

x" m

XXXVi

JJcing refyned in gould . . 1 oz. 13 penny w^'t

In gould, being parted . 1 penny w" 8 gr. 1 qrtcr.

The qu<antctie of gould and silver refyned in the iii tests.
The whole weight of the gould refyned ) 3 penny W'*^

araounteth to . .) lOgr.d.

The whole w" of the silver refyned ) 4 oz. 19 penny ) xxvs

Cometh to . . • ) vv't 3 grs. d. ) vii'' ,

The quantetie and rate of thaditamcts use in thies prooffes.
In litarg 400 wo'^held in silver . . . 2 oz. d.

In Icade TjC pownds w^'t held in silver . . 1 qrter. of an oz.

All w='' Cometh to xiiii" iiij', w<='' (I knowc) rcmayinth yet it the litarg
and leade, and so will allowe for the same.
So that after this rate it comcth in the toone

towards all chargs .... xvii'' xviij" ix''
Wherof, I the said Jonas descireth allowance for waste Ivii' ix''
And so I, the said Jonas Shutc, promisseth to make

of euyre ton towards all chargs . . . xv''

STATE PArERS RELATIVE TO TITE OUTFIT FOR
THE THIRD VOYAG ].

I. A I'KOPORTION OF THE CHAUGES FOR A TIIYRD VOYAGE.
If. THE NAMES OF 8CCII GENTLEMEN AS WENTE IN THE l^T AND
2^" VOYAGE NOW IN CONSIDERACION OP THEIR SERVICE, TO
BE RECEIVED AS ADVENTURERS, GRATIS.
III. INTERTAYMENT OF GENTLEMEN AND OTHERS UNDER MR. FENTON

TO INHABITE THE NEW LAND.
IV. INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN TO MARTINE PFROBISER.
V. THE INVtSTORIE OF THE SHIP AYDB.
VI. THE (lABRIELL PRICED AT £hXXX.
VII. THESE HAVE NOT PAYD THE 3"" OF MAY, l.")78.

!!^

I (

Mai

Moi

ir
Mor

si
Mor

'o
Mor

at
Mor:

at
i\Ior(
Men

m(
Men

iiu

STATE PAPERS RELATIVE TO THE OUTFIT FOR
THE THIRD VOYAGE.

[Colonial, 8H. Domestic Fliz., cx\iv,'ii^o. ].]

A niOPORTlON or THE CHARGES FOU A TIIVUD V r AG L XO TIF K
NORTilWKST TO FITCII 2000 TOONES OF OOIIK AND TO VITIAI,
AND KEEPE THERE 100 MEN 18 MONETHES.

1>''1 li

Twoo thowsandc toones of oure to be brought home at

xxx'' It toonc amounteth to .

Wherof
I (leraaunde to furnishe the A>/(ie and GahrieU in

presente and roadie monie
More for the wages of 80 men for v monethes at

xxvjs. viij(i?. le monthe le man to be paid at per

reatorne .....
Two shipps to be procured more of her Ma"", viz., one

of 400 toones and thother of 200 toones throughlio

furnished w^^'' tackle and munition w"'' maic

amounte to ....

Marioners to saile the same ij shipps 150, at

xxvjs. viiijf/. le monthe Ic man in prest .
More for vittelling of thies 150 sailors at \\s. b

monthe le man for vij monthes .
More in prest for 1 20 pyoners to be convoydc in thies

shipps for ij monthes wages le man at xxs. le monthe ccxl''
More for the vittelling of thies 120 pyoneers at xx«.

'c man le monthe for vij monthes
More for iiij monthes wages for the pyoners to be paide

at their reatorne ....
More for v monthes wages to be paide 150 uaarioners

at their reatorne ....
More for wea[)on and armo'' for thies 120 men
More for soMio'" and pyoner.s being 250 to be bestowed

in shipps to be fraighted at xxvj.v. viij'^. Ic man le

monthe for ij monthes in presto
More for the vittellinge of thies 250 men for vij

monthes at xx.*. Ic man for cverv month .

tlxxxiij" v)< viij

mmmdc''

\'i

mV/

dccCjXl''
cccciij'"'/t

cxx''

dclxvj" xiij" iiij
nidccl''

210

STATE PAPEUS RELATIVE TO THE OUTFIT

ccl"

More X hall p or tcntes for their harbof . . ccxl"

More for armo'" and weapon for theis 250 men at xxs.
lo man .....
More for yronworke for tooles for the same pyoncrs

and for viij smithes, their fouvdgcs and bellowes
Ffor powder for their defence one lastc . . c''

More to be paide in wages at their reatorne for iiij

monthes . . . . mmdclxvj" xiij' iiij '

More for the fraight of 1200 toones at c.?. le toonc . vji"'Zi.
Sum of all the charges to be disboursede

as appereth by this particular. . xx"id,ccc,xxxvj'' xiij" iiij'l

And so remains cleare . . xxixmclxiij" vji viij''

Mil that there is in readie monio to be disboursed for

the fetching of theis 2000 toones but . vj'"'dlxvj" xiij« iiij''

Besides the ij shipps of her Mai-''- \v«i> maie come to . mmmdcii
A proportion for 100 men for victuall and wages to inhabit the North-
west.
More for the vittelling of 100 men to remayne there "I

at xx'' le man for the ycre and the proporcion to
aunswere xviij monthes . . . mmm"

More for their wages at xx"* le monthe le man . mdccc"

The Comoditie to be gayned by them.
Thies 100 men being laborers shall gctt in this xviij
monthes towardes their charges 2000 toones of oarc
w^'' shall yeldc xx" le toonc cleare amounting to
the some of .... xl'i'^i.

M(i that to fortcfie and provide dwelling for thies 100 men
w"' munition for their defence is further to [be] provided and consi-
dered of.

[Colonial 89. Domestic Eliz., cxxiii, No. C>0.]

THE NAMES OF SUCIIE GENTLEMEN AND OTHERS AS WENTE THE
FIRST AND SECONDE VOYAGES W '" MARTIN FFROBISHEU INTO
THE LANDS NOW CALLED "META INCOGNITA," LATLIE DIS-
COVERED BY HIM TO THE NORTHWEST AND NOW IN CON-
SIDERACION OF THEIR SERVICE TO RE RECEAVID IN AS AD-
VENTURERS GRATIS, FOR SUCHE 8EVERALL SOMES OF MONIES
AS FOLLOW^", VIZ.

The Names of the Gentlemen.
Edwarde Ffenton his lieutcnaunte, by lando and .sea in those

partes. . . . . . . c"

Gilbcrte Yorke his vice-admirall to go and reatorne w^li the fleete 1"

FOR TIIK THIUl) VOYAGE.

211

George Best

Richarde Philpott

Ilenric Carcw .

Edmonde Stafforde

Fraunccs Brakenburie

John Lee

William Tanflldc

Edwarde Ilarvic

JVIathew Kindersley

Thomas Chamberlaine "j

Abraham Linche > .

Dennys Potle )

Roberto Kindersley "I

Ilenrie Kirkman /

Lucko Girido, vice-admirall at Meta Incognita

The Maistcrs of Shipps and others.
Christofer Hall, M"" in thadmirall .
Charles Jackman, M'" of the vice-admirall
James Beare, M'' of the Reare admirall
Andro Dyer, M"" of the shipp that staies in the countrey
Nicholas Chauncelo'' havinge been bothe the voyages

remayne there ....

Richarde Coxe M"" gonner of thadmirall
Nicholas Counzer that tooke the man Thomas Boydcll .
James Wall is, hurte and mayraed by the countrey people

and to

1«
1«

xxv''
xxv"
xxv"
xxv'*
xxv''
xxv"
xxv"

xxv"

xxv''

XXVI'

xxv'«
xxv''

xxv"

xxv"
xxv"
xxv't
xxv',

[Colonial, 91. Domestic Eliz,, cxxiii. No. 51,]

INTERTAYNMENT OF GENTLEMEN AND OTHERS IN THE VOYAOE
UNDER MR. FENTON, TO INUABITE IN THE NEWLAND
META INCOGNITA.

Mr. Captayne Fenton

George Beste . .

Richard Philpot

Luke Ward

For ij Icwtcnanttes, eche

For ij enscignes, eche

And all the rest of the gentlemen

And all others, soldyars, maryuar.s, 6i.c.

lib

•

lib

li5

li-2

• >

li-1

• .

li\

1(1

li\

the raoutl

le.

010

STATK rAPFRS RTILATIVK TO THK OUTFIT

{^Colonial 87. Domestic Eliz. cxix. No. 46.]

Tlhat Jouas may have Ic^i. pension.

Shippes to be sent for v">' ton weight.

A niynor to Jig half ton adaye, in 28 days — a month.

i'- niynors for a mouth to digg

ii'' niynors ....

iiic mynons . . . .

jmt iii.' ton.
ij'"' viij"
iij'n' cc ton.

Y<= freight at iij' y ton

Wages for yf raynors.
. ix"'t poundes.
Edm. Ilogan, Sf W'" Wyntcr, Ilumfrcy Lock, Rich. Ydya, Furbisher.

Dee.
Palmer to be allowed as an officer.

W'" Umfrey to be used. Ilumfrey Cole. Burchard to make a prooff
of jc weight of ye ure in y" towre.

\^Colo7iial, 93. Comcay Papers.']

INSTUUCTIONES GEVEN TO O" LOYINGE FKIND MARTINE FFRO-
niSEn, ESQUIER, FOB THE ORDER TO BE ORSERVI'.D IN illS
VOYAGE NOWE RECOMMENDED TO IIIM FOR THE LANDK
NOAV CALLED 13Y HIR MA"f' META INCOGNITA TO THE
NORTHWEST PARTES AND CATHAYE.

Ffyrst, you shall enter as captain generall into the charge and govern-
ment of theis shippes and vessells, viz., the Ayde, the Gabriell, MichaeU,
Judethe, the Thomas Al/ine, Anne Fraunces, the Jloppewell, the Mone,
the Ffea\nices of FfoTj^ the Thomas.

Item, you shall appoynte for the furnishinge of the Ayde, Gahriell,
MichaeU, and Judith, fFour-skore and ten hable and sufficient marinores
and 130 pyoners and 50 soldiars, for the sarvycc and ladinge of all suche
shippes and vessells as shall go under yo'' charge and be appoynted to
retourne againe w''' yo" for that purpose, and of the sayd shippes or
vessells, and maryners, pyoners, and soldiors, you shall leave to remaync
and to inhabite in the lande nowe called Meta Incoijnita., under the
oharg and government of Edward Ffenton, gent, your Lieutenaunte
Generall, the O'abrieU, the MichacU, and the Judethe, w^h fortic hable
marioners, gonners, shi[)wrights, and carpentars, 30 soldiors and 30
j)yoncrs, w"' sufficient vittalle for xviij monthcs for their provisione, re-
leife, and mayutcnance, and also munition and armoure for their dee-
fence, w'l nomber of pcrsones befor specified you shall not exced to
carrie nor levc their.

Item, that the vittalls for vij monthes w"'' you deliver into the Ayde
for provisone of 90 persones goinge, and to retorne in the said shippe,
you shall carefulye "ee the same preserved and used in sarvyce w"' out

FOR rilK TllIUl) VOYAOK.

213

[e Ayde
Ishippc,

lyth out

spoyle or hurto takinge by nccligence. Item, you shall make a juste
iuventorie of every shippe to the companle bclonginge of all the takcll,
munitione, and funiitur, to them lielongingc at their scttinge fourth
from hens and the coppie therof under yo"" hand to be delivered to
Michaell Lok, Treasorer of the Company. And the like to be done at
yo"" retourne home, of all thinges then reinaynyng in the said shijjs.
And the like care you and yo'' Lieutenauute Generall shall have of the
victualls that shalbe by you delivered into any shippes or vessells what-
soever, for the provision of the 100 men appoynted to inhabite their.

Item, you shall not reccve under yor charge and government any dis-
ordred or mutinous ])ersonc w'' shall be appointed to goo or rcmayne
their, but upon knowledge had to remove him before you departc hence,
or ells by the way assone as you can avoyd hym.

Item, you shall use all dilligcnce possible to departe, w''' yo'' said
ships and vesselles frome the portes where they now rcmayne, before
the firste of May next cominge, and to make your course eather by the
northe or the west, as the winde will best serve yo".

Item, when you shall passe the landes of England, Scotlande, or Ire-
lande, you shall direct yo'" course w''' all yo' shippes and vessells to the
lande now called Mela Incoijiiita, and to an ilaml and sounde' there
called the Countess of Warwickes Hand and Sounde, being w'ldn the
supposed straight, w^^i we name Ffrobisers Straight, discovered by
yo"" selfe 2 yeres past, and in yo"" voyage thither wardes you shall have
speciall regarde so to order your course as yo"" shippes and vcs.sclles do
not losse the Companye one of an other, but may kepc company to-
gether. And the lyke also in yo'' retorne homewards. And yf any
wili'ulnes or negligence in this behalfe shall appeare in an}' personc or
persons that shall have charge of any of the shippes aforesaide, or yf
they or any other shall doo otherNVj-^se then to them appertcyneth, you
shall punishe suche ofFendor sharplyo to the example of others.

Item, that at yo>' arryvall at the Countesse of Warwikes Hand and
Sounde, you shall theron saffitee harbour yo"" shipi>s and vesselles, and
frome thence ^ou shall repayre to the mynes and myneralls of the same
iland wher you wrought this laste ycarc w"' myner.s and other men and
furnyture necessarie, and ther shall place the myners and other men to
worke and gather the oare, foreseinge they may be placed as well frome
dainger and malyce of the people as frome anye other extremitye that
maye happen.

Item, whyles these mynars are workyng in Warwyke Sound, you shall
cause serche to be made for other mynes in other [)lace3, and yf uppon
good proofe made, you shall happen to fynde other mynes to be richer
then thcis frome whence you had yo'' laste yeares ladingc, then you shall

1 Another hand. Nut fur )•' I^^le of l''<)^/,lin iu tlie wcy.

STATU PAPERS UKLAlIVK TO TIIR OUTFIT

prcsentlic remove the shippesand myncrs to the same phice of mynerall,
and to lade of tho same yf that may be done convcniontlye.

Item, to searche and consider of an apte place whcr you raaie best
plaute and fortefye theise c men wh you shall leave to inhabite there
aswell against the dainger and force of tho natyvc' people of ye countrcy
and any other y' shall sekc to arryve ther from any other part of Chris-
tendom,'^ as also to prevent and fore see as neare (as you cane) all other
extremities and perills that mayc happen, and necessaries to be con-
sidered of for them.

Item, you shall leave w'b Captan Fenton, yo' Lieuetenaunte General!,
tho government of those TOO persons to remayne in that countrie w''' in-
structions howe he maye best observe the nature of the ayrc, and may
discover and knowe the state of the countrie from tyme to tyme as
mocho as may be, und what tyme of the yeare the Straight is most free
frome eysse kepyng to y" end a journall wckly of all accountes, wt-''
whome you shalle leve the (JahrieU, the Michaell, and the Judith, w"^''
suche proportion of victualls and other nccessarie thiugcs as are alrcdye
appoynted to him and his companye for that purpose suppliing his want
w^'' able and skyllfuU men for that purpose, and wi'^ any other thingea
nccessarie w"'' you or any other of the shippes maye conveaioutlie spare
at yo'' reatorne.

Item, we require that you shall instructe all yof people rather to
muchc then any thiuge to littell, aswell for yo'' owne saffetyo there as of
suche as you shall leave beliinde you, that when you or they shall
happen to come to have conference wi'> the people of those partes wher
you shall arive, that in all yo'' doyngcs and theirs you so behave yor selves
and theyme, towardos the said people as maye rather procure their
frindships and good lykings towardos you by courtesyes then move them
to any offence or myslikiuge.

Item, uppon yo"" arrivall at the place before specified, and after you
have bothe harbored saftlie yo"" ships, sett yo"" mynurs one worke, and
also have taken sufficient order for plantinge of those men w-''* shall in-
habite ther, and appoyntinge in yo"" absence governors for all theis
causes. We will then, yf leasure and tyme wille permitt the same that
you w^'' the ij barkes shall repaire towardos the jilace where the first
yeare you lost yo"^ men, aswell to searche for mynes there as to discover
GO or 100 leages further wcstwardes frome that place as ye oppening of
yn Streight by water will lowe, as you may be certayne that you are en-
tride into the Southe Sea couuuonly called Mare di Sun. And in your
passage to learneall that you cane in all thinges, and take parfect notes
therof, not tarringe longe frome your shippes and workemen, but that
you mayc be hable to retorne homewardes w"' them in due tyme.

' [Nutyvf] lidded by Lord BurUigli.

■ [Of CliiislLiiiluniJ luklcJ by LurJ Burlcigli.

I'OU THK TlIIKl) VOYAGK.

315

Item, you shall well consider what place may he most aptcst further
to f'ortifyc upon hereafter (yf nede retjuier), hothe for defence of the
niyners and also for posscssinge of the countrieaiid bringc home w'" you
a perfecte platt and parfecto notes therof to be kept in sccrcat, and so
delyvred unto us.'

Item, you shall not suffer any shippe or shippes beinge laden w''' oaro
to sett sayle or departe from the place of their ladinge till the daye fixed
in their charter partye except you see good cause othcrwyse. And be-
inge so laden and redy to retorne homeward you shall reetayne them in
ilote and in companie all togethers as mucho as in you liethe, and as
the wether wyll suffer untill your rctorno into this realme of England
and arrival! at the place appoynted in the River of Thamnics for un-
ladinge of the same.

Item, for the succession of the Oenerall Governour of this whole
voiage (yf he should fortune to die) for avoydinge of stryffc and kepingo
of peace and fryndship there be the names of iiij gentlemen privatlio
sett downe to succeado liim in his place- on after y other which ar seve-
rally wrytten in paper included in balls of wax sealed w'h hyr Ma'ies
signett and put into boxes locked w''' sevv-rall keys whcrof on in your
custody.*

Item, for the better and more circumspecte executions and dotermi-
nacion in any waightie causes incident on land, we will that you shall
call unto you for assistantcs your Lieutenaunt Generall, Captayne Yorke,
Richard Philpott, George Beast, and Henry Carewe, gent., w''' whome
you shall consult and confere what is beste to be done in the said causes,
matteres, and actions of yraportaunce touchinge this service undertaken.
And in all suchc matteres so handcled, argued, and delmted upon the
some to rest, to be allowed, or disallowed at yor owne ellection, and that
alwaies to be executed W'l you shall thiuke meeteste w^h assent of any
ij of them in general consent.^ And like wysc in matteres of weight
concerninge all yo'" shippes good government, aswell at the sea as in
harboure, o'' wille is that the forenamed gent, and Christofer Ilawle,
Charles Jackeman, James Beare, and Andrcwe Dier, ministers, in cer-
tayne of o"" shippes, presentlie ymployed in this north-west service,
shalbe assistaunte unto you and consontinge to all determynacones con-
cernynge the same. And in casse that of suche conference and des-
coursinge the opiniones of the aforesaid assistaunco be founde in cffecte
any waye to differ then o"" will is that thexecution of all suchc matteres

' After us, " here to the Treasorer of the Companye " written and ex-
pnnctetl.

- [On custody], Lord Burleij^li's hand; also the note.

" Three keys, Furbisiier, Feuton, a mr of a shipp. See last paragraph
hut tiro.

* [W'li to consent] also wrilton in margin by Lurd liuilcigli.

216

STATK rAPKllS UKr.ATIVi; TO THK OUTI fT

so arpfiicd upon shall rest to he i)iit in execution in suchc sorto as you
shall thinke inoste motost, having the assent of any ij of them.'

Item, becauso the tcmitrature of those northe-wcst partes and boundcs
of seas and landcs are not yet sufRcicntlie knowne (w'' thingo wc prin-
cipallye desyere), and for as much as vcrye good opcrtunitio in sound-
ric respectcs mayc fallo out in tyrae of yo'' absence to purchaze or
attayne to the same, wc thinko y' verye necessaric and to your better
desert worthclic apperteningc that you shall enforme, advise, and aucto-
rysho by yo"" owue hande writtinge, in the beste manner you cane devise
howe anyc further descoverye, understandinge, or knowledge of the fore-
said landes or seas (confynynge, borderinge, or lyinge, wt'jn 200 leages
of the place wher at this voyage the habitacone or fortification of o"" peo-
ple shalbe sctled or situated) mayo be executed and achevcd by yor afore-
said Lieuetenante Oenerall or by suche other parson as he or the most
parte of such as hereafter shalbe named to be his assystance shall deme
and judge most apte and sufficient for the accomplishingo of the service
their unto apperteynirge.

Item, that you shall have speciall care and geve generall warninge
that no persono of what cawlinge soever he be shall make an assayo of
any manner of mcttalle matter or oore on the foresaid partes of Meta In-
coynita, but onlie he or they to whome the offyco or feate of assayes
iTQakinge is asigned or comitted (onlie yo"" selfe, yor Leutenauntc Gene-
rall, and yo'' substitutes before named, from this article to be excepted),
nor any persone under yo"" government shall take uppe or keape to hira
selfe and his private use anye parte or parcell of oare, precious stone, or
other matter of comoditie, to be hade or fouude in that lande but he,
the said person so seazed of suche oare, stone, or other matter of com-
moditie, shall w''' all speade or so sone as he cane detecte the same and
make deliverey therof to yo"" selfe or yo'' Lieutenaunte Generall upon
payne to forfite for evcrye ounce therof the valewe trible of any wages
he is to receave after the daye of suche ofi'ence committed, and further
to receave suche punishcment as to hir Ma"'' shall seme good.

Item, or will is that you shall cause a recorde dilligentlye to be kept
in wryttyng of all suchc oare, myncralls, stones and other matters of
vallew gotten or founde in that countrie, aswell of the time and place
and places when or whear all and everye suche oare, minerall and
other matter of suche vallewe is or shulbe founde or gotten, as also some
j)arte, portion or example of all and everye the said oares, myneralls
and other matter of vallewe in apte and peculiar boxes cause to be re-
served w''' theire due titles and notificacones. And further cause dulye
to be layed uppe in the said boxes the severall rates and trycd valua-
cions of all assayes ther made of any the foresaid oaves and niyneralles,

' [lluvinp;o tliem], T,ortl 13urU'it,'b's liaii.1.

- [llir Mut'eJ altered to us, but alteroil back again by Lord Burleigh,

FOR IMF, TIIIUI) VOYAOK.

217

A ilonhle of
tblH liixik tu
biJ Ill'iiln,
Hiid hriiii);lil
liniiic III iin
other Hlilpp.

and all those foresaid boxes so furnished and distinctlie noted at
yor rcatorno to the citie of Loudon you shall deliver or cause to bo
delivered to the tresorer of the corapanyc of adventurers for those
northowestc affiiyres, as well for the better directione and dcalingo
heare after w^' any the foresaid oares or myncralles ther as for the
better and speedie account and reckinge, makinge in grosso heare at
home of the valewe of suchc quantitie or masse as any of them shall
hether be brought. And of these doinges make two bookos, to bo kept
in ij scverall shyps.

Item, that the marioners of all the hired shippes imployed in this
sirvice shall gcve, joyntlyo rv"' all the other companies of o"" owne
shipps, iij or iiij dayos travail and labor towardcs thiutrenchinge and
fortifiinge of the place, wher tho leutenante generall w''i his charge
shall remayne to inhabite there.

item, that you shall make yo"" directo course from hence as ncare as ^ , |^ j„„.

you cane, w^'' all suche shippes as passe under yo'' government, to the tey'iinun ye
land now called Metn Incoijnita, and their lade 8U0 toones, or so muche IikLmi in
more as the shippes of retorne cane safflio carrie of suche oare as you fii'.or i ii'ur-''
/ alredic have founde ther this last yearc, or rather richer yf you cane '''*-''' J

fynd the same. And so havingo laden your shippes w"'' the .said
nomber of 800 tonne •/ u.jTq, as is aforesaid, shall make yc direct
course frome thence into this realrae of England into the river of
Thames, where the shippes be appoynted to be unladen of the .same.

Item, that everye capten and m'' of every shippe ai)poynted in this
voyage shall joyntlie under their handes writingo by indenture deliver
unto you a note and estiraacone of suche nomber of toones of oare or
other matter of vallew as they shall receve into their shippes theire.
And all the sam^ indentures to be registred in one booke, wherof iij
copies to be made, and to be put in iij scverall shypes to be delyvred to
the tresorer of the corape at retorne home of the shypps.

That a minister or twoo do go in this jorney to use ministration of
devyno service and sacraments, accordyng to ye churche of England,
Nota, yt the victalls, munitions and other thynges to be carryed to be
equally distributed into ya shippes, for dout of miscarrying of some of
tleii.e.

\ iva, in yor waye outward bound, yf if wylbe no hynderans to the
rcHt of yor voyage, you shall doo yo'' cndevour to dyskover the new
laud, supposed to be Ffryzeland, and to gett the best knowledge that
you can of the state and nature therof. And yf you cannot con-
veniently doo it in yo"" waye outward bound, then doo your attempt
h . . . . in yo'" waye homeward bound at retorne yf the same may be
dou(! convenieutlyc.

Item, when you shall passe, etc.

Item, that yf there should happen any person or persons ymployed in

Vn lincik t .
lie iMili'iilC'l
(F.ciid liiir
leiyli.)

(I.nrd liiir-
leii;li.l

218

STATR I'ArKHS UKLATIVK TO THE OUTFIT

chis Hcrvico, of what culling or comlition ho or they shall be, should
coriHpiro or attcmpto privatlie or pul>likIio any treason, mutanio or
other ile.sonler, either towchingo the takin^jo awiiio of yor owne life or
any other of aucthoritie under yo", wliereliy her Ma'*'^ service in this
voyaf,'e nii{;ht therhy 1)0 over throwen and ympu^ned, We will therforo
that upon justo prooiFe made of any such treasons, mutanio or other
desordcrs attempted as aforesaid, the same shalbo punished by you or
yC lieutenant gencrall, etc.,'

w^h are severally wryttcu in paper included in baw'cs of wax, sealed
w"' her IMa"'" signet, and jxit into two scverail boxes, locketl w"' iij
severall keys, wherof one key in yo^ custodie, and one in custodie of Kd-
ward Fcnton, and another in custodie of Christofer Ilawllo. And the
same two boxes to be put in ij severall shyps, to saye, one boxe in the Aijde,
and the other in the ship where yo"" lieutenaunt gencrall shall passe.

Item, for the succession of the lieutenant gencrall of those c men
w^ti shall reinayno and inhabito there, there bo named iij parsons to
succcdc in order and manor as is sett downo before in the Article for
the succession of the gencrall.

Item, that there be made a doblc of this Commyssion to rcmayuc
wi'' the lieutenant gencrall.

Indorsed, 1578. Commyssion instructions to Mr. Ffurljusher to goo
to sea, No. 1578.

IColonud, 127. State Papers. Domestic Eliz., Vol. 12!), No. 30.J

THE INVENTAHIE OF THE SUYP AYDE.

(2d page.)

The Inventarie of the shippo Ayde made the 10th of Fcbruaryo, 157l.

In primis her furniture as she was bought of the (Queues Ma''o in
Aprille, ir.77.

In primis, the bowsprite w^'i ij double pullies and iij shevers of bras.

The Bolt Sprite. — Item the yardc ; the saylle (worne) : the hallyares
w^'' ij pullies cocked w^'' brasse ; the lifts w"-'' iiij puUes ; the braces,
w"^'' 2 puUes, ; the shcate, w^'' pendannts ; the ij shankes paynters w^''
chaynes ; a boult, a collar and chaynes of irone j the mayne staye ; the
davctte w"> a claspe of irone ; ij shevers of brasse to the davetts a grap-
nell w"' chayne Host) Catts a false tyre for the spritte saile; the clewlynes.

The Fore-maste. — Item the mast w'l' a shiver of brase in the heade ;
the fore topp not ; the yard w^'' gror -ts ; a swifter one aside w^'' iiij
puUyes, worne ; the saylle viz., corse and bonnet, iij parts worne ; ij
pendants on a sydo w''' iiij pullcs, one shevercd, and one cocked ; ij
takels one a syde y/^^ iiij pules iij coked w"' brasse ; vj shroudes on a

' There is nothing lost lure. Tlio jjcrson wlio drew up this draft has re-
written this passage to make it mure clear.

Foil TIIK Tllinn VOYAOH.

219

aydo ; the stayo ; tho lyftcs w'h iiij pullics ; the tyc, wornc ; the hall-
yarcs w''' one shcvcr of braso in the raincH head and ij cocked in the ramo
hcdd ; tho parell w"" lanycrs and brcst ropes ; ij trusses w"'' ij i)ulio9 j ij
liowlines (worne), w''' a dol)le hlockc and ij sliyvers of bras ; the braces
wf' iiij pulles (worne) ; tho sheuts w^'' ij puUes cocked w''' bras j tho
Hhivcrs of brasse in tho shippea side (none) ; tho tacks (oao of them
ncwe) ; the martenetts ; tho botts taclo w"' iij shyvers of bras.

TliC fore tope muste. — Item, tho toppe niasto w'h a cocko of brasso in
the heado ; tho yarde ; the sp.ylle (iij parts worne) ; j taclo on a sido
w"| iiij pulles ; iiij shroudes on a side ; iiij puttocks on a sydo ; tho stayo
and back.itayo ; tho tye and haliiers w"' ij |iullies one shevercd and ono
cocked w^'' brasse ; the liftes w"' iiij pulles ; the sheates ; the parell,
broken, laniers and brest ropes ; the trusc w''' ij pulles ; tho boulinos
wi'' ono doblo (polle) ; the braces w"^'' iiij polios ; the clulines w"' ij
pulles ; j crane line, ba'j;c and one pendante pulle.

Tlie muijne lauste, — Item, the masto w''' ij shivers of bras in the heado
(the uiayne topp nawght) ; tho y.ird w'^ grometts and stapells (broken
and nawght) ; tho saylle, viz., corse and bonnetto (good) ; tho drabler
(ncwe) ; j swifter on a side w''' iiij pulles (iij parts worne) ; iij pendants
one a side W' vj pulles on a shever of brasse, and ij shevers of l)rasse for
the botts tacle (tho tackles worne) ; iij tackells on a side w^h xij pulles,
iij cocked w<li brasso ; viij shroudes on a side ; tho staye ; tho liftes
w"' iiij pulles : the sheates supplied w^'' ij pulles, one shyvered w'l' bras,
and th' other cocked with bras (the sheates worne), and ij shivers of
brasso in tho shippes sido ; the tacks ; the tyo (halph worne) ; ij
shevers of brasse in the knight ; the haliiers w''' iij shevers of brasse, in
the knight and ram heado ; the parrell w^'' laniers and brest ropes ; tho
trusse w'l' iiij pules (nowght) ; the murlinetts (worne), and vj pulles ;
the garnette w''' ij pulles w''' iij shevers of brasse ; tho braces w"' ij pulles ;
the bowlines ; the clulines.

The maijne tope masle. — Item tho topjie and masto w"'' a shever of
brasse in the hcade ; the yarde ; tho saylle (ncwe) ; j tacle one a sido
w'l' iij pulles ; 4 shroudes one a side ; v puttockes one a side ; the stayo
and the backc staye ; the liftes w"' iiij pulles ; the sheatts w"' iiij pulles
ij shevers, one of them brasse and ij cocked w^i^ brasse, and ij of brasse
iti the bubbridge heado (none of brasso) ; the tye and haliiers w"^ ij
pulles one shevered and ono cocked w^'» brasso ; the bowlines wf' one
dulilc pulle ; the braces w^'' iiij pulles ; the clulines w^'" ij pulles ; tho
the cluliue a rano bagge and one pendante nullc.

The myson maste. — Item the maste, w''' a shevere of brasse in tho
hfiid ; the yarde ; the saylle, viz., cor.se au'! bonct, nawght ; a swifter on
a side w'" iiij pulles, the swifter's na'*. ght ; v shrouds one a side ; the
staye ; tho tye and haliiers wf' a shyver of bras, and brcst ropes ; tho
trusse w^'' ij pulles; the lyfts w''' ij pulles; the bouliues — nou ; tho
sniitingo line — non ; tho parell ; the niyzon niartinotts.

220

STATK PAPERS UELATIVE TO THE OUTFIT

The mison tope mnste. — Item the tope and mastc ; iij shroudcs on a
side ; iiij juittocks on a side ; the staye.

The lioten maste. — Item, a shcvcr of brasse in the headc ; a paynter
choyne ; a davett w"' a shcvcr of irone ; a windlcssc ; a mastc w"-'' a
sayll ; a rothcr \v"' spindcU and capps — (lost).

7'he akijjfe. — Item, a skyfle ; xij ores ; a rothcr w''' yronc worke —
(none).

Implements. — Item, a mayne capstaino w''' collor and i)aull of yronc

and iiij l)ares ; paulc non nor bars ; the fore capstcnc W" a pauU of

yrono and 2 barros ; a state pompc \vt'> a bracke ; a bed sted and a table

in the captaincs cabbinc, the table broken ; a payre of bilbowes w"' vj

shakells; a grinstone vvf' spindle and wiiichc of irone; a coper kettell ;

ij mcate kettclls, one very smallc ; a barrc w''' a chayne and iij hockcs

in the cooke rome to hange the kettell one; but iij ankers, ankers great,

iiij ; cables of xij ynches that the shijjc i.s morcd by, ij ; cables of xj

ynches — iij, ij of thcni nevve, one of the ij of 13 inches, one of them a

juncke and cut ; cables of x ynches, j halfe worne ; cables of viij ynches

for a botte rope, j halfe worn ; cables of vj ynches, j newe, .^^pent and

gone ; geste ropes of v ynches, j halfe worne ; condinge hausers of v

ynches, j ; hausers of v ynches, j ; fat>) (fathoms I) of a hauser of v

ynches, x fathom ; ^ britton tackell w^'' iiiij shcvers of brasse and one of

irone coked w^'' iij blocks and j pcmlante taclc, j ; boye ropes, j ; catto

ropes, ij worne ; faeks of coylle of iij ynches, x fcthem ; peces of coyles

of ynches and ynches and halfe, iij peces ; llaggs of Sainte George, j

worne : compasses, ij ; runnyngc glasses, j nawght ; soundinge lynes, ij ;

soundinge leados, iij, ij ; bucketts, ij ; boules, iiij ; shovelles, iiij ;

skoppes, ij ; spare pulles great and small, vj, ij coked w"i brasse ; niar-

lienes, ij bundells ; ratline, shyvcs ; twine, x" ; item, uoults of niid-

drcmaxo, iiij ; calappes, v ; piche pottes, j nawght ; fisho hokes, ij ;

leache hokes, ij, j ; loft'o hokes, iiij ; balieste basketts, ij ; canne hokes, j

pare ; fides, ij ; boyes, iiij, iij ; catte hokes sheverod w''' brasse, ij.

Summa of all, w"'' coste . . " . . viij<' 1''

And the ordenans and munition aperiuge hereafter, w«''

coste .....

Summa of all this shipp as ytt cost, amounteth

We doo thincke that the foresaid ship, w^'» her masts,

yards, sayljs, anckers, cables, and other taikle and

apparell '.onteined in particulers before sett downe in

this boo'k, so as the saume may be dely vered according-

lie, to be wortho ....

Item, more for v peces of brasse in this book a.'"ter specy-

fied aiuongu the ordenance and munitions, beingc ij

mynious, and iij" fawcons, weyingc iiiji"''' v<^ xviij"

waight, at iij" p"" c', cxxxv" x" And more for v

iij"! xlv"

xjc iiij XX xv(i

vij''

I'OR Tlir, 'IHIKI) VOYAOK.

OOl

XVJi

cariadges pcrtcineinge to the saidc peces pr estima-
tion, iij" vj' viij'' .... cxxxviij" xvj« viijJ
Suinma totalis . . viij'' xxxviij" xvj" viijJ

(Signed)

W. Winter. Will'" Ilolstok.
The rest of th' ordenance and munitions, in this inveutorye we tiiinck
them nott mete, for the Quenos Ma'''".

(The above letter is crossed off in the original.)
The xxiij ' of Februarie, ITiTS.
We doe thinck yf the foresail! ship, wi'" her masts,
yards, sailes, anckcrs, calilcs, and other talkie and
apparcll contcned in particulars, l)cfore sett downe in
this book, so as the same may be delivered according-
lic, to be worthc .... dec''

We doe also thinck y' the v pcccs of brasse in this book
aftc spccefied, amonge the ordenance, to be worthe the
monyo they are rated at, and racto for her Ma^'" W'
tlior V cariadges, pertaining to them, w"'' dothe
amount unto the some of . . . cxxxij'' ij« xj''

Totalis . dcccxxxij" ij" xj''

And as touchinge th' other ordenance, and munitions conteyned in
this inventoryc, we doe not thinck them mete for her highness.

(Signed)

W. Wynter. Will"" Ilolstok.
More the ordenances and mimitiou put into the shippe, after she was
l)rought w^^ dide cost as followcth : —

Ordenans of brasse
Mynyones, ij waingo 22<'«t. 2'i" 4'i'' at 3'' per cwt. , £67 13 4

Fawcons, i waingo T'^'- 2'i''^- 14"'- at 3'' per cwt. . £22 17 6

Kaucons, ij wainge IT)''"'- at 40" S' por cwt. . . £Zd

And for the carriages of all 5 peces . . . £0 13 4

£132 4 2

Of cast yrone.

iSacres, viij waingo . . . .'i'on 12pwt.

Mynyons, j wainge . . . Unwt.

Fawcons, v wainge . . . 2'"" 2c"'-

Summa . . 8""' fl^wt.

At £12 a ton
And for 14 carriages, all .
Fowles, vj . . )

Chambers to them, xij . J '^""^""^ ^^ ^''' 1^*-''-° '
Munition, as followeth: —

(•wt. qrn. Ihg

Sacre shot, round, ij'vij . . . 10 1 (i

Fawcone shoto, rounde, Ixix . .12 4

i'9!)
17 13

222

STATE PAPERS RELATIVE TO THE OUTFIT

Colveringo shot, rounde, xix
Mynion shot, rounde, xvij .

Summe waing .
At 10 shillings the cwt.

Crosbar shotte.

For sacres, xlix .
For fawcone, xxvij
For mynione, xj .

Summe .
At xxiij" per cwt.

Chayne shotte.

For sacres, 14
For fawcone, 7

1 2 4
2 14

i;j 3 18

cwt. i|rs. lbs.

3 1

1 1

2 14

5 14

cwt. qrs. lbs.

1
1

Summe . . I

At xxiij* . . , .

Stone shote.
For fowlers, liij, at xij'' . , .

Ladells w''> staves for sacres and mynion, 15, at xij'J
Sponges and staves for sacre, mynion, and faucon, 12, at
AJj"" ......

Rammer staves, 20, at 8'^ .

Formers for sacre, mynion, and fawcone, 3, at G'

Armo., and weapon, and munitione.
Calivers, 38, whcrof 6 w^'out stoks.
Flaskes, 16 . ^

Toche boxes, 10 . ( at 13''' 4^ . . .

Moldes, 20 . )

Matche skines, weyinge cc''"' at 16 shillings the c
Bowes of ewe, 25, at 3^'' 8'' .
Shcfcs of arowes, xlv, at 2'*'»
Bow stringcs, dossen, vij, at 8''
I'artezans, iiij, at 13"'' 4''
Blackc byllcs, xvj, at xij'^ .
Pykes, 5, at 2"'' .
Crowes of yrone, 9, at 4''''
Trunkes of wyldc fyer, ij, at 5'*''
Balles, wilde fyer, 15, at 3'''
Arowes, wilde fyer, 11, at 1*''
Pykes, wilde fyer, 5, at 5'<'' .
A drylle, j, at .
Tiiinpyous, 2i), at 1'' pece

liG 18

115 18

!i] 8 6

(il 13

no 15

liO 12

Ho 13 4

liO 1 6

li25 6 8

in 12

lU 11 8

HA 10

liO 4 8

li2 13 4

no 16

no 10

ni 16

no 10

n2 5

no 11

ni 5

//(» 1

no -2 a

FOR THE TllIRU VOYAGE.

223

A gowge, j, at .

(Jhjssells, iiij, at dJ . »

Peckers for stone shot, j, at .

A sleilgc, j, at

Spare trockells, ix, at 12'' a pare

Summe this sydc
The last syde

Summe of all this, which costo

liO 6

HO 2

HO 6

^tO 2

no 4

IW.i 5 8

li295 15

;;345 8

8 G

6 8

1:5

'")

()

[Colonial, 133. Domestic Eliz., cxxx, No. 10.]

MARCH 20^^", 1578. VUOM MR. TIIO. ALLAN. THK "GABRIEIl"
PRICED AT LXXX£. MANYE THYNGS IN LOCKES HANBES TO
BE SOULD AND TO REE CALLED TO HIS REARE ACCOM PT.

My dewtie remembred : hit maye please youre honor to undarstando
that I have rcceved ij letters this daye from youre honor, the one
towchingc tl j ordenancc to he soldo, the other for the G 'iryell, wch letters
I ansurc. The ordenance ys solde by the bryngar hereof to one Clement
Draper for xij'' the towne, rcdye monye, as he saythe to me, he havingo
a lysence to transcporte the same, wich lysence yt maye please your
honor to sonde, and then the monye shalbe recevcd by mo, and pado
owte agayne to these men. Ilavinge some asystance vi^^ me of the
comyssioners at the payment there of wiche I desire to have IFor my
dyscharge acordinge to ordar.

Andc for the Oabryell, she was prascd by Mr. Locke and others at one
hundrethe and li pounds. I sawo yt to moche. I browght hire dowi..
to c'' ; yet no mane wyll by here at that prycc, so I have offered hire
iiii^x'i, and that I do here that Mr. Furbusher haytho byden for hire ;
but I thingke redye monye ys owte of the waye w^'' hymc, so I sent
Clynton to knowe whether he wolde have hire or no, or else I wolde yt
myght please youre honor that Sr Nycolas Malbe maye have hire, and
paye vs this monye I thingke well of yt.

S'', I wolde these men weare pade; I ame sore trebled wt^'' them;
youre honor sonde them to me they sayc, and youre honor knowythe I
have no monye to paye them. I have had iij fytes of an agoo ; Gode
sunde nie to be quyte of yt. This is the gayne I do posesc by foUoyng
of this besynes.

Sr, there ys manye things to sell yett, wiche do lye and arc in Mr.
Lockes kepinge, and there ys no mane taketh charge or care of them,
and what he can sell he doythe, but pay the no mane a penye. It weare
very goode that youre honor wolde commande that all things myght
be solde owte of hande by a daie, and that Mr. Locke myght be

224

STATK I'APKUS HI-.LATIVK TO THE OUTFIT

tlyschargcd, and that he myght then bryngke in his rcare acounte, and
so to dcalo w^i' hym, for that he doytho owe to the com[)anye, that men
myght be pade, and that yourc honor myght certenly knowe what ys
yet owynge to men, and agayn what ys owingc to vs to dyscharge them,
for yt doythe lyngar to longe for oure proffyt. This I take my leave of
youre honor, wryten this xx" of Marche, 1578.

Your honars to comavnde,

Thomas Allen.
To the Right Honorable S"" Frances AValsingham,
Knyght and prensepall Secretorye to the
Queues Ma^'^'.
20 March, 1678.

[Colonial, 95. Domestic Eliz,

THESE HAVE NOT PAYD Til

My Lord Admirall

My Lord Tresorer

My Lord Chamberlan

My Lord Leycestcr

My Lady Warrwyk

Mr. Secretarie Wulsingham

My Lady Anne Talbot

Sr John Brockett

Sr William Wyntar

S'' Leoncll Duckett

Mr. William Pcllham

Mr. Thomas Randolphe

Mr. Edward Dyar

Mr. Somers .

Mr. Coyar .

Anthony Juukynson

Jeffrey Turvyle

William Paintar

Richard Cowland

Mathew Fild

Thomas AUyn

Robert Martin

Christofer Androwes

Sf Thomas Grcsham

Martin Furbushcr

My Lord Camberlau, Whaterton

Thomas Owen

, cxxiv, No. 2.]

E 3 MAY 1578.

SUik I!

. ^135

iildingcs.

£20

. £35

. £135

£20

. £202 10

£30

. £32 10

. £G2 13

£38 15

£5

. £43 15

. £250

£40

. £67 10

£1(>

. £67 10

. £33 15

£5

£10

. £33 15

£5

£67 10

£10

. £67 10

£10

. £67 10

£10

£67 10

£10

. £32 10

. £67 10

£10

. £33 15

£5

. £33 15

£5

. £70

£40

. £67 10

£10

. £67 10

£1876

£260

. £33 15

£5

THE THIRDE VOYAGE OF CAPTAINE FRO-
J3ISIIER, PRETENDED FOR THE DISCO VERIE
OF CATAYA, BY META INCOGNITA. ANNO
DO. 1578.*

The Gcncrall being returned from the second voyage, im-
mediatlye after hys arrival in Englandc repayred with all
haste to the Court, being then at Windsore, to advertise hir
]\Iajcstie of his prosperous proceeding, and good succcssc
in this lastc voyage, and of the plenty of gold ore, with other
matters of importance which he haddc in these Scptentrionall
partes discovered. He was courteously entertcyned, and ,

luutily welcomed of many noble men, but especially for his
great adventure commended of hir Majestic, at whose hands Krobisi.pr

, , 111 • ODriiiiifiriiled

he rccevved great thanks, and most sr^'itious countenance, nfiiir
according to his deserts. Hir Ilighncsse also greatly com-
mended the rest of the gentlemen in this service, for their
greac forwardncs in this so dangerous toyling and painefull
attempte : but espcciallyc she praysed and rejoiced, that The genti

men eum-

among them there was so good order of govcrncment, so 'nenJed.
good agreement, everye man so ready in his calling, to do
whatsoever the Gcncrall should commando, which due com-
mendation gratiously of hir Majestic rcmembrcd, gave so
gicate encouragement to all the captaincs and gentlemen,
that they, to continue hir highnessc so good and honorable
opinion of them, have since neither spared laboure, limme,
nor life, to bring this matter (so well begon) to a happie and
prosperous ende. And finding, that the matter of the gold
ore had appearance and made shew of great riches and pro-
tite, and the hope of y" jiassagc to Cataya, by this last voyage
* Another account of this voyage was written by Thomas Ellis.

^26

THE Tin HI) VOYAOIi;

c<immi3- ffreatly encrcascd, hir Majestic appointed spcciall commis-

sioiioiH up- c) ./ .1 I i. 1

poititoato sioncrs, chosen for this purpose, ecntlcmen of great iudjje-
the ora ^ ""^ ^'"cnt, art, and skill, to looke thorowly into y'' cause, for
y® true trial and due examination thcrof, and for the full
handling of al matters thereunto appertaining. And bicausc
that place and countrcy, hathe never heretofore bin dis-
covered, and therefore had no spcciall name, by which it
BivoTtoUio might be called and known, hir jVfajcstie named it very pro-
discovered, perly 3Ie(a Incog^iita, as a mark and bounds utterly hitherto
unknown. The commissioners after sufficient triall and
prooffe made of ye ore, and having understood by sundrie
reasons, and substanciall grounds, the possibilitic and likeli-
hoode of y^ passage, advertised hir highncsse, that the cause
was of importance, and y« voyage gretly worthy to be ad-
vanced again. Whereupon preparation was made of ships
and al other things necessary, with such expedition, as
Yp time of the year then required. And bycause it was as-
suredly made accompt of, that the commoditie of mines, there
already discovered, would at y" least countervaile in all
respects, the adventurers charge, and give further hope and
likelihood of greter matters to follow : it was thought need-
ful, both for the better guard of those parts already found.
The hope of ^^j ("qj. fm>thcr discovcry of the inland and sccreats of those

the pftSRftge •'

to cntiija. countries, and also for further search of y® passage to Cataya
(wherof the hope continually more and more encrcaseth)
that certain numbers of chosen soldiers and discrecte men for
those purposes should be assigned to inhabite there. Where-

Afnrtotobe upon tlicrc was a strong forte or house of timber, artificially

built in ' , " ^ 'J

Mela ill- framed, and cunningly devised by a notable learned man
here at home, in ships to be carryed thither, whcrby those
men that were appointed there to winter and make their
abode y® whole yeare, might as wel be defended from the
danger of y'' falling snow and coldc ayre, as also to be fortified
from the force or offence of those countrie people, which
perhaps otherwise with too greate companycs and multitudes

OF CAPTAIN FROniSIlER.

227

might oppresse them. And to this greate adventure and
notable exploit, many well minded and forward yong gentle-
men of our countrey willingly have offered themselves. And
first Captaine Fenton, Lieutenant Gcncrall for Captaine
Frobisher, and in charge of the company with him there,
Captaine Beste, and Captaine Filpot, unto whose good dis-
cretions the government of that service was chiefly com-
mended, who, as men not regarding perill in respect of the
profitc and common wealth of their countrie, were willing to
abide the firste brunte and adventure of those daungers
among a savage and brutishe kinde of people, in a place
hitherto ever thought for extreme cold not habitable. The
whole number of men whiche had offered, and were appointed
to inhabite Meta Incognita al the yeare, were one hundreth a lumdreth

<^ •' ' nien ap-

persons, whcrof xl shouldc be marriners, for the use of ships, {Xlbu ^^
oO miners for gathcringe the goldc ore togyther for the nexte ""*'
yeare, and 30 souldiers for the better guarde of the restc,
within which last number are included the gentlemen, gold-
finerSj bakers, carpenters and all neecssarye persons. To
cche of ye captaines was assigned one ship, as well for the
further searching of the coast and countrie there, as for to
returne and bring backe their companies againe, if the
nccessitie of the place so urged, or by miscarying of the
fleete in the yeare following, they mighte be disappointed of
their further provision.

Being therefore thus furnished with all necessaries, there
were ready to depart upon the said voyage xv sayle of good Kifieene
shippes, whereof the whole number was to returne agayne
with their loadinge of gold ore in the end of the sommer,
except those three bhips, which should be left for the use of
those captaynes whiche should inhabite there the whole
yeare. And being in so good readynesse, the Generall, with
all the captaynes came to the court, then lying at Grecne-
wich, to take their leave of hir JNIajcstic, at whose hands they
all receyvcd greate encouragemcnte and gracious coun-

228

TIIR THIRD VOYAGR

tenance. II ir Ilighnesse, besides other good giftcs, and
A ciiByne of greater promises, bestowed on the Gcnerall a fairc cheync

RolJ given ,. i, 11 n , . i-ii-ii 1

t.) I'lo- 01 fcoul, and the rest or the captaines kissed hir hande, tooke

bishor. .

their leave, and departed every man towardcs their charge.

THE NAMES OF THE SHIPPES, WITH THEIR SEVERALL

CATTAYNES.

Captaync Frobisher.

1. In the ^yc/e being Admirall was ")

the Generall - - j

2. In the Tho. Allen, Viceadmirall Ca. Yorke.

3. In the Judith, Lieutenant Generall Ca. Fenton.

Ca. Best.

Ca. Curew.
Ca. Filpot.
Ca. Tanfield.
Ca. Courtney.
Ca. Moylcp.
Ca. Upcot.
Ca. Newton
Ca. Randal.
Ca. Kendall.
Ca. Harvey.
Ca. Kinnersley.

4. In the Anne Frances -

5. In the Hopewell

6. In the Beare

7. In the Thomas, of Ipswich
a. In the Emanuell, of Exceter
9. In the Frances, of Foy

10. In the Moone -

11. In the JS'ma, of Bridgewater

12. In the Salomon, of Weymouth

13. In the barkc Dennis -

14. In the Gahriell

15. In the Michaell

The sayd xv sayle of shippes arrived and mette togyther
at Harwitch, the seauen and twentith day of May, anno
1578, where the Generall and the other Captaynes made
view, and mustered theyr companyes. And every severall
Captaine receyved from the Generall certayne articles of
direction, for the better keeping of order and company to-
gitlier in the way, which articles are as followeth : —

Articles and orders to be observed for the fleete, set downe
by Captaync Frobisher, Gcnerall, and delivered in writing
to every Captaync, as well for keeping company as for the
course, the 31 of May.

1. Inprimis, to bauishe swearinge, dice, and card-playing.

OF CAPTAIN FlU)niSH?:R.

22J)

lowne

the

and filthy communication, and to serve God twice a day,
with the ordinarie service, usuall in churches of England,
and to clcare the glasse,* according to the old order of
England.

2. The Admirall shall carric the light, and after his light
be once put out, no man to go a head of liim, but every
man to fitte his sayles to follow as ncere as they may, with-
out dangering one another.

3. That no man shall by day or by night depart further
from the Admirall than the distance of one English mile
and as ncere as they may withoutc daunger one of another.

4. If it chance to growe thicke and the wind contraric,
eyther by daye or by night, that the Admirall be forced to
cast aboute, before hir casting aboute, she shal gyve warn-
ing by shooting off a pecce, and to him shall answere the
Vize-admirall and the Rcre- admirall with every one of them
a peece, if it be by nighte or in a fogge, and that the Vize-
admirall shall aunswerc firstc and the Rcre-admirall last.

5. That no man in the fleetc descrying any sayle or sayles,
give uppon anye occasion anye chace, before he have spoken
with the Admirall.

G. That everye evening all the flecte come uppe and
spcake with che Admirall at seaven of the clocke, or be-
tweene that and eyght, and if weather will not serve them
all to speake with the Admirall, then some shall come to the
Vize-admirall, and receyve your order of your course of
Maister Hall, chiefe pylot of the flecte, as he shall direct you.

7. If to any man in the flecte there happen any mischance,
they shall presently shoote off two pccccs by day, and if it
be by night two pceccs, and shew two lightes.

8. If any man in y^ flecte come up in y" night, and hale
his fellow, knowing him not, he shall give him this watch-

• In Earl Essex's expedition to Cadiz, Dr. Marbeck records that " to in-
culcate discipline and subordination, and to impress the sacrinlness of their
cause, the Lord Admiral had service performed three times a day, in ihe
niornin;^, in the evening, and at bed-time, at the clearing of the glasse.

In ISlanekley's Naval Expositor, 1750, under "Glasses Wutcii," will be
found " Being fouihours governs them at sea for ehauiging the watch."

230

THE THIRD VOYAGE

word, Before the world waa God. The other shall aunswcre
him, if he be one of our flcete, After God, came Christ, his
Sonne. So that if anye be founde amongst us, not of oure
owne company, he that firste dcscrycth anye suche saylc or
sayles shall give warning to the Admirall by himsclfe or any
other that he can spcake to that sailes better than he, being
necrcst unto him.

9. That every ship in the flcete in the time of foggcs,
whiche continually happen with little winds and most parte
calmcs, shall kcepe a reasonable noyse with trumpet, drumme,
or otherwise to kcepe themselves clccre one of another.

10. If it fall out thicke or misty that we lay it to hull,
the Admirall shall give warning by a peece, and putting out
three lightes one over another, to the endc that every man
may take in his sayles, and at his setting of sayles agaync
do the like, if it be not cleare.

] 1. If any man discover land by nighte, that he give the
like warning that he doth for mischances, two lightes and
two peeces, if it be by day one peece, and putte out hys
flaggc and strike all his sayles he hath aboorde.

12. If any shyppe shall happen to lose company by force
of weather, then anye suche shippe or shippcs shall gctte
hir into the latitude of and so keep that latitude, untyll
they gctte Frcesclandc. And after they be past the west
partes of Frcesclandc, they shall gctte them into the latitude
of and and not to the northwarde of and
beeing once cntrcd within the straytcs, all suclie shippes
shall cverye watche shoote off a good peece, and lookc out
well for smoke and fire, whych those that gctte in first shall
make every night, untill all the flcete bee come togithcr.

13. That uppon the sighte cf an cnsignc in the mast of
the Admirall, a pccce shotte of the whole flcete shall rcpaire
to the Admirall, to understande such conference as the
Generall is to have with them.

14. If we chance to meet with any enemies, that foure
shippcs shall attend uppon the Admirall, viz.— the Frances

OF CAPTAIN I'llOHISHEU.

231

of Foy, the Moone, the barke Dennis, and the Gabricll :
and fourc upon my Lieutenant Gcncrall in the Judith, viz.
— the Ilopciocll, the Armcnall, the Beare, and the Salomon:
and the other foure upon the Vize-admirall — the Anne
Frances, the Thovuts of Ipswich, the Emanuell, and the
3IichaclL

15. If there happen any disordered person in the fleete,
that he be taken and kept in safe custodie until he may con-
veniently be brought aboorde the Admindl, and there to
receive such punishment as his or their oft'ences shal deserve.

By me, Martin e Fkobisher.

force
gcttc

fourc
ranees

OURE DKrAUTURE FROM ENGLAND.

Having received these articles of direction, we departed
from Harwich the one and thirtith of May ; and, sayling
alongst the south partes of England westward, wee at length
came by the coast of Ireland, at Cape Clcare, the sixth of
June, and gave chace there to a small barke, which was
supposed to be a pyrat or rover on the seas ; but it fell out
in deede that they were poore men of Bristowe, who hadde
mette with suchc company of Frenchmen as had spoylcd
and slayne manye of them, and left the rest so sore wounded
that they were lyke to pcrishe in the sea, havyng neyther
hande nor foote hole, to helpe themselves withall, nor
victuals to susteyne theyr hungrie bodyes. Oure Generall,
who well understandeth the office of a souldioure and an
Englishman, and knoweth well what the necessity of thcAp,,ftjit.
sea meaneth, pitying much y" miserie of the poore men, re- * "
leived them with surgcrie and salves, to heale their hurtes,
and with meate and drinke to comfort their pining hartes.
Some of them having neither eatc nor drinke more than
olives and stinking water in many days before (as they re-
ported). And after this good deed done, havinge a large
winde, we kept our course uppon our sayde voyage withoute
staying for the taking in of freshe water or any other pro-

232

TIIK TIIIUI) VOYAOK

Miiikn thjH

Glll'lUllt.

WcRBt
Knglnnd.

vision, whereof many of the flcctc were not thorouf^hly
furnislicd (and sayling towardes the north-west partes from
IrcLind, wc mcttc with a great currantc from outc of the
south-west, which carryed us (by our reckoning) one point
to the north-cstwardes of our said course, which currant
seemed to us to continue itselfe towards Norway and other
the north-cast partes of the world, whereby we may be in-
duced to believe that this is the same whiche the Portugallcs
meetc at Capo d'Buona Speranza, where, striking over from
thence to the Straytes of IMagcllanes, and finding no passage
there for the narrowncssc of the sayde Straytes, runnctii
alongst into the greate Bay of Mexico, where, also having a
let of lande it is forced to strike backc agayne towardes the
north-east, as we not only heere, but in another place also, fur-
ther to the northwardcs, by good experience this yeare have
founde, as shall be hcereaftcr in his place more at large
declared.

Nowe had wee sayled aboute fou.ctccne daycs withoute
sight of any land or any other living thing, except certaync
fowles, as wylmots, nodies, guiles, etc., whiche there secmc
only to live by sea.

The twentith of June, at two of the clockc in the morning,
the Generall descrycd land and found it to be Weast Freese-
lande, now named AVcast England. Ilecrc the Generall and
other gentlemen wentc ashoare, being the fyrste knowen
Christians that we have true notice of, that ever set foote
upon that ground ; and therefore the Generall tokc posses-
sion thereof to the use of our Sovcraigne Lady the Qucenes
JNIajcstic, and discovered heere a goodly harboroagh for the
shippes, where were also ccrtaine little boats of that coun-
trey. And being there landed, they espied certayne tents
and people of that countrey which were (as they judge) in all
sortes, very like those of Meta Incognita, as by theyr apparcU
and other things wliych we found in theyr tentcs appeared.

The savage and simple people, so soone as they percey vcd

OF CAPTAIN FHOUISUKR,

2'.i3

our men comnunpj towardcs them (supposing there luul bin
no other worldc but theirs), flcddc fearfully away, ns men
muchc amazed at so strange a sight, and creatures of humane
shape, so farre in apparell, eomplexion, and other things
differentc from themscdves. They left in their tents all their
furniture for haste behindc them, where, amongst other
things, were founde a boxc of small nayles and certaino
redde hearings, boordes of firrc tree well cutte, with dyvcrs
other things artificially wrougiitc, whereby it appeareth that
they have trade with some civill j)eoplc, or else arc in deedc
themselves artificiall workemen.

Ourc mcnne broughtc awayc wyth them onelyc two of
theyr dogges, leaving in recompcnce belles, looking glasses,
and dyvers of oure countrey toyes behynde them.

This countrie no doubtc promiscth good hope of great
commoditie and riches, if it maye be well discovered. 'J"he
description whereof you shall finde more at large in my
seconde booke, page 5.

Some are of opinion that this Weast Englande is firme
land with the north-cast partes of Meta Incognita, or else
with Gronclande. A. id their reason is, bicause the people,
apparell, boates, and other things are so like to theirs ; and
ani)ther reason is, the multitude of islands of ise whychc lay
betweene it and Meta Incognita, doeth argue, that on the
north side there is a bay, whych cannot be but by conjoining
of these two landes togither.

And havingc a fayre and large windc, wee departed from
thence towardes Frobyshers Straites, the three and twentith
of June. But fyrste we gave name to a hyghe cliffc in
Weast England, the laste that was in oure sight, and for a
ccrtaine similitude we called it Charingc Crosse. Then we ( imiing

CrosBc.

bare southerly towardes the sea, bycause to the northwardes
of this coaste wee mctte wyth niuclie driving ise, whiclie by
reason of the thicke miates and weather might have bin some
trouble unto us.

234

THE THIRD VOYAGK

A wli.ale
Htroko 11
ship.

Frobishera

slriiitcs
(•111 Ufil up
Willi ice.

Si>"e wnlc
oiuiiiot \
fi'uttue.

On Monclity, the laste of June, wee mette with manye
greate whales, as they hackle beene porposes.

This same clay the Salamander being under both hir
corses and bonets, hapned to strike a greate whale with hir
full stemme, wyth such a blow, that the ship stoode stil and
stirred neither forwarde nor backward. The whale thereat
made a great and ugly noise, and caste up his body and
tayle, and so went under water, and within two dayes after
there was foundc a greate whale dead, swimminj^ Tvbove
water, which we supposed was that the Salamander stroke.

The seconde daye of July, early in the morning, wee had
sight of the Queenes Forelande, and bare in with the lande
all the daye, and passing thorow great quantitie of ise by
nighte, were entered somewhat within the straites, per-
cieving no waye to passe further in, the whole place being
frosen over from the one side to the other, and as it were
with many wallcs, mountaines, and bulwarkes of ysc,
choakcd uppe the passage, and denied us entrance. And
yet do 1 not thinke that this passage or the sea hercaboutcs,
is frosen over at any time of the yeare ; albeit it seemed so
unto us by the abundance of ise gathered together, whyche
occupycd the whole place. But I do rather suppose these
ise to be bredde in the hollowe soundcs and freshets there-
aboutes, whyche, by the heate of the sommers sunne beeing
loosed, doe emptic themselves wyth the cbbes into the sea,
and so gather in great abundance there togither.

And to speake somewhat here of the auncient opinion of
the frosen sea in these partes, I doe thinke it to be rather a
bare conjecture of menne, than that ever anye manne hatho
made experience of anye such soa. And that whiche they
speake of Mare Glaciale may be truly thought lo be spoken
of these parts ; for this inaye well be called indeede the
Ysie Sea, but not the Frosen Sea, for no sea consisting of salte
water can be frosen, as I have more at large herein shewed
my opinion in my seconde booke, page G ; for it seemcth im-

OF CAPTAIN FUOniSIIER.

235

possible for any sea to be frozen which hath his course of
ebbing and flowing, cspeciallye in those places where the tides
doc ebbe and flowc above tonne fadome. And also all these
aforesaide :'se, which we sometime met a hundreth mile from
lande, beirg gathered out of the salt sea, are in taste fresh,
and being dissolved, become sweet and holesomc water.

The cause why thys yeare we have bernc more combred
with ise (than at other times before) may be by reason of the
easterly and southerly windes, whyche brought us more
timely thither now than we looked for. Whiche blowing
from the sea directlye uppon the place of our straites, hath
kept in the ise, aiAl not suffered them to be caryed out by
the ebbe to the mainc sea, where they woulde in more shorte
time have l)ccn dissolved. And all those fleeting ise arc not
onelyc so daungcrous, in that they winde and gather so
neare togithcr that a man may passe sometimes tenne or
twelve myles as it were uppon one lii me ilande of ise, but
also for that they open and shutte togithcr againe in suchc
sorte wyth the tydes and sea-gate, that whilest one shippc
foUoweth the other wyth full sayles, the ise whyche was
open unto the foremoste will joyne and close togyther be-
Ibrc the latter can come to followe the fyrstc, whereby
manye tymes ourc shippes were broughte into greate danger
as becing not able so sodaincly to take in oure sayles, or
staye the swifte way of oure shippes.

We were forced manye tymes to stemme and strike great
rockcs of ise, and so as it were make way through mightyc
mountaines, by which means some of the flecte, where they
foundc the yse to open, entred in, and passed bo farre with-
in the daunger thereof, with continuall desire to recover
their post, t.hat it was the greatest wonder of the world that
they ever escaped safe, or were ever heard of againe. I'or
even at this present, we missed two of the flcete, that is, the
Jndif/i, wherein was the Lieutenant Generall C'aptaino
Fenton, and the MichacU, whome both we supposed luidd«

230

THE THIUD VOYAiiK

nork

Iirnnyn
Biiiik.

bene utterlyc lost, having noi heard any tydlngs of them in
moe than twcntie daycs afore.

And one of our fleetc named the barke De7inys, being of
an hundrcth tunnc burden, seeking way in amongst these
ise, received such a blowe with a rocke of ise, that she sunke
downe therewith, in the sighte of tlic whole flcctc. IIow-
beit, having signified hir daunger by shooting of a pecce of
great ordlnaunce, newe succour of other shippcs came so
readily unto them, that the men were al saved with boates.

Within this shippe that was drowned there was parcel of
iiuuBc lout, our house, whiche was to be erected for them that shoulde
stayc all the winter in iMeta Incognita.

Thys was a more fcarcfull spectacle for the flc^ete to be-
holde, for that the outragious storme, whiche prescntlyc
followed, threatened them the like fortune and daunger.
For the ficete being thus compassed (as aforesayde) on every
side with ise, having left muchc bchynde them, through
M'hich they had passed, and finding more before them,
through which it was not possible to passe, there arose a
sodaine and terrible tempest at the southeast, which blowing
from the mayne sea directlye upon the place of the straytes,
brought togither all the yse aseaborde of us upon our backs,
and thereby debardc us of turninge backc to recover sea
roome againe: so that being thus compassed with danger on
every side, sundrie men with sundrie devises sought the
best way to save themselves. Some of the shij , where
they could find a place more cleare of ise, and get a little
berth of sea roome, did take in their styles, and there lay
adrift. Other some fastened and mored ancker uppon a
great iland of ise, and roade under the lee thereof, supposing
to be better garded thereby from the outrageous windcs and
the daunger of the lesser fleeting ise. And againe some
were so fast shut up and compassed in amongst an infinite
number of great countreys and Hands of ise, that they were
fayne to submit themselves arid their ships to the mcrcie of

OF CAPTAIN B'ROIMSHER.

237

the unmcrcifuU isc, and strengthened the sides of their ships
with junckes of caLlcs, beds, masts, pLinckes, and suchlike,
wliichc being hanged overboord, on the sides of their
shippes, mighte the better defende them from the outrage-
ous sway and strokes of the said ise. But as in greatest
distrcsse, men of best value are best to be discerned, so it is
greatly worthy commendation and noting with what in-
vincible mind every captayne encouraged his company, and
with what incredible labour the paynefuU mariners and
poore miners (unacquainted with suchc extremities), to the
everlasting renoune of our nationj dyd overcome the brunt
of these so greate and extreame daungers ; for some, even
without boorde uppon the isc, and some within boorde,
iippon the sides of their shippes, having poles, pikes, peeces
of timber, and ores in their hands, stoode almost day and
night, withoute anyc rest, bearing off the force, and break-
ing the sway of the ise, with suche incredible payne and
pcrill that it v/as wonderfuU to behold, which otherwise no
doubt had striken quite through and through the sides of
their shippes, notwithstanding our former provision; for
plancks of timber, of more than three ynches ihick, and
other things of greater force and bignesse, by the surging
of the sea and billow, with the ise were shevercd and cutte
in sunder at the sides of oure shippes, that it will seeme
more than credible to be reported of And yet (that which
is more) it is faythfully and playuely to be proved, and that
l)y many substantiall witnesses, that our shippes, even those
of greatest burdens, with the meeting of contrary waves of
till; sea, were heaved up betweeiie ilandes of ise a foote wcl-
ncere out of the sea above theii watermarke, having their
knees and timbers within boorde both bowed and broken
therewith.

And amidst th(!sc extremes, whilest some laboured for de-
fence of the chippes and sought to save their bodyes, other-
some of more mylder spirit soughte to save the soulc by

238

THE THIRD VOYAGE

dcvoutc prayer and mediation to tlic Almightic, thinking in-
dcedc by no other mcanes possible than by a divine miracle
to havo their deliverance ; so that there was none that were
eythcr ydle or not well occui)icd, and hee that hclde him-
solfe in best securitie had (God knoweth) but only bare
hope reniayning for his best safetie.

Thus all the gallant flcete and miserable men, without
hope of ever getting forth agayne, distressed with these ex-
tremities, rcmayncd heerc all the whole night and parte of
the next day, excepting foure shippes, that is, the Amic
Frcmccs, the Moonc, the Frances of Foy, and the Gahridl,
which being somewhat a seaboorde of the flcete, and bccing
fast ships, by a winde, having a more scope of cleere, i''ycd
it out all the time of the stormc under sayle, bccyng hardly
able to bcarc a coast of each.

And albeit, by reason of the fleeting ise, whych were
dispersed hccrc almost the whole sea over, they were
broughte manye times to the extreamcst poynte of perill,
mountaynes of ise tenne thousandc tymes scaping them
scarce one ynch, whiche to have stricken, had bin thcjyr
prcscnte destruction, considering the swiftc course and way
of the shippcs, and the unwildynesse of them to stay and
turne as a man would wish. Yet they esteemed it their
better safetie, with such perill to secke scaroomc, than with-
out hope of ever getting libertie, to lie striving against y°
strcame, and beating amongst th isie mountaines, whose
hugenesse, and monstrous grcatncssc was suche, that no man
woulde credite, but such as to their paynes sawc and felt it.
And these foure shippcs by the next day at noone, gote out
to sea, and were fyrste cleere of the ise, who nowe enjoying
thcyr own libertie, bcganne anew to sorrowe and fearc for
their fellowes safeties. And devoutely kneeling aboute theyr
mayne mast, gave unto God humble thanks, not only for
themselves, but besought him lykewise highly for theyr
friends deliverance. And even nowe, whilest amiddesl these

OF CAPTAIN FKOlilSHER.

2.39

extremities, thys gallant flectc and valiant men were alto-
f^ither«ovcr laboured, and forcwatchcd, with the long and
fcarcfull continuance of the forcsayde dangers, it pleased
God with his eyes of mercic to lookc downe from heaven, to
scndo them help in good time, giving them the next daye a
more favourable wind at the west northwest, whiche did not
only disperse and drive forthe the ise before them, but also
gave them libcrtie of more scope and searoomc, and were by
night of the daye following perceyved of the other fourc
shippcs, where to their greatest comfort they enjoyed agaync
the fellowship of one another. Some in mending the sides
of thcyr shippcs, some in setting up their toppe mastcs, and
mending thcyr saylcs and tacklings. Agaync, some com-
playning of thcyr false stemmc borne away, some in stopping
their l(;akcs, some in recounting their dangers past, spent no
small time and labour, that I dare well avouche, there were
never men more daungerously distressed, nor more merci-
fully by God's Providence delivered. And heere of both
the torn shippcs, and the forwcerycd bodyes of the men
arrived, doe bcarc most cvidcnte niarke and witness. And
now the whole flectc plyed off to seaward, resolving there to
abide, untill the sunne might consume (or the force of wind
disperse) these ise from the place of thcyr passage : and
becing a good berth off the shore, they took in their saylcs,
and lay adrift.

The scaventh of July, as men nothing yet dismayed, we
cast about towards the inward, and had sigVitc of landc,
which rose in forme like the northerlande of the straytcs,
which some of the flectc, and those not the worst marriners,
iudged to be the north forlandc : howbcit, other some were
of contrary opinion. IJut the matter was not well to be
(lisccrncd, by reason of the thickc foggc, whiche along tim<;
hung uppon the coast, and the ncwc falling snowe which
ycarcly altercth the shape of the land, and takcth away
oftentimes the marriners markes. And by reason of the

Aiiiitlinr

ilKsllUlt.

Foif, Hti'iw,
ami Uii^i.H
liimli'i' ilio
iiiHt'iiier3
marks.

THK Till HI) VOYAf;K

darkc mists, whichc continued by the space of twenty daycs
togither, this doubt grew the greater and the longer jjerillous.
For whcras indecde \vc thouglit our selves to be upon the
northeast side ot Frobisliers straytcs, we were now carried to
the southwcstwards of tlie (iuecnes forlande, and being de-
ceyvcd by a swift currant comming from the northeast, were
brought to the southwcstwards of our sayd course, many
miles more than we dyd thinke possible could come to passe.
The cause whereof we have since found, and shall be at large
licreaftcr declared.

Here we made a poynt of land, which some mistooke for a
place in the straytcs, called Mount Warwicke : butliowc wc
shoulde be so farre shottc up so suddaynely within tVie sayde
straytcs, the expertest mariners began to marvcll, thinking
it a thing impossible, that they couhh; be so farre overtaken
A ciimiiit. in their accompts, or that any currant coulde so deceyve
them heere, whichc they had ur)t by former experience
proved and found out. Ilowbeit, many confcesed, that they
founde a swifter course of floud than before time they bad
observed. And truly it was wonderfuU to heare and see the
rushling and noysc that the tydes do make in thys place,
■with so violente a force that our shippes lying a hull, wcire
turned sometimes rounde aboute even in a momente, after
the manner of a whiilpool, and the noysc of tlie streame no
Icsse to be hcardc a farre off, than the waterfall of London
Ih'idgc.

But whilest the flectc lay thus douljtfull amongst grcatc
store of isc in a place they knewe not, withoute sighte of
sunne, whereby to take the height, and so to know the true
elevation of the pole, and withoute any cloare of lightc to
make perfite the coast, the Generall with the captayncs and
maysters of liis shippes beganue doubtfully to question of
the matter, and sent his pinnesse aboorde to heare cache
mans opinion, and specially of James licare, mayster of the
Anne Frances, who was knowen to be a sufficient and skilfull

.Tiim''H
■iiitiini'r

nV CAPTAIN FROBISHKR.

241

;,ratc
[u-. of

true
Uc to
and
Ion of

jachc
If tlic

11 full

mariner, and having l)in there the ycare before, had well
observed the place, and drawnc out cardcs of the coast, liiit
the rather this matter grew the more doubtful, for that
Christopher Ilall, ehicife pylot of the voyage, delivered a <'Mnv^\>h«r

' ' -^ J n ' 11,11 ,.),|u|

plaine and publike opinion in the hearinge of the wliole ''^'"^•
fleetc, that he had never scene the foresayd coast before,
and that he could not make it for any place of Frohishers
straitcs, as some of the fleete supposed, and yet the lands do
lye and trend so like, that the best mariners therin may be
deceived.

The tenth of July, the weather still continuing thicke
and darkc, some of the shippes in the fogge loste sighte of
the Admirall and the rest of the fleete, and, wandering too
and fro with doubtful opinion whether it were best to seeke
backe againc to seaward through great store of ise, or to
follow on a doubtful! course in a sea, bay, or straytes, they
knew not, or alongst a coast, whereof by reason of the darke
mists they could not discern the daungers, if by chance any
rock or broken ground should lye of the place as commonly
in these partes it doth.

The Vize-admirall, Captayne Yorkc, considering the fore-
sayd opinion of the pylot. Hall, who was with him in the
Thomas Allen, having lost sight of the fleete, turned back
to sea agayne, having two other shippes in eoinpany with
him.

Also the Captaine of the Anne Frannccs having likewise
lost companye of the fleete, and being all alone, heldc it for
best to turne it out to sea agayne, untyll they mighte have
clecre weather to take the sunnes altitude, and wilh in-
credible payne and perill got out of the doubtfidl place into
tlu; open sea agayne, being so narrowly dit-tressed by the
w.iy by meanes of continuall fogge and ise, that they were
liiaiiy times ready to leape upon the iland of ise to avoyde
the present daunger, and so hopyng to prolong life awhile,
inc;inte rather to dye a pining death.

242

rilK TIUKI) VOYAOK

llRI'l HlilflH
to HIIVU

ueim llvoR.

Mint Alien
NiruitH.

COUlll tlllVI)
pIlKXl'li to

C'uluyH.

I''nii open
way.

Some hoped to save themselves on chestes, and some de-
termined to tye the hatches of the sliippes fast togytlier and
to byndc themselves wyth tlieyr furniture fast thereunto,
and so to be towed with the shipboat ashore, wiiyche other-
wise could not receyve hulfe of the companye ; by vhichc
means, if happilie they hadde arrived, tliey shoulde eythcr
liave perished for lackc of foodc to eate, or else shoulde
themselves have bene eaten of those ravenous, bloudye, and
man-eating jjeople.

The rest of the fleete following the course of the Gencrall,
whyche ledde them the way, passed up above 00 leagues
within the sayd doubtfull and supposed straytes, havyng al-
wayes a fayre continente uppon their starrc.-boorde sydc, and
a continuance still of an open sea before them.

The Generall, albeit with the fyrste perchance he found
out the error, and that this was not the old straytes, yet he
persuaded the fieete alwayes that they were in tlieyr righte
course and knowne straytes. Ilowbeit, I suppose he rather
dissembled his opinion therein than otherwyse, meaning by
that policie (being hymself ledde with an honorable desire of
further discoveriej to enduce y'' fleete to follow him to see a
further prooie of that place. And, as some of the company
reported, he hath since confessed that, if it had not bin for
the charge and care he had of y'- fleete and fraughted
shippes, he both \vould and could have gone through to the
south se: called Mare del 8ur, and dissolved tin; long
doubt of the passage wliich we sceke to find to the rich
countrey of Cataya.

1. Of which mistaken straytes, considering the circum-
stance, we have great cause to confirme our opinion to like
and hope well of the passage in this place. For the fore-
saidc bay or sea the further we sayled therein the wyder we
found it, with great likelyhoodc of endlesse continuanc^j.
And wherein other places we were muche troubled wyth
ise, as in the entrance of the same, so after we liad sayh-d 00

OF (ATTAIN FHOmSHKR.

243

|(jircuin-
to like
no forc-
ed (;i- wo
Inuunc^.
1(1 wylli
lylcd 00

or 60 loairucs therein, we had no let of isc or other tiling at ii"«»on»
all, as in other places we found. iH'r,!"*"

2. Alf-o this })laec scemeth to have a marvellous grcatc in-
drafte, and draweth unto it most of the drift yse and other '/."/fi,"'
things which do fieete in the sea, eyther to the north or
eastwards of the same, as hy good experience we have
founde.

tl. For hcere also we mette with boordcs, lathes, and
divers other things driving in the sea, which was of the
wraeke of the sliippe called the harke Demiys, wliich
perished amongst the ise, as beforesaid, being l(jst at the '^''fant.
first attempt of the entrance overthwart the Queens Fore-
land, in the mouth of Frobishers Straits, whiche eoulde by
no means have bin so brought thither neyther by winde nor
tide, being lost so many leagues off, if by force of the sayde
currant the same Viad not bin violently brought. For if the
same hadde bin brought thither by the tyde of flodde, looke
how farrc in the said flodde had caried it, the cbbe wouldc
have recarycd it as farre backe agayne, and by the winde it
could not so come to passe, bycausc it was then sometime
calme, and most times contrary.

And some marrincrs doe affyrme that they have diligently H.lljriH*'"','/''
observed y- there runneth in this place nine houres flodde I'it'!'. '"""
to three ebbe, which may thus come to passe by force of
the saide currant : for whereas the sea in most places of the
world doth more or lesse ordinarily ebbe and flow once
every twelve houres, with sixe houres eljbe and sixe houres
Houd, so also would it doc tlu-re, were it not for the violence
of this hastning currant, which forceth the floud to make
appearance to beginne before his ordinary time one hourc
and a halfe, and also to continue longer than his natural
course by an other houre and a halfe, until the force of the
ebbe be so greate that it will no longer be resisted (accord-
ing to the saying: Nalurum expellas furc i licet larncn vsq.
remirrit. Although nature and natural courses be forced

THK inilU) VOYAOK

Tlin Rfift

IlKlVlllll

Ciiiiri riinl In
wi kI. I'liii.
liiiiially.

AuMiorilio,

and rchistcd never so muchc, yet at lastc it will have their
ownc sway againe).

Moreover, it is not possible that so great course of flouds
and currant, so liiglie swelling tides with continuance of so
deepc waters, can he digested here without unhurdeniiig
themselves into some open sea h(;yonde this place, which
nrgueth the more likelihood of the passage to be hereahoufs.
Also we suppose these great indrafts do growe and are made
hy the reverberation and reflection of that same currant,
whiche at oure comming by Irelande mette and crossed us,
of which in the firste parte of this discourse T spake, whyehc
ef)mming from the bay of Mexico, passing by, and washing
the south weast i)arts of Ireland, reboundeth over to the
northest parts of the world, as Norway, Tslande, etc., where,
not finding any passage to an open sea, but rather is there
cncreased by a new accesse, and another currant meeting
with it from y" Scythian Sea, passing the bay of Saint
Nidiolas westwarde, doeth once againe rebounc^e backe by
the coasts of Grocnland, and from thence uppon Frobisheis
straites being to the southwestwardes of tlie same.

.'>. And if that principle of philosophy be true, that In-
fcriora corpora rajxinlcr d supcriorihun , that is, if inferior
bodies be governed, ruled and earied after the manor and
course of the superiors, then the water being an inferior
element, must needes be governed after the superior Heaven,
and so to lollow the course of Primum mohiic from east to
weast.

G. But everyc m.an that bathe written or considered anye
tiling of this j)assage,hath more doubted the relourne by the
same waye, by reason of a greate downefall of water, whyche
they imagine to be thereabouts (which we also by experience
partly find) than anye mistruste they have of the same
I)assage at all. For we find (as it were) a great downfall in
this place, but yet not muche, but that we may return, al-
though with suchc adoc. For we were easilyer earied in in

OV CAl'TAIN FHOIIISIIKR.

245

inyo
)y the
lycho
rionce

same
all in
•n, al-

\n in

one hourc than wc couldo gctto forth againc in three. Also
by an other experience at anothcir time we founde thys cur-
rant to deceive us in this sort: — That, wliereas we supposed
to bee 15 leagues off, and lying a hull, we were brought
within 2 leai'ues of the shoare, contrarie to al expecta-

Uiinl, tint
yi I |MiK»llilo,
iiiriiliiit
buuk iKulii.

tion.

Oure m(;nne that sayled furthest in the same mistaken
Rtraites (having the maine lande uppon their starbord side),
aflyrme that they mettc with the outlet or jjassage of water
whiche cornmeth throwe Frobyshers straites, and foUoweth
as all one into this passage.

Some of our companye also affyrme that they had sighte
of a continent upon their larbord side, being 00 leagues
within the supi)osed straiten; : howbeit excopte certuino
ilandes in the entrauncc hereof, wc could make no parte
j)erfect thereof. All the foresaid tract of land seenieth to be
more fruitful and ]>etter stored of grassc. Deere, wildc fouh,-,
as partridges, larkes, seamews, guls, wilmots, falcons, and
tassell genlils, ravens, beares, hares, foxes, and other things,
than any other parte wc have yet discovered, and is more I'smo.
populous. And here Luke Ward, a gentleman of y'- com-
pany, traded merchandize, and did exchange knives, bells,
looking-glasses, &c., with those countrey people who brought
him foule, fishe, beares-skinnes, and suche like, as their
countrey yccldeth for the same. Here also they saw of
those greater boatcs of the country with twentie persons in
a])cece.

Nowe, after the rJenerall hadde bestowed these manye
dayi.s here, not without many duungers, he returned backe
againe. And by the way sayling alongst this coaste (being
the backside of the supposed continent of America), and the
(iueenes Forelaade, he perceived a great sounde to goe
thorowe into Frobyshers Straits. Whcreuppon he scnte
the Gahridl the one and twcntith of .July, to prove whether liiiuniMit
they mightc go thorough and mcetc agayne with him in the '"•"."

SMAGE EVALUATION
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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

246

THE THIRD VOYAGE

Great
diuit'ere,

straites, which they did, and as we imagined before, so the
Queenes Forelande proved an iiand, as I thinke most of
these supposed continentcs will. And so he departed to-
wardes the straites, thinking it were highe time nowe to re-
cover hys porte and to provide the fleete of their lading,
whereof he was not a little carefull, as shall by *he processe
and his resolute attempts appeare. And in his retuire with
the rest of the fleete, he was so entangled by reason of the
darke fogge, amongst a number of ilandes and broken ground
that lyeth of this coast, that many of the ships came over
the top of rocks, which presently after they might perceive
to ly a drie, havyng not halfe a ioote water more than some
of their ships did draw. And by reason they coulde not
with a small gale of wind stem the force of y** floud, wherby
to go cleare of y^ rocks, they were faine to let an ancker fall
with twoo bent of cable togither, at a c and odde fadome
deapth, where otherwise they had bin by the force of the
tides carried upon y" rocks again, and perished : so that if
God in these fortunes, as a merciful guyde, (beyond y* ex-
pectation of man) had not carried us thorow, we had surely
more than x. m. times perished amiddest these dangers. For
being many times driven harde aboorde the shoare withoute
any sighte of lande, untill we were readye to make ship-
wracke thereon, beeing forced commonly with oure boates,
to sound before oure shippes, least we might light thereon
before we could discerne the same. It pleaeed God to give
us a cleare of sunne and light, for a short time, to see and
avoide thereby the daunger, having been continually darke
before, and presently after, Manye times also by ipeans of
fogge and currants, being driven neare uppon the coaste,
God lent us even at the very pintch one prosperous breath
of winde or other, whereby to double the land and avoydo
the perill, and when that we were all withoute hope of helpe,
every man recommending himselfe to death, and crying out,
Lorde now helpe or never : nowe Lorde look downe from
Heaven and save us sinners, or else oure safetie commeth too

OK CAPTAIN FROBJSUKR.

24T

late : even then the mightie maker of Heaven, and oure
merciful! God, did deliver us : so that they who have bin
partakers of those daungers, do even in their souls confesse,
that God even by miracle hath sought to save them, whose
name be praised evermore.

Long tyme nowe the Anne Frances had layne beating oflf
and on all alone, before the Queenes forelandc, not beeing
able to recover their porta for ise, albeit many times they
daungerously attempted it, for yet the ise choaked up the
passage, and woulde not suffer them to enter. And havyng
never seen any of the fleete since twentie daycs past, when
by reason of the thicke mistcs they were severed in the mis-
taken straitcs, did nowe this present three and twentith of
July overthwart a place in the straites called Ilattons Hed-
land, where they met with seven shippes of the fleete again,
which good happe did not only rejoice them, for themselves,
in respect of the comfoite whiche they received by suclie
good companye, but especially, that by this means they were
l^ut out of doubt of their freendes, whose safeties long time
they did not a little suspect and feare.

At their meeting they haled the Admirall after the manner
of the sea, and with great joy welcomed one another with a
thundring voly of shot. And now every man declared at
large the fortunes and dangers which they hadde passed.

The foure and twentith of July we mctte with the Frances
of Fot/, who with much adoe soughte way back againe
thorowe the yse from out of the mistaken straites, where to
their greate perill, they proved to recover their porte.
They broughte the first newes of the Vizeadmirall Capitaine
Yorke, who many dayes with themselves, and the Basse of
Bridgcwater was missing. They reported that they left the
Vizeadmirall reasonably clcare of the ise, but the other
shippe they greatly feared, whom they coulde not come to
helpe, being themselves so hardly distressed, as never men
more. Also they told us of the Gabriel, who having got

Anne
Francea
met with
aiime of the
fleet.

Frances
o/Foy.

llrid))fe-
water ship.

^48

THE THIRD VOYAGE

Straits
froseu iivcr.

thorow from the backside, and wester point of the Queens
forclandc, into Frobyshers Stratcs, fell into their companye
about the Cape of Good Hope.

And uppon the seaven and twentith of Julye, the ship of
I3ridgewater gote oute of the ise, and met with the fleete
whiche laye off and on under Plattons Hcdland. They re-
ported of their marvellous accidents and daungers, declaringc
their shyppe to be so leaky, that they must of necessitie
seeke harborow, having their stem beaten within theyr
buddings, that they hadde muchc adoe to keepe themselves
above water. They had (as they say) five hundreth strokes
at the poupe in lessc than half a watche, being scarce two
lioures. Their menne being so over-wearied therewith, and
with the former dangers, that they desired helpe of menne
from the other shippes. Moreover, they declared, that there
was nothing but ise and daunger, where they hadde bin and
that the straites within was frosen uppe. And that it was
the mostc impossible thyng in the world, to passe up unto
the Couutesse of Warwicks sounde whiche was the place of
our porte.

The reporte of these daungers by these shyppes thus pub-
lished amongst the fieete, wyth the remembraunce of the
perills past, and those present before their face, brought no
small feare and terror into the hartes of many considerate
men. So that some beganne privily to murmur against the
Generall for this wilfuU manner of proceeding. Some de-
sired to discover some harborowe thereaboutes, to refreshe
themselves, and refoniie their broken vesselles for a while,
untill the north and northwest winds might disperse the ise,
and make the place more free to passe. Other some for-
getting themsolves, spake more undutifully in this behalfc,
saying : that they hadde as leeve be hanged when they came
home, as without hope of safetie, to seeke to passe, and so to
porishe amongst the ise.

'J'iie Ccucrall not opening his earca to the pccvishe passion

OF CAPTAIN FnoniSIIEU.

249

iucens
iipanye

ship of
2 fleete
hey re-
ilaringc
jcessitic
\ theyr
mselves
strokes
roe two
ith, and
[■ menne
lat there
bin and
•t it was
up unto
place of

lus pub-
of the
ugUt no
isiderate
xinst the
ome de-
rcfreshe
a while,
the isc,
ome for-
behalfe,
icy came
and so to

c passion

of anye private person, but chiefly caryng for the publicke
profite of his countries cause, and nothing at all regardyng
hys owne ease, lyfe, or safetie, but espcciallye respecting
the accomplishment of the cause he had undertaken, (wherein
the chiefe reputation and fame of a Generall and Capitaine
consisteth), and calling to his remembrance the shorte time
he hadde in hande, to provide so great number of shyppes
their loading, determined with this resolution, to passe and
recover his porte, or else there to bury himselfe with hys
attempte, and if suche extremitie so befell him, that he muste
necdes perish amongst the ise, when all hope shoulde be
past, and all hope of safetie set aside, having all the or-
dinaunce within boorde well charged, resolved wyth pouder
to burne and bury himselfe and all togither with hir Majesties
shyppes. And with this peal of ordinance, to receive an
lionourable knell, instead of a better burial, esteeming it
more happy so to end hys life, rather than himself, or any of
his company or anye one of hir Majesties shyppes shoulde
become a praye or spectacle tc those base bloudye and man
eating people.

Notwithstanding, somewhat to appease the feeble passions
of the fearefuller sorte, and the better to cntertaine time for
a season, whilest the ise might the better be dissolved, hee
haled on the fleete, wyth belcefe, that he would put into
luirborowe : thcrcuppon whilest the sheppes laye ofl'and on,
under Hattons Hedlandc, he soughte in wyth his pynnesses
amongest the islands there, as thoughe hee meant to searche
for harborow% where indeede he meant nothinge less, but
rather sought if any ore mighte be found in that place, as by
the sequel appeared.

In the mean time, whilest the fleete laye thus doubtfuU
withoutc anye ccrtaine resolution what to do, being harde
aboorde the leeshore, there arose a sodainc and t'^'rible
tempest at the southsoutlicst, whereby the ise began marvel-
lously to gather about us.

A valinnt
iiiiiiil of
Frobiahor.

ippi

250

THE THIRD VOYAGE

Snow in
Ju'y.

I'',xtrome
wiuter.

Grentheat
ill Mi'ta In-
cogniLii,

Unconstant
weutlier.

Whcreuppon everyc manne, as in such case of extremitie
he thoughte beste, soughte the wisest waye for his owne
safetie. The most parte of the fleete whych were further
shotte uppe within the straites, and so farre to the leewarde,
as that they coulde not double the lande, following the
course of the General, who led them the way, tooke in their
sailes, and Liide it a hull amongst the ise, and so passed over
the storme, and hadde no extreamitie at all, but for a short
time in the same place.

Howbeit the other shyppcs whiche plyed oute to seawarde,
hadde an extreame storme for a longer season. And the
nature of the place is suche, that it is subject diversely to
divers winds according to the sundric situation of the great
alps and mountaynes there, every mountayne causing a
sevcrall blaste, and pirrie, after the manner of the Levant.

In this storme being the sixe and twentith of July, there
fell so much snow, with such bitter cold air, that we could
scarce sec one another for the same, nor open our eyes to
handle our ropes and sayles, the snow being above halfe a
footc deepe uppon the hatches of oure shippe, which did so
wette thorow oure poore marriners clothes, that he that
hadde five or sixe shifte of apparcll, had scarce one drie
thrcede to his backe, whiche kindc of wette and coldnesse,
togither with the over labouring of the poore menne
amiddest the ise, breed no smril sicknesse amongest the
fleete, which somewhat discouraged some of the poor men,
who had not experience of the like before, everye man per-
SN\ aJing himselfe, that the wynter there must needs be ex-
treme, where they be found so unseasonable a sommer.

And yet notwythstandyng this cold ayre, the sunne many
times hathe a marvellous force of heate amongst those
mountains, insomuche, that when ther is no breth of wind
to bring y^ cold ayre from the dispersed ise uppon us, we
shall be weary of the blominge heate, and then sodainly with
a perry of wind whiche commeth down from y® hollownes ot

OK CAPTAIN FROBISHER.

251

trcmitie
IS owne

further
ewarde,
ing the

in their
sctl over
f a short

jfiwarde,
And the
ersely to
the great
ausing a
Levant,
ily, there
we could
L- eyes to
e halfe a
ch did so
he that
one drie
oldnesse,
[e menne
igest the
oor men,
I man per-
ls be ex-
Iner.

ine many
test those
of wind
m us, we
iiuly with
llownes of

y« hilles, we shal have such a breth of heate brought upon
our face, as though we were entred some bastow or hote-
house, and when the first of the pirry and blast is past, we
shall have the winde sodainly anew blow cold againe.

In this storme the Atine Fraunces, the Moone, and the
Thomas of Ipswich, who founde themselves able to holdc it
up with a sayle, and could double aboute the Cape of the
Queens forelande,plyed oute to seawarde, holding it for better
policie and safetie, to seeke sea roome, than to hazard the
continuance of the storme, the daunger of the ise and the
leeshorc.

And being uncertaine at this time of the Generalls private
determinations, the weather being so darke, that they coulde
not discerne one another, nor perceive which waye he
wrought, betooke themselves to this course for best and
safest.

The Gcnerall notwithstanding the greate storme, following
his owne former resolution, soughte by all meanes possible,
by a shorter way, to recover his port, and where he saw the
ise never so little open, he gat in at one gappe, and out at
another, and so himself valiantly ledde the way through
before, to induce y" fleete to foUowe after, and with in-
credible payne and perill, at length gat through the ise, and TheCenerfti
nppon the one and thirtith of July, he recovered his long iiis p rt.
wished porte after many attempts, and sundry times being put
backc, and came to anker in the Countesse of Warwicke's
sound, in the entrance whereof, when he thoughte all perill
past, he encountred a great iland of ise, whyche gave the
Ayde suche a blow, having a little before wayed hir anker a
cocke bill, that it stroke the anker flouke through the shippes
bowes under the water, whych caused so greate a Icake, that
with muche adoe they preserved the shippe from sinking.

At theyr arivall heere, they perceived two shippes at anker
within the harborough, whereat they began muche to marvel,
and greatelye to rejoice, for those they knew to be the

252

TJIE THIRD VOYAGE

VVo'liiill
lircuohgr.

Michaell, wherein was the Lieutenant gcnerall Captayne
Fenton, and the small barke called the Gabricll, who so long
tyme were missing, and never hearde of before, whome every
man made the last reckning, never to heare of agayne.

Heere every man greately rejoysed of their happie meet-
ing, and welcomed one another after the sea manner, with
their great ordinance, and when cache partie hadde reaped
up their sundrie fortunes and perils past, they highlyc
praised God, and altogither uppon their knees gave hym
due, humble and harty thanckcs, and Mayster Wolfall, a
learned man, appoynted by hir Majesties Councell to be
thcyr minister and preacher, made unto them a godly
sermon, exhorting th*^ a especially to be thankefuU to God
for theyr strange and miraculous deliverance in those so
dangerous places, and putting them in mynde of the un-
certainctie of mans life, willed them to make themselves
alwayes ready as resolute men to enjoy and accept thanke-
fuUy whaiEOf^vor adventure his divine Providence should
appoynt. This Mayster Wolfall being well seated and
setlcd at home in his ownc countri j , with a good and large
living, having a good honest woman to wife, and very
towardly children, being of good reputation among the
best, refused not to take in hand this payncfull voyage, for
the only care he had to save souls, and to reform those in-
fidels if it were possible to Christianitie ; and also partly for
the great desire he hadde that this notable voyage, so well
begun, might be brought to perfection, and therefore he
was contented to stay there the whole yeare, if occasion had
served, being in every necessary action as forward as the
resolutest men of all. Wherfor in this bchalfc he may
rightly be called a true pastor and minister of Gods word,

I not to venture his

spr

owne

life.

The ftdven-
turcs of
Captiiiii
I'oiitoii and
his cum-
puny.

But to retorne agayne to Captayne Fentons company, and
to speake somewhat of their dangers (albeit they bee more

OF CAPTAIN FROniSIIER.

^53

than by writing can be expressed). They reported, that
from the night of the first storme, whiche was aboute the
first day of July, untill seaven dayes before the Gcneralls
arrivall, which was the sixc and twentith of the same, they
never saw any one day or houre wherein they were not
troubled with continuall daunger and feare of death, and
were twentie dayes almost togither fast amongst the isc.
They had their shippe stricken through and through on
both sides, their false stem borne quite away, and could go
from their shippcs in some places uppon the ise very many
miles, and might easily have passed from one iland of ise
to another, even to the shore, and if God had not wonder-
fully provided for them and theyr necessitie, and time had
not made them more cunning and wise to seeke strange
remedies for strange kinds of dangers, it had been impossible
for them ever to have escapeil : for among other devises,
wheresoever they founde any iland of ise of greater big-
nesse than the rest (as there be some of more than halfe a
mile com passe aboutj and almost 400 fadome high), they
commonly coveted to recover the same, and thereof to make
a bulwarke for their defence, whereon having mored anckcr,
they roade under the lee thereof for a time, beeyng therby
garded from y danger of the lesser driving ise. But when
they must necdcs forgoe this newe founde forte, by meanes
of other ise, whiche at lengtb woulde undermine and com-
passe them round aboute, and when that by heaving of the
billow they were therwith like to be brused in pcces, they
used to make fast the ship unto the most firme and broad
peece of ise " they could find, and binding hir nose fast
thereunto, would fill all theyr sayles, whereon the windc
havinge great power, would force forward the ship, and so
the ship bearing before hir the yse, and so one yse driving
forward another, should at length get scope and searoom.
And having by this means at length put their enemies to
flight, occupied the cleere place for a prettie season, among

Exlromltlo
cftuaotli
mull to de-
vise now
nrta and ro-
uiodiea.

Hard sliifts.

254

THE THIRD VOYAGE

MV'i

Strnn(?e
wouderg.

sundry mountaynes and Alpes of ise. One there was foundc
by measure to be sixty-five fadomc above water, M-hich for
a kind of similitude was called Salomons porch. Some think
those ilands eight times so muchc under water as they arc
above, by-cause of their monstrous weight. Jiut now I re-
member, I saw very strange wonders, men walking, running,
leaping, and shoting upon the maine seas forty miles from
any land, withoute any shippe or other vessell under them.
Also I saw fresh rivers running amidst the salt sea a hundred
myle from land, v/hich if any man will not beleeve, let him
know that many of our company lept out of their shippe
uppon ilandes of ise, and running there uppe and downe,
did shoote at buttes up^jon the ise, and with their calivers
did kill great cealcs, whiche use to lye and slecpe upon the
ise, and this ise melting at the top by reflexion of the sun,
came down in sundrye streams, whychc, uniting togither,
made a prettie brooke able to drive a mill.

The sayd Captaync Fenton recovered his porte tenne
dayes before any man, and spent good time in searching for
mine, and found good store thereof, which bycause it proved
good, was after called Fentons Fortune. He also discovered
about tenne miles up irto the countrey, where he perceived
neyther towne, village, nor likelyhoode of habitation, but
seemeth (as he sayeth) barrenous as the other parts which
as yet we have entred upon; but their victuals and provision
wen;, so scant with them, that they had determined to re-
turne homeward within seaven dayes after, if the fleete had
not then arrived.

The Generall after his arrivall in the Countesses Sound
spent no time in vayne, but immediately at his first landing
called the chiefe captaynes of his councell togither, and con-
sulted with them for the speedier execution of such things
as then they had in hand. At first, for searching and find-
ing out good minerall for the miners to be occupied on.
Then to give good orders to be observed of the whole

OF CAPTAIN FROniSHER.

255

5 foundc
hich for
nc think
:hcy arc
ow I re-
running,
Ics from
;r them,
hundred
, let him
r shippc
I downe,
calivers
upon the
the sun,
togither,

te tennc
hing for
t proved
scovered
crceived

1, but
s which
provision

to re-
eete had

s Sound
landing
and con-
things
Lud find-
■)ied on.
c whole

company on shore. And lastly, to consider for the erecting
up the forte and house for the use of them which were to
abide there the whole yeare. For the better handling of
these and all other like important causes in this service, it
was ordeincd from hir Majestic and the Counccll that the
Generall should call unto him certayne of the chiefc cap-
taynes and gentlemen in councell, to confcrre, consult, and
determine of all occurrcts in this service, whose names are
here as folow :

Captaync Fenton

Captayne Yorke

Captaync Best

Captayne Carcw

Captayne Philpot
And in sea causes to have as assistants, Christopher Ilal
and Charles Jackman, being both very good pylots and
sufficient mariners, whereof the one was chiefe pylot of the
voyage, and the other for the discoverie. From the place
of our habitation weastward, Maister Selman was appointed
notarie, to register the whole manner of proceeding in these
affaires, that true relation thereof might be made, if it pleased
hir Majestic to require it.

The first of August every captaine, by order from the
Generall and his counsell, was commanded to bring ashore
unto the Countesses Hand al such gentlemen, souldicrs, and
myners, as were under their charge, with such provision as
they had of victuals, tents, and things nccessarye for the
speedie getting togither of mine, and fraught for the shippes.
The muster of the men being taken, and the victuals with
all other things viewed and considered, every man was set
to his charge, as his place and office required. The myners
were appointed where to worke, and the mariners discharged
their shippes.

Uppon the seconde of August was published and pro-
claymed, uppon the Countesse of Waricks Hand, with sound

256

THE THIRD VOYAGE

of trumpet, certain orders by ihe General and his counsel
appointed to be observed of the companyc during the time
of their abiding there. The copie whereof here followeth :

OllDEUS SETT DOWN BY M. FROniSHER, EsQUIRE, CaPTAINE
GeNERALL FOR THE VOYAGE TO " CaTAYA," TO HE
OBSERVED OP THE COMPANIE DURING THE TIME OF
THEIR AliODE IN " MeTA InCOGNITA." PUBLISHED
THE SECOND DAY OF AuGUST, 1578.

1. Inprimis, the Gcncrall, in hir Majesties name, straightly
chargeth and commandcth that no person ''r persons, with
boatc nor pinncssc, shall go ashoarc, for any cause, but to
the Countcssc of Warwickcs Ilande and Winters Fornace,
without licence of the General, or his deputies. And if they
fortune at anye time, having licence, to meet with any of
the countrcy people, that they shall not enter into any con-
ference or amies wyth them, untill they have give >. intelli-
gence thereof to the Generall or hys lieutenant.

2. Item, that no person, of what calling soever he be,
shal make an assay of any maner of mettall, matter, or ore,
in ye partes nowe called Meta Incognita, but only suche as
shal be appointed by the General, or in his absence by his
lieutenant, to do the same : nor that anye person shall take
up and keepe to his pyivate use anye parte or parcel of ore,
pretious stone, or other matter of commoditie to be had or
founde in that lande, but he the sayde person so seased of
such ore, stone, or other matter of commoditie shall with all
specde, as soon as he can, defect the same, and make
deliverie thereof to the generall, or his lieutenant generall,
uppon paine to forfaite for everye such ounce thereof, the
value treble of anye wages he is to receive after the daye of
such ofTence committed : and further, to recey ve suche
punishment as to hyr Majestic shall seem good.

3. Item, that no shippe or shippes shall take uppon them

OK (ATTAIN I'UOniSHKH.

867

ith

he be,
or ore,
iche as
by bis
11 take
f ore,
\ad or
scd of
ith all
make
nerall,
of, the
aye of
suche

them

to loade any manner of ore without licence of the general,
or he that shal be appointed deputie for him, for y« view of
the same.

4. Item that all the maisters of evcrye shippe or Hhippes
within the flcete shal ujjon Mundayc next comniing, by
fourc of the clocke in the morning, wyth all the most parte
of theyr companies, make theyr repayre to tiie Countesses
Ilande aforesaide, there to view and make such places, for
loading and unloading of ore and other thyngs, as shall be
most commodious and meetc for that purpose.

;"). Item, th.at no person or persons within this service, by
sea or lande, shall use anye discovered' speeches, swearing,
brauling, or cursing upon payne of imprisonmentc.

0. Item, that no person or persont., eyther by sea or lande,
shal draw his or theyr weapons in quarrellyng manner, to
the intente to ofFende or disturbe the quietc of anye person or
persons wythin thys service, uppon paii.r that being so taken,
he or they whatsoever immediately to loo^-e his right handc.

7. Item, that no person or persons shall washe their
handcs or anye other things, in the spring, uppon th(!
Countesses Hand, where the water is used, and preserved
for the dressing of their victuals, upon paine to receive such
punishment as shall be thought good, by the Generall or his
Lieutenant, for the same. And for the better preservation
and health of everye manne, that no person or persons shall
doe his easement but under the cliffcs where the sea may
washe the same aw lye, upon paine that everye one so offend-
ing, for the first time shall be imprisoned in the billowe
fourteene houres, and for the second lime being so taken by
the provost Martiall, to pay twelve pense.

8. Item, that no person or persons, of what nature or con-
dition soever, shall cast out of their snippe or shippes, anye
ballast or rubbish, into the roade, where- these shippes now
rydeth, or may conveniently ride, within this sounde, that

' Sic in orijjiiial.

258

'HK IMIIRI) VOYAGE

lidii i'or
liiiliitini,'
M.'iii III-
iii'timtii.

theiby the same sounclc or roade stcacle may be impaired, but
shall carric the same, and lay it where it may not offend.
Uppon paine that every man so offendinii^, the owner of such
shippe or shippes, shall torfaite the fraught of one tunne.

By me Mautyn Frobish'^r.
In the meane time, whylest the mariners plyed their
work, y" Captains sought out new mynes, the goldfinders
mude-tryallof the ore, the mariners discharged their shippes,
the gentlemen for example sake laboured hartily, and
honesuye encouraged the infcriour sorte to v/orke. So that
small time of that little leasure, that was left to tarrie, was
spent in vaine.

The second of August the Gabriel arrived, who" came from
the Vizeadmirall, and being distressed sore with yse, put
into harborrow neere unto Mount Oxford. And now was
the whole iicete arrived safely at their port, excepting foure,
be.-'idcs the shippe that was loste, that is, the Thomas Allen,
the Anne Frances, the Thomas of Ipswich, and the Moonc,
whose absence was some let unto the workri and other pro-
ceedings, as well for that these shippes were furnished with
the better sort of myncrs and other provision for the
habitation.

The ninth of Augusl,, the Generall with the Captaynes of
his counsell assembled togither, beganne to consider and take
order for the erecting up of the house or forte, for them that
were to inhabit there the whole yeare, and that presently the
masons and carpenters might go in hande therewith. First
. therefore they perused the bills of ladyng what every man
received into his shippe, and found that there was arrived
only the east side, and the south side of y'= house, and yet
not that perfect and intier, for many peeces thereof were used
for fenders in many shippes, and so broken in peeces, whyles
they were distressed in the ise. Also after due examination
had, and tri'.e accompt taken, there was founde want of
drinkc and fuel, to serve one hundrcth men, which was the

OF CAPTATN FROBISIIKK.

259

id, but

offend.

)f such

ine.

:r.

L thcii"

Ifindcrs

ihippes,

y, and

So that

de, was

me from
yse, put
now was

[\rr foUVC,
o

IS Allen,
2 Moone,
her pro-
led with
for the

tayncs of
and take
licm that
cnitly the
1. First
|vcry man
Is arrived
and yet
ivere used
s, whyles
lamination
want ot
1 was the

number appointed firstc to inhabite there, bycause their
greatest store was in the ships which were not yet arrived.
'I'hcn Captaine Fenton seeing the scarcity of y" necessary
things aforesaid, was contented, and oflVed himselfe to in-
habite there, with sixtie men. Wlierupon they caused the
carpenters and masons to come before them, and demaunded
in what time they woukle take upon them to erect up a lesse
house for sixtie men. They required eight or nine weeks, if [j",,'',"',')'^"'
there were tymber sufficient, whereas now they had but six ^'"^'
and twentie dayes in all to remayne in that countrey.
Wherefore it was fully agreed upon, and resolved by the
General and his counsell, that no habitation shoulde be there
this yeare. And therefore they willed Maister Sclman the
Register, to set down this decree, with all their consents, for
the better g .tisfying of hir Majestic, the Lords of the Coun-
sel, and the advenrurers.

The An7ic Frances, since she was parted from the flcete,
in the last storme before spoken of, could never recover
above five leagues within the straights, the wind being i ine-
tyme contrarie, and moste times the ise compassing them
round about. And from that time, being aboutc the seaven
and twentith of July, coulde neyther h-are nor have sight
of any of the flcete, untill the third of August, when they
descried a sayle near to Mount Oxford, with whome when
they had spoken, they could understando no newes of anye
of the fleete at all. And this was the Thomas of Ipstvich,
who hadde layne beating oiF and on at sea, with very foule
weather, and contrarye wiuds, ever since that foresaide
storme, without sight of any man. They kept company not
long togyther, but were forced to lose one another again, the
Moone being consort always with the Anne Fvaunccs, and
keeping verie good companye plycd up togither into the
straites, with great desire to recover their long wished port;
and attempted as often, and passed as far as possible the
winde, weather, and ise, gave leave, whyche eommonlv they

2f)0

TTTR THIRD VOYAOK

'J'liB ^[o^nll^.

found ry contrary. For when tho weather was cloarc, and
withoute fogge, then commonly y" wind was contrarie. And
when it was eythcr easterly or southerly, which wouldc serve
their turnes, then had they so great a fogge, and darkc miste
therewith, that eythcr they could not disccrne way throw
the ise, or else the ise lave so thicke togither, that it was
impossible for them to passe. And on the other side, when
it was calme, the tydes hadde force to bryng the ise so
sodaynlye about them, that commonlye then they were moste
therewith destrcssed, having no winde to carry them from the
daungcr therof.

And by the sixte of August, being with much adoe got
up as high as Leicester point, tliey had good hope to find
the souther shore clearc , and so to passe uppe towardes their
porte. I5ut being there becalmed, and lying a hull 'openly
upon the greate bay whiche commethc oute of the mys-
takcn straitcs before spoken of, they were so sodainely com-
passed with ise roundc about, by means of the swifte tydes
whiche runne in that place, that they were never afore so
hardly beset as nowe. And in seeking to avoyde these
dangers in the darke weather, the Anne Frances lost sighte
of the other two ships, who being likewise hardly distressed,
signified their daunger, as they since reported, by shooting
off their ordiuauncc, which the other couldc not heare, nor
if they had hearde, could have given them no rcmedie, being
so bubily occupied to winde themselves out of their owne
troubles.

The fleeboate called the Moone, was here heaved above
the water with the force of the ise, and received a great Icake
therby. Likewise the Thomas of Tpsicich, and the Anne.
Fraticcs were sore brused at that instant, having their false
stemme borne aw.iy, and their shippc sides strokcn quite
through.

Now considering the continuall daungers and contraries,
and the little leasure that they had lefte to tarrie in these

OF CAI'TAIN FUOHISHKR.

5>(U

c, and

And

) serve

? miste

throw

it was

, when

ise so

} mosto

■cm the

Ice got
to find
es their
'openly
10 mys-
;ly coni-
,e tydes
ifore so
e these
t si"hte
tressed j
hooting
[are, nor
e, beino-
ir owne

Id above
>;it h-ake
10 Anni^
leir false
"n quite

Intraries,
lin these

partes, besides that every night the roj)es of theyr shippes
were so frosen, that a man coulde not handle them without
cutting his handes, togither with the great doubt they had
of the flcetes safety, thinking it an impossibility for them to
passe unto their port, as well for that they saw themselves, as
for that they harde by the former reporte of the shippes which
had proved before, who affirmed that the straites were all
frosen over within. 'Ihey thought it now very hie time to
consider of their estates and safeties that were yet left to-
gither. And hereuppon the Captaines and niaisters of these
shippes desired the Captaine of the Anne Frcmccs to enter
into consideration with them of these matters, wherefore
Captaine Tanfield of the Thomas of Ijisioich, with his pylot
Kicliard Coxe, and Captaine Upcotc of the Moono, with his
maister John Lakes came aboorde the Anne Frances the
eight of August to consult of these causes. And being as-
sembled togither in the Captayne's cabin sundrie doubtes
were then alleagcd. For the fearefullcr sortc of mariners
being overtyred with the continuall labour of the form(>r
daungcrs, coveted to rcturne homewarde, sayinge that they
woulde not againe tempt God so much, who had given them
so many warnings, and delivered them from so wonderfull
daungcrs ; that they rather desired to loose wages fraughte
and all, than to continue and follow such desperate fortunes.
Again their shippes were so Icake, and the men so wearie,
that to amende the one, and refreshe the other, they muste
of necessitie sceke into harborow.

]3ut on the other side, it was argued againe to the con-
trarie, that to seeke into harborowe thereaboutcs was but to
subject themselves to double daungcrs, for if hajjpilye they
escape the daungcrs of rockcs in their entring, yet being in,
they were nevertheless subject there to the daunger of the
ise, which with the swift tydes and currents is carried in and
out in most harborows thereaboutcs, and may thereby gaule
their cables asunder, drive them uppon the shoare, and bring

The Aniif
Fraui'iK,
llie Thomas

of fpHllil'lt

Hiid tho

.UiiOHccmi-

Bult.

262

THE THIRD VOYAGK

them to much trouble. Also the coast is so much subject to
broken ground and rockes, especially in the mouth and en-
trauncc of every harborow, that albeit the channell be sounded
over and over againe, yet arc you never tlio neare to disccrne
the daungers. For the bottome of the sea, holding like !?hape
and forme as the lande, bcyng full of hilles, dales, and ragged
rockes, suffereth you not, by your soundings, to knowe and
kecpe a true gesse of y° depth, for you shall soundc upon
the side or hollownesse of one hil or rocke i:nder water, and
have a hundrcth, fiftic, or fortie fulome depth ; and before
the next cnst, ere you shall bee able to have your lead againe,
you shall be uppon the toppe thereof, and come aground to
your utter confusion.

Another reason against going to harborow, was, that the
colde ayrc did threaten a sodainc freezing uppe of the
sounds, seeing y' every night there was new congealed ise,
even of that water which remained within their sbippes.
And therefore it should seeme to be more safe to lye off and
on at sea, than for lacke of winde to bring them forth of
harborow, to hazard by sodaine frostes to be shut up the
whole yeare.

After many such daungers and reasons alleaged, and large
cnpiiii.io debating of these causes on both sides, the Captaine of the

liosts rcso- *^ '

Anne Frances delivered his opinion unto the company to
this effect. First, concerning the question of returning
home, he thought it so much dishonorable, as not to grow
in any further question : and, agayne, to returne home at
length (as at length they must needes), and not to be able
to bring a certaync report of the fleet, whether they were
living or lost, or whether any of them had recovered their
port or not in the Countesses Sounde (as it was to be thoughte
the most part would if they were living), he sayd that it
would be so great an argument, cyther of wante of courage
or discretion in them, as he resolved rather to fall into any
danger, than so shamefully to consent to retourne home,

08ts r
lutiuii.

OF CAPTAIN FROUISHKR,

2()3

jirotcsting that it should never be spoken of him, that he
wouklc ever rcturne withoute doing his endeavour to finde
the ficete, and knowe the certaynctie of the Generals saf'etie.
lie put his companic in remembrance of a pinasse of five
tunne burthen, which he hadde within his «!'iip, which was
carycd in pceces, and unmade up for the use of :hose which
shoulde inhabitc there the whole yeare, the which if they
coulde fynde meanes to joync togithcr, hee offered himselfc
to prove before therewith, whether it were possible for any
boate to passe for ice, whereby the shipps myghte bee
brouglite in after, and mighte also thereby gyve true notice,
if any of the fleete were arrived at theyr porte or not.

But, notwithstanding, for that he well pcrceyvcd that the
most parte of hys companye were addicted to i)ut into liar-
borow, he was willing the rather for these causes somewhat
to encline thereunto. As first, to search alongst the same
coast, and the soundes thercaboutes, he thoiighte it to be to
good purpose, for that it was likely to fynd some of the
llccte there, whiche being leake, and sore brused with the
ise, was the rather thoughte lykely to be put into an yll
harborough, bcying distressed with foule weather in the last
stormc, than to hazard theyr ixncertayne safeties amongst the
ise ; for about this place they lost them and kftc the ilcetc
then doubtfully questioning of harborow.

It was lykely also, that they might fynde some fitte har-
borow thercaboutes, whychc myghte be hovefuU for them
against another tyme. It was not likewise impossible to
fynde some ore or myne thercaboutes, wherewithall to
fraughte theyr shyppes, whiche woulde bee more commo-
dious in this place, for the neerenesse to seawarde, and lor a
better outlette, than further within the straytes, beyiig
lykely heere alwayes to loade in a shorter time, howsoever
the straytc shoulde be pestered wyth ise within ; so that if
it myghte come to passe that thereby they mighte eyther
fynd th(> fleete, mine, or convenient harborough, any of

2«4

TIIK THIRD VOYAGE

these tlircc would well serve thcyr presente turnes, and
gyve some hope and comfortc unto thcyr companyes whiclie
nowe were altogyther comfortlessc. But if that all fortune
shouldc fall out so contrarye that they coulde neythcr re-
cover theyr porte nor anye of these aforcsaidc helpes, that
yet they would not yet dcparte the coast, as long as it was
possible for them to tarrie there, but would lye off and on
at sea athwart the place. Therefore hys final conclusion
was sette downe thus : — Firste, that the Thomas of Ipsioichc
and the Moonc shoulde consortc and kocpe companye to-
gyther carefully with the Anne Frances as neere as they
could, and as true Englishmen and faythful friends should
supplye one anothers want in all fortunes and dangers. In
the morning following every shippe to sende of hys boate
with a sufficient pylot to searchc out and sounde the har-
boroughs for the safe bringing in of theyr shippcs. And
beeyng arrived in harborough where they miglite finde con-
venient place for the purpose, they resolved forthwith to
joine and set togythcr the pinasse, whercwythall the Cap-
tayne of the Anne Frances might, according to his former
determination, discover up into the straytes.

After these determinations thus sette downe, the Thomas
of Ipsioiche the nyghte following lost company of the other
shyppes, and afterwarde shaped a contrarye course horae-
warde, whyche fell oute, as it manyfestlie appeared, very
much agaynst theyr Captayne, Mayster Tanficldes, mynde,
as by due examination before the Lordes of Hir Majesties
most Honorable Privic Counsell, it hathe since been proved
to the greate discrcdite of the Pilot Coxe, who specially per-
suaded his company againste the opinion of hys sayde Cap-
tayne to returnc home.

And, as the Captayne of the Anne Fra?ices dothc witnesse,
even at theyr conference togithcr, Captayne Tanfield tolde
hym that he did not a little suspect the said Pylot Coxe, say-
ing, that he had neythcr opinion in the man of honest (luetic.

OF CAPTAIN FKOniSriF.R.

265

;, and

^rtune
icr re-
s, that
it was
incl on
elusion
)Sioiche
lye to-
is they
should
IS. lu
s boate
he har-
. And
idc con-
iwith to
le Cap-
former

Thomas
lie other

horae-

cd, very

niynde,

llajcsties

proved
|ally per-
■de Cap-

Ivitnosse,
[id tolde
)xc, say-
It duetie,

manhoodc, or constancie. Notwithstanding the sayde shijjpcs
(lc])arturc, tlic Captaync of the An)ie Frances, becying de-
sirous to putle in execution liys former resolutions, went with
hys shyppeboate (bceyng accompanied filso -.vyth the Muoncs
^kyl{e) to prove amongst the ilandes which lye under Ilattons
Headland, if anye convenient harborough, or any knowledge
of the fleete, or anye good ore was there to be found. The
shyppes lying off and on at sea the whyle under sayle, and
searching through many soundcs, they saw them all full of
nianye dangers and broken grounde, yet one there was which
seemed an indifferent place to harborow in, and whiche they
did very diligentlye sounde over and searched agayne.

rieerc the sayde Captayne founde a great blacke iland,
whereunto lie had good liking, and certifying the company
therof tliey wer somewhat comforted, and with the good
hope of his words, rowed cheerfully unto the place where,
when they arrived, they founde such plentie of blacke ore
of the same sorte whiche was broughte into Eyglande thys
last yearc, that if the goodnesse myghte aunswcre the greate
plentye thereof, it was to be thoughte that it might reason-
ably suffise all the golde gluttons of the worlde. Thys ilandc
tlie Captayne, for cause of his good happe, called after his
owne name, Bestes blessing, and wyth these good tydings
returning aboorde hys shippc the ninth of August, about
tenne of the clockc at night, he was joyfully welcomed of
hys companye who before were discomforted and greatelic
expected some better fortune at hys handcs.

The next daye bceyng the tenth of August, the weather
reasonably fayre, they put into the foresayde harborough,
having their boate for theyr better sccuvitie sounding before
theyr ship. But for all the care and diligence that coulde
be taken, in soundyng the Channell over and over agayne,
the Anne Frances came aground uppon a sunken rockc
within the harborough, and lay thereon more than halfe
drye untill the next flood,, when, by (Jods Almighty Provi-

lilessiiig.

'I'lip Anne
Fiiinccs ill
ilKiiger.

266

rilE TIIIIID VOYAGK

'I'he Moone
in liiir-
borow.

1lii<l(ins
Jloilluiul.

dciicc, contraryc almost to all expectation, they came afloatc
agayiie, bceyng forced all that tyme to underscttc thcyr
slii])pc wytli their niayne yarde, whyche otherwyse was
lykely to ovcrscttc and put thereby in daunger the whole
company. They hadde above two thousande strokes togythcr
at the pumpc, before they couldc make thcyr shyppe free of
the water agayne, so sore shoe was brused by lying uppon
the rockes. The Moone came safely, and roade at ancker
by the Anne Frances, whose helpe in theyr ncccssitie they
couldc not well have missed.

Now, whilest the marrincrs were romaging theyr shyppes
and mending that whiche was amisse, the miners followed
their laboure, for getting togither of sufficient quantitie of
ore, and the carpenters endeavoured to do tlu^yr best for
the making uppe of the boate or pinnesse, whiche to bring
to passe, they wanted two spcciall and moste necessary
things ; that is, ccrtaine principal timbers that are called
knees, which are the chiefcst strength of any boate, and
also nayles wherewithall to joine the plancks togither.
Whereupon, having by chance a smyth amongst tliem (and
yet unfurnished of his ncccssarie toolcs to worke and make
nayles withall), they were fainc of a gunne chamber to make
an anvil to worke upon, and to use a pickaxe instead of a
sledge to beat withall, and also to occupy two small bellows
instccde of one payre of greater smyths bellows. And for
lack of small iron, for the easier making of the nayles, were
forced to breake their tongs, grydiern, and fiershovcll in
peeces

The eleventh of August, the Captaine of the Amie Frances
taking the maistcr of hys ship with hym, Avent up to the
toppe of Hattons Tledland, which is the highest lande of
all the straites, to the endc to descry the situation of the
country underneath, and to take a true plot of the pkce,
whereby also to see what store of the ise was yet lefte in the
straites, as also to searche what mine, matter, or fruite that

OF CAPTAIN FROIUSTIEK.

2C7

cither.

(and

make

\d of a

cllows

nd for

, were

veil in

plrce,
) in the
ite thai

soylc myght ycoldc. And the rather for the honor y" said
Captainc doth owe to that honorahlc name which hiniselfc
gave thereunto the last yeare in the highest parte of this
hedlandc, he caused his couipanye to make a columnc or
crosse of stone, in token of Christian possession. In this
place there is plenty of hlacke ore and divers preatic stones.

The seaventccnth of Augustc, the Captaines wyth their
companies chased and killed a greate white bcare, whichc
adventured and gave a fierce assaulte upon twentie men
being wcaponcd. And he served them for good meat many
dayes after.

The eighteenth of August, the pinnesso with muche adoc
being set togythcr, the saide Captaine Bcstc determined to
depart upon the straitcs to prove and make trial, as before J^,J'ro"|^„-"
was pretended, some of his companye grcatlyc persuading
hini to the contrarie, and specially the carpenter that set
the same togithcr, who saide that he would not adventure
himsclfe therein for five hundreth poundes, for that the
boatc hung togithcr but onclye by the strength of the
nayles, and lacked some of her principall knees and tymbers.

These words somewhat discouraged some of the company
which should have gone therein. Whereupon the Captaine,
as one not altogithcr addicted to his ownc selfc will, but
somewhat foreseeing how it might be afterwards spoken, if
conlrarye fortune should happen him (lo, he bathe followed
his owne opinion and desperate resolutions, and so thereafter
it has befallen him), calling the maister marriners of bcstc
judgement togythcr, declared unto them howe much the
cause imported him in his creditc to seeke out the Generall,
as well to confcrre with him of some causes of waight as
otherwise to make due examination and triall of the good-
nesse of the ore, whereof they had no assurance but by
guesse of the eye, and was wcl like the other : which, so to
carry home, not knowing the goodnesse thereof, might bo as
much as if they should bring so many stones. And, there-

2G8

11 IK Tin HI) VOYAOK

fore, hec ilcsired them to dclyvcr tlicir plaiiie and hoiicht
opinion, whether the" pinnasse were suiHcicnt for him so to
adventure in or no. It was answered, that by carefull heedc
taking thereunto amonght the is>e and the foulc weather, the
pinnesse might suffice. And hereuppon the nial.'-ters nuitc
of the Anne Frances, called Joim Ciray, manfully and
honestly ofTering himself unto his Captain in this adventure
and service, gave cause to others of hys marriners to folloyv
the attempt.

And upon the nineteenth of August the said Captain
being acconijKinicd with Captainc Upcote of the Moone, and
xviii persons in the small pinnesse, having convenient por-
tion of victualles and things necessary, departed upon the
said pretended voyage, leaving their shippc at ancker in a
good readinesse for the taking in of their fraight. And
having little winde to saile withall, they plyed alongest the
souther shoare, and passed above 30 leagues, having the
onely helpe of mans labour with ores, and so entendyng to
keepe that shoare aboorde untill they were gote up to the
fuithest and narrowest of y*' straites, minded there to crosse
over and to search likewise alongest the northerland unto
the Countesses Sound, and from thence to passe all thi't
coaste along, whereby if any of the fleete hadde been dis-
tressed by wracke of rocke or ise, by that meanes they
might be perceived of them, and so they thereby to give
them such helpe and reliefe as they could. 'Ihey did greatly
feare and ever suspecte that some of the fleete were surely
caste awaye and driven to seeke sowre sallets amongest the
colde clifl'es.

And being shot up about 40 leagues within y" straites,
they put over towards y* norther shore, which was not a
little daungerous for theyr small boatc. And by meanes of
sodaine llawe were driven and faine to seek harborow in the
niiiht amongst all the rockes and broken grounde of Ga-
briells llandcs, a place so named within the btraites above

OF CAl'TAIN ki{(,iiisiii;h.

2Gi)

itiaitcs,
s not a
>ancs of
in the
ot" Cja-
s above

the Countossp of Warwioks Soiuulc. Antl by the way where
they landed they did tiiid certaine great stones settc uppc
by tlic count rie people, as it seemed for niarkes, where they
also made nuinye crosses of stone in token that Christians
had bin there. The xxii of Au'^ust they hadde sighte of
the Countessc Sounde, and made the place pcrfccte from
the toppe of a hill, and keopyng along the norther shoare
perceived the smoake of a fyre under a hylles side, whereof
they diverslye deemed when they came nearer the place,
tliey perceyved people whiclie wafted unto them, as it
seemed, with a flaggc or auncient. And bycause the can-
niballes and countrie people had nsed to doe the lyke when
they perceived any of our boats to passe by, they suspected
them to be the same. And coming somewhat nearer they
might perceive certayne tents and disecrne this auncient to
be of mingled colours, black and white, after the English
fashion. But bycausp they could see no shippe nor likeli-
hoode of harborow within five or sixe leagues aboute, and
knewc that none of oure men were wonte to frequent those
partes, they coulde not tell what to judge thereof, but
imagined tliat some of the shyppes being caried so highe
wyth the storme and mistes, had made shipwrackc amongest
the ise or the broken ilandes there, and were spoylcd by
the country people, who might use the sundrio coloured
fiaggc for a policie to bring them likewise within their
daunger. Whereupon the saide C'aptaine, wyth his com-
panies, resolved to recover the same auncient, if it were so,
from those base, cruell, and man-eating people, or else to
lose their lives, and all togither. One promised himselfe a
payre of garters, another a scarffe, the third a lace to tye
hys whistle withal of the same. In the ende, they discerned
them to be their conntreymcn, and then they deemed them
to have lostc theyr shyppes, and so to be gathered togythor
for theyr better strength. On the other side, the companye
a shoare feared that the Captayne having loste his shippe,

270

THK THIIU) VOYAGE

Hunt eijomel
mihl.

OnptRino

York

nrrivcil.

came to sceko forth the fleotc for his rclicfV' in hys poorc
pinncssc, so that their extremities caused cache parte to
suspect the worste.

The captaiiie nowc with his pinncsse being come neere
the shoarc, commanded his boate carefully to be kepte
afloat, least in their nccessitie, they mii^ht winne the same
from hym, and secke first to save then)selvcs (for everye
mannc in that cause is nexte himsclfe). They haled one
another according to the manner of the sea, and demanded
what cheare ; and either partie answered y'' other, that all
was well ; whereuppon there was a sodaine and joyfull oute-
slioote, with grcate flinging up of cappes, and a brave voly
of shotte to welcome one another. And truelyc it was a
mostc straungc case, to sec howc joyfull and gladdc everye
partie was to sec themselves mectc in safeti ■ againe, after so
strange and incredible daungcrs ; yet to be shorte, as theyr
daungcrs were greate, so their God was greater.

And here the company were workyng uppon newc mines,
which Cajitayn Yorkc being here arrived not long before,
hadde foundc out in this place, and it is named the Countr.se
of Sussex Mine.

After some conference wyth ourc friends here, the Cap-
taine of the Atme Frances departed towardes the Countesse
of Warwickes Sounde to speake with the Generall, and to
have triall made of suchc mettall as he hadde broughte
thither, by the goldfinders. And so determined to dispatche
againe towards his shippc. And having spoken wyth the
Generall, he received order for all causes, and direction as
well for the bringing uppe of his shippe to the Countesses
Sounde, as also to fraight his shippc with the same ore he
himsclfe hadde found, which upon triall made, proved to be
very good.

The thirteenth of Auguste, the saide Ciapitainc mcttc to-
gither with the other Ca])itaines (Commissioners in counscU
with the Generall) aboorde the Aydc, where they considered

lit

OF CAI'TAIN KUOHISIIER.

271

poorc
irtc to

; nccrc

kcptc

le same

evevyc
icd one
mandcd
tliat all
ill oute-
ive voly
t was a
; evcryc

after so
as thcyr

e mines,

before,

ountr ^sc

jhe Cap-
lountesse
, aiiil to
n-oughte
^ispatclie
^yth the
bction as
iuutcsses
ore he
led to be

lictte to-
Icounsell
Insidovcd

and consulted of sundric causes, which, particularly rei»istrcd
by the notarle, were appointed, where and howe to be done
againste an other yeare.

The fourteenth of August the Generall with two plnncsses
and good numbers of men, wcnte to IJearc's Sounde, com-
luanding the said capitaine with his pinnessc to attend the
service, to see if ho could encounter or apprehend any of the
caniballcs, for sundry tynies they showed themselves busy
thereabouts, sometimes with seven or eight boates in one
company, as though they minded to encounter with ourc
compauye, whichc were working there at the mines, in no
greate numbers. Tint when they perceived anyc of ourc
shippes to ride in that roade (being belike more amazed at
the countenance of a shippe, and a more number of men)
didde never shewe themselves againe there at all. Where- pe!I[,'i„"'„'i!r
fore oure men soughte with their pinnesses to compassc ®'"'"'
aboute the ilaud, where they did use, supposing there
sodainely to intercept some of them. But before ourc men
coulde come neare, having belike some watch in the toppc
of the mountaines, they conveyed themselves privily away,
and lefte (as it shouldc seeme) one of their great dartes be-
hinde them for haste, whiche we foundc neare to a place of
their caves and housing. Therefore, though our Generall
were very desirous to have taken some of them to have
broughtc into Englandc, they being nowe growen more wary
by their former losses, would not at any time come within
our daungers. About midnight of the same day the captaine
of the Anne Frances departed thence and set his course over
the straites towards Hattons Tlcdland, being about fiftecne
leagues, and returned aboord his ship over, the five and
twcntithf^ of Auguste, to the greate coniforte of his company,
who long expected his comming, where he foundc hys
shyppes ready rigged and loaden. Wherefore he departed
from thence agayne the next morning towardes the Count-
esses Sounde, where he arrived the eight and twentith of the

THK THIllI) VOYAGK

A lioiise
biiildnil nnd
Icit tliuru.

same. By the waye he sctte hys miners ashoare at Beares
Soundc, for the better dispatche and gathering the ore to-
githcr, for that some of the ships were behinde with their
fn ighto, the time of the yeare passing speedily aM'ay.

The thirtith of August the Anne Frances was brought
aground, and had viij great Icakes mended, whiche she had
received by means of the rocks and isc. This daye the
masons finished a house whiche Captaine Fenton caused to
be made of lymc and stone upon the Countosso of Warwickes
Uande, to the ende we mighte prove against the nexte yeare,
whether the snow coulde overwhelm it, the frosts break uppe,
or the people dismember the same. And the better to allure
those brutish and uncivill people to courtesie, againste other
times of our comming, we Icfte therein dyvers of our coun-
trie toyes, as bells, and knives, wherein they specially de-
light, one for the necessarie use, and the other for the great
pleasure thereof. Also pictures of men and women in lead,
men a horsebackc, lookinghisses, whistles, and pipes. Also
in the house was made an oven, and brcade left baked
therein, for them to see and taste.

We buried the timber of our pretended forte, with manye
barrels of meale, pease, griste, and sundrie other good things,
which was of the provision of those whych should inhabite,
if occasion served. And insteede therof we fraight oure
ships full of ore, whiche we holdc of farre greater price. Also
here we sowed pease, corne, and other graine, to prove the
fruitfulncsse of the soyle against the next yeare.

^Nlaister Wolfall on AVinters Fornacc preached a godly
sermon, which being ended, he celebrated also a communion
upon the lande, at the partaking whereof was the capitainc
of the Anne Frances, and manye other gentlemen and
soldiours, marrincrs and miners wyth hym. The celebration
of divine mistery was y" first signe, senle, and confirmation
of Christcs name, death and passion ever knowen in all
these quarters. I'hc said M. Wolfall made sermons, and

OF CAPTAIN FROmSHER.

273

t Beares
L' ore to-
ith their

brought
; she had
daye the
;aused to
'^arwickes
cte yeare,
3ak uppc,
: to allure
istc other
our coun-
cially de-
thc great
n in lead,
es. Also
•ft baked

th manye
I things,
inhubite,
iht oure
cc. Also

-irovc the

a godly
iininunion
capitaine
men and
Icbration
firmation
en in all
ions, and

celebrated the communion at sundrie other times, in severall
and sundrie ships, bicausc the whole company could never
meet togither at any one place. The fleet now being in
some good readinessc for their lading, y^ General calling
togither the gentlemen and captains to consult, told them
that he was very desirous y' some further discovery should
be attempted, and y' he wouldc not only by Gods help bring
home his shippes laden with gclde ore, b it also meant to
bring some certificat of a further discoverie of y" countric,
which thing to bring to passe (having sometime therein con-
sulted) they foundc veryc harde, and almost invincible.
And considering that aliCvidy they hadde spcnte some time
in searching out the trending and fashion of the mistaken
straites, and had entred verye farrc there^i, therefore it
coulde not be saide but that by thys voyage they have
notice of a further discovery, and that the hope of the
passage thereby is much furthered and encreased, as ap-
peared before in the discourse thereof Yet notwythstand-
ing, if anye meanes mighte be further devised, the captayncs
were contented and willing, as the Gencrall shoulde ap-
pointe and commando, to take any enterprise in liandc.
MHiichc, after long debating, was fouiul a thing veryc im-
possible, and that rather consultation was to bee had of re-
turning honiewarde, cspeciallye for these causes following.
First, the darke foggy mistes, the continuall fallyng snowe
and stormy weather which they commonly were vexed with,
and nowc daylye ever more and more encreased, have no
small argument of the winters drawing neare. And also the
froste everye nighte was so harde congealed within the
sounde, that if by cvill happe they shoulde be long kepte in
wyth contrarye windes, it was greatly to be feared that
they shouUl be shutte uppe there faste the whole yeare,
whych being utterly unprovided, would be their utter de-
struction. Againe, drinckc was so scant throughout all the
flectc, by means of the great leakage, that not onely the

emisulta-
tioii for ii
tuillier ilia-
coveiio.

274

THE THIRD VOYAGE

provision whyche was laydc in for the habitation was want-
ing and wasted, but also cache shyppes severall provision
spent and lost, which many of oure companye, to their great
griefe, founde in their returne since, for al the way home-
wards they drank,, nothing but water. And the great cause
of this lekage and wasting was, for that y® great timber and
seacole, which lay so waighty upon y^ barrels, brake,
brused, and rotted y« hoopes in sunder. Yet notwithstand-
ing these reasons alledged, y" Gcnerall himselfe (willing the
rest of the gentlemen and captaines every man to looke to
his severall charge and lading, that against a day appointed
they shoulde be all in a readinesse to sctte homeward) him-
selfe went in his pinnesse and discovered further northward
in the straytes, and found that by Beares Sound and Halles
Hand the land was not firme, as it was first supposed, but
all broken ilandes in manner of an archipclagus ; and so,
with other secret intt^igence to himselfe, he returned to
the fleete. AVhere presentlve, upon his arrivall at the
Countesses Sound, he began to take order for their return-
ing homeward, and first caused certayne Articles to be pro-
claymed, for the better keeping orders and courses in their
returne, which Articles were delivered to every captayne,
and a»*e these that follow : —

ARTICLES SETTE DOWNE BY MARTIN FROBISHKR, ESQUIKR,
CAPTAYNE GKNERALL OF TIIK WHOLE FLEETE, AP-
POYNTED FOR THE NORTHWEAST DISCOVERIES OF
CATAYA, PUBLISHED AND MADE KNOWEN TO THE
FLEETE FOR THE BETTER OBSERVING CERTAYNE ORDERS
AND COURSE IN THEIR RETURNE HOMEWARDE.

1. Firste and principallie he doth straytcly charge and
commaunde, by vcrtue of hir Majesties commission which he
hath, and in hir Majesties name, that every captayne and
captaynes, master and masters of the sayde fleete do vigi-
Icntly and carefully kcepc company with the Admirall, and

OF CAPTAIN FUOniSHER.

275

by no manner of mcanes brcakc companyc willingly now in
our returne homewards, uppon pcync of forfeture his or
their whole freyte, that shall be found culpable therein, and
further to receyvc suche punishment, as to hir Majestie shal
seeme good therein, and also to answere all such damages
or losses as may happen or growe by dispersing and break-
ing from the fleete. And therefore for the better keeping
of companye, the Generall straytely chargeth and com-
maundeth all the maysters of these shippes, and every of
them, that they repayre to speake with the Adinirall once
every daye, if he or they may convenientlye doc it, uppon
payne of forfeting of one tunne fraightc to hir Majestie, for
every daye neglecting the same.

2. Item, that every mayster in the sayde fleete observe
and keepe orderly and vigilantly all such articles as were
outwards bounde, drawen, and published by the Generall
in hyr Majesties name, whereof there was dcly vered to every
shippe a copie.

3. Item, that all captaynes and maysters of everye ship
and shippes doe proclaime and make it knowen to their
companye, that no person or persons within the sayde fleete,
of what condition soever, doe take or keepe to theyr use or
uses any ore or stones, of what quantitie so ever it be, but
forthwith upon publication hereof, to dcly ver them and yeelde
them to the custodie of the captayne to deliver unto the Gene-
rall his officers, that shr.U be appointed to call for them
upon payne or losse of his or their wages, and treble the
value of them or him that shall be founde giltie, the one
halfe thereof to be given unto him that shal apprehend any
suche person^ and the other halfe at hir Majesties appoynt-
ment, and the partic founde guiltie therein to be appre-
hended as a fellon.

4. Item, that no person or persons convey or carrie out
of any ship or shippes any ore or stone or other commoditie
whatsoever were had or found in the land called Meta In-

T 2

'■ i|

27G

THE THIRD VOYAGE

cognita, before they came in the place appoyntcd, which is
against Dartford Crecke in y® River of Thames, and then
and there to deliver none to anye person or persons, but
such as shall be appoynted by hir Highnesse most honorable
Privie Counsell, upon the payne and danger abovesaid.

5. Item, forasmuche as in my voyage hither bounde, I
landed upon Freseland, and divers other of the said ileete,
which land I named "West England, from which land some
brought stones, ore, and other commodities, whereby here-
after they might use coulorable means, to convey as well
ore, stones, and other things found in the abovesayd land, I
do therefore charge every person and persons in th' sayd
flcete to deliver, or cause to be delivered, al maner of ore,
stones, and other commodities founde as well there as here,
to the captaynes of every shippe or shippcs, to be redelivered
by him or them to the Gencrall, upon payne and danger
aforcsayd.

6. Item, that if any shippe or shippes by force of weather
shall be separated from the Admiral), and afterwards happen
to fall, or shall be in danger to fall into the handcs of their
enimies, that then all and everye suche shippe or shippes
shall have spcciall regard before his falling into theyr
handes, to convey away and cast into the seas all suche
plattes or cardes, as shall be in any suche shippe or shippes
of the abovesaide discovered lande, and all other knowledge
thereof.

7. Item, that if any such shippe or shippes by force of
weather shall be separated from the fleete or Adniirall, and
shall afterwardcs arrive at any port in England, that then in
such case he shall not depart from that porte, but shall give
order and advertisement to Michaell Locke, treasourer of
the companye, by whom hee or they shall have order from
the Lordes of the Privie CounccU what they shall do.

8. Item, forasmuch as sundry of the fleets companies have
had lent them crowes of iron, sledges, pixeaxcs, shovels,

OF CAPTAIN FROmSJlER.

277

liich is
d then
as, but
lorable
id.

indc, I
. llcete,
d some
y here-
as well

land, I
IP sayd

of ore,
as here,
divercd

danger

^veather
happen
of their
shippcs

theyr

1 suche
shippes

owlcdge

force of

all, and

then in

lall give

ourer of

cr from

■ 0.

ucs have
shovels,

spades, hatchets, axes, and divers other instruments for
mines and mining used. And also dyvers of the sayde kind
of instruments above named, was Icfte at the Countesse of
Sussex mine by ^he Aydcs companye, and are yet kept
from their knowledge by such as wrought at the sayd myne,
which instruments do apperteyne to the righte honorable
and worshipfull company of the abovesaide discoverie. I
do therefore charge all captaynes and maysters of every
shippe or shippes to make it knowen to his or their com-
panies, to the end that all such instruments, as well those
lent, as those that are otherwise dcteyned and kept away,
may be agayne restored, and broughte aboord the Admirall
upou payne and danger expressed in the third article.

By me, Martin Frobisher.

THK FLEETES RETURNING HOMEWARD.

Having nowc receyved articles and direction for oure
returne homewardes, all other things being in forwardnesse
and in good order, the last day of August the whole ileete
departed from the Countesse Sound, excepting the Judilh
and the Anne Frances, who stayed for the taking in of fresh
water, and came forth the next dayc and mette the flcete
lying off and on, athwart Bcares Sounde, who stayed for
the Generall, which then was gone ashore to dispatch the ^^^^^^
two barkes and the Bussc, of Bridge water, for their load- i'"""=^^'"'J-
ing, whereby to get the companycs and other things
aboordc. The captayne of the Anne Frances having most
part of Lis company ashore the first of Sciitember, went also
to Bcares Sound in his pinnessc to fetch hys men aboordc,
but the winde grew so great immediately uppon their land-
ing that the shippes at sea were in great danger, and some
of them hardly put from their ankers, and greatly feared to
be utterly lost, as the Hopewell, wherein was Captayne
Carew and others, who could not tell on which side their
di'nger was most, for having mightie rockcs threatening on

HIS

THE THIRD VOYAGE

the one side, and drivin^.^ ilands of cutting isc on the other
side, they greatly feared to make shipwrack, y* ise driving
so neare them that it touched their borde sprete. And by
meanes of y^ sea that was growen so hie, they were not able
to put to seas with their smal pinnesses, to recover their
shippes. And, againe, the ships were not able to tarrie or
lye athwarte for them by meanes of the outrageous windes
and swelling seas. The General willed the captaine of the
Aime Frances with his companye for that nighte to lodge
aboorde the Basse of Bridgewater, and went himself with
the rest of his men abordc the barkes. But their numbers
were so great and the provision of the barkes so scant that
they pestered one another exceedingly. They had good
hope that the next morning the weather woulde be faire,
wherby they might recover their shippes. But in the
morning following it was farre worse, for the storme con-
tinued greater, the sea being more swollen and the fleete
gone quite out of sighte. So that now their doubts began
to growe great, for the ship of Bridgewater which was of
greatest receit, and wherof they had best hope and made
most accompt, roade so far to leewarde of the harborow
mouth, that they were not able for the rockes (that lay be-
tweene the winde and them) to leade it out to sea with a
sayle. And the barkes were so already pestered with men
and so slenderly furnished of provision, that they had scarce
meate for sixe dayes for such numbers.

The Generall in the morning departed to sea in the
Gahriell, to seeke for the fleete, leaving the Busse, of Bridge-
water, and the Michael bchinde in Beares Sound. The
Busse set sayle, and thought by turning in the narrowe
channell within the harborow, to get to windewarde ; but
being put to leewarde more by that meanes was faine to
come to ancker for hir better safetie amongst a number of
rockes, and there left in great danger of ever getting forth
againe. 'I'he Michacll set sayle to follow the Generall, and

OF CAPTAIN FROBISHER.

279

could give yo Busse no rcliefc, although they earnestly de-
sired the same. And the captaine of the Amie Frances
was Icftc in hardc election of two evils : either to abide his
fortune with the Basse, o[ Bridgewatcr, which was doubtfull
of ever getting forth, or else to be towed in his smal pin-
ncssc at the sterne of the Michael thorow the raging seas,
for that the barkc was not able to receive or releeve halfe
his company, wherein his daunger was not a little perillous.

So, after resolved to committe himselfe, with all his com-
pany, unto that fortune of God and sea, hee was daunger-
ously towed at the sterne of the barke for many myles, untill
at length they espyed the Anne Frances under sayle, harde
under their lee, which was no small comforte unto them.
For no doubt both those and a great number moe had
perished for lackc of victuals, and convenient roome in the
barkcs, without the helpe of the sayde ships. But the
honest care that the maister of the Anne Francos had of his
captaine and the good regarde of dutie towards his General,
suffered him not to depart, but honestly abode to hazarde a
daungerous roadc all the night long, notwithstanding all the
stormy weather, when all the fleete besides departed. And
the pinnesse came no sooner aborde the shippe, and the men
entered, but she presently sheavered and fel in pecces, and
sunke at the ships sterne with al the poore mens furniture :
so weake was the boate with towing, and so forcible was the
sea to bruse hir in peeces. But (as God woulde) the men
were all saved.

At this presento in this stormc manye of the fleete were
dangerously distressed, and were severed almost al asunder.
And there were lost in the whole fleete well neere xx boates
and pinnesses in this storme, and some men strokcn over
boorde into the sea, and utterly lost. Manye also spente
their mayne yardes and mastes, and with the continuall
frostes and dcawe, the roapes of our shippes were nowe
growen so rotten, that they went all asunder. Yet, thanks

wmm

280

THE THIRD VOYAOK

A fruitful
new iliiiid
discovcieJ.

be to God, all the flcetc arrived safely in Englande aboute
the first of October, some in one place, and some in another.
But among other, it was most marvellous how y^ Basse, of
]>ridgewatcr, got away, who being lefte bchinde the flecte
in great daunger of never getting forth, was forced to sccke
a way northwarde, thorowe an unknowen channel full of
rockcs, upon the back side of Bcares Soundc, and there by
good hap found out a way into the north sea (a very
daungcrous attempted, save that neccssitie, which hath no
lawe, forced them to trie masteries. This foresaide north
sea is the same which lyeth upon the backc side of all the
northe lande of Frobishcrs Straits, where first y" Generall
himself in his pinnesscs, and some other of our company
have discovered (as they affirmc) a great forelandc where
they would have also a greate likclyhoode of the greatest
passage towardes the South Sea, or Marc del Sar.

The Basse, of Bridgcwater, as she came homeward to
y" southestwarde of Frescland, discovered a great ilande in
the latitude of degrees which was never yet founde before,
and sayled three daycs alongst the coast, the land seeming
to be fruitcful, full of woods, and a champain countrie.

There dyed in the whole flecte in all this voyage not
above fortie persons, whiche number is not great, consider-
ing howe manye ships were in the flecte, and how strange
fortunes we passed.

A GENERALL BRIEFE DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTREY, AND
CONDITION OF THE I'EOrLE, WHICH ARE FOUND IN

"WETA INCOGNITA."

Having now sufficiently and truly set forth y® whole cir-
cumstance, and particular handling of every occurence in
the three voyages of our worthy Generall, Captayne Fro-
bishcr, it shal not be from the purpose to spcake somewhat
in generall of the nature of this countrcy called Mcta In-

OF CAPTAIN FROBISIIKR.

281

: aboute
another,
iussc, of
be flccte
to sceke
I full of
there by
(a very
hath no
lie north
f all the
Gcncrall
company
ie where
greatest

Dward to

ilande in

e before,

seeming

rie.

yagc not
consider-
strange

EY, AND

i:nd in

lolc cir-
rence in
•ne Fro-
omewhat
lie fa In-

cognita, and the condition of the savage people there in-
habiting.

First therefore concerninp' the topo"raphicall description a topofpn

°^ . pliioill do-

of the place. It is nowe foundc in the last vo acfc that H'riiti"" <

'■ ~ Metii In-

Queen Elizabeths Cape, being situate in latitude of oouuita.

degrees and a halfe, whiche before was supposed to be parte
of the firme land of America. And also all the rest of the
south side of Frobishers Straytes, are all severall ilands and
broken land, and likewise so will all the north side of tlie
said straytes fall out to be, as I thinke. And some of our
company being entred above 60 leagues within the mistaken
straytes, in the third booke mentioned, thought certaynely
that they had deserved the firme lande of America towards
the south, which I thinke will fall out so to bee.

These broken landcs and ilandes, being very many in
number, do seemc to make there an archipelagus, which as
they all differ in greatncsse, forme, and fashion one from
another, so arc they in goodnesse, couloure and soyle muche
unlike. They all are very high lands, mountayncs, and in
most parts covered with snow, even all the summer long.
The norther lands have lesse store of snow, more grasse, and
are more plaync countreys ; the cause may be, for that the
souther ilands receive all the snow, y' the cold winds and
percing ayre bring out of the north. And contrarily the
norther partes receive more warme blastes of milder aire
from the south, whereupon may grow the cause why the
people covet and inhabit more upon the north partes, than
the south, as farre as we can yet by our experience perceive
they doe. These people I judge to be a kinde of Tartar, or
rather a kind of Samowey, of the same sort and condition of
life y' the Samoweides be to the northeastwards, beyond
Moscovy, who are called Samoweyes, which is as much to
say in the Moscovy tong, as eaters of themselves, and so the
Russians their borderers doe name them. And by late con-
ference with a friend of mine (with whome I dyd sometime

282

THE Tlimn VOYAGE

travcll in the parts of Moscovy) who hath great experience
of" those Somoweides and people of y" northeast, I finde, that
in all their manor of living, those people of the northeast,
and these of the northwcast, are like. They are of the
eoloure of a ripe olive, wiiich how it may come to passe,
being borne in so cold a climate, I referre to y® judgement
of others, for they are naturally borne children of the same
couloure and complexion as all the Americans are, which
dwell under the equinoctiall line.

They are men very active and nimble. They are a strong
people, and very warlike, for in our sighte, uppon the toppcs
of the hilles, they would often muster themselves, and after
the man<^r of a skirmish, trace their ground very nimbly, and
mannagc their bowes and dartes with great dexteritie. They
goe clad in coates made of the skinnes of beastes, as of ceales,
dere, beares, foxes, and hares. They have also some gar-
ments of feathers, being made of the cases of foules, finely
sowed and compact togither. Of all which sortes, we
broughte home some with us into England, which we founde
in their tents. In sommer, they use to weare the hearie side
of their coates outwarde, and sometime go naked for too
much heatc. And in winter (as by signes they have de-
clared) they weare foure or five folde uppon their bodies
with y^ heare (for warmth) turned inward. Hereby it ap-
peareth, that the ayre there is not indifFerente, but eyther it
is fervent bote, or else extreeme colde, and far more exces-
sive in both qualities, than the reason of the clymate shoulde
yeclde. For there it is colder, being under degrees in

latitude than it is at Warhus in the voyage to Saint Nicholas
in Moscovie, being at above 70 degrees in latitude. The
reason hereof, perhaps, maye be, that thys Meta Incognita is
much frequented and vexed with eastern and northeastern
windes, whiche from the sea and ise bringeth often an intoller-
able cold ayre, whiche was also the cause that this yere our
straites were so long shutte up. But there is great hope and

OK CAPTAIN FHOHISIIER.

283

cricnce
Ic, that
rthcast,
of the
I passe,
gcmcnt
le same
, which

I strong
; toppcs
nd after
bly, and
. They
f ccalcs,
me gar-
!S, finely
ptes, Ave
n founde
aric side
for too
lave de-
bodics
)y it ap-
ythcr it
exccs-
shoulde
rees in
'Nicholas
The
)gnita is
icastcrn
■intoller-
ere our
ope and

likclyhoodc, that further within the straights it will be more
constant and temperate weather.

These people are in nature vcryc subtil, and sharpe wittcd,
rcadye to conceive our meaning by signcs, and to make
answere, well to be undcrstoode againe. As if they have
not scene the thing whereof you askc them, they wyll winck,
or cover their eyes with their hands, as who would say, it
hath bene hyd from their sighte. If they undcrstande you
not, whereof you aske them, they will stoppe their cares.
Tiiey will teach us the names of cache thing in their lan-
guage, which we desire to learne, and are apt to learne any
thing of us. They delight in musickc above measure, and
will keep time and stroke to any tune which you shal sin^,",
both wyth their voycc, hcadc, handc and fcete, and wyll sing
the same tunc aptlyc after you. They will rowc with our
oarcs in our boates, and kepe a true stroke with ourc
mariners, and scenic to take great delight therein. They
live in caves of the earth and hunte for their dinners or
prayc, even as the beare or other wildc beastcs do. They
cate rawe fleshe and fishe, and refuse no meatc, howsoever
it be stinking. They are desperate in their fight, sullen of
nature, and ravenous in their manner of feedinge.

T'heir sullen and desperate nature doth herein manifestly
appeare, that a com panic of them being environed of our
men, on the toppe of a high cliffe, so that they coulde by no
meanes escape our handes, finding themselves in this case
distressed, chose rather to cast themselves headlong downe
the rockes into the sea, and so to be bruscd and drowned,
rather than to yceld themselves to our men's mercies.

For their weapons, to offende their enimies, or kill their
pray withall, they have dartes, slings, bowes, and arrows
headed with sharp stones, bones, and some with yron. They
arc exceedingly friendly and kinde harted, one to the other,
and mourne greatly at the losse or harme of their fellowes,
and cxprcssc their griefc of minde, when they part one from

^^p

^84

THE THIRD VOYAGE

an other, with a mouriicfuU sonj,', and DirgQiP. They arc
very shamclast in bewraying the secretes of nature, and
verye chaste in y* manor of their living : for when the man
which we brought from thence into Enghind (y" hxst voyage)
shouhl put of his coat, or discover liis whole body for change,
he would not suffer the woman to be present, but put hir
forth of hys cabin. And in all the space of two or three
moncthes, while the man lived in company of the woman,
there was never any thing scene or perceived betwecnc them
more than might have passed betwecnc brother and sister :
but the woman was in all things very servicable for the man,
attending him carefully, when he was sick, and he likewise
in al the meatcs whiche they did eatc togithcr, would carve
unto her of the sweetest, fattest, and best morsels they had.
They wondred muche at all our things, and were afraide of
our horses, and other beastes, out of measure. They be-
gannc to grow more civill, familiar, pleasant, and docible
amongst us in a verye shorte time.

They have boatcs made of leather, and covered clcanc
over, saving one place in the middle to sit in, planckcd
within with timber, and they use to rowe therein with one
ore, more swiftly a great dcale, than we in our boatcs can
doc with twentie. They have one sort of greater boatcs
Avherin they can carrie above twentie persons, and have a
mast wyth a sayle thereon, whiche sayle is made of thinnc
skinncs or bladders, sowed together with the sincwes of
fishes.

They are good fishermen, and in their small boatcs, beeing
disguised with their coates of cealcs skinncs, they deceyve
the fishe, who take them rather for their fellowe ceales, than
lor deccyving men.

They are good marke men. With their darte or arrowe
they will commonly kill ducke or any other foule in the
head and commonly in the eye.

When they shoote at a greate fishe with anye of theyr

01' CAPTAIN VIlOMISIIEn,

285

hey are
re, ami
he man
voyage)
ehange,
put hii'
jr three
woman,
me them
1 sister:
the man,
likewise
Id carve
hey had.
fraide of
rhey be-
l docible

d clcane

)lanckcd
ilh one

)ates can
boates
have a
■ thinnc

icwes of

, becing

deceyvc

dcs, than

r arrowe
e in the

of theyr

dartes, thry use to tyc a bladder tlicrounto, whereby they
may the better findo them ngaine, and the fishe not able to
Carrie it so easily away, for that the bladder dothc boy the
darto, will at length be wcerie and dye therewith.

They use to traflikc and exchange their commodities with
some other people, of whome they have such things as their
miserable country and ignorance of arte to make, denyeth
them to have, as barres of iro«, heads of iron for their
dartes, needles made foure-squarc, certayne buttons of cop-
per, whiche they use to wearc uppon theyr forheads for
ornaments, as oure ledycs in the Court of England do use
great pcarle.

Also they have made signes unto us that they have
seen gold and such bright plates of mcttals whiche arc used
for ornaments amongst some people with whome they have
conference.

We found also in their tents a Guiney bcane of rcddc
couloure, the which dothe usually grow in the bote coun-
treys : whereby it appereth they trade with other nations
Avhiche dwell farrc off, or else themselves are great travel-
lers.

They have nothing in use among them to make fyre
withali, saving a kind of heath and mosse which groweth
there.

And they kindle their fyre with continuall rubbing and
fretting one sticke againste another, as we do with flints.
They drawe with doggcs in sleads upon the isc, and remove
their tents thcrwithal, wherein they dwcl in sommer, when
they goe a hunting for their praye and provision againste
winter. They doc sometime parboyle their meate a little
and seeth the same in kettles made of beasts skins : they
have also pannes cutte and made of stone very artificially :
they use preaty ginr is wherewith they take foule. The
women carry their sucking children at their backs, and do
feed them with raw flesh, which first they do a little chawe

]\'<vi lli»y

Tlif) k('ll1i?8
iiijil piiiiiiea.

••BP

286

THK TIIIRI) VOYAGE

Tlip ppojile
Blirubbes.

Tlip mooiie
iiiiikpih n
ipvdlutioii
nbiive
groin I J.

in their ownc mouths. The women have their faces marked
or painted over with small blewe spots : they have blacke
and long haire on their heads, and trimmc the same in a
decent order. The men have but little haire on their faces,
and very thinne bcardes. For their common drincke, they
cate ise to quench their thirst withal. Their earth yceldcth
no graine or fruite of sustenance for man, or almost for
beast to live uppon ; and the i)coplc will eatc grasso and
shrubs of the grounde, even as our kinc do. They have no
woode growing in theyr countrcy thercaboutes, and yet wee
finde they have some timber among tlieni, whichc we thinke
doth grow farrc ofl' to the soutln\ardcs of this place, about
Canada, or some other part of Ncwe Foundc Land : for
there belike, the trees standing on the clifics of the sea side,
by the waight of ise and snowe in winter overcharging them
with waight when the sommcrs thawe commcth above, and
also the sea underfretting them beneath, whiche winneth
daylye of the lande, they are undermined and fall down
from those clifFes into the sea, and with the tydcs and cur-
rants are driven to and fro upon the coasts further off, and
by conjecture are taken uppe here by these countrie people
to serve them, to plancke and strengthen their boats witliall,
and to make dartcs, bowcs, and arrc. es, and suche other
things neccssaric for their use. And of this kind of drift
wood we finde all the seas over great store, which being
cutte or sawed asunder, by reason of long driving in the
sea, is eaten of wormes, and full of hoalcs, of whych sorte
theirs is founde to be.

We have not yet foundc anye venomous serpent or other
hurtefull thing in these partes, but there is a kinde of small
fly or gnat that stingeth and offendcth sorelyc, leaving
manye red spots in the face, and other places where she
stingeth. They have snowe and hayle in the beste time of
their sommcr, and the ground froscn three fadome deepe.

These people are great inchauntcvs, and use many charms

OF CAVTAIN FROHISIIEU.

287

marked

blacke
T\c in a
ir faces,
ic, they
rccUlcth
nost for
lssc atid
have no
yet wee
c thinkc
;c, about
md : for
sea side,
mg tlicm
10 ve, and

winnctli
ill down
and cur-
■ off, and

c people
witliall,

he other
of drift
bein
the
ch sorte

11 Deing

IS III

or other

of small

leaving

here she

b time of

jlecpe.
charms

of witchcraft : for when their heads do ake, they tyc a great
stone with a string unto a stickc, and with certaync prayers
and wordes done to the sticko, they lift up the stone from the
ground, which sometimes wyth all a mans force they cannot
stir, and sometime againe they lift as easily as a feather,
and hope thereby with certayne ceremonious words to have
ease and hclpe. And they made us by signes to understand,
lying groveling with their faces uppon the ground and
making a noise downwarde, that they worshippe the devill
under them.

They have great store of deere, beares, hares, foxes, and
innumerable numbers of sundry sortcs of wilde foule, as
sc.amewes, guiles, wilmotes, duckcs, &c., whereof our men
killed in one day fiftcene hundred.

They have also store of hawkes, as falcons, tassels, &c.,
whereof two alighted upon one of our shippes at theyr re-
turne, and were brought into England, which some thinke
wi^' prove very good.

There are also grcate store of ravens, larkes, and partridges,
whereof the countrey people feede.

All the fowles are farre thicker clothed with downc und
feathers, and have thicker skinnes than any in England
have : for, as that country is colder, so Nature bathe pro-
vided a remcdie thereunto.

Our men have eaten of their beares, hares, partriches,
larkes, and of their wilde fowle, and find them reasonal'lc
good mcate, but not so delectable as ours.

Their wilde fowle must be all Heyne, their skinnes are so
thick : and they tast best frycd in pannes.

The countrie seemeth to be much subjccte to earthquakes.

The ayre is very subtile, piercing, and searching, so that
if any corrupted or infected body, especially with the dis-
ease called Moi'htis Gallicus, come there, it will prcsentlye
brcake forth and shewe it selfc, and cannot there by anye
kindc of salve or medicine be cured.

288

THE THIRD VOYAGE

Their longest sommers day is of greate length, without
any darkc night, so that in July all the night long we might
perfitcly and casilie wright and rcadc whatsoever had pleased
us, which lightsome nights were very beneficiall unto us,
being so distressed with abundance of ise as wee were.

The sunne setteth to them in the evening at a quarter of
oi''iiiH"!iiIy, ^'^ houre after tenne of the clocke, and riseth agayne in the
morning at three quarters of an houre after one of the
clocke, so that in sommcr thcyr sunne shineth to them
twcntic houres and a halfe, and in the nighte is absent three
houres and a halfe. And although the sunne be absent
these 3^ houres, yet is it not darke that time, for that the
sunne is never above three or foure degrees under the
edge of the horizon : the cause is, that the tropicke cancer
doth cutte their horizon at very uneaven and oblique angles.
But the moone at any time of the ycare beeing in Cancer,
having north latitude, doth make a full revolution above
their horizon, so that sometimes they sec the moone above
24 houres togither. Some of oure companic, of the more
ignorant sort, thought we might continually have scene the
sunne and the moone had it not bin for two or three high
mountaynes.

The people arc nowe become so warye and so circum-
spect, by reason of their former losses, that by no means we
can apprehend any of them, although we attempted often in
this last voyage. But to saye truth, we could not bestowe
any great time in pursuing them, bycause of oure greate
businesse in lading and other things.

To conclude, I finde all the countrie nothing that may be
to dclite in, either of pleasure or of accompte, only the
shewe of mine, bothe of golde, silver, Steele, yron, and
blacke leadc, with divers prcaty stones, as blcwe saphire
very perfect, and others, whereof we founde great plentic,
maye give encouragement for men to secke thyther. And
there is no doubt, but being well looked unto and thorowly

rommn-
dilics of
Meta 111'
L'ogiiita.

THE TIHRD V„VAOE OF CUr^.x PROBISHEB. 289

discovered, it wyl, m.Ue our countrie both nch and happyo
«.au„te. to .,Z ,e ., ;. JX'! A^r ""^'^

At London ;

Printed by Henry Bynnyman,

Anno Domini lo7^,

Decemhris 10.

«?■<■"■*■

ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE THIRD VOYAGE,
BY EDWARD SELLMAN.

Edward Skllmann wrote this bookc; and he delivered yt
to Michael Lok, the 2 of October 1578, in London : —

The 2 of May 1578, we departed from Bristoll with the
Ayde and the Gabriell, Christopher Hall, and Robert
Davis Ms.

The 6 said we arrived at Plymouth, where we stayed to
take in our myncrs.

The 19 said we departed from Plymouth, with the Ayde,
the Fraunces, and the Moone of Foy, the Achnirrcll, and the
bark Denis, and arrived at the Downes the 24''' said and the
said at midnight we departed thence and arrived at Har-
wiche the 22 said to stay for the reste of the flcete, where
we found the Thomas of Harwich.

The 27 said, there arrived at Harwich, the Thomas AUn,
the An Fraunccs, the Hopewell, the Beare Lester, the
Judith, the Gabriell, and the Michael, the Salomon of Wey-
mouth came to us to Harwich, and the Emanuel
of

The 31 said the Aide with all the above named ships de-
parted from Harwiche with the winde at N.E. making our
passage towards the west coast and arrived at Plymouth the
3 of June.

The 3 of June, 1578, at night we departed from Plymouth,
with the winde west hand at east, and to the westwards of
the Cape 7 leags we had sight of a bark of Bristoll with
whome after we had spoken, they declared that they came
out of Spayne and were robbed by 2 French men-of-war,

THIUD VOYAGE, IIY KDWARP SELLMAN.

291

AGE,

cred yt

ith the
Robert

;ay'

;d to

le Ayde,
, and the
1 and the
at Har-
c, where

las Alin,
\stcr, the
of Wey-
Emanuel

I ships dc-
Iking our
liouth the

hy mouth,
twards of
Btoll with
Ihey came
In-of-war,

and five of their companye slayne, their hiding was oyle and
sack, they spoiled them of all their victuall allso and left
them nothing to eate of but oyle bcrycs : The Gencrall
gave them 3 sackes of biskct, and j barrell of butter, peas
and chese to releve them withall, by which bark 1 wrote a
letter, and sent it to Mr. Kitchen to be conveyed to my
master, Mr. Michael Lock, advertising him of all the fleets
arrivale uppon the coast of Zealand.

The 7 said we sailed N.W. and by W. the windc at S.E.
a fyne bearing gale, with the winde sometimes at N.E.
sometimes at E. sometimes at S.W. still k(>ping our course
(for the most part) N.W. and by W. and N.W. untill the
19 said at none, at which time we went in 60 degrees of
latitude, and to the eastwards of Friscland, 30 leags, by the
rcckening of some 40, and 50 by others, and bearing N.W.
and by W. and W.N.W. of us at the going clown of the
sunne, but at that time we had not made th j land perfect, and
so sayling untill mydnight, we came nerer unto yt and made
yt perfectly. At which tyme we shot of a pece of ordo-
nance to geve the flete warning thereof: I judge the voyage
is better to be attempted, followed and used by the west
parts, then by the north parts, as well for the avoyding of
much cold within the north passage we had, ar, allso redyer
windes to follow our said viadge, as by the falling out of
this passage doth appere.

The 20 of June, lo78,earely in the morning, the Generall
caused a small pynnas to be hoysed out of the Ayde, and
with her he passed a boord the Gahricll, and did beare in
with the land sayling alongst yt, untill he found a sound to
enter in uppon the south side of the land, which sound after
he was cntred, called yt Luke's Sound, by reason of one
Luke Ward that went with him a land ; in which sound
tliey found people and tents, but the people fl.pd from them,
and they entred their tents, finding thereby by all things
therein that they arc a people like the people oi Aleta In-

r -2.

ANOTHKK ACCOUNT OF I Ml',

co'^nita with like boalcs of .ill sortcs, hnt the Gcncrall doth
tiikc them to be a more delicat people in lodging and feeding
then the other : They found of their seals whieh they had
taken sundry, and other victuaill which they could not tell
what flcbh or fish y t was : At their said tcntc they found allso
40 yong whelps, whereof 2 they brought away with them, they
are allso like the dogs of the place afore named : Some of
our men that were witli the Generall aland did see in their
tente nayles like scupper nayles, and a tryvet of yron, but
the Generall toke order with the company, that none shold
bring any of their things away: The Generall hath named
this iland. West England, and a certayn hedland up[)on the
south side, he hath called yt Furbushers foreland, with
other names he hath geven to particular places which I
know not.

The said at night we departed thens with the winde N.E.
and sayled W.N.W. towards the Streits untill 9 or 10 a
clock the 21 said.

The 21 said the winde N.W. we sayled N.E. and by E.
towards the said West England to make better discovery of
yt, bycause yt served not iis to precede of our pretended
viagc, and so sayling till 3 a clock, yt fell caulme, being 10
leags from yt: About 6 a clock the winde at N.N.E. we
sayled N.W. and by W. towards the straits.

The 22 the winde at E.S.E. we sayled N.W. and by W.
untill none, and then we met with great store of yse, of
broken ilands in great peeces, which we iudge to be the
ilands dissolved, that were there scene the last yere and
driven upon the N.W. coast, by reason of the easterly windes
which we had comming hitherwards, and for that we coveted
to discover more of the north west coast by reason of clere
weather which we had, we were the rather put amongst
them, and thereby to clere ourselves of them againe, to sayle
south, S. and by W. and S.W. for the space of 3 or 4 howres
with a great gale of winde : And we feared the coast to lye

IlllUD VOYAGK, IJV r.DWAIll) SKlJ-MAiN.

293

all (loth
. feeding:?
they had

not tell
und alUo
icm,lhcy
Some of
e in their
yron, but
one shold
th named
ippon the
and, with

which I

indc N.E.
9 or 10 a

and by K.

iscovcry of
pretended
, hcin^^ Ifi
N.E. wc

[ind by W.
of ysc, of
to be the

t yere and
prly windes

|we coveted
Dn of clere
Jit amongst
he, to sayle
|)r 4 howres
:'oast to lye

out more westerly then we could make yt by reason of fof,'gy
weather and thereby might have bin driven uppon a lee
coast, but ofter we found ourselves clere of the yse wc saylcd
agayne N.W. and by W. with the winde at S.E. untill the
25 said, and then the winde came \V. and we mailed N.N.W.
untill the 27 said, at which time we came amongst as well
great ilands of yse, as allso great quantity of broken yse of
botii sides of us being shotte within chunnells' of them,
whereby yt was iudged that we were open of the straits, and
we made sundry foggy land to be the Queens foreland, and
thereuppon did beare the bolder in amongst them, at which
tyme wc found our selves in the latitude of 62^ and some
02}^. And the 28 said they observed the latitude by the
sunne and found them in G2!^ of latitude and afterwards had
sight of 2 ilands to the northwards of Warwicks foreland,
and after had sight of the same foreland, we being to north-
wards of yt 14 or 16 Icags. And the said day we lay to the
ofwards south-east and south-south-east : And the 29 said
south-west, tlie winde at W.N.AN . untill the 30 said, and
then we sayled south and by E. and S.S.E. untill v/e came in
the latitude of GIJ^ the first of July, at \v-hich tyme we had
the winde at S.S.E. and then wc sailed in W. And the 2
said wc had sight of the Queens foreland and sometimes did
beare in N.W. and by W. and N.W. finding stragling over
all the straicts and after we did beare in further uppon the
south side we found great quantity of yse driving together,
yet we had sundry channels to pas betwene them, and after
that wc sent the pynnas from the ship to discover the best
way our passage amongst them, and so wc followed with
divers other of the ^leete after tiie pyntuis, untill she could
not pas any furdcr, fynding the yse all closed abowt us, and
afterward sent our boate and pynnasscs of divers of the fletc
to brcake a small neck of yse for passage farder places that
we did see clere : and at tliat tyme the winde began to blow
vcre boystrous at the S.S.E. and caused the sea to heave aud

294

ANOTHKH ACCOUNT OF TUB

set very ciuell ; at that instant \vc were divers of llie ficto
in a f^reat clianiicU indifferent free of ysc, in which ehannell
we determined to spend the night with bearing small sayles,
being environed with yse : The bark Denis at that tyme
plying up and down, did strike uppon a great yse and there
perished, so that the boates which were sent to breake the
yse for passage, returned to her to save her men and pre-
sently after the ship did sink down right ; divers of the
flete, notwithstanding with small sayles did ply up and down
in the same ehannell, and others as they could fynde all that
night, but we in the Aydc, and the Thomas Alia did forsake
yt, bearing no sayle, but lay adrift amongst the yse all the
night, being terribly tormented therewith untill 11 of the
clock, the 3 of July, occupying our men with oares, pikes
and other powlcs to break the force of the yse from beating
of the ship as much as we might, notwithstanding we had
terrible blowes therewith, and were preserved by the mighty
power of God from perrishing, contrary to our expectations.
The winde afterwards comming to the S.W. and having the
with us, we did drive out, soraetyme setting sayle
and sometimes a hull south east: And being allmost out
of the danger of the yse, we did discrye the most of the flete,
which rejoyced us very much : And the said 3 day about
night, some of us talking with others did understand we
were all in safFety, except onely the Michael of whome as
yet we cannot understand where she ys, we did armc the
bowe of the ship with sundry planks of 3 inches thick and
with capstayne barrs and junks, for that the yse stroke
terribly against that place of her in so much that some of
the planks did perrish with the blowes : The rest of the flete
except one or twc more did not pas the like mysery, by
reason they did kepe the ehannell betwene the yse with
small sayles, which we could not do, for that our ship was
long, and could not work with her as others did : And be-
sides that yf we had kept that ehannell with sayle, where

THIRD VOYAGE, BY EDWAIU) BELLMAN.

ildb

lie fletc

Imnnell

I saylcs,

at tynie

1(1 there

:ake the

ind pre-

s of the

lid down

c all that

1 forsake

50 all the

1 of the

res, pikes

1 beating

cr we had

le mighty

icctations.

aving the

ting saylc

Imost out

the flete,

ay about

■stand we

Iwhome as
armc the

Ithick and
sc stroke
some of
f the fletc
ysery, by
yse with
ship was
And be-
le, where

the rest did, we had burdcd one an other and thereby
perished, as we had like to have don by the ship of Wey-
nioutii (owner Hugh Randall) in boording of us that night
by drift and forcing uppon us by yse, the boystrous winde
that then did blow did cause us to unrig and take down both
our topmasts for the ease of the ship, the which topmasts we
did hang over boord allso to save the ship from the yse.

The 4 said being in the morning clere withowt the streicts
and the winde at west, we did sayle S.S.VV. bearing alongst
the coast of America, fynding yse driving from the coast as
though yt were long hedges into the sea to the eastwards,
we sayled as aforesaid untill 4 a clockc at afternonc, and then
we layde yt a hull, untill 6 aclock the 5 said, and then we
sailed southwest alongst America coast, the winde at W.
northwest untill the 5 said at night about 6 aclock at which
tyme we had sight of the coast, and very huge ilands of yse,
higher than ever we did see any, at which time we did cast
about and did lye north of the land, the winde as before
untill the 6 said at night, at which time we were within the
streicts and did perfectly make the Queens forelande ; to the
southwards of the Queens foreland, we had sight of a head
of a land, being from yt about 20 leags, which untill we had
taken the latitude of yt we made yt to be the Queens foreland
all but the Master Robert Davis oncly, but he would not
agree to yt, nor so allow yt, alledging sundry reasons
to prove the contrary by his marks when he saw yt
a few dayes before. The 6 said being as aforesaid shot
within the Queens forelande on the south side, the winde
( ime up to the S.S.E. and did blow a great gale, and the
weather waxed thick and foggy, and therefore all the night
we layde yt a hull. And uppon the 7 said following we had
sight of the north shore as we toke yt : And the 8 and 9 we
did beare wyth yt and alongst yt lying north and by west,
but did not make yt perfectly ; some imagining rather that
yt was the S. side of the Queens foreland (as afterwards yt

•w^

296

ANOTHKK ACCOUNT OF TIIK

proved in dcdo), and Master Hall of the same opinion, but
yf yt fall out so, they were decey ved with the settMig of the
tides. The Gcnerall and our master could not be dissuaded,
but doth still make yt to be the north shore, thr Gcnerall
assuring himself thereof to this present (the 10 said) that yt
is so, and Jame Bcare allso, but being foggy and darkened
with mystcs, they cannot yet make yt perfectly, I pray
God send yt clere, that we may make yt perfectly : Alongst
the said shore in sight and out of sight by reason of fogs, we
did runne in by the judgement of the master 35 leags

bearing sayle and hulling, and there did remaine hulling
being dark and foggy untill the 16 said, at which tyme we
had yt somewhat clere, and thcreuppon did bcare towards
the shore to make yt, at which tyme we did fall with the
opening of a sound which we made the Counte's Sound and
did beare in with yt, all men that had scene it the yere
before (except two, called Stobern and Bert) allowed yt to
be the same, which afterwards proved the contrary : The 17
said we toke the altitude of the sunne and found us but in the
latitude of 62 and 10 minuts, and thereuppon found the error
which wc were in, then knowing that we were uppon the S.side
of the S. shore called the Queens foreland, and with the winde
at W. we did beare out agayne, and the 18 said being shot
out so far as to the masters judgement that we had sight of
the Queens foreland being E. from us and then running
alongst till we brought yt thwart of us the weather being
foggy, notwithstanding wc did alter our course more
northerly and brought us to be impatched with great quan-
tity of yse and dark weather, being allso shot very nere the
6hore,'still thinking that we had byn at the Queens foreland,
and altering our course more northerly, did bring ourselves
hard aboord the shore, at which tyme yt pleased God to geve
us sight of yt, and thereby found yt did not lye as the
Queens foreland did, fynding us deceyved and not so far
shot as the said foreland, but being imbayed uppon a lee

THIRD VOYAOR, BY KDVVARD SKI.I.MAN.

21)7

on, but
; of the
suadcd,
jcnerall
) that yt
arkencd
I pray
Alongst
fogs, we
35 Icags
! hulling
tyme we
; towards
with the
ound and
the yeie
iwcd yt to
i: Then
)ut in the
the error
he S. side
the winde
)cing shot
id sight of
n running
her being
Irse more
reat quan-
nere the
s foreland,
ourselves
tod to geve
lye as the
not so far
ppon a lee

coast and in sight of divers ilands and rocks, not knowing

how to escape with life, and in the depe of 50 faddoms of

water, so that we could not well anker, but yet sometimes in

niynde to anker yf we could have got a poynt of an iland

which we made unto, and then fearing allso we shold have

had byn put from our anker, or greatly impatched with yse

which we were allso amongst and then caulmc, and could

not get of from the rocks or ilands which we did sec, did

strike all our sayles to anker, but before we were all ready

to cast anker, the Eternall God (who dclivereth all men

being in pcrills) did send us a gale of winde to beare of

from the said ilands, but afterward we wished that we had

ankercd there, for that when we were of a small way from

yt we sounded and found us in but 7 faddoms of water and

hard rocks, we lying under sayle towards the west which

was our best way, for sure we were we could not dubble the

land to the eastwards, the winde being at S.S.E. and the

land lying E.S.E. and W.N.W. we after yt pleased God to

send us 10 faddoms and then 17, and then 25, and so into 30

and 40, and allso did sonde us the winde at W.S.W. so that

we did lye S.S.W. of into the sea untill we came into l!20

faddoms with our sayling and towing out with our boates,

still having the eb with us untill night and then being caulme

and little winde, we did strike our sayles and did lye a

hulling, so that the find did port us in towards the shore

againe untill we came into 80 faddoms, and then we were

forced to make a brude of cabells, and did anker untill

the eb did come being the 19 day of July in the morning, at

which tyme we did set sayle with a small gale of winde, the

winde at S. and by E. and did sayle S.W. and by W. the

weather still foggy. The 20 said the weather began to clere,

the winde westerly, at which tyme we had sight of the ships

that were before in our company, and towards the afternone

we came to speake^ with some of them, and they declared

that some of our company were in 2 faddoms of water uppon

•iwf

298

ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE

•

the lee shore, being in great danger amongst the rocks and
broken grounds, and delivered by Gods all mighty power
thus twise from perisshing, towards night yt waxed somwhat
foggy agayn, and a little before night we having sight of a
point of land, bearing E.S.E. of us making yt the Queens
foreland, wc did beare with i ach sort as we thought to

go clere of yt, and the land ^^ .ng out farder then we had
sight of yt, we being not so far shot out of the streict that
we were in by 20 leags which 20 leags we were in furder
then we made account of, being entred within yt at the least
60 leags, fell agayn in danger of that land in the night, but
kept us of from yt, by our sounding lead : And in the
morning the 21 said yt waxed clerer, and then we made the
land of the Queens foreland perfect and towards night
opening a great bay at the wester end of the souther parte of
that land, which we imagined to go through into the Streicts
of Frobusher, which to make *-iall thereof, the Gabriall was
sent to discover, and we bea about with the easier end

of yt the 22 towards nigix^, td sight of the Gahriell
comming into the streicts through that sound passage at the
Cape of Good Hope, so that it is proved that the land of the
Queens foreland to be an iland ; the Gahriell having order
to passe to the Countesses Sound, did beare in towards yt,
and we followed untill we could not passe any farder for yse
lying so thick, and the Gahriell being within the yse, did
still beare up into the streicts, and we forced to retire out-
wards agayn, being very much impatched therewith all the
whole night.

The 23 said we had sight of the Anfraunces, whose com-
pany we lost as before said, and when we came to the
si)ceche of the captayne and master, they declared they had
layn of and on open of the streicts 12 dayes and could not
entre for fogs and yse, and was in danger before that uppon
the lee shore of the S. side after she de^^tirted from us.

The 24 said the Generall being mynded to beare into the

iC8 and

power
jmwhat
;ht of a
Queens
light to
wc had
iict that
1 furder
the least
ght, but
I in the
nadc the
Is night
r parte of
; Streicts
hriell was
ister end

Gabricll
ice at the
md of the
\\\<r order
Ivards yt,

n- for yse
yse, did

Itire out-
|h all the

lose com-
le to the
Ithey had
tould not
[at uppon
I us.
into the

TIIIKD VOYAOK, BY F.DWARI) SKM.MAN.

299

streicts, bycauso tlie Gabricll passed up in our sight, sup-
posing allso the Tho. Alin, the Frauncea ofFotj, the Emamtell
of ]Jriclgewatcr, tlic Judith, and the H/ichacl, to be above in
the sound ; nutwitlistanding the great quantity of yse, avc
were impatchcd withall the 23 said, and the winde at S.W.
a good and reasonable gale, did mynde to bcare up into the
streicts agayn this present, alledging that the said wynde
had brouglit out all the yse, whereof great quantity we did
see blown uppon tiie lee coast : but yt pleased God to send
us a niessingcr out of the streicts called the Fraunccs of Fuy,
who did kcpe company with the Tho. Alin, and the Emanuel
of Britlgcwater, and did enter into the streicts the 19 said
and the 20 said, being shut up as far as Jackmans Sound,
did put over with the Countcs Sound among very much yse
and were cnvironned therewith, frosen and shut up therein,
being marveylously tormented therewith, not oncly with
yse comming down, but allso with yse carried up with the
winde and tyde. This Ffraunces of Foy (I say) was a
blessed niessingcr of God, sent to us to warn us of the
daungcrs that she and the others passed, who still did leaye
the Thn. Alin, the Bussc or Emanuel of IJridgcwater, and
the Gabricll, last come unto them in great danger, being
carried towards the coast lee in the frosen and thick yse as
the winde did carry them. God deliver them for his mercyes
sake and for his blessed sonne Jesus Christcs sake. The
Master Tho. Noris of the said ship the Ffraunces of Foy,
before Master Hall, and he with others entred the strcict
was in a sound uppon the N. side of the Queens Foreland,
where they were they found very good owr by our judge-
ments to the sight, and therefore the Generall is gone this
morning a land to soke the same, purposing to go into the said
sound with all our 9 ships now in company untill tyme may
serve us to go farder and other our ports of lading. The 25
at night we did beare into the streicts and then had sight of the
Emanuel of Bridgewater. And, comming to the spcche of

■

300

ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE

them, the master of her affirmed that the yse did ly very thick
over all the streicts, so that we could not attayn to the Countess
Sound as yet ; the Generall, notwithstanding, wold geve no
credit thereunto, but did beare in with the streicts to make
triall thereof the 26 in the morning, and finding great store
of yse did retire back or out agayn with the winde at north
and much yse following us. At that tyme (the 25 said)
these ships did entre in with us, the Emanuel, the Armoncll,
the Ilopcioell, and the Beare, anc 5 others of the flete did
put to sea, having the winde then at the S. E. and east,
which was a scant winde for them to dubble out the fore-
land, being ncrc the laud.

The 26, at night, we came back to the sea againe and
brought the foreland of us south-west.

The 27, towards night, the winde at west, we did beare
in tcrwards the foreland, an did lye of and on all the night.

The 28, in the morning, we did beare agayn into the
straight, the winde westerly, bearing inwards still untill we
were repulsed and forced to put out agayn by reason of
much yse driving out, but the IIoj), til finding some clercr
slade then we could do, did still beare in. God send her
good hap. And then we did seke to recover the wether
shore which was the foreland, the winde at AV.N.W., blow-
ing somewhat boystrous.

The 29, in the morning, we did beare into the strcict
agayn with winde at \V., a small leading gale, and sometimes
at W.S.W., we lyiiig up N.W., passing up amongst great
quantity of yse, sometime thick, and sometime thinner, and
so did still procede, bearing inwards untill the 30 said at
none, kcping about the middle of the strcict. And in the
morning the 30 said we were thwart of Yorks Sound, which
I affirmed to the Generall to be so : but he dcnyed yt,
saying that we were not shot up as high as Jackmaus Sound
by 16 leags, at which instant the Generall went up to the
top ond descried Gabriels Hand, making yt to be Penbroke

THIRD VOYAGE, BY EDWARD SELLMAN.

301

i^ery thick

Countess

I geve no

s to make

;reat store

e at north

I 25 said)

Armo7icll,

fletc did

and east,

the forc-

gaine and

did beare

the night.

1 into the

untill we

reason of

me clercr

send her
le wether

V^, blow-

|he strcict
iometinics
igst great
iner, and
lO said at
iid in the
id, which
|nyed yt,
ns Sound
ip to the
'enbrokc

Hand, going into the Countess Sound ; and so directing his
course with yt, Christopher Jackson, the trumpctter, being
in the top, did make yt playnly Gabriels Hand, and allso
made the Countess Sound, to the which the Gencrall yelded,
and then presently did allter his course, and embarked him
self in a pynnas with sayles and oarcs, bycause yt did blow
but little wynde for the ship, and gave us tokens to follow
him, and so signifyed to us thereby that yt was the right
place or sound as before is said. Into the which he cntred
with his pynnas, and being entrcd therein fownd there the
Judith and the Michael, and cause them to shote of ccrtayn
paces of ordonance, to geve knowledge there were certayn
of our flete which comforted us very muche ; but we
imagined those shipc to be the Tho. Alin and the Gabriel;
for we did think verily the Judith and the Michael could
not have escaped the dangers that they were in, being not
of our company a month or more.

The 30 of July, at night, wc entred into the mowth of
the Cowntesse Sound, and there came to us sent from the
generall, Charles Jackman, to bring in the Ayde, and for
that yt fell caulme we came to an anker in the entring
thereof, being ebbing water abowt 9 of the clock at night,
the master, his mate, and Uharles Jackman going then to
supper, gave charge to the company to lookc well owt for
yse, driving towards the ship, willing them to prevent yt in
tyme ; and before the master had half supped, one of the
company came to the master to know whether they shold
watche half watche or quarter watche. The master gave
order to watche halfe watche, charging them to loke Avell
owt for yse; but the watche neglecting their dutycs, there
came driving thwart the halsc of the ship a great pece of
yse, and the weather being caulme did ly uppon the cabcll
I of an howre before we could be clere of yt fretting the
cable in suche sort, that yf yt had put us from our anker wo
had byn in danger of rocks lying not far from us. God be

soz

ANOTIIKH ACCOUNT OF THK

honored, there chaunced no hurt of yt. Notwithstniidinp;,
I thought yt good and my duty to say something unto the
watche of their negligence therein, bycauso the charge of
the vyagc did depend upon the savegard of the Aijde being
the Admirall, whereuppon I rebuked one Holmes, a quarter
master, and Hill, bote swayn mate, charging them they
shold aunswere their negligent loking to so greet a charge,
but they with one other called did will me to med-

dle with that I had to do, demaunding whether I had

commissioned to spcake or deale therein, and this did Hill,
and willed me to get me to my cabbcn, and wold not

be checked it my hands. I aunswered them, whither I had
commyssion or not, I wold tell them their duties, and go to
my cabben when I did sec cause, and thus with multiplying
of words they abused me very much, which I was fayn to
put up at their hands. The master can beare no rule
amongst them, bycausc he is not cowntcnanced by the
General, and therefore all things hath fallen owt the worse
with us, and that hath caused me to speake more earnestly
in this cause ; for weyther the boat swayn, nor any oflicer
yet hitherto hath byn obedient to the master, and the dis-
obedience of the officers, doth cause the company allso to
disobey and ncglegt their duties. We had not byn above 2
howres at an anker, but that there came very muche ysc
driving inwards t-'.drds us: at which time, I being still
abrode, and the masters mate allso, I said to him, yt were
good to way our anker to prevent the danger of the yse ;
and presently he called vp Charles Jack man, .ind they
caused the company to way the anker with the winde
Ciisterly, a smale gale j and after they had purchased home
their said anker, there came yse uppon us, but they setting
sayle before the anker was catted, the yse stroke the Hole of
the anker through the bow of the ship, that the water came
in ferccly, in so muche that we had water in hold t fote
above the sealing within an howrc or Ics. And our pumps

THIRD VOYAGE, BY EDWARD SKLLMAN.

303

listen (linjif,
g unto the
charge of
iyde bcinf^
, a quarter
them tliey
t a charge,
ne to mccl-
;ther I had
s did Hill,
d wohl not
itlicr I had
, and go to
nuhiplying
vas fayn to
re no rule
ed by the
; the worse
e earnestly
any oflicer
d the dis-
|iy allso to
n above 2
nuche yse
being still
|n, yt were
the yse ;
md they
le winde
ised home
setting
iic Hok of
later came
lid t fotc
\v pumps

being unready, could not free the ship of yt, but kept yt
still at a stay, the leak being stopped as well as they could
with beffe and other provisions. And thus we remayncd
pumping and freeing of the ship with buckets from 12
a clock at night, being the 30 of July, until 9 a clock in the
morning, the 31 said, at which tyme we were come into
harbour. And then provision was made to beare the ship
over of the one side, and the hole mended with lead untill
we may come better to yt.

There came into the Cowntesse Sound in company with
us and in our sight, the Ilopcivell, the Ffranccs of Foy, thc-
Armotiell, the Emanuell, the Salomon of Weymouth, and
the Bear. The Judith and the Michael came into this sownd
the 21 of July, and for the space of 3 wekes before they con-
tinually were tormented up and down within the strcicts
amongst the yse, and could not by any mcanes get this place
nor clere themselves of the yse : the Judith being bilged
with yse in the bowes, having 2 great holes made in her,
every howre loking when they shold perish therewith, but
God delivered them, geving them fayre weather to work for
their savegard.

The fyrst of August the Generall did order to make tents
uppon the iland of the myne for the myners to succour them
in their working there, and then began their work.

The second said, the Generall with 2 pynnasses, passed
to 13eares Sownd, to bring proofl's of the owr there, and to
vew what quantity there was to be had, and returned
agayn at night, being distant from the Cowntesse Sound
9 leags.

The said, at night, the Gabriel came into the Cowntess
Sound and Master Hall in her to vew whither the streicts
Avcre clere of yse, and left the Tho. Alin in a sownd nerc
Oxford mount untill his return thither agayn.

The fyrst of August the Fraunces of Foy toko in 2 pyn-
nasses, ladings of owre, and the 2 day as much.

304

ANOTHEn ACCOUNT OF THE

The said the Generall, with 4 pynnasses and boates with
a men, soldiers, and marriners, and Donham with

him, went to Jonas Mownt, to seke for owr, and brought
sundry saUiples, whereof as yet no assay is made, but of the
riche owr that Jonas fownd the hist yere, we could not light
of any suche.

The 8 of August the Thomas Alin and the Gabriel ar-
rived here towards night, by whome we could not here of
the Thomas of Ipsioiche, the Anfraunces, and the Mane. I
pray God send us good newes of them.

The 9 said, the Generall with the Gabriell and the
Michael, with mariners, myners, and soldiers, departed to-
wards Beares Sound to get owr, for that the myne in the
Countess Hand fayled.

The said, the most part of the myners and soldiers were
removed to a place called Fentons Fortune, being at the
entrance of Countesse Sound to the eastwards. And yt was
reportc d that there were a 1000 tunnes to be had there ; but
Master Denham, at his returne from thence, this present at
night, sayeth he can not see how 40 tunnes will there be
had, and that with great travayle to bring yt to the sea side.

The 11 sayd, the muster, Kobcrt Davis, Thomas Morice,
master of the Fraunces of Foy, and I in company with
them, travyled with a pynnas to the northwards of the
Cowntesse Sound, about 4 myles alongst the coast, and there
fownd a myne of black owr, and allso an other of red and
of sundry sortes of both, of which sorts we brought cnsani-
ples, whereof Denham made proof; and the 13 said Captcn
Fenton and Denham passed thy thcr, liking the place very well,
and aswell our mariners as the mariners of the said Fraunces
were there set to work, and by the 15 said we had gotten
aboord the Aydc of the black sort and some of the red
abowt 15 tunnes.

The 15 said, towards the evening, the Gabriell and the
Michael came to the Countesse Sound, both laden with owrc

THIRD VOYAGE, BY EDWARD SKLI.MAN.

S05

,tes with
am with
brought
at of the
not light

ibi'iel ar-
t here of
Mone. I

and the
carted to-
ne ill the

Lliers were
ing at the
uid yt was
there ; but
present at
1 there be
c sea side.
as Morice,
)any with
Ids of the
and there
f red and
lit ensam-
id Captcn
very well,
Fraunces
ad gotten
If the red

1/ and the
Lvith owre

from Bcares Sound, and the IG said discharged yt into the
Ayde, theire lading was irliudged to be abowt 50 tunnes of
owr.

The said, all such myners and soldiours as were sent from
the Countcsse Sound to Fentons Fortune, were removed to
the myne that we found to the northwards, which was
better liked than yt of Fentons Fortune, where, in the tyme
they were there was but 00 or 70 tunnes of owre, they
being myners and souldiours that wrought their 6 dayes 60
persons.

The 16 said, the Generall and Denham with him, is gon
to a sownd called Dyers Passage, which is uppon the
souther land of the Cowntess Sound, to vow a myne there,
fownd by Andrew Dyer, and to make assayes thereof.

The said, God called to his mercy Philip, who had charge
of cerlayn apparcll brought in by the Generall for the mar-
riners and myners, and allso one of the bark Demjs, men
called Trelos, one allso owt of the Armonell, and an other
owt of the Frminccs of Foy, all bui'yed uppon Winters Fur-
nace this present day.

The 18 sayd, the Gahriell and the Michael departed
hence to Beares Sound to lade owr and to bring yt hither
to the Aydc.

The 19 said, the Solomon of Weymouth departed towards
Bears Sound to take in her lading of owr.

The 20 said, the Bcare departed towards Dyers Passage
to lade there.

The 19 said, the Hopewell departed towards Dyers Passage
to lade there.

The 21 said, the Biisse of Bridgewater departed to Dyers
Passage to take her lading of owr there.

The 21 of August, the Fraunces of Foy was full laden,
part of the owr of the Countesse Hand, and the rest of the
owr of the myne to the northwards of the Countesse Sound,
carrying in all tunnes by estimation 140, whereof 70 from
the Countcsse Hand, and the rest as aforesaid. x

30()

ANOTHKU ACCOUNT OF THE

The 19 said, Capten Fenton ranie to make complaint to
the Gencrall of the boatswayn, and others of the Aydes
mariners, for disobeying him in ccrtayn service to have
byn don for the furderancc and dispatchc of the ships hiding
at two severall tymes, his spechcs tending to due punish-
ment for the same, and after long rccitall of their abuses,
did loke that the Gencrall shold have aydcd. him therein,
and to have commanded due punishments for their deserts.
The Generall not taking order, therefore ]Mastcr Fenton and
he did grow to hoat speches, by whome eche others credit
came by him, and he denying the same, loft their former
matter, and fell to reason uppon the same with many hoat
woords, in somuche that in the end, the Generall affirming
he preferred Master Fenton to be the Queens servant, and
he denying, alledging that the Generall did not well to rob
them that did prefer them both to that service ; and then at
Master Ffeutons departure, he said he had offred him great
disgrace in that he wold not punnish the offenders which he
complayned of, but rather did animate them against him in
neglecting of yt, which he could not take in good part,
being his lieutenant generall, and recommending them to do
nothing but their duties in their Maiesties service.

The 22 said the Gabriel arrived here at the Countess
Sound being ladden with owr from Bears Sound, and dis-
charged, yt a boord the Ai/de, bringing tunnes 25 by esti-
mation.

The said, here at the Countess Sound arrived a pynnas
of the An Fraunces, wherein Captayn Best came, leaving
the A)i Fraunces and the 3Ione of Foy at anker in a sownd
nere the Queens forelande, and they reported that they had
not sene the Thomas of Ipsioich this 14 daycs, with the said
pynnas they came costing up allongst the sowth coast to seke
us, and did seke us in Jackraans Sound and Yorks Sound
and passed up as far as Gabriels Hand and returned hither
this present, bringing them samples of owres, much like that

THIilD VOYAOK, BY EDWARD SELLMAN.

,^07

iplaint to
he Aydes
! to have
ips lading
\c punish-
iir abuses,
[n therein,
311 deserts,
i'cnton and
hers credit
icir former
many hoat
il affirming
srvant, and
well to rob
and then at
1 him great
•s which he
inst him in
good part,
them to do

le.

[c Countess
id, and dis-
25 by csti-

[d a pynnas
10, leaving
I in a sovvnd
^t they had
ith the said
)ast to sel<e
hrks Sound
[ned hither
:h like that

of Winters furnace, and doth purpose that Denham shall
make tryall thereof, and fynding yt good, they will lade of
yt, having great plenty of yt as they report, they have by
report passed great troubles sins they departed from us, by
dangers of yse, and rocks, I pray God send us good newes
of the Thomas of Ipswich.

The 23 said the Generall, Captayn Fenton (his lievtenant),
Gilbert York, and George Beste, gentlemen, assembled them-
selves together, Christopher Hall, and Charles Jaekman,
masters, Avith them, for causes touching their instructions,
and amongst other matters, did call in question the abuses of
the botcswayn and one Eobinson used towards the Generalls
said lievtenant, and after yt had byn argued of amongst the
said Commissioners, the Generall referred the pnnnishment
thereof to them to determyn ; then they called the said
ofienderj before them, who acknowledged their abuses, and
uppon their submission, as allso affirming they did not know
Capteyn Fenton to be the Generalls said lievtenant, they
were pardoned and forgeven.

The 23 said of August, the Michael arrived here laden
with owr from Bears Sound bringing tunnes 25 by estimation
and discharged yt aboord the Ayde.

The 24 said the SoUo'ition of Weymouth arrived here laden
with owr of Bears Sound and with owr taken in her before
her departure hence, all tunnes by estimation 130 tunnes,
whereof Bears Sound tunnes 60, and of the Countesse Hand
Sussex myne 60 tunnes, and Wynters furnace tuns 10.

The Generall departed this present towards Bears Sound
in a pynnas and will return hither agayn before he go up
into the Streicts.

The said Captayn Beste departed with his pynnas to-
ward the Queens foreland to a sownd where the An Fraimces
and the Mone resteth and stayeth his comming. The said
Ffraunccs and Mo7ie by their marriners reports were
almost laden with owr before their comming hither, the

X 2

««p

308

ANOTHKK ACCOUNT OP THE

samples thereof hath byn proved and arc reasonably well
liked of Denham, and therefore I here order is taken that
the 3Ioone shall discharge all her owr into the An Fraunces,
and that the said Mone shall take in all such here as the An
Fraunces hath discharged there a land which was provided
for Captayn Fenton and his company, and as wyndc and
weather shall serve to come hither with the same, and at
Bears Sound she shall have her lading of owr provided.

The said the Thomas Alin departed hens, having taken
in here 100 tunnes of owr had at the north mync called the
Countesse of Sussex Myne, and the rest of her lading she is
to take in at Beares Sound, and to that end she is gon thither
where she is to lade GO tuns more.

The 26 at night the Generall returned from Bears Sound
with the pynnas that he departed from hens. And the 27 in
the morning he passed with the same up into the Streict as
well to discover mynes as allso to take of the people yf he
may conveniently have them.

The 27 said at night the Thomas Alin arrived here from
Bears Sound being fully laden.

The 28 said in the morning the An Fraunces arrived here
from a sownd called being nere the Queens foreland

and laden with owr of that place.

The said at night, the Generall returned with fowle
weather and the winde easterly with rayne and snow and so
continued till the 30 towards night.

The 31 said in the morning we wayed and made saylo from
Countesse of Warwick Sound with the Ayde, the Thomas
Alin, the Bear, the Salomon, the Armoncll, and the two
barks, and for that yt foil caulme, we ankercd all that night
at the mowth of the sownd, being all night caulme and the
Fraunces of Foxj.

The fyrst of September 1578 in the morning the Gahriell
and the Michael did put into Bears Sound to lade there.

The said the Generall with a pynnas departed towards

TIIIUD VOYAGE, BY EDWARD SELI.MAN.

309

Bcarcs Sound to provide 10 or 12 tunnes of lading more for
the Ayde and to send yt owt to us with boats and pynnasses.

The said the Aydc and all the other ships aforesaid wayde,
the winde northerly, bearing alongst towards Bears Sound
with a small gale, and about none ankered thwart of Bears
Sound.

The 28 of August before, God called to his mercy Roger
Littlcstonne the Ccneralls servant, who by the judgement of
the surgian had the horrible disease of the pox.

The lust of July at night, God called to his mercy Anthony
Sparrow, one of the quarter-masters of the Ayde.

The Fraimces of Foy, the Armoncll, the Thomas Alin,
the Beare, the Salomon came all laden owt of the Countess
Sound, the Ayde lacked 10 or 12 tunnes but laden of sundry
mynes as before is said.

The Ati Fraimces, the Ilopeivell, and the Judith arrived
with us thwart of the said Bears Sound the fyrst of September
and kept under sayle by us.

The first of September said we recey ved tunns of owre
into the Ayde, and all the niyners this present at night were
ready to come aboord from thens.

The said at night the winde chopping up to the N.W.
a small gale and the sea growing thereby, forced us to way
and made sayle, bearing of S.W. untill we came into 23
faddoms, and then ankered agayn, staying for the comming
of the Generall, and abowt 2 howres after, our ship did
drive, our anker being broken, which caused us to set saile
agayn and did beare of W. and W. and by S. and afterwards
did lye a hull, staying for the Generall, the winde still
growing of great force at N.N.W. caused us to set our fore-
saile agayn, bearing of sowth towards the foreland the second
day of September and towing our gondelo at starn, she did
split therewith and so we were forced to cut her of from the
ship and lost her and then we did strike our sayle and
spooned before the sea S.E. untill the Queens foreland did

310

ANOTIIKR ACCOUNT OF TIIK

beare of us, the Gencrall is condemned of all men for bring-
ing the fiete in danger to anker there, thwart of Beares
Sound onely for 2 boates of owrc and in daungering him
self allso, whome they iudge will hardly recover to come
aboord of us, but rather forced to go with the barks or the
Emanuel of Bridgewatcr into England ; of the whole flete,
there is now in our company, or to be seen but 6 sailes.

Master Hall went aland after the ship came first to an
anker thwart the said Bears Sound, and did geve him coun-
saill to make hast a boord before night: God send him well
to recover us and all his company.

The Aydc hath lading of owr in her as followeth : — Of
Bears Sound tunucs by estimation 110; of the Countess of
Sussex niyne, tunnes ;20.

The Thomas Aim, owr in her as followeth t — Of the
Countess of Sussex mync, tunnes 100 ; of Beares Sound
owrc, tunnes GO.

The Hopewell, owr in her as followeth : — Of Dyers
Passage or Sound, tunnes 140.

The Fraunces of Foij hath our laden in her as followeth :
— Of the Cowntcss of Warwiks myne, tuns 50 ; of the
Countess of Sussex mync, tunnes 80.

The All Fraunces hath owr in her as followeth : — Of the
Queens foreland, tunnes 130.

The Mone of Foy hath owr in her as followeth :— Of the
Queens foreland, tunnes 100.

The Beare Leyccstr hath owr laden in her — Of Dyers
Passage, tunnes 100.

The Judith hath owr laden in her as followeth : — Of the
Countess of Sussex mync, tunnes 80.

The Gahriell hath owr laden in her as followeth : — Of
Beares Sound, tunnes 20.

The Michael hath owr laden in her as followeth : — Of
Beares Sound, tunnes 20.

The Armoncll hath owr laden iu her as followeth: — Of

THIRD VOYAOK, IIY KDWAUl) SKI r, MAN.

311

Fcntons fortune, tunurs 5 ; of the Countess of Warwicks

mync, tunncs

of Winters furnace, tunnes 5 ; of the

Countcsse of Sussex inyne, tunnes 85.

'J'hc Emanuel oi Bridgewater hath owr laden in her as
foUoweth : — Of the Countess of Sussex myne, tunnes 30 ; of
Dyers Passage, tunnes 20; of Bears Sound, tunnes 00.

The Salomon hath owr Laden in her as foUoweth : —Of the
Countess of AVarwicks myne, tuns 10 ; of the Countess of
Sussex mync, tunnes GO ; of Bcares Sound, tunnes GO.

Forasmuch as the Countcsse of Warwick myne faylcd
being so hard stono to breke and by iudgemcnt yvlded not
above a hwidrcth timnes, we were driven to sekc mynes as
above named and having but a short tyrae to tarry and some
proofs made of the best owr fownd in those mynes abovesaid,
men were willed to get there la<ling of them and every man
so employed him self to have lading, that many symplc men
(I iudge) toko good and bad together : so that amongst the
Hects lading I think much bad owr will be found.

If the owr now laden doth prove good, at the mynes and
places abovesaid is plenty thereof, but gotten with hard
labour and travaylo : uppou the Countcsse of Warwick's
Hand Captcyn Fenton hath hidden and covered in the place
of the mync all the tymber that came hither for the bowse,
and divers other things, to whose note I refer me.

Allso he hath caused to be buylded a little howse uppon
the same iland and covered yt with boords to prove how yt
•will abyde or stand untill the next yere and bath left in yt
sundry things.

The second said of September, the Queens foreland
bearing from us to N.W. and by north, there passed by us
these ships bearing m seawards we lying a hull : the Hope'
loell, the Fraiinces of Fuy, the Beare Leycestr, the ArmoncU,
and the Salotnon, the Armonell at that instant lost her boat
and one man j the Salomon lost her boat before her comming
by us. All Avhich ships the 3 present in the morning was

312

ANOTHKIl ACCOUNT OF THE

owt of our sightc homewards hound lying to seawards S.S.E.
with the windc at N.W. a great gale of wync\.

The second said at night came unto us our pynnas with <S
mariners in her who came from Hears Sound that morning,
and hearing over with the S. coast with 18 mariners in her,
landed uppon certayn ilands to loke to sea*, ards for us, and
after them came the Gcnorall in the CahricU and in their
company the Judith and the Michael, our men at that instant
aland and loking I'or us, did scry 2 ships one under saylc
and the other at hull, whereof we in the Aijde was one and
the Arni07idl the other, she under saylc and we a hull, allso
bctwene us and them was the Mone of Foy, our men wliicli
were landed as beforesaid embarked them selves agayn in
theyr pynnas an did bearc after the Gabriell, the Michael,
and the Judith, and did put aboord the Gabriell and Michael
all the 18 mariners and then being somewhat nearer the
Judith did put a man n"so aboord her : and having order
before of the Generall, the mariners remayning in the pynnas
did beare from the Judith towards the Mo)ie of Ffoy willing
them to remayn with her, but they having a bold pynnas
with sayles afterwards espying us a hull, but not knowing
us to be the Ayde did owt saylc the Mone of Foy and at the
closing up of the evening we made the said pynnas to, be the
Michael and the Moo7ie to be the Gabriel and sometymes
lying spooning before the sea and sometymes thwart re-
mayning their comming up at length we fownd yt the pynnas
as abovesaid : then they bringing us newes that the Generall
was comming in the bark abovesaid and in the company of
the ships allso aforesaid with the An Frawices allso, the said
night we did ly a hull and did hang owt lights for them all
night long to show him and burnt a pike of wylde fyre to
the end they might the better fynde us we hoping to have
had them a boord long before day ; but when day was come,
we loking owt for them could not sec any of them but the
Mone of Foy : then we iudging they had overshot us or did

THIHI) VOYAOE, BY EDWARD SELLMAN.

313

d8 S.S.E.

as with S
morning,
rs in her,
»r U8, and
I in their
lat instant
idcr saylo
i one and
hull, ivllso
rtcn which
af^ayn in
3 Michael,
id Michael
nearer the
ving order
|thc pynnas
f'oij willing
d pynnas
knowing
and at the
s to .be the
iometynies
:hwart rc-
;hc pynnas
e Geneiall
)mpany of
o,the said
them all
2 fyre to
Jor to have
|was come,
but the
us or did

afterwards spone before the sea 3 or 4 howrcs, and the
Thomas Alin I'len being to seawards and wyndwards of us
came bearing toward us and after we had spoken with them,
they allso iudgcd them to be a hed of us and then wc made
our sayle with our corses and foretopsailc, the winde at
N.W. a great gale, and we saylcd S.S.E. and towards night
the winde came at W.S.W. and we sayled allso S.S.E. the
winde somwhat slacked our lesser still keeping company
with the Thomas Alin and the 3fonc of Foy.

The second said allso our mariners of the pynnas declared
that they at their comming over from Bears Sound did sec
the Emanuel of Uridgcwater in great danger to be lost to the
leewards of the sownd and did strike their sayles uppon the
last of the flud to anker as they did iudge amongst the rocks,
and then yt was not likely they shold ride to escape all the
next eb, the winde at N.N.W. and a very great gale: God
be mcrcifuU unto them.

The said allso they declared that the captayn of the An
Fratmccs, George Bcste, was with his pynnas in Beare's
Sound laden with owr and the number of niyncrs and
mariners in her about 30 persons : they rowed with the said
pynnas towards the Michael, but whither they boordcd her,
they cannot tell, and at that instant the Michael had the
27iotnas Alins pynnas at her starn, which the master said he
wold cut of yf she did hinder him his comming owt as yt
was thought she wold do : and afterwards our said men did
sec the Michael withowt any pynnas at her starn, and thereby
do iudge that the An Fi-aunces pynnass and her men rc-
mayned in the said sownd and are in dowt of their getting
their ship.

The 4 said still keping our course homewards S.S.E. the
winde at N.W. a reasonable bearing ^ale : in the morning
our c .lipany did hale up our pynnas which we towed at her
starn to clere the water owt: the sea thrust her up with
great force against the starn of the ship whereby she

314

ANOTIIKU ACCOUNT OF llli:

polished, and so tlicy did cut of tlic tow ropes : she came up
with such force, that yf she had byn strong as she was but
weak, she mought have put the ship allso in dant^cr striking
in some ph\nk ; tlie blow was sucVi that a company were
commaunded to loke whether we had hurt thereby or not,
but God be thanked we had none.

The 5 said, at night in a stormc we lost the company of
the Mo?ie of Foy.

The 6 said. Thomn-: Battcrby God called to his mercy.

The 10 said, being in the latitude of 53J,, about 2 of the
clock after niicnight, our mayn yard did break a sundre in
niydds which to recover in wc did beare romc with our fore-
sailc before the winde, the winde at S.W. and presently did
put owt 2 lights and shot of a pece to geve the Thomas Ali?i
knowledge of our mishap, but yt shold seme they lokcd not
owt for owr light nor pcce, but still carry all their sailes and
in the morning wc could not see her : the sayd yard was
pcryshcd 5 or 6 dayes before striking of yt tarrying for them
at which tyme yt gave a great crak, but we could not finde
where yt was, nor what yt was that crakcd.

The 11 said yt was amended and strengthened, with a
plank and anker stocks and wouldcd with ropes, and then
wc brought a new mayn saile to the yard ; and about 7 of
the clock at night we did set saile with yt with a reasonable
gale of winde and immediately yt being but weakly fisshed
gave a great clak and thcrewilhali wc stroke yt agayn and
so rested with it all that night.

The 12 said yt fell caulmc and then we fished the said
yard and wouldcd yt with ropes in sundry other places and
so strengthened yt very strong so that wc had the use of yt
agayne.

The 14 said at 3 of the clock at afternone, the winde at
sowth S.E. began very fiercely and fo encreasod all that night
growing to a terrible stormc contynuing untill the 15 said
to 8 a clock but altered uppon sundry points iucrciising that

TUIUI) VOYAGE, BY KDWARD SELLMAN.

315

came up
was \)ut
striking
,ny were
J or not,

npany

lercy.
a of the
undre in
our forc-
icntly did
wins Aliii
lokcd not
sailes and
yard was
r for them
not finde

;d with a
and then
|\bout 7 of
tcasonablc
ly fisshed

an(

the said
lh\ccs and
I use of yt

winde at
[hat night
[c 15 said

tHing that

yt was not sayle worthy, whereuppoii we were forced to
sponc before the sea withowt sayle and at the end of the
second watche, the seas was so terribly grown that one sea
came so fast after the other, the one carrying up her head and
an other came with such force that yt brake in all the staru
of the Generalls cabbin and did beare down with yt the
cowbredge head of the said cabben, striking allso one
Fraunces Austin from the helme, who called to the company
for help fearing we shold have perished, but withall spede
yt was amended, God be praysed, and we by his Godly
providence wonderfully delivered.

The IT said God called to his mercy George Yong myncr.

The 19 said being in the latitude of 52 degrees we en-
countred with the IIopciocll being to leewards of us they
declared that the Bcnre and the Salomon were to weather-
wards of us, and that they were separated in the great storme
from the Armonell and the Fraunces of Foij : the Ilopexoell
lost her boat and a cable and an anker at her comming from
the stroict.

The ^1 said we had sight of .'3 sayles being in the latitude
of 51, whereof 2 was to leewards of us and one to weather-
wards, we did suspect them to be men of war by their
working, and therefore we did hale close by the winde to
speak with the wcathermost sliip, and being inowgh in the
weather of the leeward ships did ly Ics in the winde untill
the weathermost ship did come witliin our knowledge, and
then we did fyndc her to be the An Fraunces at the shutting
in of the evening and did lose sight of the other 2 sayles,
but we iudge them to be of our company, the vinde was
then at N.W. and by W. by the An Fraunces we had un-
derstanding the Generall to be in the Gabricll, and was
scperated from their company the 14 said in a storme, they
iudge them tc be a head of us : the Juclilh and the Michael
they left in company together, which they judge to be a starn
and allso the Alone, they spake with her and left her a staru

316

ACCOUNT OF THE THIRD VOYAGE.

allso. And the Basse of Bridgewater they left at an anker
to leewards of Beares Sound amongst the rocks. God send
good newes of her, she was left in great perill.

Owt of the Ati Fraunces we received men of ours this
instant 22 said.

The 23 said we lost the company of the Hopetoell and the
An Fratmccs in a stormc, which began the 22 at 6 a clock at
night and continued till 8 of the clock the 24 in the morning,
the winde at west and west N.W.

The 24 said God called to his mercy Water Krelle and
Thomas Tort.

The said we sownded and had 70 faddcms oosy sand,
whereby we iudged us to the northwards of Silly, and after-
wards sayled sowth east all that night, the winde at north
stormy weather.

The 25 said God called to his mercy Thomas Coningham.

The 27 in the morning we had sight of the Start, 5 Icags
of, God be prayscd therefore and make us thankfull for de-
livering us from innumerable dangers this present vyage.

The said, God called to his mercy Corncyles Riche a
Dutchman.

The 28 of the said God called to his mercy John Wilmet.

FINIS.

an anker
jod send

ours thio

II and the
a clock at
morning,

relle and

osy sand,
and after-
; at north

oningham.
ii-t, 5 Icags
full for dc-
vyage.
llichc a

n Wilmct.

STATE PAPERS SUBSEQUENT TO THE
THIRD VOYAGE.

I. MINUTES TO MR. liOCKE ABOWTE MB. FURBISnERS VIAOE.
II. THE QUEENS AUTIIOKITY TO COLLECT OF THE ADVENTURERS
TIIEIU SUnSCRII'TIONS.
III. PROM MY LORDS TO CERTAYNE GENTLEMEN FOR PAYMENT OF

OERTAYNE SOMMES.
IV, THE EXCLAMATION OF THE MARRINERS FOR THEIR PAYMENT.
V. FROM M'- LOK TOWCUYNOE TUE ADDITAMENTS.
VI. MR. LOKS ACCOUNT.

VII. AN ANSWEARE TO MR. LOCKBS ACCOUNT.
VIII. SECOND MINUTE FOB THE PAYMENT OP TUE WAGES.

rX. THE ANSWER OF ME MICHAEL LOK TO THE AUDITORES OF MT
ACCOUNTS.
X. THE IIUMULB BUTE OF THOMAS RONHAM.
XI. FROM SIR THOMAS GRAHAM TOUCHYNOE THE ORDER FOR THE
PAYMENT OF THE MARINERS.
XII. THE VENTURERS NOT PAVDE.
XIII. THE HUMBLE PETITION OF M'' LOK FOR CHARGES DISBURSED.
XIV. AN ORDER SETT DOWNE BY THE QOEENES MAJ"E TOBCHYNO THE
PAYMENT.
XV. THE OFFER OF .r'f'IIAEL LOK FOR THE NORTHWEST EWR AT
DARTFORD.
XVI. AN OFFER MADE AT MUSCOVY HOUSE BY JONAS SUTE BEFORE
MR. FEELD, MR. LOK AM) MR. ANDREW PALMER.
XVir. ALL THE STOK OF THE VENTURERS IN ALL THE IIJ VOYAGES.
XVIII. THE ABUSES OF CAPTAIN FURBISHEtt AGAYNST THE COMPANYE.

STATE PAPERS SUBSEQTTENT TO TTIE
TIIIllD VOYAGE.

[Colonud, 102. J)om. £1,':., cxxvi, No. 22.]

OCTOBER 29^'", 1578. MINUTI'.S TO MK. LOCKE AliOWTE
MR. FURBISIIEK VIAGE. '

After our very harty commendations. Whereas the shyps imploied in
the viage of Jleta Tnco<inita are nowe retorned all home in saft'ctie
w"' Mr. Ffurbusher, and forasnmchc as we are informed y' in this
voyage dyver."? new phices and uiyncs have hyn d}scovrcd. Wo have
thought yt uecessarye to roquire you to have a care in these matters,
and to call before you the gcnerall, and the captayncs, masters and
I'ilotfS of the shyps, and to demand of them account in wryting severallie
of their doinges and procedinges in this voyage, w"' discourse of the
tliinges happened in the same, And also to demand and take of them
such platts and cartes of descriptions of the countries and places as they
have made, and to forhyd them and others to publish or gyve out to
others any platts or descriptions of the same countries.

And also we rci(uyre you to have dew oonsyderation of the state of
the shyps and goodes now retorned home, and to sett sucho order thcriu
as best may be for the saflctye of tiie goodes, and the commoditie and
credite of the companie of venturers, and avoydans of unnccessaric
^.■cpenses. And furdormorc, wee doo crnestly pray and reijuyrc you
throughlye to con.syder of the state of the workes at Dartford, that withe
all expedition sum good proolFe and triall may bo had of the trew valew
of the ewr brought home, aswell in this voyage as in the other before;
and that we may be certified tlierof from you, for that her Ma''"*' bathe
very great expectation of tlie same.

The Commyssioners.

Indorsed.

[Colonial, 100. Dom. Eliz., cxxvi, No. 20.]

THE QUEENS AUTIIORrTY TO MICHAEL LOK TO COLLECT OF TITE
ADVENTUUERS THEIR SUBSCRirTIONS.

After our harty commendacions. Fforasmoche as the shipps now come
liome w^'' oure lovinge frende Martyn Furbusher have brought doble
the "juantitie of cwar that was expected, wherby the charges of the

r, •

320

STATK PAPEUS SUBSEQUENT

ffraight therof, and of the raaryncrs and mynars employed in the voyage
are doble the rate sett downo at the begynnyng tlierof, as it is certiffyed
to us by the Coramyssioners therunto appoynted for the payment
whcrof and discharge of the said men, it is requysyt to collect of the
venturars presently the sum of vj'" pounds of money. And forasmocho
as it is greatly nccdfull to use all dylygcns for the present spedye collec-
tion of the said sum of money, aswell for the avoyding of excessyve
great charges w^h grow theruppon daylyo untill the said men be paid
and ships discharged, as also for the performans of dewtye and raayn-
taynans of credito of the companye. This is therfore to wyll and re-
quire you (being thresorcr appointed) presentlyc, wiii all the dyllygcns
that you can, to collect and reccave of the venturars in this voyage the
severall sums of money dew by them for the rate of their venture,
according to a ccdule of their names and suras herewithall under the
handos of the said coramyssyoners. And in case that you shall fynd
any of the venturers to bo remysse in i)ayment, and doo not presently
pay his part and dewty as aforesaid (w'' we trust shall not happen),
then doe you thiiike nieate that you gyve knowledg therof unto the
Lord Mayor of London, and to S'' W. Cordcll, Master of Records, whome
we have appointed to be assystant unto you in that case, according to
the tenor of our letters directed unto them in that behalfe.
Michael Lok.

[Colonial, 101. Bom. Eliz., cxxvi, No. 21.]

After our very harty commendacions. Wheras our loving frynd
Michael Lok is appointed presently and spedely to collect and receave
of the venturars in the voyage of Mr. Ffurbusher, according to a ccdule
of their names delyvred to hym, a good sum of money for the payment
of the maryners and discharge of the ships now come. And for that it
may happen sum of them wyll not make ready payment of their partes,
or wyll refuse to pay the same, w*^'' thinge would be a hynderans to the
rest by great charges dayly groweng theron untill the maryners be paid
and the ships dyscharged.

Therefore we have thought good to requyre you twayne to be assystant
to the said Michael Lok in this case, and uppon his information or
complainte unto you to be made to calle before you suche parsons as
shalbe found slak in payment, or shall refuse to pay their partes as
aforesaid, and to pcrswade them eyther to pay the same presentlie, or
els to comaunde them, as so dyrected by us, to appcarc before us pre-
sentlyc to shew cause why they doe not make payment accordingly.
And so —

My L. Mayor.
Cordell,

TO TMK rilini) VOYAGK.

'.V21

ho voyage
I certiffyed

I payment
lect of the
Porasmoche
jdyc collec-
' cxcessyvo
en be paid
and raayii-
vyll and re-
c dyllygena

voyage tbc
sir venture,

II under the
I shall fynd
ot presently
lot happen),
•of unto the
ordsj whome
according to

[oving frynd

and receave

to a cedule

[the payment

id for that it

|their partes,

irans to the

icrs be paid

Ibcassystant
formation or
parsons as
lir partes as
Iresentlie, or
Ifore us prc-
laccordingly.

[Colonial, 107. Bom. EUz., cxxvii, No. 8.]

nKOKMBEH 1578. M" from my lords to CKRTAYNE OUNTr.K-
MKN FOR TIIK PAYMKNT OF CKRTAYNE SOMMES DUE HY TUKM
FOR THEIR ADVENTURE T ^f MR. FURBISIIERS VIAGE.

After our harty commendacions. The Quencs ;\Ia''" l>eing geven to
understand that the myners, maryners and others iinj)loyed in the late
vyage under our loving frynd Martin Furbusher, gentilman, are not yctt
paid all their wagys for their sarvys in the sayd voyage, but doo lye
styll at the great charges of all the venturars, for lak of payment of the
money dew by dyvers of the particuler venturars, althoughe her Ala''"
and many of the venturers have paid their partes dew for the same.

And for that uppon thaccount taken it appere that for yo"" part

thcrof you are to paye tlie suui of {Uanh). She hatlie therefore geven
us expresse commaundemeut to require you amongest others and stray tly
to charge you in her name to geve order for the payment of the sayd
somme in London unto the handcs of Thomas Allen, tresorcr therunto

!i])pointed, wti'in ten days after the receyt herof w"'out ttbr that other-

wyse yt is ordered that suche as shall or fayle to make payment at

the daye liinyted shall bo »iuyt exempted from all manor of benefytt and
priviledg that may grow unto them by their former ventures made in
the said voyages. And thus we harteiy bid you Farcwoll.'

In the countrio.
The Erie Pembroke

The Countcsse Pembroke . . -

The Lord Ilunsden - - - -

Sr Henry Wallop - . - -

S'' John Brocket! - - - -

Mr. William Pellhain

Anthoiiye Jcnkinson . - .

The Ladye Anne Talbot

In the Court.

In Loudon.
S'' Thomas Gresham
S'' Leouell Ducket
Nexte weke. \ Mathe Fyld -
Edmond llogan
William llarington

fl72

- 28

- 85

- 57

- 77

- 1.3.5

- 57

- 10

i()23

- IHO

- 1)1

- 57

- 115

- 28

[And — FareweU], expunctcil MS.

322

STATK PAPKRS SUHSKQUKNT

Christmas.

Mr. Thomas Riiridiill
„ William Paintor
,, JelFrey Turvilo
„ Richard IJowlatid
Mrs. Anne Kyuncrsley
Mathcw Kyncrsley
Robert Kynersley
William Boncle
William J>urde
Thomas Owen
William Ormshaw
William Dowgle

Sr W'l' Wiutar
Christofer Andrews
Robert Martin

- 45

- 57

- 8G

- 28

- 57

- 115

- 20

- 28

.£1123

- 40

()

[^Colonial, 110. l)om. Eliz., c-xxvii, No. 12.]

DECKMBER 8, 1578. THE EXCLAMATION OF THE MAURINEUS,
KTC, FOR TIIEIK PAYMENT FOR SERVICE UNDER MR. FUR-
HI 811 EK.

My dewty remembryd unto your honar. This is to syngnyfy unto
yo'" honar that we, commyngo home w''' out mony where hit was
(leclaryd btffore we came that we wolde bryngo hit w"' us, they keppe
a gretor store nowe then they dyd before, and wyl beleve nothyng that
we do saye. If hit mayo please your honar that suche order may be
taken that those w" was taxyd by your honars maye be recevyd w '' the
reste that owght to paye who be in the corte by somrac one yor honar
mayo please to apoynt. And that hit maye please you' honar to sonde
the messenger wt the letter to those in the syete (city) that they maye
paye presently, and I shall geve my attendance there to recevo hit and
to paye hit ageyne accordynge to order, ffor lyvynge at the corte
is great chargys, and all moste be put to accownt. All so there is
a great dell of fFreyt to paye: no .shippe p'd but one, w'' is caulyd the
lieare, Lester, wc'' is Mr. Lockes shippe, and she is holy paydc, as
your honar may se in his accownt of the mony w'l' he dyd receve; hit is
350/j*. the laste par.sell. There is other that wolde bo p'd as, well, as ho
Crystmas beynge so nere every man cryythe out for mony. I wyshe all
myght be payde before the tyme and hit be possybell, desycryngc
your honar to helppe at a pynche, or elce I wolde I had my mony aTul
another had my oft'ece. This I take my leve, commyttynge your honar

ro THK THIIM) \(lYA(iK

to the Loi'do, who blesso you and kepo you for over. Wryttcn at uiy
howsso iu Lcndon this viij December in anno 1578.

You''» to commiiundc,

Thomas Allen,
To the Right honorable S"" Francis Walsingham,
knight and principall Secretary to y^ quenes
highncs gcve these.

[Colon'ud 111. Dom. Eliz.^ exxvii, No. If!.]

DKC". 11, ir)7H. rUOM MICHAi;!/ I.OK TOWCIIYNOK TlIK

ADniTAMENTS.

]

MAURINKUS,
EH MB. FUU-

syngnyfy unto
Iwhere hit was
us, they kcprc
uothyng that
order may he
icevyd w i> the
one yoi- honar
Ihonar to sende
hat they maye
recev<^ hit and
Ic at the corte
kll so there is
u is caulyd the
holy paydc, as
d rcecve; hit is
ai, well, as he
I wyshe all
;11, desycrynge
my niony and
l^./c youf honav

Right honorable. This bcrar the messenger wyll report unto you
what he hathc done w^'' the venturars for their money. We have not
yet recevcd anyc but of Wylliam Ormshawc. We hoi)e the rest will
come shortlye. This messingcr sayethe ho must have his il'oes. I know
not what to answere him thereon but as yo^ honor will appoint.

The great workes at Dartford stand still untill additament come from
the northe or the west ; that of the northe wyll come shortlie I hope,
that of the west is not yet sent for, byciiuse the commyssioners had not
l)yn togetheres sins I was at the court, but to morrow S' Thomas Gresham
and others of them wilbe in towne as I am infor ned, but when they
meete I think they cannot do mochc for Mr. Edgccomc's dytament,
w^''out sum speciall letters to hym from the courte. And in the meane
tyme I think it very neodt'ull that letters were wrytten to hym to send
a ton thcrof by land w''' the very first spcdy convayans, for that we are
very ccrtaynclye assured by Jonas and Denan that that is most good and
most fitt to work w"' our ewre, and the like surans have we by one
Goodycrc an English workman, who hathe wrought in my hows these
iiij or V dayes on divers small -sayes of our cwr by appointemcnt of S""
LeoncU Duckett, whose report yo'' honor shall know wti'in ij or iij dayes.
And thus I commit ydr honor to Almighty God. From London this
Thursday xj December 1578.

Yo> honors most bounden

Michael Lok.
To the right honorable S"" Francis Walsingham, knight,
her .Ma''*"* princii)all Sccretarie.

at the Court.

V ''

1 iW

324

RTATK I'APKRS SUHSEQITRNI

[Colonial, 112. Dam. Eli:., cxxvii, No. 20.]

PECn. 15'" 1578. MB. I,0CKE3 ACCOUNT.

Right honorable, I have recevcd presently yor letter whcrin y honor
(lotho write me of informations gyvcn against nic to dctaync in my
handcs the companyes money and their goodcs, for answero thcrof I can
Baye no more, l)ut that I have none of their money in my handes, and
for prooflc therof I referre roe to mync accounttes,' wo'' I am redye to
showe in particulcrs, whensoever the commyssyoners and audytors wyll
take a tyme to paruse the same. And syn.s that Mr. Allyn was ap-
pointed to be trcsorer I have not receved one pony of money of any of
the venturars, but onely xxviij" of my Lady Martin, wherof I paid out
xx(' unto Denam for his journey into the northc, and the rest w^'' a more
summe is paid outt for divers petty parscUs w''' grow dayly uppon the
workes of Dartford and amonges men for their sarvyce. Ami I am fully
determyned not to receavo one penny of money nor other matter of any
of the venturers but to gyve over mync ofFyce unto Mr. Allyn, althoughe
dayly I doo styll take payne to passe all accountts w^'' all men, and wyll
doo styll to bring this busynes to a good end, the best I can. And I
have not receved of any of the venturers any one parcell of wares syns
Mr. Furbusher retorned home into England nor before he went on the
voyage, but onelye of iij or iiij of them, summe munition or tackeling
for the ships, w"'' stode for money for their venture outwardes, wo'' is
answered in thaccounttes, butt nothing at all have I receved of any of
them for this their dewtye for the ffraight of the ships nor wagys of the
men. And I have uo goodes in my handcs belonging to any of the ven-
turers in particuler, but I have my howsse full paystered of the goodes
of the companye dyscharged out of their ships come home, w^'' is tac-
keling of ships, monytion, vyttclls, and many od things, w^^'' is all by
inventarye receved under the handes of the masters and offycers of the
ships, well goodes I am ready at all tymes to delyver into the handes
and charge of Mr. Allyn when soever it pleases hym to receave ytt.

Herein have I wrytten to yo'' honor the trewthe of my doingcs w^h I
wyll justyfye. I beseche yo*' honor to stand my ffrynd as you shall see
cause of defect by my doinges. And bycaus that sclanderous tonges
wyll not be stopped by wordes, I make no answerc to them, but a,bydc
the tyme when God shall make my doingcs knowen wherby he shall
stop them for me. And I comytt yo»' honor to Almighty God. From
London this Monday xv December 1578.

Yo"" honors most bounden

Michael Lok.
To the right honorable S^ Francis Walsingham, knight,
her Mamies principall Secretarie.

at the Court.

1 Two volumes of these accounts arc in tlic Miscell. of tlu' lOxcliciimn-,
vol. on, fil.

n y honor
ync in my
icrof I can
laufles, and
m reilyo to
(lytors wyll
yn was ap-
y of any of
I paitl out
w^l' a more
' uppon the
I I ain fully
itter of any
;i,althouglic
en, and wyll
can. And I
f wares syns
went on the
or tackcling
lavdes, w^'' is
cd of any of
wagys of the
y of the vcn-
f the goodcs
e, w^'' is tac-
ych is all hy
'yccrs of the
the handes
:ave ytt.
loingcs W^^ I
ou shall see
.erous tonges
lu, but a.byde
irhy he shall
God. From

TO 1 UK I II I 111) VoY\(iK.

{Colonial 123. Dom. Eliz., cxxvi, No. 57.]

325

xiji'ii ixr Ixiij'' xv

ml iiij\^''

v"" vij- Ixxviij'' xv^
xix"'tviij'xxij'' x*

[(' Kxfhc<|Ut'r,

THK NORTH-WEST VOIAOK. A UUIEP REroRTE OF THE ACCOMPTE
OF MICHAKLI, LOCKE CONCERNING THE JHARDdES OK 11,1
VOIAOES INTO THE NORTH-WEST PARTES UNDER THE CON-
DUICTE OF MARTIN FURUUSSHER, TOOUITHER W' THE
CHARGES OF IIUILDINGES AT DERTFOHU.

Divers sommes of money recevcd by Mi-
chacll Locke of the adventurers, viz., for
the furst voiago, viij'' Ixxv" ; the second
voiage, v""^ cccv", and the iij''" voiage,
vjint viju iiij"" iij" xv .

Divers sommes of money roceved of the
said adventurers for buildcngea at Dartford

Divers sommes of money recevid for pai-
ment of fraightos

Sum totall of the rcceiptes .

Wherof

Allowed in the said accoraptes forbuildeng
repaireng and furniture of shippes, victuals,
implements, wages, jiaiment of fraightes and
buildonges at Dertford, and divers other
thinges as in the accomptcs male appere

And then remaineth to be accomj)ted for .

Wherof

Due by Thomas Allen, Thrcasurer of the
voiage for money by him recevid of the said
adventurers ....

Divers other persons for their adventures
yet unpaidc ....

Michaell Locke for money supposed to
remaine in his handes .

Whereof he demandoth allowaunce of m'cc'' for his attendance and
charges sustained in the causes of the said iij voiages.

Tho : Neale, Audit.

On the hack occurs — Articles to be inquired of by Mr. Thomas Neale
and Mr. — IJaynham, Audito'^ appoynted to take the accompt of the
northwest viage.

Wliat som the whole adventure in the sayd viage dothe amount unto.

What sommes the adventurers in that viage have payd of the same.

To whom the same was payde.

What is bchinde by the sayd adventurars.

What Michaell Lock is forthcr to be charged w'^''all for wares sowlde
pertaynyug to the compaguyc.

\'l

XV""C111J'"'VIJ" X" lllj'

iiij"''vj''xxxiiij'' xix" viiij''

viijniij'"'ij'' x«

ijuitycxxxv" xiijs iiij''
mtccxvj" xvjf iiij''

1^^

32(>

STATE I'Al'KHS Sir HSKUl'KNT

What liatho been paydJ to Mr. Tli. Aliii the 5' Miirclicaiit m
Threasorer, and howc the Haino liathe been usHodc and what rcmayiietho
ill Ills liiiiidus.

Wliat is dewe by the compagiiy for I'raight of Hliippcs niid othci-wyso
and to wLoin the oanio is dowo.

IColonial, 126. Domestic Ehz., exxvi, No. Srj.]
AN AUNSWEAHE TO MH. I.oCKKS UKQUKST FOR 1 2()()'' W'"
UK DKMAUNDKTH OF THE COMI'ANIE Ol' TUK NOUTHWEST
VOIAOE I'OU iriS SKRVICK I'OR IIJ VEUKM,

1570. The first ycro.

1. Ffirst, where the aaido Lot-ko deiniiuiidcth for three yeves charges
and for wareiiouses and for kcpingc of house. It is thought y' the first
yere is not to be brought into this rcckoningo, for thiit lie was theii in
the service of ^tlio coinpanie of Muscovia, and that yeare also the coiii-
panic of the Northwest voiagc had no need to use warehouses or anio
nieetinges ; fTor in the said first yere there went fortho but two pinasses,
and the adventure was but H7"V' w'' was all lost and spent. Therefore,
if the said Lock be allowed iij" for the huudrcth, it is verye niuehe for
875" wci' is 2U" ..... £20

1677. The second voiagc.

2. This yere went out the A>/de, w''' two piiuisses, and the adventure
was 1076''. And if the said Locke be allowed for 2U()'' after iiJ'' for the
hundreth, w:'' is Ofi : that is, «>•'' the most, he tarying at home and not
travailiiige. Moreover, in this yere he was not inuche troubled w"' house
roome, servantes, or greatt dyett. IJut ktt there be allowed him above
his provision towards his charges and se vants, xx" . XI IG

1.078. The third voiage.

3. In this third voiagc there went out ten ships, w^ii the said Lock
had to deale w''' all the Ai/de, the JiulUh, and two pinasses, and the ad-
venture this yere was 7000", wherof the said Lockes adventure was
20:}(i''. Beingc allowed for 5000", after iij ', for the hundreth 250"', and
for his servantes, three in number, at xiij" vj'^ viij'' the pceee, w^'' is
40" (thoughc in the said Lockes accompt nothing is putt downe for
their charges), and for meetinge of the commissioners diverse times
after, 10" the monthc, for iiij monthes, w^'i is x" ; this may be thought
sufficient, ffor the commissioners did not eate often w"' him, and but a
I'ewc of them at a time .... .£230

Touchingo the interest of money taken upp by the said Locke

by exchange.

4. It is not thought meet that he shoulde be allowed anie thingc, be-
cause it is verely thought he tookc not upp anie monie for the use of

TO TIM. rUlHI) VOYAfiK.

lliil

chciinl as
iimiyiietho

othcrwyHO

20(P' W"
)HTinVKST

[•res charges
t y' the first
was theii in
Iso the coiii-
)use8 or aiiie
;\vo pinasscs,

Therefore,
yc muche for

£20

be adventure

|r iij" for the

omc and not

,cil w''' house

il him above

I'llG

lie said Lock
and the ad-
[venture was
Ith 2.')0", and
Leece, w'' is
It downe for
iiversc times
he thought
\\, and but a

U231)
Locke

thinge, bc-
jr the use of

the said compiinie, but rather for him sclfe, I)ecau80 he was hu groato an
adventurer in the voiages aforesaid : at the Kastc, if he did take upp
anie it could not be verie muche. Tnis donniundo l)eing so j.'rcate, it is
like he knoweth for whom ho tooko upp so muche money, who arc to re-
pay the same to him, and no reason that other adventurers w^h have
paide tlieir money should pay him interest.

<'}. Ffor boatu hire, to and from the L'ourto at sundrie times in two
ycres, the said Lock nuiy have allowance of x", wob is reasonable.

'). Ffor the time of the l)uildinge at Dartforde, for his riding charges,
and kcepinge three horses aliuut sixe monthcs after, xv the wceke,
w<='' amouiiteth tu xviij''. As fur his mens and his ownc diats are allowed
before : yet, because riding charges bo great, ho may bo allowed for him
selfo and his men xxij" more .... 40'*

7. Ffor the said Lockes charges to the Courtes, and following hir
Mali" in progrcsso, a certain cstimat cannot be made thereof: it being
uncertain howc often and howo favre ho did ryde ; but it is to be sup-
posed not farre, becau.se hir !\Ia''<' was ever in hir progrcsso whun the
ships were absent in their voiages, at what time Locko had least to doo
w"i the Courtc. And his ridinge in this case and time could bo but
part of two progresses in the two last yeres, for W^ he may be al-
lowed xx'' ..... ^430 U

\_ColoHial, 114. State Papers, h'ltz., No. 4, Vol. IsJt).]
13 JANUARY, l;378-9.

The Second Minute for this purpose.
After 0'" hartie comendacions, i\:c., albeit that not longc sithence up-
pon informacion given unto the Quenes Ma"'", that themyners, maryners,
& others imploied in the late voiage under 0' loving freind, Mr. Martyn
Fui'iushor, wcare unpaidc of their uaiges for their service in the said
voiage (and thereby do lye still at the great increase of charges of all
the adventures). We wrote o'' letters by her jNLi's precise commandemi to
Lyor L.] cmongo others, to make paicm' of [clxxij"], w^'' remayned un-
paid of the sonime that [yo'" L.] assented to contribute to the said ad-
venture to the hands of Mr. Thom^ Allin, thresourcr, appointed for that
p'poso w"' in x dales after the receipt of o^said letters : yet the same not
wt-i' .standinge her Mai''' is eftesones given to understand that the saidsomme
gevou by your L., as also lyke somnies gcvcn by other theadventorers,re-
mayne yet un payed, whereby as the inconvenience aforesaid, onelie by the
wante of paiement of suche money, is increased. So is her Ma''« the more
moved to mislike thereof (Her llighnes & diverse of us & others having
paid o'' parts according to o'promisse). Theise arc therefore once againe
to prayc yo' L. tu gevc present order for tho payment of the sayd some, for
besides her Ma'** good contentacion, that hathalwaies bone welleflected to

'6'2H

STAIK I'Al'KKS .SI USI-.QIJKM'

tliu voiaye ; tliough soinuic iiiun, ujjpoii inihlikinj,^, can l)u cuntciiteil to
withiJrawo theinsclfs, & to be exempted from the adveuture & all privi-
leges of the same, as was mencioiied in o'' former letters that all sueho
rihouM he as refused to make j)aiemciit hy the daie lyinitted : yet is it
not tiiuught in any wise rcsonalile, howc suever the tiling iiall fall out ;
but that they should make satisfaction of so uiuche as they have pro-
mised, fur without these pronii.scs tlie voiage had never bene taken in
hand. And tlius trusting that for the respects aforesaiil, we shall neilc
in this case to vrite no more ; we bidd yo' L. hartely farewell.

{I'Jadorsed.)
M'l To the adventurers.

[Colonial, \\'.). State Papers. Vol. 1:^!). Domestic Eliz.,'^0.^.']

My dewtie remcmbred. Hit mayc plcise youre honor to iindarstand
that .Mr. Furbn.shur doyth nioche mysouse me in words, saynge, I have
coniplayned to the con.sell of hym. And that I have .^aide that all ys
nothing worth at Dartforde, and howc he hayth receyved so inochc
nionye iuid donue w"' it, he pleaseth w"' all, whore in I ami; une oneste
and hiiv\! no onestie in mo. 1 do remcbar I dide declare unto yoi own
honor, wiche was .vrytcn in my byll of debts at the lower emle, tliat he
dido resevo 8C'* of iMr. Frances, SO'' of my L. of \\arwieke, 7'' of Mr.
Tuiwill, wiche I most nedcs declare, be cause I have gyven no (juyttans
for yt. Ami youre honor axed mc what he hade donne w"^'' all. I an-
sured, I colde not well tell ; but, :>s 1 dide here p'ade frawght unto some
of those shiitpcs wiche he dide frawght in tlic west "ontryc, & some of
the myners, he sayth those shiiipcs elide hym the best serves when owre
other shippes dide rune awayo. 8'', he wyll werye us all, and he have
the brydell to moehe. W'', under youre correction, I do not thincke yt
umyse, and yt l)e youre honors pleasure, that there weare comysion
fromc youre honors that Jlr. Furbnsher accounte diolde be nowe pre-
sentlye'awdited w"' these same auilitors, for .Mr, Lockes wyU'o dowjc
this daye, and .so shall youre honor .see lioythc «hc accounts to gether,
and what ys owyng by them. And that ordar may be gyven by youre
honors, that all supcifliius charges may be cutt of whyth sfiede or else
yt wyll rowne one styll to great charge. I wolde 1 wean; <Iyscharged,
ratlier then I wyll be th.is ralcd at for my paynes. This I take my leave
of youre honor, comn. ■t^ing youe to the ,\li ]\Iightie. Wryttea at my
howhc in Ljndoii, the xiij of Janewary, 1578.

You' honars to coi'imaundc,

Thomas Allen.

(Endorsed )
To the right honorable S' Frances Walsingham, knight,
and prensepall secretory to hir Ma''", gevc these.

\>S^

TO TllK TllIKI) VoYAfiK.

'.i^l\)

oiiteiitcd U»
& all iiiivi-
it all suclu!
;(1 : yet is it
liill i'ivll out ;
cy have pro-
uuc taken in
e sliall ucile
ell.

12., No. '.).]

to iiinlarstaiiil
ayiige, I liave
ae that all ys
kX'il so moche
no uue onesto
unto yoi- own
elide, that he
eke, 7'' of Mr.
Ml no (juyttans
til all. 1 in>-
ht unto .some
c, & some of
ves when owre
anil he have
t thinckc yt
!irc coniysion
je nowe pre-
wyll>c (low'ie
iits to gether,
ven hy youre
siicilc or else
ilyschargcil,
take my leave
^ryttcn at my

Ic,
lumas /

Ml en.

ICotonidl, 120. iilale J'apers, Vol. 129. Ihineslic Elh., No. 11.]

M" W liOUOUGli, TO S" 1\ WAI.SXNOIIA.M. 11 J.\NV l-OTS-O.

After my dewty unto yo"' hoiiourc, dewly considered, this daye hein'^
Weiisday, the xiiij''' Jancwary, I receved yc letters hering datj at
lliehemoud the xij"' of this present, wherby I understand it hathr hen
informed yo'' honour that I shuld owe for myno adventure in thi.s last
voyage wil' Mr. Frohisher, the som of Ivij" x--, the w'' yo" re<|uyre mc to
paye out of hiiiiil, or els to repayr presently to the court, wher I shuld
mi<lerstand her Mai'"* furdcr plca.sure.

True it is, right lionoralde. that iit the setting forth of this last voyage
to Meta Inc('gi)it:i, IMyghell Loke, then treasurer, and cheefe dealer for
the same voyag", bought of mc (to serve in the same voyage) a shipp
called the Judetk, of burden about l.xxv ton.s, for the som of U20", the
w'l' he condieioned to pay me in Maye last, wher of I allowed him then
Ixvij'' x" for my adveiitur, in the sayd last voyage. Aft'Twaids (in
June last) I recevld of lain Ixxxx". So I accompt to have reccvid
157'' x", (and he then rested dettor to me lfJ2'' 10'), the wd' rest 1 cold
by no mcancs get of him, uiilest I .shuld have recovered it by lawe,
well I was loth to doo.

Since the commyng home of the fleet of that voyage, and the charges
of the same knownc ; an<l, theruppoii, every man allotted his jioreion
lliereol", according to his adventure, my parte (as I understand) eoniyth
to Ivij" x", the w'-l' I accompt to be payd out of the sayd 1()2'' 10".
And yet reinaynyth dew to me, 106".

Thus, as ap[)earitii, I have pay<l my porcion fully w^'' the first, and
ouirht not to have ben brouglit in now as a ilettor. Hut, seeing iMr.
Lok, his dealing towards mc herein, hat ben w''' so small cre<lit or
honesty, that neyther he woM paye me the money that hath ben so long
time dew to mc, nor yet accompt my porcion of charges to be payd as
before I have shewed ; but hath geveii report unto yo'' honour that 1
shuld yet remayne dettor for the sayd som of Ivij'' x'. I will no longer
credit him. And therforc doo bescch yo'' honourc, that by yo'' good
meancs I maye be appointed payment of my rest, 10(;", w'' hath ben
dewe to me so longe since.

1 wold have attended uppon yo' honourc according to yor order ; but,
true it is, tirvt I have ben ever since Cliristmas very much trobled
w'li an extreme p.ayne in my hed, so as 1 have ben forced to kcepc my
bowse, antl yet am not clear of the same, hut hope of amendment shortly.
Thus I commyt ray caw.se to yo"" honourc, and yo"" sclfe to the tuicioii of
the AJmyghty, who blesse the Quencs i\Ia'i"' w"' longe most helthfull,
hajipy life au<l rayne. Amen.

Lymchowsc, the xiiij^'' of .Janeuary, 1578.

Yo' honours most humble to use and eommande,

W Borowgh.

STATE I'Al'KRS SUHSEUUKNT

( Kadorscments.)
To the right honorable, Sir IVancis Walsiiigam, knyght,

principal secretary to the Qiieencs most excellent

IMa'i'', at the Court.
14 Januarie, 157 .
From Mr. Will'" a Burrough.
lie hatlie payd the .0... lO" detnanrlcrl, in a shipp Mr.

Locke had of him for Furliisliors last viage ; ir.

there reinayneth due to him more for that shippe

IOC".

[Colonial, 121. ,^'UUe Papers. Vol. 12!), No. 12.]

MICTIAKL LOKE TO s" F. WAI.SINOIIAM.

Right honorable, —

I have rccevcd yo"' letter, whcrin I am charged to
payc ix*^ x" to Mr. Allyn, for my part of the fraight of the ships retorncd
since w''' Mr. Furbussher, in this third voyage. For answere whereof, it
may please yo'' II : to be ailvcrtysod, my part of that fraight comcth to
iij'' xvj" v w«'' I have paid, as by myne accountt dothe appere, w-'' ac-
countt the Awditors are now in hand v '■' all, and by them yo'' II : shalbe
advertised very shortlys, bothe of thatt, and of all the rest of my doinges
in the companies Ijusynes. And for more part of the said ix'' x'' it is sett
downc that the right honorable th'erle of Oxford, ys to payc iiij'" 1'' ac-
cordingc to the order and rate of all the rest of the venturars, wherfore it
may please yo>" II : to call on his 11 : for the same sum. And yf that his
II : be not satisfied of this matter, 1 am to be ruled by yo'' II : and others,
uppon vew of the bargayne w''' I made w^'' his honor, w''' he hathe under
my hand and sealle, for I will not doc any wrongo wyttingly to any man
lyving, espcciallye to his II : to whome I doo owe bothe dewtye and
reverence.

And thus for this tynie 1 take my leave humbly of yo' II : and commy tt
the same to aluiightie God. From London the xiiij Januarie 1./78.

Yoi' II : most boundon

Michael Loke.
jrsement

To the right honi»raliIe S'' Francis Walsingham Knight

her Ma'i'-^ priuciptiU Socretaric.

14 Januarie 157H.

at the Court.

From X Michaell Lock^

Towchyng the money w-'' he was writcon unto to pay Id .Mr. Alien for
his ailventure in Mr. Furbishers viagc.

lO l UK TIIIKI) VOYAGK.

iv.n

charged to

ips ictorncd

whereof, it

; comcth to

ere, w'-'' iic-

1 II : shiilbe

my (loin<?cs

x'' it is sett

3 iiij'" 1'' ac-

whcrfore it

yf that his

anil others,

the under

to any man

.wtye and

id coininytt

1.-7 H.

Alien IV>r

[Colo7iial, 132. Domestic Eliz., cxxix, No. 44, i.]

THE 20 JANUAUVK loTS. THE ANSWKK 01' ME MICIIAEI,!,
LOK UNTO THE AVOUSIIH' EU LT THE COM YSSIONEKS AND
AUDITOUES OF MYNE ACC0UNTE9 UPON TU E SECONDK AUDITE
TIIEROE.

In the month of Auguste laste 1578 my iij bookes of accountes of the
iij voyages made hy .Martino Ffurlnisher for the nortliwest partes were
audited by sufficient jiarsones therunto appoynted, who upjion the par-
ticular oxaminacon of the same, dide certifye under their handes
writtinge that nppon those accounttes dide remayne dewe unto nic the
summe of ix. iiij^'^ix'' iiij' vj'^ of money, besydes all my stocke in venture
w"' the companye, w<='> was about iiijim/t in all thes voyages.

Aftcrwardes M. Furbusher beinge retorned home, he of his owne evell
disposed mynde dislyked of myne accounttes, and made greatecoinplaynt
of the audite thcrof and procured you the new comyssyoners and new
auditore.s to revewe and examine better all mync accounttes and doinges
well you have done. And now by that w^' you have scne well provide
agayne, you doo fynde my said accountes to be juste and trewe as they
wcr befor in all partes excepte onlye in iij poyntes following, to tho
whiehe I doo now annwcre.

Ffirste you wold dysalowe me a sorame of 96" w<='i I make paid to the
shippe 7'c('nr/f6'<f?*for vittelsof men that were passingers therin,wherunto
1 answer that I ditle paye that some of mo;iy and agreatcr summe unto
that shippe befor her departure from London, and I dide knowe by a
covenaunt of agrcment made in the charter partic, that the said shippe
was to oarrye xx men passingers, for the w^l^ was dew eyther that somme
of monye or so muche vittells as should suffice ^'ot them. And 1 did know
that shipj)e dide carrye from London to Ilawicuc more than xxx men
wil'out any mai'ucr of vittalls put into the shippe for them, and they
fedd only of the shippes ownc provissioiiC, ai.d 1 dido know that thcs
vittelles were denyed her in the Tames, and i dide not knowe that any
vittells were put into that shi; e for then at Ilarwiche, but I was in-
formed that none would be ther ileliver.d thrrfor although this jtaymcnt
be sett doune and allowed unto me ui account, yctt is yt but uppon a
good accounte, for mysrcconynge is no payment for I have rccevid no
mony for yt of tho company upi)ou that account made, but now yt
standeth stille as mony paid uppon the i'raight dew to that shii)pe.

The second poynte is matter of yor dislykinge of the order of my .said
accounttes, in that you saye I ought to have charged myselfe uppon the
fottc of that myne accounte for suche del)ts as were owinge for the goodca
bought and were not then paid : to this I answere that in <lede yf I had
so done ther nflld not so great aremayner ol' ixi'iiii-''ix'' haveappereil to
be then dew unto me by the somme of y'yii w^'" I hade not then paid,

Kirst nuiliti'
iif inj'iii!

UCCUUiltVH.

Soeriiiiie
Bwilyte (if
III) wo,
iK'Cuuiites.

Tho .j oli-
ji'ciicjii I'dr
\.i\'<ti. |iiucl.

'I'lip ij oh-
.it'eliiiuy fill'
Uic uiiici- uf
mjhe

UCCUUIltH.

OOni

STATE PAPERS SUBSKQUKNT

'I'll!) ii.j lib-
lectioiin for
my sloko.

'I'llO (j'l'i'llt
Hiiinea of
inoiiy well t
Imve (lis-
bui'iioii for
tile Com-
pany.

but I fyude no cause ncathcr in reason nor in justyce that I should have
made suchc manner of accounte forasmoche as no day of payment was
assigned but present mony and for the same by appoynteracnt of the
commissioners I was become boumlen unto those men that were unpaidc,
and they daly and howerly calleynge and exclaiminge on me for the
mony and thretening mo to prissone for yt, from w"** how hardly and
ehargablye hether to I have keptc myself, bothe I and my frindes doo
knowe and fello ; whcrin 1 coulde fynde no helpe of any of all the com-
panyc w '' trouble might have bene avoydcd yf the comjianye accordinge
to equitie and right had payed me that some of mony that therW'all I
might have paid the creditors.

The thirde poynte is an olijection made uppon my stoke that I have
in venture w''' the Company in these iij voyages ; to the whiche I uede
not answer, for the account shewcth yt planly, that I and my partencrs
have in stoke and venture in all the summc of £4.080 of money W^'' is
all paide exceptc £450 w^'' muste he paide shortlye, whcrof God graunt
good successe and then all this ware wilbe turned into peace.

Morover you doo nowe see by myne accounttcs that over and besydes
all the said suinme of mony for any stoke and venture and over and
above all that I dido roceave of all the companye I dide disburse of myne
owne mony for the Company as follow^'' : In the firste voyage more then
y'yll, and in the second voyage xiij^'^/ w<=ii afterwardes 1 dyde lette stande
styllc for ray stoke and venture therin.

And in the thirde voyage iij^^i, and in the buildinges and workes at
Dartcforde viij '^t besydes other great sumes dysbursed in other meane
tymcs v,'^^'' myne accounttcs cannot declare particularlye, bycause the
same are made up wi.''out dystinction of dayes or tymes but onlyc one
daye at theude of every jeres accounte.

All w^'' said summes of mony I have forborne longe tyme to my great
troble and charges of intercsse, and I was not repayd the same untille
of late, about amonthc laste paste, as myne accounttcs doo declare whcrof
I know that you wille have dew consideracone a.'; reason requirethe.

This answcre may suffice unto you that be wise and reasonable, and as
for Mr. Furbushors faustye in this matter, yt deservcthe none answer
at all.

XHK 26 .TANUARYE 1578. MICHAEM. LOK SALUTETII TIIK
WOUSIITPFULI, COMYSSIONEUS AND AUDITOllS 01' HIS AC-
COMrXS OK THE ILT VOYAOES OF C. I'UUCUSirEB.

Ffor as muche as wordes are but windc and are easely forgotten of
those whome they towche not, and yet boinge misiilassed by igi.orauns
of the speker, or mishard by negligence of the hearer, or misconstrued
by the nialitious, they do breed oftcntyuics contention and di-splcasure
w'l'out cause, therfor 1 have thought good to set downe my mind in this

Iiould have
yraent was
icnt of the
re uupaidc,
ine for the
hardly aud
frindes doo
ill the coin-
! accordingo
;hcrw'''all I

that I have
iche I uedc

ly partcners

uoney W^'' is

God graunt

and bcsydes
id over and
iirse of myne
TQ more then
J Ictte stande

id workes at

lother rueane

bycause the

At onlyc one

to my great
Isame untille
iclare whcrof
lUirethe.
luable, and as
Inouo answer

ItKTH TllK
fl' Ills AC-

1 forgotten of
,y igi.orauns
luisconstrued
displeasure
Imind in this

TO THR TIIIKI) VOYAGK.

333

writtingc wherby you mayo the better consider therof and so resolve
iippon that w'' reason and cnuitie will rcnuier.

Nowe that you have gonne throughe all myne accountes and have
partioularlie examined the same, you do fynd that I have made them
justclyc and trulye, and have not charged them w"' and matter wrong-
fullie nor falselye. And by the course of them you rnayc parccavc my
great labour cost and treble had w'''" this busynes in these iij yeres
voyages.

And by conclttsion of thes accomptes you do fynde that I have a
great somme of mony of myne owne in stoke and venture in thes voy-
ages, and that I have disbursed ami paid from time to tyme great somes
of monye uppon the credit of my selfe and my frindes for the com-
panyes busynes, to furnishe those voyages. And that in my handes no
monye dothe remayne dew unto the companye.

And wheras in thende of that myne accompt I do set downe a summe
of xij''^4 of monye in divers particuler parcells followingc, w^i' I have
paid and disbursed in the companyes busynes in these iij yearcs, and
have not had any allowance therof, nor have sett downe anye demande
untille nowe at thend and conclusion of these myne accountes to saye,

1. I'first for my ridinge charges in iij yeres to the courte
and abroade for collection of monye of the venturares and

otlier busynes of the company . . . Summe £12*)

2. for my ridinge charges to Darteford in viij monthes
solicitinge the buildinges thear . . . Summe £(<(}

3. for my boathire to the corte at Grenwhiehe and to the
shipes and other places about the foresaid busynes in these iij

yeares ..... Summe i,'2(i

4. for the table diate of the commissioners, auditores, cap-
taynes and others, dalye meatingc at my bowse about the
busynes of these 3 yeres . . . Summe £ir)i\

5. for intcresse of money taken uppe frome tyme to tyme
to furnishe this busyness and dispatche of the shippes on
ther voyagL in dewe tyme for lacke of the vcnturars mony

Sununo .£jrj(i
Summo £G00

(]. for charges and travayle of my selfo, my servauutes, and
howshold, to followc this busynes, and takinge charge of
thaccomptes and howserome of the goodes in these iij yeres

Summe £000

Myiin
fi(!ci)riittea
fiiutiil rijjilit
mill trcw ns
Ht tilt! first
awtiite.

.My grpaf
vpiiture ill
tliose
voyages.

'I'liP charges
in iij jeres

Summe £1^00
uppon w<"'' said parcellcs some of you the commissioners do make dowbt
of the spendinge of the mony of some of these paicci's and of the dewtic
of other some of tiiem, wherefore hercumler I do declare unto you my
reason and prooffe of dewtie for the same.

334

STATK PAPKUS SimsKQUENT

Tho tirste
lippyiiiiige
of tfies
voyiitjcii.

M, L(ik
Joviii'llio
nth M.
l''iiibiislior.

At the firstc hoj^iiiiiigc of these voyages for tho discovery of Cathay,
etc., Martinc Ffurliusher did jjroouro the same to be taken in hand of a
good mynd towardes his contrye and comodito towardes him selfe, by
the good likingc of tho right honoral)le the Lorde Burghley, Lord
llighe Trcasorcr of England, and others of her lAIai'^^* honoral)lc privio
counsel!, whose letters ha brought in that behulfc, dated in December
1574, directed to the Company of Mtiskovie for their lycens by their
privcledge to doo the same, w<''' first they refused to graunte, of whoso
bi lies I had then the chiefe charge and whole doinges, whereby I
entered into knowledge of the matter, and althoughe (accordinge to my
dutic towardes the Company of j\Iuscovic, knowirige the inconveniences
that therl)y might growe unto their trade of marchandiz) I did also
dislyke of this motion for a tyme ; yet aftcrwardes, uppon consideracion
of my dutye towardes my contrye, and knowinge by myne owne know-
ledge (as my manifob^ writtinges therof willo witnes) the greatc beny-
fittc that therby might growe to the same, and perceavinge the corrage
and knowinge the aptncs of Martine Furbusher (liy former acquayn-
tance w"' him, and uppon newe conference had w"' him) to execute that
attemptc, I did so enterelie joync wt'> him therein, that through ray
frindshippe W' the company I obtayncd of then a previledgo and
lycens to followe that attempt, datid the thirde of Ffebruaryo 1574,
w^'' I have, and so gave out my solfe openlyc for a chiefe fryndc and
followar of the matter, wherby many men wcr brought into a good
lickiuge of tho matter, w^'' before could fynde no trace therof. And
hereuppon J used M. Furbusher as my fellow and frinde, and opened
unto him all myne owne private studies and labores passed in twentye
yeares continuans befor, for knowledge of the state cf the worlde, and
shewed him all my bookcs, cartes, mappes, instruments, so many as cost
me yo poundes of mony, and writtinges, and my nottes collected theiof.
And dalye instructid him therin to my skyll, and lent him the same to
his owne lodginge nt his will for his hotter defence in talk J thereof
w"' other men. And to be short, dalye inrieased aiy good will towardes
him, makiiige ray howse his howse and my purse his purse at his neede,
and my credite to his crcdite to my powre, when he was utterlye des-
titute boath of mony and credilo and of friudes, as his letters unto me and
his protection of her M''" dothe witnes, when he was first lodged at the
house of one Browne in Flete Street, and afterwardes to have my better
iiclpe and relief removed nearer to me to the howse of a widowc named
Mrs, Ilancokes in Jlarke Lane, who cane bare witnes of the same,
v.''' others more that I cowld name. IIerewt''all M. Furbusher was a
glad man, and hoaped of great good fortune towardes him, and towld
me great matters of venlnrars that he would procure to furnishe this
matter, wheruppon to bcgine the matter I made a writiinge dated the
9 of Februarie 1574, for the venturars to sett downc their some of
monye w"' their owne handes, and for the better inoorraginge of others

TO TMK TIIIKI) VOYAGK.

335

)f Cathay,
hand of a
no selfc, hy
iley, Lord
iihle privio
I December
39 by their
,e, of whose
whereby I
linge to my
onvcniences
I I did al!?o
onsideracion
owne know-
create bcny-
. the corrage
ler acquayn-
cxecute that
throut;h my
iviledtjo and
ruaryo ITiTt,
fc fryndc and
into a good
thcrof. Anil
|, and opened
sd in twentye
worlde, and
many as cost
,ected thciof.
II the same to
tall>3 thereof
[will towardes
at his neede,
vitterlyo dcs-
t unto me and
.odged at the
,ve my better
idowe named
if the same,
|b usher was a
in, and towld
lurnishe this
Le dated the
Iheir some of
iige (if others

I first sett doune my selfe for one Inindrcth ponndes, whernppon divers
others foHowid in the cittie tothesomeof v<"^t,andaftcr\vards M. Furl)usher
carried that in writtiuge to tlie court (for befor that tyme no handcs
wold be hade there), and tliere lie had the huudcs of divers of hor M''*"*
honourable privy councell to the [sum] of nj^li, wherin the right honor-
able the Lordc Burghlcy sette downc a condicion that a convenient
parson should take charge of this sarvice, and afterwardes divers other
parsones did sett downc divers sommes of munyc of small value. And
more venturars 6ould not be gotten for that time, wheruppon thenter-
pricc was geven over for that yerc.

And now Mr. Furbusher was become a sade man, for that by this
meanes his credite grew dalye in questione, and more & more dislikinge
grew of his dcalinges ; yet he contenewcd styll abowt London and the
Court, hoapiuge and solicitingo what he could agaynst the next yearc.
And my good will and good word contynewed still towardes him as be-
fore, well clid him no hurte, but in the mcane tyme coste muche monyc
for thingos provided and charges bestowed for the same voyage.

The next yere beinge anno 1570, the enterprice of the voiage was re-
vyved agayn, and the question beinge asked of the venturars, they said
they wold contynew their goid will and venture .sett downc the yerc
before. Ilereuppon, M. Furbusher was alyvo agayne, and solicited the
furtheraunco of the matter by the helpe of Mr. Burdc, then costonior
of London, and Mr. Alderman Bonde, now deccassed, at whose hoAvse wo
had divers conferences of the maters.

Now, in procedinge to the preparacion of this voyage questione grcwc
amongest the venturars, accordinge to the noate of condicion sett
downe by my Lord Treasorer, who should take charge of the mony
to be colccted of the vonturares, and who fc the provieionand furnitviro
of the shippes, and who in the conducte of the voyage w''' the shippes
at sea ; yt was aunswered, that for the monye I would not meadell ; and
theruppon Mr. llogan and Mr. Borow was named ; but Mr. Borrowe
uterly refused, and would not medell. Wheruppon Mr. llogan tookc
paynes for a tyme and reccaved suchc mony as he cowld gette, and por-
cevinge the travell thcrin or ells no \oyagc at all, had bine made that
yere ncyther, and for the provicion and furniture of the shippes M.
Furbusher did sett doune divers noats of divers thingcs w'''' growe t(' a
great somme, W" the said 3 or 4 of the venturares dide correct, iind did
ordayne dalye what they wolde have donne, and I daly kcapte rcgestar
in writtingo of all there agreementes, and accordingly I did see all
thinges accomplished and executed, and tooke charge of the accompts of
all thinges ; but now the greatest matter remayned still in doubto, and
not satistied amongest the vemurares, w^'' was who should take charge
of conducte and commandcmcnt of the sliippos behigc alrcadie at the
see ; for that M. Furbusher had vcrie littell credite at home and muche
lesse to be credited w''' the shippes abroadc; this matter was the cause

Tlicftttcini't
over-
llirowiio
lii.--t jere,
l.'i;.').

Tliftttpinplc
rpvivoii
iicxi yerp,

isro.

Or.Urof
llitliusyiies.

A trpiisorcr.

A pliefo
governor nf
llio sliipa lit
sen.

'^mai

336

STATK PAPKKS SITRSEQUKNT

l.ylle mony
ol the
vininiarrs
iiiit M. I.ok

M. Kiir.
I)iisher re-

lioine.

'I'lie fust
stone c I
ewer
liroiiRliI
Inline.

of tho overthrow of the voyage in the yore before, and this matter also
now was like to overthrow it this ycre, and did cause most of the ven-
tnrarcs to keape backe their moncyc in thcnd ; but, to forther the
voyage, I dide helpo this matter tho best that 1 cowld, and 1 steped in
w"" my crcditc for his creditc to satisfie all the venturars that he should
dealo honestlye and lyke a trewe man w"' the ships in the voyage ; but
this would not sarve their torne. Whcruppon, aftcrwardes, by their con-
sent, I devised a writtinge wherin was joyncd w"' him in comission
Chrlstofer Ilall and Owen Griffon, M^s of tho shippes, and Nicholas
Chaunslcr, niarcliaunt & purser of the voyage, who were knowne for
trustye men, w"' out whoso consent he should not comaund nor carric
the shippes, but accordiugo to the comission geven them by indenture
under their handcs and scales, w^'i I have to showe. This did satisfie
most of the venturars, but all this dilligens would not bringe in mony to
furnishe owt one quarter of the shippinge intended for the voyage.
Wheruppon the shi[)pingc was tlyminyshed, and insteade of iij shippes,
we could scante furnishe two small barkes and one lyttell boate wher-
w"i all he went w"' cost xvjo'' of mony whei'of ix''' came out of my
purse alone, as thaccomptes doo wittnes, besydcs other thinges not de-
clared in myne accomptes. And now this was the bcggiuinge of ray
travell and service done to the Company in thcis iiJ voyages.

Now, when Martyn Furbushcr was retornod horn againe, in October
1576, w"i his strange man of Cataye, and his great rumor of the passage
to Cathai, he was called to the .':ourte and greatly embraced and lyked
of the best. And up])on his gre;it informacione of many great matters
of this new world, yt pleased her xMa''^^ ilouovable Privie Counscll to
directe their letters and comissioues unto S'' William Winter, Mr,
Thomas Raudall, my selfe, and others, to calle unto us M. Furbushcr
and Christofcr Ilawle, and to tr.ke accompt of iheni of all their doinges
in this voyage, and to take knowledge what were requisite to be doiiue
in the followingc of this discoverie made for the passage to Cathai, for
another voiagc the next yere, and to ccrtide their honors therof.

Ilercuppon manyc mettingos were at my howsc and sometymes at
S"" William Wintares howse, and certificat was made by the comis»ioncr.
to their honors of good lykinge of the passages to Cathai.

In this meane tyme happened to be discovered the riches of a mynerall
stone brought home by chauuce by Mr. Furlnisher and delivered to me,
wherof I caused proolfe to be naade by skilfull meu, and was sertilycd
the same to be of a myne of golde, wherof I gave knowledge to her
INIa'^i'-'accordinge to my dutye, wheruppon muchc marvale was made and
muche enquire and triall made by others of more credite, by whome att
the last it was confirmed to bo trewe, and so was certifyed ; wheruppon
M. Furbushcr was called to knowe what (piantitie therof was to be had
in that new worlde ; he aunswered, that thcr was inough to lade all the

TO THE THIRD VOYAOK

337

tter also
tho veii-
ther the
stcpctl in
le shoultl

age

l)Ut

heir con-
comission
Nicholas
lownc for
lor carric
iiiilentuvc
id satistic
Q tnony to
10 voyage,
ij shippes,
oate whcr-
out of my
es not de-
nge of ray

in October
;hc passage
iiud lyked
at matters
ounscU to
inter, Mr.
Furbusher
icir doinges
to be donne
Cathai, for

lelymes at
lomiss-ioner

a mynerall
3rcd to me,
|as scrtilycd
tdgc to her
Is made and
whome att
I whci'uppou
Is to be bad
[liulo all the

shippes of her ^la '" and thcruppon now was prepared the second voyage Secoml
anno 1.077, w^'' niuche greater preparacione then was purposed before ^"^"'''' ' '
for that her Mai'" would be a great venturar therin.

And here uppon daly grew new busynes and new venturars and new
collectioncs for greater matters then befor and dalye new couiyssiones
and new directiones from her Ma"«» Honorable Councell, w"'out whose
knowledge no great matter might be donne. And stille the chief charge
coinitted unto me as treasorcr as many of their honors letters to mo
directed in that bchalfe doth wittnes ; wheruppon many assembles of
the Comissioncrs and others wer made at my howse dalye, as the reges-
ters of manyc of their meetinges and agrementes of the busynes can de-
clare. And thus now may you see how and by whose comaundem'^ my
travaylles, trebles and charges in this busynes was contynewed and en-
creased stille unto this daye.

Thes foresaid matters beinge well considered, and callinge to yo"" re- The iiiirde
memberaunce the great busynes wd' ther uppon followed in the thirde 157"^"'
voyage made in the next yeare followinge, w^'' was anno 1578, w<^'' re-
mayneth stille befor your eyes. I trust you will thinke my foaresaid
demaundes of xij'" for my charges layd out of my purse in this busynes
to be verye reasonable.

And never the letse, bicause you shall know that I do not demaund M. I.okes
ytt w'l'out ground of dutie, I will now answer unto your doubtes and uiToh'Hr(;>'8
make proofe w"' a good conscience, as followithe : — ''"'''•

Ffor my ridinge chardges I have sett downe exx'' for these iij No. l.
yeres, w"'* is xl" by yere, in w"'' tyme I have travyled to the courte in ciiinill^s.
the countrie, and in progresse not so fewe as c dayes yerlye, for collec-
tion of niony and comissions for busynes, somctyme w^'' one man, some-
tym wil» twayne, w"' my horses and comp.vnye that hath drawne to me
about this busynes, hath cost me some tymes xx', sometymes xv', and
when least xiij' iiij'^ a daye.

For my ridiuge chardges to Darteford, I have set downe Ix'' in the tyme No. 2.
of viij monthes, y t is well knowne I was there everye weke sometymes iiij *•*'"""■' •
dayes, sometymes iij dayes, and most comcnly ij dayes w^'i iij horses, some-
tymes iiij or vj by the workemen carried w"^'' me for the buyldinges where
I was lodged in a oomyu yn as I am stille when I go thcthcr and all my
folke also, when they be there by cause. C. Furbusher hathe nowe taken
uppe the lodgiiige that is at the worke houses, leste I and my men
w^u have cliarge of the thingcs there, should lye neare unto o' chardges
to loke to the salfe garde of the thinges there, w'-"'' hath cost me w"' the
workemen, resortinge to me dalye about bussynes xl* adaye xxx", and
never under xx, everye dnye that I tarried there.

Ffor my boiit hire to the Court at Greuew-'' and to the shippes and ko. 3.
othi^r places about this busynes, for these iij yeres, I have sett downe '""" '''"•■■
xx''. The uomber of jonicys I cannot rememl)er, they were so many ;

338

STATE PAl'KRS SIJHSKQUKNT

Nn. 1.
table dyftt
of tlio CO-
mysBioiiers,
etc.

No. 6.
IiiteresBes
]micl fur
moiiy fortho
veiituinrs.

but well I do remember that cveryc jorney to flrcncw<^'' didc cost me
and my men, and his mcato theare gevinge attendance cvcrye dayc
vs, and when least iij« liij'/, and manye dayes makinge two Jorneys the-
thor in one daye.

Ffor the table diatt of the comyssioncrs, auditorcs, captaynes, shippc
masters, and other daly metingc and resortinge to my howse, about the
busynes in these iij ycares, I have sett downc the sommc of cl", vi^^ is
after 1;,-, by the yere, one w^'' another. What resort hathc byn there at
daly about this busynes, the men themselves can wittiies makinge my
howse as their howse, and my table as their tjible, and what yt hath
cost me above mync ordenarie, I do knowe and il'eale, and those that
have experience of howshold chardges in thes daycs, also can consider;
but sure I knowe that, yf I were allowed iij'" for thes iij yere yt would
not recompense my charges therof.

Ffor the int cresses of mony taken upp from tyme to tyme to furnishc
this busynes and r'ispatchc of the shippes on their voyages in dewe tyme
for lacke of the venturares mony, I have set downe but ccl", Wh par-
chaunce somme of you maye thinke to be veryc mucho, not havinge byn
acquantcd befor w^'' my deallinges in the busynes, nor havinge con-
sydered by myne accomptes what great souies of mony I have disbursed
and paid for the Oompanye from tyme to tyme for the furniture of the
voyages above all y' w'' I receaved for them ; yet I praye you thinke
of my doinge thus faborably, as the rest of my doinges dothe gcve you
cause, that I will not willingly charge the accomptes w^** any more
somme then that I thinke may stand y/^^ equitye and good concience.
Trewe it is, that I have a great somme of mony for myne owne stoke
and venture in the secondc and third voiages, w^'' would have stoped a
great hole in the paymentes of those ij voyages, wherby you maye sus-
pecte that I neaded not to have taken uppc so mucho mony for the sar-
vice of the rest of the venturares ; but verrie trewe is this also, that it
were to hard dealinge w"'' me to make my mony stope the gape for
other mens dutyes, and make me stylle bare theyr burden ; and reason
would that yf anye of all the venturares be favorabley borne w"'all for
the payment of this monye, I should have the most favor of all others
therein, consideringe my charge and my care and travell for all ; but for
playne proft'o of my uppright dealinge in this matter, yt shall appeare
unto you by wytnes of the brokers by whose handes I have taken upe
the mony from tyme to tyme for the sarvice and furniture of this busy-
nes, that the interesse w'' I have paid for mony taken uppe, therfor
w^'Mn these iii yeres hath cost me of my purse the somme of v", besydes
c" more w^^'' I payed for the surans of v<^'' W^i' remayned in the seconde
voyage, at I cannot telle whose venture, but at the least lighted uppon
myne owne venture and coste, w*-'' is togeathers vj"^^'' of reddie monye
paid out of my owne purse, w'' is not charged in any of myne accomptes,

'I I

TO IIIK IIIIKI) VOYAHK.

339

J cost mc
rye flayo
ncys thc-

08, 8hipi>c
about the

clii, w*^^!' is
n there at
[vkingc my
at yt hath

those that
n consider ;
:o yt would

to furnisho
I dewe tymo
;l'i w":'' par-
Ivavingc byn
lavingo con-
,ve disbursed
liturc of the
I you thinkc
the gcve you
th any more
id concience.
owne stoke
ave sloped a
lU maye sns-
ly for the sar-
also, that it
[the gape for
and reason
|rne w'^'all for
of all others
,r all ; but for
shall appeare
,ve taken upe
of this busy-
|uppe, therfor
,f V'", besydes
the seconde
ighted uppon
reddie mouye
ne accomptes,

but only now in thend of my no accomptes I have sett downe ij"" for the
coHipanyes jiartc of that v'" of interest paid the other rest being iij' 1". I
do bare and j)ayc of myne owne purse, w'' I thinke may suffice for the
interest of myne owne stoke yf it were not paid to thaccompto so sonc
as you would have it, but so sone as reason rccj wired that it should bo.

All these foresaid sommes of mony sett downe do amount to the
Honime of vj '7t. of rcdye mony wct> I have paid out of my purse by
extraordinarye charges in the sarvico donno for the busyncs of tho
company, wherof I trust you do now sec good cause to be owt of dowbto
of my dutyc therof, and so to allowo mc the same.

Also I have sett downe at thende of myne accompt the sommc of
vj<'^i. of mony, Wf'i I demaund of the ordinarie charges and travaylc of
my selfe, my sarvantcs and howshold to foUowc this busyncs and
takinge charge of thaccorapts and howsc rome of the goodes in these iij
yeares, w^'i is after the rate of cc" by yeare, wherin I trust I shall not
neade to saye muchc, considcringe that all of you be men of good reason
and can consider what belongeth to the mayntcnaunce of suche a famely
as I have.

And somme of you by yo*" owne experience have founde, and all of
you have scene, what a chargable travaylc and great troblo bothc I and
all my hows hold have had in the executionc and followinge of this
linsynes in thes iij yeares, and also all of you do know that whcraa
I was well placed in the busynes of the Companye of Moskovia, w'l' I
did execute quietlye, and for the doinges therof I had of thum a pt.ntion
of cc markes by yeare, bysides my howse rent ft'rce and other thingcs
well worthe to me cc'' by yeare ; I have forsaken and geven over that
office and assured trade of quiet lyvinge purposly to follow this bussincs
of the companye w"' better eflfccte, according to my good wiilo and
mynde desirous to sarve them to the best of my skille and power, w'l I
trust shall not be cvill bestowed on them nor evell recompensed towardes
me, havinge now torncd all my goodes into the stones at Darteforde, and
left to my selfe a howse full of children, w'li maye bagge their bread yf
the stones at Dartford be but stones.

Thus, I trust I have satisfied you consernynge my dutie of the vj'-'^t
sett downe for luonye paid owte of my purse for the extraordinarye
charges in matters of the Companyes busynes, and also conserninge the
other vyii for the ordinarye mayntena"'^ce of my selfe and famely during
this tyme that I have sarved the companye and followed their busynes
accordinge to the office and charge comitted and conuiundod unto mc
from tyme to tyme by the letters and comissioucs of her Ma''"* most
honorable privye counccll and accordinge to the agreements and
directiones sett downe by the comissioners in writtinge reniayninge by
me w^^'' 1 have faithfully and dutifully executed from tyme to tyme to
the l)est of my skille and power, w'' sommes of mony you ought justly

No. 0.
M. I.okH
iiwiin

c'lmrKi's fill-
lilM tniVHyll
iij jeiirti*.

Hwoloiiliti

lll.ll I'd-

iMiiiiii(le>
iniiit tjcvoii
to M. I,(,U

to I'uIImW
this l,:isy
lies.

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14SB0

(716) 872-4503

' C^x

340

STATE PAPKRS SUBSKQUENT

C. Fur-
buslier paid
and iilli>wed
hira viiieJi.

The objec-
tion t'>r the

Q. >r«tic9

01011)6,

C. Fiir-
bii.ihers
rune
agHiiiRte
M. t.()k.

M. Tioks

Rreat stoke
»nii venture
in theg
voyngoa.

to allowp unto me, and may© as lawfuUye so doo by yo"" owne dis-
cretione wihout expectinge any further auctoritie as you and other
comissioners by their owne discretiones have all redye paid and allowed
unto C. Furbusher more then viij''^i for his sarvice not so well bestowed
as inyne.

But yo" maye object against rae that when I had receaved the Queues
Mat'i^s monye dewe towardes the fraight of the shipps and wages of men
come home, I might have paid it owt unto them. To this I aunswer
that in dede I might have so done and so I did the moste parte of it,
but in all that tyme that I was in the courte suter for hir Ma'ies monye
and for others of the venturars w^ii was more then 3 wekes tyme con-
tinewally, C. Furbusher was at Darteford solicitinge the workemen their
to make some good proffe of their worko wob thinge bcinge so greatlye
longed for at the courte as wt'>out that ther was no money to be had
amongest the venturars, and havinge so evell successe at Darteforde as
cowld not be worse then was reported, the matter grew to so great dis-
credit, as I could not parceave any hope where to receave any more mony
amonge the venturares to parforme this busynes, and here w"'all my debt
beinge great for mony taken for the Company for the furniture of this
busynes and my venture knowue to be so great therin as all that I had
was worth, my credit decayed w"i the discredit of these workes, so as I
could not prolongo my debtc any longer tyme, but was forced to paye
the somme w^'" suche mony as I hade left me, w^^^' was dewe to me by the
Company, And heruppon all matters growinge to miserie throughe
scarcitie of mony because the rest of the venturares would not paye their
dewtyes. And C. Furbusher lackinge now the mony he was wont to
have still at my handes for the askinge, and I havinge no mony now
for him to paye his men, he entrcd into great stormes and rages
w'*" me lyke a made best, and raysed on me suche shamefull reportes and
false Sclav nders as the whole court and cittie was full therof, w<^'' did
me g/eat hurt, and did muche more hurte to the state of the corapanyes
busynes, w^'' is not yet recovered, but wilbe shortlye, at w'' tyme his
false talles wilbe retorned uppon his owne heade, but in the mean tyme
his slaunderous reportes have byn made agaynst me vr^^ suche vement
wordes of affirmation to be trewo, that through their sound of matter
for the venturares profite and vantage, they are yt credited to be trew
amongest them in the court, and so will remayne stylle untyll you do
scertifye them of the truth of my doinges uppon yo"" audite made of
myne accomptes.

Moreo/er you doo see that uppon my good hoape and desier of the
good successe of this busynes I have put in stoke and venture in the
same all the goodes that I have in the world w^'iout exceptione, and for
the accomplisshinge of the same to the corapanyes desire, I have gaged
all that I have and have pressed my selfe and my frindes w*'' all the

ne dis-
1 other
allowed
estowcd

! Quenes
s of men
aunswer
:te of it,
B8 monye
^me con-
men their
greatlye

be had
;eforde as
great dis-
lore mony
U my debt
ire of this
that I had
Lcs, so as I
■d to paye

me by the

1 throughe
paye their
,s wont to
mony now
and rages
;porte8 and
of, W^'' did
companyes
ii tyme his
[mean tynie

he vement
of matter
to be trew
yll you do
,e made of

Uier of the
Iture in the
Ine, and for
|havc gaged
viii all the

TO THK THIRD VOYAGE.

341

creditc that I could make, and have spent all my tymo and oppressed
my selfe w^^ continuall labour and treble therein, wherby maye appeare
that thear haths not byn any lacke of goo'l wille nor dewtie on my
parte, for the good successe of this busynes, wherfore yf any evell suc-
cesse should happen in this busynes of the ewre at Darteford, w«h I ^'- lok •">'

, ,, . , , . , , . giltie In the

trust shall not yet is not that any way to be imputed to me, whose in- busynes at
nocentie therin my goodes bestowed and ventured therin shall witnes *'^'* ""^ *'
and my writtinges delivered to her Ma"e8 honorable privie counsell of
my dewtifuU sarvis donne in that behalfe shall declare, but yf any suohe
mischief should happen, w^h Qod forbed, the same wer rather to be
imputed and layed on Martine Furbusher, who therin hatho comytted
great abuses agaynst the companye, as in a paper of artickells therof
shall appeare in dewe tyme, and uppou Jonas and Denham who be the
chiefe workemen thereof. And on them the same were to be ponished
sharplye as men who have byno the fynders and bringers of that ewer
w"^ is brought, and causers of the cost bestowed for the fetchinge and
workinge of the same, but I trust no suche cause shalbo geven.

And now I praye you waye upprightly my former doinges and con- Re„i,e(,t of
sider w"^ equitie my present state, and give not care to the false ^' '.:''' '"
reportes and sclanderous clamores latly raysed aud sprede against mo tmtiio of
by Martine Furbusher w'^out any foundacion of trewth, but defend my " '*'"*■
cause as my inocentie deserveth. Aud certifye her Ma^'ea honorable
privie councell planly the effecte of my doinges in this sarvice and
busynes, as you do fyud it by myne accomptes, that their honors maye
be satisfied of me. And that I maye satisfie the worlde by the tryall of
my doinges w^l^ I will justifye. And yf you thus do, yo" shall do
justice, and I shall give thanks. And yf you thinke otherwise of the
premises, I referre me to that w^ shall stand w*'' reason and equitie.
The 18 of Ffebruarie 1578.

And nowe to conclude this my aunswer unto yo", 1 must saye that ^.|,q p„.
yoii have delt verrie hardly with me in that you have suffered myne myBmnners
accomptes to lye dead and not touched ever syns the xviij of Januarie Inge wth
last uutill yesterdaye, by w^'i meanes muche suspicion and clamor is
growen agaynst me withowt just cause. Albeit yo" maye saye in trewthe
that in this tyme the chief commissioners have byn so occupied abowt
the busynes of Duke Ccsimirus, and the awJitors abowt their busynes in
the tearme tyme that yo>' cowld not assemble togethers, yet when some
of yo" did assemble, ones to make aunswer to the busynes of Captayu
Ffenton in the west countrye aud agayne to make iuventorie and prays-
ment of the shipps to be sould, some thing more then is donne myght
have byn donne in myne accomptes, yf the awditors would or could
have come to yo", in ""hose absence yo" would do nothing in myne
accomptes.

Also I maye saye that yo" have donne me great wrong in writting

M. Lok

342

STATK PAPERS SUUSEQUKNT

The co-
in .vBHidiiers
would Iii>t
li««rc itiB
iiiiswere of
M. I.' k.

Mr. Auditor
Neiill con-
troUotlib

not tllHO

couutlos.

M. Lnk
disliur.tcd
ijin/i for I
('ouipBiiye

yesterdaye unto her Ma'ies honorable privie councell yo*" aunswer uppon
the conclusion of myne accomptes w'tiout having had anny maner of
considcracion of my dcmaundcs sett downe in my book of accomptes
delivered to you for my great chardges paid and sustayned for the doing
of the companyes busynes in these iij yeres voiages, and chieflye in that
I having made this present book of myne aunswer uppon yo'' awdit of
myne accomptes and making some jf yo" acquaynted therwii'all privatlyc
bifoare, and yesterday laying it open byfoarc yo" to consyder, you would
not vowchesafe to here it readde, which justyce requyrethe to be donne,
alledging that the tyme was spent and yo" cowld not tell when to mete
agayn any more. And tharfore (in post haste) yo" would make aunswer
uppon myne accomptes and referre my demandes to their honors.

And wheras Mr. Awditor Neale of privat affection hathe set down in
the letter of yo^ aunswer that myne accomptes are w^howt controlement,
sucrly he dothe me great wrong theriu for myne accomptes are controlled
by billes and quyttaunces w^ii I have showed and delivered to the
awditors in presens of yo" the coraissioners and of Captayn Furbishcr, in
whose presentts they have byn exarayneJ vi'-^ my bookes of accomptes'
for the proffe of all the omptions of the goodes and the payementes of
monuey sett down therin w^'' said bills and bookes have byn now iij
monthes in custodio of Mr. Neale, Mr. FurbisLer dayly comyng to his
howse as hys famyliar frynd, who in all this tyme might have controlled
the same, and would have doune it, yf they cowld have found anny
matter. And yet never the lesse yf all thesse awdy tinge and reawditinge
be not sufficient to justifie my trewe dealinges in myne accomptes I will
tpke no vantage thcrbye, but let them be awdited and controlled agayn
by soil c others, and I will abyde the uttermost tryall of anny man that
can controll anny part of my doiuges in myne accomptes. And for all
the payementes therin contayned I will bring before them the partyes
themselves of whom the goodes were bought and to whome the monny
was paid (yf^they be lyving) or ells a sufficient testimoniall from them
by othe or wyttnesses by notarie.

And whereas by the examynacion of myne accompts yt dothe playnly
he appeare that I did paye and disburse of myne owne for the companyes
busynes, the somme of ij'" poundes of monney at dyvers tymes for yers
and monthes of tyme W^h is repaid me but w"'in these ij or iij mounthes
last past, you the comissioners and awditors have not made anny manner
mention in this yo'' last letter unto her Ma^'«s honorable councell of that
good tome donne by me for the companye w<='> equytie requiereth
yo" should have donne.

And thus it may appeare that yo" have a thoruc in yo'" owne foote
w^l' dothe somwhat prick yo" w'' now yo" would pull owt and put into

' Misc. Exchequer, Qu. Rev., vols. 00, 01.

it uppon
oaaner of
ccoinpte8
the doing
re in that
awdit of
privatlye
you would
be donne,
1 to mete
e aunswer
)r8.

t down in
trolement,
controlled
ed to the
irbisher, in
iccomptes'
jmentes of
yn now iij
yng to his
; controlled
ound anny
eawditingc
iptes I will
)lled agayn
man that
IViid for all
;he partyes
the monny
from them

[he playnly
Icompanyes
les for ycrs
h mounthes
Lny manner
[cell of that
requiereth

lowne foote
Id put into

TO THE THIRD VOYAGE.

343

mync who am not able to cure it so well as yo'selves, but I prayc yo" put no an you

,. . , ,, , ,1 ijij\ would be

yo''selfe into my place and then do to me as yo'^selves would be donne to. done to.
And so shall God prosper us all.

[Colonial, 131. Dom. Elk., cxxix, No. 44.]

fi:b. 18, 1578, from michell locke certefiethe the
auditors and commissioners proceadinoe w" him
about his last accompte.

Right honorable, — Ilereinclosed I send to yo"" honor the letter of the
report of the Commyssyoners and Audytoi^s uppon their last awdyte of
myne accounttes, wherein they have delt very hardly wt^'' me bothe in
wordes and in deedes, but I trust I shall fynd their honors of her Ma''«8
counccU bothe reasonable and good unto me, according to my trew
delynges in thaccounttes and paynfull sarvyce in their busynes. Wherof
to the end their honors may be better informed I send to yor honor
herew'i'all a large declaration in wrytynge wcii I directed unto the com-
myssyoners, purposinge therby to gyve them knowledge thcrof to their
satisfaction, but for lak of tyme convenient they have not read ytt, for
ttheir mcetynges hathe byn so selldome and the busynes in thaccountts
hathe byn so tedious unto them to paruse that they waxed wearye be-
fore their tyme and so have knytt up the end in hast as yo"" honor may
see and would not read myne answere but referred it to their honors.
Yo"" honor was my fyrst and chief frynd at myne entrans into this
troblesom and chargeable busynes, and I would be right sorye that any
of my doinges should move you to repent, and I trust there is no suche
cause. Wherfore, I beseche yo'' honor to stand styll good unto me, and
to gyve me styll yo"" favor and good countenans, and to thinke of me as
of a trew man, for so wyll I trye my sellf in all my doinges, and wyll
abyde the uttermost tryall of any man that can controU any part of my
doinges in myne accounttes. This booke of myne answere uppon this
awdyte of myne accounttes may seeme to yo' honor tedious to reade,
wherfore ytt may please yo' honor that one of yo'" men may read ytt and
report unto you the effect therof and afterwardes that yt may be used
lor the information of my Lords of her Ma^^s Councell, as my cause
shall requyre. And I wyll not be furder tedious unto yo"" honor at this
tyme, but onely agayne I crave yo"" favour towardes my trewthe. And
I corumytt yo"" honor to Almightye God. From London the 18th of
Februarie 1578.

Yo"" honors most bounden,

Michael Lok.
To the right honorable S"" Francys Walsingbim, knight,
her .Mai'«» chycf Secrctaric.

344

STATE PAPERS SlIHSKQUENT

Colonial, 103. Dom. Eliz., cxxvi, No. 33.

'-'(

THE HUMBLE 8UTE OF THOMAS BONHAM.

Ffirstc the said Bonham firnished a shippc called the Thomas of
Ippiswiche, beiiigo of the berthen of viii"" or thear aboutes, and victualed
the same, and ifirnished hir with all thinges necessarye to the somme of
above iij''^i.

Item, the said shippe was so beaten by weather in hire viadgc as
cli. will not suffice to repayer hir, besides continuall charges of victualles
for yo mariners sinste hir comminge home.

Item, the pilate being apoyuted by the companie of adventurers, and
by Mr. Ffurbusher, so as I ame not to be charged withe hir retorne
without ffraight, the same being happined onely by the ffaulte of thcim.

My humble sute therfore is, yt^ by yo'' honorable good meanes some
spedie order may be taken yt thextreame charges I have bene at for not
paymint of cnie ffraight maybe presently releved withe the satisfaction
of siche somes of monye as yo"" honor, withe ye reste of hir Majesties
.moste honorable counsell, shall thinke mete and requisite for the sayd
shii)e3 ffraightc.

Indorsed. Thomas Bonhams sute. Towchyng allowance to be ycaldcd
him for Furbishers viagc.

Colonial, 1:35. Domestic Eliz., cxxx. No. 21.

MAllCH 28, 1579, FROM SIR THOMAS GRKSHAM AND OTHr.K
TOUCHYNGE \^ ORDER THEY HAVE TAKEN FOR THE PAYMENX
OF THE MARINERS.

Ytt may lyke yo"" good LL. to understand that we haue receaved
yo'' LL. letter of the 26 Marchc, wherby yor LL. plesure is, that we shall
appoint iiij men for the sale of the other ships and other thinges re-
maynynge, for the payment of the men not yett paid. Accordiuglie, we
haue appointed men therto, who shall see the same executed as spedelie
as may be, but that beinge done, is but a verie small matter to pay that
wih is owinge to the men that are unpaid, and the fFraightts of the shyps
owinge. Wherfore yt may pleise yo"" LL, to gyve order, that suche of
the venturars as have not yet paid their partes towardcs the said fraights
and wagys may pay the same forthwth, for that othervvyse wee see not
other present remedye for the same. The names of the venturars
woh have not yet paid their full part is in a wrytinge hereinclosed, to
wliome ytt may please yo^ LL. to gyv suche straight order, as that they
may pay their partes owinge, as the other venturars have done, or ells
to be secluded from all beuefytc that may t.;row to them by their former

fc~M«> .riiifi'iia

Thomas of

i victUcaled

somrae of

viadge as
f victualles

turers, and
hir retorne
;e of theim.
:;anes some
e at for not
satisfaction
r Majesties
)r the sayd

3 be ycalded

ID OTTII-.U
PAYMENT

lie receavcd
lat we shall
Ithinges re-
Irdiuglie, wc
as spedclie
to pay that
If the shyps
lat suche of
iid fraights
jree see not
venturars
tnclosed, to
Is that they
|oue, or ells
icir former

TO THB THIRD VOYAGE.

345

ventures made, and other ventures hereafter to he made, and to lose all
that wch alreadye they have disbursed.

Also yt may lyke yo' LL. to understand that this daye we have had
conferens w'h one John Barton, gentleman, who semethe to have expe-
riens of myneral workes, who hathe offered to make a proffe of the ewr
at Dartford, at his owne charge? in the great workes at Dartford, and
theruppon will precede in the work of all the ewr there, to have for his
industrie, vppon the valew of the ewr after this rate ; to saye, for everie
ton yeldinge the valew of xx ponds money clere above all charges, he to
have ten shillings for his paynes and industrie, and yelding the valew
of XXX ponds the ton clere of all charges, he to have xx shillings ; and
yeldinge the valew of xl ponds the [ton] to have xxx shillings for his
Industrie ; and he to work ytt at his charges, and wyll work xvo tons by
yere, to whom (yf yo'' LL. lyke of ytt) we have consented he shall make
prooffc ymediatelie after Ester, wherof yt may plese yo"" LL. to adver-
tyse us yor plesures, for that we doo staye the man in towne uppoa
yof LL. answere to be had.

And for the prooedinge of the great workes at Dartford by Jonas, wo
thynk ytt very requysytt to precede in the same, and therto is needfull
of dyttamentts to be provyded for them, and other necessarie charges at
Dartford for the working of the same, w<:h in all would ask the suum of
vo pondes untill the workes wyll mayntaiuo ytt sellf for the reste, for
the web money we have nott any means heere, for that the former
oessementts wyll not suffyce for ilie fraights and wagys of men yet un-
paid, neyther doo we know how to provyde the same but by a new
cesscmentt uppon all the venturars, and the charge and accountt therof
to be commytted to a severall man.

Thus humbly we take our leave of yo"" LL., and commytt the same to
the tuition of Almightie God. From London the xxviij Marche, 1579.

At yo' LL. couimaudcments,

Thomas Qresh'm.

John Dee.

Thomas Allen.

X"pfer Hoddesdonn.

Michael Lok.
To the Right Ilouoralde our very goods Lordes
the LL. of Uer Ma''«3 Honorable Privie
Counccll.

Lionell Duckett.
Martin Frobisher.
Edwarde Fentou.
Gylbert Yorke.
Mathew Fyeld.

S4G

STATE PAPKRS 8UHSEQUKNT

[Colonial, 138 Domestic Eliz., cxxx, No. 42.]

THE VENTUBABS W^« HIM NOTE PAYDE AT THE 25 APRILL 1579.

The Lord High Tresorer
The LorJe High Admerall
The Erie of Sussex .
The Earle of Warwicke
The Earle of Lecester
The Lorde Ilondeston
Sr Francs Knowles, Tresore
The Earle of Oxforde
The Earle of Penbroke
The Countesse of Warwick
The Countesse of Penlrokc
The Lady Ann Talbott
Sr \^m. Winter
S"" Johane Broquete
Mr. Phallapp Sydney
Mr. Edward Dyer .
Mr. Willm Pelhame
Mr. Thomas Randolphc
Johne Somers
Symonde Boyero
Antony Jenkenson
Jeffry Turvill
lliclicrd Bolando
Mathewe Kcnersley
llobarte Kinersley .
William Burde
Thomas Owene
Christopher Androwes
llobart Marline
Marten Furbysher .

Thes whos names be under wrytten be suche as adventured in the
second viage, and not in the thirde, except the Countesse of Sussex, who
was no venturer in the second vyage, and S'' Lionell Duckett who hathe
adventured the moytie in the third viage accordiiigc to the some adven-
turid by in the second viage the w'^'' moste be referred unto

the consideratione of your Honors.

li. 8. d.

• •

. 066 00 00

. 065 00 00

. Oil 03 04

. 085 00 00

. 032 10 00

. 450 00 00

. 172 10 00

. 057 10 00

. 028 15 00

. 010 00 00

. 040 00 00

. 077 10 00

. 067 10 00

. 135 00 OO

. 085 00 00

. 067 10 00

. 028 15 00

. 057 10 00

. 007 00 00

. 027 10 00

. 028 15 00

. 057 10 00

. 020 00 00

. 012 15 00

. 005 00 00

. 270 00 00

Sui

u of all . 2167 03 04

LL 1579.

It. a. d,
65 00 00
65 00 00
165 00 00
65 00 00
11 03 04
(85 00 00
)32 10 00
150 00 00
i72 10 00
)57 10 00
)28 16 00
no 00 00
340 00 00
377 10 00
067 10 00
[)67 10 00
135 00 00
1)85 00 00
67 10 00
i28 15 00
157 10 00
07 00 00
)27 10 00
328 15 00
57 10 00
20 00 00
12 15 00
05 00 00
05 00 00
70 00 00

L07 03 04

[•ed in the

issex, who
Ivho hathe
luc adven-
Irrcd unto

TO TIIK HI nil) VOYAOK.

The Countesss of Sussex
The Lady Ann Talboto
Sr Lyouell Duckctt
8r William Winter .
Willni Burde
Christopher Andrwes
llobart Martyne

347

. 135 00 00
. 062 10 00
. 067 10 00
. 500 00 00
. 250 00 00
. 062 10 00
. 062 10 00

There is also owinge by Migholl Locke for the footo of his accompto
1217^1. 10a. 04(/., the consideracion whereof uioste bo in like case referrid
to the deterniynatione of your Honors.

There is aluo a reare acompt of Mr. Locks for dy vers marchandizes and
victualcs, etc., retornid in the shipps, and by him sould unawdited.

Kven so in leke case the whole and full acompt of Mr. Furbyshcr as
yetc to awditc to bothe w •' aconipts I cann saye nothingo untell the
same be fynyshed and by the comyssioners throughly seane.

Indorsed. — A note of the accompt towchynge the northwest viace.

[^Colonial, 140. Doniest'c Eliz., cxxx. No. 47.]
After 0'' hartie commendations, whereas for want of the pairacnt of
suclie somes as arc due l)y sundrie thu adventurers to the northwest in
the late voiage made by Mr. Frobisher, not onely manie that served
in the saide voiage be yet unpaidc and undischarged, but also the cwre
brought home remainethe untried and so unprofitable Ilcr Ma"'- bath
caused an order to be sette downe by my LL for the aunswearingo of
the saidc sommes whereunto her pleasure is that so manie as be behinde
hand in their paiments, and intend by continewinge in the societie of
this companie to reape the benefitte that may happely growe thereof,
shall subscribe their names in the testimonie that they will see the
sommes due by them paide to such person, and w^'dn such time as is
expressed in the saide order. And to that ende we are willed to sonde
to you, as we do by this bearer the same order to be by you subscribed
in case you meane to continue an adventurer, otherwise purposinge to
venture no more, to require you to subscribe to one other bill w^i' this
bearer also hathe to exhibite to you, thereby testifyingc yo"" refusall to
be for the presente anic longer an adventurer of this companie. Hy a
note w'* this bearer hath under the hands of the Commissioners ap-
pointed to regarde the accounts of this Companie, you may see what is
behinde to be by you paide, w if you shall like to see paide accordiuge
to the order, then are you by a note of yo'" hand to signifie the day of
yo'' subscription to the order, that accordingly the sommes w '' you are
tu pay may be looked for and receaved here by the Threasurer of the
Companie. And so we bid you hartcly farewell from the courtc tho
of Aprill, 1571).

Yoi lovingc frendc.

318

8TATI5 rAPKRS SUnSEQUKNT

[Colonial, 109. Slate Papers. Dom. L'liz., cxxx. No. 16.J

XUE VKNXUUAUS W*-" HAVE NOT PAID TO M. LOK, UUT MUST

PAIE TO M" ALl.EN.

W'Ri^eg Diiyld-

Third

KrAiKlll

second i

lUS

Vl)l«l{

reiuriia.

voIrbb. DariCord.

uulwaidi.

1&7

167H.

The Lord Ilighc Treasurei

•- li

118

The Lord IliKho Admirall

- li

118

The Erie of Sussex

- li

118

The Erie of Warwick

- li

118

The Erie of Leycester

- li

11 3 4

The Lord of Ilunsdon

- li

10 li

67 10

Sr Frauucs Knowlls

- li

67 10

The Erie of Oxford

- li

li 460

The Eric of Penbrook

- li

172 10

The Countesse of Penbroke- li

28 15

The Countesse of Sussex

- li

10 li

57 10

The Countesse of Warwiclt

.- li

67 10

The Ladie Anne Talbot

- li

6 li

6 ';

Sr llenrye Wallope

■■ li

57 10

Si Thorns Qresham

- li

230

Sr Leonell Ducket -

• li

5 li

15 li

28 16

Sr Will'" Wynter -

- li

li 40 li

Sr John Brocket -

- li 10 li

10 li

67 10

Mr Phillip Sidney -

- li

10 li

67 10

Edward Dier

- li

5 li 33

15 li

28 15

Will"' Pelham

- li

10 li

67 10

Thomas Randolph -

- li

10 li

57 10

John Somers

- li

10 li

57 10

Symon Bowyer

- li

28 15

Anthony Jenkynson

- li

67 10

Jeffrey Turvile

' li

.li

Willm Paynter

- li

67 10

Richard Bowland -

- li

57 10

Mathew Kyndersley

- li

28 15

Robert Kyndersley

- li

57 10

MrsAnneFrauncs Kyndersl

ey li

86 6

Will™ Burd Mercer

- li

20 li

Will™ Ormeshawe -

- li

28 15

Thorns Allen

- li

57 10

Richard Young

- li

57 10

Willra Bond

. li

115

Thorns Owen

- li

28 15

TO THK THIRD VOYAGK.

311)

\Viij{(>a
RenoiiU
volu^u.

nnylil- Third
Dttiifuril. oulwiiriU

t'rttlKlil
ri'tiiiiifl.

15; 7.

ir,78.

Will'" Dowgcll

- li

li li

li 2H 15

Anthony Marlor

- H

li li

li 28 15

Christopher Androwos

- ti

li 6 li

Robert Marfcyn

- li

li 6 li

Martyn Furbiahcr -

- li
li 35

li 20 li 138

li 115

n 146 /t382 1C

li'2Hr}r) 13 4 notrc''

2!)23 1 8 received

38
145

/i5778 18

382 10
2H55 13 4

3418 3 4 Not rec'i by Mr Lok
72 1578

The Venturars money not paid to M"" Luk but to M"" Allyn.

[Colonial, 124. Dam. Eliz., cxxx, No. 18.]

THE HUMBLE PETITION OF MICHAEL LOK FOR CHARGES

DYSnURSEI).

To the right Honorable the Lordes and othe. ^ of Her Ma"** mosto
Honorable Privie Councell.
In most humble dewtye besechcthe yo' Honors, yo' most humble sup-
pliant Michael Lok, that wheras by the manyfold coma idementts of
yo' honors, and by the dayly directions of the comyssyoncrs appointed
for the voiages lately made by Martin Purbusher, yo"" said suppliant for
the space of these iij yeres hathe taken the charge and dewtyfully to hia
power hathe followed and scene executed all the busynes therunto ap-
pertainingc, according to the orders to him appointed in that behalf
from tyme to tyme, wii he hathe to shew to his continewall great paynes
and trouble, and his very great charges and expenses. And of all his
doinges in the premisses he hathe made dew and trew accountt, v^^ is
awdyted and certiflSed unto yc Honors, in woh accountt yo^ said humble
suppliant hathe sett downe the sum of xij^^t by hymn expended and
layd out of his owne purse for dyvers particular charges, for the fol-
lowiuge of the said busynes in the said tyme of iij yeres, as therin dotho
appeare ; w^i" said awditors would not allowe unto yo"" said suppliant
uppon his said account sayenge that they had none auctoritie therto,
but doo referro the same to the consideration of yo"^ Honors. Now

350

STATK I'APKKS SUUSEQt'KNT

yof Honors said huitil>lo siippliant, most humlily l>escchotl»o yo' Honors
to have consyderation of the premysscs, in respect of his dcwtyfull
sarvyce done thcriii, and his trcw dualynRCH in his accountt made, as
also for that most trewlye he hatho expended and layd out of his owno
jturse for the said busynes the said sum of xiyli sett downe in thaceoiintt,
and also iuyli more not sett downe in thaccountt, as ho wyll niuko dew
j)roffb hesydcs the great sum beingo ijinij i/t of money w >' he hiithe paid
in the said voyages, for his owne stok and venture therin, whiche is all
the goodes that he hatho in the >vorld w'l'out exception ; wherby now
hym sellf and wyfc and xv children are left in state to beg their bread
hensforthe except God turne the stones at Dartford into his bread agayne,
and that yor lienors bo good unto hym in this his humble sutc, accord-
inge to his dewtifull trcw mcaninge in this his sarvyce done. And
yo'' said humble suppliant and his children, according to their boundon
dewtye, shall pray to God contynewallye for the encrcas of all yo"" Honors
estates with all prosperitie.

[Colonial, 125. Dom. Eliz., cxxx. No. If).]

MICHAEL LOK HATIIE PAIO FOR PYVERS CHAIKIKS Vnti TFIK

AFFAYRES OF THIC CO-MPANYE IN THE II.I YKUKS OF THE

IIJ VOYAGES OP MAIITIN FURBU8HEK, OENT., KOK THE
NORTHWEST PARTS, AS FOLOW^" : —

For my rydyngo charges to the Court at Hampton,
Wyndsore, Rychemond, and other places in progresse
to attend on Her Ma''®* most Honorable Privie
Councell, for comyssyons, directions, and money col-
lections of the veuturars in iij yeres, at xl" by yere . cxx''

For my ryding charges to Dartford, and for the bylldings
and workes thoare, and to other places, daylye, for
necessaries in these viij monthes . . . lx'»

For my botehyer to the Court at Gronewiche to attendc
on the Councell for the comyssyons, and money col-
lections of the venturars, and to the ships, and other
places li . . . . . xx"

For the table dyatt of the comyssyoners, awdytors,
captaynes, and others of these voyages, at my howsse
often and daylye in these iij yeres, at 1'' by ycre li . cl''

For interesses of money taken up from tyme to tyme to
furnishe thes iij voyages and dyspache of the shi[)s in
dew tyme, for lak of the venturars money li ccl''

S'nim vj li

TO THK THIRD VOYAdK.

351

yo' Honors
(Icwtyfull
tt made, as
if his owno
thacoountt,
luiiko dew
hathe paiii
:iicho is all
irhorby now
their broad
•cad agayne,
ute, accord-
done. And
cir bounden
1 yo' Honors

For tho ordynary chagos and travayll of in" sollfe and
my sarvants and howshold to follow this busynus and
take charge of thaccountts, and howscromo of the
goodes in these iij yores voyages at cc" by ycrc

S'mm of all xij'7t

Thus moche money xij'7i', and more hathc ytt cost rac out
of my purse, wherof nothinge is yett allowed me in
accountts. Allow me what reason and cquitic rc-
quyretho.

And Michael Lok hathe in stok and venture for hym
sellf and hys chyldron w"'' ho hatho paid

And in tho name of John Dee

yyii

ij"'clij'' x«
iiij^xvij"

S'mm iji'iccUi

Bcsydcs the stok and vonturro of tho Right Honorable

tho Erie of Oxford, w'' is . . . ij"'iiij' xxx/i

By me, MionAKii Lok.

I J'OK TIIK

K8 "I" TIIK

KOU TIIK

IColonial, 105. Dom. Eliz. cxxvj, No. 56.]

THE VENTOnARS W*^" HAVE NOT PATD THEIR PARTES For
FFRAIGHT AND WAOES THE LAST NOVEMBKR, l.OTB.

Off the Court.
The Lord High Treasurer
The Lord High Admirall
The Erie of Sussex .
The Erie of Warwick
The Lord Hunsdon .
S"" Ffraunces Knowles
The Erie of Oxford.
The Erie of Pembroke
The Countez of Sussex
The Uountez of Warwick
The Countez of Penbroke
Sr Henrie Wallope .
Sr John Brocket .
Mr. Philip Sidney .
Mr. William Pelhara
]\Ir. Thomas Itandolphe

CXV'i

. cxv"

Ffor third voiag

. cxv«

50 200

venture outwardes

. cxv"

•

. lvij« x»
. Ivij'' x»

->R 50

xxvij" x"

. iiij'-l'i

200

. cixxij" x'

■275

. Ivij'i X'

25,

Ixx'i x"

. Ivij'i x»

25)
, ■ 40

. xxviij" XV'

15)

. Ivij'i x»

. Ivij" x«

xx''

. Ivij" X*

26,125

X''

. Ivij" x"

Ixxvij'' x"

. Ivij" x"

xxxvij'' X*

352

STATIi PAPERS SUBSEQUENT

Edward Diar
John Somers
Symon Boyer
Martyn Ffurbisher .
Anthonye Jenkynsou
Jeffrey Turvile
William Paynter
Richard Bowland
John Dee .

Sr Thomas Qressham
Sr Leonell Ducket .
My Ladye Martyn
Mathewe Kyndersleye

'1
5)

xxviij'' XV' 15
lvij» x« 25
xxviijw xV lij|
cxv« 50 1

Ivij'i x« 25 1
IvijJi x" 25
Ivij'i x« 25 1-
Ivij'i x» 26 I
xxviij" xv« 15 J
x«
Off the Cittie.
. clxxx'i 66
. Ivij'i x» 25
xxviij'' XV' 15^
xxviij'i xV 15

116

xxxviij'i xv»

Clv'i

Sum ijn'cxvij'i

!6|
261

Robert Kyndersleye .

. Ivij'i X'

15V 105

Mrs. Anne Fraunces Kyndersley Ixxxvj'' v«

Mathew Ffield

. Ivij'i x»

26;

Edmund Ilogan

, cxv'i

William Bond

. cxv'i

•115

Thomas Owen

. xxviij" xv'

William Borrowe

. Ivij'i x"

William Ormeshawe.

. xxviij'"' xv«

15\

William Dowgle
Anthonye Mario"' .

. xxviij'i xv«
. xxviij'i xv»

16
16

.100

William Harrington

. xxviij'i xv«

16j

Michael Lok

. iiij'lx'i

220

Sum

jiniiijclxxxvij" xs

XXXUj'' XV*

and iju'cxvj'i x»

Not receved fraight iijmv<v"
outwardes venture vj^x'i x"

Sum iij"Jcxv'i x' not receved

Ffor the second voiag.
— x'i My Ladic Auue Tali)0t

Sr William Wynter

William Burde

Christo^er Androwes

Robert Martyn

. xl'i
-xx'i

. v'i

Sum vji'x'i x"

w
g
g

TO THK THIRD VOYACJK.

353

ACCOMPT OF MICHAEL I.OK, TUKASURKR, MADK
NOVKMHER, 1578, OF MONXKY RECEIVED
HYM SYNS I'l" LAST ACCOMPT, AUDITED IN

Rccciptts.
Off the Quens Ma''e for fiai;j;lit, and wages
Of Therle of Leycester, for fraight .
Of Therle of Oxford, part for fraight
Of Mr. Secretario Walsingham, for fraight
Of hym, for venture owtwardes
Of Mr. Secretarie Wilson, fraight .
Of S. Thomas Gre«ham, venture owtwards
Of hym, for parte of fraight
Of Thomas Alien, fraight
Of Christopher Iladson, fraight
Of Richard Young, fraight .

Sum receved, xxve iiij"'''' iij
Payments.
To Michael Lok, rest of his accompt
For the workes at Dartford, above all recoved
To the Erie Leycester, ewr from Bristow
To the shippe Iloapioell, part of fraight
To the shippe Anne Fraunces, part fraight
To the shippe Tho. Allen, part fraight
To the mynars and men part of wages
To the shippe lieare Leicester, fraight

Si'.m paid, XXV iiij^x xix''
By me.

THE LAST OF
,\Nn VATD IIY

AUGUST 1;)7S.
mcl''

Clxxj'i X«

vo Ixxxv'i
ij« xxx"
Ixij'i xiij'
cxij" X"

1«

Ivij'' x''
Ivi.j'' X'*
Ivij" x'

ixc Ixxxix"
iiij'- Ixxx"
clxxij'' x"
c«
c"
clxij" x''

ijop.

iijol"
Michael Lok.

Colonial, VAl. Dom. Eliz., cxxvii, No. 10.

AX ORDER SETT DOWNE BY THE QUEKNES MA^'^^^ EXPH I'.SS I',
COMMANDEMENT, TOUCHINO THE SUPrLYING OF SUCH
8UM.ME8 OF MONEY AS ARE DUE BY THE ADVENTURERS IN
THE NORTHWEST VOYAGE, OTHERWISE CALLED META I.\-
COONITA.

The Q. Ma*'8 being given to understand that diverse of those that
were adventurers in the late viages performed by Martin Ffurbusher,
gent., into the northwest partes (not w''' standing sondrie admonitions
given by letters directed unto them from the lords and others of the
j)rivy councell), that they ahold bringe in such summea of money as

A A

354.

STATK. I'APKUS SrHSKQUKNT

were due l)y them at lymes ami dales limited by the said letters, have
not brought in the said summcs accordingly ; wherby diverse mariners
continewed a long seaaon undischarged, and the fraught of the niostc
parte of the shippes employed in that voyage unpayed to th' utter un-
doing of diverse of the owners of tlie said shippes, and greatly to her
Ma"''" dishonor, being an adventurer in the said voyage, and having
payed all such summcs of money as were due by her. Ffor rcdresse
wherof her Ma''"' doth thcrforc order that all such adventurers as have
not yet payed in such summcs of money as are by them due, shall
w<'' in ten dayes after notice given to them of this her Ma''''*' pleasure
bring in and deliver into the hands of Thomas Allen, appoynted to be
the treasorer for this purpose, the moytie of such summcs as are by
them yet due, and th' other moytie w"' in a moneth after, w''' if they
shall not observe that than they shall not only be forthw"' excluded out
of the company, but also loose the bencfitt of such summes of money as
they have alreaddy putt in, being a matter agreeable w"' lawe and
justice for not observing the rules of societie. And for that it may be
knowcn out of hand who meanc to continewe the said adventure by
making ))ayment of such somnics as are by them due accordingly, as is
above mentioned, and who shall refuse: yt is by her highncs thought
meetc, and so ordered that such as meane to continew the same shold
subscribe there names to this order, as thereby binding themselves to
the payment of the summes by them due, as above is expressed. And
that such as shall refuse to subscribe the hiuiic therby to bind themselves
to the payement, but meaning to adventure no more money in the said
voyage shalbe herafter utterly excluded in suche sorte as is above
specified. And to thintcut that no man shall pretend ignoraunce what
he ought to paye at this present, the bearer hcrof hath a scedule con-
teyning the names of all such as have adventured w''' the summes by
them payed, and what summc, are remayning due to be payd, subscribeil
by such commissioners as have had authorysic to have regard thereto.
A/so, The L. Treasorer.

The Ti. Admiral!.

The L. Chamberlain.

The K. of Warwycko.

The E. of Leyccstor.

The li. of Ihinsdon.

Mr. Thresorer

Secret. \\ alsinjihiim.

Mr. Secret. W'vlson.

TO THK THIRD VOYAOK.

355

ettcrs, have
se mariners
f the niostc
ii' utter un-
•catly to her
and having
'for rcdrcsse
rcrs as have
I due, shall
j,tic9 pleasiiro
lyntcd to be
3S as arc by
, vfh if they
excluded out
of money as
ytli lawo and
at it may be
idventure by
rdingly, as is
hues thought
e same shold
;hemselves to
[iresscd. Aud
themselves
in the said
as is above
raunce what
sccdule con-
summcs by
, subscril)etl
•d thereto.

[Colonial. 141. Dom. KHz., cxxvi, No. 36.]

THK NA.MES t»F THEM THAT III'. I,KFTE OWTE OF THIS LAST BIM,
AND THOSF, THAT liF, SKTT LKSSE IN THIS LAST UYLI, THEN
IN THK OTHER THESE NAMES FFOLLOINOE.

Thomas Ilandolpho
Jeffrayc Turvell
Jhon Dice
S" Lyonell Duckett
My Liidye Martyu .
Mathew P'felde
Hdnioiid Huggan .
Wyiliam Hiirroo
\Vy Ilium Ilarrvngton
Mvchc!! Locke

£ 8.

. 28 15

. 57

. 115

. 28 15

4«5()

s:j5'< 0"

U''

[Lansdoivne, xxx, No. 4, fol. 1:2. Colonial, 153.]

THE OFFER OF MICHAEL LOK FOR THE NORTHWEST KWK AT

DAHTFORD.

He requirethe to have lycense for iij yeares to serche for myneralls
by the patent made to William Ilumfrey or by the mynes Royall. And
libertye to work them at his pleasure at his owne charges, gyving ther-
fore V of the c, of the clcre gayne that shall grow therbye.

To have the use of the workhouses at Dartford for iij yeres, and
libertye to work the northwest ewr that is there at his pleasure, at his
owne charges.

To have a man assigned to be of his councell, aud take accouut under
hymn in all that shalbe done. And all the clere gaynes that shall grow
by this workes, he is content shalbe gyven to the jjayment of the debtts
owing by the <;onipanyc, for the northwest \oiages of Captaine Fur-
busher.

That he may have recompenses of the Royal Majestic for hib land
bought and recovered from hym, the which recompens he is content
shalbe emploied in these workes, to be repaid hym in account of the
workes, withall his owne travayll aad industrie.

That he have a protection of her Majestic for iij yeres, and a (luietiis
est of his accotintes, ami a clere discharge for all his bondes, and all the
debtes of the companve of the voiages of ('aj)taiii Furbuslicr.

A a2

356

STATK PArKKS SUHSEQUENT

That may have coiniuyssion to collect the goodes of the cora-

panye that lye scattered, and to recover the debtes owing to the com-
panye, and set downc what is owingo to them and to take account of the
state of the companye.

And after that he hath paid and sattysffied the creditors of the com-
panye for the debttes owing to them, he shall have frcelye the leasse of
the workhouses ;<*■ Dartford, with all the companyes interest therein.

A letter to be ^vrytten from my Lords of the Counsell uato the Com-
rayssyoners, to exarayne all the workmen for the addytaments used with
the northwest ewr, in the small sayes made in iVIeta Incognita, which
shewed clene gold.

Coi.^myssyoners.
Sir William Wyntar.
Sir W.lliam Pclham.
Mr. Thomas Randolphe.
Mr. Dyar.
Mr. Dee.
Mr. Yonge.
Mr. Ilogan.
Mr. Lok,
Mr. Palmar.

Workmen.
John Baptista Agnello.
Jonas Shutz,
Robert Denam.
William Humfrey.
lliimfrey Cole.

D. Burcot is deade.

T(i have
l.i'ller
s'lerty than
by self.

The VHllew
of the lesse
lo be
knoweii.

The excopt-
yiig all

lllllXI'
follllfl'

\_La7isdowne MS., xxx, No. 4, fol. 10. Colonial, 152.]
THE OFFKll OF MICHAEL I.OK.

All the northwest ewr brought home by Captayne Furbusher is
estemed xij' "^ tons.

For the which ewr Michael Lok shall paye v' the ton, which
amountethe vj'"' of money.

The first payment to begyn at the end of one yere, and then to pay
every monthe c' of money untill the vj"'' be payd.

And for suretye of this payment ho shall fyrsb receve 1 ton of ewr
uppon his owne bond, and afterward shall gyve suretye for the ewr as
he recevethe yt.

And he shiU have the whole leasse of the mylles and workhowsses at
Dartford, and benefyt therof in suche state as the same is taken of the
Quenes farraar, and as the same now ys.

lie shall have freelyo all the implements and furnyture for the workes
now beinge at Dcartford, and all the niyncralls and mettals that are
there being wroughte.

He shall have lycens for terme of the said leasse to serche and myne
for ewrs and myneralis in all groundes which are not already opened
and niyncil, and tlicrotit dygged the (juantyte of fyve ton of ewr within

the com-

unt of the

' the com-

e leasse of

herein,
the Coin-
used with

lita, which

llo.

■J

Irbusher is

[on, which

icu to pay

[on of ewr
Ithe ewr as

[lowsses at
<cn of the

the workes
that are

ind myne
[ly opened
\\\v within

TO THE THIRD VOYAGE.

357

all the Quenes Majesties domynyons, except the priviledges of the ""pde by

• »j--i 11* ■• Ti _il6r IMBj68iy

stannerie ot Cornwall tor their tyune ewrs, and the same ewrs and or by any
inyneralls to take and carye away and use at his pleasure, compoundyng genitori.
with the ownars for the hrekynge of their ground.

And, nevertheles, this Lycens shall not restrayne any other man to
serchc and dygge also for any ewrs and myneralls in "ny other place not
bcinge within fyve myles of the place that shalho dygged and followed
by vertew of this Lycens.

He shalbe clerely dyscharged and kept harmeles, ^uyet of all maner
debtes and deruandes of all men, for all the busynes of the Oompauye
done before this day.

The Qaenes Majestic shall have iibertie to take agayne into her handes
this grant and contract at the end of vij yeres, payenge and recom-
pensyng the charges done and doniage to be sustayned therebye by the
arbitremeut of vj indyffereut parsons.

iiiuiiey

Lansdoiviie MS.^ xxx, No. 4, fol. 11.

Or ells yf the forsaid offer be not lyke^I, then Michael Lok shall cause
to be wrought all the said northwest ewr, for the account and use of the
couipanye of venturars.

And shall make yt worthe v'* the ton at the least, and better yf yt
wilbe clere of almaner charges from hens forthe to be done.

And the company of venturars shall ^jve hym the awcthoritie to
governe, command, and direct all the workes.

And shall pay hym x" a day for his owne charger, and traviyll, out of j-jig (-„„,
the sayd valew of the ewr. And shall ])rovyde a stok of money iiij''.£, to !'""'' '^*'''
buye and provydc addytamcnts and to begyn the workes. And shall i"ii«h
appointe a man to be of counsell of his doinges and to kepe the money
and to take thaccounts daylye of all that passethe.

And he shalbe clerely dyscharged and kept quyet of all maner debtts
and demandes of all men, for all the busynes of the companye done be-
fore this day.

And after that all this northwest ewr is wrought as aforesaid, Michael
Lok shall have the state and right of the said leasse of the sayd mylles
and workhowsses at Dartford for the rest of the yeres therein then to
come.

And allso the Lycence to serchc and myne and work all ewrs and
myneralls as aforesaid, duringe the rest of the yeres of that leasse for
his owne account and use, payeng to the Queues Majestic fyve shillinges
money for every tonne of ewr that shalbe dygged and melted by vertew
therof.

358

STATE PAPERS SUHSEQUKNT

Colonial, 104. Dom. KHz., cxxvi, No. 47.

18 NOVEMBKIS, 1578. VN OFFER THEN MADE AT MOSKOVY
HOUSE BV .TONAS SUTE BEFOKE M" FEILD, M" LOCK, AND

ANDREW PALMER.

A tonne of ewer

vj« of copper rcnjuisite from Keswicke

Of lead, i'-wt .

Of lead ewer, vi*^"'

Wood for roste, di (2owt) mt ? (500)

Coles for meltinge

Fft-es and wages a tonne

Ffor extraordinaiy charges

Sum, xiij'i xv»
Hereof Jonas will deliver gold and silver nctt to the valewe of xxiij'' xv
Indorsed. j\Ir. Palmers note touchynge Jonas offer abowt Furbishers
cwre. ISiii Nov., 1578.

viij"
xx«

x»

xxiiij'
v»

XX(

xx»

xvj»

Colonial, 103. Bom. Miz., cxxvi, No. 34.

ALL THE 8'1'OK OF THE VENTURERS IN ALL THE IIJ VOYAGES.

Sum of all the stok of

all the veuturars.
For the first voyage, anno 1570
For the second voyage, anno 1577
For wagys at retorne therof
For byldinges at Dartford

All the ^ . I Michael Lok and

venturars. ^ '^ ^^^ \ his children.

£875 . . £100

, £4275 . . £1075

£1030 . . £225

£1105 •. . £260

For the third voyage, anno 1578 £6952 10s.
Forfraight&wagysatretornetherof, £3347 lOs.

Sum .
For the second rate of fraight

. £17585
. £2575

. £1755
. £845

. £4270
. £650

Sum all . £20160 . . £4920

And note that of the forsaid summe of £4270 of his venture, the

Erie of Oxford became partner w"' him for £2000 in suche order and

maner as hym sclfe was and is venturar.

And over and besydes the said summe of £4920 of his venture

Michael Lok dyd pay of his owne purse for the furnyture of the first

voyage £700, whichc was restored to him in account of the second

voyage.

TO TlIK I'lUKl) VOYAfiK.

359

And he dyd also paye of his owiie purse, fui- the fiirnyturc of Kccoud
voyaj^e, i,'4()0, whiche is now hitulye repaid iiyni in accounlt.

And he did also pay of his ownc imr.se, for fiitnyture of the third
voyage and hyldyng at Dartford, i)7U(), whichc is uowo latelyc repaid
hym in accountt.

And, more over, he hathe taken great payncs and travayll, and l>yn
att very great charges and expenses in doinge the con)j)anies husynos in
all these iij voyages, and hathe not yet charged anye of his acconnUcs
withe one penye for the same, kuowinge that the vcuturars wyll ton-
syder of it withe reason.

And now, Michael Lok havinge done all the |)reiny.s!<es in sarvyce nf
her Ma''^ and the venturars, he is opeulie sclandered hy Captaine Fm-
liusher thus to be : —

A false accountant to the companye.

A cossener of my L. of Oxford.

No venturer at all in the voiages.

A hankerot knave.

Wherfore most huniblyehe hesechelheyo' Lordships to direct yo' letters
unto the commyssioners of the husynesand the awdito"* of his accounttes
to certyffye yC Lordships wUat he hathe done in the i)remys8es.

OYAGES.

\_Coloii\al \-l-Z. iJont. Eliz.^ cxxx, No. 17.]

THE AlUTSES OF CAI'lAYN rUlllil'SHKK AfiAYNST TlIK ( (I.M I'A.N Y K.

AN« 1578.

In the first voyage he brought home by chaunce a stoane of riche
cwre, and being examyned by S'' William Wynter, ls\^' Randall, IVl'' llogan,
and the rest of the Comissioners, what quautitie was to be had, he said
that in that countrie was iuoughe therof to lade all the Queues shippes,
and promised to lade the shippes of the seconde voiage ther w"'all,
wheruppon tiic seconde voiage was prepared, and coniyssion geven him
to bringe of the same. And Jonas, Uenhaui, and Grigorie, were sent
with him for the same ; but he jjcrformed nothinge at all, & brought
not so muche as one stoane therof ; for ther was none to lade, as Jonas
and the rest do witnes, but laded the ships w^' other myues founde by
chaunse.

In the seconde voyag he retorned the shipps laden w"' stoanes of
strainge cwr found by chaunce there, saingc they were of gold myne
worth iiii"" poundes a tonne, w«'' is not yet so founde ; and also he
l)rought some stoanes of redde ewre and yellow ewer of Jonas mount,
verye riche of gold, as 1). Burcot witnessed, and the stoanes arc yett to
be seen. And prouii.scd to the coniissioneres that ther was muuntaynes
therof, and he would lade all the .--hiijpcs thcrw'l'al in the thirde voiage,

N.I. I.
Till; t'wr

|lll'lll.VKI'll
WltH IKll

No. 2.
The Bwr
|ii'ouiiaeil

\MIS ml

bruuijlu.

STATK PAIMCRS SUBSKQUKNT

Wtllollt

cuiiiisHiuii

No. 4.
He woiiM
uot pliicu
C, Keiitoii
thert).

wheriippon tho thirdo voiage was prepared w"' so great chardg ; hut ho

lirought home not one stoane therof afterwards that is yet found.

No. s. lu the thirde voiaije he prouiisod to hide all the shipncs w"' the cwr

oiH Hiiippes ui Jonas mount, uud other so riche cwre as tlic Lest ot the second

iin c mrgg. y^j^gg ^yj^^^ ^„J carried owt a noinhur of ships for that purpose, and a c.

men to inhabit there under culler of the Frencho mens preparacon to

that countrie, and be.sydes the nomher appoyuted to him i)y the Comis-

li«ruiTieii sioncrs, ho carried mor 4 shippes and a c. uieu more for his owne pur-

!• iMPn." "" I'"' ^J) wii'out the knowledge of the Comissioners, wci» now rest uppon the

charge of the Companye, and he brought home those ships hiden

wi" none of the ewre that he promised, but w''' other strainge ewr, wher

he could fynd yt, w '' he said was better then the best that was brought

tho yeare befor, w"'' is not yt so found.

Also he promised to the Comissioners and had special! charge by
comissioue tirst to plant C. Fcntou and the c. men to inhabit in that
new land, wheruppon tho great preparacon wa,s^made ; but afterwards,
before his departure from London, he dislyked that euterprice, and
diswaded the same cullcrablie, and when he came there he would uot
heliie them therin one jote, uot so muche as for 50 men wherwithall C.
Fenton would hAve tarried there, he feringe that C. Fentons deedc
therin woulde dashe his gloryc, and because he toke the victualls of that
provicion to victuall his owne 4 shippes takcu wt'> him extraordinare,
w"'' went from hens unvictualled uppon his promisse made them to
victuall them, as Captayn Fenton and others witncs.
^.,, J lie promised and had oomission to send the two barks this yere to

li" """?*"" make some discoveric of the passage for Cathai, w"'' he niii^ht have

disoonrie of . .

paBsiige. douue ; but when he came at iMeta Incognita, he would do uothinge at

all therin as Ilawll & Jakmau wyteues, but made all his endevour to

lade his owne shippes, and the rest home agayne w"' cwre.

j,^ g lie hathe byn still verrie costlyc and prodigall in the furniture of

His owno ti^u shii)i)es and men for the voyage, and his owne men beinge shipped

men evell ^ J\ „ , , . , ■, • ., ,

oftieers in for officicres of the shippes have made verie great spoile, wast, and
nppes. pjjf^.^.g yf ^j^jj goods in the shippes, for the w'*' he must give account.

He did practyso to advaunce D. Burcot into the place of Jonas, &
mayntan Burcots false profFes made of the ewre, to theud he might be
sett on agayn in this third voyage, as the Comissioneres and Denham
canne witnes.

lie was sent to Bristowe to dispatche the ships, the Ayde on the thirde
iievitteliea voyage, wheriu he was made victualler of the shippe, for the whiche
AudV ' " sarvice he had money before hand, but he dide so evell vittell the same,
as whcras the Companye allowed him to vittell her w^'' fleshe 4 daye in
the weke, he sarved the men therof onlye 3 dayes, and 2 dayes in the
weke, and the rest of the weke w'lJ evill fishe, and that w'^ scarsctie
wherbyc raanyc of them died, as the men do reporte.

No. 7.
lie ninyn-
tiiyneil I).
IJiircott's
doings.

No. 8.

TO TIIR rillUn VOYAOK.

361

Ig ; hut ho

uud.

sv"' the cwr

the second
ISC, und 11 c.
2paracon to

the Comis-
i owne pur-
t iippon the
ships laden
;e ewr, wher
(vas brought

charge by
ibit in that
; afterwards,
L'rpricc, and
le would not
lerwithall C.
ntons deede
ualis of that
ctraordinare,
[ide them to

lis ycre to
might have
nothinge at
endevour to

furniture of
shipped
wast, and

account,
f Jonas, &

le might be

nd Denham

the thirde
the whiche

1 the same,
e 4 daye in
lyes in the

ti' scarsetie

lie was sent into the west countrie to provide the 120 niyners for the No. ;•.
voiage, fi)r whose furniture he receiveil money of the (!ompanye by fore ii„i,l.' in
hande, for their wags ^/:i4(J, and for their weapons /il2(), but therof he proviiton'*
paid these men uppon their wags, to some xx", to some xiii" iiii', and to
some nothinge the man, as the accounts declare. And what weaponcs
they had, or he for them, as yet is unknoune. But in the west countrie
is spreadc agrcat clamor that those mynarcs beinge prest by comLssione
many of them were afterwards chaunged by favour for showmakeres,
taylores, and other artificers, no workemen, and were furnished to see at
the charge of the townes and villages in manor of a subsedyc as it is re-
ported openlye.

He toke the shipe the Hallomoa of Weymoth, in the west countrie, No. in.

1.1 11 .• 1 • • 1 .• !• II »«• 11 H" like the

wii'out knowledge ot tlie comissionercs, tiy torce of Her Ma'""" gcnerall »\m,ye
comission to him geven, and therby caused the owner. Hew Randall, to comibBion.''
furnishe her, and to be with him in this sarvice of the thirde voyage, pro-
misinge hime victualls and other great matters, w'' he performed not,
as Hewe Randall dothe sayc.

He led all the .shipps this yere to a wronge place of Meta Incognita, n,,. ii.
throughe his obstinate ignorance, wherby they were all in great danger dHR^It''*'
to perrishe, as Hawll, Davis, and the rest of the shipps masters will "'I'l'" t<>
witnes. pince.

He, beinge at Meta Incognita, did refuse conference and counsell of No. 12.
all others, and said his instructiones, geven by her Ma''*** Honourable the coun-
Privic Councell, were but the device of Fenton and Lok, and never reade million'
by the Councell, though the'r hands were at the same, as Captayn
Fenton and the other captayncs, and Ilawell do witnes.

And when the shippes were mored salf in harbor in the countey of n^. jg.
Warwick- ^'ounde, where they should lade, and from whence they should f,'^ '""scJ

' "' ' •' the (jreHl

have departed orderlye, he beinge at Beares Sound, comaunded all the 'lisorder of

* , . , tlieKliip8

shippes (w'l'out anney advice or discretion) to come thether to take him retome
and his men in, w'='' place beinge no harbor, but wilde see, a storme of
weather happened w'=*' put all the shippes to see to save them selves,
wtii losse of all their boates and pynnesses, and other spoile, leavinge
him there behind them in the barke Gahriell. And so they came home
in suche disorder as is openlye knowne.

He is so arrogant in his governement, as Hawle, Jakman, Davis, nor No. 14.
the other of the masters wille no more take charge of ships under him, ga,^c"e!"
and so imperious in his doinges as some of the Comissioners are werie of
his company, and manney of the venturares mynded to medle no more
wth him.

He drew his dagger and furioslye ranne uppon Jonas, beinge in his «so. 1,5
worke at Tower hill, and threatned to kill him yf he did not finishe his ,"" '!'**
worke owt of hand, that he might be sett owt againc on the thirde »" Joims.
voiage, wheruppon Jonas did conseave so eavcU nature in him, that he

;{(>,•>

SI'AI K I'Al'KUS SUHSKQIKNT

Nn. Iti.
Ill' iln w
lii*- iliih'uiir
on r.

Kl'IltHII.

No. ir.

I.iilo

trowthn in
hi« Ulke.

No. IH.
He Hclnn-
ilori'il M.
I.'ik, Id lUe
uri'iti iloni-
HKc iil'ilie
I'liniiiHnje.

N(l. I!l.

Ilo |Ul|ll
Wli(,'t'H to

men iiKiuMHt

n<iinHun<l-

inpiil.

Nil. -Ml.

He lii'i>uv.'lu

tiiitii into

WHRBWtlloUt

order.

No. 'Jl.
'I'liH ni«n ill
tlio Aiidc
iiinke Mieiil
spojle.

No. Ti.
\\h hiith
not dixtri'
bitted the
o/i to th«
iiieu.

No. U3.

made a sollonipu vowo ho wuuld never go to sou iiny more wth him,
w'li hath hyn no small donmgo to the Comi>!iny in the ewro hrotigiit
lioiuo tlie thirdo vo^iij.;o.

Ho drew liis daj^cr on Cuptayno Kenton at Darteiord, tiiipon a inuirrel-
ouH humor, and woldo hauo mi.Mchcfcil him uppon the sodayno, yf
Mr. Pulham and others had not bine present.

He i.H so I'll!! of lyinp;c talko as no man -laye credit anyc thiiijj^o that
he doth Rpeake, and ho impudent of iiis tonge as liis best frindes are must
sclanndercd of him when he cannot have his willo.

He hath raysed hitcly such .sclannderous reportes against Mr. Lok,
and gcven suelie vehement false informficiones of iii'"//, and other greato
somes of money to remayne in his hands dew to the Company, to piiyo
the shipps fraights and mens wages, as hath well lykcd some of the
venturares, which hoaped therby to be forborne of the payment of their
owne parts of money dewe for that purpo.se, wherliy littell money cane
yett be had of them of the /(;3,40O dewe by them to dyscharg that dutye
wliiche hath caused the Company to spend mli of utonye in vayne, for
chardgs of the shippcs and men synes they came home, and by that
mcanea for lake of payment of their dewtyc, a schmderoiis rumoor is
spreade over all the realmc, to the great discredito of the Company.

lie did paye wages to the men of the shipe Thomas of Ipswichc for
V monthes, wheras the Comissioners did agree and ct.mannd to payc
them but for iiij monthes.

He bathe brought into wages of the Companye so many men, and
sucho men as he lysto, and many of them at suche wages as ho lyste,
w'l'out regard of their sarvyce or deserts wherof he is to gevc accouiitt
for that many of them are dead, and gone awayo.

He hath plased styll in the shippe Aijile, now in the Tames, a uomber
of men at the Companycs charges, wherof many are suoho disordered
men, bothe of their tonges and of their hands, as are the cause of moche
sclander to the Company, and great spoyle done in their shippcs, and yt
have but small dutye of wages owiuge to them, when their accounts
shalbe examined particulcrlie.

Ho receaved cli of mony by Her Mat'»« order, at retornc of the
socondo voiage, as of Her Ma''*^^ gyfte and reward to be distrybutcd
amonge the marineres and other men w'' sarved in that voyage, but no
distribution is made therof as yett, as tiie men doo complayne.

To conclude, yf his doinges in thes iij voyages be well looked into,
parchanse he wilbe found the most unjiroffitablc sarvanto of all that
have sarved the Companye thcrin.

e will liiin,
ro bruuglit

1 ;i i|iiiirrel-
oJiiyne, yj'

thiiigc that
les ai'o mobt

t Mr. Lok,
ither groiitc!
ny, to payo
OHIO of tlie
■lit of their
noiiey cauc
that dutyc
vayiie, for
u(l by that
i nnnoor is
npaiiy.
I>s\vifhc for
11(1 to jiayu

men, and

,s ho lyste,
c accouutt

a iiombcr

disordered

of mochf

l)es, and yt

Ir accounts

ne of the
listrybuted
i, but no

[oked into,
If all that

1(1 THK llllltl) V()VA(iK.

nVyS

•JlIK S(I,AN1)K.K()U8 CLAMOKH Ol' CvrTAINK HJKIH.srillt A(iAINST

..IICUAEL IA)K. Id78.

lie hntiie made falne accountts to the (Jompanyc, and lialhe cusMeiied
them of iii"'/i' of money.

He bathe cosscncd my Lord of Oxford of ni^t".

Ho bathe not one grotc of venture in these voiages.

lie is a baukerot knave.

THK AN9WKK8 OF MICHAKI. I. OK.

All these forsaid clamorH are proved to be false sclanders, aswell l>y
the new awdyto made of M. Lok.s aecoiintts as alt^o by tiie o|icii know-
ledge had of all his tloiiiges certiffied to Her Ma'^''"* Honorable Privie
Councell.

And now, yf any evell successo should happen in the work of the ewr
now layd at Dartford, w'' I trust shall not happen, yet wear not that
to be imputed anyc waycs unto M. Lok, whose innoccntie therein is
j)rovcd by his great goodes beinge ij'uvi'^i of money bestowed and ven-
tured tberin, and by tiic tcstimonie of the Comyssioners eertifheiigc the
first proffc of the work made in the second voiage, but rather yi' any
such myschyef should happen, w^^'' God forbyd, the same wear to bo
layed on Captainc Furl)usher, whose great abusscs tberin are before de-
clared, and on Jonas and Dciiani, l)eing the workmen therof, as men who
have byn the fyndars and l)ringars of that ewr w''' is brought, and
causars of the cost bestowed for the fetchingc and workinge of the same,
and on them the same wearo to be punished sharplic, but I trust no
suche cause shalbc gyven.

1578.

Tin; AIIUSSKS (II' CAl'TAYNK I'U UHUSII KK A(;AINsT 1 II !•.

CUM VAN IE.

; r

}'■■

)

'^ \

A DKSCRtl'TIVK CATAr.OOUK
OF

KELICS

01"

FKOKISIIER'S EXPEDfTfONS

'HE ARCTTC REGIONS IN THE YEARS U7i).7.H,

DiaoOVEKED IIY

Mn. CHARLES F. HALL, op Cincinnati, U.S.A.,

WHILR ON AN

TO Till.; umnsii peopj.i.; '>"mm>

THROUOH THK KOYAI, OEOCttAPHICAT. 80C.KTV ,.r r.ONDON.

DKSCRIPTIVE CATALOfiUE

Note. The references by letters followinq description in tin. r',„r.U
are to the accompanying map of Kod-lu-narn. ^ ''^'■^"'

n, small map of Kod-lu-narTi ^ «!o;^ u "'^ |^<Jt> lu narn.* (Vide

^.^A^I. Round box containing several stones cen.ented together with

A 2. Stono and lime cement.
A 3. Ditto.
A 4 Ditto.
A .">. Ditto.

A 6. Two stones, lime cement (one of these wi^, ,po..s .... if ed^e)
A /. Two stone.s, and lime cement. ' " ''

A s. Ditto.

A 9^ stone and lime cement, moss upon its upper surface.
A 10. Small round Imx containing lime conent-fll„. ,
ments of tiJr. '•• ^^'-10111—1111,1 ,s'.,nes and frag-

All. i?ame as a 10.

A 12. Lime cement and huint Hint stone.<!.
A 13. Stone, and lime cement.
A 14. Four small stones, and lime cement.

* Kodlunarn is ,he C unfs of Wanick Yland of th. .,,.

.308

nKS(;RlI'TIVK CATALOGUK

A 15. Stone, and lime cement.

A 16. Ditto.

A 17. Lime cement, partly reduced to powder-Hint.

A 18. Lime cement, mostly reduced to powder.

A I'J. .iimo cement, burnt Hint stones, oxidu "^r iron, fragment red
Htone.

A 20. Lime cement and small stone.

A 21. Thrje pieces lime cement.

A 22. Lime cement with small stone.

A 23. Three pieces lime cement.

A 24. Powdered lime cement with burnt flint stones.

A 25. Stone, and lime cement.

A 26. Thick moss with lime cement at its base, stem of dwarf willow
in the moss.

A 27. Sod and dwarf willow (in large box by itself), fDm over the
foundation wall of house of lime and stone.

B 1. Seuiisphere of iron, found under east embankment (o) of ship's
trench (a a). The exact spot where I found this at f.

B 2, Sand that was fast cemented to bottom of it 1 by oxide of iron.

(J 1. Stone covered with black afiQss of ages found on one of the em-
bankments (o «) of the ship's trench (a a).

2. Same as c 1.

c 3. Ditto.

c 4. Ditto.

c 5. Three .stones from ship's embankments (o o).

c 6. Two stones from ship's embankments (a a).

c 7. Same as c 5.
*c 8. Twelve stones from reservoir embankments (c).

c 9. Small stone with white moss, from reservoir embankments (c).

c 10. fcimall stone with black moss of ayes, from ship's embankments
(ao).

ell. Four stones from ship's embankments (a o).

c 12. Small stone with black moss of ages, from ship's embankments

(G C).

c 13. Two stones with black moss of ages, from ship's embankments
(o o).

c 14. Two stones ; one, quartz, has upon it a spot of black moss of
ages.

c 15. Stone with black moss of ages, from reservoir embankments (c).

16. Stone with black moss of ages, from reservoir embankments (c).

c 17. Three stones from ship's embankments {a a).

ginent red

varf willow
tn over tiio

a) of ship's
le of iron,

of the em-

lents (c).
Ihaukments

Dankmeuts

taukments

Ik moss of

Imcnts (c).
pents (c).

OF FROBISUKR KKFJCS.

369

18. Two stones from ship's eml)ankiiient3 (o «)•
c 19. Stone from ship's emlmnkiuents (o o).

D 1. Lony box — wood, dug out of base of ship's trench (a a).
D 2. Same as D 1.
D 3. Same as D 1.

D 4. Sand and wood dui; out of base of ship's trench (a a).
Note. Frobisher left the timber of his intended fort on the "Coun-
tess of Warwick's Island." Vide Ilakluift, p. 91, vol. o, edition of KiUO.*

Note. The hi.story of Frohisher^s Second Voijage as written l/i/
Oeoi-ije Best, in referring to the natives (Esquimaux) building their
" poor caves and houses which serve them for their winter dwellings,"
says, " From the gtouiid upwards they build with whales' bones, for
lack of timber, which, bending over one another, arc handsomely com-
pacted in the top together, and are covered over with seal skins, which,
instead of tiles, fence them from the rain," etc. Pinkerton, vol. 12, p.
^^22. Is not this reference indirect proof that Frobisher had "tiles" as
covering for the house or " fort " which he took out with him in 1578 i

See "Notes framed by M. Richard Ilakluyt, of the Middle Temple,
Esquire, given to certain gentlemen that went out with M. Frobisher
in his north-west discoverie," wherein the word "tile" or "tyle" occurs
several times. Ilakluyt, p. ()3(i, edition 1589.

E 1. Fragments of tile ; some dug from under ship's embankments
(g o) and trench (a a), the rest picked up on same side of the island.
Two or three pieces of oxide of iron.

E 2. Fragments of tile, charcoal, sea-coal, flint stones, oxide of iron,
picked up on the island of Kod-lu-naru.

E 3. Fragments of tile, few pieces of charcoal, and oxide of iron.
Some of the tile dug up at ship's embankments ((i o), remainder picked
up oa the island.

E 4. Frag.jients of tile, few pieces of sea-coal, oxide of iron, slag, coke,
flint stones, small bone covered with moss, small stones. All picked up
on the island.

E u. Fragments of tile, flint stones, coke, sea-coal, charcoal. Some of
the tile dug up at ship's embankments (o a).

E 6. Fragments of tile, charcoal, small roots, dug up from the ruins
of blacksmith's shop. {() (d)

E 7. Fragments of tile, oxide of iron, sea-coal, picked up on the
island (Kod-lu-narn).

E 8. Fragments of tile dug up from ruins of blacksmith's shop. (?) (d)

• See pa{;;H 'll'-l.

370

DKSCRII'TIVK CATALOaUR

R 9. Three fra<;ment8 glazed tile dug from under ship'n embankments |

(fl .').

E 10.

Two fragments same as e 9.

E 11.

Nine fragments same as e 9.

K 1'2.

Four fragments same as e 9.

E 13.

Two fragments tile and gravel stone united by moss.

K 14.

Two fragments tile with moss of ages upon them.

B 15.

Fragment tile and stone united by moss of ages.

E 16.

Same as e 15.

E 17.

Three fragments tile (two with glazing).

E 18.

Fragment of tile with moss.

E 19.

Fragment of tile.

e20.

Fragment tile and stone united by moss.

e21.

Fragment of tile found embedded in the coal deposit, etc.. on

Ek-ke-1

u-zhun.*

E 22. Fragments tile, sea-coal, flint stone, oxide of iron. All these
covered with the moss of ages. From that portion of Kod-lu-narn
between ship's trench (a a) and reservoir (c).

E 23. Ten fragments tile (nine glazed).

Note. Nos. 13 to 20 inclusive, from vicinity of ship's trench (a a).

F 1. Oxide of iron. Some pieces found in the centre as the nucleus,
the scales lying around. Found on the ground, most of it near the
head of the ship's trench (a a). Some at " Best's Bulwark" (e).

F 2. Large piece of coke, small piece of charcoal in one of the pro-
tuberances. Found on Kod-lu-narn.

F 3. Coke dug from under ship's embankments (a o).

F 4. Oxide of iron and gravel, found on the ground south-east side of
island at ii.

G.
u 1 . Lime stone found in Kod-lu-narn.

11 I. Sea-coal, coke, fragments of tile, oxide of iron, lime stone, small
piece of bone with moss upon it. All as picked up on Kod-lu-narn.

I 1. Burnt stones, charcoal, fragments of tile, dug up from beneath

ruins of blacksmith's shop. (?) (d)

r 2. Sod, with charcoal, from ruins of blacksmith's shop. (?) (d)

I 3. Fragments of tile, charcoal and earth from ruins of blacksmith's

shoj,. (?) (d)

* F,k-kelu-zliiiii is n Imv on ilii> east side of Countess of Warwick's Sound

Tibankinents

posit, etc., on

a. All these
Kocl-luiiiirn

ench (a a).

p the nucleus,
' it near the

of the pro-

-east side of

stone, small
lu-narn.

rem beneath

(?) (d)
blacksmith's

wick's Sound

OF lUOBISllliK KKLICS.

371

Note. Iu box marked j, velvet lined.

J 1. Fragment of tile and four gravel stones united by moss of ages.

J 2. Fragment of jiottery found near " Best's Bulwark " (e).

J 3. Small piece of cord, apparently of hair, found deeply embedded
in the coal deposit of Ek-ke-lu-zhun.

J 4. Four fragments glass, apjiarcntly of a jar or bottle, found on the
ground near ship's trench — the exact spot marked i.

J 5, Piece oxide of iron with moss of ages upon it, found near ship's
trench (a a).

J (i. Piece of wood dug up from base of ship's trench (a a).

J 7. Sea-coal, with moss of ages upon it, found near " Best's Bul-
wark " (e).

J 8. Piece of pottery found near " Best's Bulwark" (e).

J 9. Fragment white pottery, (?) black glazing outside and inside,
f mnd near ''Best's Bulwark" (e).

J 10. Choice specimen of tile, covered with moss of ages, from Kod-
lii-narn.

J 11. Sea-coal, covered with moss of ages, from coal deposit at Ek-ke-
lu-zhun.

J 12. Stone, covered with moss of ages, from top of ship's embank-
uieuts (a (i).

J 13. Flint stone, covered with moss of ages, found near the head of
ship's trench (a a).

J 14. Fragment of tile, glazed, apparently portion of human (i;,'uro
represented upon it: leg and foot in relievo. Largest piece of tile found.
Dug up from beneath one of the ship's embankments (o a).

J 15. Stone with lime cement from ruins stone house (b).

J IG. Probably one of the ears or knob-handles of an earthen jar.
From near " Best's Bulwark " (e).*

J 17. Flint stone, with moss of ages upon it.

J 18. Chip found deeply embedded iu coal deposit on Ek-ke-lu-zhun.

J 19. Burnt flint stone with lime cement, from ruins stone house (b).

J 20. Charcoal of coarse grained wood, apparently of thrifty growth,
found under stones and sods by the ruins of blacksmith's shop. (?) (d)
The grain of this charcoal indicates it to be from the same kind of wood
as that found at the base of ship's trench (a a). Vide Box n 1.

K 1. (In keg). Sea-coal, ilinl slmies, wood chips, fhe latter found
deeply embedded iu the coal. All iu this keg precisely as gathered from
coal deposit Ek-ke-lu-zhun.

K -2. Sod of moss with sea-coal.

* Sif put,'!' Un.

372

DKSCKirnVE CATAF-OOUK

K 3. Sea- coal overgrown with moss of ages.
K 4. Four pieces coal covered with moss of ages.
K 5. Three pieces coal and one of coke with moss of ages.
K 6. Coal with moss of ages upon it.
K 7. Three pieces coal with moss of ages upon them.
K 8. Small pieces of coal enveloped in moss.
K 9. Two pieces of coal with moss of ages upon them.
K 10. Siniill pieces enveloped in moss.
K 11. Two pieces coal with moss of ages.
K 12. Same as k 11.

K 13. Tliree very small pieces coal united by moss.
B 14. Fifteen bits of wood excavated from coal deposit.
Note. All the above from Ek-ke-luzhun, except coke in k 5, which
is from Kod-lu-narn.

h 1. Two pieces coal from Ek-ke-lu-zhun.

li '2. Coal from near " Best's Bulwark," (e) Kod-lu-narn.

Ti 3. Three pieces coal from Ek-ke-lu-zhun.

h 4. Same as l 3.

ii C). Five pieces coal from Ek-ke-lu-zhun,

For Ek-kc-lu-7,hun, vide Chart " Countess of Warwick's Sound."

M.
M 1. Sod with coal intermixed.
M 2. Two sods with coal intermixed.
M 3. Moss interlocking and covering coal.
M 4. Earth, first layer beneath coal.
M 5. Earth, second layer beneath coal.
M (i. Earth, third layer beneath coal.
Note. All under m from the island Ni-oun-te-ling.*

N. •
N 1. Flint stones found embedded in coal deposit on Ni-oun-te-ling.
X 2. Flint stones found embedded in coal deposit on Ek-ke-lu-zhun.
.V 3. Same as n 2.

1. Red stone found on top of the coal deposit on Ni-oun-te-ling.

i> 1. Two pieces iron pyrites from above Countess of Warwick's Sound.
V 2. Two pieces, apparently mineral (iron), "like to sea-coal," found
at Ek-ke-lu-zhun.

* Nioun-te-ling is a small island on the east side of the Countess of
Warwick's Sound.

1 K 5, which

3ouud."

In-tc-ling.
2-Iu-zhuu.

-te-ling.

i;k's Sound.
Dal," found

Countess of

OF KROBISHliK HKI.ICS.

373

Q 1. Walrus rib with heavy moss upon it. Another bone with moss,
ound on the Esquimaux Deserted Land (Frobisher's North Foreland).

R 1. Wood model of an anvil made by an old man Esquimaux named
An-na-vva, Oct. 15, 18G1. I have three other models of like fashioning
made by three Esquimaux, one apart from another. These, I am con-
fident, from Esquimaux traditions, are models of a relic of Frobisher's
expedition. Some six years ago the Esquimaux cast the anvil of which
those are models into the sea from point x of Oo-pung-ne-wing (see
Chart of Countess of Warwick's Sound), an island three miles distant
from Kod-lu-narn. I have endeavoured to recover it at lowest tides,
new and full moon, but the ice has probably carried it away. Only the
strongest Esquimaux could lift it.

s 1. (In small square box). Thick sod, grass, moss and coal and
flint stones intermixed. Loose coal, flint stones and sand put into the
box to fill up. Contents of this box gathered from coal deposited on
Ni-oun-te-ling.

Note.

About one ton coal at Ni-oun-te-ling.

NOTES.

In relation to sea-coal, Hakluyt, vol. 3rd, ed. 1598-1600, p. 91, has
the following : — " And the great cause of this leakage and wasting was
for that the great timber and sea-coal, which lay so waighty upon the
barrels, brake, bruised and rotted the hoops in sunder."

A truthful description of " Countess of Warwick's Sound."

Nine recognisable physical facts in a few words.

"The 29th July (1577), about five leagues from Bear's Sound, we
discovered a bay, which, being fenced on each side with small islands
lying off" the main, which break the force of the tides and make the
place free from any indrafts of ice, did prove a very fit harbour for our
ships, where we came to anchor under a small island, which now,
together with the sound, is called by the name of that right honorable
and virtuous lady, Anne Countess of Warwick. And this is the furtherest
place that this year we have entered up within the straights, and is
reckoned from the Cape of Queen Elizabeth's Foreland (Cape Resolution
of Resolution Island, C. F. II.), which is the entrance of the straights
not above thirty leagues." Pinkerton., vol. xii, p. 522.*

The Reservoir (?) or Frobisher's " Gold Diggings," vide c, small map
of Kod-lu-narn. Read Hakluyt, ed. 1589, p. 026.

" In this isle (Countess of Warwick's), our General (Frobisher)

374

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE.

thought good for this voyage to fraight both the ships and barkes with
such stone or gold mineral as he judged to countervail the charges of

his first and this his second navigation to these countries

It (stone or gold mineral) riseth so abundantly, that, from the beginning
of Aug. to the 22nd thereof (every man following the dilligence of our
General, we raysud above ground 2U0 tuune, which we judged a
reasonable fraight for the ship and two barks, in the sayd Anne
Warwick's Isle."

For what I recognise excellent descriptions of Bear's Sound (channel),
see Pinkerton, \ol. xii, pp. 521 and 555, and IlaLiuyt, ed. 1581), p. ()35.

Ek-ke-lu-zhun (where a coal deposit is) is about ten miles east of
Oo-pung-nc-wing.

Oo-puug-ne-wing and Ni-oun-te-ling are about three miles from
Kod-lu-uarn (Countess of Warwick's Island).

On the small map of Kod-lu-narn will be noticed E (Best's Bulwark).
At this point I found considerable oxide of iron, several pieces of
pottery and sea-coal.

In Pinkerton, vol. xii, p. 527, read the following : — " On Thursday,
the Dth Aug. [1577] we began to make a small fort for our defence in
the Countess's Island, and entrenched the corner of a cliff, which, on
three parts, like a wall of good height, was encompassed and well fenced
with the sea, and this was called Best's Bulwark, after the lieutenant's
name, who first devised the same. The above description of cliff (e) is
truthful."

C. F. HALL.

Sew York, Feb. 7, 1863.

barkes with
3 charges of

le beginning
;euce of our
e judged a
sayd Anno

i N D E X.

d (channel),
i«l), p. ()35.
tiles east of

miles from

s Bulwark).
1 pieces of

1 Thursday,
defence in
', which, on
well fenced
lieutenant's
cliff (e) is

. HALL.

Affnel, dPHcription of ore, 00. loo
Antrtrctic Pole, :17 ' ' •

Arrioles and orders to be observed by

Australia, description of. ;(()
W//rfc, inventory of the ship, 218

Baptista, trial of ore by, 05
Borowes, vo\a2e of, .'tO
Biircot, triaf of the ore, 170 1 74
TnT^'.o'!.'''''''''' °^ agreement with,

Jol, J ',1',) '

Cabotte, Sebastian, .t

Chancelor, Richard, .'lO

Columbus, 22

Cold repfions, temperature of. 60

Cortes Reales, 3

Cuba, no

Dennys barque sunk, 9:t(l

Eli/abelh, Queen, letter to Sir M.

I'rohisher, xxii
EnRlishmen,five,taken by the savages,

Equinoctial, climate of, 40, TiO
Ethiopians, ry.i, 55

Friesland described, 125

Frohis^ln^r, bis fitness for the voyage,

— — Rold chain given him by the
Queen, '22H

abuses of, 359

■ Ht'e of, xix

Oahrh-n, inventory of the ship, 92.1
Oen.Ie.nen names of the, who went
on^the first and second voyages,

Graunt from tiie Queen to the Com-
pany of Kath ay, ] 1 1

Houses, description of in Meta In-
(■of,'nita, |:)7

House buil.led on Countesse of War-
wick island, 272

Instruc tions for second voyafje, 117

~ -, third voyage, 212

rnventoneoftbeship^yrf^aiH

■ Gahriell, 228

Kathnyn, articles agreed to by tbo
Company of, 114 j ••■ t

Loadstone, account of, 20

Lok, Michael, account of first voyage,

—^memorial after second voyage,
— accounts, 325

Hail's island, discoverie of, m, 127
Hall, Mr. C. F.. relics of Frobisher'.s

voyage, xiv, ;Jfi7
Hatton, Sir C, dedication to, 17

Msps and nautical instruments, bill

Mnriners- demand for their payment.

Medicines supplied to the first voy.

Meta Incognita, name given bv the
Queen, 22(1 ^

description of the people nn.l

country, 28(t '

Moscovia, early voyages to, .*)0, 40

Orders to he ol.served by the Com-

pnny in Jleta Incognita, 2r)(!
Ore. how it was first found, 75, 01 ')•)

~174"l'i"'^"*^'°'' ''''^"'"' ''°^'''^*'' ^'l'

soodnesse of, 102

~lo8''*2oT' '" '"Siting down, 105,

Postillus Gulielmus, account of the
role, .15

Persia, voyage to, 42

Queen Elizabeth's Foreland, discovery
ol, /2, 82 •'

INDKX.

SavaKO flrHt taken, 74, Hit

flrHt moi'ting with, H'i

description of, H7

death at liriHtol, 180

description of woman, 100

Tropics, grcutt>8t lieat in, 68
Tw.vlights under the I'ole, (10

Variation of the needle, .'10
Veniurars names in second voynge,

107

■ in goodcH come home after

second voyage, 103

Venturars, in bnthe voyngis. 1 01
Voyage, furniture for Hrsi, ■; 1
cost of ditto, 1 IT)

107

— (tecond, coste and phargi', 103
account of money for third,

clinrgcH of, '^10
account of, 'ii!>
Sellmaii's account of, 200

WiliouRhhy, Sir Hugh, :10, .'10
Woman, tuiiing of tlie savage, 1411

ZoneR, description of Ave, 44

T. UtCIIAllIiS, rniNTEB, 37, OT. QVKKN STEKKT.

Hrst, U

liri

and phHrgc, infl

loney for third,

mit of, i»(K)

, 30, 30

ravage, 1 »;)

ve, 44

CWALMINGIIAM

WESTWGLAND
/ OHM • 07EST f RISJKL AND

J QVEN ELL FOR LAND ^;- "^

S STREIGHTS

«V/)*%^^

JGHTES

nv.

SOVTH