IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 i.l 1.25 |45 ■10 1^ 1^ 2.2 2.0 1.8 JA IIIIII.6 V] c ^V"/ ^l // y /!^ «^ <^ \\ '^ V 6^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical Notes / Notes techniques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Physical features of this copy which may alter any of the Images in the reproduction are checked below. n n Coloured covers/ Couvertures de couleur Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqudes Tight binding (may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin)/ Reliure serr6 (peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure) L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. 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A coinpfirisoii of i\\v st;itistics <»f the oonsmnption of liquor.s in the Dominion of (';ui;i(l;i for fi term of yoar.s sliows : A consideraMo (lecroase in the amount of sitirita consumed ; A threat increase in the cojismuption of malt liquors ; And practically li tie change with rei^ard to wines, in which how- ever there are no rcturn.s of the lart,'e and constantly increasing' native jjroduct. The figures for the peri(»(l 1881 to 1891 are as f<.llows :-■ Year. 1881 1882 188!} 1884 1885 188(5 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 The consumption of liquors hy the [)e()ple of the diflerent nations is j^iven in Mulhall's '' Dictionary of Statistics" as follows: (gallons per inhabitant reduced to alcohol). Spirits. Malt LiqiiDVS \Vi IH> •■ .922 2.293 099 1.009 2.747 120 1.090 2.882 135 .998 2.924 117 1.120 2 039 109 .711 2.839 110 .741) :}.084 .095 .()45 3.247 094 .770 3.203 097 .88:5 3.300 104 .743 3.790 111 United Kiui^dom France (Germany Russia Austria Italy . . . . Spain Portugal . . Sweden Norway . . Gallons. 1.9 3.5 2.2 0.0 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.3 2.0 ' (lallons. Denmark 1:8 HoUiiua . . • .... 2.0 Belgium • " 2.0 Switzerlaiul • . • • .... 1-0 Ronnumia . . • • ' " 1.5 Servia ' ' 1.2 United States . • 1 q Rouniania stand lowest on the bst. Alleged '' Growing " Evils of Intemperance. The alloi'ation is tiifide that intempuninco in the use of lifjuor is ;i "m-owiiiject Iteini,' to imiu'ess upon the Mjinds of the people the idea tliat under a hcence law drunkenness is constantly upon the increase, whereas should prohii)ition prevail this offence wouhl he wiped out. Statistics prove exactly the con- trary. The fcdlowinjj; table shows the total convictions for dru!iken- ness, for the Dominion of Canada from 1881 to 181)15, per 1,(K)0 of pojKilation : Year. 1881 1882 188a 1884 1885 188() 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 Conviction! . . 2.21 2.(ja . 2.89 2.22 . . 2.49 2.45 . . 2.53 2.74 . . 2.94 2.94 . . 2.69 2.35 . . 2.35 The average for the first five years was 2.49, for the second five years, (which includes the great Scott Act periiul) 2.72, for the ten years 2.01, and for the last three years 2.4(>. Portions of the Dominion however are, or have heen, under proliibition enactments, A comparison between Ontario UTider licence law, and New Brunswick almost entirely under prohibition will ffive an accurate statement of the residts as between the two policies. The iigures (convictions for drunkenness per 1,000 of population) are :•- Year. Oiit.iirio. New P.ninsAVick. 1881 2.77 .S.51 1882 2.85 4.21 1883 .'i.K) 4.75 1884 2.;J() 4.'3i\ 1885 2.9;{ 4.04 1880 2.70 4.01 1887 '»00 :{.14 1888 ;J.22 :i.55 1881) :5.40 4.34 1890 ;112 4.85 181)1 2.:J5 5.0(; 181)2 1.85 4.01 , 181)3 1.75 4.24 The Jiveni^e for Ontario for the lir.st five years was 2.71), f»»r tho second live years (which iiichidcil the Scott Act period for that province) 3. 10, and for the lasl three yeiUfi 1.1)8. The averaire for New Brunswick for the first five years was 4.18, for the second five years 3.1)7, for the lasr three years 4.44. Prince Edward Island totally under prohibition had an average, takinji; the same terui of 2.43 for the Hrst five years, 2,81 for the second live years, and 2.57 for the last three years, considerably in excess of Ontario undcu' licence law. Finally a coiu.MHrison l)etween the Uominion of (-anada mainly under licence law, antl the Stat(! (tf Maine under jirtdnhition, will prove a fruitful source of information. Complete returns, thouj^h available foi' C^anada are not to be had from Maine, but the figures for certain cities and towns in the two territories are to lumd and are sutiicient for the purpose. Those given below are for the year 1892, the latest availal)le, and are the arrests for drunkenness [)er lOOO of population • - |)OMlM(».\ OF ( ANADA. .\rrGst8 for I'lace. ropulation. DnnikemieBs i)er 1000 of population. Montreal ... 225,000 11.30 Toronto 190,000 19. 19 • ' Quebec 04,000 f 7.68 ) — Hamilton 50,000 .. 7.13 ,. • •■.fr*. ,ck. for the )!• that IS 4.18, vorage, for the ably in Place. Population. Ottawi 40,000 Guelph n^OOO St. Thomas 11,000 Peterboro 10,000 Woodstock -SOOO Owen Sound «,000 Berlm «,000 STATK OV MAINE. Portknd 37,000 Lewiston 22,000 Banjror 20,000 Biddeford 15,000 Auburn 12,000 AuL'usta 11,000 Bath 9,000 Rockland 8,000 Watervillo 8,000 Saco 0,000 riardiner «,000 Arrests for PinnkennoRS per 1000 of Population. 8.03 G.95 3.01 8.20 4 25 6.66 0.00 23.58 11.89 48.50 22.74 10.96 10.27 21.00 35.35 0.98 9.02 40.07 ni;vinly >n, will though liiiures and are ir 1892, 1000 of ts for 1 ■ uess per { ■ pulutiou. -4 m 30 J 1 19 - ' I 1 08 ■!..■-.; 1 f ":■ 13 .,.;.- i 1 -A-r> - .'^?:-i a^' l:'' i! Criminal Statistics. Spejikinji; in tlie Pavilion, Toronto, on 8un(l;iy afternoon, Janu- ary 17tli, J 897, with Hon. Senator George A. Cox in the chair. Rev. Dr. A. B. Leonard, missionary secretary of the M. E. Church South, made tiie statement that the liquor tnittie was resj)onsil)le for 1)0 j)er cent, of the crime committed, and that Prohibition, hy doinj^ away with the liquor traffic would al)«»lish 90 per cent, of the criminal pop- ulation. The ofiicial records auq)ly disprove Dr. Leonard's wild state- ment. Prince Edward Island, off by herself in the Gulf of St, Lawrence, under total prohibition for the Island, increased her cinivictions for breach of the lii^uor laws fron* 4 in 1880 to 90 in 1891, and in- creased the committals for drunkenness from 260 in 1880 to 311 in 1891. The only thing P.E.I, did not increase was hdv p(»pulation, which practically remained stationary. Nova Scotia, with Prohibition everywhere outside the city of Halifax, but with o[)en sale in many of the Civilities, increased the convictions for breach of the liquor law from 55 in 1880 to 118 in 1891, drunkenness 677 to 6.?5. New Brunswick, the banner Prohibition province, increased the convictions for breach of the liquor laws from 36 in 1880 to 245 in 1891, and the convictions for drunkenness from 850 to 1628 in the same period. Quebec which is claimed to be from one-third to one-half under Pro hibitioii, luid 339 convictions for breach of the liquor law in 1880 and 434 in 1891 ; drunkenness 1,348 in 1880 and 4,199 iu 1891. Now take Ontario, which is all under license law. In this province the convictions for breach of the liquor law were 1,089 in 1880 and 1,220 in 1891, but in 1886 under the Scott Act they weii3 1646, in 1887 under the Scott Act 2,664, and in 1888 under the Scott Act 3,108, dropping,' to 1,982 in 1889 when the Scott Act went out, and to 1,131 the following year. Convictions for drunkenness in Ontario ^ere 5,282 in 1880 and decreased to 4,973 in 1S91, but in the Scott Act *i? 4 years the figures \\ere : 1884-4,094; 1885-5,808; 1886--o,453 ; 1887-0,200; 1888—0,033; 1889—7,059. Mjinitoba convictions for 1 (reach of the liquor license laws decreased from sixty-two in 1880 to eleven in 1891, and convictions for drunkenness from 525 in 1881 to 518 in 1891. N(nv to he apeoitic. The follo\vin<^ tables give the total con- victions for all offences and crimes in the provinces ((f the Pominion from vhich accurate statistics are obtainable and between which comparisons can l»e instituted. The figures are for the years 1881 to 1893 inclusive, and are the per centages of convictions per 1,000 of population : — rUOVINCE OF ONTARIO. Year. Convictions. 1881 8.87 1882 8.97 1883 9.00 1884 8.21 *1885 10.04 *1880 . . . *1S87 .. .. *1888 . . . *1889 .. .. 1890 . . . 1891 .. .. 1892 . . . , 1893 .. .. * Scott Act period. 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 II PROVINCE OF QIEBEC 9.49 10.12 11.19 10.85 10.10 9.17 8.00 8.06 4.73 4.88 4.81 4.43 5.12 5.52 5.94 6.34 0.51 6.98 7.22 10 Year. Convictiors. 1892 6.98 1893 0.43 PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. 1881 3.60 1882 2.93 1883 3.27 1884 3.19 1885 3.82 1386 3.46 1887 2,83 1888 2.68 1889 3.06 1890 3.29 1891 .. .. 3.28 1892 3.68 1893 4.3i PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 1881 5.78 1882 7.09 1883 8.00 1884 7.63 1885 6.97 1886 6.77 1887 5.78 1888 6.44 1889 6.99 1890 8.08 1891 7.90 1892 7.05 1893 7.54 PROVINCE OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 1881 4.83 1882 4.71 1883 4.86 1884 4.83 1885 6.40 1886 6.03 1887 4.67 1888 4.30 1889 4.90 11 w '*!4 Your. 1890 1891 1892 188,3 Couvictions. 4.37 . . 5.08 5 28 . . ^2^ MAINK AND ONTARIO Tho following tiiblo gives the total coimnittmeiita for crimu per 1000 of population, in the State of Maine and the Province (»f ()ntari(» for a term of years : — Year ^Tuiue. 1888 5.17 1889 0.00 1890 1891 5.73 5.53 {Ontario. 0.05 0.03 5.03 4.92 4.22 1892 5.(52 The ratio per 1,000 of populatit)n of the prisoners in couunon Ijails in Ontario and Maine at the end of the years given was :-- Year. 1891 1892 1893 Inmates of Reformatories were Year. 1891 1892 Mnii'e. 0.57 0.00 0.8(> Maine. 0.255 0.244 Oiifario.- 0.42 0.37 0.37 Ontario. 0.145 0.130 These statistics not only show the absurdity of Dr. Leonard's stateaient, but they prove that where a liberal licence law prevails criminality decreases, whereas under a law such as that of Nova Scotia or New Brunswick or Maine, criminality increases, and that the ratio of crime is greater iii the prohibition territories and states than it is in the licence province of Ontario, I'l^ilt Pauperism. I '\ Rev. Dr Leonard on tlie occasion previously allurled to, charged the Liquor Traffic with being responsible for 75 per cent of the paupers, and claimed that Prohibition by doing away with the Liquor Traffic would reduce pauperism 75 per cent. Let us see how far the known facts warrant the Rev. (gentle- man's assertion : — Ontario's statistics. The committals for vagrancy in the Province of Ontario for the years mentioned were as follows : — Year. Committals. 1881 1,580 1882 1,449 1883 1,554 • 1884 2,130 .1885 2,445 1886 2,243 1887 2,192 1888 2,301 1889 2,164 1890 1,958 1891 .. 1,877 1892 1,775 1893 1,665 1894 2,125 1895 2,261 The Scott Act period from 1884 co 1889 tells its own story. Prior to that measure of Prohibition the pauperism was comparatively light, during its continuance there was a startling increase, when it went out a constant and marked decrease, until the business stagna- tion of the last two years sent many a person to the alms-house who otherwise would have been a producing citizen. ■lii churged of the Liquor (4entle- riviu for Is. li 8tory. firatively when it 3 stagna- )use who 13 .; / . UNITED STATES STATISTICS. . , i The last United States census returns, for the North Atlantic jiifroup of States, gives the followirjjt; ratii^ of paupers per 1000 of |)opulation : — i:,»!; i ,,. / Maine 1.76 New Hampshire 3.03 .; ,: Vermont 1.03 ^ Massachusetts 2.11 Rhode Island 1.41 '^' Connecticut . . . 1.92 , . New York 1.71 New Jersey 1.88 ' " . Peiinsylvauia 1.64 ' ' • ' The first three states are under Prohibition, and the fourth under partial Prohibition. These should, according to Dr. Leonard, have 75 per cent, less paupers than the remaining fi.e states. Taking the seven Prohibition States that existed as such at the time of the taking of the census, and seven license states as nearly as possible, similar in population and situation ; the first group com- prising Kansas, North Dakota, Iowa, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Vermont and Maine; and the second group : Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Mississippi, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and Nebraska, the ratio of pau[)ers in almhouses shows as follows : — Prohibition States 0.986 License States 0.818 ■ ' ''• In Kansas the proportion of paupers in almshouses per million of population was in 1880—356 ; in 1890-416. Prohibition was I adoiite I in 1880. In Iowa the proportion of pauuers in almshouses per million of population was, in 1880-717 ; in 1890—848. Prohibition was adopted in 1883. • ■ ' ' " " REGARDING POPULATION. The poverty or wealth of a State or Province can be tested by its increase of population as' compared with surrounding States or Provinces. Men do not flock to a poverty stricken district nor do they remain at home to starve. fi; 14 The increases in populatiiMj in the eastern Cnnadijin Provincjs, «l»nin<< the last censiiH decnJe were : - Per Cent. Prince Ell wardlslaTKl 0.18 Nova Scotia 2.25 New BrunsvNJik 02 Quebec 9.53 Ontario J). (55 The p(i]>ul:ition of Maine increased in the decade exactly 2 pea* cent., N'.nv Hampshire, a fraction less than 2 percent., and Vermont hatl the inagniticent total increase of exactly 13f) living- persons. These are the smallest increases of any of the States. Kansas increased her population between 1870 and 1880, 173 |)er cent., between 1880 and 1890 but 43 [)er cent., and according to the State returns there was an actual fallinu off in the last two years of 91,450. Iowa i>icrease(l her population between 1870 and 1880, 3r).0(> per cent., in the last census decade only 17 .fiB per cent. Not only so but twenty-seven c(»unties considerably decreased between lh80 and 18t)[). Illinois increased three times as much as Iowa, Wisconsin went ahead of her by nearly 100,000, Minne.sota's inci'ea.^e was about douV)le that of Iowa, wicked Missouri's inore than double, while BOO,- 01)0 people travelled across Prohibition Iowa to get into licensed Nebraaka. IN(;REASE OF INDUSTRIES. The industrial side of the <)uestion has its bearing u[»ou the p()V- erty of a people, and indicates very clearly whether or not the Liipior Traffic has an adverse influence u[)on the possibility of a man earning a living. The census returns show the position of the Provinces toward each other in respect to industiial establishments and em- ployees for 1881 and 1891 as follows :-- No of Establisbments bntarlc. . 23,058 32,028 Quel)ec 15,848 - --f- 23,110 Nova Scotia 5,459 . ..„., 10,372 New Brunswick '. . , 3,117 .,: .,. 5,419 Other Provinces 2,441 ' " '"'"-'^ 4,83() J,^ 15 Employees. POVHK'iJS, f 1881 181U Ontario 118,308 165,^.35 Mt. : Quohec 85,073 11(>,4H7 ' NovH Scotiu 20,390 34,250 New liiunswick 19,922 26,009 Prince Edward Island 5,707 7,900 Manitoba 1,921 4,375 British Columbia 2,871 11,473 tlv 2 per The increases in the number giv ; employment were • — Vermont JJ'"""" J • • ^^^^ Quebec 30,794 Pt^^'sons. . Nova Scotia 13,800 New Brunswick 0,087 ]73 per Prince Edward Island 2,139 ^ .1 Manitoba 3,454 ^^ British Columbia 8,002 ^ ' How cornea it that no Prohibition State has within its borders a city worthy of the name ^ This is a fact. No State or Provnice in ■ ' North America enjoyins; the blessnigs of Prohibition has a city of ^ 40,000 inhabitants except in Nova Scotia, Halifax, which was built up under license law. St. John, New Brunswick, much as that bright little city has struggled, lost in population instead of gaining during the last census decade. Frederiction has been stationary ever since she has had Prohibition, and even Moncton, which grew while openly defying the law, has now been struck by the general stagnation. Meanwhile, Toronto doubled her population m ten years, Montreal added about 100,000 to hers in the same length of time, and big cities are growing up in the west. Maine has Portland with less than 40,000, but when a licen.se State is struck, there is Boston with 450- 000. The most striking example is Iowa, with such paltry towns as Des Moines, Dubucjue, Council Bluffs, etc. Bordering this State are Illinois, with Chicago, 1,098,000 ; Wisconsin with Milwaukee, 204,- 000 ; Minnesota with St. Paul, 133,000, and Minneapolis, 104,000 ; 1991. ^ Nebraska with Omaha, 140,000, and Missouri with St. Louis, 450,000, 32,028 and Kansas City, 132,000. The same is true of Kansas with Kansas io'37«>> ^^^y-i Omaha, Denver and other large cities in the bordering States, 5419 ^'^^ "'* industrial centre worthy of the name within her own bord- ^ 4',83() -4 ers. Now, why is this ? 1880 aiul V^isconsin as about lile 00(3,- licensed the |)ov- le Licpior \ earning Provinces and em- .sbment.s .11 .* Insanity. Rev. Dr. Leonard (and his atateineiits are considered simply heoauae they are the stock ai'Ljuuients used everywhere by prohibition- ists) inade the furthel charge that the liquor tratfie wis responsible for 50 per cent, of the insanity of the country and that prohibition, l)y wiping out the licpicr traffic, would reduce the number of insane by 50 per cent. Here are the facts : — The Classitication of [nsane per thousand of population in the Dominion of Canada is as folhjws : British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick- Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island C^uebec Territories 1.32 1.20 2.70 3.00 2.80 3.00 3.00 0.50 Prince Edward Island under total prohibition, and Nova Scotia under prohibition except in the City of Halifax, instead of being 50 [>ev cent, lower are more than 50 per cent hiijjher than British Colum- bia, altogether under licence, or Manitol^a under licence, and are consideral)ly higher than Ontario also under licence. As 8h(>wing the absurdity of the llev. Gentleman's contention it may be further |K)inted out that British Columbia with the highest ratio of drunken- ness in all Canada is nearly the lowest in point of insanity while Nova Scotia, second h^NNestin point of i7l 1 2.80 3.20 L id 8iri)j)ly i)hibiti«>n- iS|)t>n8iL'le )hibiti()i), of insane on in I he VH Scotia bein^' 50 h Colum- and are 'Wing the i further :lrunken- ity while he front different i i i^'iA )-J,^/ 17 Scotland a.20 ' 'i Ireland 3.70 m France 2.50 GerniHJty 2.40 Scandinavia 2.90 United States 2.30 Australia 3.30 The report of the Canadian Royal Commission on the li(jiior trattic says in this connection :-- ' "The ComniissioiKjrs have not been able to tind any stib- " stantial evidence provinii.{ that the insane jxipulation has been " to any cotisidera^'lo extent increased through the drinking "habits of the pe >ple of the Dominion, and yet it may lie "observed that whilst the insane of the country have, as V)o- "tween 1871 and 1891, increased in a greater ratio than the "population, the consumj>ti(Mi of li(pior pkh (.'APirA has in the "same period materially decreased." IN NOVA SCOTIA • ' In 188f) the Legislature of the Province of Nova Sco:ia passed a law which has had the ()ractical result of j)rohibiting the sale of liipior outside the City of Halifax. The result should have been a decrease of 50 per cent, in the insane population of the county. The facts are shown in the following table of those admitted to the insane ; asylum of the Province from the year 1882 to 1892 :~ I ■ 1882 91 1883 90 1884 8. 1890 ■'..'.. 94 ; 1891 Ill 1892 101 -• IN NEW BRUNSWICK. New Brunswick is the banner prohibition province. Here are 18 tilt! Hi^iircs.of tlie (Ijiily average of patients in the insane asylum fnr tlie years mentioned : — 1877 277 1878 .. .. 287 1871) 301 1880 309 1881 310 1882 345 '•..,' '■' 1883 . 309 1884 363 1885 394 188() 424 • "■ 1887 445 1888 443 • 1889 447 ■ .» 1890 446 ■ r- 1891 465 •• ' :■'• : 1892 002 A f TV THF. HTAT R OF MAINE. Surely if prohibition were to have the effect of reducing insnnity by any per centage it would be shown in the State of Main. Here are the figures giving the number of inmates in the Maine insane Jiospital for the years mentioned : — 1881 450 1882 461 1883 464 1884 460 1885 486 1886 528 1S87 562 1888 578 1889 580 . 1890 .. 626 1891 673 1892 686 •> ( Maine's yearly average increased from 76 in 1850 to 685 in 1892. IOWA AND KANSAS. -M :;:,, The State of Iowa adopted prohibition in 1882, and the law came into eflfect in 1883. At tha^ date there were 1070 patients in the ii ^^. '» If) 15 CAUSES OF INSANITY. *3 15 i5 19 isylum for ^^gj^^^ iiisHUo asylums. In 1891 these Imd incn.Hsed to 1912, Hiid in eluding County .isylunis, established after 1883, the t(»tal was 2,761. [^r '^^V Kansas ad<>[tted prohibition in 1880. For the ten years prior to 31 ^^Ithe enactment of the prohibitory l.;w, the number of insane patients ^•' Ifl^l received at the State asylums was 701, or one to ea^h 1301 of iho population. For the ten j'ears succeedini; the pas.sfit|e of the prohibi- tory law, the number of patients received was 3,301 or one for eacli ^3 ;^i,^43 of ih^ population. H >A 15 ^m Rev. Dr. Leonard says that the aliolition of the liquor traffic would decrease insanity 50 percent., which means that accordiny t(» his knowledi^e 50 per cent, of the insanity of this country is caused by Ihe use of intoxicants. On the other hand 623 Canadian physicians ^''^ '^j^ reported that in their opinion less than 10 per cent of the insanity of ;: the country was to be attributed to the use of liquor while 38 thf»u<;ht ,,„ ius-mify ^^ *he fii^ures should be somewhere between 20 and 50 per cent. liii. Here ^ Dr. Daniel Clark, superintendant of the insane asylum at ine insane Toronto, and the leading authority in Canada estimates the number of case.s caused by the use of intoxicants, including intoxication as a 10 4< *' predisposing cause " at 9^ per cent, of the whole. ^ Dr. Edwin S. Blanchard, superintendant of the insane asylum at ' Charlottetown, P. E I., gave an estimate of not above 5 per cent. Dr. Gordon Bell, 8Uj)erintendant of the Manitoba asylum stated 2 that of 47 cases only one could be proven to have been caused by Ij drink. \' ' Dr. Burgess, superintendant of the Montreal insane asylum o reported 24 out of 377 cases caused by the u.se of intoxicants. Dr. James P. Steevens, superintant of the New Brunswick insane 5 in 1892 Hsplum believed that one-eighth of the insanity was due to drinking habits. ti ir , . H>^fJ law came Three of the Provinces give in their statistical reports the causes ts in the **^ insanity. They are as follows : — * • 20 NOVA SCOTIA. jtii Year. 1880 J881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 No. of Cases No. of caused by Cotainittals. luteuiperauce. • * •• •• •• •• • •• •• •••• « ■• •• «• •» • •* •• •• •• • ■« •• ■• •• 89 80 91 96 . 86 112 114 112 104 76 94 111 2 6 6 8 S 4 7 1 2 I' I ONTARIO. 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 • • • • • • • • • • •• «••• • • •• •• •• • • • • ■ "••■-• ■ ' • • • « • • • • ••.'..•,»■ • • •• ••■ ■• ■• • • •• .« •• • • •• at •• »« • • «.• «• •• 507 502 493 519 493 457 519 425 506 514 6^'0 928 10 16 15 16 19 16 7 14 2S 14 12 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA. ■7--i 1882 1883 .. 1884 1885 .. 1886 1887 .. 1888 1889 .. 1890 1891 .. 7 8 11 21 27 39 29 41 57 54 1 4 I !'■> 5 .:* i fl it ;.^■.K■^>^; < h ill Reduction of Licenses. The agitation for a reduction in the number of licenses, with the idea tlmt' a reduction in the number of licenses would mean a correspondinj; reduction in tlie amount of drunkenness is amply proven by the statistics to be based upon entirely false premises. For instance the Fleming by-law came into effect in the city of Toronto on May 1st 1887, and it cut off 74 hotel and 16 shop licences. Three months were allowed to dispose of the stocks, so that the by- law actually went into operation on 1st August. Here is a sta^ement of the arrests for drunkenness in the five months following, and the corresponding term of the preceeding year — viz. five months before the licenses were reduced and five months after : — 18S6. 1887. August 336 472 September 366 463 October 312 469 November 331 366 December 302 375 Total 1,647 2,146 Increase 1887 over 1886 498, or nearly one third more under the teduced licences. The following table gives the total arrests for drunkenness in the city of Toronto for the years mentioned : — 1880 2,873 1881 2,90S 1882 2,974 1883 3,407 1884 3,644 1885 3,864 1886 4,283 1S87 5,2U9 1888 4,882 i w a2 1889 5,441 1890 6,02:^ 1891 3,758 1892 3,657 1893 . 3,644 1894 . 3,392 1895 2,773 It will be observed th;it the arrests for driinkemjess ti>()k a large upvard leap in 1887, and thi' evil effect that thus arose from unduly decreasing the houses of public entertainment continued for years. COUNTY OF HALTON . Another striking example is the County of Halton prior to and under tho Scott Act. Taking the average of the last three years prior to the Sc )tt Act, and the last three years of the Scott Act, the figures are hefore Under »;•',• : Scott Act. Scott Act. . ^, . Drunkenness 9| . 13f Violation Liquor Laws .... 3 31 Total Cc^nvicrions 53 107f ^' •■ MONTREAL AND ToKONTO. Take again a comparison between Torotjto and Montreal in the matter of drunkenness. Montreal has nearly a thousand licensed places, to be exact one for 234 of jiopulation, while Toronto has (mly one for 860 of population. The Hgures are arrests for drunkenness per thousand of population :-- Toronto. Moutraal. 1880 33.13 19.24 1881 30.32 17.73 1882 28.15 19.68 1883 29.61 21.60 1884 29.27 12.24 1885 28.86 9.55 1886 29.88 11.62 1887 34.06 13.52 1888 30.11 16.51 1889 31.13 15.42 1890 2874 14.20 189i 20.76 12.93 1892 19.19 11.36 1893 18.22 10.38 23 r [ ) J jk !i large in unduly years. ior to and 'ears prior , Act, the er Act. )al in the licensed has only tnkenness sal. DIFFERENT CITIES. A comparison for 1893, the last year for which official records are to hand, in the different cities mentioned shows as follows ; the figures being arrests for drunkenness ])er thousand of population : — Montreal, unlimited licences 10.38 Toronto, limited licences 18.22 St. John, limited licences 24.15 Halifax, licence 19.42 Fredricton, prohibition 21.18 39.14 . . 10.37 .. 48.74 23.78 .. 18.32 Portland, Me., prohibition Burlington, Vt., prohibition Portsniouth, N. H., (1892) prohibition Atchison, Kansas, prohibition . . Des Moines, Iowa, prohibition PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, A witness before the Royal Commission on the liquor traffic gave the following official statistics and his conclusions thereon. He said : "Coming to the statistics, these in each case show most "gratifying results since the adoption of the Crooks Act in "1870, I take it that no more accurate test can be had than " the committals for drunkenness year by year. I have a table "showing the number of licenses of all kinds granted year by "ycHT since 1870, and the committals to jail in each of these "years. This table reads : — • Year. 1870-7 1877-8 1878-9 1879-80 1880-1 4,195 1881-2 1882-3 1883 4 1884-5 1886-0 1880-7 2,326 Committerl No. of to Prison Lif encea of for Druuk- all Kinds. enne88. 3,930 4,032 3,754 3,785 3,700 3,581 4,008 3,795 4,195 3,328 4,700 3,497 4,903 3,895 4,940 4,650 4,510 3,690 3,008 3,555 2,326 J 1 > , 4,130 "■■^ r. 24 f (;ouimitted • No. of to Pripon Licensea ot for Druuk- • •■ •<- Yenr ■' ' ■ ■' ' ■ • ■ aH Kinds. eiiness. 1887-8 .. .. .. . 2,290 4,551 1888-9 2,935 4,797 1889-90 4,246 . 4,573 1890 91 4,250 t 3,014 1891-92 4,189 2,730 "It will be observed that while the number of licenses has " increased with the growth of population, the committals for "dtunkenness have decreased over one-third, a most gratify- '* ing circumstance. Lest \i may be said that under a prohibi- " live system still better results might have b3en obtained, 1 ''wish to point out that during this })eriod we had the Scott "Act, for a time, over three-fourths of the Province, and that "during that prohibitive period the committals for drunken- '• ness largely increased Allow me to point out as strongly "as possible that under the license law the comndttals for "drunkenness were largely below the number of licenses is- "sued — that is that there was nothing like the i)ro[)ortiori of "one committal for one license, but that under the Scott Act " the committals for drunkenness quickly exceeded the number "of licenses issued, that while one went down the other weni "u|), until in 1887-8 there were twice as many committals as ' there were licenses, and in the following year, the last year "of the Scott Act, the committals for drunkenness reached " the highest [)oint the}' have ever attained in Ontario. No "amount of explanation or excuse can alter these facts." IN ENGLAND. The same results are found in England, and the figures quc»ted by Mr. W. Gurney Benham are very interesting. Summarized they are as f(»llows :-- , ,, , In 1880 there were in England and Wales 110,590 drinking houses, and the convictions for drunkenness were 127,604. Between 1880 and 1890 nearly 10,000 of these houses were closed up. Yet 26 tted pon 1 7 3 i L) senses has iiittals for }t gratify- n prohibi- btained, 1 the Scott , and that drunken- LS strongly littals for icenses is- )ortion of Scott Act le number her wen.', nittals as last year reached irio. Mo ts." is quoted ized they drinking Between up. Yet there was an increase of over 17,000 in the convictions for drunken- ness 1891 as compared with 1880. The police returns, which are very carefully kept in En^jjland, show undoubtedly ihe startling result that in districts with an excessive amount of drunkenness, the num- ber of licenses were, as a rule, es|»ecially suiall, whilst in the districts comparatively free from drunkenness there were, as a rule, large U umbers of licensed houses. • I . . . ■ , ^ ' ox THE CONTINENT. Again, ni 1884, the Federal Legislature of Switzerland appointed 5» CDinmission to act jointly with the Federal Bureau of Statistics in regard to an inquiry into the liquor trathc. The report deals at length with this subject, and arrives at the conclusion that this fav- ourite idea of realizing the t)hjects of temperance is not sustained by ■practical experience. On this point the report reads as follows : " In the course of our investigation we have not found any "data warranting the assumption, now become almost a "dogma in many places, that the reduction of the number of "drinking places tends to restrict the consumption (>f ardent "spirits. On the contrary we are constrained to state that we "have frequently found the evil effects of alcoholism nutst "prevalent in the very localities where the number of drink- "uig places was smallest, an apparent anomaly which finds its " explanation in the fact that in the absence of a sufficient " number of c(»nveniently located public bar-rooms the people "of the localities m question becom^e accustomed to tippling at "home, laying in store greater or sumller quantities of spirits "according to their means. The number of saloons is not a "criterion of the consuuiption of spirits. We hold that a "much more effective temperance measure than the reduction ' "of saloons is to be found in all these rules and regulations "which, by exacting certain securities from persons licensed " to retail ardent spirits, render the retailers as a class more "respectable, and improve the condition and the management "of drinking places." Growth of Prohibition Sentiment. ■ ■ i ' It is claimed that the growth of public sentiment in favor of thr prohibition of the liquor traffic has been enormous. Assuminj^ that we have to deal with matters on this continent, because it will hardly j be claimed that in any other part of the world, excepting New Zea land, where tne prohibitionists have within the last few months been disastrously defeated, prohibition can passibly be an issue — What are the facts i In Canada the nearest approach to prohibition has been, in recent times, the Scott Act. It has been tried in Prince Edward Island and has been retained, because there is no license law. In Nova Scotia about one-half of the Province is under the Scott Act, because the license law is practically prohibitive. In New Brunswick a large proportion of the Province is under the Scott Act from the same cause. ' In Quebec, where the alternative of a licence law prevails, only three counties have, after fair trial, retained the Scott Act. (One of these is actually the old Dunkin Act.) In Ontario, at pne time having three-fourths of the constituencieis under the Scott Act, it is not retained anywhere. In Manitoba the Act was nominally carried in two constituencies, Lisgar and Selkirk, but was never enforced and consequently there was no occasion to repeal. In British Columbia it has never been submitted. IN THE UNITED STATES, The United States is the only country in the world that has at- tempted to prohibit the liquor traffic, aside from the partial attempt in Canada. Consequently that country supplies the only experience of prohibitory laws on a scale sufficiently extensive to be considered ;|;j^ as an efficient trial of the system. 27 'or of thi ninj^ that ill hardly New Zen- iths been What are been, in ) Edward the Scotl is under ails, only (One of tituencies ituencieH, tly there fit has at- attenipt tperience )nsidered Maine Vermont New Hampshire Kansas . . Dakotas The States now under prohibition ?u'e Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Kansas, and the Dakohis A point to be remombered is that each dealer in li(pior, whether it l)e in a licunco or prohibited state, whether to sell legally or illeg-diy, must take out a vendor's licence from the Federal Government, or bo piosfci'.ted by ^he Federal authorities. He pays for this license ^25, and all l>ut the smaller peddlars in prohibition states do so. In the })rohil)ition •tates the number of tln^se whi» took out these licences were a.^ follows (1893):— .. .. .'. 1,087 45C) ' l,9;j(» ' -■ 2,839 ! . r i^, - jL»aKotas 1,834- Maine, under prohibition has a greattu- proportion of licences per I head of population than has Ontario under licence. ROYAL GOiVIiVriSSTONS RKPORT. The Royal Commission on the liqu(U* traffic reported thut the general statistics show : — ,. (1) That there has been a steady increase in tin; production (»f • both spirituous and malt licjuors inthe United States. - i . .. (2) That there has been, includini,' all descriptions, an incre.-»se in • the agi^rejiate consumption, and the consumi)tion per (,'AP1Ta of the po})ulation. ., (3) That there has been an increase in the number (»f those |)ay- ing taxes for the right to make, and to deal in s{)irituous and malt liquors. . . , •- ■ (4) That in those States where sale is prohi dted the number of those paying the Federal tax for the right to deal in liquors Ivm increased. record OP THE STATES. Kansas adopted prohibition m 1880, and retains it. -» .s Iowa adopted prohibition in J 855, partially repealed it in 1858, totally repealed it in 1862, readopted it in 1882, and re[)ealed it in 1894. 28 Mfiine adopted |)r()liii)ition in 1851, rapoaled it in 1855, re-enact ed it ill ]857 and bus eontiiiued it to the present time. r Massachusetts pissed a piohihitorv law in 1852 which was t declared unconstitutional. A i^eneral prohiMtory law was passed in I 1855, which lasted until 18158, when it was repealed hut restored in I the folh)wing year. In 1870 a "free beer" amendment was adopt «h1 I but repealed in 1873. The law was finally repealed in 1875, h con- ;| stitutional amendment submitted in 1889 being overwhelminn<'itioiis have not cluiniL;ed since that report svas made) gives tlitt MMi <»f Prohibition as follows : Keveiiue derived \>y the Dominion Government, tiking an aver Hy rhe Provnioial G(>veTnments (year 1890-91): Quebec $ 552,318 t ()ntari(» 308,200 't Manitoba 27,550 North West .. .. 20,790 British Columbia 15,r»00 Total $ 924,358 Hevenue derived by the munici|ialities.in the same year: — Nova Scotia $ 17,659 New Brunswick 21,980 Prince Edward Island (iOO Quebec 21,904 Ontario 294,908 Manitoba 18,507 North West 7,075 British Columbia ' 45,754 Total $ 429,107 There is paid by l)rewer8 and distillert- annually for the following rticles : . . r Product of the farm f 2,382,765 WuL^es 1,194,046 Fuel ;. 170,000 Transportation 450,000 Casks, bottles, cases i^ 200,455 Capsules, corks, etc 70,186 32 Printing, advertising, etc • 79,897 K(ilifiir8, etc 47,005 Insurance 151,(585 Gas, taxes, water <»u|)|)ly 12.'i 118 Ice .•ireciate one-half in value, all other items would V>e total loss. The cost then of })rohihition would be for the the first year :- Value of Manufactories $15,588,953 On retail houses 19,000.000 Stocks, fixtures, etc 21,000,000 Wages, taxes, etc 15,539, IKUi Duty on spirits in bond 21,000,000 Federal Revenue 7,101,557 Provincial and Municipal Revenue . . 1,353,466 Total $100,583,881 Together with above 30,000 workmen thrown out of employment rt». ^^ a ill the ; miiii- h ujjireK lit'Id in loss, the s W(nild ar :- , f lament.