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MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART
^:.oi oi.u /.C ItST CHART .'J^ .
1.0
I.I
78
3.2
■ 4,0
III 2.5
I 2.2
II 2.0
II 1.8
1.25
1.4
1.6
^ APPLIED IKA^DE Inc
■ i Lo5' Ma>f, ■:,tfeet
6) 482 - 0300 - Fnone
Veterinary Elements
A. G. HOPKINS
Publisher s A ents The Univcrsity Co-OperativE Cu . Madison. Wis.
Veterinary Elements
AGRICUI
A WAMAI. K iK
A I, STUDENTS AM' ^i, m-k\U;N
BY
APTHl'R G. HOPKINS, H. A'.R., Ij.WM.
I.atc Ill-nil. Mil 111 \i iiiiiiiiry Sc'iiiici' ami ^st(l(■U .1 ihl.ii.L', I iiiM'i-^ily of
W i-i'iii-;ii. now A-isociat.' Kilitor Faniifr-' Aih mule.
Winiiipi'L', ( 'an.
Willi ll.l.r^TKAlli iNs
^ll 1 lN|i I III I II IN
WlNMPKi;, I \NMi \
l'r.,I.l«HKl> in TllK AlTUi'It
I 'Ml!
< Ml•^ l; III I I |i
IIMH
I'KKS- I'f M. .1 ( ANTWELI.
Madisuii. Wis.
PREFACE.
An ••\|ifrifii(f ,1^ ;i slmlciit in miiiiiiil liiisl>:iiiilr\ in
twii ;!■ , iiiii! iir:
IcL'r- ( )i
A;;!. <
<.l
i<-i |ili. < .in
iula: ln\\;i A^'l. ('ill.. .\rui's, Idwm , IcinU nif In l)clic\(
t li:il. Ill ( •iiiillloli w It li I he \ t'l
st'ick liicil. I lie \ cliTiiKii \- cum
<■! in;ir\ Will k^ w i ilini Ini'
NO V. (•!(• fill- Inn Iccllllif.ll,
tliu> iiriii;;- :i (lru(l-«i\ in Hi,. >tiiil(.|iiN anil (alcnjaifd In
in,\->lir_\ lalli.-r liiaii .nliulilm. duf. I lirlicsc. In Ihr i.lra
tliat llif a-i icnllnrai >lniiciil nr sincknian >liniil(l ^'4'l
\ ••Id iliaiN klinw |ri.;;c in I lie s,;i|ih' I'nl 111 a> IJic \ etcrinarv
slUilflit. tllf (lillrrci
icf iM'inir niii\ m
ir nf ilc;,'^lt'('. 'I'lic
(IciiiaiHU nl" ihf Slinri Cninsc in .\;;i iciilt mr in llir I'ni-
vcisilv nl' Wiscdn.siii wmiid imt allow nf tlic use nl' it-cli-
iiical Ifiiiisnihi;,' \vni(i>.n|-..\,.|i a mull iplicil.x nl'd
iscasc
hard I
n di>tiii^Mii>li hcl wcfu, M itii llicii- atlcmlanl Ircal-
lariil. 'I'liis hnnk ciiilindifs in a siiii|)lt' Inriu liic Icclnics
iis dclivcu'd In Slinil ('nurse sindcnis. Ilic main nliicci nf
tilt' antlior hoinji tn lit ili.- sinckinan >.n tliat li.. >liall lie
tn tlic vcU'rinarian what llie train'-d
III
lan a
I'sc i-> to tlic pliy-
sician. Tlic iirnptT recniitini,' <,'iound tor veterinarians
is iVnni anions the stockinen. Tn i)ecnnie sn no nne
snonld attend a \eteiiiiar\ college lia\ inj,^ less ||
thieeyeai- course. I hav.' |)lace<l iiiKh'r coutiihiition
Hayes" I'oints of the Horse and his Veteiinary Note> for
Hor.seowiiers; Sniitli's N'eterinary I'hysiolo^^y; Henry's
f'cedsiuul Feedinfi;: and Floining's Obstetrics: a iieriisal
of any of those works will lejiay the r<'ader.
Uiiirrrsi/j/ nf Wi.sfiiiiyiit,
Miu/isitii M7.V.
A. (i. H.
I
li
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
I lir llllllrl i|i;4 I ccclit mil ;|(ii)mIii1 llir lil-.| cllllinli nee
«'»il.ilf<| iln' (Mily |iulili( at iciii ot a ■■(•(■oiiil cililinii. 'I In-
Wiilk ll.l> licrll II- Icail, (ipllfctcd ami li|iill;4;lil ll|i In (lalf.
iiiiil iiiriii«ii- >.f\ciai iii'W iiiii--l lal i(iii>. Ilcaxx I\|)fiia^
lici'ii iix'd liiiiiau allfiil lull 111 ox'iiliaK. \\ liilr [lacl^fil
ill a ^iiiall ii>iii|ia->^, il can In- aiii|ililii'(l li\ aii\ iii>t i iictor
tu luft't III!' iiff(U 111' Ins (•las>. lam iiiilrliti-il In ( aitl.
M. II. lla\i-., I'. I;, r. \'. S.. I,'ii-li\. l-.ii;;., lur Mi;4^r-liiiiis
and ml iitI miiN. and tu I". ri)naiirc. I'.. A., I >. \'. S. - .Mr
<iilh \\ iiinipi-;;-, ( an., lor lii^ kiiidno'^ in H'\i-in,u tin-
NMilU. A. (i. il.
II V///;/y(' If, ('nil.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
'I'lif thanks nt' tiif antlmr aii' due tn tin- tnllnw in^
pai I if^ I 111 liian> nf iiall Iniic- and fieri n it \ |m'>: I'ihI. ( '.
S. I'lni ill. La l'a.\ftlr. ind.; (i. !•".. IIii\vaid\ ('u., pMli
li^ln-i'N 111' 'riir I'fatiicr and I HsfaM-- nf i'lnilt i\ . Wa^liin;;
tun. I >. t ■. ; llan^iiiann i\ l»nnn. N'rtrrinai v IiinIi iniiciit
.Maki'is. ( 'liira;^(i: llic i'ainiri"s Advucair, I.unduii, and
Wimiiiicu. < anada: '1 lie lluiscshofi '> .luiiinal. I>ctiiiit.
Midi.: ."^. .\. Iluxir. \uik\illf. .New Nuik. and ;iit' I'ni
vcr.sity of \\'i.si'uii>in.
ERRATA.
Faj.je 'JIj — in ilic illustration, t lie spavin i.Miii I lie near
It'^, not the iilV lint'.
riiaptt'i- \III. I'ait li. pai^c l.").'?. slunild lie ("liaptcr
Xill.
CONTENIS.
I'lirl I. Ihi- ( (iiistru< liun ami hin< lions ol tin- \niiiiiil Bod\.
Ik 1 .L I'AliK.
ina(>. I. .he Skcli-tuii. llif iii.aiilii« ">f aimh.iiiy iiiiil iiliyslnlnyj .
• ■.■Il*i.h(l iin)i.>|,li,MM. <iimlll.v.(f l>.,ri.'. Thi- iIIvIhIi.iih ..f ilif
NUil.l.in. A riiiM.ii Ic.r (locking. The linjMjiiuniM' ,.f » wc-ll
Hill iMiK rll.. Thf lx>n<K and .|<ilnt« iif the llinlm. .S|.|lnt bones
and spll'.is. l.iiKTiil carlllaufs and »ld<-l>oncs. Tlif hook^*
and liniU. I , Mall. .11 m JolntN in anlninlN. Thi- hfliilil or a
•I'lr^' I.._«.
lb«p. II. Ih.- Musdes rind th< ir Work.— MiitHiiliir iind (oniiwllVf
tUsiip. Th,. grain of mwit. quality of niiisih.. Tfiidons or
»liii-«». Certain i.iunoIim unit tlii'ir work. Kiixpensory Hku-
niinls. .loint oil or xyn.via and ilH ii«.fs -j;).;)!
thsp. III. Ihe DiqcMive S\stf-m. I'r.li.n>|,,ii and luiislleatloii. Sc-
'■'■'"""■""I 111'' 'liu<'-ii\, iluids. Saliva, «a.s|rii- Juli'c, lillc.
paiKTiiillc Julre. The taljlnu of food Into the lIsHnes, termed
iil>Ncir|ili<,ii. Miic.im and seii.ii>; Mirinliraiios. Tlie teetli and
their arranu-iiii.iil. 'r.-lliiii; i|i.
1.1 li.irKew, ealtle and
■- ■!■
lii
ol Moiiiarii-. Ti
tiMi'~ and th.ir
■ 111.1' li ill' Mil- lior>e, [111,'. >lu,.e|> and ox. Typi
I'Minred for digestion. The small i
work. Ih
li\ . r Hiiil lt>
ntes-
seenlioii - hllr. The
I'Miicreas and IN ihij.l. cIin |,.
lit. I llie iaeli als
( hrtp. |\. Ixiret
ion. ih'- I- \|iii
ih. I.mIii.w ;
TDilUl-N. Til,, li
'••«<
lions 1,1 ihi ^kii,
<l tin
-U' Ml JIhI L'P
!;■ Ill x aill
Ihi;. The ^1
11. Till' seere-
lai'i'oiis Ki'en'-
lioii. i;
rhiiklliL;
-I'li'd ■111-. nri,Mii> Ml 111-, aihihi;. 1 1| , ii.liin;; ,,;hl
Till- I;
ii> US anil n.arii
The lilii^s and tin
Chap. \. Ihe Process of Breedinq.— Ripioilii
i-ti.in .iiiil III.
IMVi.ISmI. II
ral. II- -i:;!!-. Mild I Vei | l|eni\ . r
■iiimI- i.r li.-vta-
tioii. Number of ten
Ksseiiiials In malli ..
lale- In Ihe n
.\i;i v^ 111 II III lii-eeil.
I'he ill
il iMiiillry. Miiliii- ..I |„,ulliy.
I sli le anil rein'iiilueliNe ortjan
.>!t-tii»
70-s:{
X Vftirituiiii Flrnunts.
thdp. M. Ihe Milk Glands and their (unctions. Ili.u.lilii. lM;i::intii
,,l ,, .,.,11,. I, ,ii ., .,u:iit, r. 'Ill" ~' rivli.iii ,.l hiilU. Il.iiaiiii; up
111,, iiiillv. Mill; \. ill- ail, 1 w.llv. r,,in|„iMii >lmilk ^l-:il
Chap. Ml. Ihe Blood and l>mphatic S\stem. r;,)iimL.- aiul M 1
,.,11. 111,. 111. an aii,l II iriMilalhiii. Arlrri... and Vi'iii-.
I.smiinalir vcssi'lsaii.l 1.- I ...n,.. M-y i.-s aii.l t li.'i r uoi l< li,VKV.>
thap. VIII. Ihe Nervous S\stem and Special Senses. N. rv, .< ami Ui. ii
w,.ik. Th, iMaiii aii,l -liiiia! <■■ i '. -■•■al'- ..r i iit^-niiii'iic.' iu
iiiiiinal-. 'Ilii'i.yi- aial il> aia'e~s,irii.-.. Tlicar. Tlu- .skill and
whiil it iiidical... I li.. liaiKllini:. '111., hair a. an ilidicalion
111 c|iiality. C.il.ir inarkiu--. ll,iiii., lairols anil rhi'siira. liti-ll')
Chap. t\. Ihe foot Its (V e and Shoeing. I In li'f and it- . mi-
1. 111.. Th,. whil.. nil. . I h.' hai. .111.1 fri"-'. Kahol nnvlliof
hiii-n. ■Ih. . aiv ..I till' I.tI. .-iisjii. .,r a i^ond l'.» it. ^-l in-.
Kdrnini: an.l iiili i l.-riiiL'. Cunis and rmitiarlid li-il. >h.M.-
iiiga kirkii'. TM.|.-.i>t -hiM-. Ui.-rjs
thap. \. Holdinq a Post-Mortem. I'la in ci ssaiy timls. Mi-thnds M
1,1 r,.il,iui'd. I'art... 'iii'j hir i-aii'lul .iTiitiii>-. Siirnilirancr
lit ,.|ii.|..i,i..-. i.r .1 !> iiipli iiiidi' r.".i4:iJ
Chap. \l. Simple farm Medicines. Thi' MnaliticaliniK of an animal
iii,,.,i.. Ih,. iMidiiaii. ■•hi-.I. I'lis,. lahK' ar.'indiim to a'.'f.
."Somr i-olivciii 111 iiifa.uri'.. linins, thcii and li->'s. I'oisons
anil anticlot.'. l:!.!-llo
Chap. Ml. Mode of (.iving Medicines, i lianin'N of i nrian,'.. of i li-
lini- into 111. hod.v. ( iix In;; nirdi'-i n. . |o hor., ., .-atl h', .Ih-'Ii
and pi;^-. I'ri ra ul ioii~ to I hsiTvid. Stranii lit; aninial>.
■|lii' a|.|. Illation -d hii.t.Ts HH-l'il
Part II. Diseases; their Prevention and Treatment.
Chap. Mil. Nursing ol Sick Animals. Ili' -i' k -tall. V. ntilation and
hL'lit. Hiddiii;; and riolliin.j. Tin imN. ral.' and ItMiipiTa-
Iiirr. Valnahli. .yniploni.. lln- hi-i-athint;, coniUtion ••( tin'
Iri'i'S , diiiii; . uriii.. and .kin, 'I'ho riTinitini; LToniid for\i-t-
iiinai inns. Wati ri iii; -to.k. I'l. di nt; t hr .i.-k. Wa.hinu' a n.t
i-lippini;. r.iuidai;ini;. Iiillani niatioii and il...it:ii.s 1 iJ-liKi
Chap. XIV. Breeding and Some of Its Iffects. - 1 'l"-,(Mri,.s and iiroL'-
namy. 'I'lii' liiiii' ol piirtiirition. Niitiiial hiith.. Ihllii'iilt
di liv, rios. .■skilir.l hilp n'M'i'.sary. Atti'iilioii lo tin' ii.'W-
honi. Koniosal of tin. atlii'hii'I h. 1'iiIIiml' out tin- woiiih
ii'a.tiiiL' I hi. u iilai-. . 1 laru'i't iiiiil its iriatiiifiit. .Milk Icvoi-.
its pri.\ i.nti,iii ami tf atiinnt lii7-l.S2
Conliiilx
XI
_.|,|_0^,
€hdp. \V. Diseases ol Younq Stock and Sterility,— Coiistiinitioii in f\uv..
liiiiii'- ,111.1 lo:ils. Sr.,iii~. Nil wl-ili or iiiinl ili^cMs.'. Iriipi.-
I'li.y l.irU 1,1 l.rr. .liiii; :il.ili|y in m;,!,.,., Wliy .■.,\i-, Mini
iiiiir.~ iloiil Infill. Airilii-i;il bici-ihiij; Willi Ilii- i-ai.-uli'. i ine
'■■i>'~'- "f ■■> I !■ I. mil' '-lop ls.!-l«is
Ch.]p. \M. Ihe Common (arm Operations. Ki -i niiiiini; and llinnv-
III- :uiiiii.iN I..1- .j|..r;iii,Mi>. riuMwini; a Ih.rvi-. an.l stt'iT.
IImii.IIhil: -li.ip. II,,'.. u . ,11 n.l- laal. Tl.. L;.-ii.ral I ival in.nt
..| uiiuii.N. r,,i,tri>l .,1 1,1, ...liiii;. 1I..SV rracliin-^ ai. r,-|,aiiv,l.
!i. li.,inin^' an. I lappiiiL'. I 'a -I rati, ,11 ami ^payin^'. Iil,',-.lini.'
•II"' .i'"-i<ii,^. ,^^-l;ll:l
thap. Wll. Diseases Due to Mistakes in Feedinq. i':,:,i> an, I lliojr
Ninnilifan,.,'. Itioatin- in -li,',|i an.l ,".;il, . Cli.ilani.' an. I its
trialniiht. I'minilii ami i'~ |iii.v,;ili,>n. Th,' cau-.-.if liiiilrt;.
A/.,lnria, a r.snll ..1 i,||.n.-~. IlcaM-s ih,. s,-,|m'l of r.\,-i.s.
sivr ;ia.\ I,...|inu. Wal.-i iroulili' Ml la 111.- ami \mI li.r-. Sure
sli,alll> III i-alll,. alll -.|i.-c|,
Chap. Will. Diseases of Ihe teeth. Tiefliiin; ami it- a, . ..inpani-
im ill. l.aiii|ias. Tli,' , | Hack liiirsc dent i~i ,1, „n liarin. W,ill'
m.th. -^i-ii- ,.t lanlly !,,tli. CilMiin- ami \viml>mkiii-.
I'.la.li I.-.tli III pii;-. Tl.r >iuiiilican,-f.,r ili>cl,arj.m~ Ir.iiii III..
mi~I ril>
Chap. Xl\. Foot and limb Troubles. I.ani.nis-. ami iis .liiectioii.
■n,. spavin li-t. >-li.Mil.l.rslii, an.l .■.>ii.-,r -all-, •j'li.. Iccati.in
an.l tivatimnt ..l-plintN. Kini:l.,>ii.-, ln'ivilitary in it- naiurr.
Sill. t,.,m-s. ■,. mm.. ni 11,1 rait ii.,r>i -. I'll,- pi. \ ,.nli,.n .if tlirii-li.
r.,tliii .|..int .li-.a-,'. .sime pricks an.l criis. Ciittin- ,iut .,f
til.' still... l;,)ii.. anil l„ii.' spavins. Mi.- laiil.y lini'k. Stiini;-
lialt ami ,-app..l h.i. k
(hap. \\. fxternaland Internal Parasites.— Scab ami its suii|)rossi,,;i.
I i.v ami riii-u-..ini. .-.-iiniimr p,-sts of sli,.,.i)_ m.isrm.is and
L'rub in til.' Iii-a.l. 'I'll.. Ii.,rnll> ami uarbl.'s. I',,iiltry li,.,..
.smiinmr s.irc- .,f lair-es. Ih.- -ynipi.inis ,,f w,,nMs in".',.lts.
Til.' .Inly and .Xn-ust laml, -,.,„„•-..- ih,. s|.,iii,,,.|i w,,nii.
Ta|„.u',,riii-. ami tli,. piinipkin -,■,,! ,lr,'...t i.in L'.V >-•.'(!( I
Chap. \\l. Contaqious Diseases and their Suppression - Ko, lis .^, rni
aii,l.-,.iisiinipti,iii. Tiib,'r,',il.isis/v,',inta..'i,m-. Han-.:'- met li.>,l
of suppression. Meat insp,'..ti.,,i m.,.,.ssary. (ilami, r- a s,.ri-
mis niciia, ,' bi iLir-c ami man. lila.'klc- an.l its pr.'v.'nt i,.n.
H,,L' I'll, , I, 'la mit y.'t ,',,iii i',,||,.d. T.'.xas b'ver. A result ,if
"■onii.t inf.'.'li.m l,,,.k.iaw. Antbiax, il„. smbb.n ib-mh.
I.ump.v law ami its .■ur,.. C.ntai.-iinis aboni,.n. a sbn Kinairs
sc.iiiru'c. (nil (li-bniiHi'. Calf cliolcni and Nocard-siiivcsil-
i;nlii)ii. Cank.r -..re immtb in \..nnfr piiis "lil--'—
J'.'ii
;:iO-J4!i
xu
Vrtn-ituir// FJeiiii nts
(hr»p. XXII. Disinfection dnd Misielldneous Diseases. simIiIi' .li^inMc-
"""• '' I liip- ;iii'l 1 h' I iii.iliMii HI i,ix>. Sour- iiat trnul.li-.
Waitv Mini vniiii- I ic 111 1 1 IV (nsi'a>e.s , JT'^i.'Mi
fhap. Will. Kdmination of Horse for Soundness. TIh ti sI i. .i- ili.
VI up!. liitMii!-. i:ci h II ..I l.iwih rh.-ui-r-. A Im,1 -ji; n i n ~; ■!.
.il>r-. Ilif .l.ii rti.iii ,,■ .-III l.~ aii.l nii;;li..n. ... 'l', , ,l,.|,.,-| ^triiiL:-
lia!l. N. .■.■>>ary In luiiiiiarc Hit lu<cU>. S.iiiic (lisqualilica-
I.M til. . .lill!
»l-'.'s5
Indet .
Veterinary Elements.
PART I.
The Construction and Functions of the Animal Body.
CilArTKi; I.
THE SKELETON.
Natural Science Study Essential. In First Priixiplps of
A^iiciilt me we arc told thai ajiriciiltiii'c may be divided
into t'niir j,'t'ii('ial liiaiiclio, diic of whicli is Aiiiniai
Industry i liuslfaiidry ). Tiic saiiw aiitiiority, when
ciassil'x iiiu tlic pcrsDiial lactors upon wiiich sii('('('s,s as an
ayricultnrist depends, insists upon a kn^wledj^e of the
natuial sciences, not tlie least important of whicli is
Animal l\nowied;j»> i Zoology ). Snch a deep study is
/ooidjiy that specialists have divided it into l)ranches, an
elementary study of two of which ( phif.sioli);/!/ and
))'itli()li)f/i/ 1 will cdnstitute the subject matter of tliis book.
Physiology and its I'elative. anatomy, have to do with
tlu' functions ami c(tnstru«'Ii >n of oij;ans of the animal
body : Pathology, in the bioad sense used here, lias to
do with mal nutiition and disease, ami their inevention.
It may be accepted thai, m order td be snccessfiil as a
^tocUman, a kiiowledLic however elenientary of the anat-
omy and i)hysi'>loji'v (tf li\ c stock is essential as on such
knowledge is based not only the presei'vatioii of health
1
- \'' h lillllll/ /'/l nil Ills.
Ii.\ ;i\Mi(|iii;^ (i\ci\\i>ik or iillciicss nf \;ui(ius (irfxaiis, hut
"1^" '!"■ l'i''V( ii': I ii; -asc hy |Mv\.MMiu<,r tli,' iiiruad
hI l;.iiii>. Til,. |Mis>fs>i , ;| kii(>\vlf(l;;<' of (lie cun-
>liii<-tiuii mT ;iii aiiiiiial ^aiialniiiy is a valuable aid to
''"■''•''■ 11-^ '" 'l^i-^-ily tliat animal as t(. its (il ncss lor tlie
<lair.\ orllh l>l.ick. t he carria-r or the loi'rv.
The life Unit the Cell. Thf animal hndy is a col-
''■'■' i '' ^'"^'11 iiiasscs of |.roto|.lasni known as cells.
'■'"•'' '•'■" li''^ "k- l>rn|,(.|t.\ oj iiutriti takin<r in fond
•""I n^ii'.^ il 1" I'liild lip i|„. hndy i and rcprodnrtion
' I'lnpaoaiin- iisfif :. and may he capal.N' of motion.
l'i"ln|,la>m is made up of ihr .-Icmcnts carbon, nitroj^'cn,
o\\-cn. li,\dn.Mcn. sniplinr. Cl/s rnllrrt,il totjetlwr for
<pii-iiil i,,n-iuix>s /■„,,„ „ //,s.s„,, ,.. o.. i),,ii,-. muscle, nervb,
^•ascnlai. .ic. TJirou-li ilie uni f cells we ^u't neivps
and capillaries, and fn.m eel! excretions we liave built
u|> ccnncctiv.- tissues, bones and carlila'i-e.
Definition of Anatomv. The study of tlie form and
structure I'ontormaticin ) of the animal I)odv.
Tlieie are s,.\ ,.ral kinds oi' anatomy, icfcrrinfj ospe-
• ■lally to the meiii,,ds used and the object souf,dit, o. fj- :
Comp.irdtive Anrttomy refers to the study of form and
"""'■""•■ "I ii'>' '"il.\ lln- horse, but the cow, pig, dog,
sheep. jM.ullrx and .Man.
Histoloqv is another di\ ision of anatomy, the stutly of
vvlii.h calls for the Use of the miciosc(.pe and consists of
the sindy ulirssues. sueii as skin, liver, bone, lung. etc.
li liie study is of dis.-ased tissue, it is known a.s Patho-
lii<lii;i! nr Mnr/ilil AiKitinmi.
Surgi«Hl Andtomv is of value to the sur,geoii and does
iioi ci.uceru the a^ri-adlnral student.
77/ f Sl:,lrl,>
l'"(>i' tin- Mirriciilturist an clciiicMtiirv know led ir.' df con
\y.u-A
ti\ <■ analoinN is i's,s("Mt ial, hfcaiisc o\\ intr to t lie dilVcr
U.'ll
cnccs in the conNtrnction ot tlif \aiious anmials. s
aninial> rtM|Mirc (liltcicnl t rcalnn-nt in tin' wav of feeding
\\ atcnn
sliot'in;
and
ilunn
'icknt
I'.\ tlif stndv
of anatomy n\«- an- cnaliit'd to nia|> out tin- animal, and
thus can locate a diseased part more icadilx .
ri
n' wo
ik
of tile anatomist ,.ia\' lie conn la fed to that
tile aiclliteet. Wecause in liotll
cases
th
!nd'
tile
fiamewmk is tin- Ijasis foi' tiie >tinly ot'tlie snpersli nctnie.
'["lie animal may Iw Inietiy analyzed as a liony skele-
ton, covered outside liy muscles and tin- skin, and cou-
taiuinj; inside tiiat skeleton tin' \ arious oijiaiis. such as
tin' iieart. lun^^s. ii\ei'. kidneys, stiunacii. intestines, re-
productive (U'jiaus and tlie ner\(Uis system.
The Skeleton. 'I'iu' franu'work is t^enerailv called tin-
skeleton, it is made U[) iuinci|ialiy of
i tones.
I'lone is a Inird. veiiowisli white, insensitive liodv made
up of cart iiy and animal matter.
Tii«* eartliv matter is
made up nminly of the following materials: lMn>sphate of
lime, carluuiate of iinu'. pintsphate of magnesia, and soiu-
Dle .s;
dt^
'i'he eartliv and animal matteis are in the
iiealthy mature animal properly lialauced. in the yoiiu^
animal, the animal mattei' is in excess, thus acc(nintin<
lor tiie small iiumher of lu'cak
s I iiactures ; in vonu'
animals
iiu also
for the rai)i(!ity wit li wliich .^uch i)reak-
ajies are repaired. In old animals t in- ea it liy matter is in
excess. conse{|uently l)reaka!.;es .fractures) are more
fre(|nent and repair is simvei' tiiau in the yoiinj;' animal.
r>one is tin hardest of all the animal tissue>. due to
the presence of theeartiiy mattei' hefore mentioned, its
rJ-'^l
4 \ I f' riiiiini I'll nil Ills.
t'l;i>licil\ III!' |iu\\ci 111' liciidiiiL; III a liiiiitni decree and
III" Mi>taiiiiiiL; >li(irk> i> due Id I lit' animal inatlrr in it.
I,i\ iiiLi' 1m me i> (■la>l If. liliii>li w liii. and iiiscn^il i\ c i ll
iiiii^l iimI lie tnr.uniirii lliai 1 i li ■ !• \ i >i s i n all I lir ^(■\ cral
paiK a> iiiiii'li a'^ il dncs in llic u liulc lnniy. and tliat
l>calli. or (•(■•>-ai am n| \\u-, (ir( ni s when llic rniicl i(m> ul'
t'lf \ai iiiii-, paiK iia\"' ceiled, and lliiis raiiscd v|(i|i|);iir,.
ot liic \Vii|k i>r the ii(id\ ;|^ ;| wliDJc. . Ildlio llnl ( m 1 \'
r<)iin a riaiiii-woik. Ini! nwini; in iji.- |;ici Hint mnxlcs
arc atlaclicd id llifm. al^i liriiiiiic lexer-- and lia\r lu do
w illi tlif niii\ cmiiiK dl 1 he animal.
Qudlrty of Bone dnd Its lndicc)tion-«. 1 lir c|iialii\ nt the
liiiiic ill an animal is nl' ^rcat im|idilaiirr. a~. a rule liic
|illlrr I lie Ini'cdiliu- I lie iii't Icr ' lie ((liality dt'tlir hone: •'. M-.,
tilt' lidiir- dl' till' 'I'lididiii^liliicd aif. aicdrdihi;- tn tlicif
si/c, iiidir cdiiiiiacl. lica\ icr. slidiiMcr liiaii tlidsc df tlic
'ail lidiM'. 'riic lidiics df tiif < art lidisc arc expanded
us it were Id alldw nidie -n i face Idr llie altaciiment df
iiinseles. 'i'lie i|iiesiidn df ijie i|iialily and <|iiaiitily of
Itdiie has iieediiie a \ital diie in live stdck: m the heel'
animal a certain lineiiess i^{' Imne js desired, as heiim'
one df ilie indieaiidiis >>{' small nffal: dn tlie dtlici- liaiid.
an excessive I i^iil iiess df linnc is a lefect in sdinc breeds
df lidL:s, iciidciiii^i- ilieiii incapalile df carrying; their
carcass Id mari-ict.
If we saw a lidiie in two we liiid it is made up nl' a
hard and sdjt porlidii: iiilhesdfi poitidii a niiinher ol
lillle lidles are seen, w hi ell u'is e t he ciitl iii^ ^ (ir sect idii )
till' ajipcaraiH e df a sect idii df a ealic. 'riiese lil I It" iioles
(canals) are fdr Ihe passage df the lihidd vessels w iidsc
fiiiictidn is Id iiduri-h the iidnc. ( )iic can sec iiowthat
Th' Sh-rlHoil.
Is would iriitliT I lie lii>nc >c>tl ;ni<l ^|inii;j:y.
TIh' nlllsiilc (pf l)()lir> is <<i\ fli
:iii Ui
luwii ;i> the periosteum wliiih can 1m- stiijiiMM
(1 li\ a t>iiii;li inatfiial. a
1 (.IT:
il is \ CIV st roll,:; a
11(1 scii^it i\ r anil I'd
lltaill> blimil XcsSi'ls
w lilcll sfl\ r t" lliilin
,li ilic liiiiic Ix'iKMlii. In 11h' central
ait of 1 lie liDiir ' ini'diillai
A canal is touml llic iiiaiinw.
V li'ch i>\ -^o
I lie sclclil l^l> I-
held to lie tlic liii tlililacc o
the blood |(latcs . col i(ns<-lcs
Bone is dc\c'' ,ird iVoni inniiorary cartilage or j;iistU'.
Ihe uses of functions bones are: 1. To hear wei^lit.
I'll resisi IlieellecUoi coiuai^-nni .>.
'To act a'' lev ef;
for the tii>t two duties del lends on the (|ual-
'I'iieir lit nes^
itv i text me 1. suh>lance ( si/e i
and tiieir an anueiiicnt.
I i> raided and the U'rt\ on
The >oil on w liich an aniiiia
w hicll it is fed illllllelice^ till' hone
and the haider t!ie lood the lietter the (|nalily of the hone
The diiei' the soil
Tl
le inol (■ o|iell - porous holie i
t he uK-a
ler the liahilitv
to
pn> deposils. e\aini>les ol' which are sp
lints. The
hoot's indicate I he (p
ifl horn mean poor ipi
the expressioi
ialit> of th'' hone. e. i:'.- Il;ii •'*■*'' hik'
iialit \ of hone. Ainoni; liorseiiien.
1. •■ I'lat hoii
(fteii liear<l. such, how
ever, n
t'els to the shajie of I he w hoi
;. tlie desiiahh'
lorin heiiiLT ra/or like, ilie hone tonus the heavy part ut
the ra/.or. w
iiile t!ie tendons nniscles i at I In
hack ol the
1,M. form the line ed-c: if there i- an excess of loi
•se
■-ne
licllilld.. the leu looks rolllld. feels soft and the
horseman utters the dictuin
Tile hone is round and
SUOll
;v !*■ Larue iiinscles mean lar.ue hones on account
the ureater area re(|nire
lor attachment sites. The
more holies all' ex post
stronger tlie\ should he
il to c(nuaission the denser and
It isalniost imiiossihle to ohtaiii
Vrt,
riiuini A,'/,
'/ l:"iiif'ii!s.
Itiiiic III' -ic:il V iiliiiiK' Mild ;il ll
If MIMIC I HID' III' I lie
IllH'St
i|il:llll\ ,
'11
I'' milllhcl' III lli>lli-> \ ;'li
fS :h riiKliii'
:iiiiiii;il. mill.. liDiM'. l!tl : ii\ im,! ^||,.t■ll 1!
iffp. Iltt;: |,i;
ro. |.i(
tlir MKllllll l.ciil;; I,., knlird ;i> i nJh..],. I,,,,,,. i|,,, )
lOIM'S
III the l;ij|
•(•;. V I a\cian|||M- ],; |,,,. n,,. i|,,|s|.. is for
lln' i>\: ami 'Jl' In;- ||
'11
If IllfSflll
If pi^- t 'liain fan
il'll
pjifaiaiicf III Ihc \ai iiiiis Inccds uf \\\c
sliifk i> (liif III till, p|•ll(•,.^^ ,,| ..\.i|iiiiiin and t.i ll Hurls
"I' iiiaii. I'm- f\ainplf. 1ft us lake ilif limsf : hack
tlimisaiKls of years ai^u i ilucci
If pel Hid I 111,, aiicotor of
111
c linis(. waMinly 111.' si/.c uf a lo\ and liad lour P
Tiidav sj.(•cilllcn^ uf hur>c> can
\M-i-liin;i- I'.dOd puiinds. and uni
lie >cf n I 7 hands iiij;ii.
\ iiiif luf, as seen when
Ihc strncliiic uf ihe fuui is iak<'n np: in fad Ihc hmsc
IS Miiw class(.d as iicluii-nn;. lu il
ic single lu(.d class i Suiid
iin.i;iilata i: duriiiii' Hif Mii
;i sheep and had three tuc^. w hile in Ihe I'l
nearer the pioent lime, it had 1
■cue periud it was the size uf
iiicene p -riud.
icconi(. a> lar"i' as an ass.
and two of t h
f t
ifs wt.re disappeariiiL;-. iinlil down tu ll
le
prcsenl tinif \v(. liavc the hui.se with ll
le sin
111 sjilint
Imncs to represent two too j .sscss(.d at one time hv it^
anceslurs.
Th
fttorls ut man arc tcndiii''- tu a nduvth
"/ iifiiJ and a //////('/■ <f' nlniminil of ll< sli jinxlnrtion in llif
nifal iirudnciiiL; animals. The -ladnal disapiiearancc of
wolf teeth and the leli-tl
If nin;i uf thf sjiacc ( diaslcma )
■Iwceii the fruni and hack Icel
dcnce lit' c\ iilnliun in the I
I are all ipiuted as evi-
iiirsc.
'I'll render the >lnd\ nl' the skcl
ftuii inure easy it is
•fin.i; lakfii np separately,
di\ ided into re^iuns, each 1
Ihe re-iuns are: 'Ihe head ■ skull i, the neck - ccr
thehack i dursal i. Ihc loins i lumii
\ ical ),
ir I. Ihc croiiii ■ sacial ).
tl
le tail icoci-y<;eal ami Ihc limbs i appcmlicnl
;ir).
Till Sl.'/itnr
Tlic boiit's nitci m<i- in
to til
,,1 Illiltinll nl t!lf^<> If^i.'llS
vary in sh:r,ii'
Hat
IISII
UK
I'
I in»L'
(• (■l;l■^M■>:
Inii;
liciicc aif ilivi«l<'(l in tlin
iilar. All l)on<'> iia\f at \arions >|.ntN
iiiiv at lilt' t'nd 1 soiMcw liat >ni.H.
ill iiiili^iirtl space
known as aiticulaf surtact
li.-ii tlif artirnlar Mulatf
d' two hones ai
(' in conlact a joint is lornici
1. A lUltlKT
provision to cnsiii-e tin
sill laces
tact is tlie hand liUe >tinclMre made of "
k<'pt in coll
lilnoiis. connective tissue known a> a
iiieiit may vary somewhat in I'oiin a<
tion, hilt its functions are tlie saint
)t' the two liiilies liein^
hit<
Kll
the
ppoit (example, the lateral lijianieiit^
i,i-ament. A li^a-
•cnrdiiiji \i> its jiosi-
. \ i/.: 1. <iiv in^
•J. Coiitiiiiii^
join
t oil (sviiov ia i hy iiuMiisot' the capxiilar li-am.
lit.
Two other firms
of li<;ainents exist, namely.
rllrcl: (lllll
SIlSjICIISO)
of joints.
//, hill as they <lo no
•t enter into the construct ion
tl
lev are co
iisidered ahm^ with tin innscles.
The Head. The horns
!(i in all. and as their it
.f this rejiioii are<inite numerous
niemlnaiice is of little piactica
value tt) the aiiiiciiltiirist they wi
ill not lie con^it
leretl
separattdy
In tl
le CO
It the lioiintlaries of ea
h Imhi
lit'
easily imule t>iit and tin hones sei.arateil. as the animal
ther hecoine anchylosed '.
iiruws 1
ilderthehonesgrow toj;t
The majority t>f the hones of the hea<l are (|iiite li-lit
1 hv their arran;;t'inent form hollow spacc-
aiitl thin ant
(excluding- the moiitli ami iiost
id II
liich
cominiinicaie
more or
less freely, ami are known as sinuses: in tl
>kiill is also the hraiii ca\ ity.
If we tltdioi II a cow wt
no
tice tliat the horns are more or less iiollow ami that
tlnise cavities extentl into the head, therefore we can at
t)iice see
.......IWi,,
tliat " lltillow horn, so t-a
lletl.
IS
not a tliseasetl
horns, hilt is iterfectlv iialnral. In the
8
Vtti riiuDji /-.'/i iiinils.
<':iviti...s„ftli.' nux-Mir s,,MH. v.-iy \v^h\ lM.ri<.> wln.l, :,r.'
of inipuilai,,.,. in tlu-ir ivhuiui, In tli.- ;,rt nf hn,itliii,-
TI....S.. hnru-.s iuv n,x,.n..l uiH, ;, v ,., v .IHicuf luu.nus
'"•'i.ibniiH', f..Ml;,iMiM- :i -real iuumIht ,r Mna.l l.|,,u(l
v.'.ss<.|s. 111., aims il passes „v.. I- this inciul.raiu- l.,.c..iii..s
waniMMl h.-lon. iM-in- laU.-ti in hy IIm- lun-s. "Ih,. i,.,.ll,.
al(lionj,di pr..p,-il\ .■lassed ^^uU lli,. Immm^s uf il,,. h.-a-l,'
"ill 1... tn.alr.l „f wl„.„ llH- .li-rstivc >yst,.n, is l,Hi,J;
taken np.
The Neck. IJehJM.l and heluu il,,. Im^.I u,. li,,,] ,1,^
Hpiiial (v<;rl<.l,ial) CMhinin. made up ..r a nuiuLei ..f sec-
tions, each ealled a verlehra. These veilelnae have a
hnlh.w passa-.- (spina! .anal i Ihn.n-h Iheir e, niers, this
canal h..i.ses tli.. spinal ,-.,nl. Ihns proleelin- it a-ainst
injury. These vertebrae an- so eonstnieted a. t.. allow
utnmvenientshetvve..n them, varyin- in deor,-,. ae.-ord-
in^Mo their lneati..n. ( •onside.al.l.- motion is neeessary
and it is i.rovided lor i.etueen the veiiel.rae ofth.- neek
sueh enables the head an.i neek to be phued in dillerent
i'-.siti.ms. The acts ..f raisin- and loweiin- turnin-
sidevvise an- ace.m.plislied by the action of pouci lid
muscles attached to these bo>,y se<'tions. The site oC the
.junction oCth.- bones of the jn-td and ne.k rs the re-ion
«»f the j.oll, and it is these bones that are soniethnes
aflected in severe cases of |'o|| Kvil. The bony sections
in the neck ;c.'rvical; re- number seven! and are
someuhat alike, the two first , atlas and axis; showing
tlie more marked ditferences.
The Back. I'assin- alon- tiie back ^ dorsal re-ion i we
find that tJie vertebrae formin- this re-ion a.e shorter
and more numerous, bein- is i„ ii» i„ nnnd.er. Thev
Thr Sl.rlrliU
resell
ilile Ihe Ix'iies <>\ 'li»' 'i''*'
i\e lliat tlifir iii>i'<'r
siirl:i<'<'>
;in'
iu:il
Ued l.V -I'Uip pru|eell..ii> (.1 -1
lUK':
riie iiijiiu'st <>r Uh' >|'
llin>e 1)1 \ elteliiat
N.
to:
rellier w 1
III til
llUl^rle>,
etc
.1 tllf I'-.m l"l
III
til
re^litll (>
nl th
r the Withers In im
the (liseaM' Uunw II :i> li-tiila
\vi
llie tinlllilt
til
li->tiilniis w itlier> ' i;i\ <'s
the ioeatHMl of
ri
lese \t
iect 111'
M'"
le
are Nt-rv ^vt
II
iiiai
Ued 111 the ilairv \\\'
CIlW ,
(KileetlllU ll:
til
ev
illeli <
|o ill Mich anil
ailcs. alnii^ with
lH.\e the t..l>s nl the slinlllilcr
hieh tlicy tend to -ive the desirable
wed^rc s
lajH' w
hen view
ed iVoiii al"i\ I
,r animal the spines are
,,■ ileshv cDveiin;: <>f the \>
not
In the lieel type
iilar
US(
s pioiiiiiieiit. the III
lieiii'^ iiioie abnndanl. In
ttie Wi'tler
hied hoise. tin
itiiei:
are (
|iiite tine as (
Olll'
pan
d with the coarser
l.ied sliecillie
'I'lie seetiniis o
the ItacUlioiie
!l\e
iiltachinent to stron-- iiiiiseles
iikI
liiiaiiieiits.
One li^aiiieiil ol' ].eciiliar <
haracter is iiotice(
in the horse, i
those of the net
,iilil»oit it <X'\i
t extends from the \e
ileh'ae of the hack to
am
1 to the head, and as a lesuU of the
liled to keep (he luMd on
the horse is eiia
,, hi-her level than the .est of the body, conse.p-ntlv we
if it to cause the head
nil
rht
e\p
■ct a crosswise st
el lo!
to fall to uioiiii
1. siieh soiiielimes happens as a result ot
at
teiiiMtsat snij;-er\ by quacks in
the treatment of I'oU
Kvil ( list Ilia of the po
II
The bony sections o
r ihe back
also form
(iiits ( articulate ) wi
111 the heads of ribs. <
>ne
pair of which are
n'lriou I dorsal >.
allotted toea(
h of Ihe vertebrae
if thi-
The loins.
i>.
isslll<i
l,;u'k Still fiirtlier we come to tlic
bone;
'It
if the loins ( lumbal lej;'
loll t.
six in iiumiK
ber,
lese sei
lions i)f the backboii
slioiild be strong. stient,'th
lo
\rh
riiKini I'.liinnils.
iicrc
'"■'"- •' 'l''>li:il.l.- I|;,|| in ;il| ;lilMii;lls A ^\\"\\\ (lif-
l<T<'IIC<- III III)' I, ,111 |„.|,
• •••11 tllr (|;iil\ iiilii liccf I
ll"l'''''l- 111'' Inlli ..r llir Idi iiirr Irlid
.\ |K' IS
M^' In U lllcil IM-Ilil|(l
'" ""• '■'"'■! :"l ''^''ll « Ullll llllull-l I i> .IrsJKMl. Tl
llulH-. I .il (i|||\ li;n .■ ~|)lllf> :ilin\.. hii) ;ij
M'se
■Ml lilt fin
Il si*|<
ill lifili;; ciix fi I
(■(i\ (■ Ml;4 Is III I I II
Ulli'
'I l'\ jMiw.Tliil iiiiiMlrs. uliicl, iiiilsclil;
liii-d |i;irts ill iiical pii
•' lllil>l \;
iiiiiiials. ciiiiiiihiiini^r ;is II ,1,,,,^ ;,, |-,,,.„, ^^|,.|,
•llllilinl Ihr lij^h |,i ic,.,| ciil.
Fhe Croup pelvis or rump . S
lire
;irkl
till rnitli.T mIiiii;; till'
•"lie ;i|v thr l.iili.s i,| I lir ciiiui. ( s.iciinil ) \Nliic|
1 arc
Millie III'
liiK'il
osMliiil I Iii;^,-tlici'. acciii'diii" I,, til
'> |n' i>r aiiiiiial sii \ Avu's tl
It' iToiiji. ill liuhi liiiis<-s. siu'ii
:i> «'l('\i'laiiil l'.a\-. a Imi-. Irvi-I
• halt
(•ii>ii|) is riiiiiid. w hilc ill
'•!> a sill. It. T. ini.ie <liuii|,ii,M ,T.iiip is <l«rsii'('d :
"'Mriidm- ali.ii- thf riiiiiii Ikiii,- arc iiiiis.lcs whid, j.i\ c
""■ '"'ii|. Its shape. Ill the dairy cnw a heavily nuiscU-d
"I'lip is lint di.sM.'d. ill la.'t. advaiic.-d tjiinkcrs aloiifr
'lairy lines In.ld that a lii-h |ir.iniiiieiil .iniip Mliil.hcd
['••l\ ic ai.'h I is very desiral.le as iiidieative nf plenty ..f
'■"'"> ill 11"- parts I.eliiu. siieh ideas yet need (httii to
render them acceptable.
The Tail. 'Ih.' last r.-imi of the spinal coliiiini is that
l<iinun as the tail .ci.ccyx ,. made up ,if i;i tu :.•(» sp;if-
M^'M^. Ihe spinal canal caiinut he sai.l to -,, l.eyoml
111'' sacrmn or the liist f.-u sc-ments uf tlic Uui. X
t'Mid'-ncy exists an j^ jieople to rcim.ve seuincnls of the
tail or III.' entire ni.'iiih..r. a pro.-e...liiiir wjii.-h can only
1'" lustiti.'.l in lew cas,.s. sii.'h ,is in .sh.-ep. when it's
'■•'iiioval i>anaidliM'l..anlii„.ss. an.l o.'.asionally in liors..s
that li:i\i' ih.. liil.it ..r . ,. ;i ..1. ;.. -
'Ill, Sl.'lih
11
Ihe .ibs Aw\ l'i"';'-> '"'""
.(•tlirl 111 ;i ^
ic;il<'r 111
|c>^ lU'-y
,lriiium :uv ;in;i<'i"«l tn-
riir ril» i;r.i<l<i;ill.V
Irll-tllfli iK'lil
^llnlllT li> till-
Ill,. lii>1 to lll<
lllll
111. Ihcucf liffnluillH
(•ln■^^•l■
t,.u..|l
.,!,. in il... l,.....'llir nl.v;iir.i;.nnvvrr.
til.', ill 111'' lii'lfi-
Id ;ili<
I |i>iiiiil< r lli;iii III < ;i
the 111'- .II'' funi|.;ir;itn«'
an
f lollll 111 II
Il ill til"' Imisc I-
1. 111.' (Ifsir
the well >|.lllll^ OIK-
ll.it ;iii'l I'l";"
'i\ inu I
|„. 1h,.1\ \Uv >liaiM- ku.AMi
•,i> I
hf l.iMTfl. Ill
c;!
ttlc iIk' >lilMi^ "I II
1) \ illlt'N w
itil !hc t\ pf. Ill
■I. It
iii;i\
-l;i
l,.,l thill lli"><- aiiiiiiii!
IIMM
1 lor iiH-at
jir.iiliiciii^- piiip
till- -prill.;.
,|iniil(l liavr A NV
cil -pniii^' 1
il.
iclllU I
i..lii iKHii tin- l'a(
II latt. tli<- iipl'
II. Ill <>l t
lie rill- aid in In
•iiiiii;:,' t
1. ill the (laiiv I'
I lilUcll llfMlft
li;ll .llllficllt (liri'i-tlnll. thr a
iiiinc iirai
l\ t
he t;i<at w iillli "I' \w\i
^ the ril>s takf a soiiir
,r ilic ril.s rociuliliii^'
it
h;„ ,.t;, hip ninlthaii llMl -'1 :> '';•'•"'
is \ el A iiiP'oi tan
t that ihr Ill's ■■' aii<lti).l<ist 1»'
iiiiiil til*
iVoiit Inn
i,>-,h,.Miii I"- w<-ii -pii'ii:^ -" ;t-
1,1 u;i\ (' plenty "
lini;:,- renin,
any typ"' <'
1 <
rill- ap|i
,1 :iiiv l'r«'«'<
lies to al
«lnincMicat«'<l aiuiiia
Is llf
1. Ih,. width nf chest (if the
(lairv <■('
\v i- ta
ken l..-hiiid the -h.'iilders al...iit one
I'o.'t
lelt'W
the w it hers.
'I'lir \ltlli s/'/f (/ (llli)ll(l'. S(
ailed, due
to lack of -prin^- o
rill. /•-<■ ;-;ei
leialU " iKitDiioiisni
s7)/ hdil (liicr.
The nppereiii
ifeaih 1 ill toini>.|<iii
its with two veitehrae,
the rill-
diiriiii:
lire Ihii- eapa
the aet ol 111
111
e spnnsi oi
lilis are
hie of l.eiu- iifti'd npaiidovitwaids
l,,,,j,|,i„... TlH' faetors .leterininins;
Heredity and lim.^ tlevehiii-
lueiit. I«>r wit
animal. I'oiie- w
to sp
ak. inav an
h uood Inn.- dev.dopnieiit in Hi'' .v">»'JI
<si('iialile. so
Heredity. <if
hieli at that tiiii'- are iiapre
I will 1
•e ul\
en direet ion.
the siliuellie
la.toi- of the tw.i, and if g'>"d
12
IW
' riiiiini I'll mn) Is
t'linrnriiiai in
II i-~ \\;iiilc(| iiii!\ iuiiiii;il> w nil ,|icl
I ciiiilur
'ii'''i'"i '•iin 111' ilM'il :i-> lMCf(lci> Willi el
I <li;(licf oC
siiccos. Tlif niiiiilici > 111'
airs III' rili> aic. in |||,. )
(irsc
IS: ciKV. 1:
|iiu, I I.
Ill
• ■\l>lv^^i,.il well Mhl.cij u|) - icrcl> tn III,. (•!•
Ilt's> III' ll||. la^l ill. In I I
I" iiijis. siicli ;i ('(iiiluriiiat ini
I IS
li'sii'cii ill all aiiiinals with i
!<■ CXCCIrtinli (iT ilic (lair\
ilniscs |i
If iva-uji^ iliiii It i
iisriicss ul I I
s SI) (jrsiird arc sf\cial. in
I'' I'liujiliii- Is nlicii an iiidicaiinii of
I'liiT iliP'-li\c anil Slav ill- |in\MMs. ;i,i,I i,, (i,,. I,,.,'!' ani-
mals, ilic 1 is>.ncs luiiniii- ihai i.
"'■iiii'ii. liir iipiM'i' Hank,
aiv toii-li. -ii^llv. Ml larl. ciiiisriiiicnlly iml ul-r, ;ii val
lie
a> meal. 'I'lic hira^l limi
"■ sicrnnni • vt-rv'w fs ih,. atlacii
nifiils 111 ilii. iii>i s lilis . inii. |j|,> , :|||
li icscinlilfs a Imaf
'■^'■'■l: I' ^iii^ill :iih1 iiai iiiw. th,. ||uur uf ih,. cIh-sI \vi|| ;,]«
'"■ iiarniw : ihc lidni |,;iii ,,1' ihc Iif,.;„,| |
mill' ail'l lis CON-
"■niiL
I'liiii \\\i- I'lisbl. Iiiilairy ralllc «.' linij ii .si
lai p
ill "lli''i :iniiiial> sinuuil,. \vi,|,. a,,,! ^v,.|l cuv.-ivil will
innsclcs. 'I'll,. 1
lacklinnc. nils, lnca-i 1
mil' ami Ihc ,li;
plira.i;!!! ' a lai -,■ hiiimI
c sfjiaial iiiL; I III- iiiioi i
'i''"ii '111' Inn-- >;t\ it_\ . cnnstiliiic t
clicsi cav ii \ .
The Limbs. 1
nal ca\il\
ic hiiiimlai i,.s 111 III,
11 I lie I'm !• liiiili> 1 1
tilC sill, 111, 1,.|. , .. ;||,|,|.| ,_ ,1,,. .|,,|,| ,
ii'ic arc 111,. liiiii,.s III
'■■iiliii- anil ulna . ulilic kn,.,. ,1,
iiiiiicrns., I'uri.ariii
cai|,iis. mail,. n|i ,,f
I \Vi
^'"■'" '"'ii''> ■ llii' ••anniiii ami >|i!ii,| I ,.,, i^r;.-
c am!
-mall im-lacai pals , | h,. -.asi
t'lirona '. lli,. p,.,!
i'asicrn ,,s sntliauinis ami
pi'iial. rulTin ami slniiil
C 1)1)11, S I I
ami lis iia\ inilarc ■. III,. last lu,, ]
'l""'- I lie JDII- I ,.s nl' III,. Iiiiil
's |i<.(!is
icin- runiaim-il in ih
imiis ai,' iilii.n said in h
l\ c
a .shall ami p
I' cxlii'inilics. Ihc I. liter, tl
IC cNjiamh.,]
■I'hr Sblrt>.
13
(IK
1> which <Mitcr ii;lu aii<l \nvu\ tli.' \ ;uinus jn
ints: :is a
r('>
lilt ccrlaiii innliniis take place
its Ihc tciiii>
licl\vc<Mi hones, to
dcscrihc siicli iiioNfiiic
Ih
and ( .il( iisidii
1. thus a liiiih is said '«> be he.//r,,></ when bent,
are use(
rrtiitdi'd wlien sti'ai.^li
ielied oat.
Tiie >honi(h'r i)ia(h' is llat an(
1 iriau'ialai- in shiqie
witli a spine nn i
t^ ((Mter surface, ea
ch si(h' «>!' the spine
in tlie (h'piessionsl
huslbrnu'd aic l(id-ed muscles, wliich
asisst in suppoit m^' tlie siiouider i<
inenl nf these ninsch'S is ini^ .>i
)int. The dexch.p-
U'lth
wealing pri>|]ei
ctillar ualls.
etc
blade i^ <tl' in
taut when we consnU'r tlie
ties of the slioulder and its liability to
]M>sition or >lope of llie shoid('er
tcrest to note, because the slope of this
linne is induMt u e. to
a certain <\tent. ot
positions
tai<en bv
Ih
lione-^ helow". e
ill the liLiht horse in
w tin
li a "-real deal of action is iciiiiired
ipinn' siioiilder, such a co
i(b;iion increas
here must be :i
ill^■tlle(dasticity
the 'SAW and t hiis diminisliin.i; concussion.
On the
itlier hand, in the (
i> pi'eteireu
ihe collar, conseipieiilly we notice
iratl horse a more uprij;iit shoulder
d bearinji surface into
11 the heavy lior^^e a
■.o as to briiii; a ^oi
more ii]ui,nh
lOlM-
t shoulder and pasleiiis than in the ]ii;ht
In the dairy cow tiie slope of the slioulder bhules are
(her at Mieir tops, thus <;ivin,i: (Uie ol the
towarils one am
wedii'cs of the triple-wt
lower end of the slioiih
end of the arm. forms a sh
due desired bv daiivmeii.
The
ler blade. to<',ether with the upper
illow ball and socket joint.
one in which there i-
all the others, is sui
consideiaide p'a,i
This joint, like
v((jisulnr lii/aiiKiil,
rounded t)y what is known as the
trom wliiidi is secreted tiie joint oil
It
\'i h riiKini F.l( m( iitx.
1 sv
ii<>vi;i . :i >tia\\v vi-llnw. t.-\v;w. siniicw li;it oily liiiiiid,
iiiacticallv. of uilin^- llic
liicli , Ini 111*' \n[\\)
|i>iin
r
iiif III 1 III' aim ' liii
am
iiifiiis) is a liiii^- hoiic,
nid liackwards. Il is \fiy slriui^
1 <M\ cs altailiniciit tn |)(i\\crriii iimsrics. 'I'lic slojx- nt
,-in[iiii,L: itii\vii\\aiil
\\\\> biiinc \ arifs in li^lil am
1 ii(a\ \ lioisfs. ill tilt' latter
liciiiLT ni'a
ii\ lim i/iiii1al. as llir Nciirc card tfiiiis it •'anii
tliiiiwii well Itac
w 1
III 1 lit' liiilU's liclnw it fdlMIs tlie
clliiiw iiiiiit. wiiicli isiirilic hinuc variety, scvcial iMiwcr-
till linaiiinil- lend In Imld llioc 1 'S tnjictiii'r in place.
Tile tiiines (if the riueanii ■ 1
adiiis and iilua ditt'er coii-
>iilcralil\ ill aiiiiiial>. e-iiecially Willi ret;;ard n tlu- devel-
)ineiil 111 llie II
Ilia, ill limso llie iilii.. is siiial
and
tasleiied III the ladiiis, w liilc in callle. slieei). sw ine an
Man. il is almut ei|iial in si/i
Id the radius and is tVei
in lad. llic develnpiiicn
I 111' the nlna M'enis to lie <lirectlv
propiirl iiinal In llie nimilier nt lingers or lues possess* d.
'i'lie liiiiifs of llie roii'arni are Imi^' Imii
es. At tile uppei
■nd III' llie ulna i^ llie |ioiiil or cap ol llir elliow a
\v and the
local Ion III
diochiiil." I'lie lione (it llic loicai-in ami tlie
upper row of iiiiiie-~ in
llie knee I'oiiii a Inline juiiit. the
usual li^aiiieiils. Niicii as llie capsular
and IIh' sup|)ortii
isr
or
liiiidinti' li.uaniciits licin,^ piocni. The knee or car]
uis
is made u|i of ci;^lil tmncs arraiij;ed in I nmi rows: one hone,
the lia)ie>iuin, is siinalcil at liu hack o|' the knee, and it'
well <le\ eloped liia\ i:i\e llie le^' tile a|)iieaiance of
•• heiii- lied ill " : I his hone is iisiiall,\ w ell develo]ied in
well hied liiir>es. it ui\('s a le\cia;;e lo some of the
muscles th.al ha\
lo do w it 11 Hie th'xinu' I if the knee. A
liuameiil slrelches from Ihe liape>iiiiii acro» the hack of
thejoiiil and thll^ loinis a uroo\c thioii^h which plays a
'11(11111 I iie\iii pe(ii> pel 11 II aii.s ;.
Tlif Skrlclon.
15
If tlic hoiK-s or tendons iiiiiinM
liatclv bcliiw the knee
ir liu'kiii},'
■tif«l ill""!
in size (substaiu-e
the liiiil> is sa
The Joints ol' tlie knee 1><
'\tent of inovement j^et' !i<
lieioiitr to the hin^M' variety, tin
id to l>e
less tVoni alii)\e down.
II.
as
tlie
lesi
lit of inllamin
at ion of the parts, hmiy depo'^i*^
are thrown oil
t and the Joint ino\ t
nient limited or
sted, the eon
arre
eannon bone
ililion is know as knee-spavin
Tin
has attached to it on i
ts hinder siirfaee two
Ninall hones eoininon
Iv called KiiUiit hoius. These splint
hones often termin
;ite at their lower ei
ids in little knobs,
which are apt to bi
r.ony deposits thrown on
a splint bone constitute sj
be mistaken by the novice for .s//^/(/.s'.
t between the cannon bone and
ilint.s. The knol)s are normal.
The cannon articulates with the
aiK
1 thus forms the fetlock Joint,
the splint is abnormal,
lonjr i)astern bone below
which isof the hin-iv variety, beiiind this joint are two
rounded bones, the se.samoids. The l(.n<i' pastern bone
forms a hiiijie joint, tlie pastern Joint, with the os corona-.
ith
This bone, the short pastein bone, also articulates \n
the bone of the foot, os pedi>
circular in (»iillinc. si
The coi'tin bone is seini-
imewhat tiie >liape of tin; hoof;
at its ba.k extremities are the win<;s. so called, to each
of which is attached a half mt
(cartila>re). known
K n-s
hajied piece of gristle
as the lateral cartilage. The
ro
nnd.
uppo
horde
(MS ol these cai
id
at the upper and bac' pai
■tila<,'es can be felt quite rea<lily
rt of tlie hoof, thev should be
able, if not thev have become bony ( ossi
niov
are
cartilau'es ai
tied
aiK
henceforth known as sidebones:
in some liorses tlie
•e naturallv lirmer than in others, such cases
nil
ist not be mistaken fur side bones.
1
16
1'' h riiiiini i!li III'', its.
Ill 1 illiiilialils ■ :iiiiiii;iU I li;it clicw I he cm i. c. j;. , cattle
ami shcc|i '■ the caiiimii Iidhc i> s|ilil at the Inwci cimI and
the |ia-ieni liiiiio are iii'^l iliiiil)le(i in iiiiiiiKer. the hones
III' the luut. li(i\ve\e|-. ciiiil|(rise I w i > .se|iarate jiahes. tilt'
>|iace liet Ween IciihiinL; I lie cli
It. Ii i^ i'l il
IC rcLiinll lit
this clel'l iliai I
iiiiilile (icciii> ill the j'eet ul cattle ami
>hee|i. rarei\. liiiwcMT in liii;;>. ihie to [larlicles iildiil
and ,^ia\ el which iiriiatellie pails, or eUe the result ut'
inlecliiin.
Ihe hind limb. It i>w(irtli while nutieini; theilitleiei
ice
iii llie niaiiiier Miallacliiiieiit nft he liinii ami hi ml I i ml is ti
the Iniiik. The h
re linili^ arc <inl\ attached 1)\ mux-
111 laet. ll:elin(l\ may lie cuiisiileied a> >liinu' het ween t li
iVnnt liiiili-: m the hind limli-
lictweeii the liiiiik ami li
iiiiy attachment exists
T
lis attachiiient i>
•Iweeii the hmies nf the crmiii and mie ut' the pel
iiie> il mill . T
JieU i>. t he lar^e I
pel\ le
i>n\ riii.u at tlicexit
li'iin the alidiiiiiinal ca\il\. is lurnied liv t
le eniiii)
acrniii ami t he
I inmimiiiata. a jiair of lumes. each (if
"liich l> mmle lip .il thiee Ix.nes. The three li-Mles lia\<'
technical name-, which we shall lia\e {<• ii>e in delhiilt nf
"'Ik'I'^i 'li'',\ iiie : llniin. i-chinm and pnlii>. The iliuui
!■" Iliil mid is tiianuuiar in diitliiie. Iwu of its aiiules. the
"ii'''i' mid inner, can ivadilx he seen in thin animals.
The uniei aii-le is kiiuwn as the hip hmie ,>v hunks in
iii'.\ raltle. in which txpi- a certain pinmineiice is
(1;
'l''-ii«'d. the .ippnsiie cniiditiiin is desired in aiiimah
t he meat t\ I
c. Simietimes the result of an accident.
due tn carelessness, etc.. such as ciowdiim tliiumd
I nai-
niw (hmi'wavs this 1
ii|i pnint is hiuken. ami the animal
is then said In lie il,
nun in III)' hiji: the lesion can h
Tlir Skrhh
1
noticed l)y .st;iii<liiii; >(|iiiuclv lit'liiiid tin- iiiiiinul. The
iseliimii. tlic next liii'^cst hone of tlic ti'io. situated
iM'himl tJM' iiiiiiii. is soiiicwliat similar in slia,n': only
one aii^ic is seen aii'i tliat I'ni'ins the point of t lie buttock
or pin hone: Nomdiincs this piol nluTance is hrokeii oH".
to delect it a >ide \ lew is necessaiy. The two ischii are
nniteil to I'oiiii tlie liack ( posteiior ' pait of the tioor of
the jieiv i<' ca\il\. in sheep and cattle a notch is formed
at liieir points ot' union. 'i"he |iniiis is a Hat lione and
with its fellow forms the fore i anteiior ) part of the pelvic
lloor: on ihe |inl)is rests the bladder. 'l"he ischii and
pnbes of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., are slow to j^row
toj;ether, consequently there is considerable allowance
for widenin;;' of Ihe pelvic .avity. a condition of great
-.■r\ ice tothoe animals when bi-in<.iinj; forth their younj;-;
in malnn' horsi these bones are fused together, iio play
is pos>il)lc in that direct ion.
All tliiee biMies iinile at one point to foi'in a deep
suket. kn>wn as the acetabulum, which recvives the
head of th<' thigh bone ^ femur i. This joint is a deep
ball and socket with the usual ligaments to support it.
etc.. in the horse I all solipedsi a ligament is pi-eseiit
which is not lonnd in cattle, hence we account foi' the
side kicks from cattle i mule .' i.
'["he !iip Joint is (|nite pionnneid in daily breeds and i.s
known a^ thf tliurl. The thigh bmie i femur; is \ery
strong, slopes (low n ami forward, and at its Iow«M' end is
wi) Joint >iirfaces. one of which i.s
> of the jndley surface being the
ilai^'cd to jo) m t
ui
1 11 1 1 e \ i
ik- , the iiiiiii li|
larger. < »n tlie pnlley surface plays the stille bone
1 jiatella or knee c.ii ot man i, ow ing to the coni'oriiiatioii
jg \'rli riiKirii Kiiniiiils.
of thr pails til.' Mill-' m:i.v Im- (lisi)lar.'(l niitwar.l. Imt nut
iiiwaid: this (li>|.larciiifiil (Ifprmls ^ivallvdii tlicstal"'
of tlir lat.'ial I ij,Miii.Mil>. Tlif hum- ul' tin- slitlf leccivt-s
a iiiimlMT III' li^'aiiifiit> ami aUu iiiumIcs. Tlic linm-s of
the lowr: tli'-li ititiia ami lilnila i ailinilalc with the
otiicr joint >urra(T of till' Iriniir. Ihr mot ion i., that ol ii
iiinuc. Till' lai;;r>l of tlirx' hours (tii>iai is \<'iy hare
of mii>iilai cov ri iiiu 111! the iiim-r siijo. an extra thick
covciiii;,' iif lit-rioslcum is iIhmc picscnt. howcvci-: tliis
hone is soiiH'timt'S hiokcii hy a kick, the hrcaka;;f > Irac-
luif) may not he iioiiccil. the ends hcinL;- held in place
hv the strong peiio>teiim. nidess tiie animal is pnt to
work, when the eml> hecome disiilaced and a> a result
acute lameness, neressitatinj; slau.uhter of the animal.
The tihula is small in the Imise. in cattle and sheep is
represented h\ a til. ions gristly) ciud. iu the pi^^ it
extends tlie entire lenLilh of the t'liia.
The hock joint. The expanded end of the hone of the
lower thi;,di lihia - meets the two lari^e hones of the hock
< taisns. ankle in man and forms with tliis iiullcy surface
prohahly the most impoitan! Joint, in animals, from the
horsemaiTs standi)oinl. owin- to the ureal amount of
work done ami lothe jieci. liar arianii'einenl ol the hones,
it is in the region of the hock that such diseases as ntrh,
sjiiiriii. hoiif and Imi/ are found. 'I'liis joint is known as
the true hock joint and is ot' the hin^e variety, when
motion lakes jilace the tendenc\ is to turn the foot out-
wards in the diiectioii of the iniiley surface. The hock
is compoM'd of six hones, arian^cd in rows, the upper
i-ow conlainin^ the i \\ o main hones, os calcis ami astraf^-
iilns Till, i>>. I' ili'i^ I tlu- lii'i'l liiiiii< III 111:01 1 lei>. at lached
Th> SLchti
19
In its po^it'iior siiir;icc a ii'4aim'iil \' licli, w lien siUMiiicd
ami ciilarm'd. (•Hn>iiiiitf
'/'.
1 i-iiih. a cfiiKliI mil rcMilliii;^
rnnii tlir iDiilnnnat inn ciirliv oi' sicUlc Imcks i. or tlic
work pcifinrricil in slnd malt"-'. ()nfiiri|ic hock hones,
t hf cuhoid. sitnati'il onllic outer >i(h' ot' the hock, jn^t
below tlu' lah'is, nia> lie rou^h. ami in siieh cases may
cauM- !lie animal lo lie credited \\ itii a s|ia\ in or (airh. in
all such cases Ihr Imr/.s slnmld hi riiri I'li/li/ niiiijiitnd and
coarsene-s ot' t he lioiie not mislakeii toe di>eased condi
I ion>
1"
le joints ot' the hiii'^e \aiiet\ lielueeii the
towel' I'ows ol hock liotiev aie lint as ini|icn'laiit. a> the
motion alle\\c(i is not nearly so e\teiisi\eas in the true
ho(d< joint. r.elow tjie hock, the bono are anan^icd in
a similar manner to those in the lore limli. Ahiiorinal
liony enlargements are sometimes present on the pastern,
and are then known as riiniliunes: splints are rarelv
present oil the hind caniioiis.
Location of points or parts in animals. The acc(uiipa
nyiiii;- limire will i;ive the no\ ice an iilea ot' the location
of the various points in ("airy cattle: in a ;;cneral way the
li^iiire can he iiseil lor other ciasse-- of live stock.
Till poll i> the spa<'e between andjust behind the horns
ot cattle and ear> of horses,
Tlii'/iiri'/iKiil. that part of the head from the base of
llie ears to a line draw
n tioin tile inner corners of tin
eve
Till- fun lurk, the tiiti ol iiair between the ears.
Thi fun ( \ <, WvM portion 1 etwceii th<' level of the eves
and the mn//le.
'/•//.
iini::lr ( r, } iiiclndo the iKotriKand the lips, in jii^
kn
•))) \'i li riiiii) II I .!< Ill' ii'^-
tllC U Illicit.
VAr hnsL.I Ml- I.i.mM !■_• ; lli.- sli-iiM-'i' tn|,s ,11) I'V
>.,,in.' ;mili..iili.-;tiv i.-im.-.i 'm/.v iii r.iill.-. alili-n^h \\\v
UMI;lll\ :i(r,-|,l..l LmmIImH 1 >> I1I...1 |,ru|,l,. 1- 1 li;lt liuil
I'ntfil l>y llii' iiiiuiliiT l-'.
•/•//< intli.rs li;i\.- ;iIiv;h1\ Ihiii in.iirinii.'.l. II -Ih.w-
llic Itiral inli flisnlx rloll-'ll.
77,, „,,„ is l,„';ll.-il ;i1m,1|| the lill«Mli\ l-lill.U 111!' -lliMlI.l.T
llulii 1 lir \i-Z ill 1 ll<- I'lLlill <■.
77,, /,,,, ,/,,., is p,.iiil.il oiil h\ the iumiiIht •_'!. //,'.■,(„
„o„nl■^/,,^, l.\ 111-' IlllillWrl ■_':;. '/" hunts ,,y , lairs 1,> lllllll-
I, ,..•_•:.. //,' , •,„•,. „,/ ImMII- llf -'II .•lf\;lli"ll :l' 111-' lipi'.T
]i;|l I III I ill' 111 ml.
77,, /',„, ;/,,„/. is l.iral.'il Jiisi lifliiml llir •■liiuw. sjiown
1,\ iiuinhiT :;u. //„ /■,/,/ /,/'s- -ti •. Ill '"■'■I '-^iiil'' -'* ■""'
;;il ciilisliimf //,r /;/'//'.s; -JT ( sli|iil,.s llh- Incatliill (iT //,<■
Ixirh-rlhs. \\U- lipiiiT liniliiill s iinrlilllrs lirill- tcrilir(l Ihr
,<,iil,!illil. Ihr ihtiiL is siiuwn 1,> -J^. thr rhnir 111 111-
, .111, Irs llial pari ul ili.' bai'k Iniiii //" /'""^' "' lo'lic
shuiildiTs. Th, hijis ,,v h'inl,. 17 aiv 111.' Ii.iiil i..aiii(la-
1 irs i,r //,, ,„,„/^s (ratllf . rrmii, li.irs,.s . iii(ii.-a!c(l l.y !>:
Ill sliuws //,./,,■/,/•„,„/ nr //,,/,/. Ill 111"' i«'!;nl lircl' 1 1 adc
111,. i„.:IitIiiiiisi- ami snlnin ,iils air lak.ai iVum tlic loin
(■111; IfiMlrii.iin strak is takni tmiii liir in-^i' aiMl.jiiNt
1„. 11. -1111 tlh rills nil .•nil. -I si, I,- if 111., spinal .■nliiinn. is
nilllls||,.,l 1,\ ill,. ps,,a. Illl|s,.l,.s, 11 lllls is .l.lllf 111., p.'i
l,.lll,,l|s,. ,.|n is sp,.lir,|; ill,- 1 ilMoasl is :;i,t I'l nin 1 !:,■ spot
■_'(;. tin' liHv I ills. 77„ , ,7^ an. 1 /,,'/, .aiU ai.' .Ini.l.'.i li*'-
lv\.-..ii 111.. l«..lnli aii.l Ihiil.'.ailli ill's, aii.l '/"' loin scpil-
ial...l Iruiii //,' loiuiil al Ui.- p;>'iiil <>\ Hi.' Hi]
I. 1 lie .1 1 \ is-
Thr SI, I, I,
21
ion \n-\\w\-\\ sitiiiihli r cliiick ) :iiii| / //mmiK i> lilildt' lit-l w ecu
llic liltll illl'l >i\lli llli-^.
■/'/(/■ ihiiiL r^s) ill ilic lidiM', -iiicily N])r;ik i n^;. cxlfinls
t'l nli; 1 he lnili> Id I lie lif||\ . 'I'lir IciWi
Ulllllllldli ill |.i;;> i^ 1 lie
r I lii.^li, .uii^In ill. nr
,11 I i>l' till- lf;;liill >||(I\V ill'T
nil III! Ill
'1 : III' ilucL is 111.- -^uiiii |i;ii I ipj' llii- l;iil.
Ihe hpiqht dl ;i lldi-^r i> llii- \(-rlic:ll (li>l;llirc tVniil llic
hi^lu'^l pdiiil df llii- \\illicr> Id llic ^rdiiiiii. llic i;irlii i-^
liikcn iirdiiiiii ihc lpdi|\. |ii-i licliiiiil ihc ^lidiildcrs. tlic
(l<-[it h uf I he chc^l Im-IIi^ iimMnIIIciI ;i1 t lie >;iliie ,s|miI.
n
u
lit.
Ui
tfl
( iiAi'ri;i: ii.
THE MUSCLE5 AND THF.IR WORK.
'I'lif liiiiiv >k<'l<'lim JN clut |i«
.1
III vc\fr;il \;iiiL'tit's nC
ti-Mlf. Ill wliiili tlic iMiisclcs ;ii<' nl' |iiiiii:ir> i iii])(titiilic('
ill tlif >tiitl,\ ti| ((intniiiiiilioii and Hir litiicss id llic aiii
lllili tor Iniiil pill |(i)Si->. Alinllifi- tiNslit> is cnlllicct ivt'
I i>^iii'. II
r a >tl■.>ll'^
iioiis iiatiiif. w
liici
1 |)iciccc(ls iiiwa
III
cuhir t Issue
Tl
(■ less cxposcc
liMiu till' >l<iii, iiiiiiiiii;; licl wccii |>ii!'tlniis of the muscles,
and llius <^i\ es coarseness aii<l tlie j^raiii to meal ( inus
1 a uiiisc le is tlie smaller
the amount of coniieetive tissue. ('onneeti\f tissue also
tonus ligaments and tendons ( the ;;iistly parts of mus-
cles •. eiisheathes holies, cart i la j,'e (jriistlej and ueives.
If coiiuecti\e tissue is present in excessive ((\nuit dies it
renders a muscle
hard
detiiH
is tlie cause
• f th
-calleil round bom
liorsemeu: therefore, we can
iiake se\eial valuable deduct iims with re^Mid to the
animal
How;
As the thickness of the skin is a
measure of the amount of c(uiiiecti\ c tissue, the thicker
the hide, other thin^^s bein^ e(|ual, the mor" connective
tissue ill and about the muscle; these observations can
be ma<h- b\ any i)iact ical man. ■_'. As its action is nil
])assiv'
the more connective tissue enterinii into a mus-
•le the slower the movement of that nniscle
lu'iici
as a
result, a [loorly deliiied muscle, as for e\aiiii>le seen
below the knee or hock, and a thick skin may be taken
lo null
i"i
ueiiCiiilic'
Ml .'*ilVV»-4,
•f? -1
24
\'i fi I i mini I'll nil Ills.
iiiiil-. I III' i|ii,ilit \ 1> inlfi In I'll w I
tl^^llc I-' III f\Cf^-. lllf (c>;|l ^clii-o,
III i: ll
ic (citilicc! I \ <•
l;i(k <>( plialiilil;. <.{■
liriii" iiiilii:ii iiiii>. Medl lull ' ll- ^lidwiiiir
•>c\ I'l ;|l ciilipl ■-, I :illll'ii\\ 1 1 Ki'
I-- ;il\v :i\ -~ luliuli. due In I In
|il I'^rliri- 111 idiihiTl l\ I' I i--^llr \\ ll Irli, lii-i li;^ In I \fil III W It ll
llir llillsiii
III ;lll llM' ^h
1. 11 ll--~'lli-, ;;i\i'^ IIk- lii'rllll;il plav i>\ fiilnl'
ick. i\ii-||r
III' III III iiiliii:^ ^liii\\-> III the
|ll;llll \ n| I lir nK III. Iiriirr W r
li.iv I' siiiiinl I la^iiii^ Im I lie
ii>i' 111' wi-ll liinl ^iii'> ami ilaiii^ in jucti
•llCf 111 tl
iiiiiii^irl. wlii'lliii tin- |iici:;iii\ Is fill (liall |iiir|iusf> or
till I I. ^Ius^•l^■s cdiisi ll III!' llir liiiii ul iiiiMt ami aiT
maili' iiji nl tiiir lilno. .MoNinniil lako iihnr li\ liir
>iiiii tcinn;^ tiiiil I act imi I i licsi' tllucs. Jhr >i rcn;.;! li
it a iiiiisclc Is iin
iiiii I HHiatr III it> lli]rkm-s>. iillicr tlii
lii'iiiL; ii|iial : it lia^ Ihmmi i-s| imati-il ilmi a uius.'lc cdii-
t lacts a 1 11 111 I twii I 111 I lis lit i|s Iriiu' ll- tlicn-rnrc. tin- si ride
ili'lirmis nil 1 111' Iciii;! h iiT I III' iiii|s( ll' : as Ini^lli nl iiiiis-
rli' is acrnlil|iailifil li\ Irll^lll nl hniir, wr call nllcil jlKJ^^t'
tlir t'niinri l>v tin- lalliT. Ill till' laiT Imrsc we dcsiir
till' ;;ri ui> ' j. - .Mr l.-'vi'i nl' iiiiisrlr with siitliriciit
sliiiiL;ilt I'm caii^iii^ wciulil. As a thin iiiiiscic will
cuiitiact as i|iii(kly as a lliirk niic ni' t lir same Irii^t li,
tliriflnii'. till' lai-fi iiiiiscit' wiiiild 111' ii disadvaiila;^f,
nw iiii; In ihi- im-irascd wi'i^lit nf liniii' ami iniisclc. and
(•oiisci|iii'iilly niiatii liiclinii, tn^cilicr wjih iiicicasod
sliiw iii'ss tn iii'iAnUs sliiiiiili. Muscli's aif dixidctl into
tlrsliy and li'iidinniis iinil inns, t lir lattci' aic tiMii;li. liard.
til
nulls cnriU .sinews); lielll.^ tnr Ihe pmiinse of t
cniio-
iiii/iiijj, siiaee and t'nr attacliineni In Imiies. .Muscles ai'e
I'elated t»f tlu' lind\ and linihs accnrilinL; !<• their actimis
iiiiii inCailOns. i he ailtnillli ni iiMCL" e.\ii 1 ijilcu in a
Till \lii\ilis (liiil Till 11 W'lnl.
nillxlc l> |i|i>|iM| I liiiKll l<i llir ilr- I <■!• Ill >l iiiimI;iI liili ;^i\cll
li\ ll> llflV (■>, I hclct'iil c, I III' inm (• I llil ;;<•! It III ;nl Inn, I III-
>llii||;;ci. n||li-r lllill;;^ lirlMU' ''lH.ll.
\\ lifli •^|if;ikiii^ i>l inu>i li'^, I he I'lMil cimI i^ ijir mii/
in
I In- |i;ii I nr rml il iimx (•->. Iln ni.si i li
^iiiiif III I III
nil
niiHf llll|Mil I;|||I IllllM'io .lie hfir l;iki-ll ll|> ;ilii| their
iifi jiiiis, iiiiL;iii> and in^t-i I iiiii> iinniK ij. liii^c nl ilir
linili> Iti-iii;^' nf csiMTial inlnc-l. a^diajin;; wilji JnciiiiKt
linn. rilf lilsl liillMJr MTll allfl Ihr IfllHiVal nit llr ^kill
i-' the mil- Ihal twitrlit-- llii -^kiii. the ll\ >liakci.
|ian
iiicniiis (■aiiiii>n>. il-
ilaiif^ ar
I' III im |iai I il iilar
iiili-ii'^l. It- art inii^ air. a->i>liii^a> il i> .sanl In. iiillic
i'\|iiiUiiiii III' ail t'iniii Ihf Iimil;^ « lini lii-lilv il»\ fln|M'(l,
^rrll III I lie rai r lli>r>f.
\\ licii llic ruiclcu' is aihaiKTil. Ihr slinnldcr jninl is
e.ih nihil and I'llmw jnint lli.nil. u hni drawn liark llic
ilil>nsilf lakis
dllr In I lir ad inll nl a | ii i\\ CI III I
inii^rlf I tiiff|is I'Xli'ii^iir liraclin alla(ii<-(l at niic end In
ihct'rniit nf tlif --liniildcr liladr and |h.||i' nl the fllmw.
JU.sl. bflnw the lc\ <-| nf I lit • ell in w inillt. ,\ lliil llt-r |»n\S('l I'lli
1I11I.V'1. , lic\nr l.iacliii' allaclird in Ihr pnillt nl' tlic
sliiMildrr lijadr and at tlir nllirr In \\u- licad nl llir lionc
<it'lli<' Inicarni. //r<> v , lii-ni|> > tin- ^Imnldrr iniiil and
slniKjhttiis u-\tfnd~. tlic cllmw jnim. 'riirrc arc ntlicr
iiiiiinr iiuisclo that as>i>t in Ihoc iiin\ (•incuts. Tiirco
iiiiisclcs McMir iiiclacarjii externum, iiicdiiis and iiitcrniis)
/"/('/the knee. lhe> nri,i,Miiatc mi the hack nf tlic arm iiisf
a!>n\-c the clhnv, jnint and arc iii-cilid In i lie hmn- at tlie
li.ii'k nl'the kiicci t ra|ic/iiiiir,aiid I he splinl linnet. Tlie twn
innscies i cxtciisnr pedis and cxlcnsnr viirria;,'iiiis i. whicli
sinu<jiii(n iiio icliock. pasicin ami cnum jnint.s, run down
pi
26 \'i tt riiiiiri/ IJIi iiichI.s.
the fi'diit <>r Ilic luivaiiii. <iiic (.ii^iuiit<>s ;ii llii' li'M'l "I
tlic loMic of the Iniviinu ami !■- M;>citc(' mi tlic iVniit Mir-
face uf ilic upper pa^trni
huiic: I lie ntlicr cmiinu'iict's
III! Ilic li'iiic lit' till' anil Just
alin\ (• llu- cllx.w Joint ami
fii(l> oil tlic uiijii'i' ami tVoiit
pail of the cnl'llll linllc.
'I'liiiM- iiiiiscio which /"/('/
the Ictlnck. jiastcni aiMl col'-
:in joiiit.>aiiil aid in licmlin<j,'
I he knee. nii.Liimile on t he
hack part ot' the t'orcarni:
a short distanci' alios c the
knee t iie\ liccoine ti'llilllioils
(sinew like ; and loiaii wliat
are know n a> t he ■• haciv
tendons."' or. as they are
soiiietiiiies called, the cords
or sinews: at the hack of
the knee tliev pass through
KMi'ii'-iir |"iU~,
A. I.atoriil cxtPiisDi- of iii> lacat-
pus. U. Kl.-xorsDf Ui.- loot. f. C;ir-
piJ llKiUiU'iit of iK-rloniiis tendon.
V, !•:. I'crfciralus. V. Small nieta-
oaipal splint Lcmo. (i. Suspensoiy
liXaniont. H. Lateral buiui <>f imta-
carpal plialan«eal sliialli. I. I'< i-
fovans tiMulon. .1. liircps. K.
AnttTior. or grciit extensor <■! the
nieliiearpus. I,. External inela-
earpi. M. ObU<inc extensor of the
nutuearpiis. N. Tendon of anter-
ior extensor of inetaearpns. < i.
Uraneli of snspensory llKaiuenl. 1".
iiiiiiL' liraiieli ot -.nspensor.v ll^anielit above. The line>
i,...r.i I..,.. 11 ion ot :iiinul;n- liL'aneiit or knee e:ip.
I
'I'lif Miisi-hs mil] T/irii W'nfk.
27
a sliralli I'dniitMl hy llic 1 ia]it'/.ii;iii ami Miuliiii; i an-
iiiilai > 1 i';aiiifiil. lliciicc clown llic \>;[ck nl' tlic caiiiKtii
liiiiic. 'llic one l.\ iiiL: ill iVcint llic llcxnr | .'(lis jicrfo
rails I lies iii~-l licliimi I lie sus|iciis(pi\ lij^aiiicnt. i^ncs (>\«'i'
llic sesamoids, little roiiml hones at the hack of tlic let-
lock, ilow 11 the liai'k ol'llic pastern until it passes oxer
t lie shiitt le Ikhic > os na\icii!ai'c . which lia^ a smoolli.
piillev like siirl'ace. and isihen inserted ^ fastened i into
the iimlci- side of the coi'liii lioiic. It is of interest to
know that this muscle i^ re in forced just below the knee
\>y what i> known as ! he c/ucL liL;ameiit. When dis-
cus-,i!i^- the joints, st riici iiii'-^ called ligaments were meii-
t ioned ;ind their t'uiicl ioiiv descrilicd : in <'oi meet ion with
the muscular tissue's, there are what arc known as sii.s-
jii iisiiii/ and clii:/, lii^ainciils. whose ollices ai'c to render
assistance in a greater or jess decree to musch's. The
siisjieiisoiy ligaments are \ ci y iiowfilul. and iftiie hack
tendons were se\ ered would pre\enl the letlock sinkiii^'
to the Linaind. The >us]iensoi'\ IJLiamciit lies ri^lit Ixdiiiid
the <'a 11 noil and het ween the t wo splint hones, it orit;iuates
at the lower row of knee hones aial passe> to the fetlock.
a shorl dislaiice aho\ e which it di\ides into two hamls.
which are inserted to the soanioiih-. parts of the li.^a
iiieiit. liowc\i>r. pass down and forward and unite with
the muscle (extensor pedis » that extends the fool. It is
a i|Uestioii whether this liL'aiueiit is cajpahle of >trelcliiui;',
111 doLjs. cats and pi.u> its |)l,ice i> taken hy a muscle, in
mail h\ two muscles. The check li;;ameiil (carpal stay)
is a colli inual ioii of a itowerfiil lij^amcut which fills in
the spates at the hack of the knee joint, as slated- It
assists om of the ha( k tendons. The rear most lenihai
•jS \'i It riixiri/ IH' nil ids.
( ll.-\nl' lic(li> licliuialll> ' li<'^ Jll'-t licllind Ilic IxTlnniMS
and uiKlrriicalli ilir -Kin. ami iv(ri\c'> a iv iiilnrci ,g
li^'aiiu'iil al>i«\.' ilic kn.'f. 'I'liiv niuxlr jinn .■.•(1> dnwii
tlic liai'k (if llif liiuh anil rniiii> a >licalli al liic t'clldrk.
Ilii'on-h \\lii(di 1 1" Iriiddii (d llic pel luian- ]ia>si'S and is
il|s,-ll.-d nli lllf sllull l-a-l.Tll \>nur. '\'\\i- sllsj,, iisnri/
li</,liiii III mill III" IiikUiiis >iiiildd lie //"/(/ and in II ih lint , I
in Ihc lini>c : In In- V,,. ihcif nm-l nut lie a ,i;rcat annmnt
uT conni'cl i\ (' li»ni'. ihc n.T\nii> innc niu-t iic -."'d. and
tlicrc nin-l he nu inliaminal inn nr il> |iiiiduft> in tin-
parts. < apl. \\.\\r>. in •• I'.nnts .d I ln' I |,.i -,r."' >ays Ihc
faclnrs in lundindnu siiun- t ixsno. sindi as clean, liai'd
mnsidcs. arc Hcrcdil\. iiard I'h.mI (••uals. mtt <t,ni"\
cxcicisc. a dr\. >\ arm climate and |-".a--tcin l)lnud. d"hc
tii'st thi-cc l'aclnr> aii' \\cll under Ihc cuntiol <>[ e\cr\
ranner : knowled-c of >ncli lactni> and their intclli-'cnt
\iM' lendci liiecdim: <ip<aatnpn> imne snccc-^-ful ami. cnn-
scipnaitiy. mtn e >at i-lacldiv . Some \cfy lai .^c and vciy
l.nwcilnl musch- l,ati>-^imn> d.n>i. ^Trains |in>li(Mis.
l(.n"is>imn-- dui>i i extend alnm: the hack and loins, they
coiitrihiite to the In-cathinu mo\cmenls of the aidinal
and extend the >|.ine; the vdlurtble medt cuts ot' the hack
and loin> ale coiit lihiited lai-cly liy I hesc mii>cle>: in
fact, if an imauinai\ line he drawn from the shouhlcr
point to the point of the hnltock. neail\ all (d tin- vain-
ahle cnl- w ill he alio\ e that line.
I'oni powertnl mif-cle-. i he pectoraU ,iiid t he sei rat i.
foiininu' the muscles of the aiinidl-. aie themcaii^hy
which the hody is -Inn-' hetwecii the lore lci;s. The
iiuiscio of the hind linihs are of -icat iinporlance and
soiiu' of lliem (d immense si/c ; in tlic meal t\ [ic id' aiii-
Till' Miisi-Irs (iild Thiir Wnil;.
iiDil (•>]iiTi;illy j^icat iiiu-.ciilar iic\ cliiiiiiiciit in this rc;^iiMi
is oM'iil i;il. ;is ihcsc umiscIo cniit I'lliiilr liii'i^cly to llu'
lii^li itriccil (•ii1>.
'I'lic hip ur ciipiiii i> (./ > iiili d liy the ^ical riiiii|i iiiiix'lc
(gluteus iiiaMiiuis '. wliicli aUn ex i-1n ill icaiiii^-. and by
-.cillic IllUxlcv w liirll li.' al lllr iiack uf I lie Iliii;li liiint-
I t'rli'.Ml' I. 'I'lic ;;rfat iiiiiip iiiiisclc is allaclitMl to llu.'
Mppci' poll inn o!' I lie pel \ is i I limn and iiiii> t'urw a'd as
I'ai' as llic la>l lili. ils inscrlioii lii-iiiL;' on llir licad of ilic
; il i^il 1 III lie. riic inlisclo al I lie l):ick of I lie I ii i^li uri^i
iialc on tiic iiiidi I' siiiracf ol' llic prh i> iVoni lidiind llie
hip Jojiii In ilif point o| ihf imitock aii<l arc inst-itcd
princi]iall\ to I lie hiw cr pai I of llu- t!iit;li Imhic oitlic
upper [loll joll of the 1 lolic 1 ich )\\ tile liliia . 'I'llf liip
i^ III nil h\ )iin>( h'> psoac tlial ha\c liicir origin on
ihc undfr sinfacf of liic la--l doisal \ crlihrac and I'ihs
and ilii- hiiii; Ihcy also ■■ml lo nrrli llic hack and ininu
1 he aniniai to iis fci i alter reaiin;^'; the inscrlions are on
till' 111 iL;ii lione. ( )l her iiiiiscio I ricepsaihluc'oi s fciiioris
^ai loi iii^ and pect incus w hiidi are attached |., the under
--uriace of I he jich i-~ ill Iroiil of the hip joint, ihc lhii.di,
^lille and lower I lii.uh al>o //c/ i he hip. Some of i |ies(-
iiin-clc-v al>o draw I he hind 1 iiiilis oul w ai il ■ ahda( I • some
inward> > adduct i.
'riic^lille is iiiiiidiil hy one muscle ifcctiis femoris')
wliiili has ils oriL:in ou Ihe under surface of the jich is
pisi ill iVoiii of tiie hip Joint. jK iM>ertion l)eiii,i;' to the
^lille. ■|'lii> mn>elc a Uo //r.c ,s iIh' lii|). The Hitle is
llr.rnl cliielly I ly :i iiiiisch' iiiccps rolator tjhialis)
attached lo the peh i> i>eliiiid the hip joini and to the
lower thiuh t ilua < oi' uaskiu.
|:^
i -IS
II:
I MM
.'{o Yftrriiunii I! Ii UK Ills.
I lie liMck iiiinl iiiir/liti HI il ( cxtciKlcil li\ lln' iiiiis-
I'lcs 111' I he ;:;l>kill ( }^iUSt l'< mIicIii i i w ll irii h;| \ C t llfi f i ui.ui M
nil I III' liiw fi' I Ctrl 111' ; lie 1 lliLlll iiiilir. niif li;i> il> i lisci I i( il>
tn tllC linilll (iT lllC linck. lIlV nl licr 1 1 1 I lie 1 M pIICn i )!' I 1 If
IKisIfiii ami I'lKii: iIh- laUci- \\ i,rii cxlfinlin^- tlif Imck
ilext'^ I lie let lock ami iiiiiil'- liclnw . Ik iinm-ipal ii>«' i>as
ii inccliaiiical luaci' diiriiii;' staiKliii.u' ami lliii- picscrs o
the Inilaiici': .lior iw" iiiii'-clc-~ I'mwi llic liani-~l ijiil;'.
l"lr\ii>n iil'iliis iiii|)(irtaiii Jniiii i> iii-il'uniiril 1>.\ puwcr-
I'lil inii>clf> tlfx.pi iiiflatar>i. f\icii--iir |)riii> ami iifiun-
(•ii>). 'I'lii- iM'ii ii> nii^iiiaic^ Mil Ilic lilnila. itHii> t 111'
«'\lcll>i'l' |iriii> licjiiw llic JhM k. ailil i> III ililcIfNt licraux'
ol'llic railical !<]>■ fatinii |icrluniic(l nii it with llif idea oj'
(airing- slrini/lmll : it is icall\ an acrrs>(ii\ ( IicIiht )
iiiux'ic tci tlir (■\tcii'-(ir iH'iJi-.. Till- th'Mir iin'latar>i mij;-
iiialo at the lowia' rml ni the tiiiuii Imiic and tn iiiiiiatcs
at liic loWfi- |i(irlinii (if the liurk li\ Iniii i iiscil i' HIS. line
III' wiiicii i^ |iiiilnimc(l (i\ cr t lie >itc (if //<;//(■ .v/('//-/;;. and
ill ■-m\L;ifal \\<ii k Ini t lie id h'f uf ^ncii a (■<imlit imi i> nltcii
stncrcd. Tlic cxtin-oi' |irdi> ni i- iiiat<'> mi tlu' >idi' uf
the IdWiT end III till' tlii.uii liniic and i> attaidicd Inliic
tllici- hiplio lii-liiW till- Irllmk. ((iliMMinclltl ^' the joillls
licluw thr Imck arc extended li> lliis inii-clc. An
ac(|iiaintaiicc with the (ni^iiis, iiixal imis and aclinns nl'
the linili iniisclcs is ,>{' cs|iccial \aliie a- an aid In delect
and locale laiiieiic>>. 'I'll" a|>|iaratii> lur jiei fniiniii^r
iiiii\ eineiits ill animals is. as is seen. cuiii|iiise(l uf liuiies.
liLianieiits and niiiscics. which ate 1iiiiiil:1iI into a iimre
or less inliinate lelation. we niiLiiii leriii it irictionai
relation. Naliiie has inade |iio\ isimi to reduce Ihe Irie-
tioii ami iis ciniseiiiieiices to a iniiiiiiiiiin. ))\ what is
Tlw Mnschs mill 'I'Iku- ITn,/.-.
31
kiinuii as jdini nil , >yii(i\ ia i. It ha- alicady hccii statrd
'li^il 'lii^ lliii'i i-^ pivM-iit at tlir J, Hills, hciii-- secreted
Iriiiii tlie liiiiiiL;- h| I he nipsiiha- /i<,,, ,ii> iit. liesidcs th<'se
hieatiniis it is al-u \\>u\\<\ in liiHe l,a-> ,,,■ sae- . hursur i el'
-hapev \ai\iii-- wiiji ihr h.cali.ai. jihiced hetweeii a feii-
'liiii and hniif ,,v l.niw.Tii tin, liuiluiis. Vv,nn \aiiuiis
causes re-ulliiiL;- in (i\ri->ii hilion ii[ tiic secfet in"
meiiiliiaiie. an uvnpln. ni' ijiis ilnid i> M'civied. tlnis
aeciiiintiii;;- I'm- >\vellin-s in xaiinns parts, ol u liich //<;//
■•<l>itrlii and Willi) jiiUT.s -AW laiiiiliar ilhi-i r;'t i,.ns.
ffe
iiK'-i
\h.
( iiAi'ri'.i: m.
THI: UKH-STIVE SYSTEM.
.,„^M ..U ...-..!.. 1. h:. i>.- .nuu.l ha. H
,,„„,„., ,,„. n,-,au,/a.,.n Ih- „...,■■ .■.-.npl.-l-'l >^.1h-
,„M..rM,:n,l ,...,.■ .l,v.Mnu>n,Ma,.> a,.. ..M.lnu.l.a^ ...1-
liiw >:
to tlir >fi/.iii.ti
I Prehension and VldsticUion, ivl, 1 1 in-
au,;..h...n„o,-.' i.,I.M-1Mn.n,, Ma....alin,,.n.o
..„.pl,.>n,..n. .i.-lM- "-^-■- ..■'■'!. .n,.Ulau.l>n.tlH
par.. ... , , ,,„
2. Secretion.. !a. ,r 1' vUara. wn .,1 1 .-'1. -
3. Absorption, n.|.,nn,.o;h...akn,^n„n,!u.-MMn
„,■„..• iu..,,an-l uM.MaaU ol.,au...l .lu.n ,h...nn,l. .•...-
pliiN inu >iM'h ti>-n.'
4. txtrelion, \hr i.mrr^^ uf ilnnvMu-
..ni....x..n'n,Mn>M....,.>auannn.. .-~...n.anah,val.^
,,, th..wa.„.ma,..nal. .ha. pa,. o..l-t Li-m. uh
, , vt,-,rlr(i 1. <h"> II"' h'H"^^'
tl„. ,„,uri-h,n.ait hav 1..ti, rMia.lul.
1 ,1 ...i^.. f ■■ t H- llltlll.
,ha. .h>^ hm.T .> al^^a^^ .li" ' .'m . . •• '
. , .■ .1 ,,,,1 n^i'il hV lllf ■~.<Tl>.
i;ir;;r P'" 1 >■!....• ■
.^ ;,^ th,. 1,1 1 aiMi iNiaplia.H'S.
oil', 1)\ iiicaiis
'/'//( 1 >/!/>. 'il in Si/.\li
MiKoiis dnd Serous Mombr<ines. Wnl.ly dilli i mj; as
llirs,. 111. Mill. laiir-, (1,1 III lli.'ir locaiiMii and ruiiriinii>. r,,i-
■ |iMr|iMsr> «(■ iiia\ < vidri lliriii ^,,iii.-\\ lial alik.' in
< niistiiiciion. Mucous mcmbrcinos nia> lie >ai<l I., line
n|>(ai ra\ ili.-.Mi inlir>, >iic|. as lli.' iim.,.. ni<,iii|i. ilMwiitiir
'''-'•"'i^'" 'I'"'' lli'' li'valliin- ic>|.iiatni\ liad. and
I'l"' -'■lli'" III iiiaix tract .•(aitaiinn- I lir (,i -aiis .,f ivpio-
''ii''li"ii :iii'l ill.- ki.iiu'\^. I.la<li|.-r. nivlliia. .-t.'. ■||i,.
iii'iiii l"'iii' "T int.T.--l i.-ai.liii- the mn.-.m- m.a.il.iaii.'.s
l'i"i''i''ly i''lnl.'s I., that |.ait .if 111.' im.'-tiiial tia.-t in
uliifli al.».ui|ainii iak.'> |,la.-.'. a ,.1 iiilI.t ulii.ji h.-adin-
tlic Ini III-- tak.ai l.\ til.' nine. Ml-- lu.'iiil.i an.-. Ini- >liiii-t .)rifn
« liti.'ii m. III., will Ih- i1."m-i iIm'.I.
Serous membr.Jn?s, ..n ih.- ,,ih.'i- lian.l. ..•ii-iNi ,,| tw.i
lav.T^.. and lin.- .-Imm-.I ,-a\ iti.--,, part- ..111,,, animal iM.dy
ii"l .■"niiiiiiiii.'aliii- w nil tli. l^nlr w.n hi. Wiiilr mt-
.Mis ni.-inlMaii.'s li;n.' a w nh' -list iil.nl i.ai in th.' l.,,.!-,-.
.^'■' ill 'li'il 'li-iiil>nti..n th.-y !..>.- th.-ii' id,'iiiii\. l„.,',,ni-
iii.- Isii'iw li ace. inline |<> ihcii- h..-at hm. .'._-.. i ji,. x'K.ns
iii''iii''ii'ii'' "I 'li'- alMh.iiiinal tax it\ i^ i.'nn.'d the peri-
toneum, in it aiv >n>|..'iiih'.l th.' int.'si jn,..; ,|,,, .n,,,.,.
'■i>*''' "I' III'' l"'i il"ii'- i> in .iiic |.ail iiain.-.l tin- omen-
tum, at an. .Ihcr till- mesentery, 'I'lif •-('inn> iiicnii.! aia-
oft'..' !hn- cavilN is tli.- pleurd, that of ih.' h.-ail tlif
I" li'Mfiliiiiii. Asa it'siili ..I' inllaniniat i T s.'ri.n- iii.'in-
i'l'iii'''^- lliii'l i> lhi-..\\n ..lit liclw.'.'n tli.- la\.'i> .• ..■
^^'il''i' ill III'' '■li'--t li\<ii'..lli..ra\ allci- plcniisy. Tlit'
^'•miis iiicinl.iaii.-s sh..nhl always !).■ fxaniini'd in |...st
iiMatciiis .>f siis|ii'ci('d lul.cicuh.ii^ animals.
'I'll.- .liu.'stivf ii-a.-l i-- piactically a h.n- h..ll..w tithe
iiiiiniii.U' lit.m (iiic en.! .if the IkkK i,, th.. ,,il,.,i- i,.,, i,,,..
■;?l
34 I ' '' I i ml 11/ !\!< III' "'■'>■.
sics or rrcoM- Hi wiiri\;iK. ThiN iiilir i> mil. If nj.
laiUfl.N "I iiMi-ciihir I'iImm- iiinl iinscs. ;i I'licl In iviiiciii
1„.|- 111 111'' Ir.Mliiifiii •'( -lull iliMsisfs lis >tni,ii:i-.' <>{' tlu'
1„,\\.-U I oiii n\.-i- t.'.-iliiiu. vMlh ilif ivsullaii! parrilysis nf
tlir iull^rlll;ir tilnv-- ..I llic ImiU.'I. ci .li>C(|llclit 1> I lie ;1(I Hi III-
i>triili.>ii ut iHir-,iii\.- Ill Mirh .MM- IV not ;i.l\ isililc iinlil
111.' ii;n;il\ /.-.l .■"iniil i.Hi i> .t\ crcoiiic: MHiift ii.M> t lirsc
iiiii>,ciil;ir lil>iv> :nv ri;iiiip.-il. i 1 1 u^t r;il i. >ii- < 'I wlii.li ;iit'
-..•.■II 111 >ii:iviii.'.li.' '•.ill.-. 'I'll"- liiiinu "I 111.' ml..' i> ;i .l.'l-
leal.' ti>'>\i.' K11..W11 .1- iiiii.'.iii> in.'iiilii ,111.'. winch i^ iiia.lc
11]. nt lay.'r> "I' riM> 111 whi.'li arc l.lun.l \(-.m'1s. ihtxcs
;iii.l -laii.N. III.' -iiilarc ,,[' llii- mil.-.. II- iii.'iiil.i an.' i-<
viiioolli: allli.Mi.uii II iii:i.\ Im' iiiniv .>r l.'v> loii-ln'iicl. as
seen aii.l r.'ll I'll III.' I..iil;u.' .iI aniiiiaU: 111 lln' Miiall iii-
Icvlim-. ilii- iiicnilMaii.' i> an aii;:,.'.! in lill 1.' liii^.T lil'vt'
piiiiccl ii)ii> kih.w II a- villi.
I. Prehension find MdstiifUion iind the orqcins employed.
Til.' M-i/iii- i.r r 1 ami cm^ <■> iii:u i<i' Hmi Imul \ ■ llic
mmitli i- pi li'iirim'.l m \ariim- \\a.\> \>\ llu' .lirrciciil aiii
mal-. 111.' Iw'iM' ii-~i- 111.' iipii.T liji ami iVmil l.-.'lli l'"!'
thi- liiiipn-.', ill.' ■•iiu ii-iiii; 111.' ti'ii.uiif ..Illy. Iliii'> wo
mill. 'isi, III. 1 111.' lalla.'N ..r l.'llinu I'alll.' UAlnw -li.'.'p mi
pa>tiiri' laml: >ln'.'p u-.' a c.miliiiial imi ..f l.ni.uu.' ami lip.
tlif Imu nM"> 1" .III up p. 'I' ami Inw .-r pml imi- nl' I lif sh .1.
llii'\ ImiiIi ;:ra/.' ail. I r."'t. i'li.' : i"iitli i> tli.' .'ii! laiicf to
til.' (li^fstivf trad, il .'oiilaiii- lli.' ton,uii.'. I.'clli. aiul rc-
(■ri\-<'> the M'i'i.'li.m> "T lii.' salixai \ -iamls: il is ;,Miai(l.'<l
li\ 111.' lipv. riinii.'il ol.-i It'll la r miivclcs ami >.'ii>il i\ <• hairs.
Aiiimahl hal chcv ih.-.m! ' riiiuiiiaiils t'n-.p.i.'iitl;, lack tlie
tV.iiit upp.T r.!\\ I hi- iiicisiirs ;ol'U'''lli.lh.'plac.'or wliicliis
tak.'ii by a linn pa.i .il'-ristlc M-arlila-V), il is als.i iiiti-r-
Till f>ii;i sli rr Si/slim.
c^lllii; Id liutr l|i:il llii' Irclli iil'-^urli ;i li I iii;i l-> ;ili' l(i<i^cly
IlllUrildcil III llic tucket-. I'lic- l.ii.t' c.t' llir liiulllll is
Im liicil lis w IihI i^ kliiiwii ;i-- 1 he li.ilil |i:il;ili'. iiiii<-(iil^
IIH'IiiIm;! Me I 111 tiw li i Ml i > ci 1 1>-. lull I-.. 'I he | ii i ■relict' iil ;ili
:iilci\ Is iiiiiilf kiiuuii iriiiir lances |iisi licliinil ilir iliinl
iiai'. .Ill njii'ial ii'ii ulii'ii |iri r<<i iiii'il l>\ lilai'IsMii il lis anil
niliris I'nr |.aiii|ias. Till' clici-ks an- iiiailr up nt iniiscli's
W lllril ai r I'M'lIni In i^l'l■|l lllf t'l n ii I 1 irl W riMl Ijli- Iri'lli:
nil till' illsiilr. rinse In ijie Inllllh '^lllliler llinlar a 1 J t I U'
(•le\al|nllis lell, wliicll Is |||e jHiilll nl' el 11 la lice n| {\\{>
iliicl caii'N in;;' the sali\a Irniii ihe pamlni ;4laiiil. 'I'iie
InllLille is llie nl'^ail nl' lasle. is lleelx liin\alile ami ill
sniiie animals can lie e\lemlei| (jiiiie a ilistanci'; il is
lliaile ll|i nf ///(/.sr//'(//- I Isslle. a la el w llic 1 1 inl|s| Ke l cmelll-
lierell when sei/iii;; this Di'uaii. nl spi aiii ni I he iiiiisciilar
lihieswill lesiili ami the animal ma\ he ihiis lemleied
Mlialile tn Use llie nli^ail as il shnilhl: Ihe iniicnlls liielll-
luaiie will! h cn\e|s |||e milsclllai |in|lin|l is ill ihe hnlse
i|llile sliinnl h. inlhecnw a lill sheep 1 1 11 11 e inlli^h. illle tn
Is ail aii;;eliielil ill 1 il I le I nils calleil liaiillhe. The till i^lle
11 swine ami sheep is cnin|iaiai i\ el,\ small. Irritant
neilicilies milsl //(;/ lie ai I 111 i 1 1 is! i -1 ci 1 linililllteil 111 I he
iincnii> nieniliiaiie will lie ilaiiia.ueil. At Ihe hack let
\n\\ \] linni the Innf ni the lllnllth is a linlllile fnjd {}{'
iiucniis meinlirane knn\\ 11 as t he snii palate: its si/e in the
llni se liais t he exit iiflireallleil ail ii,\ t he lilnllt h llellce t he
hnlse I neat Ill's nil I \ I IllnU-h the linsl lils. Tliis siifl |ialate
lines lint 11 i llller lireat 11 i im 1 11 ln|ii;h t lie llinlll il i II cat I |e a ml
sheep, '{'he iiiechaiiisiii nt iliiiikin^- is cnntrnlleil hy the
ni-aiis iiieiil iiiiieil. ill Ihe miiiiil; animal the lips are
placctl unmiid Ihe teat, a \aciiiiiii is luniied and the milk
4:-<
f-
rv^
tm Vt'lcriiiiini I'll mr III X.
i- IchimI iiiiit I he I nil li\ Mil' |iir--uif III ilir air, >iicli
a |il n(r>^ cdii-i ll lll"-^ I Im' :nl 111' >ilrlv lll^. III III liiallllc
animal. |iiiiiii n^ i^ llir iiifilinil i-in|ilii\ t'lj. iIm' liji^ air
iiiiiiit'i-.r(i liciw llic wain, a ^iiiall ii|ii-nlii;^ i'^ iiiaili'
lii'lwi't'ii IIk'Iii Ilir loii^Mi' w il lull aw II ami a \ariiinii
Iciiiiicil. liif ;,ii- i)ic»iirc liHciiiL: liir walcr iiil<( llic
I It li.
Ihe Tooth. In tin- imiiith (;,\ity llmsc im|inriant ni'
u.iii'^. til'' l''<-lii. ;n<' Imimi. ii lia^ ln-mi ^aiil. ami with a
M real iIimI III' I nil li. •■ iiw lo.ii. im Ikh v,..' t lie ^iili^l il iil mn
iil'tunlii lur Idiil xMiiilii malvr aii'il Ih'I' ailauf a> --i.iiiiHicanl
a^ I iir nld niir ainl |ii>l a^ 1 nil iiiliim n^ri-niil |m Ijir
linlM'. 1'^ I'l' >iici'|). a^ on III!' riiliil il |i 111 III till' ti-flji
lii'lifii 1^ tin- IhmIiIi ami ciiii^i-iim'iil aliilil> In "In \\iiik nr
iiiakf ;^.iiii^. i]\m'\ lim-i-. ami I'M llial iiialhT. llic
(.ilhcr iiiimaU. lia\i' I\m> --I'l- i>r l.i-lli. llic milk ur <'iill
(to iipiiraix tccili, wliirli arc ■^lictl at (Inlcrciil |ici imi^
III lliccaii,\ lirciirilicaiiim.il. ^m.illcr ami wliilci' lliaii
tic pciiii iiiciii. wliicli arc iiilcmlcil In la^l llic animal
t lie i)alaiicc (il iN life. Ill >iiccji ihc III. Ill iiici>nr->
|iiTm tiiciii -^ Icml 111 Tall niii al lii-m ^ In |ii ycar>. in cat-
llc lardy »>. while in linisc- ihc I'nml Icclli iciiiain. Ihc
j;iimlcr> nrilai> aic. hnwc\cr. i|iiilc cillcii (li^ca>c(l.
iicccs>iial iiiu Ihcii removal. .\llhmi-h a ■^imiiU^hK.kinjj;
obier! a liinlh In ft nil |h i-,eil iif liiins maleiial>. llic hardest
in 1 he aiiiiii il linl\ . The \ i>ililc pari nT t he Inulli i the
(a'ow n In t'nniicd nf dentine an i\nr\ like sulistance i
which is c(i\ crcd li\ a la\ cr mnic nr Ic^s t hick of a w liitc,
still harder Mili^iamc the enainel. 'I'lic in\ isililc jmrt
nl'tlie Iniith ( I lie lam; ' cniiNi>i > i if a cuini la lat i \ cly thin
la\er 1(1' cnisia iicl rnsa. and i> i-hicll\ made up urdeiiline.
I'ht l>n/<.slirf Si/.slnil.
ft7
Till' u.'ill llli: -.III r:irc ■ II PI Iff ' 1- klidU n ;i> I Ik hililr m| I lie
I'imIIi. ami il 1^ (Ml ilif iililr^ III ilii- I'lMiii tcclh inrivn-s i
I lial 111'' \ ill ii.ii- iiiarkvair ^mi w Inch aif I hmN-iI m| w lien
(liscii>siii^' I he a^r nf a |i"isc. \^ Im k iimU mi ic.l h tlinc
ai'c t\vi». rlas-iiCyiiii; llinii aci'ii.iiijM ic. ilii-ir ciiii^liiic
limi. \i/. : Siiiijilf, f. '_r ^ III,, nipji'i^oi- iiici-.iii>. ami the
tu^k^ ciil ii->lii'^ (■aiilm'> : '"'////yxz/o/'/. l lii-i^i imlcr^ imilars).
Tilf Irrlh w ill 111' (iillvKlrlcil a( ci il c I i 1 1- In tlirir hicallnn.
IhMii'c lliiri' sfis llid^f a' till' liiiiit. nipppris m iiii'lsurs.
lite tushes "r 'VO(;/((v, ail'ltllc liark Icclll. kllnuii a- //('
i/iiiiili IS 1)1- moldrs.
'lili' lIH'i^ir li-rlli III li.ir^i',. rilllc a!lil ^lirrp air imulr
ii>i' 111 li\ llif >! ii.-k mill 111 ili'Ifiiii Ill' a^c 111' ihr mii
mil. li> tak iiil;- iiiln ria^iili-r.il mii I hr I iini' i if appeal aiicc
111 I ||.i>i- Icfl h. I lir ; lilt c,r \\c;ii ~,||,i\\ n (IN 1 1 lei I lalilcs.
ami ii\ I hrir -hapc
< )|| I he lalilr> 111 I lie im-i-di V t lie riiaim-1 liil IllN a ili'plfs
■-lull k iiiiu II a> I III' I iiji nr iiisi,. uhirli i^ HHcd with the
liiiilh rcmi'llt. ;;('llriall\ 1 1 l>ri ili u ri| li\ tin- Iduil. thll^ac
n mill 111- inr the Mack iiiai k r<iiiml in tin- cup. W hni an
iiici-M.i- lia> liccii in ii>i- tui- muuc t inic its laMc wcniii^-
-iiiiacc picsciiis t\M. irii'L;iilai- liii^s uf ciia iiid. an milcr
anil an inner nm-. Tlic inner rinu snirmimU the cup
'■lisp : th'' 'Iciital star ■ su call'^'l is a sp.it .m the talih's
l"iiii'l at cerlaiii perimls lui wceii I he cup ami 1 he ti mil
''il.i;'' <il I h'' Iniit il. The I iisks 111' canines an' mil always
Jireselil. ialel\ in the mare, in tact these teeth aie cmi
si'lered as a mark ul' mascailiuit y. In cati le ami sh''ep
'li'K' ;ii'' |||> iipp''r iiicisiiis. as has liccn nieiil imied ; the
iiicisiii' teeth in ''altle especially ate 'jiiite hmse in tlieii'
siickets.
:is
\'l /• t itllll II I'll llll Ills
Tho moltirs ^iIIhIcIn :iii- -.■■lin-\vll,il ^.|il m . lunk ill'^- ;it
till' l.ililr -III I, ice; wlilli' llii- 1 1 • 1 1 1 pMl ,1 1 \ ><l lllllk llinl.H'^
;|li' iilll\ IwcUi- III lilllnlii 1. llii-li- ;ilr I \\ i ■ 1 1 1 \ Iniij |h-|Iii;I
lli'lil liiiil.ir-. I 111- lllipil Miio ;iir -fl ;i lllllr In llic (Mil
xidc •i\ I iir liiw.-l (illr-. illlr lu I 111' -I l-lll 1\ '^Ir IliT W HJlil
(i| llir ll|i|ii T l:i\\ . Till' ^1111.1(1'- 111 lllix' llinhll- il'i llnl
t'.iilil IWu lim l/ii|ll ;ll --111 r:|i'i'->. lull \\\i' -|m|i1IIL; hIH'-. lllf
Oilier iij^r (il llll- II |i|iiT nil il;; I > r. oil lli;^ liiw iT iluW li I li;ltl
I III- llilliM rij'^r 111 t In- --,11111- lii-l 11. \v lii-l i-il> I In- luw i-l I nw
III iiiiil.li> li;i\(- llll- iiiiH-i- i-il-^i- liiL;lii-r. llll-- l.ii-t II I-- 111 III'
I'flllClllllfl'Cll ill llll- ii|irl .ll lull 111' lili-^-lll^ lln;||||iL; IJic
led ll. Till' liilllHll.l lii-lii>\ l;1\ I'-- llll- IiIIIiiIm-I umi ;ll l .lll;;)-
lllrlll III Ihr li-i-lll III I ln-:i'lllll nt llir illlli-U'llt ;| II i null--:
liiri--iir-
( 'alillH ».
Miil:n>
|-..i.-
().\.
II
40
32
I'i.
It
I i
It
The tushes ol liUle pigs an- -hih-i nno lihu-k ami ^cii-
ri-.ilU >liai|i. llimiuli il i-> ilmililliil ll llii- lilacki-iiril cnii
(111 iiiii aHiTl> I ll' II licall ll. \ el II i> adv i^alilc li(i\\c\ cr ti(
li:i',ik (ilV ilifir I ii>!i('-. a> ill li;.:lii iiiu I'm lliclcal \\\f\ arc
\ f]\ apl 111 li-ai il . ami (-aii--i' --lui'm'--^ nt i In- mldi'i-, with
a cfii-i-iim-iit ili^iiH-liiial i'lM <>\' tin- -nw in li-i ilii'|iii;s
suck ll' hiT.
rellinq the 'ige. rual- at I'iilli lia\c tour iiirisms. the
III II ji i il- 1 nil'-, a 111 i i \> fi \ (• JIM li.ii >. .11 -i \ iui liii li-> iiiiii i.ii -
'/'//( hiiiisliii Si/slrjii.
■.V.)
(■l;iU :i|i|MMi; .\\ n| \ In iiilii' I \\\i^ I lie cdi liii> -^Ih i\> .
I lie |ii'l lll.llll'lll ilni-~ni, ;i|i|ic.n Ml tlllr.-, lulll .llnl li\c
!T<|icil l\ eh . Ihc lll-l^s iMIIIIif- Imlll III"- riillllll |i. lllf
lillli M'.w: lliii^:i licii-~r I- -ai.l l<> li;i\i;i lull iikiiiIIi a
(■niii|ilflc -I'l al li\ •• \tMi^. S.iiiii at'lci I hal I iiiw (•lian;:cs
(Mil l'<- ^ffii li' lia\ (■ lak> II |ilai ■• in I h»- iiici^mi ~ a- lullnw >:
Al si\ \«-ai^ llir lilarK mark il i -a |p|icai - liciii llir cciilial
incisors of llic Inwrr iii\\ . al ^fvcii riinn I lie low ri latrf
als. at ciiilil Irciiii llii' idim-i Icclli ul llir lower row.
|'..-\onil llial a^c III!' ^i-n^ air imi a> ifl ialilc, \v\ ^ciht-
;i;i\ the Mark inai k> il i^a| ipra i lioin llir ii|ij>ri criilials
;il ninr. llir lalrial-al Ini. ami lioin llir nii|.rr roinrr-
;il rlrxni. A unirial nlra o| ihr a^r allrr ri^lil \rais
Ili;l\ lir olilainnl li\ llol III- I hr -.liapr ol I llr Irrl h. o\\ lli;,^
tu llir lart Ihal as \:<v animal i:io\\> oldn llir incisor
Irclli hrcoiiir liariowrr iVolii sidr lo -idr alld drr|(rl tVolll
lioiit lo liark. a^>iimiii^ uiadiiallv and roiisrciil i\ cty
^ipiair. 1 1 laiiunlar and i oiind appraraiicrv. Tlir tollow
iiiU' <lia.;ia!ii irprr^riiK llir iiiiir at which t he incisors
ajilirar ami will lir a hrlp in drin iiiiiiiiil' Ihr a^'rs of
I he hor--r, o\ and >hrr|>.
iioi:si:.
, 3 - -
l—:{. years.
i: lyrai-.
:i— ■> years.
o\ \\i> siiiaa-
()\: 1 -I. I yea IV
•2—'-\ yea IV
;{— :i^ years
4_a Veal-
,....
^
"■|H?-^vi/'./A/^VJ^
4 — 4 yeai>
40
I rtiriniini J\li mi nix.
In horned cattle \\u- a-r i> caiciil.iii'd (jiiiic iclialil\ l.y
ll'r w riiiklc-^ nil I lie In HI is. tlic I ■ (Hie aiipcaiiiiu a! two
years, the ntlicl^ at illtcl \ als nf nlir m ar. I",\ iilflicr> of
Ict'tliiiiu. siicli a> slii'ddiiiL; of tlir milk Icilli an- well
lliaikfd in lli.- cnll. l.y llic pli'M'IICC u\ tllc clnwils ' sK-
calli-'l n] ihc milk Icclli in Ilic fcrd lin\. (|iiilf urtcii ii\
a li>ss III' cc nidi I inn and di--iiiclinai inn |u cai. Sliccp and
caMlf larrly sliiiw maikcd s\ iii|it,>iiis .if loi.l h ti'Miiilfs.
tin- lalltT may. liuwcv cr. iT alfcrtcd with laim|iy .law
I Act inumyi'M^i^, I. ()win^ t.. tin- fact that the rimlais
( .Li'iiiidcis i arc Ihc most im|iurtant tcftli in the Innsc, a
yearly cxamiiiaiiun liy a finiiiirtfiit \ etcrinarian <i|' the
imtiiliis of all linr>r> >i\\ lied w ill n-siilt in a sa\ i n^i >f feed
and iu'ttcr licalt li in t Imsc animals.
Tilc \ arinlls cliaiiur^ in thr tcclll (UI W ll irii aie based
the dctcrminat nai nf iiica,;c uf the animal lia\c hccii
dcscrilicd. the iiiciliucK lA makiiiu --ncli an cxaminal inn
fcillciws: 'I'lic inciliiids dr'>(ailiid nia\ lie \aricd I'ldm.
lint a> 1 lic\ arc wurkmanlikc arc adM|iifd. licin^; the
rt'>nlt 111' expel ii-iicc.
In the Horse. The e\amiliel stepv in the \A\ side nf
the linixe and faeiiii; ahead with the left hand placed mi
the clieekstraji nt' the Ididle nr halter, the r;;;hl hand
parts the lips, thns allnw in- the :;eiieral -liape nf tiie
teeihtnhe seen, if, a^a r<snlt nf the esamiiiat inn. the
animal a|ipear> tn he n\ er li\e \eai>«. t he taltle> i^f the
teeth are Innki d al. The hit hand lets ^n .il the Inidle.
the t w n lil >1 tinkers ale inn m t he spa.-e iiet ween I he
frniit and limU l"eth. the thnmli lieiii^ employed to de
press I he inw er lip. a uelll ie ilow n\\ aid |iressi|ie IS a Ji] died
and llie tables are tiieii in \ iew ; i| ma\ lie necessai'\' wit'i
Till pii/islirr .N'//,v/r//(.
II
j
tlic iiL;lit liiiinl to rlc\a!c ilic ii|i|ici' lip: in iii(' t ti» duso
tiir cxiiiniiii'i' >\\iiiu>< iiiiiiKJ ill fKiiil i>\'. ami laco tjic
linisc. ll is ail\ isalili' in all ca-cs w licii cxaiiiiiiini;' a
slian:^!' animal In lir mi llic alcit. mi a^ tuavniii liilcs i>v
kicks ami Mows rinlll llic iViilii I'rcl ; \hi' trilim il hm m nuitl
is aU\ ays un i he alcil.
The Excimindtion ot ihe Sheep's Mouth calls Inr a |)if
(•is,. MH'iJioi!. su as III liiiiii ihc s| m^^olim; ol' the animal
ai'il allow of an acciiralc rcsuli liciiiL;' oliiainnl. 'I'iic
sheep iiciiii; canulil. 1 lie
c\aiiiiii('i' stands on 1 lie L {
lelt side ol t ho •nimal.
a lid w h i If a pji I y i n^
HCssllle w It 1, t he I i^ht
V nee lot lie left ^lioiiMcl',
i\ means ol' ihe lii^lit
laiid ami arii;. draws
he head towards the
iuht sidi : the li-hl
ellhiw aiitl I'oieai ni lit in
tii:litl\ lo the shonldei
ami neck ol the sliee|i.
Ihe ruiL:ers now come
into pla\ . tlie tuf, I'mii, r
index ' ol the lell hand
tieiii^' placed ill 1 he liori
/o II t a I posi 1 i o II. and
' ji, I I I: M i \ I s. I 11 I \'.\ .
1 lieii-t'oie parallel to I he
nppei lip. uenll\ elevates il. the ////'(/(/< of t he rij^lit hand
.it the same niomeiil, also in the ); >i i/.<mtal position.
Heiiil\ lowers Ilie luidel lip, tlllls the teeth ale bloiigill
42
t'<l( riiKtn/ Eh infills.
well ill tilt' \i('\\ and tlu- aii'inal hciiin lu'l<l last caminl
sh'ii<j;glf. Skill in liandiin;^ animals U>v \arioiis puf-
pdscs is shown 1)\ the a\iii(l:'""f ol' any loii^li i<v 'narsii
ineasmcs.
Tlic appaiatn^ Ibr nia>ti('atini; food liavi: lifcn de-
sci'lhcil. tiio proct'sscs will now he under discussion.
Mastication In tlic process ol'^iindin^' food in I lie inoutli,
til us littinj; the food for I lie act ion of the stomach Juices.
All j^iaiii eating animals need this jirocess to hicak the
eiiveloiu's of the j;iaiii so that the ilijj'est i\ <• jiiiccN may
a<-t : cnishinji' i (•ho|)i)inj: • the ^lain reniieis the work of
ma,sticat ion easier. It has been stated that the muscles
of the cheeks, the teeth. t(Mii;ue. lips, jaws and saliva all
liuve to do with tlu' prt'iiaration of the food. The mouth
is o|M'iied liy ile|iressin^ i lowciin^ i the hiwer jaw. closed
hy raisinj; it. the latter actimi calling' for considerable
force, hence the reason for the stionj;' muscles Ibnninj;'
tile clieeks. The jaw motion i> sideway> in horses, cat-
tle and >lieep. and is chanucd from >ide to side at will.
The toiijiue. lips and cheeks keej) the food between the
teeth. T!ie food is moistened by t he .syf/Zri* (spittle), a
lliiid alkaline in reaclioii. containing a ferment ;*///(///«,
which acts on tile starch of the food. con\erliii^ it into
su^sir. This secretion i saliva' is the result of the work
of certain jilaiids. namely. th<' ixorillil. a j;rape like
structure situated just below the imis. willi a duct run-
uiii^- intti the mouth at the fomlli \i\i<\n\: .suhnid rilhirii,
smaller inlands lyin^' belweeii the jaws, often eiilar^'cd in
colt l)istemper i stian;j;les i and (ilauders, the seci'etioii
beiii<^ emptied into the month at the barbs just iider the
point of the tongue; siiliHiiiiaiils. a inimber of \ cry small
Tlir Diiivt^tirc Si/Htr)ii. 43
;,'iaii(ls. ;is their ii;iiin' H'\ ciils. lie iiiHlcr the 1oiij;iU'. The
jiainlid j;liiii(l is acli\f only mi llic side on wliicli clu'wiii^
is 1:il<iii^' place. In tlie Imrsc iIicm- j,danils woik tinly
dminj;' mastication: in cattle they aic secictinj:; continu-
ally. Si^iit and odor of the food do not st iinulate the
jiiands.
Quantity of saliva secreted. The amount ot saliva se-
creted in t went > four hours is ama/,iu^^ In the horse
;il)out sixteen and one ([iiarter jiints per hour wlu'U eat-
iuij hay. Colin statin;; five [lounds of hay nuiy Ik' eaten
in an hour, and Lassaiure estimates that lor each pound
ot" iuiy. t.Ut) pounds of saliva, heiu'e _'<>.;> pounds or about
>i\teen and one (piarter jduts. <uie tliiid less if oats aie
l!ie I'ocmI. just one-half the (plant ity \vhenon;;reen fodder,
and one third if on loots: therefoic. it is readily seen that
the (plant ity \aries with aim. ant of water iu tlie feed, in
fact ou the dryness of the food, not on the starch to be
acie(l upon. Its action is more inecliatiical i i. e.. hu'the
piirpoM' of mixing;-, softening', etc. i than chemical. The
food IS thus rendered easy of shaping into a ball (bolu.s ).
iu whieli sli.ipe it is jiassed backward and swallowed.
Tliis tliiid also aids in listing foods, and keeps the mouth
and teeth clean iind moist: great (plant it ies of it di\sceud
into the tirst stomachs ol cattleand sheep, the I'uid being
secreted as soon as food is eaten lU' masticated.
Swallowing deglutit ion > is (piite a complicated pr(icess.
although seemingly simple. It may be divided into
thi'ee stages, during the first ot which the food is under
the control of the uiU and the tood In pa>sed back into
the pharynx: iiitlie second sta^^e through the pharynx
it is then bevoud the eontidl of the will. i)eing tuily
■*■* \'i liriiiiiri/ F.h nil Ills.
bro.i^'lit l.iiik l.\ (■(Mi-hin-: in ih,. tl,n.l si;,-,. 1 1„. l„,liis is
Cil'-ri.sl n\,.i- thr l;ii\ |i\ in|,, Ih,. M||||,.,_ .,,,,1 1,^^ ,1,,. ,11,,^.
<''ll'"' '"lllllicl ^ nl li,,. uiills ,,| this till,,' is liiiallv
C.i.'Cl.'il inlu 111.. Mnliiil.h. A- Ihr l.lll.T s|||-,.> nf >ujii-
Inw ill-- aiv lll\uliililai\ liir i,iiicr>s kilnuii :i> , , //, , „rtii,ii
is -nil,, tliinii-li a. rull,,u>: A iHT\,Mi> siiiinilii^ i> ^ail
'" "'•• I'l.iiii. 111.. I. .Mill (,!■ 111.. |.i,M.|ii-.. .,r 111.. l„,hi>. and
ii ii;..>sa.i;.. is vent hack li.im III.. hiain In ||i.. iiii|scl,.s .,f
llif pliai\ii\ ami -nil,.! .In .••■l in- lii,. ..wallnuin- ..f ih..
I'ullis. A llnlx- liia\ vwallnw llilily I>m|| m lilt. •.■II iiiiii-
llt<.sirM.r\ lilllimA. flnln I. .11 In tV...l\.. if 111,. ...1-,. li;,s
lii'cn lak..|i nir Ills apiK'HI... I iiiiii..,| iat..ly ix'liiii.l 111,'
""""'' '^ "'"■ '■•1^ i'.\ :iliva.l.\ s|,nk..|i ..la- t: pliaiAiix:
liii>ca\il> is ,•,.1111 lu 111,. ,li-,.sii\,. ;|||,| ivspi.atniy
' I'K'^llliill.U lia.-|s; il ||:|, s... ,.|al nl,..|iii|n^,|,,,, i, |„..j,l,,^
tli.»|. alr.-a.lv iii..|ii i,,n...l. iiaiii,.|\. 1 lins.. ,,f ///r Ijisi.irliimi
lulus, wlii.li .•niiiiiiiiiii..at,. Willi 111,. ,.ar. aii.l lln ,iiil
'"'"' /"""■/"■<. Iinr,.\v .-nili..- |,..<iiliar 1.. 111.. li,,rs,..
'"'ii"i :" II"' l':"'l^ "I 111.. pliaiAiiN; 1I1..S.. ..a\ iti..s ai..
■•" ■'ill"'-' lill''-l ^^illi I'lis. aial uli,.|i Mills max .-aiis.. siil-
''"'•'"'"'"• 'I'll"' l'li.ii\ ir: np, lis I,.. Ill, 1.1 int., //// ,„il/,t
(csnplia-us . a Inn:; iniisiiil,, iii..|iil,i aimiis liil.... Hi., .-n-
'■■III'''' '" ^^li"'l' i- In.al.n iiisi ali.p\.. an.l l...;iiii,| ih,.
'•ii> i'^- '''III- '11'"' <'\i..|i,ls I,, III., si a.-h. an.l ils paih
''■III I"' ^''''11 ill IIm- iH'ck iliiiiii- 111., passiu.. nf i,„,.| ,,|-
iii''''"''ii'': il I- lii'<-'l "illi ^1 <l..li.ai.. :ii..|iil,iaii... an. I
:illiiniiL:li .•niiiaiiini- a .■.Hisal..ialil,. iiiiiiil„.r ,,f i,iiis..iilar
lilircs. and l li..|,.lnr,. ..la-ii.- is iml ni..aiii fni-. n.-r is il
im|.rn\...l l,\. Ih.. tnivilil,. passiii- ..r s.-lid nl,i,...ts. Sll.il
■'^ '"■ ii:indl..s,,r uhi|,st,„.ks. At lis ,.iitraii,-.. ml..
til., slniiiacli nf 111., hnis.. Ill, . 11,11, ■,, Us in. .mill ail.' is in
TIk ]>li/islir)' Si/.sfnii.
I.")
I'nids. runiiiiiu ;t \;ih('. I liU'^ [HfX fiit in;;' I In- ict inn Dl'ldixl
\ iiiiiil iiiii'. ftc. 1 \i< I lie iiHMil li : ill (Mil Ic .mil >lit'c|) its (Ml
li;iiHi' i>. !in\\c\rr. riiiiiicl ^iia|ic(l. ii n iiiil il inn ra\nralilt!
lot iir rt't llin III' 11111(1 lo 1 lie liiiilll ll.
The Stomtuh. Tiif iliuf^l i\ f l nict lias licrii (IrsiTihrd
as a 1 II lie w illi ■Niio (ir cilia ii:tMiiciil>. 1 lie 11 1 >t nl' w liicii is
- 1 i .M \i II Ml \ n'H:~i..
G. Til'' millii • I -.iphiiirii-i.
till' siuiiiarii. Ill tiir liiii^c ami jiIl: it is a >iii.ulf >ac: iij
rat I !(• ami >iiii-ii. an inuan wii'n I'diir i iiiii|iaitnii'iils. \ i/.:
Ihi jitniiirli 111- niiiKii. siliiatnl in tiic Irii ilaiik uj' the aiii-
iiial, llir liiiii' i/i'oiiili itr itliciiiii III. III! iniiiii/jilii.stiv ihiki.shih,
46
Vdrriiiitni I'll tnciilH.
flii'triif sdiintic/i or iiliDtmisinn. Miiiict iiiio tfiiiicd llic I't'iinet.
Tlic sloiir.icli 111 ;i lioiNC icx'iiililcN a IkmiI tiilx' in sliaiic,
witll the n|(cliini;> cloM- tii;iClllcl (HI the llliprr lioldci':
i' i>> liiK'fl ii> iiiii((Mi> iiiciiiliiaiM' wliicli >li()\\> a wcll-
I 1 I'l "I Kl ^l 1 N \ s I ..\. -ini.r \N \ 1 I ~]mM \i II,
I'llnlil clT r;Mir^ -IcpllLli'll. \\i< Up|">l' ,':>rjr in I||,. cill ||, ^ i|, H,,. IVunt
l'''~ili"ii ill III.' anuiKil. p. I':i Ii. G. i.ulli-l. H. II \r.,inh.
M. Maii\|.li.v. R. K'liiii I i.r h'liii h -LMiiac-h i;ili..iiKi^uin).
iiiaikcd (iividiim linr and a^ a ivsiilt Iwi. varit'tics of
imicoiis iiicintii aiic. t lie oiic a coni imial ioii iVoiii the "ulk't
witll no sccirtiii- u-laiids in ii. tin- ntii,.r, oi- \ illoiis por-
tion, tin' til If digest i\t' coat containin;^- tlH',^astiic j^lands.
Til' Diffrstiiv Si/.sif
I
Tf is ii ji'ood i(l»'!i to coiisi
(Icr tlic lirst tlnrt' tiivisitms of
till' rMiiiiiiiiiit stoiiiiicli as a widciiiiiy; <>iit of tlic ^riitlct.
Tlic canacity <•!' a liorsc's stoiiiacli is alioiit ;> to ■i\ jjal-
ioiis. tiiat ol' tlic paiiiicii ' (irst >toiiiacii • of a cow l.") to (Id
^alioiis. of a sliccp".s pamicii In to 1,") ■;ailons. ami of a
]iit;s sloiiiacli 1 \ to ■_' ;;alloiiN.
Tlic jiioccss of ! uiiiiiiatioii, a
tlic a^^istallc»' of tlu' tiisl tliicc s
(liufstivc act. Init merely ji'-cparatoiw hciicc \vc consider
lie. I II son (■ animals tlic food when
llliou-li carried <iiit witli
tomaclis. is not a pure
sw alli
it as part of staj^e o
iwcd is tiiicly di\ idecl eiioii^li to he acted upon by
tlie Ljastric Jiiiie in the true stomach, in otluM's it lias to
lie iiiixeil and cliuined uji with the mouth saliva in older
to soften it liefore its return to the mouth for remastica-
tiiin. in birds diucstion starts at- once, althou
th th
loud may not he liiiely jiroiind. The process of ret urniiij^
the food to the mouth lor a second chewin-,'. known a,s
'Hull, is peculiar to the many-stomache(l herhivoia
III iiiniti
rrass eaters ).
This 1
irocess {.
that il is partly under the coiitiol of the will, in fai
lilteis from roinltinf/, in
■t the
one is ahiKUinal • unnatural i. the other normal ( natural ).
if rumination stop> for any len;^th of time the cause
should he looked foi': as has been pointed out. the pro-
c(»ss consists of the passa<;e up and down the jiuUet of
food from the stomach: therefore, the giving of an animal
d cud (so-called) is a ridiculous practice and one that
cannot be expected to restore the natnial mo\ements
which are in alx'vauce.
The reason given for animals ruminating;; is that when
in the wild state food had to be taken in lapitUy and
chewed at leisure in a place of satV-ty. The process i.s
I
48
1 I li I I ml I II I . h III! Ills
>tii|i|itil li\ lll^h) iii:ili\ II iic\ |ifrlci| I
1 llr IHc-rllcr . if ^1 I ;| I l^c I - ; -nrll lii-illL; ill
liniliiliili;^'. >ll(ii ;l>
I- c;!^!'. ;i> (Mil he
Ci illli lllM'il 1 1\ ;iil\ 111 i^i'i \ i I
lifi ^1 HI, II licjii iii\ (■> 1 lit' at
trlldaill 111 a\ n|il //(/; \// 1 iiMliurlil iir siiilih
II . iinisii Mil i\ I
iiiniK ainniiL: call
r 111' ^llir
■ll
!<■ imII al I'arU a;.
•!a\ CN Inilk \ riiiiil in iinlcr III iiiiiiiiialr. in lai-l. milsidi
i| I he iii-cr-^il \ I'lM liiilk\ i 111 1(1 w II ll 1 he idea 111' lialaiii-iiii
t III' lal imi. ll
■i-iii - nrc('>--a \\ III ll i-.iciiil ill
I {laiinrh Ml
tlial iK walU iiia\ \u- -^1 iiiiiilali-il In arlimi: llir nliicr
«'\i rciiic iini>-l III' a\ iiiiliMJ. JuiwrN it. lii-caii>i' I hr iiiininal
inn |ii iirc-^> j-. v| ii|i|ifil ililic jiaiiiicli 1^ iiv ci liiadril. (jiic
til |ia;;'l\ --i-- I if I he iiiiivfiii II liliic^ I if I ha I m'^^aii. < >\ cf
(ii>li'ii^iiiii with L;as. a ciiiiiiiinii iircnnriirr Iriiiii ti'ciliiiL;
<iii iiiiiii itnivil -la-^-i-^ an 1 Imliiri--. mkIi a-^ rain- ami
• •1"\ I'l- u il ll ! lie ili'w nil. w ill aUn ^liip tin- |>riiri'>-,: it is
aUu >lii]i]ii-i| iliiriir.; ihc nriiuil nl licii. Tin I
III 'III Hill im is si ipjii ll III,' hiiiili , ii 'is III shirl iii/itiii. >iiiiilai'
t'> I'lli'T |>.ii m1\ I ir r In lull-, a ic-iill al-ii uf the ilr\ ill"
iiiii/i r
Illli am
I iiiiiiacl
I'ifl I'll! Ill' I ll" riiiMJ l\ inu in 1 he |iauiicli
III
ill! iiHTl I- imlii mil. A |ilciii illli Mi|i|il\ III' w ati'i' is iirc-
(■->ai\ 111 ;,>-l-l III - irii-llillL; I lie i'linil. wllli-ll llsilallv cnii
lain- iiinii' 111- lf-> \\i,.iii\ liliic. 'riic L^nllcl ii|icii.- iiilu
till' |ia!iiii-li w liicli 1-1 nil mil nil all'- w ii Ii 1 he liuiics rmnli. nr
wali'i' liau'. a- il i- nUcii rillnl, iliii- III lis liiiiij runli'iits;
tilrv I
\\ " i-i nil I lail nil-Ill- ci nil iiiu nil-all' w il ll 1 he Ilia ii\ I llir
I iiiiiasiiiii '. ami il hy a -inaH ii|ii-niim inln ihc tnir-lnm-
;ii'li aliiiina-iiiii I, The Ihhicx i uinli i- -liiialcii in rrmit
iiml lii'li'v, till' iKimirli, licncc it liccniiir- t hr w atcr hat;'.
I 111' riiiiti'iils lit I III' iii.inx [ilii's air iliirr than that nt"
the otlii'i-. |iiili;iim iiuiii thr a iia iiL:r ll ii'ii I III' its lra\rs
1 < 1 1.
i I : : • ! ; : : r '. : :
. 1. I I I .^ I 111 i I h " 1 ( 1 1 11 I
Tlx' lUi/t's/iii Si/.sl
t/\it )ii.
49
-.qiitM /iri^ iniicf^s liy w hull cxccNN ((I watfi'. wliicli iriij,rlil
iiiMliily (liiulc llif (linislni^ tliinl> of the inic ifoiiilli)
^lnliiacll. i-s iDlccd nut.
The process of runiindtion. Allci llif Inod lias hccii
chew tM
I I mast icalcd . Im- ilic t'u -.t i
iiiic. it passes ilow ii
mill tlif paiiiicli ami liniifycoiiili. wiiilc lliiids aul (iiicly
clifuiMl part iclfs <4() oil to t lir ma ii\ plies ami e\ en to the
ti iiestoiiiaeli. The open iM;,'-> hel u eeii the second and tliinl
(•oiii|iai'tiiieiits is small. l''ood in the paunch and himey-
coml) is slowly cliniiied and thii^ tlioro(ij;iily mixed witii
>ali\a. muens and water, thn^heinji rendered lit for the
M'cond <die\\ iiiu: jirohahly the starchy matters of the food
are elninjietl to suj;ar. tlierii;ht (onditions. temperature
and nidistiire hein;; inesent in these organs. The com-
partmeiit from which the food enters the j^nllet is not
ceiiaiii: tVoiii the construction ol the parts it is likely
lioiii the hoiie\comlt
A soon as the lioliis of food
re-enters the mouth a sound is heard which indicates
the (low iiward passaj,M' of the lliiid wiiich liiliricated its
upwar<l passaj^e: in cattle the various movements in the
^Mdlet can he seen aloim its course down the neck. The
necessitx of an aliundaiit sujipiy of water or watery food
is at once understood when the act of rumination is
studied. It has been calcMdated that ahout se\ en hours
are necessary lor rumination, hence continual acti\ ity or
woik are not favorable to the riiminat ini;- ])rocess. The
position assumed Sy the ruminant when reslinjf is idiar-
acteri.stic. The sali\ a is essential to the chewiiiLr of the
'Asa rt'siill i)f iiiistiiioi iriii~ in.i.lr l>\ tin' iiiit hoi-, this \ ii'W jv hi'M to
bi'convct. jiulued ma in I \ li.>i]i tli.- clia lail. r or i hr ruiilints <,!' thr i,MiUt't
and liniii'yi-cjtiih al 1 lir I i iiir iil' dial h. I tir -u 1 1. I i;. iici-ally l.oiiiL' Iniiiut liiH
of clu'wcd material.
60
]') ti }i iitini i'.li
CIhI. \\ lli'll llic lnuil i«. cnliililclcls I clli;!-! ICill fi 1 ll 1-
>\\ allow cil. |ia^--i'(|
I.. II
I ( ' 11 1 : 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 1 1
<l ll oil) I Ik'I c I I
the tdillili ni liiir --luiinicji. In lie ;nlc(| ii|>(>ii Ip\ IIic ;^;
I 111- llllcc
Vomiting iii linisc^ ami nihcr siii::li- >i(iiiia,'lic'i| lici lii
\nia i> a laif nccuri iiicc. ami when il iluc-^ lia|i|>rii in
I lie liirilH-l i> a l;I a\ (• ^\ lll|i|ii||l. 'I'lic ii|)c|lilli;'^ illln I lie
sIniiiacli-~ mI' t licvc aiiiiiiaU air cliix- luuct lirr, ami a> Ilic
j^ullct i>< i|o>i'i| li\ a ^iiliim-tiT inii^clc. ll |)ic>>iiic i--
a|i|>li('il. I 111' ciiiilciil^ c-caiic i iilii I he mli'^l iiir^. hi tin-
In ii>i' I lir Nlnliiarll i^ m'\ I'l' I ll n Ml! art w ll li t lir al uli mi i iia I
lllll^rlr--. rulisri|llrll1 l\ llir IIIm r>>ai\ | il i-^>ll 11' raillinl lial
iiiall> III' a|i|ilifii.
1 II I lllilili;;ill> I III- r(i|lli-llt> t>^ I 111- I rill-
stiiMiai-li ili> ii'il ii'iiiiii III till' imiiitli.
2. Secretion. ilasiiiL; ili-^nis-iil iln- ]iri-|iaiaiiii >
>ta^rv t iiiiiiiLih N\liii-li llii- I'i'iil 1- lnil. ami tin- nr;;aiis
i-inplii\ 111 ill Iln- iHcirr--^. iimlrr till- >i-roiiil lii-ailiiii;
' tinii I liti>i- iiiuaii^ ai
1(1 1 lii-ir M-i-ii-l inns t lial lia\ i- a
(li^■|■^t i\ r arl inn. iiaim-l>. Iln- ^Iniiiarli. Miiall iiili->l iin-s.
li\i-r. anil |iaiirira> \\\\\ imw i-ii-a;:i' niir allrntinii.
rill- ail aii^i'im-iil nl' Iln- niin-nii^ nii-iiilirani- in liic
stniiiarh m' till- linr>i- i^ Micli llial In all inli-nts ami piii--
iMisrs it iiiiulil 111' i-niisidi-n-il as I w n ilillri riit nr^aiis. the
\illnUS nr trill- ili:^r^ti\i' rnat. i-nl
taiiiiiiii' till- LTastiii
ji'lamls. Tlir ^Ininarli iun\ i-im-iil> ti-ml In mix tin- ;.;aNlri(-
jairi- t lln|niiL;lily I ll InllLi'll llir fn ill. tllU> rllMll ill^ till- ili*
<l inn nl' lis rnllti-nt--. 'I'lir sinl
iiai-li nt tin- iii^' n-si-iiihl(-.s
til i-nliipart lllrllt iiiihl nt' tlll-
llial x^ till- linr^i-i iln- I'-iiii
liiininaiit stninarli i-^ mm-i-iiiril willi ^rnrtinii. (I<i'<hir
ill in is a thin. lini|iiil tliinl. aliimsi mlm ii-s>. w il li a st rnii^-
ai-iil ii-actinn. iliu-tn tin- urrsi-nrL- nt iiiiinatu' ili\ilrii-
I' he l>ii/i.slir< Si/sl
IIXll III.
SI
liliii ii' aciil. il lij> Mil iiiliii
ii'clll I. II' !•> I III' ;ilillii:il II iilM
W Inch 1 1 1^ L;nt. I I |ili'\ III! > put irl'ld i\ !• clMII-i'^niiil rc.li
I ;l ill^ I W II I'ci llli'lll ^ //' /iv'/( :l ml I hr im/l. ni id/ 1 iif/ i>\\i-, ^iiinc
lii'f "••"/ IK 'I i ;iiii| iiiiiii'i.i! >:ilK. 'i'lif milk cm illiiii;
Iriniclll i^ tilr ;lr!i\f | il'i iicj | ilc in i,,iii'l. !•> \iT\ piiWcr
Inl Mini lli:i\ III' rmiliil III \\,llcr\ .Mliiclx ,,r llir >lulii;icli
it C,)l \
'T slli-i'p. (I.lstiic llllcc acK nil :ll lilllii iiliiih
pi'i'ici I ' material mihi. the t'at^ ami ca llmli \ i| i ati
icsci \ I'll tur t
II' act inn lit I III' latot inal jnico. 1 1 i-
cll-
liii'ly iiiK'N plaiiii'il uli\ till' ^toinacli ili.o not ili;;i">t ilM'll'
iluriii^ litf. atli'i Ural li ^iii
icciir. ( ia^t lie iliiif.
Ihiii ill tlc'^li cati'is cainisuia i> mini' actixc than in
till' lii'iln\ Ola. line tn the lai ue ipiant it \ nt pepsin ami
aciil cuiilaiiieil III Ihe seiietiun. I'eiisin will mit work
III an alkaline mi->liiiiii, h
t he ami. a- it will I
le ic
nil
inlieieil thai >
lal >ali\a w a> .ilkal inc. ami t heietnie unless
liellt l,ili/;lt imi took place. i|i-e>t inn w ulllil lie \ eiy illljier-
led . .\ 1 1 111 me 1 1 l)ecii)iie> imil'e i ml I L;e>l i 1 ile w hell eiiokeil ;
i|u;;s urtell sutler fl um a tetjil ill.iriliira line t
II liiiileil
meal, which i.s .-miuii cuiiecli
art tele
i\ leciliiii: tl
le law
Digestion in horses is ch.ai-acteri/eil hy the \/ninn.s.s
III' the prepai'.iliirx mechanic, il >lau'e nf ilim'>t ion. ami
l>> the niiiiditi/ with which Ihe work of the stoniaeh
l■^ perroi'iiK'd. the I'ajiiil pa ^sa^te of the lii|iiiii mateiial
into the cieciim hliml uiil ami Ih" har(lni">sot' i he liall-
like lot m lit' the roiilne in theli.nk part> of t he bowel.
• 'hewin;.^ the fooil is a slow process in the horse, ami is
compleleil at the time of the me.il. coii'^eijiiently Ihe
aiiiDiint ol ha\ eaten is limiiel liy the time, t'oiirtosix
poiimls being the maximum ipiantily eaten in an hour,
■■.l\
52
|-./-
I i nil I II /.'/, /,,, ,
■'ll"!'!'! Ill'- liilli Ih' III I I ^|M|,r Ihr I • li'(|l||ri'i| \ull
'"• alii'iii iwM liMiii^: the -,.1111,- wri'^lil cii (laK iciinirc
< Ihii'iHii:; tciil ilocs II, i| ||)-||)
I w ('III \ III |( II I \ III I mil 1-^.
:iiiiiii;il> Willi -.1 1 I.. -Ill: il will .■n uiniii i/r (inic: ini llii
il Iht Ii mil. l! 1^ -.IMJ Im lie li;ii mini li\ i|
II ll "I -,lll\ ;l [1111111 .| mil. I I Innil I-
i'chm^mi;
III
; I \ t'll (/' I I ri .s'.v.
lllllr 111' II w ill >.
|H'l|l| ^1
illii Kill I mil' III I hi' -liiiiiiit'li, it
will III' II
i^liiil I'll I III" I II'' II ill '^1 1 111'^. II 1 1 I'll Im ;il Will] ll h 111.
(■iiiiNi'i|iirii| I \ will ,,, I ■_^^ ;| /■,
// < ('/// /null/, ;ni<l ;i> a II s
nil.
i:iii->(' I I \ jiical ca-
(' III iii'if 111' iirn
I, I ml, III si
inn: Ml' h
ii'^nlK art' ('\ fix ila\ uciiiri I'liri'^ m ijir pi art i'f "T llic
\ |'l''i iiiai laii. III!' >!i.iii.iili Will lie lilli'ij ami cm |it it-d
'inc' III lliii't' iiiiii'^ 'liniii- a iiM'al. ami i-- iiin'-l a''li\c
wlicii aliiiiil I wii I hinl- lull. < ,.i^i |-
r 111 III' III I 111- Imi'.sc
licsidc^ ciiiita
mill,:; I Im' iiiii-~l il iiri]t> alii'aih milcd. I
las ;i
ri'iiiH'iil k miw II a-> I III' iliiisliilir t
fi iiiciil. w iiicli |ia> I lit-
|iiiw('i' 111' cnin I'l I iii;^ '^laicli mill >imai. siidi ai'limi is
imisl atl i\ I' iliiiiii- I hi' lir^i t w n Iiiiiir> nl di-ot imi. In
lilt' st'iiiiach. a^ a i''-iill nl I
K' ail mil "f 1 III' juices, l he
all'iiiiicii 1)1 III'' liiuil Is pi jiloin-.i ll, a |uii('css whic
HMidors llial iiiali'iial
lal cap
if liciiiu alisiiihcd. Tl
ic
aiii'iiml 111 |)i'iiliiiit' ii'cicaso allci' a iiical aii'l i
iii;i\ miimi l liicc in ruiir liuiirs lal'T. M
caches its
cals. I lici cliu'e
llUl.st iiiil lie ciiiw ilcil Im. c|iisel\ 1 1 ii;ct her i >r 1 lie i'esillt>
will Im' Ihe same a- u ail nver aimiuiil nf rimd had
ICCIl
•MM'II.
I 'A
pciim'-iiis lia\e ".liowii Ihal if nals are led
lirsl. I'lilliiweil a- siii.ii as cali'ii li\ ha.\ . lhal they will he
r<irceil illtii the iiilcsiiiic imdi'^fsted, l licrernie. the lictlel'
plan will lie In Welter cind hdy first, 1()llov\ing with cats
lal'T. In ih'' line siniiiach nf Ihe iiiiiiinanl. allniiiieii
is cun\ cried inin p''pt'iii''. milk is cna^iilated and its
/'/), in,/, si
t/i\hr, Si/.sti lit.
• Ilsrlli |if|.l.,||l/<l|, -ihilill i> (•n|l\.|l(<l ml
II ;iii :i\ ;iil;ilih>
sMkIi' I> Ml till IIIMUI.
(iiistric digestion l:iU
•'"'■ ill I III' >lii|||;|(||. |> ll,
IiiiinI ('nlii|>l('l(' III thr I II In I li;i ii| . n, u 1
liull iv >ilii|(lr. Ill liiiiU llic t,
ll
III N iiiifxi mill (li^cs
iMllrciiilcil snllcllfd
'I 'll'' ••'■"!' :iiiil ini\r«l u nil .III ;i,|,l iIiikI, ||,
111- ;,rriiii|iii;: Ih'Iii;^ iIoik- hi I
<• <-l ll^lllll;,
H' ^i//;iril; Ihc .li-f^li\ .■ iin,
i> \ <'iy act i\ (■ ami i
|"ii'ii;rli 111 liml-. 'Ihr i,„„i
lia\iii;; ilii(lfi;;niir th,. ;,,li, t' ih,. ^|
I'liiai'li iiiii
fS IS
'Inn |.a->Nf(| In 111.. Ml,;, II iiitrslliic «li<T|. it 1II.tI> 111
I'lHiciralic and intc^ljnal iiiii .•>. 'I'll
'■ ~-iiiall iiil)
1 iMt'> arc I III
rliaiaclcr. in i
III Icll-tll. 'I"
liki' III I'll III ami ul
If liiii >f iiicasiii iii;j
I niiiMMiln nifiiiiiiamui-
||\ ••! I'lif hiimlicd r.-fl
u-\ aic di\ idnl inln t|
l<'>|MTli\ civ . III,. I )Ul|||<MIII
iif' ji'i I iciiis. named
111. line ini.i ill I, imili. II,. mil
•""' •'•-jiiniim. 111., liist s..,.|:..,i i^ ijx.d and 1
• jicniii;,' iiihi ii, //;,. ,/(/,/
las an
IIS ritiiliiiiiiiis, wllic'i cniurxs ||ic
-••riclioiis (if |||(. lir, /■ and j,
lie liailLlill.i: iVfl' in Ihr I
p'Tilniicniii -. TIh- viiiali inl.-siii
1 lie III lifi |)(ii
m-^ciiifi \ . a ddiil
I lon-
iil III
<■> arc lined w iih niiicdii-
'iii'inlM-aiic. which cuniains -lands and / irtrat.s. [
aclcaU orii,Miiaic in lii
ll.Ucr like |.| iiicci inns nf Ilie II
IIIOIIS
iiieiiilnane. kimwii as \illi. T
iii^e ,ulaiid.> w hicli 1
ia\('
I N\ Inch \vc are imu
In i[,, w \\ h sccrei Inn. w it 1
■■'ic llie li^cl. spleen and |
CM secretin- -land in the l.ndy and is ^il iialed liehind th
(aiiciea-
Th.-//
t'niiccriicd,
i-thi- lar-
iliajihraniii. The luncli
111 n| the I
\ er |< !
11 seci'clc
'"'/'■. a lliiid -recnish ycllnw iiimlnr and liiiler tn ti
taste. The 11
\t I- IS l>in\\ n ill i-n|,.r and is cnclnsed
III a
• I'suii-. »> iiiiii semis 111
:.i
'h'riixtn/ FJciiK'iits.
Icill'-likf l)r.i('cs>c> !)(•! wccll the Inhlllcs; iMill liililllc is
in;i(lc ii|i i)i' hlnnd \ csxls. li\cr cc'i Is aiHi iliicts. 'Plicit'
is ;i iic<iili;iiil\ alitiul tin' lil I siipjilx nf llic liviT. com-
iiiji' as il (liics'iiy t\\i> visM'ls. Ilic iicitatic ttrlciii rt'tchiiii^
liluuit Ik iinuii>.h tiiis iiii|n>itaiit (ir^aii. th< jiortdl vin
hriniiiiii: I'linclioiial inali-iial tVniii tJ!*' iiilfst 'iics. iiaiiii'!y,
hluoil. ti> 1)1' acli'd iipuii. 'Tiic iiriialic '/ /// cniivcys away
tiic iiiii ilicd lildiid tVoni ilif li\ri- and ciiiplics it into the
^fiici'al ciicidat ion. Tiu' licjiat ic (///r-/ cihixcxs tlx' .lilo
iVoii: till- li\ci' and ioin> tli'' <luct of liir pancrfas heloiw
disciiaiuini;- lis coiilciits iuiu lli<- inl<'sl iiir. In catth'.
sheep and ji'l;'^ llie hile i^ slored ill w jial i - known as the
7(»// /</(^(/«/' /'.• the iioise ha> /;" i:all lihidder: 'oih- lieeoines
eoiiceiil rated intiie^all hladder. in t lie horse t he secre-
tion ol' hile >eein> to he colli ininn^. a inaxiiiiuin amount
lieiii;^- secret! d li. .. e lo joiir hours alter a nii'al. food exer-
cisiiiu an iiirnieiice -a the (piaiil ily. i'a<s are acted upon
i)v tile Wile, heiii^ -pill lip into fatty acid> and glycerine,
eiiiiilsilied and liieii >a|ioiiilied. in wliicii state tliey are
capable ol heiii- ali>oi hid. Bile lias a mildly pnrj;ativo
action: its snppre>-^ion is revealed li\ const ipat ion. stink
ill.U feces and \ eilow lies-- ol' 1 he liilleolls mellil iiailes. .\
secreting' .ula lid of e\ c! iii'>i',- iniporlaiiee than the liver is
Ihr jiiiiii-iins: ihe rea^iMi i>f ^nch ii!i]io!taiice is owing to
the fact that Us seiletlon. the paiicieatie jllice, eontailis
I'ermeiits which are more powerful than tln-se secretions
I the sali\a. ,t;a^tric jiiicc and Idle i heretofore diseiissed,
yet sncii lieiliu llio easelhele is a i"!atioll lietween liile
and paiiciealir piiee. I'.ile heiiii; alkaline iieiit rali/.es tile
acid Mt will II" remeiiilieied Ihat Ihe stoinaeii contents
were aeid ' and thus assists the pancreatic secretion.
Till [)i;/i'Stirr Sj/sh'lil.
liicli ill its tmii lilicrutcN tiic lat;\ acids licl
an
Olf IIHMI-
t iniH'd. 'I'lif nigiiii sccrci inti' llic alMlomiiKii sali\ a. as tlic
liaiicrcatic juice has been called. isUiiKwn as tlic paii-
(acas ; it is dt' a reddish (leaiii coldr, and is situated
lieliiiid the stiiiiiach and li\<T and in I'nuil ol' tjie Sid-
neys. Its duct I Wir.siiii^'s 1 jdins tiiat t>\' tlie li\'er in
liie iiiiise. iKit ill cattle and sliee|i. Pancreatic juice is a
ci)|ii!-|ess alkaline lliiid nf a \ai\ ini;' coniiiositnii. depeiid-
in^uii the slate <>1' secret inn. Tliis Juice contains a larire
aiiioiint of solids and is readily deconiiiosed. the pi'ocess
lieinj;- e\ ideiiced In the fecal odoi'. It contains _/o/n' fer-
nieiils. one that acts on ,s7(//r/i > aiiiylol\ tic . one tiiat acts
on /uv/^'/V/.s- i iiroteoiyl ic I. a /<// spViUcr (into fatty acids
and ^dycerine i and a //(///, (^nrdliiif/ feiineiit. siiiiilai in
action to renin I. Theliist fernienl coii\ ci Is starcii into
sn,L;ar. Iliiisduplicatin, he work of the saii\a; it is. how-
excr. much slr<ni,L;er than piyaiin the active piiiK iple
ot' sali\'a 1. The a<'lion of the second is si mi la r to that of
|pei)siii I t he acti\ e ai:ent in uaslric juice i. difterini;- onlv
that wiiile iiepsin needs an acid medium to work in. this
leiiiieiit. tri/ji.siii. ie(iuires an alkaline iiiedium. i'aii-
(a'cal ic rennet is more active than :liai ot the slomach :
hoiliiij;', lio\ve\er. destroys the power of the ferment.
I'lie seca-et i(Ui of paiicreat ic Juice is coiistan* in the ani-
mals liei 11^ dealt with ( herliivora >. and is at its maxiiiiiini
towards the (aid of niiiiination. I;; additii;! to the se-
cretions nieiitioned. is t hat ot certain glands > laeherkiihn
and 111 11 liner ' of I he i !> s| jncs. know n as intcst inal ju'ce
( siiccais eiitericns '. v ich has an action similar to the
paiK real ic juice. j; is readily seen thai inlesiinal di-
j^eslion 1.-. very iinporiant. (twiiij;to the complex naluic
56 Vifrriniin/ EJinunlx.
of tli<' socivtioiis ciiipluy.Mi. cspcciully so in tii,. liorsc.
fhroiigli wliosc stoiiiiicli a -ival deal <.f tli,- (n.xl oftt'ii
passos in an nndi-vstt'd state S(, Ww tlic secret ions hkmi-
tioned liave acted M|>(>n tiie more \aliial)le pails of tlie
foods and rendeivd tliein capaMe of heino- al)Soil)ed. yet
tlie food (tf faiin animals often contain^ a lot of fibre
(cellulose) to(iisp(.><. of which natnie has provided ways
accordin-; t.- the animal.
Tile blind -ii! i cu'ciim tlie (irst part of thelari;e intes-
tines, assists in the disposal of the ccUnlusc, in iiiminants
the c(ccnin is mit as lar-e as in the horse, the needs are
Hot sopressiii-owin.u;tothe work done in the large paunch.
The neciim i> very >iiiall in man and the dog. as would
be o\i»ect(,'d from the nature of their food. jn the horse
its stiaicture resembles that of the small intestine, i)os-
sessing as it does glands and iWllicles. its action is alka-
liiH-. normally, si.thai it is (piit.- probable that consider-
able intestinal dig.-stion takes place there i Smith i: it is
likely the place where cellulose is digested. .\s ijiay lie
observed i>y any one. the poorer the luod. n,,' greater
the belly development, generally termed— paunchy :
tills condition is donblless due to th." fact that the jioor
(piality of food has caused the n>e of much of the cellu-
lose. conse(|iienily the c(eciiiii has been developeil to
meet the necessity and as a result an enlarge<l abdomen :
the feeding of smdi bulky or woody food is very iindesir
able in the horse, roulting as it often <loes in Heaves.
Before !u-oceedingio the subject of Absori)t ion. a large
ductless gland, ihr milt or *•/<//,/, calls onr attention. It
is a. sol! reddish sickle shaped organ lying on the great
ciiivalure of the stomach: is very elastic, therefore
Tlir Ifii/inlin Si/sir
)ii.
distciisihlc. its fiiiicti
on. Iin\\c\ rr. IS imkiKiw II.
It i^
suniiiscd l)v some lliat ll
If hiiiod iiliilcs I {
■nr|)iisclcs ) liavo
tlicir oii^iii in llic spleen, hyotliers ilmt tlie spleei
1 IS
tlie ^Tiiveyaid of lliese corjniscle^: lie tliat as it may. in
certain diseases ( Autliiax. Act iiinniy(o>is. Claiideisi tlie
condition Of ai)|)i'aiauce of Ijie Npleen is ot' \alue in the
I'ecooiiition ( dia;;nosi> ol the dixMM.. It has been stated
that the entiic di^-esli\ e trad
iine(l hv inncous inein-
hiane
Absorption. T/if l,i<-ti;ils ori^inat
e in rilli. fin;;'er-lik<>
projections of the nincons niendnane. which tend to j;ive
it a pile, l^acli villus contain-- hlood \f>sels. nei'\ es and
1\ niphatix's; to illnstiale introdnce a fni'
:i'r into a 'dove
thejiio\e material reprcMMils the mncon> niemhrane. the
jilove tinyci- a \illus. and the fin-er the hlood and lyiii-
pliatic \essel.>an(l nerves. 'I'liese \ illi are nio.st ahiUKhiiit
in til
e small intestines, a few hein<' t(.nnd in tlie blind
.U'nt (Ciecaimi and a \\'\\ in the lar-c -nt liieat colon).
The co'iMim is situated in the ri-ht Hank of the aninnil,
is (piite larj^-e. is directed downwaid^ and terminates bv
a blind e.\treiiiit\ ; it
rcceiM's two opeiiinjis. inie from
the small intestines which is guarded by
other 'Voiii the lartre colon. 'I'l
11 \al\('. tin
;it at colon oc(ai])ie.s
the central ]»ortioiiof the abdonicii. is arranged in four
parts, two of which lie on the other two: its external Mir-
faee is marked by stron;;- niuscnlar bands.
Tlie takin;;- in of the jirepared fond proibuis is jiei'-
Ibriiied by the blood \cs>el>and the lacleals. which con-
stitiit<' the entrance t<i llir linniiliiilic si/slriii. The iiival
colon acts as an or^aii ot' absorjil ion in hor>es: (li^■e^ti()n
does not taki' place in the colon, althoiiuli absorption
■•'^ V' t' riiun-jl I'Jriilriils.
iiiiiv. 'I'lif .s|ifci;il or-;iii> li:t\ ill- tudo witli alisoipt ion
arc the 1\ iiipliatics. \\\v la. if;il> lMiii,:i: «>iif luim i.f tliciii,
tlifv tiiijiinat*' in tlir niiir(iii> iiifuihiaiic of cci'tain |(aits
of tln' int<-stiiic.s. ,aii> and fxcntiiallN .'iiipty iiitu ijic
biiMMJ ilic iir(.(iucl.snf.lin;,.sti.Mi. wliirli tliii> I.e. -avail
aliic lo llic li()(|\ . l"at is >aiii tn \h- ali-mlpcd as the iv<iilt
(ifa sclfcti\<' a.linii (if the iy inpiiatic (clN. •lli,. nialc-
rial taU<'ii into tlic l.joi.d 1>\ ilu- la. teals is kiidwn as
chyle. Al»s.ii|iti..ii ih.-n i- I lif .■nl lancc <it(lio,.st,.,l I'mxl
I)r.Hlii.'|s intci 111.' .iiciilalinii \ ni ih,. 1,|,„m1 or lyiiiidi
.•liaiincls: wliy tli.'s.' pi ndii.is >linnl.l en!.'!' in is nut l'iill\
d.'tcnnincd: it is held i.\ smii,- invoi i-atois ti. !..• .int-
t.) tiif silertirr .,!• rilal a.t i. t tli.' 1\ iiiiih (■fli>
(II \i''ii;i; IV.
EXCRETION.
Tilt' cximNinii
III \\;ivl
• ' iiitidiicts rmiii llichody is hy
iiH'iuis i>\' (I. tlic feces (iuii^ i: /'. I lie mine : r. the sweat ;
(/. lespiied
lii'eat lied • air. ai
id IS teniHMl cxeretiini.
A. By the feces • dung . In ihe ilesta i|>t ion of the
iii;j;estive liael the loud had li> lie lakeii as far us tlie
•Jiwdi cnliiii. '. iiere it was slated smiie ai)S()ri)ti()n niij^ht
take piaee. fruiii there iiaek. Ii<i\\f\ci'. the remainder
aetid npoii for various
of the food invested eaiiiiot h
rt'ii.sons.
■iiieli
he piexioiis extraction of all the
initiative inatteis. etc. The di\ i-^ion of the inte.stinul
canal hehind theuicat colon is tli> ilodfiiif/ cohii, located
in horses in the 'eli ilanl
111 (
attie and slice]) the upi)er
pail of the left tiank !■- occupied by the paiiiicli. Thi.s
colon has a nninher oi t iijhteiiii
ij;s (^constrictions) in it.s
walls, due to ccriain ciicuhi'- iiinscnlar lilncs. It will be
rcincmberc i that Ihe entire intestinal tract is a iniisciilo-
nicinbranoiis tube, and that loii^' and circular iimsciilar
fibres enter more or less into the construction of it. It
has also been slated ihat ninscles contract and relax,
hence it would 1m- evpected that the intcsliiies would
have a certain amount oi moNcment, such is true, there
is a constant worm like motion in tlie intestinal wall.s
diiriii!,' life unless paialy/ed; such mo\ eineiit is known
as 'icristdlsis. 1 1
ntlie peristal! ic. ( \ crmicular or worm-likt
iiioveiiieiil of the bov.fls. Asa result of this movemeiit
(Id
\'i triiiKin/ nil UK i/fs.
(>r till' loll- nni^cl.- lil.ifs. I. .-(•(her willi the cmtracdoii
III till' >linrt ciniilar iiiiimIc lihics. tlir wa^tc niatciial is
passnl l.ark ami i^ -i\cii a luuit- <>i lr>s hall likr rnrm.
It is ill llic llnatiiiL;- cnldu pai I iciilarly that the Ircos
(liiiii;,' III- waste material - take their I'unn. Tlie next
IMirtioii 111' the canal i^ the stniii/lil ,/iil . t,i rrchn/i ,. an
oryaii Willi liiick ililatahle walls: it lies aliii\e \hv iilail-
•1<'>' ill till' mall, ill tiie lemale alin\c the \a-iiia and
nteiiis. Its hieatiiin w ill tliii> aeediint fur the |iassa;;e of
feces \ ia ihe Na-iiia ami \iil\a. a serious eomliiion. usu-
ally the roh't oi' :icci(|eiil iliii in- copiilat ion ( matiii^i- ; or
parliiiitiiiii (Ihe act of Iniii-in- loith Ihe yoiin-- i. The
point of e\ii ot the feces is known as ///< <iiiiis, which is
nia(i('iipprinci]iall.\ of circular miiMMilar lihres, the action
ol which i> to cloM' the ojieninu: ;iiiil llins prevci,' tlie
iii\ iiliiiitai> jiaxsa-e of fei e>. Ill certain forms of paraly-
sis the anus is not iimler control. con^iMpieiitlv Ijie feces
liass away at all time>. The jirocess of empt\in- the
rectum is know n a> '/r/r ra//-//; ami is iieiformed hv eon-
traclioiiof the aliilominal inn>cle> ami relaxation of the
niiisciilar iiliies of the aiin^. ihe anus tenil> to reeedo
and Iteeome le» teiiM' with a,^'e. lIorMMiieii >|.eak of a
horse hein-- ••well l.niioned up."" a desirable condition,
<'videncinj,'-(iod nervon^aml iniiMailar tone.t heexin, ^nIoh
refers to the condition of Ihe ann>. When makiiij,' (he
examiiialion the tail dock) i> lifted, a tlalihy tail is \ ery
nndesiiahle. hut a siron- dock, a-- il i> 'ciined. is another
indication of lone, show in- that the muscles of Ihe tail
have stroll- conliai I ile power: allowances will li:i\ e to he
made for hoiM's 1 hat lia\e had their tails ••nicked." an
!■:
61
i>|ici;iti()ii ill wliicli thf iiiiisclfs Hiut pull tlic tail (htwii
lia\<' Im'cii cut.
The ifctiiiii is lai-fly u>c(l \>\ \ rii'iiiiariaiis as an oij^aii
l)y wiiich ccilaiii .nrdicai inn i injccl ion, etc.) can he
|icrloriiic(l ujioii tlic animal, feeding is laidy att^'inptcd
111 aniiiials
l.\ ti
lis means: it must. Iin\\c\cr. he rcnicii
licrcd lliat tlic iiiiicnii> iiicml)ianf c\lt iid-> t
iidiiU'liii
III
dii
d
:csli\(" tract a>
as tiic anus, and ilsu that tlic
nicmbiiiiu' is dclicat<- and easily iiijnred. A ciiiel juac-
:no\\ II as ••(ij^i^inj;"' and
tice l(
d l.v
some glooms i-
consists of the introduclio!!
into the lecliini: I he <
slow, sloiicln animal
iiess is hiddei
of inilants . nsiiallv "iiii/ei'
ihject hi'iii- lo -i\c a false life to a
or to e\(ile him so that any laiiie-
I. or to reiidei the lioise so iiiitalile as to
pre\ cut a fair examiiiation.
B. The trine. The con>iderat ion of the second method
• ladd
er a
of excretion calls
kidneys. ureter>.
this useful w.hU
the ri"ht and left under side
tor a desci i))! ion of tl
le o
r^iiiis — til
ml
niethra— which iierfonii
77/r hidiii'iiS are t '
aiids situated to
le s|nnal column.
th
iif;h1 kidney heiiiij; sit iiated just Ix'hind the last ril>s. he
left one liein<r a i-oii|ile of inclies further hack. In the
horse they are heart or heaii shaped, in cattle and sheep
each one is soniewhat ili\ id
ed into a "laoeliki' i
nass.
front of the kidiievs and attached
o them are
1 \V( ( i
iiid.s
nidess
(siiprarenals I whose fniiclion is unknown
perform »\ork during'' the period heloie birth. 1!
tl
ev
vessels and iieiN es enter the kidney at
si)ot called I hi' hiliiv; these \ esse
a ilepressioii or
nei'\ es, connectives
tissue and urinai> tubes i tiibuli iirinifeii ) tjo to make up
the kidney substance which is enclosed bv a librons co\ -
62
\'i h riiKiri/ /■.'/( nil iiln.
criii.L;. I'lic siiiali liilio wind ;i ^itMl dful mimI nnptv
into ;i cas it\ knuwii as the >imiv. wliich is a \> idciiinj^
out oltiic iini.T. i;ii>o(| is >ii|)|.1iim1 Ijic j<idiirys l.y tiic
rtMia! aitciN and itmion cd li\ ilir renal \rins. If a sec-
tion ol a kidney is made, two pnrtions lo;;cilier w illi tlie
ent ends, etc., of \ cssel-v and tnlie>. are seen: the outer
jtart l)einj,r known as ///-■ ,;,rh r. the inner the midiillii.
Tile kidneys alfoi-d \\\^^ main road for tlie llirowiu"- out
(excretion) of liroken down nilrouenouv maleiial. tin
ammonia hein^ e\ idence a> to the ehaiaeler o| ihe waste
material. 'I'he secret ion of mine ma\ Ite considerctl us
a interim;- out ol' waste prodnd', irom ihe l>lo<id. water
liein;,- its main constitiM'Ul ; in addiiion to the tiltration
proeess. the kidney celK lia\e a seleciivc action, and
take certain sulistain'cs tVoni t he lil 1 w liicli t he\' change
sonn'wliat and later di>i-h ir-c into the urine. Tlir
aiiioniil of file tiriiii is inn i si hi (IS I In .sinnl; tnore urine is
])assed in cold weather than in waini weather, diu' to tin-
j;ie;iter blood pressure in the ki<lney> at that tinn- (e. ^^.
winter). The urine otCarniv oia > do;:s. I'tc. i isacid, clear,
has mine solids and is small in ipiantily. whereas" that
of herhi\ora is tnrl'id. poor in solids, alkaline in reac-
tioii and ^reat in ipiantity. When hoi>e> are fe(l hay or
straw only th( urine is alkaline, when fed oats ])rinci-
jially. the urine is small in (|uantil\, tnrlnd. acid and
sticky. The urine of cattle and sheej) is clear, ^reenisli
yellow in cohir and poorer in solids ihan that of the
nor.se: that of the i)i-- is c|e;ir, yellowiNJi and alkaline.
Twd tiilii's originate in the depre»ion- of the kidneys
and ^'o to llie hladd<'r. one enterinj,^ mi either side: tliey
go throiiyli the coats of ilie hladd.-r on Ihe slant, thus
Kifnlint,
().]
lilt lif kiiliitn
hhtihlcr is iIm- iiriii;ii\
rnrniiii;,' ;i \ ;ilvt' w liifli |>r('\ciits llic mine i):i.s,siii;; hack
tiilM'saiT ixridwii as tlic lactirs. Tlif
if>cr\ (lir siliiatfd in the |n'l\ ic
(■a\ity. although u licti lull il iiia> extend into tiie ab-
dominal cavity, it isdi\ided into a I'undiis i tlie wide
part I and necl< wliieli is coht innons witli tlie iinf/mi, tiie
latter the tiilie can vin;,Mlie uiine to tlie outside of the
liody. I'lie e\it iVoni tlie liladder is -uarded \>\ a cii'cii-
lai- 1 spliinctec . niiiscle. wiiicli by it> cont taction jirevents
the tricklinj; of uiine cont inuonsU . The coats of tin'
bladdef are tliree in nundiei'.
serous — externalh , muse
lar or middle coat and mucous int<'rnallv. The ui'«
the i
nitse. Ill
tlira in caltli' and >lice|> ditl'eis I'roni tiia
the former havinj,^ an S shaped (iir\f. whereas in tlie
laltei' it is straiyiit. 'i'iie iirethia in the female of tliest*
animals opens on tin- floor of Ihr nilrn. at a sliort dis-
tance (:{ to \ inches I liom the outside of the iiody. In
cows the entrance to the urethra is j;narded by a valve-
like piece of skin, which must be lilted in order to ]);us.s
the cathet
er.
The ditVerence in leii'dl
and
construction
if the urethra in the sexes a
ccounts lor the j^ieater fre
(ineiicy of stones f calculi ) in the bladder and nvelhra ii
lual
es.
W 1
en
lie l>
ladih
hecomes
d th
c mucous
iiie, a iicr\ oils
membrane comes in contact with the ui
impulse is sent to tin; brain and as a coiiseipience the neck
rs|)hiiictei- muscle I ol the bladder is rela\c<l. and tl
le
urine is |iasse
d, th
hoi
<• constitiilin^r ;, .rood illustra-
beinrr called for. The urine is mad
t ion of icllex act ion. the exercise of the will power not
ide use of by chemists
and medical men. b\ the former to estimate the amount
of nitroiienoiis material used or wasted in the bod v. bv
m
\'i li riiiiiii/ l\li nil Ills.
""' 111 III- 111 lltlll liillir I 1 1,' llls.ll^r. Il ail\ . ill tllC IICIMIIl
"T ;ilillii;il. I lie ii|ici:il Kill I m'IIIU k IM >« ii :iv ii rj |i;i l\ ;iii:i 1 \ >is.
C. Iho Swptit. Ihc iiii|i(i|'l;llli'i' III till' sir, III i/liillils
and till' >\m:ii ;|v mi ;i\i-iiiif I'nr tlir f\ii df w-otc iiiattcr
\aiir-. in liif cliit.'i.iil aniin il>. 'I'lic >\\f:il. ami uc niav
:••- \\''ll ini-hnlc tiic s, l„i,; ,,,'s i/.'iinils. arc aii|M'iii|aufs ot'
IIk' ^kin riir -.Wfal -LiiHJ^ cmii^inI ,,|' ruili'ii Iiilics iiii-
Im-iIiI.mI III III.' skill u nil ;iii uiitlrl a I the sin jac,. , pores i;
I III' sell I, ,.(111 > -la nils air a ls( I lull 11(1 m ihc skin at parls
iiiiisi .•\|iiisi.i| 1,1 II iriinii, t|i,.\ ijisrliar-c a lallN siil)slaiir«'
ini" llif hail riillnl.-, Ilir s|.|,,|,.,.,,||^ sccrcl iuii is most
i''»iiii'laiil .HI thr |iarls r,i\ ..|.-i| with hair nr wi.nl. 'I'lic
i/iilk mil 111 sliri-|i's wii.il i> ihf priiiliift III' Ihc scliaccniis
jilamls: it ciiisisis ,,r ih,. I,|,ikcn ih.uii cells i if the ^laiid
and ;,M\es ihe mlv a|i].caraiicc t.. i he llcccc. Ill healili
causes changes m i h,. \ ,ilk. w liicli are a I niice e\ dent to
llie sheidieid. ih is ml i ness eaii lie ^ut ill llie coals of
lioises and lalHe li\ -o.nl leeiliiiLT and ^inniiiiii^-. In
cerlain hrecds uj ealll.' this seeivti.m is \er> veiiou in
color and is imu'li desiied, as n is considered an indica-
tion of the teliile|li\ to seclele rich lililk < .' •. the inside of
the ears are in cattle -eiierall\ i:i\eii a iiirsorv ,i;lance to
fleteriiiine this fact. !,; slie.'|. a pink cdndiiion of the
skin is desired, a dead white or Mue color indicat iiij;- ill
liealth.
Swedt glcinds are liiuhl\ ile\ eloped in man and the
lli'lse. ill Ihe latter especiall\ oil the inside of the tlli.ulis.
as also in siieep. in catt le liii le swcatin- is done. Car-
iiivora idii.usand cals sweat tliinii-h the soles of their
'"•'•'I- 'l"li<' • lint of sweat is ni.iditied by tlie food,
drink, condition ot the atimispheie and aiiiouiit of vxvi-
h'rnrl
riioti.
»;:>
l'<|->|iil ;|l
II I'Mi , s\\ cat I |>
Ili^fllMlilr. Ill III*' lui II
n-l i> \ isjl)
-|Hikfii nf as sfiisildf or
•': Ml iKiMiial cDiKiJt joi
>«tal i^ I
Mill- fxcrclcd ciiiitiii )>lv. I'ln iiiatiiii
IS
I III
-ucal .lr|M.|i(|s uii 111,. a(li\ it\ ul' 111,. ;,|,,im1 .ells. H
icrc-
liilr liii'Ira- <■ (iT till- M 1
iiicriMscd >\\calii
M
■ii|'|'l.\ '" lln' >kiii uoiilil iiicaii
"'<• wattT ami n
• ■\<iftc(| in il
lini>ciiiaii. a^ tlif rcMih
;it'' llif Work 1)1' III., sweat -1
I'iri' Mijids an-
"■ "'"i'l ili:'ii l.\ till liiii->. '11,,. tinltiii;;
• •xpci ii.|i((.. scenic to appicci-
>tliri- ,.ja^
lit >tiickiii(.|i, a-
iiii|> iiHiii' liilly than any
i> i'\ ii!rlH|.il l.y till. Ilinli(ll<,rh
all'Milinii uivrii In t li.-i r rliai-.-s u l,,.,, tiaiiiiii-nr laciii-
ill aii\ niM. ihcinimli ^r h,,. ^I n-iilar ami fn.i|iirnt
niliTvaJN is m.,r>sai> In |,ii\ riii ,iii,.,l .s\v..at ami ilrad
-kill M-alcN fn.iii Mnrkiii- n,,. , ^j, ,„,,,.^ ,,,• ,,,,. ^^.-^^ , ^^^.
IIk' sural -!aiii|>. An .•\|i..|iim.nl .umliH.ti.d lu s|,n\v
linw m-ci.>siiy In thr - 1 health of tl„. aiiiii.ai niM.ii
l""''"^ ="■'■• ' ^'^I"''' "I 111" vaiiii.>liiii- nf til.. ..iitii.. hndy
"I' 111" animal dralli ivMiltid.
D, Respired Air. •rins im , ' rsrwium lM,nl..|s so
'■l"s«'l.v nil 111., inspiialinn . lakiii- in nf fivsli air— nm-
'"'"' "'I"'"! llial Ihr d.'Miiptii tlic ni-ans pcilnnii-
iii^' this Work will I..- iliM-iis>|.d si-paialrU.
I'.irathin-' iwpiialinii , miisisls nttlir takin- in nf pure
air, cliai-vd with „r;,,/ni ,\\w lilr - i\ in^' -a- :, and (lie
cx-rlnm-r nfthat nxy-m \\,ira,/>,n, ,li iuhlr ,a pnismimis
.;;a> i. tlic (.xchan-c takin-plaiT in thi'lnn-s. Tlit-hlnod
is iMoii-li, iiit,, iiitiniatc iclatinii uitli tlii' air in tlie
Inii.-s. tli.MvfniT wi. tind ilial as a ivsnlt ,,f sui'li cnnta.t
111" 1.1. K)d l.rcnim.s .liar.m.il witli nxy.^vii. thicker in a
snisf. ..f a,],.,.p,.|. ,v,| ,.,,!,„■. ;,iid disidiai-..s vAvUm di-
,.v ;,i I 1 1 1 , .
•■^:■:^ .:::v; :;;■.:;. ;;;;; iiU ; j T i iif U-:m li i ,)j jjie eXciuUlJ'C Of
m
I '/' I null 1/ I'll iiiriils.
Ilir ulic J;;l-^ lipl ihr iilllcl. Ii( Tc llli'll We li;i\c III ,1 Illll-
slirll lln' l(;i'>iiil> Im \ clil : l.it lull : I In iciiinNf iiii|iiii('
air ;iiiil _' tilrh m |iuiiaii. ami \>\ raiiviii;^ <>mI llu'x'
t wci iiii|icii laiil I 111 Hi; > l:i\ !• ■> ' I 111' iiii-aii^ ni « ai nit li t<i
tilt animal.
I'llf |llcl(■(•^•^(■s nl l;iU ill;; in 111(1(1. ll>lli- it ail<l < 1 ixlia 1^ ■
iiii; thr wa'-ti'. Iia\i- liccii dc-^ci i1m-(|. llicic I ciiiai ll■^. Imw-
(■\cr. tlif i(iii>i(|( I at ii Ml (it llic I i'>|ii rai III \ lucat liiii;^ i
(ir;;aiis -dual [hii |mi>c in iliaiadci Imm aii>c. a-> Hit i iiiatcil
aliii\t'. nut iiiil\ ilii tlic\ rciiHiNf llic \\a->li' |i(ii^iiiiiiii> ;^as
(carhiin di nviili' . Init aUn air tin- mtaii- li\ wliicli that
\ aliialilf ^'a> owqen, w it IhhiI wIikIi im animal lil'i' can
»'\i>t. is lilnll^llt illld 1 lie ^\ -Illll.
Ihe Orqcins ol Rospircition. I In- m^an- uniiiu In make
till' ii'>|piraliir> -,\-lriii an- Ilir iin-iiiU. na-al caxitics.
iiiiai>ii\. lar\ii\. Iiaclna. liKniclii. lir(imlii;il tnlics and
liiii^-. llic /('<v////.s arc -II iialrd at I lie aiilcridr c\t i ( iiily
of the iia-al chaiiilici -, llic\ arc made up nl cait ila;:cs,
which arc dilated liy nin-clo. and lined li\ miicdii,- iiiciii-
liiiinc. At the ii|piiei pail <<\' the 11(1-1 liU arc two liliud
(xickct.s. called lal-e iio-iril-: Jii-t in-idc the iiuNtrils arc
small opcniii;.'-, ihe point nlcxil nj' tear-. lii(iii;ihl I'luiii
tlic c\ c- li\ t he lachrymal duct. A larL;e iioNtiil i,s niiicli
dc-ired. a- the iin-l i i I- cdni i dl ihe anidiinl nf air taken
in. The iia-al i liamlier- arc | u.i ca\ itic- -eparalcd l)\ a
l)i('ce <>{' cai I ilauc ' ,uii>t Ic . i he -ept iim nasi, in each ca\
ity arc thin delicate curled lidii\ plate.-, the tiirliiiiatcd
hoiii"^. cd\ere(l with miicdii- mcmluane, which is tliin
and contain- delicate lilddd \e>.-c!.. cdnsc(|Ueiitl\ the air
is waiiiicd as it pa— e> d\ cr llic.-e Imhin plates heldre
1 1 111. m 1 V <. '. < dii-i 11 111 ni;; t lie
67
1.11)1 /Inn ,
-^•.M-.,r>„M.ll. .,..:,U...|,M,,l,M,...l,,Ml,.. M.,s;,|,MM.,.„.S
""■' "'"■■ ''"^ """""^ in-n,l„,.n.. ,. ;. ,.,1,. ,M,.-mI..
"'^"' '■"'"'■ "" ■ "",1,1 niH.MHUnUs „„.,„.
'"■^"'" '■"'■ ^^''' '" ^'"'^ '" '1- iVr,,;;n,Mun of ,| ,.,,,.„.
""' ~-""'"'^ "' ""• ''•■^"1 <• nMUU;,,.. «„1. llM' ,..s-.|
'■"'""■^•"^ "''•'"•'"" "''"l'«'n,l... >....„ ,„..;,(il..JMsi;,(t,.r
'"• ^'"^ ""•'-',.. TlH.plMnnx.iMM 1m.|hm.I:m„I1m.|uw
""•"■'"'' '•■'^'"••- '-'"" nl,,l.,.,|, H..|.i,at..,v.M.I,|,
-•■^"^•' "■•"•'^ ^""1 1'^'- ^'ln.,MK i.,.,,, ,|r>,.Ml.,'.| T|„.
'"'■'"" ""■^""■'•'"•^ lu. I,,.,.,, ,.,,,,...1 , MiMs..,,!.,,. :,,,,!■,.
- ^^^''^•■•'"■'"^ '-"'"■ '-l-.r.iH..H...,..;nl,la;:..ss,.v,.„
'" "iHMlM.r. l,i;:,M„.„.s. an.l .!„• ,„-„/ ,W,/„. ,i, .,.,ns
'" '"""• ■^''"•""^'""■'"l"^",..i,n...,lH...nt„.. n.spin.lury
'"'''• ""• '""^'■''- "I ""■ I^HMiV luvr rnntrnl of i,"s
--■-•:.->. M,H.;.. nd..,nn,, ,,..,,,,,..,,,, i,s ,.,,,,,. V
'■y tijJ.lMnn^nr rH:,xin. , 1,.. ,,„,,, ,„.,n|s, |„ ,i„. .lis-
-:.>v1.Mn.na> l^na, ,„;, , 1,.,.. K.aMu,^ „, ,1... nn.sHrs
"'^" •■"""■"'"'" •■'"•"I- <-ii-nM).lU .1... ..alil.n. r,,„.
"""■'s>"i:.ll.T tl,an n.,,uin.,l u I,..,, Ihrh,,,-... is ,.„l t.,
M'v,-,v,.x<.,,i.,n. >n,.has,aMn;,.„ .Irani,,;, lu.a v .oa.ls
'•"•■'"■""•-""l^'^'-'ni,.. Ia,u,xa....a>a li.I |u ,I.'
V"7''"'-="'"'"'^ ,MVV..„,. ,,„„1 ,„,,,,|,.. „lli„;,i,..o
"•■l^"y„x vvlH.„..„li„. na.vi,, tl,.. ,,.,il,.t. Tl.is l.H,..^
""'"•^'"•" ^^illa. ,.,„.,. 1... „,,/,, .|„.„.ln.n,.l,i„.-ani"
Muls n„ly .s„„U ,,,u,nlilu.s a.ai ,,l. ., , ufl n,r sl,nuh| I,,.
.Uivni: il la.-raiau„i,l>a,- |M.„,-,..i .jnv,, ia|,i.llv tli.- lid
• ••■(■(.iiifs raised t,, a||,
liiijd [lassrs diiu II •• til,. \\ I
'^^ ""' iiiiiiiial !n l.rratlic and lli(.
"".li \va\.-- that is. iiilo til..
^''"•^''•'••■^"■'■'^^"'^'I- •-•"-• iniH.ton;,iM. is ,„dl,.d for-
ward diiiin- .irciicliiii... as. i„. I, ,.,,,11 I .
lid
ip and thus optMi tl
• ii.^f I iif
<-'ttfu oniie dtutli oltiic animal.
"■ laiyiix, with til., ivsiilt (,iiit(
(is
Vr/rriiKin/ I'll HI' Ills.
liiiiiKMliatclv IicIdw ilif l;ii>ii\ i> liif wiiinpii
li)iiit' I ti;i
chca ', a llcNililc lulu- iiia-'c iij) nf rin-s of carl ila^c, li^a-
iiM'iiIs, etc. ; lyiiijjc i'l^l aini\c it i> llif ^iill'-l t-Miplia^iis),
Til' liii/i'iiliis. iiiiic ri-(i(lj-<'n iuuihI imdii - mi liif sido nf
tlic \viM(li>iiM' ju^l lifliiw tlic ia\\>. air of iptcicst. (iwiu;^
to tlic scifiit ilic curiiisity as lo tlicir riiiicl in!i>. wliicli ii|i
iKit kiKiwii. I'ai'ari;fiii('iit nl'
arc
to till' prcsciil time
tlicsc tihiiitls Kcciir in animals. I lie cniiilit imi lie inn kimw ii
iis Goitre, very oiicii a serious
serious liecaiisc tlic progeny <
tioiilile in breeding ewes,
il silell ewe^ die dt or soon
after birth. 'I'lic tln/iiiii-s i/IuikI or sir" llnin'l while well
(IcNelopeil in I he \ ouiiu animal lemU lo (li^apiiear. sliri\ el
u]). as the animal -ro\\> older. It i> inteiotinii- to note
the (leiimiid lor this ^land.
■>e\ ent\ cents a iiiiiim
'. \\ hole
,ale. lieiii'T ol'laincd I'oi il iiM'li. a^') -that i~. lor cal\ cs
sweet breail
s; ! wo \ ea
r old
■llhcad^ are ,iot a> v alii-
alile, thev eventually Ininiii^- into Cat.
The Inii'l" « or w indiiipc > located in tin' region of ihe
iietd<. ami at its lower end enters the eh«^i cax it.\. where
it di\ :de> into siiiallei' tnWes ' the Inomhi . which a.^ain
dixide into still sin.illcr Inlies iilu- Ini'iichiolcs ). these
IIIIIL
end in little iioclvcts or sao >! lie aii' cells oi uie
The minais niemhraiie ot" the trachea has immliers of
cells iiosso»ed of waxy 'ails, know n a> cilia. '1'Im se cilia
lia\c a c(nitinnal motion tVoni wilhiii outward^, ■-o that it
iiuicoiis or some loieiL;ii jiarl icles ^et into t he w indiniie, by
the mot loll of these cilia, this material is throw n o;,;.
The hlind |iocUcis or air \esicles oft!- Iiini;'s are
foiiiied ot' a \eiy line iiiemlnaiie siiiidiiiided !>y xcry
dtdicalc Mood \e.-sel>. 'i'liese air cells. Ihe >lliall liloll-
ciiiolo. Mood ve>s.'|>> and nerves ^t> to make u|i the
I.'iiT) II
69
lilies, wliicli arc spnii;;y ur"iir
IS "la i()s\ licsli cdlor. soiiic-
wliat
iiiail)|.Ml ill a|.|.c; laiicc : llic iJol,|
wlial lar-vr iliaii tlic Idl. ih,. lalirr 1
il|i(iii by tlif hi-ai I, \ |!..a!t|
iiii'i; IS sdiiic
'I'll.' Inn- Mil)>laiic<- ill tl
M'iiij;- ciicroaclit'd
ly lini- will Una! in waiei'.
iialnial state is \vi\ flasti
and ivi|ii:ivs \,U-u\\ <>f luum Ini cxiiansioii : picssn
the Iniii'- I
IV on
issue, due to a lack of room, the result of such
aiises as o\-er|'(.e(liiiM-. teedin^ hn]
.y inni'iril ions toed.
soinetiines eniis in
rii|itnie of sonic ,,1 the air cells: (lii>
"iKlitioii |.rc\ents I he |.crtorniance of tin- natnial Inn
orU and as a iliscasc is let nicd II
ca\ cs.
I" i'niiiicction with the Inn-s the ph^iira. one of th,
s. coinina.ids allcntioii. The ii/, inn iia>
scrolls nieniinaiH
tw<
inxcrs. one covciiii- the Innos. I he other iinin<.- th
insiijc of tlic lil
The two 1;
11 lis: iiet'vccii the two hiyers is a small s|
•ace
ners ot' the
:ino||
pleura, in licallh. -lide over on
'"'I' ^^"1 ' friction. l.ciiiL; oiled l.\ lliesecreti
ons, ;|.s
a result of iiii.amniatioii. the la\ers h
line diy and pain
IS the result: lat.M- on an excessiv c .lischar-e of fluid mkin
akepl:
lee. coiisiiiiitiim ualcr in the ( \us\ , Ii\(|i«)tl
loiax
(•|iAi''ii:i; V.
THR PROCESS OF- BREEDINO.
Reproduction. 'I'lic niirniliiclivc riinclinn in :miiii;ils
is one (>r ^'ical iiii>iii!-iil ti> tlic Ntiiclcinini. liccuiisc iicciud-
iiij;- iis their I'cciiiMlity ^ riiiilliiliit'» ? is ahoxc of liclnw
tilt' ;i\ ci;!;^*'. so w ill his imoiiit' likely lie jiIionc nr helow
the ii\ eia^e. I ii oi ili iiai\\ eases a k now led^e oj' t he anal -
oiiiyand iihysiohi^N ol'ihe ;^eneiat i\ c ni L;aii> i> not needed,
but in t he ' ,///v/((/<////<o // e;ise> sucli a> disinelinat ion to
hieed. retent ion of l he allei iiirl h or oihei- niiuatnial eon-
dilions -sin-h knowledge is al»olutely essential to the
stockman's linaiicial siieeos.
The general i\e ]in cess may lie eonsideicd as une of
the oidinai\\ meiliodsol ^inwin- laini (anps. The ele
iiient (semen ol ; lie male const it ine> t he seed, t he won i>
( iiteius i ot' the remale the soil in whicli the seed is
|tlaiiled. iinder natuiai condiiioiis. the eici|( (iirs]Miii,n )
is assnicd. 'I he Lieiieiat i\ c organs ol t he male aie (|llitt■
(lilVe^ellt to I hose of t he female in a]i|)eai aiice, \ et ana la
•i'oiis in their oiiL;iii. for e\am]ple. the clitoris in the
I'emale eorres|(olids to the [lellis. the o\aiies to llietes
t ieles. and so oii.
The Mdle Orqcis. The cod. liau'. sac -siadtunn con-
tiiiiis th( stojies or testicles, aiid is located lietweeii, or
hehiiid (as ill the |iii:i thethiuh-. It has se\cral coats
(leii\ed t'roiii the skill, and fiom some ol' the alidominal
imiscles, (■■*ternall\ il siiowsa line or rai>he. lhi's<li\id-
riu Pr
orf.tN
r n
I,., I.
The testicles
lindics |)l;icc(l lioii/oiilallv ill the 1
es ill <• I n i> (■
<ll>C*(t
KHSf. \ fi t icallv III
( illlf and slici'p. 'I'Imv ai<' mad" u|i of a iiimihcr (L'(MI-
!0()) liljnd iiihcs in wliiil
1 is sccrcird tllf S|H'
in (11- scnuMi.
t'S. SC!(iU.S IIK'lll
'lin- s|(ri niatic curd, iiiadt- up ul' hlnnd \cssfi- (it is im-
poilaiil hi rcniciiilpcr in cast lal inn iluit the aitciy id' tiie
cnrd is sit iial cd at tlic fnnit pa it of it i. ii,.i\
I'laiir. lyinpliatirs and a iniiMJf. tlic cicinastcr (wliicli
u iilidiaws tilt' testicle iiji iiiin ilie inuiiiiial caiiais at cas-
traliniii, llie \ as dercreiiN la liiite c(.ii\e\in^' tlie seineii to
'lliis
liie penis), suspends the testicle in the scrutiiin.
speiinatic c(ii(l is Incalcil in what is known a-
til
e ingu-
inal canal, entiance to which is olitai 1 liiioii'di t
wo
Ills III III'
ihdoii
iiiiial tloni : pi('\ iiais lo Inilli the lesti
clesaie np in the Itndy. later (ni they descend tiiroiH-'li
the I inL;>
iiinj;> of the canals). I
1 exceptional case.s
the testicles do Hut descend, ill micIi cases t
ic animal is
: now II as a iid
\ icimis and hard I
liii:.:. oriLiinal Kixptorchid) ami is often
o colli lui. The ji, Ill's is made up of
the urethra, which is siliiate<i on Hie mid
"■r surface, and
erectile tissue, the latter heiiiL; III;
ide u|i >f Ithiod vessels
ii( h It
«iiie eii^ior^cd with Itlnixl dill illy se\ iial e.\cil<
llU'llt. the erectile t issue I'urins the "i:
ins or head. The
sheath (|>repiice) is a \'i>\*\ of hose skin that enxeh.pes
the penis, it is the lucat ion of numerous sehaceoiisjilaiids.
T/ii-s <>r(/((ii rci/idiiM nirr/'nl i .nniiimitinn iif iiihrrah. or if
allowfil to heciuue dirty or clo;^i;ed the passa-'e of Hie
urine is more m less hindered, due partiallv to the cas-
trated male 'j,n'ldinj;. steer or wethe;) iiriiiatin<r in the
sheath. 'I'he noise made hy Inuses when liottiiii,', is due
; > tile air rusiiiiig into the slieath. In hov iiies the penis
72
\'i h riiiini/ I'lriiHiils.
is Inlii,^ ;iii(l tllill
!!■ sll(;illi liillUt'T Iliall ill tile llMTM'
'Pi
II' iMTiiJiarilx in llir iii;ilc m-iin of iiiniiiiMiils (cattle
(i
iiiMl >li(c|.) 1^ t lie .s shaped III r\ !■ w iiirli pei inil> nj raj) id
e\teiivi(>ii of lli:it di-nii. lnit j iri-\ iMi! - tlie ]ias>a:;i- iil'a
cat lift IT. 'I' lie cm I nl' i lie iiciiis of I lie laii: !•> iiiail<ed hv
a Mliall tllill |i|iiiecl iciil. tiie iraiiii a^ il 1^ called hv sliej)
Ikm'iIs; tile icinu\;i| nf ilii> ucuni mttcii pel rmiiicd ill
<ireat I'.ritaiii to ineveni ihc --iiippaLie ol ^nnill >t()iies in
tlie II ret lira I i> --aid l< i lender a i am iiilei I ile. ^ .' i
The seiiieinspci mat ic llind I i- a >I ick y while tin id with
a peculiar (idc. I ; il cniil;iii|s iiiiuh-ihiis lin l,. (.h|rcl> witii
u'D'd heads and \\a\\ laiU known a- sji. nmihr.nd. i>y
nieaii'- of Ihc \\a\ \ ino\ enieiil I hey an- enabled to make
their ua\- up ihe rallo|ii;iM inlic-- oi ih.. icmaie.
The lemale Keprodiirtive Orqdns ire i he o\aries. (alio
piaii tiilies. woiiili iiitern--i. \a.^ina. \iil\a. 'I'he iinuim
i.lMK \ I l\ I ..i:.. \ \~ .,i \ M \ l;i (Mill: \\ /.i<\\).
K, iccluin; \ 11. \:ruiii;i: i 1. l.hi.M. i ; N,ii.rli,i! ih.uoinli; r, u.Hnli,,r
nil TU-; II, liMi ii> .■! Ihi- vvnnilp: i i. .i\ai \ .
are siti'ated lieiow mid ln'liiiid the kidneys. I'asieneij to
the uterine li-aiiieiil: lhe\ are Idiiish or reddish wiiite
ill color, and allhoii-h --mailer, lesemiile the P'ticles in
shape. 'I'llf «>\ ai ies are the Idl Ihplace nl the o\ lllll (CLI^).
'I'ln I'rniiss (,f Dii'idniii. 73
'I .\"i clcKikiil llllio. nlif I'lolll ciicll n\;if\. ciitUl'N tllC
ii\ iiiii 111 llic Imnis III ilir \wiiiil>. llicM- liilir-' art' lud^ctl
ii. t lie In 1(1-. Ill' t he hi nail liuairicii!. The womb (iiiriais) is
.1 inii^ci(l(i iiii-iiiliraiiiMi-~ uiuaii w il ii \ civ (i i>ifiisii(ic walls.
>iltialc(i III 111)' |icl\i( caxils ami ticlow the Iniii and
ti'pii|i. Tlif iilci lis is said I" lia\c a iwidy. lidrns and
neck ins). Tlic- Inn lis i III 1 he male) air dim led iipw arils
U MM i; ,,| \ I I i\\ 1 \ I I I l: \ I /.U \ !.
(■ ( '..|\ li cloti- III- l.iiii,,)!-. 1 h. :HN iliirlh i- |..i lii.i ll> ~liip|"il i.ll Iwo
Ml 111.' ii|.ii,'i- .1||,~.
and Inrwaids. in )! i-ow d.nw nw aids, 'riic liack part of
the wiiinh is iianiiwcd tn rurin the iicck ms) wliicli prn-
Jccls into tile \auiiia. In the marc the umiih liniiij^' is
(■(Hiipaial i\ ( l\ sniiiut h. wliciras in the cnw tin- niiicinis
nicndiraiic lining llic nici iis shuw-- idiinde-d elcvaliuns —
71
\'i trriiiiin/ I'll ninila.
liiiltoii> or (((////( (/(),/v. 'I'lie wdiiil) 111' ilic ewe is siiiiilir
lotiiat ol' lliccitw. ihr limiis hfiim Ikiiuci. as i|ic\ arc
also ill I lie s(!\\ . Till' niijiiKi is llir |ia»am' (•iiiiin'ctiii;^'
! ill' wniiili ami I ill' \iii\a; ;i i- tiic ni^aii ni' » ii|iiilaii>'ii
anil ii('iiiiii> t lit- |)a»aL;i' "I tlii' iiir--|ii iiiu. I'lic nilni is
till' <'\li'iiial i>|priiiii^- ni llir ufiiilu iiiiiiai) liacl. a|>|ifar-
iiii; as a IniiL; ii\ mil slii iiclow ilir aiiiis; mi ||ir llonr of
tin- \iii\a is llir I'litiaiirr In llif Maililm. ain' alsn llif
clituiis (cmiiiii iscd ul' n i rl ilr lissiir!.
l;i-|iri(i|iiri imi is acrmii|il' linl lt\ i in- iinimi ul' t wo ill(ii-
\ idiiais III' 1 lir ( i|i|i( isilc SIM'S.
Heat, Rut, Oestrum aif all Icinis used |<> ilcsriilif tin-
naliirai inal iiiL; iPi'iimj. at \v liirli t iini' i iif n\ um U'ul;) is
(lc\clii|it i] III liii' ii\a;\. ami passnl liuin tiicncc to tjio
lltrl'US. wlini' il' il iiiicis Ihr liiair rli'liii'lil may liiTolIlf
t'crl ill/I'll ami iimli'i-ip ili'\ cluiiiiiriil iiilu Hie iirisoiiii!;-.
1 liis Im iiial imi nl I he ii\ 'im ilocs m>l nrriir iiiit il a rci tain
lit'iitiii. I^IM>\^ II as /,/)/;«//,/. u liirli Is iiiaiiiri'sti'ii 1(\ liiclirsi
apiii-iraiici' III' liral. i In- si^iis .ii \\ liii-li arc swcjlinjr ;,ii,l
rt'ilili'iiiim- 111' I hi' ^-fiiiials. iluw nl' inlil isji. |pitii1 iar siiicll^
iiiLi' disciiar^i'. rri'i|iii'iil allrm|i1s|M ininalc. i is| icssiics.s.
Im'IIow iiil; ami scikin- ..I' ilir malf. imuiiilim: ul'irr ani-
mals, s|iasiiini|ic imi\ I'liiciiis (ii liir rlilmis aic i'\ idcm-fd
liiii'iii;;' 111!' I'liit ir [ii'i i.iil. 1 III' rmidii imi uf i nt nr heat
Im-cuiiii'S imiif lii'.|ii('iii wiili dmiirsi iral inn.
'I'lii' I iiiir tla|isiii;4 licl w (I'll ilii' |ii'rii)ils (ii li(.;it varies
in lilt' dilTiTi'iii animals, iirciiriiii^- in Ihr marr at intcr-
\ als 111' ci^liirch 111 t « I'll! \ mil' iia\ s. in ralllr alimil cv i-ry
tilU'c wccixs. ewes r\ my si \li'i ii ti i si'\ ciili ni (ia\ s, sows
Urtfcii II) Iwi'iitN -mil' ila>s. Milting w ill mily lie ixTiiiit-
t«-d diiiiiij; tlic i>i'i i.iil u! ileal. I'he time asaiialile lor
Till Prorrss of Ih-ndhif/.
76
iir.itin^f :ils() \:iii(s in ;iiiim;ils. the ;i\fia^;t' <liii;iti<m of
l,,';il ill tln' iiKiiv is two to tlircr (l;i\s. in tlif (->\v lifttM-n
In t!iiit\ liDiirs. t'wc two to tiiift' iliivs, in tlic sow one to
iliicc ila\s. TIk- |.ns('!iic of tlic male is t>l'!c!i rciiiircd
to i)io\c tiic cxi^tfiicc of tlif licat. If (•on(<'i)tion takes
place lifat is not evinced a.^aii til after tlie histli of
Ihe yoiin;:. Tlie eow will come in lieat four weeks after
ealvin^'. tlie mare nine ila_\s alter foaling: in ewes, ext-ept
horsetsand tlieir crosses, liieedin^ will not he allowed
until tail, while sow > sliow no ^ii;ns of lieat nut il after the
|)i^s arc weaned, alt lion}j,h coiiceiition has lieen known
to take |>lace threeda>s alter lai row iii^. The lime taken
li\ theosnmto leacli the nlcins may l>e two or thiee
day>. in rare cases after Itecominu •m|)rcj;nate(l, the ovum
has fallen into the abdominal ca\ it y and there (le\ eloped.
Some animals me coni iniially in heat: siich is usually an
e\ ideiice of a diseased condit ion ol t he ovaries, i'nherty
in the male is e\ idenced by the >ecreti ni of semen and
the presenee of the sexual appetite. The contact of the
male or^Mii. which must he erect, with the walls of Ihe
\ an ilia caii^cv ejaciilal ion of I he semen. One single sper-
mato/oon i^ Miflicicnl to iinprei;nate an o\ nm. such heinji
the case, niiiiicroiis services during one heat should not
he pcrinilteil cxcc|)l in sjiccial cases. linpre<j:uatiou is
as a rule only po>,sil)|c hclwccii animals of the same
species: hyhiids are the roiill of laosses hetwceii dilVer-
eiit s]iecies. such as hctweeii the donkey :iiid horse, the
mule heinu the ic-iilt. ll\liiids will not hreed. .Vrtifi-
cial hreedinji 1-y means of the capsnle method is useful in
mares that are shy or diflicult hreeders. and in those w lio
throw out IIh' semen. iSee Sterility, p. 17S.)
76
\'i li riiiiini I'll III! Ills.
\\ lirii till' >>\ lllii l> llii|.li'L;ii;ilf(| il is (mii inl lo llir nit-
ni^ <il' iiii|nc;^iial ion lo, ,|. {.hiri- in i he rall<p|.ian Inlic' and
tlii'K' iin(icr;;ncN t||c nalnial cnnr-^c ul (|f\ r|(,|iin(nl. liar
i'!'i« ;ifi'i'ic!il>. lull' till \ Mini- a In ma 1. Tlir |iri mpi! lakni
to cnsMi'c siirii (if\ .iMiniicnl n'-nall\ s|i(p|vcn nC as llic
pel iipil (.r ocsial hin. is im llic a\ria-f cIi'Mmi ninnliis in
tlif inaic. iiiiii' nini,ili> m liic cmw. live niiiiit||> in thr
ewe and >lic^nal.and 1.1111 ni.iiilli^ in tli.' >.i.\\. It is
<|uilc a cnMininn nccni I rnci' iiir an\ ol linivc animals In
run ii\ CI 1 he I inir nKMil iniHd.
Fsscnticils to SiiKPSs in Mdtiiuj cire: Snmh s< rriiin \)\
tln' male, cxcfiil in cMriil i.mal ra-f^. jilmln 1,1' , urrisc.
hill I III ill, / III ih sh I'll nil I IS. and imilni il i/; in I In- Ic male t lit"
s^\t\>- a|i|il' . Alili(iii-ii lii.TiJiiii: is |")svili|,. al |inlicrl\,
wliii'li uiTiii- in JiMi^i - at cmc and imr liall' \cais. n^lil
III IwcUc hiiinllis in li.i\ inr^. and --in In ciulil ninnllis in
llif sli,T|i and \> J.. It dnf- nnl tnllnw that it -si Id Ih-
pel iniitrd : lured i n- llnm niniiitlini >lnrU is iilir III' IJM-
Clirsrs 1)1' I 111- I i\ est nek illdllst IN'.
•^t 111'' liiiif III' iiialini; Imtli aiiiiiiaK slmiild he in a
licall liy (-ntidit inn. '\i,iii--> air nil.- n i-M-ii-iM-d m- iiicd pisi
lii'lnrc sfix ill' ill iiidiT 111 in-.iirr rnni-i-|>t imi. |'p tu dale
slic|)lifi(K iiiakr a piartirc nf lln-jiiim tin- i-wcs. as il is
callfd, liy Ifcdiii- lapr. nals, fir.. Im- a sliml timt- pre-
\ii>ii> III mat iiiu.
SiKTi'ss ill malini,' di-pi-mK iml nn tlir iiiiihImt oT -{'VX
icfs, lull nil Ihf \ilaiit\ and auf "T tin' animals iisfd;
dniMcsiiraiinii iias had its cfti-i-is m ihi- hands nf inlclli-
.L;('iit liiccdcis Ini ^nnd. as is SI-,. II hy <li<' i III plus fmciil ill
live stuck, and Im- c\ il aUn. iiid;^!ni;' li\- tl nini|i;i-cls.
such as siallimis. lnilU. ,-ti .. pm mitici: |.i ii-a\cl llic
77/' I'niriss III' lirniliii;/.
(•c(iiiilr> and |i''i i>rtiiatr
i\i,r> it (lime ill III''
aiialniiiN 111' tin- pal !■- ii>«
lliiii kiml. I'.rffdiiiL; an«l liiifil-
tliiN witik, I'lit as tilt
>ri)lH' 111
ii|n^\ II
,1 li.i- l.crli ilr^-rl lliril. tllf J.livsi-
|- iiialiii- >lli.lllii aUi. I"' uiiil.-l-t...>«l. -nine n! tlK'
\ l-]lilf
. IIIIVV s
»mii^ lia\ «■
iri'll i|i''>rnl>(i
1. Ml that I ln' >ti'(kiiiaii
liiiu an
1 w lien III III ill/.'' aiiinial
Inl lli> liflli'tit.
I \\r i|l|r>t inn ai l-'f
lie alliiWf'l. and ai w lial I ii
IW lillcll --IllMlllI
>r lllc ^llnl
the Lii'iinat i\ »■ iul
lid inatiii^- liist
lie pel I'iniK'l
Ihf iiiii-lli:j.'ail \i
ill,. u>,. nf iiiima
\\ h ]«• lirci'il'M- 'liirt'i- ti> Miinc '-x
lent,
1 11^1 r-.^i\ (■ iiiio ai '■ a
liii I- daiii^ ;.ii'l ^ii''
unit in dc lyin^;
I III' I'ullnwin-- sen-
tclici'^ '•
nilaiii I ln" kfiii'
the llialtiT
Stdlliuns
,li,,iild mil !"• n-i'd until I\mi \«'ai> "li
1. at
lich 1 inir tii'-> iiia\ I"' nia
IimI w ii li a
!'• 'A'
1 ;in nl'M III' lli'-ir \ aliH
dn/cn ^iMi'l mart's
ii.->: at tiirt'i' yt'ais
,1,1 ,„;n h;i\r rmlN iiiai'-: al loin .M-a-
Id. si\l \ niait's
,1 up. iiiiiiil"-!- Ill -lallii.ii> ''Vf
■cdm- tllf tt'ulmy
mark iliiinr^ a ■-'
a>i'ii. Ill''
haiidliiiL; lUiiiii'; that time
w 111 ix' a
lactiir ill di'tfrniMiin
■j; till- pcl'I'llta.Li'
.1' Hvi
InaN. 1 iirl> 1"
|i\ lilt: t'lah. a
i;\m1\'
■[■ ci'lll. is Ciill.^H
1i1iiiul;Ii iil'li'ii fV''
l.ifd a tail- axt'ia.u'c <d'
dt'tl: It is >lal('l tlial
ilamlili'tiaiiau lualcd si\l\ nine l>t'r <'fii
t. 'if
lii^ niaii-^.
'rilc ^ii\ I'lnilirlll si
alliiiiis nf l'"iamt' antl
d mil il t'liin Nt-ars nH
1. and art' tlit-ii
( Irrmanv an- in'l ii^'-'i nni
all, Avrd oiil\ rmir niaii'- a tla\ . as many as .uif Inintln-tl
l„'iiiM ,n\nvd dm ill- a s.asi.n. 'I'lif fiiiffiisus «.f t>[.iii-
i,.M sfi'iiis 111 l.r llial a mar.' sliuiild ii"l I'f Int'tl until sUi'.
is tlnff Ncais ulil. Tllf prartic' "f -'hhI liuisfiiicn is to
ull'.w al It'asi an intfixal n\' 'nif Imiir l.,-t\v. 'fu stTvicfS,
and sclduiii i> nioic ,lian '.iiv stT\ ic' -i\fii a mart' in tiie
iiUf lii'at.
'" \''l'iiiiini/ i'l, III, Ills.
Ilflotc |Hiirh;isiii- :i Millli.pi, nhntiis src lijin s,.|\.-,i
'll^'K'. IMM.M t|-.,l|l.|r mil IJHT.'l.y hr mi\ ,•,] th,. | Hll(ii;i.s..r
ittid iiioti' s:iti>r;iciiuii l.r (|,.ii\.<l I1..111 III,. piinJKi.M':
'I'aiiN M liiM' ;.|.|MMlill- >l;il||,,ii |. totally Us.-l.-> tnr .-,t ll.l
(lilt it's.
Bulfs iiia\ lit' all.iucl \\srn\\ li\,. ....nns in a iMvcdin-:
scasui). altlinii-l, thr |,|;l.ll(r .,| a.| \ a ii.-.d .lail\lll<-ll ol
liii\ in;,' CMUs c.iiiiii- ill at .|itl.'i,.|it iim.'> iiici ,-a>.s tlir
"|>|'"'ltllllili..s lui Ilir Us,. ..I thrl.llirs|,|n,n.ali\,. 1M.\N..I>
iiiiiiiilulil, tin- c.iKJitiniis iiii,|,.| w hull >ii,|| an animal i>
k<-|)t |.rii.ticall\ .•unhuK ins ahilit\ a> a siiv; n lat an<l
lacking cxfiiis,. lijs |mp\\ ,.|s aiv iiiaiix,Ml|\ (|fli,i,.nt.
Hcil'crs ,.r ti„. daily I.IV.'ds ..l,.|s,.y. (;il,.,Ms,.y, II,,|
."-tt'iii. v\r. , aiv Msiially Incd tocuint' in at l\v,, Ncaisdl
ii-c; l.nM'dcis ,,| hc'T ty|„' <.r ,alll<- Shniilioin. An-iis.
• •If. ' |)ivlcr tu wait a \.ar jnn-ci. it rarlici' lli.-ir dc\cl-
ui)inciit !-> hindt ii'd and lln^y aiv lui. .,.r siHulrd.
Tin- pfarlic,. will) rams \ai!,-s wiiji i||,. |,„.ati,,ii )„
soinc extent, mi the laii-es a ram is all. .ted tu foity
<'\ves; it' ram himl), are ns,..!. unly si\ 1,, ten ewes s|i,)nld
be allow, Ml: a l.etter inactiee is t,. iis.. no lanis l„.|ow the
yeailiii-- -.v^v, which means in most tlocks. ei-hteen
months or theieahonls. Th,. .sl„.|,|i,.rd is s,, sii uai,.,! that
lie. of all tile stockmen, eari watch tlie resiilK of ,,v,■r
matln^■:lnd the use of immature sii,.s and dams, ifsiieji
ai-e iis.mI. or th,. ram o\,ita\ed. the lanil.s com,- either
weak 01 undeisi/,.,!; a ram wiios,. |„.\\,.rs are carefully
imshanded. l,y tiiriiin- with the ,'wes for a short tiiim
only each day. may have as many as sixty ewes in the
breeding' .season. fre,|nent s,.r\ icessJH.uld not he allowed,
only had results h.llow, such as \N,.ak.-nino of the ram.
Till Trill I ss III T>ii'' ilii'il-
79
I'.wr^ A\r III
,1 i|sii:ill\ l.l.,l lllllll llir\ li;l\r ;|M,llllfil IIm'
;c (i| \c.n liiii;^.
K bocir r.iiiiicil !><• f\\n-t
Inl Im lir I ^lictc'^->rill MIf 1111
lo-. Iif li:i> 11
iiclnil IIk' au"' "I ■ >'■•" ■ ''"■ "'"''^
lirill^:
li|i-'l li' 1:111"^^ al '!"•
Ilic ;i\ ri iiL:f li".ll Wi'lli'^ II
.iiiic ;il;i': iIm'M' i> lilllc il;iii^;t'r of
\ (I I.IMll. ( olilll 11. ill lii> SwiiH'
llii^li;iiiili> . Ill' lllllll Ihal Inr i-r MX l:ii iiitTs com
1 ;( l.(,:il', ratli l;iriiiti Imiii- -mi.]. used 1.. uWll
line 111 iiW I
(lii/cii l>r I ^i'^\ s.
Ih«' Uiqc'stive cuul Reprddin tivo Orq.ins of Poultry <lin(r
,. 'I'lic -iillcl ill
Icninu mil in tlie
li'i-litiv lllllll lliii-i- III iillii'i I'll "I -li
)Miiillrv I-- i|iiili' I'ihl; :iii<
I 111 f>riil> :i w ii
neck l\
iiiiw 11 ;i^ I ill' 1'
)/(. Ill \ lllcll l>> pi'
t lie ->;lliii' \v II
iif I iir liul^i'-. liiwi
Inl lIHil lir.lflil'lllly
tV;llllci(ri.\ lllfs;iii\ a
I tliiw II III! ^iilli't ;iu;iiii »'iil;ii;;<'> In I'oi iii
rU ;i-iii liif lii'-t -luiiiiiclii
liic /'
il nil
//rs Ihc lil-l -1 iii-li f:i\ ll.V ' \N
licic a lliiid
ICM
iiililiiiii- ua-^l I il- liiiii- 1-
•ciclcti. Ill I ins Miccccds a
iiiu^ciiiar ( a\
il \ K imw II a-^ I 111' .'/' : '-"i
.1. T
If lii/zai
il i^
111 III
Irl c^-l iiiM-ail-i' I ill' ^\ III
k 111 ui iiiiiniu llif IiiihI, iiiiii-
iianU U'Hii' 111
(■a\ It \ . lilt' I liiiii>ii;^Miiii
111,- iiiiiiilli. lakt'^ jilarc III llii- iiiiiM'ular
>r llii- i: II I II linn piinTSs (Icpciids
nil I 111' |iri---i'liri' I
if "III : >ii(
h licilii; I lie ca-
-lipi
ilv
^riii 1^ rv-.ihiial 111 llic lirallli I'T |M.iiltr\. Tlit- pnwcrt'ul
iiiiixiiiai wall-- 111 lilt' -i//aid liy llicir actimi .uiiiid llie
t'.Mxl liflwrci: !ll«' liailH'lr^ nr -1 il 1(1111111 ill liiat sttiiiiacli.
'I'iic iiilr^rnii- aif slimier tliaii in liu' nllii'i xarit'tics ot
lariii stnck. ami Ici iiiinali' in a IiiIm' known as tlic
cluiii'ii whicii i- coiiiinnii |i> the di.^i'sl i\ c, urinary and
!'cprodiicli\ •■ oi-aii'-. Tlic Ic-^tirlo in birds arc located
under liie iiaek imiie jiinI in rioiil ol' liie kidneys, on
a le\ el witii liie on-ill of ti.e last two pails of rilis.
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2
1.0
I.I
128
s- lllilM
til
III 2.2
|| 2.0
I 1.8
1.25
1.4
1.6
^ /-A PPLIED \MAGB Inc
=^ ■ -l Last Mc'i S-'eei
r-S tester. New Yorii l^60'j 0.1A
^= ■ 6) «82 - 0300 - Phone
^= ' fii ?8e - 598<J - Fa.
Sd
I 'i li I i ml I'll I'll iiivi Is.
'I'lif cxcirniciil III' |iuiilii\ is, ;i-. nil kiK.Nv. (if Iwii
coliiiN sliiiwiii^ (ii^iiiici |iiiii imi^. 'I'lic wliilc |iiiiiiiiii
i^ I 111- /, "/(/' // M'cl el iiiil I li
' I '^^^k
[ ^//\ "^ il:iik |iiiilinn llic hiiinl i-\.
\ clrl lull. \',\ |ii| illiclil'^ li;i\ (J
I "'I'll cai iinl nil III dilfi'-
'2^ lllillr lllf llMI-lll (>r tillll'
lirfr>v;il \ |(i rhiji^i' hcjiilr
;ill llh- f--^ III a lluck <>!'
lien- will III- In I ilc al'lcr
I lir I ilai'i WJ, nf I lie CiicU
w il li 1 lii'iii. It lias liccii
rniiini liiat an iiilcrxa! of
Icii ila> ■- i^ alimil I lie t iiiic
it'i|ii ircii. it lia^ aUii lici'ii
rniiiiil lliai llii' -aiii) liiiic
iiin--i riap-r alter iciiiii\al
III' I III' niik lii'liilc ail t lit'
i'l;l:-~ ail- ini'ial iic.
M ll^rlllar i!f\ r|n|)lMcilt
ill |i-.iili I \ i> mainly nl' in
trii"^t ill cniiiifci mil wiili
it > lit iir>--- Inr t III- laliji'; w c
' liiitl t lial t In- ^aiiii- w iilt li (if
ni:ri;'iiii ( I I V I ■■i:.. \ N~ .■! I II I . .1. K . , , , , , ,
, ,. , , , .... Iiark ami Inca-'t is (IcMrfd
■ I, '(, h sin-li-s; h. I,, cpiillilyilHIs: ,-. < .
\:i- .lil'i|-i-iis-. ■/. rli)in-a; i/'. Iiin-SH lit in |iiiiilti\ a-- ill ntlli-f nifUl
111, s;,s ii,i.'ivii~ ..iii-ii: /. iiiai--iii III 'ii'ariii- ^tm-k. 1 lir lircast.
""'~' c-lM-riallx . .-^111111111 111' W ell
i-ii\'(-rcil willi mi-al In rnlU siipph tin- ili'inaiiil n! Ilic
meat maikt-l: tu uhtaiii -mli. pliiity nT (-M-n-i-^c. |mii'('
ail'. L;iiii(t liiiid ami wati-r air m-c(-.-~>ai \ . tiii;i-t her \\i1h
The I'rorrss iif lirodinf/.
81
t*
sw
1 i: I N V i: \ \ Ml .; I ri:'MM ( I I \ I, oio. \ N-^ "1 Mil II i:N.
.f. civMiy; '.. iiirninlilHilir |inili..h .iT ii\iilii.t. .■. ("TIhiii of o\ idiirl
« hirh .-..■nil-- Ilir :i 11 111 I 111 n: . , uli i ii^ m- ^ImII In' mini; porliiiir, 'I, inK's-
1 1 111 ; ,/', rlciani; > . ' . i ipi-ii i 1 1:; if !lii- iircliTs; r", ii|i('iiiiis; (if iiviillirt; ■•■",
ili'lurs-iiiiL .■■ini'^poniliiiL; In t In ii|ii'iii iiu' nf iilr<i|>hi<(i oviduci; i/, bursa of
I'alij ii iu~; /.'.'. Iiiilni> ili\ I'll il mill Hill 1 inln-^; . . i I'.'lil urrlcr.
(i
82
1 I firiiHiri/ I'll iii''iils.
tlic Liiit li.>rc.ic iiiriil iuiii'il. Iicicdity lias a imwcrful
i"liii''ii'''- siiiiilai Im /s irsiill- ill calllr. Tlir ijiiie
iiccf^saiv Inrihf Liiii-i'i- r.nlliiir ilic (.n>|iiiii- \arifs
:Hf'iiiiiii- Id \\\,' s|,ccicN. cliickriiN arc lialclird mit
ill Ihivr w.M'k^. -(i>liiius. (liickliii-s, ami pniills illic
.Miiiii- .if Ihr link. ■> in a II Ih. The (ii.\,.l,,],iiiciit of
•''"' '■''i<'l'^ ill "!'• I'.-U. I'\ the aid n\' Hi., in.ailialor. sii|.-
pli"'" III'' iii\.'~!iL;a!.ii- with a lai-.^ pa it .il' lii-s kin.w 1..(1h(.
i»',u;'.i-.iiiiL; 111.- il..\ cli.iHii.'iil .)!' Ihc mmiiil;- aiiiiiial in tin-
wuiiil.. hi'miiinii- \\ ,li 111,, liiii,. v\ii,.|| 111,. ,,\iiiii was
iiiii'i'-,~ii:il'''l 111 llif HiIm- until it i> .•\|,rllf,| iV.iiii Hit.
U.illlli. I'll.-
f.Liu i> k..|it at an a\ fia^c tcniiifraliiic of
lii;; <i..-r.-i-^ u lien Ml 111., inmhal.ir. Formation of an fgg.
l-.iu K li;i\ |. ,,|il\ ..III- w\ ai\ and .nic .i\ id net at niatniit v:
'i' ''!'■ ii\ar.\ .-uiiio til.. ,i\iiiii. ciiiisi^i iiiii- (.1 lli(. xclk
'■ii'l"^''il ill :i 'liiii ini'iiilMan... al tlir ii].p,.i- part .if tlic
oviduct II i-> i.Tiili/cd. itisilHn lure,.,! dnwntlic ,.\ idud
liy c. lilt raci lull., ,,r IJiai tnii..: diiriiii; ilsd.iwiiw aid t'oiirsc
hcin- calc.l u iili a .1..|im. ia,\..r uf allaiiiicii. l.,\vcr d(.wii.
"i"' "\idu.i iiiui.. aliiiiiiicn i., a.i.l..ii. th,. la>.t all>niM(.ii
ad.j.-d ii..iii;: n.uic wat.ay lliaii the lii-t. ihe" a tiiiii lilnp
lik.. nieiiilManc iMiiiicd ,.1' aliiunieii is aild.'d; >till IiiiIIkt
''"^''ii- 'li" ^iiiall ..11.1 uiilwards. it reaches the uterine
wi.l. .11111- v\li..re It :-, .■,,ale.l x\ ill, a liiick whil.. lluid
^^'ll^'ll liar.i.'li- aiKJ h... nllle^ the >liell. rhe c,)|.,r ..f the
i'-.ii- shell is out ir.ni: the culur secret in^' \ illi o\ the
lit. .rill.. ca\ii\. the p,,iv, in the ,.-- shell hein^r tj,,.
"•"•-nil "I' •■■'iila.-t will: thus,. \illi. •j-he n1i..|1 Mihslance
fuiiiaiiis caihiMiai.' nt lim,. \\iih a litll.- cail>..n:He of
iiia-ncsia. ph.isphale ,,{ lim.' an.l ina-iiesia: loud con-
taining thes.. iiiat..riaK or tli.. mat. -rials I li..nis..|\ cs nuist
'/'//»• I'lociss of Ihfdliufi.
83
tlicicrnrc lie >ii|>|(lic(Mn tlif leal li<M cd taiiii stock. The
vj.'^ lakes I'luiii ;'iHi'- tn >i\ liniiistu travel from tlu' ovaiy
tn the iitciiis. wlicif it iiia.\ ^ia> t\\ci\c to t \v<'iit V- four
lidiii'- licl'oic liciiii: ('\tni(li'(l a> tlie I'u^ of comiiMTcc.
Mritinci of Poultry. i'ii. ^aine priiiciplcN of inat'.ii^f
apph to poiiltiya^ lo tlie loiii' I'ootril stock: t licifloie
luf hicciljim- ]pnrpoM-> a cock may l»c allowed ten to
twenty hens. iiioi«- than tliat iiiiiiiliei is nni'rolitaUle, the
lai-<' iieiceiilauc of iiiteit lie e^t;s c plained ol i)y many
farmers i> due to the o\eita\inn of the i)foci'eative
powcis of the cork. I'lillels and yeai' old lu'ns are tiie
mo>t prolilalile layers, the Incedinii hens shoidd he one
yeai- old or npwards. \\ is not ad\ isahle to hatcli from
jMdlet eutr--- l)n(d<sare n>nidly paired oi- two dncks to
one drake, the lemale ma> lay as many as to to .-|<> e<,'<,'s
in a season. The ;;ander i-. usually i^iven tliree ;,^'ese,
who lav two >ettin,us of e-^- in a season, ^^'cse <lo not lay
nnli! one year old. Tnikeys are slower in coming to
inalnritv tinni other I'owl. the tom male turkey) .should
be fiom two to thrtc years ot' ape liefore matin;,' to get
the West resnli>. Ii\e inrkey hen^ are allowed to a tom;
an interest iiig fact about the mating of turkeys is (liat
one \ i>it suflices to feitili/e all t he eggs i K! to •_'(» ; laid
by the tuikcNs a' one |ieiiod. it is(|iiite common for the
tnrkev hen to las twice in a sea>on, tiie seeoiul h»t are
rait'lv lertile.
< II \i'Ti;i; \ I.
THf: MILK (iLANI)S AM) ThlUli fUNCI
IONS.
'I'llC Mill
K ,Ui;ni(l> ;iii' i-
•II' i;il t" llii' iiin|ii-r |)ci I
nllii-
'""■'■ "' 'll'- l'-|Mni|||,li\ (• liiiirl lull. M
in ll;|> ll
Illllllc ll-M (>l I hr I
i>\\{'\ cr
;>ii extent lliat ■.,,!
iii"^ liineiiuii^ ;iii,i .|,.\,.lip|„d it t,, v||,.i,
lie rii\, > :ii e linw
-|"''i:ili-l> ill mil
•"■'"""•"""• 'I'"' '--"I' "I >ll<'il >peei,il|/;il|un iMlial til
mil
aiiil> lia\ e I) riiiiir I:
|>et-,si>t,.||t. llii. i|iiiillll_\
lo ihsi iisi iiKi-' ii.\' ll.
ii'^<'i-. t he iiiilkiii- hainl hii.k;
;neii -lealer ami /A- ll,ihilil,i
The Idder. 'I'he anan-emeni and
iiiiik -lam
mid
enlist iiiel imi III' tlie>e
ind> \ane> in the diHerenl aiiiiiiai>. 'I'l
le male s
er (•uii'>i>t> Hi I U(, hal
\es caeh pieM-iitin- a iiippi
teat liiel
'■eu li,\ m),c||1|il;-, til, I I
■"■lies that lia\e iie\e|- 1
;ti-e Miiall. ill iild
laijic and llaMi\.
'idle iiddi'i III
|i|ile or
|>a»a,^e III milk: in
"'111'' \niiii- III,, icais and mider
'"""' inaiv> the udder and t
t he eiiw is eiimiiiised nf t
wii hah
aaain di
eats art
es. each
N Idetl ^1 that wi
ak III' ll
le '|Uaileix III' an
"■ 111 ilieeu,. iwi. -la:id-i)ii!\ are present.
eaeli
iiddei ; whii
\Mlli a teat; in the.HU th.. nd.ler .■MemU ahm- the li.dh
'""' ''''^ '''■'"" ••'.-!" '" '•■■I f'ats l.e|i,n.;:in-liia-> many
^damN, arran-eil m i«,i mu . 1,.,,^ |,„ i.,.. The iiilerii.r
"'""■ -'•""' "^ '"'"I-' iip"t',t:!ani| li.Mie i,irim.i| intn |i,|„,s.
<-.H-li liilie li,.|i|o mad- lip III .mallei' lnlml,... each. if these
'" """ '"•■"- 'I'^i'l'- lip "I' ii'l'- ami small di.ets. 'l-hrse
''""■''"""''•■'" l""ii lai-..r duets, all nf wind, -radnalU
Till Mill, tiliniilx and lluir I'liiiclhius.
■n\\\ CI .;!• Ill I lir ccnlff (1
I 111' ^himl u lifir llif\ riiilll
I
i\ilic> kiii>'.\ii ;i> llic milk >iiiii-t'>. tlirs used to li
l;iclit(
Ik iiiak
Iciiiiril laci ilciiiu^ > milk making ■ ^iiiiix"^.
'riir milk siiHiNC'^ ciniilx tin- lariral x-cictinn iiilu thf
trat^. rarh nl which is ;^iiaiili d liy a sjihinctci- miisclc at
1 1 1 \ ■ . I .• \ M " I 1 I \ 1 \ N 1 1 . . s I . J I \ I : n I : ■ ■ I I 1 1 m I ; .
.V, spliiiirlii- iiiuvil.-; /. trill: /. iiiilk iiv. 1 \ ..ji'; •'. 1 hr iluii: '.. ui.tMiin:.' of
u duel; /, ;l lob.- / . a lol'iilc lined liy <•. . |iilli. limn; ^ l.rhl- nl iniicdus
nil iiiiii'iiii' .
its hiwcr end. il is this s|ihinclci- miiscic which is so hard
li>rcl;i\ ill some cnws. th;il causes Ihciii lo he termod
hard milkei-. The udder is lined with a delicate c<dl
stiiiclnic known -a-^ < pilliil/Kiit. this cell st i net lire c\teiid-
. . .1.,, ..1 .
L-.sy.
-im
il
_j.
86
1 ' h'niiii n/ I'.li III! Ills.
Shcipe ui Milk Glcind. Il lin^ ln'cn ^l;iii'(| ilmi ihr iii-
t<'iii;il |i;n K III' t In- inMci riiii>,|si ulCi'll- ;iih| ,,| ||,.|' ^i i iicl -
iiic>: iiiid ;i^ ■>ii(h. ni|iiii r I hr ii-.c nl i he m ki ( isi-(i|ic inui c
<i|- lc^> ill their cMiiiiiiial lull, lif^jdis ihc cilU. (■on-.iclci-
llhlf ciillllrct i\ !■ 1 i■^^Ul■ fillers llitii 1 lie lldiler luj |||;|| iuii.
t lie mill 111 III (if siieli I Is'-lle liiiil I'l in II \ ,1 Hi el ^ I lie elaslieil \
iifliie llijiler, ;•> Il ijue^ in liill>ile. 'Ilie ^i i e;illeil l:ie;iti
liess ilepeiuls mi Ihr | ii e-i'mc ^^\^ ;i l:ime i|ll;;iitll\ nf enii
Heel i\ e 1 l^-lle. I lie
iPle^elire i il' w h iell
e.llllliil lielji lull
s|||i!il:llll - I ;i II ll
ll>>lle ■-eiK'l illt;-
1 i>v||e , t liel eliiic
W e e;|ll II 1 |i |ei--l am I
w h\ e\|ierl miller
jiiilL;e< waiil ehi-.-
I ie Mihlel s nil I heir
e 11 \v V. I ' 1 II r.
i'liimli has iiiaile a
series (,r si iiclics (if
ihe eslellial I'lllill
III' Ihe iiihler and
the r e I a t i II 11 n|'
tliat fiinii til iiseriiliiess. W,. (annul dn lietier than
imte what he sa\s re^ja rdi n- the mallei : '-A nund
iNpe nf udder will ha\ e its siilf line, that i if 1 lie cm \ e uf
;i ciiele. il'a tine mldei. it will lie earried alunu' lievnmi
I he lines lit' 1 he eiiile. I)\ an e\teiisinii almii; the liellv
and lip lielweeii Ihe hind le^s. siirh an iiddei with teats
iaai.e a -:;(^l i ;, j,e
A \\K1 l.-ll A I.A V( lai I IHil 1!.
..I I I 1 I 1. .. 1 r : ., . 1.
ilii MUL (ihlilils mill tliiif I'lliirliiliis.
^
;!■- s icw cil III It 1 1 I 111' >ii|r. I',\;iiiiiiii'il 1 1 Kill I li" irar. t lini'
^lioiilil lie iuiiviilrral)lf 11iiikiif->. llir ili\i<liiiu tVrrow
^lialli.w ami im •aliiii'^-. lln-.u I ihIiIit wli.ii iiiilUcd
niit lifiiit: lanls wfll -liniiiUi-ii." WlnU- tln' ultiiiialf
I.->i mT llir iiiilkiiiL; ahililN will hf iln' -calrs and lln-
HalMuik Ic^i, lliiii' can In- no liniilpi w lialc\ .•!■ atlff ;i
(•lii'>c ^liiil> ul the .Apri inicnl-- "\ I'nil. IMiiiiili ilial tlic
v|i;i|,r ami r.iii^t nifl imi nf ll'f mliln air \ alualijc i in lira-
I llrlls I(l\\ aiiK •j.i-\ ■
I II'- a iiiiii'i'l idea
111 llic milk in^- altil
il ic^ 111' a ri>\\ . 'I'lii'
alioN I' a n I Imr i I \
calK attcnlmn to
t 111' lack i>( fuic ud
diT in many cii«--
and L;i\ c>. li^iirc'^ tn
liack u|i his ciintcn-
linii. Iliat Ihc best
nddcr i-^ I he si|naif-
l\ lialaiict'd. clas-
1 ic I'ccl iii;j; nddr r.
w il li a larur Mimd
>ii|ililv. ( 'crlaiii liici'ds air <li'tii icnl in Ilii-- lopcd. tho
A\i>.liirc. liu\vc\cr. hciiij: -i mni; in iKrciiddcr (ifvclop-
mciit. 'riicri' is nincli in licrcdiiN : man> -luck lirci-dcrs
cxamini' the Imll intended tn head their herd>-. t'nr tlu;
placin- (if the nidimentaiic- ; --mall teaK |ii-l in liiMit i)f
l>a-- or -cini mil as tlie\ heliexe that such jilacinn i an
indicalinii iif the inultaMe placinL; ol the leats in his
A I'.. Mi; I hiPia;.
"■Ji ','t
.. ..< 1 . . I, .
., ,.i 1 1... I'll, I ; I. .<.!.) '
88
1 ' Irrii'iii II I'/riin nfs.
Si|ll;ll<-1\ |.lilrr(|. l'|,,|. I'llllnl. piil-. Ilir .| llrst i, ,|| •■||i;iy
lint a mat. -rial uain i ill' iImu !«■ ^.rnii nl li\ drxi'lo])
in;; III.' ri.i.aiil.lri ;• 'III.- li-iii,-~ -iiImiiMIi-iI Ii\ jiini in
lillllflill •;•_', >>[ I'liidii,. I |||\ CI vil \ , (cllalllU llnlij iitlt
t»'>l iliKiiiv llial >ii(li iiiipi ip\ .■inciil Mia\ ir^iill
111 lifa\.\ niilkci- Ihc iiijili'i i^ 1,1!. Ml |ici iifiiiliciilai-:
what i- Ifi iiK-d 1 he liiiiiul vlia|M-(| mlilti i^ iiui a dc'^iralilc
t\|M'. iiritlifi arc mlilci^ uilli \ ci \ laii;c tcal^. It js
i lit l■^l'^t i II i^ to ii!>l''
that im >iiili iiir-ii
laiil\ 'if Imiiu i> |iif-
sciilcd l)\ aii\ pari nl'
tlic aiialiiiii) (if ihr
ll'llSf. I>\, >ll(C|l (1|
l>i^'. MS sliuw II ill I he
milk ;^iaiids <>\ ihc
cow. I f mil' (|iiai Ifi
of an iiddci is dis-
• ■ascd . t lif 111 lirr
i|iiaitt'is d(i imt MTiii
ti> take nil the Work
of the rrvt in;: i|ii:iilfr.
The function of the
udder i> In ^cnvlc milk, tin- stinmlii^ in d,, >n licint,' tlic
iiiatfiiial fiiiictinii. Mills tlir u.iik nf this ci^aii differs
finIM lliat nf iilju-is ill thr lind\. ill liiat its ScClct inll
scr\ cs nn iisctiil |iiir|,(isc I,, i|,,. animal s|.,avl in-', lint is
i lit ended tnser\ e as a In. id nil « hie 1 1 In raise the nffsjilillL'.
The secretion of milk is held |,, (hpeiid mi a lliinwini;
ntf (if the ejiilhelial cells ,,f t lie al \ e, ij i. C(imi lined with a
tiltOril!!: 'M!t n! XSalel'. s:!!l-;:!!:d ::!!•.;:• ;::■.!;.:•:!_ !':..:;: !!...
A i.i.iiii i.iia rin.KH.
I'll' Mii'l. Chimls iiiiJ 11(1 ii I'll III ti
S!»
"
i
III I: wIkii iIi;iI -crirlicm l:ik(> |il;i(i' is \i'| ;i in'xit
|i>iiijl, lilt' u|iiiii(>ii Ill-Ill l>\ Ihi' Iii--| ;nil limit ii'S i>. Ili:il
llir ^icirl lull 111 lllf uii-.llfl |i;ill nt Mn- Millk ^lM•s .in ihn'
in;^ :lii' .III III iiiilkiiiu. I' Is ii"\\ iii'iil lli;il llif iiciaoiis
s\ st I ■ II I 1 1 , 1 - 1 . 1 1 u ' ■ ' > 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 \\ i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 M ii 1 1 1 r I i 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 i I k , a
I f;|sii|i,ililr I iilicl il~liili \\ lull wi' 1 iliirliilifl llial I lie act
i\ii\ 111 a ;^laiiil i|i'|iiiiiU lai^i'lv uii ils |i| | sii|i])l\.
t lial s|i|i|il \ lii'lliu cnlll I 111 I'll li\ I III' lir|\ ■- . \N 111 !>(• act lull
is I II runt I act 111 w nil 11 1 III' I il I \ I's'^cU.
l.'iM'liri^ dc
s('i ilit's a iicr\<'
w III II l»'a\ I's llic
sjiiiial ciinl ami
UiH's lilt he iiildci'.
tilaiiii'iils I'i'iiiii its
liiaiirlics j;ii til
t 111' tial -, t lie cis-
tri lis a a il III t'
ah I'uli. W II (• M
the t r a t s a I" t'
w 111 ki'ii w it II I lie
liaiiils till' iicrscs
sill I iiuiidiiiL; tlH'iii
ail- iirilatiil. ami ihmiiuli llu'iii tlir sccici inn olmids art'
st iiiiiilalrd. rausiii- I lii'ir ciiiii I acl iuii and the discliai\t;('
of t licil' ciilllrills,
'I'lii' \i'iiis al'iiin- the lii'll\ li'a\f till- rimil nf llif uddci'
and 1:11 t'lirw aid in a iiiuii' t>v Irs^ wimlinn' iiianiHT. hrancli
Miiiir 111' less iiitcii. and i'\ cm i!all\ disa]i|ii'ai' 1 lirnii>;'li
li'ili'S ill llic alidiiininal llniir. tnnicd milk wt-lls. then
3 V
A 1 I NNv i.-^iiAi'iai I uiiia:.
rll
rr-,)
,,..|.,
!»0
Vcttrhunij /-.'Innt nts.
'"'II"'. I" l"' rv i-iil ii.ill\ iinili'il 1., ilif iiiiciii:il llmiacir
\ ''111 t li«' I'l iliilii;ii \ \ (-111 cil I lie liiiiM.ili ,
lh<> niiiiiimcirv vein liicuwiH lie iicccpH-iJ ;is iit'luidinj;
Noin.' III. Ill', ii mil ,11 lr.i.>i i.f till' iiiilkiii;,' rapiiltililifv ,,t :i
<"^v- ^ <' lirct'dci's" assKciiilioiis ciill lur ccitwin m
r:iiit;iiiiiiil- Ml I ho,, \ciiis. !iN I'l.llnws: Siii;;lf :iiii| ilniihl..
l'M.'l|v|,,ll, Ml|;;lc ;|||i| ,l,,l|l,|,. I , | ; | 1 1, • 1 IcS. >i||;;ll' :il|l| l|(M|l.|l
clii'M .■\ii.||.,i,,ii, or niiiliili(;il iiiivcl I \ ciiis. 'Ihc wdls
\.ll\ III IIIIIIiIm'I I'l'MliI i.ii,. I,, llii-,.,. 1,11 I'Mcli ■^i.l,. nl the
Miiiiiiiil: ilii\ ^li.iiiM lir cii '^i,,,!! >i/c.
r/ir ii,"il< r lie iiiiiiicilii itf 11,, mlrrics iiiiil r, iii.\ c,,,/
n,rl,.l ir,l/, th. ,„l,l,r, Ihv /,ir;/rr ll„- ,„ill; s,nrli„„ ,rlll
iisiitil/,/ i„. TLcuiv :iih| |,i;i,.|i,.,. 111,. II .,.,,1, ,,, ,||,i,,.
;iiii| li;i<k II 1 1 1 1..- hIriU ,,r I hf 1 1,111 \ 111, 1 11. .111,. ,.| N^ hi.li 1.
:i ;;iv;il ili'\ flii| .iiii-nl . .f I li.. iniini iim , \ \.iii^. IIm — ih,.
I'l''l ^l'l'l''.\ •■■IIIIIMl iif -,■,■11, ;|||,1 ,,|,|s |,;|,|- ,,|' 111,. M.||,,||,
Syslcin ciT I lie Ihlll.T ;|1,- \ l-lM,., \ j/.. l h,. ;lli,|,i|||l||:|| \ ,■jl|^■,
iliiii lli.iv,^ iiii,|,.| Ix |||M- 111,. ..kill ,,r 111,. II, I, I,. |. \,., |-,.:i^,,||
;illl<' (■(MHlll>lnl|- (Mil l>r,|l;|\\|| ||,,i|| I h,. ,|,.\ ,.|,,|,,||,.||| ,,(■
1 111' III ilk \ I-II1-.
Holding up (ho Milk. \;iii,,ii-, ili,.,Mii- li;i\ ,• l),.,ii ,i,l
^•""■'''l '" :HT"UMI Inl Ihis l|lllsll;lli,,il ,,l ;lllll||;|l |„T
vri'Mty ;iim1 Jiiiiiiiiii |..-<-iil ij lil \ : ih,. laii.T |,m,1i:i1,|\ h;,,!
I'fi'li siii,\\i| 111 !li,' ruiiii ,,r ;il,ii>,.. :iii,i ,,|- .•.MiiM-. -I:ilii|i>
111.' .•\ilill||cM ;|. ,,!„. 11, il 111 t,, ,,„,, ,,,. II, ,11^ ,.,,\V.. W ilm'.
ill "Milk :ll|.i |i> I'l,, (111, .|>.'' -hll,. |1,;|| Ih,. Ii,.l.illi- ,,l
'III' milk |v (111,. Id III,. |,i,.scii,-,. ,,| .,|, hill, ■Id lllll-clcs ;il
Ihc 1.1, 111. -11111- ,,r 111,. (liicK. 1111,1 lh;il thiN iiiii.-,Mil:i|- 1 Kvhc
i^ I'. Mill. '('Ic. I Willi the ;il,.l l||,!l 1||||.-,1,.-. whuli if c.ll
tni.'l.'.l, ;l- 11 i..-iill (,f lii^iii. (li>|ik.-. .-l.'.. will .'illisf
lllf Unlk I,' !.!■ !■■■!:! ill!-;! !!: !!,;■ !!:h!;.:- ..:■ ;, il i. 1.... !
J
-' T ~
c — .•
"t r
.3 Z -■ >
r. I - -1
i = i ■•'!
I. >^- r
- — '
,Jil
92
Vi(i riiiiini ]■'.!< till Ills.
""■ '■"" li"''l^ 'i|' li-M' milk: .,, lar I ii;ivc l,,..-!! mul.l..,
'•Ithcr l.\ .iisM-ctluli ul' ll.l.l.-|> nr cinsllllnlioll nf ;nit liuli-
'!'■> "11 the ;iii;ilnin\ :in,| |ii.,,,l,,-\ ,,| (I,,. ii,|,|,.,.. t,, \,.|.iiy
liis Nialriiiriii. |'iii.|,.:il„.|- •.liii.s that ||,,l,|j„- u|, vf
""■ '"'"^ i'^ '111'' '"■! <"ii-,.Miuii uT th,. l,i i \,.ss,.ls i,r I lie
leal anil -\.n,,\. ulii.-li is m,,!.- h-iial)lr lliaii Ilic ^.ivi-.-d-
iii.i;- tlii'HiA. as II |s^^,;l kiiMNMi thai cuii-vsi i, ,ii i iilci iVrcs
Willi llir U(ii kii|M ,,| ;|||\ LjlaiKJ.
Composition of milk. Th,. .uiiiim.sK i,„i .,|- milk is at
""' l"''-''lll lllll-' .■ll-a-ill- tllr allcllti,.!! nf ,.\|mT|
'll'MliisIs; s|„.|| |||\,.slr;al|n|,s Mi;,\ ;|| li,^| \i,.„ sc*'!!, of
'""•■ "■"' '" ''l'' -''"■l^Nlall. \rt V. ll'Ml he nil, Is llilllsfirwitll
vuMii- aiiiiiials uliicli miisi l,r iais,.,| 1,\ lian.!. a kiiowl-
'■''- ' ""■ ^anniis milks n,|| ,vi,(l,.- Jnm cai-aM.- of
s'viiiiii- oaiiis rr,,iii II, us,, animals; uhi.^h ,,t |„.r\vis<.
nii.ulii tak.' \far.s ,,r,.\|,riim,Miiin,L; In liii,! ,,iii. |',n' ck-
'""!'''■• :• l"al has i,, !„■ i:iis,.,i 1,\ h;,,,,!: ■,,iisii|t i,|n- ,i„.
lal.lcs 1,,.|,,\N. iiiaiv's milk is |,,iin,| i,, \h- iLImt m, sii-ar
'""' I "■' '" I'l' 'li:"i '-"^^'s niilk. as a ,-niis,.,|u,.ii,,.' 1„.
"'"■ il'"l'li.-'''l 1". lis,. ,.,ws milk, a, 1,1 s,i^;,r and |i,,s>il,ly
'''''"'■ "'"' '^''l''! i'l-l"!,' ,L:i\in- ii I,, Ml,. I,,;, I: in„.„t ,,'ii
!>n>lmi,u lambs i,,r ih,. si,r,« -nn;.; t|„. si,„.kmaii will us,'
till' ll,s| ,,,\\'
I" IK' '"II' ,^''1. <-\M''s milk hriiii.- M)
"""■'' "'I'"'!' Ill lat Ilian llial (v ...lUs. On,' ,•« .--s milk
at til,. W is,.,,ii,siii Siaii .s|,.,l i;.ii,i,.,.|| ,„.,. ,.,.. _ 1,1111,.,.
'■"• -^''"^ ''■'!''-- '" 'liniinisii II, .|iiaiilii\ ami impnivc in
'■''■'""-^ l"'i '■'■II'- "I 1'1111,-i- lal . as laclaliuii pi-.i-rcsscs.
Till Milk aidiids 1(11(1 llirir fui/iclions.
lOMJ'OSrnoN «tK .MII.KK. — ^IIKNKY. )
o;i
•^7,17
S 1 v_'
( a-.
All
III aiiil
IIIIH II
1 .'■>'■<
' ! . 'i^i
!'.'>-
'..Ill
I'al
r. . sii
SllgMl-
Ash
M;ilV
o.fiT
4..SS
\.ur,
1 . ;■".
.36
.71
( ciW
i;uc
■^( i\\
1 It?
l'"'loiiiiii;X. ill lii> • )l)strtri('s. pluc.-s tlic aiiiiiuils in tli<'
iii'ii'l' tif llir lirlllli'ss (iT their mills-. ii> Inllnws: hilcli,
i-\vi\ •j;iK\'.. s(\\. ciw, ci'inl. W'lsiiiiii. ;is-.. inn-f. 'l"|n-
lii>l niillv allci llic liiilli >>\' llic muiii;,' is i iclicr and
lliicUcr tlian nrdiiiarv milk, cuiilaiiiiiiL;' a lar;;c per cent,
iif aUninicii ami asli. Iiss w alci. and is IciiihmH 'i dost in hi.
I'liis ciilnst nim is iisaallv scfiftcd dniin^ Ilic liist I'oni-
III' ti\(' days alltT cah in^'. li is intended hv Natnic lo
reiiiDNc ihc jeeal nialtei' meciniinm i aceiininlated in tlic
liiiw els (if the ynnnu animal iiehire lijrlh. 'I'his natnial
|inr^ali\e lias dnne its wmk when the leces dnnj;' i (if
the viinn^ animal changes iVnm a lihndv or tIarU liiuwn
111 a yellow isli ( oliir.
SiniM' ln-ee(hTs when |ii epaiin.^- lor a milk test get
(heir cows n|i to a rather tat condition preN ions to cal\-
in;:. liu'ii w hen the lest lie^iiis a short I iine alter coin! n,i;-
III, the lat oil the animal uradiiall\ disajipears. lo rea])-
pear in the milk pail, this nntliod. liowe\cr. is (nily
a\ ailaMc lor a short test.
In the show rinn \ariens e\pe(lienls are resorttMl to
in older to myst it\ or decei\ e I he indue I'or e-:amph',
iiiie(|naiter of an ndder ina\ liedelicient: llieiidder is
lialaiiced np 1>\ partialis milking oiil ihe ;^ood ipiartcrs.
lea\ iiij^ the po(ni\ developed one nntoiicln'd; in .soino
Veln-iniir/i Eh ,ii. nts.
— "Hlklu>l„...M ,.„„,,:. ..Mn.n.lH. .,• mH..,. I,;, VUM-
'""'""■'■"•'"'■■• in.lii.M.||,\ 11,,. ,.„,„.
Owii.n 1,, ,1,,. ,•.„,, ,,,.,, ,^,^^
lirl .
""' '•■:">. il is l„.l,i t,, |„.
''■''■' "Kik.. Uicir way inl.,
-'""' l"-.H-li.-.. I,, milk on (|„.
< II \i'ii;i: \ii,
IHI: HL(K)t) AN[) l.>MPH.
'I'lic (iiMMl»ici|i 111' llic l;ikili- III (>r tnc.i Ict'l I llllt fniMl
ill a rni 1(1 it inn lav (ualilc tiiicai I la^c !■•, i he IiIchkI. in tact,
a^ MM 111 a~. I In- 111(1(1 iiialci ia! ha- pa^-cd i !ii (aiLiii t lie iiicm-
liiaiio I w iicl lici- walU III lijciiiij scsscis III' \\ail< ot' iiilcs-
tlllCS I
iiilii llic 111 i -Ircai
II NlHJl t
111 1(1 \\a>
aid to h
all-Ill lifii. Ill all-Ill |ii imi ii.iii lai\cii |ilacc. This aliMiip-
timi liaij. linw ex I-I-. all laUcii |ilacc wiliiiii a ciiiiipaia
1 1 \ cU >iiia
1 1 ai ca. I licicl
nlc. Ulllo- till-
|iic|>aifil I'lMid
wa- (li-I rllilllcd l hinii-li iln- Imdy it \m illld lie iif (■(illl ■
jiarat i\ cly liltic ii-r. Tlic -cli'cl imi aipi ii-c ut' t he food
hliillulll li\ !lic 111 I tn \aiinll- |iail- i;iic- nil ill iIiom-
pail-, llic \\a>tc iia> In lit- i ciiihn (■(! a -o or di-casc wmild
ic-iill. In iii(lci- I'm tlic hliiiid In ;:n In aiid icluni I'roiu
t lie ti--uc-. inad-iiiii-I lie iiiii\ ii]cd - ai Id ic> and \ciiis -
lilt' mill i\ (• |in\\ CI- -ciidiiiL; I lie ill 1 tn dirtcrciit poiiits
liciiii; -ii|iplicil ii\ a piiwiiii,! iiiu-clc pmii|i - liic iicai't.
The Ivmphiithit dnil cibsorbeil sysleni, (nii-isini^ n| nodes
—el-. v\ l|ii-c hllicl
ioll I- In cnllccl lint nl||\ t lie nil-
lnti\c iiialiTial li\ iiicaii- n| i lie laclcal- oi' i lie intot iiics.
lull al-n In -aliicr up llic \\a>l<' iiialcrial. all nt' wliicli
llic\ ciiipl) mill ihc 111 I >licaiii near tiic iicait will he
(Mii.-idci (■(! a~ par' nl llic ciiciilal imi. in I'act. owin;,' to
the cnlnr n| the llind lIlcV railV, liiiiic nl' Ic-s 111 i 1 1< \ in
tile lactcals and cnlm It -- in nihcr jiarl-, it lias liccii
dnlihcd 1 he while lilnnd -\>i(iii. Blood iia> two distinct
IS'l
!t(i
1 I frriiiiin/ I'.li nil Ills.
fiplirxvs. wlilcli |i;|\(' lii'cll liallM'il :ircn| c| 111^ |c> ||l>' ilf>tl
Illlti'HI. till -I'l 111 III I \c^>.cU unlli^ p, ;,;,,! ' ■ ■! 1 1 II I i I li;'
Irmii llic Iiiiil:- cwm^i n uir ihc |iiiliiiiiii;ii \ -\s|ciii. ilic
nllicr M'l li;i\ ill- Ihr I'lln'r <i\ 1 1 l>l I 1 1 illl I li- I lie I ili k iij I c .
aiMJ cmIIccI iiiLi il Imiii ihr ii.,| di ih,. li.,(|\ Ih-iiil; tcnncil
I lir N> ^Irliilc r 11(11 1; 1 1 lull. I \M i i u ,1 licll.-^ i .1 I lir hiUiT lire,
tile iciiiil s\ v|, .III. -,,ii|M h, ihr kidiicx N. and ihc |iiiilal
>\.slclll. uiiiir.^ Ill ihr li\rl. The liialrlial cuilcil is a
rc(Mis|i lii{Mi<l. kiHiwii ;i> Ihr liJMiiil. I r uf (|ia\\ sniiii'
hloiifl ami id il si:iiii| r,,r a liiiif il i-~ luiiiiil In -cpaialc
Hilii a lliiiil sri mil iiiiij -mIkI |mii1|(iii ciui . llic -(■iiiiii
i> a jialc \clln\u^li lliinl. .umI llir s,,li,| {H>rli<>ii a ilrc|>
r<'il. I f I 111' lira \\ II M 1 i^ ai|,,\\ ,.ii Im -t^niii :i s| iH |,iiit;cr
t illi<\ II K lir IIiIhI will 111' I Mil I'll, n lilh- t he rinl lia^ L^lnW II
MiialliT. \\ hai caiisi- cluitiim.' riic iiliriii wincji is
r'>rilici| ill llic 111 I. Tlll^ rail lie sIhiWII Ii\ w llilppiliy
'ln' I'l 1 \\ It il a 1 Ml 111 He 111' 1 w lu- w hi ill \v lini w il h<lia\\ ii
li'"iii liii- III I ■>liii\\ sinim\ ihiiMiis liliiiii , w hicli air
thus ri'iiiii\ cil ami rlutiin- |.i f\ ciiicil. 'I'lioc lilnin
llirtMiis llll|il i^iill III Ihril lllcshi--, Ihr III 1 rrll> ciil'-
pllsrlrs ;iii(| iliiiv r, iiiii I hr chil, ci ilisi i jiir iil I \ il the Illirill
isrciiiii\ril nil clulliim lakrs iihnr. ( Inllinu > fnaLliihi-
limi Is hiisiriircj li\ ■ ,1 • I In air w ai nit li. /- i rst. < r )
• ■Kiilaci uiih lurri^ii niMiiri. -/ 1 1 rr arrrss nf air: il is
iflanli'il h\ II cnlil. /. runiaii willi 1 1\ in- I issiirs. iri
iiiiprirrcl aia al inn. fli-. I'.ldinl i> alkaliiii' in iraclitni.
ilial t'liiiii thr a!iiiir-> liriiiu ml 111 rnlnr. Ihal tViiin
llif \fiiis liriii- |iiir|il ish. irlaii\('l\ s|ir;i kini,'. artnial
(li'll liliniij is |iair. \rl|<i|i> , | iil I ] il isl 1 , l.h.nil iiil]ilir('.
Tilt' tllnml crlls ;iir <<( I W 1 1 kJlliU. lri| illsrs ;|n(l whiti'
( iri't'^iilar in shape . I la ilisr shaped mie^ lieiii- present
77,'!'' lihiod mill Ij/nijili.
ill tlic ^^rciitci' iiiiiiiImts. in iilumi the pruixirtioii ol" ."ido
to I. It is iiitcicstiiij,' to note tliat tlic wliitf blood cells
lia\'(' lilt' i)o\vri- of luolioii and thus |iass lliroii^li tlic
walls of hlood \cs>cls. and also t hat it a whitf blood cell
collies in contact with foiei^n jiarticles. siich as j^ernis.
coal dust. etc.. it will tlo\» aionnd and enw lajt the
obiect. and til u> the part icle taken in iiia\ >• ■ ai lied from
one place to another, knowledge of this (act aids ns in
itMsoiii!!^ (Mil the sjiread of a ilisease from one oi'^an or
part of the body to another.
The white blood corpuscles ha.e been termed the
policemen or >c;i\ fni:er> ol' the body, should ^crms ^ain
entrance at aii> point thron^n a wound there is a Hock-
ing' of the white cells to the part and a battle I'oyal
between t li'' ^eriiis and t he white cells lakes jihu'e, many
on both >i(les are slain and are throw n olf from th(^ seat
ol' war I the wound) as pus i matter >: if. however, the
body attacked is in ;;'ood iiealth its while ceil> win. o\ er-
coiiie. kill and cast out the slan^'hteied: if, however, the
f,'erms are in the majoijly. the white cells weak, further
iir'oads aie made by the j^erms. the disease affects one
oruan after another until the animal oi ])erson dies from
the discise. 'i'isMie that has run it- couise. and is worn
out and reipiires remo\ iwj;. since its jilace ha-been taken
by yonnii'er stiiiclnres comes under the inllneiice of these
cells, which orijijinate in the marrow of bone, and is
removed.
Red blood cells are about .,\,., of an inch in diam-
eli'i- and conlaiu in tlieii- snlotaiice the hemaj^lobin or
red ooloriiij;' matter of the blood, mij^ht be consi<lered as
bags of jelly like protoi)lasiii satniated w itli hemaglobin.
rm
•♦s
' h riiiiini I'll III! iih.
'I'll I > ml 1 iilnrili- liKilhT ciillllmio \ civ ic;l(lll\ Willi tllf
(i\.\ m'll lit I iif :iii . 'i'lic |p;ilc|lc--~ (iflcli llntlrcd III Weak
;illllii:iU. wiiclhi-r wc.ik tii'iii l;ick ul l; 1 Intnl. |>nic ;iil',
ol ;i> :i ir-llll "I l'i>^ (.1 li|i",(|. |~. ihii' III ;i (IcIicicllfV ill
lllllillii'l 111 llir icil crlK. iiiiij I lii-l i-tm (• 111' llii- ic(i <(i|iir
ill',; iiialliT, till' riiluiiiiL: iiiallri iiia\ lie il I'^^nl \ cd mil.
tliii> acciiiiiil iiil; Im llic |ir( iiiiai cujni al mii nj' inrat liial
Iia> liciii liii/'ii ami iIkii lliav\r(i. Tiif i! iili'i ciicc in tlif
(•i.lilclil^ ill llir inl liliiiiil ri'lU lifjiUr ami al'lcl' lliltll all'
iiiaili' 11-^1' 111 ill ill)' li II ma II i .ice fi ir I lie lU'l rrl imi i il cri iiir,
■| Ik'X' rrlU i-iiiilaili a liilrlcll> licluic Imlli. alliT tlicy ili>
iiiil. ^11 ilial III ra^f III li, ■ limliiiL: nl a iIimiI (■IiiIiI. il' im
mii'lri arc Iniiml in il-- H'll i'luml cells ii i^ assnmcil tlial
il has li\fi| a ila\ la I\m>. il nuclei arc IhiiihI 1 lie chihl
w as still liiirii.
\\ lute l.liiiiil celis lia\e all a\cia;4e ili.imclcr nt' ,^ nl'
an iiicli.
I l,c aim HI 111 111' 1 ill 11 111 in I lie Imdx \ arics w it !i t lie aiii
inal. It lias liecn cstimateil in llie limse In lie almnl eijiial
In III' the lie(|\ •.Vel^llt. Ill lliail alinllt / .
Iho blood pump hedrt i ■ a Imlluw niiisclc. .niie
sll.llieil. ailil 111 llle liiilse alinllt ."i ', Ills, in weil^lll. it is
Minaleil III ilic cliest ca\il>" lietw.'cn the I i-hl ami I'll
1 lilies. Its ajiex lieiiiu ilnw iiw anls. It is ili\ iilcii intn t wo
w ell ma I keil hal\ es. eai h nl' w h ich is aL;ai ii ili\ ideil inln
an n|i|iei chamiiei nr auricle ami a Inxvcr chamlicr n|-
\ cnl I iclc. cnnsci|iieiit l\ w e sjica k nl I he liuhl sule lit l lie
ileal t a I II I I he 1 lull t am iclc. ur \ enl ride, as the case nia_\
lie. The ill\ Isimi lictweeli the aUl'lclcs aihl Ventricles is
nut as |ieitcct. IicIIil; Hilly li\ \al\cs. as |s the ili\isinu
iielweeii llie li-ht an<l Ici't hcarl. lliese \ai\c.s st'ix c
/'//' lilllllil (lllll /.l/hljlll.
m
aniit lici |iiii |Mi'^i-, lliiii iif |)ic\ ciil iii^ ;i luick \\;iii| ini>\c
iiiriil III' Ihr III I. ill null';' In (III >ii clVn'ii'iil l\ . Iilll(
ikKiiI^kmI slrrli;;lli :n.' ;it I ;i(lif( 1 In llic \
■ l\ ••s illlij
Iliii^ |iif\ciil llic'ii lii-iiiL; |iii'^sfcl Imc1\ mil c>r phiri'. Midi
|ini\ i>iiiii is iii-imIi-i! when mii' lliinlsNnr I lie cimiiiihiiis
|iillii|illli; |.ii\\fi nj llil> (iii;;ili. Ivitli (•ji.iiiilicr iif ||i»>
iK'ait li;i^ .Iain ii|iciiiiiL:> \i> it ami li il. all ;,Mianl('(|
li> \al\c^. Inr cxaiMiili'. in ihc ii-hi \ ml liclc art' two
<i|M'iiiii.i;v. mil' tV.iiii llic ri^iil aiiiicli'. I lie (,'l licf iiilu i hi'
piiiiiiiiiiai y ailiTx. I lie CDiir-f I'T Ilic iijonii tiimii-li the
JH'ai I i^ a^ riijlciw ^:
Slai tinii in the li^iil aniiclt' ii lluw > to i hr n^hi \ cntri
elf. I hfiic.' Ill I he luni;- li\ I lir |iii Inn iiiaiv a: tci \ , w licic it
will III' iciiii'inliiTcd ii\\ t^i'ii ( ) iscxclian^'i'd Inr carl n nil c
iiciil <(> . il i^ 111 •11 rt'l III mil. |iiiiili( il. li\ the |Milniiiii-
.'ir\ \ fill In till' lirai I. llii^ I ii
111' iii'iiiL;' iiiiiiK i| intii till
l<'ll auricle, liiiiii which il pavso lu ihc Id'i \ cnl licIc
I'liil t hciicc li\ iiicaii'> 111' III!' :iiii la III all |iailMif the In id v.
Kiniii the \ariiiii> iiaiK nf ihc ImiK the li
i> iiiiii|i;ht
hack liy small \ciiis which iiiiilc In rnrm lai^cr mics
iiiilil it is aj:aiii ciii|iiicd iiy llic \ ciia ca\a iiiln that part
"I' the heail kiin\\na> the li-lil aiiiicle the |iniiit iViim
wliich the >iarl wa^ made, thii^ the lilnnd ha^ made the
cut ire ( iiciiil. Iiar\ cv was the liist
mail III tl|ninl|;.l||\
umh'isiaiid and docriiic the circiilati il'llie hinnd.
Arteries and veins roiin the channels Im' i he ciiciihi
tiiHi 'il lilnnd. the aiicrio lakiiii; llu- lilnnd tVinii Iht
lieail. the \eiii^ relcliiii.:; it tnwanl> tlie heart. Tl
tiilies 111 chaniicK are made up ni' three cnals. ditrerence^
In which aid us in deierminin^ whethei we are Innkiic
at an aitci\ nr \eiii. The iiiuer cn.ii.t ni an ti!i..i\ is-'..!"
lese
I
s
"i i "
1110
I eh riiKini I'h un )it.s.
Ihk.mI (.frlMlu|lH.|i,,,ii :iii,| M„ .|;|.tlr l|.s|„.. H,,. in|,|,l|,.
'■"■'' '-^ i'i'"l'' 'M' "I niiis.iiln ,11,1 ,.|;,Mir 111,,,..; ii„. ,,||,,.|.
'■"•''• ^'''y -'I.'MU. I- r,„,n,.,| ,,| , |..,.|u,. |,..,|r ;nHl
••'■'"'"• '''"■'■^- " I- l^ll !•■- 'MMl.S I. .11, 11, III, ||„. nil,,.,'
f(Ml>ail.| |v liiui,. ir>iM;iliI In jMi— .III.-. \ i I ,., I... ;,. ;,
ml"' :".■ .IccplN >..;,|,.,| in in, ,>,!,.. I,,:,^,,|,| ,,,|i,,v. roin
'"""'•••"•■ l"''-l.^ ^^I'li "II'' iinnili,., an;,., ,,, .',,„| .,,.,.
illNMiys a.-cn„||,:,,,l..,| l,s ;, X,.,,,, -l-li,, j|,,„.,. .,,„, ,,,1,1,11,.
•■"■"^ "'' ^••ill^ 'III!'': -H,,,.U|,:|| h,,),, 111,,,,. ,,r ;|,I,.|j,.. ii,
llir li^vii... |, IV.,. III. ;ii„j lliii-, I. :i,., ■,,111,1,., I I,, I III,. ,.,,]
' = '1'^'''' ^l'" ■ III" '■ll'l "I' :i \''M, U|„-|, M.,.,, II, „„.;,|, ,|„.
'"'"' "'' 'I'l 'ii'-'i'^ ('■iiiainiim "|H.|,, Manx x,.,|,. |,;,,,,
\:il\.-.. .■s|„.,.|,i||\ III,,.,, ,,,■ ,|„. ],|,,|,^ ^^ 1,^,,^ tia,.,.,| I,,
""'"■ ^'"■'11 1'I.iii''1h-. ail. •,!,■. ail. I Nrm. ai.^ ..•,■,, i,, j,,.
"'"iil'iii"''' ill'" :i M.M-,\,.,k ,,l viiiail 1,1,,,,. I \, ■.-.,.!. ,.ira|.il-
anc-., Ilirir|,,ii. I,, I all piafli.-
,1 |)ii, |i,,.|.> ail.aio iiiav
'"' ^•""' '" "■ll'l •11"! \''!'i- I" Mail ii. III...,. .Mpiilaii..,..
'I'lic |.,ilii,..,iar.\ ail. ay -pi mil:, li ,,iii ih,. n^jn ,, |,,,.„.|,.
■""' ••■'■iiiiii:ii'- II, II,,. li,,i^ l.s 1,1.. ails, ,1 .mall .•a|„llarh.s
which arc sprca.l .,\ ,■<■ ih,. an ceil..
'■''"• 'ii'iiii 'iiiiil^ "f 111'' ail.ai.al m.i,.,,, a.nla Mail.s
''■ "'"■ l-'l' M'l''"l Ih.- h.-aii a,,. I ih,.,i ,|iv„l,.. ,1,1.. an
'""'■'""■■ miI'I'I.miil; Ih,. r,,„ii ,,ri||,. |„„iv. aii.i |H,st,.,j,„..
Mi|.pl.\ii,,- th.. iv,,iam.l.a,,.r Ih.^ l.n,|\. Tli,- li-,a,t aiilc-
'■i"i'' ii"il:i 'liM.l.- mi,. I.ran.-h.-, ,„„. ,,, ,.a,.|, |,,,.,. ||,,,|,_
"""' '^ '■"""! I I'P 111'- ii''l<. "h.a,. II a.uaiii .livhlc^
i"'" I'"' '■i'"li'K. an. I l.y sul „1 1 m.|, „,. >,, , ,p| i,.. al | pans
"I' 111'' li''^i'l •iii'l nc'k. Th.. ailciiVs ni\,.„ ,,|||,, ,|„. |-,,|.,.
'i'"''^ l'i:i''hiaU . .aL;aii, .li\„l,. ai„i a,.- ...nii .,j ..|. ,|„.
'"'""■'■''-■"I'' lal.a as Ih,. la.lials. il u, 1 1 |„. ,i,,;i,.,.,l ,|,a|
""■ ■'■■''■'■H'> ..r Ih.. lin.hs lake ilicii iiain..s i,,,,,, ,h,. i,,.„„.
'Till IHnoil ihiil Ll/lllpll.
101
I lli-\ ;n !• •In-^r |(i. I lie 1 ;ii 1 l;ll> - i \ f nil I lie llicl :1(;|1|i;iIn lit
I he Irl liM-k, w liicli ill\ iilr llitii I n:ili(llf> ;l ml I llll- sii |i| (I y
I he rnlclccl Willi liliKiil.
I lie |iii->lcl inl acil l;l i-- <l I i ret n 1 1 link W illiN ;lll(i ll|(\\;ir(ls
;lllil I llll> .iImIi- lllii|i'nii';il h I ill' li;irklinlic iinl il il Icaclu'S
I 111- hiiii".. w III-: !• II il i\ iilf-- I Ml CI I w 1 1 1 i'iilv>. uiK- III cacli
liiml liiiili. Ili'luir icarlnii^ ihr lipin~~ il lia^ ;ii\fii oil' a
nilllllirl n| 111 .llirlir-> In >ll])|il\ lllc ^Inlliacll, I litest UK'S.
1 1\ IT. iv |ili:i-\ -^ ami I lir l fpl mlllrl i\ r nl'L;;!!!'' I'.acil t I'll Ilk
i> k iiiiv\ II Ms an iliar. llii'^f liriiii; cniii iminl a^ Icmnfals.
ihi-iias lil'iaU ami lali'ra> iiirlalai>ai>, --iiiall In'iiiU'lu'S
Ill-ill'^ - l\ i-ll nil i|llilc rii'i|lli'lll 1\ . 'I'llr hllliT - lllftatiir-
sals; ail' juiiiliai iiia^iiiiHli a> llii'\ air Iniiiid nil the
niitcr siilr^ nl liic liiiiil raiiiinii>. ami ai i- >nmft lines cut,
nil |iln\\ --liaie^. wile ii ■ I ir i iil:'. etc. Il lias Keen statc<l
thai as a l llle altei ie> ale ilee|i si-alcil In lie nllt (if tllf
wa\ ni injurs. The nielataisals al llie Inml letloek
(1: V nil' ii|> ami iVnui lliein I>1 1 is su|i|ilieil In the liiiid
leei in a siiiiilar manner in llial sii|i|i|ieil In tlie tore teet
li\ ill'' enlil inllat iniis I Ha lirli i 1 ii;s nl' ll;,' Im I aearpals.
Ihe Veins. The main ilirrerein-e I'd ween arteries and
\eiii^ aie ill liieir eniisi ruciidn ami wnik. N'eins ar»>
Usually III t w n^. ilei'ii ami sii|n'riicial. the Inrnier uilli an
ai lei\ . Ill Ihe \ fills nl 1 he liinlis ale Inn ml \ aU'es w liieii
j.li'^enl llie pass i^e I'ackwalils nf ihe lilnnil. Il Is ol'tl'll
a ijiiesiinii when lijn.iil i^ eniniiii: iVnin a wmiinl as to
whethei ihal 111 1 is iVniii a xciiinr iVmii an ■irter\\ it"
liniii an ailers ihe lilnml (nines in spiii'ls 1 jerUs). when
llnliia vein. ' llnWs. 'rii, \ el 11 ea II \ i IIl; 1 ilnnd tVnintlie
IniiLis I pnltmniaix \eiii is an e\re|ii inn tntheresl iiias-
imieh :is 11 eiriii'N. iiiniiii'd lijuijil. Mnsi \ eius s(:u'! in
'ill
. m
^■"11
- -^5 1
102
1''^ I i lid, 11 /•;/, II,, „tn
'li;i\\ II III
''"■'■''""""•'• ""••"•"^" -n.l .-I.,..,..),.. ,,,
"■'""""• ^'"■•" "''•"" -' >iu.ii.. IM..I-. ri,.. ,,„.
'■"■;■"/*■" ""•'""-•''• 1-1 lM„:,n,| ,„,,
"""' ""■•■•'i"ll:i:M.^ u..|,. i-,i.li..,l.,|,.. ..,„..,,.,„., ,1,:
"'''"'^"" '" "'^" ""■> I--1- Miiii,,,. niinl ;. I;,,:... ..,,.
"■''"■■'^^' '^ '"'""•''■ "Iml, Mil, „,...,„, ,|.?,„.,.|,
'" ;'"■ '"•"'■ ■''"■ '"^'"- -ni I.I III.. ,„i,.,u ..,■,,„.
•■■III i<- ami lii.i >!•>.
fho lvmph.Mi, Svsu..„. TliKMs,..,,, n„i>iM. ,„ . ....
"'^^""' '-^l-"^.ll.''l.ll-i ,..,1 1,.,|.,,„_,„,
^•"""■'i I'-Ul.nnl.nu in, „.„.,., :„.Ml,a,,l,.... I...,,,.
";" ;•'•"■';;• "•" " "'■ '—i. n. i.-m. .in.i,.
^.';"'^- ""■ ^•^^"■"' '■"^'" I- -■.n,u,-,..i ,., . I,,,.. .„■
'■•"';"'^ "'"'""• '--H„.M„,,,„„,,,_, ,,„.„„,,,
";"7^''" -''■""-■-iiU,, , ,„„„.:.i,„nal
i 7 ";•;'"',•■■ ^••'"■' """•'-'^--„i..n.„,..,.M,„.
'- '"^''- HI ll.^' i..M>.. I, li... ,„...,.,...... h,.,.„
'■"'""'^ ■• -'I-M ,M„,.,.,„|„i,,,„. ,
■"'•''■ ■' ^''iv Miiall kidiH.v ill
r'V"":; ' ''—-I, .11, i,.ii..,..,, ..,„„;,..
'"'•'"^-l'l.:wi..|i,„i,.. Til,.. ,._K, „,,,„,„. ,,^,.,,^
"";" '''■ '^ '" ""■ N'— l--.'M 111,. ...IK, „ ,,,..
""•, '■^'"■'•""^ ""'^" '" ""• — ii,..,nlMa,M.s
;""''''"''■ —'-"■'•'• In, all ,,:.,,.,„■ ,„.. .„,.„,
;'•""''">■;"" 1"^— -^^••Ki„„ii 111,., I,,,,.,.,.. ,,,„,,.
'■"''!"■;,""" ""•-—- T,.,. h„„.l,,,,.. |..s,n.
"""^*""> ^'"'■'"■'' ' -Vl.M.aM.>.>.H.|,:..n.l...rn>l..si.
etc.
"'•'!l 'III' IIIIHT. |||,.\ I, ..,.,,
( II \i'ii:i: \i!i
llir; Ni:«V()l'S 5YSrEM.
! *• 'I
1'mI I nil ilil\ I'll llh' -liiilv lii;lli :\\\i\ lln' \ i-l ci I li:i I i;i II
III ill ^l(irU i|i. Ii'il >llllrl ll mil •• lii-l \ I--
mil ;in;i('
•iIIIIIIil: :i! I lin mi \ cii lilil llllii>. ;lll llnll;^ li I llf < li ilili •>! i
1 1 I'll ;iiiiiii.il> ,111- \ II \ iM'-ilv ll i-liliMicil ;iiiil ifi lain ;iiii
lii;ll'- ail- ■-' iliii
■ I iiiii--. in il.ililc. ll 1^ a> a i iilr in I In- lal Ifi'
«MM- »'N
|irilall\, liiiiililinl 111 run. I li\ plflils "I wm
'I'll!' iii:iaii^ ^iiIiil: I" iiiaki- up llii> ^\>-l«-iii aii<l linn rune
tmii^. iln-ii-l , \\\\\ i>\\\\ irifisc a Iniil rnii-iclri al n ni.
Iho br.iiii, soiiiHl lord ami lh»> nerv«' tibres inik« ii|i ilit-
nervous svstcm, u liirli lia^lln- lanilu nl ircfuiiiu and
lllli'l |il rl illi: I nijil i-ssliilj^. iniilr
<\ lc-«> nmlii I III' mill 1 1(1
,| ilii' aiinnal: il aKn lia- llir i f- n lal iiiu "I tin' \ital
I n licl n m~. >.llrll a-^ lUill, m ri i ' "H
> i'lll . hull I I
mill • nil II
l.s. ll
/,, ,(/ /" V III i^
II . ill-., which
ai (• ,.' il ii'iiliT I III' ill I ci-l Clin
Imldi I hr aiiun.il. Iiimclfi I n i miilfr I In' •>! mix nl iIm'
Ii\ nir ll mill a tor bro-spiocil
iifi' nii> -\ -Inn ca-iri w <■ i
ami ll SMii|)dlheti( svstems. Tlic tii-i ili\ i-mii (ji;,
w Inch i-- made iip 'il tin- Inain. ciiin|iii>cd nl iniir paits,
Ihi- -iiiiial ciiid. Iiic iicivc- I n i::i iial I ni: linin lln- Inaiii.
lln- chain i.i iLii nal i mu Ihhii iIic -junal en
Th
IICIV CS 11
I III.. Ill -1 ili\!-iiin lia\cliccn termed iiei\e- uf
animal lile a- di
.liimin-hed rinlll ihnx- nt I
le M'CiilU
dl\l-|ii|| il . lelined nel V e> nf nl ,;a
me llle
Nel \ e I i->n(
l> made II |i 'll' while and Ule\ ma Iter. Nel \ e> eiilisi>>t nl
liinid.li'- 'i! lini' hliie- eiielu-eil in a >liealh: ahili;^ 'he
K'l
•'"lll-M' III
V.h
rninr,, 1:1, i,„.,,i^
'II
l>lll(. II,. I
"' "'•'\'<ii,K I:, I,,., I,
an- ml;,,
^••'nriil> I. 11, 1,., I
Jo II
K'lr
""lilt \ . (•
iniK
'■ I'll III III
, :is I,
•'im;Ii:i.
'I'^'T ImiII
'»• :i<c.ii(|
IIIL
""■^ III' iiiIm.iii.s. \
'I'- '" inns, I,.., ;,. I,,,,,,
•■"I'V ilv ,.,||
M<- l.-|,^|)|, I,
■'' null ill,,,, ,1,,.,
'l''l \<> lililr ,,.|,
•I IK'I \ (• 1^ ,.,,,
Ml
KM; ll
"■ I'"' .IUii\ I
'" '"^^ 'III' fii.Kd,
'""I II ■> MlllH'l
r.iin. II
UN II
I'' l;ir:
!<■ <-cr>h
'rilr I;
iiiiii: Ihi-
• '■ |'"i limi 1,1 ll
KIlllllN I, I
{'"llloii 1^ ll
"■ I'laiii iv I,
N Mow I,
III
"■•i^'iii ami
"' "'■•!' "I II, I,. II
• •(•I.
•' <'''lcl)| 111,1 I j,
"•■illi' .lie lo|,||,.,„| I
111
lH.'l\
|..lll 1.1 III,, I
K'lll ll.
""•"""> ^'>.. ,|,.,H,.,|
"■"" '^ local, ., I |||„|
'• pails (ll
'• lia^r 111 I
II' lll;|||
ilaiil;i| I
(•I -
I "I )\r||,;,,,.
^"I'l'ly s,.,|s;|||,„, ,,, ,1
'■' I fhrll
lllllsclll;
l'l\.s. s,
H (Ml
'"" 1-^ an
•■.\i\ hillL
'"i^aii « III, ,
""■ "I "liicli M,, I,
•'<■• Til
III'. Ill
"' lll"\ I'lllcil, |||.|,
II' |)(1U,'| , il-
ls ll
iiiliiiat
iiiir
I'lilar |i;,ii.
II
'•■ I iulil I
'""''•^ ""'111 II, ||„. ,,^|
'> • ll I "Ml |,,|^
'•■ IIIIIS-
llllc. f
Wl
'I' i\[U
"■'I \»alkiii^ |,\ ,1
'■" "uliiialiiiii.
ii|'l>'. II,
" 'lill-rllllll ;,,|,|
I' I rn^s||,M ,,|- ,1
"■ """Mi:, I,., I ,,,.,.,,.„ ^,^
II' liliih
'"^ lack nC
111.' /
I'lis cuiii,,.,!^ Ill
Millie or ii„. Ill,
•"■ij^iiialr 1„.|,.. I
•' \ aiiiiiis ,,||
.-"lll,U lo II,;, I
lie )/,,/„//„ „/,/,
"■' I'JIIIsol ll,,, I
•lam.
vC llj, II
:i> a |ir,i|,
"iii/iilii
l>:Uli\\a\ III
ll.~alin|| ,,f ll
<»ii;^iii I.
IICI \ ol|> j
' Nol,,,, ,,(■ ,1
-IHiial
■ ciaiiiiil ;M'r\,'.v
'"■■'.^ ''I' C(l||si,|,
"'l'"'-^''- 'oaiHl III,,,, II
'•"III. ji I,,,,,
IN a
center 01 1
ic ciani;il
le I'laii
I. .'M\(
Ilei \ ,
tile I
tract 1
"■■""IM.IIIeis I,, ,,|,j,,,, ,,
"ill;; llle>.s;|-,.s ;,,,,]
""' ciiiiijiiiis (ll
lean. 1
le II, TV,
'•''liters CM, In, I]
voinitin-. Iu,';,t|
"1.^' iiiasi
"" ■""' I'ail III- ||„. ,1
'■'•'■'•ive III, I, -IS, 11,11^ ,1
;o\eiiiiii"'
';,'estj\,.
ICIIliil,. .,^,,11
iinj,;, i'onn;),i,
le net \ ,.
ly, M'crelini; sal
i\;i. and i||,.
Till' \irrinis Si/slriii.
105
ili;il.cli,- mil. -IS ;iir local, ..I n, ih,^ ,||\ i^j,,,, ,,|- ,|„. |„.,|„
lii|Mi> h. 111,. MMMiiilla -,M„Mall\ i.-iilK III iii>iaiilan,MHi^
iliMlli, l.iraliilli;;- li,'in;,r al mm,-,' >I<.|(|i,.||,
Fhe sp'ndl ford i> I(mmI,-,I n, H... .|,|iial ,aiial. a JK-linw,
Iwmy «Mv ii\ niiiiiiiii; llirun- j, | h. \.ii,l.i.i. 1 1, i^ , ana! is
of tar-i,-al,T m/,- ihan ||,.. ,.,,i,|. ijni-, allnxMi,o i , r,,|-
.•Vll-.-IIM- III,.\.MII,||1>. Sll, h .,. I,,., Ml I,.; III,. I,,.;,, I ;,, ,.1111(1 I..
""■ ^'''•■- "i"' -I'liiai ,-,,i.| mi' 1,1 l„. ,-.,i,M,l,.r,.,| a- an
""""•""'• >'l«';:i.i!'li <:ililr. ma,!,' up ,,1 a niiiiilK'i -.l' small
•■.il'l'"^ HI vMi,.,, ,.a,.|i ,aii\iii- IK ,.\Mi incvsa-,.. S,.iiif
"'"'"■ '''"''^ lia.K , •!■,,» al III.' ii|.|Mi |,ail ,,| lii,- ,-,,i,\.
■""' '"'■ ''"^ Kas.iii an in|iii\ ,,ii si,|,- ,,| |||,- l.iaiii
"'" ^'"'" |>Mial\Ms ,,11 III,. ,,|,|„,sii,. .i,|,. ,,r 111,. h.MJy.
'""' '■""' '^ ''l-^" "I' iiil«'i,M l.,.,aii>,. II ,,.iilaiiis 111,. r..i
I'.wiii- ii.T\,. ,.,.|||,.,„: III,, ,,,/u .vy,;„„/. in ii„. ,,.oi,,„ ,,|-,|„.
I"iii>. ,Miiir,,U il„. pa-vi-,. ,,t r..,.,.s,: n,,. r, sir,, .s,,;„«l. in
""■ "•"""' l"<.tlil.\. ,u..\.Tiis III,' |.a-au,. ,,r iiiJiM- 111,.
(•.■III. 'is -,.\,.,iiiii^ III,. M'Mial ,.i-aiis ai,. al>.. iocat.-d in
""■ "oi"!! "I III,. l.nn>: (ciii,.! > ,.,,nii,,|j|im n,,. i,| j ^,.^, .
sfis . \aM. iii,it,.i ,.,.n|,.is and null 111,, II ,,r | i^^n,.s li.,|,|ii,.
<ciil,.|s: arc IoiiihI I In .m- Ih.iiI th,. ,.,,|,|. An iinl,,i|i|.
ii;ili' res. ill ,.{■ ii,.i\in- Ii-mms v,,iii,l iiiic> is s,.,.|i in tlic
sl..ii-liin-,.| lli,.,.|,iii,. i;„„: ^|„.i, j|liiM,at,.> Ihc c,.ntr.,l
"'■ ""' iniliiln.n ,,|- a pail l..\ n,.is,.s as \\,-\\ as lli.. pn.p
•■il\ (.rscnsali,.ii -i\,.n l,y llii'in 1,. a jiail. I njiii y to I lie
up|...r pail ..r 111,, spine s||,,ws ni paial.\sis ,,r n,,. |, ,„,.,•
I''"' "' "•"■ '""l.\'- :iii.l III.. c,.ii»iiiiial i.assa-,. -.f iirin,. ami
Icfcx ..ifls,. c,,mpl,.|,. sL.pj.a-,. ..r ib-M- tun, -li,, lis. In
a.l.lili..ii I,. III,. al..,\c liiiicli.ms. ih,. spinal end niv,.s,,ir
pairs. ,f spina! m.r\,.s. al such p,,inis it is ,.nlar},rc(i c.r
rcsjionilin!' t.i ili,. iiiimlx.,' i, :>
.IV .. I. ;..i. 1 .
l(ii;
V'l' rhiiti II }■;/, ,iH Ills.
'■""'"• ""•' '""'"' III.- I,,U,.| il ,1,,., .,,
'li'-.\ llllilf ail. I l:i(,.|-
li--iri\ (• iij(j„.|- ,_
"" ■"'■ '■ ''IIH'(I ;,> :| mix, ..I I,,., v..
";'^""""'"-""-" "iM'M m.,..> ,.,,„.. .,,.,:,[ ..,..;.n.l
^'^';'' ""■'""""" ""■"'''■^^""" nM-K.„-,|,..,nn,k
""' '""''^^ '"'"- ^"- '"--^ -n. .. ,.„„ ,lH. ,„|,..,
"'";"•'' "■'"" '^"^" 1''—'- in -li-.nn,,H an,| ..n,„i
Ill tlll-ll (•(llll>C.
B. The s>mp.,ih<.,i, svstem ,. ,,„n,.| ,„i,l.., n..;,ll, ,1,..
;;""" '•"'""'" -'—inn,, .nl, .■nh,,,..,,,.,,,. ,|„„ .
""•" '■""•^'■•^'^''- - ^'^-'l: ll..■^ ;n.. 11,.. U,,.,. ,,^
"■'■"■:"l''''^""'"-'"^--"-UMi,„„..u..„a.,li..l,„...
;"■';'""'■ """^""■" ''' " ^'•'-•■"■- ^"-HMHin,:
"'" '■""" ^""' ^l'"-i - I — Ml,.... ,„..,„!,,„,... ,,,„,
'"^'"■'■""■"■'"' -1|-M'M„.| .l.-iu..,.„M,..„, a,l,n,Ms
'""'"'•""•I '■""- -'M-.-H M„.|, ..„.„,...
""'"' "^""^""'■'""—'I„.l„a„,an,l..„n| „.,„„,„„.
'■"7"""""' '""">■ •'■'"■ l.r.r-1. .i,a,.. .,...,„,, I.. l„a,u
;''"' 7""^'' '•'"'-"- ",, I, „..,...,„ a„„i,aKa,...„nliM,„.
"•"'"•'■ ""'^ -"''.^ '" ^.■^.■al..,„ n„..ll„..„....: ,|,us
7''"""' ""■^"■'^'"'"""•'"-iiMl,.. |„|„.., ,|,...pi,,,|
'■'"'''• '•'^- " " '"■I"^"n-i.l...i,u ,.„,„.,.-.., 1,..,„„,,|
;""■""' 1'^'" ■-..■.•^: „Mh..i„„... ,|,..|„.a„iu..,..hs
;""'^""' -- 'I- . ■.„.,, „.,.„„, „,..„„, „„„:;.^.
I''" f""l'""""- •-1H..1I...IS ,.,.,,„ ;::;,„, a„,i ■..•.,.., '
"'""■'""""" ^""1„. ..,.,.,,.,„„ a,,. M.,,a,a,...|l,^ W.-'
'77'""^ -I.., , ,„.. ,1,.,.,,.., ,„. „,., ,„^,,..,. „,..
'""■"f ""■•■• '■^'■"-" "^-- -'-- M,.. n„..ll,„.„..„ .„■
'"'""^''^ '" ""• '■-"-'"^ •!-■.• x-al..: Man ,|
•■'"•''''^ '"- '"■'-■ •'^- Tin. ,.,.,.„„....,.. , ai„M:7
Till Xrrrdiis Si/sitfin.
107
tliiT<"fi)r»' iiKiy Im' coiisidfiTil ;is siiii|,|,. when (•(unbared
Willi that (if luaii. ct.iiMMiiifnt ly llif Uiiusvii li>t df iutvous
tiniililr-, ill faiiM vtiick In cuiii [ la I at i \ fl ;. small. Ii'oariii"-
ill Imtm's is |.ml»ahl> the nnisi ii.(|ii.'iil I y ul.sfiv ed in tlic
lisi. latlrily striii-lialt. milk (.•\.t. l.^lainis iia\ i- l.ct'ii
ii-imi\ci| I'lnm ilif lisi ,,|' |,iiiv iifiv.iiis (liscascs.
THE SPiXIAL SENSES.
1 llf ol-aiis i>i' the s|if(ial senses are the e\e. eaiv Iliise.
ami tiiii-iic: Iheie leiiiaiiis |nr (leseiipt imi, uliieji must
iiecessaiilv lie In iet'. the two former.
The eye is the oi-Han of \ isi.m. and nwinj; to flie ease
witll which it ma\ lie <les||,.yed oi aireeled. heeoliH'sat
once an ol.icci of im|(ctitaiice to the stockman. es|ieeiall\
so when eiitia-ed in th.' laisiuM and maiketiii- of Imi-ses.
it is l.icitected \>\ the e\elids. e\elaslies, and tile haw
' iiu-ndnaiia nielitaiis o|- winkiiiL; e\cljd and the tear
a|)|iaialiis. 'The eye ma\ li-- coinpaied to a liall lia\ in;^
a watch j^lass . col ilea ' (iltid in at the jiont. its work
hciii- similar to that ol the lens (,f a canier.a.
I'll' hull eye ■ eoiisisls of three lasers, outer ^ sclt'l'
"''i"' ■III"! <-oinea , miildle .choroid and iris-, inner ^ rc-
liiia . enclii>ed in these lasers are sniisiances termed
humors, which have \aiioiis Innclioiis. 'I'he liiiid in the
ll"ll' P'lll "f thecNe is leriiied t he (/,//// ,/,/.s /(/////»)/■ and is
''"' 'li'' piir|.oM. ,,f ^j\ in- shapi' to tjiat part of the eye.
11 IS quite walei \ and is l.ini- coiisiant 1\ se( leted dm inj;'
l!te: as a result ol o|ieratioiis >,,n f n ma\ lie drained
awa\. I. Ill is replaced li\ iiioie ihiid later on; I.ehind lliis
tluid Is the rn/sliil/ni, 1. us made up .f la>ers resemliljnj;-
•'" "li"'ll- lil'-c\c Is |,Mnv-,ed l,\ lno\eiiienls,,f the lens.
I . It
Vif, rilKlVjl i:/rlil> Ills.
''''" '''"""'' "■-'."■Ilv 1,1.. n.as., ill. „,,„,.. l.ulK .„■
""■"^'■•^"""^'"'-"•'"-■1^ ">■-!„. l..ns ....,l...,r.,v,..l
".""^'■'■'•'■'"■"•'"'•'•'l- ■'■'>'• inn.., ..„.,. r,>nu,. i. ,l,..ilis-
"■"""'"■""■""■"1"'— ••■'--- rM,i„^„Ml i...nn-
-'■'l"""tl.vllH. „,„., ,,n,M„,:n,l >l ,„H „,,.,„ ,)„.,, ,,
'//" <'h<ili,iil roill liii,.^
c i"// '-.W ""■ •^'■'•■iiilic. at i(> |,.,,iii
I"'iln,i, j.. allaclird a
'"'i^'-nl'" r!i,iai,i, I 1h'
X '' 1^- .'"ra'.'d i,: ri,,,it ,,|'
' 'i '• '■! -lalliii.. 1 ,.|i.s.
'Iii-^ fU,taiii ii-is, is
I"''i'-«|| in il.> (■.•iilci hy
'"' "i"'nin.L:. u hicji xaiics
^ ^''''"'■'" '" \ "■■'-'•- iM. i'l >Im|"' in II, (. .Iiil,.i.<.|it
nH.i-'.L"'rh'"'',^ i'.','inV'' ,!■,:''■"■ ^'"""•''"^ ■""! i> l^nowM
.n-:..: ,r'^:;:::,::::"::;„: --'■'.--""•i-mi. ti„.„,..„_
. ., , , , '".^ 1- <lilal...| Ml- ,.,„i
'"" ' '"•" lll'iv>. a(T,,,(ll,|- In 111,.
iri,nv,s,,r 111,. ,.^,. ;,,,,
:"''"""'"^'-'"- •'■'"■'■■'''- "Ml-, ^.■.,.,l„..,., 11... in. ■
"' ';"'^' '""-"-•"•:nh„u,..i. ^..ll„ul„„,i„ ,„„„,:
;''''•■, 7 ^'■':^- "''•■'' ''■'•'^''•'■'- -•'■!'- .!:.■ In,,... ,..ai,M,>
;'"'^" '""'■'"-'^ -"•>■'-'-'. 'i.-:n.....'..'M„.... an.
"':;,'■'"'""" '"^'^'•"'•>- — .l,„a!,>,„lMas>, „■!„,„
'' '"•'—"^- -/'-'-<-/.,. i:„„, ,ii,.:„;
;'";'■••"'■" '■^""'^'"•"■''"-" '"'I,.. ...1,.. ,„■,„..,. v..
"'• " '^"l'^"in.-;al „.„„„. Im-.i ,„„,. ,„..,,„.,| ,1„. ,.;.,.
"•-'^^^'"•''^'^-•-lH.,.a„.,,a,.-,,a,..,., ,„..„,l,,,„..„,a.l,.
■"""""" "I' li.-li' 'I,.. s..MMll\.. M,„,
"I' "I l:m.,s,,r,.,.lU; i...|u,.,.„ th..>.. la>..,. ;,s
;i I. .--nit
Th< .V
crruiis Si/.strm.
Id!)
iiill;MiiMi;it lull niMlrrial iiniy lie ili'|)(ivit«'il. siicli is oIUmi
ll .Ullt I'.V I Jilr i'^lluiailt 111' ihc (■nlisllllctiiill III' tjic
(I'liifa lo lie a Ncinii; it i- iiii|iniianl Ic. i ciiiciiiluT tliat
llii> i> :ii)l ihc ca-c ami llial I Iki i I'liic tlic ii>>" df >troiii;-
initants --iicli a> puw (icit-ii alum m pow (icicil ;:la» is mil
tHil\ (iiicl hut \\i..iiuaml i!c\ i-r liciH'lic-ial. 'I'lic f\<'li(ls
a If Iw n iiiu\ aiilc (Tilaiii^ iia\ inu in 1 heir tier cd^cs liairs
•Ni'la^iics ami '^laml-.. 'i'lir f\i
a^lic-~ arc In |iic\('iit
s sciTft lull
liif I'lil raiicf (if |iailiclc> nl iliil. Ilic -land'
ii'laiii^ llir I. Mis. Ill sick aiiimaK itic >ccrcl ion ul' t licsc
uiamis i- -^ffw a' llic inner rdimr n\' tJic cyo as a slici<y
iiialiiT.
[he hei», iir mcmlMaiia iiictilaiis is placed al tiic iiiiici
• •'Miicr iifliic c\c. ii Is xiiiicwlial L:ris||\ in its natiiit'
and lias tiic nnpnitaiit liiiictinn nt' fcimivinn diil rnuu
tlic eye. Its dc\ cjiipiiiciit depends (in tiic use of iiliiei'
inelnliels 111' tiie IkkIn td reiiKAc (lilt. etc.. r. //. . in cat
I !<■ It Is (III
lie I;
iriic wheicas III man and iii(inke\s it i>
\ ei\ sjiiall. 1 he latter iiciii^ alile t(i reliKiv e tdfeiiili mailer
i'> llieir hands; its luncliniis hcini:- Kiicwii. ikuic hut \<x-
imrant peis,i||s will rem ,\(. n unless diseased. in luck
iau .tetanus ii may lie seen to lie rapidlx |iasse(l o\t'r
t lie e\ e. It t he head is | .li-
ed ol the
animal excited, in
sucll cases it aids ill the del eel loll of t ll is seliolls Ifollhlc.
Iho tocir iiicuhinerv eo.isists oi , l . a .uland which si--
cretes the teal s. situated al the 'npiier part of the eve.
(-_) a litlle round reddish ludwn Imdy in the iiiiier cor-
tier (it Ihe eye. w liich directs the teals to . .'{ ■ the ducl.S,
liici
Teats i
1 cair\ 1
i( )st ■ 1 (a i s I
1 I he liasal ca\ it \
'I- V. ).
II animals are for 1 in- inii
purpose ol liioistellili;;' lil(»
'■>•■ l>all and to wasji off small particle- of dirl, it
IS
im
I 'li rill, I, II l-'Jcim Ills,
;;;;;';''• '''■'''■'•''^^'''■^''--■•''-^•■--n,. „.„„„
" ;^ '-■ "■"" '- " ^'Pi.ii.-.i n, ,!,. .,.,„,..„
"'""" '■•■ ^^'"' '" •--' ' — 'i^ n, II,.. an.nul. Tl„.
. . ' " " " •'" •! «"nliiii,:,ii,,|, ,,f III,.
^'^'"•■'""""-""■'•V'lM..„Hl,.v..|,all. ,, ,. v..,v ^.,...„Ia,.
7'""'""^ ^' '-^- ■'■ "I ,i,„. M , ,_,. „.,:
'■'"^■''■'"'''■"'"''''■''^'■''' '''■'-''•■''■-•-I .•.i,..as..
'"'''"77 /^".-^.^A,W,//. ,v ,,„, ,. ,,,,^
Miiall .■\
,\ '•> III li.iiv,.^ a,
• ■ , If, I
Milcifil a
■■|>i- (.\,-^-- am! arc cu
'-II "I nil. -lid! I,r,.,.,||
, , '-''III,-- llnis... sli.nviu'.-
7':'7\ '''■''''''■■''■ ---'•'---..-...i ...,..,..:,:
^^■"""■'■^"^•■"•■'-'"-■l-lll'l 'I,.. ,...„,. si.,,.,. ,„,,.
;' 77"''";' "'"'■■ ""'"'""■"• ■'■i--> ^ 11...
7 7"" """"■' ^'^'"-""' --i,..a....
■'7 "V"'^'"^ ^'^ -'"-'■ l:i !.l..:,s.,„. ,.„a.o„.
:l''l<' 'l|s|„,si||,,||.
Ihc p.irs or ofq.ms of hori
iially. III,. ,,,||,,
I' |"'l I HMI. .-..ii-^jst I
nnqaiv lalli.M- .-naipL.^ mt,.,..
111^ "I '■ailiia-.. -lislltM
7""'7 ^'-'■'"•■'i^:.il.li:,Ms ,„•„„„,, „„.„,.,,.,
'"7"'""'"'- ■'■''•■ — '.:il-i' .Ml' .s .i..s„....|,, ,,i,„.
7';"'""' ' i'"-i'ii.„.i .,„„,„ ,,,, „, ,,.„.^^.;
;;:7'7'7'-":"'""^"-'vs„ .„..., ..■,iia...i,i,.u.
-'-"i^.lin „„..,.„.... •,,,....„_, ll,..|,a „.„.
'7 "7'-"-' >— ..I p:n...n,, an ..,.,..„!:;:
; '":"""""^- "'— "n..,i,„ „ ,,„„„ ,,^,^, .,^
UlOVIII^r. I.sll,... ,,.|,.^ I
riti .\i mills Sii\l, III
111
/'/-' I ill mill nir i> urKl ly ;i iid cniitaiiis Ncliincniis nhiiids.
I lie -^ccifl lull nl w hirli i: i\ Cs I 1
K' ri.lcir tut III- iiisidc oi" i1m>
(■:ir. Iili-lit \cll()\\ lifili- d(-ili-i| li\ llir d;iil\ IIMII. Il
llic cxlcfiial i;ir i-. III.- .•Ill niiMf i.i llit- iniildl.- .-ai' <-nii
lainiiiLi I ii.- car iji iim ami ■>iiiall
till- II. -I \.' Ill' hcai iiil; l.n'al.-.l iii 1 1
liiiiii-^. iiilciiial >lill i>
n- iiiiif-r i-ar.
lion
s.iiiicl iiii.v ii.-ciiiic deal -A lien -IimI ii\(-r dining liiiiitiii;,'
(■\|i.-dil i..ii^. 1 III- di-ariii-» III ^.11 III- ra>r> Im-iiil: tfiii|pnrai \ .
Ill III lii-i^ jii-iiiiaiii-iil.
The Skin, Al
"11- " it li till- ~k ill >iirli --I ! iirtlllr> as liair.
In. Ill and ^land> >..l.arr..ii-^ and ^wrai an- Iniiiid. tiic
ulainU lia\ i- alicadv I..-, .i .|.---ri il.i-d.
'riif -k III r..\ i-i > t In- Ih..|\ and 1
i\ >.. iIiiiiil;' aids in vt"^
II 1^1 1 in;: III. .■iii|>i-ratnii' ..I' i hat 1.. .d\ . il al>.. • i> tl
nl l..iicli.
I'.\aiiiiiiaf i'.n "f tl
ir iii'^an
lis i-..\ i-i 111- ^h.iws II III ri.iisist of tl
ivi'i^- "'!'■ "II '"<■ ^in iari-. Ill
'■ tjiiilri nils, riiiitaiiiiii'
ni-i\rs and iii-im-iit -lannlr^. llii- lalli-i i:i\i-s colin- ti
llii- sK in, and lin- diTinis. w lurh cini
nii^ iii-r\t-s and
Mni.d \ i-vM-ls; hki- all ..lla-r li>sii.-v. ijn-^,- iii\ isii.nsur tiic
dxiii an- inadi- ii|i iilri-lis. anaii-i-d in la\i-is, i
.Ills i.r w hirh an- l.rin^ uradnail> clian-i-d I
~idi- cniriil il.ll-^ and an- i'\i-iiinall\ sjn-d.
II' ii|i|i«'r
i> IlirrI nut
\i
iiil; sl.irkiiiin I In- rnndil imi ..T i In- sk i
n IS ruiisid
rri'd an indiraimn 11..1 ..nlv ..T In-alt li. I.iii i.i' In.i-din:
;ind al.ilii \ l.. use 1 h,- |,„ii| 1
Ul'llisllrij 111 Iiil- iirsl
ail\ an
^"■- ill iii.isi-> ilii. -1,,^^\ ,.,,;ii w iili Iim- liair i> sii iiiiicli
dfsin ij. Ill lii-i-i' rail li- 1 In- i\
li.u inu' fssriii ial- an- called
T. i.rii-ii iiii'lial
ndiT lin- siii-i-iai inin iuniillini
iirli ail- a ^i.t'l. sil!
I'k \ f..al 111 ilihk, liiii \ liair in uiiitrr),
a jiliai.l.' skill ..I ;:i...d lliirkm-s-^. wnha iin-lli.w nisliimi
»--|
¥n
Ill'
\'' li riiiiiri/ l\h nil nts.
'""''■'"••^"''- '" ""• <lail,V .-nw ll,;,t s;,„H. ,,|i;,hility of
til" slxill. xvlnrli .,lll>l l,r snlii,.wli;il lliiti.ici' lliaii i,, l|,e
'"■'■'' ">!"■■ i- -I.Mivd. In s1m...|, III,. ,.u|ur allnids 11,,.
'"'"' '"•''•■■" • ■' I'll'l^ ro|,„lM.ill- I, Ml. 'I, ;i,.,,n.V...l ,,n,y
•>llt'pllCHis.
Hair -r,,«. iVmn ||„. l,;,,,' fnllirlrs. ^^\^u■h air a Cldiii';
'" "'' ""■ '•I'^i'i'iiis ,., ,■,,„„ ,1,,.,, „^,,,,,„^^. ,i,.,„,.^^i„„^"
tlM-s- ,i,.|„-,..Mun.s ai.. u,.|| Mi|,,,l„.,| will, 1,1,1, i„„.„|, a„(l
■"■•■'"""' "'"' •■"•ll- li"i'i win.h an. .I..vcln|„.,| l,ai,s.
llMiis air i-lacrd ,,l,li.|i„.]N m,i I he s|anl ,. ail. I l.y i„..aiis
"l':l lilll" IllUM-lr |,lar,.(i ,;,,.,. In til,.,,. |,,uls, arc l.|n,|-l,t
'"'" ""■ "Pn-lit i.usiii,,,,. ||„. ,.rr,.,.,s nf uhici, arc Zv\x
il' iH-arsaiMJ ,ln;:s w|„.„ ,.v,.il...|. nth,-,- .■,M,.iiliu„s. SIH'l,
as ill l„,,lii|, ..,,1,1, ,.|,... h:,v,. ilirsaiiH. ,.H,..|. Kacli l,ai,.
i.s ."i,lar-.Ml al III,, rial., miI cud. and is Lidj^rd in a liaii'
'■"'I''-!''- Ill- wliiskcrs .;■ ral lia,r>s,.c,in,i il„. lips uf
iM.rscsaiMl cats arc l„,ui>la.d u,tl, ,a,,vcs which ivadcr
these hairs v,.iy >ciisiti\,.. The I.ri,, l„„sc hai,- icfcrs
'"""■ ■'■'ii"l' 111" liianc. !,.,•.•].. ck. lail and Icih.cks. ai,<l
iri. sonic hrcils, n,,lai.l\ Sl,i,cs. L the sir,.,,,- ...arse hair
=" '!"■ 1^11. •,. ami In.ck. In ihc pi- the ler,,, •• h.istlos •'
''•'""''■• I'^iii: in -iice,.. whci.. it is x,.ry ijnc. hai- and
wavy, ii i> kiH.un as w,,,,!; i,, u,,. ,|iii!c and ass. the
("rch.ck ,111.1 nian..ar.M.iili,.rlackiii-.M,-ls,.,,iil\ paitially
''•■'■'■'" '• ""■ ''''i'' '"■ "i"' tail in these aiiin,al> hein-
''"""'■'' iii'iaanliiy: in catll... the .lc\ cl.,|,ni..,it ..fhaira'l
""■ '"'"I "I th.. tail is kimwn a. ••|1,.. switch. •• The
fvc,,/,./„o,, n!-,„vvs. hel.l hy s,.,lic t..l„.an ill.licati. fu
•■'>Ws inilkiiiu .|naliti,.s, i. f.,nne,l l.y the t wo- wa v-.liic-
''"" "'"I"' ''^"' "" the l.a.'k pail olthethic^dis: tV,„„ the
lulder, the hair bein- .lircctc.l upwards. .,|| theeiUside
77/ < A
rrniiis i.stnii.
113
nl lli<- tlii;,'lis ii t;i'K,.s till' <.|ii.(isil.' directions: tl
>ilr il
-W 11
iit'ctidiis (it' tlic II
III' (I
11
H' colur u| the
liit'iit jMTJi.ds oi liicir ii\c>. ,..
It aj^fs j,ri-,,\\> wliitci-: tlit- cujui-
!«' OppO-
II tilt' liiicks ot" ]^if,^s const it lite
liiiii varies in aiiimais at dif-
■>. c. ;;.. IJH' iron I'lav iioisc as
IS a
Is., a lit
d 1
i\ wo
•Id
iiids,
scars often
low MIL
wliit
e or iir:\\ hairs; the I'oal is
j,'eiierail> an cntiieh dilVereiil
color t:) what it
IS at nia-
turit V.
The hdir is a \aliial.lc aid to delciminc I
IC (
an animal;
liiality
coarse
Iniir
iiiejiii"- ;i CI
tlie I
larse sKiii; wiu iness ni
mil of the tail. ;i
Ion- i
"i^in of w;iiil of hreedin
Til
lair on the !•
il' lie;u \ horses is diihhed "tlio
leather.-- and the t.'riii silky denotes the qinility desired.
'11
le cliiiin ol n
ore
<'ndiir;ince for some colored lioi'se^
than forotiiers is stontly uidield l>y man\ 1
lorsemeii-
-il
rs more proliahle that tl
II' conform;ition. iiml not the
'■ '• ''-■'^■•'^ '•'""• <■:']•'• Hayes siy> that dark colored
orses endure the heat lietter fl
lan I i'dit -colored ones.
norile colors in horses iiredeteri
that controls the m;iiket ti
reuMid to coiichers. saddl
iiined 1>\ I'ashion, ;uid
some extent. especi;illy with
CIS, ro;i(|sters, eti
d 1
i:\
erv one,
possibly, has heard it s;iid ••tlmt
a had colur." ;uid also that if a horse i
I ,y:oo(| horse c;innot he
ay him. two try hjn,. dr.. 1„. that
■^plashin
lor tin
las one w liite foot
as it may. <^\c;i\
hite are not desired
on
<iv.
nnless
eii-ciis. <•,,;,! hhick hor
funeral purposes. Th
lorses lni\ e 1
'cs t'etcli hi^di piices t
or
M'eii ii;i
>ii I
of those ;ininials moi
in th
lociiimn of the white nnukinjis
"led. tlins reiideiiiiu- description
e e;isy. c. o-.. a simill piitch of white
<' center of the forehead is called ;t st;
!■- larircr it is iliii,h,.d ii hi;
II'. if the patch
l/e
a na I li >\l >;( n n r;
rl.l ,).
ii
' Tl
*:#fi
i
;^
II I
\'l (I'lillll I 1/ I'll 11(1 Ills.
Ilic l.icr l-c:illcil ;l liltcll. :iliil ll liir wlilli' -^IHriul-- ii\ci'
Ihi- filer Mil' Ii'llll !>,llil K iillcli ;||i|illri| : ■■•-lii|>" lclr|-~ In
;i lilllc ]i;ilrli iil wllllr (HI rlllicr lip: "•wlllli' --I n<k I li;^" "
ailil '"wlilli' -~iiik'' nlci 111 lii;ll k I li_;^ I Ml Mm- llliili-. Ilif
Innili'l ti|p 111 ill'- km r llnrk. lllf I.llli-l In IIh' Id ,iick'>.
(Il;i\ Inn -(•■> ;ll r \ ciy liillili- In « li;il i> lliiliiiil Nj cl.i iii i^ls
lihiik liiiiiiii--. \\i' iii;i\ li-iiii lliriii. ;iMi| ;ill 111 iiil:1i ic-
lllii\;il In Millli'l lllli--' |ic-l |n| llifij. Illllf.v> I lli'> ililcl In r ^\ il ll
I he Ih III 111 mT III"' illiini.ll lln\ -111 111 Id lie let iilmif.
I lie h:ili l;1i'\\^ ;|itm| i| 1 11^ In llii- (I I null r. >c;l-iili. Imul,
etc.. Mild i'^ >li>'d ill ci'ilain >f;i>nii>nr Ijir \i:ir: in |ii.iilliy
llic rinid il i. ill i-> kudwn ;i^ •■ niniill inu." llir rf:illi(i> in
I'liwl if|in-Ni-iil iiil; 1 In- !i;iii> in ,inini;iK. 'I'lic <diai:n-lfr
;iiid i|U;ilil> nl Mil' Imii \;irir> uiiii llir In I'cdiiiLj, <-. };■..
in ( i.illiiw ;l\ ;iud \iil;ii-~ cltllc, Slinwini-n nl linrscs,
entile nnd -liei-|i. Ipl;iliki-t ijieii' eliniuf- I" iln|ii(v\e I lie
eiiiid il imi III I lie vk in nnd lin i i : piiiill i \ iiieii eniiliiie I heir
liii'd- In the dinil\ |i|;iie-- |i. ;i\nid ■• lini'^-'ine--- III' llie
|illllli;(t:f "' 'ii;!- In Ilie -^uu'v |;|\-,. | he linil' |ileve|\es
llie >kin iVniii Wei. eiild nnd llie direi-i net mn nl the
siiii'> rn\--. Inlini;iiel\ iclnled in ihe linir nie llm-e
^lllK'lMle-. klinwii n-- llie Imrn-. nl' enllle .llid -hee]i. Ihe
elie^l IIIlK n| l|,ir>e^ nild n■>•^e-. nild llie en\eiillL;-~ nl Ihe
Innl. leltlieii 1 f^ in (he llnl>e. a^^ 'd llllde. nild ela\\>
ill shi'e]!. ^w llie. e:(l I |e. el e.
I ho horn»» \ ni \ i ii si/c nnd ~-li:i|ie neem iIiiil; In I lie In I'ed
and >e\. lhe\ uinw liniii llie innlri\ ni llieir Im-e; lliey
are iimie <s\' h'^> Imllnwed nni. Ihe liniiial -inn--e^ lieinL;'
entll ililled iiiln t lieni.
Iho thostnuts. Thex- haie. Iini-n\ --l i nel iiio arc said
liy ■-nllli' lienple In lilPle--elll aU e\ nl u| Inlia l_\ stai;!'
/■//' .V
( I rails Sl/s/i
llilnli:;li whicli llic ImiNc li;i> -(.lie. they :IH' tuiilnl nti
the lli--i(lr III' till' |..|c;||'lll aiiil <>\[ \\\< ii|i|ii'i |(;||| t,[ llir
illllff hlrr cil I III' h nil! (';ilili(i||>.
Ihp Krqots in liui -<•-, m.' ininMJ -tiiwiiiu- IV tlii' skin
"I 1 Ik' li'I luck .nil! 1 .11 ii'>|i,iii.i !■! I III' ImicI ^(ijfv (,|' ;iii||||;il>
lliii; \\:ilk nil IIhii' -ij|r- M:ili. iIm'.;. r;|t . ||| cattle
llii'V air iiiii|i-\ i'|,,|,.'i| (|i'_;il-~. ( Ih'-'-i mil- and ci^^ols aif
l"-"i'i i|.'\ rliiiiicl III III.' iiihIi'i III I'll hill-.' than in the
"I'll Imi'iI a III ma I.
< II \i'i i;i; i\.
THE roOT MS CARi: AM) SIIOHI
N(i
TliR Moof <ind its (ontents. I
!'■ Illl|".| lillirr iif (
ll>
•'I'UM'l III ;iii||
ll.ll> c'.lllllMl 1m- (.\ flf-l l|||;i|,i|. Ill I li,. I
l'il>c
••>|'<<l;ill.\ ;ilf u,M,i| I,., I iiriil
I'M : W II IhHIl
l^t M II
I Ic-.-l ll
Millie i~
If^'-clli'il ;i(|-i.|(||ii- I,, I
illtcrl'rir.l uilh. \\ III],. ,;,i||,, ,|
MM'. I I,, I- <||, infill |H|||»,.,.^, \,.| llicN ;iU,
;;'"iil I'cci. Ill iiiijii' ll
Ir<>ll;^ll ;ni(| lli;|lkc|
"■ Mt.;r('|. |||> wiiiK i>
l"'-|i illllj >\\ III). ;||,. II,, I
" -lliMlM Ii;|\(.
•Il'l''! IIk'II' -.Illllj 1,1 III,. I,.,,, I
'lllf. ;il|i| III llm^,. iivnl lur I
III ICIldcr lliclli r;||i;|l)l,. <,| |,f| (111111111^ t|
I inn. I'lii' Idiii
iii'i'diii^.
till' I
iiiiiif is lii^i icicjicd.
skin, w liicli it i^.
i.'il \ ;ihl;ili|i. Iiiiir-
rii|i-~i>l III- III I 111. 1 r :iiii| ll- ,.iiiil..|ii> s\ ill
liil-i- lirllii: liikcil Ms
H' lilll>|(|(. III,.
HHMfluiC ill' (!(■-.,. I |1m.(|. |ji;i| 1,1 111,. I
\ I>|'. .\|i|iri.;i(liiii- I he 1,1,, 1 ||,,i|| ||
•iiiiii-lv A ciiil iiiiial hill ,,|' ll
The
I'lii i,„,i lis r
nil ilill
I .S'A
/•I' nil/.
1 1
lifrl iv ifachfil. ,il u I
III
li I'l'Hil llic \Mill iii:ikf> ;i N|iai|(
liiiii iiiuanl^ ami LnuanU until ii iii.Tts nrai th,. point
.1 111.' Ilo- III
site hffl; III,, uall I liii^ |,
"'III iniial i(iii C.I ilir \\;,|| ||,,,|i the (ipp
I lii-> a
II aciilf aii-lf al Ilit- I
ircls
ami il !^ al llii^
|"'iiil \\ li.ir . ..111^ an- iiMiallv t'niind:
III
lll'lll II. ll |, Mill,, lis ..I II,,. W;|l| ;||,. call.'.! --IIk- I
laiN
ami a.i a- liia.o In i h.. r,„ii.
.•..|IM.||I|,.|||1\ III,., sjldllld
ii"l '"■ ''III aii\ liiwfi I hall i> al'->.iliili.|
y mi-,'s,-,ai V. Tlic
iit.'i siiiiac,. ,,| III,, wall I- i.aim|,.,| aii.l «i.\ .tcI |,\ ji-
|il ii|,.i|iir. /Iir html'
lllllllfih III- /I' I nlj,/, , whicll sill, III, 1 not
II.- lrlliM\ ,.|| li\ I II,. |-,|,
III 1 lir ^wri,.|ii||o_ ,|
[I. siiili ii.|iiii\ al fxpiisrs I In- 1
HUM
I \ iiiu ami lii'si i,,\ iiin iiillii<.iicf> (if til
\\'allii.|. III,. Ikh'ii ,,f III,. \\;,||
is lint lllfaill III be >o|'t, it
has I,, l„.ai \\i.|-lii. nil 111,. ,,|li,.r hand
it Is iml iiiipr,)\ ,.(!
li.\ a iliyinu I. Ill |iii„-,.ss 1,1 u hich III iiih-m.ss is Hi- result;
;l i>
liiiui.\,.r. iiilfi, .still- In lint,. Iliat the Icct
III Horses
;rn\\ II ill ill \ I'liiiiii I
i.'s aiv Mini,, (jiiialilc than Hidm' of
i"i>'-> iais,',l in wet .niiiiti i,.s . I'ninis ,,[■ tin- Horse
llav.s,. 'II
If l^liiw I h nt' hnl II is
similar In that of jilaiits,
.•MTSSIM- mnlsllli,. |„.i||o \,■^,\ |-„ 1„,,|| 'i-i^^. i,|,,.,.„.jl
-III larc nf II
If hnnj' prt.siiils I'lDI
iiliif |.aiallfl plalfs kimw n as II
11 li\c to si\ iiiiiidrfl
If hoi nv or iiisf iisitivc
amiiia-. Tlii- 1.
•iiiiiiia' aif sf|,aialfil iVoiii one
aiinlhrr liy ilffp -rnn\|.s into wlinh 111 the corn
sf iisiti\ ,. Icav fs : laiiiiiKf '. In a
|i:ii I of ih,. uall lifs ihf ciiri
il is (l,.\clniif(l liif wall. 'I'li
is thai pari !o which the slin
-|ioiuiint?
,'ino\f at tlif upper
iiar\ ciisiiion : hand >. from
• inlfiinr linrdcrof ih,. wall
• is altaclifd md uheu un-
'""' i^'ii'' iiflvNilh the -loiiml. The slope of liie wall
sllnllhl lie that
;i\fM 1>.\ ail aiiulf of ."ill and should
eon-
^..ii -liii, v,i,,,i ill im- sinp,. of ,in> p;i.steiii: the outer
I
s ..'f
I I > Vihriiiiii II l.'lrnit nts.
siiii'ari' III liii' vviill ^limilil Im- >ii Ili ii il in :ill\ . :iiii|
stnii'^lil 1 1 iilii I hi nil iilnl III t III- ;;|iilllli|.
Ill I 111- ^liiiw rlii;; t lie ait iliccN ul' t Ik- ^runiii nlicii i miih-
iiilii |ila\ liii liiii-i' lini'>f> li:i\ ill;;; :i |miii|' ni' liiiikcii wall,
ill MM-li taM-^ till- lnulxfii >|ia(r is filliii willi wax m tin-
<'iitiic luul is iiialril with ;:iitla |nr«lia. cials <ir nails
iM-ini; iiisfilfil ill t III- iiialci'ial lu im IId-i' aid in tli<' <!< i ip
iimi. ciiiixiiiiciil l\ it is wfll ill all cax's In cxaiiiint'
I Imi iiil^^lilv cxccssix (• siiiiMitliiit'ss III Ihf Inuii in i>\<\
Imi-is hfiim always M|ifii to sii'>|iiiiiiii.
iisri II i:i;s
riiK. lu'ii.
(r.i|,,Mi«hi..l..
I.. ('.. I.iili Till liirliliivi'. 11. Ilii'l. 1^. qiiailiT. T..Tiii'. I.. I.iiiii; pas-
liiii liiiiii'. ■-'.. sliiiil iBi^Ufii Ikiih'. :!., I'iiImI liiiiii'. jii^i lii'lijiiil whuli can
III- si'i'ii ihi' ii.'i\ ii'iilar liiiiH'. N. .1., Niivlnihir iniiil. I'., I'lm.'. Tlif wliitr
piiiliuM iiiarki'd s i> llic siii-iiivi' |i:iil ot tin- liiiit. iiii'liiaiiiL; llii' >iiisii|\i>
liiriilii.i-. «iili' mill II"-'. !■ . I h.' ■■.in.iri?\ -iii.-iin. ■I.niul . 1. rill' hiMif
llnrii (lll»rli>ili\i
The solo i^ a Illicit plalc nl linin mi llic iiniirr --iiirarc
ol'tlic l'i"'t. lillilli; I 111' -]i:irc lie! \\ cell 1 lie har.s ami liiUtT
^'^]ti^• 111 I 111- wall. Ii- ii|i|h-i sni laii' i^ cniix ex ami ii-cciNt's
tilC Sl'llsll 1\ I' -Inirlllli' aliiiM'. its liiWcinlli- 1^ rii||ca\l'.
iii-i ii'iii 1 1 ml; III riiiii--i' Hit ini- a II I Ilia I.
1 lit- ICl|l|l-|||-\ III
'I'lii r<if,i //> r,ii' 'iii'l slim nt<j.
Il!(
I lie soli- til III I It'll I lien SIM •> w ii li vmh k iiiid ,\<^i'\ an execs-
sivfly uiili' >|ii)'a<l lit el will li uil in lei <!<>\\n llnsnlf.
Tlie sole shuiild lie >tniMu'. cniiriivc iiii ils iiinlii >iilc anil
of fair lliii'kiM'». i \w
ti'->ii«' llakf^ >4\ il
II I I nu H i';ii
Kiiii^i- 'if till- ^iilf ii>iiall_\ >lii>u ii\ (ii^i i.|iii,il lull; III)-
sole jv lint iiiti'iiilt'il i<> Im:ii aii_\ j;reat aiinniiit nl \-i-i^lil;
ill ils union wilh iln' wall il tnnns wlial i^ icnu
fii nil
till
irliU'' liiK. I III'
-Id |ii| ImiI iliT 111 I
ir ~iil»' h
li:l|ii'il :ni<l I Mli^ llilii I III- a
III I 111- an"li' t'lniiiril li\ I In- h
lis ami
wall. Ih«' lr<H( 1^ a lua^^ nl -.iinii^x lini ii I'hIu'iI IhI \v ■■cii
till- liai.> «lt->ii:lli'il III irri'ltr a riill'^illl'l allll' |)iilli<i|i nl'
till' \v»'i;:;lit lij' Ilif Ihii|\ ami li\ it- rla>tiril\ tu iliiiiiiii>li
(• )ai'H-i^ii>!i. ci:i iu ii'iliT ^ H l.i ■!■ !•• a >ai ill lU-jir ■~s:oii
kii'iwn M^ till' ell -I I : ii^ u|i|'ii -in laci' pi i-cnl > -.mall ii|irii-
ill,li> III li'ii'ivr llli' >rll>iti\r |iall> alrnvr. lii JK nlili-r is
ail i'lc\ al lull riirii'-.|Miiiiiiii;: In tin- rldi. kiiuwii aN llif
ImuNiav
ill-id.' i.r 11
It' Sl'lislt 1\ I' >1 I llrl 11 1 (■ air I lu' 111 1 1 II'
III' tilt' liM'l: t!ii'-i- liciiH's iiiav lie saul I'> ir|irf>iii' llie
!i'iniaii Tim (I. the ■M'liNit i\ f slnit'tiires thestnckiiiy. ami i lie
lllllll I 111' IllMlt.
Iho Iciteciil ( cirtiliiqes, I ^^ •' liair I m -lia]ii'il piei-rs >>{'
yii-lli- rmiml al i he 'iiijier pail <>! llir i)iiartei>. aie nl'
iiili'it'>l lieeaii-i- -II cilli'ii all'i'i'li'il. Iii'iii^ Imiii'ii iiiln liniie
1 iissilieii i anil lliii- n-inli'i i-il iiiiiii>i\ aMc: I In- rait ila^es
ail' allarlii'il lirlnw 1-1 Mil' w mil:- nl tin- juihil ln-iies.
Fhe sensitive Icimintr iiia\ lir rnn-iilinil as m'DWihs or
eniil iniiations nl I 111' rm miai \ rii-liinii ami it is inilitii'tnilt
to ri'iiii'iiihrr that I hi- ha ml c'lnniarN iii-liiuii ) on ai eon lit
nf il- iiiaiiiii 1 (if growth 'nIhuiIiI i m m> aeemint l)0 eut
Ihrmi'^ll 111 lllr -liapi' ami a|i|irai aiirr nl llle I'nnt will 111'
ininii'ii: ii ii\ aii_\ iii- liie waii i- -iii]i|irii -n a.- lo
£.- ,. I
1-" \''liri>i(iri/ F.l'iiiiiits.
IfaVflllc l;llilill;i' liaic. Ilin-c lc;i\rs sccill to J,'ln\v rap-
iillv: It lias liccii Slid tliat iIh'm- laniiiia' arc x'lisitixc;
siicli l)fiii- the cax'. till' >c\fic pain ■-litiwn wlicii a Ikusc
is r-imi.l»MV(l i laiiiiiiii i> is tlniN accinmicl lor. The
hoof is (lc\ cliipfd It (111 I tlif skill, llic hipi iiy iiialfiial rdin-
iii.H- tVniii tlic siipti li.iai la>cr uf lii,. six in. tlic st-iisit ivt'
struct iirc.~ tiniii till- deep laser, such heiii;; the case it i.s
readily iiiidcisiund how the liu(,r and >kiii arc aliUc in
•'I'l'"'- 'J'lic lioi.l is made np nj (ilncv res.nililin;; iiaiis.
>tiHk tM;,reilier, with a dnwnward and loiward direction.
It seems III III- the accepted opiniiiii that \\ liitc liiinls arc
inure delicate, pniiuis and iimne tiidi>ca>e than arc dark
ciiliiied uiiev. I'lie -riiwlh ill llie 1 f di iw iiw ai ds and
I'liiuards is niiilnrm in the healthy I'm-t. the rate <it'
t,nii\Mli i> alidui a third .d' an inch a miuith; hind ' .ois
liiiiw taster than rinnt uiic>. and uiisln.d taster than siiud.
'I'he ciinditiiiiis la\(iriii- ^inwthsaic -exercise, iiiuistiirc
and tiari'lniitcdiiess: Uie time leipiired tor the hnol' to
j,'r(i\v t'nnii the ei.riiiiei in ihe ,t;riiund at liie toe is 1 L'
iimntlis. at the .|iiaileist; ti, ,s mniilhs. and at tlie lictds
■'! to ."> mmii li
Hoof ointmr ts do not aieci the honi alieaii,\ secreted,
lint max slim, date the o,o\\ili of horn from the coronet.
\'hen \veij;hi is pill on ilie loai Hiere is a widening: out
:.i tlic (iiiartcrs. top and l.ottom. the iici.-ht thus b»diig
lesst'iH'd. and the soh- liecomes Hatter: wcijjjlit is tlicii
thrown on the lower 1. -s, wiiicli sink down and liack,
the corona short [lasteiii Ixmc ' presses down the tatty
cuslii III. winch ill tiiiii inisliesoii! the lateral cartihi>,'es.
and if mo\ahle. these eartihif^es piisli out the waH a', the
<|uaiter>: the picssiire liioiiHiit to lieai uiioii tlie froji due
The Fool -Its fan a ml Shoeiii;/.
121
to tlx' fiutirs ifsistaiicf. iircsM's i
t ;iml tlif liars outwards.
III.- ivsiilt of all thfs.- movriiifnts aic: 1. to protect the
.hocks: •_'. to aid and incicasc tlic spring
dv
li'(iin
elasticity
the liiid.. thus j,n\iii^' an easy, iintiiiiif;
ait. besides limiting,' coiicu>sion
to increase
.•idatioii of the foot, and tlin- insnre a j. roper ^m
horn. Ni> l>ortion of the hody will retain its iim
the cir-
owth of
fnh
less
unless iiM'ii
lil\ noiii i>liiiieiit ill
Nature is firm in liei- laws and does not suj)
Ihf toim of hlood to parts not in use
coiiseti
iieiith it a
^hoeiiii:' or other iiiea
nd fro- is desired. i( must n(»l. by
ii>. be relieved from recei\ inj,' press-
ure
The claws of cattle and sheep r. ally (o
ah
if Icct. the di\ isioii ill the bone
isist of \\\{
^tartinj; at the
fetlock. Tlie space between
the hoot' is termeil tiie cleft.
and at its upper
sill
face in sheep a ^laud
IS si
mated
hich mav K'
■t blocked w ith dirt. etc.. and thus cause soie-
lo a
ill ihe feet. All animals need their feet attended
neglect results in deformity and
this the case in colts kejit in box
1 remilar in1er\al
disease, espet
>iai
iallv
•o IS
am
I in cattle and sheep. Au examination w
ill
lien
.how the horn jiiowii loiii; am
I curled in under the
heel
s. sometimes lar^;*' pieces arc
brok
en out of the \v
all.
In th
.labl
e abiimlance o
f clean. di\ be«Uliii<,' should
.hoiild have to stand in wet or
hlv places U,r any considerable leiii,dh of time or such
he used
N
o animal
mm
ilisca.scs as
toot rot. tliriish and canker will result.
good hoof slioiild be straij;ht in the wall, r.o hollows
ne'.ciniess, no crac
ir lissnres
when felt with the
the hand, it should be smooth: a r<tu^'h. liarsli
(I a dr\ ;iiii)eaiaiice indicate brittleiiess. 'Die
p:Jm ol
feeling' ;im) a dr> appearance
'-'- Vrtfriiiarii F.l< uimls.
'"'"'^ "'' ■'"■ '"■'■! -l"Hii(| Im. iniindfil .iihI stinnn. ,i,,. ,,,|,.
"'"'"■'"'■ '"'""^^ ■""! l'"l M.pai-lll.Ml |,,„„ Ih,. U;||i ;|, ii„.
'''""•'"■"■ 'I'" I|"--IhmiI,1 I„. mimmu. u,.|| .1,.v..1,.,m.,|
"'"' "^ '•''■I' l""^"l- 'In ^HMl .liallMU. ,,„ ,in|-l.-;,s,M.
"""■" ^'"■"''' '"■ I'l-s..,,!. Th.. l.;u> v|„„,|,l h;,^.,,., ,,,,.
''■"■'' ■""' 'I'^^^l"! 'lilVClinU In |1„. |„,il il,,. I,,,.. ,1,,.,,.
■"'"'"''' '"■ "" ^'''ii'- ill iIh- >n|,. ai ,1,,. |„,,.u. ^^|,||,. ,1„.
'^'"''•'' '•^'"il;'.^<'s > M -lasii,. I,, ,i„. li,,.,,, ,,„„.,,.
""■ l"''i"l'l" -IhmiM ,„,t l,a>.. l„.,.,i ,a.|>,-,l av\a\. In ,,it
""■■""' ^'"■'•!' '!"■ ^^^ill -li l..-iiniinH.,i In' al,,,,!! il,,.
''"'■' "' ""■ ^"i''- ■'!"' 'I'" pnillKnl ll,.. In,.. ,,.,l,l,|..,| nir.
SluHMny. <),, ar,-nunl n| ih,. aililinal miHlninii ,|,ai
='"'"'■''- l'''ilirulail\ linrscs. aiv siil.i<-.-|,-.i in. .,„.,-ial
'"■^"""••" "' ""■ "■<•' l'^"l '"'"■|'i"vi.i..,i. Mi,.i, i,..:,iin..nt.
'' '"■'•'■^-^"> "^'l 11 .Uii il is. .-vil l.r.-a,,... „ ii,l..,|,.,vs
"""■'■'" ''--^Mili llir iiaiiiial a.-ti. ih,. inni. ,\ i,., ii,..,l
slldfilli;-.
ll'>i>.->l,n,.iiio i. an ail .laliii- Irm,, U,,. (,;|,il> JH-iniv
""■'■'"'^''^"' "•'^'- \\llll:Mil |1m-( n||,,u,.,n,- i.. s.Hl Inliav..
ii"i"'l'i'''''l ^li.H.inu iiiln r.iiulaii.l. .\ai.n|,.n„-v,|,.;|.,i,,iis
'y'"-ll ""III Mn.rnxv u;|. , ua ( 1 . ■ « n 1>, • Imiu la.-k nlhnrs,.
s'ln.cii,::. ainl a^ nin,|,.|ii warlai.' cinplnvs 1,.,,.,-. In, ,,,\
•'''■> ■""' 'iHiil-'iA i>iir|M,M.. ina -ival.T ,.m..|,i iImii Inr-
""■'■'■'• ll"l--il'"HiU hr,-,,|l|n. a ll,.c,.>sity. Ill 111,. ,.
""I"'"'"!' ■"!'' II ■ |H-;i.-,.lu| ualks ,,| li!,.. Midi a- a^ii-
"■"ll"!-'. <•''•. ii.a>,-.l,n,.i,,- i- jii.t a- iiii|Hi!iaiil. as tli..
^'■"'"'- "' ''"■ I lii'-l- ' aik,.|.s. ,.!,-.. ,l,.|„.|„i. In a
'■"'-'• "■^"■'" ""I 'II'- |'i<.|iar,.,lii..>-. ,,r Uic li.MM.; ill ii,.I,l
vvnik. Mi.'li a^ !.!,.« inu. iLnT,,\vii,n aii.l ,.tli,.| far p,. ra-
ti,. ii>. vhn,- am lu.||,.i .li-.|M.|i...,l u ,||, If ,,,,.m1.1,.. ll„. u.y\
"ill. Iinu,\,.i. .nil r,.,|iiiir i.-iilai- al l,.|,l i,,ii.
77// /'//(/r- /'v <'"re
niil SliDi iiii/.
128
The specuji objods ol shoeing
1. Tii pluIiMi 111.- Innl 1111111 I'M
ir<'
ihc Tfcl 111 ,ui'1 siiio t'liiit nil: nii u-
.i\ !■ \\c;ir: 'J. til ciKitili'
ir ^liiiiicrv ri'iulN;
In ij\ i-iriii:ic a- ni-ar a^ |i'i
— ililc raultv fiiii
alanriii^' 1 In- lui-' am
1 liinli a- i1 iiii-lil III' ti-i
iiiin\ I- ili^i'a--fil I'l'Milil i"M~
I'unnal mil.
ii'il: ai'il.
till' liint.
I. \n riin nr nii|
llir Iri'l 111 rnll- -limilil laifls 1'
fn, 111 -.li.iriii- a^ liiiiu a^ ii.i--ilili'. W ln'ii li 'i-''- ;nv >\un
ill larl irlVaiii
111' slidc^ -liiailil 1
If I i-llh i\ I'll I
\ CM \ InUI 111 -l\ Wri'kS.
Ilir <
A(T» 111 linlll I a-|it
aw a\ aiHl I In- ^IM il-
ls impiiita
taiil In ii-iiii'IiiIh'|- llial lln- i-m
^ n-tilti-il: It
il lliHIl. llic
I. •Mill 111 uiuxMh, !><■ ii-iii'i\i-il. Ill '111' I'^i-' l"'"!'!'- <•!" "I''
h. iiii\\aila\ ■> iiiaiix lia\i- ■j.'>i\i- alim-l In tin' 'liliiT
Inn IIIIH
(■\l I cllin
It hnr-c-^an- 1" 'j.*< liai rrnnii-il nmir Imi-n ^Imiild
l„. 1,11. ilin-,liarii- it'-i ' i1.l:i'"I' 111'' \^'iH -^li"!!''' '"• """"'"''^
w ilh llii- ra^ji 111 a\ mil ^|
I vi.ljii iim iif llii- wall
llaUr
i|' I hi- -
i|- I I n;^ lirlllU ill
t nil'. riir wi-ar 111 a -^Iiik' i?
Ill' In tlil-l inn lii-I N\ It'll
il ami llii- Lii'M il. ' III' NM-ar iiia>
!„■ iialiiial . iinniial a> in a ^miiiil \ I'lmu li"i -'•: "i niiiial
ui'ai 1 alimiriiial in an iin-niiml linr>r. v. '^.. \M'ar nl ihr
tnc ill na\ iriilai ili-i'a-~i' ami -]
1 --i^n in. \\i-.\y nl 1 hi' In-rl m
laniinil i^ - Iniiiiiii
,. . ( )|| ; he U|i|ii'I- --IMiai-r nl' t ill- >lliif
irU^ 111 urai' art' '-i-i-n ilm- In llir lila\ nl' tin' iiuarliTS.
nii> iiniiii caiinrii-n ill- ni'ti-il iIh' ^Iiijh'. wln'llii'i iiilni-
I iniia
il
1 n|- iml. 111" t 111- llrt'K nl a
ic. -iii'li a sliiiii'. il in-
\s aiiN a-^i-t in:4 I" i
liwr 111!' hci-ls. nr iC mil wariU In hikmi
liriii. Nin-li a licariiii; ■.imi (liii-ct imi slmnlii nm lie yi\cii.
I III' slim- viiil'acc
>lniiilil 111' |ii'iti-(-l l\ li'\ I'l.
Kdmindtion o( ci foot. W
urn alinii
linllt In l-\alllin*' lilC
liinl 111' ri'llinv I' a -linr a I W a\ -^ sec
staiiil I'niiifni talih nil thrri- Ic.us.
thai llii' aiiliiial I'llii
llirii li,\ i.asNiim- the
124
Vetrriiian/ Fli >ii< nfs.
li;iii<l (inwii 111.- liiiil, 1,, 1,,. lilt,.,!, luiicli >li-liily Willi ihi.
Ihiiiiih and lii-st liii-..|- 111^1 ;,li..\c thr (.•ilnck. H,,. f,,(,t
will iiMiiil!\ !»«• iirtcj I -, III,, iiiiiiiial. Id hoM ii ,'a>\\\ .
K'"i^l' >1"' t il' the In,,! ami lliio Irl ihr aiimial hear- its
own weight: in ivm.ixal <>( llir sh,,,- a liiinri- ^lij. is
nt>ccssar\. A II cliiichi-. ^luMild ]<•• liUci licrmc iiyiny-
(o i)ull iilf ilir null, ami when (JDin- --u avoid t\\i>iinj,f
of tlic foni. Ml injiiiN In ilif |uini> at i:,al pari will icsnll.
Tlif ;irfaifi nmnlici <>\' >lincin;: Miiilli-. aiv iiiipif ((niipc-
ten I Id I nd^c nf 111.- a ninii 111 .>!' Iiiinniin^ and cnli m- rc-
• iniivd l.\ a liudT ihan i- lli,- axcia-r Ihum- nwiici : ilic
trniilili' i> ii>nall> Ihal |.f.iplc d I lak.' Ilic, li,,iscs lo
tilt' smith '»/•/,,/ ,„„,,,//,. Tlic 11,,;,^ >li,,ul.| I..- Icil ].n>ini-
iHMil. >.. that it uill iniijcci Im-\ j the h.-aiiim surfacf
ofllii- (Hiarl.-!> and ihn^ limit the aimmnt ..f lai'. As
tiic l.aiN a:.' inllcci iim-. .>!' ih.- \\all>. and I licicldi.. meant
tnMii)ii..it Ufi^ht. Ili.'N >li..nld lint 1m- (-111 a\\a\. ■{'he
piillern of tilt- ■.111,,- r,,.- 111,. >,,iind Inni i> immatfiial so
I.mt,^ as it-, l.t-aiiny is tin.- and li-\.-! and ivMn nn llic wails
Mid liai>. 'rill- slinc siirfacc >iiiiii!d In- w i,|,- cnnii' h t.t
cover llic wall and whiu- line, the w.-li \n-\w^ wider at
llif Ih,. Ihan at tin- h.-el>. 'I'Me and heel calks are better
dlNpells.-d wdh unless, ,11 >lipp,iy i.iad>. A\..id excess
ot\vei;^lil in >li<.es: fur that pni im>m- >ieel and ainminiim
are u>cd. ||,,i>e> aic made I.. -., hij,di l.y lca\ in-on lots
of loot ,n l.\ uei-litin- with hca\ \ shoo. I he weij^lit
hciii^- placed at .ir near the t..,-. therelore. Ihc cMrt'inf
lii;;li action >liown hy some Iioim's iiia,\ he considered as
mure -ir IcNS art iliciai: education has a -real deal to do
with lii;;li aclioii. as it is well known l>y hoi-eim-n that
Ihe so called liinh Meppin-- hie.-ds need edncalin- in
order I.t ;j,el Ihe hiyhost acliun oiil ol Ihein.
Tin I'liiit - Its Can und Shdcini/.
II, M, I
S III \\ < P 1
kill'' liiiiM'> >liniilil 1h' pickfd out ami
ricailf"
1 daily. 'I'ln' jri'Mi
11(1 siiitacr t'l s
Ihics >liniii<i be
Mat. iir It
d >lii:lillv at tlii^ t.
Ill nidn In cxamiiif tlir iiiiid In,. I. it the aiiiiiial is at
;ill iiniflialili'. ^tuiid w ilii the back tu llif lini-c"> licad: if
til,, near hind jnnt i> tn lir •■xainiiicti. -taiid on that side
(I run tiic Irit hand u'^.-nll>. '.Mil liiiih\. dowi
I the liiid).
;inninL: nli t lie tn], (it t lie 1111
nil. '.'.'ii il the haiustriiii; i.s
rcachiMJ. jiist ;iImi\ c t he iiniiit (if tiic lidck. ^'ras|i tliat i)art
lirmiv. then \. ilii liic n|><'n i i^dit hand, palm ii|>. jiiasp
ihc If-jii^t at the iiasicrii. lilt and iiiacc (Hi the tliij,di.
\;iriMn> (ictcct> el' the trait, ^iicli as Ini .;.. m^' and intcrtVr-
1 Icct arc itMtilicd (ii- ini|H(>\ (■(! by sliociiig.
lilt,'. (•' Mit raclc(
Forqing i> a dflcct (if the -ait. dim mainly to (•(infinitia-
liiin. bciii- higher at cKUiii than at witiicrs. loiij; lot;s
and shmt Imdio. (H lci;s tdo iiiiich iindciiifath tiic ImkIv.
a/.iiicss. bad shdciii':. of thr
it iiia\ tic
due to w cakiif
iiulit (il hcaiiiiL; tiic clickin.u- >(>ni
d. '{"lie n.)i>
•lick-
inj,') is made 1>\ (Uif hind lu-il (ir nIhic slrikinii liif fi'diit
shoe dt the >aiiic >!d<'.
I'd cdi led the trdiililc ^i\ c tlic tcct tlifir pKiiMT sl(>i«c.
abdul lifiy dcuicfs. by Idwcrin;,' cither tlif iiccls (ir toos.
i'hc iVdiit siido must lie lid idii-icr ami ii" w id<'r than tiic
Inidf: tile iiind slmcs slioiild be siiditcnod at tlic too. tlie
idwc! ('(l-c rounded, no toe clip, and tiic slioc littcd so
that tlircc I'oiirths of the tliickiiess of tiic wall at t'nc toe
wdl extend licvdiid the siioc: in some cases tlic iist> of
liea\ ler
hde> in iVdiit. sav fonrlecn (iniice>
in iVoiit. six
lo elLlIlt ' illlices iiellim
lldl
1. is ad\isabic: always d,i\i' tlie
se well in iiand. so timt ii" t;()cs np on tlic liit. tiie
uait cannot l>c c(illecte(l unless
tlic (bi\t r liamllcs the
reins properly. A slioc aiigidar at tlic toe instead of
P.m;
V,l>
"III/ !:i,mriil.s
iDllMil 1^ u,.|| 1 I
li'iill.l,-. \\ :| I
I"IIl;1|| uI ;|v
■I llliMiis iif (■(iilccliriL; III
'I'l'"-'!!'' >iilr lll.ll l> ki
•■"'I' ■^li'". 1. ,in„.K i,\ ., I,,,,,,
li"l| (if ilic
Intorfrrinq
l"\\ II :|> ,.|n>. lirjiio-
'ii'i.\ !"■ iipi'li'-'i \>< \> iisl
I iiiu'. I III- 1.
niiiT 1^ 1 1
lili^ :ill(| -.|ic((l\ ciil
"""•' '|ll:nl.-| ,,| ;| .1|,„. ,„|nul nlll
"■ " I'"~ "I 111.. Irl|,„-k l,\ 111
H- l.|,|M
ciiihii- is III,.
l'\ iN I, .11,
|>l"'^ii<' 1
'■,!;■: Sliced \
^^"""'""~ ■■I'l"' I. -.,.•;„■ II,.. K„.....,,i,.„.k
'" MM 111,
I lii'ir I
|>|I<)S1|,. >j,i,. J|,
""•■^ "lit ;mv Ii.iI,!,. I,, i|,|,.|,,
'l>'s 1||;|| (II
I'll
Ml aIsM s|,|.,.||\ |.||, I,
''■'■^- I'l'l '■nmi-li III ,lii\,,,„^ 'I'
'•iv: kiiurk kllrcd li
.1 \ CI \ dan
-C 1(1 1 Is \ Ice ill
"•\|.CI| s||,„.|. \i I
lis disc IS,. II, ..-ds tl
I" ^^lll ll.lV U, slll.h his
'"■'iiii'l 'Hill and |Hiil,;il.l\ s|
II- I'al iciii. dii,
'ii''''.\ iMiiiiL: liiin. If iinsli,„|. I
I'M- a !,•« liiii,.^ 1
clcirc ,.||
^\;ill "f III,. ,,iiuid.
i"is''- i:iicl\ 1,1 iisli. 'I'll
1I\\C|,-||. ;|
li'l I lie s| I iklliu cdi
'|ll'lll<'l li| III,. |,„,| s||||,.|
\ nia\ li
a lilc. A s|
•lllle s|
n ic e;|s,.,l
Willi
I'"' lica\ ler nil II-
i'l-i'l'- liair Will ,,||,.|| ,.,.|i,,^,, ,1
'I'-i'li' «<'l> iliaii on ii-
'IIIC lullll ul' I I
I'' i'"iidii lull, r
IC Use (>|
llei.,1 ^ciici
lis,. fill. V
I- lee. ,111111,. lid, .,|^ \^,HII|.^
al aiil]s,.|,ii,. ii, ;ii|||,.|||_
iiai ■> lull-
"IIM^ llo|s,.s ,.||,.|
made « ill
am is \ er\
s'Hill as N\|.:iri,.,| I he
<'"V. ||C\, l„.f,,|,, |h|. ^1
I -1"^^ "III iif ihis In, 111, I
I shnlihl |„. ||||||i|,.l|,.d. 'I'l
c. as
lllllllls
Isler .s
111, 'Is' ,\.
I'l'''l l-'l lll.l: isdilC 1,, l;|,.k ,,|
^ii'-ii.uHi ii
"■- "•■•iMii.'ss and In,, h,.a\ \ sli,„.s. y
s'icial 1(111. sa\,'
I ' li'' hind pail.'
ii.^lil a s|
nie as Miissi
111.
IC rcllled\ - lis,. ;|..
■iii'i ilall els,. WuU IIS,. St
'""■'■I"'"i~ nil,h,.rl,eads;,s|(,U(.nll,efHh,ck
«liieh mil-
lie iciimx ,.,|
I iii,l;s o
•as jKissilile
torn
IS sdnli :|s I I
s arc iisii
IC (|| |\ c Is ,,\ ,.|.,
lil,\ due Id ii
.Ul"«lli (if the lii.ejs, ,,, ,1
\\ liieii has I,,.,. II |,„, |||.|,.|| II
■nva\ .11 ihc l,ais l,.|s (I,,. U..I1
iM'i"!ii'i' s||,„.ii|^
CXCCSSI \ ,
!'■ lir.'ssiir,. ,,f a .^,
.III.' .Ill tl
liiiiH'"!, .iia |,„,sc sh,,,.; ,.||(t
iiii.
'!< sen .(I CIIIIIS.
rill Fill, I i/s (\
1 1 SI,
nil imi.
'" '•'•' "-lll'l'l lll''> l;l-|l '!"" II 111.- I.;Ms illl.l Willi ;|||,| II, ,t
"■"'"^•' I'"' I'l-'''- "I 111-' -"!'■ Ill llir ;Mi-lr Ihii-. I, Milled.
Illlls I. rill-ill- [.IVSMIIf nil ;| |,j,|| II,, I ||l,.;|,|| I,, 1„.;||. ,,,.,.s-
-""■■ '" '"iH''-t. II-.' ;i lur -lidr iiCicr ilir iisii,,l ticni-
iii«'ii'- "I ii'l 111'' ;iiiiiii;il -I. iiiiic luotfd.
laminitis founder i. (In- use nl ili
I' I'l'lli'il hi'
iihI tc
■-lllir. I ||f li;||' .^li
II' III' .>;<)l|l<' uf the piltclil |,;|,K hi lie Inimii
ill llif iii;irk<'t w ill ol'ifii I'fi
iiiiT ;i hunt' ImiNc w m K >!
if llll' >nli' (||
<\<-~ il-i- :i w hlr w ( Midi ■-li,,... ;ii|i| ;| 1
rai r
If |i:lrlv.'l| \\ 11 ll I;, I ;|||
<i •'.ikiiiii.
("onlrcuted feet
IK' ll>ll:lll\ Ihr iv^iilt ,,t |„i(ir -liurillLr.
''illii'i- liy raisin- il,,. h,.,.K |,„, hio), ;,|,.| i;,!,,,,^ .1^^.,,^ ,1,
naluial IVd- |iics-iir,-. ,,i |,\ i he iis<' ni'
wanl .s|ii| r 1 1
<'aiiM'> iiiilicali' Il
M' 111
h'|'-'> Willi an in
'I'l-i -iiilare Ml III.' ■>li.M- iuM'l: llif
II' riiic. liarcl.i(ii.-i|iic» is
IS -ipnii ;|> ;l)|\-
ill
iiinii-iiii 1.1 .^i
i"|' Mia\ lia\ (■ I hi' r,,iv 1,1, ,1 ,,| I ]
-allH' side I |,.,1 |1|,. ;,||,| 1,\ ,,,, ji,^ ,,|' h,,|,l,|,. ;|,|,]
••ark III.' hind In,, I. >,,||i,.li|||,.> Ih,. ilixinrj
>taiid i-^ (1
I iijM' ij raw
iiial mil In
'"' '" ' III' aiiiiiLil hi.iiiL; I liiiiu I nf Im1:iii
•'> '111- •-Miilli draw ill- 1 hi' hind I
•'.:; "Ill toil I'ar iVniii il
lind\ . tlii-ri'inii' al
lln.lN'- -ri- llnil Ih,. h,,|v,. iviil.l,. tn •.land.
liH'li ina\ lie aid>',l 1
> liirnin- 1 lie head In the >ii|(
-III' III I lie Innl I,, 1„. 1 j||,.|l. 'Ih
'!•
mill' t w iieh can al-
'"' "■^'■'1' 1 1"- '""' I'I'Iiil: Im'|iI raised l,\ i\ in^ it i,, ihe i;,ji.
'' •' I'^ii-l-i'i' til' ii|i a Imni In,,! Him. li;en a ImliMe tn tin
llnd Innl tn lie litted. lak
rii|ie niie hall'
llieii ■ '_'(! leet
HI-, lasleli In I he tail, I I
I'-'i I nil I he I \\n lieeeiidv ihrnll-h
N are
"'"• '''ll^ "I I'll- in'lilile. niie ll.iin e:i.-|| side, the eli<|
""'" '"''i ''> '" 'II. siiindin- al ri.-ld aiml.'s tn tin
'"""'■• '""■ "I' '■■I'-li -iiii- "h Ihe liinli. as ih,.y pull the le-
1 liejnle atlclllllt-
lilted. Ihe Inie It- s| |,1 1„. I,,] ,|,,\\ ,, )
iii.U t" llll Ihe hind mil
m
Slii.f Willi wcit'lit ill I hi'
toe; ixtPliils (lie slriilo.
A (il.'iin |iIm|i
A Mil.. \i,mht ,||,„,,
ciHiNini; 11 liniv.. 1,1 .,,,
wider ImIiIh,!
i 1 n - oh MiiiKs,
A h. I I aright roiliim
111. .11. .11 i,„. ^1,:,,.. shoii-
.11- III.- viridoiiiid niv.s
III..1.' liii. .• M.'liiiii.
A lolMiie Idiil shoi\ in-
h'liilpil 111 inii.-Ucii Uir
-•III. I.' .llM llwrll.T.
A -.-.Kii. i.ir hind -hill .
Iiifiiks liver iniire i;i|..
^•li.V fhini if aiikrd.
A >iil. «.'ii;lii >li.K' r.ir
it kn. .' I.uiii|..i-.
J^. |. I...' -hni', ih,
I' l.llilllU' llll- plUIT 1)1
I ill' .'11 iK.
^1 Ullll h.'l.l sill,..
vv.'iLilii, u-.'liil whirl' Ihc
iiiikli' lulls iiiii, sironnih-
eiiiii^ il Mild iiivini; ii
v\ lii.T iK'iion.
M()L[)IN(i A POST-MORTEM.
The >I.
'••Kill; I 111- \ ,.t,.|j
iiai i.iii will -miici III
M-- li;i\c
aiiiiiiMJs (iir iipmi liicli- jiainis. ;i
• li'siialilr ti
III ;i^ It N nut
;ii\\a\s
llli'lir r\| I a ,-\ |ir||s|., I li,. -I,
icknian w III he tin-
'""■ '" '•\:iiiiliir ihr ijiMij aiiiinal. nr ||,,l,l
M'^ II I- llTlll
I |"i>i iiKirti'iii.
r^
III' .iiiN \ al
ii;i I'li-t iiHiil.Mii -hiMiNl !,.■ Iii'ld w liliji,
;i li'\\ lii.iii> allcr (Icaili. a>
I'l'iii' ill (Icail anliiial^; if
ilfsl iiict i\ I-
fliaii-c> M)i)ii lake
till Hull' iiiailf u|' il
IMiipiTly (■umiiici
'Il :iii(| caio
II' IIMIIJII lull-- tulllKJ
iii:i.\ Im- <>{' (M,n-i(|('ialilr \ alii
.Nil i^laci lull II, 1 ill- ow iicr.
a piiNl iiiurtciii
I- to >ilcii(c ami a nuiiicc ul'
III- iHTi's-ai-N liisl niiiiciit
:iMi| a ^aw : ah
^ all' a ^nu(| iMitcJH-r kiiilc
'I 'A i :iMl l>r|i|
II^UIlll tlM-(. Iliriv si hi 1„, ;, |,.\v,|||a|-t
I' jii'isuii liuldiiH
I'l II' III --ullll lull. -,,, |l|;|t 1 II
'"■ l'">'-iii"il<'iii call clraiis.. ills liaiai- and
nriiis lie
'l'"-li''>- till- lall.M' pircanlM,|l -liullld
nc.-ii'cii-d. I'sprclaiiv in ca
i^ nnkiiuwn. 'Ih
'II nil acciinnl lie
•>•'■- w liiTc the can-,, uj' dcaU
• ' animal iiia\ I
i> I'l' cxaiiiincd II
tw.
I nllf ul'
['"■-Il li'n>. • 1 ir/ini /
It llii' ruinicr It will
l/inff (III /In hiicL.
need lu 1
IT 1 L' ' (III till' .\iili
Iru- I.
u alliiwi'd lu dti
mn-^rlo ill I lie an
'li'' kiiir«'. li-hi alun- ih.' middle 1
iii'Hi-' taken t
'"■ I'K'I'lM'd ii|,. III,. |-||„,f
'p tu cacii -Idr !.\ niitinL;- tiic
iilM!--. An iiKJsiun i> llnai iiia<if witji
ill'' "I' 'lie l.flU. care
I' a\ uid ciittiiiL;' an\- ul' il
If liuwfls: tliaf
a iviiii., ,.> iiia.ic lu cut truiii llic Hank ncailv t(
l.'iO
I ' tiiimtri/ nil nil iil.t
tll«' I'.Hk liiilic .iml tlic ll;i|,-. |;iii| l):i( L. Ilir l.iiucK \\ 1 1 1
I Ih'II III- III \ h\\ . 11
!'■ >:i\\ r;i|| I iirii \,r w^rii In .s;i\\ li
'^^'•'•ll 111" lliml li-v, |||||> l.lllli:.. Ill, .111 tiill In III,. ;.inll||(|
lir-^liic- n|.,Mili;- 11)1 111,- |„-|\ |v, ij,,. s;iu r:iii ;iKn !>,' MmmI
on lllf llli-~, illlllii- III, III lii|,|\\:i\ l.,-l
Imiif iiinl li;lck ; li\ llll iii'^ | |i,' -:iu ,-(| |
Willi Ihc 1)1, -ist
III rr iilll I Im' III
(•;l\ il V is i\|inv,.,l :iii,| il> cniihiiU iii\icu. \lu:i\ s (III
t lilnii^li I he >kili iliiil iiill>clf> li,-|.
1 1' ii'-i 111: I he >,i\\ I III a
ail.
nil
:iiiniial l> nil iN si, I,-. nift'iMaiils its I ii;lit side,
•ll'' ;i'"l -11 slmlllil lie n{>,'|li'i .,;,i| Ihr nils s;i\\,.,| ,■!,,>,.
1" 111'' ll:il•l^ ami liirasi Imhhs. ih,. scimn^ i fiiin\ cil. liius
<■\|lnsi||^ ill,- ciiliii' Iiiiil; ami Imw d cas ii ics; w lien if
iiin\ ill- III,' |,aii n\ ,T 111,' ii|i|iiT 11111- 11 sli,,ul,l 111' mill,', ',1
wlii'llicr Ihe iiim-i siiii;,, ,. ,,f ti,,. |,;i,, |,.|iin\,-,l liad
ailllcil'lj In I -KiW II In I hi' lull".
Il Ihr ilisras,- airi-iliiiL;- llii- a'liiiial was kimwn. mil
llnsr liails alli-rll'il I
III''" !"• r\ailllllril; ll is. |in\\c\ cr,
liclIiT In i'\aillllir till' I'liI ill' lin,l\ .
I»ia\v mil 111,' lii^ ^iii -iv;,| ,.,,|mi ;,,|,i ||,||,,i,i jt. thru
tlif small iiilrsiiii,-s ;iv lar ;i> |,nss|l,|,.. lim,^ i'\|Hisiii^- tiic
im'si'iiii'is. ii> 1,1,,.„| M'ssi'U ami midrs, w h irli shmild iic
cxaiiiiiii'd; ihi'aih,, i-mii;ii||||;M iuicsi mcs avr draw ii mit
i\<a llll' liark. All
I'l' :i raii'l'iil I'xaiiiiiia! inn nf all tii
parls llii'\ arc ml Ihrmi'^l
1 at tiii-ii altachim-nts and
ll'llln\ I'll
'll ••atlli' ami sh,',-], ih,' sininach shnnhl he rt'inn\t'd
and i'\aiiiiiii'il liis|. ih,. ihi,,! ^inmacli ami cnnteiits in
iri'|i lii'in- sniii iiii/,»,i tlior-
t-atllc and llif rniiilh in s|
ou^lilx. Wlii'ii llll' simiiach ni a I
I hnis,' i> ii|ii'm'd \\h'
(j nam 11 y nf I ml s i.rcscni shniild lir imntimit'd in tl
ic notes
ffolllilll/ II I',, si ]fl>lfl
r;i
kept; |j|»'«li;,'0.sti\f liilx- s||,.u|.|
Olllai-CIIICIlls (.f tlir M 1 \fNScl-
• •xiiiiiiiii'd Ini I ii|iiin .s,
ItdlM'ss (,|- lllilckllCSS
rSljrilS <.r illll;llnMI;ll|..|l , sl,.|.|,;|n,.s. ;,1|,| XNnlMI-. ll
I'-r iii;i\ I"' ill the l.c.url ••, 11
11
!>■ >|iifi'ii. \\ hirii i> alia
I'llfil In I lie sinl
II' hit
IMcll. >l|i>lll(|
"• ''^'I'mird; ii sli,„iM !„■ s .„|,al «.|a>li.'. i.lai
I h'' iiiii>i Jiil III' a liii^iT.
|ilii;li-lilll-' In led: || ii>||;
II I Mi,'
:ind lie ni \ |,i|,.| lih
ill\ \\fi;,'lis alMiiil I \\i
I
ic ciilnr. ap
ImiiiikU.
II' li:iiirira^ liia\
111' ii\ frlMnkcd mil
It In s( iiiH'i\ lial t ri:
(■•-> iiiii' Is caifliil
"11(1: ll is of a K'ddisl
iiiuular 111 sjiapr. \\.-i-|ii,|m al„,iil
line
I iiraiii cciinr.
ri
If kidiM'\s uci^hl j;
111'' l<i':i\ i<'i-. arc I'cddisli li
.iiv Inl.iilah'd. 'I'll.. I
and •_'.". (.iiiiccs. Ill,, li^iii I
inw 11 in cull. I . th,,^,. ,,r calili
'iiiii,'
i\''l' 111 llDlM's \\r|M
is aliiiiil I I
"iiii'ls. and is ni' a s,,i,d i.iuwn r,,|,,r. and
Id Is \|.| \ riial>|(
ii<'iii.i,^ (•asil\ (■iii>|i,.,l i,y ll,,. lin-iTs. ll' ll
'iilalioii h;
!<• \ I'llnlls (.11
Is lircli l||||)|.di.|| ill I
(■•'lllci i.r each liiliiil,. « ill |„. led.
i^iccii ill ci.li.r. ilii> is 111,. Usual ai
ic hcail and lim-s. th
llii- iiiar^ins \|.||n\\ ,,
ir I here has 1
'iK'aiaiict. allcr death.
K'cii acli\(. Ii\(.r
Clilll^Csl llijl I
ajipfar iin.ltlcd: if. 1
II' li\ cr wil
ii»v\c\ cr. ihcic ha: h
ll;
iiiiiiiali..ii I.r the li\,'i' it will |„. |,.|i
•('II ac|i\c ill
III riilnr. X
liladd.T uiil 1),. rmiiid ju H,,. i,,, ,..,,.. 'ii,,. i,,..,,,
shniiid he fxaiiiiiicd, lookiii'' at ll
" Kal
Icctii and iKi.sl lils
and ricck
II' lli\ ii.id -lands. Ihc
'11
n' sexual and iirinai'.\ or-aiis shuiild 1
l"i' siMiie 111 the 1. ladder. ,.t(... pus in ih.. k
II ■ 1 1 inked ii\ ,
idlieys ()!■ lileriis
( Wnllll
'11
"' inn-sand heart should mdw he canM'iill
""•'■""' <• '"''•••i of the perieardiiiiM i th itsid
y exainiiieil,
e Cdv-
.!• .uar. ,. .iiiu iuen liie iiearl its,.ii, r„iu(ed
IP
t- ii
'■'- Vrliiiuiinj KlnnriitH.
<'l!l<'«'l>in.->un..-li,nr.s t,,,,,,,! ,,. |)„. |„,,,,^ ,,, ,.„,,,. , ,^^,
i«'i.«s;n..„..M HMM-I..,. tlH.i, .■uv..,n,j,.slK.i„;,VMv .;„,-
fi'llx I....K.-.luv.-r lur i„||„..siu„s: .s,.v,.n,l .•ui. |..,r.H,u !>,.
>l...ul.llM. ,M.,|.. inll... li....:,'>I.M|........ „MMlin.H.,s. ,n,ih.,
(PIIS) ,„• |,;n,l,.|H.,| >,„,,,. H.ons..Ii.l;,|i..M-. Tl... Im,,|,|,
"'"'*" '"'" ""• "i.-s.-nt..r,V. lM.t«,...,. llH.|Mn;;.s-,l (|„.
-'''"""-"' ""■"'H.|,„|,... ,ln.>,. ;,| U,.. I,,,U ;,„.! si, r
""•I'lMinvS. intlH.a,.M,.ils.,Ml;;r..in. ,1,,>M|.„UM||;„N
'""' ■'■ -^'l'^^"v;;la.MKs|„M,|.| .11 |„. ,.,;„nMM..|. ,1,,.
'•'"'''' ''" '"•'"- '•"• '"'". il' <-"!;,r;,.,.,|. an.l a rlMTsy
^'•tl\ ,„:,h.,ial r.MMMl. lulM-,n,l,.Ms .s|..,til.l Im- m,s,„.,.„.;i
'nH'sI:Mkn,:u, ,:,r..|> L.sti,.,.. lo ,.xa.nii..' 1 1.,- Ii„,l.> ;, n.l
'"■""• "" I'"""'- lm«,.v..r. in ,.,>..> ..f ,|is,.,it,Ml !;„.,.•
•"'"' ^'""'''' ' ^Ml,li,H•.l. ..s,H.n;,liy II... IhtK^. |;„..,;.i
•'""'•■'-'"• ^1'''"' '•""«■>. ••""i" .■.(..! IHln.-k JMinK. .„,
■SIMM,,. M.l.. hu,M-s. .s|.|i„ls i.lHJ lil,:;lMMH.S. ,,., „ ,1 n .1 V
^'"'■^' ' '"■ I'M,!., m all iIh- icsiuns rouiHl.
'II \!'ii:i; \i.
SIMPLE FARM MJ;DICINH5.
""•"!' '"'I.'l.' Mn.k.iM,, VMll h,,v.- llis<.lH.sl n( „„.,li
'"...>(..,■ his sln.k. „.,( uiihth.. i.|..:M.IIn,,til.-ni.Ml,
'"■''''■'>"""-•'"" I'"IIh. iMMpn lrn....|i„^-,MM.N'pr.lr.l
'■""•''' ^ ""•' '"'• ""■ ll.:llnM.ul .,1 M,.,|.|.. .ilM.MM.s.
"••I'"iv iinv pcrs,,,, ,.;„i 11... or pi,..,., il,,. m.-liri,,,.. inirlli
.U'.-nlly i( i< <.ss,.„ti;,| ,i,;.l il,..v ,nM|..r.s|aii.i li,.. ;uiinn.
">Hl.lns,-Su|th,,M. nH.ll.l.T.: nut unlvisif ..vs..„l,;,| |h;,t
lli.'slnrkni.in kiM.u v,,,n.-ll.iMi::,I.uMt iii,..li,-i.,..s, ;n„| i),;,,
-..Mrllniiu u..|i. I,,. inuM :,!.,, I u , I,.. |,..., „„, ,..,,■
pninu Mirl, ,n..,li,.MM.. Th.. k.-,lH.l,,| ,!„• n,:,!,.., i.llMt
"'"■ -'"'■l^iii.ni mii.i l„. ;,:, .inim.il n.irse In i, ■,■ ,.ri,ri..„|
"'■'^"" "'"•" '"- ^'"'1^ ■■»•■ ^i<k. M..,ll.-,„... ;,,-.. nl-.,.,,
"■'■"^""■'' ^"•'■"I'llliU In Illrll ;irt|,„,.. .,„.|, rk,.. |„.|n-
-''•■" •' 'li^liiirliN,. iKun... TIh. iihlHs ,,r .,,..|, ;, H.issiir
'"""" '^^" •""•'■-■'■M. r. ^., ;,„;,„|l.i;,l I > sH-k . I |,.. n« „.•!
"'^""''"' ''■■'"^'"''ll'M,.. ;, .p...,ll,.,|,„..„rl, ;,sir
'^^"'^'^'■'' '" "-'^^ l"Mlr. l;, ,„„,„.. nv., II,.. IkI n|.|,u-S
'" '"^ '^"' ■''"""• '•l"-l !:<• ivin-MiilMi, thai 1,,. 1,;,.;,
''"'-""''■'■"'"' ^' '""!'■ ^"""1'. ^WMl MM.. ,1. uIh.,,.:,s1,;,.|
'"•'"" '""''■'■^' I ""• "■"" I'MMc ,1,.. a„inMl svnul.l
li;i\i- IiimI (m ^,, iiiitivainl.
Sr\ ..,1 ,-ki>s,.s nf ,1,,,^. u ill |„. ,..,nsi,l,.|v,l an.! .-Mnnpirs
-''■■"■li,-M..,i. lln.lirM livrairuvn-r.-ills .u..,, int,.,„ally.
■'■'■ '■'■'• '"" '■'"■"'.- illl.lHlr.l Inr .•Mrriial UM. nnh.
•n
HIH
- ^^ir^>i^
."tT
umM
!*■'
■'-m
b
M
l.'J4
Vctcrliiiini Ehiiirtils
I. Stimulants. Iiidri- ihis ,■!:
wliicli h:(\(. til,.
iss arc 1(11111(1 incdicii
ics
"'\MT 111 ('\(jt
;icli\ il\ (if ai
1 "i-aii. 1 Iic\ si
<■ Ml' iiicici.sf llic \ jfal
is
proiiij.l hut only iciiipd.aiT
iiiiiilalc ill Cacf. 'I'll,. if acti
(III
siidii jiass dii'.
"!• Ilillisicilt. tjicii- (.|rccl.>
Al
<''ili(il ill the s!
l;il'<' "f \\|iisk,.y. hiaiMJy. lUIll. ot(
aillliioiiia; sweet spiiits ,i|'
II
•vaiiijiles (if I
iili«': till pciiliiie: e(iri
• '<■. arc
ili'ler sonic e\|
lis class, their us,, would he Jiisti(ic(l
lacl Ml siicli cases I
"I' lllll.li- lldlllih
i:iiisiiiii.- w(ul<. siicli as a hard d
ii\i'. Ill
I'll' use will often head olfaii altaok
2. Tonirs. j'
I"" '"llic laiiiiU- is a I
Hiat is the ni(jst useful ot' all
ii'^'e one. and on
t'l the slockiiiaii. 1
'"-^ "■l.iss are included tl
>ccailse 111
'<• ;ricat naliiral iiiedieii
les:
irodd |oo(
I'liK- air and water, proj
exercise. A III
IKil he fol^olleil th
"Men coiiihined with tjie a!
'er ^rooniin'^ and
""i-h olher Ionics arc iiiciKioiicd. it must
" ""'ii- use will only lie protitahjo
III! dru,n:s of this kind
liai
n>'»\ e liieni ioiicd t(
ii< — iron in one of its t
nics. I'sc-
orins; ('cii-
' '■""': <|niiiiiie; hliieston
\oiiiica; al
■Ic. T
acl ion hut are pen
'lie appetite and hlood
e > copper sulphate i: mix
I'liics arc soiiiewliat slow in their
iiaiicnt ill tlu'i
the cut
lie sysleiii. The |o|
lesiills. they improve
<ii'ciilatioii and tiicrch.rc tone up
IS a
111^'. or i>oii-las mixt
ni<'
I''''"'"' '""''• '"i- '"Wis: Sulfuric acid
pcias n oiini
iMiiiwaler I oiiiK
es: civ,
'ii h (jllalts of tl
le ilriiiUiiic- water
iMincc. co|-,-
ii lahlespooiit'iil
lot <'olds it is \,.rv
3. Purgdtives. -Jhis class of d
liil to I Ik slock
iiiiis are especial
i\ i.sc
man hecaiise h\ t!
I'li'd to rectit\ mislal
icir aid I
H' IS ot'lcii ena-
"''■^ III Iccdiiic- oi treatment. i
111'
I>lr I
iinii
Mel
icnuH.
l:
i;:ifivos ad ii|M)ii llic liowt'ls aii<l aiixiliiiiy oi-fjaiis. and in
lliat action juir^f tlic (■■itiic syslciii of iiijinioiis lualciial.
■|'hf\ cause iiicicascd action of t he liowcls Itv st inniiatiiitr
the
howcl iiioNciiicnt 1 |)ci i>iai>is
cause an ()iit|(ouiinj(
if tinid from tiie bowel walls, oiiiiev ina\ liin<ier tlie
alisoijition o!' lluiiis. as a ci.ii.se(|nence th
((llUll
IS more watciA
lian usual, or if a slo|ipa^(> lias occurred,
it is ( \crcome. The milder pur^at i\ cs aie ollen termed
la\ati\es, of wliicli tii(-
loiiowni'
are commonlx nsec
liran masie'S. ^icen food. sui|diur. inolasso. small doses
of raw linseed oil. epsom oi' ^lauliei' -alt-
Tl
H' j)urj,^a
tives iii general use for farm stock are alo<
of ma,i;iiesi;i ) and raw linstcd oil.
4. Anodynes comprise the piiu i-elie\ii
>pasm. and ipiiet iier\ons excitement: such are
s: salts I sulfate
!"• class, nlax
lorm ol
loultices and f(unentat ion-
.1(1
warmlli
a])plied
• \ mer.ns of ice or \cr\ ( old 'Nai
iiei'. s\\( et sjdrits of nitre,
lauilauum. aconite. 'I'iii> class of dru-s re piires more
care in the um- of iis inend)er> than ])rol)al)ly any of the
It I
others i)revionsl\ mentioned.
5. Anthelmintics
a verv uselul
Use the sto( l<mau is euaMcd to rid \\h
class.
Hoc
as
leir
of internal iiaia>it(
4<'nerall\ tiMined
ndiitics ma\
I)
'aid tl
.ill
ind exiM
woiin>
worm-
l>v ti
and herds
Authel-
cxamples
are iron sullaie
-copperas '. copj)e|- sulfate i lilucsloue
ci.mnion salt, pumpkin seeds, gasoline, hen/
lie
l^crosene
feoal
I on I. creoliu. santonine. turpentine and aloes.
6. Vesicants. 'i"he memlieis ol
are suited I'or external use
this f
imilv of driiirs
tant and will
raise l>
list(
onl\ ,
iielic
as llie\ aie
\<'iv irii-
thei
r name, from the
r
atiii. \ es
ica, a lili-
ler: Spanish tiy , cautharidesj, bi
mo-
l.'Wi
diili' (if I
VH:
f'-iiuin/ Flnnents.
iicrciiry, ;iimii(irii;i wntci'. t
^Uw^ acids ,„• alkal
cases IIk'v cvfii d
in'iiciitiiic. iiui wat
cr,
H'>. Iicli.li-- (,, 11, is ,,|:
is^. Ill Mini,
CSl l(l\- ( ISMI,.;
7. Antiseptics. I I
IIS cla
liotll I
iiiiiiaii and \(.|,^
»> oldin^s lias ic\ulii(
l.lv
iinai\ siii-viy and
' Mf class of nit'd
ICI
as liaiidsuinc a pr.ilii in
ii«'s Ihal w ill pay
i'liiizcd
iKTc is prolia-
tlif Nluidvinaii
I heir 11,-
•<■ as
<'oiita.^i(iiis (1
<<> hand
iseasfs and uoiinds l.cci.inc h
<■ " iiiilis,. plies aiviixd jilcnlirnlh.
" ill the anli.vpli
cs.
tlic stc.cUinaii shdiild nf\cr 1
drills he exhausted. ]■'
■I hi-
^s t'niinidalile
«i>nse(|iientlv
-apply ol Ihcse liseldl
and
'iliinately the el;
ii se|,.,.tinn can !„• made niiit,.
i>s Is a lai'u
e one
nieiii'ieied that iiian\ oil
•■^i-^ily. It niiisi he
!■(>
not he left wheiv child
Ih
lelll ai'e piiisdiiKils. li(.|
lee liillst
t'l-e are. Iii.\ve\
<'I'. Milne cij I
iialU. sii'di. 1
■•'11 or aniinaU can -et at ti
"■"I that ina\ he used int
leiii:
er
Hi\\e\ (.]•. si I
rian's direct inns, j
d lie Used nnd
"lacie acid, ci
<niT()si\e siihl
male (!»i clilnrid
at
«' <'l polash. tai'. hliiesi
<•!■ the \cteiiiia-
«'"lin. caihnlic acid,
•■-•lineiciiiy I, perinan-aii-
iise, and )i
■ iii'e aniisepiics in
le list i,»
cninniiiii
these tl
le \an()ns pidpiiet:
nnstanlly hein^ a.Jded i.,: l„.sid,
market. mk'Ii as chl
■"■'i'-les tn he tniind (Ml Ih
'"■" 'i^iphlJK.Ieniii. -ciniol.
JtDssess antiseptic p,,,|
cities I,
Antiseptics act h\ d
/elKpleniii
a .ui'calcr or los de. ,!■,.,.
•■slid,\ in- ticinis. thci
or ari-esiiin: pntrefact
"■l'.\ pre\cniini
ion
ma\ he Used
gots round .ni the h,,d
'"' ■"illiii.i; .siicli parasit
'olile nieiiiheis of this \\
iinilv
»■> as hcc. ti
cKs. mat
'I'
"'s of farm aiiimah
le aclKMls (.f dllicr d|||.
S lia\C alsii sel'N'ed
liiem. e.
increasing; th
medicines actiii
lo i;idiip
"II the kidne\s. tl
'■ "ii'i"' are lermed Din
h'Wt-r tlie temperature of the hod,
lercli\
l<-ties; I hose ihat
as in levers, eic..
S'linpir I'diin Mt (Urines.
arc tciiiicd I'^chiiriiiics; tl
His»^ ovorcoiniiiu- aciditv arc
tfiiiHMl aiilacids: aithmdisiao. iiicdiciiics ii
icicasiii'' s<'X-
iial dcsii'cs: finiiiciiai;ii^iii-s. iiicdi
liiM's said lo hiiii^r on
i>c>ti'iiiii or Ileal .' : ai
of classjlicaiioii ii>cd.
<■ also illiisliatioiis of tli(. iiit'thod
THE FARM STOCK MEDICINE CHEST.
'I'lic clicsl may lie iiiadc of wood, lilted
111! aeeoidili
lo 1 lie art ie!e> ji
\\ ill coiitaiii. A -ood lio\. tlwee feel
Ulu'. two feet wide and t wo feel d(
•'■11. Willi a lid we
liiiiL:cd on and jiosso-sini;- a uood lock, will Mifllee. T
ll.S
l'o\ can lie litlel ii|i with >lie
\ es
and a eonple of draw
• ■I-, lor coin cnienee ii niav he fastened
HI a wall and
Ilius take shape as a rn|>lioard. 'i'lie follow iim dose (ali
and rules slioiil
d lie l\|iewiilien or iiiinted and pasted
i|i on the inside ot' the chest do;n-
.\ full <l(,.so
ilt
A luiir<l(i>('
at
i:. In :;
yea IS
A
d
■■; .\(ai-^
and up
Ill
- vears
I to 1-
t i
illiiiilor ; ()tH--.iu'lith iiiu-sixti (Mill
liois,...
■■; .\(ai-^
and up
< ow .,
- .vears
and lip
1 ' \ r;i|v
a n 1 1 n 1 1
n
I'i-
!•"> mil.-,
and lip
s
h
diisc at (1
to Is
., to 'J
• iiiljis nhinlli^
> to Is
Kinl Ii-
to j.-
onth
it I'lrtii up
ii liirth ui>
It liirlii III)
It liirtli up
N. B.-»/, Keep .ill l.ntlie- t itdl t I.V e.irketl.
//. All 1. 1, Mil - lim-I lie l':ii.i |,.,|, , -p, ,■!.•, 11\' I
tailiiiiii jioi-cili-
lO-f coil-
Alw.-iys read the iaiirl na llie luittl.' In!
an.\ o| Its rolltellts.
'/. Hi' spailiiiT \\ illi dniL's.
ore n-iiiir
l»o not leeil roiiiiitiiiii powder.^, in-te:id n-c the iiat-
iii'.'d tun
li'S. ljimmI
llMllI,
air. w.iter. . xenj-e. all t(
on I ( uii lat 1 \ .
i;],s
Vitrriimry Kli mriils.
The Chest .sho,.l.i...mlai., tin. C.Howi,,.. ,i, , ,j,„, j,,
sfrmnenls: « '••olin nr son... ,^..,„1 suM in.l,, I n, ; ,„|,v„e
••• ""'^"<-iM. iu.nn. :i ll,s.. ,,,, |i„„,.,, „i, , ,^^,|,^^^_.
'"-'l--'^i"^-'. "l..:a,n,n,.,n:.wat..r. s,„UM;srssv.M.t
siHnIs ol ,„(,v. > .„„„■..>: p„w.|..nMl sul.:,,.. of in.„ 4
;;•'■'••-: l:H..|:„n„n.s,. „,„.,.: „„.,„.,„„..•. 1 II,, ,.i„, ,;„,
- n>- .-an: •_• „„„..,.> of I.Hm,.,-. hiniu.ii.l.. of MM-rnnv l'
I'''y-l..ll,s, „,„„,, ...,,. ,>,....„.,..,, Lnwalnnlk
•"-, a lioMM.... n,..as,nin;; ^,,..luah., ^h.ss: on.- .a,,!,.
'■'""■"''''•^'■''''-^''•I'-,. ,....•,,.,• sv, in... <,,... I. ..,,„,..
'"'■■•'"'••--> 'i-'^.a.Hl a ^.assn,nn..l. Tl.. ..,>,i,v lot
<-^'"l."s..nnv.lata,„.„|,.,.a,. ..„>,. „ ,. ,„„ ,^,^^^^
t" '<••<■!• In.-.. .,nan,„H..„r, In,., on lian.i. as th.-v spoil
■•a,...liy. l'.-i..n..ldn,.sn,ayh.. ..onv..nn.n,ivk,,, i„
J^'issln,i.,,a.s. Tin. hons,.hoi.l kitHn-n uiil 1,. apt to
f'";';""""^"''- ""-"-> =""1 '-1-n^ so.ia ifo,...asioM
sl-Ml. ans.. ,0,. „H.|,- u... „■:. .lass .,a.i„a.,. is not
r":'''"' ""■'•'"'- i"^<^"'i'-"t-|i.ival..n,s .,11 tak.
tin' placi-:
OiK' winc-lassliil isr,|nalIo
<iiinc<'s.
''"'■'''''''■^I "'"> i>''M>'al toon., hair onnn.
^"""''■'"•'"^1 '""I i^<-|naMoiw,,, i.inuns
**"•' '•''"! '""I isr-inal lo nn.- Ihiid .Iran,.
.'""'■"'" ''-"""v.'.M..nl (., n.nH.nilM.r thai siMv .Irons
':'"""" ^'"■'■""•^'''-1 i' li-.l -Iran. ,:;,.an.l ,.ij,t
""'■ Mii.l(.ii.' lialfi I I . II, lid
fluid .|,anis in a li
Uid oniici" . - )_
ACTIONS AND DOSES OF MEDICrNES.
Aceticac:id,au..ak.o,n,or.hnhi..i,M.,.,, ;. „s.nd
'"^'Pl'lytoua.ts. an.lasanantnlo...,o:,lkali..s.
SItiipIr Fiirm Mxliriiics.
l.-^O
Aloes is (ho purji.itivt' in {^ciUTal use for (ho lu>rs<'
'I'
Itcst \;irio(v is (liiit Uiinwii iis I'.aibiuh
al(
11
vol-
liiowii in ooliir. and wIk-m lnokon shows a sliiiiv Cracdnc
In
I small doses a loos is a Ionic, in tho (Initl (oi'ni i( usod
to ho appliod to wonnds. lor a lenijtorarx drossinj^ in oold
cliniatos. oqnal parts o|' tino(nr<' of aloos and (iiiotiiro of
hi\
rrli i
s vorv nsoliil.
Aloos (ako istoi'l lionrs (o act.
or lonuci' doi)ondin^ on (ho
Sl/O ol
no (lose.
tiio food of
tin- animal, tho hrood of tho animal and whothor workod
or not
It
daiii;crons diiii;- to ropoat a doso of insido
if forl\ oiLiht to sixty lionr
WllOll
over possj|,l(. tho horse
shoidd he ])r('|iarod for tho physio. It innst ucirr ho
used for maros w hon in foal, or for horsos sntVoriiig from
distompor or Inn^' t ronhlos.
The doso is four to ton drams either in a iiall or soli
t ion
'I'
lis <liii;;- can host i)o ohtaiiu-d in tho hall for
in
iVom ono"s voterinarian. When proparin^^ liorso.s (o ^o
iii(o wintoi' (piartors. or Jnsl pre\ i.;;;s (o Ii((ing for sprinj,^
work, aloes have a i)onoli<-ial o(l'oo(.
Bluestone > copper snlfato i is a ^ood astrin^ont and is
often used in casi'S of font rot in shoepand cattlo: in (hrush
in horses, or to ajiply to pidnd th-sh (oxcossivo ";runula-
(ions
in d(
Internally it is nsod as a tonic or antholiiiiiit
le
thirty to sixty grains tor madiro liorsos and
ca((lo: when nsod oxtornall.\ tho strength varies from full
stronuth dow n to a snlulion eontaininj; live ^I'ains to (ho
onnco ol water.
Creolin is a prodnct ohtaiiiod from coal tar, and is ii
^ood antiso])tic. It mixes well with wator. inakinj; a
milky white solution, is used oxtornally with from ton to
Ii II ei>li 1IM rl s . il \i !iti'r
I,
140
Copperas
1 'rl,
Sllll-llc 1,1
Initrji I'htiinit.s
lion . is ;i (
(ImsCv. ill
■.W'v (
ilr: i
■^'•> II <'nMs|i|,;ih.s ami I,
"iii<' ill >in;ill ifpcid
■^ l;ii;i;cl\ 1).
'■11 ill l>l
■IIS till' ;lj)|i
and Is ri.M|||,.||||y Used
i<'->^ ' aiiciiii(
HlllJI
inns,
St'l'il lllral ii is I
ilcrs. r
Is a \V(iiiii I
"'■'II' iiif: next lo liii-
K' iaii:f>i rMiiviiiiK.iii
If iiii>(. |>
'' '•"iKlilimi now
:i\<'ii (ui(
'"'III olir li.ilt I,, ,,||.. ,1
''ail\. It sliMiiM |„. I,
lain ill 111,, c,,,,,!
l)on
I', as III,
:iir Inids i
•|'l ill a "cll stn|,|,ci(
lie lor (1
" -l"'il It. Ii is ;i n-
i-iiiliTiiii- staM,,... ns,.,l at tl
'•llli lllll Isc
lo ;i u.illoii
H' l;llc III' II
oi «;il..|.
|>oniiil
Epsom Salt
s I siiliaic i,r
i\c lor caiil
iiia-n.'sia i is ll
ainl slii.|.i,. ( ,
to ll
'■a\\ iiiilkiTs ii
I'M-II illsl
II' I'olllllloli )(III'
I't'iiiic (•al\ini'
I'ailniicni
sail ami
.1 llscllll
par.'sis : u slii,,||,| i
.^III.UI'l'. OIIC-I
l'"-M'iili\.' of milk tc\
"■ '■"iiil'iii,.,! will, ,.,,,,,,
cr
salts.
'Ill
"llllll ol racli I
" on,. ,,|- (I,,, ,,
Hon
isiilil
(■ llos,. f,,|.
I'OW s Is nil,, till
^'V """'•'■V ll shulil.l li,.,l,. .,,],,,,
"o |ioiin,ls: sli, .,.,,. I
"I \\ai III ual
III Ollf III' 1
••I ami -i\
I'll as a ilri'i
p. to T to
\\o ,|iiarts
'a' as a l:i\aii\,. for t
iisi'il in oiii. ii, 1
ICll.
allsaio a!'
'■^ orish coiidii iiiiis in I
lolsc
Ammonid wdte
ami 111, mil l.li^i,.,-^. i-j.
ll'oo oiiiic,. ,|,
r lii|iii.r ami
o lis,.
IH'IIM'
lor 1
lis IHIIplisc
noma is ns,.,l
III iiiiim('iit>
<'||iial pails iiiam
it may l.i' mail
'■ •""" i'l liiiiim'iii consist-
of
""""^'- ""l"'iiIiiM'an.l lau lins..,.,| i,il.
!■ loss SC\ |.|
till' o||i,.| (Ini^s. It
I' l',\ llslll- III,, I
IS a llscllll
I' oil ami li'ss ,,(■
ami call
•'. ill sjirh
< 'a SI'S al« a\ ■
milk, lau
i-li
li oil Of |.,,|,1 o
''■'I.- ill liloalilio nl'sli,-,.;
'"■'"y \v,.l| ,iil||I,.,I will
nic
'^o 1-- "He III si\ ll
1. 1 ins.
-ime vvdtcr
1^ a llsrliil
ti
on ol \niim; anil
''ii'.~- •■s|MTially in III,. in,i
mcs
iials. ,||||. (
o o\ i.niciii,,..,^ ,||' ,
II' <iam s
Siiiiplr Fiiriii Midi
I (1
milk. Ill coll.- >||
iiw IIIl; :I need nl iiulic luiMliim- Illlltrri;
it is ;i llM'tll! ;|(lilincl III IJH' tccij. ll
l> 1
.llfii. Iiv I:ii<
|llitf easily l»rf
iii:^ :t |>H'(c u| liinr iVr^Ji . ami iiiitliii:'- it
mill a ualiiiii n\' w ni
il<T. let viaiKJ fill a I'rw (la\ n. k
llir iiiilllc w I'll nil ki'ij, 'ill,, rlt-ai- Miilll
■l.ll
iiiii is iiM'd
111
IM"' III llllf III I'l
llijiia! jiail'^ III
III- ollliccs I w.i ,11' 1 liirc I iliir> ij;
-lllljilc
i'''il'^ "I' liiiii' \valci' ami lau Iiiis,.,m1 nil nial'
'iliiii- a|i|i|irali(ii' im Imi n-. in ail aiiiiiial.-
k<' a
Linseed oil i ^
i^ a \ <'i> \ aiiialiU- la\al i\ c I
ur pi'..
ii'"il iii;iics. ll is mil. I III acliiiii ll' -i\rii ill imidcrat)
iliiso ami can lie icjicalcil \\ ji Ihmh ,]■),
>ii>iial diiM' III' llii> dill- will u. I I'l I uir all
A I
I occa
ick-~ id a/(itiirii
and >li>ckiim III' ll
ll- 1 imii>
Tl
ic diix' liir lidisrs i- line liair In and niie-lialt'
\vu iiiiii-; ■,iirf|i and |ii^s. six to
I'lIlK: call le. ulie Id I
Iwel
\ <• iilllice
I inseed lia\ seed
lea is a \ aliialile iiiiMJeiil in sick
iie>s and is iisi'd w iiii s,.|.aialiir skim milk fin- cab
I. inseed nieal, llie residue aller 1 1
le exi lact inn of ll
le
I'll, foiiiis I he I 111 Ik nrciimliliiiii imuders. which is tl
line t he ciisl lies! \va\ nf I
I ere
ii\ iiii; Ihis r.MJil.
Iduddnirm > I im inre nl
piiiin i is iililaiiied frnm the
[iii|i)i\ seed niiiii ai
d is laiiiclv iix-d
as an aiiiid\iie
It
l> I'iMisI i|.at ili^- ill its ellects. so is iisernl
111 sciiiiiiiiLj cahcs
:lllllllll^■ tiiiie
or lainlis. || is also iis,.d liy slie|iherds at 1
'"'■ <'^ves\\ith altei' iiaiiis: in ,•,,! , ases it is <'iiiiil,iiicd
« ilh sweet s])iiiis ,,r niii'c and wait ;•. In imxleratioii is
a stiinulanl to the brain and .s|iiiial cmd.
Iloi'ses and cattle lake tVom one to three ounce-: shcei)
and ])i,-s. two to six drnns. ircomhined u jiji warm oil
it is iiselnl till' i iill'iiiii.il ii.l.K.i^ .,,,,1 :.,..
^''t'liiKirii l-:i,in>,its.
Sweet spirits of nitre,, a.,,, „,., an.l .InnH,... an.l
:i:r ""^ '"^- '- -.-n...... .,„,.
IV '-"'''"^ ''''•'"'' '''•^'''' ''-'-•'''''•'■
Tu.pe.,tine ,...„..,.,„,.. „,„>, ,,..,,,1 m,..!,..,,,.. „, .h.
^^•"""-'- "—' -a. .,„,..,,.. a,,.,., „„„a„.:n..l
l"'Wiii,u- mlliicii/a.
=''-=•-■-'.!.• :nUMnn,,n..: app,...,,,.,.,n', Ms a S..V,
;;■'"";' '"':' ^"•""" ■— ■■ '"• ^-ti-^. n,;, s,,,.,,.,,, J,
— '->"-i will, nnv lias....,, ,.„„„„,, .,,,,, .^„.,^.,
•' I'sdul appji.-ali.,,. In,' ,li..|,„,atis
<>"•■ <<) Iwu <)i,ii(.,.s aif .'ix,.
'II III calll,. ail, I pins.
, , " lll'''lli:ill.\ In lin|s..s;,.atll,.
a><''<-...,o,,,..,,.,,....s:s,,....p.,,,.,,.,,,,,,,,.^,,.,^^„
'-^-v-. wHl.liiu,,.,, .i,h„a,.w. „ii,.,-,nilk
'7'^"/'''"^^ ■•'■"-'-- W.I.. ...i.i,;,.:',
. '•' "^.-<" '""^"■>: •^"lll<^^,ooll,s||li\■
";'""«■'■'-n.....„al..,|.i„ pn.,..„.,„.,. „. ,,, ,„,..,.;,
;'iri :"":":*■'•'" ■"•••" "■"'--."y,i.„.,ai„..ss
■""'"'"- "■— n-l.i,.iii,.s.,.nn,..,.„al,v.al,h..„,,.
- a..., sa,..,a.a,iv.. ,;„.,„.,.,„,,.,,.„ .^ ^, ,.,^, J,|:
.--i^-.wsan,l„,a,...s,„.,,.s..s,.,„,..„, ,,.nvo..,ice«
siK'opfak.-a hair, ,11,1, eat a ,l.,s,..
Tar is a.i,is,.p,i,.i„i,s ,,,„,.,, i,;^„„;^^^,^
^''■'■''-^•-''•'l-,-,>.nanvU.,,s..,.^.a,,,; ,,,,,;,,,,:.
iS'(«(y*/c runii Midiciitin.
1 1:
It liMs ht'cii iccoiiiiiuMMlfd ;is a |Uf\ I'lit i\ c of ^mmiI) in tli
Ik'ikI 1)1' slic<'|.. llif ilni- l)ciiii; ^iiicaic(| ori (lie inist
W
It'll ;;i\(ii JiiliMiially Ik.is,- and caltlf lakcliaK t(i t
\V(J
ciiinco snicaicd on I hi' Ichiliik
kerosene is i
iscd as an aiiliifliiiintic in Ikhncs. in di
111' twu Id cj^rllt onMcrs. i;i\(.il in twice I
niili< : if mixed w ilh water in I Ih' pi'
ic <|iiantity of
ipoii inn (if line to ten,
it i- a serxicealile leuiedv Inr itciiN tail in Ikusc
Ginger i> a nselnl stnniaeii
-tiinidant. and picv cnls
;iil>
Inr w liieli ica^dii it i> added t
n lini;;atives.
Dnse I'm- lidiM'S is one iiaif to one onnci-; loi- cows y,\w.
to I'oni' oniices: >lieeit one t(t I'oiir drains.
Ctirbolic Acid is nsed exiernully. one to (iltv jtarls of
water: it is tl
It' coinnion ant iseptic
inercut \' I IS a
Quinine and Whiskey are iaiuciy nsed as hracers lor sliecp
N\lifii at shows, anil are \ er\ iiselnl if these cliar^^'s of
I lie >lie|)iiertl arc a lut olV U-vd.
Corrosive Sublimdte ( perehloi iile of
ilcailly poison, allieit. a reiialile anliseptu'. added to
waler. one to one or two thon>aiid jiarts of water. It is
Ix'st procnreii in the form ol tablets, the same as ii.sed
for preserviii';- milk sample> foi' tin' composite test.
Another form of mercury is the red iodide, iiseil for
Misters, for which jMirpo^e it is mixetl with I'ruiii six to
eii;hl pails of swi
el lanl (M- \aseline
Poultices are ninch used in tliseases of the feet or for
painfnl wounds. The material used ma.\ he i)ran. tur-
nips. liii>eetl meal or spent hitps. ihe nurse will iiave to
adaj)! wliate\ er nia> heat histli^posal in oriier to apply
them, old liiimiy sacks or salt lia;,'s are sometimes nsed.
I ) i^ ,......,( ;.,! .1... .11
- '•'■'<: Ki jii iiini.^i, .liiu 111 liie
144
r</<
"'■'/ /,'/« //(/ II fs
ll';iiii| llv III (■;i>r> ImiI. I
\Mll
II ":illll wr.il hrr ||
I., >M||
'"■> IIIIInI iinl
I "I K'Ullllll I. II Ii,n |,
II- III- I I
!"■ lll.lilr \\n\-
I"' « oiiihI
■'■ I'll IM'I lllilll ' .11,. I. (I
<'lf:isr(
' .-''I III |"'|"ll."""li. Ill >1
IK' In Ihf il
'■'■"■"'"I ■lil'li"! '" III.' I Ilhr uill I,
nil i-a^r^ ;||
I IH|||('|. ,,
SUl'fl |IU|||| I,-,. |v |||;|,|
ill :i li'il CM JMilir a, id
ii'-''l'iil. A (I
p«»
nil InliK ,,| rli.-cv,. ,.|,,||
"'^1\ '' -uMlllKll,. ^MJlll
1 -Mia
<';lll
kcii
111 CI i|
isons ,ind ih«'i( Anliclolcs, |)
Hill.
Ih(. hil;
I IIU> ;ii|lllilli>|
'I I "" Il riiliciil
<'l((| III
iImvo Iii'I'iiIi
lllr
'■"""ll"ll "l"'^ air -|\ ril \v nil II
I'' |i"i^"ii^. a r.u t,\'
:iii<l IIh' aiilhl.ii,..
Aconite, ihal oNI i
II' ^\ iii|il(.iii> caiiNcd
I ii'lhi •■! III,. s|,„.k
iiiuii (.aiiN,. ,,f ,|,.,|| Il
."^S III|)|m1ii>. \ ;i
iiMii i^ :i \fi\ ,.,,11
liiii; Nciiimlv
■"""ll~ ll\.'.sl,„.k. ,i||,. ,,, ,,\,. ,,],,.,.
'■i"l''-:il M.iiiitnm. ivtriiiiiw aii.i
'" ''"' '111". It. .Inriciill hivalliiii-. ,|
"•■II iii;iik...|. ||.,,i||. al 111,. Ill, Mill
:Mri
''|>H'>^nm
All! III,. I,.. (
I. sui'aiiiii
■i\''Miii,iilaiit.. u|ii>k,.s. c.rr,.,. nil.raiHl,
1<''<'|' «:niii. l.iaiik,.| and han,!
nih.
Arse
IIIC Is -M.lll,.! Illl,.^ ||,
i"i-^«'N a daii-.'ii.iis iiH.|||n,| III (I,,. I
'■'' '" Mll|,l,,\,. III,. ,.,,||d
IlKHI of
^\ inpluiiis an
I'Mpnl ami ii
i:iniN iif ii,,\ j,.,.s. 'I'll
i<'K.\ paiiis, ,i,.|,|,.^si
"II. |.iils,. small.
'■''.^iilai. i>ivalliii|o- I, III ii,.d.
'iianlHia: if >|..u puis,,]
iiii;^ i> laki
art' piiH\ . ,.\ ,.s walcr
\\\
mill '^iiiiicliiii,..
ii.i^ pla,,., I h,. ,.\,.jjds
It'll \v,M k,.i|. and di'pi-..s,.|,,||
.\nli,|ni,.. Ship -w ill- III,., Ill
> and iiiiialil..: >Ii,,m n,... ,,|' i„,..^,|,
>.\i(li' 111' II
i.U'. ami -ivi' iV.'vl
"II "I' iiia-iicsia half
I SCS,|||i.
\val,'r: -i\,. >1 iniiilaiil-
p"iind (hiM-s ill war
ni
Ammonid VV.iter
jtain, sla\ i.|iii-' am!
iiii'iitli. ,lilli,.|||i\ in 1
ill iar-f iiii,iiiiii,.,i
|l"s,.> ,.aiis,.> i^i.,.j|t
I'a^i ii|o ,,|| ,,|' I
il' iiiiifiiii> 111
I ill-', if I lie
I l'Il'alllln^. cutii.
II. cliiikin- crircts
""• I'liiMui ma\ Drsni,.!!,.,! r,,j„i x[,^ i,,,..^,,,
Siiiijili i',1 1 III .)/, ,//
145
< i l\ !■ S lllf^;|| . iillr I
I. lit I'llll III ;| ciiiiiit of \v:il
Iflllipli llllrr. lliilcs-, I lir ^iiimikiI (miihoI ^
:iicr i>r
v\ :illn\\ : I hi'ii let
it IiiImIc lui'.il III' Ml .ii'i'l ir ;|r|i|
(orrosivo Siiltliiiicito i ;iii>i
'I ^I mii^ \ i||f;^;i| lllliio.
li<':ll |Mlli. |iili-iii^ w ill)
'i(|\ null iill- 1. , ( - .Hill .lil'li, nil 1,|1M||||||.. I 1
11- ^k I II (I ill I
i| iii.i>l. (
' i\ '• .!■- :iiil hImIi- |ili-iil \ III w liil.'> III'
iiiiN^ iir limn l^i iifj iiml ^i iiniJiiui .
C.irbolic Acid i iii-i> i In- i
ll'illl ll 1 mill- In ill- W lute ;|||l|
llll I
I. Ill lilf <l:ii k. ^Iiiilli.u. (Illlii'iih lir.Mlliiii-. weak
M'fiii-- ^1 II
I'lil, |.iilv|. Weak ami iiicuulai , |iii|.il- idiil i ai-tnl.
I -<• a> aiil nluli''- r|isiiiii ,ir -laiiln-r ^all-
I II II'-. w lull's 111 ('i:u-. ml ami -I iiniihiiiK.
Ill 1.11^1' i|Uan
Strvchnine m j
>m-mimi> iIom'- raii-i'- cmil iiiiU'il >|)aMii>.
I III' aiiiiiial Ih'Iiil; all I w i-iril ii|
a n-iill. (ii\i' I
II I'al liiiiu i> v|n|i]ici| a>
IIIJI' llu--l's 11
r s|nril- 111 I \\(i |i> ll
mim-cv iilrlilmal liNiliah- iii walcr, m liM ihi'iii ml
rlllm 111111111.
NVciter Hemlock m- w ihl |iais|ii|, can.
laic
Inaiii s\ iii|itniiis
ill I'ullli'. >|ia-i
|ia-iiis. emu iil>imi-,. w i|i| a|i|
iraiaiicr. SCCIliS
a'^ if mail. ( i i\
lU
!■ a laiL;!' ijn
-(' ill' i'|i-mi
< IIAI'I i;i; \||.
MODI: OF (ilVINd MnOICINH.
■^"'"'■■''^^""■^'1' ' •'" I — lilli.ul, „.,,,.. nH..!,,.,,,,.
'"• ""•"•' 'l"-'"H..,un ,„„.( iM-raMiMl tu ..n.. ,t ,„
>"H. :. u:,s ;.s„.;„n„,vll,.. ,m1,..„I as hul.. a^ ,,,...,1.1..
'""■' '"Il,.u..,|u„,, ,!,.. ^anun. ,a,,n annnal. (1...
sin...;,.., annnal. .M.iia. h„....san.l,„u.. n..,MM,.a<...r
'"""" "•'"■ "-"^'"" N.n,,|,., ,.,,,,,. ,,„, , I,, „.,„„..
(•(•.s.st|l|l\ .
''""-•■' ""■'■ll-'l <'l .l,..,i„.|„.,. tlH._y |„„.I 1...
i.ilo 111*. Iio.h .
M.'.l,..i„...,.,,.,;,|,„„i,„,,,|„.^^^,,.,,, ,^^ Il„.....l.a,M...is-
I. Through Jhe digestive trdct, .,. >„. 1, . as..> 1..,,,,. ,,iv,.„
''•'""• '""""'■ '"""■l'"'""n-w.l...>..l,v„..|,..>.M. halls
= ""' I'"'' '■'..•ll,lli, 1,\ ,,i|,.,.|i,.,i i„to ,h,. 1,.„,,.|
1. Ihrough the organs of respir.,tion. .a„M„.. tl,.- ,,,1
'" = '""'"'-""■ '!"■ 'i'"^. tl.is is k,„.w„ as,!,.. inl.aia.i.M,
' •^"'"''^"-"l'"-"-'Mlis..a>... asM,,,„^l..>,,.,.ll
iiiliu.l, ,<.(.(!
(lisU.IIll.t.,' ) ,.,■ \M,l|,,s
calves).
'" ""• -'i'- l'ass,-..s ,>ln...|. a...i
i. Through the skin, tl„. „„.,i,, , ,,,i„^. ,,,„,.,,,„.,,
""■--"•■ si.lMl,v,Mun. of,!,,.. ,l„. ai.>,„-,.,„.. ,„h1„„i
<l"-l,,.t ,.„...,, wl.irh,s..,„,,l,„..,i ,„,,„,,.„„.„_, ,^^.^^,,_^__.^
being ..M..ll,y Ih,. ^,.,.,i„,,,a„ Ul,..„..v..,. ,„.,,ss„.vllK'V
are: ( rn ,.,,„i,.,„,„,,||y. n.l.i.i,,.- ,„.,. .1,.. .u„ , ,.,,i,,,.,.
Miidi lit flirliii/ Midiriitr.
1 1:
till' il'll;^ lirlli;; :l|)|iliri| lllidi'i IIh' skm. til)' KiWrl Mini
M'liiii ;ii<' iix'il III llii> iiD'lliciiL <■ ' li\ |ii>i|i'niiir:ill\ . tln'
|pl;i(iii;^ nl Ihr diii;^ nr ■^fiiiiii iiinlfi llii' ^k\\\ or iiilu tlic
ll'^sllcs li\ llir Mill <i| llir l>\ |M>i|i-i mil' >\ llll'^i'. :il llic
|i|c>i'lil llliif llic |i| "ilfsMciiMil 111:111 ii~c^ llil> liii'llioil ill
I lie Ul\ 111^; <il '""XMiln'. nil n I ill 1 1 II', fir. . I III' I csl 111;^ III' Mil i
iiimI-^ \s nil tiilM'iriiliii Mini iiimIIi'Iii mihI v\Ii)-ii pn IhmiiIii;;'
|iii'\ fill i\ t' iiKif iiJMl mil lni liLifUlf;;. Mini in llif um' (if
^f I nil
(ilVll\(i Mr:OICINf:s TO HORSES.
1. Powders, il' iiul obifcl imiMlilf In lln- miiiiiimI. ihmv Im-
LjMfii iiitlif Iffd, w lif II ili>lM^lf liil iiiMS lif iiiixfd wilji
llliilMs>f> Mini lliMffll nil lilf liMck III Ipf tnll^llf U i I ll a
^1 II IT WOiilifll ]IMlil|lf. 'Ilif hltlfl \VM\ i^ M llicf lllftlllKl
111 ^i\ \wj, (liiiL,fs lo ImrsfN siiHfriii;^ w illi ^uif lliniMt, ftr.
2. Drenching i> tin- pIi! wmv nf ^'i\ Jul; liiii<l>. Mini is a
llM'I'lll WMV W 111' II JMIJ^f illlMlll il ifS MIC In I if uivfll. iiMck
lilf ImiM' ill M •^iii;;!f sImII mikI iMisc tlif lifMil lt,\ iiicMiiMir
,1 sImMi' I'nrU plMcfil tlinniidi llic imsf liMinl nf lin- lifad-
>lM!i i lialtf r 1. Ill- lifltfi' iM^^f M iiMiiif >!!M|i. liiifklf il,
I iui> iiiakinu m Iiiii|i. slip iiitu I In- iiioiitli jiisl Iimc k ul' the
tmiit iipjifr Ifflli. tlifii raise liy iiifMiis of a io|i(' or folk
iiiilil lln- tfftli Mi'f a litlif mIhim' llif liiiii/;iiitMl. Tlif
uifdiiiiif wliifli is in m tin. liMid nihiifi'. ur f\fii m stiun^
uiass iiiilllf or fiiiinfi. i^ poured in iVoiii llif olV side, the
pfivon dreiichiiiji stcMilies the licad with his lett hand on
the lieMilslall, wliifli should lie slack fnoiit;li to let the
nioiitli open, and slowly jiours in alioiit a Inilf cnid'nl at
li
If
attempts dt coughing aire mode, at once
I Is
\'< 1(11 mil II i'.lt
n">nil.suh,.„.li..,„.|n„::. I f il,,. ;,„m,mI ,i,
ifa<lil\ lick
lllr Mii.r u| I
■IS. I
'" -• Mill -.« all,
"■ lliulllli u nil ulir ,,!■ lUu li
I ■-! ilnr (■;
"II \\h- In, I ..-■v 1,;h k
I --IS ;i |.fi>MM l:i\ ii,._. 1 1
'■ humicIj iiia\ o,.)
'■"'""' '" III- 1,11 Mil.- l,x Ml.- |,:,1
"""- ^^••11 r"i\MiHl. iliau il,.. i
lead
'•'"•'' ^^llll 111-' iHillir in II,,. I lolii |,
and lii
plical imi 1,1 1 1
Miriii-iciii.
'•■' \\illi Ihc I. 11 liaiKJ
r
If a|i-
'"■ """•"• l\^ ll<-ll \\ ill ullcii 1,
A I
nil liMii ~~,\\
""'""■^ "-"1 111 ilr.-iichiim -irk
'" .^" '■ 'ill- IIH'iIh!!,,. W II,.], ll
II, lives Is
'!'■ "ijMTMli.l mil. I |„. .|._,||
"• |ia'i,Mil i> |\ 111^ ,1
llW II.
Iialh-f i>
'■ -^liuiiu and walcliliil, .\
aciMi (,|| 1
"■ .iiiiiiKil. :iii(| a-
siiiill as lie li
''"""""•'■^'"•■'■'^^'-l-W •i.li.U ,„i,i.„|,.|..,.„i
" "'■ ill III"' ail'. III,. [„,|| ,
I'' |'l>i-ial(,i w ill l„. al III,. I
III I ll I nw 1
!<■ Ilns,. ,,| ll
'li'l'l liulll III lllrmniinij. Il
iillil
'""^'••"' ' "ill I'lu-i- his kll.r,,i| ll
lac
■""' ''"■" I I Mm- ill, -11, i, III .1,,.,^!
\als. \[
if<'i-ssai\ ll
iif.iil I i,.il I
!•■ jiali, •Ill's ii,.,.k
.\ and al shnii iiii,.|.
'■ '""laal iua.\ !„■ ||||.,ui, and iIk
" a siii,|||^|,. \\ I
-I I ail
i-aii'MT it iv d,.Hi..d t
I) re
1 :i Ihus,. ai
"i"' l'"ll s|n,ii|,| Im- li,.|,j 1,, ll
I'ack iiT 111., h, ad I iim ,1
"' '^'■•■|' liiai duu II !,\ I,,, Ml
Is iit.ad
n- Ul'illliil. I he 1
iiisc ll],. ilie
l''ll
law II \\.-|| I, aids.
IKI
'" >iiialli.| C|iiaiiiii i,.-, ||ia\ |
iiililin iiiiiii,. ,1,
11' un en \\
illi a hard
Th
-"■ s\ Illi-... a \ IT
ijKTiitur siaiids ill I
> <l''ail. Ilirr !||,.| hnd.
liaiiil in Mil. ,,|f III!,, I ,|,.|||al
'"'" "I' 'la. iiiiiiiiaj. « nil iiiv i,,||
draw s I \u- i,
iiisfiis I h,
i'ai'i' iipi'iis III,. Ill, mil
I ami
"-'" -'■""> l-I^^ald nmiIi h,. n^lii hand.
■> I iiiui- al I lii. I
ii'ai iiilrr dmiial
t liai-i-s IK rniili-iiu I. II 111.. l,ai k
■j'afi' and di,-.
iniiunc !)i.|iio ivli.as.ii
liait 1. 1 ilii- I,
'111:111.. tin
1- snmi as 111
• irsrliai-cd.
f .s\ riiiL;i- riinirnl-
an-
Mtxh III' i'lirimi Ml ill
lit
If llir >l(i(kll
all iNcvjicii ai L;i\iii,L; lialls. Ilui<l> ciiii l»
;l\ I'll 111 -clal 111 cali^lllc
In (cUtIr the -~\ I
111,:;'' rill aK" hr ii-cii. wiicii larirc
i|iiaiitil ics ;ii(' ;;i\ fii. ii-^Mall\ Ihc (;!■-(■ ill iiiiiiiiiaiits. the
lii'li Ic iir Ihhii is iici'ilcil. I f a Ikm iinl animal. I lie assist-
ant slatalsdii till- near ~i<ic. ^ri/cs lidiji li.ii'us and t'l<'-
\ali's Ihc head. t!i.' divi. -lici siandinu (ni llit- olT side
1 "||I•^ in ilic liind III viii:i|| i|ii:iiil il i.--- al riciiiicnt intcr-
ii--" iif ;i liiiltcr 1-- an ail\anla^i'.
\ a
K: il' dclininrd. i ii
-i>Iaiil nia\ aUn iii-cit his lin^ci-, in i|
H' llnsc. cr
u~i' I 111' Inilldu--, a Jul 111 <•!' iiiiicci - a id liiii^ rh'\ ale t lie
iii'ad. Aimlii t iiii'lhnd vvhicli iiia\ 1h' ('ni|i|ii\ i-d with \\
d"cilt' animal ' loi' Ihc ilrrnclici- Id -land '.ii tiii' nlVsidc.
l'a» lii-- h'!l ar xciijir iii'ck and wiih Ihc h'fl liaiid
"pc'i 111,- nil ml h and ch'\ all' it ^1 1 -lit 1\ , I he I ml He nr 1i,h'm
ihcn iii-.ei led ii:t(i I he ri^hl sidi' nf t
le nioiilli. at ;i
di-!aiicc lar cmMiuh In a\nid li icUlm-' ,ii,i at tlic ('(prn
and i:<>1 tun r
If sua- Im caii^c chukiii-: tlie hdl aril
!■ ii|i,'ialMi- Iniiius invssiiic uii ilie neck miisclcs and
■lid^ ill liriin- llic iiea(L which vlKiilhl lie liehl a littl(»
di"\ e I lie Inn i/niilal. If the head i>. lai'-cij tdd hi^ii the
medicine uiics the V. iicil; \\:\\. Sheep may lie drenched
li.\ liackiii-' iniii a "nrnei'. uci i in.u' ast ride (if I he animal,
'li^ale the head --liuhllx with the iell hand, witji tlio
iiulil liaiid |ii.iir in tile iliiid. I-'m lamli^ and sheep dil'-
liciill Id drcin I he d|ieialdr slidiihl ^it the anil
mil up oil
IN rump, wii i! ■> 1
lean liel U cell
his kiiee>. il
le inedieiiic
:n iie pdiircd III -A illi lilth' ri-k nl' chdkiii
Prerdutions. N. B. <
111 ic and siieep are ca-ii\ cimked
" licii dreiichiiiL;. theicldie il must he rcnicmliercd thai
Id a\did Ids'^, diil\ small :|iiaiiiilie- vhdiild he i;i\eii to lie
150
s\ViilIow<'(l at on
Vd>rinan/ Elnnnifs.
time. :iM(l it' coiiiiliiii
some of the iiii-diciiic pdiiji tl
ilt 01IC<- 1(C lowcivd. so tllMt
occuis (liio to
•' \\roii<r \v;iy tliclicad must
'■nil out. I 1ki\,. Uii,,„
illlV Ihljil ill tl,,. iiiniill
1 mav
Ifct oft
11 <>l many animals killfd l)v i
u'lr-
H'-e l.nMautions. A sp,.,-ial m.-tlio.l ,,f ,1,,.mc1
foWs douri \vitli inJII, I,
iinir
case,
til.- I
A\
■\<'r is dcscrihcd under lliat d
is-
OK
i;i'sin- tlif Ilea
<1 ill Mn> animal niiicli aI)o\e
""■'''■""'■'I- '»"'ii"l I'liil Ilu-ton-n.'fo.uard.
1111 iiclion jiulis the lid , (.|,inl
as siicli
Optus til,, wav to 111,, in
•litis I of lai\ ri\ II]) and tl
Ills
ii::s.
Pigs nia.\ he divnclit'd I
i.v put I in-' a i
iippcr pail of 111
<■ snout wiit.u Hi,, aiiin
"III il> liami,li,.saiid s,pi,.al, Ih,. „„.,!
ill sN.uiy. I'ios will tak
loos,, ((vcr the
ml will liaim- hack
pooucd
Kinc can he s
c oil
if ui
xcn miv,.,! \\
'iilts and oilier nicd
icincs
Bdlli
ng. <',,iisid(.iaiilc dc\
■>\v«'».t milk in 111,, tron^di
liall a liois,.. to ,1,1 so tl
I<-iity is i(.,piiivd to properly
patient and witli his l,.fi i,;i,„| ,,,.,„|
!<■ op,.rator stands in from of ],
IS
forward two to t||
\ maws tile toi
igno
iiit; oil 111,!
ball rest
fiii-ei on lop,,f it, is carrie,! hatdi
mot of 111,. |,,ii^,„., where Ih,. hall
once i,.l,.ase,| and tli,- liand with,!
'■'■•' ''"•1"'S til." ri-ht liaiid carryin- tho
second and fonrtii tin-.-rs, the tliird
ill a slrai^ht line to the
is left, the toinqie at
lawn.
water may he j,Mveii and if
seen to lra\,.| down tl
Inharation Method.
.\ few sips of
•i"'l'<Mly d,)iie the hall will he
le iK'ar side of the
nee
••reoliii or liirp,.nl iiio
I'l'il 'if Ii,i! Mii.tiicaled ( with
liead. a iilaiiket or ha" tl
) water is plaicd under ll
le aiiimars
:iii'i llif patient fore,.,! t,, hivalh,. tl
air must also he alloweil
irown over the head and neck
le steam; siini,.j(>„t
to come i
result. Ill
n mstranj^nilatioii woiiUl
some oases, s„cl, as in hiiyo tlocks ,.f si
KK'p
■Mmh of (
iirnifi
Mxli
151
111 calves, tlit'V iiiii> !»■ coiiriiiiMl ill a ti^lil Imildiii^' fur a
lew iiiiiiiit<'> and suU'iir IiihimmI tliiTc. I lie stockman sIkhiIcI
>lay ill witii tlic ])aliciit>.
Blistering. 'I"lir(iii;;li tiic skin, only the (ii>t iiicfliod will
lie ciiiploN c(l liv t lie stock mail, iiaiiH'ls . t In- ii>c ol" blisters
and liiiiiiieiits. In appix a l)li>lci- clip oil' or >lia\e the
liair over tlieiiart to lie t realcd. tlieii wash with warm
uater and Mtaji, and di y. The niii>e will liieii nil) in the
Is it i> alismlied, or according:; to the di-
li'ciii;;' slioiild
hli>ler as joiiL
rcct ions ^ivcii 1>\ tiie Nctcrinarian: tiie rii
lake tit'teeii minutes after appi.\ iiiji' the hlislci. the hair
ird or \a>eliiie, to
leioW siiouhi he anointed wilii sWee
ire\eiit liiisteriii;,'' licjow lliespot inter
Kled
li
e II]) the
lic.id lor twenty four to thirty si\ lioiiis. the lirst ei,i;lit
hours of the time he siioiild he liaiked in the stall a.iul
I ied crosswise, so as to avoid liaiii^iiji' of his knees and
to pie\ent him tearing,' the parts. .\t the end of tliirty-
si\ to foity«'i^dil hours tiie l.iistered part siioiild be
shamjiooed witii hot water and sot't >oap < .lot hoiin made i;
dried thoroii^iiiy; clean, sweet lard then bein^' aplilied
cM'iy day, the parts beiii^' wash"(l once e\ cry hnir days.
At the end of ten days walking- exercise may be <j;iven
and a cooiinj;' lotion applied once daily.
If
tour
have to be l)iistered not more than two ma> be done af
onetime, an interval of a week bciii^' allowed liel'ore tiie
other leys are blist* red. .\ nerved limb or a horse in a
weak eoiidit ion should ne
ver
b
listeret
i. ^\■llell \n\)
OlIILf III
a idister or liniments, nib as far as is possible in
the (
lil
ectloll oi ilie jiair.'
Tile other methods, bv means of setoiis aii<l tiie use of
tiie li\ podcrmic syrini;e, lieloiiy- to tiie province o
f till
veterinariaii
PART 11.
Diseases; their Prevention and Treatment.
(11 \i'i i:i; \ III.
NURSING or SICK ANIMALS.
'I'lic iiiilk lit' 1 111' \\ 'ii k lcl;ll ilm til t lir t I r;it niciit ol' sick
:iiiini;iK tall- mi tin- ^tm-is iiiaii, iiinl amn iliiii;l\ a> lie al -
IcihU 111 1 iiciii, fit liri l; 1 111' liail. ■^h w ill I iii' icsulls lie
LiuiKJ iir liail. \iii>iiiu in -niiir caM-.-- ciuint^ I'nr as iiiiicli
a^ 1 1ll' t leal iiiiiil lit' I lie \ fill iiiarian: in any r\ rut, tn ^ct
jHiititalilr 1 1 >ull-- I'liiiii t 111' i'ni|ilii\ iiii-iit 111' the \ clciinai'v
>ur,uciiii his iii^t ruit iiiii> >liiiiil(i \h- I'aitlit'nllx cairicd nut
ami all iiii>Nilili' a>Ni^l ;iiicf L;i\fn. TIh' a\iTai;i' I'aiiu lias
lint flaliiuali' lianis ami >tatiirs. w it li rliTt rir lij;hl. Imt
a 111' mill w atiT. rtr. : w llili' t lirsi' l'llllli>ll iiius ai'r liclpl'lll
!iii'\ ail' lint T'-'-i'iil lal ti> >urrr^^lul inir>iii^. 'i'lic stncU-
niaii w hii is at all nt' a nii'cliaiiical hiait can li\ ii)" a siiit-
alili' sick >lall i'asil\ : tlii'ii' ate ci'itain c>M'ntial> tn he
nli-.ci\ I'll — ]ilcnty 111 |iuii' air. iiicaninL;' Linml \ cnt ilatimi,
nut ilialls- lilts nl li;;iit. tlincari' smnc c;:sc> ncciliiii;' a
ilaikciii'il >lall: waiiiitli. in the Ninth iml al\\a\>('asy to
nhlaiii. and jiIiiiIn nt rnmn.
The sick stall i-^ liy p; I'tiTcmi' a Imx ^tall. >iliia1<'il mi
1 1ll' si'iitli >iil(' nt a liiiililiii^'. i liii> rcmliTin^ it \m'I1 li^iitcd
ami chi'i'ii'ul: it Nhmilil lie IwcUr t'cct si|iiaic and nine nr
tell I'l'i't lii^li. rill- lin\ shmild lie clean and well licddcd.
h I Ni;'s 'i\ SI l:>|
I \ I "^ I n.M I.I.N,
Nnrsini/ (if Sid: An'nmils.
1.1
tlif \Mills as si til as pnssilil". >(> as to lie easily (lisiii-
tfctcil: except in eniitaj^iuiis diseases, tli<' hov should li«'
SI) idaeed llial llie |»atieiil can st tiiei- of its, own kind.
riie ventilation e.m lie niaile n-iit it a little attention l)e
■^i\en to I lie matter. We lia\ e see w hell diseiis>i iij;' tlu'
].h\si(ih(L;\ of the lim^s how esseiiti;il |iure air is, and
how that laeU of pure air iiieaiiN lack ol means of wanntli
to tilt' animal. I'rof. Kin;; in the I'ifleeiith iJeport of
I lie Wisconsin JApeiimeiit Station i desciihes a scieiitide
melhoil (if \ cntilatiiin a stalile: this method is in ns<' in
the dairy hain and the horse ham and \ et«'riiiaiy iiillrni-
ary of the l]\|)erimeu; Station.
A single \cntilatini; tine !» I', rises alio\f the roof of
the main barn and is di\ icied lielow the roof into two
arms A 11 I >. which lerminate near tiie le\ el of the stable
lloor at A A. These openings are provided with ordi-
nary ifyisters with vahes to be opened and closed when
desired. Two other ventilators are placed at I! 1!. to be
used when the stable is too warm, but are pro\ ded with
\alves to lie close<l at other limes. (' is a dire, i 12-inch
\eiitilator leading; into the main shaft and ojieninfj from
the ceilinir. so as to admit a current of warm air to foi'ce
the draft. The air enters the stable at various points F
anil (i, and in the vertical section by arrows at F and (J.
l*arke"s system is very similar, as is .shown in the venti-
lation of an ordinary room, by raising the lower sa.sh of
the window a few iii< lies and closing ni» that open space
below it by a piece of board, thus the ciirn-nt of air is
not direct as it comes up between the two sashes. The
stockman may soiiiet inies have ca.ses r<'(|i\iring a dark-
ened stall, sucli as in lockjaw (Tetanns), the siek stall
\r,i;
V'l' ihiiini i:i< ,1,, „ls.
I'.^'il I-' 11:111111111 I,, l;,! III,.
''''"■"'""■ "'^'> '■• "'■-Ml:. u,.|| ,.;„ K,.,|. |,|.,„k „,,„„.
'■'■'■"■•""• '^""•' '"■ - -",....,,.,..-, ,„..|,.:i,...,,„„...
""-'''^^ '"■'"> '■— ill>':ili^^l I.I l„. „.,ll l„.,l,|,„|. ,„
""^ ■•"""•■'>..„ ,. ,„MM l„. iM,,,.,,,!,,.,,.,! ,!,;„ I,,.,, „„
7"'"'^"""'"' "•'•'- ''""^ -— M,:„..,|.i,|Mh..M,n:
■^'"""'' '"" '"■ ^'""""'l I" -..,,, ,,..i„,|„. .,;,i| 11,,
'"■•-" '•"""""■^ """•'• ^""i, ,;, IMllH.M.llls,,, ,,.,.|,n..s
P' ' '"" '■"""! — MM,,,,,,, „u. HI,,., „„ ,|H,,...,,:
'"■^"'■■•-'"■"'^ --"-'"I •■i^'^:.in.M.. ,„:„„„..,.,„„,„„;,„
''•'''""" ^'"'"'^'•■''""I'-'^'ll: ^'.l.l.u,lll,..|, ,„..,..'
'■'"'"■ ""•''""'•""^^"'••'•l—l..,i l„.,|,,„„ ,,,,. ,..,,
""' '"■'"'■'• "'-''• '■'•■•'" '-'"T,:,! ,. l,,,„„i„ „, ,,.,,„.
'""'"' '^^'•'- --l-'H:„n.. ,.,„., ,,,u n, .,„..,,.,;,,. I,
'" ""■ ■""^^""'•l''- ''—^)nu|„,.l, ;„,„!..,;,,,;,,„„„
'■"""" '"■^'"•Hnthi,,, ,„„. „.,.,!.. H.h ,„„., l,..|i„|„
"""' =""' '^'^""'■'' "" ---i>: iM.:n, ,.|,„i„„,„rn,;
'''"■^""'"■''^'"""-"^ • lnih,s,.,„i,i,.,.,i „„ ,,,
"""""""■'' ""• ^''-'"ipHM.,, — ,„,„,u „,,.„M ,,;„,„.
"■"■'"' ^"'l'l>in^M;n,k..|..H u„|, l„„|,,.^ „„„, „„
"'■";'^- '"''^'^^ '"■ '-• -' '"-i: ir h..:„ |„. ,„ ,,.,
'^"''■'""^'^''"^'^-^'"•'^'•-"'l.al .1,.. i,;,l„.„, ,1„... „.„
'■"""•*•''''''■'' •""•I' 'l"-ai'pll.':,l„„,,,|.,.,,„„|,.
'''''"'""'■'"'"" -'^'•" ""• i'.-"i-„i u,!i „„.h„i,. r,.,.,h,,.
'" ""■ ;'IM'll<:i'l.,|, ,,| |„,illli,-,.>. rtc.
\///.-.//('/ nt Sirl. liiiiildls
i
Ihe pulse ftlte ill I lie Ihm^c i- I;ik«-Ii ;it llir IdWcl |;|U
u II li I he Iii->1 \\\<> liiiL:!'!^ Ill I Im- Ii;iii(1 ^nil Iv iiii-.->iiiL; tlir
.iilnv ;m:illi^t 111 ■ liiilir. llir |ic!^iiii l.ikiiiL; ihf I'lll^r IIMl
,lll\ ^I.iIkI^ 111! Illi' !ir:il -nlr ;|l|il l;ik.- |l Willi lllC li^llt
llMliil. It lii:i\ ;iUu 111- l;ikcll lll^! Iii-lnu I ln'
i\ !■. nil I lie lii-^Hlc <<[' I 111' liHi' li-::. limliT I III'
I, 111 iiini (III I 111' iilll-iilc nf ;i liiml li-l li'i'U. I II
i;ill \i- 11 i> l;ikfli ;il 1 In- -\>\i' ul I he |;iv\ ii|i1mi
-ill- 1m I 111- ;illi-llil;llil 111 pi-l ;|liii\ i- I In- lull'
riijiirk-; in --liii-ii ii I- laki-ii mi lln- iii-iiii- nt
1 111- I lll-li: III I hi-- ;|llilii;ll. liiiW r\ II . il !-> I ;iri!>
111 iiiiirli \ aliir. 'I III- |iiiKi- lii-al- will lit- lull I ill
HI llllllllii-r 11 Hill -i*i In 1*: |ii I lllillllli' 111 I lit'
hm-i'. I."i 111 tilt ill lln- tiiw. I'lir clinidil
thermometer i-~ nl uit-at \ aim- In l ln' \ i-lri ina
iiaa ami lln- iiiii-i': iin -iinkniaii >liniilil Ih-
w il limil nlH'. il - IIX' W i I i nlli'll al'l ill ill I t-l 111 ill-
iiiu v\ lii'l liti an animal i> -~i(k m- iini. ami il'
lln- iiwui-r nf lln- animal fnii>iilK uilli lii->
\ t-li-ri naiiaii, llial ]ii-i--mii iT |in>>i->-itl n| ihi-
I ni ri-cl li-iii|ii-i al 111 I-. |iiiNi'. rail- nl' In ;-al him;.
a|i|ifai aiifc nj' lln- It-cc-- ami iiriiif. Inuflln-i-
with lln- --I all- nf lln- miifnii,-, im-mlnam'. \ i/.,
nl lln- ('\c ami 1111-1-. \\ ill 111- alilf In iml'^i- a-
In I In- i-nmlil inn nl'l'ic animal ami pr(--ri lln-
arrni lllll-l) . Till- I I'll 1 1 ifiat 11 1 i • nj' a 1 1 1 Ilia 1 > i- rlini.-al
ii-mill\ lakfii ill lln- K-'i-liim. w Ik-h- tin- 1 1,,.|-. i !■ i'ii"'iiii'i-
mniiii-ii-r i- allnufil In ri-iiiaiii linm nm- in ilin-i- iiiiiiutt-s.
A/irni/s >liakr till- im-rciny ilnwn in tin- t In-iiiinmi'tci'
lii-lnrc ii>inL^ it. In t!n Ml jilari' tilt- in-lrnim-iit Inill) dnwii
I
1.., r. ,,,. 1 I I,,, ,,,K I 1
i.t 111. .<-<..
1.-.S
y>ti riiitnii i:i< nil Ills.
""'"' -f':<l<'' III.- Ili(irii,.iii,.|,.
'•'Ik' Ii.mIiIis hnls,. „
ill
' "I :i 'I"VMIU.||.| Hllrrlju
mil.
"■'^"' ■' I'liil"'!;!!!!!,. ,,r Inn
^-''^^'-^ '"""■' -Hi n:,Mn:.l, ,..,|,:n,,ln,
:^"""""'''^'-"""--'- 1 MM ,,H ,.„..
■"■",'""""""■' "•'■--.•■■ IM,.. „.„„,.,,,„,
;""""''^^""'"'^"^'-""-''^"-'..i I,- , ..,...,.,.;
■;';;:::"'''''''''-^-'-'-^''-''^' '".•"-., ,.;.,;
Thebre..thinc„l,nn,..,|..:.n l,„ n,,,,....! I.v , !„■ nn.v,.
lril< ir ;, . . , M.ililv- ami nns-
"" ' '"-'l—M,,, I„. „„,,„„ ,
;","■",,""" '"' ■•'■ i.-!
'"'lit i.l ,,n(' in,>iii|. '"
"'■"'■"•'"'^"■-"'i— 'I- ...|.,™i„„, ,„.,
::","":;, ■' '■-■'»'■ .ir. ',„„., I
,;:,: -'^' ;"'"""■■ •-^' -iv,..-!,,.,, ,.,„„„„..„
""V"" "^'"■-■"^ ■'■'"■'-" -■:..-...,,,,.,,.
"■"""■"'■"•""■ ■^""'■•'■"'- -"'■
;■':'■; '■7'''^' ''■"■-' "I- T„,..„„i,„.
:;■■;; ;"■■"'"-"""., ,„„,., '
J^'iusiiu/ >il' Sill: Aniiiiiilfi.
i:.M
Ihf rytliMll mio tlic >i(cUct: llic ii;is;il iiiciiil'i ;iiii' isc\;iiii
llli'cl a> I'ullnws: llolil Ihr l.iwtl ll|> Willi ulir li:ill(|. Willi
I lie I'll I uf I- iiikI I li II ml « 111 the (. I her iliLilc I ill- iiii>|iil. 'I'lif
;illt'ii<l;iiil ^liniild mile w lirl litT I Ik' iiiu//lr i^ <lr> or nioisl,
llic >kiii lini, (ii \ . I lulil 111 hai'-li, wlifllifi slii\ fiiii^' oi-
IfX fled. Ilic palinil will aUu lir «at<lifil ^n as to ikiIc
w licliici lir <iiaii;;(S Ins |iii>rl mn (ilicii. -til in- up nr l\ iii^'
ilnwii. pawiii;,' or niching ailfiii|ilN at \ ninil iii;^ i. 'I'lic
cMiKJi; inn nl' Iht- Ifccs ami iiiiiif wlirllicr ilic I'ui mcr uif
liai<i, ili\ , •^lim\ >'V ciialfil with iiimns. '\ InM lici' wuiiiis
art" seen in tin- Iitcn will alsci Ik- iinttMl aial icpnilnl to
llii' \ del iiiarian, ami wliilr tiic svui U may >criii uiifioiis,
altfiitinn In tli'laiK is\ci\ cs-cnl ml in the iini-<in;r and
I ii-atiiiciil nt' \ rlcriiiaiy iialifiils.
'I'ln- iclutlancr to cat. aiixiicr liiiiii lin- Icfd Irnii^di,
liaii;;iiij,' hcliind Ilic llncU m lit-rd art- all \aliiahl»' iiidica-
tiniiN In tiic caifliil sIncUiiiaii. <'\cn llic fating; nl' diif nr
diiiiUin^ nt' dirly water > w lien clean is Mipplicd slinidd
lie looked into and llic cause I'niind.
Syniptoiiis ar4' j;ciicrall\ more or less plentiful and only
in-ed ciiltiNUtion of one's pnwers of nlisci\ at i'Ui In detect
tlieiii. cniise(pienll\ we should expcci that the person
most t'ie(|iicntl\ with animals in health >liould he the
readiest to detect aii,\ sym|iloms oj ill lieallh. reasoninj^
still t'lirlher. it is readily cninpichcndcil that the best
\ elerinarians will, alter a ^'ond cnllem' tiainiiif;-, come
I'rnin the ranks nl the stockmen.
Watering, in healthy animals, should take jilace before
feeding;', slight (pianlities ma\ bcj,fi\en after, tli is applies
more part i(ailarl> to horses. aniniaK at liberty will diiiik
!,..! ';■'» :; ;■ ..,. t'. .'..,. ^ ., .1 ..-., .\ J,... i
tl.-* IM V » t(
Ill)
I ' /' I iii'ini I'll nil Ills
'"'I-'' '-^ fll'<l; Willi. • iSrr^^lM- .|ll;lliIilH > ,,| \,.|S rolil
"•"'■I ■"•■ 'l.t'iU.'lMl!-, hr -||,,|||,| |H,| I II, K, I Irrii >l|r||
•'" ''■'> " IlliMlll :i .h iiiN. lu I,, ,11 ,|i(,ii|v ,,| \\:\\r\ « ill
""' 'l"ll ■'!'> Iml-r. hu in.illc I ||,,v\ \v: Irllm^ ;i u,,| ril
:'l'l'll:il -1:111,1 III ;i ,||;||| I,, ,.,„,! ,,|| 1^ ^^ I,,,,,. III,. ,|.|||^,.|.
'l*'-^- I'V , ,il,| U;||, I . In, III, I II, .\,. I l„. '^IVyl, :|1 ;,,|\ III,,,..
'■"'"■^ ■""' :i'"'il""li- lii;i\ 1,-11 1 1 iM.iii IK IIM-. ill,- ,1 11,1
"' ^^■"'■' lii:l> '"■ llliill' 'I II III.' :ilillii;il i- |Hiimii^ „ ,,,ii
"'.-"I l''i--iii'- I.ii.l:.'.|ii:iiiIiI:, >,,r III III,. ,| i;il„.| i,. , W l,i|,.
'"""'•- ^^ i" i.n''l,\ ill ink u:il ln,,l \\:il,.|. ll ih.- ,'||||| is
'•''^'■" "II " I- 1" II,., .1.,.^ ,,| ,1,,,. ||,,|||,|,... |,||||,||,o
<■..«- ;ii.' -i\..|i vv.nni u.n,., |,\ ,,„,,,. ,| ,,, ^ i,,,,,, ,|, ^^ n^,,.,.
>\ llll -,„i,| if-iilK.
Sdit -In. Ill, I !„. |,la-.'.| l„.r,,i,' MhiiiuK ;ii ;ill ijni.-. in
'■'•^"■li-li '"IhIiIimi,- |„,i>,.. ^^ ||| ,,|i,.,i ,..,1 j,,,:.,. ,|ii.i i,| n „..,.
•""' '■■'" I"' l"'riinll,.l 1,, ,1,, V,, uiih,„|| ,|;iii^,.| I,, ||„.,|,.
•"^ '" '^ '' "■ liiiH-iil u lihli jii,. I-- .|iu<'-lH>ii ,111.1 ai.|> ill
I i^Nii,. hiiiMiii-.
<.r...>iiiii:- -In, III. I l„. ,,r ll,.. |,,il,.i ,,,,|,.|, III,. ,.\,.s. II, ,s,.
:tii'i.|..ck l„.ii,:: -1...11.-..I. Hi., .-.ui -in l,,,! I h.^ I.-- Ii;,ii.l
'"'''"■''• <•>!"■. ullv if. -.,1.1. «|i..|| l,,iii,|;m:,m xMii i„. i|s,.|„|,
""• ''i'l^ -ll.illl.l l.c Ml l|,|,..,| ;|i|,| ih,. ,.1,,|||,.. ,.i,;|||^,.,|, i„.
y.lllli III..-.. III,. ;|!||iiK,l >||,,|||,| II,,, |„. u,,|||,.,|_
" !'"■ I'.l'i''"l i^ l\ill.- .l.iUII .■..lllllll|;|i|\. il sl|,,lil,| 1„.
^^'■" '"■'l'l«''l ^in.l iK p., -Ill, ,11 .■||;,||o,.,| Ml 1,..|>| lu I,.,. ,|,.|,|v.
Fxercise i- i;ir..|\ ii.....|. .. I. ,.-,„.,. uH^ n, ,.,|. • „,„|,;,'|,s
'"■ li.K'liii.-. III,. Ih,x ,s|i,„i|,| ;in;,|,| :,ii ,1,,. ,.x,.|,.i^,. I,,,,.,.,
Mi'\. ill . ...11 \,il, .-,.,. 11,.,. 11, ,11, 1 IIP;: I iMiil.l. -;,,•.. 11 Mill am,, ill, t
"f'-x-Tc:-,. i- h,.|i,.|i,.,;il. Ih.. la, k ..r-ii.h ,.x,.,,.i-,. 1,1 1,1, |o.
C.l-.-s I... ill- .l..||Illl,.|,|;,l I,, 1;,,. ,.;,.,.. •||„. |,.,,|,,|„ ,1,,,^,
""' !"■ I'll' l"""rk uiil..-> ,,iiil,. i,.c.n,.|v<l: it is a -o.hI
.Xin.'iiiii/ iif Sill, A II I mills.
161
^•llc lull' In IH'\tr WulU :i llciiNC tli;|| mixso :| U-V\\ nv |\V(»
mil i! Ilir CMIIM' - iiiiiiil :iiiil ii-mium'iI. 'I'll*' ;iiiitii;il t liat
i|ii.> mil fill t'liilliiil ri;is(iti;ilil\ lir i\|(i rlnl to work fitlltT
III thr lt,l((->ui lii:iklll^ llrsli ;|i|i| Mlllk.
fpcdinq Sick AnimtiK. li iiiii>l \»- liuiiw in iniinl tli;it
liiiiil III illlllk >llnlllil linl lir rmirll nil Mik stnck, tllill
V. Ii;il Iniiil |s linsriiti'i! -^liniilil lir Icillpl in;;. In he so it
iiiii^l iif I'li-sli. all liaic^nf llic lasl nlVrriii'^ lia\ in;; 1k-cii
ii'iiHiM'ii. ill larl if an aniiiial ilno iml rlcan up ils ailnvv-
aiii r \\ illiiii a na>niialilf liiiii- liic iiiatcrials sliuiild be
iiiiin\c(| Ml a^ In a\niii laiiiliii;; ilic I'l'fil lidx. Tiir same
i iilc a|)|ilirs In I he il link in;; water.
I.a\ali\i' I'nnil is iiiijiraliil in sirkiies.-. willi I'rw cxcei)-
I inn-,, ill Tail llinsr cases laid ii|> mi a<'ciinnl »i wmiiuls
iirril la\ali\i' Innil aiid a reilinlimi m i|iianlily. N'ariety
I niints I'nr a ;;ieal ilral w illi llir sick animal. U)V such pur-
pnscs linileil rnnii. liiaii iiiaslics. ;(iass. cai'iuts. jii 'atites,
small ;;reeii w lical. nals. cnru. etc.. may lie used in limile<l
(|iianlil ies. Milk and e;,'^s are alsn nl \alue. hit will
lia\e tn he t;i\ (-11 in a drench as a rule. The bran mash
should l»e made as I'nllnws: Scald a pail, tiirow out ilie
water, put in a ;;alloii of bran and a lablespoonl'ul of .salt,
add two to three pints of boiling water, deijeiiding on the
cniisisteiicy desired, mix well and cn\ er up for I'l minutes,
when it may be placed before the patient. A tablespoon-
iiil or two of jiowdered ;;iii;;er added to a brail mash
makes a nice feed for a tired or o\ er driven lioise, and
shdiilil l)(. ^ivcu befni ats are ntVered. Horses will
raicly bum themsehcs, tlie\ do not care for sloppy
mashes. 'I'o make linseed i llaxseed i tea take one iiound
"i till; .sOcii .iiiii hnii ui iniii in siA i|Uails oi W aici' UUlii
11
It;
Vi'trriniinj IHiinriits.
lilt- L'laitis arc Sdll. 'I'lic linseed tea and bran may be
I'oniliined with lienelit. Hay tea - tnn f^ood hay through
the (MittinL; bn\ and lialf till a p ,il with it, tlieii till np
with bdilin^f water, let stand until cnld and nive tlie elear
tluid. Kaw linseed nil is (ilten g, \ en ii> tin' feed in quan-
tities (it' liiiin line (|nailer to one half i)int daily, it is
very \alnable in Ibsnt's. and puts a gloss on the liide,
besides acting mildly on the liowels.
Backrdking. The ojieration of unloading the hind bowel
will in sdiM" eases have to be performed by the attend-
ant, allliiingh the use of the injection piiiii]) has «hine
away, to a large extent, with the necessity for the oper-
ation (tf backraking. Th" hands and arms should be
well oiled and the nails jiared be'bre intiodnctioii.
Mustard is ot'ten a|ii>lie(l to the si(h's in cases of In
"R
troubles, althougi opinions as to the value of siieli appli-
cationsdiller. a mild aiiplicati;in to the abdomen in bowel
Irimbles, di.irrlMca, etc.. is olten valuable
'I'.'As
ea pound tin of mustard, empty into a bowl, addi
"S
cnld watei, (Hie and one-half tinfuls. inixing up well to
form a paste, in some cases tiie hair should be clipped.
i;ub the paste in well with the hands: coveitlie mustard
area with paper, and thus a\(iid soiling the blankets
I'lit on a Idanket fiDin below, and two above, wliich
should be fastened with surcingles, etc., try and keep
the animal on his t'eet tor thirty 'k , utes, in two liouns
the nnistard may be washed oif, only e\|)osiiig one side
at a time: if the stable is a cold one, Iea\t' the m istard
on until the following diiy. when it should be removed
with a brush and curiy comb. The blist<'red surface
^hould be dres.sed with oil
sweet bird, or vaseline after
the removiil of the blistering agent.
Xnrsihi/ iif Sirl, An'nitdls.
1«3
Bcindciging in t lie stock iii;iir> |i;il iml^ i> inmc |ici|uciitl v
jicl rmiMfd nil t 111' 1 1 mils I liaii el sew Ik -i c. nlir Ifasnll llrilli^
!li;|t Il'r sl/c mill iliriiilills mT Ifl cill ii '|| oh iilhcr jMl'l.s of
wlir |i;ilicllts Iflldcis ;i l>;lli(|;i^c iisrlcss. i •.;iml;i;,'fS aiC
Used tu Imlii |(arls Iul;)-! Iicr as in liacliiics ilncaksi or
woiiimIs. to i^ivc |i:'rssnif ami sii|p|ioit in sprains ami
lillcil of swelled Ic^s. diiriiiL; tiaiiiin^: to ciiiiali/.c (lie
ciniilatioii I in ciull. ftc. . ami to hold dr('ssiii;;s in place;
lor siicii purposes three kinds arc Used: 1. 'ihc stillciie<l
li,iiidaj;c. made so l>y tl apjdication of starch or plaster
"I paris. L'. I'he tlaniiel or coHon iiamlai^e. .;. The
cotton hall in^ handa^e.
Thesiilf iiaiida;,e is made iVoiii collon loin in strips,
which arc I horoiiLjhly iiiipre:;iiatcd with tiie stilleiiiiij;'
material, 'lie vtrijis should lie aliont two inches w ide and
iliree Icet lon^-, si)liiils of tin. one inch wide, may be
Used ill addition — lioiiiid in with liic liandai^e in fact.
The llaniiel haiiilanc should lie aiioiil cij;|it led loii^^
and lour inches wide; red Haiiiicl is preleralilc. 'I'o l.e
iiail> lor use the l.amhme should lie rolled with the
tapes inside. The hai.dajic is iiiiidlled alioiil eiL;lit indies
and phiced ,ilil ii|iicl\:ici(.ss t he outside of Ihc \v<^ close
lo the knee, reachiiii;- aliojit the center of tlu' join!, tiie
lolled part iicin^- tiirne.j outward, downward and for-
ward. contiiiuiiiL;- (h,w n to the let lock, and aioniid it :iii(l
lii«tii;;ht hack liy winding close to the knee, the loose end
is liiiiicd down, the folds of I lie handa-e c;in ied o\ cr it,
llii' laiieslieim;- tied about the middle of the can i hone.
It is seldom of iiincli iisc ajipls in-- handa-cs aroiiml the
hock or ahu\c the knee, the movements ol the limlis
will tend to displace them; for such purposes the truss
r
Kll
V(l( rinani PJIcninits
r);iii(l.i;;c is i(Mi»miii('ii<lc(l, If ;i l)iiii(liii.^t' is to he worn
(liuilin cxcrcix' it >l|ni|lll lli'l i;() lulow Ilic frtlock.
Tilt' (liitnii li.illiiiL:' hamhiLic i.-> .iiaiic ami aitplicd as
tdilows: 'lake iwo \ai(is nl liallin" alniiit icii iiiclics
wide, \Ma|( I III' Ic- willi ii. o\ci- lliat .ippiy a calico
liaiidauf l(MiNc|\. ijicii o'.fi' that a sliiiilai- hamlajic
li;;lillv. riic ciiliic liaiKJaiif may lie icit on twenty lour
to lori\ ci-jii li(ini>: it is csjx'cially nscliil in sprains or
lillcd leu-, due to i)()(ir cdiidilion. '{"lie limits slioidd he
iiaiid inldicd ill all cax-s alter tlic removal ol' handa^M's,
and slimild lie exlended and tiexed. Doiiot use dirty,
caked ur hard iMiida^o: ordinary lianila|;-es should he
reiihi\ed iiiniiiini; and iiii;lit. care heini;' lak(-n that tlu'V
are not 1 ie<| luo i ii^jit l\ .
Washing t he hi idles of animals is not a ;;cneral practice,
maiiilv (.aacconni of I he dillienlly in dryinj^ th 'Mi. Some
hoisemeii spoii-e their (diar;;''s with c()|(l water after a
hard day's wdik. tlieieity remo\ ing tin' sweat: its alcse
mils! not lir iM-rmilted.
'i'lie limhs raiely need washing-, unless in \eiy muddy
weather, oi when affected with some skin troiihie. the
less iiiieii ihe lielter; when washing is done. m(od castilo
soap should he II ed. and Ihe legs he well dried hy tlie
use ol' dry Inaii or saw diisl ,
A wet hoise should lie rnhlied dry with wisps of di-^-
straw liehiic ptittiii- on Ihelilanket or leaving for ihc
ni'glil: slighl walking exercise under i.ivcr wnuld ho
henelicia! In siu'li cases.
Singeing li\ Ihe Use of a lamp is done to 'emox,' long
iiairs from ihe jowl and thighs.
Xiirsiii;/ nt' Sid: Aiiiiimls.
1«!5
Clipping is a \('i'\ iiscfnl idnccss in inirscs tlial jiinw :i
\(\\ lif;i\ V cdiit (if \):i.f limiiii: 'In- l;ill iiihI w iiitfr: siicii
:illilll|lls wlicll WdlUcd sui-it iVcrlN illid ;i!(' Ilj'l ('« '^'-t
I iiillcd unless clipiuHl, cc:' Is mid inn^: tiuulilt's lonltinj;-
linni tilt' sweat hcini;- retained in tli,- liaif. il<irse> tliat
are blanketed eDntiiiualiy wliile in tiie >talile seiduni ii'-
i|iiiie ciiiiiiinj^. tlie tendency 1)1' Micli I'lntliin^ liein;^ to
render tlie liair line, tiiin and j;iiiss\ : sliow cattle are
clothed tor tin' same |Mir|i(ise as are simw ^lieeji. Snnie
|ien](le make a pract ice of eli|i])inj;' tin- hack and sides ni'
liiirses, jeavinj,' tlie liair nn the linihs and Welly. « lipped
Imrses siniidd lie lilanketed w hen Iniced tn stand (latside.
Inflammation and its Signs. \\ hen •-peak in;: of sick
animals ce It ain terms are nsed. sniipuscd tn lie inlclliijilile
111 e\ ^Mylindy : tliewdrd inllammal inn is olicn used, ami
when used alone means pi'ai ! ieall> noihin^: inlorma
Imn is only allnrded when one states wheic thai i.illam
Illation occnired, e. j;. . the exjirosion. inllammal ion ol
Mie iiin^s I pneumonia < meansthat the niiian'maloiy pro
cess invohed tile lun;;s: pleuiis\ . inllammat ion of the
pleura iii\ oh ed tlnil membrane, and so on: intlainmat ion
oC the bowels 1 en teri I is I. of the pcritoiieiim , pei iloiiit is i,
of the li\cr i iiepat it is i, ot' the kidney - iiephrit is >, of t lie
"oinb I metritis . all tell ijie lislcnei the location of the
trouble.
rile iiithimmatory procos is liable to occur in almost
;'iiy part: a iuief descript ion of the chaii;:fs tid^iiiL;- place
III that |iait will be i:iterestin^'. Inllammat imi i> the sue
cession of ciiaiii;es tak iiii: jilace in a 1 i\ iiii;- I ivsiic. the re
-iil| of injury. |irovided that iiiiuiy i^ not severe ciioiii:!!
lo at once destroy the \ it a lit \ :i lid si incline of i hi' t issm';
I (Hi
Vilivindfii I'll infills.
lirirlly it In ihc : ■arlioii ot' ilic tissues Ml'ItT injury. The
signs of inflcimmdtion, \ i/. : I'iiin. IhmI. ifdni'ss ;iii<l swell
i llli' ;ir<' I'.l III i I i;i I 1 1 1 :ill : t lir |i:i ill I iri ii'_^ i| iii- | ii | In- i iri'vsui'e
Oh tln' iicrx f^ III I ill- |.:ii I. I III- i(-(liit-ss and heal to I lie iii-
(■rt-;'S(-(l >i||.|i|\ iif lilniiil al the pall, the vw el I i ni;- lo t he
exinhitiiiii III l\iii|ili. The |iiiie(->s is as tiillnws: The
MiKxl >M|i]il\ til a jiart is iiieri-ased. the eirciilat imi I'veiit-
iially lieeniiit-'^ -.luwi-i', and Ihe Mimd xcs^els eiiL;ni-;;ed:
Hie K-d eelU a( (-uiiiiilale ill the (-eni(-i- ul' the stream, and
nwiiii; III Ihe |iles-llie there is esea] T lile while eejls
and siiiiie III Ihe |ila>nia. The iniiiiv lii-euines lejiaired
in s-\eial \\a\s. these while (-ells ina> alismli the wasted
iiiateiial and he lal-i-n away Uy the ly ni|ihat ies. «ir the
cells III' I he pari iiia\ al isi n li I he w h ite ei-lls; it' I he while
cells ale Inn niiinerinis lu Im- tliii-> leim i\ cd. Ihey may die
Mill he thii.wn iilf a> niatt(-r > Jills . IT the exudation
into Ihe tissues is allnwed in leinain lliere. it will cna^il-
lale. dm In t he liliiin, anil as a result Inrmal inn ol' lihi'dus
l»au<ls ailhesiniisi which may cause permanent enliw^f-
meiil 111' a pail: ihiis inleii'eiiu- with its mii\emeiit, eir-
culalinii and i hcrelnit- iis nuliitinii. 'riie hesl way to
i'emii\e the cMidalinii is li\ appl\inu' picssiire to the
pills, this Ulllsl. Ilnv\e\el'. Ill- dnlle hi'l'nre the CMldiltt'
iii'cnllles snl ii|.
cuAi'Ti:!; XIV.
BREEDINQ AND SOHE OF ITS EFFECTS.
TIh- stcckiiiiiii is (IciK'ndfiit mi the nlVspiiii^of iiiiiiiials
lur his niain source dI' incoiiH'. cunsiMiiit'iitlN tlicir Itiitli
and alUT ticaf iiient tiijiftlnT willi ticatiiu'iil of tin- <laiu
iiulii iM'turt' and alter k'\ '"Ji l»iitli t«> tlif ynim^- animal
ln'cniiie of <xi»'at inipoilanci' til liiiii. Accidciils at liirth,
disrasfs itf tlie new boi'M, alxntinns, ail tend to reduce
his jiiolits, (•(»nse(|iiently tc niiiiitiii/e loss he must know
liuw t(i prevent ami nu'ct disease.
Tlie reitroduction of the youn^i' con-l itntes the science
u I' Obstetrics; while jr"neratiou is a natural healthy pio-
cess. donu'stication iuis more or less inteil'ered with its
natural iu'althy eudin^^: various diseases often occur
which conse(iueutly call t'o:' treat lent. 'I'he eariic f stajj;cs
ol' obstetrics, such as the sij^us and duration of heat, the
process of conception, the time employed carr\ in^; Ih"
yonuj; ( j,'estation ) have been dis<'ussed: parlnrM i(Ui, (U'
the act of brin^'in^; forth the younji and the sul)st ipient
treatment of dam and oll'spriu^' will now receive atten-
tion.
Pregnancy, it is important to know the si^iis of an
arnmal beinj; with younf^, ui as it is often expressed,
|ii'e^uaut; such are increased docility: a tendency to fat-
ten: a depraved appetite (tendency to eat dirt. etc. ): and
a cessation of heat, not ahva>s inlallible. Other sio;ns
more signilicant are shown towards the latte- end of the
\t;s
Vitiriiutrij h'/i iiinits.
pn'^'imii. V. iiiiiii.-ly, sluwiicss ..ruction. <'iilni;,'<'mriil of
tiK' iM'lly and of ll,,. .nld.-r. i.ivs.ikm. ..f M,ilk j,, ,|i<. udder,
aiKl tiiuvcmciits ..r il„. i,.t„> ill til,. ,|:,Mi, tlie !;ill,.r b.'inj,'
sli..\vii aflci rrrdiii^r uidiiiikin- <->|MMi;,II.\ ulCnld water.
Diiriii- ll„. ,MTin.| (.r-,.slati(.ii MMiryin- llie yctiii- , tli,'
treatment ..ItliedMn: sli.inld l.e nutuial. ,.l..nl\ of e.ver-
vm\ not of a violt-nl (•liarael<'r, jr«"'<l nnlritions food,
easily di-ested and .„■ ;, sliuliljy laxative nature: no
mouldy, s|)oi|,.d foo.l oi' -rasses witli er-ot or smut on
should he us,.d. The drinkin- uater shoiihi !„■ |.iiie and
not ieeeold. t In- stai)les should he elean and free from
odors: pre^Miant mares seem to h,- ver\ easily alfe.'ted hy
smells. .Mar.'s should have li-hi work towards the end
of the ])re<,rnaney. :ind should not he used to saddle or
asked to l)aek loads or work in slippfiy j. laces at that
time. Some horsemen make a liraet ice of ffcdiiii,^ ^ small
■imintity of wheiit t(. in-foal niar.'s durino- n,,. 1;,^, j-,.^v
months of the pre';iian<'y. Killdll,.^s should he tlu ly
treatment meted out. toj;cther with plenty of imr.- aiV
and exereis<\ with :iu avoidam-e ot' fatleninj,' as far :is
possible, and hy so doin^^ ke<-p tin- muscular system in
good tone: if too much succulent food is j^'iven ewes with
lamb the hunhs are aj.t t(M le soft and tiahhy. No pur-
gatives f (except to cows li:ihicto milk fever) should he
given to pregnant animals and surgical operat ions should
be postiMMied until attei' delivery. .Mares may he worked
safely right up to thaling: I have my.self done so. renu)v-
uig mares trom the harness to bring Ihrth slr(mg, healthy
foals. (',,ws are usually dried about six weeks hethre the
time of ralving. The carefii; stockman will have in his
breeding book the date at wlii* li ,nestati(.n will be ex-
nrinlliii/ Kiiil Smnr «,/" lis I'lYfils. HI"
lirctcil to fiid. iiiiil fur :i sliort tiiiif |iif\ imis tu tli:it tiiiK'
llli' iLiIll should liruix •■II •.iclrini. inniiiN . well iMililfd lin\.
Spfciii! riiiiiiwiii^- jicn- liin '• li.'.Mi .■..n-t inctcfl Inr sows.
Ihc prilicililc iM'ill- In plntrcl tlic \c.llll- l.i-s tVnlii llir
sow lyiii.u on llicin. ;i Itoaiil lt<i-.' ■>i\ oi ci^lil iiwlifs
wide aioiiiid llif ^lall, mciiicI.n iiailrd alioiil one Tool
iVoiii tlic Moor is a (•omiiniii way of |.i otod iml; tin- yoiiiiji
|)i;,'s. N'iiliialilc iiiaics ai >• ^ciinally walchtd at Ihc liiiio
ol' iiarliiiil ion so a> lo render assislancc at once; llic
railhluiness of llu' >1h jdicrd al muIi a time Jandiin;: i
lias heen liie lln-nie of wiilers. IV a liuancial .--land-
point it iia\s, a> a eiiiili'd hiinl» is s i I0-.1. m ewe with
her liisl iaiiil) olh-n iieed> assi -lance: e-.|iecially as --onie
■animals re fuse their yoiinii ^m"' ha vc to lie cnaxcd to lake
them, lor which \aiious iiielhod> lia\e lieeii (1<'\ i>eii.
l»r. Keed ol'lhe ( >. A. <'.. (iuelpli. ('an., iccommends a
Utile hrandy inhhed on the lips of the mare mcliiieil to
disow n her I'oal. and also riil» some nl I he Inpior 011 tiii-
t'oal.
The time of parturition has ai rived accordin- to the
hieedinj; liook. which contains I he record of sei \ ice. etc..
there are. iniw('\er. sympt<mi-- --iiow n li\ the jire^Miant
animal, whicli allord rclialile indicat ions ot I he nearness
of the act. 'I'lie swellinji of liic external ,-«'nilals ^ \ iilva).
enlar<,'ement of Ihc udder, hi'llowiicss of t he iiim]). esjic-
cially in cow>. of the space lietween the pin l>ones and
tin- tail heail. wa\ on the Ica1> in inaie>. a liow of milU.
niakin.i;- of the bed by sows, uiisteiiiiiu appearance of the
adder, uneasiness, a desire for snlilnde. slii,dit pains
^Miidiially iiicrei'Nin.L;. followed b\ ihe iPiidiiiiL; forth of
the water ba'; and the possible escape of its cuiilenls
show tliat labor is not 01 ly clo->e. but Ihal it has started.
\:tt
V) in'niiirii F.h tm iifs.
Delivery. Il :il
"^ "<'ll tlif IhmiI ;ni(| Inrc (cct
;iio
pivsmt.-.l . >nni,.|ii,„.., (|„. |,j,|,| ,,.,., , ,,,|,| ,1
III
;il i> ill ;i >lii)rt I iinr j
If Vtillli'' ;illl-
" • ^* "'irl<l. 'I'lif ii;itiir;il (li
li\»-i\ III iiiai
!•> i^ i>\' >li(irl iliiiiii It
"Illy In »• lit liUccii
Illlllllli'S MslliiM
til
> i'l:i|»>lll^ ihl
iTfM I ll>i.iii uT I I
ic W ;\lcr I
i;i<
<• ••"W lii:l> l;ikf -iiif to two |i,,iii> I,
> Mili\cr till' cnir.
\N ins lire Idcsriit tli».
•■M'MMllll- lu Hut nilUl.v ,i;,ys. I'.U ,■> | ;, k,. ;, I .u.ll li||
IIIIIIIIICS I . IJCJIV ,.f ,,,■ |,.s^ m„l ||- ,
illlflV III hclwccii 1,1,11
lii'iiis or f\ fii (i,i\ ■
lllllil till- U:|I,.| l,;,.r >,1,
I'cri
IS lllll, lie iVnlil I
> liilllllirs III two
■'^Ist.llici' -^linlilil iinl 1,,. (illcrcil
II
II' MiW l:ikrv ;| \ ;i| i;llll»
illlll \\ Ikm
iiiils sliiiiild mil
iiiic III (lf|i\ CI'. ilf|n'ii(liii;;
'"■'> '■'■>•' ti' Ii'ii iiiiiiiilfs III
I'lllill i;iM-s lilllc;lvsi>|;iii,.,. js rifCiiril.
I '^iv •! sl|,,|,|,i 1„. nltli,. ,,„!,, |^||„|. ,,„. .,,,,,,,,1
•III till- iiiiinlii'i 111' [1
s«'\ cial Ihiiii^. I II iial
|>|il\ Iran inn \\ hiii tin- \,,i
is ill III)- ii;:lil pnsji
iiiu' animal
nil. anil iiii|\ w
Is lifin- niailc: ilir dnvcin.n nl
•llnil
1«' ;i\\a.\ In. in Ihc l.acU Imii
ifii llir cximlsix (■
till' t rarliiiii lllllil! |
• '. thai i> Inwards Ili<- linck>
<'!'lli<' (lam. ili.wiiwaid if Ihr animal is si
iinliii'
Til
nal isiilli'ii lici II III ji^ I,
ill Mlialcly rmm th
liMciis pifscnl hciii..
• •mliiaiifs. ami slmnld 1
II' ii'icascd
•III. rspcriai.y aliiiiil ihc lu-ad:
i»'mii\ I'd iiiim li,,. mniiili and
tiils. 'I'lir m, ml,,; siirthf call' and land
lull
iluv
aii\
IIOS-
<>w li^dil alli r drliv
fiN : 111 llic
' ill Hut :d\\a\:
cow ilic\ remain I'ur
in II
II' t'Wc iaicl\
<'<'|iliiin liir Micji I,
si>: w liiic ill III), si.w il is tli
<■ <'\
' ''•""■: "I"' icasiiii Ini rclclllinii of Hie
"'<'i"'"-"'cs in rnminaiils (cuw and cwc^ • dm. i,, Mi,.
l"'''"l':"ily i,r,|„. altaclimcnl nlllic ahra.io in ||,„sc
ii'iinials. winch will l„. icnicmlMTcl iVimi I lie .lcsc,i|.li..ii
"''•"■'■■'"-'•""■'" "I"'"- M, neons ilinin- mcinl.ian ' ti.c
ntciiis il, ihosc aininals.
I'.rrnlln;/ (itnl Slovir <>/ ils KO'rrts.
171
DifHtult Deliveries, lltli.' pirs.-iihilimi h;ts 1 n li-l.t.
tl,riisii;il liilx.r is ..r >h..il (luiiiti'.ii. if. hu\v.-\ .-i . Jli.-
11,1111- li;ivc Ix'Lrnii ;iii(l |H-i>i>tt'(l lur a
l,.ii;r liiiif williniil (1. ■lively. .s"iiii- iiin
ilriiucf to tlir iiHiiiKil (l.-iivfiy may 1"'
Mi-,lHMt<Ml. 111.- caiix' Hi Midi miiiatiiral
liapliriiiii^;^ an- iiiiiiu'iniis: Mia> I"' <lii<'
to wrnii;; |.ir>.-iitatioii. siifli a> tw" lim'l
l.-'s aii<l niic tiiiv If- coiiiiii;: |o-iI1i.t:
till' animal ciniiiiij^ iii»iilc iluwii. i>r witli
Ilic lica<l tiinn'<l liacK. cxcf^ in \nliiiiif
tit' (lit- rcliis. coiitiartioii t>r thf ^rciiital
passa^'fs. .■iilarj^MMiii'iit of llif lifa'l. <lii<'
to Illinois. I'll-. In such caxs llii' <'ni
ployni'-nt ol' a vclciinariaii is mlrisnhh
anil profihihlr. l.i-caiis.' lie is acqiiainU'il
Willi llif parts, lias tin- proper iiistni
iii.-nis ami drills. Tlic t iin.' of <alliii;;- Hi"'
inoffssioiial man slioiilil mit Ix- it'll until
tlir .lam is fxliaiistcl or injnn'*! iiiln-
iiali , iVoiii llif movciiifnls ol tin' Ifln-:
I hr /(;//r/r/- such cases art' ifl'l the ii>iiit<r
the ilaii<;t'r ol inllammat ion of the w h
or t'.'irinj: or woiiiuliii';- iiilernally of tlic
(lain. if the stockman is siillicieiilly
expert let him hare his arm to the slioiil-
iler. anoint witli carholi/etl oil t'lie part
of carbolic aciil to ten of linseeil oil —
, in. I I. Ill 1 r».
iiitrotliice th" arm into the jiassa^M- ami
eiitleavor to liml the cause of the troiihlc. If a heatl and
one lorele^' are shown fasten ropes (oiiefourth iiich)t)ii
the parts, push them forwartl into the cavity ami then
trv ami L'et tlie missin;;- liml), laise it ami bring all iiitt)
i:j
""■ ll = "lll;il l.n.iliuM. III.. ||,,m| ImIu...
" ""' '"■••"" I-- 'l""n iiiHl llir r,„,. I,.,.
II I III' I v\n Idle led :
I |>H-M'lllfl|, |U|I<>
'■^"■'' '"'"■ 1'"^'' '!-in!,„u;„.|;n,.i 1,^ I., ,,,... ,i,., ,,.,,.,
"'"' '"'"^ " '"^^^'"1^ V"M :.l.mu u„l, ,1,.. „,.,. I,,,.
■'''"■'^"'^'" "'" "" 'N^'im.ul,,,,,. |„,|„, „,Mi..,.,:nMl 11...
••'"""""•"^ Hun .,„,„.„> u..(l..„ . I, „..,„.„. an.lu, II I..-
M.-....lnl:„n,nl,n. :.. |,..:..h,,u Inn,.-!.-,,, „,.•.., ,!.,■...
'■'•'"'""""• ^''" -'■i'--:n.. , ..,.,u ,.,„,,,„,
"'"■'""""■^'-"'"'^■. l"-ili"i,:M.|,.,. l,..,|,.unllM. .u.k
'•"•'"""■^''^'"''•' '"I-""""- In. •:,..., ,r,|irii,.„lt.|..|iv.TV
^^'-^'"^'-'^'.''Il MU.V 1h. ^.,1 ,..l,n|,l ,|H...u u„|, ,|,'..
'"'"' '-^-"IMn II,.. ;n,. ,1,.. I,...,.| ,|,.„„, ,|„|s ,|M,.„i,„.
""■ ''--l^'l'-n-:H,U :„Hl ,.„„s.. .nllv „..M^^ nn.n.
""""'"^^"''- '" ""••— "M> 1... ,Mrn...i ,.n Imt I.;.,.].
'"" '^''l'' '" ""- l"-ili,„, ,,„|\ I,,,;, ,j„„. I,, .^,^1
""""" ^■"^- • Vihn.. ,. „.n..n.lh :,l|..u..,| ,..
'■'l«'Hs.'nin...; ,1 nn^hi 1... :,.h ,.;,!, |,. ,„ ,„arvMh;.t Imv.-
^■"'i.-uv..Mi,n... ;n„l uI„.|,;m.. I,: |K ,„ h,,.,,- m.].!..,-.
'"'■ :i '"•« (Ll.\^. I,, ;,lh.|ii|,| .1. Ii\,.|.\.
Attention to iho Sv^horn. Tl,.. i,,.:,ii,H.ni nHUr y„uwr
'""""' "^ '"" "■'> l'""'"l^' a> Mai...]; H.H.nv'.. ,1,;^
'""•'"'"•""•^- 'l-^'nnul ih.. ,H,.uil, :,,M| „„M,iK: ..xannn.-
"'^'""^•■•■"■'I'" '"•"'•">', l,a. 11,.. „ai,nal a|M.,.„r..s !,„■
""■ l'''^^''-'' "' I'll , ,..,.,.s. |„ .,.„„. ,.a...s all. -Mi;.. I,
•""'••"^'^'•lan.i .K.n,,ian. n,.,...s>an.,.s,.....ialU i,, ii„.
'"^''- ""■"^'^•■1 -inn- -l,u,.|.| |„. ,.,„ ;,| , ,„„, .„,,, ,,,^,.
''■'" ""'""^ '""" "'•• l-.l.\ ;ii,.! >.-..,nvU ii,.,| a,„l ij,.,,.
•'M;;IiI\ .in.s.,.,i nmH, s,.„„. .,„.,| ,„„,.,.,„ j,. .|ail v. in.nl ,.
''"'■"'I'- -l'"^'-^;n,.i.|r,.|.. ,.||. |„ |^,,„i,, ,,^,1^,.^ ^^,^^1
'"-""''-'" -"■'■ipin.u .>t tl„. ii„^..,. „a,| ,,„ ,h.. ...„.| ,vill
•"■"■' ""• ^"'"~ ""' l"''^''nl l.l.'.'.in,;;. II |,r,. .s,.,.,..s
Ilniilini/ iiiiil Soiiif of ils l'.lh(lK. \ >'■*
mImiiiI ^mif. \\lii|i Willi ;i \\»l loutl, \M>ik llir t"ic liiiil»s,
l.if.illi.' mlu ilif ii<»li il> ill iiil.-r\ mI> 1 uiiiriiliii^ willi lln-
lllllli Ill'iV <'lll''nl'^. I'llll the li.li;.;llc vtllliv I'tilWillli. Illtll
Irl It irli Id Mini ;i^;illi |pilll Iniuaiii. I r|pc;il in;; lllf liiu\ <■
IIH-Iil- :ll lliltr\;il> Ini Ifll nr lillctli lilllllllt> <ir |uli;,'cr.
I nil I In- lii.dv (li;\. aiiil luiii^ lu :i u.iiiii pliicr. ;i >ll^lit
>l iiiiiilaiil ^ikIi a> luainlv ami \\al<i m a lilll<- >\\rcl
mlic ami war liU iiia> al>ii \<\- -:\fii willi liciidit.
( Ifl lllf iirw Imhii In ^mklf a'^ siHiii a^ |mi>-.iI(Ic m. tliat it
iiiav ;;<'l llir ail i T lln- lii>l iiiilK i ri>|(i>.l niiii ami Ihiis
Iflmiv »■ 1 hi' imcnliilllll llir arrlllllllialiil f\rltllirlll nl
Ictal llir. TIk' iiMfdiiiiiiii iiia\ lia\f 111 III- ii'im>\ cd: mm-
I lir nllcil lilimT. HI lllll'i 1 inll^ i>[ Uallll WUlfl ami nil;
a\ nnl ;:i\ III'; I lineal i\ »•■<; InaU a if nllni siai Ifil xniniii^'.
ami ail' 1m>i a> a ic^iill nl ui^mu ^m li inftliriiir. A
li.a|Hil Irasiiiiniiriil i.r rii'>li (uusillril • ImiH.t iiia> be
UlNfll In llir Inal Willi ;;(in(l lrvii||> ila lllllr |nii>l 1 pal nl :
if a rwr lrt'll>r> lirl laillli llir nlir Irlllsril III ra>r ul'
twills >|iuiil(| lie riililinl >'\rr willi llir niir taUrii. nr it
nlir 1> ilratl. >Uill it ami jml llir skill nil n\rr tlir nlir ir-
lll>r(|. nr |illt thr rwr ami irlllMMl laitlli tn-rllirr h\ llirlil
>rl\r> fnr a tillir. Ill ra.sr nl rwr> I lir Wiini slniiild 1 tr
trimiiiril rmiii aimiml llir inlilrr In allnw llir laiiihs to
■:rt at llir tral. this will al>n pir\riil tilt lamli siicUiii};
llir Wnnl, willi tin- rrsllll xiliict i llir> nt' Wnnl-halls III lllC
stniiiarli-. Altn -rttiii;; llir yniiii;; animal In MicUlr
niirr. lra\ r I lir da 111 ami nlt^iiiiii^ In I lir liiM'l ■, r>: if tlir
allriliirlli lias runir awa\. rrninvc and lniiN : thr dis-
t^iistinj,' |irartirr nf Irttiii^ animals rat llir iiiriiihraiirs
slinidd lint lie |irrillil trd. Tlir Usual pi art ifr w it li daiiv
inrti ami stnckiiu-ii with dual iiurpnsc rnw>, is tn remove
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No i
1.0
I.I
1^
Hi
32
36
|||Z5
1 2.2
2.0
1.8
1.25
1.6
^ APPLIED I^A^GE Inc
New Vorl. '46:
- 0300 - Phone
7J
\''l< rltotii/ F.h mi iifs
till' cair n >lii)il iiiiii' allci' hiith Iwn (lays -tlic call'
liriiiL: Icil '\liiilc milk U<v ruur wrtks and llini t;iailiiall\
clian^'d I) >lxiiii iiiillv. llic Irciliii^ lici:';; dniic lliict' nr
tour liiiii'> daily. llic (|iiaiilil> al tlic ^,ait ln-ir;; aluait
I \\u |iiillllds at cacll Iri'd.
The treatment <»l the ddin a tin drhv cry u ill drttMiiiiiu'
til a ureal rMcn! Ihr jimwili and dc\ flupinrnt nl llir (pIV-
spriiiu. il I Ik' dam i^ I i in itcil iii ({uaiil n \ of icnid. <>r itmir
i|iialit\ -i\rn, the nH^|iriii;: wdl \n- weak, stunted or of
>lnu ^ruwili. I\ee|i the dam cnmlDrlaldi' and dn imt
aun.iy with many atleiil inns, ifal all eliilled, Idanket.
j;i\e warm ma-lie^. Ia\ali\e I'nnd > ^lass. elmer liav,
1m an and oalv milk and water with the eliill nil ima l'<'w
day>. ll inlendini; lu -linw luals tlii> dam had better
nn( lie wiiiked. it' nui the daiii may lie wmked U>v a
'pi'iil''!' Ill' a day. later hall' days nnlil uettin.u' liaek to
the n>nal rniiiine. i' wmked the rnals slmnld lie placed
in liiiNes tiii:et hei and led. entire rest iVi-ni wnrk slniMhl
lie alliiwed iiiaiev |,,r al lea^t a week alter t'oaliii^.
Si. tar I he ciindit icnis alter deli\ er\ ha\<' iieen eiuisid-
r'led a^ niiinial. ii'irnrl nnalely I'nr the >l(iekman sncli ;i
happ.N terminal mil i> imt alwaNvthe caM', as ,sneh cnm-
plieat imi- a^ reteni idn nt t he al'terlnrt h. iii\ I'lsinii nl' the
Wnliili. lileediiiL; I'rnlli the W mill i. t^a I l^el . Mlilk I'eN er. Iliav
alTei-l llie dan;, and renins. na\el-ill. eniist ijiat inn. indi-
.L;esti<iii nia,\ atl'i'i-l t he nll'vprin;;'.
Retention of the afterbirth . fetal memliraiies. placenta i.
'I'his cnndii inn. while rare in the mate and ^nw. is cnin
parali\el\ cnnininii in cnws fur reasmi-, aliead\ men-
ti'illed; if. l|nWe\ei. relelitlnli dnes nrellf ill the nuU'e,
skilled a>.si>tance should lie nlitaineii and the reim.Nal of
lUeid'niii and Soiiir of ils /.Wr/.v.
i::.
ilir iiicinlHiiiic Im' ;u((.iiii>li>lic<l in>i(lc u( 'J » imiiix I'f
,i,nv;.l uf tlir i.icinl.iiuio In liaii.l in s.invs n\..uI.1 1m' .lilVi
rult uwill- to til.' v|„;,llllf>^ nT tlir -rllllul im»;i;:<'. I"''
such imipn.M' 1 tn •_' l.'lOl.ndllUll- .,111111.1 CNt MU't . .f .■! <;. -t .
,,.IHMtr.i iriicc.'xsiis 111 iuill an ii.'Ui. uill ..H-'ii liav.-llu-
,lr>ii.-ii rtlfct: in <'\v'- Struarl i.'.-..iinii.'n.l> an iiiliisi..ii
,,1 janr.-i liriTicN aii.l anisrcl. I'll.' iii.'inl.i aiics ina\ 1k'
i,.ti i,icu\\> witii.Mii ill .■iv-.t i.ii iv\ ■ iiiK'*' «';'>>'• ;i
loii-.T time .■>iM'<M;.lly in waiin w.allit-r >h.>iil.l n"1 .'lapse
l.rlui.- iciiDval is iM'ilonn.'.l: if l.'H I'"' a l..n-.'r tini.'
,Miti. fa.'tiv.' .■liaii.u.'> tM'-in, tli.'.'..w tails. ,11 in Ii.t milU.
111.' ai.p.'tit.' ^.'l> 1 1-. sli.' -.'is .lull an.l L'scii^li. aiul
sill, lis l.a.lly. >li.>\vs l.»s ..f ll.'>li an.l may cn .'iilnally
sli.>\v si-iis .,r I'l.i.xl p.iis.min- .In.' !.• at)>.Mpl ion ..f liii!
pi.Mlucl> ..r piilifra.'ti..ii: a .'..w ..mt' alL.w.'.l !.• s'.i.iw tlit;
syiiipt..iiis stal.'.i is har.l to I'lin.^' ''ack t<> Ilt natural
n..(..l hcultli. :n la.'l is usually inin.'.l t.i all intfiits an.l
piir|H.s.'s. K'.'iii'ival sli..nl.i 1m- p.'il.n iii.'.l s..i!i.'\vhat as
loll. . svs: l.aiv till' lianils an.l aims, an.! aii.nni with car-
lM.li/..'.l ..il; ii.'Vfrii.'-lcft this piv.'aiil i.ui ..r 1)1. hi.1 p.,is.)ii
iii^ iiii.i .i.'alh may hi- the i.'>iilt: iiili.>.linc .>ii.' hand and
w ilh tilt' lin-.Ts I.miscii tli.' c.it \ Ichms scinirat.'ly hy i nii-
iiiii-- the liiM and scc.ii.l iin-vis each si. h- ..I' the .■..tyh'-
dou an.! th.- thiimh .111 t.,p. press .i..\vii witii the tlmmb
an.l lift with tin- lin-.Ts. thus pia.'ti.'ally skinninj;- the
iueiiil)iaii.- otVth.' Imtt.ins cDtyh'.l.Mis i : hefore removal
..t'lhe inemtiran.'a button h .'Is N.'iy sm.i..tli. al't.'r icm.ixal
it Icels r.ai-h to th.' t.m.'ii; th.'.oh.T liaml shoiihl he em-
phiye.l l.> tak.' up th.' ^la.■k. tlius i;ra.lnally ifm..\ iiij;
th.' aft.'ihiilh: .'onsi.h lahle time is ne.'.'ssaiy for the
proper performane.' .if the woik whm one is t.ihl thai
17»J
I''/' r'ninni i'li uu nl.-i.
"l"'l"' :il'' 'll I !"•• lilllloll-- .111 111,, iilcl inr >lllt;icc. Il'a
!■"■,-'■ l"'iliMii i^ r\li ii.l.Mi. a Wfi-ht iii;i> Im' aliarhrd and
III"' IlK'iiiiiiailfN .•Miiir a\\a\ (.1 t |irliis,.| \ !•.>: atl.T lrnin\;,l
""• ""iiil> vli,,iii,i he thisliril >v I iii-v(| uiii w nil an aiiti-
•■^"■j''"'- ^iicli a- |i.M niaii,-an;ilc nC |.(,ta>li. 1 o/., water •_'
'!":" l~-- "!■ • i"'"liii. 1 I'.iil. vvalrr ."pip |,ari>. 1 1' a li-v i-ii.sli
• ■(phdilhui cMvi.. ,|, !,-i iiiiii, ,i 1p\ iIic n-f (pT III.' Ili.a iii.ini-
'•t''f. IIH- llii^liiii-> -li.piild !„. ;^|\,.|| dail\. as s||ic(U .,1
"'•■ iiii'niliraiic nia\ lia\.. Ip.-i-h iviaiiird, AiiiiiiaK in
,U ' <-(piiilili.Mi arc mil a- lialp|c l,p|iii- cipndili.in a.^lliuM.
'""''•'■'•■'l- "!■ :il'"il''i-- S (• siuckiiii-n Ircil '.vlipph. iials
t-pc,i\\s t,pi a \M-,-k ..r luu lirliiiv (■al\ m-' a> ;i |.iv\ ,Mit i\ »■:
= ' 'I''" :iii'l fMiii|iaial i\ cIn chfajp nn'Mnid .if licaiinL; tliis
ti'ipiililr said I'l i.MMlcMrari lull n innMc-sarx cpiisj^t^ jn ih,
iidMiiiiisiial !Mii (pf hall I PI Ml lid ii.isfs ,,r jpiipwn 1 »,■ lara i
■'^'i.-'ii' 'I' :' pill' "l->\ inr, r.i lira led a I I \\rl\ r JHMir inlcrxals.
tli<' \Mpndi iii|..ciiipN> also |p,.|||M nivni in caso m wliicli
llifii' is aii\ dischaiuf ,p|- ,.rrcnsi\ »• sincll.
Inversion of the uomb, casJing of tlie witfiers is a sn i
nils rui,dili..ii, (-.pciallx 111 s,,\\v. males and ewes, and
•'^ ■' III''' iii'i'i's-iiaics til, fiii|p|ip\ iiiciil iiiiiniMJialclN of
111'' \ i'l''i iii.ii i.iii. it ina\ |pe dii.- Ill a i nii-h d,.|i\ rrx oi-
iniili'ii^.-d lain. I. Imp iiiiiidi iraclinii on the uirnilii'aiifs,
P < uiidili liK- lo la(d^ ipf 1. ■(■(!. i.iasa ifsidl uf stand
''i.^' ^^i'li 'li'' liiii'l ''lid lipwi-i iliiii tiic iViPiil cud. The
sinrkiiian nia\ lia\r tu iviiiin tin- (.i-,i;aii and slmnld |>if
[laiv hiiiiv.ir as ini ,r!iiii\al iA' tlie aflrii.inli; j,a\c (lie
:iiiini:il kr|il mi i|s Irci. Ihcii cliMiise ilir wiiiiili w ilh an
am i-iMilir siihii imi, I'nnlaiiiin-' ai-M laiidiiiinni -Jn/. inilic
'|iiail 111 III!' siiliii i,i|i, rfiiiiiv iiii; aii\ part ipflhc allri'-
birth that i]i,i.\ l.c attaiind; ilicn l.\ dipiililnm liis list
i:
llrc' iliiii/ mill Sijiiic (>l its F.lVects.
;iih1 ;i|>iil\iii^ it to tlif (ciihT ot'tlic mass pifss it stead-
il,\ ati'l ufiitis I'm waid. when the aiiiitial strains hciii},^
(iMitciit )ust to hold |ii> own; it tiic st laiiiiiiii is st'vcio,
piiicli tiic li;>(k. jiiii on a tiL,dit. stionj^ ;^irtli or j;ive a
latere dnsc. J'l/. i.|' laiidamini: « lit-n tiic oij^an is rt'tiinu'd
to Its plart' a rope truss or wooden pessary may l>e
a|i]ilied to kee|» it Iliere.
A [M'ssaiy Is a \ eiy satis
taclory in^tiunierit to nse,
and may lie made as I'ol
lows: TaUe a snioot ii si ick
! liri'e feet loii;;. 1 '. incins
in diametei , i.l one end I ii-
elean ra^^s around to make
it t lie si/e ol' one's list, at
t he ot jier end lioie a lioie
tliidii^ii till' st ick. till oiijiii
wiiieii a ] iiieli ro]ie may be passed: t!ie larj^e end i.s
passed into t lie ^enilai jiassa^e nnt il it tits siiiifr against
the neck ol'tlie wnml), the rope passed tiiidii,L;ii t lie otlior
end is by its two ends I'astened to a iieek collar and is
thus held in place. I'lii' leii<jili ol the r«j»o reijuired will
vaiy with the leii;j;th ot the animal: the pessary sliould
lie smeared with \aseliiie orclean sweet lard at the large
end, Straining alter the return of the womli may occur,
and if continued may he due to the organ not having
tx-en returned to its iiatnial position or else to the pres-
ence of soiihM)!' the nieinhranes. A certain amount of
si raining is bound to occiir, the result of the intro<iiic-
tion of the ]iessary: such may be o\('rc(une by a dose of
some anodyne, e. g.. lamhinuiii. Pigs" bladders and
IN 1 I HUM Ml \ I |;l
ii
ITS
' l( I iiiiiri/ i. 1 1 lit I iih.
I, ,||lr> |i,i' V lirrli ll^cd a-- |>c-.^a I lf-«. I)i-lli^ alliiWfd In ic
main ;ii |iii-~ii inn Im -.even \n Irii (la\s.
BI(>oilifU| .liter (U'liverv lii'iiim i liauc ' i> imt I'Hsvtncoii
linl and ncrd^ ilic allinlmii nl llic \ ctcn nai lati.
(iiirqet iiillaiuinal mn iri' the udd<T. niaminili-. . i.s a
cnndll inli niTIII III- III lllllkill'4 allillial^, nllcll t lie ic>>ult
nl' raiclc>^lirs> nj 11; Iml a IH-i', a lid ^rlinllN I n a L;lfali'i' nr
lc» dc-r<i' ill I lie iiiiiiifdiali- >> iii|i1niiisaiid t lir |iinlialilt'
if^nl;>. riu' s|iccilic (■all>l■•^ air: iniiiiio. cximMiif tn
cnld. n\ I'l ■-(•(Irl mil. iclrllllnii nr 1 1| |( ■el ln| I nl' milk. ill-
trodiirl mil nf l;itiii^. tiniii dn; \ milkrr^. uiicli'aii hrddiiiL;'
and <|iiarlci^. 1 1 -- jn f\ ciil inn m aiiiiiial> diiiin;;' lli<'
W'^aiiinu |'<Tind i> iinl liard. 1 lir iiicl lind-> arc a> t'nllnw s:
Maro iHtd In I"' iiiilki'd niit nica>iniiall\ . nr tlic t'nal
limited a-~ In the lllllllliiM n! Illiio It Mick Ic^ cacll day.
sniiir iiiiio aiv iiiilalilc il atlrm|il> aic midc In milk
tiifii!. and ilif\ ma\ ntcd tiic a|i|il ical H'li k\ llic Iwilcli:
liy iiuiiiiil; llifiii In wnik. limilin^ llic Innd and un inji'
liial InnddiN. liii' -ccictiniinr iiiilk \\\\\ iiMiallv t'casc;
il lin\\c\ci. It iici^i>i-~. tlic \ ctciinai iaii -limild Itc a>kc(l
In |ii csciilic. ('nw- di\ ca^il\ a> a rule. Inn easily tor
llie liia|nlil\ nl |)cn|ile: ll liia> lie iieeevsaiy tn milk
■>e\ eral 1 :iiie> daily alter cah iiil: In a\nid the Irmilile.
i;\se^ iii'ed eaieliil atleiilinn at wianinu lime, and >lmiild
lie milked Inr t \\ n nr three viieee-->l\ (• mnniiii^>, then nlic
nr t \vn milkiii^> at intei \ aK nl' niie da\ . then later at iu-
leiA al> nl' I \\n da\ ^; a> a rule, at the end nt' that iimc
llie\ are dr> . the --eeiet inn nl' milk ha\ iii.u' ^tnpped. The
pinper jin-~ilinii ill whirh In milk a ev\e is as I'nllnws:
(lei her with liei head 111 a eniiier. then ^Iraddle her.
.nil K\ li.'iiili \ ei t he '^heiilieid eaii reaeh eacii teat
Uridliiii/ iukI Siiiiii iif its I'iriils. 17"
Willi lil> li;ni<i-: ll lllf cWc U'lH'^ 111 l);irk ll|) ;i --li-ht
|nc>>iiir w nil llir cliiii ;il \\u- tall lirail ai if^K llic mii\f
iiii'iit. wiiicli il' rmwarti laii \'r clicikcii li\ |)rc>-.urf willi
llic Ull(■l■^ 111' till' lllllkil. Sn\\> air illlnl ll|t li\ ^lllll
iialh ifiiiiix iiii; llic I'l^v. lak mil; a'A a\ nnc nr I\mi al a
tjlllf. 'lie |iiiircs> lal.illL; alliilll a week 111' tell ilav>. It
I lir nif^pnim' ul any '>\ llir aiiimaK incut miiid aic iiii
aide til lake t lie milk -u|i|iliei|. it -In mid eii liei he milk<'d
iml liy liaml m li.\ aiintlier aiiMiial.
'I'lie >\ lli|iliilll'^ ai e: S\\ ell im; 111' I lie III |i ler, either nl
I me (ir llliil e i|liai tel >. t lieie i> ei m^ii lelahle heat ami [laill
|ire>eiil. the ]iarls heill.L; \el\ ■M'li'>lti\e In the lullcji, I lie
>klll llia\ he ledilelieil, aild a >\Vellilii; alnllL; the helly:
lliiek. riipv and hhiiid\ inilknia\ he disehai ^ed, t he ^ii|i
I lis lit' milk liiiin t he atVeeled jiai I heiii^ le---. t liaii ii>iial, t lie
ndih-r leel> hard tu the tniieh, ri^e <it' leniiieiatiii-e a>
>!iii\\ii iiy the I herniiimeter. 'The treatment needed in
mild ea^e- will mils he a thiiiiini;li iiilihin^ with elean
sweet lard. I'leNh nn'^alted iuilter mnil: reeiiveiy will.
e\eii in thoe (MM'^. he lia>leneil li\ a I In Hi iiiuii liatliini;
t'lirl'iirtx ti\etu >i\ty miiinles with watei aslmt a> llie
hand can iiear. I. el the (i||s|iiiii'^ sinkle m eKr milk tuit
lrei|ueiitly : if \ er,\ iiainl'iil n>e a clean melal milk tiilic
(teat >i|ilinn i. 'I'he t'liljnw iii^ lininieiit i- \ cry ii^cl'iil alter
halliiiiu or |iimlt icinn 'In' nihh'i:
I'luiij i\tr:ii| III' I'.illadiina \ niinee.
'I'nirlnre (iT .Vciuiilr 1 :iiini-cs.
'riiii-tnie of < »|.iiim :; iiinii-cs.
i;;i \V lill-i 111 nil In iii;il<i- I'lll.'ill.
A dii>e 111 |iiiiuat i\ !• medieiiie i> alsii \ er\ iix'fnl in
cuttiiiLT .'^iiorl an attack. In ^e\ere ca^e^ mmiic ai:ti>eiitic
ISO
1 ' /' riiKiri/ l;'h iiiciils.
I
^Imiilil lie adilcil t(i llif halli: t lif li;it IiIiil; hfiii;,' iKTlniiiM'd
t \^" "!■ Ilii'c 1 iiiio (l;iil\ . 'I"c;it si |.1m >ll^ sin ,ii|(l lie linjlcil
(((•(•;i>i(>iiall\ , and rarli liiiif ut iimii;; >li(iuld lie Miakrd in
sunn- ant isf|(i ic tm- ten niinnlfs; the teal sijilions slioidd
he oili-d licruic intiodmin- iiji llir lea!. A iist-l'id appli-
catiun Ini' -ai-,u<'l ii. ewes i-. laid and t ni pfnt iiic mixed to
a cirainv (•(in-.iNtrii(\ . 'I'li,. |,,v> nf a jiait nf tlic udder is
(iHcn tlic loull nt ^ar;;rt: ihr animal must lie \\alclifd at
liic ncM drli\fi\ as till' teat may lie |tlii^jicd;
sniiicl Mills sIllcllIM' <i| llir teat is the IfNllit, III
^ such cases a dilalni w ill lie needed, hainiii^nee
dies and i:.misc i|1mIIs sJKnild not tic used, as ilie
delicale liniiiL; i>l the teai mav lie iniuied and
*^ clusiiic nl the teat lie the result. Illnody milk
ma\ lie eiinsidcied as a s\ iii|>t(im <il' LTiU'Lict.
The ciintauHnis Imiii nf ^ai;4i't calls I'nr siiiii-
1.11 lieatmeiit with the iijeiitiriii ii.se ul' aiit !sf|»t ics
III addil lull.
Milk (ever, parturient dpoplew, parturient
paresis, the latter term the nmre tiKideiii. ;
Is the hai t' the daiiNiiiaii, it is a disease
\ |i('(iiliai til the cuw ami milii ultacLs litanj
I iiiii/,' is: a ciiw in tieshy cunditidii hefore
I cah iiii. is luedispiised to the disease. .Many
V thciiiies lia\e been ad\anc<'d to account lor
Milk ■I'lil"'
siH-ii- 1 h,. disease: the latest, that of Schmidt, beinir
liiiiiiiif,'. "
the one most ^I'lieially accejiteil; he elaiiiis '
that a iimiliid process i^oes oil in the udder l<v \\iiicii
poisiiiioas mateiial is produced wiiicii is alisorhed.
The sooner this disease appeals alter cal\ in;; tlie more
. . :.i .1 .1 ;.
Tirci'tliini 1111(1 Some of its l:'/}'i'ils.
ISl
'I'lic syiiiiitniiis arc wrll iiiarkt-d. r\ ci \ ilair\ man ln'ini;'
iiiiHT 111' l«'s> laiiiiliar w il li llifiii, piuhalplN llic lii sl m^ch
isaslij,'lil iiiislfadiiu'NS (iT ihr ^'ail. iin>>iim nl tlic liiml
l»';,'s and a swayiiij; ninimii wlini walkiiii;: lahT u.i tlit'
lit'ad droops, no iiolict- is lakm of tlic rail': llnac is
staiii|>iii^- of the Ird ami w liiskiii;; of ilic tail. |>aral\sis
coiiifs on; Iln' cow htcoiiu--- ^liipid and tlir cscs did!,
anil may iif on Hit- lii<-ast liour. with the iicad around to
tlic Hank or »dst' Hat ni tin- sidt-. 'rin- hrratliin^ is load,
tlic urint' and I'fccs an- ri-taiiifd and rnniination idirw -
ini; of tlif end) ceases, tlie anionnt of milk ;;i\eii is
lessened, and in hail < ase> Idoalini; may ocenr.
The most sdtisfcittorv tredtment is ot the /nrrfuHre
Older, l»y limiting the (plant it \ ot' concentrated food and
by ^iviiii,' a j>iir;;ati^e dose of salts jiisi lietore and iiii-
inediately after eal\ill^^ Schmidt's t real meiit is iii^hly
landed: it consists of the injection of a drii^i' i iodide ot'
potash ' into the adder \>\ means of a fiinnel to which is
attached rnhher tiihinj; and a milk tnlie.' ( tne or two
drains of the dni;^ are dissolxed in one pint ol <'old
hoiled w;iler, one fonrth of the amoiint t)eini;- siphoned
into each teal, the adder heiii^- well hand rulitied after
the inject ion; a one ounce dose ot'aloes is also ;;i\eii if
the cow is conscious. The adder iiijeclion may he re
peated twice or three t inns in the d;iy: reports ot' this
treatment seem to indicate that t\so injections at the
most ar<^ siiflicieiit for the usual cases. The following
treatment lia.s been \^•^\ siiccessfnl in the hands o| |)i-.
llut;o [feed, ol <inelpli. Camida: it is:
1 1 It hi- r iuvi-stii;aliirv n foinimiHl i hi ii.i~.il i.i' :i li:ili |ihit nf :i "> p. !■ I'ltil
sulutiou ijf lysol us thf uddtr iii.i' 'liKU.
I'Sli ]'i t'l-iiiiiri/ I'll iiiiii!s.
< ;;milin}r«' 1 iiiincf.
< ■iiiL'rr 1 I 'I Mil I"*.
( 'llMlllluIl ^.'llt ,'. |M>l|ll<l.
l-'|'-"iii -^^ill 1 ' |.c.iincl-.
I>iv>iiKc ihr ilxivc in lllli'f |iilil> nl \\;itcl ;i||i| >j.\\{- as
a llli-liill. 'J.\\r llllull-li a iiiIjIh'I ||i.-~c. -i\ Ircl Imii;^. |
ilK'li in illillin-lrl . pa^-iil ml.. Ihr -.|ii|ii:irli. li\ I Ills iiiraiis
:i\i'ii|iiiL; llii' ti'-i|iic'iil raiisi- nl <Iim11i hi IIitnc cases,
iiaiiifl \ . iiassau*' <i| l lif I ii|ImiI I lif w i chil; was. < >iic liciiii-
lalfi l; i\ <•:
(hlor.il II.Mlrati' L'olMiri-s,
llri'liii.lr cil |'(il:i~li :.' niinri'S,
disMihfil III a hull- wati-i. .iin- Imiii lain, .aif iMinili nl'
I lir i|Uaiil il ics aliiiv (■ iiK'iil luiii'il ail' l;!'''-!!. i f|>falci| at
I liifr Inaii inifi \ aU. Tlic |iaiifiil slmiiM lie kc|it well
licdilnl a nil pi n|ijit'i| l||i nil ll ^ I iicasl 1 mlir si fill II III , I ||t>
milk iliaw n nriasimialls . t hr in inc ami leers alsn lieim;-
reiiiii\ei| al le-iilar inlervals. ihe lallei i(\ means n|'
illjeet inlls.
Droppinq <jfler Ccilvinq snmel imes lei ineil wnll in ihc
tail ' neellls in snliie liel'ils ainl is ln'st lemedieil liy the
Use nl liei \ e Inll ies. i| nia\ neelir plexinlls In eahili;^ if
tlie ilaill Is al all weakelieil nl has lieell led illlinl III inlls
I'nnd. Ilnllnw hnlll. Wnll' in tail and nlhel diseases nl"
thai naliiie in enwsdiie tn siai\ atimi. are iml diseases ot"
tlie\aiiniis |iaits as ihe nanus wmild iiidieale. hence
t liese sn called d iseases a 'e lies er Inll nd ill ilel ds in chaise
(d j;iind stuck linn.
(II \i'i r,i; \\ .
[)ISr:ASE-S OF NOl N(i 3T()lK.
^onstip<ilion i> ;i iniiniMHi if>ulili' in l^^al- llu- li:>l Ii-\n
.l;i\ - iillrr Imlli. Ill"' I I "I 111'' il;iiii Mi-t pifv mn |,>
<lcll\ <■! \ mil li;i\ lll;4 liccli iif ;i l;i \;il l\ I- ii;il illf HI I he lit st
IlliiU (ciiln^li iilli \\;l-IMil t;lkili \i\ lllf (i<a\. \\iI1 tllli--
;n-cnlllll t'ol till-- 1 nMlMc III! Iir lii;l|(i| ll \ "I , ;|vi.^. I'.lUc^.
laiiili^ ;iii(l jiiV.^ ;ti'' i;ii''l\ iH'iiMcil. :i- llirx n-ii;ill\ uft
thf lirsl milk. 'I'Ih- si;^ii-~ ,,r i hi- inuil.].' :iii' -Iraiiiinu.
Iiiliillt;. I> 111^' Oil lllf ItllcU. (iiliikN -\ llllil"iii>. llir Im'|1\
liH'Ufd ii|i: liic |m;i1 ■.iicixiii- ill ;i li.ill lii-aitnl \\ a\ . ami
lllf mm iia»a^c n|' tf(r> an- alsi> icliaiilr iml ii al inii>.
■('Ih' iiicrt'ialilf \va\ to (.Ncrciimr llif Iniiilijc i>iii ilid
IIkmIuiii. cliaii.i^iiii: III 1(111(1 dl' a ninic la\al i\ <• iial iin'. c ^■..
liiaii mashes u illi lia\ -•••■il : t lie iim' <>( piii -al n c- cui a
tiial orMifli a Irmli'i ai;i' !■> i-\l rfiiirl \ ilaii;:ci "ii-. Tlir
I'll me r ma \ hr oiled ami int ichIikciI inl.i I lir i im-I iiiii. ilic
(•(iiilfiits III' a ilaik laii> liall liUr iialiiif icimiv.'il; ma
(•(iiic c'T xiaji ma_\ lif placi'd in tlic nrliim and Irll llific
'I'lir iiiicct Kill 111' 111 ic halt "iiiicf (iC l;1\ cfi im- iir 1 \Mi iiiiiiro
■ if raw liiix'fd nil in iwn m llm-f (Himc- ul watri- is
\('i'V iix't'iil and iiia> lit- ii--fd in pi clcifm-r In llic ■>iia|i nr
uilcd liii^icr. I.amlis ^inuiid he wahlnd llnii Ii!--! \\\>>
\vc(dv-> ul' iilc, a> llii' I'rccN i.'iid in -i irk liillic w mmI ai Miind
I lie amiN and lliii> toiiu an <il»la(lf In I he ].av-a.nf nT liif
iliiiiy,.
Sl
Vrtrriuilni Kh mi iih.
SrOU'S I Ml (llMlllinil) is ;,> ;| ,,,1.. Mini.. ,„ |,.ss srlio|I>.
Ilif.,.nl;i.i,riniistniin in <Ml\r>, I.tih.H .ill ,|i,,l,.|;i ,„ .|s.
• ■iilviN l.riri- .■s|M.cia|ls -.. Hi,.. i inch ..aiis.., .,| ...uii is
is III.. Iu.hI. .illi.., a. I,, lis ,|ii:,||is ,,, .,ii;,ii||t\. ,„ |,,^,|,.
li'iily in -n in- ii. in r,,;,|s ih.. ,|i...;,m- is .,11,,, .h,.. 1.,
""■ "'^'' "' i'liij^alis,., \..ir,,ni.. ih.. |,i.c...liii^r |i,,iil,|,.
(••"iistipalinii .; III,. .Ill,, kill- ..r waiin >ial.. milk. Hi..
'"■"■'• '"•'"^ \M.ikr.l ami III., inal .„ily allnu...| I., sin^kl..
Ill I..11- inl.TvaU: t..,, , icli.., I, ,.|, „||ik. \\ ,. ,,,;,y
tln-n cnn.M.l.T s..,iii. n, aii\ aiiiinal a s.mi,|,i in.li
K'-slion. II. .1 as a .lis.. as., in ils.-IT: il,.- |.„,s..,i,.ss ul H,,.
l...\v..!s l...iii- nil.. ..\i.i. .,,.... ,,(■ Naliii..-s..,,.l..a\nr |n.,\..,.
com.. Ihr llnnl.l... 1,1 .;,1\,., ..s|M.<lall\ Is s.-nmii,. .||„.
toov.T t, ...liii-, f.....|i,i- al Inn I.,,,- i nl,., \ als a n.l tli..iis«.
of milk .if a |.n,,i .|iialil.\. I.iinl.s snii,..| ini..^ s.-mu- i|||„.
ewes aiv ..n paslnif nl a ual..| \ naliii... -i..,.|i nals. ,.|,..
TIk' (lisc;is(. is snni, CX i.l.nc...| l.\ .-nli.kx pililis. L'Tlisa!
of f«>(..l. S..I1I- sin..|li,i- passa-..s, tl,.. passa- ' \\al..iy
r.vos with lapi.l i.,ss.,| s|,vi,jr,i|. ill s.,1,1.- rusfs .■ii,,l|..,|
milk is iiii\...l willi th.. ,|nii-.
'riif .•aiis.'s hrin- kimwn iji,. ijisl ||iii,m in U,.. nvat-
iii.'iil istn i..|ii.,>.. tlins.. ,.ans..s: ifih,. .l,s..as.. is s....|i in
its oailicst sta-cs -i\(. as l,,si.:
'"""•="""" I Jrain.
'I'in.tiiiv nl' ( aliriill I ,|,..|,,|
«='^'"'"il '."Zy i nnn,...;
The (Ins.. may he lai-.T .,r sniallcr (I.'p..n.lin- .ni th.-siz...
"fth.. animal s.-.- ,|.,s.. laiilc p. l;;7,. I.in,,. \val..r in nn.-
or iNvo oiiiHc .Insi.s r,.,l ui!l, ill.. ,„iik i.s „s,.f,il in ..vi-r
romin- a.'i.lily aii.l ih.. , s...|n..ni iiMli-.-st i.,n. r,.als
atlt'cted with in(lij,r<-sli.,n du.. In ih.. .janrs milk b.-ing
DilWaSes nf )'i-ltlli; Storl,. I ^"•
I. Ml I icli >lnplll"l ll:l\c t'l' >ll|.|.l\ llllilNil. IIm' lii;llr liclll^;
llulUcil III! the ;;iuiiimI. :iim1 ;i i|i'~-f nt |.i|p^lii ui\''ii: i^l^^
(•;:iis \\ It li 111 ;iliil\ ami --I'V ii ;il ol lin ill uu> aic uHcii itc
uiiiiiiciiilcil. SiiliiMl rail' 111 lij^iii nil III ■^iiitalilr iliisc'> is a
\ci\ \ aliialilc ill 11;; u li'-ii tin- il il:''>' iv i- liat-l of mhiii;,'
aiiiiiiaU 1^ ill an ii lilaMi' t'luiil il imi.
Navel-ill i> laliiri a (111111111.11 ili^rasc mI iMiil-,. iic<a>ii>ii
all> nt'cal\f> ami laiiili>. 'I'Ih' iiiim-mi 1- In he a"ln|pt<-(l
hy I Im- >I<M-Uiiiaii air I Im^i' 111 a pii'S rut 1 \ 1 rlia 1 arlfi . >ii( li
a> ilifs>iii;; till' na\ !■! w it li aiit i^ipl 11-; lia\ i- 1 lir ma if In
Inal nil llir .i;ia->. ami it tin- ili^ra-r ha- a|p|iiaii-il. tin'
t lini(«i'';ti lii^iiili'il lull I'll 111' iMaliiii: iir cah in^ liii\ m 1 lie
laiiil)iii^ I I'll-, a- the ra>r iiia\ l>i\ Tin- -\ iii|.tiiiii- ^linw 11
ait' I'rN a-fisliiH'-.- ami const ijial imi. lii-> nl \ lum'. Immii;;
i|iiilc ijiill ami ii'luclaiil tn -iick; ami laiiirmv-, witii
SWfllill^ III nllr or imili' jiiilll--. Ilir latlt |- s\ lii]itulllS.
laiiiiiu'ss ;ui(l |)ii»ilily a swi-lliii^ nl a jniiil iiii-lfail tin'
a\ fia^t' sIncUiiiaii. lie t liink- t In- Inal lia- licni stcjiiMMl
iipnii h\ tlif (lam, ulicii icall\ the cau-c 1-. Ilic iiit 1 diliic
lion ot' LCciiiis liy the navel. The na'. rl. instead of
(lr\in;; iiji ami (lio|)|iiii;4 nit', remains nii ami is elaniiiiy
In Die Iniicii and tap like III a [i] i< ai a lice. I'lie later
.■^tajjo.s e\liil>it iiini'e s\\ ell 1 n;^ nl |ni nl s, Ini Hint imi nf all
sccsscs and exliaiistinii \isiiall> lei ininal inu in dealii.
'I'lie urine ina> trickle Irniii tlie na\e! in tliis disease,
'i'lie early elll|dn,\ luellt of a \ el( I inai iaii will only lie
|trotitahlt': lliedtatli rale is lii-li mi accniinl nl' skilled
treatiiieiit heiiij,' Lri\ lai tnn late, .'snme anilimities con
sider lliis tinidileas caused liy the same i^enii as that
causing (■niita<;i(ius aliorlmii.
%-
I
sis J I
P: -■ ■
r-t
>i SI
'''^'' VilrniKirii i'Jniimls.
FAILURE TO BREED AND SOME OF THE CAUSES.
iliiKlinnccs tu iv|;r.i.|ii(i ion ;,,." ihuiin in miinhcr iuid
\:iri<-(l ill Hicir natiiiv, mhiii' (li-.:i>.vs may iciidcr tlic
''«'l";llr l.a>sa-rs iinlil Inr tllr Irllili/in^ ,.l,.,ii.'Ml ul' (l,,-
iiiiil.-: 111.' iii.li>(ic.'i IIS., ni III., iiial.. may liavc caiisnl
"k' iiial.' r..|tili/iii- .. I.. III,. Ill I,, ia,|< \ i-or <M- 1.,' absent
• ■nftfly: m;iir..i nial i.ms. ,m- 'Ii.. a.'li.Mis .if tli.. animals
iM'foiv aii.l iliiiiiiM maliii-. may al^u iiii,.i in., uitli
l>n.|...r Irrtili/alinii. ihns cunsi imi iii<; stfiility ..r lur-
r.Miii...ss: ii mii>l Im- iiii,l..rst.H,.| tliat tii.. laiilt is as likdv
•" '"' ' ' IIk' iiiiiiiials 1)1'.. II.. s«.\ IS ..I 111.. i.iIi.T.
Sterility or bdrrpnness in maL'siniJi,. majui iiy ,,| Cases
''' ''"•' ' ' ' <" I.K'k .•r.'XiT.is... Il..siiim.>s aii.l till. |,M. iVc-
q lent iis..,,r lu.i.ls ,,r a >l imiilat i\ .■ ..r lal Iniiiiin^- nature:
i-J.) II. .\t t.. these (■aiis..s. is ..\..iiiHliil-,.n,.<. aii.l mastiir
l>;iti..n. <liie to i^'ii..i;iiic.' ..r .iipiiiiiy ,,f iji,. ,,wne,-: r.\ )
"111 M--.'. I 1 • eliaii-..uiClimai..: . :> -|.a>iiMir tli.. iiivlliia.
tiihereiihiMs ..r .liM-asi.s ..f a \\.ak..iiih- naliir... ami in
Hi) stalli.ms, iMM.r liaii.lliiio- al llii. lii rma.iiiin-. Tin-
ciiiises h.-iiio^ kni)\vii 111.. ,iii-,. is ..vi.ient. mi .liii-s\ ill 1,,'
<•!' us.' iinl..ss th.. calls,, is i-..m,,\ ,.,1. I,, a,l,lili,m i,, t'l,'
leim.val ,if liie cans,', .'iiIi.t , i , oc , 2 ,. ^rjv,.
I'.\ in|,li,i-|.h,'ii,.,ir Iron r iiiim-rs,
I'll. .-phi. I, ,.r /in.- lso|;iins,
.\u\ \-,,mi,:i, |„,\N,|,.iv,| 1 ,,iiiic..,
iiiixe.i ami ma.le into l\\..|il\ hmi- ].,.\v,l,.is. <,||,. t,. 1.,'
.uiveii ill tiie le...i ilnv,. t i lues , Jail \ : i|- (111,, t,, cause (-J)
limit s,.i\ i,.. s,... |,. 77 , ,„. „.,. ;, .1,1,. 1,1 ,,, i„. ^,,, ,.,.^,,11
ilealers in ra, in- haiiie-s >ii|,|,li,.s, ami -i\,. ,.\,.|-,.i>,.;
ai'climatii.n. which i,.,|iiii,v. a peiKHl,.! \eail,.ac-
Pisi'ilsrs <>/■ Villi in/ Slnrl:. is,
cuiiil.li^ll. will nvficoliic the tli>ili)lf ifdllc t.i (Mlisi- ' i
•.|);ls||| (it' tll»' llictllia. nl ]i|nil(llic>--. ;!•- il I- tcriliol 1,
linrM'lllcll, A ciillillt icill 111 wllicll till' |>ciii> rclli;lill> ficcl
iitlcr iii;iliii,i:-. rci|iiirc-~ llif ii-m' "f •■"I'l w:il<-i' almi'^ the
ciiiiisc nf the llictllia ami I ln' \ fin iiiaiiaii U> prrscrilic.
ill smiir (•aM'> a sccuikI -civ ici' ii\ itcuiiii'> ilic cuiHlil i<Mi.
wliich ill till' lir^t iii'-iaiMT jhcn ciilfi! Ilif pniiKT (lis
(■iiai';ri' of till' v.-iiicii. ( 'aiilhaiiilcv ' -.paiii^li ll> iiiii^I on
iiii acciiiiut l)i'L;i\i'ii liv 1 lie Ntiickiiiaii.
Sterility or biirrenness in t'ciiialc^ i^ iliic tn a -similar
iiiiiiihfr dfcaiiM'^ >iicli a- > I llf>liiiif» ami lack uf cxci'
(•ise: {-} a clnMiic or . // ■ a llalili\ cumliticii ul' the os
( iici'k uf till' wiiiiih'; . .i ■ iiialfiii iiial h>iiv; | iirolmi^i'il
ciiiitiiii'iiri : ."> aril! roiiilit iuii 111 t hr vauiiia. llic roull
nf :ibiirtiMn>: ii'taiiii-il atlrilni tli^. i-lr,: tiilii'iviilii>i>. in
ami ill Itii'i'iliiiL:. li\ hriil- an- aUn ir^iiiin--iMr Inr iiialiil-
ily to ]irnilnri' nll'^iirim:. Sliiilii \ . diir tncaii^c < 1 ', may
111' nvrrrnliic hv 1 ilrc"! i II- i >i tlif Use nf a |ill l -at i\ <■: a
t icatnifUt iiuitc rulllliiniily I'lillowni h\ nld idii lit I \ hlcril
ITS is tiiat of lilcciliiiu iiiarr> a >linrl t iiiir lu-lnir mal iii^:
if failmr til cniicriM' is iliii In raii-r> ■_' an cxainiiial imi
will ni'cil to 111' Miaili'. t 111' animal i>Nciiiii'l\ I in! or otlirr
w isi' rcstrainrd. t witclii'd or diii' toir foot liiicil. 1 lir liamls
anil arms haicil. oili-ii ami lu'llaiioiina appliiii lo tin-
tinu'i'i's. wiiirli arc formcil into a coiic. then llic endeavor
is m'litly and gradually made !o dilate tin- neck of llic
wdiiili. which done, mal in- iiia> lake |.lace in marcs: it'
due to ( /( 1 the use of the ucL.t ill capsule, a nietliod ill
tiodiiced l»v Mr. .las. .lolnisiuiie. o!ihc I'-ncdcis' (ia/cttc,
("liica.L;o, will lie found \ ei \ Uscriil. in fad in maieshaid
loyct witii foal liic capsule method is woith\ of a trial.
1SS
Viti r'nuini Kh ,nr)its.
ivsiilts iiitlic liiiiiiN (,r sr\.-i;il Ijivrdris w ;n r;inl im cx-
t<'n(|<-." IIS.' nitllf CiipMlIc Ini this |.,,l|.us.-. Tlir caiisiile
iiiftlinil is ;is Inlluvvs: I'ldciiivii -fliilin caiisiiif ( I'laii-
lf'll"s lirt',U(Mi(l 1 nllf llilir nl- (ill.'ullllCfca|(;icil\. tli,.:i l,;,vt>
till- iiiar.' siTVf.l l.y the slalli.iii. niini.'diatclN altcrwanls
iiis.Ml tliccapsiii.. I Willi ilifcap ivm.ivcil iiitu t hr va-iiia,
•''P "P ^^i"i il tlif s.'iiicn: 11, «• capsiil,. (•..iilaiiiiny- llu-
sciiicii I Irilili/in- .•Iciiinil nC Hi,, mal,. i is thru .arricd
InrwardsaiHl pass.-il tlmmu'li tin- n.-.k os iiilu tlic w.nnh.
uli.-iv it i> Ifll: llii> iiiclli.,,1 iv |ik,.|y t.. h,' \,.|y usfliil in
tliusc iiiairv that fjiM't tin- v,.|iirii altera scix ice. Tlie
'■"'"''"""I "I' 'Ik' iiniii!,- iii.inliiaiic lias h,.,ai iiiciil inncl
aiiiuii- III,. ,.aiis,.s. iiiii.iv-iiatinii J:, ii,,t |il<, |y t,, „c.Mir if
llifiv i> any di ,.liai-v Imia tlir xa-ina, th.. iiii,.,.ti,,i, ,,f
a SKJiiln.ii (if 1.1)1 ic acid. |.i'iiiiaiii;aliat.. nt' pctash i.r liak-
iii^' soda (III.' nun,-., ill ihiv,. pints ut' ,l,aii water two
lioiiiN Itrtniv iiiatiii-i- iiia.v ov .■rcaiic the acidity, which is
iimiicdiatcly fatal tu the sj.ci iiiat(./,.a. (hnmic lnillin^^
ill cows is best treated l.y >i.a\iii-- and fatteiiin^' l..r mar-
ket. Sterility i harfemiess ) in sheep ,,i rather a small
lamb crop iiia.\ 1i,- due in addition \n th,. caii^.s already
""•'I'i <1 a> altiMtin- either sev. p. the ewes l.einn- ],.(•(
iiniiucked nr uiitaL;-ed. thus pre\ cut in-- th,. pi,,p,.r p,.i-
fuiiiiaiice of the act of 1 .reed i ii<,r; the latter (.peratioii
(ta<;i:iii^- . si 1,1 h,. perforiiie,! every ,\eai' pisi at tiie
boginiiiii- o| tile l.reediii^ sea>uii.
Ill,
( II Ai'ii:i; \\i.
THE COMMON FARM OPERATIONS.
Securing animdls for operations. Met lnnl^iil Iv'tstniiiil —
As t'lc stdcU Mian's jiatifiii^ will not listen t«i reason tliey
li;(\(' 111 l>e tied of olheiwise restrained Cor all operations,
in horses we iia\e llie twileli. noose twilcli and 114)0
twit ell. the side line, the tlirow in^ liarness ami I lie >tocks.
The twitch, consist inj^ol' a loop lar-e eiiou.^h to jiasstlie
hand throiijih (one (iiiarter inch lope ). is fastened to the
end ot a stick, jiiect' of a fink hainlle about two feet lonji'.
the loop applie<l to tlu' niM'"'!' lip ;iii<l twisted seveial
times. The rojie Iw itch is ^icneiallv know n a> the i'.ona-
parte WriiUe: take a rope, make a simple knot at one
ri\t\. ei,iihtecn inches from which make another knot, so
that the first knot can pass tliioii^h its loop, thus having
a loop at one <'nd of tiie roiie. run the free end of tin- rope
thion^h the noose, a >iii>ple form ot halter thus heinj;
made jilacc tin loop in the month, the halter part i>\vv
the head, make a halt hitch with the freeeiid of the rope,
pass it over his head and under his upper lip. draw mod
eratelv ti;;ht. The noo>e twist consists ol a rope with a
loop which will not run. at one end. the othei' end is
passed o\er the up|iei part of the neck, under the njiper
hp and throu-h the noose which should he high up on
t he check.
Ihe side line consists ol' a rope, hohhle and a collar:
the hohhle is applied to one hind foot, the rope attached
mi^
Wj
I!l(>
\'' I'liiHlri/ IHiiiii Ills.
:iii«l mil ImIwitii llic IcufL-s ami up tliKiii-li the ci.llai-.
IIh'II <|nU|| l|||,,iiol| 111,. l|,,l.l>lr ami u\> (III ijic ,.iil>i.i,. (,r
""■'""'' llii"ii;;li III. • c, liar a-aiii. liif altcmlaiil lai^'s
I lie If- a- Wr^iicl. ami ImliK ii m lliat |M>silhMi liy uiasp-
'ii.~ ''11 "!•• '^\ I'.'i- i(,|,c>. al llic |c\<.| Ml' til.' sin. III. Id-
jniiii. III., ihr.iw 111;, hai ii.-,s vari.'> w iih ih,. ,,|MMal..i-. ;i
(Ilea;. .Hiilii .■:.ii>i-.i>(,f ;i >tr,>ii- Mircin-lc. with iimi rjnj^s,
I n l:"" IN'- \ l|..l:~l, i ..i; ..ii i, \ i i,.\>,
t\\.. Ik. hi. I..... ai.uiit r.iitv (>'i-\ ..f Ihiv.' ,|iiarttT inch i:,p(..
;iii'l a .•.iiiplc i.j- >ti.iii- 1.-- viiaps. ham.' >tia|.sinay he
iis.'.l. I'll.' ^iii.-iiml.. is put ..11 111,, animal, a l.mu- rnpc
;i|>|ili«''i I" ill.' headstall, iim tlir..ii.uh a riii- ..nth.' hack,
the In.hl.r stamliii- \\..ll m in.nt ,,|' ,j,,. ]^,,lsl': the near
I'li'-t'Hil Is tie.l up p. the siiicingl.' II it i> (It'sired to lay
Till Ciiiiinioii I'linii ( tjuTdlions.
l!tl
111.' ;(iiiiii;il nil ils near >iilf: tlic n|(ri;tt«>i' inill> steadily
(111 the ru|ic, lliii> draw iii;^ tlit- lirad toward tlic nIV llaiik,
wlini t lie lioi ^c will lie (low II and <aii 1m- tin! sfciiit'ly
Willi tlic liohlilcs and lojics. the joi incr lifiii^ plact-d mi
tlif liiiid ti't't. whicli arc drawn ii|> lo tlic liody and tic<i
a> doiifd the other joiclei; may lie >tia|>pe(l to the siir-
i-iii;^le also.
Ctittle tail In- >eciiied liy the linlldou' foreeps in tlie
no>e. by iia-^ini; the tail in lioiit of .me hind le;: ami then
A >l 111! Hi'l'l !■ I'll! 1 lll;nU INI..
'i'\n- tic 111 I lii!i-li >linn!.l Im' iciwii- (low II Ihr 111 rk. I In liai'i-: hili-li .-Iniuiil
li.'six 1 lie 111- furl 111 i ;ilir:iil l.i uliliiin l Ih' t" si n siill-. ■|'liiil> fi .-l ol iii|ii'
i>i rt'i|Uiii il.
draw iiii;- haekwards oil it. .ir hy throwini:. t'oi- wliieh a
loiiii rojie is ie.|iiired w iti; slip noose al . ne end, wlii'-h
is fastened t.i the head or horns, the tree end heiii;; passeil
around the li.niv tw.i oi three times to t'orni half hitches.
mi
l!»:
Vrh rliHini I'/rmnits.
In |Mill„,t,.M..a.|ilv.„Ml,..,.,,HMlu.;,l,.lo„„.nis,n,n|..v>.s,.,|
= ""' "'•■ •'"""•'I l">'inUM. u|„.,,. ,, ,„.,, |„. ^,.,,„,,,, ,,y
liist,.nmu l|,r hall.., ;,n,| t llr Ini,. (....tlu ;, s| ,n„o. s,.,.„i<.|y
><•! l-nst, 111,. IniHl r,...l lM.n,.::s,.,.,n,..| .n„iruliat similiirly.
Piys «1h.m lar.u.. a,.- l,...! m.,.„,,.,| l,,- ,,|;„.,„^. ,, ,„„;^.
""■'■ ""• "l'l"i law ail. I rasi,.,iiii^r ,,, ,, ,,,,,„^. j,,,^,. j,.
■^"'''" '■^'"••"l"' '"■ i'lac...l -m il,..,, l,;H.k>. ail atl..|i.laiit
sittiii-Mia.ldl.. ,,| ti„. n,,.k. ra-iiimh,. hin.l parls ..f tlu"
1 il>.h
" \^i.| IN'. -Ill I r. |vv i~, MS-IS i,.|:
I' I II I i: M. I "i.i.cc.i-:).
^^2 MilKiuu. 3 TiM,n„,n^r,..,an,l ,„,-,,,„„ ,„, ,,n.n,.|,.
I"-- 4 I :ii.hii,-, 5 •riin,ui,i-.
'"■-•• '"■"'"• 1''- ••'" '"■ .Uias,M.(i uiih i„,tli i,;,,„|s. ,.a(.|,
'"""' !"'l'lii,-,.iu. ruivan.l ,hi.. in,,, I I,.- i||,. l,;„.k nf tlu-
pi- iM.iliu i,iv>.r;\ lii„,l\ ;i;,;nnM ,l„.i„,|,l,.,..
Sheep a,.. „>ually ..aii.uhi l.v .ahiii,,;; i„ |||,. Hank with
""■ ''■""1 "I ll„. siiiu. .>i,l,. a.„l iiniK.,! by tlie sl„.pl,enl.
■ j'
iln
'1 hr ('oiiniKiii I'ltnii OjM nitidiis. \U:',
w 111. liiiir kiiccliii- (III 111.' iKMT side plac. > Ills Icii anil m
llnllt nllli,. sl„.,|,-s l.l.M>|, lijs ri-hl liaiiil at lllr -aillr
liiiii' i.asMMl 1111(1. T ihr helix -laspilic (.1) Ic- iiiNi alM.\(.
IIm iKick. pulllll- steadily \N ith his I |o||t 1|:|,,,| ,1,,. ,1|,.,.|,
IS i.laeeil lai its ii||ii|,. ,,,, whieii 11 Is ic\(,l\e(l. (he s|ie|,-
'"''■'' ii>iii.i; I" l:ik«' llie |'nsiii,,ii at llie aiiiiiial'^ Lack, its
li«;i<l l.etweeii jiis kiiees. Ldmbs are held 111 a similar
|i'isili,,ii t(. thai deseiiiied luisiiiail i.i--. I(ir siicli (i|(eia-
I mils as ddckiii^-. eastral in-, etc.
'I'lieic are eeitaiii (ii.eiati(.iis liiat the stdckiiiaii is I'n
Miifiillv called upon to (i(i: si inple t lioii-h Ihev are cer
lain I'recaiil ioiis are iiecessaiA to eiisine ihe -icalest
anioiiiil of success. Ihe a 11 1 iiials usiia 1 1 \ allected are not
of sllllieiellt value lo Jlistily the e\|ieilse (,ta \ eteliliai\
^nr-'eoii. 'I'h'. |irinci|.les-,.\ei iiiii- the healin-of u .uinds
^lioiild lie iindersio((d. uith tl • chan.-es that l;o (,ii in a
pari diiriii- rejiair: Micii an 1111(1. ■rstandiiiL; will prevent
'he injiidjeioiis Use of diii-s such as caiislics. ninanls.
etc.. and will impress , ,11 tile siockiiiaii thai no materials
he iiia\ a|>|.ly will lieal a wound, l.iit that Nature heals,
and tliat liis I reat ineiit or that of the sm ..,.,,11 is ,,iil\ in
Ihe nature oi' .assistance. Once that fact is t hor.,ii-lily
appreciated, wounds can he scieiil ilicall\ and thereloiv
>l'ccessfllll\ treated. The intlailllliatolA process has heeil
dcsciihed; l(.llowi||;,r that lie will (,lle|l lilid that pils
matter I is present in woiinds. the hact(■liolo^|s| will
Icll him that piis is ih,. result of -erms thai jiave
olitaiiitMl entrance to the wound, .and when one remeni-
licls that ims is made up ot dead cells. (les|i,,ye(l h\ those
;;ciiiis. the methods of w d trealmeiil are simplihiMl
and (lie s!(M'!c !!!:! !! \\::-- ■•.\-:: ;:;:-!ii:-...l !! :....:. : ;■
•'■"'" •*:.;"*' c :*■: ; ; ; : : ' j :■ 1 i i <" ; j > i, .^ i * I
I
■ ^ 1
I '' 1
Pl
!.'
MM
I I li riimn/ l:'/nin iils.
\\\\:\\ \^ Isiiiiw II as t he |,i>lriiaii m anl iMpl ic 1 1 tal iiit-iil
(if \\(iiMnl>. I. In \\a> IIh' tallici nl aiil ist'iil ic siii^'<'i\\.
t li:' ailn|il jnli of w hicli has I ti I llciil I lir llliirl a lit \ l'«'>lllr
iii^ rmiii \miiiim1> 111 \(i\ Miiall pmiiui t ii'ii^. Wiiiiiids
lit'al ill Naiiiiii- was^. (ic|icii(|iiiL; "n ilic ■>c\fiiiv of tlic
wi'iiiiil aiiit Mil' iiiaiiiiri' in w hirli il \\as iiiliiilcil : fxaiii-
plt'N of \ aril •! lev 111 w (III iii|> arc i a ricaii ciiN a^ iikhIi- I)\
a sliaiii Uiiilc. llii>i' a^ a lulc In al ii-ailil,\ : i li i |Miiict mcs
faiisfd liy iiiiiniii^; nl a Miiiil iinii\ into a jiail, >iicli as
tlic imiiil 111 a slial'l. ii'|iaii nl' llii> \aiifl\ i> nIuwoi-
and tiic iii|iir\ i> iiinic >i'iiiiii> iliaii llirlii'^l Igiid: (c)
larnal iniis. Icai> >iirli a^ wiiiimj-^ inailr willi a --aw I'l
jaj;';i'cd (MJ-nl i ii-~l i uiiiciil : icjiair i^ -^Inw in llicvc \\(lll||d^
and pus !■- iiviiall\ ainiiiilant -. d i iiniisc- in which case
tlic sk in is laiciv luukcii.
.Maniifi' 111 liral iiiLi nl w niimis:
1. Bv immedicito un!un, Ihc pails arc luiiii^ht tn^'cllicr
ill cxaci cniiiaci and iiiiilc al ihm-i-: ihcir is \ciy iitth'
iiialcnal .iiiIimI in 1 ii is case, t hciclnrc an\ inllaiiiiii.ii laii
present niiisi ha\ i' lii-eii s' iL;iiI.
■J. Union by first-intention, in liiis im m the divided
e(l;;cs are ula/ciiii\cr l>y a lliiid iNiiipli- lliinwii icit
flolll thelil. nr lln' clnll lllu nl' a lilill lillll ut'liinnd: this
iiiateiial ImUis liie jiails lo;;-eilicr imlil periiiaiicnl union
ly cells lakes |ilare: Ihe liiiid has In lie n.ii rid of helnre
pcniianeiit iicalin- lakes jijaci'. a sear lesiilis rnuii tiiis
and liie I'nllnwili- liiellmd. I'he lynipll tlirnwu ullt
heenmes \aseiilar, i. e,. litilc .capillarx ■ iijnnd vessels
Inrni ill il.
■'). GrdnulcUiun is tlie <-niniiinnest t'nriii nl' healiiiji' in
tlie low er aiilllials. il is a ledinlls nrneess aeeniniianied ii>;
'/'//( CiDiniKiit i'liiiii Up, nitidiis.
105
■' '"''■ '•> ''"■ l'>iii iilicii n| |,ii>: ill ilii. I,, 111, |\r,ip|, is
"""'^" '""• " :MrllllllllaIrN. 1,| | x ,...,, U |.„.,ii m j|, rrUn
'■lii-l.-iai.. 1111(1 111,' \(.»,.|> .■uiisliiiiiin^ -laiiiilaiinii li>-,|p;
""' "l'l"'>- l.<V''l "I l.\ln|.li r.ll. I. ,|,.M|,,\r.| ;,1h1 tlir.,\Mi
ilV :l> |>U^. il l|;|v. l|uu.\ (■
I . ^(1 \ i«l In pinlrcl I ||r i|r«'[icr
iay.'is uliicl, Iniin a ti..,ir i v-..iiil.l n^ Ihalollli,. pail,
^la.luallv Ih.. .liM-liai-v m piis .ra-..,. a n.u >iiilac.. , the
^'■•"■'- ^^'"''' i'l '-"l"!'. I- I'"Mii.m1. wIiicIi -la.liially .lisap-
iM'ai.saiMl 111,, u, .1111,1 I. .aul I,, ]„■ li,aic,l. liili,. iiillaiii-
'"■"i"" ill -i «'Hii,,| i-, Nii.'li,Tk,.,l. ,„• ili,.|,- I. ia,'l< ,.r
l-r.-Miic. llM'siiiail v,.-,>,.|s. ,a|,illaiN Im,,,,,. lM.,..,ii!r ,|is
U'U>ir,i will, I,',„m1 aii,i,-,mMiliii,. uhal i> kii,.u ii l,y cvciy
'""■ ='^ I'l ' "'■-Il (,^iaiiMla:i,.!i tKMi,. . Tw,. ..111,.,'
lii''lli,.(i> ,,r luMliiiw ai,. hi, „„;.,„ „r Im, ,ir<nnil,tlin„ s„r-
/"r.s. all,! >n„lrr „ .r,,/,. All «, ,1111, Is |i,.al ..smmiI iali y in
tl>-saiii,. niaiiii.T. \i/.. I,y lli- -i,,xvili ami ,,i-aiii/ati,.i,
"Incw lissii,. rr,,iii 111,. ali,'a,iy cMslJn^r ,,|,|,.|. ,i,,,„. ,,,•
till- pails.
ThegenerdI trcitmenl of wounds ma\ 1„ hii.iiy slat.d
M- lnll..w.s; FiiM i,,s|,,p 11,,. I, I,.,., lino ;,,m1 n-iMn\,.any
loiri-i, suhsiaiH-,.. Mi.'h a> .liil: >,•,•.. n.l. •,, p,,,t,.,.t f,,,.".
u.TNis: liiii-.i. ,o hrii,,- tl„. parts as ,l.,s,.l\ h.^.-t Iht as
li"ssil)l,.. k,.,.p,l,,\\i, ,.x,.,.ssi\,. inilaini,,ali,,ii. aii,i |.i<'V('Ht
""' ■"■'•" ''"'"'I "'■ <lisciiai-,.s. A w (1 is said i., Ih'
li<'alth\ wii,.|i ,t l,M,ks like a ,l,.aii cut: u iila-ail liy u 1,,.,,
II ispalc. (•.,v,.i..,l uiih pus. small .•l-,ts,,r 1.1, „„l,,r pn„i,i
11. -sh: ii.llain.Ml ,„■ aii-iy >■, hen li,,l and .,f a dark red
••^'li'i': in,l..l... I ^y\u^U thr l,r,.,vss .W l„-.din.u s,.,.|i,s slnpp,.,!
'"■'"'" "!'■ P>"P<'i- liiiic. ,.. - . a sitlasl. II may he siatrd
;isa -,.ii,.ial iiilo ll.al ila u,Miii,| cMili .s,liy. ami i;,,t
iii -rii, liiii;^. i.M.ks laaiiiiy. riv., ii,at it sii,,ul,l not 1m»
1 ' ti riiiiini I'.li nil iif.s.
i'i'<'i Ii-i.mI u Mil. Iiiil il |.iiv I, ,1111^ It .||,,ul,| !„• \\:,>|i,.i|
'■I'':lll "IK'' "I I « II'' :l 'l.l.\ W nil rl«M|| Will liMl Cdld w.itci',
M -\ I IIIU'' "I |p|((r Ml I liic-c i|,,| Il do iiul lis,, a s|M(n;;(.,
I lie iliccsr cjolli iiii he litnnl allci >>|l('f ll>l|il,' . I llcll
:i|ipl\ -diiir aiil i-.-|,i ic s.ihiMoii Ml ilr\ a iil is,.|,i !.■ |,n\\.|,.c.
Control oi blciMliiu) lu'morrhiii|»' i-iln |ji-,i iliin- |,,
'I" 111 '■"Mii.TiiMii Niiiii \\ u. ;,. III,. Hiiiiiars lie,, hinixi
iiia> \ci\ -MiHi IJMU a\sa\. ililii- l.lrcil inu i>rniiiian ar-
li'i \ : liliTiJiii- 1 1 \ ciii- a^- a i !,',■ iv scl,|,,in ilaii^n mis
Miilrs> llic aiiiiiial 1- Ml an alrcail\ w fak,'!!,.,! coiiiiil ion:
suiiii-l Mill-- lilciliii- i-aiicstii| l.\ ilii' mill raci i I'llic
iiiiisciilai coal Ml 111.- ail<-i\; an ailciv |iailiall\ rut
1 li|-i)ii-li w ill I Mill iniM- Im li|,.,.,|. « lien il ,-iil iifl\ cut aci-Ms.s
III'' I'liTiliiiL: «ill Mil, Ml siMi,. Mwin^ Im III.- la, -I llial the
niiix'iilai' i-.iiil I at-l iMii iiii-nl imim-<I li(-<-MMir> |iii>.>iI,|,.. Siii-
.Uii-al iiiciliM.U .iT s|m|,|mii- lilfi-iliiiu air li\ iIh- ii>c of
lorcc|i-, iiciiMiiiMiiL;" l"i-i.iii ' I w i-iiii- ,, II, t|ii> I'oiiii tin,
'ii\ I'll''! ''iitl ..r I In- ai lcr\ i> -ci/cil li\ tin- foK-t-ps anil
Iwish-d iinlil It In.-aks l,„,s,- |i,,in Ih.- |oic,-]i>: I lie ciiias-
<'iil;itiii' :nnl «(-i a-.-iM art' 111^1 1 ii in.- iii ^ pari iaih work in"
on this pi iiicipl,-. tlic\ i-iiisli the ,-,,ai- .)!' ih,. \fs.s,.|s;
l>in-. or liuatiMf. ;i-> it i-- ii'iincd. ^ijk, Iwiiic ciil^ut or
III 111' r iiialii lal-. an iisiij 1. n t ln^ pin pM>c; si n pi us ari' oc-
(•.isi.iiialiv n-i'd. ll;.-\ . ,iii-.- cLii t in- m| 1 h,- |,| landlliiis
slop the ll.iu iiif(-l:aiMi'all\ . lor -mli piiijinscs lincliirc of
iron. 1 IM prill in.' and Ml Ii,-i- ihn-s aif w^i'd: tlir li.ii iron
I eaiitrr.x - i> a l>o I, -I la 111.- lor I 111-- piii pM>.-. in d.pckin;;- and
caslial iiii; of lamli>, aniKMiiH-l inir> Ml lior>.-s. in I In- iarjirr
aiiiiiial.-. lilri-ilin- iiia\ .ir.-'ir u hrii llir >,-al) Irjl Iroin tiif
Inirniii- lalK oil. iisiiall) ah. ml ~.r\ en .la\ - aflrr 1 lie oprr-
al ion. riir iisr of dirt> nial.'iiaU. -^n.-h as <_-i,ibvvrl». .■ai-'h.
riir ('ininiiiiii /■'iitm ( Ijn rulinns.
m:
• ■Ic. i'' (l;iii;^iTiiu-^. :i> I hoc iiiiil- miU diini roiiinin ;^ci iii>
111' \ ;l| iull^ (|l>c:(M's. r. -J,.. |(.(k|:i\\ lil;|||i|^ . II,, I u.itfl'
;il>'i\<' 11" I". ' "I icr riilcj Uiilrl will ,| !>, , n| , ,| , 1 ,|,-,-( 1 1 n;,',
W.lllll Wah'l flicnl|l;i-i- ll. llir |i;i||cN .liciild !„• cltMllcd
:ill(| (lijijifd rivi|llrlll l\ III Ihr ; 'll 1^,1,11. -(.Illli, 111 u ll, -11
illONili;^ :l n ,, I. Slih hrv ;m. nnl li-rd :i> ll ci ilclit I v
a-> Iniincilx ill \\,,iiiii|v ,,; ainnial.. ihc |i.,\\ ii liil inuMnlar
" Iiaclimi iiaid^ 1,1 \,a\ lliian mil, m ci^cs ,,{ scmtc
\waiiids III.- \ rifi iiiai iaii >lii.iild lir .ailed TJir iim' ni'
-^||(■|| iiiitaiiK a^ and^. I in |iciil inc. ^,il|. .-ic.. -.ci\c no
u^clul |(iii |i(i>-c .III a lic-h wound wlnai r.niijpaic,: w ilji
llic pain laii^.d. >iicli malciiaU icall\ lend i<i li indi i and
lllll-> |ilC\rnl tajiid lieallll-. ihcll ll-r Is ;i|-.u liiililc In I,-
■^ull in jtfi iiiaiicnl srai > '<\- iilcin isjirs.
Annihcr rla» i>\' wcainds h, i|,.;i| w hji ;,,,. 11,,,^,. l<ii,,wri
a> liacliircs ^ Incaks . 1 1|(.\ (.cn ii in hn ij -i i n,i nrcs, niicIi
as l.Mii,.. ditr.Tiii- tVi.iii Ihnsr alicadN s|„ik.n ol. wiiirli
aic III' snl'l I issues.
IfdCtureS rei| cexpell dlessi|i-:ind llie a j i| il leal inn
111' liaiida.ues and splinis in ij,,. |;,ii:er animals: In eahes.
laiiiWs. ],ius and |iniil|i\ ihe sinekinan eaii willi little
tinuiiie hind iiji the |.|i.keij pall and s;i\el,,ss. i''iac-
til res I Ineaks . are 111' \ ai iniis k mds and \ ai> ureal I \ in
I lieir SerinllSliesS; ^elieiallN s| ,e;i k i nu'. il I lie ends nf llic
lioilOS CXfenii llllnll^li Ihe skill. I lie ease is nnl Wnllll
IxitliciiiiL; with. I'raeliires mix lie si i ai;. hi aems.sa Imhh'.
<'ii the slaiil nlili(|iiel\ . ni leiiL;! ll w ise: if the hmie is
Itrnlceii. uitliniil eMeinal wmind. il is termed a sinijile
riactiire: it' the limken ends dn cnm mil nii'ale with an ex-
ternal Wnlllld we iia\ e Ihe enlilpnlinii rracliiie; irihelinne
1 ;..,.. : II
n»s
Vitrr'niin ii I'l, i„, nfs
"""iit.-il: jr,,.,.„>tirk ii.Htni,., .„.,., ir ,„ \n„n,; ;n,i,n;,|s
>li:ii |i I. Irak, li.nrc |||). In in.
Union of (r.irturcs l.i,,k..„ l.,,i,.>, lak-. ,.l,,... s
what a-. I(.||,,«^: I)
"""- ""• liiM ihi,.,. ,|a\s inilaiMii,
"""^""' '■^"•'^'""N i..„,l|,^ ,,11. I, III..,, lull,.. ,NN,.||1|,
''•'> ^"" '""••"■'1 i^lliinxMi.Mii aiuuiMl thr k..n,.|„|s.
'""' " ""■ '"""■ '- l'"ll"^^ .il-.inll„.||,,||,.Nv .|,arr: 1,\ t|„'.
•'"''"'^' "' " 'iK-M-l^lllV-IH.t h....|, .||s,,||1m..HIm.
'"'" '"^"'■"■ll lnr„l|,„„..| ,. rhaiu,. In I.,, Mr ,|„.|Mo-
kiK'NMI a- llir ,,|..\|s ;,| ,,,||„. . lullnum^ lliis via;;."
Iiiiit.'iial Ininiv Ih-iu..,.,, III.. iMnk.M .imU, Im.iiio lal..| .nn
'*''■''•'' "" "•• "'"'l' I'KM'-^tak... al.niii lu,, ni.„illi.s
^.''"'"' ■'••'.^ '""""- 'I'" lMMk..|i ,,aii.: iln> mat.. rial
l">ni- "lul i-lMinu„a.||,...l..|ii,,lu.Malliis: if , ..•.•a.si..,ial
'""'"■ '" "I 'li".'n.U.,.rm .lining I |,i> .la^-,.. .•..M,i,l,.t,.
""'"" '^ ""' l"--il'l-. ihhI ill >„.l, ,,,.... 11,., „, at,. rial
"""'^ ' '"^'-■"1 "I' I-.'..,,,,,,;. l„,n.. iak..s,,„ a -iiMl\
''"'■'"'"'""■ ni.al-ui,.!, nini.-Mi l...>,.t||i..?.x,.,.ss
'•'•••^'llMslo||.,u.. i.M,allMaUii,u...s..,alM.n„llis.„ |..ii;r,.r
'"''"''"''•''■'■' = ""'• l"'i;,i.. iIm.,„.„is,|,.. ,„,i„, .,, „ ^j,
shown liv ,..i..|,lai-.i,H.|,|. HiiHlv I h.. t r..al MM.,it .-llVa..
llin-S...MI.siM, II, l.lil,;;,,|;r ,|„, 1,,,,,^,.,, |,^,,,^ t,,o,.,|„.,.. ^,..
"'""''"'^' ""■'" '" "'^" i"'>ili"ii l',\ vpiiiit. aii.|"han<la-..s
ii^i>:.ll\ I.. 11 ,.ii>,s in...v..n ,,,,,!,.. .Iranian., aii.iantir,.,,"
"••"■"^'""••"' "'■""■ l-a..|u,.. ifa rnii,,„„n..l ..„.•. ..„iin.
'■'■^' "'' ""■ l'^'"'"'"" '">-" l''a>< till..,, inuntlis. in a w.-H
'»''l«l«''l -li"M i„at..,iai. >ii..|i as.ui s, raw, >i,a^ i„..s s.w-
<li.>l, iHii.miMMl i-x.;:is..^n.u.|, ,„u.iti,.i,.. laxatM.-r.
^""^ •''"'".^ nfon...,, in,.a, ,i axailal.l,.. Fran u n-s , nay
''•••l"U'<l-.l '.,\ II... l.n.vn... ..rsM.l.i,.,,. ,,.„.,,. |a„„.,H.^^
I'lii' < 'tiiiiinnii I'll! Ill I till rail
\W
ili'Icii mil \ III' till' |i;iil. wiiicli r.iii III' iiiii\)-i| III iiiiiiiil iiral
illl eel lMii>. ;;lc;il pall.. li'Vfl. ailil tin- ;^l.lllli;,' ( ci r|ilt ll> i
(I I I lie fii(l> 111 I lie I II 1 1 Ms I n^cl liii . I "l arl iiif iij I lit' I lliia
' liiillr III' I III' liiW I'l I ll l::ll ^nlllll IIMf> iin III -. W il jinlll di'^
lilacriiiriit. Iii'iii:^ li' 111 Ml |ilaci' l>\ llic -liiiii:^ jm nu^lciiiii.
I 'i act Ml (•- III I ill I lii'i •>(•> ai I- alw a\ > liaii^i'i iiii^. in ;. uiiiii^'ri-
liuix'-- Ihi-ic 1^ |iii-,N. iiil ii \ (.r icpaii. It ::i\iii |iiii|ii'r IrtMl
imait ami niir->iii:^. li ad iii !•■> nl the IiiimI !»•;,'-. art- limn'
^ri luii^ than 1 1 II IX- 111 I III' till (• niics. Ill I li«' Till iiit'i' if altn\ c
liu'liiii'U, iiiilc-^ III \t'i\ \ miii;^ aiiiiiiaN. ait- iiMiallv iml
wniih tii'aliii;^. Siir;,Mral i>|i('i at imiN aii' liclli'i a\>iiilcil
il' iiii-<siiiic (iiiiiii- ii\ iiiiic III III aiiiiiiaK I'ai aihaiici'd in
|irc;4iiaii('\ .
Dehorninq i-^ a ■«iir;^iral niirral inn ii>uall\ iicit'nriiK'd
iiiicallU'. Ii\ uliirli llii'v ail' I i'IhIi'I I'll iiinii' laiiii'. ami
riiii-ri(ih'iit 1 \ imnr i'a--il\ liamlli'il. M\ r\ pi'i iniri' i^
llial il [iiiipi'il\ ilmii' liail ii'^iilK air \f\\ tfw : rattle
will nllrii ;^'ii null! liii'alin;^: >n|iii' rnu^ will iint cvi-ii
>liii\\ any ajipn'rialili' >liiiiikaui' in ilini milk: I'm' the
I'liiiti'iil III liiilK this iipi'ial mil i- : mli^pi'ii^alilc. 'I'lic
iiprraliiin i> Iti'^i pn I'ui niril iliniii;^ rmil vsrat her, m) as
111 a\iiiil llii-s. ilniiir^ till' pi'iinil liuiii ( ictiilifi until
A pi il : lir>l icsiilt^ ail' iililaiiiril in \ carl I iil; ami t w o vcar-
iiltl cattlf. Till' iii'>l nimrnt > in Lii'iiiial iinc air tin- clip-
|i('is or saw: I ]irct'i-r I lir ruinicras lirin^ liamlicr. call
iii;i I'or li'vs i'i"-t laiiil ul' the animal, ami il kr|it in ^uud
-•liaiif. wi'll niii'il ami sharp, dn jiinI a- •^i.hhX wmk. only
ill a i:ri'at dral h'^s t iiiic. Itii'i'dini; trniii I hi- oprrat ion is
raii'l> si'iiuiis: in lira\ y inilkiiiu' ruw'^ it nia\ siuiH'tiiiics
iii'cd atti'iit inn.
■_'(H)
Vfti rhidri/ /■'/>, ii>)its.
■^"'••.■.. .1,,. I,ai,;U,lM. l.;....„r,|„. ,,„,„ ,^„,, ^^,^,.|_,^^,
^"""'""" ''^"•'-""" — '•m-,l,..;Mnn,;.llua s.rnn.-pnst
"■'••axd: :i vtaiicliidii
"I'^li' III' iiM'd: iiiMTl
Hie liiilMcio ; :i iKisc
l"l'''|'M IIiIm IIic ||,,s,>
:iii'l (liaw ihf licad
aii.iiiHi t,, III,. t|;,,||<.
Ilif u H lalHi ihrii a|i
l'li''> . lit' i-liiiiici- ,,\ cr
tli<' .•\|,i,s,(| hoi II. and
I'l iii;^- II a> close to
/■^^.^ 'Ik' ln-ad as i.os>Jl,|,.,
V;:^^ Ihc ohirct lirlli- to
/>^\Vcfe?^ H'iii(.\f alioiil one-
' "'I'l i:- V M' i;i I. Mm
I i>K< 1,1'^.
''"""' ""'"'I '!"■ -l^i" ••il-n^^ Willi 111.. |„,,„. ilnis ,1,.
^""•'"'~ ""•'""" inaliK and p,..\ ..|,t inu 1 1„. .,om|. of
'""'-''"> ^'"'- ''• ^'i^- ^'MH,. |ook,i„li..adlH. ..a,v
'"""-" ^'l'l'l> ""■ -■li,,|,..|.,l,ai III,. ,.|„ will >lo|„. in-
"^""- '"""""• '"■""""■I'i-lH.ni l,as... ;, ,,„i,„,„,
'"'"■ ''-'"''Ini^ihai oMlH. An.uus. u,li ,,..,.11. \.s
'^""■'"""^^"■'•"■'""^•■'1 Pi' — 'IroHoi, l.anii,^ al.o„l
-""""-""i ■KniiiMlicina,,. dipiH.d III hora,.,r
"'■"' ' l'"«'l''' ^"v |.lan.,l ,|.h, ov..,- ,1,.. ,,„„,„| ,,„.
'llic Cniiuiiitii I'linii Ojinatldiis. •_'(»!
iif>rimm
liiiir i> llicii (iiawii n\v\ Ihr liatiiii;^ and lint' striiifr i i)ai-
<•('!) tic(l aiuinid the jinll. tliii> lidldin-- tlit- Itatliiiii' in
place. Cahi'^iiiax l.c ilrlnu iird li\ raiiNlics, uf wliidi
sc\cial varii-I ic-; air ,iii llic iiiaikct : a clicapci- inctliud,
JMNt as-ui.d. i> to l)u\ caiiNiir iJiila>ii in llic >Iick ruiiii at
I 111' diiiL; stnrc. Ii will !m- iic(c>^ar,\ tn u i ap clnl li alxnd
it wlicii n ,i|M' or tlic liiiufi> w Ml al^u lie caulcri/i'd. it is
applied armind I lie 1 la'^f of ijic ii(iiii>, pi>| w Ih-ic Hicy
jiiiii liif skill.
Tapping the first stotidch or pounrh is pci tuniicd in
caltle aii<l sjiccp whni liadl\ hlnaled. llic iiist niniciit
iiM'd liciim j<ii()\\ii as ilic ticicar. a pninird rod. and tlic
1 111: [ IMI \\: \ N I. r \ \ 1 I \ \ N I. Ill I I ri N. H
•■aiiula a liuH.iw lulic; il caii also he iiscd lor liiii^int;'
I'ldK Till' ojiriat ion is pntoriiifd in tlit- nppci icri llank
:il •! |ii'int cipiiijishiiii rriiiii Mil' jioini ol'ijir jiip, thf last
riii and t lie iioncs oT t hr loin, llir insi riniicnl hciiii;- ap
pli''d lo I he jioint dr -ii ilicd. is -i\fii a siiai p tap and
puslii'd in its lull Irii-ili, ilic trocar w it liilrawn. liic-as
'II'' siics oiii of I he cannla. wliich ina\ )><■ Idt in loi
li\c or ten iniiMiics. Th,. ]..ii!ncli is Ilic oiuan lapjicd in
call Ic and sheep; the lapping of horses sjioldd lie let'l to
ihe vetei inanan. i.'iiiiieiKiloiiiN is an evteiision oltjiis
V
i'
t^
I'Ol*
Vrfn-iudi 1/ /■:/, iiiotfs.
oiMTiilioii lor tlic iviiinval i,r r,.,„l
I'liiiH-ii: tlic n|)ci;iii(pn w iicii dd
iiiji ami ifiiio\;il (if iis CMiiifi
111 (Mscs (if il||p;ictc(l
lie. Cdllsi^ls ,,r III,. n|i,.il-
■llts ;|||l| >f\\i||n ,,p i,^, ^^^^,
VH.Ti.Uui:.,,. It .h,,„l.i .o/l„. IHI In llH- ..l,.v,.„tl, l,n,n-
-'""' ''-"I'sl'-llnu «l„.n |.Ml„,nH-,|..;„ly aii.l NMllianti.
s<'|)t ic prccaiit imiv.
■^'"'I''''"" >"n-als„,av iM-Mvatr,! a lit l...,,! i,- ,|I\
" ■^•"''■-"■i|-"la'lli...iv,.|,last,., tn .Irau tl,,. u.„n',.l
Castrdtion iviiMialls ,„ ri;.nn,.,| n,M.,,li>.ai a \ -ar ol.i: if
li^lil ill tlir ncrk aihl ;.,,.■,
two \(ar>. '111,. ,,|„.ialiM
IH.IMCIS |||,.\ ||,;|\ 1„. |,,|-, ,1,1, j]
" '" <'"i"' '-illiri- ill 111,, stall, Ijii.i;-
oHyiii;; |.usiii,,|,: ll„. tiiM i>lia/aiWn„. an.i i,.,,,iin.s an
:ij;il<-aiMl,.x,„.,, ,„.,„. ,,„. ,i,.„K,, ,„,.,.,,, ,„.,„^ ,,,,„ ,,,^,.
•■:iiiiH.| M... what is I,,. ill- ,i,,iir. and
'I nil. till. .s. ,.|,... ;,„. ,,,•,.>,. lit. ,„!.• is
lint ill a piisit iiiii I,,
ovnciiiK. thciii: if
l.\ ill,:;' <li>\\ II til,, cilt
is tln,iw II and s,.
(•iiicd as d,.M| ii,,.,!
'I'. l:"»'. a cN-aii
'K'iiii; iii(.f(.rai.li..
lion >i Id iiof h,.
Iln/r.^s 111,. ,.,,1| IS in ,,,„„/ l,r„llli, , ^,^.-, , , ,,,,,,.
"'•■■■'■siiitsan.|M.ti..r,faninat^rasst„, a l.-u davs l.as
<nst !„...„, .l„a,n...|, Tin'in.tii,ni,.nts,i....,l,.,la,..(h,.;n,as-
::?
Tin' Cniininni I)
'nil < >ii> idiiiins.
culatm- and a cavtiat iii- kiiilc w liicli slioiild he placed
an 'atiM'ptic Milinimi ten nii'iiilrs hct'ore nixMaiin
Ilic liaiids and arms lii'ini: al>n clcanx'd wil
II li I Ik- saiiif
niatfiial. it i- alM> - 1 inadicc lo r\aininc ilic |iailN lor
ruiiliiit's. clc.
'I'lu- essentidls to success in caslialiun arc: tlitin>iii//i
rhiliilnir.ss, "(,1 l,y III,. |,|,.|il ijiil „,v, nf <liilis,iii;,-s. (/iiixl
I, III 1 1 h -M tlictinif nf u|i;i:ii iciii: and rnrcisi artfiward^:.
'I'll*' xaninni i> si.j/rd liiMwccn Ihc lin.i;ri- and llininh. so
a< tu tiylitcn the skiii ii\cr it. and a -udd incisinn i I'oiir
iiiclit's or llH'icalioiit>) made over iln- t<'-,ti<'lf. li^dit
tlifon;,di 111.- coNci'in-sof t la-.tcM idc. wliidi w \\l Hhmi |io|)
ont. 'I'hc cniaM-nlalor i^ apjiiii'd well (i| tliccoi'd. llic
loiijili cd-c to ilic liody.aiid thr handli'sclosfd. tiic toticlc
i(ino\«Ml, I he operation iiein;: repeated sinidarlv on the
other t<'stiele. S f ihc anti>eptie nia\ he poured
into llie wounds, tin- eoli Id up and ^tai)le.l lor eiiiiii to
ten liours, when it >iiould lie turned out with the others,
il ii mature horx". hileli and -ixe a >horl dri\c or slow-
work: il<'old rains oecni- thi' eoli must he >Iahled. The
wounds should he examined oec:i>ii,nall\ in order to .see
t hat thev ;ne kejrt ojien. t lius in>urin;: t he draina<,'e :iwav
"l':iiiy pus. Il -hould he rememt»-red that the testicles
III ;>lts may not descenil nntd twfhe months old. smue-
times as late as two years old.
Bulls are casliat.'d slandin-. the head heinj:- lie<l uj)
solidly to a strouL; jiost. an atlendanl al e.ich side stead
ies him. the opcratiu- slamN sipiarclx heliiiid ihe hull,
.sei/es the scrolum. ^dve^ it a half turn round ami draws
it out helween the hind le->, the incision is made Croiii
nearly the lop to I he ho| ioni .il I he >ac. I he test iclf (li'aw ii
II
-'" VeU-nnari, Elnnrtits.
'"" '""' •■"•""^••■'' -'"' 'In. ,M,K,sn,l;„n, ,„• tlM- r.n\ is
S(-ni,,..,I sl.nvly with tl,,. U,„,,. „„til M.v.Mv.l: tlH. n.nniu
iMJl'l.-st.H.-hnn;;,..,,,,.^!.,,,.!!:..!^. Calves a,v thrown
"'"^^"- ""■"'"' '•'■■'"•-">">'""I nif. ,h,.„.MiH..s,|,,,WM
•;'■<■ '■astn.t,.d ,„;, ...Hilar m;u, l.,,,,;, h-hi a. drM-rih,..!
Iii'ais may he ux-d
"III. uiiirh iua\ bo
•""■>^inall i>i-s. til,. |,njr,. ..r ,|..ckii,o
'"'• laUi.i- nir the |,i,.,.,. ,,| ,1,.. ,,.,,,,
I'-I't any h-n'^Mli drsiivd.
Rams;uv..aMra...,i >,n.,larly ,.. |,„1K. .„. u^ Uunhv^
',^ '"'"'"■'""'•>"" ''^'^- '"""NM)-d „,.un his hannHn.^.
'•'''•"' "I"!'''!'" -n.t.ni, to.,., i, ,„„ .„,,„. ,^..,;
"'^'•■" n,. iioldlh,. ran, and huld 1 1,,. h.nd h.-t n„
'"••■"■^ •■"'^" '" "'•■ '.V- "nl...s y„n u,sh t., „, to tin.
''■""''''■"'■ '>'"^' ■'•^''^<'" -i "l-lH- s,.,.„un. in on,.
';■""•=""'"'"'""•""-'■ |.i.ss.lH-,..s,i..,..s „..|1 „,, into
""''""'> ~^" ''^ '" "•^"' ""■■'i looM. in.n, tl,.. ,.nd ofth,.
■ --"••'■yon ..an uM.alh t....| tiM.n, .^n r uav. nonbr
""■""'""" ^"""=''^'"-^^""-'" ••".. at a tini.'inv.Mttln.m
:""''"^"'^"' "''••'" ""-'i-'H.saronn,! ,h.. ,.o,d or nntil
■"^•wist..d,„i„. This, on uiii lindisno, ,i,....asi..st
•'"'"""">""■-"•'""-"'• V -an ,H1 .h.-nth,. nnd
'■"'-■sl-l ..t.ht l.y l.ass,n;,th,.|,n,..,. alon:,andtn.lin..
Ox'siH.al condition an.l thr hardness. Whn, v. H
••-»"-'-l I-. it draw n,. ,n,o th.- so-K.., so i, .ill not
""■■'•'^"■'< '-'^l-'-nd ^p.uh,h.^o^o,H.,al.. on llH. other
••"•■• I'^'^mK lliMu iH.ihdon,. ti.llM.sa.Tlos,. np with
' ""••"'■''■ ''"■ 'i^l'l-nnu^lMo ,n,...nt tii^n n,,
•'"^^•"^"'-""'■,in;,l,a,.k. <Mttlu.s,nnKsMrar...rM ,o
;'','""""■■ ''■■"-^",.1 |.:dg..r.on. lo.a A.rindtnral
* "'■•J '" ""^ '"<■"'"••' gvrni inlt-cM.n.. .so nnirh
Tlir ('iiininnH I'urni (fjn mtioiis.
•J 1 1.-)
(lif;i(lc(l in v:uu<: is iivoidcd. AikiIIkm iih'IIioiI laiidcd
lp\ MiiiM', mid wliicli has licm tried at iln- Stat ii>ii i W.
I".. S. is to tic a sliunt;- curd ainmid tiic sac or cud as
close to tiic Itody and as ti^^lit as possiMc. three days
lalei' tile sac and stoiu-s are cut away alioiit an iiicli l>eio\v
tlic cord and an antise|)jic ai>|>]ied to tlie cut end.
Caiioni/iii'i is tlie operalion iiert'orined in renio\ iiiy
I he testes of ]ionltry.
Spdyinq or rdstration of t'eniah's may he perl'oiined in
the sow. hitcii and cow. rarely in tin' mare unless a liad
i\icions) actor ' e. u.. switcher- and kicker in Ininiess,
tile surgeon >lioiild he called to ojteiatc on mares, and
"/(/'.s'.s t he stockman is expert on tlie licii'ers also. |''e-
males t hits operated on I'atten more readily and are not
siioject to the periods of heat; if a sow it is placed on
its iii;ht side and secnred, the upper liind le^ hciiij;
stretclied hackwa:ds, an incision is niaih' \erticallv just
lielow the region of tlie loin, the hand passed in up
towards iiie hack and tlie ovary felt lor. when found is
drawn towards the opening, thus diaw in^; tiie horn of the
uterus also, rendering; the other o\ary eas\ to <M't In
you n_Lj sows, both ovaries are draw n out and snijiped otl'
at once, if old sows only one is exjiosed at a time and its
ovary removed. I'he operation may he performed on
the cow oi 111 iter in the staiHlin;^ posiiiuii. the incision
heini; made ihrou^di the upper left Ihmk at the spot
selected for tapjiiiii; a cow. a stroiii; scantliiiLi iieiujj sluiifr
inra'ilel to the cow at a level a little ahovc the knee and
hocks, the head should he fastened securely and the hull
ilo.i; may he inserted in the nose. '|"he incision is made
w itli a knil'c throiiLjii the s|, jn, the operator c;iu w it), i,is
L'IMi
y<l, I iiinrii Eh i,(t ids
^' '"'"••"'^' '-^"— .l"-nl,„l, „„.han,l.:, m,,.!.
;•;■ '^^" ""'■'•-'"I- ^Un.,„u..|...:nHl ,,..,,„..„. U,..
""■ "'"""' ""^'■""•'■- -■ i-n. :,,,,h..,| .,.„,,„. .,.,„.
■ '^"^ "'"—-'""Mi,,,,, .„,,„„,.■„..,„,,. ,„.
"'"■'■^""■"^ ^ i '-Is ,..M„I„ .,„,,,„ ,,. ,„,..,^^
;ill<'r\v;ii<,\ |,,i ;i r,.„ ,r,^^
Ruptures,,,:.,,,,.,.,,,,,, ,,.. :„„| ,,„„,,.. i,-.,„„„^,,,„.
"""""''"• '•''■^"'-""•'"-'--"M.,.„lua,..r. ,:.,
"•■"••'-saiy In M;.,„| ,|„.:,„,„,;,i h..;„l .1„„ ,„,,,,, ,,, ^„„,;,|^,^
' "■""""■'■ "'•■'i''U'-. : .1,,. „...,„„,., „ ,,,„„,.„„,
;"'"■' ;7'' -"•■'"" '""'■"-'•• -n-n:..., ,■„,„„.,.,„„'
";'"""-"""^ ""■'••'■'"'"-'"•-. -nil,.,, >..,.„,„,.,,.
""•'""""■ "■•■•""■'■"-i'-ir.--i.>.i,..i,„H.,,,..„„„„|i;
""""'■'■"'•'^"""■'■^'--■'■' — ";^l-.nll,:„Mv;,n„..„i; „■
''"';V;-'"""^'^'^' i "".;„.. Ma,...l:., ,.,„., i
si, mil, I !„■ ..m|,|,,\,.,|,
''-"""■^^""' ^"l''"'^-".. .„„,..,„„... ,„,„,.,..,i ,„ ,,„.
''''^'"" '" ""• ^'""M, „;;,., „:,! I„.,„„ .„„| ,,„. ,. ,„_.^.
;;""'—'-'"'..,„ uhaM>l.„„„„, _.,,„., ,,..,„,^, ,,^
"'"'""■"■'•^'•""-'^ '-"-^ -shHp,. „....,|..,|. „„.
""■""■'■"■'""''•■ '"^""-1 '"•— i^nll.-n .1,.. ..au.. .„■
S(_'\('|C cilirk, s, |,,|,t
i<'\f<|. 1„.|.|,||,|.^ |;|t;|l .
'"■Ill,<.>s nf altack. r,,l|
Till' tfiiiiiiiHi I'd rni < >pi III linns.
liV,
till'; II |) like ;i ilii^. |(:i\viliL; t lie i;iniiiiil. sweat Iii;,Mhm\ il\ ;
tlircuid ( >|ici iiiai ic will Itc tliickciiril and (lie Mintiiin
Icrl cilil Id the tuiicii. Ill Niicli caNt's j^i\<' a lai^c iliisc d'
laiHlaiiiiiii. I lircc (Hiiico in half a |>iiil of raw iiiiscrd oil.
if |ii)S.sil)lf lliii«\\ and Iiiiii llir aiiiinal nn iK lla^l^, and
alter idlinj;- tlic liaiid inlmdiirc it into ihc icct nin. and
l>.\ ^ciil Ic tract ion iii>idi' and w oikiii- miLsidc llic l)owcl
may I'c rctnrncd.
Stirrhus cord i^ a (li>ca-c ot' tlic cord >|ici mat ic -. tiic
rcMilt oj' tiiii;iii> in\ a^ioii lollow m^' (.loi i-,] j, .n : in. cvpc
riciicc lias been lliat all llic msc-, >ceii Inid lieen opeialcd
oil with claii'|)>: it' the cord hecoiiies ini|irisoned i)et\\cen
t he lii)> of tlie w oiiiid iiiaih' at castration t his condil ion
may result, henc.' the necessity for examination of the
parts a few da.\s alter castration, the woimii slnnild llieii
l)e hatlied willi a warm aiitiseplie solution. ///< ojirnilnr' .■^
liiii/irs liiiin/ cliiiii. and if the cord is in \iew. as de-
scrihed. It should he pushed n|) into the Miotiiin. Tlie
symptoms of thi- eiilai|;einent > so much tliat people sav
the animal was not cast lated - o|' t he cord are. riischar;,'*'
of pii> for montlis after tiie operation, st raddlin;;- ^ait.
some stillness of the liiiid (piaiteis and even h.^s of tjesli;
for tliis condition ^ivc lodiih- ol I'oiasli. • to three
drams dail\. accoidin- to the a-e of tlie animal: it' that
does not cure after two to three weeks ii>c ,,i' the din^-.
the snr;:eoirs aiii will need 'o he iiixidNcd.
Bleeding of Animdls lias uoiie out ol fashion the result
111 the swiiit;- of the pendulum from tln' other extreme:
It has. jiowexer, its ad\ aiita^es. .md ;it such t imes is \ crv
lienelicial. especial 1\ in such cases ;is t'oiindei' • hi in in it is),
roiiL'eslioii of the iuiiL-s and hraiii tronlJe^- it sI.imiIiI
1 ^
•i
.'(»,s
I <t' riiiin-ii /:/, ,11, i,is_
•■""'^■•Il-MM>. WlH.n ,lun.. ,1m. 1,1 l.lHH.I.llM. >:.U,.M
';■'"" "''■■'"-'""'•^''''■'•'l'"^ " •!:•■ I.'H .n.H.I , ,,..
;"'""""' '^-"■"" ""•■'""", n.Mll,,,,;, ,„ |.,,K,;,u,..|,. ,s
";'•';■' •'"'• ■'■'"•' — Kl.'i^ilH. , ..uu-u^uu
;''"• ""■I--"- M,.. :.:n,n:.l s|,„„M ,,,,.. I....,,,,,,,,,,.
'" •''"-""'^'^•-"I'l„. iH.Hl ,.,.., 1... ,|,,„,n ,1.
""""'"^'^"' '""'•■ '-.k:llH.,n,.,Mn„. Ml, ,|H. ,1..,,,, „
;,'"'^'"> -"'-1--: -I"'.:...!.:.!,,,,,, ,..„,„, ...K.. ,n..I,..s
';■'"" ""•-'^l"""l,.. .MU. ,1... ,1,.:,,,, 1:..,,,, >h;„p :.n.|
;■ """"^"""^''^"^'^ '--'l'Nl.i:,,„.il,|....,|,n..|M,n,..
""■ •"""■""'i-^'i- •'--'-■ v..,,,. h, :„,,,„„„,.,.„:
'"•""""'"■' ^"i"-'""''''.'^^M ,„1„ ;„UU,M1 Mm. ,M...k
''^'"'"'"""■''■"'"^'■'■"'•■N-l <- !.■ ,n.-,s...l: ,,,,,,. ,,m'.
','""" '''^"'" >■■"'■'"•■' '- ""■ -".. n.nnin. in ,Im. .mm,.
;;"7;"7'-' '-'ai>.l:.. l^.-k u,- „m. „..„„ ,innlv.„.l
""■'•' '^^''1 ll"^v„Ml: ,, siM.uhi 1,.. ,..,l|,,,„.,l ,„;,,,„,
■"'"''" ""■^""""iil ,,.„M,v..,| ,„;,,\ Ih. kn,,^vn:,.n;in ,.n ,.,■-
';'■ ""'■'■ '" '"'"■ '1"^"'^ ^"- Mini,.,..,,! ,,. ,ak,. aw:.v
""''""^'■^^"'^''-''"■=' ^""i- -t„,iM. ,„a,,,i,^ „. ,,;
'=''^""-' "'"""-'' '' ' I'^'Vinu l.-..„ lak,.,,. a |,in ,s ,,,1,
""■""^^li '!..■ .'.I,... ,.niM. nnun.l, a lM„.. hair ,„■ ,,M....- of
'""''"""■''"•'"- ^^ M:llnun,i „ iullM. InnHurali.MU'C
•""^ "'"■ I"" "■•"■ '"■ I'Nilr.l ,Mil in a r..u,|a\..
Oocking,.„„M.K.,r liM. n.nM,^ai„la,„„■iunn,■anan,■
"'^''^^''"'^"^' l'l""l> I- |-rln,nM.,i ^,„■.a^,la^^ ,v,
-ns. asm sin.,.,,,. ..,,..,, all, .n ,■.; u, ,„ „. .,, ^ ;. .j^,,,.
P'.nnshal,,, H, lM„s..s. ,su..|, asM.,/in,,,lM. n.in. uiii,,,,,
'^">. ": uln.l, raM. nicking, ru.Mn,:;- ,.|- Ih,. ,nuM.|,.s whu-U
Till f 'nlil imiil I'lll'/ll f >lli I III iiiiiH. I'dM
Mr UIkIcI' I lie t:ill :iliil
\\ liM-r ;((l lull l~. Id (ll ;|\\ I liiil iiii'lii
licl ili.WII, llli^ll! lie lin-|c|,il>|i-: llic sUlurnii ^h.Mllil li
t 111- 'iijc lu ilccidf ami ( i)ici air i ii Imi -
■!■>: Ill iiian\ Slali-^
tlu- n|)i'iat i.pii. iiiilo^ a siii-iial iin i|, i- illc-al, ami
I'i^lilU >". I'lic >|i
. man will lia\ i- In din k iii-> >1
i(i|)
wiiicli i> iluiic w jifii I Ik \ air laiiil'^. i-illicr wiih a ^1
lai |i
Kliilc. or the icil hdt il'ickiiiu ^lifai>. 'IH du llir pilt
well nm- mail lidNU IIh- lainh a> alicadv dc^ciilird : llial
i> iioldiii;; a hind ami \'>>rr luni in larji liaiid. iK lirad
and hack liciiiL;' pir^Nrd liiini\ a:;aiiis^ ih,. jmlili r'^ l>«id\.
k<'i'|)iii;;' I he laiiili in a. |pn^iiiuii >ii ilial il- ImllMck in
cliiio- mil towaid tin- 'i|)ci alnr, \\\n< will, ij' upiialiiiu
Hilli IIk' knilc. I'crl lor llic iMint, wliich liMiiid will Ik-
fill l!ir(iii;;li wiih mif clfan cut. llic laiiili Iniii;; al nmc
iclrascd; llic laii •-liiiiiid lie Iclt i|iiilc >li(iil. in lad aliuiil
lc\cl willi llic (iiilcr did urthc ^kiii lliat cdiiic-. mil Iimiu
near llic tail head lu juiii ihal <ii ;_'an: il w it li llic 1. .rccpv
Wind's ■ liic\ arc Ileal cd in a dull red heal, an a>M^lalll
ImhU I lie lail out Nlrai^ht ami the Idicei)^ are applied
aiiil>lo\vl\ piiieli i>r the tail; cnmi --hmild lie made to
l.'l the Icirccps lean i>\er a little ^o as to -car thi- ailer\.
\\'hicil is nil tiie center line nt' the lllldcl slirlace in the
pHsilioii ill which the lainli is held, nf ciiiir-c lieiiii; the
upper si(h' of the tail. 'I' he lambs dpe rated ii|ioii with
the kiiite should he run full ii iralrli, d a I inlcr\ als to a\ oid
their death from lilecdini:. il' Ideeiliii^^ i- c\ecssi\c the
artery should he caiiulit w it h a small |>air of forceps and
.LMVcii a lew turns, or a hot iron lie applied. i'ockiii;^' i.s
licst done when the laiiilis arc Ihice weeks or a monlii
old: tile ope rat ion of cast rat ion folhiw ihl; a week or ten
day.s hitcf.
14
^rl
niSKASLS Dl'l: TO rU5rAkf:S IN IFAlDim.
VH. •,,„;,,,:,„ . ..:,s... :,,,. h,,,u,.|v U... ,,.„
ill li;n c iioiicrij
,. , ■"-'•'> ""• "'-'III -I liilM;,k,.s i„
;i''";''T"^ "" ""■'' •-'■'■--ii— -riMu..,,,-
III.' i.llUcK. |]Hlj..,..t 1 , 1 I ,~ .
'Ill in;:, inilk if\,.|-
•''■'" """^ "•""•""-'-"III uilll,,. ,|,....nl,...l. '^
, ^"'"' "'>"n,..n,u,.;; „„,|„., , ,„
"'■""■'"■ ^" " '^ ^''"".- -"li Ill-Ill. .ml .Inl.. ,:,Mn.|.
7'""": ■'•'""■'"•'•■ '"""■ "- 1.- -i-i,.: „.„:.IU .„■
■^'"""'"'^"""'" '^"'" I '.Ill iniHl, „ri.v ,1,.. .,.,.,.„„,.
";;'"■'■• ^:'"'- ''"'"'"" ""• -'"-'i n^.i, .i,.,:.;,.,,, ;.;.
;"■"'''""■ ''^"'-••■■— :ii-iii..>.- -ha. ,.....,„■. ,„..„.,
'''^'""' '" ' ""' "I "I- P.t.-n,. ,ln.n.,on. all ,1,,.
' ■"'■'■^' "'""•> -""- ' "I- ..■••il..,-. wlH-n H ,.
'•"'""''■'■•■'"''^" '■"'''-""'""-"-/"/-.. ;.M,/.., w,.
^'-H-'-lK>|K.ak,„,u,. k„„N,„ ..„„...,,„, .^,,,„;,,,,„ ,,^.
r:'"7 '■'"■•""" ■""'"'■"'""''"' .-'I-. I.ralip.a..
';••"' I'" '— "-y. an.l>l,alll„.n.,.,.ns„|..,. Uhmu a.
"'";"" -;^ '" ""■ '"'<-'*"'•>• A iH„.. ;„n...,...i .,;,.
""'''•■■''''''••'•''''--'''-"""-v. „.a,„a.,|„. ,„.„.„,„
Ih'oiixi.t Ihii In )li\f,'l,rs ill I- 1 dill'/. -11
III ^UMIIkI. ;i|( lir- |||i- link, look-, .iloiillii In the lliilik.
:lllil ,ll li-iii|il> |m In- ilipw II, klrk> ;it 1 Ir- lifllv :iiiil mil-, mi
lllf j^liiiinil, -M'l-iii^ Id I III |ir<i\ *• ,iii<l \\ 1 11 ^11 III cil 111^ a IK I
ifiiiMiiilli.il \\a\ III! a^liml l iiiic \\ lien I hr N|ia>ni-- a;iaiii
allrrl Imii ami llii- ^\ iii|i|miii^ aii' i f|iral(i| a^ lirldir; it
iiii-;l'l '"• iiinil imicil ihal I he i|ii ul ^| n-l U an- iii>l ^In lU ii
UN |ilaiiils III w mil mill >. Ill u hull .liM-av,. |||,. pains an-
iiinic 1 mil iiMiiiii-N ami llif lucailnn- ha^lfiifil ami iliHiciilt.
Hue |i. I hr |)lr--.|||v III I hr ili^lcminl iiiiWcUnii Ihfilia-
jiliia^iii. V. Inch |(ii'-~-.mc ;.|!.-.|n thi- Inn;,--, liniilin;; llu-
area III! I Ihivc lU'^an- lo dn Ihcii wmk. I.'mIiIijii;;- (he
lii-ll\ M-cin- 111 alliMil K-llct; ciillc cax'- ullcii lt'cn\ cr
\\illinill I iral liiclil : II nIi'MiIiI he iclnclii I ici ii I Ihal cnllc,
■-I I icll\ speak III;;. Is I ml a ilisra-r. Inn a s\ iiip'i nii uf pal II
in Ihf inli'si iiirs. 'I'll,, pill-,,- is iisii:ill\ lull ;,,|,| ti(.||ii,.iit :
llnTfiiia\ lie |ialrlics 111' pel spii .It imi mi ||||. IkhIv. lln-
fdvordble symptoms air a < ilil. wri. .lanniiv ( Iilimi id"
t lie l)iiil\ , lii^li iciiipfiai inv. iimii.ml i-\pi rssnm ni iht-
lace, I'lcipiciil. h. ml small pulse, in^elher wilh iliriiciilt
liieal liiiiu: It' ' lie animal passes in iiie il iiia\ lie emisul-
• ■leil a lavmalile s\ Miplmii. as shnwiiiL; Ihe sjiasins |i;i\ e
ii'laxed. iniisi lia\e dmie sn in release ijie sphiiieler iiiii.s-
< !•' al iJie iieeU nf llie lilaiMer: ni I his cmiiieel imi il Miay
lie slateil thai limses are si/iii-m aHecteij wilh iiriiiarv
trniililes. alllimiull tlie alici\e syniplmn nlleii liilslead.s
pei)|ile. \\lii.sa,\: •■|lie|im-e has smil,. thill- Ihe matter
with its wall i."' when ^ueh is mil the ease.
'I"i'e;it!iient shniilil lie i in iiied lal e, one nl llie tnllowiiig
ju'est ri|il imis iiia\ lie used:
11
I
212
I ■!■ ini,n 1/ I.I, i„, iil.s.
^ I '.'iiiil.'iriiuii
'l'iir|M mill,
l-lll-l < <\ IIJI
8 < lil'Th iMh.r
Ii'.li.iii ll..|,i|. Kxlia.l
\V;,t..|-
"IIMi-i H.
- miinTM.
I "iiii, (..
■ 'iiriic.
I I'liil.
*" ""' ^ -'-",„:.. s fSpi,iK„rx„,, „.MlM. tur
"•"""••• ' ' "I- l---n,n„„4;„ ,1,.. ,,,
;:;;:"""^'"»— - -^ :...,..,:.„■„,,:!
;"";;■ "'•■"^— -i — ihi.i,..,,,.!,. , ,„„i,,,
■'""•'"''- ""-'^'"^'"-''"-1-P.^^..lll....ld..„. and
\^ lull- 111 s, 111
'IK' <M-f- ualkiii- .A
iMciNf imimIiI 1„. usrl'iil:
Blo.Ui„q in sheep ..nd ,H„le. ..„„., ina> ,m>u...I /..wm,,-
'7"""'^- '■- """ -'-- ^—' .■..., :.,Hl ,.,.. an.
""'• " '"'> •'•• ''"•■ '" ''"'l^'-'^- >!..• iHVM.ncv .,,■ some
/>/
l>ii' /.. M,>l,,l..s n, l\,,l
III'/.
ii;?
I'licij^ll l...l|\ |;i tl,,' |.,|l|||c li imini; . nl if clllnlilC Im
I ulpfrill|M-.|-..
' '"■ 'i'"-^' I'l" •Ill s\iiipi(iiii In III.. 1,1,, .11 ill- i.r 111,.
^""'"•''- '-1"< i^ll,\ iiMii,, ,| ,,n III,- I, 11 M-i,- l„tu,.,ii 111,.
'•'■^' •''' ''ii'l l"'iii' "I III • nij,: II |,',-.,iii,. u nil III,. |i,|^,.|.
'" iii;iil.. til.. iin|,i»'.s.s i^ ;il ,,iic.. |,,>| :iN v,„,|| :i.. Ill,, lino,.,.
'" "■'""^"■'': 111 lli.p.Hti I III.- |,;iliii,li ll„. iiii|,i,.vs is
""' KIIKiV'i al CIHC. IkIH ,. 1|||> .\ ||l|,|,,||| ;ll,U 1,1 ,||s|i|l
^lii^hiii- ,,11,. ,|iv,.:i.,. IV, ,11, til,. ,,|||,.|: ii,,. l,,,.;,il||,|^ 1^
'IiUkmII. :i- Mil-Ill li,. ,.x|„., |,.,| ||,,|,| II,,. |, IV,, III,. ,,,, ,|„.
'Iiaplii.i-iii: iImi,. |,;i|. aiiiiiu aii,l ~l.i\,., i,,^ |, n,,.
IIIHIII ll.
'I'll.' I|,.;ll|ll. .Ill IV lil.l I,, |;l,, V,.,. t-nill ,,|„.,;||i,„„ „j,j,
"!'• tl'K-.ll aiMl I'.lllllhl ;l||,| IJHl, ,||;|u ,,|| (ll,. ,_,.,,_ ,||,.,| I,, I
l"\^ \Vllll ,,||C ,,| III,. |,,||,,u |||._. ,||,.|,,.||,.,:
'■''"■I" llll'l-' _■ „.,.<,
'•i"^'"'' •»'! I l.llll-,
ill
^I'illl- AiniiM.iii I . I |.. I ,>lli;,.,.,,
'■'"-'■■■•I "ll I |.ii,l-, '
to Im- l',,||,,\\,.,l ill ,1 |,.u In, 111- u illi 1 1,,. uMial .■:,ltl,. pin-,,
and -^ln|,|,\ ,ii,.t, sheep will ,,iil\ ,i,.,.,| ,,,1,. |,,i|||j| ,,, (|„.
aliu\,. .1,,-,.-,: It iiiii.li |,aiii iv pi, ^'iit • i,, t^,, ,,iiii,.,.s ,i|
laii.laiiiiiii iiia\ h,. aijil,,! |,> fiili,'! pi ,■>, ri|,t |,,
Remember 111,, iiiiiin,-! i,,n uiih ivsp,.,t t.. ilr,-ii,.|iiii;r
>1hm.i> ..I- ,.;itll,.: •• hivii.li s|,,\vly an<l ,-ai ,.|iil iy ami I,. I
""■ 'i'':"l '1"^\ 11 "I '""•' ir 111'- animal Iii,.> to coii-li." T,,
a\<ii(l tlii-- tii.iihl,- . I.l.)atiii- ,!,> n,.l pasture (altlc or
■>Ih'<'P ,,11 (■],<\t'\- ,,,■ |;l]„. wll,.,, i,||,||;ltl||,- ' tllCll ill :l \,.|.V
watMV ',>iMlili,>i w|i,.n lln-iv i> ;i ,i,.u ,,i i jjn ,ir,,|,s
'^>'"'A ' "11 il. \vail iiiilil ,|i\ an, I III, .11 tiini ih,. ,t,„.i, ,,„
214
Vfirriiiiirji Kh m, nix.
;''"' ^"""' I'""' '" 'll'-IIK ur.rr in a liun^TV <'n„.]ilinn.
''"'"• '■'"'•'' I'lv.'MUlinn isahvav. „,.i| ,,, ,,l,s,.r\ .■ and it is
'''''^"•' - ' ""•lli'"l "ll.'M liiM pnuin.-.lnck nn tii.. Ircis
""•'""""■'' '" '••■'^" "" '"'■ :i >linrl (un... .,n.. half Intu,,
'"""■^ >• "'."'"■' "I 'I"-' prrranlinns »,,„„. ...Main
/(/.S,V.
Distension of the p.iunch a!. nis in sin. p :.n.I
CMtti.. .in.. 1, ,...,,,„.■ an ny..,l..,..l. >ay iVun. u.^ti ini:' Inns,.
=" -'■"" ••'""■'■ '" '!■'■ I''"ii nr ,!„. ,i,.i,i, .I,, |,„|,|,.,, ^,,,,1
"'-Mr.-nl.-nl t....,i Mu.ha. ,•,,.„..„■ Mla,u..t,.,Mn..„,.,.a^..
"' "'"■ '"'^^'-l 'i,u\..n,..n.. Th.. .yn,,.|n,ns aiv similar t..
thns.. shown in l.l,.atino. ,.nlv t|,ai ih.. sNv,.llinu pit> on
'"■'■'^""' ■"" ""■ !'■'■' -i<"'" ^HHl lap|.,n. vMii, ,1... Iin...-rs
^""' .^i^-'I'-'lMin, l.k,..,,nn.l as In-ani n. ih.. prv
''.•.lin-.lis..a.,.:.-ii..un,:: .1,,. ,. n.mn.imn- slnp> an.l
""■ '■' ^'' '^ ^^'"1 I" i'^'^" I'-l it^ rn.l. h.T.. a-ain u,.
Ii:n..a >ynipi,,n, niiMak.., i,,, a .liM-a.... ii ,|,.,.Mi,,n is
-'""-"" l""l-il> '1'" <-iMi .u,.ail,.,l u,;i •„, ,,,,.„,,„ ,,,
11'^" "H' ln>s,,riiH.,.u,l a> t,.Mn,.,i l.y n,an^ p.M.pl... ,s a
s\n,plun, ..r,|i.,.MM.. i,.,,n an,l i,....,i> in\ .-si i..at i,.n as
•"""■.-an.,., »„Mi,<.,,UMm- '.t . s,,,.all..,i .anl/nf p,.,k
gre;is...l ra^, ,,, nnu lH,l,..nnn. inal-nals: il t liis .•,,n.iil i,,n
llUS CXish-.i Ini a iia\ n
ii> pass.
'''"■ "■"^" ""■>'! .•all> In, a >n,a,. pu,-,;... luliuu..,! j,,
^""""'•""^•■""' iiU,.,ti,,n>. an.j if all Ih..... Tail i,, ^■>^w^[,
■'" "["•latinn l.v Ih.. sn,-,.un. wl„, ] .,,. ,,,,,,,, ,.,,'.
siu-i, a i>u,p,,s,. ,,, ,//„/,,. I han I u .. :la> > Iron, tin. ,,ns,.| .,f
I hi' I l-dllhl...
ChoHnqin.-attl.. i. a.nally.iu.. ,oth..alt..n.pt t,.suai-
Inu \Ni, .1,. p,,la-.M... pn.,...> ,,f turnip. .,|,1 ,]„„,.. ,.,,._. ;„
'" ""• "" ''■'■'•- ^ linn- . will Im. >,.,.,
DIsrKsrs Ihir io ^fistxkrs In lui'illi:
'.'/•
M5
llnrso I'lulil li'ilt illL: tile Iced -^llcli ;i> W Ik ilc i i:lt> nl' tViiIll
liiinl idiy^ic li;ills. |iii'cc> iilrn(it>. iii'i'>>iii r liy tlic collar.
<ii' I lie t'liiiiial inii (if alisiT>scs ill cnlt (lisiiMiipcr istran-
^1<'>^|- In call ir tlic IImw (,r sali\ a iVdiiillir nioiitli. at-
lclll|ils tn c ill^ii. hjiiat iii^ aiMJ llir |||CMMICC itl'lllf nhsi riic-
t iuii Mdiirw iuTf aJHim I lie cMiiM' i>|' ihc i^iillct indicate
I III- 1 iiMihlc: in Ikh'^cs till' iiusf iv iHiJvcii oiii. till- nt'ck is
>l ilT. if atliMHiit- Id (i link arc niadi- llir llnid !■, di>cliai'jj;<'il
thnai;^ii tlic iiit.stiiis. tlit ic i- >lavfiiii;:, an anxiuns cx-
prt'ssioii. (linicuit lirt'atliinu. the iidv,. iii;i\ ilmp to llic
^Toiinii. and tin- prc-MMicc ui i he oli-i i union.
Till' t leal iiiciil inralllf !•> coinparat ivrly >ini|p]c an<l
siu'ccsslnl; 1 lie hloalnij; is lirsi itditn fil liy tapping-, an
(liU'd piohaiiu oi ]ii('('(' of twisted inpc is passed down the
yullet and eiideavdi made lo jiuvli ih,. ohsiacle on down,
a liltle oil ponied (L.vs n oira'-ionallv . or lietore llie use
'it llie piolian,:;. is al>o ti-crui. an a»:stanl may al.x)
Ll'enlly try to u oi k t he nli^t iinl phi dow nw nd il'seen; do
not Mse a \^ilip>to(d^ nnle-s \ei\ llexilile oi a lorn nnllet
and (U-d\ h iaa\ re>nlt.
in horses sniall do-^i'^ o| oil anil waler nia\' he L;i\<'n,
]iro\ idiiiu the a niniaK ai e ui\ en ! he head free so a> to
a\oid the material L^oini; the w loiii;' \\a\: il I'roii 'ic
collar remo\ (• and n>e one oj' i he projier ni/c and '•■' J.j'.
cell I iiKiriii II is almost iinl'ispiusiililt in ca>e> occnrrii!"' ;n
liorst'S. as chlorofoini may iiaseto he yi\en and an oper-
al loll |iei rorme(l.
Founder i lamini! is ' is indiKhMl under diseases di e to
luiors in t'eediii_, although il iiequeiitlx oc(airs from
driving' on hard dr_\ roads, excessixc purlin;,;, sudden
elieckini;; of sweating h\ ^i\ ii;L'; xcry coh! wa.ter wheu
■_Mi;
I ' tt riiKini l\l, Ills
''"'"'"'• 1'''"1^^"<1^ wli.'i. iiui in .■unditiun. .„• ii „i;iy fnl-
'"'' '"^'''"- '"I'ln-n N-. ;in.inr,.;,.M.„,;,IU Iru,,, stiHi.I-
'"- ' ""■' ■■' 'i'"l' innrWrriu.av.. ;,nutl„.r vv Inrh
iiM\ Im. m|ii,,.,l. /:.rrrs.sia Jh.lliif, t,,r ih,
I'I'iik. i-lc-.. //■//// /r^r/; of i.rrrr'is,
;:nv„,n,l„v;,kiM^ l,H,.,.;,,HUHiin. a, .,,11., in -I,,, hin
"""""■'•• M.-au..-,. Tins ,|i>,.a>,. „,a\ a,.,,.,,,-,,.
''""'■^""' -''-■'■|'-:illli"ii.:4lilli.'l.:Mi, ^l„,u,i u,|| ,„,( I,,, as
"'■""■ ^'^ '" ''"'■--■ ■I'l'" >>n,|.l..,n. ,,|- laiMMulis an. sn
^^'■" '"^"'•■'■•' "'^" '""■-■ -'■•, ilM.v ;m-,a.s,.Mnru-,.It,.M. a
'"""'■ ^'"'■'"■'' ^^'1' -'^""1 nnn.Msal.l,. in a >lall «itl, |,is
'"'■'■ '"■'■' '■'''■'^ '" '""" "> I'l".. i,i>u,.,J,t l„.in.. ||h.,w„
""-"•'"•"■'-• ''■ 'I"-1h.m1 t..H aiv arr,M-N.,l tli.-v an,! ll...
'""• ''■'•' ^"•' ■''•"■••'I ^^••11 "ii.l.T Ih,. 1 ^. ,i„. ;,„i,„,| jf
"'^"'•■'"''"'^'■••.-k^uni.slin,!,. an,i«ill,nn,,, «,,!, l.,,th
'""•''•'■' '"-•■""•'. '1... |,ul.,. is jnnii,.,!, tlMnl,hin-ur tl,..
■"■•<'ii- i"'lMU th,. iHlu.ks can !„■ l,.|t. if an alt'..ni|,t I,.
'"' ■' '"'" '^ i"a(i,.il,r animal iv.iMs. -ji.. I,.,.| aiv l„,i and
''■"•''■'• '-'"■'■'^'ll> "'^ilM'-i uilh a lianinn.r. ti„. l„vai |,.
in,-i-l,iMTi..,i. uum.^MM. Intli,. .n.p.riun thai ,h.. Iinn.s
^"■'' ^"■''■'"■''- ""■ l'"!-^'' '- iNll aiHl liaMl. and th.. nirm
'"^""' "'■ ""■ ■■.^'' '■'•' "'•'I ••^n.^.M,..!,. Su,.atinu uill
'"■^'•'■" ^'^■' "'^"l' "Ml,.. ..xrirni.- pain an.! iliirM uilj I,,.
-"■■"•""•"•'■"""""■"■'■"Ill >1h'u an nH.|,as,.,ih,M!yt.-n^
•"■'■'""■"■• '''" l'"'l"""l ii.-ds tu Im. ..n..,-,.ti,. a>unl,.ss
s... .l..M,n,.tiv..,-ha„-..>u,li !:ik,. pla,.,. .vsullnm- -p-
I'n,u,.iii,...nh..,lu,.,,.(h..p,.dall„,n..tnrnin,^p.,i„id..vvn
NNai.ls. pnini.-.. tn,,t and pu.s,h|\ sh,.d,lin- ..f 1 1,,- ,.nt iiv
' '• ''•'■••.^■"l^" nn.t;- amnnd Ihr h,,,.. ,.h,.s,. p.^rth.-r
;'i....\id..n.-..sur an atta.'k at s,,nn. tim.'. as is als,, ih.-
'•■'"''•"'•■^ -lalLTM. t..t,ax..| on its li..,.l> v^ h.'n tr,,!t,.d.
/>(.s7'rr.sv.v l>ite hi ^[i■■it(ll.■l s II i'mling. 217
r.lfcdj- ;4- is \ci\ iiNcriil ill siich (uses, cillicr rioiii tlic
Jllj;llla|-. (W tViilll tllc cni nlict, Iir\cr iVnlii llifloc, tllflt'ls
f<i(i liillcll (laii ;;iT (>r Lie I' 111 i II Ice! i( ill : tub lllc iVct ill Wlll'li:
walcr (ir a|)|)ly lint |iimi1i ico i'ma tew tiiiio. I'm ^ali\ cs
siiiji as allies >ii(iiil(l imt lic;;i\cii. ai|iiait nf liiisccil oil
\v illlic iisct'iil and safe 1(1 ii^c, in I |ir>c cases if tileeijinjr
i-~ lint lieirulliied arcllile liia\ lie ll-^ed with can. lolloW
ini;- ils Use wiiii s;ili)ieiic initiate uf |ii>lasli i in niiiicc
dnses. i\\icedail,\ 111 llie drinking water, until the lever
Mlli-'ides. lllail liia>iie^ 111 iilliei liL;llt liind is III he |ii(-
lelled. Siillie \ct eri lia I ia ll> relinue tile shees. wliicli is
lint alw a\ s eas\ unless 1 he animal i^ made tu lie duwii.
wnich sliuiild lie doni' it it |ier>i>i-, in standiiiL;. i><i iml
]iare tlii<in,i;li Ihe sule. Imi a^ simn ;i.-, the w.nst s\iii|itiims
are iiNcr. in three nr tunr days. ui\e muderale exerciso.
Iicjiin- Miiided. Ill cDiiise, liy Ih' ri h riiiiiriii/i if one is
employed, which is mlri \U in a horse of any \aliie, as
he will know how tu iirrrml the seiioir> at'fir liniilih.s
already mentioned. Many horses ■wv spoiil lor cily
work liy t his ijisease. unless some of the \ arioiis riiliiier
|iads are used: a run at ]iiistiiie. a iieisi one |ireleial)le.
after lilisteiinc;- the coronets is a L;real ladp lo re-.toretlic
loiiiidered animal io nsel!iliie->. 'I'liis disease in .slice])
or callle will lie more common diirin.L:' the -nmiiier if
hii;li feeding', wiliioiit lakim;' into consideration tlie teiii-
lieratine. or imttiiii; on full leeu ,oo suddenly is i>ersisled
in. more is to he -.lined by pre\ention than hy cure, if
■-ncli animals are aflected doses of iilaiiher sails are to
lie ^i\en occasionally, the do^es heiii^^ the same as of
epsom salts.
218
V /' riiiiiri/ I'.l) nil III. \
Lymphdnqilis, Ml; !«•-. wrcd. ur \\:iI.t r;iic>- / iii.l ;i ound
'•■'III, ;i|il lu he iiii^hikcii tor laic; \ i^ aiiuthci' m .ions
tlollblc (hit' to .-llni:^ ill rcrdiiiM'. IJir \\ mpl, riiailllcls ail<l
ini(lf> arc iiillaiiifil. riMiMM|Uriiil\ tiicii w di k in^- is innrc
(II- less llilKJiMVii. (i\ IT Iccdili--. lark nl' cNcicisf .ir s||d-
drii chan-c In Jaiuc i|i!aiil il ic^ u\' a ii.w lund. clc. It
»iiij;lit lie (•niisidcifij a'- a di^.asc in which Ijic |\ iii|ili has
>ta,L;nalcd slnpiicd inu\in- in I he JNinph vessels, these
\cs.selsil V, ill lie lenicinl lelcd acl 1 11^ es] lecia I i \ as cai'-
ricis 111' ua-tc iiialeiial liciiii \aiiniis pails, hence this
sta.unatcd iiialei lal acts as a Imcimi nlijecl w ilh I he lesiill
— in Mam mat inn mT i he m ^ans a Heeled.
I here is e\cessi\ e sW el I i n^ uf i me in' mole Inn lis. oil en -
•■^1 :i liiiid one. liii. swelling: e\lendiii^ iVom lop i,, li,.t-
<"iii "lliie liinli. whnli is h,,| and painliil to ihe loin-h:
in II II in-- I lie hand dow n the inside of i he 1 imli I he 1\ inidi
Holies ale lell. Ihe I em pi-rat 11 le is aho\e noiinal. iiieai
lameness, lajnd Incalliin-. hai d rnll piiUe. I he 1\ mpjiat -
ics are seen to he enlai.ued. ou in-- to the cause, lack ol'
exercise, ii is ollcllesl seen on .Mo|ida\ inul liiiiL;-. iielice it
lliis hecil It'll i >lolii|a\ llloi nili- lev el . Atlelition to
the diet, hran mashes e\fi\ Salnrila\ ni-ht contaiiiiiii;
a tablespoon lid of sail pel le will almost certainly piev t-iit
the disease. A horse once allackcd is liable |o iia\e the
I rouble recur and a^ a conse(pien(-e a cliroiiic cnlar-t'-
iiieiit and thiikeiiin- of the limb iele|>liaiitia.sisj. Tliis
disease must not lie (-(niroiimied with ordinarv stockiiiLj
up of the limbs w liicji IS ])ainless: m- w ilh Ihe local I'oriu
of jilandei-s. termed farcy, a \er\ dan-enns disease, both
ti' M;ni and animal Hi lia\e an\lliin- to do witii.
lUsKisis I hit til Misliik(':< ill I'l'iiliii'/. '_M!i
'I'iif t rr;il iiiciil nIkhiM Id' (lirrctcil lowai'iU tlic ciiusi'
ami il^ crfiTt. tlicrrlnii- linni i In- irrd. -iNfu i.inuat i\ «>,
aluc^ IHfld'alily. to n iiinvc liic acriiHiiilaIrd wastf jii'it-
iIiicIn w liii-li lia\f iiillir I'ui in nf l\ iiii>li cscaiMMl iiiiiic (II-
li---- iiitn !lic t i^>iifN. ami if Irlt t lnMf iiiax cc la-ii late a lid
tllU^ L;i\ (• t lie eh Ml lie I il irki-ll i IIU sd i.rifil a loll 1 1 nf t his
disease. I'.atlieihe liiiili witli warm water, thus reliev-
ing the l-'ii>iiMi aad iiain, hetler imt to lileed: hand riih
and liamia^e the limli w hiai the inllaianial i"n i> >iilisid-
il|._.-. ;ind it tlie -WelllllL; 1> --liiu to dejialt.. the ll>.e nf
indide> iimler t he \ eteri nana n'- diiei-l inn will nil en iirn\e
sati-l'aetnr\ . It i> a 'j:i>in] plan tn -u>;ircl taiev in eases
wheic the hind limlK>well. e>iie(iall\ if the aninnil lias
lieell pmiierly fed.
Azoturic) IS the nfieiiliine> fatal re-^nlt nf .^ni d feed and
lack t<\' exercise, |irnlia!il\ inn>l cnininnii in the ■>|(rill^■
time, in larmei>' hnr-i^v; in eil ii's ajipeai in.u after a day
nr .>n elil'nreed rest, dne In hnl iila \ s nr si nlins; it is far
iiinre si'i'iniis in citv Imise- i jian cmintrx ones, nwiii- to
liie fact of llie -lead\ , hea\\ t'eedill;; nf -laill and lieav>
work tlie tnw 11 aiiimai i- >nl>ieeted \r.. I'eichernas and
their ij,iailes are said In he nmre lialile tliaii ntiier hreeds.
due prnlialily In their ea-ier keeipinu (|n;ili'i«'s: in some
eases e\pn>iiie to cold may have caused |lie diseax .' '1"Ik;
name a/otnria, meaniiiL; an almorinai amoiiiit of nitroge-
nous matter in the iii iiie, is rather laisleadin.u. as siicii a
condition is imt prcMail at tiie I. e^inninu- nf this disease,
what docs occur i> an increase in liie niiinher of red
hlond cnrpMScies, snmetimes heill;,;- id'cseiil ill twice the
natural i noni.a! > (pian'ity. which are destidyed. thrown
■ . .1 I I I . . 1 . « ; ,. 1. . t .. I . . I' t l.i. t ,. t'l.k ii^iwl
(
!'•_'< I
I ' f' riiKiri/ I'll iiinils.
tlir (ilsrilM- .s||,,\N> M|,-li >\,npl Mils ;,s,|;|,k cmH,.,. (•nlnr..(l
millr. <-\<ilrlii,.|ll. spasiilN ..li:,,. lii||sc|,.s ul !li,. crnlll,.
Ill'- «lli\fl' oil, Ml tl|ink> llllll ;| liinl, I. 1, ink, -11 ,,!■ th,. illli-
m;il"^ Lack is -pi aiiicd. •|'li.- Ii.,i >,• w ill l,.a\,. i h,. si;,!,],.
•'" '■'-•''■ i'l ''•"■' Ii^fli'M- Ihaii iisiiak a s|i,.it Inn,- lahT
[MTspiivs ri,.,.|\. ;^..|. lam,. ,,n ,.,„■ 1.- s,.,.iiiiiml \ u,,al,l,.
'" I'l" "''i,;:!!! "U It. 111,. i,nis,|,.s nj- 111,, lull, ami ,-r,m|.
••^wcll and -..1 hard, lii,- JH-Milnn- is |,,ir,i,.d. ami ..v.^nl-
n.ill.N III. ■ animal -u,.s ,inui, ami is imalil,. |,mis jis
''''"' MH.iilcis. h,.,i,.,. 111,. II,,., pi-,,|,..sinnal sp,.aks ,,r ihis
dis,-as,. as ••spinal disi-as... jjai al\ sis/" ,.|,.. '|'||,. ,„.,..
vrnliv,Mivalnifnt ali,-ad\ imail inii,.<l r,,| biy leqsl,,,ii|d l„.
■"'"[•'•■"l !"i:ill lifa\> linis... and Kiliind loadshMs. ,.<p,..
••ially ilnix- ,.as\ k. ■.■]... r<, Om-,- ih,. ,lis-as,. has ma<l,- it.s
:i|)pcarancf ,.n,T;;ctic 1 1 val ni,M'l is nccrssai .\ . placf in :i
\v.dll„-,M,Ml l„,v. ojv,. a piir-aliv,-. [ Iii,,. ,„• hatlic tii.'
I'linswiih liMi wat.T. a liiiinuMil ina\ 1m- appii,',! allcr-
uards. hlankfl so as I,, ..m la-v swcalin-. ,'niply llio
Im'ucIs and diaw ,,irilic niin.'. i urn tV,.,pi,.n;|\ nu it.s
Im'.I: yiv,. pl,.,,i\ ,,c ual.'r Ir. drink, ami in a \\-\\ ,lavs
try and .-,-i ih,- li,,is,. ,>ii ils r,.,.|. slin-s may h,. iis,.|iil in
siicli .Ms.'s. A iMiicd (icrnian \ ,'l,'iinarian ivc.ninicnd.s
""■ "^'' "I'nn,' In and ..nc h.iH' pounds olliakin.-- soda
''■'i'.\- 'I'll'' 'iiaiii InoliH, lit .shonl.l he ,.arl\ l,.ft lo iii,>
l>n>f,ssi„i,<,l. Ih,. s|,„-knian dc\,,ini,u- hinis,.|f to -,■! iji,.
l>afi<Mit into th,. l„.st possihl,. pla,.,. i,,,' tn-atni,.nt and
imrsin-: as a ivsiill of this ,lis,.as,. wastinu- ,,|- ,i„. ,hiis(.1,.s
(alroi)h.\ , ol 111,, loins and ,.roMp nia\ r,'siilt. in such
(•as,.s months ,,f ivst ,„|| at pastiii,. and a ■casional
bli-tcr will I.,. n,...,i,.,l to ..ni iidy i,.sior,. I h,. jiarts t,, t iicir'
Hat n la I ,.i m. ' It I, .n
l>i.\<,is<.s I hi, In Ml. sink's ill l',,,li
'".I
'1
Heaves, or broken >vind, i- ;i cliionic cninlii ion m w U\r\{
tlifiv is iliriiciilly nf l.ivalliiii-. the ad ot cxiMMiiiL; air
Ik nil the liiiii;> takiii- li.ii-fr I liaii the act nf Incal liiii-- in
air. it I- iliif niiijiiiiillii I,, iiiislid.r.s in fuJin,/. and an ani-
iiial liadix atVrclcii is r.'iMlfrnl alnicisi iiica|,al)lc nf unik.
'I'lif (liHinillv III liivi.iliiiii; III iliis (li^caM' is (liir lu a
'lil;il''<l I ililidiMil Ihr Inn--. H\\ 111 Id cx-'fss (if air in
III*' air sacs -./ ill th.- ii--iir iliat -ui U Mir Idlnilrs,
a- a rcsiili t li.- I iino- arc |.ic\ciilc(l rinm c\|,cllin,u'' alli lie
air llic\ sIkmiM. licncc less i> lakcn ii, ijian wmild l,c if
tlicv were ill a iiatnral coiidii imi 'I'iic air eel U may lie
'"■"'•''■'I lilt e anollier as a roiill nf Ihc \ mleiil cmndi-
iii,:;-. whereas in Ihc iilhertuiin the air -ecin- in eiiler the
lissiie> dnriii-th.' intake III' ail' iiiln i!ie Iiiiim^. ,,1 which
case si.iiie de,L;cneratiiin has in all |irnlialiilii \ taken place
ill the Inn-- li-sne. .1 /'//// stnunir/i ,111,1 ii,,ir,!s iiihrl'nr
!/r,((l/i/ iril/i III, ,1, 11,1,1 ,,r III,. hii,,,s_ and when tilled mil
Willi fond It isii.it siir|irisiii-- that I his I rmililc ncciirs. At
111" ciiliiineilccllleiit (if Ihe dl-ca-e there is a spasilHidic
cniii^rli.latcia sni.inessed short weak con;:;-!!, witii a donlde
e\i)iraiion. and the ]. assume olw iiid liy theanii-. in ordi-
nary hreatiiiiii;- no aid is ded to e\|.el Ihe air. tlie
nalnral elasticity m the Inn.u- perforins I he wmk. in this
• lisease the iiinscles of the alidonien are used, as is no-
ticed by ilie liea\ inii of the llaiiks.
W liiif tiic causes of tlie |)re\ ioiis fiouhlcs lia\c liepti
i>vcrh)adiii,i,Miie system, tiie cause of this troiilde is ■,.
mechanical in its nature and may. owini;- l<> the feed llial
causes it. he (disease of Hie pom feeih-r's horse, founder,
big leg, etc., hein;,^ diseases of the horse l.elonj;in- to the
liea\v feeiler 'I'lie imkI^.iii ..vlciii... ., wr..
Hi
\'rlrriilinii f-'h nil Ills.
Iiicl^ 111 '■(iflniiiiillii liHimi II lull si's iiihii'/'I' ii'iIIi lim/.
<'\cli li;i\ .1^ llii'iii lilli-ii-i| Willi ll, IS itiii lit' llii ijiiiit
i-iinsi-. Ill' llns ilisiiisi. oiiiTiiil l\ i> llii> >n wlicii the li;iv
i> III' iMiul i|l|;|l h \ . li;il ll illnl illlllll I ll lull-.. I lir 111 MM- I >r I iil;
t;i\"fii an cxlia i|iianlil\ In iiiaUi' ti|i \i<\- tlic (Idicifnt
(|iialil \ . I lanli-ii"|i|M'il >i raw . ii\ m i|ii- i \ «■ ^ia>-. ai •• all
lialilr III caii-'i- tiii^ iiu-iiialilc ili-<-a-r ll^lll^ ii iilal in;; in
I lie 11- circrl nil I hr sliiiiKirii wall a IH I i 111 ic;II f li la lllrlil s of
t he Iflil ll Ilia \ r. I lir lit I \ r W ll irii ci ilil 1 1 iK 1 lie 1 II IIU IIP i\ c
ini-iil. Illll■^llll• nlatinii nl rmliiiu 1" lln^ iliNiMX' i> ill
iiiicr iiiiiir icaililN .^iTii aiiil iiialia >i iiiKJ.
Here<lil> iiia\ aU.i ln' >aiil tu lia\c an inllnmcc uii tin-
rifi|inaic\ with whiih llii- i luiililr --Iniw ■^ in a Incciliiii,'
>liul. Althiiimii In-aiiiHiil i--uiil\ pallialixf i1 slnnild
III mi' 1 lie lr>-- lie .ii|ii|iiii|, ■^in-li a-- IcmI iii;^ iiiiil ^ ami L;ia.->^.
or Nl line >iiil i iil;' lan] I 1 11 plai i i il il i \ lia\ . I a mil I lif IitiI
ami walrr. ami Irl wlial i-.L:i\(ii iir nl'llir ln'-l i|iialit,\.
(■Iran iial'- ami lia\ I'l it linm 1I11-.I. >|iiiiik If I lie hay w il h
waliM' licrmi' fci'iliir,;: in i'lam-r llic lia\ i-- ilam|i(aif(i
Willi iiii>laN>c-> ami wain willi unuil lonll^. 'i'lic Iced
in;;' iiT liiiilcil lla \ ^t-cil m- I'l m r in >i\ . ■' m'f> uf I iii>ccil nil
(lail\' arc \ las n>rt'iil ami nit\c In k' , ilic hnwcU and
>kiii in unnd nima. ('ln\ri ha\ i-~ \fiy nn-initalilr,
clean. Ini^ihl liiiintli\ i> incliaa'ilr: in mild cax's iiii-
pi-oNTimait IS rii-i|nciill\ nnlircd w In-n imiso aii'taktai
rinin the l-ia'-l In llii' \\c--lfin inaiiio. ll is tliiiii,u'lit
ihal 111!' liaid ami inilalin;;' iialinc id' the jn nliihitcd
Iccds ad'rci-N ihi- ii'a\ <"» cnnm'ilcd w iih I he >lniiiacli and
lungs, 'i'lic I'lilliiw iiii; i> a iisi-t'iil imwaltT:
lUsriisi's Pin li, .l//.s7,(/,,.s /„ /',,,///,,/. •_••_';',
•^'•-'■"i'- ■: .Irani-..
* "l'l'>r:i- 1^ (.iliir.s.
NlIX Vdlllicit, IMIWlliTfd L' (IIIIH-CS.
Slur*! I* I
'-■" I ul|IIC«'S.
Mix and make iiili> l\\ciil\ imir |,n\\(|(r>, ,,i f wiini,
iiia\ he -Ufii Iwicr .|ail\. Ilui^i- tradfi- nlicii li\ |.i
llidf llll' divf;|>,- 1,_\ ^j\ 1,1- a 1;,;,.,. ,|U;,illll\ >>( laid ill III.'
t"iiii "I' liali>. n\- a ijiiaiilil.N nl slu.l. <-iilifi ,,| ihrs.. arliii-
I'M' a ifw liiiiiis.
Wdtor trouble in iain> and wctiici^, .■^[..•cialU tims,.
I>fin-- lii-lil> I'cd Inisliuw. i> diir Id ilic Inriiialinii (if little
"' '•■' ' falciili ! Ill IIk' hiaddri ur iiiviiiia. Maii\ rxi.c
liciiccd >lirpliciiK claim il i- diif to IrrdiuM- iiiaii-uld>
and siinar li,M't> u\- diinkin- hard wairr: lliciv aiv doiilit
lt'>s (itli.T IniidN alsudan-cinii> if an animal i> fed lica\ ilv
I'll llicill and Us > .,t nis, Imiih d.
■I'lvalmmii is.if little a\ail as a nilr, saw palimttu iiia.\
'•'■ "■'•■'' III 1\\" diam doM's. ,,r s\\,.rl iiitn- in liic |iinprr
••III '• 'I'lif drinking; water, oner nr twice a week, nf
siicii aiiiinals sln.iild cdntaiii scmie sail pet le. nne to two
leaspnunliils to each lain or wether, or l.oiic acid in the
same (|iiaiitity ma\ lie used. Sometimes the stone mav
l)c fomid in the worm at the end ..f the penis, as soon as
leiiioved tin- mine passes and the animal is iclie\fd.
'I'he symptoms are liiim|.inM- ol the l)ack. ki(d<iii;;- at tlic
Ixdly. stretciiin- out of the hind feet as if to pass iiiim\
shiinpin^- uneasiness, -litiin-df the teeth, an increased
tendency lu lie down, stops eat in-, and oiten a co.sii\t>
cimdilion of the bowels: death occurs Ironi llie se\fie in-
llanimatidii set up or fioin i>uistiiiM uf llie bladder.
tl
I' li'iiiiiiri/ I'll nil iilx.
icit v\(>thcTS tind rdiiis ww oHiii allcrinl wnh -mi'in'ss
<i|' I lie nil I III I I II- 1 1 ^lii-;it li-.. 1 1 III' 1(1 mill I II Mill I \ Mil; ilnW II
llllil llir IiIi'Uiiil: III lllllli' I III'! I'l I iilll ^v lliil III lll.ll |>ii-<l
iHUi; :ill lllllirillt liy lunklll^ >ii|i- 1^ riillllil IIIkIcI lli-;il ll llir
iiiiii^I >r;ili: a^ I 111- ^I'l ciir-.s iii;i \ |iii\i-iil llifii li\iii^ In
|i;l>s iiiiiir ll liilLllll Mill III rail^iliu llii' |ili-\ |iill> llullldc;
till' a |i| ll ir;il ll III nj Imli ilnl in iilM'|iail Inlioiai'lr arlil llilrr
jiaiK alli-l llir riiiiii\al nl iIh- ^rali \\lll ^nnii iixriciiliir
I lie I I nil I lie: r \a III I lial ln|i -N||nl||i| I ir lliailr ll ri { llrlll I \ . iinU
r\ci-. anil liralii ; ^Iscii il iu(i'~.>ai \ .
< 1 1 \ I • 1 1 . : ; will.
DISKA.sl-S or THE lEETH.
The stiM-kiiiiiii i^ vfld'Hii Will I 111! w ii h luoth Irotittles III
s1h'c|i. call Ic ;iilil {)i;is. iilid lllllt's> Wi-ll illlollniil i> :i|il lc>
tliiiik lioiM's arc just as iVt'c, mk h. hciwiv.i. i- imi iIk-
rax'. I'lic sli^lll<•>t ini'Ljiilaiii\ ui i he iccili will jnici
fere muhc <ir IfN^ with ciirw m- and mast icatiii;; t In- Wnnx,
i|iiitr riMdil\ iiiidci -.t.n.d ii a pcisi.n is laniiliaf willi liic
aiiaii,ui'iii(.|ii 111 I hi' ifctli. No horse is exempt, rniiii
CI ill! mini In c.ld a.i;t' 1 lie Icci h arc iialilc li> need altcnl mn.
'I'licic arc Liciicral s\ iii|,iciiii^. ^ihIi a^ mil liril't iiicss. nil en
in s|iilc III ;^iiiiil and hlicial Iccdiiiu and iiltjc VNnik. liicic
is dl lllMill;; ,,r s;|l i\ ;| hnni lllc 1 11 1 il I i 1 1 . c I II I v i , | 1 1 ; | \ |iia\
lie diiilipcd tiniu ihe niiiiilli. walci i^ lei I'all.i.il when
drink mil;, 1 he In ii se iii;i\ crib m w i inline k. the Iccev max
cunlaill lindiuc-lcd Iced, iheic nia,\ In- sweliinu "I the
jaw. a parlial nl'ii-al nl rnud. luss ,,\ ilcsh: th,. n i:d
iiiav pnll mi I 111 liil m- refuse in lake Imld al all. and
there nia,\ lie swelling: nl' llic unnis jnsi lieliind llie uiipcr
Irnlll leelll, if lllis s\ nililnlil. Ilnl a disease. Iclliclnlier. Is
seen. Ilie wmd "• l..iiii|ia- " is iiih red and llie cause nf
the I rnllbic 1 hnll-ht In he incaled. I he ^W iilleli villus ai •■
lieihaiis liirii wilh nails nr burned with hnl iimis. luil
there is iiii iin jirii\eiiicnl ; In llie well inrninied i he cause
is sunn kniiwn -it is the lecih. jjcic ///< nfrriiiiiridn
wilh the prnpcr iiist runienis is luili'-iif iisuhh . the employ-
ment of fi {iiisirk. ;! trHvellin^! so~f rifleH Hf^rsp iii*^ti^i nt*
I'l
ll
•J'Jti
Vctrriniiri/ I'Ji nu ;(N.
I li"' :illi'iii|il 1.1 I I (Ml I Ik' roiiilil lull li^ t hr iiu nil .ir mdnni
Will lie iiii^illisfilrliiijl. In-ill}^ CI 11(1 :ii|(i \\m||\iii^' In tlic
lldlsc. cv eh to tllf cXfi'llI t>r spiiiliim lil^ liiMiilh I.. I life.
I'lv CIV (ilic kll(i\\> lli;il llic clldlt-^ (i|' Ihc cxiMll lllliuail
(lilll!--! ;(lf (Incclfil Id IHCM'IVf I he led h. liol IdlllM-lt
l;il>f dll(■•^. r\ fli lildlc iln|.di iMiil l> I li l- cirdrl in t lie In use.
I'lllx- Icclli III liilii not liclli;: |il:|. liciililc; ;i hniNc's iI'M'TiiI
IH'SS, IIkI I lici I'l'dlC lll^ life. (|c|ic||(ls ;|s Inllcli d|| lij>
tfclli. dl- liidic xi. Iliiiii dii :iii\ d|-:iil dl llic l(d(|\. iiikI
U llllc lldr~.c lillV CI -~ dlil\ c\;iliilli( I he I'l dill IccI li Id del CI'
III I lie I he ;mc. I he well |id-|c(| |m r-.dll will \\;|||| |d k||d\V
llic cdiidil i,Hi (il III,. -I lliilci-. iiiMJ w liclli.i ;iii\ ;iic ;il)-
Miit dl ili-t';i>. (1. Ihe veiirK cxtiiiiincition of the horsf's
mouth liy tli( \ cici iikii liii /\ dUc di the unst pniiiliililr
iin c-i iiieiil- 1 hal c;iii he iiiailc li\ a sidckman. a> Iccil.
McnIi. ami Ihe re^iiliin^ |id\\cr td ijo ihe wdik will he
saxcd. 'Ihe |ie| Idd dl leelhill-. it will he relllclllhcrcil
(S<'e pai^e III' cMeiids alllldsl |V,,iii IpIiIIi lliihl | he lldlM!
i>ti\e \ear'-d|(i. Cdli>e(|l|e|lt ly IlleCdll i> iii.sl (ts linhh Id
li:i\c tddlh li-diihlo a> i^ an did Ihum'; tlic milk teiiipd
I'iii'y I iiidlai--. or cidwn^ as ilie\ arc leiincd, an- dlteii
ret allied iiislead dl" h; i i;,^ shc(| at t he prdper t iiiic, espc
ciallx (hii in-' the a^e df twd Id I'diii \eais. ihc >\ iii|itdiii.s
already incut idiied arc present ami the liiiiiiL;- dl'iiic
iiidiith may show a sore siirt'ace. the ;,miiii> e\ en hlciMlin^'.
as dl'iciil lines a cruw n Ix-cdiiicv partially loose and its
shaij) ami ja;,'i;c<l c(lj;e will he |ircs>cd ii|idii the j,niiiis
<liiriiij.r alteiiipls t,, iced; the t real incut is removal of
those ciowiis. the siiiddlhiiiLC dl any sharp edj^'cs. soft
feed, and in a t'cw weeks the iiuprdveiiiciit is almost he-
\()lld heiiel'.
lHHrdHIg of tllf Tnlli.
!l
Woll loeth :ilr r\ hlclicf^ iif m 1 1| III Inn ill I Id- liiHsr.
-.iiuwiii;^ li!> I liilii.ii III till- l.i|iii .iml mIIii-i aiiiiii.il^, llif
|■|•a>^Il^ ;i(l\ aiH 111 In' lliiii I ilm i\ ;i 1. liaiiicly. tlailJitT tn
tlii-i'y»'>, is Mill iciialr'c. a>llii- ivo air ncxt-r tliit-rlly
allirtid li\ iliiiii. Till y ai'c usually n'iii(»v»'«l as a iiialii'i-
oliKilii). 1)\ III!' \ I'lcnniii.iii; tii<'\ iiii^lit. if \ ciy lar;;(',
iiilcrlfiv Willi llic liii:a> lli<' wnll imilii lias a I'aiifi. it
.sIliiIlM ill' pllllril. liiil k li<H Ui;(l out, if its |)'liiu\al is <l<'-
riiji-d ii|i(in. Ill ihc r|i:i|ii('f trt-aliii;; iI'iIm' cuii^l iihI inn
ami :ii I ;m-<'iii('iil nl Ijic I>tiIi. iIic (lill't'iciict's in wnllh
ol I 111' ii |i|M|- ,111(1 |i>\'.fr jaw s 111' luiiscs Were fniiiiMciiiid
li|iiill, ai|i| llir rllcrt -llcli 1 1 i Itn rliccs. li >;^<'l lliT W llli IJic
iialnial ^liipr III 1 111' iiinlar.s (griiitlcrs ). u.aiM liavi' iiimii
I lie |)l(H•(■,s-^ III clicw ill^. 'I'lli' iiillllllnnc^l I liilllilc- I |i;il I 1|(•
\ (I cii iia liaii is calli'il ii|i(in 111 lii-al in limx' ili'iili>lis' is
llli- |i|c-i'nrr III innH'cl lulls 111 I lie ;^ li ndci s, ■^Ucll |irii|l'('-
I ii Ills caiisi n^ ^1 'If iihii'i lis. >ia\i'i'nu. IIk' iias>ai;t' i il iiii
ili^oli'il Inncl 111 liic Irrcs. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i II | ni'^s. si i|ncl i Ini'S \ "ly
iiiarUcil. iiiilit^i'si lull, wniinils ni i jji- inii'^nc ami I'I'iiil' •ij'
till' niiiulli. siilc |iiilliii^ nil llli' Ini. ihi' iii:iii-i'; nUi'ii ln'-
\W_r ,.,|\ ,.|-,.|1 W il h -ill i\ a.
'{'Ill' I real iiicnt is siiii|ili-. raliin^as ilnrsiur iln- use
ol llli' llnal (Iciital lilc ami \i'l is nut sitni'li i imiifjlt In
Wail'aill Oil f I ii.\liiii; III' tlii.s inn I. IhIIh I id ri l/i/ii/ ijhdt I, ny Ihi
iiKijiiritii III' iiiniiis, Ihc \ I'tfi iiMiiaii s|i, :lil he ciiiiilnN i-il
and al'ttT the iciimval nl llic |iiii|i'<'l imis suit Iri'il slmiilil
licj^Mvcn fui a Irw ila\s. Ihc avcrciqc work horse v>\
need this attention onci- a yecir.
Decayed teeth uHm cause syiii|ilunis in Imiscs wliicli
lia\ L' ill tllf past I ICC II nil stake II Im ( ihiml' rs. \as;il ( ilcci ;
Slicli s\ Ml t a I nils 'IS !i st i 1 1 L i iKi i ir<>-i t II I . i.i'iil lii.i- vv i t li •>
L"'.S
\'rlfriii((ri/ Klfiiirntx
sliiikiii^^discliar','!' IVurii nnc iiastril. .|iii(l(iiii^ it{ \\\v I'lx.d.
pain (Imiii- clifwin^'. sIk.wh 1i\ tl,,. animal suddenly
>lu|>l>ill-- liial act oil. Ml 1(1 let MiIUC uf Ihc Innd lull riulii
'Ik' iiiii. JKildiii^ ilic head t(i line >idr w licii diinkiiii;-.
loss (if roiiditinii and |HTiia;i> a swelling- of llic jaw. nr
li"-ll>la III' tliat licillr; liic uidv Miccr^>rui Iicatiurii' is If-
ini)\ al.
Cribbing and VVindsuckinq arc t w n diseases due to idle
iiess ur tlie lialiit iiia\ l,a\e started in ||ie cult dining
teethiiii;: it isa \ei\ iia^l> \ ice and allecis llie eoiidiih.n
(da iiuise nunc or less lo ii> delrimeni. The apidica-
li'Mi III' a neidvstiap u lien in t lie st aide and plent v <il' wmk
are M) far the imist ^al i^laclniy nnM-nre- lo ad.ipl. 'i'liese
\ ices are cuiisideied as unsoundne«>ses :n ln«i ses. l iiei-e
Inle ill the exaininati.Ml uf a Innse tlie edi^es ol'llie ficnt
teeth >linnld he hiuked al tn see if those ed^es are wiini
'■I <'liil>l"''l- 111*' iniprosuj' the iieckslra|, ii| the liair
tray sometimes he delecteij, and tlie pro^jiecl i\ e hn\er
w .1! il;a\\ conclu-^ioijs accordin^iN .
DischHrges from the nostrils are ol Co'iimon o( ciii reiice.
siniie are i|nite serioiis in their import, other no! so miicii
so: inietiy we nia.\ class liiem as follows:
'• i t ciiioiiie and no smell. \ello\\i>h or greenish in
color, sticky and I'rom mie nostril, ot'ten the hdl. suspect
ulamlers.
^' 11' t'li ionic and I'rom (nie iiost ril. tlie discharue lieinji-
.)t';i stinkin- nature, siispecl a deca\ed tooth.
i. H'chroiiie from hotli nosiril^. \ hite. ulo^vv, llakv.
not -licky. iiKne ahnndant dnriii^- masi icat ion. Hie di.s-
char;^e ]slikel\ tVom t lie um I nral poiiclieN.
/)/.S'r(/.\r.s' iif lllf T'ltll.
2li!t
4. ir clniiiiic, licrdiiiiiiL; dI' llic imIiiic uI' pus. and
>t iiil^iti^. :i ralai I'll, tlic lnnics df tlic licad liciiii:; aH'cclcd.
Acute dischdrqes an- seen in ruiniiinii cold^. iiillaiiiiii;i-
t iipii (if 1 lie laiyiix. lnoiicliit is. niicmiiniiia and Inn;'; ^an-
^I'fiif I I'oltiiiji' '.
Bldck teeth in piqsair ^cnt'iaiiy rcnniNcd. aillmn;;!! sn
lar no ilata iia\c hccn prdducfd In proxc liial llu-v Innc
an iniuiiti!;> crtfct nn jiius. In \ci'v yianiL; ilia's at a ffW
days nid. Ilic tnsiif> slmnld !>c hiniscii ntV. liius axoidini:
tearing (ir smcni'ss nl' tlic su\v"> tcat>. a ir^nlt ul' wliicii
niiylit lie garget and ios.s of ilu- suw and l>i;^s.
i '
i
Ji
<'ii\i'ri:i; xi\.
FOOT AN[) LIMB TROUBLES.
Disedses of the feet anW liml.s a:v u--iiall\ lnuii-lil to
I lif ^Inck man's iini icr liy I he prcsfiicc i)f laiiH'iios in t lit'
animal arf.'cicd. t lifr.-iuic we arc jiisi iii,.-! in cnnsidniii^-
Idineness a sympt,,,,, ,,1' (ii-,ca>f in l he |,aits mcnl ioiicd,
// fiiiini (III I ijin ssiiiii nf pii'ni 'ill 1,11, I,,- more limits ihir-
'".'/ >ii"Vi iiiriil. Wliil,. tlic lamcni's- may lir jilain the
'"'■••''"ii I'liliat lammos is i.n iV,,ni plain, and in mau\
cases will |pci|)lr\ i-\i'\\ liic (Aipcii \ i i cii iia lian : to aid
Us ill I hi- del eel nm (it I lie diseases certain s\ MII>ti>niS lia\-e
l)ecii imliceil as aecMm|ian_\ iiit;- certain cuiiditions: e. jr..
i''"i<' animal is lame m lliesl Idei, the lui.t is kept be-
'"•liiii'l i'^ li'llow. the limli and knee relaxed liie toe
tnPehiii;: tlie -luiind. ijie liiiiii may be said to liaiii;-
l"'M'l_\ a 1(1 when bidii-ht lurv.ard it describes an (Hit
turn: liie t(. rearm is eMriided. the knee llexed airl the
'""' i~> "II a le\('l 111- behind its lellow in elbow laiiieiiess.
Lcimeness ma\ be sl,,.\\ n w hen the toot ot'llie lame le','
is on the urouiid. e. -.. in corns, when llie tbot isotltlie
Ui'oiind sM ft Mess of I he knee ma \ be show n aithoiiuli little
I'aiii is e\ i(lence(|. || |^ iiset'iil to kilow that lameness
"i'i\ be [lartiallN hidden > masked in a horse by the
maiii|mlat ion ot' the -rooiii, sncli as e\eit iii^' him. show-
iii.u him oil s.ili m'oiiiid. iiieveiitiiii: the animal break-
ii',- iiil" a ""1 li> holdiii- him ti-htly by the head and
b\ keepill- the sdillld sjd- to the examiner, 'i'he lame
Foot inid l.iinh Troubles.
•2-M
:iiiiiii;il slidiild Ix' cxaiiiimMl hotli in tlic stable iiinl out-
side, in tlie hitter case at Itoth the trot and walk so as to
properly detect the tionhle: il'llie lioise is sound he will
stand scpiai'ely on the loie feet, witli |»rol)al)ly one iiind
toot rested alternat<'ly or if very tired a near foot and oft
liind font will he lle\ed oi' \ ice versa.
Pointing is a term often nsed in connection with !an)e-
ness: a hoi'se is said to jtoint with a fore foot if. wlieii
standing;' he keei)s it in advance of its fellow, in which
case the lieel or toe may be raised or tlie foot itlaced Hal
upon tlie ^Mouiid.
Tlie novice is ol'ten peiploxed to know whethei' the
lameness is before or behind, acordin^^ as the animal is
trott«'d to or Irom him. and in this connection it mi^ht
be iiientione(l that the head and neck constilnte the bal
aiicinji; pole of the body, in lameness of the fore limb the
head if free will be raised hi^^her than nsnal when the
lame le^^ if a front one. comes (h)wn on the "ground, a
sliarp tuiii tothe ri^ht or left willalsoaid. asthe wei^id
will be thrown on tlie forehand: if the lameness is behind
the liead will be lowereil wlieii thelimb is broii<;ht tothe
^'roiiiid. Tile slow trot on hard yroiind with the groom
a couple of l.'ct from the animal's head, who is inad<' to
</n slivir/lit (tin,;/, will betiie best jtace at which to exam-
ine, if hinieness in Iront is suspected have the animal
trott«'d towards you, and note the movements of the
head, the lejisandthe feet, then not<' th.e action from the
side whether shortened or not. and if the actions of the
muscles of the limb are unilerstood the vaiiatious tVom
the natural gait will be more readily understood. I'p-
rightiiess of a tore ])astern is symptomatic of lanic'iess in
'!^
'-
f}^
■"''- !*• I' riitiiriiKhiii, Ills.
""■ '■""' "'■"'•■" lii"!'. liMiall.N ini,..,u,,.,,;,rl udhr i„„\ i\
= '"•■'•'"■"' llH'ii.M.l ,s luu,.,.-,|.... ;:., in r,„ni.|(.r: if 1 li,. I.iick
''■"■' i^''ll"'''l«-'ia> ill rufiin |,,ii,i l:ini,.|ir>s navicular dis
''•'^'■' "'"• '"''•! i- '•"-'■'I- ^vhil.- if.l,,,. tn l,a,l nail |,iiiic
""■ ■ ''•K'I'IV. tiir InnI nia> l,r llllrci ,.|llilvl\ iVuMltll,.
■-'■'"""'• l'l<-'|llrill iiltill- In, III .MIC IHICIM,,! 1,, Ih,. uIIht is
iii'licativc nr,-,,irni |,,inl liniil.l,..
"' '■""'•ii'-^ liclMM-l is >ii.,M-ctc,i, |,.t iIh. animal he
"■""••'' ■'''■'> '''""1 V"l :in.' ualcl, Inrtlic lllnl.ni, uiii.-l,
""■ ''"'"'•il 'I'^'-Ms an. I (.11 uhich lie |M.is lii^ xvci-iit. as
'"' '^ ''''■■' '^ '•"^'■'l 111-' lii..' ■;■• NNliclhci a t..,. i>(lra--c(l
'"■ ""'•■ ""■" I'"" '" lli'Ti^lit al...iii an.ll,.ri al i. nuHc-
ill- wild i.cr any i. •hi. •tain c i., sln.vvii |,. piiiim- wci-M
Oil a liiiili.
Thesprtvin tost iiii\ l,..-n,.n inn.ck lani.Micss is siis
l"'Hc.|. l.y Hexing .1... Unrk liullli.N. ullicli is , .cllnini..,!
''> '''■""- "'•■ I'll'' 'I'-' t.. Ih.- h,„lN |,„ ;, U'^v iiiiic
"'•'"• ""' '""' '"'ill.- !"■' ''""11 aii.l III., animal tn.ll.Ml .,||
Miiaitl>.irilic|;umm.-s<is.|m.|,,s,.a\in, ! Iic!am..|i.-ss w ill
•"• iii"ivniaikc.jan.-i -iviii.mli.-t..s|. ihc |„,rs,. s,,mcti s
-"'"- "'' "" II"' 'i"l'- All.T a .liiv...,r waiinin- up ..I'a
li-Ms.. 11,,. |;,ni,.n,.ss uill .,ri,.n .lisa|,|.,.ai-. in sucl, cases
""•''^■"i'iii."i"ii >ii"iil.l he .|..r.Tiv(i unlil the li.nse Inis
' ''■'' "II'. ^^1"" 111'' laim.m.ss n\ ,11 nsiiajly sii.,\v \ ,.,y
'''•""'.\- ""i'-<- "iKMi .Irixe ..111 .,1 111,, laniem.ss when
''•"""''' 'i|'. Ili^il i-'ii<' l:iiiicii..ss.|,sa|,|,..ars. ,.x,...|,t when
lam.- Ik. Ill splints, soro shins, corns, founder ,.i sprains.
'"•''i"iill''ii' l^iii" IH— . liml is III,, aiiiaial -.„.s lame ,,n.-
tune, s,,n;!.! an,.ther. is chai ait.-i jsl i,- ..i rhenmdtism ..r
ndvijuldr trouble.
'•11
itiiit mill l.iiiili Triiulili s. I'.'J.')
I.aiiifiicss licliiiid iv iisii;ill\ m th,. Inick: if in tVoiit Ilic
Irfl III" Iic;l\\ !i(.l>rs ;iic U'>ll;illy ;irtc(lc(l. |i-lit lioiscs
111 ■ill:; iiulilr in uflcci idiis n|' i lie cininnii.^. iciiilniis ur iin;,.
Illrlit> lis Wi'll lis I lie left. Wfii i i iii;- of Hir ti.c nf a IVnlit
slinc is s\ iiipidiiiatir (iT ii:i\ iciilar. Ill a iiiiid sill,,'. spiK in;
it llic lire! is wdiii ii is jilsdy to 1m- iIiii' Io citlier IoiuuIl'I'
iir 1 iii;;l)un<'.
Shoulderslip, t>v as it is -cm riilly IitiikmI Sweeny is
ratlicr a nHiiiiiiiii acciijciil in yoiini;- I'ann Imiscs, csiic-
ciiilly iininiiL; tliusc frnplnx .d in iinakin;;- new IiiihI rnn-
taininu- Inisli m live v,hA- liic slidiildcr nmscics arc
spraini'd and as a icsiill wasiin- at mpiiy i r.f t|i<. oiitfi'
iniisi'lt's takes place, and liie animal istiicii said to lie
sweenied. 'riiis alleeiioii is easy to diimimsc w lien oiicc
tile wastiliLC lias ocelli led. the lleatinellt is necessarily of
loiit; (liiiatioii o\\ in-- to the daiiiaue to the nnisclc cells,
tile wasted niiisclcs Usually lake nioiilh- to till out. In
tile eiirl\ sla;;es iMihint; with lioi waiei-. and a iii<''ii
heeled shoe on the alfeclei. I iliili tV I low ed 1(\ fepeated
iilisteis o\ci- the slionlder will iisiiallx ^ixeljic ih-sired
icsiiits: lest, theiiseot'a iireiist collar and avoidance of
tile cause will also aid in reco\ eiy.
\\ listing of tiles ■ scies may result from rlieiiiiiatism
or chesi t'onnder iia\ iciilar disease i.
Sore shoulder dnd collar gdlls are \ er\ coi on on tlie
fiiriii and can liest lie pre\cnted hy iiii\ in-collars ami
iiiirnesscs that lit. A \ eiA i^om i mei hod is nii ret n riling; a
liorse to ihe slalile to i.mseii the liack pad. collar or sad-
'II''- lilt lip and replace, lea\ in- there for 1.". t,, ;;ii niin
iiles, Ih' reason for si, dninL; is tliat tlie jiarts under tlie
iiarness are (piiie ||.,i, and ifthe Licar is ri-mo\ed ai once
i|
H
,
i\
: i
t
1 il
l.".l
]'' hriitiii 1/ l\li III, Ills.
tllf IMll- Im'CiiIIII' cliillfil ;i||i| :i ciMli^r,.^!,.,! xWcllin;,' Ic-lllls
MiilcNs ;i l,n'>k Mil. hill- is -i\,.ii thr imils: 111,. IIS,. ,,r a
sirnii-- soliiiimi ,,r ahiiii auil ual.-i or sail and water to
till- sllollldcis after rell|n\ai I'l liie liariless will sel\e to
tuii-lieii llie inrls: il sures lesiiji !he\ siniiild he treated
:is nrdiiiary wounds: in s,,iii,' eases iliey are slow to jieal.
"■• U-- ;•' llle top of (lie liecU. ill ijial ease Heeding tlie
slillllllalillL;- efteelsof some hlislerilii; liialelial to iliiaease
the hlnod Mijiply to the pills, whih' the (di roll ie sores uf
the slioiilder otieii lake on a hard loii-hened appearance.
heill;,Merined -sit lasts ^siieh aeoiidilion will lie.'d tiie
snr,i,'e(nrs alteniion. A sudden swclliiiir "fti'ii results
from the use of a collar too small, ii is not an aliscess
i'"nlainin-- piis. hut a swellin-- couiainin-- serum, wliiidi
on iieill- let out lesemhles hloody water, suidl cases eaih
reipiire careful alteniion and the veterinarian iiiorder to
make proni|)l recoveries, if l.-ii tii,.y -et iiard and are a
continual cause of sore shoulder, eventually calliii';' for
Ihe knife. Capped knees are .piite I'ominoii in caltle.
ofh-n the l-esidt of laidx of heildiii-- in the ^;alls. in the
early sla-es hat lie with hot water and applv a linimenl.
iaier on the knife or the insert ion of a set on i a |uecc u{
tape) llii-oii^h I he I'lilar^-emeiit from top to hotlom.
Splints arc 1 y enlai -emeiits on the cannon wlii(di
coiiiiecl il w iih tile small splint hones, and are tlic result
of inllammal ion caused hy concussions. \'oun;i' liorse.s
areverv liahle. the s,auh i c soihan I he pure lin.'d, ow -
in^- to I lie inter ion |ua lit, V of the hone i see pa^c .'>. anal. '.
In (U'der to delect Mieiii. alt Inai-h in inanv cases the\ are
casiiv seen, t he Ijimer and I iininii are passed down o\ er
llic small ( ,i.;ii(m hone, notice heiiii,' taken of anv \aria-
i'liiit iiinl Liiiih t'ronlihs.
235
liiill trolll lllc SlllontllllCSS 111' tlluM' linlH'N. Tilt' laiiiciioss
i> (lllf t(i lilt" >tlft(l)illL; 111' llic IxMiMNtcuMI (imillf; tlic
tliinw iii^ mil 111' t lie hi my iiiulcrial i >.|)iiiil Ini matinn . t lit'
laiiiciicNS (|uili' Krtcii (li>a|)|>cai> when niicc llic ^|ilint is
r'lniH'il. and lllf ciilaijiciiiriil iiia\ also (lisajtiicar in llic
saiiH' iiiamicr thai a cailiis dors. 'I'iic lainciios -Ikiwh is
(>ri(M| Dili id'ail I)ln|)ull ii.ii to llic si/c iii'liic spiilll. Ihusc
iiKiic scriiMi^ arc clioc ii|i to Hic knee joint. c\crci>c
iiicica>c> the lameness. IT no lameness i> c\ ideiit do not
hotlier the animal with hlisleis, eic. always let ••well""
alone, if lame ;;i\c rest, lediiee any intlammat ion wiih
cold water, and thoroii^dily rnh the pans lirmly hut
j,'cntl\ with an oiled Icalhcr (•o\crcd piece of wood once
daily. 1.') iiiinutcs each time, if this fails ihc red nicrcury
lilistcr may he aiiplied a few times at two weeks iiiter-
\ als. Splints arc more common on Ihc tore Ic^s than on
the liiml ones, anil ofletiest on the inner side of the limh.
Scratches, mud fever, cracked heeK, are relali\es. all
bciiii;' a form of skin trouble of the limhs. oflcn the re-
sult of loo much wasllin^^ clip|iin^ the Imihs. or an alka-
line mud.
'i'hc jiarts should he thoi'ou^lily clcan-cd with warm
water and castilesoap. well dricil. and <'lcan, sweet fat
(unsalted) lailihed in. ■ir a little iodofurm and horacic
acid can he mixed with the lard in the pn.porti .f 1
to III and ap|i!ied: ^jieakiiiL,'' of ihis Iron hie ( apt. II axes
says •■that the cxlcinal use of water should he coiilined
to the aniiiiars inu/zle. eyes, doc! , and sheath. " Ifanv
iullammatiou is present poultice with a imuip poultic»>
<u' hot. dry hiaii: e\ en in this disease avoid washing liie
1 .; . _ _ 1 1 _ ; 1 1
— '6 I'rlrri 11(1,1/ FJriiU'ills.
Rinqbone is ;, .lis,.;,.,. ,,| n... l„,ny Mnirt,,,,.. ,„•.„, rin^
''" ""■ '■•■^"'1' "'■ nill;iniln;,ti..M nf H,,. p;,.!,.,,, ,„■ .•niliu
linllCN, llsiiii 1 1 y
111! I lit' lliml |);i>
l«'lli. lull liiiiy In-
IhiIIhI 1)11 III,, luic
I i 111 lis. 'I' li j s
I I Hill ll|. IICCIIIS ill
'lil'lVrciii l.i(.a
I i'Mis oil I iif. |ias
'•■Ills. V. ^^. if
;l 11,.,- I i 11 ^r III,,
.inilil )(,. t w (• ,. II
lin' two |)asi,.|ii
i>iiii,.> j> t,.|iii,.il
•• III ^ h I i II i;
'•I'll,.." if 111,'
I'li lit 1m.| w ,.,.11
llii' small J, as
'••111 .-111(1 c.rriii
liiiiii' is arf,.i-t,'(]
\ " M I, M \ liK II. . \>1 ,,| |;| M, i;,,^ I
'■ '' '■' • '■""- I'^iM. rn I... ,,.;>. I'. l;.,.|,,,,i |,,-i. i
"> I'lil^iv-i'iii. Ill at ih,. ,,,||ii I
li..iic; th. I
'''"'"'>'•■'■■'■ IIk'Ii.W lill-l„.|l,.
issaiil l.M.xisi. ii isa s,.ii,,ii> ,.n,i,I,ii,,n. S,,iii,.i ii,i,.s il„.
<'iil:ii-,.iii,.|,i aiiiM-aisui, il„. la^,. pashin hnn,.. aii-l it is
"'•■" '•''""•'' ••''•'l^'- 'i'l- •.•• Tl„. 1 y ,h.,.,,sj, „!a\
'"■•" "i'- iVniil nisi,l,.s ,,r 111,. I,,.,,,.. arr,.,.t,..l. a.„l may
•Mils,. Iam,.ii,.ss l.y iiil,.|i;.|iim ^Mlli llic 111. n, -111, .1,1 .,1 lli",.
I"-<Ml(.iis,.ili-iiiH.|ils. i;iii^l.,„„.. ,na\ Im- ,.aiis,.,l l,v a
'""■•^•' .^''i'i.u -m 111,. lu... III,. M..siiii ,.| spavin. Ii is 1,,^
pnitaiil In i,.m,.„il„.r U.ai il„. pasl,.n,s ma,\ l„. r,,ii-l,.
lar-.-aii(iprnmiii,.i,| at I lie juints and y,.| iini ]„■ all,...!?.,!.
> '1
(\
I'lint mill l.iiiil, 'fiimlihs. v;;;;
""• !"■ lllrlicrs iiMlicr.l :n.' I(. -i\,. Mllllrliliirlit I,, IJ^r;,,
111. •Ills ail. I iiiii-^(l..>. Ih.H, |,,i-t.Tii> .liMiil.l 1m- aliUc. In
III.' .Milx -.la-cv t|„.|v iv a -IHIiicss (.r iiiu\ciiiciil nf tl„.
P^i-^l''!!! I"iiil>. ;iii.i il in i;,,. Inrc |n<,l a I.Mi.lcncy I., ualk
"" ""• '"■'■I- ""• l:nil.'ll.'v. 1„.1||M. .^|„,u,| I,,,,.. i„.|-,„,. .^^^^
ciilai ^ciiiciil can lie iinl ii cd.
'I'ii.-..rilv sali.sla.'lniy liralnicnl i- ili,. ll,in- ii,,ii. |o|-
l..w.-.i will, a l.lislcr. an. I Ih. nmidin,,; nf l„n<l\,ii, U;a\\
■sirr.s III- ililiiis xc'itli l/ii.s ilisiiisr.
Sideboiies i^ lii.. ap; Icrm us.mI (,, .IrM-ril... t!;.. tMiiiin-r
'"'" ''"""• "'■""■ l'""'ai <a.lila-.-s, « hiHi el, an-,- may \Z
jMilial ..!■ (•(.iii|il.-lr; a> will 1m. ivni.-nilM'rf.l tli.-sr carli-
la-.'s aiv ..f a ,mi>ll,\ nalni.' an.! yi.-l.| in..r,. nr l.vs> iumI.t
|>:.'>smv with III,. iiim,.,s an.] llmiiil.. H.-avy In.rs.-s
s.MMn lo !),. llir ,,ii.'> iiiain!,\ allrclcl. an.! in , n.M'ti..u
"'"' "''"^ I'"-! '■ u^i-.n <;iii liai.ll,\ Im- Hi,. ,aiis,., inji,,y
lV..in >i,.i)|,iiio- ,,ii ,„i,- an.illi.T, an. I heredity, -n-atcst .if
•'"• •"'• <•"■ l'i"l'al.i,. ,.an>,.s. n,,. synipl.Miis arc Jainf-
ii.'ss uith a stilly a.ti.ni an. I sli,ntn..ss ,,r li,,. gait, liar-
(Icniiij,^ and fiilai -riii,.iil <it tii,. , art ila-.-s.
'I'll.' tifalin.nt is ,,..1 sat isla.I,n y. hlisl..|iii- and firing
'l.'in- -,„m1 ,,nly in tli,. .•arli,.r sta-.-s. A bar r,M.i<(M'
sli'M- with lioo pi,.ssiir,.. IniiM-nlatiuiis and ivst. lat.-r \v,,rk
•111 s,.ft -n.uii.i. will 1„. ahum tl„. l„..t tivatim.nt. s„me
1'<'"I'1<' liav,. Ill,, animal iutv,.! if lln- lani..n,.ssc„ntinm's:
ahnrr „n ,1,, „„l hnril /rniu a .s/„//,„„ ,r,tli siil,ln,„rs. and if
jii.l-in-- thriiw iMil a siallinn s.i all(..-l,.,| alwaxs.
Thrush is a dis,.as ' H,,. r,,,- usually toll,, win- lack of
IMVssnrc 1,, III,. ,,,-an,l .■,nis,.,|u..iil l.'ss,.niin; of the i.lood
.supply: ir.nii I li.' diinj; aii.l i:iin,. l„.ii|.. alL-wcl t„ accu-
niiijnli. ill III.. i'....t .... < 1. ....
238 Vi !• r'nutiii I-'li iiuiits.
'I'lific is cil'lcii hiiiiciifss. ;ini| ;iii (itrfiiM\c vMicIl rtmii
till' ;irtcrlc(| lie,-. Ml siiliic casrs l| l|;i> a clicfsS like a],-
|»caiaiiri-: il ilic ti..- is allnwrd In s|inil iiikIci lln- ((uuli
li.iii- iiiciii iiiiird. Mil' lii'cU iiiiii III, unless Kcpl low. ami
"l«' I""' liiri'llli's (•■Pill laclcij. Tiilv ami clean llle feet
Hill mice ilail,\ : if llilllsh i^ pieselit. allel cleailslliL; I lie
I'iii ' '11 11 1 cull III- auay I lie diseaseil pm I inn, lucss in hi. nil
alum. ( i)\ cr w ii h lar. m iise
'"■II" -l"lli' 1 nuilcf.
'■■"'' 1 nuiice,
'"•■ L' I III mis.
I'i'wilcr Ihe liliicsi.iiie. mi\ il with the laid ami tai-.
and lilac- n\ei a slow lire s., as In nieh and lliiis ini\ ||ie
iii^iiediiiits: il wmk has In lie cniiiiuued put in the ainni
nr liliieslniie. <-n\er with nakiiiii ni- cultnii lialiiii-, ami
•'"I- A lillle I III pelitiiie ami sweet nil ei|Ual parts | mil red
lllln Ihe linn nccaslnlia 1 1,\ Will telld In liai'dcii lliciu aiid
I'i'<'\ciil Ihriisli. (ilirni/.s t/ir, f'riii; jtrissiin.
Coffin joint Idmcness, ndvitutdr diseaso, is a disease of
the cniiiii jniiii. and its can ila,:;es. \\ hiidi cnnn'sou sinwiv,
lisiiall\ Ihe result nf cuicllssinli. liinli- cspeciallv Jl'tlie
InnI is nnl a st InllL;' n||e a 11(1 nl' ^nnd shape, slineiii"- witli
ll'-h heels, ihlls iclie\ ii|o- the |Vn;,^r |Vnui plfssiirc. will
thus increase ihe chances nl' c(Uiciissi(ui and indircdtly
increase the lemleiicy In this disease. l(Uli,^ liai<l, cnntin
iial dri\ ill- is a ric.|iieiit cause, t he endless hang- nii a hard
mad uijl aliimsi iuvariahl.v cause this disease, the speed
lias little In (in w iih it. '| he pastel n of an artecled font
is iiinre iipri-hl than usual, thehnnt' upnj,dit and cnii
<a\ e and ihe heels nl'len strtniji'. rnintiu- in the stahle,
l.iMuin- of the liinh alTeeted. shorteniiiy of the stride,
n
I'oiit mill I. mil, Troii' lis.
23f'
Willi ;l>( ill \. s||||,l,\ m;,|| ;,,.,. .,11 v\ ||l|ll..lll-.,t lIllstllMMSC;
"I "III.- linllcrs ;i ||(,|>.- allr.-Iril with ||,|^ <l|v,.:i^r iliucn
IMI III.' sllCfl. wliKJi I, |:il,.| Mil >|(,|,|„mI aii.l tir.l. ||i,.
illlillllll will he noticed |m |,i|\\ >l|o|||l\ uitl, il,,. , III,.,. I,., I
'"'"'■ I" I'il'l I- i'':ill,\ hillltili- :i <■ I'nilahlf >|m.I uii
MJlicli lo r..>l Ihc lunl su ;i> lo ;i|ln\\ ||i,- ,nl1ill |i>iril In I.,.
l!«'\('l. hi' iii;i> cNrii ic'^l 111.- Ii.-.l Oil a >l iri,..||i
If.'t art- an.'il.'.l lli.- ;r;,ii i^, \ ,.i \ slmil, lie |.a<l.lli's. >|iil.s
til.- I...-, anil ir 111.. |,aiii is m-\.t.' will |i,. ,|,,ui, ||,,.
K''«-''''i' |>;ii'l I'f tli<- liiii.' w h.ai ill III.' .'alilc: as a result
tilt' iiiiiscl.'s ol' I he \s linl.' liiiil, iiia\ \\a-l.\ iIhin oi^n,,,
rise t.» tile .•.iiHlili.iii t.iiii.-.i "chest founder," the ln.ot'
ami ciiiDiHl w ill als.i he iiarni«.T thaii usual.
rivatiii.'iit (.i\.' I.St. lili-i.T th.' c.u.Mu-t aii.l limi .mi
a soil |ia>lui.': it' iioi .im.l i;ct y.iiii \ .'Icrinai laii lo jml
in a i\<><^ s.-i..n, ami if llial fails, lia\ .- Iiim mimvc Ihc
animal, after wliicli n|.ciali..ii llic t.ct will n. .■.! daiU
walchin;; ami .aiv. altlioii-li cualiicd to uoik wilhoiil
laiiicn.'ss lor a yvar.u' two afti-r tli.' op.'rat i..ii. Ila\('
111.' led jiarcil so as to throw sli-hll\ lorward on Ihc loc,
ami apjily a w-.|c w.'l.h.'d sln.c ujtji a roll I., th.' t..c.
Pricks in shoeing arc not as .'orunioii as llic\ used to he.
thf sh.icin-- smiilis h.-iii-- im.rc careful than iicrel.,fore
and as a icsult of the \aii.ius li..rse.slioeis" as.s.K'jati.ins
stndyin;;- th.- ,iiial.im> ami i.liysi..l..^y of the !.■(■(.
Tiie cause may he. iiri\ iii^ nails lo.i .lose ,,r in ihe wr.)!!"
liiivcli.ui. thus iMMatialin-- inl,. .,r h.'i.riii,:,^ on ijie .|,iicl<.
tile lameness ami [lain may iiol show tor a d; \- or c\ en
'"■' ■' ••'•iipl.' .if w.'cks. ill the latt.'r .-asc pus i> likely
formini;-. S.im.. ii.,rses lia\.- thin wall.-d h,..,|> an. 1 arc
wii.- ..■.;..r ...I . • I
Ill I.I
;;;;■ ;a ! ; in; ^i^•ai^•i iii.- lian-
240
I ' /' >i Hill II I'll nil Ills,
<^i\. Ili^iclr .|ii:ii hi > lifinu iprNii.-i |p||rk(i| IIliii (iI|I--Ii|i-
oni'^. Il :t lim^i h.i^ lircll Irll ^liml r..| -Ml ic I ||||>:|||(1
W llrll n -I II II I lia^ I lif III! >| cut iluw II I II I I I \ \\ r\\, lie l> ;i|i|
tu ;4(i 1 I inc. line In I he ■>! I ;l III I III nW II iili I ||c tc||( lulls .nil!
Ii;;;iini iil> m In llic -•njc Ii,i\ in^ liccii iii.nlc tun ilnn, ||iii>
plovlii;; nil I in- -cllsll |\ c |i;i| |v. mill llic :|||||||;|| |||;|\ lie
llliilli;lit 111 li;i\c liccii |iiickiil. Il ,1 Iiin>c :411c- laiiic
lll'lt'l- nIii.cJii;;, Ihc liiill liclli^ i|li\cll hlull nl ihc |iiii|||
iml slniwii: i.r ihc hiiiiinici mvc- :i ilnll mhiihI, w c iii;i\
MI'>|ICct IHIcklllU: il liluiiil Inllnw- l||c W 1 1 III! 1,1 w : I I lila
nail. Ill- it' I he nail is \m-i. iIhc I allci piis ■ \m- can lie
rcilaiii llial llic i|iiiik ha-- liccii hiiil. m suinc cax's al'icr
liaiiii,;; Ihc led ,1 -lam ina\ lie -ecu aiiiiiiiil Ihc nail Imle.
Ihe (olor of (he iiiiittt'r pii^ is mUcii a unnle a^ In the
e\lciil nt'lhe lii|lli\. Il Mack. Ihc Wniiinl is n|il\ >u|iei
tieial ami « ll l snn ll l ccn\ el : a \ d InW l-h Cninr -linu s pas
Millie nr Ic— ilccp -caleil; ij |illlple all<l a |inllHl Mliell
the chances ;iie ihal Ihc peilal liniie Is aircclcil. shniihl
l^lfal jialll he slinuii iillel Iclliliu- niil ihe lliallcr. the
iii|iir^> Is \ci\ sciinns. Ill iliis imiii n| ih-casc iln- same
rules a p pi \ as |.. ni hci w nunils. plcni \ nf ilr.iina^^c sn as In
^el ; ! .■ pllsaw a,\ nillsl he ui\ ''ii. Iieiice pare I lie Innl. steep
ill a iml ailliscpllc snlnllnli I'nr ;| cnnpjc nl' iinllls. nr a
hall lit lillleslnlie n||e nlllicc In a pllll nl' Water llia\ lie
^■i\en daily. lni an liniii; it' llic hnnl' is hard the applica
t iiiii nt' a Iml lla \sccd pnii II ice w d I lie ii-cliil. bet'nre dniii"
lunch pariiiL; nl the l'n,i|; alter paring dnwn. baths I'nl
hiwed li_\ nakmn and lar stnppjn-s are In he prelerred In
piMlltiees. i'riidvs 1111111 -llncinu nl I'ln'll Hails picked Up
nil the stleel will, il' ||n| allcllded In. result ill plls t'nlMl-
in^ and wnrkinu iiiiwaids in the cninnel and there Ineak
I mil (iilil I mill I'l iillhli s.
241
""I, lliM> lui.iiiii- ul.iil i> kiM.u,, ;,.s :, -'quiUor." It |>
".■••<ll,.>>|u s;,\ ||,;,| III,. iMMlllirnl I. -I I |, 1> ,•< ,11.1 ll i..II SV = ' "
have In lit' I. It I,, I I,,, siii;;,. ,11.
tornSillf I.MIIM.. nl lllr xliMliv,. s,ii,., Ilsililjiy j,, that
l-ulticli ..||ciu>,.,i ],y Ih.. lini.T :lll-|r nlll,,. \v;i|| ;i,„| l,.^,^^
UMiall.x |,i..s,.|,i in Ih,. I,.,,. ,■,.,., ^v,..,,^ ,,,.,. 1^ iMvciisiM.M-
I" Mi.'.liM.aM.. \,i-\ Mini,;; Ik-.^K may al>n ivsiilt in tins
"""'•!•• 'Ill'' <" I>ni.l,i,i^ ,,r ||„. „,!,. I„.|w,.,.,i til. •Ill aiMl ||„.
IK'ilal liiiiii'.
'I'll.- .aiiM's cf .■niii> an- ^.-v.-ial. .•Iii.-f ..f wlii,.), is
faiilly sli.MMii;;, |.iillm- pivvMii .• m, |miI> iiul iiit,.,i.l,.<| t„
•''•;"• it. I.y .iilliii- .iuwii Ih.. l,ar> or |,iitliii^' ..ii sli.ut
ii.-.'l...! >li....>. an.! rs,,,.;.'//,,/.,/ il,r ,■„,„„„>„ /mirtir,' nf !,•>, ■-
in,J sluHs nn linrsr.s- /rd /,.,■ months ,it „ timr wil/ionl rrsrl-
tiii'iaiul rnno-.i/ i,/ r.ivrxH nf linm ;/rn,rf/,. Kxi't-s-siv.- t liiii-
niii^' of 111., sul.. aii.l hil.T M..p|.ii.- ..II a sinii.. will canst'
fli.' sul.. hiinsf .oiii ,, M.iii.. weak f....!,..! liors..< will
lia\.. ..unis ill >|,it..nrall Jii.-tli.,.ls of sli.„..i,ig; haiet.x.tea
li(iis..s rarely lia\.. .•orns.
Til.. !aiii..i!t..ss [-..siilti'ij^r IVoiii cnnis ^r.-ts w.irsc as the
animal is \v,.iU<..i wl,,, niay i>.miiI If Ih.- sli.,..s are r..-
ni..v..<l and tin- smI,. par.d lli.. smra.v will 1„. n.,li..,..I t„
Ix' r.'.l.l..n..,l aii.l in sum,, .-ast-s piis may Ix- funii.i. always
a si'iiuiis cuiiditiuii. i;..mu\al uf ih,. slm... paring,' ,>nt uf
111.' .scat of 111,, .•urn aii.l a j.unlii,.,. i,, th.. luut. Mill i„
cases uC lain..ii..ss, .Inc to a .•urn. ri'snlt in almost niar-
v.'luiisciii,.s. Aiitis..ptics. sn,.li as tar. sliuiild 1,.. nse.l
and a har or thr.'c .iiiart..r si sliuiiM 1,.- j.nt ,„i, care
bfinj; taken to avoid pr..ssiir.. .,n tli.. alleclcl jiarts.
Foot rot in cattle dnd sheep will ult-n occur if the feet
are :ill,.u-,.,l I,. ,r,.,,,. (.,.. 1 1 , . .• . , , ...
II
II
i!
I 'J
11 u iiu.iiiii e,
i I
L'll'
;' ''tiiinfii f!li iiH)its.
ni- :i-, :i icsiiH nl' riiii II i ii^' oil 1( i\\ 1 \ i iiji', wcl, iinnl(l\ [-is
I'll*'"- l.:lllicili'>> \\\\\ he excessive, llic |,;iii jn noiiic
1 i-i'v ,;i;ivii|M 111,. ;,iiimiil t(i iio oir its Iced, lull hcliiiid lilC
il'ii'k Ml 111' 1(1 and SI unci i UK'S ;,'! I mi its Uncrv. in sudi cusrs
!!:iii (i.iwii tin- reel ;iiid liallir in ;i l)liicstiiii(' snlulinn
siillatc 111 ( iip|ifi ■ hini'stoiir i iMiiK'f til water lo on I ices),
'li"'ii :il'l'l.\ lai In IJK' |iarl>. tun m tlirfc ajipl icat inns of
1 111 liliii'slniii' snliii inn will Usually nii'c most rases: w here
l:;ii:i- 'iiiiiiheis need t real iiieiil t!ie sidiilinii is made and
I'laeeil ill a wnndeii linii-li aiid the aiiinials waiUcd
'l'in;:L:li il; I lie InriiH'l eniid it imis slinllld lie clian^ed : in
llinse r.lses in \vlliell slnll-jiin^- lias nci'lineil liUUr i>\'
aMlIllnllN in i\ he Used In InUl'll llle l-w sjinls.
.\ i;nn(| \\a\ Inlieal eat I Ic a ll'ecl ei t intakea iiiece (if
■t'.'eseelniii snakt'd uiili ( lie (1 iii^', all er clean i iij; ' iwccii
'^ clct'. wmkiiij; hack ami rnrtji and then ajijily jdiic
'■!• nil a I lean jtiece n| elieesccint li. wliicli may he tied
'>" 'In' mnl as liiljiiws: Take a idece nl ciiccseclnlli and
split i; at iinlli ends: spread tar n\ cr liic unsplit jiait
and dian up hetweeii the chiws: Ijieii hiin<;- tiie emjs
iVniii till' hack arnuiid and lie tn tlmse (;ii tlie I'roiit, a
!;n..t iia\ iii^ hi'cii tied in ea' ii In prevent tjie - ilit ex-
IcinliMu \n,i tai': in severe eases pmiltice with tlaxseed, or
I'nil' d tuiiiijis: di) nnl use enw diin^- nr other dirt\
iiiatei ials.
Dropped Hip i> a I'airly cnmniou I'ractnrc occurring- in
Imises. sniiicl lines seen in cattle, heinj; in tad tliehreak-
iiiu dnw II III t lie niiter pninl nt' the ]ii|> hniie, the result ot'
riishin;^' tiiinii^ji narrow dno] \v;iys or animals rinwdin"-
ill such place-', the eaicrul stockman will al\\a\s nive Ids
st( . ': plenty of time to ;,ret through doorways. i;atev,.,vs.
I'liiil iiinl l.iinl) Tniii/i/(s.
•_'i;;
f'Ic. Owiii- In the acliuii ,)f til,, iiiuxlo atlarli.-d. uiimn
<•!' Ilif parts is rare -fii<Tall.\ a lihr.Mis |,,iiii i> il,,.
result (scr I'racI uiv> > in ntlirr cax.^ H,,. parts d.. imt
miit.' and an (.jx-ial inn lia'^ luh.. pci loi ni.-d to ivnin\,. tl,,'
l"()s,- piece (if l.nnr. A snniew lial similar drI.Minily is
tli;it dn<' to iVactuiv .>r tin- point of the i.onc of Hi.- Jait
l«'(d<. jnst hclow the root .if the tail, to detect the lc>.ion
'•""■ lii'^l" >taiid t loidcot I he animal, and in dropped
liil> lieliind. I'ain and swellm-. to-viher u itii lamenev^.
and occasionally foiniation oi' pii> aid in Ih.' detection of
tliese lesion> due to accident.
Stifle out luxation of the patell.i e\i>ts in two l.iin-.
e partial and complete: I he loiiner usually in yoiin-
eolts. the residt ot' /„ ,v<//7,/.- sl„/!i,„.s poo,/,, musdrd
Ihrmuih ihr .li,l,s,j,t ..,„■/, ,h,,i: the latt.T in older ani
nials. tile result of an accident. in \on;m- cults i he ix.ne
wii! l)e.seeii to slip iu and out. a clicking- noise l.ein-
iinide at eacli st.-p: lor .sudi cas,.. a mihl l.lister rep.'aled
at two-weeiv intervals uill .itlenaid tlie y.mii;; patient.
'l"o avoid such cases le.-d well. ,1 ,t k,.,.,, .,n very liiliy
I'a.stiiies, ami avoid maliiiiji tin- loal lolio\\ its d; hir-
ing,' the day while worl<in- Tlf const ,ucl ion anal y,
'»!' file parts will aid in niiderstandin:: tliis tioul.le
aiHl tin- im-aiis of reducti. n. lu partial dislo.Mt ioiis in
.-r.vwii liorses a shaip crack of a \\hip will starlle tiie
'"'""' •""' '•"■ ' "ill ll.\ iiil.i phuv. in otiiei cas,.s
"■'""I'1<'1<' 'iisiocation h will l,e necessary to place a
'■'M"' around tlie fetlock of t lie atf-^cted |,mh, and iiav.'an
assistant to draw the limh ue|i lorNNard, ii,e hand h.-in-
used t.. press the l.oiie forward and inwards at lii<' .same
tim.'. when it will usual, \ tly into place ^^ith a sharp
■ \
!
•-'IJ
Vrfifiniifji FJinwnfs.
■lick.
the limb well tuiwanl l>v
oiKM' in jilac.' it is best ivtaincd tiicn- by k<'c].ii
It:
means of a ■sideline and bv tlie
use of a si i lie sin
ite (a shoe witii a |)HM'e of iion projcct-
in^' III front l(»iip or li\c inclie
limb.
smarl
blist
s I on the foot of the iijlided
VI. eanthaiiiie:
'panish fly ) oi
le
in(er\al of t\v
part to ( lean swei't hinl six parts, applied twice, at an
o weeks, will assist in i(>pairin^- the iiijiny.
That (he animal should be rested dnrini,M he treatment
every sensible peison will understand: ticatment in tl
cases should be proiujit.
lese
When the lesioi
1 occurs the lind)anected
IS s
t i \r.
liled
to the <,'ronnd as it were, kept out beliiml the body, and
if made to move is dra-,ue<l with the toe down, the wall
and even the front of the pastern may be (ui the j^round,
tile animal moves with \erv j;reat dilhcult\.
Spavin is die bane of hors*^ flesh and 1
lorsemen. and
while of two kinds, {a ) •>
spavin. af1ectin<; the bones
(»f the hock, and {h ) !>
•J,' s])a\ ill. affect iiij: the bursa- of
the i((int and adjacent structures, the
re is little difVer
eiice as to the serioii
the difiiciilfv in ciiri
s nature of eitlier trouble, owin^' t(
iij; either form (»f sjiav
111.
Bone spavin jack; is a disease of (he l>oi
oinf. an intlammation of tiie articular
les of the hock
as a result of which marked lameness i
i,l<iiiit / surface,
s iisiiallv sliown,
follow int; which a bonv eiila
r.uement is thrown out at the
.er part of the inteinal side of the hock joint: ll
le re-
sult of this disease is often stifl
ening of the joint. Tli
more serious bone s]iavins are tli
>se afl'ectinj; tin- iii)pcr
row of liock bones, situated towards the front of th.- joint,
and affect iii;j; animals over six years old. Coarse hocks
may exist, and if no lameness and both are alike should
.t K
^j>.i>iii iilC- IMll ( OIJ-
Foot and Limb Troiih/^-s. 21.')
formation, spmins, oxcessivo work of tlio hind limbs,
resnlt of .innipin- liioh sciiool work, tyin- in below the
hofk.s;this disease is sometimes seen in ciittle ami sheep.
Spavin is in many eases easily (let.'oted, due u, the
enlargement, being aeeompanied by lameness, which is
eharaeteiized by a sli()rt
eningof thestiide. diag-
gingof the toe. which is
niiiiaturaliy worn as a
coiise(|iience, lameness,
which the horse will
wannont of, bnt if stood
np for twelve to tweiity-
Coiir hours will show
•inite markedly, if recent
there maybe heat of the
parts and no enlarge-
ment, in fact in that form
known as occult (hid-
den ) spavin no eida''<re-
merit is shown at all.
Examination of the
hocks. T<» delect the
enlargement the ex
aniiner should stand in
..oNK .S...VV.N „N ,„.. K „K „KK ,,K,;. fpoHt aud a little to the
outside of tlie foreleg of the same side jus the liock to be
examined, the hock should present a somewhat w( <lg,.-
shaped appearance, tlie biuse being upwards, by phicbig
one's self in a similar posit i.ai by the other fore leg the
otlier hock is seen and a oomi)arisou made, tli" onK- safe
. i
! i
I i
way to detect the en I
irgement: if .su.-;'»ect'.Ml tl
u' examiner
•_'n.
\'<icriii(iri/ Kh nil Ills.
may lli'\ cli^c tlic jnini ilic \invk ii|i ti;,'litly and have
I Ik' animal trnttcd ntl i|uickly. w Inch, if airfctcd. will
limji iicict'pi ilil\ , 'I'lic liocio sli.iuld aUn he It-ll witli
Ilic ]iand>. the oil Imck willi l he Id't palm. etc. 'i'lu;
IrcatMii'Ml i^ pii'Ncnt i\ !• and ciiiatisc. tlic furmcr by
ai'niiliiiij thr ii-si III •<i>iiriiiiil.siirsi>i iliiiiis. Ii\ |)itipcr >li(i('-
int; ami avuidancc ni' tint lii'a\y li>ad^: Ilic cniativc cnn-
>i'<ts in rcducini: I lie iiillammat imi hy -i\ in- rest, warin
r<)iiiciilal ions, a lii,i:li licclcd >linc. and a iili;->tci' ilic red
ii>didc Ml mcrciiiN . and if Unit i'aiU t lie (ii iiiu nun and
lili>lci. wliicli >liiiiild 1m' idi Id tlif \ ciciiiiai ian. It is dn
unsoundness. In -Mim ( a>cs in wliicli liiiii;.'; dno ndi
ii'licNf. li!nai iiriircctiiniy ciitt iii,i;' nf Ilic nci\C' or
cinican iciinlmny cnllinL; nT ihc icndoii (if tlic |nnt.s
slnuild lie pel rninicd li\ ihc >iiil;c(iii.
U(Hj spdvin i-~ a cnndil inii in which ihc cai).-.ular lij^a
niciil III' I he hnck i'liiil i~- di>lciidc(i li\ inint dil ( syiiuxia •.
apjicaiinu a> a soil -wclliii- nii the inner >idcs of the
hnck. just aliii\(' the site (if hone
>pa\ in. I'his discjix' occiiis in
two I'diins. : I : \\ ilhdiit any iii
llammal idi or lameness; i 2 ) a
hard, painful >\veliiii^- with ac-
companying lameness. Tho
( aiise> arc incniat lire o\ crwork ;
ilcUrlirc conforiiiiiliuii, iliir In
hrrfllt)/: the swelling lieinn- soft
and cool, il may lie due to over-
iio,. ~rx\iN N M, I ii..i"i ..II- feeding:, such as for show pur-
I'! N I i:i ~~.
pose-, in such cases cold water
co;npre--ses and a i^ood hand riililiiui;' for I'll to •"■0 miiaites
bclorc takiiin lictorc Hie pidi;-es will often remove the
Fo(f' mill Liiith Troulihs.
247
ciilur^ciiM'iiI for ;i slinrt tinK-: t rtMt iiit'nt is iiMially
iiiis;itisfacli>iy, prcssuif by IIk- use nf a Ikij; >|)a\ in ami
tlinniiii;li|)iii tiiiss l)ciii;; tlir ht-st.
Thoroughpin is rait-ly absi'iil uIhmi lioj^ s|)a'. in <'xist<.
and is iliif In tlic |iit'ssiiri' lA' tlit'liiiid const itutin;^- the
\n>i^ s|»a\ in on the Idiiso- ol tin- )M'rroian> imdon. wliicii
is tlius im-^iird out of place. 'I'liis lesion a|iiMnis as a
swelling; at the hack iiart of the hind !'■;;. J ist alio\ e the
jKiint ot' the hock and in front of the hanis,rin^. il can
be piessed t'om side to side with the lin;,'ei the iicat
iiUMit is tlie same ;us for \>i>'^ spavin. In dralt siallion>
may lie due to a s|irain of
the tendons, a seiions con
(lit ion.
Curb IS an enlar<;emeiit ( a
bowing out ) at the back
part of the hock, about six
to eigh; inches below its
point. usiiiUy it i> de
scribed a> a sprain of the
ligaments at the ba(d; of
the ho<d<. .juite often the
bones of the part a?e ai
fected also, the enlarge
meiit being <lin> in many
(■a.se.-> to the |>usliin:. oui
•.y\f\ of the liga'iient b^
the iutlamed bone, 'i'o uc-
t( ,\ the enlargeim at it is
often necessary to vimid lo
one side of the hoi k a;. 1
then to the itln ;• s(i as to
I
II VP II I KltV I HIMl I.K(iS.
C, :i curl).
i I
' r'
2 IS
VelrriiKin/ Kh-wrnts.
soetlie back !!...■ of 1 1,H.- in pn.iil,.. Tlio caiiM-. „f .l.js
tn..il,l,. arc many. Jmi.i.i.,- and slipj.ir.jr. yoin- Mp steep
iiH'liiu's, and more .■specially coiilni mati the result of
heredity. Horsemoii oltei. sp.-ak otC.iri)y i sickle) liocks.
sarh a mn formation is rHi.rrlall,, liah/r to nn-h. and is rnvlil',!
transmittrd to th, pro</rn,, l.y on oprtrd sire. 'Hie Ie\ er-
aj,'e exerted in connecli.m with the hock joint is very
powerful, ihe -round hein- the lul.Mun.: tin- wei-ht, the
resistance of the head of the lower thiol, hone: the power,
the nuiscies of the -askin , lower thi-li , atta<hed to the
point of the hock. The tendency I., eurh will he increased
by (1 ) work loo severe for the strenf,'tli (.f the levei. (L>)
by disease or immatinilii havin- r.'iid.-red the j.arts une-
«|ual t<. tiie strain, (.!, hy the surfa.r for attacliment
of the lit^anients bein^' too small, u tied-iu liock, (4)
by the muscles of the y;usk in bein^r very stnmg, , ,% , by
the presence of a lar-e an-le formed by the direction of
the weijrlit and levei'. as in the sickle hock. It is an un-
soundness and n nr// bad defrri in stallions; is probably
commoner in li-rht tlian heavy liorses; lameness is shown
in the earlier stages as a ruh-. Tlie application of a lii-h-
he«led .sh..e and the red nn'rc.nial blister ( bin iodide" of
nuMonry 1 to 1 of lard, will generally overcome the
trouble: if the lameness and eidargenient persi.st, the
veterinarian slioniu be asked to tire the parts.
Stringhalt is a disease of a tendon of tin' hind lind), it
used to be clas.sed as a purely ner\,.us aflection. The
atTecled parts rtendons) undergo .severe contiaction.s as
a result of inflammation of those tendou.s. The evag-
gerated tiexing of the hock, more (piiekly than natural,
ami high lifting ..f the fuot .seen when th.- animal i.s
71
I'ltiil ilinl IJiilli 'I'niuli/rs.
L>t!t
hacked nr nicucil I'nrwanl. icmlfr llic it'cii^iiilinn oCtliis
(iiscasi! (|iiitr jilain: lli.- I icat iiifiit is sMr;,Mcal. and coii-
sists ill cuttiiii;- the tciidun , |ifiuiifiiN a slidit <listaiicf
l)f!n\v Ilic llc>(d<.
Shoeboii . capped elbov% is sjtiialrd at tlic point ot" the
cIImiw. tlic rcsidt of loo iiaiiow stalls, lack ot hcddin},' oi'
IdTssiiif of Ihr iicfls of till' shoe wiicii Ivinj,' (low n; to
I»rc\ cut it tiic liccl should he padded, or a |tieee of L'" hy
•_*" stiilf nailed crosswise in the stall, aliont lialf way
hack. 'I'his tronlilc usually calls foi' liie intei\ cntion of
the sni'^con hefoie heiii^- finall\ cured: if it is well fo-
mented with warm water in tiie eail\ stages and the ful-
lowinj,' liniment applied.
So.'ip liniiiiriit j iijii,
Stmnu spirits ofaniinnniH ', (h-ai nni,
every day for two weeks. heiii<,' well inhhed in. the more
serious hlemisli may he avoided.
Capped hock occnis in two I'.e ns. that dne to enlai'ge-
ment (»f the Joint oil sac i l)ni r, of the part, and the
less serious form, the cyst tormed hetween the tendon
and tlie skin, usually the residt of injuiy, such as kick-
ing in tlie stahle. When the intlammat ion is overcome
it may !)(> hlistered occasionally: grooms favoi- ;i p;uste of
vinegar ;uid fuller's earth api)lied over the j):uls when
in tlie stahle.
^;
• iiArii.i; w.
nXTRRVAL AND INinRNAI. PARASITES OF
ANIMALS.
PtirdsitK: (roubles III. • niinin mii-, ;iiii,,|ii; ilic slnckuKni's
fli;iri;r>, ;iih| nil- ill iii:iii\ cj^o liaicl lu n\ ..rcunic. lioiscs.
■^'"''■p :l'l'l li"lllli\ s,.,'iii \n \„- iiiuir ri.liiiii(,|ll> ;illfclf(l
"I'll' ••alll'' :iihI |Hl;>. in ..mI.t \<< ivihI.t llir slii(!\ of
llii'vr |,:,i, l-.il.'> .M-i.-l. Ill('\ will iif cLi^Mti,.,! illt(i(A)
<'\1<'| iial. \', iiilci ii;ii.
\ I. l'Alrrii;il |i;ii;i>ii,-, cause --iicli (liscasfs as M'ah in
■>lifc||. niaii-i' ill li,,i>,.> aii'l du-s. li,-,. nt all lann>lork.
iliclu.lili- poulliv. Ihr \\ail.lr> ,,| rattle, liiinwollll (if
catl Ic aiKJ ^ica>r ul' Iidi.scs.
Sc«ib i> a (Hmmsc (iC >li»M-|i. caiiM'd li\ unc nj' i he iiiaii"('
liar;tv|te> >aiv(,|.les ,,\ i> ,. ami i> 1 1 aiistiiitted l.y cLiitac)
iVulu (iiie sh, ep 1.1 Hie utliei. K'aii.uc -lieepare Mlon- colli
Hinnl\ aHecled ilian iii.,>e kept nil tj,e jariiis altli()ii';ii
the recent laws and s\ >teiiiat 'e (lijipiii-s are teiidin-,^ to
>l:iiii|. it .Ml!, Sli....p altiM'l.'.l MJih tills <li>..ase ihi not
tliii\.>. llie\ are coii'iiiiiall> rnlii.in- t lie-iiseUcs. due to
Hie itchiii- eaiiM'.l in tliepaia>ite s.ahniite . t lie w.m.I
fall- .Mit. l.M\ ill- lar-e. l.are. raw spnis. and often foniiu-
tiou of M-alrsan.l ta.u:;iii-- of t ii.- w.h,!. later tlie skin l.e-
<• ''^ lurr.iw.MJ and !ii,'kene.l and hl.'.'ds fr.un tlie
••'a.l-s. '1 he li.'M ir. iiiiient i> prevent i\ e in character.
^''I' ■'" -li«'<'li liclore iiiitiin- Willi ilie (lock: affected
siicep .should Im" kept liom liealtii.\ sjie, |,. and dimied u
I.'.rfi null mill Iiitmiiil I'lnn.sili
>r I,
couple of t i UK'S ;it two week iiitci \ aK; i hr \ ai ions dips mi
llic iiiaikt't. siicli a.^ roopci's. I.iti
• •'s. clr., arc rclialilc
A < Asi: (II- scA i:
Mange in horses and doi^^s is not easy to control; in
horses it alVects the niai.;' and tail: s|>readinjr !<• the jaws,
body and tlii;,dis. there is ;;reat itchiness and a tendency
to iul». pimples rorni and dis(diari;-e a seiiini and l)are
spots appear: tlic skin getsa roii<,dien<'d sore apju^aiance,
it usually takes one to two months to de\eiop. and is
very (•ontaj,Mous, the latt«'r symjitoms distiuj^MiishiiiL,^ it
from eezcMna. In order to j,'et at tin; parasites, the hair
should he clipped and the clipi)in<j;s l)uir)ed. the animal
should be washed with soaj) and warm watci- to a (|nail
.1. .1 1 .1 1.
VI ux- ;;ui
ni\ c 1 1 1 I <ii t~<i
-■'■- Vftniiiitri/ I^/riiiiiits.
'> ' Wll.sliili- sn(l;i. IIMII-H >liir l.|ll-<litu :i|,|,|y lli.-
■■''"'■^- •■'■"■"ll" NCC to III. ■ pilll (.Iwill.T. ul ^lllflll-
•Hie to lai.l ,.i;,'li| ;);ut> >lioi||.| 1,,' u,.|l iiil,|,f(l in daily
;ilt<M \h,' liist wasliiii-. Ail liariir>>v|,:,iil.l I,,- .•jraiis...!.
ciiii ycoriihs ami hriishi.s iiimifi ^nl toi- a few iiiiiiiilr> in
'"'ilin- wat.M, ;in.i the lM.<|.liii- iMiiiir.l if t ii.-sr art ici.'s
lia\<" hfcii ii-mmI loi iiiaii-y aiiiiiial>. Hot failiolic Uhm-
w:i^li s|)iayf<i o\.Ttlif>talU u ill aUohf '..ii.licial. 'I'liat
l'"INlof l!iail;rilU'sS al1<Ttill- thr IllllhN of liaiiy I..i;-,m1
lioiscs .oiiiinonly I.tiii.<I o,,.a-r, is aUo har-l to (.\..|--
foiiic, the sanii- -.ii.Tal tival lurni slioiild l.c-iMMi. tor
llic local api.liralioii aflci the wasJiiiiM. ,i,,. s||iiii|-k,.io-
sciii' iiiixtuic so iiiiK'li iisfd hy licaw lioisciucii will l.c
loiiiid vtM-y iM'iM-tiatiii.-- and coi ^'iincntly \ri\ l.ciicrK iai.
In this foiiM tlif iiiaii,:;f iiiilrs coiniiiciut' at tlichaidx of
tilt' i.astcri) and woiU up to tin- ki .r In.ck, allcct in"-
111*' iiind linil.s j^'i-iu-rallx : tin-ic is o-n-at itcliin.-ss. tin;
lioiscs bite and nil) tln-ir t.-t locks, and otl.-n arc heard to
stiikc the f,Moiind frciincntly with tin- loot, ('racks,
crnsts and thi(-kcnin- ol'tlic skin result ironi this dis-
ease. A lorni of this disease known as scaly le^s occurs
ill poultry, ill Nvlii<'li cases the le,i;s art- swelled and roni,di-
Miod in appearance, due to the slandii,- (.m of the scales,
washing; with warm soapsuds and the ajiplicalion ofcre-
(ilin. kerosene, hein^' <'ai('fnl with the latter, or hen oil
(Tilsoii ) a few times will o\t-ri mhic the troiihle.
Lice infest all \arielies of faini stock, and make I'leii-
I)resence known hy the c\cessi\e ilchim-ss shown h\ the
stock and the api«'aianc(- ot' the i)arasites and their eji<,rs
(iiits). 'I'he trt-atiiicnt \Nill vary wilii the animals, if
siicep or pigs are affecled. the former with a red louse.
liilniiiil mid /iilirinil I'mit.'iitr.s nf A iiiiiidls.
(lip lis I'lir m;i1i. ii>iii^ siicli iiiulfiiiil^ ;i>< crt
f 'll ll kl'i ti i-i I ill I 1 1, kli.i I 1 1 1 i.t. I t «!..
•lii
•2r,:\
i-l tiiol
-^ -....•. III. j,, I iii.ri,
cliloiniKiplillK.lciiiii, flc. iinil ir|M'at lli<> ili|>|(iiij,' in two
lm>;ill..\\ III- tiiiii' t'(.i' II'" nils to lialcli on I.
wlit'ii tin- iifw lice can l.r d -l loynl; I icks of sliccp n«!e(l
mill ii^M.illi ,,',..... I.. >l... t • I . I .1
\\<'«'k'> I inir, t li
wlit'ii tin- II. -w lice can l.c d -l loynl; I icks of sliccp n«!e(l
the same Ircaliiicnl, usually ^'i\fii 1»\ llic best slicplicids
shoilly allcr slicai lll;,^ Calilc need the ap|»licati(.ii of
crenlin ami water one In iwenly i nielled lard and kero-
sene I two to one ) oi I he kerosene emu Ision made as fol
lows:
<>iie half pound hard soap and one ;,Mlioii of wator,
boil until the snap is <lissol\ cd. then add t wo ;,'alloiis of
kerosene (coal oil) and iiii\ thoidii^'lily ; when alioni fo
use take line part of the cniiilsion to four to ei;,dit parts
of the water: in placi- of the hard soap, whale oil soaii •»''
«Mie quart of soft soa]) may lie used.
Ringworm is a contagious disease duet<» a fiinj^us found
on man. horses and cattle: it oficii di<'s out of its own
accor<l. 'I'll is disease, as the name implies, shows itself
by bare iini,'-sliapcd patches, in which the hairs are seen
to be broken oil' close to the skin, oil some spots tlie hairs
are sjdit at the ends or are dead. 'IMie i)arasite often
all'cctslhe skin around the eyes of cattle, and in some
oases will spread o\ er the neck or on parts of tiie body.
The atVected parts should be well washed with soajisuds,
usiii;,' a brush to remove an\ of the dead skin scale.s,
then follow with oiieof tin' follow iii'mintmeiits, one bein"
iis useful as the other:
iis useful as the other:
Salirylic acid
(lean ^<wc■ct lard
b)di(l(' of sulfur.
[.;.r.|
or
1 part,
<i jiarts,
1 part,
« parts.
Ifl
!|
Vtli riiKini I'll nii'iils.
Wlllrli >||iill|(| lir J 1 1] i| In I cilic' ill I W lif il:||l\ Im ;| \\ cfk ,
lirlli- .i|i|iliiii 1)\ iiililiiii- 'Acll 111 uiili llif (iii;,'cr>: MS Ihc
illxMsf is ciiiilM- mils till- li:iiiirss. (iiiiil^. Iiiiislics, etc.,
slimild l,c ilisiiiictril :is irciiniiiit'iulril lui' inini^'i.. .\ f
liTlfil iiiiiiiuls shiiiilil |„. -i\,.|| o 1 c,,,,! .,,1,1 Ionics.
M<i(|qots III ;iinin;ils ;iic -fiiriall\ rniniil mi whiiikIs.
•ii"l <'ll<'i s|M.f|i llial aiv It-It iiiita;.'-r.|. is really
iN'iHccd liv iiiiclcaiiliiicss: siiiiiiiii'i' time is ijit- |»fii'Ml
when till' |ii'^i> an- !u lie luiiiiil, ji<-iifc Ihc reason jur llic
a\iiiilaiicc iiT siK li ii|iciat inns as <lcli(it iiin^' diiiinj,' liie
•^iiiiiiiifi iiiniillis: as siiiiii as ||\ I inic 1ic;,miis, nia^^'uls.
" lii'li arc Ihc lai\a' nlllics. hcin^' lialclicii \'n,u\ lln-ir
• ■.Ltus sliiMiliI lic Idiikcil inr. 'Ijic licalnicnt is cN-anli-
Mi'ss. rici|Uciit la-i^lliu ciltlin;; uir llic |)icccs III wnol
siiilcd Willi ilic iiiiiiciir Icccs i nC sliccii. and the iicca-
■^i"!!:!! a|i|ilii Mliiiii III' cifiilin. or sniiic oilier aiiliseiitie.
Grub in the hedd is a disease alVeclinj: siicep. due In tlu'
sliccji ^adll\ la,\iii- Us c^r^s in ||ie nostrils of tjic sliee|.,
wliicli cl;l;s eventually iiatcli out the larxa' or ^mii1»
(•atiscs snee/iii;; and discliar;,'e of niiiciis froiii tlie noslrils
;nid liy the iiiilalion set up in the nasal cavities niav
cause death. I 'i e\ cut i \-e measures are the most salis-
lactoiy to adopi. tarring- the noslrils hein.^ as ^n,, id as
•'ii> ; I"! :i lli'ck, it is reconiMieiided to hole two inch
aii^er iioles ill a io;;. piac<' salt in the hottoin and smear
'I ';;••> \\i'li the tar, tlie si |> in their desir,> lor salt
\\ill in this wa' applx the tar Ihemseix cs. furl her treat-
ment is surgical and not praci icalile lor genera! Hock
iiiaiia,i;em(iii. Sh. ep seem to kimw intuit i\ el\ tjie result
<>r the attacks uf this j,^idlly and w ill try to Iniry tlieir
noses in the earth to axdid its attack
I'll' null I'icl I till I II, il I'.iiiisihs III' Jiiiiii,i/\, •_•.',.",
Iho horn fly ol (<iltlc i> \,\\ cniiiiiiun m xuin- >iM-.niis,
" I'' :i hull' I.I.I, k ll\, ..11. 11 t i| III rlii^in^ iiK.iiiKJ llic
'"'III l';i^''. I..i lU l.l!'\ .•Ml hill III \\c.kl\ ;l|.|illr;il luli^ i.r
li^ll ml cniitailllllL: cli Imlir ,i(lii. .illf iillliri' In I ||f LTiiJiu;,
"I oil iiiiil ;i|i|ili..il ilniii: IIm- l..i(k ^iihI ariiiiiiij ihr li..iii-..
Il> fill cN :ir(. to.i Wfll kll.iw II I.I liccd ii(-.ill|il Kill. rile
ll^i' .if lill^ lllKllllc Ulll ;iU.) Icinl t.i kcc|. nil llic inirhli
Jill. Ihf cHitIs iiT W hlrli ;|lc vrcii 111 III,. \\.|| 1,1,.^ f, 11,1,1 ,,I,
t lie hiicks I.I (Mil 1... wliiMi iciiinv ..,1 I h,. \\ ;ii 111.' 'ai'\ ;i- ..r
till' li.\ nIi.hiI.I Ii, ;i1 ..III-,- ilfNJi i\ ,..|. Ill.io ;il,. ,i|;c|i
iimlci i:ill\ I II I II I, 1 1 iiu ii|M- I,, ;iii;|..kv ,,| ||||> t|\ dm 111^; Ih,'
lil«' "I' lli<- Jiiinial. I'.iiir .11111, ■.■-, if ilnwci v nC siil].liiir.
• •iic;;ilU|)ii ils.iiiar. iiaiii ,,j| ,,ii,..|iiai l.iiii\c.l ami a|i|,||,.,l
alnii^ llif >|(;ii,- i.iicf a \\t,k will i.n.l |.i |ii.\(.|it ih,'
ia\ ai;<s ><{' iiii> ||\ .
Poultry lite .aiis,. ml, mis., it. Inn- and I, ins .i| i .mdil i.>ii
ill llic liii-l. and --li.iiild n.it li.' 'ifi iiiill.'d |.i .xi^i in an\
"P I" "iaic I Illy I >,•. ('a>. V ai-.. .ihii i n w liiidi aiii-
inaU Iniiso. .I,-,. Iia\ <• h.ioi, ,• aH,'(lc.i w hen I ji,- |i.iiil
try idiistfd u illi liu'in. 'I' lie icni.i\ a I ..I lli'' |i.iiill i \ and
the use .(!' iiisc-t p.iw dcr : T i ii u i iii, r m t h,. ,•[ ,..,| m l,.t ioii
in siiiiiiiit'i-. I.i-..|lici' Willi III,. |ii,iiiirui UN,. .iT k.T..sfri('
III' In. t lini.. wash, will ii\ ,tc.iiii,. ih,. ti,,iilil,.: iiscsiiltiir
lavislily ..I iiisfcl |i,i\\.l,.i in ih,. nests. ||,.n li.niscs
slniiild he llii.i.iii-lily iicalcd Iwi,-.. y.-ai ly w it li Imt liinc
wash, the roi»t> ami nests liciiiu plenl iliill\ .l(i\\>,.d with
kciiiseiie.
Summer sores in horses are said t.. he paiasitie in ilicir
'i;"ili<'. ill India heiii- teiined Imrsall, r. 'I'iie disease is
sh.iwn hy s.ires..ii the skin, at tin- I'etl.i.k. sheath. liK'e,
lips and rn.ni .if the cliesi : al the i)e-iiiiiiii- the s.. res are
■I
I
-■''> Vit< riiKirji h'/iiiiijils.
tvd iiiul uiilK'ultliy l.KiUiii;:. sniiM'iiiiics iHMily ii foot in
diameter, arc oltcii l<<'|.t moist l>\ I he discliarsif, in tlie
son's arc (il'lcn t'omid little pfa-shaix-d hard yellowish
bodies: Hie sores lie;d of their own aeeori! in <-old weather,
ill aeeordanee willi the iilea of |»ara>itie ori<,'iii. strong;
antiseptics should he used, earholie acid I'nll strcn;,dh.
later j)aint on camphor one jiarl to earholie acid, two
and one hair parts. '|"li.- application of one of the I'ol-
lowinj; after the sore l.e;;ins to look healthy will be all
that is needed, in addition to preventing; any iiritation:
<'''i>'''<''i'- arid I ounce,
'^'•^i" I ounrc,
<':>"M''i<>'' -xiunrfs,
M.'i.iyi;"..,] ■^pn'it- |.", ouures,
or
'""loronn ] ,l|.;,,n,
nil oi (nciiiyiiliis 1 ounce.
Kee|) the sore coMMed with i he (lrn,i;s niit il healed.
INTERNAL PARASITES.
Bots are tlic larva' of -ad-llies whi<di lay their oranjre
colored e.i:ji;s(ni the le-^s and hetween the ja ws of In.rsc.s.
the e}j:^rs are licked olV or fad into tlu' feed and are thus
swallowed hy tlie h... , . win-re tin-y arc hafcln-d out in
the stomacii. wh; ic the larva' ^ hot ) will stay for iiiontli.s,
later on being passed out in the duiii,^ to be hatciied out
as the jiadlly. so well known to hoisemeii and so nuicli
• beaded by their charges. H is donlitfnl if any ho'ses
in tliis country are iVce from bots, ])ostniortems invaria-
RitniKtl (inil Intmwl fanisllrn ,,/ Anhiutlx. ^oT
I>ly sliowiii- til. MM t(. he i.K-scril in viiivmj; imiMhcis.
The incvfiitivc tic;it nicnt is to destroy I lie i'<,^gs. A
t-Iotli (liiinpciu'd witli kcrosrtic will tf.-ul to romovc f licin.
Tho t'lU'ct of hots (It'iM'iids on tlic imiiii)cr present, if lew
no ill elleds are noticed, hut if many, the horse is un-
thrifty, snllers from indij,M'stion and may die from llieir
effects on the stomach wails: they are fastened on ihe
stomach walls very firmly and it is douhtfiil wliether
iiK.'diciiies have mnch ellect. tuipentine two ounces in
one ati ' one half pints of new milk three moinin,t;s in
succession. <riv,.n on an empty stomach, will probably be
iis elfectnal as any i\n\g. T'opperas powders, owinjr to
their tonic and astrin.^.-nt <'irecl ..n the mucous mem
branes will also be benelicial; tartar emetic two dram.s
ill the food daily for two weeks mi.-ht be used in place
of the drench.
Pin worms are , mall thin whij. like woinis one to one
and a half inches l,,ng. found in the posterior bowel
(rectum), while producinj; little disturbance (tf the gen-
eral health, they manifest themselves as a rule by a yel-
low waxy matter around the amis and liy rubbing of the
tail and hind parts, the worms may als.) be found in or
pas.sed with the excicment. Tiie treatment is mainly
local, by means of injections, /iist give an injection t<.
clean out the bowel, and follow it with one of salt and
water, one ounce of salt to one-half gallon of water; or a
decoction of .piassia chij.s may be used, if the injections
fail to remove tliem. internal treatment will be needed.
Round worms are the larger kind usually found in
Iiorse.s, and when lull grown are six to fourteen inches in
length: they usually inhabit the small intestines; when
2r)S
Vderinarji IUcnunts.
luiiiiy iire present tlio ;iiiiiiKil loses eoiiditioii, f,'ets pot-
bellied, has a loiifrli coat. e:i])ricious aiijietite. sliows a
teiuleiiey to eat dirt witii occasionally a colic or diar-
rhoa, and jjrescnce of woinis in thedunt'. The riddance
-iiiM \( H I.I A ric.i!-i:.
G. -'l''!!' (IUIIpI (C'SdllliMLMls).
of a liorse of these parasites is not ve:\ ditlicnlt if a
thorou-jh effort is made to dislodf,'e them, in order to get
the best elVects the animal sliJidd be starved before giving
the drugs, which may be as follows:
Ti.rtar emetic ■ ilraclim,
^^'"I'P*'™^ : (Inichiu,
F.iltrnnl and fufcnuil I'<n-ani1es of Animals. 2."i!»
mixed mid -ivcu in tlu- ft'.-d tliree times u day, loliowed
by a duse of aloes, or:
'I'mpeiitiiii- two ouiices. new milk one jiint. iMven three
sii.eesN.ve iiioriiiii^^rs „„ j,n empty stomach, tlie tourtli
moniinfT giv,- Ta.tar enietie two diaehms in a pint of
raw linseed oil. if the horse lias to be worked steadily
the following pow(h'rs will be useful:
I'ow.l.Tcl .(.piMTas I ,Hin.-,.,
I'owdi'icd lihic-tdiic j (niiic,.
i'.)\v.kT.Mi su^ar ^ (.mi.rs,
mix and make into twelve powders, one to be given twice
(hiily in the feed.
Woniis are not common in cattle; in sheep are the fre-
([Ueiit cause of losses and occasionally so in pigs.
Stomach .vorms, usually found in lambs, are the most
serious and most "oinmon, they are very small, onecniar-
ter to one-third of an inch long, pale reddisli in color, be-
ing found ill the fourth stomach only. I.aml)satrectedare
thirsty, pale in the eyes, lose weight, are dull, lose their
ai.petite, may scour or eat dirt. ];. i/ine or g;i.soline
two to four drachms in six ouuce.s of new milk, given
thiee mornings in succession (,n an empty s*omach, have
been highly recommended; creolin and milk, in similar
(h)ses may also be used. Worm powders for sheep should
be mixed with plenty of .sjilt and placed in the salt
troughs.
Tape worms wlien pres.nt cause -symptoms similar to
tliose described for Ntoniach worms, in addition, paleness
of the skin ami mucous membrane, brittlene.ss of the
lleecM'. loss of (lesh, voracious ajipctite, pieces of tlie !ai)e
2r)(»
Vilnlnani IHi )iii iif.s
woi 111 ill (lie (Iiiii;;; tlicy ;ii(' liioit' pi tn ;ilciil in wcl sen
sons and on (laiii|> pastiiics.
'riiri)entiii(' in raw niili<. a (Icciiction id' piinipkiii seeds
are i)l«i and tried i<-iiic'dies: santoniiie. as niiieli as will
lie on a live eent piece, or taiiiiate of pelielieiine three to
(ive ijrains. are new remedies reeoniiiiended. Tlie best
Itreveiitive treatment is to elianjie the pastures and crop
the old ones for a few years.
A loll},' worm is sometimes found in the intestines Of
pigs, iiniess in eoiisideiahle iiniiihers they seldom cause
iiiiich troiil.le, if siispccte<l yive turpentine in iiiiiU or oil.
or oil of wormseed.
( HAI'TKi; wi.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AND THEIR SUPPRESSION.
Diseases of germ origin hnvo hecoiDe of great iiiiimit-
iuicc t.) tlic slock raiser in •ceoiit years aud are more
easily controlled than tornie-ly, owinfj t,) the work of
l)acteri..lo-istsan(l veieriiiarians. IIvj,'iene, wlueh means
pure food, },ro,,d ,v:iter. imre ; ir, siinsliine and eleanli-
iiess. prevent the harborinn; of {jerins and thus limit or
l»revent their pr(.pa<,'ation.
rubercHlosis, eoinni(-Mly termed eonsninption, is cpiite
prevalent in the luiman race and in cattle is not ai all
uncommon. The caus<' of the disease is tlie huvUhis in-
hrrvHlasis. disci.vere<l l)y Koch in IS,S2. Iferedity is only
a predisi)osinf,' t use, as are hick .)f pure air, inrnitritioua
food, lack of sunlii^dit, as in dark basement barns, etc.
Tiie disease is not easily discovered in the early stages
Mitliout the aid of tin" tuberculi- test, which is a very
reliable method when in the hands of competent men',
and is entirely without dan-.M- to the animal tested; in
the hiter stages of this serious trouble tlie disea.se is evi-
denced by a fi-e(iuent cough, general ill health, shown by
the staring coai, capricious appetite, and someiimes a
stinking diarrlnea. Treatment in the u.sual .sens? of tlie
term is not practicable; but the |)rogress of the di.sea.s>
ill a herd may De aire.ste<l by culling out the di.sease I
cattle at lea.st once a year by means of the tuberculin
test, separating the health v from th
e unheal tin, and
262
Vi ti riiiiiri/ h'/i nifiil.t.
rai>iii^' tlic (•;ll\^■^ tVoiii tlH' (lisciiM'd rattlf, re \ in;,'
tlH'iii ass as (lri(|i|if(l. liowcNcr, Irnin tlic (l;mis. tliis
l)t'iliir Uiiowii as liif l;aii;' inclliod.' S/,ii/(/lil, r. hasul nnhi
(in tlic results of tlic liihciciiliii Icsl, is an iiisaiir ami
expoiisivc iiictiMMl d' '■xtciiiiiiiatidii <>( this |m's1. iccoiii
meiulud hy sdinc bactciiolo^Msts ami \ elciiuaiiaiis; it is
<;ivi.N(. riii: 1 1 i!i:i{( ( i.in tkm-.
time oiiougli to slaughtei' wlipii the animals sliowii to be
alVected hy the tiibeieiiliii test also show clinical synip
toms. as mentioned above. Su)ili;/Iil, pun' iiir. f/uod f<,o<l
(tnd Ionics, oil meal, <'tc.. will all <ii<l in hei'intii/ nniiinils in
f/uod licallk. in wliicii condition they are practically mure
'>!• 1-s impre^Miabl' to the -cini. It is a K'xxI plan to
test, with tnbeicuhn ail animals bion^dit into tiie herd.
I n^irii,' 1- a riiili'd v. , , ri ua f,> piMl-s-.n- ill CoiiiMilia:;!'!!.
Coiitai/iou.s Disnises nm} Tlicir Siipj)rrs.siuu. 2(i3
••spocially if the herd is iiiade up ol' iiiire bretl stock.
'I'lic tiilKMculiii tost, it shiiuld hv loiiiciiibercd. is not in-
fiillil)lu. Th()roiij,'li diiiiiif,,li,m of ulalilrs should iitvrr hi'
nt'iihxted \v)umi tuberculosis has made its aj)])! ataiicc; tlie
(act of Us eonf)i;/inuii nature must nrccr hi- I'orj^ottcn: tlie
probable daii},'er to human beinj,'s can best be limited by
the tuberculin test followed by |{an^'"s method. i)asteur-
ization of milk and thoron<,'h meat inspection. Prof.
Koch (IJerliii) has recently slated that liuman tubercu-
losis ntituul be communicated to cattk-, and while not
fully proven, is of the opinion that tuberculosis cannot be
yiveu by catiie to the hcman 1 ein^^: he asserts the great
danger lies in infection by the sputum of man; be it Jill
as lie states fuhfrcn/oi'.s cattle are not as good property as
non tiibeiculous cattle.
Glanders and Farcy hold a somewhat simihir position to
horses that tubeiculosis does to cattle, although not as
common as that disease, yet is (juite contagious, and in
the early stages hard to (h'tect, in which case the use of
the mallein test is useful to detect the earli'.st inroads of
the glanders germ, tlie bacillus mallei. This dise:use is
transmissible toman, in wiiom it manifests itself by loath-
some symi)toms. 'i'he symptoms, wIumi the diseiuse is far
enougli advanced, in liorses are as follows: A discharge
from one or botli nostrils, usually from the left one, of a
sticky, green, gluey nature, witli a discharge from the
eyes and enlargement of the submaxillary gland found
beneath the jaws; in the local form, termed Farcy, little
lumps form on the limbs and body, which eventually
break and discharge i)us. Treatment of this disea.se is
not advisai)le, in tact under the cont::gious disea.ses acts
< til
ii
264
I '/' n'liKn/ I'll 1,1, iiIh.
"I MUM.M>M;it..s. slai.-hl.T is„,ll.-,l I.,,-, and is il,,. best,
iiK-aiis so lar of .(•nl lulling,' ||„, ,lis,.a.sc.
Bhitk-leq or quarter ill is a i at I,,.,- ..oniMmn .liscas,' af-
'•■••tiM-vouh^^rattl,.. l,,.in-..rmai,.Hht(Mlj;,.,nM.ri-i„, l.Ml
'"'"".al.-ly. owiM^r ,„ ,;„. MicM.tists. ,,,,. h.- cont rn||,.,l in
a li.i.l. This Uiscas.- appears soincwlial sudd.Mily. its
I'n-s.Mic.'I.,.ni-„ia.l. •!<„..«., hy dcall. .,f tli.. v.-un- "rattle
'•••tweei. six .M..utl,s an.i tw,, yars uC a-e. especiaUv dur-
'"- ""' '""""'^ "'■ •'nno. .Inly ; Au-ust. Caeklin.'
svvHlii,-s„„ 11... skin of ||„. l.ndy, tl,i.,.l,s. ..erk. sh..ur
'l-'is. .■!.•., au.l iinihsalM.v.. ti... kru'cs and Locks, u lueh
MvHlin^r.aieat first s„,ali a,„l pai.Hiil. later heeuM.in-'
«'<'l-l aii.l iiisensil.le. tu.elher will, lever, h.ss of appetite'^
and stoppaoe nf riiminalioi. are all si-ns nf ti.js disease.'
Til.. sw,.ili„.s nive .,1,1 a eiaeklin- sound uli,.,i the liaiid
IS pass,.d over them, if an incision is made into then, a
'lark red. iVothy. nasty sinellimr |inj,| h..^^.^ ,-,,,„,, ,,^^,
'' "'• ''■lieoennohtainsenlrancelli, mj^h wounds in
th.' skin, takiii- from one lo live days to develop. '|'|,e
;,'."rm retains Ms \ iiality and contaj;ioiis character l'.,r
'"-atl'N fi.v l.eiir. its surest destroxer. The most satis-
factory treatment is that of a pi.-ventive nature, o!.-
•"i".'<l l.y tl... use of I'.lacki.- vaccii,,- ,n' l.laekle-ine,
which .Mn he ,^ot fi any dru-M-,.. All dead bodh-sof
"••"•I"' aff.'cle,! with this disease should 1„. humed.
Hog cholera and swine ptague may l,,- < M.iisid.re.l. for
all praclical purposes, as one dis,.ase. .iilteni,.; <,nly i,,
•••••alit.v. the (iist named atti ■kin. tjie intestines of ho-s;
llic s.'coiid the lun^^s of those animals. The disease is
very eonta.^ious and fatal to ho-s. The ..nset of the
disease may last from a few hours to several weeks.
('oiitiii/HiiuH hiKxi.srn ,1)1(1 riirir Sii pprrsxioii. 'Jfin
lloj,rs ;i(n'<-l.'(l (Inxip and coii-li. los,- t lim iippd ji,- and
Mrsli i;ipi.|ly. aiv \ ciy w.-ak, may -how dianliua or
• •oust ipat ION Willi pink spots o\ ,t llic ahdoiiicii or (lii;,rlis.
The l)ow<-is aiv oftf'ii loiiiid lo Im- iilc..ial<'<l and tlic
liiii;,'s inllatiK-d on p,,>t rnoitcin. 'I'lvatnicnl so far lias
not iH't'M siiccfssfid. lli(Mi;;li niiriHToiis (piack irni.Mli.'s
iuv advert is.'d to cm.' the trouble, preventive iiiociila-
• '•^ ""»' yet a success, the linrean of Animal Industry
recommends the r.illowinL; nii\liire to he given in (he
feed, one teaspoonlnl to each ho;;:
<''""'":'l I II,.
Siilphnr I ]|,
<'<>I1IMII1II suit ■> 11,^
Itiikiiiir M)ila -2 11,^
Suiiiliatc of soda o ||,^
Hyposiilpliiic of sdila :.' n,^
HIack antimony I n,
It the di.sease apjtears in a dro\f of lio,i;s. separate the
sif'k from the well, and ship the latter 1(. market; disin-
fect the pens thoron-lily. nsin- i)leiity of lime, destroy
all the he.ldiii',' nsed with lire. (Junnintiiir all lu ir liof/s
for li/treii dinjHhi/on ji/nriiif/ nil/, l/,c drorr; do ;n>^ allow
persons from infected farms to <,ni into the pij; pens or
yaids.
Tetanus, or lockjaw, as it is commonly known, is more
common in cities than in the coiintrv; it mij^rht he de-
sci'ihed as a state of c<)ntiniie<l contraction of voluntary
muscles (those under conirol of the will;. Thi.s disea.se
is due to jrernis whicli usually get into (he animal by a
wound, once in that wound these genus produce ixiwer-
ful poisons, the r<'sults of whicli aif shown in animals by
266
Vi'ti I iiiiirii I'.l, nil Ills.
flM' r..ll.,uin-s.\,n|.loti,.: Iiialulitv tc o|„.,M In- i ih as
wideas nonnal. ih.- nus,. ,„,k,..i n„i. tl„. I„.:..| sli-l,tly
el.-VMlcl, tilt' tail may he laisrd. tli,- ainniai is \,.,y slilf
in its movt'iii..iil.s: if ||„' h,.a.l is s,„i,l,.,.iy lilt.-.| ,„• tl,,.
animal iVijrht.-n.'.l ll,,- haw will h,- m.,>ii Ic ll.\ uvcrtlic
t'y<', a safe indicalinn of this disriisr: thr nustnis ai.-
dil;il...|. hrralhin- .(iiickr I and Ih,. lully imUrd up.
Thr animal K''Is •■<min1 ipat.Ml and nitrn its i itli -rts lunl,
dnoto iHonli.m ..flund in il. D.-alh nsnally ur.Mis iVoni
spasms nf the cIm'sI mns<.|..s ,„■ t Ih.s.. nf t |„- lai\n\. 'Ih.-
IM'iind of incid.alinn > tii la, .sin- lM-tw....n tlic allack
'>,v tin- <i*-im and s>m|.l,.ms of ihr <liM.as,. i i> usnallv
from tliivc In t,.,i da\s; i,.c..\,.iy is latv Lclnrv ih.- third
week, ,.n..n (iv,. I,, sjv wr,.k>a.v ncc,-ssai\ hrluir ,.,„i
val<-s,.,.nc.. hcoins: H, „., ,, ,,„„^ .„.,. ^,,,^^^.,| ,,^^,
•"••'■'■ Inlal th.-dis,.as.-. Thr.unn. ..C this ,lis..as<- is iWand
'•1 <'iiilli and .Ircayin- mall.T. lirn... a> this ilismxr is
oiirnfirouwl in/>rtin„. i| is ivadily s<.,n h..w ii ,rlant
jlxinlinrssnuil \h,- nsr .,|' ,n,li.., jitir.s arc in th.. Iivalincnt
of all wounds. Th,. livalnnMil of this ,ii>,.as,. .alls lor
the most sUilU'd \ .•t..|inar,\ alN-nlion. Ih,- slo.kman .loinj,'
his part I'y kr..j,ii,;; tii,. animal p,.il,',ily ,,iii,.t an,l I'm-
from annoyanc' l.y visitors. Ih,. stall w,.|l lM.d,l..,|. a sap-
ply of nonrisliin- foo,! ,„, hand ami walchiiif; i,, s,.,. that
th(; animal do,'s not -ci ,l,,wn and strn^.-l,.. This dis-
ease may folh.w castration, dockin;;-. wonnds of iji,. f,.(.t.
oven such as overreaches, etc.. an<l the ns.. uf unclean
instniMMiuts. Th,- anti lelani,. s.-rum is l„-i„- use,l in this
<iiseas,-: so lar it shows -reatcr value as a i.rev,-ntive than
as a cnrati\<- aj,^eni.
Texas fever is a disease ,.f th,- Soulh<-rK slal,-s a:le,-ting
cattle, tlie poi.sun (virus; of the disea.se bein- carried
n
('iillfili/iniis hi.-iril.si-i mill 'I'll! II Sll/ipri UMiiill. "JfiT
l>,\ illlrk. I'll, ih^.M^,. sli.ius ilscll ill ciilllc |,y t'.'V<'r,
'»l"<"l^ niiii. iliMj)^\. (Itlici.iHv 1,1 liliiiiil. liiyv ,.!' :ij)i»«'-
till'. >ti.|.|i;i^(. oi iiiill^ M<i(lii,ii Mild I iiiMJiiiit lull, rapid
\v;i>tiii;,' :iii(| (Icalli; pnsi luuilciiis show tin- spleen
eiihir-tMJ. a^ is tlie liver. 'I'lie uiil\ ellect i\ e Ireatiiieiit
is nf llie pie\eiiti\e cliarailer. Iiy iiiuciilat ion willi the
iiiixxj MTiiiii (il an alleeted aiiimai. i P'rancis and Coii-
in)\\a\ ),
Anlhrdx is a iapidi\ lalal disease ul' cattle and oilier
animals, the lesuM ,ti tjie inioads ol the aiilliiax ^eiin.
''"'"• >iid<l^ ss ol attack, endinj,' in deatli in iVoin a few
iioiiis to a lew da\s. liinli f,.\ er. con^^cslion of nmcons
ineiiilnaiics, liloodv disciiaip-s lioni natniai openin{,'s of
llw body. si;,r,|s nl' luain congestion, sndi as excitement,
Ix'llow in--, coiiv nKiohs. siiipoi-. and deatli: dillicnlt, rapid
1) tea tiling-, and as pic\ ions symjitoms indi<;estion, eon.sti-
pation. diminislied \i\acily. 'Ihe Irathnriil is entiit-ly
ol tile prrifiitirr older, the use ol" (liithni.r CdCriue. Ituill
all carcasses Ol sprinkle wiih (piickliine. handle :v.s little
as possilde. as this <lisease is ■ |,.ss deadly to the
linman heini;. iiencc one should iie\ er hold a postiiioi-
tem on such a (•;,>,■. neither should the animal i)e skinned;
tanners and wool sorters sometimes heconie infected with
this disease thronj;li hides and fleeces.
Lumpy jaw i actinomycosis i is due to the invasion of
the lissnes iiy the ray lniit;iis. 'ihis disease is (piite eoni-
nioii in eiltle. usually showing, itself in those animals by
enlar;,'emenls of the lower jaw. in the early slaj,'es the
lumps are ijiiilc nio\al>le, later on the Jaw iMine hecomes
atleclcd: occasionally the iip[)ei' jaw is atVected or the
tumors are found on the skin of the head and neck: mav
^;