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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure ara filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams Illustrate the method: Lea cartea, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimfo A dea taux de reduction diff^^rants. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour Atra reproduit en un seul cllchA, il est fiimA A partir da I'angie supArieur gauche, de gauche h droite, et de haut an baa, en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessairo. lies diagrammea suivants iiiustrant la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 rv MEDICAL ESSAY; O R ¥ ttr$^ AND ^^m.^^-^ S'M'srssa^i^fj, BY PHILANTHROPOS PHYSICIAN. MONTREAL : PUBLISHED BY F. C. AND A. DREDGE, No. 14 McGill- Street. 1849. smc/K THE following work is offered to the public, in the hope that it may be of service in restoring the sick to health, and in lessening the sum of human misery. Long experience has taught the writer, that the sys- tem of practice, laid down in the following pages, is not only safe, but if judiciously followed, will cure, ( when a cure is possible ) most, if not all the disorders to which the human system is liable. The system of medicine discovered by Dr. Thomp- son — although it has been opposed and ridiculed by the medical faculty, and himself imprisoned, and his life attempted to be taken by them — has steadily ad- vanced in popularity, as its merits have become known, among those who have not been blinded by prejudice, from the misrepresentations of men whose "craft wasj in danger," until it has spread throughout the United States, and is f?st becoming known and appreciated in the Canadas. Thousands and tens of thousands, when given over as incurable by the regular physicians, have ascribed the saving of tL Ar lives to the use of the Vegetable Medicine. Many eminent physicians have had the candor to acknowledge the efficacy of Dr. Thompsons's system, and not only to defend him and his system from the attacks of the more selfish part of the faculty, but . ave adopted the use of his medicines. Among them is the celebrated Dr . Waterhouse of Boston, formerly Presi- IV PREFACE. dent of the Medical Collego at Burlington, Vt. who pubUshed a treatise defending Dr. Thompson, and re- commending his system to the pubHc. I shall first give an article from the writings of the Rev, John Wesley, on the ancient practice of Physic, from which much valuable instruction may be derived. Also, the candid confession of Dr. Reese of London, on the modern practice. I shall then endeavour to point out the general cause of disorder, and the proper medicines to be used in case of sickness. And lastly, make some observations on nursing, which is believed, >n many cases, to be of more importance than even medicine itself. PHILANTHEOPOS PHYSICIAN. REV. JOHN WESLEY ON THE ANCIENT PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. (H>i THE healing art was brought into use in a very natural and simple manner. In the earliest age of the world, mankind, by various experiments; or accidents, discovered that certain Vlants, 'oots and barks, possessed medical properties. These were found sufficient to remove their diseases. The appliea- tio esc -emedies, were plain and easy ; but in process of ^ ■*■/.' . vc ; ilie structure of the brain, heart, lungs, jv- ,.^c Ivjwc^s, «*~c. with thfc springs of the several animal functions. Thty explored the several kinds of animal and mineral, as we:i as \ egctable substances. And hence the whole order of Physic was subverted and founded upon hypothesis. They formed theoriesof diseases and their cures; and substiluted these in place of experiments. As theories increased, simple medicines were more and more disregarded, and disused, till in a course tf years, the greater part of them were forgotten ; at least among the more poliie nations. In the room of these, abundance of new ones were introduced by reasoning, specu- lating men, and those more and more difficult to be applied, as being more remote from common observation. Hence rules for these, and medical books, were immensely multiplied ; till at length, physic became an abstruse science, quite out of the reach ofordinary men. Physicians now began to be held in admiration, as persons who were something more tlian human. And profit attended their employ, as well as honor : so that they had jow two weighty reasons for keeping the bulk of mankind at a dis- tance, that they might not pry into the mysteries of their pro- fession. To this end they increased those difficulties, by design, * which were in a manner, by accident. They filled their writ- ings witu abundance of technical terms, utterly unintelligible to plain men. They affected to deliver their rules ; and to ijeason upon them, in an abstruse and philosophical manner. Tney represented the critical knowledge of anatomy as natural 6 MEDICAL ESSAY. philosophy ; and some of them insisted that a knowledge of as- trononiv, and astrology, too, were necessary previous to the understanding of the art of healing. Those who understood only how to restore the sick to health, they hranded with the name of empirics. They introduced into practice abundance of compound medicines, consisting of so many ingredients, that it was scarcely possible, for common people, to know which it was that wrought a cure. Abundance of exotics, neither ttie nature, nor the name of which, their own countrymen under- stood. Of chemicals such as they neither had skill, nor tor- tune, nor time to prepare; yea, and of dangerous ones, such as they could not use, without hazarding life, but by the advice of a Physician, and thus both their honor and gam were se- cured, a /ast majority of mankind being utterly cut oH trom helping either themselves, or their neighbours, or once daring to attempt it. Yet there has not been wantin^f , Irom time to time, some lovers of mankind, who have endeavoured, (even con- trary to their own interest,) to reduce Physic to its ancient standard; who have laboured to explode out of it all hypothesis and fine spun theories, and make it a plain and intelligible tiling, as it was in the beginning, having no more mystery in it than this, " such a medicine removes such a pain." They have demonstrably shown, that neither the knowledge of astronomy, astrolosy, natural philosophy, or even anatomy, is absolutely necessary to the quick and etfectual cure of most diseases incident to the hyman body. Nor yet any chernica , or exotic medicine, but a simple plant, or root, duly applied, so that every man of common sense (in ordinary cases,) may prescribe for himself or for his neighbour, and be very secure from doing harm, even where he can do ho good. hven to the last age there vas something of this kind done, particularly by Doctor Sydenham, and in the present by his pupil, Doctor Dover, who has pointed out simple remedies for many disorders. And some may be found in the writings of the learned and in- genious Doctor Cheyne, who, doubtless would have communi- cated many more, but for the melancholy reason he gave to one of his friends who pressed h'm with some passages in his works, which too much countenanced the modern practice. "O sir, we must do something to oblige the faculty, or they will tear us in pieces." CANDID CONFESSION OF DR. REESE. Dr. Reese, of London, was Member of the Royol College of Surgeons, Author of b Dictionary of Popular Jtlcdicine, " Medical Guide,"— "Chemical Guide," — Corresponding Member of the Society of Practical Medicine of Paris, kc. THE Charter of the Royal College of Physiolans, is found to contain a singular licencp, which is, permission to any one, and every one, to practice the healing art by the use of herbs only. Now we consider this as ample permission as man would re- quire ; for poor must be the resources of that physician's mind, and very narrow his knowledge of medical botany, who could not, from the vegetable kingdom alone, cure most of the diseases of the human frame : even the specilic of mercury, if we are driven to the necessity of a substitute, might probably be ri- valled in some of these productions of nature. We know not whether we have most reason to hail the discovery of niercury as a blessing, or regard it as a curoe, since the diseases.it entails are as numerous as those wljich it cures. Our best informed Dentists declare that they can clearly witness the progress of the use of niercury in the increasing diseases and decay of the teeth. There are serious objections, also, to the use of other articles of the metalic world: antimony, iron, and arsenic, are dangerous remedies in the hands of the ignorant, and mankind, perhaps in the aggregate, would be benefitted by their expul- sion from medical practice. As Dr. Reese has not enumerated the diseases which mer- cury has entailed on mankind, I will endeavour to state some of tliem. If calomel, which is one of the mildest preparations of mercury, be given to a patient, who should take the slighte^w cold, either the muscles of the face, or the intestines suffer. To either of these it yields all its stimulating powers, and in- duces on one or the other, a high degree of inflamation, which terminates, frequently, not only in the destruction of the muscles, but the bones of the facu, or the mortification of the intestines. Palsy, palpitation, rheumatism, lingering hectics, and chronic complaints of almost every description, are also brought on by the use of this most deslruc'ive article, calomel. I have known persons, who have taken one dose only, who were so well be- B 8 MEDICALESSAY. fere thev took it as to be r.bout their business, which attaclted the muse es of the face, to such a degree that they couhi not Ipen the noulh, or speak, or take any food but what they sue - ed through the teeth, for the space of two or three weeks./l here are i)rob?blY few observing persons, wl>o have not witnessed the effects Jf calo.nel here mentioned. Dr. Reese tells us also hat here ^te serious objections to other rmnerai medicines, viz • a!'imony, iron, and aisenic, and that manU.nd, in ine Tgrega e ""ou d, perhaps, be benefitted by their expulsion S .ned cal practice. All the mineral preparations t^ro unce - ta-m as t dipends much on the situation of the stomach, XC they have any operation at all, or whether they ope- rate wUh da^ngerous vi1)lence. See Thatcher's Dispensatory. Then why not abandon them altogether ! li CAUSES OF DISORDER. COLD is the general cause of disorder. Who ever heard of an acute or chronic disease, but could (race the cause to some cold which had been taken. If cold is the general cause ofdUease, of course heat is the only general remedy; for no- thing but heat can overpower cold. But intemperance, or ex- cess may cause disease, and there are diseases of the mmu, lil which may tiot be caused by cold. ^ • i The standard of health is, a free perspiration, 5i free circula- tion and a regular movement of the bowels, whether asleep or awake, caused by the motion of the diaphragm, in drawing m and pressing out the breath. When a person is in this situation he is in health. Our bodies are so construc^ted by nature, as to have a constant tendency to throw off whatever is useless or offensive, which is done by alvine evacuations, unne, sweat, expmor^^^^ ; and to cleave to that which i. agreeable and useful. Wben a physician has duly attended to the fore- goi-K^ standard of health, and the construction, and evaciiations from^the human body; if it is by any means diseased, it wil not be difficult to understand the cause of the disease, \yhether occasioned by cold, intemperance or excess ; or whether u exists in the mind, or whether the regular movement in the bowels is obstructed. When a physician has duly inquired into every particular circumstance relating to the case, then, and not till then, he may be competent to prescribe and assist nature to MEDICAL ESSAY. 9 throw off tho offending cause. If cold is the cause, and is at- tended with all the ayniptoms of an approaching fever, it may be thrown olVby sitting by a lively tire, covered with a blanket, and taking some hot medicine, or if none is at hand, half a pint of hot water drank as hot as can be borne. Sit till pretty warm and perspiration starts freely. Then draw back a little at a time till the sweat has dried up ; then throw off the blanket and move to^vard the fire. This, in mcwt cases, will throw off a cold, and prevent much sickness and pam. When the re/rular movemcntof the bowels is obstructed from costiveness, give a strong decoction of the bitter root bark, or a tine powder of the bark in water: if this should not answer the purposv.', givo a sirong tea of thorough ■" ^rt, and an injection of the same, and »-epeat it if necesfe This I never knew fail to give relief; but if it sliould, t'.7 .laiient should be carried through a course of medicine as quick as possible. When the reguladty of the bowls is disturbed by a relax, give a dose of composition powo^r, or No. 3, but no more should be given than barely sutBcient to regulate the bowels; more would be injurious. A powerful dose of physic would be weakening, and a powerful astringent would prove hu'-iful bv stopping I lie relax too suddenly. But if the disorder is caused by intemperance, or excess in eating, or exists only on the mind, let the cause be removed, and the effect will us'ially <^'ease. When a person is bilious it is generally owing to errors in diet. Let these be reformed and the ci)m plaints will cease. But if a person take a fancy to be always bilious, let him be always or often taking calomel, or blue pill, or active' purges, such, as Lee's pills, &c. and surfeit himself with high living, and he will certainly succeed. The soundest liver will not be proof against such abusv*^. The Jiiuecessary or imprudent use of medicine, has mined many cons'itutions. A dose of medicine, taken with aview of preventing an Ptsack of disease, not unfrequenlly invites one which would otherwise not have occurred. The absurd practice of blc^v'ing, or taking purgatives, or other medicines, in the spring and autumn, under the erroneous idea that by so doing the blood is rendered more pure, should he carefully avoided. Let it be recollected that the health and strength of the body are not supported by the quantity oi food that is consumed, but only so nrmch as is capable of being digested and converted into pure chyle and blood. If more food is taken into the stomach than is well digested, it will turn rancid and viscid, and will weaken the body instead of strengthening it. to MEDICAL ESSAY. To prove the importance of strict temperance m diet, we might kppeal to many illustrious examples. ^^^J ^J^^^/. ^° .^l* life, written by himself, relates the particulars of his d etetics. His drink ^as pure water, and his food the most ^^^V^^^re. No man ever enjoyed better health than Franklin. He always bad a clear head, and was ever ready ^^ any emergency. He acquired a reputation as a statesman and a philosopher, which has given his name currency over the whole civilized world. Cornaro is another example of the advantage of temperance. If we would adopt his simple mode of living we should un- doubtedly be rewarded with a long and happy life. Cornaro was given over by his physicians at the age of 38 : he found that if he continued to swallow the trash tjiey were m the habit of giving him. there was no chance for his life. He dismissed them, and adopted a regimen of his own : he al owed hi^^^^^^^^ twelve ounces of food per day, and no consideration could pre- vail on him to exceed it. His appetite was rather keen, and he enjoyed the simplest food with the greatest reUsh. When ea ♦ ing a piece of dry crust, he was heard to say, - How delight- fill it is : it is so delicious, that I am almost mduced to exceed mv allowance." But this he never did but on one occasion, by the advice of his friends; he quickly returned, however to his former allowance, having suffered by the deviation. His life was one continued scene of health from that time till his death. At the age of eighty or ninety he observed that com- pany was delightful to him, especially the company of children, feut Cornaro could not live always; he went down to the grave at the age of one hundred and five years, as stated by his neice. a Nun It Padua. His history records a complete pattern ot eelf government, well worthy of imitation. I would not recom- mend to every person to weigh his food as Cornaro did, nor to allow himself but twelve ounces per day. That was undoubt- edly sufficient for him, and all his constitution required ; but there are probably many who need more. The best rule is, tor every one to eat that kind of food that agrees with him oest, and have hij meal consist of one dish only — always to leave the table with a good appetite. If you do not feel quite satisfied when you leave the table, in a few minutes you will feel better than if you had indulged to the full. If you wish to have youx sleep sweet and refreshing, be sure to take alight "K'laws of nature alter not ; they are omnipotent, and must be obeyed. If they are attempted to be contravened, we are sure to suffer in consequence. iieaiiii is Sciuoiii pru^eriy vaiucu uu xusis 'V{\ hnryof how tQ MEDICAL ESSAY. 11 preserve it is of more importance, than to restore it when lost. Health cannot be preserved by taking medicine. Strict tem- perance in all things, and proper exercise, can only effect it. A temperate life is not one of privation, but of real enjoyment. No man can enjoy himself to the highest degree, without being strictly temperate. The moderate uee of the good things of this life, is not to be condemned. But we ought to be extremely cautious not to be misled by a disordere^^ or inordinate appetite, and pronounce that good which is absolutely injurious. DISORDERS, Which may he Cured hy a Regular Course of Medicine^ if ta- ken in the First Singes of the Complaint. Apoplexy, Asiatic Cholera, Bilious Cholic, Canker, Catarrh, Chicken Pox, Cholera Morbus, Cold and Cough, Cholic, CoDsumptioa, Convulsions, Cramp, Diarhoee, Dropsy, Dysentery, Epilepsy, Fever and Ague, Fluor Albus, Gout, Hectic Fever, Hysteria, Hydrophobia, Inflamation on the Liver, Influenza, Lockjaw, Measles, Menses Obstructed, Nervous Fever, Pleurisy, Palpitation, Palsy, Phrensy, Piles, Poison, Recent DeafncM, Rickets, Rheumatism, Spotted Fever, Saint Vitus' Dance, Stone, or Gravel, Stranguary, Small Pox, Tetters. Venereal, Yellow Fever. When a patient is carried through a course of medicine, for any one of the above complaints, and is afflicted with other chronic complaints, such as rheumatism, catarrh, asthma, &c. if he has sufficient strength to bsar the operation, they will all be removed at the same time, if even of twenty ^^ears standing. — In sucli cases the steam may be raised as high as can bo borne without scalding, with smety by giving cayenne, com- positioa or powders, to keep the internal heat above the ei> ternal. I MEDICINES, Which may be used with safety in the Cure of Diseases. -1; THE medicines which I shall take the liberty lo recommend to the public, are those of Dr. Samuel Thompson, as con- tained in his course of medicine. Experience has taught me that they are safe, salutary and efficacious. 1 have added some articles of my own, discovered to be valuable, in my course ol practice. SPEARMINT. This is a well known herb, and makes a very pleasant tea, which may be freelv used in sickness. The most valuable pro- perty which it possesses is, to stop vomiting. If the emetic herb, or any other cause should produce violent vomiting, a strong tea made of this herb will stop it, and sit pleasantly on the stomach. THOROUGHWORT. This herb is very common, and is often made use of for many complaints. It is of a warming nature, and is good for costive- ness, and also for coughs and other complaints of the lungs. BLUE VERVINE. This is a well known herb. It ranks next to the emetic herb, for a puke ; and may be used for that purpose, either alone, or combined with ihoroughwort. It is good to prevent a fever m its first stages : it has been used with considerable success in consumption, having efTected cures where the physicians had given over,— it may be used in a tea, made of the dry herb, or it may be prepared in powder hke the emetic herb. COCASH, OR SQUAW WEED. This herb i? known in this country by the name of Frost Weed, or Meadow Scabish; it is a wild weed, and grows in wet 1 J 1 .1.- _;j_ „r \ ,L-^«=if V"!" 1 ojollr that frro'WH foiir Of laUu oy lU^' SiUG ui u;uOti J ■"■it Uaa a oitutu ,!..,.. j^ MEDICAL ESSAY 13 five feet high, rough and woolly, with a narnw leaf — bears a blue blossom lafe in the summer, which remains till the frost kills it. The root lives through the winter, and in the spring puts forth a new stalk ; the roots and top are used for medicine; it has a taste and smell like lovage. Take the green roots and tops, bruise them and pour on hot water. Give the oa sweet- ened. It may be kept by adding a little spirit. It is good for rheumatism, and nervous aifeciions : ii is perfectly harmless, ( unless too much spirit is taken with it,) and may be used freely — is an excellent medicine for canker, cholic, dizziness in the head, cold hands and feet, and if persisted in, will remove ob- stinate cases. CAMOMILE. An herb well known ; the flowers are sold by the apothecaries, and are much used in tea for dilTerent complaints. It is good for bowel complaints, and externally applied will relieve sprains, bruises, and remove callouses, and restore shrunk sinews. IIELEBORE. Hippocrates, the most noted ancient p.jysician that history give** account of, made much use of white and black helebore, as medicine, particularly the white helebore, which he used as an emetic. He made much use of it for delirium, in so much that the saying, such a one needed helebore, became proverbial, forthe lossof^their senses. Physicians, in the present day, make use of it for rheumatism, and some use it in all cases where an emetic is necessary, and consider it the easiest that can be given, as it was never known to cause cramp. It is prepared in two ways, viz. by boiling it to a gum, and giving a small pill the size of a wheat corn ; also by filling a junk bottle with the roots, washed clean, and adding a pint of alcohol- dose, a teaspoonful to Ln adult, and repeat it if necessary. Add- ing a little water to this tincture makes an excellent eye water wiiich will cure almost every case of sore eyes. It is also a sure cure for the itch, by making a strong decoction of the roots and adding fresh butter or lard and simmering it to an ointment. The bruised roots are an excellent poultice for a felon, or the ague in a woman's breast. The fresh roots pulverized, and applied to the bowels, promote e discharge of urine ; and ap- plied to the region of the liver, remove schirrosilies and other affections, though of long standing. 14 ■ 1 1 M I 1 i i MEDICAL ESSAY. RED WILLOW. The bark of the red willow is one of the best articles for can- ker known, and may be used as a substitute for the bayberry root bark in the composition powder, or No. 3. EMETIC HERB — LOBELIA. This herb may be found in the first stages of its growth, at all times through the summer, from ^!e bigness of a six cent piece to that of a dollar and larger, lying flat on the ground, m a round form like a rose pressed flat, in order to bear the weight of snow which lays on it during winter, and is subject to be winter killed like wheat. In the spring it looks yellow and pale, but as sum- mer advances it shoots forth a stalk to the height of from twelve to fifteen inchjs, with a number of branches. In July it puts forth small pointed pale blue blossoms, which is followed by small ])ods about the size of a white bean, containing numerous very small seeds. This pod is an exact resemblance of the human stomach, having an inlet and outlet higher than the middle ; from the inlet it receives nourishment, and from the^ outlet dis- charges the seeds. It comes to maturity about the first of Sep- tember, when the leaves and pods turn a little yellow ; this is the best time to gather it. It lives but two years. Wherever ihe land is fertile enough to yield support to the inhabitants, this plant may be ihond. In hot and wet seasons it is most plenty on dry and warm lands — in hot and dry seasons, on clayey and heavy lands. When the season is cold, either wet or dry, it rarely makes its appearance : and if the summer and fall is very dry the seed does not come up, and of course there will be but very little to be found the next season. This plant is dilferent in one very important particular, from all others that 1 have a knowledge of, that is, the same quantity will produce the same ellect, in all stages of its growth, from its first appearance till it comes to maturity ; but the best time for gathering it, as before observed, is when the leaves begin to turn. Then it should be cut and kept clean, and spread out in a room to dry, where it may be open to the air in the day time and be shut from the damp air at night. When perfectly dry shake out the seed and sift it and preserve it by itself; then beat ofl'the leaves and pods from the stalk and preserve them clean. to PREPARATION OF MEDICINES. TO MAKE DYSPEPTIC DROP'S. Take bitter heib or balmony, sufficient to fill a heitle, pvt in water and boil it till the strength is out of the herb — strain, and boil down the liquid to the consistence of tar ; dry a beefs gall to gum, and dissolve a quantity of the gutn in alcohol or spij-it, and add as much of this to the extract as will make it suflficiently thin to be conveniently used in drops. These drops are an excellent medicine in cases of dyspepsia or indigestion. By taking a few drops before or after eating, they cause the food to d. easy on the stomach. The above herb is about the size of mint, the leaves a little longer; the stalk is four square ; the leaves art; of a dark green color, and a sweetish bitter taste — it bears a white blossom re- sembling a snake's head, with the mouth open. BITTER ROOT, OR WANDERING MILK WEEP. This valuable herb grows in meadows and in hedges; in appearance it *s something like buck-wheat, having similar white blossoms ; when the stalk is broken it discharges a milky substance ; it has two small pods about the size of tlie cabbage seed pod, containing a silky substance. This herb is wander- ing, that is, the roots run under ground to a considerable dis- tance, springing up and producing many stalks, which rise about two feet from the ground. The kind most commonly known by the name of wandering milk w^eed, grows only on up-land ; there is another kind which grows near rivers, which is some ditferent in appearance from the other ; the roots run deep in the sand — its leaves and pods are like the first — both are good for medicine. The bark of the root is used — the root should be dug and washed clean and perfectly dried, and pounded in a mortar, when the bark is easily separated from the woody part. This root is very bitter, and is one of the greatest correctors of the bile known — it should be used in all cases of costiveness, as it will cause the bowels to move in a natural manner. The first stages of a fever may often be thrown off by it. Dose, a ieaspoonful of ihc powder in water. 16 i lit I V- 1 MEDICAL ESSAY. brown's drops for fits, etc. Take one pint of spirits of turpentine and add two ourices of sulphur. Simmer them over a moderate heat till one third re- duced. Add as much Camphor as it will dissolve, and it will make Stranguish Balsam. To two ounces of the balsam add one ounce beef'i gall, one ounce spirits of hartshowi, and one ounce sweet oU., and it v/i\\ make the famous Kitridge Oint- ment. The drops are good to cure fallen sickness, crarnp- convulsion or hysteric fits, and also 'o expel worms. For a dose take from'^ten to forty drops, on sugar, night and rmrning. To cure green wounds take lint or cotton wool and fill it with the drops, and apply it to the wound, and keep it from the air, and it will soon get well with very little, if any, soreness. NERVE POWDER. Of the American Valerian, or Male and Female Nervine, there are four species, one male, and three female ; the male i» called Yellow Umbel, and grows in swamps and wet land — has a large cluster of fibrous roots matted together, joined to a solid root', which puts forth several stalks that grow about one foot high ; it has leaves something like the poke leaf. The fe- male kinds are distinguished by the color of the blossoms, which are red, red and white, and white; the red has but two leaves, which lean over to the right and left, between which a single stalk shoots up to the height of from eight to ten inches, bearing on the top a red blossom : the red and white grows only in swamps, and is found in larger clusters than the yellow. The yellow and red are the best for medicine. The roots should be dug in the fall, or in the sprinor, before the tops put forth — they should be washed clean, and carefully dried, and pounded or ground to a fine powder — sifted and preserved from the air for use. This powder is a valuable and safe medicine, and may be used in all cases without injury, and where there are ner- vous symptoms, it must not be dispensed with. For a dose, take half a teaspoopful in hot water, sweetened ; or the same quantity should be put into a dose of the other medicines, and into the injections in all nervous cases. It is good in cases of night-mare. No. 1. EMETIC HERB. This herb is prepared and used in three different ways, viz. 1. The powdered leaves and pods. This is the most com- MEDICAL ESSAY 17 mon form of usin? it ; and from half to a leaspoonful may be taken in warni water, sweetened ; or the same quantity may be put info either of the other numbers when taken ; to cleanse the stomach, over-power the cold, and promote a free perspiration. 2. A tincture made from the green herb in spirit. This is used to counteract the effects of poison ; to be either externally or internally applied ; and for asthma, and other complaints of the Jungs. For a dose, take a teaspoonful, adding about the same quantity of No. 2, in half a teacup full of warm water, sweetened, and in all cases of nervous affection, add half a tea- spoonful of nerve powder. For the external effects of poisoDt take the above dose, and wash the part affected with the tinc- ture, repeating it till cured. 3. Reduce the seeds to a fine powder, and take half an ounce of this powder, or a large spoonful, and the same quantity of No. 2, and put them in a gill of No. 6, adding a teaspoonful of nerve powder; to be kept closely stopped, in a bottle, for US3. This preparation is for the most violent attacks, such as lock- jaw, bite of a mad dog, drowned persons, fits, spasms, &c. In all cases of suspended animation, where the vital spark is nearly ex'inct, it will go through the system like electricity, giving heat and life to every part. In cases where the spasms are so violent that the patient is stiff and the jaws are set, by pouring some of this liquid into the mouth, between the cheek and teetb> and crowding it back of tli« teeth, as soon as it touches the glands of the tongue, the spasms will relax, and the jaws be- come loosened, and the mouih will open without any efforts of the muscles. Then give a dose of the liquid, and as soon as the spasms have abated, repeat it, and afterwards give a tea of No. 3. This I never knew to fail of giving relief. It is good in less violent cases, to bring out the measles and small pox ; and if applied to warts or pimples will remove them. For children the dose must be regiilated according to their age. If very youno, steep- a dose of the powder ii> a half a tea- cup full of warm water, or tea of raspberry leaves, and give a teaspoonful at a time of the tea, strained through a tine cloth and sweetened, repeating the dose every ten minutes, till i8 operates ; and give pennyroyal, or some other herb tea to drink. No. 2. CAYENNE. This is a medicine of great value in the practice, som half to a teaspoonfu), in hot water, or a tea of No. 3, sweetened; or the same quantity may be mixed with a dose of either the other numbers when laken. The dose should be re- peated every ten or tiftcen minutes till the desired object is effected, and continued occasionally till health is restored. When this number is given the patient should be kept warm, by sitting by the fire, covered with a blanket, or in a warm bed. No. 3. —FOR CANKER. Take Bayberry root bark, or red Willow bark, white pond Lilly root, and the inner bark of Hemlock, equal parts of each, pounded and well mixed together; steep one ounce of the powder in a pint of boiling water, and give for a dose a common wine glass full, sweetened. If the above cannot be had, take as a substitute sumach bark, leaves or berries, red-raspberry or witch-hazle leaves, marsh- rosemary, bark of red willow, or either of the other articles described under the head of No. 3, they are all good for canker a; 1 may be used together or separate. When the violence of the disease requires a course of medi- cine, steep one ounce of the above mentioned powder, No. 3, in a pint of boiling water, strain off a wine glass full while hut, and add ateaspoonful of No. 2, and the same quantity of sugar: when cool enough to take, add a teaspoonful of No. 1, and half that quantity of nerve powder. Let this dose be given three times, at intervals of fifteen minutes ; and let the same com- pound be given by injection, and if the case require i it, again repeated. If mortification is apprehended a teaspoonful of No. 6, may be added to each dose and to the injections. After the patient has recovered sufficiently from the operation of the medicine, which is usually in two or three hours, place them over the steam. This operation is sufficient for one time, and mm* be repeat- ed each day, or every other day, as the circumstances of the case ma;^ require, till the' disorder is removed. Three times will gen- erally be sufficient, and sometimes once or twice will answer the purpose ; but in bad chronic cases it may be necessary to continue to carry them through a regular course two or three times a week, for a considerable length of time. Great care must be taken to keep up an internal heat, so as to produce perspiration, after they have been through the opera- lion, by giving occasionally No. 2, or the composition powder; ily pre- )8e take No. 3, dose of i be re- bject 18 estored. warm, rm bed. ite pond of each, powder 3D wine ch bark, marsh- articles r canker )f medi- co. 3, in hut, and f sugar : and half en three ne corn- it, again ul of No. I MEDICAL ESSAY. 19 for if this is not attended to, tlie patient may have a relapfe, in which case it will be very difficult to raise it again, as they will fall as much below a natural heat as they have been raised above it by artificial means. During the operation give milk porridge, or gruel, well season- ed, with a little cayenne in it ; and after it is over the patient may eat any kind of nourishing food that his appetite shall crave. A tea-cup full of the tea of No. 3, should be taken night and morning to prevent a relapse of the disease, and during the day, drink frequently of a tea made of poplar bark ; and if costive use the bitter root. As soon as the disorder is removed use the bitters, No. 4, > correct the bile and restore the digesture ; and half a wine gla».'^ full of the syrup, No. 5, may be taken two or three times a day, which will strengthen the stomach and assist in regulating the digestive powers. The foregoing directions are calculated for the more violent attacks of disease, and such as have become settled ; but those of a less violent nature must be treated according to circum- stances. In the first stages of a disease it may be most generally thrown off by a dose of the emetic herb, '"•iih No. 2, to raise a free perspiration, followed by a tea of No. 3, to remove the can- ker, and the bitters or a tea of poplar bark to regulate the diges- ture. For a sudlen cold take a dose of the composition powder on going to bed, and put a hot stone wrapped in wet cloths, at the feet, which will in most cases remove the complaint ; but if these applications do not answer the purpose, the patient should be carried through a regular course as soon as possible. Steam- ing is safe and will always do good, and the injections must not be neglected, particularly where the bowels are disordered. In consumption, and all old lingering complaints, give the com- position powder for two or three days before going through a re- gular course. No. 4. BITTERS. Take the Bitter Herb, or Balmony, Barberry and Poplar bark, equal parts, pulverized, one ounce of the powder to a pint of hot water and half a pint of spirit. For a dose take half a wine glass full. For hot bitters add a teaspoonful of No. 2. This preparation is calculated to correct the bile and create an appetite by restoring the digestive powers, and may be freely Uocti uiiiii US a rcsiuiuiivc aiiu iv prv;vv;ni uisease. When the above articles cannot be had, either of those that do MEDICAL ESSAY. have been before described under No. 4, wbich are all good for the same purpose, may be used as a substitute. No. 5. — SYRUP. Take Poplar bark and bark of the root of Bayberry, one pound each, and boil them in two gallons of water, strain off and add seven pounds of good sugar ; then scald and skim it, and add half a pound of Peachmeais, or the same quantity of Oljerry- stone meats, pounded fine. "When cool add a gallon of good Brandy ; and keep it in bottles for use. Take half a wine glass full two or three times a day, Any other quantity may be prepared by observing the same proportion of the different articles. This syrup is very good to strengthen the stomach and bow- els, and to restore weak patients ; and is particularly useful in the dysentery, which leaves the stomach and bowels in a sore state. In a relax or the first stages of the dysentery, by using a tea of No. 3 freely, and giving this syrup, it will generally cure itt and will also prevent those exposed from taking the disease. No. 6. — RdEUMATrc DROPS. Take one gallon of good fourth proof Brandy, or any kind of high wines, one pound of gum Myrrh poundet' fine, one ounce of No. 2, and put them into a stone jug and boil it a few min- utes in a kettle of water, leaving the j"g unstopped. When set- tled bottle it up for use. It may be prepared without boiling, by letting it stand in the jug for five or six days, shaking it well every day, when it will be fit for use. These drops are to remove pain and prevent mortification, to he taken, or applied externally, or to be put into the injections. One or two teaspoonfuls of these drops may be given alone, or the samp quantify may be put into a dose of either of the medi- cines before mentioned ; and may be also used to bathe with in all cases of external swellings or pains. It is an excellent rem- edy for rheumatism, by taking a dose and bathing the parts af- fected with it. In the head-ache by taking a swallow, and bathing the head, and snufl^ng a little up the nose, it will re- move the pain. It is good for bruises, sprains, swelled joints, and old sores ; as it will allay the inflamation, bring down swelling, ease pain, and produce a tendency to heal — in fact there is hardly a complaint, in which this useful medieine can- not be used to advantage. It is the best preservative against mortification of any thing I have ever found. I i li .'r MEDICAL ESSAY. 31 For baililng, m rheumatism, itch, or other humours, or in any swelling or external pain, add one (juarter part of spirits of tur- pentine and for sprains and bruises, a little gum camphor may be added. COMPOSITION OR VEGETABLE POWDERS. Take two pounds of the Bayberry root bark, or red Willow bark, one poutid of the inner bark of Hemlock, one pound of Ginger, two ounces of Cayenne, two ounces of Cloves, all pounded fine, sifted through a t^ne sieve, and well mixed togeth- er. For a dose take a teaspoonful of ihis powder, with an equal quantity of sugar, and put to it half a tea-cupful t)f boiling water; to be taken as soon as sufficiently cool, the paiient being in bed, or by the Hre covered witli a blanket. This composition is calculated for the first stages and in less violent attacks of disease. It is a medicine of much value, and may be safely used in all comolaints of iriale or female, and for children. It is good for relax, dysentery, pain in the stomach and bowels, and to remove all obstructions caused by cold, or loss of inward heat ; by taking a dose on going to bed nnd put- ing a hot stone to the feet, wrapped in wet cloths, it will cure a bad cold, and will generally throw olF a disease in its first stages, if repeated two or three limes. If the syitiptoms are violent, v/iih much pain, add to each dose a teasjmonful of No. 6, and half a teaspoonful of No. 1; and in nervous symptoms add half a teaspoonful of nerve powder ; at the same time give an injection of the same. If these should not answer the pur[)ose, the patient must be carried through a regular course of the medicine, as has been before described. COUGH POWDERS. Take four teaspoonfuls of Skunk Cabbage, two of Hoar- hound, one of Wake-n.bin, one of No. 1, one of No. 2, one of Baberry bark, one of Bitter root, and one of J'^erve Powder, all made fine and well mixed together, When taken to be mixed with molasses. Take half p teaspoonful of the powder on going to bed ; keep warm, and continue taking it till relief is ob- tained, particularly on going to bed. Where the cough has been of long standing, it will be best while taking this prescription, to go through a regular course of the riiediciije, and repeat it if ijcicessary. I 23 MEDICAL ESSAY. CANCER PLASTER. Take the heads of red clover and fill a brass ketlle, and boil them in water for one hour ; then take them out and fill the ket- tle again with fresh ones and boil them as before in the same liquor. Strain it otVand press the heads to get out all the juice; then simmer it over a slow fire till it is about the consistency oi" tar, when it will be fit for use- Be careful not to let it burn. When used it should be spread on a piece of bladder, split and made soft. It is good to cure cancers, sore lips, and all old sees. SALVE. Take one pound of Bees-wax, oneuu. of salt Butter, one and a half do- of Turpentine, twelve ounces of Balsam fir: mej: and simmer them together; then strain itoti'inio a basin, and keep it for u-^fi. It may be used to heal fresh wounds, burns, scalds and all oau sores, after the inflamation is allayed, and the wound cleansed. STRENGTHENING PLASTER. Tt'ie Burdock leaves and Mullen leaves, bruise them and put them in a kettle, wiih a sufficient quantity of water, and boil then, well ; then strain off the lifjuor, press or squeeze the loaves, and boil it down till about half as thick as molasses; then add three parts of Rosin and one of Turpentine, and sim- mer well together, until the water is evaporated ; then pour it off into cold water and work it with the hards like shoemaker's wax, if too hard put in more turpentine, when it will be fit for use. It should be spread on soft leather and applie.l to the part affecied ; and it is good to strengthen weakness in he back and other parts of the body. VOLATILE ?ALTS. Take crude Sal Afnoniav. one ounce, Pearlash two ounces, and pound each by itself, mix them well together, and keep it close stopped in a bottle for use. By damping it with spirit or essence will increase the strength. This applied to the nose is good for faintness and to remove pain in the head ; and is much better than '.vhat is generally sold by the apothecaries. NERVE OINTiMENT. Take the bark of the root of Bitter-sweet two parts; of Wo» in II MEDICAL ESSAY. 91 wood and CIsamorrile, each equal, one part, wlien green, or if dry moisten it with hot water ; which put into horse or porpoino oil, or any kind of ttoft animal oil, and simmer them over a alow lire for twelve hours ; then strain it off, and add one ounce of spirits of Turpentine to each pound of ointment. To be used for a bruise, sprain, calice, swelling or for corns. POULTICE. Make a itronn; tea of Raspberry leaves, or of No. 3 ; take a cracker poundeti fine and slippery Elm bark pulverized, with GinfTcr, and make a poultice of the same. This is good for old sores, whitlows, felons, and for bad burns, scalds, and parts frozen. Apply this poultice and renew it at leas* as often as every twelve or twenty-four hours, and wash with soap siids at every renewal ; wetting ii in the interim with cold water, or a tea of Raspberry leaves, till it discharges ; then apply »he salve till a cure is effected. 01 WOiin INJECTIONS OR CLYSTERS. This manner of administering mediciiie is of the greatest im- portance to the sick \ it will frequently ^Ivo relief when all other applications fail. It is supj)0S3d that the use of them is ofgreii aiiiirpiity ; whether this be true or not, the using them to relieve the sick, was certainly a very valuable discovery ; and no doubt thousands of liv^s have been saved by it. The doctors have long been in the practice of directing injections to bs given to their patients, but they seem to have no other object in adminis- tering them, than to cause a movement in the bowels ; there- fore it was immaterial what they were made of. According to the plan which 1 have adopted, there are cer- tain important objects aimed at in the administration of medi- cine to remove disease, viz. to raise the internal heat, pro.note pers|)iration, remove the canker, guard against moriification, and restore the digestion. To accomplish these objects the medicirio necessary to remove the complaint, must be applied to that part where Jhe disease is seated; if in the stomach only, uy taking the medi 'ne it may i)e resnoved ; but if in the bov/els, the same compou . lust be administered by injection. What- ever is good to cure disease when taken into the stumach is likewise good for the saiiie purpose if given by injection, as the grand ooject is to warm the bowels, and remove the cank'jr. In all cases of dysentery, cholic, piles, and other complaints wher« i;ic uijwcio u£c uauiy aixc^icu, iujccuuns SiiUUiU iiuvcr uv Ul3- pensed with. They are perfectly safe in all cases, and better Si MEDICAL ESSAY. u that they be used ten times when not needed, than once ne- glected when they are. In many violent cases, particularly where there is danger of mortification, patients may be relieved by administering medicine in this way, when there would be no chance in any other. I do, therefore, most seriously advise that these considerations be always borne in mind ; and that this important way of giving relief, be never neglected, where there is any chance for it to do good. In many complairits peculiar to females they are of the greatest importance in giving relief, when properly attended to ; for which some verbal instructions will be necessary, which will readily be given to all those who purchase the right. The common preparation for an Injection or Clyster, is to take a tea cupful of a strong tea made of 'No. 3, strain it otT when hot, and add half a teaspoonful of No. 2, and a teaspoon- ful of No. 6; when cool enough to give, add half a teaspoonful of No. 1, and the same quantity of nerve powder. Let it be given with a large syringe made for that purpose, or where this cannot be had, a bladder and pipe may be used. They must be repeated asoccassion may require till relief is obtained. Many other articles may be used to advantage in the injec- tions; a tea of witch-hazle and red-raspberry leaves, either or both together, are very good in many cases. For canker a tea of either the articles described under the head of No. 3, will answer a good purpose. When the canker is removed the boweh wiU be left sore, in which case, give injections of witch- hazle or raspberry leaves tea, with slippery -elm bark. When injections are used to move the bowels only. No. 1, should be left out. It is always safe to add the nerve powder, and if there is nervous symptoms it must never be omitted. STOCK OF MEDICINES FOR A FAMILY. 1 oz. of the Emetic Herb, 2 oz. of Cayenne, I lb. of Bay berry root bark in powder, 1 lb. of Poplar bark, 1 lb. of Ginger. 1 pint of the Rheumatic Drops. This stock will be sufficient for a family for one year, and with such articles as they can easily procure themselves when wanted, will enable them to cure any di.sease, which a family of common size may be afflicted with during that time. The expense wii De aujan, anu u.-u-v-n ucnui Uiui^ lU v:ii|-.-v-j « „...,.»,. and have his extravagant bill to pay. ; tl n once ne- )articularly be relieved /oulcl be no advise that id that this vhere there ts peculiar ving relief, instructions those who yster, is to train it otT a teaspoon- teaspoonful Let it be where this ev must be ed. _ • n the injec- 5, either or anker a tea Slo. 3, will moved the IS of witoh- :k. When should be and if there MILY. e year, and elves when 3h a family ime. The CiXT a Anninr GENERAL DIRECTIONS, IN OURINQ OR PREVENTrNQ DISEASE. BE carefal always to keep the determining powers to the surfac, by keeping the inward heat above the outward* or the fountain above the stream, and all will be safe. 2. It must be recnllected that heat is life and cold death; that fever is a friend and cold an enemy ; it is therefore necessary to aid the friend and oppose the enemy in order to restore health. 3. That the construction and organization of the human frame, is in all men essentially the same, being formed of the four elements. Earth and water constitute the solids of the body, which is made active by fire and air. Heat in a peculiar man- ner gives life and motion to the whole, and when entirely over- powered from whatever cause by the other elements, death en- sues. 4. All disorders are caused by obstructed perspirations, which may be produced by a great variety of means ; that medicine, therefore, must be administered that is best calculated to remove obsjtruCiion and promote perspiration. 5. The tood taken into the stomach and being well digested, Qourishes the system and keeps up that heat on which life de- pends; but by constantly taking food into the stomach which is sometimes not suitable for nourishment, it becomes foul, so that the food is not well digested ; this causes the body to loose its heatj and disease follows. 6» Canker is caused by cold, and there is always more or less of it in all cases of disease ; continue to make use of such arti- cles as are calculated to remove it, as long as there is any ap- pearance ctf disorder. 7. When the disease is removed, make free use of those things that are good to restore the digestive powers, not forget- ti^ to keep up the inward heat by giving oocassionally No< 2. 8. Keep always in mind tJiat an ounce of preventive is better than a pound of cure, and give medicine on the first appearance of disorder, before it becomes seated ; for it may be then easily ihtowu off^ siuu ujuuunlvkuetw «uu «}6pt«itK; pr^vemeil. 26 MEDICAL ESSAY. 9. In case of a fever increase ihe internal heal by giving hot medicine so as to overpower the cold, when the natural heat will return inwardly, and the cold will pervade the whole sur- face of the body as the heat had done before ; this is what is called I he turn of 'he fever. 10. W No. 1 sli(juld sicken and not puke, there may be two causes for it, viz : the coldness or acidity of the stomach ; for the first give No. 2 more freely, and for the latter dissolve a piece of pearl-ash about the size of a large pea in a wine glass of water and let them take it, which will counteract the acidity. If this fails make use of the steam, which will open the pores, extract the cold, and set the medicine into operation. 11. In giving medicine to children, give about one half, a little more or less according to their age, of the quaniiiy directed for a grown person. Be particular to ofler ihem drink often, especially young children who cannot ask for it. 12. Dysentery is caused by canker on the bowels, for which make ^Tee use of the tea of No. 3, wiih No, 2. and give the same by injeciion. in the first of ;he disease, and afterwards give the syrup (No. 5,) to strengthen the stomach and bowels, and re- store the digestive powers. 13. The piles is canker below the reach of medicine given in the usual way, and must be cured by using a wash of No. 3, made strong, and by giving injections of the same, with No. 2. What is called bearing down pains in women, is Irom the same cause, and must be relieved by injections made of witch-hazle or red raspberry leaf tea, steeped strong, with No. 2, strained. If this does not give relief, go through a regular course of medi- cine. 14. Women in a state of pregnancy, ought to be carried through 1 regular course of the medicine, especially when near the time of delivery. When in travail, give raspberry leaf tea, with a teaspoonful of the composition poA'ders, or No. 2, and keep them in a perspiration. After delivery keep up the internal heat, by giving the composition powder, or No. 2. This will prevent cold and after pains; if there should be symptoms of fever, carry them through a regular course of the nieoicine, which will guard against all alarming complaints, peculiar in such cases. 15. In all cases of a burn, scald, or being frozen, wrap up the part in cloths wet with cold water, often welting them with the same, lo prevent their becoming dry, and be careful to give hot medicine, such as No. 2, or the composition powders, to keep up the inward heal. Pursue this plan for twelve hours ; and theOt if the skin is otf, apply the pouUice or salve, ll there shouUi be MEDICAL ESSAY. 27 s, extract convulsions, or fever, a regular course of the medicine must wiihont fail be attended to. 16. When a scald i.s over the whole or greatest part of the body, apply cotton cloth of several thicknesses to the whole body, wet with a tea of raspberry leaves, thoroughly wetting it with the same to prevent it from becoming dry, and give the hot medicine. When the scald is under the slocking or any other tight garment, let it remain on, ad