IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 150 Ik 12^ 140 1.25 IIIU 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 150mm ol / >> "^ y /1PPLIED A IIVMGE . He .^B 1653 East Main Street ^S%; Rochester. NY 14609 USA .^= 1= Phone: 716/4820300 .^^.^=. Fax: 716/288-5989 & 1993. Applied Image. Inc . All Rights Reserved "A^ ^\^ ^ A * (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire filrn^ fut reproduit grAce A la g6n6rosit6 de: BibliothAque na . tale du Canada Las images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la netteti de l'exemplaire film*, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimis sont filmis en commen^ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniire page qui comporte une emprelnte d'impression ou d'iEiustration, soit par ie second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film^s ei: commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte (J'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par ia derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniire image do cheque microfiche, salon le cas: le symbole -h^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmds A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en jn seul clichd, il est film* A partir de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. i 1 2 3 22X 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE ELECTRIC UGHT VPON THE SYSTEMS KNOWN AS SIttiiE. WESTON, MMIM, NICHOLS, ETC. CANADIAN ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, Wo. 17 PLACE D'AMBS, Montrtal. and'L'Zsf c^om^Ye^^^ ^\e latest extern even to discoveLi ^hir Lj^h^ mS^"'i°''y,"»'^»» lh»n .leam. Tliaiilt.' o the n«w malhT.^il'l'' •■«',««"I«ted vibration ; and if this drum lSm«Ai t" ^-fP^^^ * ""a"®' of whole year. U will prS de^rtifv^^M^^^ during the without the least interruotion iSn inilL "/**® J^^^ ^0"nd production of the mSrcu^ren WiJh ' w".i^'° '^' cause, is inexhaustible and uSited To Jaf .k"" *^'* Z^^'Y ^t&i^ «h?'i* required VaSe-powef' '*'' ™^'^^'°« 18 capable of producing curXs^f th« i LT^^^'^^^'^^'ch fact, so intense i. the ?urS p oduced f Y one of^S ' '" chines above, when driven by I stam-en Jine n? fl 5®*J '^^' fleld of InduslrnSw the S^^^^ '"^^i into the f^riONAL LIBUARY [>»» CANADA [»nttJDTOfeQt;^ NATIONALE motive power from this machioe with the same facility ai he- drawi light or power from his furnace. Nor is this apparatus- hahle to work capriciously, because it is simplicity itself. The two bearings supporting the shaft of the revolving drum are the only friction points : this gives an absolute assuran- ce of the stability of the current. It is not inteodied to give in these notes a full account of the various industrial uses to which this machine may be put ; wo would call attention however to the vast interests in- volved in the utilization of our natural water-powers. The transmission of hydraulic poweii by means of electricity is a problem which has received a full solution. In causing a drum or bobin the revolve between two magnets, as explain- ed above, an electric current is produced : but if a current is sent from another place to a m&chine which is at rest, the drum or bobin of this machine will immediately begin to re- volve with a force proporlioqed to the intensity of the cur- rent. Now, if, to the shaft, or axle, of this bobin a pulley be attached, on which a belt may be adjusted, this pulley will answer all the purposes of a main shaft, or drum, revolving by steam power, by communicating the motion to the ma- chinery of the work-shop. A motive-power may be obtained from one of these machines alone, of from one to twenty-flve horses ; and this power will be as constant, as powerful, and as useful as steam-power itself. The importance of this transformation of electricity into motive-power is very apparent as regards great centres. Ima- gine a water-power of any kind at a few miles' distance from a sity ; it is possible, by means of a simple wire, to transmit from an electrical engine-room, situated at the water-power to £ thousand work-shops in the city all the motive-power which they may require. The loss of power which occurs in such transmission has even been ascertained. It is found that if a machine receives an impulsion equal to fifty horse-power, at the starting point, only a power of twenty-five horses will be transmitted to the point of delive- ry ; thus, if the water-power be oi 40,000 horses, a motive- power of 30,000 horses may be distributed over a few copper wires to all parts of the city, according to the requirements of each consumer. Engines and boilers are dispensed with ■ and neither coal nor water is required to make steam ; no engine-driver nor toker is wanted ; no extra insurance against fire ; no costly moving into the premises and fitting up; no waste of valuable space. An apparatus two feet square, and weighing three hundred pounds or less, placed in a corner of the factory, in a cellar, or in a garret, will answer to eve- ry requirement of a motive-power ; and after deducting the general expense of a dam. and the first outlay, this motive- power of 20.000 horses will cost no more than the millions of gallons 01 water which run and are lost in the river. As to the electric light, the problem has been solved quite tails, we shall offer an explanation xtfyj^isKP^Wlems alrea- dy m existence, j- "•'...*.: .. ,»«. ^ „ — 3 — THE ELECTRIC LIGHT. All the different kinds of apparatus bv elecirir *.nor^« i- s?.ri!r '""" ""^ ^ ''"""" i".o"u TeSj J'!i US? Y°^^ic arc, or great light. terijJoThoises "'*''''"' °' ^'''^'^ ^'«'*'' ^^^ ">« '" 'he in- f«™?'* i?®K®™^ clasification nevertheless admits of some iv. terns which may properly be classed between the VoSaV^" and the incandescent light, as ihey are related io e^ch of THE VOLTAIC ARC The Voltaic apparatus to produce namely : « JVh- ?''**^"** P'**^®^ *"* prolongation one of the other • these are the /amps or regulators. ' ®*® Cfl«d/«.^*''^°"* ^^^''** '"*"''''' *^ «*^*» <>'*»" ; these are the The*iJ;™«"n? ««'^«^/ockoirf are not much in fashion, mni TT®'^ r«^ua//«»ri8 given to all systems emolovinff more or less complicated mechanism to keen thT\>»;K5* pomu, apart at the/r normal di.laSci f?om each Sther A d?s" tmclion might be drawn between regulators fed by continnof, ?rir^fa1?vLie^ ''^ ^X '*"«.™*"*« curremsfthis, hiwe' 7n V- ^ uVTf^y.** secondary feature, and it is Letter to look to the light Itself to establish subdivisions An imnnrf««» Th^S??' . lJ«*»t8/?d by one machine on the same S«) - The following are distinguished, namely : '* with «iSl? T T"*^'^'*'^ regulators, that is to say, those whi^ch admit of only one apparatus being placed on the chJ (b.) Pofyphotie regulators, or, as they are often callerf ?*''*?'"•« ™8^1afor niay be usei as a monoKi^S hTt\!iJ P'*^'""*^ one light on a circuit of approprWpoX teir*' a monophotic regulator cannot be Ssed reciprSv' htlM?'^^**® ^'^l'*'^ *''<' '» ^8* adapted for exterior il- cat with those of the sun. A solar ray, fallinir unon a ffiven ff'anX?^?' ***^'^'* ^»°d^«»«' the*^dXSceo?onS foot an efectno lamp emits precisely one half of this light • and It IS a singular fact that the electricians of Eurone Sav« te^±i]^ '^"'"^^ *^g^' ""'^^ »^« greatest aiSefst^^ri^S; te vegetation dunng the night. Th J celebrated Dr. Siemens a member of the firm of that namA wh « man«ft;;., * »n "l» TranMtianlic cables and by whom an elwtric roiiwaV hw SfnSftVr ?* ""*' ?«^"°' »»»» demonstilSSd tKJt^hi; planu and fruit exposed to the action of electric light conS — 4 — nuously during the night arrive at matiirity sooner. The electric light has the same effect as the sun in promoting the decomposition of carbonic acid in vegetables and in arrest- ing the injurious effect on plants of radiation from the earth during the night. THE INCANDESCENT LIGHT. The incandescent light, invented quite recently, is of far greater importance than the light of the Voltaic arc, and is destined to play an important part in the interior illumination of houses. From the moment that it is found possible to divide the electric current at will the matter no longer offers any great difficulty. The leading inventors of this system, Max I ni and Edison, have kept lights constantly burning at New York for six months past which have not failed one minute during all that lime. The light has been tried at Montreal, particularly at the St. Lawrence Hall with the same satisfactory results. This system of illumination is very simple. Electricity, as every body knows, follows a conducting wire : if the currents meets on the way a body less ' "iiniudating than the copper wire, a struggle imme- diatf ■ ■, ensues. If this body is not a conductor of electricity at all, the current is beaten and its career is ended ; but if this body is merely «n imperfect conductor, one through which the current can pass with some difficulty, heat results from the struggle and the obstructing body is set on fire. In the open atmosphere, the struggle would be over in the half a second, and the resisting metal or body would be melted or consumed almost immediately ; by confirming the warring elements within a hermatically sealed glass globe however about the size of a pear, and from which the air has been extracted, the inconvenience that would result from the destruction of the resisting body is avoided. The resisting body which the current has to encounter in the globe is a small piece of card, reduced to carbon and cut and bont in the form of an M with rounded angles. It is, of course within the globe that the struggle takes place. The piece oi card, a bad conductor of electricity, takes fire, and remains in an incandescent state as long as the current passes through It; it may be a whole night, a whole week, or during three months if the gererator is kept in motion so long, because the combustion of the card cannot take place in a vacuum. This incandescence produces a soft, golden light, exactly similar to a gas jet ; it is neither stronger nor weaker than gas, but it possesses three advantages over gas. Ist. It is perfectly steady digering in this respect from gas which flickers continually. 2rid. As it bums in a vacuum^ it does not consume, like gas the oxygen we breathe, nor does it give off caibonic acid TkaiiCii IS injurious to silver-ware, gilding and oil paintings. . -v. J. heat the atmosphere. 3rd. Lastly it cannot set lire to the premises, nor cause suffocation hf?r.ingf. if fK- globe should' break, the light would be cxtmguished instanUy on the first fissure appearing in the glass. This system is — 5 — nJl.'l'iHTw'"* perfeclly; ingeniously conslrucled apparatus provided for everything, and the lights may Iw diSu 1? U^roughpul the house in the, same manner a^s gas ligh s and may be lighted and extinguished at pleasure Whin a hun n ne w'ilho.r.h'prS'"^' '' '' ^''''T '^ extinguish nine"?: trTnsii^ P^^? i .?f.^^,^ increasing the current thai is being ransmilted to the only remaining light ; and all the lichts in ?.r«^hv'^' °'.°".'y * P°''"°" °f Ihem, may be 1 gS at plea sure by simplv turning a key in one place. ^ ^ ®* But, It ^vill be asked. What about the cost f Thn fnlln«,in« ejeciricity is supplied by water-power, the cost is almrt«» Ji river that 8 being changed into light, which may he Went no'^^FJ-'f • ^"^' d^y^vilhout making ai ly one%oorer Js no material is consumed. If steam-pSwer is reauired the estimate may be based on the fact that one horse^of sleam Ta'^iiVVh ^Tertf^^''•'"'^ ^'^^''- Witha'8t;am-e^'g1™ naving tne recents improvements two pounds of coal n«p hour are consumed for each horse-power, or Jof a Sounifnf SwHn^ T^ ''g^'• ^ ''«^' "^^P' burning « X hSurse?ery day aC"t^2 tn'L'toff'*A^*"-'?'^'"^^ ''' pounds of c7ai:?r wil^\nth^:"sa''mr"lVt?m^|^ produce vyhich 2,6& pound s^fcoaJwUl be'necelsa y o^fe'to? of coal being used in the manufacture of lo"So fSf gaT INCANDESCENCE num^'roXs'Znlnl'i'!;'"""^" ^^ incandescence are far less 1,1^! ^K • , -n^ dependent upon the Voltaic arc • conse- quenily their classincation is not so complex. The in'candeT cent systems are divided into two classes, namely : ist Incande*ent larups xvith combustion. Znd Lamps purely incandescent. .J,Ji k'*^!u**^ incandescent lamps with combustion is reore- sented by the apparatus invnnted by Reynier, Weiderman fNapoh patentee), Joel and Tommasl. All thesrLmnfa^^^ constructed with a carbon noinl restfng ifghtly Tpon T^lock lact. 1 his system 18 not of much value. * rhepurc/j/ifwanrf«wn/ lamp is represented by four differ. ln?ff«"!^ '^^'°^ ?^''°"' ^'axinf, Swan, and Larte Fox All these lamps are of incandescent carbon. The nature of the current is almost a matter of indifferen ce m the case of incandescent lamps: they oUrate with either a continuous or an alternating ?ur'rent iTandescen^ lamps with combustion require a laTge ^S of SenTand are worked with tensinn • wh.in r..,J\„ :„" i'-__"'^.®r ^"^ require a small volume and a7e\iorkeS geSK m"h""/n- SCIENTIFIC OPINIONS. We8ton11.etk!n7r!?i??K"P^^^ '^'^"^^ of Maxi'" «nd Kicaf science : ' ^'^^''' '"'^^""^^ '" ™«""« ^^ — 7 — THE MAXIM LIGHT A8PaODUC>D BY THI UMITKD STATB8 BLtCTRIC LIOHTINO COMPANY Proii (he New York Graphic May 5th 1881 The rapid advance made in the application of the electric lorce to the uiesof common life is one of the marvels of fhe age. Inffenious inventors and keen-wilted discoverers in all parts of the civilized world have bent their eneraies to the task of wresting from. Nature the secrets she has held. Re- peated experiment, repealed failure and final success mark the progress of the investigation Rivalries have but stimula- ted mvention ; one scientist has trodden close upon another's heels, one company of capitalists has gono a step further that lis competitor in developing newly-found resources, and the general public is the gainer by all that has been pro- # 100. . ,™ ^^® Atlantic Gable of 1858 to the electric light or 1881 IS a long stretch, representing incessant labor, high ambitions, manifold applications of scientific skill, wonder- ful displays of profound learning. What the next quarter of a century will produce may reasonably be inferred from what has already been accomplished. Readers of current literature are aware, not only of the progress of discovery in reference to the application of the eleclrict li^ht to pratical uses, but are cognizant of the res- ijeclive claims put forth by rival inventors, some of whom have promised, honesty enough, but mistakenly, to do more . than they could perform, being, so to speak, the victims of •circumstj^nces beyond their control. Others, achieving partial success, have won reputation and profit. From time to time our newspaper and magazines have described the newest efforts, and the appetite to the public has been whetted accordingly but has never until now been wholly satisfied, and for a v„cy sufficient reason. For. althouffh great stores and wa : ouse have been brillantly lighted ud by the eleclry light, ucreels illuminated and steamships equi- ped with machine whose rays can pierce dense fogs, two problems have been left unsolved until now. One of these problems was the discovery of the best method of controlinir and regulating— the night, the other was the question of cost— a consideration to householders, especially, who suffer under the exactions and impositions of the gas companies. «oth of these problems are now satisfactorily solved The Maxim light, which is illustrated in this issue of Thb URAPHio, IS fouud. by a long series of severe practical tests to contaiD several invaluable qualities not possessed by any other electric hgt in existence. It is produced at a cost much less than that of gas, and gives more th.nn ttvir« tha u^k. J?M '^K* {"'n^hes ; i: create? no appreciable heat : it is adjus table by the ordinary gas stop cock; its cdrbon burner, iV tead of wearing out speedily, repairs itself and lasts for many raon hs, ^and Its fiame is pure and steady. Thb United Slated Electric Lighting Company, of which Ml- Charles R. Flint is ' — 8 — SK^^i5*i'°"*"**"\8 elecinciau. of ihe company, am"? ?^^ Sfiu^7 T* "'V^? profeMor Morton, ProfetJ; Bark?? Sf.fj^'iJ^^lph'a ; i>feMor Moi-e. G. Farmer, ofihe UniiVi Thecompany own. altogether about one hundred wtim. and buiiiies. i» flowing in upon it in a steady •u7am^,W Bilat.ng the erection ofa new factory, wich i. new in oroM" of construction on Avenue Band Seventeenth .tree" ^ OUR ILLUSTRATIONS : show two interior, illuminalod by this light One of thf» v.ew. repre^enu Ihe elegant drug store of Calwell Hazard ik Sf.' H"^«': the Fifth Avenue.Hoiel, a. viewed from ouf.We Wv"cff h', T?-T\ '"••r«^'"'^"' «"•* 'he eTem^ bril! galerv of the Unicn League Club on Fifth avenue imn, jvhicli .hese light, were introduced la.t week, wilh .iniular ^XklilZ^^e^^ representation of the lamj Te^d^t « J^®i?^.'^"''"r •'*^^'''"'a8«8 of Ihe United Slato. electric lijrht are : (I) its pnrfect sleadine.. ; (2) its bnlliancy-each lamn giving a light of twenty.four candle power. (3) its JheaS as compared either with gas or other electric l\aht*-?Ixut adaptab lily for household^nd private7.e and^S lU 'ab sent of hear. The company ha. not sought Aewspa'pir publi-" f. /n'ifh'^"'?"? '"^ P^-''^"^^ '^« P'-o*'^" «"^ to makeX light i furn she. satisfactory to its customers by constant imn^ove ment and watctifulness ; but now, satisfied that the Ts?red resiilt has been attained, it challenges the aitenti^n of [he public, and defines its future purpose* in Ihe following statement by Us President, Mr. Vlinl, which we copy from the Evening Fost of Saturday last. ^^ flol'^'f* ^T''"^' ^«° ?"« ^'oughl the six story building at Seventeenth street and Avenue B, and immediately ordf red an immense quantity of machinery. Owing to the reWvalof ™rers'for"th^ all machinists have been far b/hi^^Sd^'theh' oraers for the last year, and we are only now a^ttintr -JhL^ we ordered. The toiler and some o IheTn|rnes Ir^^S besides the shafting and belting throng houf "he who?e S1\T J" '^^ r^^' w« "P«<^t to have 5ur machinery in lampVirmroi""""' "^^" *' "^'^ ^"^"'"^ -^ ^S": " At presem we have three factories actively at wnrir supplying such material as we need in order loe^xtJnd Sir business at a slow rate~say of a building a day In twenty' fifth street we have a small shop, in Twenty-Jcventh atrili distncs. We are already lighting from it several shons rfrnnH*" ^^'^ft ^'"« «'«'-«^^« ^^'•d rooms of the Un°Sa Club and some of the apartments in the Cumberland buildi ig^ — 9 — at Twenly-iecond street and Broadway. The Union Club membera are to well pleased with the light in their card rooms that we expect to put electric lights all over the . IL f?*! , ^^'"^"WPott spok« of the succoss of the lights at the Union League Club reception ; not an hour's trial was necessary to demonstrate their superiority to gas. In tho same way we use a part of the basement of the Equitable inulding as a nriiniaturo nUtion in ord^r to furnish light to the fcquitwblu building and such office^ in the neighborhood ighled the Post-olllce at one-lhird of the cost of gas, ar.u for l„ J"* ".i months parts of the Equitable building, tho banking offices of Fisk & Hatfh. Hatch k Gooto, an3 two banks have been lighted up by our lamps. Last week wo put the light into the new vauli of the Stock Exchance : to- X'«nf w T "u '/T ^,''.'^!>*VK'! •'» »«aver street and the offices of W. T. Hatch will bo lighted with them ; on Saf . day the ofBces of Phelps k Stokes and W. R GrAco will be added to the list. But the real beginning will Iw made when we get our Seventeenth street building going and organize a down-town station. o o o o " At first we do not intend to charge less for our light than the pric^ of gas. The corapelilion will cauae tho gas com- panics to lower their prices, and then we shall follow them down, and etui by making prices lower than they can manutactx^re ^'" V AAA y ^^"'" * y*^^*" ^'^' w^'^ not be worth more than ft Eer 1,000 feet; our standing offer to every householder will e to give electric light at the 5, mo price as he has been paying for gas. As the light is pleasanter, steadier, healthier and safer than gas, and there being absolutely no danger from fire, we expect the public to take our light in pref rence to gas at the same or even a slightly lower pricp. in three months we expect to be able to make that offer to every person needing light. Each house or offlco will be supplied with a certain number of extra lamps, so that if one of tliose I" "kP ?u^®' °"f *"®^, <*"® ^^^ ^6 P"^ on with no more trouble than replacing the chimney of an oil lamp. We find that the incandescent lamp will be used entirely in tho interior of buildings, the are light being too strong and too unsteady : it gives an immense quantity of !ipht, and is iust suited to the street, but quality is what is wanted for houses." Ihe light of the future seems at last Co have been secured, after much travail and tribulation. The success which has attended the efforts of the skUful electricians and the enter- prising capitalists whose services have for a long time been unremittingly butquietly devoted to the interestof the United btatesLompany, proves beyond question that the desideratum or getting a nrimaat electric li^nt ni " •^ri-s 1^== iV..--. :k-: r gas, and hatter adapted for household^use than''ga8,*'has"bee°n v^u?. u^ u ?^ ^^* ^®8'"' w*'^ '*»« introduction of the light to which Thb Graphic to-day invites the attention of its readers, it is to be remembered, moreover, that this is no untried experiment. On the contrary, the Maxim light is in — IP — Caswell, Hazard & Co.'s drug slore, rifth Avenue Hotel ^ nimh';S.eer^"' "^ "^'^ ^'""^' ^^^'^ AvenuTand Sty- Fml^Jiw "£' m!/.'^ ^I?""® *"<^ Twenty^econdBtreet: 'iv?.; Equitable Building. No. 120 Broadway. > vt, ^ Mercantile Trust Company, No. 120 Broadway; * .^ New York Stock Exchange. • fV. New York Post Office. ' The Tnbune Building. Fisk & Hatch's banking house. ■ J-nlMu Hatch & Foote's banking h^use. uim<\ 1 he flaratirae Exchange. ' f g C^umberland Building, Broadway and Twenty-gecond THE MAXIM ELECTRIC LIGHT. From the London Times^ May 3 1 th, 1881^ Among a few system of electric lighting which ha^o oc LpT.'^fi^-^^" ^"*"^ *^^' ^"^ which\iierto l^ave notbeen seen m this country, is that of Mr. Maxitn, of the United sS tea, in which country the light is stated to be n coiisidera^^^^ use and m good repute. A successfut demonsrS of^h s system took place on Friday evening last i^ ih6 imenoe of a number of scientific gentlemen Ao asSemSlf mhe A^ bany Works, 374, Euston-road, London. It V In incandes burnKTa'm'n'^ Th™^"^'' * «^°«™^^'' * reg^to^r^and a uurner or iamp. The prime generator is a tmnW A^n^rr^ minute, in this machine a current of electricity is ffeheVa. ted, which is conducted to a sefcohd machine of s^iSlKnJ structipn, but of larger size. The current from the^flMt ml chine IS caused to circulate in the electroSagnets oftoe sei cofld. thus exciting the magnetio field of the latter. The. small machine, or exciter, is provided ^hh ariSoiis de! S?.,f°L? •^'°^'."«^'^« ^"PP7 of electricitraidSlatirtt iniX'h *' '"? °^'^«^,V> ™e«t the requirements (tfith^Sbe? of lights burning, which may be constantly Varied wiSrinf either de riment to the mac&ine or alteration in 'thTolS^r lights. This 18 called the Maxim regilatdrrandconsiXf an arrangement of electro-magnets. 'The brushes cSmw the current generated by the exciter, tigelhlr^^tLftusS holders, are made to move round tke axis 'of thS machine and are autortiatically set to anV Msition betw^i? th« S' m«m and the neutralVints. ^^"X. of tSJ^^lf.l'!^- i o«^"'L'°F, ^e*^eive a proportion of the cut^eritffof 'thb'Farffe ' and small machines respectively, one pAir opel-aMnKj?- • gulatmg movement and'theothera shunt. V™''"? TV^ i 1 he regulator is operated by means of an armature attraptert . with forces varying according to the numbe™of l^iis W^ - II — S?iL^?15 J!!® 'V^P^y orctirrent bacomes ingufflcient by SiZLSin nUoS"*^ • ™P* ^*"« lighted, the armature being atl^^nl ^^ri'^^T '^'l". \"f awracted, in the other by means ?au«ef ?hif h?„K'AM ^'*^? '" suspended from this araature cauwB the brush holders to revolve, an intermediary system of gearing being brought into play, thus supplying a gfeate? volume o! current. When the current becomel too g^reat in Srfh«nnl*-^^'£"*^""^*^f«°™^ °f the lamMrSm thS firS'» ♦S®PP^"^®.P**®?*>™®"°'* <»*5*^""- The electro-magnets iZflSV^^^'^^'V'^ P**'.*™ »o constructed and adjusted 1« nf ?i?^ ®"*y *^' "P"" their armature when a large increa- w«?.M kV""®",' P^'^Pff *^«»"8^ '^««» takes place, such as would happen if a main wire were broken, or if anv other aUrac^H^r/'^^- '"*H<^^ *!! ^^«^»»*^" arm'a^ure itsfroiglj fr.?r^?n!,J"*^ overcoming the tension of «he spring briSgJ ii fh« Sfii" *'°"**/'' r^i** * platinum point, thereby cut- J^'S i^5 ^f '^ magnets r' ^he exciting macliine out of the cir- cMent"i«*S3^J*''#K ™^^°"u°^ '^^ ^"^^«"' unlil the ac- cident IS remedied. There is thus a complete safeguard against injury to either the machine or the lamps. The1a?ie inZ,W fnH""*"P"?**'®- ^'^^y *^® ^"P'ed together, and an thfml.h •;"**». ""P*^ contrivance is provided at the top of I5nh n*/'?!,'"^ ^^ ™T« of which the currents supplied by rmmioH ifh ^®i machines can instantly be disconSected or ^?,Wa?'-^"^"^*°"iy°^ tension a5 required. This ma- tuhctZZ T.'^^^ ^^ \^?"' «0?, ^vofitions per rainu- if^hL «f ol"***^i?*' ^^'* machine will maintain 85 Maxim i'???o°^ 25 candle-power each, making an aggregate lihct of 2,t2o candles. The machine is said to be capable of givin« a single arc light or 20.000 candle power. A second nilihine and wlXv^pT«f5f *^' onejust^escribed wasals^ us^d^ »fi^ * ""^®" *' *he same speed. niiSlflnT/'^^"^ suppled the current which fed 120 lamps Se bui Idlers 'P^f'J^^,^^^ basement to the slh floor Sf li^S'DS are a^'rJnir- ^"**'"?; ^® P*?**^®' ^"'^ staircases. The iSenrt«nfnfX^ Jk """liVP^^ Circuit, each burner being « mi^n ili*^^ *^ ®'^®^ T^« current is conveyed through f«^n S •^^''^/"^u'^'!:® ^'t*^ ^»* branches, sub-branches, iS kmp Wires to the burners. All these wires are arrangedS- ^rnnll Jv^n^'^^ -f^, «*« °^*^" «"d branch pipes. The gas miings, when available, are used as a retur.Vwire: any t^!JZ!:.^^^T^'^^^''''^^''' pipes, can be us^d f" r from^rprffi; P® ^^T®^ *^°"^^«''' ^^ «' ««>bon filament made fZii^fi?^^''^' a»f having the form of a double loop. It is ?n whTch iiV.tl^^\T'''^^^^-''^^^ glass globe I bulb in wnicn, It 18 stated, thflm is .»» aimn^,^h^°^ «f^.._«i;_-' TlUltS^nlTl? *5' Jeteriowtion of the caXTfllamlnl'^By' this means a kind of renovating process is said to becons- fhf il r .-^ *^° P°^®* o^ tbe machines, and the light is. ^m ^<'^';«t'»8: a switch aWangemeuf. ' The life 5f the lamp has not yet been ascertained, but it is stated that i t wU^ — 12 — last frcm 600 to 900 hours. The lamps can be taken out of and replaced in their fittings with ease. They can be fixed WnriT." TK°* ^" P'l'"/?'' ^"® ^^^"8 *> ^^^ *' ^^^ Albany Works. The great bulk, however, were fitted in eleeant cliandehers of various types, which have been lent by fioTA?!-^®" Vi^^l ^f ^'«^ Holborn, for use during the exhibition of the Maxim system, which it is intended shall be continued to the end of June. On the ground-floor of the building some of the suspended lamps were burning in globes containing water, thus illustrating the adaptability of tne system for submarine work or exposure to wet The arrangements generally were such as to illustrate the suita- bihty of the system for use in lighting dwelling-houses, all the various details of the lamps being such as couU easily be understood and controlled. Assuming that a central station exised for the production of the current, it was shown that the lighting of a whole house could be instantly effected. In the same way the whole number of lights in a room or any portion of them can be as easily turned on or ofT. In fact nothing can exceed the simplicity and ease of the manipu' The machines were driven by a semi-flsed steam-engine of Hp^S^^Tt^S'^-'' "°.'^i"^i supplied by Messrs. Ransones, Head and Jefferies, of the Orweli'.Works, Imswich, and simi- lar to the one which has so successfully driven the electric lighting machinery on the Thames Embankment for the past twoyea-8 and a half. The demonstration look place under the auspices of Mr. N. de Kabath, and during the evenine the various advantages of the light were fully shown, and the sensibility of the governing machinery was exemplified by Mr. Lockwood* The light produced is softer and more agreable to the eyes than any we have yet seen, and it is the first demonstration we have attended without experiencing a painful contrast upon either quitting or re-entering the gas- ^^iTv*? f ^1^''- Z^®'"® ^^* ^®*^^y a great surplus of light exhibited, ihe volume being magnificent, but not intensely bright alid dazzling. Altogether the demonstration was a thorough success, and showed that the latest addition to the list of electric systems for interior illumination would nrove a worthy competitor foY honours. THE MAXIM ELECTRIC LIGHT. (Prom the London Draptr, June 10 1«3I.) .u^?,l®^®*^®,i*",^'^^''*'^0" *o ^« present on Friday week at the Albany Works, 347, Euston-road, London, to witness a series oi experiments in electric Ugthing by incandescence on Maxims system, where d number of scientific and litterary Kentlemen were assembled. The experiments are of consi- derable importance to drapers, as a clear, inexpensive litrhl of2o candle power, without heat, will be a boon indeed to — 13- ourcrowt business establishments, and the general adop- tion of oiti form or other of the electric light in our large houses has now become but a matter of time. The injury- done to delicate fabrics, too, by the smoke and vapours aris- ing from the burning of gas will make any system of electric light which is easy and simple of application doubly wel- come. This the Maxim system promises. While the public have been waiting for Mr. Edison to perfect his invention, two incandescent systems have been introduced->-the Swan and the Maxim. It is the latter which we now describe, the technical portion of the report being taken from the Timss.