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 ^M^vgi^^ .^jtvifii^i^k^ii^i^y^ ^ ^ . v"V=^"^Q''^ Hi' ^ 'ii' ■!# 
 
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 ^Mai|itoba 
 
 THE HOME FOR- 
 
 Agrieulturtists, Stock (^aiset^s, 
 
 Dairymen, 
 
 -AND ALL WHO DESIRE- 
 
 ^GOMFORT AND PROSPERITY.(<^ 
 
 I* 
 
 ISSUED IJy AUTHORITY OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. „jjj 
 
 1889. 
 BKAM ON SUN STEAM PRINT. 
 
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 :l 
 
 m 
 
 i> 
 
nn-iL(. f(z. ^3 
 
I* ^%. >I F» li I^ JE T 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE OF 
 
 ^mflHlTOBA,.|^ 
 
 SHOWING HFU Ai^TRAC-TIONS FOR 
 
 Agmcaltamsts, Stock t^aisers, 
 
 Daittymen, 
 
 n 
 
 AND ALL WHO DESIRE 
 
 COMFORTKBLE HOMES HND PROSPERITY, 
 
 
 i^^-^-i'^i^i- 
 
 I8SUED BY AUfnORITT OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT 
 
 4 '> 
 
M 
 
 as 
 
 IB 
 
3H^- ' 
 
 IVIAHITOBA. 
 
 Intefesting pacts eoUated in a Readable manner. 
 
 "VTUMEIKJUS causes liav<.' lately lieeii in <)j)erati<>ii to incline 
 -•-^ people in tlitt'erent parts of the \vorJ<l to desij-f snn"onndin<»s 
 more favorable to the earning of a living and the accumulation of 
 propeiiy. In some cases the exliaustion of tiie soil througJi years 
 of constant cultivation has rendered the pursuit of agriculture 
 almost if not quite profitless. In other cases the increase of population 
 has been so great that the soil his l)een overtaxed in providing for 
 their wants. In many othei- cases the inecpiality of resources 
 and means lias placed a very large proportion under conditions that 
 practically forbids the hope of independence, not to speak of atllu- 
 ence. Every year the nunjber of those who are compel ed or in- 
 clined to seek new homes in order to im})i'ove their owr interests 
 is on the increase. ' 
 
 IT IS THE OHJECT OF THIS l>AMI'i.l .,:T 
 
 to aftbrd accurate and reliable infoiniation to such, that they mav 
 be assisted in deciding- where they will permanently locate. 
 
 Manitoba is be^ ond all doubt the most attractive and imjiort- 
 ant part of the Canadian North-West and bids fair to realize in its 
 near future the most glowing predictions of her enthusiastic ad- 
 mirers, as she issues her invitations to the teeming population of 
 the older countries, and stands ready to welcome to hor In-oad wheat 
 areas and to her other unrivalled natuial attracticms all who desire 
 to participate in a future of assured success and jjrosperity. 
 
 " We hear the tread of nations yet to be. 
 
 The first low wash of waves where soon shall roll a sea." 
 
 After an extended tour through the country. Lord Duiferin on 
 his return renuirked : " From its geogiaphical position and its pe- 
 " culiar characteristics Manitoba may be regarded as the keystone 
 " of that mighty arch of sister Provinces which spans the conti- 
 " nent from the Atlantic to the Pacific." 
 
 Within the limits of the Province of Manitoba are comprised 
 some 123,200 scjuare miles. On the soutli it is bounded b^^ the 
 International line between Canada <md the United States ; on the 
 east, in the vicinity of the Lake of the Woods, by the Province of 
 Ontario; and on the west by the 101st parallel. 
 
Mitriitolta tlioti^h hu'^tly pniirii- in in> way leHoinbU's Dakottt, 
 and Minnesota in the dull nu^notony that eharacterizoH tluwe States, 
 There is throughout the Province a pleasing divei-sity of land and 
 water, hill and valley, lielts of timber and rolling prairie. Among 
 the more impoi-taut Lakes are Winnipeg, Manitoba, Dauphin and 
 Winnepegosis wliile many other smaller bwlies of watei* perform 
 their part in providing for the wants of the country an«l add a 
 wealth of btiautv to tlu; landscape. 
 
 The Red River, running through the Province from south to 
 north, and the A ssiniboine, from west to east, with their tributariew 
 afforde<l excellent means of transportation before the advent of rail- 
 roadB, are vet of the highest utility in draining the country and in 
 providing an excellent water suppl3^ 
 
 The Province is well watered ; surface watei-s are occassionally 
 met with that are brtickish or saline and more or less unlit for use, 
 but good water may be found almost anywhere througliout the 
 Province with very little difficulty or labor. 
 
 Rich pawturage a))Ounds on every hand. The native graswes are 
 succident and highly nutritious. It is needless to dwell upon the 
 adaptation for cattle raising of a country that was the natural home 
 of the biiftalo. Tn former years herds of buffaloes, it is said, count- 
 leas in numl>ers found an ample food supply on the fertile plains of 
 this Pi-ovince. 
 
 There is still a very considerable supply of timber and fuel in the 
 Province. There has not yet been experienced, as in many other 
 prairie countries any serious difficulty in procuring fuel. There is no 
 gix)und to anticipate trouble on this head, as the 
 
 f DISCOVERIES OF COAL DEPOSri>i 
 
 that have already been made, with the railways now promised and 
 in course of construction, solve most satisfactorily this ]>roblem that 
 has occasicmed sei'ious apprehension to some 
 
 There need be no liesitation in affirming thai nature has with a 
 lavish hand bestowed upon this Province the conditions which with 
 prudence, skill and industry, unquestionably ensure prosperity to the 
 agriculturist, and development to the country, that will be a perpetual 
 pride to the inhabitants, and in a few short years the surprise of the 
 world. To tho.se desirous of engaging in wheat growing, mixed 
 farming or horse, cattle or sheep raising, Manitoba with hei* fertile 
 soil, her ample supply of good water, her inexhaustible stores of fuel, 
 her wholesome and agreeable climate, her freedom from dangerous 
 storms, her rapidly developing system of railways, and her other in- 
 comparable natural resources, may 
 
 CHALLENGE THE WOULD TO EXHIBIT EQUAL A'lTRACTIONS. 
 
 It Ls not pretended that a man who is without knowleilge, experience 
 or adaptation, can come here and without effort or industry attain 
 succeKS. but it is unhesitatingly affirmed on the experience of hun- 
 dreds and thousands who have proved the fact, that any one with 
 
r 
 
 ordiiiRiy inteUl^tiur. the txercise of prufienco ami v''""'K"*'^*' ^o 
 work iu!t'<l not fail heiv, an* I should prove succt?ssful. 
 
 lu atteinptiu^ to point out some of the natural and other ad* 
 vaiitages possesst.'d by Manitol)a care will l»e had to keep cfetu'ly 
 within the limits of fact and experience. Much harm has been done 
 in the i>ast by exaggerating and misstating its capabilities. In the 
 case of Manitoba it is felt a plain presentation of facts is ipiito sufii' 
 cient. It is not desired to bring people here to experience disappoint- 
 ment, and what is stated in this pamphlet may be accepte<l without 
 hesitation. 
 
 A CHAPTER OF HISTORY. 
 
 The proNince of Manitoba has had a very check«!ieti career. 
 Erected into a province in 1870 under the provisions of tin Manitoba 
 Act, she acquired a political status amid insurrectionary excitement, 
 and attracted public attention principally through the " Red River 
 Rebellif)n." Tlu; sxicceeding ten years or so were comparatively ^i»- 
 eventful, during which time there was veiy little development, Irnt 
 infoj'mation was gradually reaching the outside world of the extent 
 and tictual capaldlities of the country and the wonderful future 
 promised. Then followed the l)Oom which wa.s atten<led with so 
 many regrettable results. While the ill consequences of this event 
 were being grappled witii, an agitation which Listed for years, regard- 
 ing the ilisallowance of Provincial Railway Charters. s})raug upt 
 Before these ditficulties had V>een adjusted 
 
 A SEC(JNl) RIEL REBELLION 
 
 arose on the Imnks «)f the Saskatchewan. Though thi.s trouble was 
 a long distance from Manitoba yet very many from an imperfect 
 knowledge of the country associated it with this Province, and many 
 were untloubtedlj' I'etarded from coming here on account of it. 
 Without attempting a fuller recital of events it will be seen that a 
 great many ciicumstances have transpired to retard innnigiution and 
 •expansion. It is gratifying to know that the situation now is com- 
 pletely changed. The mi.sfortunes of the " boom" have been gctior- 
 ally wiped out and forgotten. The agitation over disallowance that 
 was kept up year after year has ceased. The cause of it has been 
 removed, and the satisfaction resulting from success has taken pos- 
 . session of the people. The aVaogation of the polic}'^ of 'lisallowance 
 1ms renioved the impediments to railway building, and very marked 
 activity, to be followed «loubtless by more extended operations 
 throughout the Province, has developed. Whatever objections to com- 
 ing here to settle might have l)een urged l)y the enemies of the country 
 in times past there need })e no hesitation in affirming that Manitoba 
 to-day otters more natural advantages and solid inducements tu those 
 desiring by honest ettbrt to attain sucee.ss in life than any other 
 .country. The reader is invited to consider carefully the infcrmation 
 this pamphlet contains, nnrl U) put to the pi-oof any statements herein 
 made l>efore concluding against the advisability of himself or friend 
 .making this laud of promise his future home. 
 
Tllh (IJMATK 
 
 of Maiiitoiui is licnltliy. iiivi^'onl in^' aii<l a^nvt'uldc Many will imt- 
 hrtps *>•' iticliiu'd to (•liall<ny;i' this stiit.'iiiriit. Those who havr lu'ver 
 Imm'!) ill the I'ountry will I'- aiiion;^' tli>' most incredulous. Sonic who 
 liav"' iKt'ii (lisapi>oint<Ml in spccijiatioii will \tntuii' to narrate extni- 
 OKJiiifny results fioni the eold that came under their own personal 
 o^iw'jvation. Hostile inimi{,Mation a;>('iits will descrihe thecoinitry an 
 ft rrozen region oMuhospitality, while most who have iu'\er I'xperi- 
 enccd 40 <lr 50 dejjfrees helow zero will he unahle to imagine that n eiy 
 little iiicon\(nienc(> may l»e experienced in a country where such 
 tht'i iiiometrical indications are I'e^istered, Now in deciding;' this 
 iiiatt'c. those who have not had the oi)iiortunity «»f ohservin^- and 
 te.st,iiij4' this matter tor themselves should accord fair consideration 
 an<i propel- \alue to the actual ex))ei'i»'nce of reliable witnesses who 
 know w hereof they affirm. No one [uctends to say that it is not 
 cold iiei-e in wintei-. But it is distinctly a tfinned that owin^^ to the 
 luiturjil c<»nditions that exist here the low temi)eratin"»' that sometimes 
 prevails does not prfxluce the uupK'asant eliects that ar»' experience<l 
 at a higher tem[)ej'ature in a nK)re humid atmosphere. A thermom- 
 eter <ioes not indicate the agreeahleness oi' otherwise of the climate, 
 p,nd eA]terience has alamdautly estahlished the fact that it is no ci'i- 
 t/iiiion whatever from which it may he inferred Mhether or not the 
 temperatujv as indicated is pleasant <)]• the i-e\eise. However it is 
 insisted that one who has not actually, lived in this climate or in one 
 simdaj- to it is not competent to form an inde])end"nt, intelliy;ent 
 ojiinion. All such are asked to banisli tlieii' [)rejudices antl .listen to 
 tliohi- who have lived in the conn trv for vears. Tne almost universal 
 veidict is that the 
 
 CLfM \TK OF M.\Nrj'cm.\ IS .MOKK .\(JHEEAHI.E TH.W TH.\T OF ANV I'.VIIT 
 OF ONTARIO, (^rEHEC OK THE P:ASTEHNM*H<)VIX(;ES. 
 
 It, Is decidedly preferable to Dakota. Minnesota, Montana, Kansas. 
 >!ebi!iska. Illinois, California oi- anv other State of the Union, for 
 reasons which may be adverted to hereafter. In making this state- 
 ni<!nt tin; winter months ai-e distinctly kept in view. Forty defjfi-ees 
 below has an arctic ring about it and the ])ossibilities of .such an expe- 
 rience often make a very decided impression on one contemplating 
 r«iiJ)oval. But it must be remembered that these low registrations 
 are not by any means the rule and when they do oecm' are really 
 much more endurable than a great part of the wintei" months in 
 othei- parts where they ai-e sulijected to the greatest variableness 
 with most unpleasant accompanying stornis. The Manitoba Avinter 
 generall}' begins along in November and lasts usuallv till in March. 
 Fiom the time it freezes up till the wintei' is broken by spring, the 
 cold is, generall}' speaking, continuous and uninterrupted : no tliaws, 
 no rains, no thunderstoinis, no sleet, no fogs. It is generally bright 
 an<l sunshiny, the atmosphere, deai , bracing and healthful. The 
 transition from winter to spring is very rapid. This sea.son is one of 
 coiiiplete enjoyment. All nature is siiddenly relaxed and seems to be 
 
possessed with tlii' |iur|Mi^c tu atf<»r<i |»U'aMii'e. <leliylit lunl lmp|tine8H. 
 Mother eaitli lieiiejith a eleiii' ^ky. ami \vaiiiie<l with the ;;enial and 
 (ihnost constant lays of the sun, «(uici<ly divests hi-rself of Iier snowy 
 ujanth' and hecoine.s clothed with n richness of venhu'e that isan un- 
 inten'Upted deii;;ht. .Inne is loiown iis the rainy season, and undtT 
 the lieni<,ni inthience of the y,entle shnxseis, nudsture is pi-uihiced to 
 acct'h'iate and ilevehip growth. 
 
 THK Si;.MMKU rs tllAUMIN(i. 
 
 The lonj>;honj's of continuous sunshine ;ind svarnith aHoivl the reuiain- 
 in^ conditions to hrin^ the crops to maturity. Warm wcath'r, usu- 
 ally very (Mpiable, prevails. i)Ut sonuaiiiuw a heated spell (h'velops. 
 The nijjfhts, howover, are always cool and most aiireealde. As sum- 
 mer gradually wanes and indications oV autunni ap|>roach new fea- 
 tures and delij(ht present themselvt^s. The heavens do not a])pear 
 as if draped in mouinin^. Theic aro no indications that the foun- 
 tains of the ffreat deep are hi'oken U]). Tin; roads dr» not hecome im- 
 passable : on the contrary, natui-e t'orltids the sui,''i>(.siion of anything 
 sad or gloomy, [t is douhtful that any portion of our wir is more 
 agreeable than autumn. This is greatly to the advantage of the 
 husbandman who is attbrded the most fii\oi-al)le oppoitu'ticy for 
 harvesting and threshing and pii^paring thi ground for another 
 .season. Adverse criticisui of the climate of Manitol)ii may generally 
 be attributi'il to ignorance. j)rejndice or falsehood. The testimony 
 of thousands who have come hither fi'om every part of the world 
 will endorse this statement. It is to be r<^gretted that spice forbids 
 the adducing of personal testimony on this point that the most skep- 
 tical might leain how tl)OUsan<ls who came here with some aj)pre- 
 hension regarding the cold much prefer this climate to any other they 
 ever expe)ience<l. 
 
 THE hOIL 
 
 of Manitoba is greatly diversified and in the <litterent parts of the 
 Province may be found varietie.s suited to almost every reijuirement. 
 The quality that gi\es the highest value to the greater ari'a is Its 
 great productiveness for wheat growing. It is a fact established 1 •e.j'on<i 
 controversy that the average yield per acre of wheat has Iteeii larger. 
 in Manitoba than in any otlier partof the world for e(]ual area-. Ana 
 it is also known that the same land has produced large crops of wheat 
 annually ; for 80, 40 and 50 years. It is beyond doubt that this 
 country has a record for wheat gi-owing that has not beiui equalled. 
 It is useless to atxy that other cereals are grown here (juite as well as 
 wheat. The yield of oat-> is enonaous, l^arle}'^, rye, peas, llax and 
 other gi'ains have not been cultivated to the same extent as wheat 
 and oats, but the < xperinient> tlius far shows that the former grow as 
 luxuriantly as tlie latter. It is well known that the American wheat 
 fields ai-e fast becoming exhausted. Fjr years past thej- have been 
 encroaching upon their uncultivated territories, and to such an extent 
 that they now tind that tliey have reached the limits of their posses- 
 sions. 
 


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 rHK OKI .\l»oMA KlA>itCt HKortiHI' A IM'IH; AU \KEXIN<- 
 
 to those vvh<i iiiia^^iiu'd tluittlu' Aiiici'ii-juis [to^sL'sscd IiouikIUnn- areas to 
 be hi'oii^htuiulei* fultivation. For iiioiitli.-. liei'oiv the Oklalionia ro- 
 Hcrvf was open t'tjr SMttleinent it was rupri'seiited as a land of gi-oat t'ei'- 
 tilityan<' proiiiist.'. ItenjoytM] an cxtraoidinaiy l)ooni. SettU-rs wi;re 
 attracted '\v tlionsands. ^lore wont in with tlie intention of sottling ou 
 Governniont lands than were open for free homesteading. As soon 
 as they were ahb^ to make an intellioi-nt inspection of the soil they 
 made a (••reate)' s|ampe(h' to ^vt out of the eountry than they had to 
 get ill. It is repoite<l that tliey hav<' a scheme on foot to irrigate the 
 arid [)lains of tlu^ west. This is indisputahU' proof of their extrem- 
 ity and a certaiii assurance that the man wlio occupies the ir)"i<2fated 
 Uind will have to cai'ry a lauvlen of excessive taxation. To iit-'et the 
 serious ditHculties that face them they are proposiuf.;; to attempt 
 w'heaL growinjj;' in some of the oldei- States in which it has boen 
 iiV)au<loned for years liecause of its unprotitahleness. Of coui'se tliis 
 me.aiis an expenditure of lahoi- and money that is sufficient to startle 
 one accustomed to wheat ^rowin^r^' in this Province. Jnfonned 
 Americans a(hiiit without hesitation that the supply of 
 
 WIIKAT MIST COMi: KHOM NOKTH OK THE IXTEKXATIOXAL HOUNhAKY. 
 
 It may he statetl without »|ualitication tliat no otlier part of the 
 world to-day otters inducements and facilities for yraiii gTowing 
 <i(juai to tliose enjoyed hy Manitoha. 
 
 The capahilities (»f the soil for i^'iowin;^' I'oots are mai'Vidlous. 
 Tlie reports of yiehl pel- acre of potatoes, tuiiiips, mangolds, etc., 
 seem fahulous. 
 
 The native ^I'asses ai'e ahundant and of the hii;'hest nuti'itious 
 <]uaiities. Up to the present thi.se have heen almost wlioUy relied 
 upon. There is no reason to dtaiht that grasses might ho profitably 
 cult!\ated and douhtless will be as soon as the necessity for it arise.s. 
 In a w<a-d it may lie stated that there may be finuul here soil exactly 
 adapted to any de])ai'tment of agriculture that may be cultivated 
 wdth the fewest implements and the grcfitest ease. Soil foi' wheat, for 
 oats, for barley, for Hax, for peas, foi- roots, for grasses, for j)asuurage. 
 Natui'e has car*'fidly and lavishly supplied all the conditions for 
 prosecuting iiere farming operations with the greatest profit and the 
 lejxst expenditure of laboi* and capital. If you have not up to tlie 
 present met with the success you ha\'e desired \'ou are in\dted to 
 come here and eniov a return for your investment of moiiev and 
 lal>or that no other country can promise. 
 
 THE FLTKL QUESTION 
 
 hcvs )iy the uninformed been referred to as one of gravity. The fact 
 is thert- has never been occasion for any apprehension on this head; 
 but in any event it has been completely set at rest. Throughout the 
 Proxiuce there has Vieen a more or less generous suppl}'^ of Avood. 
 This i« by no ine^ms exhausted. In addition to this, practically ruex- 
 haustible 
 
10 
 DEIHtSITS (»1- I'.lll MINols cuAl, 
 have liOLii i'-uml in and on tli ■ contincs of tin- Pi'ovinc<.'. This con 1 
 is un<loiil)t('<llv of till' liii-iicst \alnt' foi- fill floiiK'stic and nianufactu)'- 
 ing purposes and is so situated tiuit it can lie mine*] at a nnnuniun or 
 expense. Alieady luancli lines of the ( '.I'.R. and N.P. <&: M. are pro- 
 jected and will without douht in- conijdcted next year to these coal 
 lields. (\>nipetition in freig'ht I'ates ai-e thus oufwanteed. This coal 
 shouhl tlieVefore Vie supplied to the ])eople of Manitoha at a veiy low 
 price. The increasing railway faeilitii's heing ac((uired will he ample 
 to supply every part of the ProNince witli fuel at cheapest rates, 
 Manitoha's positicii, though in the niain a ])]'aii'ie country, is an 
 enviable one, resjioctini;' fuel. She has never suffered in this matter 
 as other prairie countries have done, and her pi'ospects for the future 
 promise cliea]XM' fuel than the eastern provinces and many of the 
 States of the Americnii Union. 
 
 THE S()Or/?L (ONDITK)NS. 
 
 Many experience a not unnatuj-al avei'sion — initil the facts are 
 known — t<j leaving th-jir old associntions and fri(!nds and going to a 
 country whose social comlition is unsettled, uncultured and undesir- 
 able, if not positively dangerous. The ■ wild west " of the American 
 States lias atibrded such a iiicord of "lynching-bees", "hoi-se-thief re- 
 movals," "revolver accidents" and "land settling difficulties" that 
 people have come to think thai life is \eiy lightly esteemed in the 
 West. Wliere this is so the othei' conditions v)f social an<lcommercial 
 life arc not congenial to uhmi who res])ect law and order. Believing 
 such a state of affairs to be true of all the west, they are deterred by 
 this consideration from coming to Manitoba, and thus impi'oving their 
 affairs. If any such read this, they may accept the assurance that in 
 no part of tli*: woi'ld are thei-e better laws, and more highly respected 
 than in Mfuiitoba. In no. othei' c<»unii|^/ in the world is thei'e so large 
 a propoi'tiou of the po|)u]ation thaiV('njoys a good liberal education. 
 The population is undnubtedh' heterogene<ais. but Manitoba may 
 without hesitati »r challenge any country or state in the world to 
 shew in her citizens an e(jual amount of intelligence, knowledge of 
 the wt^irld, resolution, inde])endence, respect for law, and I'egaid for 
 the claims that society and r«ligion have upon the individual. The 
 laws and society of JManitoba aflbrd just as nuich protection to life, 
 character and property as do tliose r>f Ontario or the nicest favored 
 coiintiy on eai-th. 
 
 THE AI}SE\(JE OV LAWLESSNESS 
 
 both in the more trivial, as well as in tlu,' more sei-i(nis offences ha« 
 often been remarked upon, and is undoubtedly one of the most mark- 
 ed characteristics of this new I'l'ovince. At the last spring assizes 
 no gi-and Jury was emi)annelled in either the Central or Western 
 Ju<li' ial District. This means that at the time it was proper to eni- 
 pannel the grand juiy there was not a single ei'iminal, in more than 
 two-thirds of the Province to be put on trial. Thei-e are onh' three 
 gaols in the Province, and it freipiently happens, that in one at least 
 
n 
 
 of theiii tlunv is not u jjrisoiui . Sunday is (^aret'nlly ohservud every- 
 where. Manitoba as a new t-ountrv is very sini>ular in liavin'' a 
 very superioi- clasy or people, in liavinif ^ooil laws, well tnuniniHtered 
 and in att'or(lin<>", even in the leniotest distiiets, the ]>! oteetiou and 
 enjoyment of all right of the person and property. Apait from the 
 loss of old friends and associates, and tiie vlisability eo'i-iecpient upon 
 living in a spai'.sely settled district social conditions hi Manitoba are 
 eveivwhere of the most desirable chaiartei". 
 
 THE EDrCATloNAL FAdLTTIES 
 
 ftnd methods of the Province are <if a high oi'der. Ample jnovision 
 is made for the liberal education of every chilo. The present system 
 has grown with the incivasing needs, and has been framed upon the 
 best results attained elsewhere. Iii no ntlier country arc parents 
 njore and)itious to educate theii" children. The State in every pjs- 
 yible way encourages and gratifies this ambition. Free public schools 
 abound. These are estaltlished and school houses erected wherever 
 and as the people reijuire and can show proper reasons for them. 
 Thev are maintained bv government lirants and local taxation. In 
 
 «. I/O O 
 
 no department does the Goverinnent of the Province manifest a great- 
 er regard for the interests of the country un 1 people than in educa- 
 tional matters and in the grants made to assist in the attending 
 expense. Each district elects its own trustees to whom the manage- 
 ment of its affairs is entrusted. All teachers are subjected to a rigid 
 examination bt^+'ore being certificated and allowed to teach. 
 
 The schools ai-e rciiularlv and .systematicailv visited and re- 
 poj'ted u))on by a veiy efficient staff of Inspectors. 
 
 The Schools have been nunuficiently endov.ed by the setting 
 apart of two sections in each Township. 
 
 in addition to the Pul'lic Scliools, roJlegiate Institutes are pro- 
 vided for higher education. Thesi- are maintained and governed in 
 the same way as the public schools. 
 
 The Univei'sity of Manitoba has in atfiliatioT\ with it four Arts 
 Colleges and one Medical C'ollege. Tliei'e are several private Schools 
 and also Colleges for young ladies. 
 
 It will thus be seen that the eilucation of your children will be 
 cai'cd for lu'i'isas in vour old home. 
 
 ' i 
 
 THE RELKJIOU.S NEEDS <)¥ THE PEOPLE 
 
 are well [)rovided for tlu-oughout the Province. Nearly every denom- 
 ination is represented. There is nothing more characteristic of the 
 people of Manitoba than their i<»yaity and generosity, and these traits 
 
are particularly cojiKpicuous in ecclusijvstical iiiatt^^rs. Wliilc tlii-- is; 
 true a broader and more catholic spirit pervades the(lirterent<len<)nu- 
 nations than in the east and in older countries. The iiumh'r of 
 churohes erected and of established places in which public woi*ship is 
 regularly conducted boars elociuent testimony to the high regard in 
 which religion is held in this new country. Sunday schools may be 
 found in nearly every settlement, and the large and enthusiastic 
 conventions held from time to time evince the warm interest and high 
 esteeut in which Sunday Schools are held. 
 
 It is needless to add that this condition of affairs pj'oves a \>'ry 
 oflective re.straint on vice and immoralit}', and p]'om<»tes the cultiva- 
 tion and practice of virtue, temperance and right living. In all the 
 centres of population the church-going habits of the people is a con- 
 stant surprise to those who have been living in the most crowded 
 cities and towns elsewhere. 
 
 \ 
 
 THE ABSENCE OF CYCLONES 
 
 and violent storms is greatly in favor of thecountiy. While in many 
 of the Northern and South-western States and Territorie,s of the 
 Union, among which are Iowa, Nebraska, Dakota and Minnesota, 
 frequent storms, resulting in loss of life and destniction of property 
 are experienced; they are altogether unknown in Manitoba. The 
 immunity from storms enjoyed here is doubtless attributal»le to the top- 
 ogi'aphy of the country. Ranges of hills or mountains, as they are 
 termed in some parts, intersecting valleys and lilocks of timber of con- 
 siderable size, create impediments to the onward progress of st« ►rms, 
 and so check and counteract their violence as to render them per- 
 fectly harmless. It is a literal fact that in many parts of the neigh- 
 boring i-epublic provision has to l)e made by " cyclone-cellars "' and 
 otherwise, to protect the settlers. The evidence of their necessity is 
 ghewn in the many lives that have been lost there by not having or 
 not availing themselves in time of this kind of protection. Cyclones 
 are unknown in Manitoba, except by report. No one has evei- yet 
 experienced a wind storm in the Province that couM fairly he called 
 dangerous. There are no cyclone cellaj-s in the country, and no oc- 
 casion for them. 
 
 
 THE NATURAL CAPABILITIES 
 
 and produetivenes of the Province are unrivalled. Ample opportuni- 
 ties have now been afforded to test the country in nearl}- every desir- 
 able way. Experience has shewn that an average rainfall with the 
 usual accompaniment of heat is most conducive to vegetable gi'owth. 
 An excessive rainfall, however, does not produce the same injurious 
 effects here as elsewhere, while manj' have remai'ked that vegetable 
 growth progresses and develops here without rain, oi- with very little, 
 
13 
 
 a« nowhei'e else. For some time punt there has )>eeii much lt>«ss timn 
 an average rainfall or snowfall, in consequence of which the country 
 lias become unusually dry. From this it has resulted that tlie drouth 
 of the past season has been of a most serious character. The gi-ound 
 was very dry in the spring, and the usual spnng an<l June lains did 
 not come. 
 
 Foi" lengthened periods aftei* the grain was sown there wjvs not 
 a drop of rain in different localities. People were greatly surprised to 
 know how it was possible to grow undei- such circumstances, and not 
 only grow, but to produce iine crops. The result of these 'litfereno 
 tests establishes the fact that when the gi'ound is properly prepared 
 and good seed is properly planted there is no reason ti<^> dread a fail- 
 ure in the returns. It is believed that nature compensates for the 
 lack of rainfall by storing up moisture in the frost that penetrates to 
 considerable depth. Whatever causes may be assigned to explain the 
 results it is undeniable that nature has never yet failed to perform 
 her part in giving the most liberal return for all the husbandman's 
 labor. Whether the season has been wet or diy, hot or cool, the farm- 
 er who carried on all his operations in accordance with the best ap- 
 proved methods of husbandly has not been disappointed in reaping 
 the fruits of his labor. There is no other country that has passed 
 through such crucial tests as Manitoba has done, that can point to 
 such extraordinary and gratifying results. 
 
 
 I . 
 
 THE WATER 
 
 supply of Manitoba is ample. In prairie countries generally thepi*o- 
 curing of a suppl,y of good water is one of the greatest difliculties 
 encountered. This Province forms a notable exception to the mle. 
 Rivers and creeks traverse the country in every direction. Thei'e are 
 numerous lakes of very considerable magnitude, while there are many 
 more smaller bodies of water. All these are almost without excep- 
 tion fit for use, if not of superior quality. In addition to this, water 
 may be found in almost ■ ny pai't of the Province within reasonable 
 depth and at a moderate cost. The water found in hundreds of wells 
 in Manitoba is as good and puie as can be found in the world. In- 
 tending settlei"s cannot overestimate the importance of securing an 
 ample supply of fine palatable water. It must not be understoo<:l 
 that every pond hole of stagnant water is fit for use or that a gushing 
 spring is to be found under every tuft of grass. But it is distinctly 
 stated that the Province of Manitoba is well supplied with good, pure, 
 palatable water, healthy for man and beast, which may be had at a 
 moderate cost. No real difticulty is experienced in keeping pumps in 
 gcxid working onler the year I'ound. 
 
 THE HEALTHFULXESS 
 
 of Manitoba is one of its most distinctive and attractive features. 
 There are hundreds of robust men and women in Manitoba to-day 
 who came here physical wrecks, and who now bear grateful testimony 
 
14 
 
 M 
 
 tilt' salulnitv of tli».' clinmU". tlic |niiity t)t' tlie atuios))lieie niul the 
 prt'seiicc of of'iu'v coiKlitions that uiake this Piovince one of the 
 healthi''st places in tlie worM. 
 
 A ofi'eat (leal of niisapprehensitai exists rej^ardin^' the 
 
 SNOW FALL 
 
 >f Ahniitoha. The fact is the aveiaee is veiv low, and deep snow is 
 rai'ely seen heiv. Snow hhtckades are vet to he exi)enenced on the 
 railways of this Piovince We have no thaws or disa()freeat)le tluct- 
 •latiojis aftei- the wintei-sets in, so that the sleighing is uninten-upted, 
 affording a cajiital oppoi'tunity to haul grain, liay, fnel, etc, 
 
 TAXATION 
 
 R 
 
 is hy no means excessi\e. and shtadd grow pi'oportionately less as tiie 
 country fills u|). and the ]K)pulation increases. The annual expen- 
 diture shoidd never exceed a modest figure, as theie are .sui'pi'isingly 
 few ciicum.stances to occasion ex])endituie. All that is neces.sary is 
 to lay out a road wheievei' lecpiiied, and (h'ive upon it to have a 
 magnificent liighway. Nothing more need he done except to erect 
 bi'idges and pid\ ide watei' coui'ses. The esta])lishment and mainten- 
 ance of .schools will undoulttedly cieate the greatest ex])enditure,hut 
 in thi.s matter taxation will he relieved l»y handsome Piovincial grants 
 and hy the magnificent land endowments set apart foi- educational 
 purposes. 
 
 MUNICIPAL OH(i AN IZATIONS 
 
 may he said to he com})lete. All propel' machineiy is j)rovided for 
 Municipal (Jovernment. The country is divided into counties and 
 uuniicipalities. Each municipality has its council and Reeve, or 
 Mayor, elected hy a popular vote. Each council, s])eaking 
 in a geneial way. controls its own internal aftaiis, huilding, improving 
 an<l maintaining i-oads, hridges and other nnmicipal woiks and huild- 
 ings, levies an<l collects the taxes necessary for its own operations as 
 well as for the schools within its limits. The Muiiicipal Conniiis.sion- 
 er controls inte]'-munici))al and other matters ()utside the jurisdiction 
 of the (VauK'ils. The Pi'ovincial go\ ermuent annually ap])ropriates 
 liheial sums t(» assist in Mmucipal and School expenditure. 
 
 THE F(JRM OF GOVERNMENT 
 
 is of the most lihei-al charactei-. Being one of the confedei-ated Prov- 
 inces of the Dominion of Canada, her rights are secured and limited 
 hy the British North America Act, and are in the main similar to those 
 of Ontario. Happily we now possess and enjoy all the political rights 
 and privileges of the older Provinces, though these were denied for a 
 time, there! )y causing agitation and trouhle. The representation in 
 the Donn'nion House is hased upon the population. B}^ a j-ecent en- 
 
in 
 
 actiiu'iit, icpi-fsi'iitatiuii in tli<' I'iuNincial I^fn-islaturr is t'aiilv ilistri- 
 bilted )iiii(»Mo-tliiity-('ioiit (•(iiistitiiciicit's. In iiotli cuscs \ntin<4- is doiio 
 by luillot. The i|ualilic'iiti<in for votin^'^' is iniicticaily ninnliood snf- 
 fm^;*', so that every man lias a Noicc in sclcefin;^' tlif rrpi-fscntatixcs 
 and in dct<MMninin«^' tlio Ic^islatidii aiid the I'liai-at-tcr of tlic adininis-, 
 tration. as well Foi- tlic Dominion as t'oi' tin- I'l-ovinci'. TJii' laws ai-c 
 of tlic most lil)i'i-al ehara-^tcr. consistent with proper .nhninisti'atiitn 
 an<l a i"i<>'ht reoai'<| of interests. In irn-islatiny. sp(.cial consMJei-ation 
 is given to the poeuliar iieeils uf the pijople in a new country. All 
 leo'islation is of a po])ulaV clniacter, t'lass ijistinction hein;:' carefully 
 avoided, rej^ard 1)ein<^" constantly had for the yood <if the greatest 
 number. 
 
 * 
 
 4 
 
 ft 
 9 
 
 WHEAT 1JAISIN(;. 
 
 While thei'c are scattered through the couistry hills an<l \alleys. 
 blocks of timber and broken country, the a'ea occupied by these 
 bears no pi'oportion tf) that by tlie fertile, le\-c!,undulatiny])rairies that 
 constantly invite the huKbanduian to test thei • richness and produc- 
 tiveness. The remarkable ease with whii-h the \ irain ]M-airie mav be 
 brought umler cultivation has induce(l many to endtark in wheat 
 raising to the neglect of other )>rofitable iixlusti'ies and the assured 
 prospects of speedy money making in growing wheat, cjiuseil many 
 to rely upon the extraordinary feitility of the soil to an extent that 
 would never have been thought of elsewher(\ Oftentimes such la-e- 
 sumption has Iteen rewarded with unmerited sticcess. \ume)ous 
 instances are related of bui'uing of!" the stubble and sowing wil hout any 
 attempt at cnltivation, except hai-rowing. and a gooil axcrage 
 being I'eaped. A very considei'able yield has time an<l again been 
 had fi'om vohmteei* ci'ops as they ai-e called. These occtu" in cases ni 
 which the grain has perha])s grown \ery ri])e before being harvest*'d. 
 A con.siderable (piantity of course falls upon the ground and it is 
 allowed to gi"ow, with the mo.st gratifying i"(;s\ilt:-; to the owner of th«r 
 land. The knowledge of such occurrences natura'ly induces a gi-eat 
 amount of carelessni's.-, and inclines farmers to demand crops by theii* 
 bestovvinir nnich less than ordinarv care and labor. That faimers 
 have in so many cases achieved such a measure of success as they 
 have done here, is the highest |)ossiit!e compliment to the natui'al 
 capabilities of the country. 
 
 The soil, the climate atid other natural con<litions of Maint(»ba 
 are peculiarly adapted to wheat raising. This is n<»w recognized as a 
 fact of vast importance by those who are interested in the success of 
 the world's Itread supply. It is no haiger denied tluit the futui-e 
 wheat fields on tliis continent lie north of the Inteinationa! Iioimdaiy 
 line ; this means that in the magniticent^areas of Manitoba, comprising 
 
 AIILJ.IOXS OK AC.'HES OF THK .MO.ST VMW'VUA: VIHGIN IMt.vriilE, 
 
 i 
 
 capalile of producing the best (piality of vvlieat the world has over 
 seen, the wheat tields of America are in the nea.r future to be found. 
 
16 
 
 Up U> tilt' present. ManitoVm is v,ith<Ait a nval in the Hoil and other 
 conditions she enjoys for wheat culture, Speaking crentjrally, the 
 surface is clay or sandy loam, vaiying fr<iiu H to 20 inches in (lepth, 
 with a clay subsoil. Very i-aiely is any difficulty met in bringing the 
 land under cultivation. The absence of trees, stumps, roots, stones, 
 etc., uiake the cultivation of tlie land much less laborious than in 
 most other countries. The soil is known to possess those qualities 
 that are i'e(iuisite to produce tlie finest sample of wheat. The berry 
 is of a moderate size, of a fine amliei- color and possesses in the high- 
 est degrf:e those qualities that render it most protital)le for flour 
 making. The soil is very rich, and witli propei- husbandry yields 
 hand.some crops Avithout feililizers. The annoyance of lodged crt)ps 
 may ])e said never to occur here. 'I'lie straw is sti'ong and stiff, often 
 excee<ling five feet in height, while the heads are long and plump. 
 It will be easily inferred that a field of '200 or 800 acres of growing 
 wheat is a beautiful sight, and when it piomises an average yield of 
 80 bushels to the acre (that has of'tc:) been exceeded), it is to the 
 owner in reality a golden prospt!ct. 
 
 It is now recognized as a scientific fact that the farther north 
 wheat can be grown and fully matuiiil the more de.siiable it is. 
 That wheat is grown hundreds of miles north of the northei-n bound- 
 ary of Manitoba is undoubtedly the fact. For years to come, perhaps, 
 tho.se tei')'itories will be practically inaccessible to the world. Mani- 
 toba is to-day the northernmost country on tins continent in which 
 wheat has been successfully and profitably grown in any considerable 
 quantities. Expejimenting an<l speculating on results have now be- 
 come an assiu-ed ex])ei"ience, so far at least as the general fertility and 
 productiveness of this country are conceined, an<l those people 
 coming here now know exactly what has been done and what they 
 may accomplish. They may enjoy the ad\antage of all the know- 
 ledge that has l»een acfpiired fty a lot of intelligent, (.'ueigetic farmers, 
 who have tested processes, and are in a ))osition to cany on future 
 operations upon the most approved methods. It will l)e I'eadily seen 
 that those who come here now to engage in farming w'ill occupy the 
 most advantageous position, us they may at once adopt the methods 
 that have been proved to be the best, while they can s(;cui"e land on 
 the most favorable terms. 
 
 It should be remarked that while whea^ growing is, perhaps, 
 the most atti'{icti\e occupation to the new comei', it is the better 
 opinion that 
 
 ! 
 
 V 
 
 t 
 r 
 » 
 
 4 
 
 MIXED FARMING. 
 
 will pro\e the safest and most remunerative in the long iim. The 
 raising of stock is a most agreeable occupation, and, in a country so 
 admirably adapted thereto as Manitoba is, cannot fail to prove a 
 highly remunerative one. 
 
 It is only a few years since buffaloes in countless numbers found 
 a home on ^ese very prairies, and all the food requisite foi' their 
 siuJt*inance. Domesticated animals thrive quite as well unon the 
 
T 
 
 r 
 » 
 
 'I 
 
 4 
 ll 
 
 
 17 
 
 natural Classes of the prairie «us the buffalo iliti. They Neoni Ui find 
 it highly palatable and nutritious. Stock raiseis Ofssert that 
 their aidniaLs prefer prairie hay to any that tliey have yet been able 
 to cultivate. The clin)atic condition.s aie peeulia)-ly favorable to 
 animal life ami f>io\vth. This is strikini^dy nianifestetl in the e.Ktra- 
 ordinary si/e atid development of horses njid cattle. Not iMfre(iu«!ntly 
 yearling's antl tv.'o year oMs here hav the proportions (if full •:fi"o\vn 
 animals, laiset! in less congenial sinrouudini^s. The si^^^ht of a })oor 
 animal is clear evidence of extreme a;,'e or shiftlessness on the part wf 
 the owner. (.Jrass fed beef in Manitoba is said to excel stall fed in the 
 E^istern Provinces. Young cattle and ct)lts, as well as older animals, 
 experience little or no ditiieulty in "rustling" for themselves tluring 
 the whole winter, if the shelter of a blufi' or shed is i»rocured, and 
 water provided. (Henerally, provision is made to <j;ive them a 
 little foddei" dui'ing the coldest weather, antl with this tbev come out 
 in tile spiing in ca|)ital condition. 
 
 DAIRVFXCJ. 
 
 may In; carried on with the utuiost certainty of iiand.some profits. 
 The pastur<i*j;'e that nature has provid«Ml, in prficticnliy limitless sup- 
 ply, with excellent water to be found almost everywhere tiirough- 
 out the Province, affords excellent eonditrions for butter and cheese 
 making. Jt has (jften ])een rei»iarked,and is undoubtedly true that, if 
 good bnttei- and cheese cannot be made in Manitoba, they cannot in 
 the world. Dairy pi'oducts always find a i-eady and good market, 
 and as they become better known, they will be nioie a[ipreciat€*d and 
 command higher prices. 
 
 POULTHY RAISlXti 
 
 has thus far proved, and must continue to prove, highh' remunerative. 
 No difficulty is expenenced in making them perfectly comfortable 
 the yeai' round. There is ahvays an al>undance of i efu.sfi grain, so 
 that witfi the least care and labor, a tidv sujn mav l>e annuallv real- 
 ized from poultiy. 
 
 HOGS 
 
 are wvsily raised here. There is usually oii eveiy farm a large tjuan- 
 tity of coarse grain that if saved would feed and fatten a pen of hogs. 
 The thrifty farmer can thus add considerably to his annual returns, 
 and always have an ample supply of pork, bacon and ham, that will 
 cost hiia pi-actically nothing. 
 
 SHEEP RAISING 
 
 s - 
 
 has not as yet been undertaken as extensively as hoiise and cattle 
 raising, but the experiments thus far made show that it may be, with 
 «q\ially satisfactory results. Pwhaps the absence of factories, and 
 
a 
 
 iK • 
 
10 
 
 th«' liitlu'i'td lii^l) lici^lit iiitfs t>ii wool, liiiNi- lifcii iiinu'tlinu-nts in 
 this iiitlustrv. We mc nssiirt'il ot' lu-ttci' sliij»]»iii^ nitcH, which will 
 iin])i'(»vr the piicr of wonl. On tht' t'lTctjoii ut' vvuoK'ii factories, 
 tlicrc is no reason to douht tlint shct-)* raisin^;" will hcconic a vciy 
 |)o)»ulai' ami i))otitahlt' nn<li'itakiii<j'. Mmton has hitlu'ito hroii^ht a 
 hi^^h piicc. 
 
 It will thus lie seen that tlif jnnflcnt fainu-r may so order his 
 iirt'aii's that failure cannot o\('itak(' liini. While perhaps looking to 
 his wheat as the most i)ii])ortant ])art of his ])r<uhicts, he uja}' he 
 raising a nice little hand of horses, thus ])roviding means to extend 
 his cultivating ojierations, oi- to have a few heads to sell at good 
 pi'ices. He may he getting t<»gether a herd of cattle, from whicli he 
 will always he ahle to su])])ly his own pantry with plenty of 
 
 MILK, m TTKIt AND <'Hi:i;sK. 
 
 and out of the snrplus of which the familv jiroceries may he extract- 
 . llie ixMiJtry with theii- products, will lu'l)> to su))ply doelicacies 
 for the tahles. and make u]> a st(»re for a rainy day. While the hog 
 pen will sup))|y meat for the family, and a few harrels extra for sale, 
 iuu] the flock of sheep liiay supply clothing, it will thus he seen how 
 easily a fi'ugaj, pru<leiit man can ])i'ovide foi- all the wants of his fam- 
 ily, and how a guajantee is atior<led that a eonipetence may he ac- 
 <|uiied. 
 
 WILJ) (lAME. 
 
 It goes without saying that thei-e is a g)eivt plenty of game. 
 J)ucks and geese may he found in myiiads at the pi'oper seasons. 
 Wild turkeys, partiidge. plover, etc.. in less lumdiei's. Prairie chick- 
 ens, however, are heie the distinct feature <jf wihl fowl. In the 
 larger lakes and streams tish ah(auid. In the winter the farmers 
 visit the waters, wheicin are the hest tish and catch all they want for 
 the season. They generally keep thent frozen till the spring opens. 
 In this way fondness for sport is gi-atitied, while a pleasing and desii'- 
 ahle addition to the diet of the family is iuimV'. 
 
 (JARDEX VEGETABLES 
 
 of the choicest (|ualities are easily gi-own. and give magnificent re- 
 turns. Potatoes are ])a]'ticularly tine, and yield enormously. The 
 specimens (jf caljhage, turnips, l>eets, carrots, etc., one often sees here 
 are of extiaordinary .size, and hear incontestable evidence to the high 
 fei'tility of the land. 
 
 SMALL FRUITS 
 
 such as cui-rants, cheiries, strawberries, laspberries, etc., abound all 
 over the country. Their presence in a natural state is satisfactory 
 proof that they can be cultivated to advantage, and without difficulty. 
 Many have introduced them into theii" gardens, and have thus tested 
 the mattei" experimentally. 
 
/> 
 
 THK COST OF l.ANI) 
 
 i.s oftt'ii avskctl. In a ffciUMHl way it may lu' stated that it can Im' 
 secured at nltnost any in-icf. Free honiesteads may l>e liad hy por- 
 formin^ settlement conditions, wliile other hinds may l»e ]aurlms<»d 
 from one dolhir per aci-e and ui)wards. Perhaps in a general way it 
 mi^lit h«' st*ited that vir^nn praiiie withrait any ))articnhir xahiefi-om 
 location, would cost fVoui ^4.(K) to 5*0.00 per aeie. 
 
 'Hie LilM'rality (»f' oiu' laws i'eji;ardin^ 
 
 FKKK H()MESTKAl)IN(i. 
 ma\ lie inferred from the following sunnnarv : 
 
 *■ i < 
 
 Settlern can obtain free grants of land in M initoba upon the following conditions, 
 viz. : — 
 
 1. By making entry and within six months tlierwafter erecting ii habitable home 
 and commencing aclual residence upon the land, and continuing to reside upon it for 
 at least six mouths in each year for throe years, ami doinj^ reasonable onltivatioii during 
 that period. 
 
 2. By making entry for the land, cultivating it tor three years, so that at the end 
 of that period not less than forty acres be uider cultivation ; residing for at least six 
 months in each year during that time withiu a radius of two miles of the homestead, 
 and erectitig a house and residing in it upon the homestead for three months next 
 preceding the application for p&tent. 
 
 8 By making entry and, within six months from the date thereof, commencing 
 the cultivation of the homestead, breaking Sud preparing for crop within the *irst year 
 not less than fivti acres ; cropping the said t;ve acres, and breaking and prept^ring for 
 crop not less thi >i ten acres in addition, and erecting a habitable house liefore the 
 expiration ot the second year, and thereafter residing theroir* at least six months in 
 each year and cultivating the land for three years next prior to the date of thf upplioa- 
 tion for patent. 
 
 The only charge for a homestead of 160 acres is the entrance fee of ten d(i'1ar«»; in 
 the case of forfeited pre emptions, an additional fpe of five dollars ; and 1 carte ol 
 cancelled homesteads, and additional inspsotion fee of ten dollars. Seitlers have the 
 right to pre-empt the adjoining quarter-section of 160 acres, if available, and within 
 six moutnd of comp'etion of the homes^'ead duties, may purchase the pre-emption at the 
 price of government lantJ:. at the tim; of making the entry. 
 
 From this it may l»e seen how ea.sily a fine farm may be secured 
 free. It ought, ]\ov> < v :;!', to h'-'. stated that lands of the bent (|uality 
 can scarcely be secvued no\v on th jse conditions, except at a dis- 
 tance from a shippinor, anvl in, as yet, sparsely settled districts. 
 
 Expeiience has sliown the A'i.sdom of getting as near a market 
 as possible. The labor and expense involved in hauling a large 
 crop to market, ought always to be borne in mind. 
 
 The nearer the market to the farm where it is raised, the larg- 
 er the profit In consequence of this, it is always preferable to 
 purchase, where one is in a position to do so. to secure a desii-able 
 l(.x?Atiou. 
 
it 
 
 NOW Is THK TIMK. 
 
 Tlu'iv luner was ji iM'ttcr tiiin' tluiii tlit* pivwiit it't puicliaM' ]iin>l in 
 M'luitolia. Ill almost any <lisiri('t, it can !«' Ixmnht at v«'ry low |)ric«'s. 
 Ottmi with ImiMin^s alrcaily t'rirtt.'W. aiui sonio iaiul uinl»>r ciiltiva- 
 tio»i, so that the [mivhasci- can hc^on at once, an<l ifalizc the first 
 senson. This (jf course cannot In* tlon*- on the \ir^'in pi'airic Hut 
 when a inaii can laiy a Farm at reiisonahh' tit,'ures, with n liouso 
 and stalile ixwly for occupation, and with a lai'fjer <»r simdler 
 area ready for cropping, it is peifectly clear that he hegins under 
 much more favoraole auspices than the man who locates on a paicel 
 of land, <ni which the only erection is the siirveyors stakes. (Jeiier- 
 ally speaking", too, tlie man who huys will i;et aj;ood retui'u for all he 
 pays in the nnniicipal and other improvements, as well as in having 
 roads, hridges, schools, churches, «»tc., ali-eady estahlished. The )nan 
 who comes in and purchases at th^ low tifjures that are asked now. 
 and are likcily to i»ievail until a consitieralth' (piantity more of land 
 changes hands, is goinj;- to make an inxestment that cannot fail to he 
 a safe one, and is likely to prove a very pi-ofitable one Don't he 
 afraid that it will ht^ all gone before you can get hei'e. There is 
 plenty for millions yet. hut those who get here soonest, will certiinly 
 get the best l)argains. Those who come late, will lave denied them- 
 selves of very distinct advantages, by their delay. There nee<l be no 
 hesitation in stating that those coming here in the near future, will 
 find it greatly to their advantage to come prepared to l»uy land. It 
 might be remarked that in most cases lil)ei'al tei'msofcretlit are given. 
 
 Manitoba extends a coidial invitation, and promises a hearty 
 welcome to all who are capable and willing to work. Those who ex- 
 pect on coming here to Hn<l tlu,' trail covered with siher dollars, and 
 prairie hickons sitting ar<annl roaste^l, with a fork in their breast 
 ready to be eaten, will likely Ite disappointed. The country has 
 suffered not a little from the dis))araging I'emarks of many of this 
 class, who came here apparently expecting to return in a short time 
 with plenty of money, but witluait an etibrt on their part. Failing 
 to reuli/e theii- silly anticipations, they went back, and a,shameil to 
 confess theii- own foll^', atii-ibuted theii- lack of success to some ob- 
 jectio. .ai'le feature in the country. The un(|ualitiod success of thou- 
 .san«Kv!iere, who have as a result of iiuhistrious efforts accumulated 
 mui.li more tlin" ;i living, affords an abundant I'efutation of the.se 
 slanderers. M.uotobu co-day, may without hesitation, chalh'uge 
 the world to show natural attrat^tions e(jual to those she possesses. 
 All that isnow ixMiuisite is to have those i-esources developed. Peo- 
 ple competent to do this ai'e i-e(|uired. and forthe.se an ample guar- 
 antee is given that success will attend. 
 
 There is more room for farmei-s and farm laborers, than 
 for any other class. Blacksmiths, carpenteiN, masons and other 
 mechanics ai-e always reasonably sure of profitable employment. 
 
 Female help has up to the pi'esent been in brisk demand.. Those 
 qualified to perform hoiise work well will need have no dread aixjut 
 getting constant employment at high wages. 
 
f 
 
 All who roiitciiipliiti' (•lmn<,nii^- fclicir plan' of residenci'. should 
 hrai- ill tiiiiKJ that in a new eoujitiy likf this, witli such an assured 
 futm-c, there are always clianees for inijtroviii^wnie's eoudition tlmt the 
 older and more ercjwded places do not enjoy. If you are able and 
 willing' to work, ycai need not hesitate to come liere. You will be 
 able to find some kind of employment. Come prepared to acccept 
 the most congenial work you can find, and keep your eyes open for 
 moie pleasant occupation. You will not have lonf^- to wait till you 
 find youjself in a nnicli impi'oved condition to that 3'ou left, unless 
 the latter was a very j-'ood one. (Jrumltlers, comiilainers. ciunks and 
 slanderers are. not invited. Those detei-mined to make n success 01 
 life, and willing' to do the best they can under all cirv^'vunstances, and 
 to lend a hel])in(>- hand to othei-s less fortunate than themselves, are 
 jmi-ticulai'ly invited to come and add to our numbers, among whom 
 will be found plenty of congenial companions. With such citizens, 
 thei'e need be no hesitation to predict that we shall soon have the 
 healthiest, happiest and most prosperous country in the woi'ld. 
 
 Some who liave come h<ii'(^ have denied themselves the success 
 they might ha\e enjoyed, because they would not adapt themselves 
 to tlie new surroundings and conditions. Much of tlie e.\])erience 
 that has been gained here has cost us a great deal. New settlers 
 are counselled to adopt the methods that have been proven to l»e the 
 best. Howevei- extensive e.\j)erienee \nider other conditions may 
 have been.it should not be ])refejred to that of tin,' countiy and place 
 in which Vinir operations are being conducted. Tenacity to your own 
 l»reconceived ideas, and disregai'd for the opinions of otliers, may cost 
 you years of toil and mo'iey, while a willingness to i(,'a)'n and to adapt 
 yom>elf to your new surroinidings will biing success. 
 
 WA(iKS 
 
 The 
 
 ar<' in season iieneiallv hiiih. Men are usuall\- well i)aid. 
 actual tigui'es differ in difi'en'Ut places and under different circum- 
 stances. It may. Iiowevei', be stated and aceepte(l that competent 
 labor ^vill be fully compensated. 
 
 'I'he best time to come will ilepen«l largely on what you are 
 going to do when you get here and how you are going to do it. 
 Domestic servants may bo advised to conu' whencxcr they please. 
 Cai'penteis, masons, plastoei's. mechanics and others of these classes, 
 should ai range to get here in the early spring, to )h' ready when building 
 <-(anmences. Fai-m laborers ought to get here in the latter part of 
 March, and then they can be c(anpletely settled before .sjn-ing work is 
 .activ(dy liegun. Some have fcanid it a very pj'udent plan to engage 
 as help on a farm for a season oi- so. and learn how to farm at the 
 <^xpenst' of some one else. Anyone adopting this plan has the ad- 
 vantag*- of leai-ning values and of ac(pui'ing infoi-mation as to the 
 hest localities in which to tinallv' settle. 
 
 If von ai'e going on a farm in a vij-gin condition \ou (aii^'ht to 1 
 
 JB 
 
 i-eady to begin breaking by tli'- first of June. If you have to 
 buil<l a house and stable first you sjiould allow ample time to do this, 
 
and sfttlc otiifi' j»iTliiiiiiiai-ir> Iii4'i)ri' tin- <lafc iiainctl. 
 
 II:' you Imvc srfui'cd a farm partly uikIi'T ciiltiN ;iti<>ii ydu imy'lit 
 to \.v oil your farui tlu' tii'st week in Marcli oi' t'\ m a little rarlirj'. to. 
 have evcrytliiiio' in slia])t' to ho^in opciations as soon as nature ])cruiits. 
 
 Tlic t'\])en(lituit' uf a moderate amount of hi-ains and money in 
 making' a selection In-fore laiyin*;' oi- settling' is found to I'e advisa'le 
 and protitaMu often. 
 
 Jt should. pe]']iai)s, liestateil that fi'e(juently exeellmt ojiportun- 
 itit's are pi-esentetj f(»r rentin<i' im]H'o\('il f.-nius. 
 
 HOW TO !'.1':(I1N. 
 
 It is surprising' on what 
 
 A M(tI)En.\TE ,S( Al.i: MAW IIAVK I'.KCMX IJIK 
 
 here. Aftei' makinti' a location a ])aii' of oxen and cart have lieen 
 purchased, perhaps altooetiier on ere<lit. Then a hreakin_i>' plough is 
 secured, and this with a tent, a few cookino- utensils and s(ane ^'ruli 
 have been loaded up and di'iven out to the farm. The cattle were 
 ea.sily ahlu to find their own fodder. l)urin<>' the la-eakin<4' season a 
 consideralile aj-ea is Itroken. I'he hay is put u]) foi' the wintei'. 
 Some lo^s ai'e secured and a liou.se ami stalile are erected. Both 
 these huilding's iia\'e often been and can he now put u|) at a veiy 
 trifling' exi)enditure of money. By this time the land is ready for 
 backsetting. This completed tliere is plenty of time and chances to 
 woi'k foj'the neigidiors at hig wages and t-arn enough to help through 
 the winter. As soon as snow conu's wood can he hauled for fuel iV»i' 
 wint(M' and the followiuii' summer. When sDi'ino' airi\es tiie hack- 
 
 ~ I. ~ 
 
 setting is ready for the seed. Then can follow more hreaking and 
 the routine of the previous season may l»e again followed. Thus it 
 is easy to see how one may start h.ere on. \ei'y little if obliged to d<, ,so. 
 But, of course, the more foi'ehauded one coimiieiices the sooner he 
 begins to realize, and the handsoinei' are tlie returns, it W(ad<l 
 alwavs be well to ha\e as man\- cows as possibli' at the outset, so 
 that a l)e<'innini'- on a herd of cattle might be maiU'. As to Imildings 
 one might say that you can have them at as small oi' laige ex])ense 
 as you please. As to implements the same may l>e said, if you 
 cannot buy more than a iilouuh \(>u can beoin with that: man\' 
 others have thaie so before you, and in a few short years (,wued a 
 sulky plougli, with a comj)lete outht of imjilements. and without any 
 debt, but if you can buy more than fi pNaigli ycai will be afde to get 
 on fastei' and more comfortably. 
 
 It is tnu' tliat nature has, in this Pnixince, made extraordinary 
 proxisioiis foi' the operations of the husbandman, and that the land 
 seems to lie hej-e. anxicais to be tickle(l by the ])lo^\ . only to empty 
 its horn of plenty into the plowman's granary: but yet man must do 
 his part: and the nioi'e intelligently, lioiiesily and eft'ectually ])<■ iloes 
 it, tile UKue certainly will he be lewanied. 
 
(' 
 
 •24 
 
 THK HidHT <>F MANITOBA TO HUlU) RAILWAYS 
 
 ■when- im<1 as slit' pleases is now eluHirfuUy and universally recog- 
 nized. Tilt' enjoyment of this ri^ht has ln'ought a vast amount of 
 ?*atiHt'act!t'ii jukI contentment to her inhahitants. The importance 
 <>i this will he hetter un«lei'stoo(l when it is i-emembiBred that 
 railwaxs are alis(.lutely essential to the pro]>er development of such a 
 c<»unti-y as this. Traiisportation facilities must he as compkte aud 
 cliea]) as it is j)ossil»le to make them, in (»rdei- that the farirer may 
 realize all that he is entitled to recei\e as the fruit of hl> labors. 
 Manitoba is to-day proud of all she enjoys in this respect, am 1 of the 
 l^aeatei- pi-ovisi(ai that is pjovided in tlte railways now umier con- 
 struction and piojected throu<jhout the p)(>vinc.e. Both the C. P. R. 
 and th.' N. P. \vc M. are elaborating their respective systems, and 
 there is satisfactory assui-ance that very shortly no pait of Manitoba 
 will be left without all necessary railway facilities. 
 
 Only a few short years aot) there was not a sino'le mile of 
 railway in thecianitry, now there are over 1 200 miles in operation, and 
 there is moix* than a reasonable cei-taintv that next vear a very con- 
 :sidei,;'ile mileagi- will be added. 
 
 From the following' table niav bei>aiheie<l the sei-vice with which 
 the province is now provided: 
 
 M. & N. W. branch 170 niiles 
 
 .Saskatchewau & Wesc railway . . 15 
 
 Shell River, Branch 11 
 
 Morris and Brandon branch . . 142 
 
 Red River Valley railway 65 
 
 Portage «.xtension. N.P. &M... 50 
 
 N.P. & M. (joalfiehis branch., — 
 
 j N'orth west Central (graded).... 50 
 
 <c 
 
 Mdiii line, C.RR 300 miles 
 
 P^-iiibiud Mountain branch C. 
 
 I'.R 202 " 
 
 Si.uthwtslc.vri 104 '• 
 
 Emertoti Branch C.P.R 66 " 
 
 W.'st Sulluik 23 '• 
 
 Stnuewall briiiich 20 " 
 
 Brandon Souriis coal tield branch 
 
 «nd«r t'lnstriK-tirii) 26 " 
 
 It may be remarked that both the X. P. & M. R. and the C. P. R. 
 
 •(•vince ;'. d'-icrmination to secure as n)uch of 
 
 THETK.M-ll' OKTHtCOrNTUV 
 
 as tliey cnn. From this it is to be inferred that no district with any 
 future before it is likely to be left any leui^th of time without ser- 
 vice. Most valuable indications of the esteem in which the country Ls 
 held are f<»und in the fact t)>at other railways are reported as anxious 
 t<i yet a foothold here. Manv pj-edict that railwav buildinji' within 
 the }'i-o< nice has only fairly beo-uu. 
 
 NFX'E.SSARIHS. 
 
 The follti.ving" t^ible will aHb)d a cntenon as to the proUible cost 
 A'i necfjssaries for a fai.'iilv. It will V>e found that in any centre 
 purchases may be fieely made vu tiie tigiues uametl : 
 
ft should ho a/ii<l«>«l that lioi-ot^^foiv fn-i^iu "has lic-n a \i-iy 
 p,ppreciahlt' part of the cost of ^mmU soM horu uml pai-tiruijirly of the 
 heavier kinds. 
 
 Grey cotton, 36 in. , per yd .... 5 to 10 ct? 
 
 White •• " " •' 7 " 15 " 
 
 Duck or drill, o/.., " " ..15 "25 " 
 
 Ticking 15 "25 " 
 
 Priht or calico, fast colors 7 "15 " 
 
 Gingham, oer yd 7 " 25 " 
 
 Flannel... 15 "45 " 
 
 Cottonades 30 "35 " 
 
 Tweed 50 " $2.00 
 
 Full cJoth 50 " 85 cts 
 
 Men's long boots, strong. , $2.00 " $5.00 
 Boys' " " " 1.50 
 
 Men's lace boots " .... 1.25 
 Boys' " " " .... 1.00 
 Women's shoes, good and 
 
 strong 1.00 
 
 Men'awoolen socks, per doz. 2.25 
 " " stockinjts, per 
 
 doz. 2.00 
 
 Men's siiita, good, service- 
 able and warm 10 00 " 15 00 
 
 Men's overcoats, " " " 8.00 " 15.00 
 
 Sugars, per lb 8 " 1 1 cts 
 
 T^s, " 25 " 60 " 
 
 Tobacco," 50 " 60 " 
 
 2 50 
 4.00 
 2.50 
 
 2.00 
 3.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 cts 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 (i 
 
 i t 
 
 7 
 
 
 JO 
 
 <» 
 
 13 
 
 
 H 
 
 (t 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 3A 
 
 
 Cofifec, per H) :?0 to 50 cts 
 
 riour, per 100 lbs ^2 W) " .S.75 
 
 Prnnes, per It) 
 
 Currants," " 
 
 Rice, 
 
 Raisi.is. " " 
 
 Nails.cut," " 
 
 Hinges, " " 
 
 Building paptr 
 
 Cooking stove, wood or coal 
 
 without utensils Sl.S 00 " 25.00 
 
 " with uien8il8,2;i 00 " 30.00 
 Parlor stove, wood or coal, 5.00 " 35.00 
 Set dislu'S, complete, from 2.50 
 
 Table 2.00upwdrd.^ 
 
 Chair.-", per doz 6.00 to 9.00 
 
 Bedstead 2 00 " 5.00 
 
 Sideboard 12 50 upwards 
 
 Lumber per M. 18.01) to 20.00 
 
 Kough boards 20.00 per M 
 
 Dressed lumber 21.00 " 
 
 Dimension stufl, joists, 
 
 scantling, kc 20 00 '« 
 
 Siding and flooring 2"? 00 " 24.00 
 
 Bricks at kiln 9 00 per M 
 
 As isooii as the N'oi-tlieni Pacific ^^ Manitoha Kaih\ay system 
 gets into full operalptm a very decided reduction in freight I'ates as 
 conipare<l witli those of former yeai-swill he effected. It need not he 
 douT>te<l that the tendency in prices tVoni this tiivie on will ho down- 
 ward 
 
 It might with propriety he added that l»oth the gi'eat system>« 
 in the province evince an intention of spreading (jut as oppcutunity 
 offers. Both will undoubtedly have hi-anches to the coal fields in the 
 near future, and neither will neglect any good chance to pi-omote the 
 interests of their respective companies, so that every part off the 
 province is reasonably assured they will possess all proper facilities 
 as soon as needed. The importance of conipetiticni in railway traffic 
 in a country like Manitoba cannot he overestimated, as so much 
 depends on rates and proximity to market. The lower the freight 
 rate for hauling the wheat out of the province the higher the price 
 realized by the farmer, and the less it costs to haul to market the 
 larger the aggregate returns from tlie crop. Competitive i-ates also 
 reduce the cost of all goods brought into the province. 
 
 THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM. 
 
 Realizing the importance of having farming operations con- 
 ducted on the most intelligent and scientific methods, and also the 
 great future before Manitoba in this department, the Dominion gov- 
 ernment have secured a consideral)le tract of land at the city of 
 Brandon and established upon it an Experimental Farm. 
 
 The purpose of this, as its name indicates, is to make experiments in 
 all those nmtt^rs th«i are likely to honetit the agriculturists and 
 
f^= 
 
 stock 
 
 la.isrrs <» 
 
 f tl 
 
 U' i)iM)\inet' 
 
 2t5 
 
 The ii<l\ Jiiitaiic tlu' raiiiicis of Manit- 
 
 oha sliouM (It'i'ive iis a n suit of tin- extensive e\])eiiitieiitiiin' that is 
 to he eim-ied oii can sciiveely he estiiiiateil. The utmost care and 
 accui-aey w.'ll he pursued in all their tests, and the icsults puhlished, 
 so that the ex])euse of niakin.u e\i)ei'iinents will he hoiue hy tlie 
 o'overnuieiit instead of Ity tlu' individuals. 
 
 Though this ifs tlie fiist year of active opeiation yet tlie expcvi- 
 iiients ai'e e\teusi\e. and of the most valuahle charfictei' to every 
 man who intends to cai-ry on farndno' opei-ations in tlie ccnuitry,^ 
 Thtre have heen sown this'yeai- :io different varieties of wheat, 40 of 
 oats, 42 of hai'Iey, 40 of fodder ])lants, 50 <»f urasses and 15 of peas. 
 Tests of vai-ious kinds aiv heiny- ma<le with these some are sowMi in 
 
 the Fall, some in tlie Spriuji'. some early and somi 
 
 lat 
 
 e, some W'ltll a 
 
 <nM! 
 
 and somi' oroa( 
 
 least. 
 
 Expei'iments are also liein^i' "ia.de with all tlie leadin<4' vaiiuties 
 of field i-oots. Over 100 dirt'ereiit \ai-ieties of potatoes liave heen 
 planted this season. 
 
 ('onsidei-a hie attention is heinopaid to tin; odtixatiouof sorghuui. 
 It is hellieved that it will ])i-ove very i)rofital)le here, hut the experi- 
 ments have not yet heen completed. 
 
 The ex])eriments now hi'iny niade with some 20 ditt'ei'ent varie- 
 ties of corn will att'ord valuahle iid'ormation as to the cultivation of 
 this cereal. 
 
 Tohacco now }4'rowini>' on the farm is in splen<Ud condition, and 
 ^dves pi'omise of magnificent residts. 
 
 (ha[)es o'l'owu in the o]»i'u air ai'e voy fine indeed. Wild f^'rapes 
 are found in ditferent parts of the ])rovince, and fi'om this it was 
 l)elieved the\- nu'ijlit he cultivated Avi^'hout ditfic.idtv. The results of 
 this xear's oneiations estal)lish the fact. 
 
 41. 
 
 Straw hei'ries, rasphernes and other small truits are ((oni<4' we 
 Tree plantiny" is a distinct featui'c of their operations, Ali'cady 
 they have hundreds of fr\iit ti'ees planted. Amono- them are apples, 
 
 V 
 
 >ears. cneri'ies a)i< 
 
 1 pi 
 
 urns: a 
 
 lid 
 
 onm- W( 
 
 11. Po)'est ti"(!es of different 
 
 kinds aie also heinii' experimented with on an extensive scale. 
 
 To n-jve an idea of the capahilities of the counti'y to withstand 
 the effects of lont;' continued terms of dry weather, it is stated that 
 the heaviest rainfall on the faiiu since the uiivin showed ahove 
 oTound thisSpi'ing was one-tenth of an inch. an<l the whole rainfall 
 from the time seed started u[i to harxcst, did not exce(Hl four-tenths 
 of one inch. These facts were ascei'tained with the use of govern- 
 ment instruments su[>plied for the pur[iose, and are accurate and 
 reliahle. Jt is \eiy <>'ratifyin_j»- to know that under these a<l\e)-se 
 circumstances thei'e aiv s[>lendid crops on the farm. The manager of 
 the farm aftiiins that he can sliow icsidts from this season's ()[)erations 
 (juite as satisfacU)ry as might he expected under the most favorahle 
 c<aiditions. Will the reader attempt to pictme what the result would 
 have heen if, in the disti'ict in which he I'esides, there had heen 
 practically no rain fiom seed time to harvest:' May Manitohans not 
 rightly claim that there is no other ('otnitiy in the woi'ld with such 
 vai'ied and desiivif)h', I'esources { 
 
Sr.NSHINK. 
 
 One i'cntuic <>F Mjiiiitolia clinmrr is tii<' cxtiviuriiiiiMi'x Miiniuut "tt" 
 Iti'ight suiisliiiiy woatlifr t'.\])frii'ii('('(!. Dui'iiio- the loiio- days of sniii- 
 nier the contimious sunsliiiic ntibnls coiKlitioiis cxac-tly aiiaptcl to 
 promote voot«tj.-ti(>n and mature tlic cntps. This fact, donbtlcss. in no- 
 sumll Mieasuiv accounts For tlic niarxcllous and lapid urowtli that 
 takes plrtci*. Anothci- cH'cet is that i^loomincss in the pcoplf is dissi- 
 pated, and the cheery sunshine liteialiy (hives away the ' iihies." 
 There are no nioi-e lii^'ht-hearted, coui-a^eous and lia])})y people in the 
 world tliftn in Manitoba: and there is no doul»t that this condition 
 of att'airs may in no small measure lie att)iltuted to onr liriifht sun- 
 shiiiv weather. 
 
 liv 
 
 ej 
 
 Sunshine 
 • pills. 
 
 is a lietter s])ecitic for hih'ousness and " l>!ue-^ than. 
 
 MAMTOBA'S AVERAIIK rNK(,)rALLi':i). 
 
 To attempt to g'ivt' exact tig'ures of the avei*a<;e yield ])er aci*e is. 
 to challenii'e cont)'Oversv on a iwint n(»t easvof estahlislnnent. Froju 
 the most reliable and accurate tigui'es obtainable it may lie stfite<l 
 without feai" of successful contradiction, that Manitoba can show a 
 hiifher average vield i)er acre of wheat, oats, barlex' and roots tiian 
 any other country in the world of e((ual ai'ea. Our wheat is in (pial- 
 ity unexcelled. It not infVeijuently a\ ei'a<.;'es (54 poun<ls to tin- bushel. 
 It can l)e raised at a miiiimum (»f cost. Svich a fiel<l for operation 
 should attract the world. 
 
 Tlie yield of oats is really ])hen(aiienal. If the reports tltatseem 
 to be reliable on in v estimation ai'e correct, the a\ei*aj4'e per acre is a 
 long" way beyond what is o-eneraliy ex |terienced in othei- parts. ( )ften 
 oats weigh 45j)Ounds to the bushel. Tp to the piesent oats have 
 demanded high prices, and pro\'e a highly renumerati\e O'Op. ■ . 
 
 Barley i-aised in Manitoba has been proven to possess in a vei-y 
 mai'ked degi'ee, those (pialities for which it is nutst ajipreciated. As 
 in the case of other grains, the yield ])er acre of liarley is fai- beyond 
 the average usually reaped elsewhei-e. Many are advocating the 
 more extensive cultivation of this cocal as one of the most piotitable 
 in which farmei-s can engage. Peas and Hax liaAe not been exten- 
 sively^ grown as yet, but theii- adaptation to the country has beeir 
 tested, and placed beyond a doubt. 
 
 Roots of all kinds are wonderfully [)rolitic. Horse and cattle 
 raising have ])rove(l as profitable as any other occupation m the 
 C()unt)'y, and tliere is no reason to antici])ate a change in this matter.. 
 
 '.h 
 
•2S 
 
 i y. ., 
 
 SE'ITLKKS- KXI'KKIILVCES. 
 
 A|.}>«;Ji(l('il will lie t'o\in<l tlif fxiicrifnci- in tlu' coiuitiy. of u few 
 Avliosf itiij)ivssiuns and opinions may. it is Ik )))«•( 1. lu' of valiU' t() othei's 
 •who haw lin<l no .»ppuitunity of visiting tin- country. The desire is to 
 -disst-niinate relialile infoi-niation, of a piaetieal eliaraeter, that the 
 Avorld may know just what kind of a country Manitoha is, and what 
 may Vh; expected on coming ajid h'vino- here: 
 
 My uative place was VVolviston, Stockton on Tees, England, where I was a farmM 
 and I came to Manitoba to get land of my o'vn, I have been here aioce 1882 : had no 
 capital to start with, but have now lbi» iicres of land, 16 horses and cattle, and have 
 had no losses or hardships. My prospects are good, I am satisfied, and think thii a 
 very good -oiintry for young men with capital, or farmers willing to work. 
 
 Stuartburn. VVm. Darling. 
 
 Although having very little capital when commeucing in Manitoba in 1880, I have 
 now H)0 acres, worth $2,000, twelve head of stock, over 60 acres in cu ivation, and 
 have had no reverses. I was a carpenter in Brantford, Ontario, and thought I'd come 
 here to try f aiming. The country is all right, a httle cold in winter, prospects are 
 bright, and I think there can be no doubt Manitoba can beat the world growing grain, 
 and any person coming here with gcod health and willing to work is bound to suc- 
 ceed. 
 
 Austin. Alkbkd Pickering. 
 
 I am a Mennonite, a Miller by trade, an^' left Russia in 1874, because I would not 
 be a soldier. I began with nothing — homesteaded, and have fared well as my farm is 
 worth $800. I have suffered no loss from the climate, either winter or summer ; the 
 climate is healthy ; it is a splendid dairy country, and a good one for grain and stock- 
 'raising. 
 
 .Steinback. CkjENJO-ius V. Frikmen. 
 
 In Glasgow, Scotland, I was a warehouseman, and came to Manitoba in 1882. having 
 less than $1,000 to commence with I have 320 acres worth $3,000, have over 50 acrsa 
 in crop, the average yield of wheat being 28 bushels per acre, oats 50 and barlev 40 
 bushels. I had 400 bushels potatoes per acre and 500 of turnips, and vegetables grow 
 to a greater s' e than in any other country I have ever seen. Winter usually sets in 
 the first or second week in November and ends middle of March. I have not had any 
 losses or suffering from the climate, occasiona ly we have a summer frost but it does 
 no harm. The climate is very healthy and the country can't be beat, especially for 
 dairying. Mixed farmiuti is the best, cattle thrive, I hrve 38 and winter them on wild 
 hay, straw, and some grain, though they will get fat o)i simple wild hay and water, 
 riiere is lota of water from 14 to 16 feet dt ep, and wild fruits grow freely, raspberries, 
 strawberries, currants and gooseberries. April or May is th« best time for a pettier 
 to come here to start farming, and they should not bring anything except strong cloth- 
 iiH! and blankets. I am so satisfied wiuh Manitoba that I have no wish to leave and 
 believe it will be a great country. There are a number of sections open for homestead'* 
 ing, that is, free land, in r.iy township, good grain land with lots of hay, and water for 
 the digging, convenient to wood and six miles from a railway station. 
 
 Kikhorn, Manitoba, Canada. Rout. Biokerton. 
 
 The climate of Manitoba, the country and the prospects suit me so well that I would 
 not change on any account. I am a farmer's son from Colhorne, Ont., and in 1881 
 thought the outlook was better here and came up with $700 to start on. I bought 
 ^40 acres from the G.P.R., ami it is now worth $9,000, a dark sandy loam which has 
 not yet required manure. I have .')35 acres in cultivation, and generally start seeding 
 first week in April, and harvesting second week in August. I have 20 head of horses 
 and cattle, which thrive well winter and summer, and sheep also thrive well and are 
 very profitable. The priiics cf necessaries are very little if any different from Ontario. 
 I have had no loss or hardship* of any kind, and the climate I consider very h'ealthy. 
 The man who is ready and willing to work and can bring, say $2,000 with him, can be 
 independent in five years it be wiU profit by the experience of those around him 
 B<andoo, ALB*utT L. Phiu». 
 

 20 
 
 I am a Canadian from Eldou Towuahip, Ontario, luui uau>e to Manitoba to better my 
 prospects in 1863. Having uothinf,; to be({in with, I took jp a homestead, 160 aorea of 
 fine sandy loam with clay subsoil, which is now worth $3,()U0. I have over tiO acres in 
 cultivation in wheat, oats, roots, etc. ; have harl no seriuun loss or lurdtihip from win-' 
 ter Climate ; find the climate very healthy, and am satistied with the country and the 
 prospects ahead of me. 
 
 Greenwood. Uko. (JiLLtapit:. 
 
 Id the spriiig oi 1882 I first settled here, being a Scotchman from Monar Beuuly, 
 Rosshire, where I worked on a farm. I came here to better myself and have done so a 
 good deal. Having only £10 to begin with, I homesteaded, and it is now worth, the 
 land alone, £200. I am perfectly satisfied with this country. I wouldn't wish fc r a 
 better for farming ov stock-raising, and wish hundreds of farmers in the old country 
 only knew it. 
 
 Erinview. Lachlan Cotue. 
 
 I am from Muirkirk, Ayreshire, Scotland, and settled i<i Manitoba in 1878. " waa 
 a plowman and had no capital, but now own 640 acres worth !$S,000, or £l,ti0C ster- 
 ling, have three horses and 40 horned cattle, and have 160 acres under crop. In 1882 
 I had .3,000 bushels of wheat, which sold at $1 pjr bushel, besides 900 bushels of oats 
 and 500 of barley. I do not use manure, use barb wire fencing, costing 82 cents per 
 rod with poets. I have bettered my condition by coming here and am satisfied with 
 the country and the prospects. Settlers arriving here in March cxn easily rent a piece 
 of cultivated land and put in a crop, and if he takes a homestead or buys hnd after^ 
 ward he can break it ready for the next year. 
 
 Portage la Prairie. Thok. MuCabtnuv. 
 
 I would just say that if this should reach any of my Highland frieml.« in the old 
 country, and if they want any information to write me. I am well natisiled with 
 Manitoba, and so is every one who tries to get along. 1 came here in 1877 ^'rom On- 
 tario with $2,500, and homestcadf.d and pre empted 320 acres, which is now worth 
 48,000. I have 160 acres in ^rop, have 30 horses and cattle, and have bettered myself 
 ten fold by coming heic. 
 
 Morden. D. McCuitiu. 
 
 I have 320 acres. 170 of it in crop, have 20 hdad of stock, che land is worth $2,500 
 but I landed in Manitoba with just one dollar. I cume from Quebec Province, find the 
 climate beautiful and am well satisfied, I have travelled through the greater part of 
 the United States, but Manitoba is the best place for farming and for a man to make a 
 oomfortabl)!! home for himself and fam'ly. 
 
 Moubray. ' F. J. Larmour. 
 
 Crystal City, Maiiitoba, is my prbsent address. I am from Ashton, Ontario, and an 
 engineer by calling. I first settled here in 1880, and have betcereU both tinanoially 
 and in health by doing so. I have 800 acres, 170 being under cultivation, and the 
 whole worth $7,000 without stock. There are 30 head of i oraes and cattle, and they 
 would rather eat wild hay than tame. We are looking for more than wc ever get and 
 getting more than we d«;serve, and on the whole are pretty well satisfied with this 
 eouutry. I believe Southern Manitoba, which I know best, and will therefore confine 
 my remarks to, is second to none for agricultural purposes, and is a home ior millions. 
 Send us along Christian men with money, land can be had from three to ten dollars an 
 acre. 
 
 Crystal City. 
 
 VVm. MoKlTBICK. 
 
 I came from Nichol Township, Ontario, in 1879, with $200 and have now 960 acres 
 worth $9,000, 140 in crop, with 50 cattle horsea and kine. I was a merchant and have 
 most decidedly bettered my condition by coming to Manitoba. I have had l>o injury 
 from the cold, and ha/e hid eight crops and only one was frosted. I have never been 
 frost-bitten, though I h<iVo teamed grain all winter, sometimes trave ling 100 miles. 
 As a dairy country we can beat the world, because of the cool nights, and when in 
 midaummer, eastern pastures are burned dry, Manitoba grasses are greet.. We can 
 grow in this Province 20 to 40 oushels of wheat per.acre, 30 to 50 of barley and 40 to 
 80 of oats : can raise all live stock on the natural grasses at a very low cost. Wh»t 
 other new conntry can offer such inducements, with as few drawbacks as Manitoba, 
 without fear of contra 4iction? I say NO ."<e! 
 
 Shoal Lake. Chas. Vinulav. 
 
 Came here in 1881, havintr $700.1^Today I am worth $.').00O. 
 Boissevaiu, Maa. 
 
 Jamks liAii;. 
 
w 
 
 > I 
 
 :«) 
 
 In i88:U started farriiiiig ill Muiiitol.i v.itti .^s-t/.WO. I irunv from IJiiiic, Oiiturio, 
 and am a taniu-r. 1 hav lion^c.iti-alf.i ;<'20 .ir^.-. tui inysi-.t' an.l as imiuh iiion- fi.inach 
 of my two KoiiK, attil this iw now all worth 81 "i an arc, all"ufTht.r wu liavc- ovur '_'0() 
 acres iu crop ami l"> Iioih-js ami cutl«j. U'hat art: moht waiitiMi arc g.Mui willin;,' nun 
 to till the fertile land ot chis coiiiitry. Tlr-i, w Ith iI-ti 8'i,0i'0 can l<iiy at om.-e and 
 soon l)eeome independent. 
 
 Deloraine. •'• I< ll>»'^^- 
 
 I liave 24 horses and catili', :{"J0 a Mc-N of land worth .'5"),000, iuul have I.SU uTeR in 
 crop. I am Jroni Kilmaiiagli, Kilkomiy '.'oKnty, Ireland, and ci I'e here in IMS'J. I 
 started with $1,000. I luiow all lielami, have heen in i-ln^land and in the .Southern 
 United State.", and i am satihtied Manituha in ah'.ad of them all for farndni,'. 
 
 Holland. \Vm. Tu()M1',sl».\. 
 
 I say to every man that in in deht on a rented farm that this ih the eou-itry for him. I 
 came heie in 18S1 in <lel)t, and now T am worth tuliy S7,000. 
 
 Fairfax, See. 18, Tp. G, Kge. 'JO. KobT. Fit/I'atjuck. 
 
 I came to Manitoba from Ontario in 18.S1, with a family of seven, and hid ihout 
 $1,500. I have now 230 acres bioken, four hordes lud 21 head of citclc. This is a 
 good district for cattle raising 1 would lathur live hme than iu Ontario. A rnan with 
 a little money will do better here than in any country 1 have ever been in. I have done 
 remarkably well since I came here, ami am well satistied. 
 
 Fairburn, P. 0., Man., Sec. 4, Tp. :^, K.^e. 10 S. Oke. 
 
 " I would nay to suitable people, wlio are able and \»illi'.it; to work, having some 
 capita!, say from !j<l,000.00 and upwards, there is a reasonable ehau<!e ot succ s.i ; but 
 what we want here is men oi energy, wiio will not hi di'-cuuragod with every little 
 thing which will, as a Ujatter of course, take place. We may expect to have a failure 
 of crops once in a while, . nd v.-huh is very di«h«!artening ; st|ill, not\vithstandirg, so 
 far as my experience goes, there is a much l<etter chance of success here ll.an in Eng- 
 land for men of the right stiimp. 1 c>»;iie from the north licling of the county of York, 
 £ngland, in the spring ut ISSJ, and after working oul foi a year or Ivii commenced 
 farming, an J vas fortunate t.o -^-cure a tirst-clai* h seccioti of laud, and have succeeded 
 very much better than I conld have hoped to do In the old country ; and allowing tor 
 all drawbacks, and we had quite a few at (irst, for want of radioans ami some bad 
 seasons, &c., still I have no uason to regret the step which I then toik, and. have no 
 idea of returning to live. My opinion of the country is favorable. In regard to our 
 particular section it is well suiteil to udxed farming, haviiig good water and a fair 
 supply of timber in thj immediate neinhborhooa, ami we are m reach of heavy timber. 
 There is no vacant land for homesteaii, JUt there Is some improved faruH for sale, as- 
 well as a large numVjer of otid se<'.tions We are tiear a r.dlroaii, hIso large flour null 
 and saw mill, school houses, post ottices, &c. 
 
 W. 1'. SroKtv. 
 
 Millwood, sec. 18, tp. 20, rge. 28. 
 
 I Liiow a laige nundier of farmers that cinic here a few yeais ago and are well oS 
 to-day, being well supplied with .stock and all necessary implements to work a farm 
 and are out of iebt. N'eepawa is .^tuated iu the county of Beautiful Plains, on the 
 slope of t>.j Riding Mountain. The mount lin shelters the plain from the northwest, 
 wind, fhus r uderinu it very free from irust. i'lij county li well watered by sprjig 
 streams from the mountain, and the mountain is very v.el' wooded - a good supply c an 
 always be had at i shct distance. \Vc expect to have r)'JO,000 bushels of wheat tO' 
 market here this year. I was the first person to have a farm in this township. 
 Neepawa. .Toiix Ckaw foiu>, M. P. P. 
 
 Came from Frontenac Co., Oni., and brought to the country S700. 11-^ oame in 
 June, '85. He has now 320 acres of land, and considers it worth $2,500. It i.s 3 miles 
 of Deloraine. He has $200 vorth of iuipleu.ents, 2 yoke oxen, 5 cows,, 14 hea I young 
 cattle; span horses; house, 10 x 24 ; granary, 10 x 24, and stables to hold 40 head of 
 
 stock. ANDUKW KlHIvWOOl) 
 
 Hartney p. o., 30, 5, 23. Came to Manitoba, April 2, 1882, from Haldiniand Co., 
 Ont.. and brought with him $205.0C. He has now 320 aeies of kud, 205 broken, 4r 
 oxen, 4 cows, 4 horse sand young stock, and §1,100.00 worth of implements and §300 
 worth of buildings. He is well satisfieil with the country. Laud worth $10 per acre. 
 
 McsKi* Calverlkv. 
 
 I' 
 
T!'r fcllnwiMn Irttri^ hoiii Mr. Il.ttlc. M. p. p.. fni' Turtl.' M.mn- 
 tain, will gi\f some uWn of ilic (listiict lyiii!; in Sontlicni Mnuitolia: 
 
 "Tilt) ckutonil district of 'I'uitle Moiintiiin is iyjii<.poai.'(l of townaliipu 1 to 6 
 iDcluHivH, ran,L(tM 19, 'JO, "Jl iuul "^i. The first S miles next tlio iutcrnational hoaiulary 
 is all woods, the Ixilanci of the county i-t tnostly .ill first-dass farming land, with the 
 exception of \\ hitr.watc'. hiki', whicli \a about 10 n)ilt-i lony and from ;{ to 4 miles 
 broad. The (>'. I'. 11. .siiUthwoHteru railroj.il runs throut;h township .'} the full length 
 of the county, and \v<! expect to h»vo the N. I'. Souria branch running through 
 township .') between now and fall; which will yive us ample rail'vay facilities. There 
 is plenty of i^ood water fir dig^in^ all thruu^h the county, and along the mountain in 
 township '2 and H ther*' are muncrous spring creeks condng out of the woods, part 
 running towards Whitewater lake and part of them forndnj,' the head of the Pembina 
 river. 
 
 The town of Boissevaui is nearly in the c».ntre oi the county. Although they had 
 a bad fire there lately it is rapidly building up again There is in courwc of erection a 
 large flouring ndll, size ."10 x 4!S, 48 feet high. It will bt- built ot solid stone and fitted 
 up with all the latest improved machinery. A largo solid stone hotel and asodd stone 
 store, 30 x GO. There is a fine sandston? (juarried within a mile of the town. They 
 are also building a school house, to be completed bv tiie 10th of August, 2G x 40, 2 
 stories. They expect to open an intermediate si hcol on the first of January. They 
 had 3 large eleyato.s here, hut one (Ogilvie's) got burncil down in the late fire ; but it 
 is understood they will build this summer again. Oui farmers on the whole are doing 
 well; with one; (jr two good crops they will l)e wt^U otF. There has been i large 
 amount of land sold in thi-s county thisi summer by the C. 1*. R. , X. W. L. Co., and H. 
 IJ. Lo. C. 1'. R. laid is selling at from §5.00 to !ii!l0.00 per acre ; N. W. L Co.'s lands 
 at $7.00 ; H. IJ Co.'s from SO.OO to .SS.OO, with from ti tn 10 years to pay for them ; 
 the C. P. R. giving the largest time. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 Jno. Hkttle. 
 
 Slioiild fiiiy otlit'i' inroniiiitioii I'r rc(|uirt'il on niiythiiig ivlating 
 to the C'ountiy, corrcsjioinleiice addicsscd to riic Ministei" of Aoj-ioul- 
 turc. \\ iniii))t'u-. Mniiitolm, oj- to Tin- liimiii.;rati<»ii Af>"t'iit tor Maiii- 
 tolia, Toioiito. Ontaiio. \\ill lie wclconio'l and ))roiii|)tiy attcudt'd to. 
 
 ('L()S1N(J K EM ARKS. 
 
 youn^ 
 iad of 
 
 As was stated at the outset there is no desi)-e to exaggerate or 
 iiii.slead. It is uudeniahle tluit gieat niisconceptioii exists i-egardiiig 
 tne country. In recianniending its excellence and meritorious (quali- 
 ties, it has (ji'ten heen extolled heyond the limit of fact. In deprecia- 
 ting it, givat exaggeration lias been iiuhilgecl. It is helieved that a 
 frank statement of fact will most cert-Miily attain the tlewire*!, end of 
 g.Teatly incieasing our population by immigi-ation. To give those 
 wdio have n«!ver been hei-e an accurate idea of the country, its resour- 
 ces, its present development arid future pi-ospects, exj)erience has 
 shown hopeless. If you ever come heie, you will understand the 
 difRcultv to which refereru j is made, Imt never till then. It is un- 
 <loubtedlya fact, that any one coming here i»'e])a)vd to work, and to 
 adapt himself or herself to the new surroumlings. 
 
 C.VNXOT FAIL, 
 
 if pe)'sorving and prudent, to improve. Jf you come liere i)repared to 
 make the ))est of whatever situation vou may find vourseli in, failure 
 
w 
 
 i f 
 
 i u. 
 
 1(3 
 
 is jiiMCticjilly ii'ijMissiitlf. Aiiil'^ siiccfss is mon' thmi I'casoii.alily ns- 
 «uro(I. If Hkmi you <I<'sir«' to 
 
 iMi'Kovi: v(»ri{ I'nr.MiNT i'(»siTr<>\, 
 
 oi" if \tm liiiM' II I'Tn'.viiM'' fiLinilv that must Itc i.khc or less <li'i't'n(loiit 
 upon you, yiui arc stroii.ifly rccoiimu'tulod an<l invited to couio here, 
 whf-rc c-M]>itiil (.'hMru'cs of iinprnN-ciiiciit will ]H'('S('iit tln'iiisi'lvcs nud 
 ani])l(' pi'o\-ision inay 1"' V);\'U' for your i-hildrru. If you ncccjit these 
 stnteineiits you will not listen to ov l>e [lersu'ideil Ity tht^ lales of 
 "l)urstei| lionuisters. " iior l>\' deceitful Yankee iiiuniefratioii ne'entH. 
 Residence in Manitoba ukmus the enjoyuient <>f a splendid, in\ieo)-a, 
 in_e- and honit liy climate, of lilu'ral hnvs allordinj^f ]>rote('tion to liiv 
 and pro])ci-ty, of 
 
 KDrcATFOXM. rA<'IMTli:s 
 
 of a hi,<;'h oi-dei". of church p)-ivilc;;'cs much nior<' coii-.pletc than 
 mi^jht l)e <'xpected in a pew countiy, of social advantafjes ordy Hunt- 
 ed l\v sparseness of po[ndntion, and of natuial resouires that p);omise 
 most 
 
 ORATirYIX<i KrXAVCIAL SUCCESS. 
 
 If you do not decide to deny yourself all the possible advantagen 
 Manitoba holds o\it to von we shall bo <TiiX(\ to welcome you to our 
 borders, and indulf]f(> tlu^ hope that you may speedily l)ecf>n)e one of 
 our most pr(vsperous citizens. 
 
 A PKAIKIK SCENE. 
 
r^''.iiff^