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Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad Impras- sion, or tha back covar vy?i» '^■■'«*tr«8P"*;«i!w»n V . y *;Sf % IT .-^■t*' >1 •>"!*>,•' ii^--»w» AN »^ oc . HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OPALLTHE VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD, ''*'K"Tf9f^' • r'i PERFOR MED BY ENGLISH NAVIGATORS; INCLUDING TH08B LATELY UNDERTAKEN By Order of his Present MAJESTY. THE WHOLE Faithfully ExtraAed from the Journals of the VOYAGERS. ] Anson, undertaken in Byron, Wallis, Carteret, 'Cook, And 1 740-4« J 764-66 I766-6S 1766-69 1768-71 Drake, undertaken in 1577-80 Cavendish, 1586-88 Cowley, 1683-86 Dampier, 1689-96 Cooke, 1708-11 Rogers, 1708-11 CLiPPERTONandl Shelvocke, / '719-22 TOGETHER WITH t That of Sydney Parkinson, Draftfman to Joseph Banks, Efq^ who circumnavigated the Globe with Capt.CooK,in his Majefty's Ship the Endeavour. The Voyage of Monf. Bougainville round the World, Performed by Order of the French King. Illaflrated with Maps, Charts, and Hiftorical Prints. In Four Volumes. To which is added. An A P PE N D I X. Containing the Journal of a Voyage to the North Pole, by the Hon. Com- modore PHIPPS, and Captain LUTWIDGE. VOLUME THE FIRST. '■I ' ■■ —————— III ■— B^pr I m LONDON: Printed for F. N b w b e R v, the Corner of St. Paurs Church-Yard. MDCCLXXIV. ■1 If •*i-*>aK.fi«r--_-., iisr- ■« •Aftifcitet^:-.'.;'^.. i il i| ' ,jiatfcat.«t Ki-i.i . iiit <• ''t.~^i »* "■ *l| .I W H ii^ W lil^ll i I Q THE INTRODUCTION. PR E V 1 U S to our entering upon the de- tail of the difcoveries and adventures of the Knglilh navigators who have furrounded the globe, it may, perhaps, afford fome entertain- ment to the curious reader, to be made ac- quainted with the firft fteps that led to fo bold an undertalcing, and with the characters of thofe happy geniufes, who not only conceived the plan, but contributed not a little by their example to facilitate the execution. We are told that the fhadow feen in the moon in the time of her eclipfe, firft pointed out to the early navigators the true figure of the earth ; and that, from this fimple obferva* tion, Columbus, by revolving it in his mind» deduced the pofTibility of paiTing round its fur- face, or, to fpeak with more precilion, of fail* ing from one fide of the continent to the other ; for as yet one great continent, and one great ocean, with their appendages, were thought to compofe the whole material world. Full of this idea, he was naturally led to con- clude, that, by failing in a dired courfe from any given point of land on one fide, he muft of neceOity arrive at another point of land in the fame parallel on the oppofite fide, provided his b peo- o If ! I: !l li i I- '1 ■J ii INTRODUCTION. provifions were proportioned to the voyage, and no accident from tempefts or (liipwreck inter- vened to interrupt his progrefs. It was on this obvious principle thatColunibus founded the cer- tainty of his dilcovery ; the infallibility of which ferved to lupport his hopes, when abfolute def- pair had feized the greateft part of his followers. It is true, that, though the figure of the earth was in ef}*ed conceived, yet its dimenfionswere wholly unknown : but as the road over-land to the eaftern coails of the continent was no fecret, Columbus was perfuaded chat a paflage by fea by a weflern courfe, if no intermediate lands prevented, would afTuredly bring him to the fame coaRs. From his knowledge, there- fore, of the pofition of thofe countries, from whence the rich produ£tions of the Eatt were circulated through all the kingdoms of the Weft, he was led to fteer, Brft, a fouth-weft, and then a diredt well courfe, which brought him among thofe broken fragments of the weftern continent, which he at fird miftook for the iflands of the Indian Ocean, and to the richeft of which he imtigiried another Voyage would certainly open a paffage. '• - -•» '--.»'^ -^ - > , The difcdvery being once made, the principle upon' which it' waff gWunded could ho longer be cbncealed. "thdk belonging to the naval de- partment about the Court of Spain, who had been moft violent in oppoling tlie undei-taking, as appearing to them in no better light than as tlie INTRODUCTION. HI the vifionary conceit of Ibme crack brained pro- jcdlor, now aflumcd another tone, and afftrded to fpcak of it as a difcovery that required no extraordinary talents to accompliih •, that it was not the refult of fcience, but a thing that muft follow of courfe to the firft adventurer ; and that it was fortunate for Columbus that he could prevail upon their Majefties to furnifh the means to undertake it, as with fucli encouragemen there were not wanting officers in the royal navy much better qualified to have conduced the enterprize, tho* by his unparalleled aflurance he had obtained the preference. In this flight and contemptuous manner it was the humour at court to fpeak of the new difcovery; and though Columbus, after his return, was for a while carefled by the Royal Family, yet the frtquent repetition of thele indignities could not fail in time to lefTen the idea of the merit of a man who had no advocate to fupport his credit but the evidence of his own fuperior abi- lities. At a court- entertainment, however, to which he was invited, an incident happened that contributed not a little to heighten his charadler, and mortify his enemies. The conyerfation at table turned, as was ufual, upon the importance of the new difcovcries ; and though all feemed to 9gree, that the advantages would be immenfe that muft inevitably refult to Spain, yet little they thought was due to the firft difcoverer, becaufe any ordinary feaman, by keeping his (hip's he^ to the weft ward, muft have fallen in b 9 with !i ij iv INTRODUCTION. vf'ith the fatne countries. Columbus, without feeming to regard their difcourfe, when dinner was over, and the table uncovered, called for an egg, and twirling it about with his hand, as if by way of amufement, alked if any of the company could make that egg (land upon its little end without additional fupport. The company, after trying their (kill, pronounced the thing im^ foffible \ when Columbus, taking it again in his hand, and bruifing the (hell a little at bottom with his nail, produced it upon the table {land- ing upright. The company all fell a-laughing, and one cried out, that any fool could do as much as that. I doubt not, replied Columbus, but any of you may do it, now you have feen it done ; and lb may any niiferable pilot in the navy fail to the Indies, now that I have pointed out the track •, but till the ifTue had (hewn it practicable, addrelTing himfelf to the naval gen- tlemen, that, too, you pronounced an impojftble thing. The King and his royal confort, parti- cularly the latter, were highly pleafed when they were told this ftory, admiring the promptnefs of a mind which, ever colleded, neither malice nor envy could difconcert. Other navigators equally enterprizing, tho* lefs fagacious, were now inflamed with the de- fire of immortalizing their names by new under- takings i fo that it is no wonder that the bud- nefs of difcovery went rapidly on for a fucceed- ing century. It was in 1492 that Columbus made his firfl: s expe- INTRODUCTION. y expedition to the Bahama 1 (lands; and in 149^, John Cabbot, in the fervlce of England, difco- vcred the continent of North America. Columbus, in his firft voyage, had not yet conceived the idea of a double continent, but believed, as we have already noted, that he had difcovered a paflage by fea to thofe iflands in the Eaft that were already known by the name of the Ealt Indies; in conformity to which he gave to the iQands that he difcovered the appellation of the fVeli Indies^ which they retain to this day. In 1493, having made a iecond voyage, and carried his difco veries confiderably farther to the South, it is faid, he received fome faint notions of a lea beyond a great land, by which the iflands he had firft difcovered were bounded ; but it was not till after his third voyage in 1497, that he attained a fight of that continent which Cabbot had difcovered the year before. It may fee n, Irom what has juft been faid, that the eallerh paflage to the Indian Ocean had been difcovered by the Portuguefe ; and that the Eaft Indies were known to that people be- fore this weftern difcovcry by Columbus : but, though feveral journies by land had been made, with a view to the opening an advantageous commerce with the eaftern countries, by Portu- guefe Ambafladors well inftrudcd in the Ara- bian language, by whofc addrcfs fome progrefs had been made in that bufmefs, yet it was not till 1495 that Bartholomew Diaz doubled the Cape of Good Hope, nor till the year 1497 I f i t II (ii I'H Hf; i ! vi INTRODUCTION. (the fame year that the American continent was difcovered by Cabbot), that Don Vafquez dc Gama, by fteering the neareft courfe, paffed the Cape, which Diaz had difcovered, and failed into the Indian Ocean, where he afterwards made confiderable conquefts, and by his pru- dent management very fuddenly diverted the current of Indian commerce into an entire new channel. The notion, theiefore, that Columbus borrowed his idea of a weftern palTage from the difcoveries made by the Portuguefe towards the Bad, is ill founded. Thefe lad had, indeed, made a confiderable progrefs in their difcoveries by land ; but the paiTages to the Eaftern and Wef* tern Indies by fea were difcovered about the fame time, without the lead connection or intelligence between the refpe(5live difcoverers. And here we cannot help entering our proted againd the honour afcribed to Columbus by Mr. Campbell, and other judicious naval hidorians, as being the fird circuninavigator, becaufe, as Mr. Camp- bell obferves, •* it was his [Columbus's] opinion, *' that there was a padage from the North Sea •• into the South, and from thence it might be «' very poffible to fail to the Ead indies." — — . That it was the opinion of Columbus, that there was a wedern pafTage to the Ead Indies is rea-> dily granted ; it was his original idea : but that there was a paflfage from the Ead Indies to Eu- rope, without returning the fame way he went, he could have no conception of, till after the paflage by the Cape of Good Hope was difco- vered INTRODUCTION, vii vered by the Portuguefe, Had he dreamt of an eaftern pafTage by fea to the Eaft Indie % he would moft certainly have preferred it to a wef- tern paifage, becaufe it might have been per- formed without lofing fight of land ; and there- fore, with much lefs rifque than by launching into an immenfe unknown ocean, of which no one could tell the extent. But his notion was, that the earth; like a bowl, inclofed the fea, and that it could only be traverfed from fide to fide by water, and then from ihore to (hore by land. Many irrefragable proofs of his having no con- ception of failing round the globe might be ad- duced; but that of his returning the fame way back a fecond time, without his knowing for cer- tainty, or believing there was any other fea to fail upon, or having even determined the extent of that fea on which he had already ventured fo far, may ferve without farther proof to convince the intelligent reader, that Columbus had never thought of but one fea when he undertook his difcovery, and that that fea was only to be cfoffcd from Weft to Eaft, and vice verfd. But to proceed: — Soon after the eailern paf- i^ge to the Indies was laid open, the coaft of Brazil, oppofite to the Cape of Good Hope, was difcovered by Cabrai, a Portuguefe pilot, who was driven out of his courfe by ftrefs of weather. The fame coaft was likewife difco* vered the fame year by Yannez Pinion, who commanded a carvel that accompanied Colum- bus in his Brft expedition to the Weft Indies. This man contefted the honour of the firft dif- covery I f t L :tii V. viii INTRODUCTION. covery with Columbus, and infifted that it was through his perfeverance alone that land was de- fcried, the crew of Columbus having abfolutely determined to fleer back before the difcovery took place. Be that as it may, this able mariner afterwards examined the coaft from the Bay of Mexico to the Equinoctial Line, and, in the year 1500, difcovered the great river of Ama- zons, which it was thought would have opened a paiTage to the South Sea. In 1502, Columbus made his fourth and lad: expedition, when he fully fatisfied himfelf, that the ifiands he had difcovered were totally dif- conneded from thofc he went in queft of, and that another continent exifted befides that which was known to Europeans. He was (till, how- ever, of opinion, that a weftern paffage to the old continent from the new would be practi- cable, whenever a way was found to the Great Sea by which it was furrounded : and now it is not at all improbable but that he might fortel what afterwards came to pafs, that one day or other the whole globe might be circumnavigat* ed, though he did not live to fee it executed. In 1509, the Portuguefe firft found the way to Sumatra, and from thence extended their difco- veries to the Moluccas. About this time a conteft arofe between the Spaniards and Portuguefe, concerning the right of poffcfling countries, to which neither of them had any other claim than that of being the firlt Europeans who happened to land upon their coalts : a claim of the fame kind his Otaheitean Majcfty INTRODUCTION. 13^ Majefty may pretend to the weftern part of Eu- rope, his fubject Aotourou being the firli Tro- pical inhabitant from the S. Sea that ever fet foot on that continent. This contefl:^ however, th£ Pope took upon him to decide ; and, to prevent the bloody confeqoenccs that might enfue be- tween two fuch powerful competitors, he pub* iifhed a bull, which, at that time of blind obe- dience, was held decifr"?, decreeing, that what«* ever difcoveries were made to the weftward {hould belong to Spain, and fuch as were made to the eaftward, to Portugal. This feemed for awhile to content both parties ; but, in 1520, Ferdinand Magellan, or Magellhanes, as Mr. Dalrymple afFeds to call him, having made his famous difcovery to the Molucca Iflands by a hew paflTage, the conteft was again revived, and the competitors claimed a fecond time the Pope's interpofition to fettle the limits of their refpec- tive claims by more precife and determinate boundaries. The claims of the Spaniards were now extended to near three parts of the globe ; and thofe of the Portuguefe, which by a falfe reprefentation had been much diminifhed, were now to be reftored, or rather regulated by a more exadt flandard. The two contending powers were to divide the globe between them, by what was then lliled a line of demarkacion. This line was to cut the globe into two hcmi- fpheres, and was to be acknowledged ?i firli me- ridian : all the difcoveries in the weftern hemi- fphere were to belong to Spain \ and all in the c eaftern i-illi ¥ X INTRODUCTION. eadern to Portugal. But flill there arofe a dif- pute about the precife fpot where this meridian line fhould be fixed. By the Pope's bull it had been placed loo leagues to the weft ward of St. Antonio, one of the illands of Cape Verde; but, by this new regulation, it was removed 270 leagues farther to the weft. This alter?., tion was intended to deprive Portugal of the poirenion of the Moluccas 5 but the Portugucfe pilots were not to be thus deceived : they fuf- fered the line of demarkacion to be fixed -, but, when it was finally determined, they infifted on their right to the Moluccas, as ftill within their limits, and future obfervations have fince con- firmed their claims. But, notwithftanding the juftice of their claims (if juftice can at all be admitted to cxift in cafes of ufurpation), the Spaniards held the Moluccas till 1529, when the Portugucfe purchafed an exclufive right of trading to them by a loan of 350,000 ducats. But to return from this digreffion : We have already obferved, that the coaft of Brazil, and the river of Amazons, was firft difco- vered by Yannez Pinfon, in 1500 ; but it was not till twelve years afterwards that John de Solis dilcovered the river Plate. In 1513* Vafco Nunez de Bilboa got fight of the Great South Sea, from the mountains of Pancas in the province of Panama ; and from that time Ferdinand Magellan, a Portugucfe officer, conceived the defign of furrounding the globe, by finding a paflage by which he might enter ! ; IV * < of of the she INTRODUCTION. xi fntcr that fea. He now began to confider the earth as divided into two concinents, with their concomitant feas ; and, as a promontory was found, by the doubling of which one con- tinent might be vifited on both fides, he made no doubt but that another promontory exifted, by which the other might be vifited in like man- ner. Perhaps the idea of a llrait might not at firft ftrike his mind, till the opening at Cape Virgin fuggefted it. His original thought was to coaft along to the fouthward, as the land trended •, and by perfeverance, he perfuad- cd himfelf, that a boundary would be found, by which the land of the new continent would be terminated, though he did not, nor could not then afcrertain to what height it might reach. He had in view a nearer way to the Moluccas than that by the Cape of Good Hope -, and he at firft imparted his views to the Minifters of his Court, who, probably fufpefting that by fuch a pafiage the right to the Moluccas might be brought in quell ion by Spain, treated his projeft -with a contemptuous negleft. To a man full of the importance of fuch a difcovery, nothing could bip more mortifying. He deter- mined, fince he was fo coolly received at home, to try his fortuj;!^e abroad. For this purpofe he repaired to the court of Spain, where, after making himfelf known to the leading Minifter, he undertook to prove the Moluccas, and other rich ifiands then reputed in the Eaft, to be within the Spanilh line of ^markacion to the c 2 Weft, it :!i,; fi; / J it I Hi! • hi! %n INTRODUCTION. Weft, and by a new paflfage to them he engag- ed to confirm the truth of what he advanced inconteftibly. Thefe propofitions, after being properly exa- mined, and approved by the ablclt ailronomers and geographers at that time in Spain, was ea- gerly embraced by the Emperor Charles the l^'ifth, an enterprising Prince, who then held the kingdom, and who gave him audience in the council -chamber «t Saragofla, and conferred upon him, and his companion Ruy Falero, the order of St. Jago, both of whom his Imperial Majefly honoured with the title of his Captains, This encouragement, and thefe honours, could not fail to alarm the Court of Portugal ; but all the interefl andoppofition which Alvaro de Acafto, the Portuguefe AmbaCTador, could make, had no effedl *, the preparations for the voyage were profecuted with more than ordi- nary diligence, and five (hips were foon got in r-eadinefs to put to fea. But, previous to their fetting fail, a difference 9rofe concerning the neceflfary forms of com^ mand, which had well nigh ruined the voyage before it was undertaken 5 the honc-ir of carry^ Ing the royal (landard was contefted by Ruy Falero, and fome other indignities were offered to Magellan on account of his country. " Thefe, however, were redrelTed by the interpofition of the imperial authority^ Ruy Falero was per- fuaded to fufpend his departure on account of t^is health, and Magellan wa? declared General I 1^ T R O D U C T I O N. ••• xiu of the fquadron, which was now committed to his fole diredion. On the loch of Augud, iQig, this little fleett confiding of the Admiral's 0iip ; the St. Anto- nio, Capt. Juan de Cartagena, Vice- Admiral; the Vidoria, Capt. Luys de Mendofa, Rear- Admiral ; the St. Jago, Cape. Juan Rodriguez Serrano ; and the Conception, of which Gafper de Quezada was Mailer; left Cadiz, and pro* ceedcd to TenerifF, from whence they took their departure, on the 2d of September, and on the 13th of December arrived at Rio de Janeiro, on the coaft of Brazil, where they ftaid till the 27th J and, after being plentifully fup- plied with all nccefTary rcfrefhments at a very moderate price, they weighed anchor, and con-, tinued their voyage, in the courfe of which much difcontent arofe concerning the track they were to fteer 1 but on Eafter evening they entered St. Julian river, and were next day or- dered on ihore by the General to hear mafs. Three of the Captains refufed to obey \ namely^ Luys de Mendo^a, Gafper de Quezada, and Juan de Cartagena, this laft being already in arrelt for dirrefpe(51: to his General. Their difobedience put Magellan on his guard. He perceived that the majority both of officers and men were averfe to the under- taking, and that a general murmuring prevailed throughout the whole fquadron. Only a few trufty friends were ready to fupport their Ge- neral, and willing to follow wherever he Ihould lead, ll hi .1 xiv INTRODUCTION. lead. The weather was now fet in very fevere, and the Spaniards, unufed to the rigour of fuch a climate, were hardly to be redrained. They re- prefented the inutility of proceeding, as they were already in a climate too boifterous and inclement to be navigated by Spaniards ; that it could never be the Emperor's intention to fa- crifice the lives of his fubjedis, without the leaft profpei^ of advantage to the State ; and that now it was manifeft, though the difcovery were certain, the navigation would be impracticable, and therefore ufelefs. To thefe reprefentations and others more full of afperity, Magellan coolly made anfwer, " that he was determined <' to die rather than return back ; that he ihould *' pafs the winter where he then was j and that ** neither provifions nor wine (hould be want- ing to thofe who would be contented with a moderate allowance ; but that if any perfifled, *' in fpreading difcontents, and encouraging dif- ** obedience, he knew how to punifh as well as ** to reward." Barros fays, that the three Captains Caria* gena^ ^uezada^ and Mendofa^ confpired together to kill Magellan, and to return and make their report of the ufage they had met with, and the hardfhips they liad endured in the voyage ; but Magellan, confidering the danger, and that in certain circumftances temerity is better than caU' iioHi ordered the people of his own ihip to arms ; and, manning his boat with thirty trufty friends, he clapt the Victoria aboard ; and while Men- do(a cc cc INTRODUCTION. xv du^a was reading a letter dire^led to him from the General, the meffengcr that delivered it Itabbed him to the heart. — The moment the order was executed, the thirty men entered to the afliftance of the afTafTm, and quietly took pofTefTion of the fhip. This done a council of war was called, and a confpiracy was deteded, in ^hich more than forty of the principal peo- ple on board the feveral (hips were found to be deeply concerned i but Magellan, that he might not appear too fanguinary or vindi£iive, fen- tenced ^ezada only to be executed, and Car^ tagena to be left on (hore, accompanied by a French Prieft ; a punifhment that probably was worfe than immediate death, as it fubjefted the criminals to hardships, which inftant execution would have prevented. Mendo^a andQuezada, he ordered to be quartered as traitors, to flrike the difafFedled with the greater terror. This put an end to all oppofition for the prefent. When the winter months drew towards a con- clufion, Magellan was vigilant to haften the departure of his fleet ; and, as foon as the cold abated, he difpatched Serrano to coail along the Ihore to make obfervations. Serrano, at about twenty leagues didance, found a river a league broad at the entrance, which he named St. Cruz, becaufe he fell in with it on that Saint's day. In examining this river, and in fifhing for feals, he fpent fix days, at the end of which a furious florm arofe, which fplit his fails, and drove his fhip on ihore, where (he bulged, and was beaten to i >l I) 4i xvi INTRODUCTION. to pieces. The crew, however, were faved, but reduced to the lad extremity for want of food. Two of the company undertook to travel over land, to give the General notice of the mifcrable fituation of their fellow fufFcrers •, and, after 1 1 days fatigue, they at length I'urmounted every difficulty, and accompiiibed their purpofe. Ma- gellan, pitying their dillrefles, fent a velTel with provifions, which came feafonably to their relief. The time for failing being now come, and the (hips in readinefs, they left the bay of St. Julian on the 24th of Auguft, 1 520, after fetting Juan de Cartagena, and Pedro Sanchez de Rc- vora, the Prieft, 'who was alio found deep in the plot, aftiore on that defolate coaft. They fup- plied them plentifully with bread and wine -, but as they were never afterwards heard of, there can be no doubt of their periQiing miferably. The fqiuidron, confiding now of four ihips* kept coaiting along to the fouthward, with immi- nent danger of (hipwreck,. till towards the latcer end of Odober, when they fell in with a pro- montory, which the General named Cape Vir- gin, becaufe it was difcovcred on St, Urfula*s- day. This Cape opened an inlet, which Ma* gellan judged favourable to his defign. He caft anchor at the entrance of the inlet, and or- dered two (liips to examine its courfe. In five days thefe ihips returned, and one of them affirmed it was a ft rait, becaufe the flood was greater than the ebbj the other reported that they INTRODUCTION, xvii they faw nothing but inlets at. J breakers. The General, on thcle different relations determined to fail into the opening, in order to bt nnore precifely informed. He acrordingly weighed, and came ro an anchor in a commodious bay, where he firfl: fcnt his (kiff with lo men to re- connoitre the ihore, and then the St. Antonio to trace out the inlet to a certain didance. "When the men returned from the Ihore, they faid, they had found a burying>place with more than 200 graves, and had feen the (keleton of a whale in a cove upon the beach, but had feen neither houfe nor inhabitant. The Captain of the St. Antonio on his return gave a more flat* tering account. He faid, he had followed the inlet for more than 50 leagues ; that its courfe was due ead and well ; and chat he made not the lead doubt but that it was the palTage fo much defired. This news was received with repeated acclamations. A council was called of the chief officers and pilots, in which a very warm debate arofe, whether, in the circumftances the (hips were then in, it were better to return to Spain, having obtained the main obje6b of the voyage, or to proceed to complete what the General had undertaken to perform, name- ly, to trace out a weftern pafTage to the Molucca Iflands. Eflevan Gomez, the pilot of the St. Antonio, a man of excellent parts and found judgment, infilled on returning back, and bringing another fquadron to complete the dif. covery, alledging, that they had (till a great d and Mr ;* i: III' xviii INTRODUCTION. and unknown fea to pafs, and that, if either tempcfts or calms intervened to retard their paflage over it, the whole fleet mud inevitably perifti. His opinion was fupported by the whole council, Magellan only excepted, who declared, that, if he were fure to be reduced to the neceflity of eating the hides that covered the yards, he would perfcvcre in the difcovery. He accordingly gave orders for weighing an- chor immediately •, and, proceeding down the flrait, fenc the Antonio to examine fome inlets that promifed a nearer paflage to the main ocean than that they were purfuing •, but the pilot Gomez, and the purfer Guerra, feized and ftabbed Alvara de Mefquita, the Commander, and carried home the fhip. In the mean time, Magellan fuppoflng fome difaller had befallen Tier, went himfelf in purfuit of her ; but after fix days fruitlefs fearch, he determined to con- tinue his voyage j ** and it pleafcd God, fays my " author, that, at the end of twenty days, he •' entered into the Great South Sea, and was ** the fii ft who had found the pafTage fo much fought after, whereby the memory of this tx^ cellent Captain (hall be eternally celebrated." Finding that the land trended northwards, Magellan diredted his courfe accordingly, that he might as foon as poflible clear thofe cold and dreary coafts that had caufed fo much mur- muring among the mariners, and fo much ca- |)alling among the officers ; but before he reached the Tropic he met with mof): tempef* tuQ^S! (( <( INTRODUCTION. »x tuous weather, by which the three remaining Chips were very much fhattered in their fails and figging* In this pafTage they difcovered two uninhabited idands, St. Pedro and Tiburon, about the fituation of which mariners are ftill divided ; and it has been quedioncd, whether cither of them have fince been feen. As they approached the Line, they found the. wind to Hand fair. Magellan then ordered the fhips to change their courfe, and fteer N, W« and W. N. W. till he reached the Line. Harris takes notice that it was on the 28th of December when Magellan entered the Great South Sea, and that in this wide ocean the fhips that accompanied him failed three months and twenty days without feeing any other land than the two iflands juft mentioned, which af- forded them no refrelhment. At length, when they had undergone all the miferies that human nature is capable of fuftaining, from hunger^ chirflr, and ficknefs, they fell in with the Ladrone iflands, where they landed *, but where the in* habitants were fuch thieves that they were in fear left their fhips fhould be pulled to pieces and carried away before their faces, the crews not having ftrength enough left to defend either their lives or their properties. They therefore fhortened their ftay among thefe plunderers i and were more fortunate in their next attempt. On the loth of March, landing on theifland ofZamal, they found fprings of delicate water, which to them were more precious than foun* d 2 tairs XX INTRODUCTION.' !• t Jf ; sr: 1 1 " 1 (> I il II I || I i 1; 1 I I fl'i tains of the choiceft wines ; fruit in abundance, that furpaifed any they had till then tailed ; and inhabitants humane and civil, who, pitying their diftrefles, brought their richeft produ«3lions to relieve them. From this idand they continued to fteer between tlic weft and fouth-weft, till they arrived at Buthuan, or, as it has fince been called, Buton, the King of which gave them honourable entertainment. They vifited feveral other ifles, and in all of them were well received j till at length coming to the lOeof Mathan, they were attacked by an army of Indians^ againfl: whom the General himfelf being engaged was ihot with a poifoned arrow, and afterwards pierced in the head with a lance } and thus ended the life and adions of this gallant Com- mander, whofe name will be perpetuated with honour to lateft poderity. After his death, a company of his followers being invited to an entertainment on (hore, were treacheroufly mur- dered by a pretended friendly King, and only Don Juan Serrano, of all who landed, was re- ferved alive, in order to procure a large fupply of fire-arms and ammi lition by way of ranfom • but thofe who remaii d on board, fearful of being trepanned, would have no farther inter- courle with the perfidious infidels i fo that poor Serrano was left to their mercy. Thofe on board the (hips, 8o in number, directed their courfe towards the Moluccas, and arrived at Teridore, one of the principal of thofe iilands, on the 8th of November, 1521. Here theyi were INTRODUCTION, xxi Mwre hofpitably received, and here they (laid tiU the middle of January, 1522 ; and, being now conie into well-known Teas, we fliall ac- company them no farther; only remarking, that, of the whole iquadron only one (hip^ namely the Viftoria, had the good fortune to return to Spain j and of 234 officers and fea- men, the complement at firft fetting out, if we except thofe who returned in the St. Antonio, of whom we have no account, only 13 Spa- niards furvived to return to Seville. Their Commander John Sebaftian Cano was received "with extraordinary marks of favour by the Em- peror, who gave him for arms the Terreftrial Globe, with this motto, Primus me circumdedif- iiSf and otherwife liberally rewarded him. The voyage he lived to make took up three years and thirty-feven days, and is, perhaps, the moft rema rkable that ever was performed. This voyage opened a new field for di(co- very : the Spaniards, who were already fettled on the weftern coafts of America, were very curious to examine what countries might be fituated along that vaft fpace which divided the new continent from the old } and accordingly Cortez, the celebrated conqueror of Peru, fitted out two fhips for the purpofe, the command o£ one of which he gave to Ferdinand Grijalva, the other to Don Alvarado. Grijalva departed from Pageta, in 6 deg. N. ]at. about the beginning of April, 1537, and fleered W. and S. W. into 29 deg. S. lat. where his t ir fi ii'i' it III' if' I xxii INTRODUCTION; his (hip fpringing her maft, he flood again to the Line, in which tradt a mutiny happening among the crew, Grijalva and his nephew were both af- faflinated ; and the (hip, after a pafTage of four months, was carried to Papua, where falling to pieces, the crew, reduced by famine and fatigue to feven men, tooic to their boat and coafted along the (hore, till being boarded by a num- ber of Indians, it was funk. The Spaniards, however, were faved by the humanity of the captors, and fold for (laves. This (hip, it is affirmed, failed looo leagues on both fides the Line without feeing land. Among the idands, however, which they afterwards fell in with be- fore they came to Papua, was that called Ifladelos Fefcadores, called in the late voyages Byron's Island, and fuppofed to be a new difcovery^. Alvarado was indrudled to purfue his difco- veries along the Line, without deviating either to the right or left, farther than the mod ad- vantageous method of navigating his (hip re- quired ; and in that diredion he difcovered the iflands of Papua. He alfo difcovered other iflands, named the Guelles, in i deg. N. lat. ead: and weft from Teronate, and 125 leagues from that of More, with Hamei, 1 70 leagues from Tidore, and many others that have (ince been thought new difcoveries. After his return, he was again employed upon fervices of the like kind, and was inftrumental in e(tabli(hing the |ri(de of Manilla. But INTRODUCTION. xxVii But of all the Spani(h difcoveries that have been made, or pretended to have been made, in the South Seas, that of Juan Fernandez, who firft pointed out the way from Lima to Chili by failing to the weftward, if reaU is by far the moft important. This pilot, (the fame who difcovered the idand which ftill bears his name) in the latitude of 40 deg. S. was brought, as ic is faid, in courfes between weft and fouth-weft» upon the coaft of a continent, from what he could judge, very fertile and delightful, inha* bited by white people, hofpitable, and well- difpofed, of a middle ftature, drelTed in veiy fine cloaths, and fo peaceable and civil, that, in every way they could exprefs, they endeavoured to gratify the ftrangers, and to accommodate them with the beft things their country afforded* the fruits whereof were excellent and abound* ing in the greateft profulion. It is added, that, being over-joyed with having difcovered the coaft of that great continent fo much talked of, ^nd fo ardently fought after, he returned to Chili, intending to make a fecond voyage properly fit- ted out to improve this fortunate difcovery to his own and his country's enrichment ; but be- fore he could perfuade his friends to give entire credit to his report, he died, and the fecret of the precife fituation of his new continent perifh- ed with him, for it has never fince been found } though Mr. Alexander Dairy mple, author of an Hiftorical Colledion of Voyages to the Soutli Pacific Ocean, whofe opinion is of no fmall weight, .'< 'i Ifil ■I, ;■'! If: il .Vt xxiT INTRODUCTION. iK^eight, is perfuaded that Fernandez did dilco ver the Southern Continent, and that, when- ever it is again vifited, it will be no new difco- very, but a confirmation of the exigence of that land which has already been found. But, befides this dubious difcovery, there is ftill another, which has not yet been clearly af- certained, and about which geographers are much divided. This difcovery is attributed to Alvaro Mendana, who, in 1567, isfaid to have fallen in with a duller of idands abounding with gold and pearl, which were named by him the Ifles of Salomon ; and for the fettling of which an unfuccefsful attempt was made by Mendana himfelf ; and a fecond ftrongly folicited by Pedro Fernandez de Quiros, the chief pilot who accompanied that General, and who afterwards made a voyage thither on his own account, ia ivhich he made many difcoveries. It was in April, 1595, that Mendana left Callao, in Peru, to fettle the Salomon ifks. He had with him two large ihips, a galleafta, and a frigate, on board of which were embarked from Lima 400 followers, including women and children. Of this embarkation Lope de la Vega, his brother-in-law, was Admiral ; Pedro Fernandez de Quiros, chief pilot •, and Pedro Merino Manriquez, Maitre de Campo. Ac* cording to Figueroa, who wrote an account of this voyage, the Admiral's (hip was named the St. Ifabella; Mend^na's fhip, the St. Jerome, the galleafta, St. Pi 'ppej and the frigate, St. Catalina % Iro I of Ihe INTRODUCTION, xxv Catalina : of the two lail the Commanders were Capt. Philip Corfo, and Lieut. Alonzo de Leyla. In this expedition Mendana was ac* companied by his Lady Donna Ifabella Barre- tos, with her three brothers ; and, after parting company with the Admiral's Ihip the very night they came in fight of the ifland on which they fettled, Mendana call anchor in a bay which he called la Graciofa^ and the idand he named Santa Cruz. Here, on the 8[h of Oftober, the Maitre dc Campo, and Thomas de Ampuero, were hanged, and Enfign Jean de Buy beheaded, for mutinous behaviour •, and here Mendana him- felf died the i8th of the fame month. Don Lorenzo, brother to Donna Ifabella, who, by the lofs of the Admiral, had fucceeded as Captain- General, died alfo on the adof NoveHiberjand, in lefsthan feven days after. Father Antonio de Serrai Chief Prieft, and Juan de Efpinofa, his Vicar. In fhort, fiom change of climate, food, and cuftoms \ from labour, going in the fun, being wet without having wherewithal to fliift themfelves, fleeping on the ground, and from other diforders and fufferings, dangerous dif- eafes attacked the whole company *, they began to die a-pace, it being lamentable to fee them in their dillrefs creeping into huts, fome delirious, and others at the la(l gafp ; fome going to the fhips to feek health*, others (hifting from the (hips . to the (here ; but no remedy, nor any phyfician to apply to for relief. In this calamitous ftate things were, when Donna Ifabella, on the i8th e of n I i 1' "11 'illl B 3:; ■!|;l ,!■ ir; ■Mi.l)l I ;' 'I li' li i I! 111 !| xxvi INTRODUCTION. of 0«5lober, broke up the fcttlement; and em- barking the few people that remained alive, on board the St. Jerom,e, the frigate, and the gal- leafta, they fet fail, intending to purfue their courfe to Manilla : but the frigate foon loft com- pany, and, it is laid, was afterwards found on a defart coaft with all her fails fet, and the people on board dead and rotten i and the galleafta put into an ifland near the coaft of Mindanao. The St. Jerome, however, after fufferingunfpeakable hardfhips, got to Manilla, where Donna Ifa- bella married Don Ferdinando de Caftro, and returned in his (hip to New Spain the very next year. The Admiral's (hip was never heard of.— Thus ended this unfortunate expedition. The ifland of Santa Cruz, in which this fettlement was attempted, is faid to be loo Itagues in circumference, and to lie E. S. £• and W. N. W. in lat. lo deg. 20 min. S. dif- tant from Lima 1800 leagues. They caft an- chor on the north fide of it, in a harbour, to the north of which is a volcano, or burning moun- tain, that from its top frequently cafts forth fire, and from the infide of which proceeds a noife . fometimes louder than thunder. To the weft of the harbour is a fmall ifland about four leagues in compafs, feparated from the g^eat ifland by funken rocks and banks of fand. The port is formed at the bottom of the bay by a great ri- ver, and the country round it is fine and plenti- ful. A more exafl: defcription than this, one would think, could not have been given. ' - Quiros, INTRODUCTION, xxvii Quiros, who navigated Donna Ifabella, firft to Manilla, and afterwards accompanied her to New Spain, was fo charmed with the beautiful appearance of thefe enchanting iflands, that he continued for the fpace of ten years inceflantly to weary the Court of Spain with memorial af- ter memorial to renew the fettlcment of them ; and at length he prevailed. Previous to his voyage, he fpent fcveral months in building two (hips and a zebra, the ftouteft and belt equipped with men, provifions, and warlike ftores, of any that had ever been fitted out in New Spain. He was accompanied by fix Fran- cifcan Fathers, with whom he took his depar- ture on the 2 1 ft of December, 1 605 -, and fail- ing without any material incident till the 26tK of January 1606, he on that day fell in with an ifland to the Ibuth-weft, juft 1000 leagues from the coaft of Peru, in lat. 25 deg. S. which iQand he unluckily found uninhabited. From this ifland he failed on different courfes, palfing feve- ral inaccefliblc iflands, till the loth of February, on which day a failor joyfully cried out, Land a^bead ! Here, on their landing, they furprized a woman, but fo old in appearance, that it was matter of aftonifliment that flie could fland up- right, in her youthful days it was eafy to per- ceive that flie had been of a graceful mien, and flie ftill retained a dignity abour her that (hew- ed flie was of quality. Being aflced by figns to go on board, (he complied without hefitatk>n ; and when there, (he eat of whatever was igiven e 2 her, l.m |i '; !' i il' f' ll'l fi.i fll ■ .1 xxviii INTRODUCTION. her, and received prefents with a becoming eafe. After cloathing this lady very fine, they fet her on Ihore i and, o.i her landing, *the people flock- ed about her, and among them a tall, (lout» vrell-made man, who had on his head a plume of feathers, and by his deportment appeared to be a Chief. Him they endeavoured to entice on board *, but, when he came to the (hip's fide^ fearing treachery, he refufed to enter, Quiros direfted that no force might be ufcd, made him fome prefents, and difmifl'ed him. This iOand by obfervation was in 17 deg. 40 min. S, and ■was named by Quiros Sagitaria. They left it on the 12th, after fome ikirmilhes vvith the in- habitants, and, palling by I'everal other iQands, in which they could procure no refrefhment, on the 2d of March they fell in with an ifland which promifed fair to fupply their wants. Here on their attempting to land they were ac- colted by about 100 Indians, the talleft, gen- teeleft, whiteft, and ftrongeft-made people they had ever yet feen •, but, though they ihewed fair in countenance, they were in fad the cru- elleft enemies they had to encounter in the whole voyage. One of them in a fwift canoe ap* proached the fliip fingly, and, brandifhing his lance, made thofe kind of contortions with his face, arms, and legs, by which Farkinfon has re- marked the South-bea Indians provoke their ene- mies to battle ; he even mounted the balcony of the Admirars.lhip, and with his lance made a thruft at one of the officers on the quarter- deck. *i XXIX INTRODUCTION. deck, with an intent to kill him, and inft intly leaping into his canoe rowed off at a great rate. He repeated his vifits and his infolence i but it was not long before they (hot him dead. While this was pairing on board the Admiral, the ze- bra, that had caft anchor near the (hore, was dill in a worfe fituation, furrounded by a multitude of Berce barbarians, who, having fattened a rope to her head, were endeavouring to drag her on fhore ; but perceiving that the people on board were preparing to cut the rope, they pufhcd a little off, and were fattening it to the cable, when a voUev of fmall arms was difcharged among them, by which fome were killed, fome wounded, and all terribly frightened: this, however, failed of the deilred efFe6t ; for nei- ther kindnefs nor chattifement could prevail upon them to furnifh the (hips with water or provifions ; fo that they were obliged to fet fail without a fupply of either. This ittand lies north and fouth, and was called by Quires the Ittand of Handfome People. They now purfued their courfe for the ifland ^ of Santa Cruz without interruptk>n till the 7th of April, when they difcovered land bearing W. N. W. high, and black kike a volcano *, but . night coming on, they ftood off till next morn- ing, and then fent the zebra to look out for a fafe harbour for the ihips to catt anchor. On the 9th fbe returned, having fucceeded ; and V about noon the fame day the fhtps were moor- ed in 25 fathom water^ to the great joy of the > defponding M if XXX INTRODUCTION; defponding cre\v. The boats were inllanti/ difpatched to make peace with the natives *, and before night, they returned with water, plan- tains, cocoa*nuts, potatoes, palmetos, and fugar- canes, than which the riches of Potofi could not have been more welcome. They next day dif- covered a fort, con(lru(fted by art, the materials of coral ftone, in which were about 70 houfes furrounded by the Tea, and defigned as a refuge from enemies, whenever an invaGon was threat- ened by the warlike inhabitants of the adjoining country. To this fort they made their next ap- proach, and, left they (hould meet with oppoli- tion, they took care to be properly armed •, but the inhabitants were defirous of nothing fo much as peace, and received them hofpitably : fo dif. ferent are the difpofitions of people inhabiting the fame climate, and feparated only by a por- tion of the fea. Here they were fupplied at an eafy rate with wood and water, in the (hipping of which they were alTiHed by the friendly na- tives ; and here they had plenty of the fruits and provifions which the country produced *, in re- turn for which, the grateful Spaniards feized four of the natives, with a view to carry them offi but in fpite of their vigilance three made their efcape, and only one continued with them, who, being a flave where he was, cared but little "what mafter he ferved in that capacity. At the end of feven days, the people being pretty well refreflied, Quiros again fet lail, and on the 2 1 ft of April pafTed an ifland in lat. 12 degrees ■ 1 1 n INTRODUCTION, xxxi degrees S. which the Indians called Tucopia. They now approached the iQands of which the/ were in quell; and on the 25th a confultation was held on board the Admiral, to confider which of the lands i a fight they would chufe to fettle, when it was concluded not to return to Santa Cruz;, but to (land to the fouthward in fearch of that great land, of which they had heard fo much. This they did, pafTing many idands, fome of confiderable extent, fome fmall but very populous, and all of them exhibiting a mod delightful profpe^ of woods, lawns, in- clofures, and water- falls, till at length in lat. 14 deg. 50 min, S. they came to a land Hretch- ing from eafl to wed, to the extent of which they could fee no end. On the zebra's ap* proaching this land, the people on board were not a little furprized to fee an Indian come down from the mountains, and without invita- tion throw himfelf into the fea, and make to- wards the (hip. A boat was immediately hoi(l« ed out, in order to take him up ; but as he ap- peared fpirited and drong, and made the ufual contortions by way of defiance, it was judged proper to confine bim, by clapping a chain upon his legs to prevent mifchief. In this man- ner they purpofcd to have carried him on board the Admiral, who wanted to get fome native in his power to ufe with kindnefs, in order to facilitate a peace ; but, perceiving their intents and concluding that his imprifonmenc was a prelude to his death, he feized in his paiTage a favourable h im , ■ .1 -I ii I; xxxit INTRODUCTION. favourable opportunity, and fnapping his chains with his hands, leapt fuddenly into the fea. Night coming on, it was in vain to purfue him, and accordingly they continued their courfe to acquaint the Admiral with what had happened* They had fcarce been an hour on board, when the watch on the forecaltle called out, ^ voice ! and knowing it to be that of a native, they in- itantly handed him up, when, to the great fur- prize of the boat's crew, who had juft come on board, they perceived, by the remains of the chain about his leg, that it was the man who had made his efcape. He was quite cxhaufted with fwimming, and chofe rather to furrender to the ftrangers than perilh in the fea. He was kindly received, had wine and fweet-meats given him, put to bed, and in the morning was richly cloathed in taffety, and fent on.Ihorc : in return for which civilities, he caufed a number of hogs to be fent on board, with plantains and other fruits ; but at the fame time he gave his bene- fa£tors to underftand, that he was not to be di- verted from the defence of his country, by the dif- fembled kindnefs of pretended friends. When, therefore, the Spaniards attempted to land, a few Indians, headed by this gallant Chief, appeared upon the (here, and, feigning to condud them to an open beach, led them along the fkirts of a wood, where a numerous body of natives lay con- cealed, who watching their opportunity, let fiy a volley of poifohed arrows, by which, however, one Spaniard only was wounded in the face. The INTRODUCTION, xxxlii The Spaniards returned the compliment, by a difchargc of mufquetry ; but the oppofition they expedted from thcfe uncivilized barbarians (for fo they are called for defending their country) deterred them from profecuting their defign. They returned to their (hips without fetting foot on (here •, and, on their return, finding themfelves miftaken, it was thought proper again to put to fea, in fearch of that great country and that friendly people, of whofe hap- py fituation they had heard fo much. ... On the 3pth of April, about three in the afternoon, fteering fouth-weft, they difcovered land right a-head, and before night came up with it. In the morning the zebra was fent along Ihore to examine the foundings, and after twelve hours abfence returned, and made report, that they had found a fpacious bay, and had ex- changed fome trifles with a people of an enor- mous fize, who, neverthelefs, appeared to be good natured, and defirous of peace. This news gave univerfal fatisfai^ion. The (hips fol# lowed their pilot *, and it being the day of St. Philip and St. James when they arrived, they called the bay by that name. Here they found a mo(t delightful port, fituated between two noble rivers (the one they named the Jordan, and the other Salvador) \ the people numerous and friendly j the climate mild and ferenc ; and the air fo wholefome, that in a few days all the fick recovered. The foil they afterwards found fruitful to a degree of luxuriance \ the woods w)*lf m ■If ^ii i 'i* ilk m w 'I \ : if xxxiv INTRODUCTION. and plains abounding with herds and beafts of various kinds, and the feas well ftored with fifti. In (hort, nothing was wanting to com- plete their wiflies, but a more numerous com- pany to ft'cure pofleflion. On their firft land- ing the Spaniards were hofpitably received ; but when it was perceived, by their overtures for peace, that they intended to prolong their ftay, a jealoufy arofe that they came with no good defign j and they were treated afterwards as enemies and invaders. All friendly inter- courfe very loon ceafed 5 the market for provi- fions was ftopt ; and nothing was to be obtained to fubfift upon but by force or itratagem. While they were on thefe terms, an incident happened that it was thought would at once have put an end to their fears and their hopes. Among the vegetables which grew wild, and on \vhich they were obliged chiefly to live, they ' had gathered fome poifonous plants, of which the people in general had eaten, and all who had eaten foon began to feel the direful effedts. The fymptoms were the more alarming, as all parts of the flefti feemed to partake of the nox- ious quality of the plants. The fhips were like the hofpitals of a city infedcd with the plague, where the numbers of the healthy were not fufH- cient to adminifter to the infirmities of the fick. Nothing, in fliort, was to be heard but lamen- tations and fupplications j all expefted to die without remedy. But their fears, as it fell out, were greater than their danger 5 for, after a cer« tain (';! ,.:;! INTRODUCTION, xxxv tain time, the violence of the poiion abated, and the fick were rcftored to a more vigorous ftate of health than they enjoyed before. But they v/ere fcarce relieved from this misfortune, when another fucceeded. Defpairing of ever being able to reconcile themfelves to the natives at this port, they fet fail, after having founded a city between the Jn^^d^AH and the Salvador^ to which they had given the name of New Jerufa- km. Coafting towards the fouth with a view to find a more fortunate fettlement, they were overtaken by a moft dreadful ftorm, in which the (hips were feparated. The Admiral was driven off the coalt, and never again returned j but the other (hip, and the zebra, with difficulty returned to port. What afterwards became of them we are not told. Quiros, after attempting in vain to rejoin them, made the beft of his way to New Spain ; and on his arrival undertook a voyage to Old Spain, where he continued to folicit the Court for a new embarkation -, but he died before he could obtain it. From this time the Spaniards feem to have given over all thoughts of a fettlement in thofe idands, to the true fituation of which they appear at this day to be Grangers. Neither have other nations been more fuccefsful in their attempts to difcover them ; for unlefs (as Mr. Alexan- der Dalrymple has endeavoured to prove in his Hiftorical Colledlion of Voyages to the South Pacific Ocean) they are the fame with thofe which Dampier has dignified with the nam« of f 2 New 0t^'- ■k'.'fl 1 i .i 1 : '.'4. 1 Si 1 ' 1 j 1 ! I 13 :1 1 ? :, ii. Iff ■:i xxxvi INTRODUCTION. New Britain, no others have yet been found that anfwer to their defcription. To Mr. Dal- rymple*s data there can be only one objection, and that is this : Quiros, in his memorial to the Court of Spain, reporting the voyage of Men- dana, fays, that, in profecuting his difcoveries, he fell in with four iflands [the Marqueilas], inhabited by fo good a people, that there is no account of any other having ever been found equal to them; and that thefe iflands were looo leagues from Lima, 650 from the neareft coafl; of New Spain, and 1000 leagues from New Guinea. Here the diftance from Lima to New Guinea is precifely fixed by Qi *ros -, but at the fame time it is to be noted, that the diftance from Lima to the i(les in queftion are as pre- cifely fixed ; and in the fame memorial they are faid to be between the 7th and 12th degrees of fouth latitude, 1500 leagues from the city of Lima. Thus they are placed by Quiros, pre-f ciiely in the midway between the MarquefiTas and New Guinea ; whereas the ifles called New Britain are divided by Dampier from New Guinea to the eaftward only by a (trait. . But this by the bye.— We (hall now proceed to relate what other material difcoveries have been made by other nations in the fouthern hcmifphere, particularly by the Dutch: — Le Maire and Schouten left the Texel qn June the 14th, 161 5 ; and pafTing Strait Le Maire Janu- ary 25, 1616, on the loth of April the fame year fell in with an ifland in latitude 15 deg. ¥2 min< INTRODUCTIdl^. xxxvii 12 min. S. 3700 miles from the coaft of Peru, to which they gave the name of Dog Island. Purfuing their coaft to the ifles of Salomon, on the 16th they came to another IHand, in lat. 14 deg. 46 min. S. to which they gave the name of Waterland, becaufe in this ifland, tho* un- inhabited, they found a fupply of frelh water, and fome herbs, of which they gathered fackfuls to make pottage to refrefh the men, who were now much afflided with the fcurvy. On the 3d of May they faw many dolphins, the firft they had feen in the South- Seas. On the I ith, after pafling feveral uninhabited iflots, they difcbvered an ifland in lat. 16 deg, 10 mm. S. where they had ah engagement With the natives, whom they found to be great thieve^; they were, however, very handfome ; their limbs well-proportioned, of large ftature, quite naked, excellent fwimmers, and very adbive. This ifland they called Cocos Ifland, becaufe they were here plentifully fupplied with that fruit. A league from it lay another, which they named Traitors Ifland, becaufe the inhabitants had formed a de- fign to cut them off. On the 1 8th, having failed hear 5000 miles from the coaft of Peru, without difcoveriftg the leaft appearance of a fouthern land, or falling in with the fo much celebrated Ifles of Salonion, and being in lat. 16 deg. 5 min. S. it was there con- fidcfed in full council what courfe'toftefer next ; when it was determined to return home by the \wll known track to the northward of New Guinea. T'W I 1 1 M '>hM wil i ">! ill t Ai^' xxxviii I N T R O D U C T I O N. In purfuit of this refolution they changed their courfe to the N. N. W. and on the 2 2d, being in lat 14 deg. 56 min S. they fell in with an iOand which, by its beautiful appearance, pro- mifed fair to afford rcfrefbmenr. Sending the ihallop to found, they found 50 fathom, fand and ihells, in a kind of bafon over-againft a fmall river iffuing from a valley edged with trees. This gaveunfpeakablepleafure to the wholccompany. On the 23d they moored the (hip ; and, while they were yet bufy, they were vifited by whole troops of the natives, who expreiled their admi- ration a thoufand different ways. At length, a venerable old man approached the (hip, and with great gravity made an oration, at the con- clufion of which, the people who furrounded him exprelTed their approbation by general ac» clamations. A traffic for provifions now com- menced i and, after a pretty (harp ikirmifh, in which half a dozen natives were killed by the mufquetry, the fame was continued till their departure with great civility and honefly. The Chiefs of the ifland, after an exchange of hof^ tages, came on board, and were magnificently entertained. They were given to underfland, that the fhips were in want of water, and they made their people affiO: in fupplying their wants. They caufed hogs, dogs, fowls, and fruits, to be lent in plenty, which were exchanged for nails, beads, dolls, and looking-glafTes. As a pr^ent, when the Chiefs returned to fiiore, they feiit to ■'''"■ ;;• ..'-^ the .;>V> 'i I >r. fc^ s fl Vii I Hi ;if .J?' m HI ' 'liiv ■'Si' I li INTRODUCTION, xxxiic the Commander two hogs ready dreft ; they had taken out the entrails, and put in the place of them burning flones, to road them in t^ ^ infide, and fweet herbs to make them favoury. In (hort, their manners, their defires, their behaviour, their cuftoms, their habitations, and their arcs» fo exadly correfpond with what has lately been reported of the inhabitants of the fuppofed new- ly difcovered idands in the South Seas, that there does not remain a doubt, but that this ifland which the Dutch named Hoorne IHand, toge- ther with the adjoining ifland which they called the Ifland of Good Hope, are two of thofe that lie between the loth and 17th degrees of fouth latitude, of which our late voyagers have given fo flattering an account. One particular re- ported by the Dutch is (Irikingly chara6lerifl;ic : The men, fay they, were valiant, and large in fiature, the talleft among them furpafling very much in height the talleft of ours 5 their w$' men were not handfome^ but fo totally deflitute of fhame^ that what modefty requires to be doneinpri* vacy^ they performed with their men in public^ by way of entertainment^ before their Kings, In the new map accompanying Hawkefworth's Voyages, King George's Ifland is placed in the latitude of 14 deg. 29 min. S. long. 148 deg. 50 min. W, In the Dutch maps Hoorne Ifland is placed in lat. *4 deg. ^6 min. S. long. 83 deg. 30 min. W, from Arica, on the coaft of Peru, which anfwers to long. 153 deg. 30 min. W. from London, be- ing Qnly 2 deg. 40 min, more to the wefl, and 27 min. INTRODUCTION. 27 min. more to the fouth than King George's IQand ; a difference very inconfiderable indeed f allowing for the difference of time from 1616 to 1765, and for the improvement that has been made in the inflruments of navigation during that period, particularly in thofe for afcertain* ing longitude. On the id of June, as has been already obferved, they took their departure from Hoorne Ifland, highly pleafed with their kind reception, and on the 25th came in fight of ,the coaft of New Guinea. ' We fliould have mentioned, that Schouten was of opinion, that Hoorne llland was one of the Salomon Ifles, mentioned by Quiros, none other they had met with having anfwered fo well to the Spanifli defcription of them. The next remarkable voyage, undertaken profefTedly with a view to difcovery in the fouthern hemifphere, is that of Abel Janfan Tafman, who, in 1642, failed from Batavia in the £a(l Indies, and touched at the Ifles of Mauritius, in latitude 20 deg. 20 min. South ; long. 78 deg. 47 min. Eaft. On the 8th of Odober, the fame year, he left the Mauritius, and, keeping a foutherly courfe, on the 24th of September fell in with the land, to which he gave the name of Anthony Van Diemcn's land, in 42 deg. 25 min. S. long. 163 deg. 50 min. E. Here they met with much bad Weather, which obliged them to fteer eaft ward ; and on the ift of December they anchored in lat* 43 deg. 10 min« i u \l\[ IcK [ft in. .r -,' INTRODUCTION. xU lo min, S. long. 167 deg. 5$ ^^^' ^' i" ^ ^^7 IQ which they gave the name of Frederic Hen- ry's bay. Their whole force confiftcd only of a fmall (hip about 300 tons, named the Hemf- kirk, and the Zee Haan pink for examining the coalt. Here they landed, but could difcover no human . being, though they had reafon to believe the country was inhabited. They ga- thered plenty of good pot-herbs that grew wild, and faw trees full two fathom and an half in the girt, and from 60 to 75 feet high, in which (teps had been cut for the purpofe of climbing them, five feet diftant from each o- theri and from this circumdance they con- cluded that the inhabitants mull be men of gi- gantic (lature. On the 5th cf December, Tafman purfued his courfe in fearch of the Salomon Ides, and on the 13th had fight of a very high and mountainous country, now well known by the name of New Zealand. By its lofty appear- ance, he judged it to be the fouthern continent, and coafted it along to the north eaitward, till on the 1 8 th of December, he came to a fpa- cious bay, three or four miles in breadth, in lat. 40 deg. 49 min. S. long. 191 deg. 41 min. from whence he cogld difcern on the (hore men of a (Irong robuft make, partly clothed, and partly naked, to whom he made fignals, inviting them on board, but none of them wx>.uld ven* ture to approach within the reach of a pete- raro. It was therefore cefolv^d to go to them ; g but .*il it'.. I il :j xlii INTRODUCTION. bur before that rcfolution could be carried into execution, the barbarians made an attack upon the Zee Haan's boat, and murdered moft of the crew, in the manner related in the courfe of the work. Not caring to facrifice any more of his peo- ple againd a barbarous race of manflayers, he "weighed anchor, and purfued his voyage along the coaft till he came to an idand in latitude 34 deg. 25 min. S. which he named Three King's Island, where fome of his people landed, and where they faw at a diftance about 40 men of an uncommon fixture, who called to them in a very gruff tone of voice, and ap- proached them haftily with prodigious ftrides. The Dutchmen, being few in number thought fit to retreat. Their bufinefs being that of dif- covery, not of war, the Captain thought fit to quit that inhofpitable coafl, and direfb his courfe to the i (lands of Cocos or Hoorne, where he was fure of refrefliing his men, and fupplying their wants without danger of blood- ihed, happy that he could find a pafTage into an open fea. On this coaft, however, he ob- ferved many fair plantations, handfomely laid out, and to all appearance well cultivated. On the 19th of January, 1643, he difcover- cd three iflands, to which he gave names. The fouthernmoft he called Pylftaart's Ifland, the middlemofl Amflerdam, and the molt northerly Middleburgh. This laft lay in lat. 21 deg* 20 min. S. long. 205 deg, 20 minutes. 'III' I ti i ! INTRODUCTION, xliii At thcfe iQands, which fccmed remote from any other land, they trafficked for provifions } and the inhabitants, who were of a tawney com- plexion, and lomcwhat above the common fizc, behaved very civilly, and Ihewed no figns of a hoftile diipofition. Among ilic natives of thefe iflands came a lufly man with a Sc. Thomas's arm, and a woman with a natural beard. A venerable old man came alfo among the reft, and made an oration -, after which a croud of men and women, young and old, came on board with all kinds of provifions. It is re- markable, that, among all the idands in the South Seas, the only tame four-footed animals are hogs and dogs, and of thefe the inhabitants here had plenty. They found another ifland at no great diftance, equally abounding in the iifual productions, befides being plentifully fupplied with water. It appears ftrange to us, that the people in thofe hot climates can fub- (ift without frelh water; yet nature feems in part to have fupplied that defeat by furnishing a fruit that both allays thirft and aduages hunger, and that too without either art or la- bour. By vegetables fuited to their fubHf- tence, it fhould feemthat the animals, indigenous to the climate, are nourifhed and mad:; fat. Indeed, where fprings, brooks, and lakes are wanting, the forcfts have few, if any, inhabi- tants ; but if we may credit the relations of voyagers, the people have hogs and dogs, where they have neither river, well, or lake -, g 2 for ■1> I I .1: j > ill 'H''" '■ :> HI ;;;•■::! ji'Ji ,j!i 6^ ^4\ I ^1 I" I ■HI ;i:lllli ■k ■ ■ I ill xliv INTRODUCTION. for though in Amilerdam IQand, the Grangers might have purchafed loo hogs a day for a few baubles, yet a can of frclh water was not to be procured at any rate. In an ifland, called by the natives Annamokka, but by the Dutch Rotterdam, water was found in plenty, yet it was no better inhabited than the iflands before mentioned, which Teemed to be wholly without. Rotterdam IQand is placed in lat. 20 deg. 15 min. S. long. 206 deg. ^9 min. To this ifland they repaired to take in water, and there they com- pleated their flock of frefh proviilons, finding the people courteous and civil, though fome- what inclined to be thievifli, Being now fully refrcfhed and provided, without making any further difcoveries worth relating, they re- turned to Java, by the way of New Guinea. Jacob Roggewein was the next Dutchman who failed profefTedly on the bufinefs of difco- very. He was furnifhed by their Eafl-India ' Company with three fhips, namely, the Eagle, the Tienhoven, and the African Galley : with thefe he fet fail from Amflerdam, July the i6th, 1 72 1, and towards the latter end of November came in fight of the coafl of Brazil. After a few days flay in the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, he weighed, and went in quefl of Hawkins's Maiden Land, which is faid to lie in 30 deg. S. but not being able to find it, he puriued his courfe towards the flraits, till on the 2iflof December, in lat. 40 deg. S. the ihips met with a violent ftorm, in which the Tienhoven r"i 'm ii INTRODUCTION. x\r Tienhoven loft company. About the begin- ning of January, Roggewein difcovered a large iQand 200 leagues in circuit, in lat. 52 deg. S. long. 95. deg. W. about 80 leagues from the coaft of America. He named this idand Bel- GiA AusTRALis, and it is the fame now known by the name of Falkland's Ifland. Leaving this iOand to windward, he pafled the ftrait of Le Maire, and on the 24th of February came in fight of Juan Fernandez, where he fortu- nately found the Tienhoven, that ifland having been the place appointed to rendezvous in cafe pf feparatbn. There the ihips.continvied three weeks, and failed from thence about the. middle of March, ftecring W. N. W. in fearch of Davis's Land, which, however, they could not f^nd. Neither has that or Hawkins's Maiden Land ever been feen by any other navigator except the firft difco- verers. Being in lat. 28 deg. S. long. 268 deg, they faw many birds and other tokens of high land, but to the a(loni(hment of the Admiral came in fight of none till they had failed 12 leagues farther weft. They then difcovered an ifland, which they called Easter-Island, be- caufc they came in fight of it on Eafter-d^y. They fonnd this ifland well inhabited. The 5rft man that came on board was painted with various kinds of figures, was of a brown com- plexion, with large ears, fo long that they hung down to his jhoulders. He was tall, ro- buft, adbive, of an agreeable countenance, and lively ■li i «|j' -i - Ij.i 3tlvi INTRODUCTION. lively dipodcion. They offered him wine,' but he threw it in his eyes. They gave him meat, cloathed him, and fent him on Ihore, but afterwards killed him in a fkirmiih with his countrymen. On this ifland they obferve!d many idols, and faw one man quite white, whom they took to be a prieft. He had pen- dents in his ears a pound weight each. On landing 150 in number, the natives crouded ib clofe upon them, that they were forced to fire upon them to keep them off. By this dif- charge feveral were killed, and many wounded. Thefe poor people, feeing their friends bleed, and fall dead, filled the air with doleful cries and lamentations ; and brought offerings of fruits, roots, and fowls, to appeafe the wrath of the invaders. To implore the bodies of their murdered friends, they caft themfelves on the earth, and made other (igns of fupplication. They were indulged in their timidity, and it was held a crime to approach a Dutchman without reverence; when they brought them prefents, they laid them at their feet. This country was full of inclofures, and feem* ed neatly cultivated. The people had coverings of a manufadlure that felt foft like filk. The women in general were painted with a rouge far furpalling in brightnefs any thing of that colour known in Europe; they were very obliging, and enticed the flrangers to every kind of familiarity both by their looks and geflures. Their idols were chiefly of ftone, well- \:l INTRODUCTION, xlvii v^fiU-proportioned, and wrought with exquifite wx)rkman(hip. While they lay at anchor at this delightful illand, a ftorm arofe, which pre- venctfd the Admiral's delign of extending his re* fearches to the remoter parts of it, as it appear* ed diverfiBed with woods, foreds, lawns, gar- dens, and cultivated 6elds *, and in every re« fpe6t well fupplied with neceffaries for the re- frelhment of (hips bound to the fouthern lands ; but the fury of the ftorm increafed fo faft, that thofe on (hore were glad to recover their (hips. They were fcarce embarked when the billows rofe to fuch a height, as to make it dangerous to hazard their fecurity to the anchors with which they were m>c; ^ •, they, therefore, inflantly weighed and p .. "o fea, and, as the wind blew fair, they proceeded at a great rate towards the bad Tea of Schouten, to which they were bound. After a run of 800 leagues from Eafter-IJland^ they got light of an iOand in latitude 15 deg. 45 min. S. which they took to be Bog-IJlandt difcovered by Schouten, and therefore did not day to examine it. The trade- wind began now to fhift,and to veer about to the fouth-weil, by which the Ihips in the night were driven among a cluder of iOandss ^nd the African galley being a- head was jammed between the rocks, of which a more particular ^ccoii0t will be found in thecourfe of the Work. Thefeiflands were fituated between the 15th f»n4 1 6th degrees of fouth latitude j and Rog- g5?wein'5 J 1 1 'll 1 '■■II: ' ''i^' i u 1 • . ■!' '"11 M ■if i M '■i i : i I ■ 1 !(!■ : : i; It' nr ■ iiiii xlviii INTRODUCTION. gewe'm's Pernicious IJland is no doubt the i^me with that where Commodore Byron found the carved head of a rudder that had belonged to a Dutch long-boat, and where he alfo found a piece of hammered iron, a piece of brafs, and lome fmall iron tools, which the anceftors of the prefent race of inhabitants had obtained from this fhip after her (hipwreck. Here the crews of the remaining (hips grew troublefome and unruly. They had already been out ten months, and had experienced no- thing but hardihips, without the lead profpect of advantage, either to themfelyes or country. A council was therefore called, and it was de- termined to return home by way of the Eaft- Indies. On quitting Pernicious Idand they fell in with a fmall illand, which they called Aurora, becaufe it was difcovered at break of day *, and foon after with another fmall ifland, which they called Vefper, becaufe they came in fight of it in the evening. About twenty- five leagues to the weftward of Pernicious Ifland, they found themfelves entangled among a clufter of iflands, which they called the Labyrinth, becaufe it was fome time before they could difengage the (hips from the rocks and Ihoals with which they were furrounded. Having providentially efcaped this imminent danger, they continued their courfe to the weftward \ and, after fome days fail, fell in with an ifland, which by its beautiful appear- ance promifed fome refrefliment. They faw many natives with lances and long pikes paf- fing INTRODUCTION, xlix fing and repaffing along the fhore, and they fent two boats well manned to fpeak with them, and to encourage them to trade. Their endeavours, however, were ineffcdVual, till, by killing feme, and difperfing the reft, they made good their landing. When they had gained the ftiore, the favages feemed more tradable; they cvenaffift- cd them in gathering herbs, and bringing them water 5 the women, in particular, appeared ena- moured with them, and by many alluring ways endeavoured to gain their confidence j but they were to the laft degree deceitful. Being de- coyed into an ambufcade, the favages furround- cd them on all fides, and, notwithftanding a brifk fire was kept up, which killed many, and wounded more, not a Dutchman that fell into the fnare efcaped unwounded. After this mis- fortune it was with reluctance that any one ventured alhore to look for refrefhments. This ifland they called Recreation, on account of its falutary herbs, and it is placed in lat. 16 deg, S. and in long. 285 deg. The natives were of the middle fize, but ftrong and well made, lively, and of a bold undaunted fpirit. Their bodies were painted, and covered with a kind of net, which they wrapt about them decently enough. The women were covered from head to foot with a very pretty fluff that felt foft like filk ; their complexion was dark, with fhining black hair, very white teeth, and brilliant eyes j and to failors who had long been at fea they were not a little inviting. The third day after they left this ifland, they fell in with feveral iflands at h ' once. 1 ' 1 < ' 1 ■ J \i m\ wv '■1, 1 INTRODUCTION. once, to which they gave the name of Bauman's lilands, where the inhabitants were altogether as courteous and civil as thofe they had left had been treacherous and cruel. They came and trafficked with great good- nature and honefly, and were to appearance as fair and beautiful as thofe in the moft celebrated parts of Europe. They now tho'jght themfelves near the iflands which Dampier has named New Britain ; but it was many days fail before they came in fight of them, in which interval the fcurvy made dreadful havock. T^|^e failors were very defir- ous of (laying in thefe iQands to refrelh, and to recover their ftrengthj but the Commander, who had other views, purfued his courfe to the Eait Indies with all imaginable difpatch. Thus, all this grand expedition, by which the expeifkations of the Commander in Chief and his employers had been raifed to a very high pitch, came to nothing. The men were dilTa- tisBed with their officers for going fo far, and the officers with their Commander for not go- ing farther. The exiftence of a fouthern con- tinent dill remained as doubtful as ever ; and fo it continues at this period, June 22, 1774. Since the above was written, the Adventure, who accompanied Capt. Cook in the Refolu- tion on a new voyage, is arrived, and reports, that they had failed between the 55th and 67th degrees of fouth latitude, but had found no land; fo that if any land lies farther to the foqthward, it muft be uninhabitable. -^"^ .1 I O F SUBSCRIBERS. A. MR. Thomas Adams, Tower Ralph Adye, Efq; Swallow- ftreet Roger Ap- Williams, Efq; ditto Mr. Luke Adlrngton Mr. Michael Angelo Mr. John Ainfworth Mr. Aldwinckle Mr. Anderfon John Ayfcough, Efq; Mr. Francis Armftrong, Bow Mr. Matth. Akenfide, Ken- iington Mr. Peter Ambler Mr. Jeremiah Alcock Mr. RalphAndrewSjHolborn Mr, Chriftopher Appleby Mr. John Atkinfon Mr. Alien B. Sir George Booth Mr. Briftow, Lewes Mr. John Bruckihaw, Royal Exchange Mr. James Blackburn, ditto Mr.Wm. Benfon,Teddington Mr. Denham Berry, Yiftual- ling olRce Mr, Richard Barwick Mr. Banks Mr. Thomas Buchanan William Blackwell, Efq; Thomas Broxholm, Efq; Mr. Wm. Brooke, St. John** lane Mr. Richard Butler Mr. Wm. Barnes, Nightin- gale lane Mr. JamesBicknell,Hackney Mr. Andrew Brocklefby Mr. Philip Briftow Mr. Richard Bennet, Weft Smithfield Mr. Nicholas Bond, Lambeth Marfli Mr. Robert Birchall Mr. Beard, Limby Mr. Broad, Nottingham C. Mr. Cobby, Lewes Mr. Jofeph Cox, Chelfea Mr.Edw. Chandler, Knightf- bridge Mr.Cou'fton,Cavendi(h.fqu. Mr. CaJell Capt.Cookron, Crown- ftreet Mr JohnCoventry, RedCrofs ftreet Mr. John Collinfon, Gravel- lane Mr. Coleman, Clare-market Mr. SUBSCRIBERS. i |!i|.. i:>i hi ■■^I[' ,',' Vi' if m *' "If •;•'!' Hi s ii ^i':i Mr. Wm. Curtis, Hogfdon Mr.Anth.Clarke»Shoreditch Mr. Ezekiel Clements Mr. Stephen Cameron Mr. Cooke Mr. Col.'yer Mr. Cockfhiute Mr. Charlton, Chilwcll D. Mr.Bon.Dobree, Eaft Cheap Mr. Tho. Draper, Weflmln. Mr.Jof Dowglafs,Long- Acre Mr. Edw. Dobfon, Old llreet Mr. John Davis, John-flreet Mr. Davis, Caltle court Mr. John Day, Caflle-Iane Mr. l>avid Davies Mr. Jofias Dugdale, Little< Britain Mr. John Dobfon Mr. Dobfon, Oxford-road Mr. Drinkwater, ditto Mr. James Duponc Mr. Henry Dyfon Mr. De Jerfey E. ^ Mr. James Evans Mr. Evans Mr.ThomasEdwards,FrIday- ftreet Mr. Elfton, Wapping Mr. Michael Eglington Mr. Jarvis Erwras Mr. Stephen Emery Mr. Stukely Emerfon Mr. John Entick Mr, Thomas Evcrfliam Mr. Edwards Mr. Ellis F. Mr, James Fog, Moorfields Mr. William Fog Mr. Edward Fly Mr. Jofeph Foreman Mr. Peter Fenwick Mr. Henry Freeman Mr. Charles Featherftone Mr. Flint, Swallow- llreet JofephFoy,M. D. Gloucellcr G. Mr. James Cadge, North Pickenham Mr. John Grcenwell, Red- lion-Areet Mr. Stephen Gamldge Mr. Timothy Green Mr. John George Giles Mr. Francis Greatree Mr. Abraham Gunfton Mr. Gwin, Long Acre Mr. Geo. Gilfon, New-flreet Mr. Ifaac Green way Mr. Daniel Greaves Mr. Caleb Glover Mr. William Griffiths Mr. Goring Mr. Groombridge Mr. Goodwin H. Capt.Rich.HinchclifFc,York Mr. Howes, jun. Northleech Mr. John Howe, Wycombe Mr. Wm. Hawkins, Crane- court Mr.Haxby,at theArchbilhop of Canterbury's Mr. Wm. Hart, Cecil-ftreet Mr. Hughes, Fleet-ftreet Mr. Henry Haggard Mr. Richard Haynes Mr. John Harveft Mr. James Harfti, Temple Mr.Thos.Harrifon,St.John's flreet Mr. Hatton, Saliibur> -court Capt, ■If. SUBSCRIBERS. Capt.Roberc Hinde, Bruton- llreet Mr.Thos.Hatford,Wapping Mr. John Hemftcd Mr. Haiton Mr. Home Mr. Hincks Mr. Holbrook, Briaol I. Mr. Jones, Silver-ftreet, Gol- den- fquare Mr. James Innes, Cheyney- row, Chelfea judah facobs, Efq; Mr. Jofephjackfon, Shoe-lane Mr. David JefFeries Mr. William Jenkinfon Mr. Arthur Jamefoa Mr. John Jones Mr. Jofeph Ifaacs Rev. Mr, Inman, Burring- ton, Somerfet ■ Jenkins, Efq; do. K. Mr. Kennedy, at Litcham Mr. Chriftopher Kay, Silver- ftreet Mr. Charles Kingman, New- ftreet Mr. Stephen Kent, Charles- ftreec Mr. William Kenworthy Mr. Thomas Kirkman Mr. James Kempfon Mr. William Kirkland L. Mr.Manvel Lima,Abchurcho lane Mr. Lewis, jun. Wrexham Mr. William Lewis, Bow Mr. Sampfon Luker, New- iDgtpn Mr. Geoffrey Larkworthy, Clerkenwell Theophilus Lane, Efq; Mr. Thomas Lancatter Rev. Mr. Long, Spixworth, Norfolk Mrs. t.liz- Levi, Portfmoutk Mr. Le\vsllin,Dartmouth-llr- Capr. Liwibn, Temple Mr. liaac Lamb Mr. Stephen Lumley Mr. Miles Largcfs Mr.PeterLaughton.Wapping Mr. Richard Levilton Mr. Lambert Mr. Leach Dr. Lowther James Laming, Margate M. Monf. Juan Manuel de Uri- ondo, Conful General Ss Trevaurier Extraordinaire de (a Majeile Catholique, a Amfterdam Monf. Jean Frances Michel, a Amfterdam Mr. Robert Main, Swaffhaia Mr. George Mytton Mr. Thomas Milner Mr. Henry Martyn Mr. Charles Merryman Mr. John Miers Mr. Jonas Moxon Mr. Andrew M'Ewer Mr. Jonathan Manning Mr. William Markham Mr. Thomas Mackintofli Mr. John Moody Mr. Malic Mr. Molineux Mr. Maude Mr. Mayne John SUBSCRIBERS. I li . ii. i I' '3, .■ ' f '^ft ;; I N. Jolin Norton, '''.fq; Golden. fquare — — Nicol,Efq ; Argyl-ftreet Mr. Marmaduke Newby, Southmolton (Ireet Mr. Nevill Noble Mr. Nicholas Nugent Mr. Philip Noble Mr. Peter Norris Mr. John Newbolt Mr. William Newcome O. Mr. Ogilvic, Swallow-llrcet Mr. William Overton Mr.PeterOxenford, Stratford Mr. John Jones Owen Mr. Charles (Jgilvie Mr. Humphry Orton Mr. William Oxlade * P. Mr.Rich.Privat,PettyFrance Mr. Perrot, Purfer of the Calloden Mr. John Penn Mr. Thomas Perkins Mr. Benjamin Pell Mr. Robert Preilon Mr. William Primrofe Mr. Chaiies Paget Mr. Samuel Pickering Mr.JofephPhillips,Rofe-ftre. Mr.Hen.Pullon,Broad-court Mr. John Proper, Long-lane Mr. Robert Price, Belton-dr. Mr. Pinegar Mr. Price Mr. Piggot R. Mr. Jofeph Richards, Lam- beth-Marfh Mr,Sa.Ravenfworth, Chelfca Mr. Peter Rooker, Iflington Mr. William Robinfon Mr. Samuel Richardfon Mr. Richard Rowe Mr. Jofeph Roper, Bow Mr. John Robertfon Mr. Ifaac Robley Mr. Stephen Rivers Mr. James Rickards Mr. Alexander Reid Mr. Reid Mr. Richards S. Mr.HenrySchutZjRofe-ftreet James Spencer, Efq; Warwick flreet Lieut. John Staunton Mr. John Severn Mr. Sparks, Maddox-Ilreet Mr. William Simmonds Mr. Henry Stewart Mr. John Arthur Smith, Vic- tualling-office Mr. William St. John Mr.Char.WilliamStevenfon Mr. Charles Stanhope Mr. Edward Spoor, Bow Mr.Wm.Suxfpeck.RadclifFe Mr.BarkerSimfon,jun. Salif« bury-court Mr. Senhoufe, Piccadilly Mr. Sovard^ Oxford-road Mr. Jeremiah Smith Mr.WilliamHenrySibthorpe Mr.SamuelParkerSouthwell Mr. WilliamStockham, War- dour ilreet Mr. Edward Stone Mr. John Simpfon Mr. Frederick Stark Mr. Philip Sergeant Mr. Mofes Strickland Mr.EdmundSmith, ^wallowi ilreet Mr. SUBSCRIBERS. Mr. Smith Mr. Smith, Swan*Iane Mr. Strahan |ohn Smith, Borough Mr. William Setree, Chan- dois'llreet Mr. Peter Symons, jun. Princes-ftreet, Lothbury Mr. Sutton, Briftol T. Rev. Mr. Trancker Mr. Edward Terry, Viftual- ling* office Mr. Thomas Thrilwind Mr. Francis Thompfon Mr. Charles Timbrel Mr. James ThiAlethwayte Mr. Henry Thoroughgood Mr. Philip Turton Mr. Ja. Thatcher, Wapping Mr.Thompfon, Plumtree-Ilr. Mr. Tuckett, Briftol U. Mr. James Thomas Upton, Wapping Mr. Francis Unwin, ditto W. Mr. Edward Warner, Royal Exchange . Mr. John Wilfon — Walters, Efq; Curzon< ftrect Mrs. Williams, Fleet-ftreet Mr. William Warburton Mr. John Whitworth Mr. Ifaac Wentworth Mr. Charles Walker Mr. Welch, Oldford John Wood,Efq; Old Bclton- ftreet James Wall, Efq; Stratford Mr. Robert Wight Mr. Charles Williams Mr. Michael Wentworth Mr. John Wenman Mr. Alexander Wareham Mr. Temple Wharton Mr. Weft Mr. Weftgarth j. Mr. Weale Mr. Woodward Mr. Wells Robert Walter, Godalminj y. Mr. Jofeijh Young Mr. William Yeraway Mr. John Yeats Mr. George York % I I 'l ?i I ■:;■; 1 M Dire£lion9 to the BooWm^cr for placlfi^ the Platcj. Ii» Vot. I. AP of Mexico and South America to be pitccd at the bcginning^. Horn Ifl.uul . — — {Introduithn) to fdct pa^c \\\suV Head of Sir Francis Drake _____ ■ r Drake Roinj; off to fcs oii a r:ifc — — ..i^ 41 Meiieading ot C.ipt. Doujjhry ■ ■■■ . 8S Drake engaging the Cacat'iicgo, a ric;h Siianifli (hip — — IJ3 Drake tonveyini; away tlie Spanidi Judges and criminal (avages 1 18 Drake receiving; ilie Crown trom ihe liioli of New Albion I2j Cavendifh i)lundcrin;^ 'ind burnin,"^ P.ii;a — — — 191 The King of Java's Wives cicftroying themfelves - 226 Cavendidi's crew in great dilticfs, &(;. - ajo Capr. Davis's men taken off a rock ■■ • 304 Dampier's men feizing ojien, miilcj, See. at a farni-houfe g4o Capt. Swan cnterta ned liy Rajaii Laut ■■ 370 Dampier anil hi'J com) anions overtaken by a ftoi in 413 Cowley and his men taking in proviiions at Juan I'ernandez 443 III Vol. J!. Alexander Selkirk making his cats aud kids dance - 24 Mifcellaueous Plates of fiih, trees, &c. ■■■■ ■ — — • 48 3Mr. Hatley and crew whipped — — — — — 89 Diftrefled fituation of the Sutcefs ■ ' I20 Sea-lion, fea-lionefs, and fculs -^— ■ i8t Gali|ornian Womaa habited in a deer's skin ■' 229 C'Hiifornian Man returned from lilhing, and another in hisbark-log 230 Lawn where Commodore Anfon pitched his tent at }uan Fernandez 289 In Vol. III. The three Charts of the tracks of the Dolphin, Tamar, Swallow, En- deavour, and M. Bougainville, to be accurately joined^ and placed at the beginning Comin. Byron converfing with a Patagonian woman to face page ir The wolf-fox of Falkland's Iflands Straits of Magellan 22 99 196 218 The Queen of Otaheite taking leave of Capt. ^Vallis — View ot a town in tl;c ifland of Terra del Fuego — r— — Mufical youth in the new-difcovered iHands ■ ■ Mr. Banks rcceivinga viut from the Kingof the D. of York's Ifland 238 257 270 287 299 326 327 37* 396 398 399 A Morai, or burial-place A woman and boy of the new-difcovered iflands — _ A Priell of the new-difcovered iflands in the habit of his order Reprefentation of a dance in the iilanJ of Ulietea — — View of a perforated rock in Tolaga bay ■ Head of a New Zealand Chief curioufly tataowed — — View of an arched rock on the coaft of New Zealand — ■• War canoe, and a branch of the bread-fruit tree ■ New Zealand warrior in the drefs of his country Warriors of Otaheite and New Zealand defying their" enemies In Vo!.. IV. The hooded-ferpent, and an ape of Java 8s u» ■ f M. Bougainville croffing St. Lucia river in % canos drawn by horfe9i26 Bougainville hoiftingthe French colo'jrs in the Straits of Magellan 194, Profpedtivo view of the great cafcade in Cafcade-bay — 201 In the Voyage to the North Polk. Map of the Icy Sea ... — (Inirocluifhn) u Chart of SpitTDergen, or New Greenland -■ -■ 33 View of the Whale Fifliery — . " < 40 1 i i '.1 1;, 1 ■ 1 I; i \ if 1 '• : i ; ■'! ■ t ";,i 1 1 '' i I *■ ■ ; i !? ' ma s: Francis Brake. •1 i ;« ■ ''y' ■i" iCv :' 1 : T i f '!*'[ Ji ■ 1 !■'' ill' . ''Li t!L .i:*i' i5iR FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES^ PARTICULARLY THAT ROUND THE WORLD, In 1577. i578» »579. and 1580. A « BE FO R E wc proccisd to the relation of the particular Voyages that characterize the Navigators who firft furrounded the globe, and who immortalized their names by their fkill and their courage^ It may be expedled, that we fliould give fome account of their families and firfl: fetting out, the diftinguifhing marks of genius that led them to prefer the fatigues and dangeriA of a fea*faring life to learned eafe, or the calmpurfuit of lefs hazardous employments ^ and that we Aiould trace the fteps by which ihey rofe to eminence by their bravery and their condu^. The bare narration of the incidents ttcorded in a iingle voyage, however men:orabIe, would convey but a yejry imperfedt knowledge of the general chara6ber of thofe renowned heroes, who carried the glory of their country to the rcmoteft regions of the tarth. We Ihall, therefore, endeavour to follow them as they advance to fame, and accompany them from their higheft elevation to that period when all dillinftions are levelled. Vol. I. B The I: :^i \ •'■ 't, I 1. ^ 'l! ." 'Ii 'V I'f ( :-i. 1 ii 2 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGE The celebrated mariner, of whom we are now to give an account, was fon to Edmund Drake, a gentleman of Taviftoke, in Devonfhire, who, being inclined to the doftrine of the Protef- tants, at that time much oppofed by Q^ Mary,. was obliged to quit his place of refidence, and retire to Medway, in Kent ; where, after that Queen's death, he was firft appointed Chaplain in the royal navy, and afterwards Vicar of Upnor. In thefe employments, his income being fmall, and his family large, he owed the education of feveral of his children to the kindnefs of his relations, and that, in particu- lar of Francis, the elded of twelve, to Sir John Hawkins -, under whom, as it appears, he very early diflinguilfaed himfelf, and laid the foundation both of his fame and his fortune. The learned Camden, indeed, informs us, that he was put apprentice to the mafter of a fmall trading veflel, in whofe fervice he behaved fo well, that his mailer, dying a batchelor, left him his veflel as a reward for his diligence : but Stowe, who feems better informed, reprc- fents him in a fuperior light; tells us, that Francis Ruflel, afterwards Duke of Bedford, was his godfather; and that Sir John Hawkins was his near relation. What Camden relates of Francis may, however, be true of his brother ; for there were no lefs than four who were bred to the fca. > * - - ^ f -- : • Be this as it may, the firft enterprlze of ; • confc- ' 1 ■'"' ROUND THE WORLD. 3 confequcncc, in which we find him engaged, was in a voyage to the Weft Indies, as Captain pf the Judith, under his relation already men- tioned. Thofe idands, having but lately been difcovered, and very little frequented by the Englifti, were thought fo much to abound in wealth, that no voyager thither could fail of being recompenfed with great advantages. No- thing was talked of among the mercantile or adventurous part of mankind but the beauty and riches of the new world. Frefli difcoveries were frequently made ; new countries and nati* pns, never heard of before, were daily defcribed % and it may eafily be concluded, that the relators did not lefTen the merit of their difcoveries, by fuppreffing or diminifhing any circumftance that might produce wonder, or excite curiofity. This was the age of enterprize and difcovery ; and her Majefty encouraged the ardour of her fubjeds, by furnifhing fhips and commiflions to fuch officers of diftindlion in her royal navy as were willing to engage in hazardous purfuits. The projedbs, however, that were formed, were not always fuccefsfully carried into execu* tion i they were frequently defeated by the ig- norance of the adventurers, but more often by the malice of the Spaniards, who, from the firfl: difcovery of America, confidered every other nation that attempted to follow them, as in- vaders of their rights, and incroachers upon (heir territories. At that time, however, as now, i( was no uncommon thing for thofe who wenc 3 ? il I .» illfc ■■•f,i 4 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGE in fearch of new difcovcries, to carry on a kind of contraband trade with the new fettlers ; which, tho' prohibited by the Crown of Spain, was yet countenanced by the Viceroys and Governors : but even thefe would fometimes take advantage of the power lodged in their hands, and make prize of the profits which they themfelves had been the means of enhancing, under pretence that thofe profits had been obtained by an illicit trade. Among thofe who fufFered mod by the injuf- tice of the Viceroys, was Sir John Hawkins \ who, having llruck out a new trade, highly ad- vantageous to the partif^ concerned, thougl> difgraceful to humanity, fupplied the Mexican Spaniards with (laves from Africa, and received from them, in return, large remittances in gol4 and filver. This was connived at, though we do not find that it was abfolutely tolerated, by the Spanilh court. It was, however, after one of thofe fuccefsful voyages, in which we find two of the Queen's Ihips engaged (namely, the Jefus, commanded by Hawkins, as Admiral j and the Minion, of which Captain John Hampton was Commander j with four other armed trading fhips, among which was the Judith, Captain DrakeJ, that, being driven by ftrefs of weather into the port of St. John d'Ulloa, in the bay of Mexico, they were there waiting for a fupply of provifions, when the Spanifh fleet from Eu'ope arrived, confifting pf 12 fail, richly laden with European merchan- dize, and on board of which was a new Viceroy. As ill ROUND THE WORLD. 5 As the port was then abfolutely in the power pi the Engliih, it was debated, among the prin- cipal officers, whether the Spanifti fleet (hould be fuflPered to enter j as Admiral Hawkins fuf- pefted, that, if they were admitted, they would contrive fome means of diftrefling him j and yet if they were not, they muft perifh at fca j an event that would certainly bring on a war, which he, as a private trader, could by no means juftify. Upon mature deliberation, it was, therefore, judged fafeft to propofe an agreement with the Viceroy, to which he confented, and by which it was ftipulatcd, that the Englifti (hould hold one fide of ihe harbour, and the Spaniards the other i and that hoftages ihould be given on )}oth fides, that no injury fhould be done to either. But it was foon difcovered, that, though on the part of the Englilh, fix gentlemen were fent, yet, on that of the Spaniards, the hoftages were only common men, finely drefled. This gavecaufe of diftruft •, yet the Englilh, naturally honeft, were not fufficiently on their guard. The Spaniards for fome weeks behaved with feeming cordiality •, mutual civilities pafled be- tween the officers of both nations ; and the Englifli, having fupplied their wants, were pre- paring to depart, when, all of a fudden, at a fig- nal given, the Spaniards affaulted their fliips as the officers were at dinner, boarded the Minion by a concealed ambufcade, which, however, was repulfed with lofs, and then a general maflfacrc enfucd. ' I, ■ ! .' ' I- ,): ' 1 1 ' i 1 ' l\ 11 'i i ■ f i'^' .1 I ■ 1 1 ! i .•a 1 j t'y ■['•''\'i I ■-ii .j1 6 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGE cnfued. The Englifh v/ho were on fliore were all put to death ; three of the four trading (hips were prefently funk; and the Minion and Jefuswere foembarrafled by their moorings, that it was al** mod a whole hour before they could be placed in a pofture of defence; which, however, was at laft effedted. They then returned the attack with fo much fury, that the Spanifh Vice-Admiral was fpon blown up, and in her periilied 300 men; and not long after the Spanifh Admiral himfelf was funk. The Spaniards, in revenge, fet two of their (hips on Hre to burn the N^inion and Je- fus, the firil of which fet fail and efcaped 5 but the Jefus, after Ihifting the Admiral with his crew on board the Judith, fell a vidlim with the reft to Spanifh treachery. In the nightjthe Judith having made her efcape, endeavoured, but in vain, to join the Minion; and being only a bark of 50 tons, alone, on a hoftile coaft, crouded with men, and having barely pro- vifions on board for her own flender company, a mutiny arofe among the mariners, and by far the greateft number infifted on being put on fhore, chufing rather to take their chance among the lavages than to remain on board to llarvc a: fea, or again to fall into the power of the mer- cikfs Spaniards. Accordingly, Capt. Hawkins gave every man his choice, either to land on the continent, or fail with him, and (hare his fate. About 100 of the ftouteft feamen chofe the former ; of whom five only lived to return to England. I'hefe gave ROUND THE WOkLn. 7 gave an account, that, on their landing, the na- tives, miftaking them for Spaniards, fell upon them fuddenly, and killed eight of their num- ber i that, after they were known to be enemies to the Spaniards, they were ufed with kindnefs ; that, however, being tired of living among fa- vages, they agreed to part, and to feek the means of returning home. Some diredled their courfe to the northward, and thefe watching the oppor- tunity, feized a fmall veffcl, and, croffing the Gulph, traverfed an immenfc trad of land, till they arrived at a French fettlement on the nor- thern continent. Others travelled weftward i and of thefe, which were by far the greateft part, fixty-five fell into the hands of the Spa- niards, and fulFered various torments from the Inquifition, three were burnt alive, and two on- ly furvived to reach their own country. Of thofe who followed the northern courfe, five found means, after enduring incredible hardfnips, to get to Nova Scotia, of whom three were brought fafe to England in French merchants (hips. It was in the above engagement that Captain Drake firft diftinguilhed himfelf ; and to his judicious condud, that thofe who efcaped from the Jefus owed their prefervation. The Judith had the good fortune to arrive fafe in England, having purchafed fome provifions on the Ifland of Cuba i but what became of the Minion we have not been able to learn. In this expedition Sir John Hawkins loft an immenfe fum. It was in vain to make complaint to I. '» . «■ '..- ■' I, i ■ : ,1. |, -ii i I ' ■;! i 111 I - 'IS I 'if is ■8 ■ m : It ': iM!,! /! j 'i.,:M « Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGE to his fovercign of the infraftion of the peacd' The Spanilh minifter vindicated the injufticeof the Viceroy •, and the Queen, tho* (he fecretljr re-^ fented the lofs of her fliips, could not openly abett the illicit trade carried on by her fcrvants. Drake, who fliared in the miifortune of his . telation,pofleffed both hisfpirit ?,nd his induftry. He did not fit down to lament the lofs he had fuf- tained \ butj having acquired fome degree of cre- dit by hisgallant behaviour, and fome knowledge of the weaknefs and wealth of his plunderers, he determined to profit by his lofiTes, and to make reprifals whenever afair opportunity fhould offer. It was no difficult matter to engage new adven- turers in new projeds in thofe early days of Mex- ican commerce, and Drake was not long before he raifed a fund to begin trade on a new footing. In 1570, he made his firft expedition^ chiefly onr his own account, with two (hips, the Dragon and the Swan *, and the next year in the Swan alone; in both which voyages heenlarged his experience, but it does not appear that he repaired his lofs. In 1572 he found means, however, to fit out a much greater force, in order to carry into ex- ecution an enterprife which he had meditated,- not only to reinlUte his fortune, but to revenge the treachery of hts enemies. About this time war was agitating betweerf England and Spain, to which it mud be con- fefiTed the illicit trade carried on to the Spanilh fettlements not a little contributed. He, there- fore, fet fail from Plymouth in the Fafcha, a letter Sir t^RANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 9 letter of marque Ihip, of 70 tons, Jiccompanied by the Swan, of 50 tons, the command of \vhich he entrufted to his brother John ; in both -which (hips he had embarked 73 choice men, with a year's provifiohs, arid fuch warlike (lores and ammunition as he judged necefTary for the enterprize he had in view. He had, like wife, the precaution to take with him the frames of two or three fmall pinnaces, that, if any accident fliould befal either of his larger fhips, he might have it in his power to preferve the crew with- out being driven to the necelTity of leaving any of them behind ; a precaution which experience had taught him in the unfortunate expedition of his kinfman Sir John. But this was not the only ufe for which he forefaw thefe fmall veflels would be wanted, as will appear in the fequel. . With this Warlike force, inconfiderable as it may now appear, he cleared the land of Eng- land on the i2thof May, 1572 ; and, the wea- ther continuing fair, and the wind favourable, on the 29th of June he paffed between Domi- nica and Guadaloupe, and on the 6th of July came in fight of the high land of Santa Martha ; then continuing his courfe to the fouthward, on the 15th of the fame month both fhips ar- rived at Port Pheafant, which lay at a conve- nient diftance from Nombre de Dios, the place of their deftination. Here he propofed to build his pinnaces, and was going a-Ihore with a few men unarmed; Vol, L C when. I' ; 1 H/'^' I .'■:■: i ..;'jr .;in 1 i. I '.'-]!' i il:! m . n ', i '! Ml 1 ifi J 11 10 Sm FRANCIS DRAKPs VOYAGES. when, difcovering a fnioke at a diftance, he made the fignal for another boat to follow him with an armed force. Being joined by this re-, inforcement, he marched towards the fire, where he found a plare of lead nailed to a tree, with an inftripfion engraven upon it by one Garret, an Englifliman, who had left that place a day or two before, and had taken that method of informing him that the Spaniards had been ad- vertized of his intended vifit, and of his rendez- vous at that port ; and that, therefore, it would be prudent for him to make but a very fhort ftay. Drake, furprized, no doubt, at the news, but at the fame time knowing how convenient this place was for his defigns, and confidering that the hazard, and wafteof time, which could not be avoided in feeking another ftation, was equi- valent to any other danger which was to be apprehended from the Spaniards, determined to follow his firft refolution -, only, for his greater fecurity, he ordered a kind of fort to be made, by felling a number of large trees, and laying the trunks and branches one acrofs another, on an elevated fpot that commanded the river, which, in cafe of an attack, might enable him to repel any ordinary force which the Spaniards were likely to order out againft him. This done, he fet the carpenters to work ; and while they w£re employed in putting the frames of the pinnaces together, one Captain Raufe happened to touch at the fame port, with a bark of 50 men. To Raufe Drake imparted his defign, and foUicitcd Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 1 1 follicited his concurrence, to which he conlenc- cd; and, when the pinnaces were ready, both fet Tail together, fliaping their courfe to Nombredc Dios. They touch'd at the I (land ot Pines, where they were informed, by the negroes they found there, that the inhabitants of that place were in daily expc6lation of fome foldiers, which the Go- vernor of Panama had promilcd to fend, to de- fend them from the Symerons, or fugitive ne- groes, who, having efcaped from the tyranny of their mafters, had fettled themfelves under two kings, or leaders, on each fide the neck of land which parted Nombre de Dios from Panama •, and not only aflerted their natural right to liberty and independance, but endeavoured to revenge the cruelties they had fuffered, and had lately put the inhabitants of Nombre de Dios into the utmoft confternation. Thefe negroes the Captain fet on fliore on the main land, fo that they might, by joining the Symerons, recover their liberty ; or, if they preferred flavery to independance, they might not have it in their power to apprize the people of Nombre de Dios of his inrention to invade them, as by their dillance, and their want of every means of communication, it muft be long before they could convey them intelli- gence. Then, feleding 53 men from his own company, and 20 from the crew of his new alTo- ciate Captain Raufe, he embarked with them in his new pinnaces, and fet fail for Nombre de Dios. On July the 28th, at night, he approached the town undifcovered, and dropt his anchors C 2 under r t I ill- ^1 4.1 ■ i'l i I !) '4 !l "MM; ill- 12 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. under the (hore, intending, after his men were refrclhed, to bc^^in the attack •, but, finding that they were terrifying each other with formi- dable accounts of the llrength of the place, and the multitude of the inhabitants, he deter^ mined to hinder the panic from fpreading, by leading them immediately to adion ; and, there- fore, ordering them to their oars, he landed without any oppofition, there being only one gunner upon the key, thougii it was fortified by fix brafs cannon of the largeil fize. But the gunner, while they were employed in throwing the cannon from their carriages, alarmed the town, as they foon difcovered by the bells, thp drums, and the noife of the people. Drake, leaving twelve men to guard the pin- naces, marched into the town with little or no oppofition. The forces that the alarm hac) haftily drawn together were foon difperfed, ex- cept a few whom he detained as prifoners, i?i order to (hew him the Governor's houfe, and alfo the ftore-houfe, where the mules that bring the filver from Panama were ufualiy unloaded. Being now in full poffeflion of the town, he ported the main of his fmall body, under the command of his brother, in the market-place ; and then followed the guides, with the reft, to the ftore-houfe i where, forcing the door, and entering the room where the filver was depofited, they found it heaped up in bars, in fuch quan- tities, as almoft exceed belief, the pile being, ^s they conjeftured, feventy feet in length, ten Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 13 in breadth, and twelve in height, each bar weighing between thirty and forty-five pounds. It is cafy to imagine, that, at the fight of this treafure, nothing was thought of, by the Eng- li(h failors, but by what means it might belt be conveyed to their boats *, and, doubtlefs, it was not eafy for Drake (who, confidering their diftance from the Ihore, and the number of their enemies, was afraid of being intercepted in their retreat) to hinder his men from encumbering themfelves with fo much filver as might have retarded their march, and obitruded the ufe of their weapons : however, by promifing to lead them to the King's treafury, where there were gold and jewels to a far greater value, and where the plunder was nor only more portable, but nearer the (hore, he perfuaded them to follow him (nor, however, without every man his bar), and rejoin the main body in the market-place. Here he found his little troop much difcouraged by the apprehenfion, that if they ftayed any- longer, the enemy might gain polTeflion of their pinnaces, and that they (hould then, without any means of retreat, be left to (land alone againll the whole force of that country. Drake, not indeed eafily terrified, but fufficicntly cau- tious, fent to the harbour to examine the ground of their fears, and to learn if the fame panic had taken poiTellion of the nun whom he had left to guard his boats ; but, finding no foun- dation for thefe dreadful apprehenfions, he per- fiftedin his firlt defign, and led the troop for- ward t,..::! itn it I.' i •:■: I 'I .:, '■■■); I ■:l ' m .>:-l:|:;: ■ ■ '■ 1 I Jiilii III! 14 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. ward to the royal trcalury. In their way there fell a violent (bower of rain, which v/et fomc of their bow-firings, and extinguifbed many of their matches (fpring- locks for mufkets not be- ing then inventedj ; a misfortune which might foon have been repaired, and which, perhaps, the enemy might fuffer in common with them ; but which, however, on this occafion, very much embarrafled them, as the delay produced by it reprcfled that ardour which, fometimes, is only to be kept up by continued adion. It was in vain for Drake to expoftulate, or to rcprefent the difgrace of returning in rags, after having the chief treafure of the world within their power ; he thciefore reproached their cow- ardice, fet before their eyes the imminent dan- ger to which they would inevitably be expofed, if they failed to behave like men anxious for glory, and zealous for the honour of their country. Animated by thefe incentives, they refumed their former fpirit, and, pufhing brifkly forward, the whole company followed till they arrived at the treafury, which they inftantly forced. Having thus far fucceeded, Drake committed the care of the riches to his brother, and Oxenham, of Plymouth *, (a man known afterwards * This man made himfelf remarkable by one of the boldeft undertakings that ever was devifed As f.)on as he arrived in England, with the prize -monL-y acquired in this expedition, he purchafed a bark of 140 tons, and manned it with 70 brave feamen ; with tJiefe he failed to the lllhmus of Darien, and, laying his bark up in a creek, marched ciofs V. Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 15 afterwards for his bold adventures in the fame parts) while he, wkh the main body, (hould again return and reconnoitre the market-place, and difperfe any parties of the Spaniards that might be forming into a body to oppofe their progrcfs. With this view, as he was advancing, his ilrength fuddenly failed him, and he fell down fpceciilef^. Then it was that his companions perceived a wound in his leg, that he received in entering the town, but had hitherto concealed, left his men, eafily difcouragcd, fliould make their concern for his iite a pretence for returning to their boats. Such, however, had been his lofs of" blood, as was difcovered upon nearer obferva- tion, that it had filled the prints of his foot- fteps ; and it appeared fcarce credible, that, after fuch an effufion, life fhould remain. The bravert were now willing to retire*, neither de- fire of honour, or of riches, was thought to prevail in any man over the regard for his life, crofs the reck of land which feparatcs the North Sea from the great Pacific Ocean, where he arrived, with his com- panions, without being difcovered j and, having there feized a fhip for their purpoie, they ranged the coall, and made themfelves mafters of an immenfe treafure ; but, falling out among themfelves, they feparated ; and, thus weakened* they became an eafy prey to the Spaniards, who recovered their treafure ; and Oxenham being taken, with thofe that continued with him, and having no commifllon to produce, both he and his companions were executed as pirates. When they parted, they had in their poflefilon two fliips laden with gold, to the amount of half a million ilcrling. that i i pi If I ' ^ If^ ■'' n i -J iM'I'f :i-il: : ■!■ !■ , ' ! ' • Ilii ii!'i m I 'iJ^jr I ;,'i.' i6 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. that of Drake being already given over for loft. But Drake, whom cordials had reftored to his fenfes, was the only man who could not be prevailed on to leave the enterprize unfiniflied. It was to no purpofe that they advifed him to go on board to have his wound drefled. He well knew how impradlicable it was to regain the opportunity when \i was once loft, and could eafily forefce, that a refpite of bun a few hours would enable the Spaniards to recover from their confternation, to aflfemble their forces, refit their batteries, and remove their treafure. What he had undergone fo much danger to obtain, was now in his hands, and the thoughts of leaving it untouched was too mortifying to be patiently borne ; however, as there was little time for confultation, and the fame danger attended their ftay in that perplexity and confufion, as their return, they bound up his wound with his fcarf, and, partly by force, partly by intreaty, they carried him back to the boats, in which, with what treafure they were able to bring off, they all embarked by break of day. Then taking with them, out of the harbour, a floop laden with wines, they went to the Bnftimento's, an ifland about a league from the town, where they ftaid two days, to recover the wounded men who had been hurt in the firft rencounter, and to regale themfeves with the wines they had taken, and with liie fruits that grew in great plenty in the gardens of that ifland. During IS (|tl!i,' 1,1 I, !S ' Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 17 During their ftay here, tw^re came over to ^hat ifland a SpanifH gentleman, fent by the Governor with inftrudions to inquire, whether the Captain was that Drake who ha;d before been on their coaft ; whether the arrows with ^hich niany of their men were wounded were not poifoned ; and whether they wanted provi- Cons or other neceflaries ? The meflenger, like- \vife, extolled their courage with the highefl: encomiums, and exprefled his admiration of their daring undertaking. Drake, though he knew the ciC'ilities of an enemy are always to be fufpedled, and that the meflenger, amidfl: all his profcflions of regard, was no other than a fpy, yet knowing that he had nothing to appre- hend, treated him with the high^^ft honours that his condition admitted of. In anfwer to his in- quiries, he afliired him, that he was the lame Drake with whofe character they were before acquainted ; that he was a rigid obferver of the laws of war, and that he never permitted the arrows difcharged by his followers to be poi* foned. He difmiffed him with confiderable pre- fents; and told him, that, though he had in part failed in this attempt, he would never de- fift from his defign of revenging the treachery of the Viceroy of Mexico, till he had (hared with Spain the treafures of America. He then refolved to return to the Ifle of Pines, where they had left their (hips, and to conlult about the meafures they were now to take i and, having arrived on the ift of Auguit Vol. [. ac ' 'i-'WA I . f !! i i ' ■ '' ■ ; '1 .1 ' ]\ ' ;«,!"' ^ ■ ' M ■ 1 . .,,.,. M ' ■ • ■ 'I'ii .,1 ■ k ;. , ; ll it 1 8 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. at their former ftation, they difmifled Captaia Raufe, who, judging it unfafe to (lay any longer on the coafl:, defired to be no farther engaged in their defigns. But Drake, not to be diverted from his purpofe, after being cured of his wound, inquired of a negroe, whom he took on board at Nombre de Dios, the molt wealthy fetilements, and weakefl: parts of the coaft. This man recommended Carthagena as the moll wealthy, and, being the mod powerful, the leall upon its guard. The Admiral feemed to approve the man's notion, and, fetting fail without lofs of time, came to anchor, Aug. 13* between Charecha(fince called BocaChica) and St. Barnard's, two iflands at a little diltance from the harbour of Carthagena. Then pafllng with his boats round the ifland, he entered the harbour, and in the mouth of it found a frigate with only an old man in it, who voluntarily informed him, that, about an hour before a pinnace had pafled by, with fails and oars, and all the appearance of expedition and import- ance ; that, as (he pafled, the crew on board her bid him take care of himfelf ; and that, as foon as flie touched the fiiore, he heard the noile of cannon, fired as a warning, and faw the (hipping of the port drawn up under the guns of the caftle. The Captain, who had himfelf heard the difcharge of the artillery, V as fw3n convinced that he was difcovered j and that, therefore, nothing could be attempted there with any probabihty of fuccefs. He there- fore Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES, 19 fore contented himfelf with taking a fliip of Seville, of 240 tons f which the relator of this voyage mentions as a very large fhip), and two fmall frigates, in which he found letters of ad- vice from Nombre de Dios, intended to alarm that part of the coaft, Drake, now finding his pinnaces of great ufe, and not having a fufHcient number of failors for all his veflels, was defirous of deftroying the Swan, the fhip commanded by his brother, that the others might be better manned. This, necefiary as it was, could not eafily be effected without difgufling the officers on board her, who, lofing their commiffions, would naturally be averfe to her deftrudtion. Drake knew that nothing but the love of their leaders could animate his follov;ers to en- counter fuch hardfliips as he was about to ex- pofe them to ; and, therefore, rather chofe to bring his defigns to pafs by artifice than by au- thority. He fent for the carpenter of the Swan, took him into his cabin, and, having firft en- gaged him to fecrecy, ordered him, in the mid- dle of the night, *:o go down into the well, and bore five holes tiirough the bottom, laying fomething againft them that might hinder the bubbling of the water from being heard. To this the carpenter, after fome expoftulation, confented, and the next night performed his promife. In the morning, Auguft the 15th, Drake, going out with his pinnace a-fiihing, rowed up to the Swan j and, having invited his D 2 brother '• / ,, :K) I i 20 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. brother to partake of his diverfion, inquired^ with a negligent air, why the Swan was fo deep in the water ? Upon which, his brother, being alarmed, fent down his fteward to learn the caufe^ who returned imnfiediately, with an account that the (hip was leaky, and in danger of finking in a very little time. They had inllantly recourfc to the pump •, but, having laboured for five hours, and gained very little upon the water, they wil- lingly, according to Drake's advice, fet the vef« fel on fire, and went on board the Pafcha. Findir,., it now neceflary to lie concealed for fome time, rill the Spaniards Ihould forget their dangerj nnJ remit their vigilance, they fet fail for the hynd of Darien, and, without ap- proaching 'he coaft, that their courfe might not be obfcrved, they arrived there in fix days. This being a convenient place for their re- ception, both on account of privacy, it bejn^ out of the road of all trade, and as it was well fupplied with wood, water, wild- fowl, hogs, deer, and all kind of provifions, he Hayed here fifteen days, to careen his veffels, and refrefli his men, who worked interchangeably, on one day the one half, and on the next day the other half. On the 5th of September, Drake left his brother with the (hip at Dar'en, u td fet out with two fmall veffels towards the Rio Grani, which they reached in three diys, and on the 9th of the fame month were difcovered by a Spaniard from the land, who, believing them to be his countrymen, made a fignal for them to come on fliore, with which they very readily complied 5 Ml ;rl^ ■1,1 , Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 2i ^complied', but he, foon finding his miftake, abandoned his plantation, where they fovind great plenty of provifions, with which, having laden their veflels, they departed. In the mean time, his brother. Captain John Drake, went, according to the directions that had been left him, in fearch of the Symerons, or fugitive negroes, from whofe afTiftance they now entertained hopes of completing the fuc- cefs of their voyage : and, touching upon the main land, by means of the negroes whom they had taken from Nombre de Dios, engaged two of the Symerons to come on board his (hip, leaving two of his own men as hollages for their fafe return. Thole men, having affured him of the affedion of their nation, appointed an inter- view between Drake and their leaders. With this appointment Drake being made acquaint- ed, he immediately quitted Port Plenty, fo named by the Englifh from the great ftore of provifions they had amaflcd at that place, and came, by the dirediun of the Symerons, into a fecrec bay, among beautiful iflands covered with trees, which concealed their (hips from obfervation, and where the channel was fo nar- row and rocky that it was impofiible to enter it by night i lo that there was no danger of a fudden lurprize. Here they met, and entered into engagements, which common enemies and common dangers prcfcrved from violation. But the firft- convcrfation informed the Englifh, that their expcftations w ere not immediately to be !, fl' , ''i » I: fj »;. :■:-«■ 'r I I i 5 4. /I I 22 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. be gratified : for, upon their enquiries after the molt probable means of acquiring gold and filver, theSymerons told them, that, had they known fooner the chief end of their expedition, they could eafily have gratified them ; but that during the rainy feafon, which was now be- gun, they could not recover the treafure they had taken from the Spaniards, out of the rivers in which they had concealed it. Drake, there- fore, propofing to wait in this place till the rains were palled, built, with the afllftance of the Symerons, a fort of e^rth and timber ; and, leaving his brother and part of his company to guard it, fet out with three pinnaces to- wards Rio de la Hacha, being of a fpirit too adive to lie (till patiently, even in a ftate of plenty and ieeurity, and with the moft prqbable cxpe^ations of immenfe riches. In their way thither, they anchored within fight of Carthagena without landing, and on the 17th of Odober took a Spanilh bark, with which they entered the harbour in difguifev but were foon accofted by a Spanilh gentle- man whom they had fome time before taken and fet at liberty i who coming to them in a boat, as he pretended, without the knowledge of the Governor, made them great proaiifes of friendlhip, and profefTions of efteem. But Drake, having wailed till next morning without receiving the great things he had been encou- raged to expedt, found that all this pretended kindnefs was no more than a Uratagem to amufe ' him. ■■i,,t ■« Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 23 him, while the Governor was raifing forces for his deftrudtion. This appeared more clearly on the 20th^ when two frigates, well armed and manned, came out in the night with a view to furprize the pinnaces, and make prifoner of Drake : but thefe being difcovered, and their dcfign fruftrated, Drake, when daylight approached, leapt intrepidly afhore fingie, in defiance of their troops, which hovered at a diftance in the woods and on the hills, without ever venturing to advance within reach of the (hot from the pinnaces. To leap, however, upon an enemy's coaft, in fight of a fuperior force, only to fliew how little they were feared, was an a6t that in thefe times would meet with little applaufe : but motives of policy might influence the con- dudt of Drake, and make that neceflary then which now appears a ridiculous bravado. Find- ing the whole country advertifed of his attempts, and in arms to oppofe him, he might make " feint only of landing to increafe their fears, and encourage their alarms, thut they might keep together till he fliould aflTault them in their de- ferted pofts -, a ftratagem which there is reafon to think he put in pradice, as he continued upon the coaft till one of his veflels had only a gammon of bacon and a fmall quantity of bread on board for feventeen men, and till there was on board his own veflTel even a greater fcarcity. But refolution and iuccefs recipro- cally produce each other. They had not failed more 1. 1 i >"i i - 1, i^ •1 i r" s 1 i .1 pi ' ! •(,31 H,';l i -■ '< ,.' ■ ■ ■ ■■■i t'"' ." ' ■■' i« is^; 1115 ., i, • . ,'i ' .ft' ii' r' 1 .1 I,-. :1 24 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES. more than three leagues on their return to their Ihips before they fell in with and attacked a coaiting veflfcl, which a/ter fome refiftancc they took, and happily found it laden with excel- lent provifions. He now determined to return to tlie Symerons, with wlio^n, as has been faid, he left his brother, and part of his force. In conjunction with them, he had meditated an at- tempt to make his way over the lilhmus, and invade the Spaniards in the inland parts, where they probably never dreamt of an enemy. When they arrived at Pert Diego, fo named from the negroe who had procured them their intercourfe with the Symerons, they found Cap- tain John Drake and one of his company dead, being killed in an attempt, almoft unarmed, to board a frigate, of which they had received intelli- gence, well provided with all things neceflary for its defence. The Captain was unwilling to make the attack, and r^^prefented to his company the madnefs of their propofal-, but, being over-borne' by their clamours and importunities, to avoid the imputation of cowardice, complied to his de- flruflion. But this was not the only misfortune that' bsfel this little company •, for foon after many ot them fell ill' of the calenture, a malignant fever, very frequent in the hot climates, which carried off, among feveral others, Jofeph Drake, another brother of the Commander. While Drake was employed in the recovery of the fick, the Symerons, who ranged the country for intelligence, brought him an account, that the Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES, aj the Spanilh fleet was arrived at Nombre de Dios; the truth of which was confirmed by a pinnace which he fent out to make obfervations. This, therefore, was the time for their journeyy when the treafures of the Peruvian rnincs were to be tranfported from Panama, over land, to Nom- bre de Dios. He therefore communicated his defign to the Symcrons, requefted their id- vice and aflSftance, and having obtained the promife of both, by their dircdhion he proc A all things neccflary for their fubfiftance ; a» on the third of February in the following year, fet out from Port Diego. Having already loft twenty-eight of his company^ and being under the neceffity of leaving fome to guard his ihip^ he took with him only iS Englifh and 30 Sy- mcrons, who not only ferved as gtiards to (hew the way, but as carriers to convey the provifions. They carried with them, befides, arrows for war, and arrows for hunting and fowling, th« heads of :^hich are proportioned in fize to the game they purfue. For oxen, ftags, or wild boars, they have arrows or javelins with heads weighing a pound and a half, which they dif- charge near hand, and which fcarcely ever fail of being mortal. Their fecond fort are about half as heavy as the other, and are generally Ihot from their bows j thefe are intended for fmallcr beafts. With the tjiird fott, of which the heads are an ounce in weight, they kill blrd«. As this nation is in a ftate Which does not fee them above continual cares for the immediate Vol. I, E neccflTaries .1! ^.'^a. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V V :* 1.0 I.I 1^ |^|Z8 |iO ■■^" ■^ 1^ 12.2 ■u .ox Mil KS l« m. 2.0 y& •• 1.25 II U 1 1.6 ^ . 6" » V Photograjiuc Sdaices Corporation 23 WBT MAIN STRIET WEBSTM.N.Y. MStO (716)873-4503 '^ s w <> rniM jMii .. ■■'^■' ■r* ^M :;1 i'l'V. 26 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S V0YAGE9 necelTaries of life, he that can temper iron bed is among them moft efteemed -, and, per-* haps, it would be happy for every nation, if honours and applaufes were as juftly diftribu- ted, and he were mod didinguilhed whofe ta- lents were moft ufeful to fociety. Every day by fun-rifing they began to march^ and having travelled till ten, reded near fome river till twelve ; then travelling again till four, they repofed all nigiit in huts, or wigwams, which the S^merons had either left danding in their former marches, or very readily erected for, them, by fetting up three or four pods in Che ground, and laying poles from one to another, in the form of a roof, which they covered with palmetto boughs and plantain leaves. In the val- lies, where they were (heltered from the winds, they left three or four feet next the ground open ; but, on the hills, where they were more expofed to the chill blads of the night, they thatched them clofe to the ground, leaving only a door for entrance, and a vent a-top in the middle for the fmoke of the fire to efcape. In their march, they met not only with plenty of fruits upon the banks of the rivers, but with wild fwine in abundance, of which the Symerons without difficulty killed, for the mod part, as many as were wanted. One day, however, they found only an otter, and were about to drefs it i at which Drake exprefTing his wonder, was afk- ed by Pedro, the chief Symcron, ** Are you a man of war, and in want, ^nd yet doubt whe. thcr m iii„i Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 27 t:hcr this be meat that hath blood in it ?" For which Drake in private rebuked him, fays the relator 5 whether juftly or not, it is not very important to determine ; only it (hews the ge- nius of the times when fuperilition prevailed^ and when the greateit men were not wholly ex* cmpt from its inBuences. On the third day of their march, and the 6th of February, they came to a town of the Syme- rons, fituaccd on the fide of a hill, and encom- pafTed with a ditch and a mud wall, tofecure it from any fudden furprize. Here the inhabitants lived with great neatnefs, and in plenty i and with fonrie obfervation of religion, paying great reverence to the crofs ; a pradtice which, the relator fays, Drake prevailed upon them to change for the ufe of the Lord's Prayer ; which, we cannot help remarking, is very unlikely in fo ftiort a ftay. Indeed, it is added, that here they ftrongly importuned Drake to prolong his abode, promifing to double his force •, hut he, cither thinking greater numbers unneceflary, or fear- ing, that, if any difference ihould arife between them and his own men, he (hould be overborne by numbers, he prudently declined both their invitation, and their offer of additional affif- tance, and that in fuch terms as expreffed his cagernefs to engage, and his confidence of fuc- cefs from the bravery of his followers. The Symerons continued to conduct him on' his journey, and led him through rural (liades s^nd lofty woods, which (hcltcred his people fo (jffcflually from, the fun, that their n)arch was E 2 • Icfs 1 ilf;' 11 1 i4' '■'i '' 1*1 (? r [4 [■•I f, "i, ' i i"' [i m4 !iii ll.ll>>•« That Drake was not lefs enraged than his followers at this difappointment cannot be doubt* ed *, but there was now no time to be fpenc in complaints. The whole country, he knew, would foon be alarmed, and all the force of the Spaniards ailembled to overwhelm him ; he had no fortrel^ to retire to •, every man was his ene- my , ^nd every road better known to the Spa- niards than to himfelf. This was an occaHoa that demanded all the qualities of an hero, an intrepidity never to be Ihaken, and a judgment never tx) be perplexed. He immediately con- lidered all the circumllances of his prefent fitu-, ation, and found that it afforded him only the choice of marching back by the fame way through which he came, or forcing his paifage through Venta Cruz. He forefaw many di$- culties in marching back, beHdes the hazard of having his Ihips feized before his return ; he^ therefore, determined to pafs forwards to Venta CruZi before the enemy could be prepared to Qppofe him. He alked Pedro, the leader of th« Symerons^ whether b^ would dare to follow him ? and, having received from him the ftrQng- eft a0urancethat nothing (hould feparate them« he commanded his men to fet forwards. When they came to the gates of the town, they diihuf- Vql.I. F fei ;'li^ iI'l 34 Sjr FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. fed the mules they had made ufe of to carry their prize, and continued their march with as little noife as pofljble ; yet they difcovered, that not- withftanding the utmoft precaution had been ufed, the alarm had been fpread, and the forces of the tbwn haftily drawn together, to oppofe their entrarKe. Drake, who was not unac- quainted with the behaviour of that kind of town militia, received their firft onfet, and then breaking in upon them, drove them before him without farther oppofitran, and was feconded by the Symerons, who could not be retrained from making plunder of the town : but Drake haftened in perfon to the Spanilh ladies, and afTured them that no injuries (hould be offered to them, nor was there the leaft indecency per- mitted*, and the forces of the Spaniards being difperfed, he continued his march to the fhips without any apprehenfion of danger, yet with great fpeed, being very folicitous about the ftate of the crew ; fo that he allowed his men, har- ralTed as they were, but little time for flcep or refrefliment. By kind exhortations, gentle au- thority, and a chearful [Participation of all their hardlhips, he prevailed upon them to bear with- out murmur, not only the toil of travelling,, but, on fome days, the pain of hunger. In this march, he owed much of his expedition to the aOidance of the Symerons, who, being ac- cuftomed to the climate, and naturally robul^,^ when any of the £ngli(h fainted by the way,, two of them would carry him between them W *^'* .i, >( miles. to lac- iftv for kilcs. Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 35 miles together. Nor was their valour Jefs than their humanity, after they had learned from their Fnglifli companions to defpife the fire- arms of the Spaniards. When they were within five leagues of the fhips, they found a town built in their abfence by the Symerons, at which Drake confented to halt, fending a Symeron to the (hips with his gold toothpick as a token, which, though the mailer knew it, was not fufHcient to gain the meiTenger credit, till, upon examination, he found that the Captain, having ordered him to regard no mefiage without his hand- writing, had engraven his name upon it with the point of his knife ; the mailer then fent the pinnace up the river to meet the Captain, and after- wards fent to the town for thofe whofe wearinefs had made tiiem unable to march farther. On February the 23d, the whole company was re- united •, and Drake, whofe good or ill fuccefs never prevailed over his ihew of piety, celebrated their meeting with thanks to God. Drake, not yet difcouraged, foon turned his thoughts to new projedls; and, without lan- guiihing in melancholy refiedions upon pait mifcarriages, employed himfelf in forming fchemcs for repairing them. Eager of acSlion, and acquainted with man's nature, he never fuffered idlenefs to infed his followers with cowardice ; but kept them from finking under any difappointment, by directing their auentioa to ibme new cnterprize. _,., ^..j,; ■ ;;;,,;. . , F 2 Upon •it! V if ■ii '■*- :t ■ i'hiri ^$6 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. Upon confukation with his own men, and the Symerons, he found them divided in their opi« nions •, feme declaring, that, before they engag- ed in any new attempt, it was neceflary to in* creafe their ftores of provifionsi and others urging that the fhips, in which the Spanifh trea- fure was embarked, (hould be immediately at« tempted. The Symerons propofed a third phn^ and advifed them to undertake another journey dver-land, to the houfe of one Pezaro, near Ve- ragua, whofe flaves brought him every day snore than 200 pounds fterling from the mines, which he heaped together in a ftront^ ftone houfe, that might, by the help of the Knglifh, be cafily forced. But Drake, being unwilling to fatigue his followers with another journey over- land, determined to fteer a middle courfe between thefc variable opinions j and, manning his two pinnaces, the Bear and the Minion, he fent John Oxenham in the Bear towards Tolu, to feek providons ; and went himfelf in the Minion to the Cabezes, to endeavour to inter- cept the treafure that was to be tranfported from Veragua and that coaft, to the fleet at Nombre de Dios -, firft difmifllng with prefents thofe Symerons who defired to return to their wives^ and ordering thofe that chofe to remain with him to be kindly entettained, Drake took at the Cabezes a frigate of Veragua, the pilot of which informed him, that there was in the harbour of Veragua a llirp freighted with inore than a million of gold ; to which he of- fered Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 37 fercd to conduft him, being well acquainted with the foundings, if he might be allowed his (hare of the prize j fo much was his avarice fu- perior to his honefty. Drake, after fome deliberation, complying with the pilot's conditions, failed towards the harbour j but had no fooner entered the mouth of it than he heard the report of artillery, which was anfwered by others at a greater diftance ; upon which th6 pilot told them that they were difcovered, this being the fignal appointed by fhe Governor to alarm the coall. Drake now thought it convenient to return to the (hips, that he might enquire the fuccefs of the other pinnance, which he found with a frigate that ihe had taken with twenty -eight fat hogs, 200 hens, and a great (tore of maize or Indian corn. The velTel itfelf was fo (Irong and well-built, that he Btted it for war, determining . to make a fecond attempt on Nombre de Dios. On March the 2 id, he fet fail with the new frigate and the Bear towards the Cabezes, at wh'ch he arrived in Httle more than two days, and found there one Totu, a Frenchman, with a Ihip of war. Having fupplicd Totu with water, and other articles of Which he was in want, he defired to join the Admiral in his new attempt, to which Drake confented, and admitted him to accompany him with 20 of his men, ftipulating to zWovf them a proportionable (hare of what-* ever booty they (hould acquire : yet Drake was not without fome fufpicions of danger from this new =:; J- If. I' 1 . I!! ', 1; . 11,1 t '■■*■ ; iliii .ill! 1 1 1 i\ "vi: ^f., nil jlJ i; il !f!;'*l1 38 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. new ally, he having eighty men, and the Eng- lifti reduced to thirty-one. Manning, however, the pinnaces, they fet fail for Rio Francifco, at •which place they arrived on the 29th of March. Here they landed ; and, having difmifled their pinnaces for fear of difcovery, and ordered them to repair to the fame place on the fourth day following, they began their march through the woods towards Nombre de Dios, and con- tinued it with fuch (ilence and regularity as fur- prized the French, who did not imagine the Symerons fo difcreet and obedient to command as they appeared to be, and were therefore in perpetual anxiety about the fidelity of their guides : nor did the Symerons treat the French- men with that fubmiflion and regard which they paid to the Englifh, whofe bravery and conduct they had already t;ried. At length, after a la- borious march of more than feven leagues, they began to hear the hammers of the carpenters in the bay, it being the cuftom in that hot feafon to work in the night, and to reft in the days and, in a (hort time, they perceived the ap- proach of the recoes, or droves of mules, from Panama. They now no longer doubted that their labour would be rewarded, and every man > imagined himfelf fecure from poverty for the remaining part of his life; they, therefore,, when the mules came up, rufhed out, and feiz- ed them with an alacrity proportioned to their cxpeftations. The three droves confifted of one hundred and nine mules, each of which carried. 300 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 39 300 pounds weight of filver. It was to little purpofe that the foldiers, ordered to convoy the treafure, attempted refiftance. After a (hort combat, in which the French Captain and one of the Symerons were wounded, it appeared with how much greater ardour men are anima- ted by intereft than fidelity. As it was poffible for them to carry away but afmall part of this treafure, after having wearied themfelves with hiding it in the thickets, they determined to return by the fame way they came; and, without being purfued, they tra* verfed the woods, where the French Captain, being difabled by his wound, was obliged to ftay, two of his company continuing with him. When they had gone forward about two leagues, the Frenchmen miffed another of their company, who, upon enquiry, was known to be intoxicated with v/ine, and fuppofed to have ioll himfelf in the woods by neglecting to ob- serve the guides j bii^: common prudence not allowing them to hazard the whole company by too much folicitude for a fingle life, they tra- velled on towards Rio Francifco, at which they arrived on the 3d of April ; and, boking out for their pinnaces, were furprifed with the fight of feven Spanilh (loops, and immediately con- cluded, that fome intelligence of their motions had been carried to Nombre de Dios, and that thefe veflels had been fitted out to purfue them, which might undoubtedly have over- powered the pinnaces and their feeble crews. Nor ri'V )' itVI'-t r' I I ri .- ! ■'. m-.M ■ !«'i 46 Sir ^RANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES. Nor did their fufpicions ftop here ; but imme- diately it occurred to them, that their men might be compelled by torture to difcover where their frigate and (hip were Rationed, which being weakly manned, ^nd without the preience of the chief Commander, would fall into their hands almoft without refiftance, and all poSibi- lity of efcaping be entirely cut oflfi Thcfe re- flections funk the whole company into defpair 3 and every one, inftead of endeavouring to break through the difficulties that furrounded him, tefigncd himfelf up to his ill fortune j whert Drake, whofc intrepidity was never to be (hakent rcprefented to them, that, though the Spaniards ihould have made themfelves mafter§ pf the; pinnaces, they might yet be hindered from dif- covering the ihips. He put them in mind, tha^ the pinnaces could not be taken, the men exa^ mined, their examinations compared, their re- folutions formed, their velTels fent out, an4 the ihips taken, in an indant. Some time mufl iiecefTarily be fpent before the lall blow could be ftruck *, and, if that time were not negle(^'^ fuUy loft, it might be poffible for foaie of then? to reach the fliips before the enemy, and dire<^ them to change their ftai;ioii. They were animated with this difcowrfe, by ivhich they obferved that their leader was npt without hope; but, when they came to look more narrowly into their (ituation, they were unable to conceive upon what it was founded. To pafs by lan4 was impoflfiblc, as the way lay over m r ■' w 1 ::; . it #1 ji"» ' ^i 1 ; f 1 .. '■ i V:: I 1 , '■. "li % ,., ... ,, li 4 U -^t , ' Ji--4^' t .! II, ■ i n ■• ■"'■\\ jii'i Iv I 1 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE^s VOYAGES. 41 bver high mountains, thick woods, and deep rivers; they had not a tingle boat in their power, fo that paflage by water Teemed equally imprafticable. But Draice determined upon the only means of fuccefs which their condition afforded them ; and, ordering his men to make a raft out of the trees that were then floating in the river, ofi^red himfelf to put out to fea upon it, and chearfuUy aflced, who would accompany him. John Owen, John Smith, and two Frenchmen, who were willing to (hare his fortune, embarked with him on the rift, which was fitted out with sL fail made of the bifcuit facks in which they had carried their provifions^ and formed a kind of oar to direct its courfe inftead of a rodder. Then, having comforted the reft With aflurances of his regard for them, and teibldtion to leave nothing uriattempted for thdr ddi^erance^ he put off; and, after having with mucli difficulty failed three leagues, dc* (cfltcd two pinnaces hailing towards him, which) upon & heater apprdadh. Ire difcbvered to be his own; and, hailing them, propofed that they ihould anchor behind a point that jutted out ihto the fea^ While he put to fhote ; and, crof- fing the land on foot, Was received by his com- pany with that fatisfa6lioni which is only known to thofe who have been acquainted with dan- gers and ^ftrejTes. The fame night they towed filently to Rio Francifco, where they embarked the whole company, with what treafure they had beeii Vol. I. G able m Hu'. I mm 'M il ,.1if 42 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. able to briiig witlv them through the woods ; then failing back with the utmoll expedition, they returned to their frigate, and foon after to their (hip, where Drake divided the gold and filver equitably between the French and Englifh. Here tHey fpent fourteen days in fitting out their frigate more completely-, during which time, the Frenchmen, with their fliip, lay among the Cabezes, while twelve Englilb and fiscteen Symerons travelled once more into the country, as well to recover the French Captain, ■whom they had left wounded, as to bring away the treafure which they had hid in the woods, Drake, whom his company would not fuffer ta hazard his perfon in another land expedition, went with them to Rio Francifco, where he found one of the Frenchmen who had ftaid to attend their Captain, and was informed by him» upon his enquiries after his fortune^ that, half an hour after their feparation, the Spaniards came upon them, and eafily feized upon the wounded Captain; but that his companion might have efcaped with him, had he not pre* ferred moiiey to life •, for feeing him throw down a box of jewels that retarded him, he could not forbear taking it up, and, with that and the gold which he had already, was fo loaded that he could not efcape. With regard to the bars of gold and filver which they had concealed in the ground, he informed them that 200 men had been employ- ed in fearching for them. The people, how- ever^ cither miftrufting the informer's veracity, or con- Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 43 confident that what they had hidden could not be found, purfued their journey *, but upon their arrival at the place, found the ground turned up for two miles round, and were able to reco- ver no more than 1 3 bars of filver, and a fmall quantity of gold. They difcovered afterwards, that the Frenchman who was left drunk in the woods, falling into the hands of the Spaniards, was tortured by them till he confefled where Drake and his company had concealed their plunder i fo fatal to Drake's expedition was the drunkennefs of his followers. Then, difmiffing the French, they pafled by Carthagena with their colours flying, and foon after took a frigate laden with provifions and honey, which they valued as a great redorative, and then failed away to the Cabezes. Here they ftaid about a week to careen their veflfels, and fit them for a long voyage, determining to fet fail for England ; and that the faithful Sy- merons might not go away unrewarded, broke up their pinnaces, and gave them the iron, the moft valuable prefent in the world to a na- tion whofe only employments were war and hunting, and amongit whom fhow and luxury had no place. Pedro, their Captain, being de- fired by Drake to go through the Ihips, and to chufe what he mofl: defired, fixed his eye upon a fcymetar fet with jewels, which the French Captain had prefented to Drake for the provi- fions with which he had fupplied him, and, be- ing unwilling to a(k for fo valuable a prefent, G 2 offered tivi:. Til I s, ■) ■f,i -: m 44 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES, offered for it four large quoits, or thick plates of gold, which he had formerly concealed in the waters ; but Drake, dpfirous to (hew him, that fidelity feldom is without a recompence, gave i; him with the highefl profe^ions of fatisfa^ion and efteem. Pccjro, receiving i; wjth the ut- moft gratitude, informed him, that by bellow- ing it he had conferred greatnefs and honour upon him ; for, by ptefenting it to his King, he doubted not of obtaining the higheft rank among the Symerons. He then perfiiled in his refolution of giving him the gold, which was of-? tentateoufly thrown by Drake into the common flock } pretending, that thofe at whqfe expence§ he had been fent out, ought to fhare in all the gain of the expedition. Thus was Drake's cha- rader confident with itfelf ; he was equally vain ^nd avaricious i and by this fpecious ihew of ho-r nefty, his view was to engage his followers to do the like ; yet whatever lengths he might go to fave appearances, he had fcarce cgpning enough to difguife the artifice. They now forfook the coaft of America, which for many months they had kept in perpetual 4- larms, having taken more than lOo veflels of all fizes between Carthagena and Nombre de pios, of which, however, they never deftroyed any, unlefs they were fitted out againfl them, nor ever detained the prifoners longer than was neceflary for their own fecurity or concealment | a behaviour which humanity didates, and which even policy cannot difapprove. He mull, cer- tainly, Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 45 tainly, meet with obftinate oppofuion who makes it equally dangerous to yield as to refill, and who leaves his enemies no hopes but from vidloryt. What riches they acquired is not particularly related •, but, it is not to be doubted, that the plunder of fo many veiTels, together with the niver feized at Nombre de Dios, muft have a- mounted to a very great funi, though the (hare that was allotted to Drake was not fuiBcient to lull him into effeminacy, or to reprefs his nar tural inclination to adventures. They arrived gt Plymouth on the 9th of Auguit, 157$^ ob Sunday in the afternoon -, and fo much were the people elated with the news of their arrival, that they left the preacher, and ran in crouds to the key with (houts and congratulations. Dralce having, in the voyage jiifL mentioned, had a view of the South Sea, as has already been related, and formed a refolution to fail upon it, did not fuffer himfelf to be diverted from his defign by the profpe6l of any di(ficulliies that might obftrudl: the attempt, nor any danger that might attend the execution. His reputa- tion wa9 fufficiently eflablifhed to remove ali obft^cles (for obftacles he met with,) and to obyiate the motives that produced them % but it was not till the year 1577, that he was able to aifemble a force proportioned to hisdeOgn, and to obtain a commiffion from the Queen*, by • This commiflion, which was always qacftioned, is now irpon the ftrongeil prefumpcive evidence denied, ag will be feen in the fequel. which te il I, f * ■*i if "• U'Wt V' ' - 'v'i :»! Wmm ■•' 4 . "■■ . T 'il'r. ( ' ■/ ! ■■ H,im 'ri -M 7;-r 46 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. which he was conftituted Captain-General of t fquadron, confiding of five vefTels, of which the Pelican, of 100 cons, was commanded by him- felf as Admiral } the Elizabeth, of 80 tons, Vice- Admiral, commanded by John Winter; the Marygold, of 30 tons, by John Thomas ; the Swan, of 50 tons, by John Chcfter i and the Chriftopher, of 15 tons, by Thomas Moon, the honed carpenter, who, on the former voyage, deftroyed the Swan by Drake's dire(5tion. Thefe (hips, equipped partly by himfelf, and partly by other private adventurers, he manned with 164 (lout failors, and furnifhcd with fuch provifions, as he thought nece(rary for fo long and hazardous a voyage : nor did he confine his concern to the ordinary equipment of his (hips with naval ftores and military preparations, but carried with him whatever he thought might contribute to raife, in thofe nations with which he (hould have intercourfe, the highefV ideas of the arts and grandeur of his native country. He, therefore, not only procured a complete fervice of (ilver-plate for his own table, and 'furni(hed the cook-room with many veflTels of the fame metal, but engaged feveral muficians to accompany him ; rightly judging, that no^ thing would more excite the admiration of fa- vages, or uncivilized people, than the , powers of mu(ic. On this occafion, however, it muft not be concealed, that he engaged his men on (he falfe pretence of failing to Alexa^idria ; and •■-■':'■: ' tha^ Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 47 that it was not till after he arrived on the coalt of Brazil, that he acquainted them with his dcfign of pafllng the Straits, and entering the South Seas. On the 15th of Nov. 1577, about three in the afternoon, he failed from Plymouth } but a heavy dorm (fuch as no man on board had ever feen the like,) taking him almoll as foon as out of port, forced him into Falmouth, where he ftaid till the 1 3th of December to refit. He then took his departure, and on the 25th of the fame month fell in with the coaft of Barbary, and on the 27th cad anchor at the idand of Mo- gadore, about one mile diHant from the main, between which and the ifle they found a very convenient harbour. Here he began to build the pinnaces, the frames of which he brought ready from Plymouth to be put together, as in his former voyage. While the carpenters were employed in this fervice, they were difcovered by the Moors that inhabit thofe coafts, who fenc two of their Chiefs on board Drake's ihip, re- ceiving at the fame time two of his company as hoftages. Thefe men he not only treated in the moft hofpitable manner, but prefented them with fuch things as they appeared moft to ad- mire *, it being with him an eftablilhed maxim* to endeavour to fecure in every country a kind reception to fuch £ngli(hmen as (hould come after him, by treating the inhabitants with a ihew of kindnefs and gencrofity. " ' rl' ' But •fit III. 48 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE's VOYAGES. ; Blic this friendly intercourfe was in appear- ance foon broken \ for, on the next day, ob- ferving the Moors making fignals from the land, they fenc out their boat, as before, to fetch them to the (hip 5 and one John Fryei leapt adiore^ intending to become an hodage, as on the former day, when immediately he was feized by the Moors ; and the crew, obferving great numbers flart from behind a rock with weapons in their hands, thought it next to mad-^ ftefs to attempt his refcile^ and, therefore, pro- vided for their own fecurity by returning to the ihip. Frye was mounted on horfeback, and immediately carried up into the country td their King, who being then in continual expectation of an invafion from Portugal, fufpefted that thefe ihips were fent only to reconnoitre the coaft, and difcover a proper harbour for a more formidable Beet i but, being informed who they Were, and whither they were bound, not only difmilTed the captive, but made large offers of friendihip and afliflance; which Drake, how-^ ever, did not (lay to receive; but being dif- giifted at this breach of the laws of commerce^ and apprehending further treachery, he quitted the coaft on December gi, and on the 17th of January arrived at Cape Blanco, having in their paiTage taken feveral Spanif)i veffels, and found one in the harbour with no men. Here, while Drake was employing his meni in catching fifh, and training them for land its wett as fea fervice, the natives came down to the §iR FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 49 the Tea fide with ambergreafe and other gums, to traffic for fuch commodities as they then ftood moil in need of, and with which Drake very copiouOy fupplied them. Having rifled and difcharged the Spanifh (hips which they had taken, they failed on the aid of January towards the ides of Cape Verd^ and on the 27th came to anchor before Mayo^ hoping to furnilii themfelves with frefli water } but, having landed, they found the chief town deferted } and, marching farther up the country, faw the vallies extremely fruitful^ and abound- ing with ripe flgs^ cocoes, and plantains, but could by no means prevail upon the inhabitants to converfc Or traffic with them. However^ they were fuflfered by them to range the coun- try without moledation, but found no water^ except at fuch a diftance from the fea, that the labour of carrying it to their (hips was greater than it was at that time nece(rary for them to undergo. Salt, had they wanted it, might have been obtained with lefs trouble, being left by the fea upon the fands, and hardened by the fun during the ebb, in fuch quantities, that the chief traffic of this ifland is carried on by means of it. Thus, though the idand abound^ cd with goats, poultry, and delicious fruits of Various kinds, they could procure none of any confequence, becaufe the Portuguefe, who were then in pofleffion of it, were prohibited all com-* merce with ftrangcrs on very fcvere penalties* Vol. I. H On 'I'iijl 1 m:'-'' ■::M '1 '■•« ; 'm i; i: i ■ii' 'ilJf^r' ,' I ! 50 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. On the j I ft of January they made St. Iago» an idand at that time divided between the na- tives and the Portuguefe, who, firft entering thefe idands under the fhew of traffic, by de- grees eftablifhcd themfelves, claimed a fupe- riority over the natives, and harrafied them with fuch cruelty* that they obliged them either to fly to the woods and mountains, where many of them periflied with hunger, or to take arms againft their oppreflbrs, and, under the infupe- rable difadvantages with which they contended, to die almoll without a battle. Such treatment had the natives of St. lago received, which had driven them into the rocky part3 of the iHand, from whence they made incUfdons into the plantations of the I^>rtugueie» fbmetimes with lofs, but generally with that fuccefs which def- peration produces ; fo that the Ponuguefc were in continual alarms, and lived with the natural confequences of guilt, terror^ and anxiety. They were wealthy but not happy, and poifefi'- ed the ifland, but did not enjoy it. In pafling this idand, the garrifon of the fort difcharged three pieces of cannon at them, but without efFeft. For this infult they took a Por- tuguefe (hip laden with wires, the pilot of which they retained, but fet the reft of the crew on (hore. This man, Nuno da Sih^a by name, was very ufeful to them in traverfing the coaft of Brazil, being acquainted with the bays and har- bours where frelh water and provifions were to be obtained. Him they continued to detain captive,. ,'1 I Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 51 captive, though they broke up his ftiip before they entered the Straits, till they were about tp leave the coafts of Fcru, when finding him np longer ferviceable, they fet him on fhore in the SpaniQi fep^lemencs, from whence he afterwards returned home, and wrote an account of the voyage as far as he went, which is thought by many to be very authentic. It was foon after the capture of this fliip that 3 difference argfe between Drake and his friend, Mr. Thomas Doughty, which, gradually increaf- ing, grew into inveteracy, and terminated atlaft in the death of the latter. Doughty was a gen- tleman and a fcholar, whom Drake had perfuad- cd to ^ipbark in this expedition to better his for- tune ^ and to wbomt till the incidejit happened which we are^bput to relate, he had ihewn pai?- ticular marks of favour and friendfhip •, but tri- vial beginnings are often produdive of the mod important events. The ground of the malevolence mth which Drake purfued Doughty, under the colour of juilice, has hitherto lain concealed from the public eye i but we fhall now trace it, ftep by ftep, till the fatal period when the unhappy vidtim was brought to the block, and when Drake, by fuffering revenge to triumph over virtue, left an indelible blot upon his character, which no panegyric can wipe away. Among the Harleian manufcripts there is a written account of this voyage, in which the author has particularly had his eye on this tranf- H 2 adion. m ■ ! iii' (i i '4( 52 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. * adion. As he was an eyc-witncfs of all tlia; paffcd, his relation will beft appear in his own words : " Captain Drake, fays he, having *« boarded the fhip of Nuno da Sylva, and «' feafted his eyes with the view of the commo- *« dities, he committed the cuftody and well- f« ordering of this prize unto Mafter Thomas *' Doughty, as his good and cfteemed friend, ** praying him in any cafe to fee good order ** kept, and whofo (hould be the breaker there- " of, to give him to underftand of any fuch •♦ without exception of any. " It thus chanced that General Drake had 9, " brother (not the wifeft man in Chriftendom), whom he put into this faid prize, as alfo di- *' vers others. This Thomas Drake, as one *• more greedy of prey than covetous of honefty •* or credit, offered himfelf the firft and only *' man to break the General his brother's coni- " mandment -, for he, contrary to his ftridt pro- *' hibition, did not only break open a cheft, but " did dive fuddenh into the fame, that Mafter *' Doughty knew n t liow to difcharge himfelf *' againft the General but by revealing it unto *« him ; yet firft Mafter Doughty cailed Tho- *' mas Drake unto him, and ftiewed him his great folly in this behalf, who, yielding unto his fault, prayed Mafter Doughty to be good •* unto him, and keep it from the General ; ** but he briefly told him he could not keep it, •* but he would deliver it with what favour he ^* (night. So at the General's next. coming on " boar4 «( «( he on ar4 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 53 -*• board the prize, Mafter Doughty opened the ?« fame unto him, who prefentiy falling into a f* rage, not without feme great oaths, feemed ^* to wonder what Thomas Doughty (hould *' mean to touch his brother •, and did, as ic •* were, aflure himfelf that he had fome farther " meaning in this, and that he meant to ftrikc *' at his credit, and he would not, or could nor, •• by God's life (as he phrafed it,) fuffcr it. ?• From this time forth grudges did feem to ^ grow between them from day to day, to the ^' no fmall admiration of the reft of the com- **" pany, although fome envying his former fa- *' your and friendftiip with the General, and •' fome, I think, doubting that his capacity ** yrould reach too far fo the aggrandizing his *^ credit in the country, talked varioufly of the f * matter ; however. Matter Doughty was put again into the Pelican. Thus grudges, al- though they had not long refted, yet were they grown to great extremities, fuch and fo great as a man of any judgment would verily f* think that his love towards him in England was more in brave words than hearty good will or friendly love." So v/rices our author. In proceeding on their voyage, they came within fight of Fogo, an ifland f > called from a mountain about the middle of it continually |)urning, and like the reft inhabited by the Por- tuguefe. Two leagues to the fouth of Fogo lies Brava, which has received its name from its fertility, abounding with all kinds of fruits, and cc «4 €t tl «C « I 1 I '1 m ^ mim' III 'il il If n ■m% V';'' ■'■.■: . ■•! ( 54 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. and watered with great numbers of fprings and brooks, but, having neither harbour nor anchor- age, was at that time uninhabited. Drake* having fent out his boats with plum- mets to found, was not able to Bnd any ground about it ; and it is reported, that many experi- ments of the like kind have been made without fuccefs. However, he took in water fufficicnt; andon the 2d of Feb. fet fail for the coaft of Brazil. On February the 17th, hepalTed the equator, after being becalmed near three weeks, during which time they bad dreadful ftorms of thunder with lightning, but without any memorable ac- cident, till, continuing their voyage, on March 2$, one of their vellels with 2 S men, and the greatefl: part of the fredi water on board, was, to their great difcouragement, fcparated from them 5 but their perplexity lafted not long, for on the next day they difcov^red her, and (he again joined her ailbciates. In their long courfe, which gave them opportunities of obferving feveral animals, both in the air and water, at that time very little known, nothing enter-, tained or furprized them more than the flying- fiih, which is nearly of the fame fize with a herring, and has fins of the length of his whole body, by the help of which, when he is pur- fued by the benito (a large kind of mackarel,) as foon as he finds himfelf upon the point of being taken, he fprings up into the air, and flies forward as long as his wings continue wet,moif- turc being, as it feems, ncceflary to make them pliant Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. $$ pliant and moveable ; and, when they become dry and ftifF, he falls down into the water, un- Icfs fome veffel intercepts him, and dips them again for a fecond flight. This unhappy ani- mal is not only purfued by fifhes in his natural clement, but attacked in the air, where he hopes for fecurity, by the don or fpar kite, a great bird that preys upon Blh ; and their fpecies muil certainly be deftroyed, were not their increafe fo great, that the young fry, in one part of the year, covers that part of the fea. There is another fifh, named the cuttle, of which whole (hoals will fometimes rife at once out of the water, and of which a great multi" tude fell into their (hip. At length, having failed without fight of land for 54 days, they arrived April the 5th on the coaft of Brazil. ** In the mean while, you (hall ** hear, fays our author, what befd : Mafter ** Drake, never leaving to feek and force upon Mafter Doughty, found, in the end, this op- portunity to degrade him. Whether of pur- pofe, or his own voluntary, it chanced John' •* Brown the trumpet to go aboard the Pelican, •* where, for that he had been long abfent, the •« company offered him a hobbey, among the •* which, Mafter Doughty putting in his hand, •• faid. Fellow John, you (hall have in my hand, •* although it be but light amongft the reft ;. *' and fo laying his hand on his buttock, which •' perceived of John Trumpet, he began to fwear *' wounds and blood to the company to let him " looie, cc (« •c m m 'in II "J ' V ^rinMii !»4 l> ' " 1 1/ I (I 1 ij , , )! ' i .could not be prevailed upon to come nearer. The Englilh, therefore, tied their ppefents to a pole, which they fixed in the ground, and then rearing, faw the Indians advance, who taking what they found upon the pole, left in return fuch feathers as they wore upon their heads, with a fmall b>ne about fix inches in length, carved round the top, and burnilhed. Drake obferving their inclination to friendlhip and traffic, advanced with fome of his company towards the hill, upon fight of whon^ the Indians ranged themfelves in a line from eaft to weft, and one of them running from one end of the rank to the other, backwards and forwards, bowed himfelf towards the rifing and fetting of the fun, holding his hands over his head, and, frequently flopping in the middle of the rank, leaped up towards the moon, which then (hone diredlly over their heads ; thus calling the fun and moon, the deities they worfhip, to witncfs to the fmcerity of their profeffions of peace and friendfhip. While this ceremony was per- forming, Drake and his company afcended the hill, to the apparent terror of the Indians, whofe apprehenfions when the Englilh perceived, they peaceably retired, which gave the natives fo much encouragement, that they came forward immediately, and exchanged their arrows, fea- thers. Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 6i thcrs, and bones, for fuch trifles as were oflered them. Thus they traded for fome time ; but by frequent intercourfe, finding that no violence was intended, they became familiar, and ming- led with the Englifli without the lead dillruft. They go quite naked, except the Ikin of fon.e animals, which they throw over their Ihoulders when they walk or lie in the open air. They roll up their hair, which is very long, with a plume of oftrich*s feathers, and ufually flick their arrows in it, that they may not encumber them, they being made with reeds headed with flint, and therefore not heavy. Their bows arc about an ell long. Their chief ornament is paint, which they ufe of feveral kinds, delinea- ting generally upon their bodies the figures of the fun and moon in honour of their deities. It is obfervable, that the inhabitants of moft nations amongd whom the ufe of cloaths is un- known, paint their bodies. Such was the pradbice of the inhabitants of our own country. To this cuflom did our earlieft enemies, the Pidts, owe their denomination. As it is not probable that caprice or fancy Ihould be uni- form, there muft be doubtlefs fome reafon for a practice fo general, and prevailing in diftant parts of the world which have no communica- tion with each other. The original end of painting their bodies was ppbably to exclude the cold ; an end, which, if we believe fome rela- tions, is fo eflTetStually produced by it, that the men thus painted never ihiver at the mod pierc- ing ill .>!!*■' it I :i: :4! 1. 1 62 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. ing blafVs : but, doubtlefs, any people (o harden- ed by continual fcvericies, would, even without paint, be lefs fenfible of the cold than the civi- lized inhabitants of the fame climate. How- ever, this pradticc may contribute in fome de- gree to defend them from the injuries of win- ter, and, in thofe climates where little evaporates by the pores, may be ufed with no great incoh- vcniende : but in hot countries, where perfpira- tion in a greatei- delgrce is iieceflary, the natives only ufe unftion to preferve them from the other extreme of weather, or, more probably, from the inconvenience of theBies, which, were it not for that or fome fuch defence, would be intolerable. ' ^ Thefe favages had ho canoes, like the other Indians, nor any method of croffing the water ; which was probably the reafdn why the birds in the adjacent iflands were fo tanrie that they fnight be taken with the hand, having never been before frighted or molefted. The birds here fpoken of are, without doubt, the penguins, of which fo attiple a defcription is given in the Voyages of Byron and Wallis. The gteat plenty of thefe fowls, and of the feals that were founid evcry-where on the Ihores of this coaft, contri- buted itiuch to the refreftiment of the Englifli, who named the bay where they then lay, SeiU bay, frotti the number they there killed of thofc animals. Thefe feals feem to be the chief food of the natives •, for the Englifh often found raw pieces of Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 63 of their flelh half eaten, and left, as they fup- pofed, aft'iT a full meal, by the favages, whom they never knew to make ufc of fire, or any art in drefling or preparing their viduals. Nor were their other cuftoms Ids wild or uncouth than their way of feeding. One of them, having re- ceived a c^p off the General's head, and being extremely pleafed as well with the honour as the gift, to exprefs his gratitude, retired to a little diftance, and thrufting an arrow into his leg, let the blood run upon the ground, tedify- ing, as it is probable, that he was ready to fhed his blood in his defence. When the Swan fly boat was feparated from the fleet in the dorm oflf the coad of Brazil, the crew, defpairingof ever being able to rejoin it, began to be in fear for provifions. They were on a defart coaft, had no place of rendezvous, and were ignorant even of their place of defti- nation. In this untoward fituation a difpute arofe among the officers, of which the author of the manufcript before cited, gives the following relation: — He had already taken notice, that Matter Thomas Doughty had been fent on board this veflel as a kind of punifhment, and in truth fo it proved ; for the mailer of the vef- fel, who feems alfo to have been the purfer, knowing upon what terms he flood with Drake, took every occafion to infult, or, as our author's phrafe is, to difcredit him i for thofe were aU ways ranked among Drake's friends who were enemies to Mailer Doughty. " This man, " forefecing V" M /'JlflS-. 'I iil U , III '^ i'.M' El ill. ''"!•" : ^4 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. forefceing that provifions might run (hort, put himfelf from the mefs of Mafter Doughty, Captain Chefter, and the reft of the gentle- men, and did (tt himfelf amongft the failors, nothing at all fparing, but rather augmenting his own diet-, but how fcantily thofe gentle- men did fare, there be fome come home, that, except they will deny their own words, can make relation thereof. *' Mafter Doughty,with MafterChefter, whom the General had made Captain of the fly-boat, found themfelves fo ill ufed, that Mafter Doughty accofted his friend one day in thefe words : I marvel, Mafter Chefter, that you will take it at his hands to be thus ufed, con- fidering that you were here authorized by the General to be our Commander. And, at the fame time, he fpoke to the Mafter, and told him, that he ufed lb much partiality in the diftribution of his provifions, that the fame could not be borne, confidering the extremity they were like to fall into for want of victuals ; and that it was againft reafon that he and his mefllnates fhould be fo plentifully fed, while others were at the point to ftarve. The Maf- ter hereat putting himlelf in a rage, fwore that fuch rafcals as he was (hould be glad to cat the ftioals (hulks) when he would have them. Mafter Doughty anfwered him again, that reafon would will that he ftiould be ufed as well as other men, confidering his advantages. Thou any advantage here ! replied the Mat- ter, (C Lt [t r* It Is k( C( (C C( cc cc Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 6s .** ter, i would not give a point for thee nor thy advantages; and if ever thou comeft home to enjoy any advantages, I will be truffed up. " Then in multiplying words, and as 1 heard " a blow or two palling between them, theMaf- ter, in the fpleen of his heart, looking at him with an evil eye. Thou ! will thou have vic- ** tuals! thou (halt be glad, if we do not meet " with the General, the rather to eat that falls from my tail on the anchor fluke ere thou getteft home again. Then Mafter Doughty, «* turning to Mafter Chefter, faid unto him, " Mafter Chefter, let us not be thus u fed at *' this knave's hands. Lofe nothing of that au- thority that the General committed unto you. If you will, we will put the fword into your hands again, and you fhall have the govern- *' ment. This cafe I will aver to be true, fo^ •' there were two or three witnefiTes fworn to <-* thefe articles, as fome of the fpecial matter •* that he had to lofe his head for." '•■''' > It was not many days after this quarrel before the Swan fell in again with the fleet; when Drake, as has been faid, caufed her to be hauled on Ihore, fet on fire, and burnt ; or, as others fay, broke up and converted into fire-wood for the ujfe of the fleet. ''''•"• ' " " Mr. Doughty, being here delivered from the fly-boat, was again reftored to the Pelican, where the maltet with whom he had the difpute ap- pears to have preferred a complaint againfl: him, and with fuch aggravations as he thought pro- VoL. I. K per C( cc «• ,■*. t i;:i ' mm ' l':> (ir J '.'■', I ■ ■J vi'^■' 1i." mm :iH 'ii'-.it!5 M.1 66 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. per to add } all which were favourably heard, and credit given to the whole relation by the General, who wanted only a pretence to per- feverc in his fe verity to the man who, being once his favourite, was now become the objedt of his averHon. Doughty, provoked, no doubt, by the mifre- prefentations of the mafter, and the partiality with which they were heard, gave the General fome opprobrious language, adding, *' that the ** lighted word that came out of his (Doughty 's) ** mouth was to be believed as foon as the Ge- ** neral's oath. Whereupon the General did not ** only ftrike him, but commanded him to be *' bound to the maft 5 for the accomplifhment ** of which, the mafter of the fly-boat took no *« little pains. This happened as the two (hips «• (the Pelican and the Canter) lay together 5 and <« as foon as Doughty was releafed, he was put ** into the Canter, although greatly againft his *< will, for that he faid he knew them to be there «' that fought his life, as namely the mafter of «« the fly-boat, and fome other defperatc and ** unhoneft people; but would he or no, thi- " ther he muft, or elfe the General fwore he *< would lift him out with the tackle, and for ** that purpofe commanded the tackle to be ** loofed. Thus aboard the Canter he went, and •« his brother John Doughty with him." The Canter was a veflTel taken from the Spaniards on the coaft of Africa. While he for be and he on hile t( a cc Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 67 While they lay in this harbour, there is one remarkable incident related by this author that deferves particular notice, as it tends to illuftrate the previous fteps that were purfued to accom- plilh the ruin of this unfortunate gentleman. *' On board the fly boar^ fays he, was one ** Thomas Cuttle, who fome time had been *' Captain of the Pelican under Drake, with ** whom the General had been tampering. This man came out from him in great wrath, and offering to go over to the main, between the which, and the ifland where they then lay, *• was (as has been faid) but a (hallow water. •* He, (landing well nigh up to the middle in " the water with his piece, uttered thefe words, ** Well, my Mafters, quoth he, I find I am " heavily borne with here, becaufe I will not *> accufe this gentleman (meaning Doughty) of **^ that, as 1 take God to witnefs, I know not by " him i and, therefore, I declare before you all, *' that, whatfoever becomes of me, I never knew " any thing by him but to be the General's " friend j and, rather than I will bide this hard t' countenance at the General's hands, I will *< yield myfelf into cannibal's hands; and fo I «* pray you all to pray for me." After this public declaration the man depart- ed ; and, having reached the oppofite fhore, he went up into the country, where firing his piece to bring the natives to him, Drake taking it for a fignal that he wanted to return, fent a boat over to the main, and brought him back. K ? Jqft i ill I -WW' [It i'-''*/;.f.|i 3 Ml;i.r: c 'r li?: «c cc (C 68 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES. Juft before their departure from this harbour, which lay irf a bay a little to the fouthward of Cape Hope, " Captain Drake himfclf came on *« board the Elizabeth, and calling all the com- *« pany together, told them, that he was to fend " thither a couple of men, the which he did not know how to carry along with him this voyage, and go thro' therewithal, as namely, quoth he, Thomas Doughty, who is a com- " motionerand a feditious fellow, and a very bad *' and lewd fellow, and one that I have made that *' reckoning of as of my left hand -, and his bro- " ther the young Doughty, a witch, a poifoner, *' and fuch a one as the world cannot judge " of, having his knowledge from the devil ; ** and fo warning the company that none fhould «« fpeak to them, nor ufe any conference with •' them*, if they did, he would hold them as «' his enemies, and enemies to the voyage. <' And he willed that great care Ihould be taken *' that they (hould neither write nor read ; and then he declared what wealth the word boy in the fleet fliould get by this voyage, and ** how the worft boy fhould never need to go ** again to fea, but fhould be able to live in *' England with a right good gentleman ; for, *' quoth he, you fhall fee that we will have <* gold come as plentiful as wood into the fhips. ** Having finifhed his fpeech, he departed, and *' fhortly after fent the faid Thomas Doughty >' and his brother aboard the Elizabeth, com-s ^^ manding them, as they would anfwer it with ;heir (C ,. ^« (C (( {( Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 69 «« their lives, not to fet pen to paper, nor yet to «' read but what every man might underftand *' and fee. And fure, adds om author, their «' entertainment there was accordingly ; for men durft not fpeak to them, although wil- lingly perhaps they would i and a,<; their fare was with the fimpleft in the Ihip, fo was their ♦« lodging. But he, Thomas Doughty, having *' agreed with the boatfwain of the (hip for a «* cabin which flood, God knows, in an uncom- «« fortable room, yet muft he pay 3 1. for the «« fame in England. But what came of this to *« the poor fellow ! he was fain for his friendly *« ufing him to lofe his office, and continue in «' heavy difpleafure." Having ftaid fifteen days in the harbour, during which time they continued their friendly intercourfe with the favages, on June the 3d they fet fail towards the South Sea, and fix days afterwards ftopt at a little bay to break up the Chriftopher, which from the fmallnefs of its fize was found incapable of living in thofe boif- terous feas, of which, before they entered them, they had conceived no adequate idea. Then paffing on, they found it neceflary to cafl: anchor in another bay, with a view to recover the Por- tuguefe prize, which was feparated from them in the ftorm of the 27th of April, and had not yet rejoined them. To return in fearch of it was fufficiently mortifying; to proceed without it, was not only to deprive themfelves of a confi- derable part of their force, but to expofe their friend^ m :l'l •; 1 .i;i«' •Hi': ,!■: ;'^ "nl ': ■t.':iiJ,s;ki.^;r ik !t|' i ^ < 70 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. friends and companions, who had volunrarily embarked on board her, to certain death or certain captivity. This conHderation prevail- ed; and, therefore, on the 18th, after prayers to God, with which Drake (for example's fake) never forgot to begin an enterprize, he put to fea, and the next day near Port Julian difcovered (heirafibciates, whofe (hip was now grown leaky, having fuffered much in the firft florm by which they were feparated, and afterwards in the fruit- ]efs attempts to regain the fleet. Drake, there- fore, being defirous to relieve their fatigues, en- tered Port Julian. They no fooner landed than they were accoftcd by two of the natives, of whom Magellan left a very terrible account, having defcribed them as a nation of giants and moniters : nor did they find his narrative entirely without foundation ; for the lead of thofe taey faw was larger and taller than the largeft of their company. The two who accofted the Englilh appeared much pleafed with their new guefts, received willingly whatever was given them, and very exaftly obferved every thing that paired, feeming more particiilarly delighted with feeing Oliver, the mafter- gunner, (hoot an Englifti arrow. They fliot themfelves likewife in emulation, but their arrows always fell to the ground far (hort of his. Soon after this friendly conteft came another, who, obferving the familiarity of his country- men with the ftrangers, appeared much dif- pleafed $ and, as the Englifhmen perceived, en. dcayoyrcd m Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 71 deavoured to perfuade them from fuch an in- tercourfe. What efTe^b his arguments had was foon after apparent; for another of Drake's companions, being defirous to (hew the third Indian a fpecimen of the Englifh valour and dexterity, attempted likewifcto (hoot an arrow; but, drawing it with his full force, burft the bow-ftring : upon which, the Indians, who were unacquainted with their other weapons, imagin- ing themdifarmed, followed the company as they were walking negligently down towards their boat, and let fly their arrows, aiming particularly at Winter, who had the bow in his hand. He, finding himfelf wounded in the Ihoulder, endea- voured to reBt his bow ; and, turning about, was pierced with a fecond arrow in the breaft. Oliver, the gunner, immediately prefented his piece at the infidious afTailants, which failing to take fire, gave them time to level another flight of arrows, by which he was killed ; nor, per- haps, had any of them efcaped, furprized and unprepared as they were, had not Drake anima- ted their courage, and direfbed their motions, or« dering them, by perpetually changing their places, to elude as much as might be the aim of their enemies, and to defend their bodies with their targets ; and inflruding them by his own example to pick ^jp and break the arrows as they fell, which they did with fo much diligence that the Indians were foon in danger of being difarmed. Then Drake himfelf taking the gun, which Oliver had fo unluccefsfuUy attempted td i 4 1 J ': :r. 72 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES* to make ufe of, difcharged it at the Indian that firft began the fray and had killed the gunner, aiming it fo happily that the hail-fhot, with ^hich it was loaded, tore open his belly^ and forced him to fuch terrible outcries, that the Indians, though their numbers increafed, and many of them (hewed themfelves from different parts of an adjoining wood, were too much ter- rified to renew the aflault -, and fuffered Drake without moledation to withdraw his wounded friend, who, being hurt in his lungs, languilhed two days, and then dying, was interred with his companion with the ufual ceremony of a mili- tary funeral. They (laid here two months after this quar* rel, without receiving any other injury from the natives, in which time they difcovered the gibbet on which Magellan had formerly execu- ted fome of his mutinous company, and where *' Drake, according to the writers of the Bio- *' graphia Britannica, did the lead commendable " adion of his life, in executing Mr. John Doughty, a man next in authority to him- felf i in which, however, he prefervcd a great *' appearance of juftice." To clear this matter fully, it will be ncceflary to bring together the fubftance of what thefe authors have faid on the fubjeft, and then to add the plain relation from the manufcript al- ready quoted. * Here it was (at Port St. Julian,) fay thefe f writers, that on a fudden, having carried the * prin- ce €C ! J'il Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 73 . principal perfons engaged in the fervice to a defart iOand lying in the bay, he called a kind of councilor war, orrather court-mart'-''., where heexpofed his commiflion, by which ine Queen granted him the power of life and death, which was delivered him with this remarkable ex- preflion from her own mouth i We do account that he^ Drake^ who (Irikes at thee^ doesftrike at us. He then laid open, with great eloquence, (for, though his education was but indifferent, he had a wonderful power of fpeech) the caufe of this aflembly. He proceeded next to charge Mr. John Doughty, who bad beenfecond in com- mand during the whole voyage^ when Drake was prefent, and firli" in his abience, with plotting the deftru6lion of the undertaking, and the murder of his perfon. He faid he had the firft notice of this gentleman's bad intentions before he left England •, but that he was in hopes his behaviour towards him would have extin- guiihed fuch difpofition, if there had been any truth in the information. He then appealed for his behaviour to the whole affembly, and to the gentleman accufed. He next expofed his pradtices trom the time that he left t ngland, while he lived towards him with all the kind- nefs and cordiality of a brother ; which charge he fupported by producing papers under his own hand, to which Mr. Doughty added a full and free confefTion. After this, the Captain, or, as in the language of thofe times he is call- ed, the General, quitted the place, telling the yoL. I. la * aflembly I ;l i I 1/ X ■!.£• ■■•■'• ^ if 'A 74 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. « aflembly he expefled that they (liould pafs a * verdidt upon liiin, for he would be no judge * in his own caufe. Camden, as the reader will * fee, fays, that he tried him by a jury, but, * other accounts afHrm, that the whole forty * perfons of which the court was compofcd, had * judged him to death, and gave this in writino* * under their hands and feals, leaving the time * and manner of it to the General. Mr. Doughty * himfclf faid, that he defired rather to die by * the hands of juftice than to be his own execu- ' tioner. Upon this, Captain Drake, having ^ maturely weighed the whole matter, prefented * three points to Mr. Doughty's choice : firll, ^ to be executed upon the ifland where they f were ; next, to be fet on fhore on the main « land ; or, laftly, to be fcnt home to abide the ^ juftice of his country. He defired he might » have till the next day to confider of thefe, ' which was allowed him, and then, giving his » reafons for rejeding the two laft, he declared * that he made the firft his choice -, and, having received the facrament with the General, from the hands o( Mr. Francis Fletcher, Chaplain to the fleet, and made a full confelTion, his head f was cut oflf with an axe by the Provoft-Mar- * fhal, July the 2d, 1578. * As to the imputation which this matter * brought upon Drake, we will firft cite what ^ Camden fays of this tranfadion : " On the <* 26th of April, entering into the mouth of the 2 river of Plate, he faw an infinite number of of cc 'J' ^ ill fim m.\ 'is ,'H. ^tf m^' Ifi i 'iL ■if ' 1 La I 'n , ■"^- ■*='!- Ill ; 1 «( <( 78 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. " you may, to difcredit me, to the great hin- *' derance and overthrow of this voyage 5 be- *' fides other great matters with which 1 have *' to charge you, the which, if you can clear «' yourfelf of, you and 1 Ihal! be very good " friends •, whereof if you cannot, you have " defer ved death, Mafter Doughty anfwered, ** It fhould never be approved that he had me- *' rited ill by undertaking any villainy towards ** him. By whom, quoth the General, will you *' be tried ? Why, good General, faid he, let *' me live to come unto my country, and I will there be tried by her Majefty's laws. Nay, Thomas Doughty, faid he, I will here im- ** pannel a jury on you, to enquire into thofe •' matters that I have to charge you withal. «« Why, General, replied Doughty, I hope you will fee your com million be good. 1*11 war- rant you, anfwered ihe General, my Com- miflion is good enough. I pray you then let us fee it, faid Mafter Doughty j it is neceffary that it fhould be here fhewn. Well, quoth he, you fhall not fee it. Then, addreiTing himfelf to the company. You fee, my Mafters, «' how this fellow is full of prating, bind me his " arms, for I will be fafe of my life. My Maf- ters, you that be my good friends, Thomas Good, Gregory , you there, my friends, bind him ; fo they took and bound his arms be- " hind him. Then he uttered divers furious words unto Thomas Doughty, as charging him to be the man that poifoned my Lord of 5« EfTeXi cc cc cc sc <( cc «( cc cc cc cc cc PC (( [C IC (C (C l( cc (C ^( If ^c (C cc (C cc (C IC (C bk IC ct u (C (C (C t« Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 79 Effex i whereas Mafter Doughty avouched it to his face, that he was the man that brought the General firft to the prefence of my Lord in England, Thou bring ME, quoth the Ge- neral, to my Lord ! See, my Mafters, fee here how he goeth about to difcredit me. This fellow with my Lord was never of any eftimation. I think he never came about him as a gentleman ; for I that was daily with my Lord never faw him there above once, and that was long after my entertainment with my Lord. *' Then, in fine, was there a jury called, whereof Mailer John Winter was foreman. Then by John Thomas were the articles read unto them, even once over for a laji farewell for fear that men fhould have carried them away by memory ; all which appeared to confift of words of unkindnefs, and to pro- ceed of fome choler when the prifoner was provoked, all which Doughty did not greatly deny ; until at length came in one Edward Bright, whofe honefty of life I have nothing to do with, who faid. Nay, Thomas Doughty, we have other matter for you yet, that will a little nearer touch you. It will i'faith bite you to the girfkin. I pray thee, Ned Bright, laid the prifoner, charge me with nothing buc truth, and fpare me not. Then John Thomas, read further for his laft article to conclude the whole withal. That Thomas Doughty |hould fay to Edward Bright, in Mafter " Drake's 1^ h?' u.-- s ta ,i|.V J I i( cc (C ftC 80 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. ♦' Drake's garden, that the Queen's Majefty •' and Council would be corrupted. So Bright •' holding up his finger, faid. How like ye this •' gare, firrah ? Why, Ned Bright, fa id Mat- ter Doughty, what fhould induce thee thus to bclye me ? thou knoweft that fuch familiarity was never between thee and me : but it may be, that I have faid, if we brought home gold, *' we fhould be the better welcome -, but yet *' this is more than I do remember. Then it •' came out, on farther evidence, that Mafter •* Doughty (hould fay, that my Lord Treafurer •* had a plot of the prefent voyage. No, that ♦^ he hath not, quoth General Drake. The ** other replied, that he had, aad had it of him, " See, my Malters, faid Drake, what this fellow " hath done, God will have his treachery all •* known; for her Majefty gave me fpecial «« commandment, that of all men my Lord •« Treafurer (hould not know it ; but you fee *' his own mouth hath betrayed him : fo this *« was a fpecial article againft him to hurt his *• throat, and greatly he feemed to rejoice at *« this advantage. *' Then Mafter Doughty offered him, if he •' would permit him to live, and to anfwer " thefe objedlions in England, he would fet his *' hand to whatfo was there written, or to any •« thing el fe that he would fet down. Well, •' once let thefe men, quoth the General, firft <* find whether you are guilty in this or no, \\ and then we will talk further of th'j mattec. « And / i, u *i u «c u Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 8i ** And then he delivered (after they had all ** taken their oaths given by John Thomas) the bills of indidtment, as I may term them, unto Mr. John Winter, who was foreman of this inqueft. Then Mafter Leonard Vicary, a very affured friend of Mafter Thomas ** Doughty's, faid unto him, General, this is not law, nor agreeable to juftice, that you offer. I have not to do with you crafty lawyers, *' neither do I care for the law; but I know ** what I will do. Why, quoth Mafter Vicary, *' who was one of his jury, I know not how we may anfwer his life. Well, Mafter Vicary, quoth he, you ftiall not have to do with his life ; let me rdo •? with that; you are but to find whether hr . ;uilty in thefe articles th^t here are objeiStea againft him, or no. Why, very well, faid Mafter Vicary, then there is, I truft, no matter of death. No, no^ Mafter Vicary, quoth he ; fo with this the jury went together, finding all to be true, without any doubt or ftop made, but only to that article •' that Edward Bright had objeftcd againft *« him ; for it was doubted of fome whether •« Bright were fufRcient with his only word to *' caft away the life of a man. And truly it did •' argue fmall honefty in a man to conceal ** 4uch a matter if it had been fpoken in Eng- *• land, and to utter it in this place where will ** was k»w, and reafon put in exile ; for, an ho» *• neft fubjedl would not have concealed fuch ** matter, which made fome doubt of an honeft Vot. I. M *[ dealing. 4( CC C( tt «C KC C< 4C «( ii,!;3-ii,v'Hi' 82 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. m<*f. t^.'! cc 4C C« «C tc It it l( cc ughty continuing all this night, the next day, and the iecond night m his prayers, except fome fmall time that he ufed in fetting; his wordly bufinefs in fome way, and diftri- buting to fuch as he thought good, fuch things M as he then had with him, was the 2d day of •* July commanded tp prepare himfelf, and to ♦* make ready to die. Then mafter Doughty, ** with a more chearfur countenance then ever i! he had in all his life, to the fhow, as one that di4 cc C( <( (C cc «c whereof Thomas Cuttle was ** one, Hugh Smith was another, and divers ** others : whereupon, Smith prayed him to fay before the General then, whether ever they had any conference together that might re- dound to his (the General's) prejudice or de- *^ triment. He declared it at his death, that ** neither he, nor any man elfe^ ever pra6tifed *'' any treachery towards the General with him-| ** neither did he bimfelf ever think any villain- ^ ous thought againft him. Then he prayed *^ the General to be good unto the fame Hugh *^ Smith, and to forgive him for his fake. So •» the General faid. Well, Smith, for Mafter ** Doughty's fake, and at his requeft, I forgive ** thee ; but become an honeft man hereafter. ** So then, Mafter Doughty enibracing the Ge- ** neral, naming him his good Captain, bid him ^ farewel } and lb bidding the whole company ** farewd, he laid his head to the block, the which being flricken off, Drake moft de- fpitefiilly made the head to be taken up and Ibewed to the whole company, himfelf faying. See, this is the end of traitors I Sd he being buried, and thofe things finifhed, the whole company teing together, Mafter Drake pfotefted before God, that whofoever he was who ihould offend but the eighth part *^ that Thomas Doughty had done^ ftiould die "for u fiC «c €C «C M «< A 1^ 3^ i - »-'i./i!: y'f. .! ) ■It iKi' ilH -i-i cc «c «« «( cc cc c< cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc C( «c cc cc cc cc cc (f cc cc cc cc f which was open^ and calling Mafter Winter on one fide of himj and John Thomas on the other fide, his man laid before him a great paper book^ and withal Mafter Fletcher offer- ed himfelf to make a fermon. Nay foft, Mafter Fletcher, faiu he, 1 muft preach this day myfelf, although I have fmall (kill in preaching. Well, all ye the company, here are ye, or not? Anfwerwas made, that they were all here. Then Commanded he every fhips company feverally to ftand together} •* which was alio done. Then, faid he, My M afters, I am a very bad orator^ for rhy bringing up hath not been in learning j but ^' whatfo I fti all here fpeak, let every man take good notice of,- and let him write itd ;wn, for I will fpeak nothing but what 1 will anfwer it in England, yea, and before her Majefty, as I have it here already fct down [but whether *' it were in his book or not, that I know not, ** but this was the effedof it, and very near the tl words] : Thus it isy my Matters^ that we're ji a ** very I «( cc €« C( «« n (( a (« ^« c« ct (» n C( <( C( (C «c I 92 (C i!i \^m 94 Sir FRANCIS DRAlCE's VOYAGES. *' orders we are entangled intOi and, altho' fomc have already received condign punilhmenri as by death, who, 1 take God to witnefs, a§ you all know, was to me as liiy other hand, yet you fee, over and befides the reft, his ** o/fn mouth did bewray his treacherous deal- *' ings : and fee* how trulling to the lingularity *' of his own wit, he over-reacht himfelf ac *' unawares. But fee what God would havd *' to be donei for her Majefty commanded, *' that ot all men my Lord Treafurer Ihould " have no knowledge of this voyage, and to fee that his own mouth hath declared that he had given him a plot thereof. But, truly, my Matters, and as I am a gentleman, there ** Ihall no more die i I will lay my hand on no *' more, although there be here who hilve de- ferved as much as he i and fo chargihg one *« Worrall that was prefcnt, that his cafe Was '* worfe than Doughty's, who, in Maftcr *' Doughty 's extremities, was on6 of Drake's *' chief confellows, who, humbling himfelf to *' Drake, even upon his knees, prayed him to" *' be good urito him. Well, well, Worrall, *' faid he, you and I (hall talk well enough of this matter hereafter. Then he charged one John Audley with fome ill dealings towards •' him, but opened no mattef, but faid, he *' would talk with him alone after dinner. •* Here is fome again, my Mafters, not know- '* ing how elfe to difcrcdit me, fay and affirm, *' that 1 was fct forth on this voyage by Mafter *^ Hatconj 4( C( «C ic t^ <( Ul*'\' Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. ^5 Hatton 5 fome by Sir William Winter ; and fome by Mafter Hankins •, but thefe are a company of idle heads that have nothing elfe to talk of. And, my Mafters, I muft tell you, I do know them as my very good friends ; but to fay that they were the fitters forth of this voyage, or that it was by their means, I tell you it was nothing fo. But, indeed, thus it was. My Lord of Eflex wrote in my commen- dation unto Secretary Walfingham more than I was worthy •, but by like I had deferved fome- what at his hands, and he thought me in his let- ters a fit man to ferve again ft the Spaniards for my pradlice and experience that 1 had in that trade; whereupon, indeed. Secretary Walfing- ham did come to confult with his Lordfiiip, and declared unto him, that for that her Ma- jefty had received divers injuries of the King of Spain, for the which, (he defired to have fome revenge ; and withal, he fhewed me a plot, willing me to fet my hand, and to write down where 1 thought he might moft be an- noyed ; but I told him fome part of my mind, but refufed to fet my hand to any thing, afiirm- ing, that her Majefty was mortal, and that, if it ftiould pleafeGod to take her Majefty away, it might ib be that fome perfon might reign that might be in league with the king of Spain, and then will mine own Hand be a witnefs againft myfelf. Then was I very fbortly after, and on an evening, fent for unto her Majefty by Se- cretary Walfingham J and, the next day, com- -ing 'Ml, m m M. J •5'! 'h .'.lilt, -k n (t]^!i ':i»!; f g6 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. " ing to her Majefty, thefe, or the like words, •' flie faid, Drake, fo it is that I would gladly •* be revenged on the King of Spain for divers •* injuries that I have received : and faid fur- " ther,.that he was the only man that might do ♦• this exploit, and withal craved his advice *• therein, who told her Majefty of the fmall " good that was to be done in Spain, but the •* only way was to annoy him by his Indies. *' Then, with many more words, he (hewed forth a bill of her Majefty's adventure of 1000 crowns, which, however, he faid at fome time before, that her Majefty did give him •* towards his charges. He ftiewed alio a bill •' of Mafter Hatton's adventure, and divers let- •* ters of credit that had paflfed in his behalf; •' but he never let them come out of his own hands. He faid alfo, that her Majefty did fwear by her crown, I'hat, if any within her *' realm did give the King of Spain hereof to un^ *' derjiand {as fhe Jufpcoled but two\ they fhould *' lofe their heads therefore. And now, Mafters, *' faid he, let us confider what we have done : JVe ha-ve now fet together by the ears three mighty Princes, namely, her Majefiy, the Kings of Spain and Portugal', and, if this voyage fiwuld not have good fuccefs, we fhould not only be a *' f corning, or a reproachful fcoffingjiock unto our enemies, but alfo a great blot to our whole court' try for ever ; and, zvhat triumph would it be t6 Spain and Portugal -, and again, the like would « never be attempted. And now, reftoring every maii^ •c «( « C( «c (( (( «( 46 «( «4 C« (( (C «c «( (( «c (C C( c< (t C( tc Sir FRANCIS DRAKE^s VOYAGES. 97 «' man a2:ain to his former office, he ended : thus (hewing the company that he would fatisfy every man,, or eiie he would fell all that he ever had even unto his plate -, for, quoth he, I have good reafon to promife, and am bell able to perform it i for, 1 have fome- what of mine own in England j and, bcfides that, I have as much adventure in this vpyage as three of the bed whatlbeveri and, if itfo be, that I never come home, yet will her Ma- *' jefty pay every man his wages, whom indeed you and I all came to ferve ; and, for to fay you came to ferve me, 1 will not give you " thanks ; for it is only her Majefty that you •' ferve; and this voyage is only her fitting *' forth : fo v/illing all men to be friends, he *' willed them to depart about their bufinefs. «* The 8th of Auguft, they weighed anchor and «' departed •, but, the day before, he came on *' board the Elizabeth, and fwore very ve- " hemently, I know not upon what occafion, " that he would hang to the number of ^o in *' the fleet that had deierved it: and then " again charged Worrall that his cafe was " worfe than Doughty's, and that by God'fi •' wounds he had deierved to be hanged. And, *« Matter Winter, faid he, where is your man «« Ulyffes ? By God's life, if he were my man, I *« would cut ofFhis ears : nay, by God*s woitnds, « I would hang him ; but wherefore truly».I do f « not know." mm, Av ;* i 1, *J I 1 ■ ^ Vol. I. O Nothing %' III I PI H« ^'* rr 4 if 98 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. Nothing can be a clearer proof that Drake had no Government Commiflion than the above account. In his fpeech, which the writer fays is nearly in his own words, he does not fo much as pretend to have received any Commiffion, only a private intimation from the Queen and Wal- fmgham, that her Majefly wanted to be reveng- ed of divers injuries received from the King of Spain, but was countenancing four or Hve piratical plunderers to rob innocent people, a princely way for one Sovereign to take revenge of another, in times of profound peace ? It was, indeed, a pitiful connivance in Queen Elizabeh to engage 1000 crowns in a piratical adventure of this kind, and what could never have been credited of that magnanimous Princefs, had (he not afterwards approved of his piracy, by going aboard his (hip, and openly approving what, it was even then faid, leaft became a trading nation to encourage, the breach of treaties, and piratical pradtices. But, it is remarkable, that five months elapfed after his return to England before her Majefty's pieafure was publicly known ; during which lime men talked vari- QuQy of the expedition, and the fate of Drake feemed to hang in fufpence ; fo true proved Doughty's predidtion, that " ihe Queen's Ma- '^ jefty and Council might be corrupted." That Drake bore no naval Commiffion ap- pears ftill more clearly, from his difplacing the Captains and Officers of all his (hips without de- inanding from them theif Commiflions 1 from his; lilting ■n<( iiRl M] ■^ i If ■ , mm- ' Iff 1 ,v;-' I04 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES. after an eclipfe of the moon, a rtorm arofe fo violent that it left them little hopes of lurviv- ing in : nor was its fury fo dreadfal as its conti- nuance ; for it lafted, with littie inrermiffion, thirty-two days, in which time they were driven more than 200 leagues out of their courfe, without being able either to avail them- felves of their fails, or make ufe of their anchors. In this ftorm, on the 30th of September, the Marigold, Captain Thomas, was feparated from them -, and on the 7th of October, having en-» tered a harbour, where they hoped for fome in- termiflion of their fatigues, they were in a few hours forced out to fea again by a violent gull, at which time they loft fight of the Elizabeth, Captain Winter, whofe crew, as was afterwards ^ilcovered, wearied with labour, and difcou- raged with the profped of future dangers, re- covered the ftraits the day following, and, re- turning by the fame pailage through which they came, failed along the coaft of Brazil, and, in tlie year following, arrived in England. They were nov/ driven fouthward g^ degrees, where they difcovered a clufter of iflands, in one of which they anchored and ftaid two days, to the great refrelhment of the crew, having met with excellent water, and plenty of greens. Not far diftani from this bay they entered ano- ther, where they beheld fome naked inhabitants ranging along the coaft in their canoes in fearch of provifions. With thefe they exchanged fome hv W' *m Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 105 fome toys for fuch refrefliments as they had to ipare. ' . And now, being furnilhed with wood and wa- ter, they again fet fail, and were, by a new ftorm, driven to the latitude of 5y degrees, when they beheld the extremities of the Ame- rican coaft, and the confluence of the Atlantic ?nd Southern oceans. Here they arrived on the 28th of Odober, and at laft were bleft with the fight of a calm fea, having, for almoft two months, endured fuch a ftorm, as no voyager has given an account of, and fuch as in that part of the world, though accuftomed to hurri- canes, the inhabitants were unacquainted with. On the 30th of Odober, they ftcered towards the place appointed for the rendezvouz of the lieet, in cafe of fcparation, which was in 30 degrees fouth •, and, on the next day, difco- vered two iflands, fo well ftocked with fowls, that they victualled their Ihips with them. Af- ter this fupply, they failed northward, along the coaft of Peru, till they came to 30 degrees, where, finding neither fliips, nor any convenient port, they came to anchor Nov. the 29th, at Macao, an ifland inhabited by fuch Indians as the cruelty of their Spanifti conquerors had driven from the continent, to whom they ap- plied for water and provifions, offering them in return fuch things as they imagined moft like- ly to pleafe them. The Indians feemed willing %o traffic } and, having prefented them with 1 *.,(, I'lJi mm i mmw- M m mm '■';l •'TS'WiV- ;-■■-?■•• ; ' I V , ^' ,' %"" 1 06 Sir FRANCIS DRAKPs VOYAGES. fruits and two fat flieep, (hewed them a place where they might come for water. Next morning, according to agreement, the Englifh landed with their water- veflels, and fent two men forward towards the place appointed, who, about the middle of the way, were fud- denly attacked by the Indians and immediately flain. Nor were the reft of the company out of danger ; for behind the rocks was lodged an ambulh of 500 men, who, ftarting up from their retreat, difcharged their arrows into the boat with fuch dexterity, that every one of the crew was wounded by them. The fea being then high, and hindering them from cither re- tiring or making ufe of their weapons, Drake himfelf received an arrow under his eye, which pierced him almoft to the brain ; and another in his breaft. The danger of thefe wounds was much incrcafed by the abfence of their furgeon, who was in the Elizabeth, fo that they had none to affift them but a boy, whofe age did not admit of much (kill or experience; yet fo much were they favoured by Providence, that they all recovered. No reafon could be af- figned for which the Indians fhould attack them with fo furious a fpirit of malignity» but that they miftook them for Spaniards, whofe cruelties might very reafonably incite thofe to revenge, whom they had driven, by inceffant petfecution, from their country, wafting im- nienfe trails of land by maflacre and devaf- ;ii£ion, Nuno da Sylva adds, that none of thQ \ Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES. 107 the Indians were hurt by the Ehglifh, though they came fo near the boat, as to feize and carry off four of the oars. On the afternoon of the fame day they fet fail, and on the 30ch of November dropt anchor in Phillip's bay, where their boat, having been fcnt out to difcover the country, returned with an Indian in his canoe whom they had in- tercepted. He was of a graceful ftature, dreft in a white coat or gown, reaching almoft to his knees, very mild, humble, and docile ', fuch as perhaps were all the Indians, till the Spa* niards taught them revenge, treachery, and cruelty. This Indian, having been kindly treated, was difmifled with prefents i and in* formed, as far as the Englifh could make him underiland, what they chiefly wanted, and what they were willing to give in return : Drake ordered his boat to attend him, and fee him fafe on fhore. When he was landed, he made figns for the boat to v^ait till his return, and meeting fome of his countrymen, gave them fuch an account of his reception, that, within a few hours, fe- veral of them repaired with him to the boat, with fowls, eggs, and a hog -, and with them one of their captains, who willingly came intr> the boat, and delired to be conveyed by the Engliih to their (hip. By this man Drake was informed that no fupplies were to be expected here; but that Southward, in a place to which he offered to be P 2. hk i 11' 5#f^^'i^ *' i .ill; loa Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. his pilot, there was great plenty. This pro- pofal was accepted, and on the 5th of Decem- ber, under the diredlion of the good-natured Indian, they came to anchor in the harbour called by the Spaniards Val Parizo, in 33 dcg. 40 min. S. latitude, near the little town of Sr, Jago, where they met not only with lufficient itores of provifions, and with ftorehoufes full of the wines of Chili, but with a fhip called the Captain of Morial, richly laden, having, toge- ther with large quantities of the fame wine, fome of the fine gold of Baldivia to the amount of threefcore thoufand pezoes, each pezo of the value of eight (hillings, and a great crols of gold fet with emeralds. The Spaniards at firft, miftaking the Englifh for friends, invited them tc fcafl; with them ; but foon being undeceived, one of the crew jumped overboard, and alarm- ed the town ; but the inhabitants, inftead of making oppoiition, fled haftily, and left what- ever was in the town a prize to the enemy. In the chapel Drake and his men found the moft valuable booty. Having fpent three days here in ftoring their Ihips, and loading the money and effedts, they departed, and landed their Indian pilot where they firll received him,after having rewarded him much above his expectations or defires. They had now little other anxiety than for their friends, who had been feparated from them, and whom they now determined to feek. But conhdering that, by entering every creek and harbour ■. >■, I'ii:' ■^f : ;>' ' I' Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 109 harbour with their (hips, they expoled thenv felves to unneceffary dangers, and that their boat could not contain luch a number as might defend themlelves againft the Spaniards, they determined to llation their fhip at fome place where they miglit commodioufly build a pin- nace, which, being of light burden, might I'afe- ly fail where the fhip would be in danger of being flranded ; and, at the fame time, carry a fufficient force to refift the enemy, and afford better accommodation than it was pofiibie toi obtain in the boat. To this end, on the 19th of December, they entered a bay near Co- quimbo, a town inhabited by the Spaniards^' who, difcovering them immediately, iffued out to the number of 100 horfemen, with about 200 naked Indians running by their fides. The Englilh, oblerving their approach, retired to their boat without any lofs, except of one man, whom no perfuafions or intreaties could move to retire with the reft, and who was therefore overtaken by the Spaniards, who thought to have taken him prilbner, but, having an halbert in his hand, he manfully defended himfelf, till, beir g overpovvered by numbers, he was run through the body with a lance. The Spaniards, exulting at the vidory, ordered the Indians to draw the dead carcafe from the rock on which he fell, and in the fio;ht of the Encr- I'ifli beheaded it, and then cut off the right hartd, and tore out the heart, which they carried away in triumph. Leaving m i A' I 4 W- ■ i %^%- ^ ill,, • r . ■■/■■■'■ ! '-I i ': . - ' ; :■ ! I: ' I '''Wl' tio Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. Leaving this place, they foon found a harboui* more fecure and convenient, where they built their pinnace, in which Drake went to feek his .companions j but, finding the wind contrary, he was obliged to return in two days. From hence they came to a port called Sarci- paxa, where, being landed, they found a Spa- niard aflcep with filver bars lying by him to the value of 4000 Spanifti ducats ; notwithftanding the infults which they had received from his coun- trymen, they did not think fit to difturb this harmlefs man*s rcpofe, but, taking the filvcr, left him ; sttly to deep out his nap. Cor. 'V ling along the (hore, they obferved a SpanJii .1 Driving eight Peruvian (heep, which on landing ihty found to be laden with filver, each fheep having loolb. weight in two leather bags acrofs his back. They delivered the poor animals of their heavy burdens, and lodged tlie bags in their own (hips. Farther on lay fome Indian towns, from which the inhabitants repaired to the (hip on floats made of feal-fkin blown full of wind, two of which they fallen together, and, fitting be- tween them, row with great fwiftnefs, and car- ry confiderable burdens. They very readily traded for glafs and fuch trifles, with which the old and the young feemed euuaii/ delighted. Arriving at Marmarena c-^ the 26th of Ja- nuary, Drake invited the Spaniards to traffic with him, which they accepted •, and fupplied him with necefTaries^ felling to him, among other -X w:" Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 1 1 1 other provifions, fome of thofe (heep which have been mencioned, whofe bulk is equal to that of a cow, and whofe ftrength is fuch, that one of them can carry three tall men upon his back ; their necks are like a catccl's, and their heads like thofe of our fheep. They are the mod ufeful animals of this country, not only affording excellent fleeces and wholefome flefh, but ferv- ing as carriers over rocks anu mountains, where no other bead can travel ; for their feet are of a particular form, which enables them to tread firm on the fteepeft and mod flippery places. On all this coad, it is faid, the mountains arc ib impregnated with filver, that from one hun- dred weight of common earth five ounces of fine filver may be feparated. They continued their courfe towards the North, and on the 7th of February arrived at Arica, in 8 deg. 30 min. S. latitude, and in this port found three fmall barks, in which they found gy flabs of filver, each of the fizc and Ihape of an ordinary brick, and weighing about 2olb. They took no prifoncis ; for the crews, fearing no interlopers, were all on fhore caroufing with one another. At this port the Spaniards were wont to land their merchandize, and to embark the filver, which was tranfported from thence to. Panama; but, fince Drake's incurfion, they c&iry their filver over land to Lima, and load no more trea- fure here, except what they pay for the purchafc of fuch merchandize as is brought from Europe %Q fupply their market. Wanting numbers to a(rault a l:i' m 'j'M 1 .11 m ./ m !■: ■iU •i Si •!*! ^fe!*,l'\ H2 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES, aflault the towii, they proceeded in their courfe, and falling in with a fmaU coafting-veffel, la- den with linen and other cloaths, Drake fup- plied his crew with what quantity of thofe arti- cles they ftood in need of, and difmifled the Spaniards with the remainder. From hence they failed to Chuli ; in which port there was a (hip that had 300,000 pezoes of filver in bars ; but the Spaniards had fent an ex- prefs from Arica, to acquaint the Governor that Drake was upon the coaft. This exprefs ar- rived at Chuli, juft two hours before Drake en- tered the port i in which time the mafter of the (hip had thrown his treafure overboard, and had fecured himfelf and crew on fliore, leaving only one Indian on board to make the report. Drake, fearing the alarm would fprcad fafter than he could fail, loft no time in hazardous fearches, but inftantly departed, aod fleered for Lima, where they arrived on the 15th of February, and entered the harbour without refiftance, in which, according to fome writers, there were thirty fail of (hips ; others fay, twelve ; but all agree, that feveral of them were of confidcrablc force -, fo that Drake's fecurity confifted not in h« ftrength, but in his reputa- tion, which had fo intimidated the Spaniards, that the fight of their own luperiority could not, roufe them to oppofuion. Inftances of fuch panic terrors are to be met with in other rela- tions ', but as they are, for the moft part, quick- ly diffipated by reafon and refolutionj a wife Com,- I I I i' ',;: K.I? w.fe ' k.i, Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 113 Commander will rarely ground his hopes of fuc- cefs on them ; and, perhaps, on this occafion, the Spaniards fcarcely deferve a feverer cenfurc for their cowardice, than Drake for his temerity. A writer of good authority, to reconcile the matter, tells us, that Drake took them a; una- wares, and that the crews, as is ufual in times of perfedb fecurity, were w'th their families on fhore } and many of ihofe who were ready to fail, were taking leave of their friends. Be this as it may, all feem to agree, that Drake ma Je here a confiderable booty, having taken fro- one (hip a cheft full of rials of plate, which ijc found concealed under the fteerage, and, from other fliips, filks and linen cloth to a confider- able value. He did not, however, remain long in this harbour, but hadened in purl'uit of the Cacafuego, which fhip had failed but three days before, and which, they were here informed, was bound to Paita. In the purluit, they fell in with another ihip, out of which they took a large quantity of gold, together with a crucifix of the fame metal, richly adorned with emeralds. They continued the purfuit ; but, having gained intelligence, that, inllead of Paita, (he was gone to Panama, Drake crouded all the fail he could, and, to encourage the purfuers, promifed, that whoever firft defcried the prize Ihould have his gold chain as a reward ; which fell to the lot of his brother John. On the ift of March they came iip with her, and, after exchanging a few ihotj they boarded her, and found not Qnly a yoL. I. Q^ quantity n\M ^f^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) ar~— 1.0 I.I lii iiii 12.2 £f 144 "" us IM 12.0 1.25 1 1.4 II 1.6 ^ 6" » Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STMET WEBSTIR.N.Y. MStO (716)«72-4S03 \ •s? <^ ;\ '<^ C^ 6^ %■ ^*,; It ii foners, together with Nuno da Sylva, the Por- tugueze pilot, whom they brought from the Canaries, and who had ferved them faithfully in all their trials and dangers 5 in reward for which he was now abandoned by Drake to the mercy of the enemy. This man, when he landed on the continent, was (irft carried to Mexico, and thtre put to the torture to make difcovcries. He was afterwards fent prifoner into Old Spain, and there 4 ; .i-' 'M m I I i'^fclh^ its Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES; there examined •, and» having given t faithful relation of all he knew, was rcleafed, and re- turned home TO his own country, where he pub^ lilhcd, as has already been faid» aH account of the voyage as fai' as he went, which was after* wards tranflated into all the European language? j[ and uniVerfally read. On their arrival at Anguatalco, they had no fooner land^ than Drake with part of his men marched up to the town^ Whert they found the chief magiftrate fitting injudgnhentupon a par- cel of poor favages, and ready to pafs fentence of death upon almoft all off them, they being charged with a confpiracy to kill their mafters, and fet fire to the town. Drake changed the fcene, and made judges and crinfiinate, without difiindion, his prifoners, condufting them all iii procefiion to his (hip. Here he made the judge write an order to the Commanding Officer to deliver up the town, in which they found a great pot, fays my author, as big as a bu(hel» full of rials of plate, a gold chains and a fevr jewels; The g6ld chain was taken from a gen- tleman who was nlaking his efcape from thd town, but was intercepted by an Englifii failor^ who rified him of all the valuables he had about him, of which the gold chain was thotfght to be of the lead value. Being now fufficientty enriched^ and having given over all hopes of finding their aflbciates, and, perhaps, beginning to be infedled with tJiat defire of eafe and pleafure which is the natural con- iS7'] nh % I Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 1x9 f onfequence of wealth obtained by fuccefsful villainy, or, what is ftill more probable, being in fear of a furprize before they had fecured their booty, they began to coniblt about their return home ; and, in purfuance of Drake's advice, refolved firft to find out fome convenient harbour where they might more fafely lie and equip themfelves for the voyage, and then endeavour to difcover a nearer paflfage from the South Seas into the Atlantic Ocean ; a palTage that would not only enable them to return home with full fecurity, and in a Ihorter time, but would much facilitate the navigation into thofe parts, and of courfe immortalize their names. For this purpofe they had recourfe to a por^: in the idand of Canes, where they mer. with fifh, wood, and fre(h water ; and, being fufHciently llored with other provifions, with which they had fupplied themfelves from their prizes and at Anguatulco, they fet fail firft with a refolution of feeking a pafTage by the north-wed, and, if that failed, by the Moluccas, and thence, fol- lowing the courfe of the Portugueze, to returra by the Cape of Good Hope. In purfuance of the firft refolution, they failed about 600 leagues, till coming into the latitude pf 43 deg. north, they found the air fo excelTive cold, that the men could no longer bear to handle the ropes to navigate the (hip : they, therefore, changed their courfe till they came into the latitude of 3S deg. and 30 min. under which height they difcovcred a very good har-: ' ^ ' t'ou^ i I i'rs! r^.'i'' IH hA\ 120 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. bour, and, fortunately, had a favourable wind to enable them to enter ic. Here, on the 17th of June, they caft anchor, ^nd, in a ihort time, had opportunities of obferv- ing that the natives of that country were not lefs fenfible than themielves i for, the next day, there came a man rowing in his canoe towards the Ihip, ^nd, at a diflance from it, made a long oration with very extraordinary gefticuiations, and great appearance of vehemence i and, a little time af-^ terwards, made a fecond vifit in the fame man- lier i and then returning a third time, he pre* fente4 them, after his harangue was finiihed, v^ith a kind of crown of black feathers, fuch ijLS their kings wear upon their heads, and a bafket of rulhes filled with a particular herb, both which he faftened to a (hort flick, and threw into the boat : nor could he be prevailed \ipor\ to receive any thing in return, though pufhed tQwards him upon a board, only h^ took Vp a hat that was flung ii^ the water. Three days afterwards, the (hip, having re- ' ceived fome damage at fea, was brought nearer to land, that her lading might be taken, out i in order to which, the Englifh, who had now learned not to commit their lives too negligently to the mercy of favage nations, raifed a kind of, fortification with earth and paliflfades, and ereft- ^d their tents within it. All this was not be- held by the inhabitants without the utmoft af- tonifhment, which incited them to come down JA crouds to the coalt, with no other view, as it aftei;- Sir FRANCIS DRAlwE's VOYAGES. 121 afterwards appeared, but to compliment the beautiful (Irangers that had condefcended to touch upon their country. . Drake, neither confiding too much in appear- ances, nor wholly diftrufting the friendly difpo- fition of the inhabitants, direfbed them to lay afide their bows and arrows, and, on their ap- proach, prcfented them with linen and other neceflaries, of which he (hewed them the ufe. They then returned to their habitations, about three quarters of a mile from the Englifh camp, where they made fuch loud and violent noifes* that they were heard by the Englifh, who had vanity enough to believe that they were paying them a kind of melancholy adoration. Two days afterwards, they perceived the ap- proach of a far more numerous company, who ftopt at the top of a hill which over-looked the £ngli(h fettlement, while one of them made a long oration, at the end of which all the aflem- bly bowed their bodies, and pronounced the fyllable Oh with a folemn tone, as by way of confirmation of what had been faid by the ora- tor. Then the men laying down their bows^ and leaving their women and children on the top of the hill, came down towards the tent?, and feemed tranfported in the higheft degree at thekindnefs of Drake, who received their gifts, and admitted them to his prefence. The wo- men at a diftance appeared feized with a kind of phrenzy, fuch as that of old among the Pa- gans in fome of their religious ceremonies, and Vol.. I, R in i 1 1 122 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. in honour as it feemed of their gueds, tore their cheeks and bofoms with their nails, and threw themfelves upon the Hones with their naked bodies. Three days after this, on June 25, 15799 Drake received two AmbafTadors from the Hioh, or King, of the country, who, intending to vifit the camp, required that fome token might be fent him of friendship and peace. This requelt was readily complied with *, and foon after came the King, attended by a guard pf about an hundred tall men, and preceded by an Officer of State, who carried a fceptre made of black wood, adorned with chains made of a kind of bone or horn, which are marks of the highed honour among them. Behind him was the King himfelf, drefTed in a coat of beafts fkins, with a crown woven with feathers upon his head. His attendants followed, drefTed nearly in the fame manner all but the crown ; and after them came the common people, with l^aHcets platted fo artificially thac they held wa- ter, in which, by way of prefent, they brought yoots and fifh. Drake, not lulled into fecurity, ranged his men in order of battle, and waited their ap-* proach, who coming nearer flood flill, while the fcepter bearer made an oration-, at the concluT fion of which, they came again forward at the foot of the hill, and then the fcepter-bearer be^ gan a fong, which h^ accompanied with a dance, i^ bpth which the men joined, but the womea !'(i! ■ #, *h*: ni 25 f '"■K ,.• ,' ♦ M #' «;<,>• ^ tDl I *; 1% iX I w fer: hH m if ^ii. Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 123 danced without finging, Drake now dillrufting them no longer; admitted them into his forti- fication; where they Continued theiir fong ^hd dance a (hort time i and then both the King and fome others of the company made a long harangue, in which it stppearcdj by the reft of their behaviour, that they entreated them to ac- cept of the government of theif country; and the Kingi with theconcurrence of the reft, placed the Crown tipOn Drake's head, graced him with the chains and other figns of authority, and fa- luted him with the title of Hiob, The kingdom thus offered j though of no farther value to him 'than that it furniflied him with jirefent necefla- ries, Drake thought it not prudent foi: him to %efufe ; and, therefore, took pofleffion of it in the name of Queen Elizabeth, hot without ar- ^nt Vviflies that this acquifition might be of ufe to his native country. The kingdoni being thus configned, and the grand affait at an end, the common pedple left their iCtrig and his Nobles with Drake, and difperfed themfelves l>vcr the camp; and when they faw any one that pleafed them more than the reft, they tord their flcfh and vented their outcries, as before, Jft token of reverence and refpcft. They then proceeded to fhew them then: wourids arid dif- eafes, in hopes, perhaps, of a mit'aculous cure ; to which the Englifti, to benefit and undeceive them at the fame time, applied fuch remedies as they iifed on like occafions. R % They •^ 1 '^ i ifKMl^x W'."M»'.'*-«VBIi UMr* .JJWSBWWIFP^piHIB^ Hi 124 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. They were now grown conBdent and familiar, and came down to the camp every day, repeat* ing their ceremonies, till they were more fully informed how difagreeable they were to thofe whofe favour they were fo ftudious of obtaining. They then vifited them without ceremony, in- deed, but with a ciriofity fo ardent, that it left them no leifure to provide the necefiaries of life, with which the English were, therefore, obliged to fupply them. They had, then, fufficient op- portunity to remark the cuftom and difpofition of theie new allies, whom they found tradable and benevolent, flrong of body far beyond the Engliih, yet unfurni(hed with weapons cither for aflault or defence, their bows being too weak for any thing but fport. Their dexterity in taking fi(h was fuch, that, if they faw then> fo near the (hore that they could come to them without fwimming, they never miffed them« The fame curiofity that had brought them m fuch crouds to the fhore, now induced Drake and feme of his companions to travel up into their country, which they found atfome diftance from the coaft very fruitful, filled with large deer, and abounding with a peculiar kind of cunnics fmaller than ours, with uils like rats, paws fuch as thofe of a mole, and bags under their chins, in which they carry provifions to their young. The houfes of the inhabitants were round ^oles dug in the ground, from the brink of which they raife rafters, or poles, (helving to- wards the middle, where they all met in a Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 125 ridge, and are crampt together ; the ^^eople lie upon ruihes, and make the fire in the middle of the houfe, letting the fmoke fly out at the door* The men are generally naked ; but the women make a kind of petticoat of bulruflies, which they comb like hemp, and throw the fkin of a deer over their (houlders. They are very modeft, tractable, and obedient to their huf- bands. The foil is but badly cultivated ; but contentment feems to prevail in a very eminent degree among all ranks of this happy people. The land was named by Drake New Albion, from its white cliffs, in which it bore feme rc- femblance to his native country, and the whole hiilory of the refignation of it to the Engllfti was engraven on a piece of brafs, then nailed on a poft, and fixed up before their departure, which being now difcovered by the people to be near at hand, they could not forbear perpe- tual lamentations. When the Englilh on the 23d of July we'ghed anchor, they faw them climbing to the tops of hills, that they might keep them in fight, and obferved fires lighted up in many parts of the country, on which, as they fuppofed, facrificcs were offered. Near to this harbour, they touched at fome idands where they found abundance of feah ; and, defpairing now to find any paflage through the northern regions, they, after a general con- fultation, determined to ftcer away to the Mo- luccas 5 and, letting fail July 25, they held a --•- wcftern { II m iw' 'I 126 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES. weftern courle for 68 days without fight of land ; and, on September 30, arrived within view of fome iflands, about 20 deg. northward from the Line, from whence the inhabitants reforted to them in canoes hollowed in the middle, and raifed at both ends fo high above the water, that they feemed almod a femi-circlej they were burnilhed in fuch a manner, that they (hone like ebony, and were kept Heady by a piece of tim- ber fixed on each fide of them. The firft com- pany that came brought fruits, bananas, and other things of no great value, with an appear- ance of traffic, and exchanged their lading for other commodities with great fhow of honefly and friend (hip. But having, as they imagined, laid all fufpicion afleep, they fent another fleet of canoes, of which the crews behaved with all the infolence of favages, and all the rapacity of thieves ; for, whatever was fufFered to come into their hands, they feemed to confider as their own, and would neither pay for it nor reflore it : and, at length, finding the Engllfli refolved to admit them no longer, they difcharged a fhower of flones from their boats, which infult Drake prudently and generoudy returned, by firing his great guns without hurting them 5 at which they were fo terrified, that they leaped intp the water« and hid themfelves under their canoes. Here we cannot help remarking how nearly this defcription agrees with the accounts given by the late navigacors, of the temper and difpo* iition of the inhabitants of the iflands lately dif- covcrcd V if. Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 127 covered between the Tropics. Drake, indeed, found the firing of his guns withcut hurting them, fqfHcient to intimidate thefe ignorant people ; but our later voyagers have thought their vengeance not complete for any flight in- fult, without murdering them by wholefale to ilrike them with terror. The writer of the late voyages fays, *' Our men (hewed as much im- ^' patience to defl:roy (hem as ^ fportfman to •' kill his game.-* Having for fome time but little wind, they ^id not arrive at the Moluccas till the 3d of November; and then, defigning to touch at Tidore, as they coafted along the ifland Mutua, belonging to the King of Ternate, they were vilited by his Viceroy, who informed them, that it would be more advantageous for them to have recourfe to his mafter for fupplies, than to the Portuguefe, with whom he was at enmity* Drake was, by the arguments of the Viceroy, prevailed upon to alter his refolution ; and, on November the 5th, caft anchor before Ternate. Scarce vvas he arrived, before the Viceroy, with others of the chief nobility, came out in three large barges rowed by forty men on each fide, to condud the (hip into a fafe harbour ; and, foon after, the King himfelf, having received a velvet cloak by a melTenger from Drake, as a token of peace, came with fuch a retinue and dignity of appearance, as was not expedled in thole remote parts of the world. He was received with dif^ ^harg^s of cannon, and every kind of mufic, with P i ii i: ^i'r V 128 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'a VOYAGES. with which he was fo much delighted, that he invited the petformers on board his barge. The King was of a graceful (lature and royal carriage, of a mild afpedt and low voice. His attendants were drefled in white cotton or cal- lico, of whom fome, whofe age gave th^m a ve- nerable appearance, Teemed as counfcilors, and the red: officers or nobles. His guards were not ignorant of Hre arms, but had not many among them, being equipped for the moft part with bows and darts. The King, having fpent Tome time in admiring the new objects that preiented themfelves, retired as foon as the fhip was brought to anchor, and promifed to return on the day following ; and in the mean time the inhabitants, having leave to traffic, brought down provifions in great abundance. The King came not aboard, according to his promife,' but fent his brother to excufe him, and withal to invite Drake afliore, propoHng to ftay himfelf as an hoAage for his return. Drake declined going himfelf, but fent fome gentlemen of his retinue in company with the King's brother, and kept the Viceroy till their return. Thefe gentlemen were received by another of the King's brothers, and conduced in great ilate to the caftle, where there was a court of, at leaft looo perfons, among whom were ihree- fcore ancient men, privy counfellors to the King i and on each fide of the gate without, ilood four old men of foreign countries, who Icrvcd as interpreters in commerce. In a Ihort ' lime J le Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES. 129 time appeared the King hirofelf, drcfl: in Cloth of gold, with his hair woven into gold ringlets* a chain of gold upon his neck, and on his fingers rings very artificially fet with diamonds and jew- els of great value. Over his head was borne a rich canopy ; and by his chair of date flood a page with a fan fet with fapphiresj to moderate the excefs of the heat. Here he receiwd the tomplinients of the Englilh, and then honoura- bly difmiiTed them. The callle, which they had fome opportunity of obferving, feemcd of no great force^ It was built by the Portuguefe, who, attempting to reduce this kingdom into abfolute fubjc^tion^ murdered the King, aiid intended to purfue their plot by the deftruAioa of all his fons. But the general abhorrence which cruelty and perfidy naturally excite^ armed the whole nation againfl themj and pro- cured their total expulfion from all the do^ minions of Ternate, whichj from that time* increafing in power, continued to make new conquefts, and to deprive them of other acqui- J[itionsb - ? Here they (hipt between four and five tons of cloves, intending to bring them to Europe^ "While they lay before Ternate^ a gentleman came on board attended by his Portuguefe in^ terpreter. He was drefied fomewhat in the Eu- ropean manner, and foon diftingulQied himfelf from the natives of Ternate, or any Country they had ever yet feen, by his civility and quick comprehenfion. Such a vifitant may eafiljr be YoL. I. $ imagined i m i 130 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. imagined to excite their curiofity, which he gratified by informing them that he was a na- tive of China, of the family of the King then upon the throne } and that being accufed of a capital crime, of which, though he was inno- cent, he had not fufHcient evidence to clear himfclf, he had petitioned the Emperor that he might not be expofed to a trial ; but that his caufe might be referred to Divine Providence ; and that he might be allowed to leave his country, with a prohibition againft returning, unlefs heaven, in attedation of his innocence, ihould enable him to bring back to the King fome intelligence that might be to the honour and advantage of the Empire of China. In fearch of fuch information he had now fpenc three years, and left Tidore for the fake of converfing with the Englifh General, from whom he hoped to receive fuch accounts as would enable him to return with honour and fafety. Drake, whether he credited or difbelieved his ftory, caufed a recital to be made by one of the company, who talked the language of the in- terpreter, of fuch adventures and obfervations as he judg-^d would be 'noft pleaQng to his vi- fitor, to ail which the Chinefe Exile gave the ut- mo(V attention ; and, having caufed them to be repeated a fecond time, to imprefs them in his mind, thanked the Creator of the World for the knowledge he had gained. He then pro- pofed to the General to fail to his country, to which he willingly undertook to be his. pilot 3 but V Sia FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 131 but Drake could not be induced to prolong his voyage. He therefore fet fail, on Nov. the 9th, in queft of a more convenient harbour, where he might clean and refit his (hip, which, by the length of the voyage, and the heat of the climate, was now become foul and leaky. Diredling his courfe fouthward, he foon fell in with an unin- habited ifland, which, by its appearance, pro- mifed fair to anfwer his purpofe. At a diftance it looked like a beautiful grove •, the trees were large, ftrait, and lofty, but, what was more extraordinary, they were interfperfed with fuch an aftonilhing number of (hining flies, that the whole ifland in the night feemed to glow with fire. Here they found a convenient haven, and here they landed and continued 26 days. They found upon this ifland tortoife, but of a mon- ftrous iize, and various forts of fruits of a de- licious flavour. Leaving this place on the 12 th of Decem- ber, they cruelly deferted the unhappy mulatto girl, whom they had taken for their pleafure from a (hip that fell into their hands on the coaft of New Spain. They had, at the fame time, taken on board a negroe youth, who they thought might be ferviceable to them in conyerflng with his nation in their way home ; but, finding him of little or no ufe on board, and provifions beginning to fail, they pretended to fend this fimple couple far into the country (o gather fruits, and, in the niean time, un- S 2 moored I 131 SirFRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES, nioored the (hip, and hoided fail •, and, before the return of the vidlims, were out of fight of their tears, and out of hearing of their cries : a melancholy inftance this of the depravity of man's heart, and of the relcntlcfs cruelty of minds addicted to rapine and luft. The poor girl, not yet Bfteen, was ready to be delivered of an innocent babe i and the youth, not twen- ty, was the only refource in the midft of her diftrefs. What bcfel them cannot be known : but Providence feemed to punifli the perfidy of the crew by a fcvere trial of their fortitude foon after. Having a wind not very favourable, they hap- pened to be intangled among a multitude of itlands, interfperfed with dangerous (hallows, till January the 9th, 1580. When theynhoughc themfelves clear, and were failing along with a bride gale i they were, at the beginning of the night, fuddenly furprized in their courfe by a fudden (hock, the caufe of which was inftantly difcovered, for they were thrown upon a con- cealed rock, and, by the fpeed of their courfe, fixed too faft for any hope of efcaping. Here the intrepidity of Drake was (haken, and his dexterity bafHed : here all the horrors of mind, attendant on confcious guilt, concurred to aggravate the diArefs of thofe who were infVru- mental in abandoning the harmlefs flaves. Thofe who were innocent reproached the guilty with being the authors of their prefent diftrefs ; and, among the reft, Mr. Fletcher, the Chaplaiij, exclaimed againft the Captain, as one whofe frinries of murder and luft had brought down ' divine wn J 8iR FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 133 divine vengeance on all the company. Drake, who knew well how to dinfcmble his refentnient, judging this an improper time to encourage difputes, endeavoured, by every means in his power, to appeafe the increafing animoficy. To prefcrve, therefore, the minds of the company 0t reft, he found it necelTary to keep their hands employed, and, for that purpofe, ordered the pumps to be conflantly plied. Convinced by this experiment that the water did not gain upon them in the hold, he conceived hopes, that, by lightening the (hip, they might pof-. fibly be able to heave her off. He knew it woqld be in vain to perfuade them to part with their treafure, and, therefore, he firft caufed the guns to be thrown overboard, and then the fpices i and, afterwards, the water-cafl^s to be bulged, being in hopes, that, if they could be ?'ekafed, water might again be fupplicd from the neighbouring iQands, fome of which were at no great didance. His next attempt was to dif- cover about the (hallows fome place where they might fix an anchor, in order to bring their (hip to, and, by that means, clear her from the rock : but, upon examination, it was found that the rock on which they had ftruck, rofe, as many Others in thofe feas do, almoll perpenditular, and that there was no anchorage, nor any bottom to be fathomed a boat's length from the (hip. But this difcovery was by Drake wifely concealed from the common failors, left they (hould abandon themielves to defpair, for which there was, in- deed, much caufe, there being no profpedt left, but t I1 I ; 134 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. but that they mud there fink along with the ihip. In this deplorable fituation they had re* mained for four and twenty hours, when Drake, Hnding all human efforts vain, addrefTed himfelf to his companions in diftrefs, and ex- horted them to lay afide all animofities, and prepare themfelves, by forgiving each other, for ob:aining that mercy through Chrift, which they could not hope to receive on any other terms. ^* On this occafion," fays my author, *' every thief reconciled himfelf to his fellow- *' thief, and Fletcher adminiftered the facra- •• mcnt to them all." At length, when their hopes had forfaken them, and no new ftruggles could be made, they were, on a fudden, re- lieved by the wind's fhifting, and a frefh breeze fpringing up, which taking the (hip on the lee- ward quarter, (he reeled off the rock, without receiving any very dangerous hurt, to the un- fpeakable joy of every foul on board. This was the greated and mod inextricable diftrefs which they had fuffered, and made fuch an imprcffion upon their minds, that for fome time afterwards they durd not adventure to fpread their fails, but went (lowly forward with the utmoft circumfpedlion, till, arriving at the fruitful ifland of Baretene, they entered the port xo repair what damage the (hip had re- ceived upon the rock. They found the people of this ifland of an amiable and obliging difpo- ficion, courteous in their manners, and honed in t SiA FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 135 in their dealings. They arc finely proportioned, tall of ftature, and of comely features, The men, in general, go naked j but the women cover themfelvcs from the waift downwards, arc modeft, yet not 'nfenfible of love and plea- fure. They found the ifland abounding with every neceflary, and not a few of the comforts of life. Having repaired the (hip and refrclhed the men, they continued their courfe without any material occurrence till the nth of March, when they came to anchor before the ifland of Java, and fending to the King a prcfenc of cloth and filks, received from him in return a prefent fupply of refreftiments -, and on the day following Drake went himfelf on fhore, and entertained the King with mufic, and obtained leave to ftore his (hip with provifions. This ifland was governed by a great number of petty Kings or Ray as, fubordinate to one Chief. Of thefc princes three came on board together a few days after their arrival, and having, upon their return, recounted the wonders they had feen, and the civilities with which they had been treated, incited others to fatisfy their curiofity ' in the fame manner j and Raya Denan, the chief King, came himfelf to view the fliip, with the warlike armaments and inftruments of na- vigation. This intercourfe of civilities feme- what retarded the bufinefs for which they came -, but, at length, they not only vidtualled their ihip, but payed the bottom, which was the more { 136 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. more ncceflary frequently to be repeated, as, at that time, fheathing of (hips was not in prac- tice. The Javans were at this time a warlike peo- ple, well armed, with fwords, targets, and dag- gers, forged by thcmfelves, and cxquifitely wrought. They were fociable, full of vivacity* and beyond defcription happy. They were like wife hofpitable to (Grangers, and not at all addided to thievery, the general charafleridiC of the iflanders in the Pacific Sea. From Java Drake intended to have vifited thtf Malaccas, but his company became trouble- fome, being defirous of returning home. Ort this occafion he called to mind the fpeech of Mafter Fletcher, while they remained hopclefa upon the rock, and, under pretence of his fpi* riting up the people to oppofe him, he caufed him, fays my author, "to be made faft by *' one of his legs with a chain, and a ftaple '* knocked faft into the hatches, in the fore* " caftle of the fliip. He called all the com- " pa ny together, and then put a lock about one of his legs ; and Drake, fitting crofs*legged on a cheft, and a pair of pantofles in hii hand, he faid, Francis Fletcher, I do here " excommunicare thee out of the Church of God, and from all the benefits and graces thereof, and I renounce thee to the devil and all his angels-, and then he charged him, upon pain of death, not once to come before «• the maft -, for, if he did, he fworc he Ihould be cc cc «c C( «c cc «c Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 137 *' be hanged, and Drake caufed a pofey to be ** written, and bound about Fletcher's armj ** with charge, that if he took it off he (houldi *' then be hanged ; the pofey was, Franc i^ " FLETCHBRi THE FALSEST KNAVE THAT HV- ** ETH." It does notj however, appear how long he was oibliged to wear this pofey, as it li tailed. But Drake was obliged to alter his re-; folution, and comply with the company's defircs. On the 25th of March, 1580, hej therefore^ took his departure, and, on the 15th of Junei they doubled the Cape of Good Hope, having then on board his fliip fifty-feven men, and but three calks of water. On the 1 2th of July they pafled the Linej? i-eached the coaft of Guinea on the i6th, and on July thfe 22d arrived at Sierra Leona, after a moft delightful paflage, in which they difco- Vered how much the Portugufe had abufed the world in their falfe reprefentations of the horrors and dangers that attended the naviga-- tion round the Cape^ At Sierra Leona they ftaid two days to refrefti the men, and, having furniflied themfclves with wood and water for the remainder of the voyage^ they fet fail for England In high cxpedation of enjoying in their own country the fjpoils they had taken from the Spaniards* On the nth of September they made the ifland of Ferara, and^ on the third of Novem- ber, they entered the harbour of Plymouth. In this voyage Drake furroundcd the worlds Vol. i. T which ►•H f i 1 138 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. which no Commander in Chief had ever done before ; and what, at that time appeared a thing extraordinary, by (leering a wcftern courfe they had loft a day in their account. Their fuccefs in this voyage, and the immenfe wealth * they brought home, raifed much dil- courfe throughout the kingdom ; fome highly commending, and fome as loudly decrying the principles upon which it was acquired. The former alledged, that this enterprise was not only honourable to the Commander who con- ducted, and the crew who affifted in the per- formance of it, but to their country i that it would eftablifli our reputation for maritime {kill in fo- reign nations, and raife a laudable fpirit of emu- lation at home *, and that, as to the money, our merchants having fuffered deeply by the treachery • Lopez Va/, a Spanifli writer, fays, that Drake carried from the coall of Peril, 866,000 pezoes of filver, equal to 866 quintals, equal to 100 pound weight each quintal, amounting to 1,139,200 ducats. He alfo carried away ico.coo pezoes of gold, equal to 10 quintals, each quintal valued at 1500 Spanish ducats ; and all this over and above the treafure in the Ihip, which was not entered^ confifting of gold, ^Iver, pearls, precious ftones, coined money, &nd other th ;gs of great value. He ajfo rifled the fh'ps from the Philip ines, laden with fpices, filks, velvets, and other rich merchandize, the value not known.— By the above account, the filver only, at 5s. peroz. amounts to 259,'8ool. and the gold to 48,000!. fterl. But we have feen a raaniifcript that makes the value of the whole cargo brought home by the Golden Hind (for that was the name that Drake chofe hia l}iip, the Pelican, fhould be known by) amount to 8oo,ocol. though that which was divided among the crew was only So.oool, Is it notreafonablethentoconclude, that the Queen and Council had a confideiable Ihaie of the remainder > and 'I . ,; V Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 139 and villainy of the Spaniards in the new difco- v€red country, there was nothing more juft than that the nation fliould receive an equivalent by. the reprifals which Drake and his company, at the hazard of their lives, had bravely extorted. The other party argued, that Drake, in fact, was no better than a pirate ; that, of all others, it lead became a trading nation to countenance fuch depredations •, that the expedition was not only a breach of all our treaties with Spain, but likewife of our old leagues with the Houfe of Burgundy ; and that the confequences would infallibly involve the Queen in a war, by which the nation would fuffer infinitely more than the riches acquired by a finglc Ihip could counter- balance. Thefe were the fentiments, and thefe the fpe- culations with which the different parties amufed themfelves for fome time after the arrival of Drake in his native country. At length, the appro- bation of the Queen determined the difpute ; for all acquiefccd in the wifdom of their Sovereign. On the 4th of April, 158 1, her Majefty went to Deptford, and dined on board the (hip in which fo many Kings had been entertained be- fore ; and, after dinner, (he conferred the ho- nour of knighthood on her Commander -, an ho- nour not to be obtained in thofe days on trivial occafions, but as a reward for fignal fervices. This mark of diftinftion was a full declaration of her Majefty 's approbation, filenced Drake's ene- ipics,and gave joy to his friends. She likewife gave T a direc- I ^ f 140 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. dire6tions for the prefervacion of the (hip, that it might remain a monument of his own and hi^ country's glory. What contributed the more to render the fame of Drake illuftrious, was the frequent attempts that had been made by naviga- tors, the mofl: renowned in their time, to at- f hieve the fame ; but without fuccefs. In 1527 the Spaniards fent Gracca de Loaifa, a Knight of Malta, with a fqviadron of feven ihips to folr low the rou( of Magellan, who, though his ihip returned to Spain, yet he himfelf loft his life, before he arrived at the Malaccas, the promifed iflands. Loaifa pafTed the (Iraits, indeed, loft fome of his fhips in the South Seas, others put Into the ports of New Spain, and only his own veflel and one more reached the Eaft Indies, where himfelf and all his people perifhed. In 1526, the Genoefe fent two (hips to pais the ftraits, of which one was caft away, and the other returned home without efifcding any thing. Sebaftian Cabot, in the fervice of ^he crown of Portugal, made the like trial ; but, not being able to find the ftraitS;, returned into the riye^ pf Plate. Americus Vefpufius, a Florentine, from whoi^ the new world received its name, undertook tq perform* in the fervice of the crown of Portu-!- gal, what Cabot had promifed without effeft i but that vain man was ftill more unfortunate i for he could neither find the ftraits, nor the rivec ff Plate* Spme % Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. 141 Some years after this, the Spaniards equipped a ftout fquadron, under the conimand of Simon ^e Alcafara ; but, before they reached tho height of the llraits, the crews mutinied, an4 pbliged their Commander to return. Such repeated mifcarriages, difcouraged even the ableft and boldeft feamen ; fo that from this time both Spaniards and others dropped all thoughts of emulating Magellan, tiU Drake jconceiving his defigns, as has already been faid, i:oncealed it in his bread till ripe for execution. Being now advanced to eminence, in 1585 h« was employed in the Queen's fervice, and fenc on an expedition to the Well Indies as Com- mander in Chief; and having under him Cap- tain Martin Forbifher, Captain KnoUys, and pther experienced Officers of the royal navy, he took St. Jago, St. Domingo, Carthagena, and St. Auguflin. He returned elated with his fuc- f:efs ; but, as my author fays, not much enrich* f^d by the plunder. In isSy^ he was again employed in an expe- dition to Lilbon, in which Captain Forbilher alfo bore a part. Here they gained intelligence that a confiderable fleet was afTembled in the bay of Cadiz, with a view to the forming an ar- mament for the invafion of England ; he imme- diately repaired to their place of rendezvouz, and fell upon them at unawares; and, as it is iaid, burnt io,ogo tons of (hipping, with all ^he ftores which they were amaffing for the in- tended invaQon. la i 9 t i h w: 142 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE*s VOYAGES. In their return they fell in with a carrack from the Ealt Indies, richly laden, of which they likewife got intelligence in the port of Lif- bon. This was the St. Philip, of which l.in- fchoten gives the following account, when this Dutchman was at Goa, the chief fettlement of the Portuguefe in the Eaft Indies: «* There «» came in, he fays, from the ifland of Japan *' certain Jefuits, and with them three Princes, *' being the children of fo many Kings of that , *« country, wholly apparelled like Jefuits, not •' one of them above the age of 15 years, being «* minded by the perfuafion of the Jefuits to " vifit Portingall, and from thence to go to «« Rome to fee the Pope, thereby to procure " great profit, privileges, and liberties for the *' miflionaries in that ifland. " In 1584, they fet fail for Portingallo, and «« from thence travelled into Spain, where, by «* the King and all the Spanilh nobility, they ** were with honour received, and prefented *♦ with many gifts, which the Jefuits kept for *« themfelves. «* Out of Spain, they rode to fee the Pope ; «* that done, they travelled t^iroughout Italy, *« where they were much honoured, and pre- «* fented with many rich prefents, by means of " the great report the Jefuits made of them. *' To conclude, they returned to Madrid, « where with great honour they took their leave «* of the King, who furni(Ked them with letter*^ 1' of re nmendation to the Viceroy, and ati !! thQ B' «( c« '* r' 1^'': i li . if !4^(^J ■■' isS Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES. his fhip, refrefli his followers, take in wood and water, and to fupply himfelf with every nc- cefTary for the vaft voyage by fea he was to en- counter ; and yet, fuch was his knowledge in making provifion againft every contingency that might happen, that he loft but one man by fick- nefs during the long run from the coad of New Spain to the Ladrones, in which Commodore Anfon loft near half his crew. Nor is his (kill lefs to be admired in his return from the La- drones, the moft dangerous navigation of any part of the known world ; for, except the acci- dent upon the rock, as has already been related, he failed from the Ladrones to Java unembar- rafled ; from Java to Sierra Leona, on the coaft of Africa, without touching at any port, or encountering any' difficulty, fave from a fcarcity of water ; a thing hardly to be credited, and which was never performed by any mariner before his time, or fmcc. THl THE VOYAGES OF Capt. THOMAS CAVENDISH, THE SECOND ENGLISH NAVIGATOR WHO SAILED ROUND THE WORLD. THIS Gentleman was defcended from an antient family in Suffolk, whofe anceftors came into England with William the Conqueror. His father, William Cavcndifli, of Trimley St. Martin, near Ipfwich, dying young, left his fon Thomas a minor, and heir to the manors of Trimley, Stratton, and Grimfton, with other lands of inheritance to a very conliderable amount : but this youth, whofe atchicvements we are abput to relate, being of a high fpirited difpofition, and, as foon as he came of age, fubjedt to no controul, fell early into the fa- fliionable gallantries and vices of the times, and diffipated the bcft part of his ample fortune be- fore he entertained any thoughts of applying to bufinefs, or, perhaps, was fenfible how deeply his affairs were embarraffed. But he no fooner began to refledl, and to per- ceive, that, without application to fome kind of employment, he mull: be undone, than he made choice of a fea-faring life, not only as mod fuit- able to his unfettlcd turn of mind, but alfo as the moft likely means of reftoring his fortune, and eitabliHiing his credit. The 9 •mi: WSmm' 1; ,i HHpV' ' mRji '^Hl^l 1 1 'IKi ' .; ( 1 W m iii i 1 1 1 1 J 1 !6o Captain CAVENftlSH's VOYAGES. The kingdom was now involved in war with the Spaniards, the then moft powerful, and con^ fequently the haughticft and moft formidable people in Europe, who, drawing immenfe riches from their new acquifitions in America, not only taifed the envy but the enmity of other powers^ by their pride arid their perfidy. Gentlemen of fortune j and gentlemen of no fortune, were about this time equally encourag- ed to diftrefs the enemy. The war laid open an immenfe field for enterprize i and every one was at liberty to (hare the harveft, who was will- ing to beftow the pains of gathering tke produce and bringing it home. Among the moft adlive and the moft indefa- tigable was Sir Walter Raleigh, who not only ^as the moft experienced, but the moft fucccfs- ful leader of his time. With him our adventurer firft determined to embark j and, as Sir Walter had juft projeded a new Voyage to America at his own charge, he was ready enough to admit affociates, who were able and willing to bear a f)art of the expence. Unfortunately for our hew adventurer^ all the advantage he derived from this proje<5b was only in the knowledge he obtained of fea affairs, and of the temper and genius of the people with whom he had to deal ; for the profits that accrued from the voyage by no means anfwered the fums employed in pur- fuing it. He obferved, that, by means of their great riches, the Spaniaro:. could command in- telligence of all that was in agitation againft them Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES, i^i ^hem on this fide the globe ^ but that; if thejr were to be taken off their guard, the foiithern hemifphere mUd be the place of aftioii. He had already an example, in Sir Francis Drake, of the immenfe wealth that was to be acquired on the coaft of Peru, if fecrecy could be pre- ferved, and he determined to be upon his guard, llnd to keep his defigti folely within his owii brealt With this view he fold a part of the remaini of his eflate, and fet aboui build'ng two Ihips proper for his cnterprize at Harwich, at that time an obfcure port, namely, one called the Deftre^ of 12b tons; and another of 6b, called the Cdntenf \ to thefe he added the Hugh Gallant^ a bark of 40 tons. In the equipment of this little n^uadron, He purchafed many articles of commerce to cover his defign, and thenprivateljr laid iii gMns, animiinition and (tores, with a inodei'ate quantity of provifions, intending to purchafe the reft at fome other convenient port* when he was juft ready to depart. He likewife enlifted but half his complement of men ; and when he arrived at Plymouth he fupplied the reft. In the whole condudl: of what has been already related, he was his own fole director, and none of thofe who failed with him knew whither he was bound, till after their embarkation at Plymouth. It is even uncertain whether Lord Hounfdon, who procured his cbmmiiIion» knew the place of his deftina- tion. Vol. i. Y An I ^^^■)ci iliii ! mS^M^- m W§y- ; 162 Caitain CAVFNDlSI-rs voyages. An cntcrprize lb well concerted cannot fail to excite curioiiiy •, and as it was excellently written by Mr. i'rctiy, brother to Sir William, who accompanied Cavendifli throughout the voyage, it will belt appear in its ancient drefs. " Vs*e departed, fays Mr. Pretty, out of Plymoutli en 'i hurfday the 2 ill of July, 1586, with three fails (to wit, the Defirc, a (hip of 120 tons, the Content of 60 tons, and the Hugh Gallant, a bark of 40 tons) ; in which fmall fleet were 123 perfons of all forts, with all kind of furniture, and vifluals fufficientfor the fpace of two years. On Tuefday the 26th of the fame month, we were forty-five leagues from Cape Finis Terrre, where we met with five fails of Bifcayers, coming from the Grand Bay in Newfoundland, as we fuppofed, which our Admiral fliot at, and fought with them three hours J but we took none of them, by reafon the night grew on. The I ft of Auguft we came in fight of Fort Ventur?., orie of the ifles of the Canaries, about ten o'clock in the morning. On Sunday, being the 7th of Auguft, we were gotten as high as Rio del Oro, on the coaft; of Barbary. , On Monday the i^th, we fell in v/ith Cape Blanco, but the wind blew fo much at the Nordi, tliat we could not get up where the Caiueis do ule to ride and nfli ; therefore we lay oft' fix hours weft- lbuth*weit, becauleofthe fand m fu. Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. 163 fand which lieth off the Cape fouth well and by fouth. The 15th day of the fame month we were in the height of Cape Verd, by ePcimation fifty leagues off the fame. The 18th, Sierra Leona did bear eaft of us, being forty leagues from us i and the fume day the wind lliittcd to the north-weft j fo that, by the 20th day of the faid month, we were in fix degrees thirty minutes to the northward of the liquinodlial Line. • . - . The 23d, we fet fail for Sierra Leona, and on the 25th day we fell in with the point on the fouth fide of Sierra Leona, which Mr. Brewer knew very well, and went in before with the Content, which was Vice-admiral : and we had no lefs than five fathoms water when we had leaft, and had, for fourteen leagues in fouth- wefl:, all the way running into the harbour of Sierra Leona, fixteen, fourteen, twelve, ten, and eight fathoms of water. The 26th of the faid month, we put into the harbour; and, in going In, we had by the fouthmoft point at leaft five fathoms water by the rock, which lieth at the faid point : and after we came within two or three cables length of the faid rock, we never had lefs than ten fathoms water until we came up to the road, which is about a league from the point, bor- dering always on the fouth-fide until you come up to the watering-place, in which bay is the ^ell road : but you muft ride far into the bay, y 2 becaufQ I Mi •111 1^4 Captain CAVENDlSH's VOYAGES. becaufe there runs prodigious great tides in thq ofHng, and it commonly floweth into the road at a routh^n, where we burnt two or three houfes, and took what fpoil we couldj which was but little ; but all the people fled : and, in our retiring on board, in a very little plain, at their town's end, they (hot their arrows ^t us out of the woods, and hurt three or four of our men. Their arrows were poifoned ; but yet none of our men mifcarried at that time. Their town is very artificially built with mud walls ; |heir hpufes built round, with their yards paled m, and kept very clean, as are their ftreets. Thefe negroes ufed great obedience to their king, as one of our men faid, which was an lioftage for the ne^.^oes which came firft. There were in their town, by eftimation, about onie jiundred houfes. The firft of September, there went many of pur men on fliore at the watering-place, and did wafli fhirts very quietly all the day. And the fecond day they went again, and the negroes were in ambufh round about the place 5 and the carpenter of the Admiral going into the wood, to do fome fpecial bufinefs, efpied them ty good fortune. But the negroes ruftied out jipon our men fo fuddenly, that, in retiring to pur boats, many of them were hurt; ampng whom Wm. Pick man, a foldier, was (hot in the |high 5 who, plucking the arrow out, broke it, V and 'i iRi.; U iM ,'l! lU 166 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. and left the heiad behind ; and he told the chi- rurgeons that he plucked out all the arrow, be- caufe he would not have them lance his thigh : whereupon the poifon wrought fo that night, that he was prodigibufly fwolen, and the next morn- ing he died •, the piece of the arrow with the poifon being afterwards plucked out of his thigh. The 3d day of the faid month, divers of our fleet went up four miles within the harbour with our boat, and caught great ftore of fifh, and went on Ihore, and took lemons from the trees ; and» coming on board again, faw two buffaloes. ;The 6th day we departed from Sierra Leona, and went out of the harbour, and ftaid one tide three leagues from the point of the mouth of the harbour, in fix fathoms, and it flowed fouth- fouth-weft. On Wednefday, being the 7th of the fame month, we departed for one of the ifles of Cape Verd, which is ten leagues diftant from the point of Sierra Leona 5 and about five o'clock the fame night we anchored about two miles off the ifland, in fix fathoms water, andl^ded the fame night, and found plantains only upon the ifland. ., : r. . . . ^ ; . . The 8th day, one of our boats went out, and founded about the ifland, and they paflTed through a Sound at the wefl: end of the ifland, where they found five fathon^a water round about the ifland, until they cam? to the very gut of the Sound, and then for a cafl: or two they had but two fathoms water, and prefently after fix fathoms, and io deeper and deeper.- " And, > J Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. 167 And, at che ead end of the idand, there was a town where negroes reibrted at fome times, as we perceived by their provifion. - There is no frefh water on all the fouth-fide that we could perceive 5 but, on the north- fide, three or four very good places of frefh water : and all the whole idand is a wood, fave certain little places where the houfes (land, which are environed round about with plantain trees, whereof the fruit is excellent meat. This place is fubjedl very much to thunder, rain, and light- ning, in this month : 1 think the reafon is, be- caufe the fun is near the Line Equino6bial. On Saturday the loth, we departed from the faid idand about three o'clock in the afternoon, ' the wind being at the fouth-weft. The lall of Odtober, running wefl:-fouth-wefl:, out twenty-four leagues from Cape Frio in lirazil, we fell in with a great mountain, which had an high round knob on the top of it, itand- ing like a tower. The firfl: of November, we went in between the idand of St. Sebailian and the main land, carried feveral things on diore, fet up a forge, and had our cadis on diore ; our cooper made hoops i and fo we remained there until the 23d day of the fame month 5 in which time we fitted our things, built our pinnace, and filled our frelh water. And while our pinnace was building, there came a canoe from the river of Janeiro, meaning to go to St. Vincent, wherein were fix naked Caves of the country, which did row the canoe, and one Portugucfe ; and the Portu- 1. M :: 168 Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAfeES. Fortuguefe knew Ghriftopher Hare, Mafter of the Admiral 1 for that Mr. Hare had been at St. Vincent, in the Minioil df London, in the year 1581 : and| thinking to hHvt Jbhn Whithal, the EngliOimani which dwcUeth at St. Vincent, come unto us, which is twenty leagues firom this hatboilr, with fome others, thereby to have had fome frefh victuals, we fuffbred the Fortu- guefe to go with a letter unto him, who promifed to return^ or fend fome anfwer within ten days^ for that We tbld him we were merchants, and Would traffic with them ; but vft never received any anfwer from him *, and feeing that he Camd hot according to appointment, our bufinefs be- ing difpatched, we weighed anchor^ and fet fait from St. Sfebaftian on the 23d of November. The 16th day of December we fell in with the coaft ttf Aroerifcaj in 47 deg; and 20 min. the land bearing wed from us about (ix leagued ofFi from which plaCe We tan along the fhore tintil we came into 48 deg. It is a fteep beacli all aiohg. The 17th of Deccmbfcri in the afternoon, we entered into an harbour^ where our Admiral went in firft 5 wherefore our General named thci faid harbour Port Defire ; in wh4ch harbour is ait ifland or two^ where there is a wonderful great (tore of feals^ and another iQahd of birds, called grey gulls. Thefe feals are of a wonderful big- nefs, huge and monftrous of Ihape *, and^ for th^ fore part of their bodies, cannot be compared to any thing better than to a lion : their head, neck^ and % •*r. :li Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES: 169 and fore-part of their bodies, are full of rough hairj their feet are in the manner of a fin, and ih form like unto a man's hand j thty breed and call every month, giving their young milk, yet continually get they their living in the fea, and live altogether upon fifli : their young are extra- brdinary good meat ; and being boiled or roaft- ^d, are hardly to be known from lamb or mut- ton. "The old ones are of fuch bignefs and force, that It is as much as four men are able to do to kill one "of them with great (laves i and he mufl: be beaten down with ftriking on the head of him i for his body is of that bignefs, that four men could never kill him, but only on the head ; ifor being Ihoc through the body with an harqu.;- bufs. Of a mulket, yet he will go his way into the fea, atid never care for it at the prefent. Alfo the fowls that were there were very gdbd meat, arid great plenty of them ; they have bur- tows ih the ground like conies, for they cannot fly; they have nothing but down upon their pinions ; they alfo fifli and feed in the fea for their living, and breed on (hore. This harbour is a very good place to trim fhips in, and to bring them on ground and grave them in, for there ebbeth and floweth much wa- ter; therefore we graved and, trimmed all our ihips there. • The 24th of December, being Chriftmas- Cve, a man and a boy of the Rear-admiral went fome forty fcores from our fhips, unto a very fair green valley at the foot of a mountain, Vol. I. Z where lit ii 1 » t 'I' If ' iSli I 'ii iT'.'i ifi "' : m •' 'P'-'i ; 1 i| t 170 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES; where was a little pit or well which our men had digged and made feme two or three days before, to get frefh water ; for there was none in all the harbour -, and this was but brackilh ^ therefore this man and boy went thither to walh their linen •, and being in wafhing at the faid well, there were great numbers of Indians which were come down, and found the faid man and boy in wafliing. Thefe Indians being divided on each fide of the rocks, fhot at them with their arrows, and hurt them both ; but they fled prefently, being about fifty or threefcore, though our General followed them but with fixteen or twenty men. The man was fhot quite through the knee, the boy into the fhoulder i either of them having very fore wounds.* Their ari'ows are made of little canes, and their heads are of a flint flone, fet into the cane very arti- ficially. They are as wild as ever was a buck, or any other wild bead ; for we followed them» and they ran from us as we had been the wildefb things in the world. We took the meafure of one of their feet, and it was eighteen inches long. Their cuflom is^ when any of them die, to bring him or them to the cliffs by the fea- fide, and upon the top of them they bury them; and in their graves are buried with them their bows and arrows, and ail their jewels which they had in their life-time, which are fine fhells that they find by the fea-fide, which they cut and fquare after an artificial manner *, and all are laid under their heads. The grave is made with Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 171 with large ftones of great length and bignefs, being fet all along full of the dead man's darts, which he ufed when he was living. And they colour both their darts and their graves of a red colour, which they ufe in colouring them- ielves. The 28th of December, we departed out of the port of Defire, and went to an ifland which lieth three leagues to the fouthward of it -, where v ti., ncd our favcd p'*r«guins with fait, forvidluals, all that and the next day, and departed along the coaft fouth-weft and by- fouth. The 31ft we fell in with a rock, which lieth about five leagues from the land, much like un- to Ediftone, which lieth off the found of Ply- mouth ; and we founded, and had eight fathoms rocky ground, within a mile thereof; the rock bearing weit-fouth-weft. We went coafting a- long fouth-fouth-weft, and found great ilore of feals. This rock ftandeth in 48 deg. 30 min. to the fouthward of the Line. The 2d day of January, we fell in with a very fair white cape, which ftandeth in 51 degrees, and had feven fathoms water a league off the land. The 3d, we fell in with another great white cape, which ftandeth in 52 deg. 45 min. from which cape there runneth a low beach about a league to the fouthward -, and this beach reacheth to the opening of the dangerous ftrait of Ma- gellan, which is in divers places five or fix Z 2 leaguers i m ^•*'ii-T lli ^:!! 172 Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. leagues wide, and in two feveral places more? narrow. Under this cape we anchored, and loft an anchor ; for it was ^ great ftorm, and laded three days very dangerous. " "' • The 6th day we put in for the (Iraits. ' » The 7th day, between the mouth of the ftraits and the narroweft place thereof we took a Spaniard, whofe name was Hernando, who was there with 23 Spaniards more, which were all that remained of tour hundred left there three years before, all the reft being dead with fa* mine. And the fame day we pafled through the narroweft of the ftraits, where the aforefaicj Spaniard (hewed us the hull of a fmall bark, which we judged to be a bark called the John Thomas, one of Drake's fleet. It is from th^ mouth of the ftraits unto the narroweft of the ftraits fourteen leagues, and the courfe lieth weft and by-north. The mouth of the ftrait^ lieth in 52 degrees. From the narroweft of the ftraits unto Pen- guin iQand is ten leagues, and lieth weft-fouth* weft, fomewhat to the fouthward, where we anchored the 8 th day, and killed and faked plenty of penguins for victuals. The 9th day we departed from Penguin iftand, and ran fouth-fouth-weft to King Phi- lip's city, which the Spaniards had built ; which town or city had four forts, and every fort had in it one caft piece, which pieces were buried in the ground ; the carriages were ftand- ing in their places unburiedj we digged for them CiiPTAm CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. 175 them 9nd had them all. They had contrived their city very well, and feated it in the bcft place of the ftraits for wood and water : they had built up their churches by themfelves : they had laws very fevere among them, for they had erefted a gibbet, whereon they had done exe- cution on fome of their company. It ftemed unto us, that their whole living for a great fpace was altogether upon mufcles and limpets ; for there was not any thing elfe to be had, ex- cept fome deer which came out of the moun- tains down to the frefti rivers to drink. Thefc Spaniards came to fortify the ftraits, to the end fhat no nation (hould have pafTage through into the South Sea, faving their own only out, as it appeared, it was not God's will fo to have it ; for during the time that they were there, which was two years at the leaft, they could never have ^ny thing to grow, or in any ways profperj and, on the other fide, the Indians often prey- ed upon them, until their victuals grew fo (hort, (their ftore being fpent which they had brought with them out of Spain, and having no means to renew the fame) that they died like dogs in their houfes, and in their clothes, wherein we found iome of them ftill at our coming, until that in the end the town being wonderfully tainted with the fmell and favour of the dead people, the reft which remained alive were driven to bury fuch things as they had there in ^heir town, and fo to forfake the town, and to go along the fea-Iide to fcek their vi<^vials to > preferve f; ^ :' 174 Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES, prefcrvc them from ftarving, taking nothing with them, but every man his harquebufs, and his furniture, that was ^ble to do it (for fome of them were not able to carry them for weak- Bcfs), and fo lived, for the fpacc of a year and more, on roots, leaves, and fometimes a fowl which they might kill with their piece. To con- clude, they fet forwards, determined to travel towards the river of Plate, there being only twenty -three perfons left alive, whereof two were women, which were the remainder of four hundred. In this place we watered and wooded T^ell and quietly. Our General named this town Port Famine : it (landeth in 53 degrees by obfervation to the fouthward. The 14th day we departed from this place, and rap fouth-fouth-wefl-, and from thence fouth-weft unto Cape Froward, five leagues ^ell-fouth-weft, which cape is the fouthermoft part of all the (Iraits, and llandeth in the lati- tude of 54 degrees. From which cape we ran well and by north five leagues, and put into a bay or cove on the fouth-fide, which we called Mufcle-cove, becaufe there was great plenty of them : we rode therein fix days, the wind being ftill wefterly. The 2ifl day of January we departed from Mufcle-cove, and went north- weft and by- weft ten leagues, to a veiy fair fandy bay on the north- fide, which our General called Elizabeth- bay : and, as we rode there that night, one of our men died which went in the Hugh Gallant;, whof(§ Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 17^ whofe name was Grey, a carpenter by his oc- cupation, and was buried there in that bay. The 2 2d we departed from Elizabeth-bay in the afternoon, and went about two leagues from that place, where there was a frefh water river, up which our General went with the fhip'a boat about three miles ; which river hath very good and pleafant ground about it. It is low and champaign foil, and we faw no other ground in ail the ftraits, but what was craggy rocks, and monftrous high hills and mountains. In this river are a great many favages, which we faw, and had conference with them* They were men-eaters, and fed altogether upon raw fle(h, and other filthy food : which people had lately preyed upon fome of the Spaniards before fpoken of; for they had gotten knives, and fome pieces of rapiers to make darts of. They ufed all the means they could poflibly to have enticed us farther up the river, on purpofe to have betrayed us ; which being perceived by our General, he caufed us to ihoot at them with our harquebufles, whereby we killed many of them. So we failed from this river, to the channel of St. Jerome^ which is two leagues off. From the river of St. Jerome, about three or four leagues, we ran weft into a cape which is on the north- fide ; and from that cape unto the mouth of the ftraits the courfe lieth north-weft and by-weft, and north-weft ; between which place and the mouth of the ftraits, to the fouth- ward, • ::li '■^i'-I iff',' m{ ■ll m Mi i 1 , is mi ft '¥ ^Ji iyC Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. ward, we lay in harbour until the 23d of Feb- ruary, by rcafon of contrary winds, and mod Vile an4 foul weather, with fuch rain and violent ilormy winds which came down from the moun- tains and high hills, that they hazarded the beft cables and anchors that we had for to hold % which^ if they had failed, we had been in great danger to hare been cad away, or at lead to have been fami(hed : for, during this time, which was a full month, we fed almod altogether on muf- cles, limpets, and birds, or fuch as we could get on (hore, fecking every day for them, as the fowls of the air do where they can find food in continual rainy weather. There is, at every one or two niiles end, ah harbour on both fides of the land. And there are, between the river of St. Jerome and thd mouth of the firaits, going into the South Sea, about 34 leagues, by eftimation ; fo that the whole length of the llraits is about 90 leagues : and the mouth of the faid ftraits ftandtth nearly in the fame height that the entrance ftandeth in when we pafs out of the North Sea, which is about 52 dcg. and 40 min. to the fouthward of the Line. The 24th day of February, we entered into the South Sea-, and on the fouth fide in going out of the firaits is a fair high cape, with alow point adjoining to it ; and on the north fide are four or five iflands which lie fix leagues ofi^ the main, and much broken and funken ground about them. By nQon» the fame day, we had brought thef« V. iM into Captain GAVENpiSH's VOYAGES. 177 thcfc iflands caft of us five leagues off; the wind being foutherly. The firft of March, a ftorm took us at north, which night the (hips loft the company of the Hugh Gallant, being in 49 degrees 30 min, and 45 leagues from land, rhis ftorm conti- nued three or four days ; and for that time we in the Hugh Gallant, being feparated from the other two fhips, looked every hour to fink, our bark was lb leaky, and ourielves fo fatigued and weakened with freeing it of water, that we flept not during three days and three nights. The 15th of iVIarch, in the morning, the Hugh Gallant came in between the ifland of St. Mary and the Main, where (he met vvith tl- u Admiral and the Content, who had rid at tSe ifland of La Mocha two days, which ifland flandeth in fouth latitude 38 deg. at which place fome of our men went on fliore with thtf Vice-Admiral's boat, where the Indians fought with them with their bows and arrows, and were very wary of their calivers. Theie Indians were enemies to the Spaniards, and belonged ta a great place called Arauco, and took us for Spaniards, as we afterwards learned. The above-mentioned pb-^e, Arauco, is very* rich, and full of gold mint:: , and yet could it not be fubdued at any time by the Spaniards ; but they always returned with the greatefl: loft of men : for thefe fnJians are quite defperate, and carelefs of their lives, living at their own liberty and freedom. Vofc. I. A a the m I I nil III!: tUU ill 178 Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. The 15th day aforefaid, in the afternoon, we weighed anchor, and ran under the weft fide of St. Mary's Ifland, where we rid very well in fix fathoms water, and very fair ground, ail that night. The 1 6th day, our General went on fliore himfelf, with 70 or 80 men, every one with hit furniture. There came down to us certain In- dians, with two which were the Chiefs of the ifland, to welcome us on Ihore, thinking we had been Spaniards, for it is fubdued by them ; who brought us up to a place where the Spaniards had ereded a church, with crofTes and altars in it; and there were about this church two or three ftore-houfes, which were full of wheat and barley ready threflied, and made up in cades of ftraw, to the quantity of a bufhel of corn in every cade. The wheat and barley was as fair, as clear, and every way as good as any we have in England. There were alfo the like cades full of potatoe- roots, which were very good to cat, ready made up in the ftore-houfes, for the Spj^ niards when they ftiould come for their tribute. This ifland alfo yielded many forts of fruits, hogs, and hens. Thefe Indians are held in fuch flavery by their mafters, that they dare not eat a hen or hog themfelves : but the Spaniards have made them all in that ifland chriftians. Thus we filled ourfelvcs here with corn as much as we would have, and as many hogs as we had fait to fait them with, and great plenty of hens, with a number of bags of potatoe- roots, and about 500 dried Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 179 dried dog-fiflies, and Guinea wheat, which is called maiz. And having taken as much as we would, yet we left a prodigious great (lore be- hind us. Our General had the two Chiefs of the iQand on board our fhip, and provided great cheer for them, and made them merry with wine : and they, in the end, perceiving that we were not Spaniards, made figns, as near as our Gene* ral could perceive, that, if we would go over unto the mair. land to Arauco, there was much gold ; making us figns, that we fhould have great (lore of riches. But, becaufe we could not underfland them, our General made hade, and within two or three days we furnifhed our- felves, and departed. The 1 8th day, in the morning, we departed from this place *, and ran all that day north- north-ead about ten leagues, and at night lay with a Ihort fail off and on the coaft. The 19th, we ran in eaft- north- eaft with the land, and bore in with a place called the Con* cepcion, where we anchored under an ifland, and departed the next morning without going on land. The 20th, we departed from the Conception, and went into a little bay, which was fandy, where we faw fre5h water and catde j but we (laid not there. The 30th day, we came into the bay of Quintero, which (landeth in ^3 deg. and 50 min. The faid day, prefently after we were come 10 an anchor in the bay, there was a herdfman,^ A a ^ tha( M|| I »8o Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. that kept cattle, lying upon the point of the hill afleepi who, when he awaked, and had efpied three Ihips which were come into the bay, be- fore we could get on {hore, he had mounted a horfe which was feeding by, and rode his way as faft as ever he was able •, and our General, with thirty (hot with him, went on Ifhore. He had not been on land an hour when there came three horfemen with bright fwords towards us, fo hard as they could ride, till within a quarter of a mile of us, and then ftopt, and would come no nearer unto us : fo our General fent unto them a couple of our men with their fliot, and Hernando, who was the Spaniard that we had taken up at the mouth of the ftraits. But the Spaniards would not fufFer our men to come near with their fhot, but made figns that one of our men fliould come alone unto them : fo the faid Hernando, the Spaniard, went unto them, and our two men flood not far from them. They had fome conference ; and, in the end, Hernando came back from them, and told our General that he had parlied with them for fome viduals, and they had promifed as much as we would have. Our General fent him back again with another meflage, and another (hot with him ; and being come near unto them, they would not fuffer any more than one to approach them : whereupon our men let the Spaniard go unto them alone ; who being at fome good diftance from them, they (laid but a fmall time together, before the faid Hernando leaped up *■•'- imm Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. i8i up behind one of them, and rode away with them, notwithftanding the damnable oaths which he had made continually to our General, never to forlake him, but to die on his fide before he would be falfe. Our General, feeing how he was dealt with, filled water all that day with good watch, and carried it on board : and night being come, he determined next day to fend into the country to find their town, and to have taken the fpoil of it, and to have fired it, if they could have found it. The laft of March, Captain Havers went up into the country, with 50 or 60 men, with their fiiot and furniture with them, and we travelled feven or eight miles into the land : and, as we were marching along, we efpied a number of herds of cattle, of kine and bullocks, which were wonderfully wild : we faw alfo great plenty of horfes, mares, and colts, which were very wild and unhandled : there is alfo great ftore of hares and conies, and plenty of partridges, and other wild fowls. The country is very fruitful, with fair frefti rivers all along, full of wild- fowl of all forts. Having travelled fo far, that we could go no farther for the monftrous high mountains, we refl:ed ourfelves at a very fair frefti river, running in and along fair low meadows, at the foot of the mountains, where every man drank of the river, and refreftied himfelf. Having fo done, we returned to our Ihips, the likclieft way we thought their town would be •, fo we travel- led all the day long, not feeing any man, but we met 'imi I $ W i li if I V !.. Ill; m ilii !! !!i '.li ■ ,:'r' ! 'ill 1,1' ' iir i V I"- J 82 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES'. met with many wild dogs ; yet there were two hundred horfemen abroad that fame day, by means of the Spaniard which they had taken from us the day before, who had told them that our force was but fmall, and that we were won- derfully weak ', and, though they did efpy us that day, yet durft they not give the onfet upon us^ for we marched along in array, and ob- ferved good order, whereby we fcemcd a greater number than we were, until we came unto oui ihips that night again. The next day, being the firft of April, 1587^ our men went on ihore to fill water at a pit which was a quarter of a mile from the water- fide; and, being early hard at their bufmefs, were in no readinefs : mean while, there came pouring down from the hills almoft two hundred hnrfemen, and before our people could return to the rocks from the watering-place, twelve of them were cut oST, part killed, and part taken prifoners ; the red were refcued by our foldiers who came from the rocks to meet with them ; for though only fifteen of us had any wea* pons on fhore, yet we made the enemy retire in the end, with the lofs of twenty- four of their men, after we had fkirmifhed with them an hour. After the lofs of thefe men, we rode at anchor, sind watered in defpite of them, with good watch and ward, until the 5th of the faid month. The 5th day, we departed out of this bay of Quintero ; and off from the bay there lieth a little idand, about a league dillant, whereon there a«o W ! m of a [ere \n Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES 185 are great (lore of penguins, and other fowls, whereof we took to ferve our turns, and failed away north, and north-by-weft i for fo lieth the coaft along this place. The 15th, we came thwart of a place,' which is called Morro-Moreno, which ftandeth in twenty-three degrees thirty minutes, and is an excellent good harbour : and there is an iiland which maketh it an harbour ; for a (hip may go in at either end of the ifland. Here we went with our General on (hbre, to the number of thirty men ; and as foon as we had cfFedted our landing, the Indians of the place came down from the rocks to meet us, with fre(h-water and wood on their backs. They are in great awe of the Spaniards, and very (imple people, liv- ing mo(t favagcly : for they brought us to their dwellings, about two miles from the harbour, where we faw their women and bedding, which is nothing but the (kinof fome bead laid upon the ground ; and over them, inftead of houfes, is nothing but five or fix fticks laid acrofs, which itand upon forked (licks (luck in the ground, and a few boughs laid over them. Their diet is raw fifh, which (linketh moft vilely : and when any of them die, they bury their bows and ar- rows with them, and all that they have ; for we opened one of their graves, and faw the order of them. Their canoes or boats are very arti- ficially made of two (kins refembling bladders, and are blown full at one end with quills : they have two of thefe bladders blown full, which are fewed t'.H wm iM I i li t - ' )t 'i ': Pi! ^ 'm 184 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES; fcwed together, and made faft with a fmew of fome wild bead ; which, when they are in the water, fwcll, fo that they are as tight as may be. They go to fea in thefe boats, and catch plenty of fifli, but they ufe it in a beaftly man- ner. ■ - ' On the 23d, in the morning, we took a fmall bark, which came out of Arica road, which we kept and called the George. The men forfook it, and went haftily away with their boat. Our Admiral's pinnace followed the boat, and the Hugh Gallant's boat took the bark : our Admiral's pinnace could not recover the boat before it got on fliore, but went along into the road of Arica, and laid aboard a great Ihip of one hundred tons, riding in the road right before the town, but all the men and goods were gone out of her, only the bare fhip was left alone. They made three or four very fair (hots at the pinnace as fhe was coming iny but milled her very narrowly with a minion- ffiot which they had in the fort. Whereupon we came into the road with the Admiral and the Hugh Gallant : but the Content, which was the Vice- Admiral, was behind out of fight; by means whereof, and for want of her boat ta land men withal, we landed not: othcrwife, if •we had been together, our General with the company would reiblutely have landed ta take the town, whatfoever Ihould have come of it. The caufe why the Content ftaid behind, was, that ihe had found, about four-» teen in, CAPTAiN eAVENDtSH's VOYAGES. 185 teen leagues to the fouthwardof Arica, in a place where the Spaniards had landed a whole Oilp's lading of botigas of wine of Caftile, whereof the faid Content took into her as many as (he could conveniently carry> and came after us into the road of Arica the fame day. By this time ws perceived that the town had gathered all their power together, and alfo conveyed all their treafure away, and buried it, for they had heard of us. Now, becaufe it was very populous with. the aid of one or two neighbouring places, our General faw there was no landing without lofs of many men ; wherefore he gave over that en- terprize. While we rode at anchor they (hot at us, and our fhips (hot at them again for every ihot two. Moreover, our pinnace went in clofe almoft to the Ihore, and fetched out another bark which rode there, in defpite of all their forts, though they (hot ft ill at the pinnace, which they could never hit. After thcfe things our General fent a boat on (bore with a flag of truoe, to know if they would redeem their great (hip or no : but they would not i for they had received fpecial commandment from the Vice- roy at Lima, not to buy any (hip, or ranfotn any man, upon pain of death. Our General did this, in hopes to have redeemed fome of our men, which were taken prifoners on (hore by the horfemen at Quintero, otherwife he would have made them no offer of parley. The 25th, riding ftill in the road, we fpicd a fail coming from the fouthward, and our Ge- VoL. L B b nerai I . -Il' 06 ■ i! m % 192 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. be hauled on ground, for there is a fpecial good place for that purpofe. We funk it and went on Ihore, where the Lord of the ifland dwelt, who had a fumptuous dwelling, which was by the water fide^ exceedingly well contrived, with many very lingular good rooms and cham- bers in it, and out of every chamber was fram- ed a gallery, with a ftately profped towards the fea on one fide, and into the ifland on the other iide, with a magnificent hall below, and a very great (lorehoufe at one end of the hall, v/hich was filled with botigas of pitch and baft to make cables with •, for the moft part of the cables in the South Sea are made upon that ifland. This great Cafique obliged all the Indians on the ifland to work and trudge for Kim : he is an In- dian born, but is married to a beautiful woman who is a Spaniard, by reafon of his pleaiant ha* bitation and his great wealth. This Spanifli woman, his wife, is honoured as a Queen in the ifland, and never walketh upon the ground on foot, but accounteth it too bafe a thing for her i but when her pleafure is to take the air, or to go abroad, flie is always carried in a fedan upon four men's flioulders, with a veil or canopy over her, to ftiade her from the fun or tie wind, having her gentlewoman ftill attend- ing about her, with a great troop of the beft men in the ifland with her. But both flie and the lord of the ifland, with all the Indians in the town, were nearly fled out of the ifland before we could get to an anchor, by reafon We were Captaiw cavendishes VOYAGES. 191 Were becalmed before we could get in, and were gone over unto the main land, having carried with them 100,000 crowns, which we knew by a Captain of the ifland, an Indian, whom we had taken at fea as we were coming into the road, being in a balfa or a canoe for a fpy to fee what we were. The 27th, our General himfclf, with certain (hot and fome targctliers, went over to the main unto the place where this Indian Captain told us the Cafique, who was Lord of all the ifland, was gone unto, and had carried all his treafure with him : but, at our coming to the place where we went to land, we found newly arrived there four or five great balfas laden with plan- tainS) bags of meal, and many other kinds of victuals* Our General marvelled what they ivere, and what they meant, a(l<.ing the Indian guide, and commanding him to (peak thd truth upon his life« Being then bound fad:, he an- fwered, being very much abaflied, as well a$ our company were, that he neither knew from whence they fhould come, nor who they ihould be, for never a iian was in either of the balfas •, yet he had told ova General before, that it was an eafy matter to take the ff^id Ca- fique and all his treafure j and iha:, there were but three or four houfes landing in a defarp place, and no refillance •, and that if he found it not fo, he might hang him. Again being de- manded to fpeak upon his life what he t'lought Jhcfc balfas (hpuld be ? he anfwered, tl if he Vol. li C c ' could , ii i i 194 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES; could not fay what they were, nor from whence they Ihould come, except it was to carry fixty foldiers, who he did hear were to go to a place called Guaiaquil, which was about (ix leagues from the faid idand, where two or three of the King's fhips were on the Hocks in building, and where there were continually an hundred Ibldiers in garrifon, who had heard of us, and had fent for fixty more, for fear of burning of the (hips and town. Our General, not any whit difcou- raged, either at the fight of the balfas unlooked for, or at hearing of the fixty foldiers not until then fpoken of, bravely animated his company 10 the exploit, went prefently forward, being in the night in a molt defart path through the woods, until he came to the place ; where, as it feemed, they had kept watch cither at the water-fide, or at the houfes, or at both, and were newly gone out of the houfes, having fo (hort warning that they left the meat both boiling and roafting at the fire, and were fled with their trea- fure with them, or elfe buried it where it could not be found. Our company took hens, and fuch things as we thought good, and came away. The 29th, our General went in the fhip's boat unto a little ifland adjoining, whither the Cafique, who was Lord of Rena, had caufed all the hangings of his chambers, which were Cor- dovan leather, all gilded over, and painted very fair and rich, with all his houihold ftuET, and all the (hip's tackling which were riding in the road at our coming in, with great (lore of nails, fpikes of Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 195 of iron, and very many other things, to be con- veyed i all which we found, and brought away what our General thought requifite for the (hips. This ifland is very pleafant for all the de- lights of life, and fruitful ; but there are no mines of gold or filver in it. There are, at leaft, 200 houies in the town about the Cafique's pa- lace, and as many in one or two towns more upon the ifland, which is almoll as big as the Ifle of Wight, in England. There is planted, on the one fide of the Cafique's houfe, a fair garden with all herbs growing in it, and at the lower end a well of frefh water, and round about it are trees fet, whereon bombazine cotton grow- eth after this manner : The tops of the trees grow full of cods, out of which the cotton groweth, and in the cotton is a feed of the big- nefs of a pea, and in every cod there are feven or eight of thefe feeds •, and if the cotton be not gathered when it is ripe, then thefe feeds fall from it and fpring again. There are alfo in this garden fig-trees, which bear continually •, alfo pompions, melons, cu- cumbers, raddifhes, roiemary, and thyme, with many other herbs and roots. At the othft* end of the houfe there is alfo another orchard, where grow oranges, fweet and four lemons, pomegra- nates, and limes, with divers other fruits. There is very good pafl:ure ground in this ifland ; and there are many horfcs, oxen^ bullocks, (beep very fat and fair, a great many goats, which are very tame, and are ufed continually to be milked. C c 2 They ,!;■' ifc m 1^6 CaI»ta1n CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. They have alfo abundance of pigeons, turkies^ £nd ducks of prodigious bignefs. There was alio a very large and great church near to the Cafique's houfe, whither he cauled «11 the Indians \t\ the iHand to come and hear mafs, for he himfelf was made a chriftian when married to the Spanilh woman before Ipokcn of ; and upon his converfion he caufed the reft of his fubjeds to be chriftened. In this church was an high altar, with a crucifix, and five bells hang- ing in one end thereof. "We burnt the church, and brought the bells away. By this time we had hauled on ground our Admiral, and made her clean, burnt her keel, pitched and tarred her, and had hauled her on fioat again ; and, in the mean time, kept watch in the great houfe both night and day. The 2d of June, in the morning, by day* break, every one of the watch having gone abroad to feek provifions, fome one way and fome another, fome for hens, fome for iheep, fome for goats; upon a fudden there came down upon us an hundred foldiers, with muC quets, and anenfign, which were landed on the other fide of the iQand that night, and all the Indians of the ifland along with them, every one with weapons, and their baggage after them j which happfined by means of a negroe, whofe name was Emmanuel, who fled from us at our firlt landing there. Thus, being taken at a dif- advantage, we had the word, for our company did not exceed fixtecn or twenty, whereof they bad ^lAi?;>.«-.# ■.^ Captaik CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES 197 had flain one or two before they were come to the houfes 5 yet we Ikirrnilhed with them an hour and a ha!f. At lad, being greatly over« charged with multitudes, we were driven dow'. from the hill to the water-fide, and there we kept them in play a while, until in the end our halberdier, who had kept the way of the hill, and had flain a couple of them as hf breathed himfelf, had an honourable death., for a (hot ftruck him to the heart ; who, feeling himfelf mortally wounded, cried to God for mercy, and fell down dead. But, foon after, the enemy was driven back from the bank j(ide to the green j and, in the end, our boat cane, and carried as many of our men as could go in her without hazard of finking ; but one of our men was (hot through the head with his own piece, being a fnap-hand, as he was getting into the boat. Fouf of us were left behind, which the boat could not carry, of whom rayfelf was one, who had our ftiot ready, and retired into a cliff until the boat came again, which was prefently after they had carried the reft on board. There were forty-fix of the enemy flain by us, whereof they dragged fome into buflies, and fome into old houfes* which we found afterwards. V/e k>it only %z »f our men. The fame day we wfent on fliore again with fo men, and had a frefli Ikirmifli with the ene* my, and made them retire. This done, we fet (ire to the town, and burnt it to the ground ; 9nd| fhortly aftes, made havock of their fields, orchards. <» ■■A ik H il . ' f^Bw^M'' vu 198 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES, orchards, and gardens, and burnt four great Ihips more, which were building on the (locks. The 3d of June, the Content, which was our Vice-Admiral, was hauled on ground to grave at the fame place, in fpite of the Spaniards ; and alfo our pinnace was new trimmed. The 5th, wc departed out of the road of Puna, where we remained eleven days, and turned up to a place which is called Rio Dolce, where we watered ; at which place alfo we funk our Rear-Admiral, called the Hugh Gallant, for want of men, being a bark of 40 tons. The loth, we fetthe Indians on Ihore, which we had taken before as we were coming into the road of Puna. The nth, we departed from Rio Dolce. The 1 2th, we doubled the Equinoctial Line, and continued our courfe northwards all that month. The I ft of July, we had fight of the coaft of Nueva Efpanna, being four leagues diftant from land, in the latitude of 10 degrees to the north- ward of the Line. The 9th, we took a new (hip of lao tons burthen, wherein was one Michael Sancius, Dyhom our General took to fervc his turn to water along the coaft ; for he was one of the beft coafters in the South Sea. This Michael Sancius was a provincial born in Marfeilles, and was the Brft man that told us news of the great ihip called the Santa Anna, which we afterwards took coming from the Philippines. There 't Capta^ CAVENDlsm VOYAGES. 199 There were fix men more in this new Ihip, Wc took her fails, ropes, and fire- wood, to fcrvc our turns, fct her on fire, and kept the men. The loth, we took another bark, which was going with advice of us and our (hips all along the coad, as Michael Sancius told us*, but all company that were in the bark were fled on (hore. Neither of thefc Ihips had any goods in them ; for they came both from Sonlbnate, in the province of Guatimala ; the new (hip, for fear we (hould have taken her in the road *, and the bark, to carry news along the coa(l, which bark we alfo let on fire. The 26th, we came to anchor in ten fathoms," in the river of Copalita, where wc intended to water; and that fame night we departed with thirty-two men in the pinnace, and rowed to Aguatulco, which is but two leagues from the aforeiaid river, and ftandeth in 1 5 deg. 40 min. to the northward of the Equinodial Line. The 27th day, in the morning, by break of day, we came into the road of Aguatulco, where we faund a bark of 50 tons, which was comb from Sonfonate, laden with cocoas and anil, which they had there landed ; and the men were all fled on (hore. We landed there, and burnt the town, with the church and cuftom-houfe, which was very fair and large, in which houfc were 6co bags of anil to dye cloth, every bag whereof was worth 40 crowns *, and 400 bags of cocoas, every bag whereof is worth 10 crowns, Thefe cocoas go among them for meat and money 5 aoo Captaiw CAVENDISH'* VOYAGES. money i for 150 of them are in value one rial of plate in ready payment. They are very lik« an almond, but are not fo pleafant in tafte. They eat them, and make drink of them : this the owner of the (hip told us. I found in this town, before we burnt it, a flafket full of boxes of balm. After we had fpoiled and burned the town, wherein there were fome hundred houfesi the owner of the (hip came down out of the hills with a Hag of truce unto us, who before v^ith all the red of the townfmen run away, and at length came on board our pinnace upon Captain Havers' word of fafe return. We car- ried him to the river of Copalita, where our Ihips rode. When we came to our General, he caufed him to be fet on (hore in fafety the fame night, becaufe he came upon the Captain's word. The 28th, we fet fail from Copalita, becaufr the Tea was fo great that we could not fill wa- ter, and ran the fame night into the road of Aguatuko. The 29th, our General landed, and took with him thirty men two miles into the woods^ where we took a Medizo, whofe name was Mi- chael de Truxillo, who was cuftomer of that town, and we found with him two chambers full of his fluff i we brought him and his ftuff on board : and whereas I fay he was a Meftizo, it is to be undcrftood, that a Meftizo is one who hath a Spaniard to his father, and an Indian to hi« mother. The ■1 ;(! The Captain CiVVENDISH's VOtAGEiS. aoi The ad day of Auguft, having watered, ahd examined the faid Mellizo and fet him on ftiore again, we departed from the port of Aguatulco ihe fame night ; which Itandeth, as I faid be- fore, in 15 deg. and 40 min. to the northward t)f the Line. Here we overflipped the haven of Acapulco, from whence the fhips are fitted Cut for the Philippines. The 24thj our General with thirty of us went with the pinnace to an haven called Puerto dc Natividadi where we ' d intelligence by Mi« thael Sancius that there uld be a pinnace 1 but, before we could gei ihither, the faid pin- hace was gone to filh for pearls twelve leaves farther, as we were informed by certain Indians whom we found there. We took a mullatto in this place in his bed, who was fent with letters of advice concerning us along the coaft of Nueva Galicia, whofe horfe we killed. We took his letters, left him behind, fet fire to the houfes, and burnt two new fiiips of 200 tons each which were building there on the ftocks, and came on board of our (hips again. The 26th, we came into the bay of St. Jago, where we watered at a frcfh river, along which river nniany plantains were growing. Here is abundance of frefti fifh ; here alfo fome of our company dragged for pearls, and caught fome Quantity. The 2d of September, we departed from St. jago, at four o'clock in the evening. The bay of Si, Jago ftandeth in nineteen degrees Vot. I. D d and ml Hi' ,%, <^. *r^y^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) ey 1.0 1.1 1.25 bilM 111 2.0 us " llllm i.4 111.6 6" Hiotographic Sdences Corporation '^w ^^^ ^.V' 23 WEST MAIN STRUT WEBSTH.N.Y. I4SS0 (716)873-4503 ^0 Is ;\ \ 9^ ;V ■ii ' if 202 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. and eighteen minutes to the northward of the Line. i The 3d, we arrived in a little bay a league to the weft ward of Port de Natividad, called Ma- lacca, which is a very good place to ride in ; and this day, about twelve o'clock, our Gene- ral landed with thirty men, and went up to a town of Indians which was two leagues from the road, which town is called Acatlan : there were in it about 20 or go houfes, and a church which we defaced, and came on board the fame night. All the people fled out of the town at the fight of us. The 4th, we departed from the road of Ma- lacca, and failed along the coaft. The 8th we came to the road of Chacalla, in which bay there are two little houfes by the water- fide. This bay is 18 leagues from the Cape de los Corientes. . y - The 9th, in the morning, our General fent up Captain Havers with forty men of us before day, and, Michael Sancius being our guide, we went unto a place about two leagues up into the country, in a moft obfcure defart path, through the woods and wildernefs, and in the end we came to a place where we took three houfholders with their wives and children, and fome Indians, one carpenter (who was a Spaniard), and a Por- tuguefe. We bound them all, and made them come to the fea-fide with us : our General made their wives fetch us plantains, lemons, oranges, pine-apples, and other fruits, whereof they had abuhdance, Captain CAVENDlSH*s VOYAGES. 203 abundance, and fo let their hufbands depart, ex- ceptScmbrano, theSpani(h carpenter, and Diego, the Portuguefe, and the tenth day we departed from the road. The 1 2th, we arrived at a little ifland called the iflc of St. Andrew, on which there is great ftorc of fowl and wood •, where we dried and falted as many of the fowls as we thought good; We alfo killed there abundance of feals and oguanos, which are a kind of fcrpents with four feet, and a long (harp tail, (Irange to them who have not feen them, but they are very good meat. We rode here until the 17th, at which time we departed. . The 24th, we arrived in the road of Maf- fatlan, in twenty-three degrees thirty minutes, juft under the Tropic of Cancer. It is a very great river within, but is barred at the mouth ; and upon the north fide of the bar without is good frelh water, but there is much difficulty in filling it, becaufe at low water it is (hoal half a mile off the (hore. There is great ftore of frefli filh in this bay, and good fruks up in the coun- try, whereof we had fome, though npt without danger. The 27th, we departed from the road of Maf- fatlan, and ran to an idand which is a league to the northward of the faid Mafladan, where we trimmed our (hips, and new-built our pinnace. There is a little ifland a quarter of a league from it, on which arc feals ; where a Spanifl^pri- foner, whofe name was Domingo, being fent to P 4 2 walh 'iihi;! 204 Captain CAVENDISH*s VOYAGES. walh fhirts, with one of our men to keep him, tnade his efcape and fwam to the main, which was an Englifh mile diftantj at which place we had feen thirty or forty Spaniards and In- dians, who were horfemen and kept watch there, and came from a town called Chiameila, whicH was eleven leagues up into the country, as Mi- chael Sancius told us. We found upon the ifland where we trimmed our pinnace, frefli wa- ter, by digging two or three feet deep intq the fand, where no water nor fign of water was before to be perceived $ otherwife we muft have gone back 20or ^q leagues to water, which might have occafioned our miffing the prey we had long waited for : but one Flofes, a Spaniard, who was alfo a prifoner with us, made a motion to dig in the fands. Now, our General, having had experience before of the like, coipmanded to put his motion in pradlice, and, digging three feet deep, we found very good and frefti water : fo we watered our (hips, and might have filled ^ thoufand tons more if we had pleafed. We ftaid in this ifland until the ninth day of October, and then departed at night for the Cape of St. Lucar, which is on the weft fide of the point of California. The 14th, we fell in with the Cape of St. Lu- car, which cape is very like the Needles at the Ifle of Wight, and within the faid cape is a great bay, called by the Spaniards Aguada Se^ gura, into which bay falleth a fair frefti river, about which many Indians ufe to keep. We watered :d% ILu- the lis a Se- rver, Iwe :re4 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 295 watered in the river, and lay off and on with the faid cape of St. Lucar, until the 4th of No- vember, and had the winds hanging ftill weft- crly. The 4th of November, beating up and dowtt upon the head-land of California, in 23 degrees 40 minutes to the northward, between feven and eight o'clock in the morning, one of the company of our Admiral, who was the trum** peter of the (hip, going up unto the top, efpied a fail bearing in from the fea with the cape ^ whereupon he cried, with no fmall joy to him* felf and all the company, A fail ! a fail ! With which chearful word, the Mafter of the (hip» and divers others of the company, went alfo up to the main-top, who, perceiving his fpeech to be very true, gave information unto our Gene- ral of this happy news, who was no kis glad than the caufe required: whereupon he gave in charge prefently utito the whole company, to put all things in readinefs ; which being per* formed, he gave them chace for three or four hours, itanding with our beft advantage, and working for the wind. In the afternoon we got vp to them, giving them a broadfide with our great ordnance, and a volley of fmall (hot, and prefently laid the (hip aboard, whereof the King of Spain was owner, which was Admiral of the South Sea, called St. Anna, and thought to be •'(even hundred tons in burthen. Now, as we were ready on the (hip's fide to enter her, there pot being above fifty or fixty men at molt in our iif; w m m to6 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. our (hip, wc perceived that the Captain of the Santa Anna had made fights fore and aft, and laid their fails clofe on their poop, their mid^ (hip, with their forecaftle, and not one man to be fcen, they (landing fo clofe under their fights, ivith lances, javelins, rapiers, targets, and an in* numerable quantity of large ftones, which they threw overboard upon our heads, and into our fhips fo fall, and being fo many of them, that they put us off the (hip again, with the lofs of two of our men, who were Cain, and four or five wounded. But for all this, we new trim- med our fails, and fitted every man his furniture, and gave them a frelh encounter with our great ordnance, and alfo with our fmall (hot, raking them through and through, to the killing and wounding of many of their men. Their Cap- tain, ilill like a valiant man, with his company, ftood very iloutly unto his clofe fights, not yielding as yet. Our General encouraging his men afrefti, with the whole noife of trumpets, gave them the other encounter with our great ordnance, and all our fmall (hot, to the great difcouragement of our enemies, raking them through in divers places, killing and wounding many of their men. They being thus difcou- raged and fpoiled, and their (hip being in ha- zard of finking, by reafon of the great (hot which were made, whereof fome were under water, after five or fix hours fight, fet out a flag of truce, and parlied for mercy, defiring our General to fave their lives, and to take their goods^ Captaim CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. 207 goods, and that they would prefently yield. Our General promifed them mercy, and willed them to (Irike their fails, and to hoift out their boat, and to come on board : which news they were full glad to hear, and prefently ftruck their fails, hoiiled out their boat, and one of their chief merchants came on board unto our Gene- ral, and, falling down upon his knees, offered to have kifled our General's feet, and craved mer- cy. Our General pardoned both him and the reft, upon promife of their true dealing with. him and his company, concerning fuch riches as were in the (hip ; and fent for their Captain and pilot, who, at their coming, ufed the like duty and reverence as the former did. Our General promifed their lives, and good ufage. The faid Captain and pilot prefently certified the General what goods they had on board, viz. 122,000 pezoes of gold ; and the reft of the riches that the (hip was laden with* were filks, fattins, da- mafks, with mufk, and divers other merchan- dize, and great plenty of all manner of provi- fions, w'th the choice of many c onferves, and feveral forts of very good wines. Thefe things being made known to the General by the afore- iald Captain and pilot, they were commanded to ftay on board the Defire ; and on the 6th day of November following we went into an har- bour, which is called by the Spaniards Aguada Segura, or Puerto Seguro. Here the whole company of Spaniards, both men and women, to the number of 1 90 perfons, were fet on (hore 1 where they had a fair river of f ao8 Captain CAVENDISH^ i VOYAGES, I ,'* ( ■' I iiii! .■ : : i ill! I; 'I of f;e(h water, with great plenty of frclh fiflij fowl, and wood, and alfo many hares and coniel upon the main land. Our General alfo gave them plenty of provifions, garvances, peafon, and fome wine. Alfo they had all the fails of their ihip to make them tents on fhore, with licence to take fuch flore of planks as (hould be fuffi- cient to make them a bark. Then we fell to heaving in of our goods, Iharing of the treafure^ and allotting to every man his portion ; in di- vifion whereof, the 8 th of this month, many of the company fell into a mutiny againft our Ge« neral, efpecially thofe who were in the Content^ which were neverthelefs pacified for the time. On the 17th day of November^ which is the day of the happy coronation of her Majefty, our General commanded all his ordnance to be fhot off, with the fmall (hot ^ both in his own Ihip, and in the Content, which Was our Vicc- Admiral. This being done^ the fame night we had many fire-works, and more ordnance dif* charged, to the great admiration of all the Spa* nlards who were there, for the mofl of them ha^ never feen the like before. This ended, our General difcharged the Cap- tain, and gave him a royal re\7ard, with provifiohi for his own and company's defence againfi: the Indians, both of fwords, targets, pieces, (hot, and powder, to his great contentment. But before his departure, he took out of this great ihip two! young lads born in Japan) who could both read and Cap- Bott the |;, and before tw6 read and Cai^taiv cavendishes VOYAGED ao^ and virrite their own language ; the eldeft, being about twenty years old, was named Chriftopher i the other was called Cofmus, about feventeen years of age j both of very good capacity, j^p took alio with him, out of their (hip, tliree boys born in the iQes of Manilla •, the one about fif- teen, the other about thirteen, the youngeft about nine years of age : the name of theeldeft was Alphonfo, the fecond Anthony de Dafi, the third remaineth with the Right Honourable the Countefs of EfTex. He alfo took from them one Nicholas Roderigo, a Porcuguefe, who had not only been in Canton, and other parts of China, but had alfo been in the iOands of Japan» being a country mod rich in filver mines, and had alfo been in the Philippines. He took alfo from them a Spaniard, whole name was Thomas de Erfola, who was a very good pilot from Aca- pulco, and the coad of Nueva Efpanna, i^nto the iQands of Ladrope^, where the Spaniards put in to water, failing between Acapulco, and the Philippines *, in which ides of Ladronesthev found frelh- water plantains, and potatoe-roots : howbeit, the people are very rude, and hea* thens. The 19th day of November aforefaid, about three o'clok in the afternoon, our General caufed the King's (hip to be fet on fire, which^ having to the quantity of 500 tons of goods in her, we faw burnt unto the water, and then gave them a piece of ordnance, and fet fail joyfuUf homewards towards England, with a fair wind* Vol. I. E c which I .1 110 Captain CAVEt^DISHS VOYAGES; ivhich by this time was come about to eaft" north-eaft i and, night growing near, we left the Content a- (tern of us, which was not as yet come out of the road : and here, thinking (he would have overtaken us, we loft her company, and never faw her after. We were failing from this haven of Aguada Segura, in California, unto the i(les of Ladrones» the reft of November, and all December, and fo forth until the 3d of January, 1588, with a fair wind, for the fpace of forty- five days 1 and we efteemed it to be between feventeen and eighteen hundred leagues. The 3d of January, by fix o'clock in the morning, we had (ight of one of the iOands of Ladrones, called the iftand of Guarfa» ftanding in 13 deg. 40 min. towards the north ; and, fail- ing with a gentle gale before the wind, by one or two o'clock in the afternoon we were come within two leagues of the ifland, where we met with fixty or feventy fail of canoes^ full of fa* vages, who came off to fea unto us, and brought with them in their canoes, plantains, cocoas, potatoe-roots, and fre(h fi(h, which they had caught at fea, and held them up unto us for to truck, or exchange with us } which, when we perceived, we made faft little pieces of old iron upon fmall cords and filhing lines, and fo veered the iron into their canoes ; and they caught hold of them, and took off the iron, and in exchange of it they would make faft unto the line, either a pocatoe-robt, or a bundle of plantains, which wc Captaik cavendish's VOYAGES. 2 1 1 we hauled in : and thus our company exchang- ed with them, until they had fatisfied themfelves with as much as did content them i yet we could not be rid of them i for, afterwards, they were fo thick about the fhip, that it ftemmed and broke one or two of their canoes i but the men faved themfelves, being in every canoe four, fix, of eight perfons, all naked, and excellent fwimmers and divers. They are of a tawny colour, mar- velloufly fat, and ordinarily bigger of ftature than the molt of our men in England, wearing their hair very long, yet fomc of them have it made up and tied with a knot on the crown, and fome with two knots, much like unto their im* ages, which we faw them have carved in wood, and (landing in the head of their boats, like unto the images of the devil. Their canoes were as artificially made as any that ever we had feen, confidering they were made and contrived with- out any edged tool : they are not above half a fa- thom in breadth, and in length fome feven or eight fathoms, and their heads and (lerns are both alike : they are made out with rafts of canes and reeds on the (larboard- fide, with maft and fail : their fail is made of mats of fedges fquare or triangle ways ; and they fail as well right againd the wind as before it. Thefe fa- vages followed us fo long that we could not be rid of them ; until in the end our General com- manded our harquebu(res to be made ready, and he himfelf fired one of them, and the reft fjiot at them i but they were fo nimble, that we could £ e 2 not r'n SI2 Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. noc difcern whether they were killed or not, be- ca^fe they could fall backward into the Tea and prevent us by diving. The 14th, by break of Hay, we fell in with an he^d-land of the Philippines, which is called Cabo del Spirico Santo, which is of very great bignefs and length i high land in the midft of it» and very low landi as the cape lieth eaft and weft, trending far into the fea to the wellward* This cape or illand is diitant from the ifle of Guana 3x0 leagues. We were in failing of this courfe eleven days, with fcant winds and foul weather, bearing no fail two or three nights. This ifland fiandeth in thirteen degrees, and is inhabited for the mod: part by heathens, and very woody through the whole ifland. It is (hort of the chiefell ifland of the Philippines, called Manilla, about fixty leagues. Manilla is well planted, and inhabited by Spaniards to the number of (be or feven hundred perfons, who dwell in a town unwalled, which hath three or four fmall block- houfes, part made of wood and part of done, being indeed of no great flrength. They have one or two fmall gallies belonging to the town. It is a very rich place in gold and many other commodities i and they have yearly traffic from Acapulco, in Nueva Efpanna, and alfo twenty or thirty fliips from China, and from the San* guelos, which bringeth them many forts of mer^ chandize. The merchants of China, and the Sanguelos are part Moors and part heathens 1 they bring |;reat quantities of gold with them, which mp thi ii^ mcr* the [hernt Caftaih CAVENDISH'S voyages, 9119 which they traffic and exchange for Glvvr, and give weight for weight. Thefe Sangueios are men of great genius for inventing and making ftU manner of things, efpedally in all handi- crafts and fciences i and every one is fo expert^ perfect, and ikilful in his faculty, that few or no Chriftians are able to go be>ond them in that which they take in hand. For drawing and em- broidering upon fattin, (ilk, or lawn, either beaft, fowl, fi(h, or worm, for livelinefs and perfe^tnefs both in filk, (ilver, gold, and pearl, they excel. The 14th, at night, we entered the (Irails between the iiland of Xiucon and the ifland of Camlaia. ^ The J 5th day, we fell in with an ifland called Capul, and had, becwixt that and another ifland, a very narrow pailage, ocoalioned by a ledge ef rocks, lying off the ipoint of the ifland of Ge- pul, and no danger, but water enough a he fent for him, and afked him what he had to fay to him* The Fortuguefe made him anfwer. That, altho' he had offended his worfhip heretofore, yet now he had vowed his faith and true fervice to him » and, in refpeft whereof, he neither could nor vould conceal fuch treafon as was plotting ^ againft ting CAPTAiii CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES, ai^ againft him and his company ; which was this« that the Spaniard who was taken out of the great Santa Anna for a pilot, whofe name was Thomas de Erfola, had written a letter fecretly^ fealed it^ and locked it up in his cheft, mean- ing to convey it, by the inhabitants of this ifland) to Manilla \ the contents whereof were, that there had been two Englifh (hips along the coaft of Chili, Peru, Nueva Efpanna, and Nueva Galicia, and that they had taken many fhips and merchandize in them, and burnt di- vers towns, and fpoiled all that ever they could come unto % and that they had taken the king's fliip which came from Manilla, and all his trea- fure, and all the merchandize that was therein, and had fet all the people on (hore, taking him-t felf away by force ; therefore he willed them that they- fhould make ftrong their bulwarks^ with their two galleys, and all fuch provifion as they could poflTibly make. He further figniBed, that we were riding at an idand called Capul, which was at the end of the idand of Manilla -, being but one fhip with fmall force in it ; and that the other (hip, as he fuppofed, was gone for the north-weft pa(rage, (landing in fifty-five degt ees ; and that, if they could ufe any means to iurprize us, being there at anchor, they fliould difpatch it, for our force was but fmall, and our men but weak; and that the place where we rode was but fifty leagues from them : otherwife, if they let us efcape, within a few years they muft make account to have their town i 'i\ KM i: SI.:-'! I ,.i..< i| 'ij-;/ ii6 Captaiw CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES* town befieged and facked by an army of Eng» hfb. This information being given, our Gene- ral called for him, and charged him with thefe things, which, at the Brfl:, he utterly de- nied i but, in the end, the matter being made manifeft and known of certainty by fpe* dal trial and proofs, the next morning, our Ge* neral gave orders tliat he (hould be hanged,, which was accordingly performed the i6ch of January. We rode for the fpace of nine days about this ifland of Capul, where we had divers kinds of frefh viduals, with excellent frelh water in every bay» and great plenty of wood. The people of this ifland go almoft naked, and are of a tawny colour. The men wear only a girdle abouc their waifts, of a kind of linnen of their own weaving, which is made of plantain leaves, and an apron, which, coming from their back and covering their nakednefs, is made fad t9 their girdles at their navels. Thefe people ufe a ftrange kind of order among them, which is this : every man and man- child among them hath a little peg- nail thrufib through the head of his privy parts, being fplit in the lower end, and rivettcd, and on the head oE the nail is as it were a crown i which they take out and in as they have occafion : and for the truth thereof we ourfclves have taken one of thefe nails from a Ton of one of their kings, who was of the age of ten years. On M':'i| f f ►rdcr lan- IhruCb fplit head they Id for one On CAPTAtit CAV£NblSH*s VOYAGES, it; On the ijd of January, our General, Mr. Thomas Cavcndifh, caufed all the chiefs of this ifland and of an hundred iflands more» whom he had made to pay tribute to him, T>hich tribute was in hogs, hens, potatoes and cocoas* to appear before him, and made himfelf and his company known unto them, that they were £ng<* lilhmen, and enemies to the Spaniards; and thereupon fpread his enfign, founded his trum* pets, and beat his drums; which they much wondered at. To conclude, they promifed both themfelves and all the iflands thereabor.r^ to aid him whenfoever he (hould come again to overcome the Spaniards. Alfo our General gave them, in token that we were enemies to the Spaniards, money back again for all their tri«^, bute which they had paid, which they took very friendly, and rowed about our (hip to give Us pleafure. At lad our General ordered a facre to be (hot o(r, whereat they wondered, and» with great contentment, took their leave of U9^ The next day, being the 26th of January, we fet fail, about fix o'clock in the morning, and ran along the coafl: of the ifland of Manilla^' ihaping our courfe north weiV between Manilla and the ifle of Ma(bat. The 28th in the morning, about feven o'clock* riding at an anchor between two iflands, we fpied a frigate under her courfcs, coming out between two other iflands, which, as we imagined, came from Manilla, failing clofe by the fltore along the main ifland of Panama. We chaced this fri- gate along the (hore, and gained fad upon her, yoL.1. F f until 1 M" i''!'i|l ■'f'P' ■ -i 2i8 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. until in the end we came fo near that fhe flood in for the fhore, clofe by a wind, and being be- calmed, banked up with her oars ; whereupon we came to an anchor with our fhip a league and a half from the place where the frigate rowed in, and manned our boat with half a dozen fliot, and as many men with fwords, who did row the boat. Thus we made after the fri- gate, which had run into a river where we could not reach her ; but as we rowed along the fhore, our boat came into very Ihallow water, where many marks were fet up in divers places in the fea, from whence two or three canoes came forth, whereof one made fomewhat near unto us with three or four Indians in it. We called unto them, but they would not come nearer unto us, but rowed from us, whom we durft not follow too far, for fear of bringing ourfelves too much to the leeward of our Ihip. Here, as we looked about us, we fpied another balfa or canoe of a great bignefs, which they who were in her did fet along, as we ufually fet a barge, with long ftaves or poles, which was builded up with great canes, and below near the water made to row with oars, wherein were about five or fix Indians and one Spaniard. Now, as we were come almofi: at the balfa, we ran a-ground with our boar, but one or two of our men leapt over- board and freed it again prefently, and keeping thwart her head, we laid her aboard, and took into us the Spaniard, but the Indians leaped into the fea, and dived and rofe again far off from us. Prcftntly, upon the taking of this canoe, there '. appeared Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES 219 appeared upon the fands a band of foldiers, marching with an enfign having a red crofs like the flag of England, who were about fifty or fixty Spaniards, lately come from Manilla to that town, which is called Reguan, in a bark to fetch a new (hip of the king's, which was building in a river within the bay, and ftaid there only for certain irons to ferve for the rudder of the faid fhip, which they looked for every day. This band of men fliot at us from the (here with their mufquets, but hit none of us, and we Ihot at them again. They alfo manned a frigate, and fent it out after our boat to have taken us, but we with our oars went from them 5 and whether they perceived they could not overtake us, but that they muft come with- in danger of the ordnance of our fhip, they flood in with the fhore again, and landed their men j and prefently fent their frigate about the point, but whither we knew not : fo we came on board with this one Spaniard, who was neither foldier nor failor, but one who was come among the reft from Manilla, and had been in the hof- pital there a long time before, and was a very limple fellow, and fuch a one as could anfwer to very little that was enquired of him con- cerning the ftate of the country. Here we rode at anchor all that night, and perceived that the Spaniards had difperfed their band into two or three parties, and kept great watch in feveral places with fires and (hooting oflf of their pieces. i?- F f a This my: i; I ''n" w< I'll; i| !i 1| ■! '!l aao Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. This iQand hftth much plain ground in it in many places, and I7>any fair and itraight trees grow upon it, fit to mai^e excellent mads for all forts of fhips* There are alfo mines of very fino gold in it, which are in the cuftody of the In- dians. And, to the fouchward of this place-^ there is another very great iOand, which is :ioc fubdued by the Spaniards, nor any other nation. The people who inhabit it are all negroes ; and the ifland is called the Ifland of Negroes* It is almofl; as big as England, (landing in nine de^ grees. The moll part of it fcemeth to be very low land, and, by all likelihood, is very fruitful. The apth day of January, about f;x o'clock in the morning, we fet fail, fending our boat be« fore, until it was two o'clock in the afternoon, pairing all this time as it were through a ftrait, betwixt the faid two iflands of Panama and the ifland of Negroes *, and, about 1 6 leagues off» we efpied a fair opening, trending fouth-weft and by fouth ; at which time our boat came on board, and our General fent commendation! to the Spanilh Captain, whom we came from the evening before, by the Spaniard we had taken, and defired him to provide good (lore of gold, for he intended to fee him with his com- pany at Manilla within a few years, and that he did but want a bigger boat to have landed hit men, or elfe he would have feen him then s and fo caufed him to be fet on (hore. The 8th day of February, by eight o'clock in the morning, we eipied an ifland near Gilolo^ called :lock :aUcd Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES, ail called Batochina, which flandeth in one degree from the £quino£tial Line, northward. The 14th day of February, we fell in with eleven or twelve very fmall iflands, lying very low and flat, full of trees 1 and paiTed by fome iflands which are funk, and have the dry fands lying in the main fea. Thefe iflands, near the Moluccas, (land in three degrees ten minutes to the fouthward of the Line. On the 1 7th day, one John Gamefprd, a coc per, died, who had been fick of an old difeafe a long time. The ^ioth day, we fell in with certain other iflands, which had many fmall iflands among them, ftanding four degrees to the fouthward of the Line. On the 2 ifl: day of February, being Afli-Wed* nefday, Captain Havers died of a moft violent ;uid peitilent ague, which held him furioufly for feven or eight days, to the no fmall grief of €ur General, and of all the reft of the company, who cauied two falcons and one facre to be (hot off, with all the fmall (hot in the flup ; who,^ after he was (hrouded in a (heet, was thrown over- board, with great lamentation of us alU Moreover, prefently after his death, myfelf, with divers others in the (hip, fell very fick, and fo continued in very great pain for the fpace of three weeks, or a month, by reafon of the ex- treme heat and intemperatenefs of the climate. The I ft day of March, having pa(red through ibc ftraits pf J[aya Minor and Java Major, we came t l: i 1 19 222 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. came to an anchor, under the fouth-weft parts of Java Major ; where we efpied certain of the inhabitants, who were iifhing by the fea-fide in a bay which was under the ifland. Then our General taking into the fhip-boat certain of his company, and a negroe who could Ipeak the Morifco tongue, whom he had taken out of the Santa Anna, made towards thofe fifhers *, who, having efpied our boat, ran on (hore into the woods, for fear of our men. But our General caufed his negroe to call unto them ; who had no looner heard him call, than prefently one of them came to the (hore fide, and made anfwer* Our General, by the negroe, enquired of him for frefli water •, which they found •, and caufed the filher to go to the King, and to acquaint him of a (hip that was come to have traffic for viftuals, and for diamonds, pearls, or any other rich jewels that he had ; for which, he (hould have cither gold, or other merchandize in ex- change. The filher anfwered, that we fhould have all manner of vidluals that we would re- queft; Thus our boat came on board again^ "W ithin a while after, we went about to furnifli our (hip thoroughly with wood and water. About the 8th of Mai-ch, two or three canoes came from the town unto us, with eggs, hens, frefh fifh, oranges, and limes, and brought word we (hould have had vifbuals more plentifully* but that they were fo far to be brought to us where we rode. Which when our General heard, he weighed anchor, and ftood in nearer for •> inoes lens, lord ruUy> CO us icral learer for Cap .UN CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. 22J for the town •, and, as we were under fail, we met with one of the King's canoes coming to- wards us: whereupon we dropc fome of our fails, and Aaid for the canoe until it came aboard us, then flood into the bay, which was hard by, and came to an anchor. In this canoe was the King's Secretary, who had on his head a piece of died linen, folded up like unto a Turkifli turban. He was all naked, except about his waifl ; his bread was carved with the broad arrow upon it ; he went bare-footed. He had an interpreter with him, who was a Meftizo, that is, half an Indian and half a Portugueie, who could fpeak very good Portuguefc. Thij Secretary fignified unto our General, that he had brought him an hog, hens, eggs, frefli fifh, fugar-canes, and wine, which wine was as llrong as aqua-vitae, and as clear as any rock -water. He told him farther, that he would bring victuals fo fufHciently for him as he and his company would requeft, and that within the fpace of four days. Our General ufed him fingularly well* banquetted him mod royally with the choice of many and fundry conferves, wines both fweet and otherwife; and caufed his muficians to make him mufic. This done, our General told him, that he and his company were Englifhmen ; that we had been at China, and had trafficked in that country 5 that we were come thither to make enquiries, and purpofed to go to Molucca. The people told our General, that there were certain Portuguefc in the ifland, who (laid there as fac- tors t II! i\r "W ¥. r ii4 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES- tors continually, to traffic with them, to buy negroci, cloves, pepper, fugar, and many other commodities. This Secretary of the King, with his interpreter, lay one night on board our fliip« The fame night, becaufe they lay on board, in the evening at the fetting of the watch, our Ge- neral commanded every man in the (hip to pro- vide his harquebufs, and his (hot } and fo with (hooting off forty or fifty fmall (hot, and a facre« himfelf fet the watch. This was no fmall won- der to thefe heathen people, who had not com- monly feen any fhip fo furnifhed with men and ordnance. The next morning we difmifled the Secretary and his interpreter, with all humanity. The fourth day after, which was the i2th of March, according to their appointment, came the King's canoes : but the wind being fome- what fcant, they could not get on board that night, but put into a bay under the ifland until the next day ; and, prefently after the break of day, there came to the number of nine or ten of the King's canoes, ^ deeply laden with provi- fions as they could fwim, with two live oxen^ half a (core of large fat hogs, a number of live hens, ducks, and geefe, with eggs, plantains^ fugar-canes, fugar in plates, cocoas, fweec oranges, and bitter limes, great (lore of wine and aqua-vitse, fait to feafon meat with, and almoft all manner of provifions befides, accompanied with divers of the King's officers who were there. Among all the reft of the people, in one of thele canoesi came two Portuguefe, who were men of middle r r Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 225 middle (lacure, and very proper perfonage : they were each of them in a lool'e jerkin and hofe^ which came down from the wailt to the ancle, according to the fafhion of the country, and partly becaufe it was Lent, and a time for doing of their penance. They account it as a thing of great diflionour among thefe heathens, to wear cither hofe or (hoes on their feet. The Portu- guefe had on each of them a very fair and a white lawn (hirt, with falling bands on the fame, very decent, their bare legs excepted. Thefe Porta- guefe were no fmall joy unto our General, and all the reft of our company -, for we had not fcen any Chridian that was our friend for a year and an half before. Our General ufed and treated them (ingularly well with banquets and mufic- They told us, that they were no lefs glad to fee us than we were to fee them, and enquired inta the eflate of their country, and what was become of Don Antonio, their King, and whether he were living or not 5 for that they had not been in Portugal for a long time, and that the Spa- niards bad always brought them word that he was dead ? Then our General fatisfied them in every demand, affuring them that their King was alive and in England, and had honourable allowance from our Queen ; and that there was war betwixt Spain and England, and that we were come under the King of Portugal into the South Sea, and had warred upon the Spaniards there, and had fired, fpoiled, and funk all the fliips along the cu^lt that we could meet with* . Vol, L G g *^ • • !'i li ilili: l^ 426 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. to the number of eighteen or twenty fail. With this report they were abundantly fatisfied. On the other fide, they declared unto us the ftate of the iQand of Java : Firft, the plentiful* nefs, great clioice, and ftore of provifions of all forts, and of all manner of fruits, as before fet down *, then the great and rich merchanchizes which are there to be had. Then they defcribed the nature and properties of the people, as fbl? loweth : The name of the King of that part of the iQand was Raya Bolamboam, who was a man had in great majefty and fear among them. The common people may not bargain, fell, or ex- change any thing with any other nation, without fpecial licence from their King i and, if any fo do, it is prefent death for him. The King him* felf is a man of great years, and hath an hundred wives } his Ton hath fifty. The cuftom of the country is, that, whenfoever the King doth die, they take the dead body and burn it, and pre- ferve the alhes of him ; and, within five days next after, the wives of the (aid King fo dead^ according to the cufl:om and ufe of their coun- try, every one of them go together to a place appointed -, and, the chief of the women, who was nearcfl to him in account, hath a ball in her hand, and throweth it from her $ and to the place where the ball refleth, thither they go all, and turn their faces to the eaflward, and every one, with a dagger in her hand (which dagger they call a crife, and is as iharp as a razor,) ftabthem* felves to thei heart, and, with their own hands, , bathe r I >lace ho w her )lace and one, they icm- mdSt >ath6 ^ ;. iM il:^K t-']!i\ f^iM.:. ''^ • i-i^ Ca^ain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. 227 bathe themfclves in their blood, and falling flat on their faces, fo end their days. This thing is as true as it may feem to any hearer to be ftrangc. The men of themfelves are very politic and fubtle, and Angularly valiant ("being naked men) in any action they undertake, and very fubmif- five and obedient to their king : for example, if their king command them to undertake any exploit, be it ever fo dangerous or defperate, they dare not nor will not refufe, though they fhould die every man of them in executing the fame ; for he will cut off the heads of every one of them who return alive, without bring- ing their purpofe to pafs ; which is fuch a thing amongft them, as maketh them the moil valiant people in all the fouth-ead parts of the world i for they never fear any death ; for being in fight with any nation, if any of them feeleth himfelf hurt with lance or fword, he will willingly run himfelf upon the weapon quite through the body to procure his death the more fpeedily, and in this defperate manner end his days, or overcome his enemy. Moreover, although the men be tawny of colour, and go continually naked, yet their women are fair of complexion, and go more apparelled. After they had thus defcribed the ftate of the ifland, and the order and fafhion of the people, they told us further, that, if their king, Don Antonio, would come unto them, they would warrant him to have all the Moluccas at com- ' ~ G g 2 mand, ii4 .1 £sit !-1 I- ■■i!!' ^i-!^ 228 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. mand, befides China-Sanglos and the ifles of the Philippines ; and that he might be afiured to have all the Indians on his fide that were in the country. After we had fully contented thefe Portuguefe, and tlve people of Java who had brought us provifions in their canoes, they took their leave of us with promife of all good enter- tainment at our return ; and our General gave them three great pieces of ordnance at their departing. Thus, the next day, being the 1 6th of March, we fet fail towards the Cape of Good Hope, called by the Portuguefe Cabo de Buena Ef- peranca, on the mod fouthern coaft of Africa. The reft of March, and all the month of April, we fpent in traverfing that mighty and vaft fea, between the ifland ojF Java and the main of Africa, obferving the heavens, the Crofiers, or the South- pole, the other ftars, the fowls which are marks unto feamen of fair weather and foul weather, approaching of lands or iflands, tl j winds, the tempefts, the rain$ and thunder, with the alterations of tides an4 currents. The loth day of May, we had a florm from the weft, and it blew fo hard, that it was a$ much as the ftiip could fteer clofe by under the wind I and the ftprm continued all that day and all that night. The next day, being the nth of May, in the ^prning, one of the company went up to the J ^op, nthe [o the top, Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 229 top, and efpied land bearing north and north-by- \ve(t of us i and about noon we efpied land to bear weft of us, which we imagined to be the Cape of Buena Efperanca, whereof indeed we were Ihort about forty or fifty leagues 5 and, by reafon of the fcantnefs of the wind, we flood along to the fouth-eall pntil midnight, at which time the wind came fair, and we hauled along weftward. The 1 2 th and 13th days we were becalmed, and the iky was very hazy and thick until the 14th day at three o'clock in the afternoon, at which time the Iky cleared, ^nd we fpied land again, which was that called Cabo Falfo, which is ihort of Cabo de Buena Eljperanca forty or fifty leagues. This cape is very eafy to be known, for there are right over it three very high hills, (landing but a fmall way one oflf another, and the higheft ilandeth in the midfl, and the ground is nuich lower by the fea-fide. The Cape of Good Hope bearcth weft and by-fouth from the faid C^bo Falfo. The 1 6th day of May, about four o'clock in the afternoon, the wind came up at eaft a very brifk gale, which continued till Saturday, with as much wind as ever the (hip could go be- fore. At which time, by fix o'clock in the morning, we efpied the promontory or head- land called the Cabo de Buena Efperanca, which is a pretty high- land *, and at the wefternmoft ppiiit, a little ofiT the main, appear two hum- mocks m I m 1'' im t\ m I' ■ i%^ ) I. i :Nii„;i,:1 230 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. mocks, the one upon the other, and three other hummocks, lying further off into the fca, yet low-land between and adjoining unto tie Tea. This Cape of Buena lifperanca is fet down and accounted 2000 leagues from the ifland of Java in the Portuguefe fea charts, but it is not fo much by almoft 150 leagues, as we found by the running of our fhip. We were in running of thefc 1850 leagues juft nine vveeks. The Sth day of June, by break of day, we fell in fight of the ifiand of St. Helena, feven or eight leagues Ihort of it, having but a fmall gale of wind, or almod none at all, infomuch as we could not get into it that day, but flood off and on all that night. The next day, being the ninth of June, hav- ing a pretty eafy gale of wind, we flood in with the fliore, our boat being fent away before to make the harbour ; and, about one o'clock in the afternoon, we came to an anchor in twelve fathoms water, two or three cables length from the ihore, in a very fair and fmooth bay under the north- weft fide of the ifiand. This ifland is very high land, and Heth in the main fea *, flanding, as it were, in the midfl of the fea, between the main land of Africa, the main of Brazilia, and the coafl of Guinea ; and is in fifteen degrees forty- eight minutes to the fouthward of the Equinoctial Line, and is dif- tant from the Cape of Buena Efperanca between pve and fix hundred leagues. The Captain CAVENDISH*s VOYAGES. 231 « The fame day, about two or three o'clock in the afternoon, we went on fliore, where we found an exceeding fair and pleafant valley, wherein divers handfome buildings and houfes were fet up ; and one particularly, which was a church, was tiled and whitened on the outfide very fair, and made with a porch ; and within the church, at the upper end, was fet an altar, whereon ilood a very large table, fet in a frame, having in it the pidure of our Saviour Chrift upon the crofs, and the image of our Lady praying, with divers other hiftories curioufly painted in the fame. The fides of the church were hung round with ftained cloths, having many devices drawn on them. There are two houfes adjoining to the church, on each fide one, which ferve for kitchens to drefs meat in, with neceffary rooms and houfes of office. The coverings of the faid houfes are made flat, where is planted a very fair vine, and through both the faid houfes runneth a very good and wholcfome ftream of frefli water. Inhere is alfo over againft the church a very fair caufeway, made up with (tones reaching unta a valley by the fea-fide, in which valley is plant- ed a garden, wherein grow great ftore of pom- pions and melons; and upon the faid caufeway is a frame eredcd, whereon hang two bells, wherewith they ring to mafs •, and near to it a crofs is fet up, which is fquared, framed, and made very artificially of free-ftone, whereon is carved The • .!( ■#; i!:"-i'. 232 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. carved in cyphers what time it was built, which was in the year of our Lord 1571. This valley is the fairefl: and largeft low plot in all the ifland, and is exceeding fweet and plea- fant, and planted in every place, either with fruit or with herbs. There are Bg- trees which bear fruit continual- ly and very plentifully 5 for on every tree you may fee bloiToms, green 6gs, and ripe figs all at once, and it is fo all the year long. The rea- fon is, that the ifland ftandeth fo near the fun. There is alfo great (lore of lemon-trees, orange- trees, pomegranate trees, pomecitron-trees, and date-trees, which bear fruit as the fig-trees do, and are planted carefully and very artificially, with pleafant walks under and between them -, and the faid walks are overlhadowed with the leaves of the trees ; and in every void place is planted parfley, forrel, bafil, fennel, annifeed, multard-feed, radiflies, and many very good herbs. The frelh-water brook runneth through divers places in this orchard, and may, with very fmall pains, be made to water any one tree in the valley. This trtfh- water ftream cometh from the tops of the mountains, and falleth from the cliff in- to the valley the Iieight of a cable ; and hath many arms ififuing out of it, that refrefh the whole ifland, and almoft every tree in it. The ifland is altogether high mountains and deep vallies, except it be on the tops of fome hills, and down below in for of the vallies, where great plenty of tops Iff in- hath hole laand lUies, lown ilcnty of Captain CAVENDIStl's VOYAGES. 233 bf all thofe fruits before fpoken of do grow. There are much more growing on the tops of the mountains than below in the vallies •, but it is very toiMbme ahd dangerous travelling up linto them and down again, by reafon of the height and lleepneis of the hills. There are alio upon this ifland great ftore of partridges, which are very tame, not making any great hade to fly away, though one come very near them, but only to run away and get up into the fteep diflfs 5 we killed fome of therri With a fowling-piece ; they differ very much from our partridges which afe in England both in bignefs and alfo in coloUr, for they are almoft as big as hens, and are of an a(h colour, and live in covies, twelve, fixteen, and twenty to- gether 5 you cannot go ten or twelve fcore paces but you (hall fee or fpring one or two covies at the leaft. There are likewife no lefs plenty of pheafants in the ifland, which are alfo very big and fat, furpafling thofe which are in our country in big« nefs and in numbers in a company ; they differ hot very much in colour from the partridges before fpoken of. We found, moreover, on this ifland, plenty of Guinea-cocks, which we call turkies, of colour black and white, with red heads •, they are much the fame in bignefs with burs in England -, their eggs are white, and as big as a turkey's egg. There are in this ifland thoufands of goats, which the Spaniards call cabritos, which are very y t the penguins came thither, in great plenty, to . breed. We concluded with the pinnace, that (be fhould fometimes go thither to catch ieals for us ; upon which condition we would (hare vic- tuals with her man for man } whereunto the whole company agreed. So we parted our poor ftore, and Ihe laboured to fetch us fe^ls to eat» wherewith we lived when fmelts and mufcles failed ; for in the nep-tides we could get no mufcles. Thus, in the moft miferablc calamity, we remained until the 6th of Auguit, ftill keep- ing watch upon the hills to look for our Gene- ral ; and fo great was our vexation and anguilh of foul, as I think never flefli ano blood endured more. Our mifcry daily incrcafmg, time paf- f fo . " ,hc lur ; till * iclf V ovir of a :lcs, hrce with bun- : year* = y, to, at (he I Is for, vie- : the! poor; lo eat»^ lufcles [tt no imity, Ikeep- ICene- guilh idurcd 1 le paf- fing. # W' m 11 '*iif I I*, I'* 4 I Captain CAVENDISEPs VOYAGES. 251 fmg, and our hope of the General being very cold, our Captain and Mafter were fully per- fuaded that the General might, perhaps, go di- reftly for the (traits, and not come to this har- bour : whereupon, they thought nocourfe more convenient, than to go prefcntly for the ftraits, and there to (lay his coming *, for, in that place he could not pafs, but of courfe we muft fee him : Whereunto the company moft willingly confent- ed,asairo the Captain and Mailer of the pinnace, fo that upon this determin;icion we made all pof- iible fpeed to depart. The 6th of Auguft, we fet fail, and went to Penguin Iflej and, the next day, we falted 20 hogOieads of feals, which was as much as our fait could do. The 7th, towards night, we de- parted from Penguin Ifle. The 9th, we had a fore dorm, fo that we were condrained to hull, for our fails were not fit to endure any force. The 14th, we were driven in among certain ifles never before difcovered by any known relation, lying fifty leagues, or better, off the fhore, eaft and northerly from the ftraits j in which place, had not the wind ceafed, we muft of neceflity have periftied. But, the wind fhifting, we di- refted our courfe for the ftraits ; and, the i8th of Auguft, we fell in with the Cape in a very thick feg i and, the fame night, we anchored ten leagues within the Cape. The 19th, we pafTed the firft and fecond ftraits. The 2 1 ft, we doubled Cape FrowLrd. The 22d, we anchored in Salvage Cove, fo called becaufe we faw many fa- M K k 2 vages, \' , mmm!^ j ■j , HIq V % '^ j^' li'i! '■ <*fn i' . ,1-.'^ st«': ' i.i-i :.!■! ' V .Ti '!»•■". Ml f ^v•^. " • II 4252 Captain CAVENDISHES VOYAGES. v^ges there. NotY'ichijlandlng fihe ejf:t;t;eme col(i pf this place, yet do ^11 thefe p^oplp gQ naked, ^dlive in the wgods^ilf.e.racyrs, painted and dif- ^uifed, and flee froni ypu like wild dcef . T^ey are ,very ftrong^ and thr^w itpnes u us of tt^ee or four pounds weight, ^n incredible diftance. The 24th, in the morning, >ye departed from this :qove, and the fame day we came into.the porth- weft reach, which is the lafl re^ich of i;hellraits* The 25th, we anchored in a good cpve, withiq J 4 leagues of the South Sea ; in tjjis pl^ce w-e purpoied to ftay for the General ; for the ftrait ^t this place, is fcarce three miles iproad, fo that he could not paf? but we mufl: fee him» After ,ivc had ftaid here a fortnight in {\\e depth of ."Winter, our viduals confuming (for our fcal^ rilunk moft vilely, and our men djed pitifpUy through cold and famine, for the gi-eateli part of them had not doaths to defend ti^cim from the extremity ot the winter's cold) ; being in this heavy diftrefs, our Captain and Matter thought it the beft courfe to depart from the (traits intp the South Sea,and togofor theiQeofSantsi Mari^^ which is to the northward of Baldivia, in 37 deg. 15 min. where we might have relief, and be in a temperate clime, and there ftay for thp Genera), for of npceflity he muft come by that ifle. So w/e departed the 1 3th of September,and came in Hght f)f the South Sea. Pn the 14th, we were forcecj back again, and recovered a cove, three leagues liyichin the ft raits from the South Sea. Again |(te put forth, and being eight or ten leagues free f 014 ed, dif. h&y nee. this >rth- aits. ithin e we ftrait uhat After Jthpf feal^ ml of m the 1 thi? ought s intq [ari^, >e in a mcra], So we In figbt I forced leagues Again ie$ fr^e 9f Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 255 of the land, the wind rifing furioufly at weft- north-weft, we w,ere forced back again into the (traits for want of fails ; for we never durfl bear fail in any llrefs of weather, they were fo weak : fo again we recovered the cove three leagues within the ftraits» where we endured moil furious weather i fo that one of our two cables brake, whereby we were ihopelefs of life : yet it pleafed God tocalmtheilorm, and weunreev'd our (heets, tacks, halliards, and other ropes, and moored pur (hip to the trees, clofe by the rocks. We . laboured |o recover our anchor again, but could not, it lay fo deep in the water, and, as we think» covered with oa^. Now had we but one anchor, which had but one whole fluke, a cable fpliced in two places, 9^d a piece of an old one. In fhe midil of theie our troubles, the wind came lair thjc firft of Ck5tober ; wnereupon, with all expedition, we loofed ovir moorings, and weighed pur anchor, a;id fo tpwed off into the channel ; for ^e had mended our boat in f'ort Pefir(e,and had iive oars of the pinnace. When we had y^eighe^ our anchor, we foun4 our cable broken.;* pnly one ftjrand held; Being in the channel, we feeved our rppes, and again rigged our (hip; po man's hand was idle, but all laboured even for the iaft gafp of life. Here our company was divided ; fome deGred to go again for Port De« £re, an4 thetje to be fet on (bore, where thev pight travel for their lives ; and fome itood with the Captain and Mailer to proceed. Whereupon |he Captain ifaid to the ^f after, [* MaAer, you * • fee I m if ';! m hi f- M ' ' ; f > i' "{ ,;.ii '^u :i, n-i'* . 254 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. fee the wonderful extremity of our cftate, zt\d the great doubts among our company of the truth of your reports, as touching relief to be had in the South Sea. Now, good M after, for as much as you have been in this voyage once before with your Mafter the General, fatisfy the company of fuch truths as are to you beft known ; and, you the reft of the General's men, who likewife have been with him in his firft voyage, if you hear any thing contrary to the truth, fpare not to reprove it, I pray you.** Then the Mafter faid, *^ If you think good to return, I will not gainfay k : but this 1 think, if life may be preferved by any means, if is in proceeding; for at the ifleof Santa Maria I do afTure you of wheat, pork« and roots enough. Alfo, I will bring you to an i(Ie where pelicans be in great abundance, and we (hall have meal in great plenty, befides a poITibility of intercept- ing ibme (hips upon the coaft of Chili and Peru. But, if we return, there is nothing but death to be hoped for : therefore, do as you like, I am ready j but my defire is to proceed." Thefe his fpeeches, being confirmed by others that were in the former voyage, there was a general confent for proceeding ; and fo, the 2d of Oftober, we put into the South Sea, and were free of all land. This night the wind began to blow very much at weft-north-weft, and ftill increafed in fury, fo that we were in great doubt whatcourie to take. To put into the ftraits we durft not, for lack of ground'tackle : to bear fail we doubted, the tcmpeft t ;re m Infent we Hand. iuch Iryjo Itake, :kof the ipeft Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 2^5 tempeft was fo furious, and our fails fo bad. The pinnace, came round with us, and told us that ihe had received many grievous feas, and that her ropes did every hour fail her, fo as they could not tdl what Ihift to make. We, being unable in any fort to help her. Hood under our courfes in view of the lee-lhore, ftill expedting our rui- nous end. The 4th of Odober, the ftorm growing be- yond meafure furious, the pinnace, being in the wind of us, (Iruck fuddenly a hull, fo that we thought (he had received fome grievous fea, or fprung a leak, or that her fails failed her, becaufc Ihe came not with us -, but we durft not hull in that unmerciful (lorm, but fometimes tried un- der our Hi in courfe, fometimes with a haddock of ourii^ f )r our fliip was very leeward, and moll labouriome in the fea. This night we loft the pinnace, and never faw her again. The 5th, our fore-fail was fplit and all torn : then our Mafter took the mizzen, and brought it to thefore-maft, tp make oui I'nip work, and with our fprit- fail we mended our fore-fail, the ftorm continuing beyond all defcription in fury, with hail, fnow, rain, and wind, fuch and fo mighty, as that in nature it could not poffibly be more, the fea fuch and fo lofty, with continual breach, that many times we were doubtful whe- ther our (hip did fink or fwim. The lothof Odlober, being, by the account of our Captain and Mafter, very near the fhore, the weather dark, the ftorm furious, and moft of our men ilr' ^! n • : if.'l .1 \[JSk %JS,S CAPtAiM CAVENl)IOT*s V0YAGE5; men having given over to labour, we yielded ourfelves to death without further hoj)e of fuc«< cour. Our Captain fitting in the gallery very penfive, I came and brought him fome rofafilisi to comfort him ; for he was fo cold, that he was icarce able to move a joint. After he had drank^ and was comforted in heart, he began, fbr the cafe of his confcience, to make a large repetition of his forepalTed time, and with many grievous fighs, he concluded with a (hort prayer for our prefervation. Having ended, he dcfired me not to make known to any of the company his into- lerable grief and anguilh of mind; becaufe they ibould not thereby be difmayed. And fo fuddenly, before I went from him, the fun (hined clear; fo- that he and the Matter both obferved the triid elevation of the Pole, whereby they knew by what courfe to recover the ftrai:s. Wherewithal our Captain and Matter were fo revived, and^ gave fuch comfortable fpeeches to the company, that every man rejoiced, as though we had re- ceived a prefent deliverance. The next day^ being the iich of Odtober, we law Cape De- feado, being the cape on the fouth ftwre (the north ihore being nothing but a company of dangerous rocks, ides, and ihoais). This^ cape being within two leagues to the leeward of us^^ our Matter greatly doubted that we could not double the fame : neverthelefs, being a man of good fpirit, he refokitely made quick difpatch, and fet fail. Our fails had not been half an hour on board, but the foot-rope of our fbre-fail brake. Captain CAVENDISH'ij VOYAGES. 2^7 brake, fo that nothing held but the oylet holes* The leas continually brake over the (hip's poop, and flew into the fails with luch violence, that we (till expedted the tearing of our fails, or over- fetting of the (hip i and, befides, to our utter dif- comfort, we perceived that we fell ftill more and more to ke-ward, fo that we could not double the cape. We were now come within half a mile of the cape, and fo near the (bore, that the counter furf of the fea would rebound againft the fhip's fide, fo that we were much difmayed with the horror of our prc-fent end. Being thus at the very point of our death, the wind and the feas raging beyond mealure, our Matter veered fome of the main flieet i and whether it was by that occafion, or by fome current, or by the wonderful power of God, as we verily think it was, the Ihip quickened her way, and (hot pad that rock, where we thought we (hould have fhored. Then between the cape and the point there was a little bay 5 fo that we were loinc* what farther from the (bore : and, when we came fo far as the cape, we yielded to death ; yet the Father of all mercies delivered us, and we doubled the cape about the length of our (hip^ or very little more. Being (hot pad the cape, we prefenily took in our fails, which only God had preferved unto us ; and when we were (hot in between the high lands, the wind blowing trade, without an inch of fail, we fpooned be- fore the fea, three men being not able to guide the helm, and in fix hours we were put twenty- VoL. I. L 1 five 258 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. five leagues within the (Iraits, where we found a fea anfwerable to the ocean. In this time we freed our (hip from water, and after we had refted a little, our men were not able to move •, their fmews were ftifF, and their fledidead, and many of them (which is mod la- mentable to be reported) were fo eaten with lice, as that in their fle(h did lie clufters of them, as big as peafe, yea and fome as big as beans. Being in this mifery, we were conilrained to put into a cove, for the refrefhing of our men. Our Mailer knowing the fhore, and every cove very perfectly, put in with the (hore, and moored to the trees, as before time we had done, laying our anchor to the fea-ward. Here we continued until the 20th of Odlober ; but not being able any longer to ilay, through extremity of famine, the 2 1 ft we put off into the channel, the weather being reafonably calm : but before night it blew moft extremely at weft-north- weft. The ftorm growing outra- geous, our men could fearcely ftand by their la- bour ; and, the ftraits being full of turning reaches, we were conftrained by the difcretion of the Captain and Mafter in their accounts, to guide the (hip in the hell-dark night, when we could not fee any (hore, the channel being in fome places fcarce three miles broad. But our Captain, as we firft palTed through the ftraits, drew fuch an exquifite plan of the fame, as I am alTured it cannot in any fort be bettered : which phn he and the Mafter fo often perufed, and fo carefully regarded, as that in memory they had every f Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. 259 cveryturnandcreek,andinthe deep dark night, without any doubting, they conveyed the (hip through that crooked channel -, fo that I con- clude, the world hath not any fo ikilful pilots for that place, as they are ; for otherwife we could never have pafled in fuch fort as we did. The 25th, we came to an idand in the (Iraits, named Penguin Ifle, whither we fent our boat to feek relief, for there w< --great abundance of birds, and the wea ' ,'r v very calm j I > w ; came to an anchor by the illand in feven fa- thoms. While our boat was on Ihore, and wc had great (lore of penguins, there arofe a fud- den (torm, fo that our (hip did drive over a breach, and our boat funk at the (hore. Cap- tain Cotton and the Lieutenant, being on (hore, leapt into the boat and freed the fame, and threw away all the birds, and with great difficulty re- covered the (hip : myfelf alfo was in the boat at the fame time, where for my life 1 laboured to the be(t of my power. The (hip, all this while driving upon the lee-(hore, when we came on board we helped to fet fail, and weighed the anchor ; for before our coming they could fcarce hoift up their yards, yet with much ado they fet their fore-courfe. Thus in a mighty fret of weather, the 27th day of 06tober we were free of the (traits, and the 30th of OcSlober we came to Penguin Ifle, being three leagues from Port De(ire, the place where we purpofed to feek for our relief. When we were come to this ifle we fent our boat on (hore, which returned laden with birds L 1 2 and )il;V '■mm:. a6o Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. ■?W ,; I M m^ '-^ » .<';* J^i'1'i '■•JUi' lir !l i ■I''!' and eggs •, and our men faid the penguins were fo thick upon the ide, that fhips might be laden with them ; for they could not go without trampling upon the birds, whereat we greatly rejoiced. Then the captain appointed Charles Parker and Edward Smith, with twenty others, to go on Ihore, and to ftay upon the ifle, for the killing and drying of thefe penguins, and promifed, after the fhip was in harbour, to fend the reft, not only for expedition, but alfo to fave the fmall ttore of viftuals in the fhip. But Parker, Smith, and the reft of their faftion, fufpected that this was a device of the captain*s to leave his men on fhore, that, by thefe means, there might be viduals for the reft to recover their country : and when they remembered that this was the place where they would have flain their captain and mafter, fureiy (thought they) for revenge hereof will they leave us on Ihore. Which, when our captain underftood, he called God to witnefs, that revenge was no part of his thoughts -, they gave him thanks, defiring to go into the harbour with the fhip, which he granted. So there were only ten left upon the ifle, and the laft of Odobcr we entered the har- bour. Our mafter, at our laft being here, hav- ing taken careful notice of every creek in the river, in a very convenient place, upon fandy oaze, ran the fhip a-ground, laying our anchor to feaward, and with our running ropes moored her to ftakes upon the fhore, which he had fattened for that purpofe ; where the fhip re- pained till our departure. The f cc ur, our captain and mafter went with the boat to difcover how far this river did run, that if need (hould enforce us to leave our (hip, we might know how far we might go by water : fo ihey found, that, farther than twenty miles, they could not go with the boat. At their re- turn they fent the boat to the i(le of penguins : vrbereby we underftood that the penguins dried to our hearts content, and that the multitude of them was infinite. All the time that we were in this place, we fared pading well with eggs^ penguins, young (eals, young gulls, and other birds, fuch as I know not, of all which we had abundance. In this place we found an herb called Scurvy-grafs, which we fried with eggs, iifing train-oil inftead of butter. This herb did fo purge the blood, that it took away all kinds of fwelliogs, of which many had died, and re- ftored us to perfeA health of body ; fo that we were in as good cafe as when we came firft out of t f we out of Captain CAVENDISWs VOYAGF5. a^J of England. We ftaid in this harbour until the 2 2d of December, in which time we had dried 20,000 penguins*, and the captain, the mailer, and myfelf, had made fome fait, by lay* ing lalt-water upon the rocks in holes, which, in fix days would be kerned. Thus God did feed us, even as it were with manna from heaven. The 2 2d of December, we departed with our fhipfor the i(le, where, with great difHculty, by the fkilful induilry of our mailer, we got 14,000 of our birds, and had almoil loil our captain in labouring to bring the birds on board : and, had not our mailer been very ex* pert in the fet of thofe tides, which run after ma- ny faihions, we had alfo loil our ihip in the lama place. The 22d at night we departed with 14,000 dried penguins, not being able to fetch the reil, and ihaped our courfe for Brazil. Now, our captain rated our vi<5tuals, and brought us to fuch allowance, as that our vi6luals might lail (ix months ', for our hope was, that within fix months we might recover our country, though our fails were very bad. So oUr^llov;- ance was two ounces and an half of meal for a man a*day, and to have (o twice a-week ; fo that five ounces did ferve for a week. Three days a week we had oil, three fpoonfuls for a man a-day ; and two days in a week peafe, a pint among four men a-day, and every day five penguins for four men, and fix quarts of wa- ter for four men a-day. This was our allow. ance; i A •'4 . *., I1f« 3 f ''I 'fiMlV.1 * ' V V m i%'- ■•§ - 1... t:»i^ a64 Captaim CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. ancci wherewith we lived, though weakly, and very feeble. The 30th of January, we arrived at theifle of Placentia in Brazil, the firft place that, outward bound, we were at: and having made the (hoal, our fhip lying off at fea, the captain, with twenty-four of the company, went with the boat on fhore, being a whole night before they could recover it. The laft of January, at fun- riling, they fuddenly landed, hoping to take the Portuguefe in their houfes, and by that means to recover fome Cafavi meal, or other victuals for our relief; but when they looked for the houfes, they were all razed and burnt to the ground, fo that we thought no man had remain- ed on the ifland. Then the captain went to the gardens, and brought from thence fruits and roots for the company, and came on board the fhip, and brought her into a fine creek which we had found out, where we might moor her by the trees, and where there was water, and hoops to trim our cafks. Our cafe being very defperate, we prefently laboured for difpatch away i fome cut hoops, which the coopers made, others la- boured upon the fails and (hip, every man tra- vailing for his life ; and dill a guard was kept on Ihore to defend thofe that laboured, ev^ry man having likewife his weapon by him. The 3d of February, our men, with twenty-three (hot, went again to the gardens, being three miles from us upon the north fhore, and fetched Cafavi-roots out of the ground, to relieve our company, inftead of bread} for we fpent not of our la- Captain CAVENDlSirs VOYAGES. 265 our meal while we (laid here. The 5th of Fe- bruary, being Monday, our captain and matter haftened the company to their labour •, fo fome went with the coopers to gather hoops, and the reft laboured on board. This night many of our men in the fliip dreamed of murder and flaugh- ter : in the morning they reported their dreams : one faying to another, ** I'his night I dreamed *' that thou wert flain." Another anfwcred, •* And I dreamed that thou wert flain.** And this was general through the (hip. TheCapv^.i.i hearing this, who likewife had dreamed very ftrangely himfclf, gave very ftrift charge, that thofc who went on (bore fhould take weapons with them, and faw them himfelf delivered into the boat, and fent fome on purpofe to guard Che labourers. All the forenoon they laboured in quietnefs, and when it was ten o'clock, the heat being extreme, they came to a rock near the wood's fide (for all this country is nothing but thick woods), and there they boiled Cafavi- roots, and dined. After dinner fome flept, others waihed themfelves in the fea, all being dripped to their fhirts, and no man keeping watch, no match lighted, and not a piece charged. Suddenly, as they were thus flceping and fporting, having got themfelves into a cor- ner, out of fight of the (hip, there came a mul- titude of Indians and Portuguefc upon them, and fic^v ihem fleeping : only two efcaped, one very fore hurt, the other not touched, by whom we underftood of this miferable maf- . ypL. I, Mm iacrcik ■h' I \\f I . i t ?<*. •■*.r ,. in. ¥ ■>.(-■ 1 -■■I ■:\> . -911 ir:r^'::f 266 Captain CAVENDISH»s VOYAGES. facre. With all fpeed we manned our boat, and landed to fuccour our men ; but we found them flain, and laid naked in rank one by another, with their faces upward, and a crofs fet by them : and withal we faw two very great pinnaces come from the river of Janeiro very full of men 5 who we fufpcdted came from thence to take us ; becaufe there came from Janeiro foldiers to Santos, when the General had taken the town, and was ftrong in it. Of feventy fix perfons who departed in our fhip out of England, we were now left but twenty-feven, having loft thirteen in this place, with their chi^f furniture, as mufkets, calivers, powder, and (hot. Our calks were all in decay, (b that we could not take in more water than was .in our fhip, for want of cafks, and that which we had was marvellous ill-conditioned. And being there moored by trees, for want of cables and anchors, we ftill expeded the cutting of our moorings, to be beaten from our decks with our own furniture, and to be aflfailed by them of Janeiro. What diftrefs we were now driven into, I am not able to exprefs. To depart with eight tons of water in fuch bad cafks, was to Itarve at fea, and in flaying our cafe was ruin- qus. Thefe were hard choices i but, being thus perplexed, we made choice rather to fall into the haiiJs of the Lord than into the hands of men. So, concluding to depart, the' 6th of February we were off in the channel, with our ordnance, and fmall fhot, in readinefs for any aflault that fhould come j and, having a fmall gale our hour m of riven with as to ruin-^ thus into ds of th of h our any fmall gale Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 267 gale of wind, we recovered the fea in moft deep diftrefs. Then bemoaning our eftare one to ano- ther, and recounting over all our extremities, no- thing grieved us more than the lofs of our mea twice, firft being flaughtered by the cannibals at Port Defire, and at this ifle ot Placentia by the Indians and Portuguefe. And confidering what they were who were loft, we found that all thofe whoconfpired the murdering of our Captain and Mafter were now (lain by lavages, the gunner Only excepted. Being thus at fea, when we Came to Cape Frio the wind was contrary i fd that three weeks we were grievouQy vexed with crofs winds; and, our water confuming, our hope of life was very fmall. Some defired to go to Baya, and to fubmit themfelves to the Portuguefe, rather than to die for thirft : but the Captain, with fair perfuafions altered their purpofe of yielding to the Portugufe. In this diftrefs it pleafed God to fend us rain in fuch plenty, as that we were well watered, and in good comfort to return. But after we came near unto the fun, our dried penguins began to corrupt, and there bred in them a moft loath- fome and ugly worm, of an inch long. This worm did fo mightily increafe, and '^evour our viftualsi that there was in reafon no hope how we ihould avoid famine, but he devoured of thefc wicked creatures ; there was nothing that they did not devour, iron only excepted ; our doaths, hats, boots, (hoes, fliirts, and ftockings : and for the (hip, they did foeat the timbers, as that we M n| 2 greatly ^1 h'lfi'i- i ••:li: 268 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. greatly feared they would undo us, by gnawing through the Ihip*s fide. Great was the care of our Captain, Matter, and company, to confume thefe vermin, but the more we laboured to kill them, the more they increafed ; fo that at the laft we could not fleep for them, but they would cat our flefh, and bite like mufquetos. In this woeful cafe, after we had pafled the Equinodial Line towards the north, our men began to fall fick of fuch a monftrous difeafe, as I think the like was never heard of : for in their ancles it began to fwell; from thence in two days it would be in their breafts, fo that they could not draw their breath ; and then fell into their lower parts, and there did fwell moft grievouQy, and moft dreadful to behold, fo that they could nei- ther (land, lie, nor go ; whereupon our men grew big with grief. Our Captain, with ex- treme anguifli of his foul, was in fuch woeful diftrefs, that he defired only a fpeedy end 5 for divers grew raging mad, and fome died in moft loathfome and furious pain. It were incredible? to write our mifery as it was. There was no man in perfect health, but the Captain and one boy ; the M after being a man of good fpirit, with extreme labour, bore out his grief, fo that it grew not upon him. To be (hort, all our men died, except fixteen, of which there were but five able to niove. The Captain was in good health, the Matter indiflierent. Captain Cotton and myfelf fwolen and Ihort- winded, yet better than the reft who were fick, and one boy .•r Iptain Inded, one boy Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 2^9 boy in health : upon us five only the labour of the (hip did (land : The Captain and Matter as occafion ferved, would take in and heave out the top-fails ; the Mafter only attended on the fprit- fail 5 and all of us at the capftan without fheets and tacks. In fine, our mifery and weaknefs w?5 fo great, that we could not take in or heave out -a fail : fo our top-fail and fprit-fail were torn all in pieces by the weather. The Mafter and Captain taking their turns at the helm, were mightily diftrefled, and monftroully grieved with the woeful lamentation of our fick men. Thus, as loft wanderers upon the fea, the i ith of June ^593i it pleafed God that we arrived at Bear Haven in Ireland, and there ran the (hip on fhore J where the Irifhmen helped us to take in our fails, and to moor our (hip for Boating ; which (lender pains of theirs coft our Captain ten pounds, before he could have the (hip in fafety. Thus, without viduals, fails, men, or any furniture, God only guided us into Ireland, where the Captain left the Mafter and three or four of the company to keep the (hip -, and, within five days after, he and certain others had pa(^age in an Englifti fiftier-boat to Padftow, in Cornwall. In this manner our fmall remnant, by God's mercy only, were preferved and re- Ilored to our country, to whom be all honour and glory world within end." We have already obferved, that the above re- lation is the only complete account of this voyage whi«h 'i w I *» mm Si »'. 'i 11- mn ^iM»s*- r:rm 270 Captain CAVENDISH's^ VOYAGES^ which has hitherto appeared; by which we would be underftood to mean, that it is the only com- J)lete account of the proceedings of any one of the fhips engaged in this fecond expedition of Cavendifh, from her firll fetting out till her re- turn home. There are other accounts of the diftreffes attending this voyage, but they refer to parts only, and do not contain a regular feries of events from beginning to end, as we Ihall en- deavour to fhcw, in purfuance of our plan of tracing the great out lines of the lives of our celebrated circum-navigators, from their firft en- tering upon aftion till the period of their retreat. When the impartial reader revolves in his mind the effefts of diftrefles like thofe already defcribed in the foregoing account, upon a com- pany of ungovernable failors, not under that fubordination which regular difcipline always eftablilhes to officers properly commiflioned, he will then be prepared to determine, whether Ca- vendifh complains with rcafon againft Davis, as being the death of him, and to ufe his own vordsj ** the decay of the whole adlion :" or, whether the mifcarriage did notarife partly from unavoid« able accidents, and partly from the impetuofity of his own temper, and his own mifcondudt. The misfortunes that attended the progrefs of this moft diftrefsful voyage, appear to us ta have taken their rife from the accident of being becalmed for feven-and-twenty days under the Line 5 during which time they not only confumed t t as >rds» ither roid-; lofity la. :fsof IS td [eing the imed Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 271 a confiderable proportion of their provifions, but the men became fick ; and the fcurvy, which feldom makes its approaches on this fide the E- qiiator, had already infedled near half the crews. This reduced them to the neceflity, not only of feeking land, where frefh provifions might be procured, but of wading more time with a view to the recovery of the fick, than was confiltent with the navigation of thofe boifterous feas through which they were to pafs. We have already lecn that when they were tnafters of Santos, they were in the utmoft dif- trefs for want of provifions, and yet the oppor- tunity was fufFered to pafs without obtaining any efFedtual reliefs and that this diftrcfs is not ag- ^ gravated by the writer of the above voyage, ap- pears from the teftimony of Knivet, in Purchases Pilgrams, who fays, " that here they had fuch *' diforders among themfelves, that if the Por- f' tuguefe had been of any courage, they might " have deftroyed the whole fleet -, for our men, ^' fays he, would fight for their viduals, as if *« they had been no Chriftians but Jews" (which by the way (hews the llrange notions which the multitude in thofe days entertained of the uncharitable difpofition of the Jews to one another J a charadleriftic not at all applicable to that people) j " and they that got the beft *' would get them into fome hole, or into the f' wilderneis under fome tree, and there they *^ would remain as long as they had meat." Fron^ '5!- in: I .iii >.?' ' 1 "'If $72 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. From this early beginning of diftrcfs, very little hope could be reafonably entertained of the iflfue. The feafon was advancing faft, when the feverity of the weather would render their pro- ceeding into the South Seas by the ftraits of Ma- gellan very dangerous -, and, being already in want of proviiions, they could have no means of an efFeflual fupply till they could reach the fertile countries on the oppcfite fide of thofe ftraits ; the General's prolonging his ftay there- fore on the eaftermoft coafts of Brazil till the 22d of January, was not only an imprudent but a fatal delay ; and, as it wasforefeen, proved the jidual ruin of the voyage. At the time when they fhould have paffed the flraits of Magellan, they were in confulta- tion, if net worfe employed, at Santos ; and after they fet fail they were attacked by a ftorm, of which Cavendifli himfelf fays, ^^aworfer might ** not be endured. Such was the fury of the *' weft- fouth -weft winds, as we were driven ** from the fiiore four hundred leagues, and •« conftrained to beat from 50 deg. to the fouth- «' ward into 40 degrees to the northward again, *' before we could come near the fhore ; in ** which time we had a new ftiift of f^ils cle^n " blown away, and our Ihip in danger to fink ^* in the fea three times ; which with extremity «' of men's labour we recovered." Here the rea- fon that prevented Cavendifh's arrival at Port Defire till the 18th of March, 12 days after the Defue and Roebuck, is fully explained. And ^fcer i#> igam, in Iclej^n fink ;mity le rea- Port :r the And Captaiw eAVENDlSrt's VOYAGES. 2^1 And after he had refitted his (hip and refrclhed his^ men, and was ready to fail, he goes on in the fame* letter, which is directed to Sir Trif- triam Gorges, •' And now," lays he, " we were ** aimofi! foot months beating between the coaft •* of Brkiil and the (traits, being in diftahce noc ** above 600 leagues, which is commonly run in •• twenty or thirty days j but fuch was the ad- ••"verfenefs of ourtortune, that in coming thi- •' thee we (pent the fummer, and found in the " ftraits the beginning of a moft extreme win- " ter, not durable for Chriftians." After this conceflion, compared with what the writer of Davis's Voyage has related of the fufferings of his people, let the reader deter* mine with what jufticeCavendifh arraigns Davis, when he attributes to the villainy of thatofficef his own death, and the ruin of the voyage. But to purfue the narrative of the General's proceedings from the time of his parting with the Defire and Black Pinnace in the night of the 20th of May, as already related in the preceding voyage. It appears indeed, that he continued his courfe to the coaft of Brazil accompanied by the Roebuck, which, however, was parted front him in lat. 36° S. in one of the moft grievous ftorrtis, as he himfelf confeflcs, that any Chrif- tians ever endured upon the feas to live, iti which the Roebock fprung her mafts, and was otherwife fo much damaged, as to arrive in the bay of St. Vincent in the greateft diftjefs, being little better than a mere wreck* Vol. I. N n The m t ft,-' if, II' it .i» ' If.' m iiiii 274 Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES; The General himfelf fufFcred conliderabl/* and was forced to take (hclter like wife in the fame bay, though the little town of St. Vincent they had burnt on their leaving Santos the fum- mer before. Here twenty-five of his men, get- ting drunk on (hore, were fuddenly fet upon by the Portuguefe, in revenge for their former treatment, and every man of them flaughtered. To revenge this treacfiery, as it is called, Caven- di(h determined to attack Santos, and to level it with the ground i and now, being joined by the crew of the Roebuck, he landed above the town, but was moft (hamefuUy repulfed, after having plundered a few farm-houfes, and, as it (hould fcem the cuftom was, fet them on fire. Here being difappointed of his revenge, he departed with a view to attack a fmall inhabited ifland about twenty leagues to the weftward i from whence, when he had provided himfelf with fuch necefiaries as the ifland could afford^ he intended, according to his promife, and agree- able to the expedations of Davis, to have re- turned to the ft raits of Magellan, and to have proceeded to the South Seas, in profecution of his firft defign. But there feemed a fatality at- tending every meafure he devifed. He was diverted from the profecution of this enterprize by the perfuafions of a Portuguefe pilot on board, who advifed the attack of Spi- rito Santo, as the only place that could fupply his wants, and enable him to refit his (hips. la this undertaking he loft fourfcore of his men killed. t f s; bly. the cent fum- get- nby rmet ered, iven- :vcl it )y the town, aving hould 5^' he abited ;ward v iiimfelf afford, agrec- tkve re- have tion of Ity at- of this uguefc )f Spi- fiipply ps. In. is mea killed. Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES. 275 killed, and forty wounded. And now, having no alternative, but either to return home, or to burn one of his (hips for want of hands, and proceed with the other to the ftraits ; the crew of the Roebuck, fearing, as they well mighr, that theirs was the ihip dedined for the Barnes, watched their opportunity when their Captain was fick on board the General, to make their efcape in the night, taking with them both the furgeons, and, as Cavendifh fays, double the proportion of provifions for their number of men, *' having with them at their departure but fix *« and forty men, and carrying away with them •' the proportion for fix months vidual of 120 *• men at large." Yet it is not eafy to reconcile the truth of this aflertion with the diftrefles for want of provifions, which are all along complain- ed of from their firft arrival on the coaft of Bra- zil in the fummer to the prcfent time. In the flraits of Magellan, it is afierted, that, to fave their victuals, they were forced in a great mea- fure to live upon fea- weeds, mufcles, periwin- cles, and the fruits of the country ; for, fays Knivet, the allowance from the (hip was but little. — But to proceed : Cavendifh, finding himfelf thus forfaken, every where difappointed, betrayed, as he com- plains, and diflirefTed to the laft extremity, his (hip full of fick and wounded, and himfelf with a wounded fpirit, direfted his courfe to the ifland of St. Sebaftian, 200 leagues to the weflw^rd of gpirito S^nto, where he arrived when he had N n 2 but I I i^: ; ■' i -4f :■: '•'it! ' '■'■ : I ■;,« ,".. ^ -,.1 * If ^76 Captain CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES. but juft one ca(k of water left. Here he fet 2a of his fick men alhore ; and, having refitcecl his fhip, and rcfreflied his people, he wanted very much to have failed back to the ftraits : *' But, •' fays his biographer, his mutinous crew obliged *• him to fail for England i" and he died before his return. In his letter to Sir Triftriam Gorges, which appears to have been written a little before his death, he difcovers the utmoft perturbation of mind. ** And now, fays he, what with grief ^* for the lot's of my moft dear coufin [John ♦* Lock], and the continual trouble I endured ** among fuch hell-hounds [his fhip's crew], wifhing myfelf upon any dcfart place in the world, there to die, rather than thus bafely to return home again *, which courfe I had put in execution, had I found an ifland which the •' charts make to be in eight degrees to the ** fouthward of the Line. I fwear to you | <* fought it with all diligence, meaning (if I had *• found it) there to have ended my unfortUr *' nate life. But God iuffercd not fuch happi- *• nefs to light upon me ; for I could by no ** means find it 5 fo was forced to come towards cc (( (( <( ♦« England." The bitternefs which he exprefles againft his crew might, and did, probably , arife from theur determined refolution not to expofe themfelvcs to the like hardfliips they had already under? ^one, and in which the major part of theii; companions were fuffered toperifh without pity^ >^4 ift hts their ifelvcs ndcr-r their tpity, Caftaw CAVENDISH'S VOYAGES, tyf ind to languilh without relief: for, rf we may be- lieve Jane, the fick men on board thcGeneral were moft uncharitably put on (hore into the wood* in the (traits of Magellan ; where, according to Cavendilh's own account, "there was nothing but iiich flights of fnow, and extremities of frofts, as in his life he had never beheld or felt the like. The men, adds he, were well in the morning, $nd by night frozen to death." In this mife- rable manner, in feven or eight days, 40 of his crew adually pcrifhed, and 70 more (ickened. Of the Ihips that failed in this expedition, confiiting of five fail, we can trace only three that returned to England, namely, the Galleon, ptherwife named the Leicefter, of which the General was Commander ^ the Daipty, com- manded by Captain Cotton, who went a volun- teer, and whofe Ihip, having parted company on her firft arrival on the coaft of Brazil, inltead of purfuing her voyage to the bouth beas, re- turned back to England with very little da- piage. The Roebuck, in which failed from Ply- mouth 170 brave feamen, after ftealing away from the General in the night, as already re- lated, was never more heard of; the Black Pin- nace foundered in a violent dorm in the South Sea, and in her about 70 men. Of the crews of the Defire, only 26 out of 150 lived to fee their native country j and, of the General's (hip, though the number that perifhed cannot be exadtly afcertained, yet there could not more than 59 at moft furvive their General. Now, • • HI! m m iyS Captain CAVENDISH's VOYAGES: NoWy if the gallant afbions and glorious ex- ploits that entitle men to fame and immortality, involve in their atchievement fo many of their fellow-creatures in mifery, let the benevolent and humane unite with us in depreciating fuch murderous practices ^ and, inftead of holding forth a Drake, or a Cavendifh, as examples wor- thy of imitation, let us hold in deteftation all thofe falfe worthies, whofe actions have their rife in " a ravenous appetite for robbery, and in an infatiable deiire of acquiring wealth without Induftry, and grcatnefs without virtue,*' ■^vm: 11 t'lfii il t THE 3 THE • « % VOYAGES O F Capt. WILLIAM DAMPIER, AMONG the Navigators who firft fur- rounded the globe. Captain William Dampier, confidered as a Mariner and Natura- lill> will ever be held in the foremoft rank. From his Voyages the world received the earlieft and beft information of remote coun- tries, and their genuine produfbions^ and it is on his plan that future navigators have thought fit to proceed in giving an account of new difcoveries. His hiitory will alFord a notable inllance of the power of genius and ap- plication unaflifted by learning, when the mind is wholly bent upon the purfuit and improve* ment of one art. He was the fon of parents who lived in the parilh of Had: Coker, in SomerfetOiire, repu- table, but not rich. While they lived they gave him an education very ill fuited to a fea-faring life; but they both dying when he was yet young, thofe to whofe care he was entrufted re- moved him from the grammar-fchool and put him to an Englilh fchool to learn wriruig and accompts. Here he did not remain long Dttore an u iH !i B I I M \: '' ' I'.t. k:i* 2g6 Captain DAMPIeK's VOYAGES. an opportunity offered of placing him with th^ mafter of a (hip at Weymouth, agreeable to the inclinations which he had very early difcovered of going to Tea -, a Icffoc to parents and guar- dians to confult the genius of children, if they would with them to rife to eminence in the pro- feflion to which they are bred. With this marter he made a Ihort voyage to France, and was highly gratified : but, his next V5>y£gc being to Newfoundland, where he was employed a whole fummer in the fiihery, the ri- g<3ur of the climate and the nature of the fer- vice fo cooled his ardour for fea-adventurcs, that he determined to relinq«ilh the employment, anws of )0ure4 Dne at ufand fifh: main- le and "orme^r two a-day, cether. The Captain DAMPIER»s VOYAGES. 285 The manatee is known alfo by the name of the fea-cow, and is flruck with a harpoon, fo con« trived by the Mofl^ito-mcn as to be thrown with a long Hick ; but they are very cautious of difcovering their art even to the Englifli— the Spaniards they hate mortally. The turtle they ftrike with a different inllrument, of which our author has given a cut. About this time the aera of buccaneering com- mences. The buccaneers were a fet of low men, who, in humble imitation of their betters, firft began with fitting out fmall vefTels in fome of the iQands in the Weit Indies, and then cruifmg in them till they were able to make themfelves mailers of better Ihips. This being accomplifhed, they went in formidable compa- nies as occafion offered, and declared open war againft all the Spanifh fettlements. Thefe free- booters had generally two or three Mofkito-men on board each of their veflels, whom they found ferviceable in many other refpedls belides fupplying them with fifh. By their fituation ihey had opportunities of being well acquainted with the ftrength and riches of the Spanilh fet- tlements, and by their inclination they were their avowed enemies. They therefore ferved the buccaneers for guides, and at the fame time ftlfifted in their melt hazardous attacks. This being premifi;d, let us now return to Pampierj who, as has juft been faid, had a- greed to make a voyage with Captain Hobby ; ^nd having fet fail from Port Royal, either by accident 1,1; < 'A ■I''.' I'h m 1 W fifimm fV; r- >■ ' ."' ' If..'?' .< 'iii ■' , . '^ 2S6 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. accident or defign, they fell in with Coxen, Sawkings, Sharp, and other buccaneers, who were riding at anchor on the weft fide of the ifland of Jamaica, and were then meditating an cnterprize over the ifthmus of Darien, in order to fall fuddenly upon the Spaniards in the South Seas. This expedition, it was given out, would enrich the undertakers ; and as all who engaged in it, according to the law of buccaneers, were to be proportionable (harers, all Captain Hob- by's men deferted him to join the buccaneers* Dampieronly excepted, who, after three or four days confideration, was cafily perfuaded to make Oiie nmong the reft. Shortly afier Chriftmas, 1680, they all fet fail, snd fteering to Porto Bello, on the 5th of April, ihty landed near Golden Jfland, to the num- ber of between three and four hundred men, and began their march guided by chiefs of the Muikito Indians, and headed by Captain Saw- kings, who, by general confent, was chofen their leader. After a fatiguing journey of nine days, in which many of them fufFered great hardfliips, they arrived at Santa Martha, a Spanifti fettle- ment on a river of that name that empties it- lelf into the Southern ocean ; which after fome oppofition they took. They were made to be- lieve^ before they apprt achcJ it, that it was a place of confiderable ftrength, abounding in riches, and inhabited by merchants of confider- able property 5 but upon entering it, they were greatly Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 287 greatly difappointed, and therefore, as might be €xpc£ted from fuch a lawlefs crew, they were as ready to fall upon thofe who had projefted the enterprize, as upon thofe whom they accounted the enemy. They now, much difcontented with one ano- ther, parted company. One party, continuing their march to the Southern ocean, and there em- barking, fome in canoes, fome in periagos, and fomeinfmall barki which they found in the ri- ver, continued their courfe to the bay of Pana- ma, and in their w.\y attempted the little town of Puebla Novo, before which their commander in chief Captain Sawkings was killed, and his followers defeated. In what manner this undif- plined crew procured (hips, guns, and ammuni- tion, we are not told ; yet (hips, guns, and am- munition to purfue their ravages they did pro- cure, as appears by the fequel. Captain Coxen, with his company, forefeeing many difficulties in this Southern project, after the taking of Santa Martha, returned to the North Seas, where he continued his piracies with various fuccefs. Dampier, however, followed the views of thofe v/ho perfevered in their firft refolution of profecuting their fortune in the South Seas ; and he continued to accompany them during the year 1680 j but, after the death of Saw- kings, Captain Sharpe being chofen comman- der in chief in his room, Dampier with many of his companions, fulpeding both the courage and t'.'i-V '"ill ■Wm # m-^ ;■•: .r ■.' . w i :.! 'l t I'i'lt Fir aB8 Captain DAMPIER^s VOYAGE! and honefty of their new leader, entered into a confederacy to difplace him, and to choofe Capt. Watling in his room, which they foon found means to accomplilh by general confent. Un- der Captain Sharpe, the only enterprize of con- fequence was the taking of Ylo, a fmall ifland on the Peruvian coaft, from whence they failed to juan Fernandez, where, as has been faid, Cap- tain Sharpe was difplaced. it happened, however, that Captain Watling, foon after his advancement, having planned an attack upon Arica, fell a vidtim to his own pro- jedl i for he was killed in the firft onfet, and his party defeated. The confederates, after this misfortune, remaining fome time without a leader, fell again into party divifions •, one party declaring themfelvcs in favoar of their former Commander, the other oppofing his re-ele»5tion. To put an end to thefe diffentions, it was at laft agreed to part companies, and to cad lots which company {hould keep poflcffion of the (hip. It happened that the party in oppofuion to Dam- pier proved the fortunate party ; fo that Dam- pier and his companions were reduced to the ne- ceffity of returning either to the N. Sea over the fame ifthmus by which they came into the South, or fubmitting themfelves to the mercy of the Spaniards. Nor does it appear that any of them carried more ricHes back than they brought with them, hotwithftanding the vaft promifes with which they had been flattered at their firft fet- ting out : for it has been generally obferved, thas Captain DAMPIER*s VOYAGES. 289 that the confederacies of the wicked are defeat- ed by their own dec jit j and that they them- felves are, for the moft part, the inftruments of their own misfortunes. The company with which Dampier chofe to aflbciate, confifted of 44 men who bore arms, a Spanilh Indian who bore arms alfo, two Mjf- kito Indians, already defcribcd, with five flaves taken in the South Seas, whom they kept to carry their luggage. The veflfels they had to carry this company were, the long-boat belong- ing to the fliip, and two canoes, one of which had been fawn afunder, and joined again ; and thefc were furnifhed for their defence with two patararoes, the companies fmall arms, and a very fcanty proportion of provifions and ammu- nition : and, thus equipped, they had to fail more than 200 leagues before they reached the river of Santa Martha, from whence they were to fet out on their march by land for the North Sea. Such an enterprize, one would imagine, could hardly have been undertaken with any hope of rucceedii,[}, by realonable men. On April the i/tli, 1681, they parted with Captain Sharpe, 12 leagues to the north- weft of the iQand of Plate-, and, on May the ill, they landed, after many ftrange adventures, in the bay of Panama, in order to purfue their journey. Here they found the river Santa Martha* of which they meant to avail themfelves, blocked up by a (hip of confiderable force, that had been ftationed there for more than fix months to in- VoL. I. }^ p tercept ';' '(]] it ■'lis ir(B''''i ill Ibark- ineer, day^ C!aptain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 291 after they arrived, joined eight fail of bucca- neers more, who were planning another expedi- tion over-land to Panama : but, when they were told of the ill fucccfs of the firft, the fatigues they muft undergo, the rifles they muft run, and at length the uncertainty of the event, they una- nimouOy concurred in relinquifliing that dcfign, and held a ccifultation what other enterprize was fit for fuch a formidable body of them to undertake. At length, they concluded to attack a Spanilh town up Carpenter's ri and for that |)urpofe fct fail one after anothe , order to preferve fecrefy, having previoufly appointed a place of rendezvous. When the (hip in which our navigator failed arrived at the place appoint- ed, they found Captain Wright there before them, who had taken a Spanilh Tartan with 30 men, well furnilhed with fmall arrtis, and four patararoes^ who with 11 armadillos had been Be- ted out to feek the buccaneers, and to fink them. This, they that came over-land, who were hear- tily tired with living among the French, thought a good opportunity to let up for themfelves j they therefore applied to Captain Wright, re- quefl:ing him to fit up the Tartan for them ; to which, after fome htfitation, he ccnfented, on condidon that they Ihould be under his com- mand as one and the fame lliip ; to which they made no objedion. The reft of the fleet not arriving at the sene- ral rendezvous, accoi iiag to agreement, it was ibon difcovered, that the Spanifli armadillos [or P p 2 fmall 11 iii ^ ^%-. ^^'>>l 4^ ^j^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 "» m 12.2 ii 12.0 IJ& V^llA iJ4 ^ 6" - » I^tographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTiR.N.Y. 14SM (716) t72-4S03 '^ 11 1 J ;, M:i h li I 292 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. . fmall men of war] had fallen in with and d'lC* perfed ihem. Every one, therefore, was at li- berty to purfue his own enterprize ; and Cap- tain Wright with his new alTociates chofe the coaft of Carthagena to try their fortune. Here they were joined by Captain Yankey 5 and, fall- ing in with a (lout (hip, they fought and took her. She proved to be a prize of 14 guns and 40 men, laden with fugar and tobacco, and had eight or ten tons of marmalet on board. The Captains differed about the right to the (hip. Yankey, however, took pofleflion by vote of the crews 5 and Captain Wright took Yankey's (hip, which was better than his own. The cargo, after a great deal of difficulty, they difpofed of at a Dutch fettlement for lefs than one-fourth of its value. However, the goods being now converted into ready money, the produce was (hared, and the Captains parted. Captain Wright ftood for the Caracca coaft, with his men drunk, and quarrel* ling every day ; and Captain Yankey purfued a quite different courfe. On the coalt of the Ca- raccas. Captain Wright took three barks, one la- den with hides, one with European commodities, and a third with earthen- wares and brandy. With thele barks he went to the ifland Rocu 5 and, having divided the cargoes into three equal parts, he gave to every 20 men (for they were 60 in all) one part and a bark, and fo difmilT- ed them. That in which our navigator had an intereft was brought to Virginia on July 1 6, 1682, Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES, ap j| 1682, where we fliall leave both him and the Ihip, to give fome account of Captain Yankcy. On board of Yankey failed one Mr. Cook, a^ quarter- mader, the fecond in command, accord- ing to buccaneer law; and, they having taken a prize from the Spaniards, the command of the prize was claimed by Mr. Cook, on board ot which all who chofe to fail under the new Cap* tain had liberty fo to do : among others there were fcveral who came over-land with him from the South Seas (for he too had left Captain Sharpe, and had followed the example of Dam- pier). All thefe chofe to follow the fortune of their old acquaintance : but the Frenchmen grudging the Englilh the pofleffion of fo fine a vefTel, together with their (hare of the goods on board her, combined together ; and, after plun- dering them of ihip, goods, arms, and money, turned them all a-drift on the ifland of Vacca. In this deftitute conaition. Captain Triftrian^ of whom mention has already been made, (hewed fome companion, by taking on board about eighe or nine of them, among whom were Capt. Cook and Captain Davis, formerly mafters of bucca- neers, who, being carried into Petit Guavres, found means, when the French crews were ca- roufing on (hore, to make themfelves mafters of their benefafiior's fhip, to flip her cable, and to fteer with all the fail they could fpread to Vacca to the relief of their ftarving countrymen, who, overjoyed to be releafed, inftantly came on board; and, foon after they fee fail, had the good iw' *" ' 4 i W \\ 194 Captain t)AMPIER's VOYAGES. good fortune to make prize of a (hip laden with wine, which was newly come from France. They afterwards fell in with a (hip of good force, of which they likewife made prize ; and in her they came to the refolution of failing into the South Seas, and ranging the coalls of Chili .^nd Peru^ But, firft, it was neceflary for them to fail to Virginia to difpofe of their fpare (hips and car- goes, and to fit their capital prize for war. This they did by mounting her with 28 guns, and furniOiing her with ilores, provilions, and other necelTaries for the profecution of fo long a voyage. When thcfe (hips arrived at Virginia, Dampier, and all thofe who came over-land with him, happened to be there *, and, being made acquainted with Captain Cook's intention, they very readily agreed to join in his adventure. And now, having followed Dampier through all the bufy fcenes of aftion in which he was en- gaged, till his 30th year, we come at length to that period, at which the more notable adven- tures of his life commence. On the 1 8th of Augull, 1683, he fet fail front Achamack river, in Virginia, in the prize under the command of Captain Cook ; and, on the 23d, they met with a violent tempeft, which: iafted without intermifllon till the 28th, during which time they ftiipt fome of the heavieft feas' that ever fliip endured. But as foon as the dorm abated, they had fine weather, and a brifk galey till they arrived at the iQands of Cape Verd,- where they ilaid to careen their fliip, to refreih them- iring feas' torm Igaley ifrefis Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 295 thcmfelves, and to take in frelh water. This they did at the little idand of Sal : but, being told that the iQand of Mayo abounded molt with cattle, they kft Sal, and went to Mayo to pur- chafe provifions. Here they niet with a cold reception •, the inhabitants abfolutely refufing to have any tralfic with them, or to fufFer them to land : the reafon was, that about a week before, an Englilh (hip pretending triencilhip had caft anchor, and by a (hew of kindnefs had invited the Governor with his train on board ; but, as foon as they had them in their power, they cauf- ed them to write for cattle and other provifions, by way of ranfom, to regain their liberty ; and, what was (till more bafe, after they were furnish- ed with what they required, they carried off their prifoners, who had not then been heard of. Dam- pier afterwards learnt, that the Englishman who was guilty of this treachery was Captain Bond, who afterwards furrendering himfelf to the Spa* niards, entered into their fervice, and taught them to fit out fire (hips, of which they were before to- tally ignorant in the South Seas. From Mayo they failed to Sherboro,onthe coaft of Africa, where they (laid a few days, and purchafed rice, palm-wines, fugar, honey, and fowls, and then made fail for the (Iraits of Ma- gellan. On the 6th of February, 1684, they came in light of the (Iraits mouth i but the wind being contrary, they continued their courfe to the fouth, and doubled Cape Horn. In latitude S'/f Ijrhjen they thought themfely^s clear of the cape, they ';J >U'> i i j"'-!**'* '^ (I t, II ¥iWi \\ 296 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. they encountered a ftorm on the X4th of Fe- bruary, which laded without abatement till the 3d of March, during which time the rain pour- ed down immoderately for many days; by which, however, they were plentifully fupplied with frefh water. "When the ftorm abated, the wind changed to the fouth, and proved very favourable ; for at this time they found themfelves in lat. 60 deg. S* But, the gale continuing brifk, by the 1 7th of March they had run to the height of Bald i via, in 48 deg. S. On the 19th, in the morning, they faw a (hip to the fouthward coming after them with all the fail Ihe could croud. Suppof- ing her to be a Spanilh (hip from Baldivia and Lima, they lay by for her ; but, on her nearer approach, they faw (he was an Englifh fhip ; and, upon hailing her, was told that her Cap- tain's name was Eaton, that ihe came from London, and was bound for a cruife in the South Seas. ■ ' Rogues are always good friends till they come to fhare their booty ; fo thcfe free-booters agreed to fail together ; and accordingly kept company to the ifland of Juan Fernandez, where they both prepared to ref relh and refit. March 22, 1684, they anchored in the fouth bay, in 25 fathoms water, not a cable's length from the (hore ; and as foon as Captain Cook's ihip was moored, Dampier was eager to go afhore to look for a Mojkito-man^ whom they had left in thisiOand} when they were driven from it in. the year Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 297 year 168I9 by three Spanilhmen of war.Dam- , pier being at that time in the (hip commanded by Captain Watling, juft after Captain Sharpe was difplaced. This man, when Captain Wat- ling drew ofF his crew, happened to be in the woods hunting for goats ; and the (hip was un- der fail before he came back. Dampier was curious to know whether this Mofkito-man was yet alive ; and, if he was, how it had fared with him ; and it feemed that the Indian was no lefs anxious to enquire after his friends, when he faw that the (hips that were approaching were En a-* li(h (hips. Tkii poor fellow had obferved them the day before, when (irft they came in fight, and, judging about what time they would come to an anchor, he had killed three goats, and ga- thered greens, ready to drefs as foon as the com- pany (hould be at liberty to come on (hore. He was already upon the beach before the (hips could be well fecured, and was (irft feen by one of his countrymen who happened to be on boards and it was no fmall pleafure to mark the excef- five joy of thefe two Indians at their meeting. The Mo(kito*man belonging to the (hip was named Robin: he on the ifland fFilL Robin was the firft who leapt on (hore ; and, running to Will, threw himfelf flat oh his face at his feet, who, helping him up, and embracing him^ fell flat in like manner with his face at Robin's feet, and was by him taken up and embraced as before. The furprize, the tendernefs, the folemnity of the interview, which was cxceed- ^VoL. L Q q . ing^X ;«.!iii» if I 298 Captain PAMPIER's VOYAGES. ingly affeftionace on both (ides, was admired even by the crews of buccaneers, who were fpeftators from the (hips of what paffed on fhore. When Dampier, who was his old friend, came up, Will was no lefs tranfported with joy to fee him than to meet his countryman, but he cxprefled it in quite another manner : other friends too he met with among the crew who knew him, and they were all over- joyed at meeting fo unexpectedly ( for thefe men are very much beloved on board the Ihips wherever they fail, for their readinefs to aflift in whatever fervice they are put upon. "When the ceremonies of congratulation were over, and they had time to make enquiries, he told them, that he was feveral times fought after by the Spaniards, who knew that he was left upon the idand ; becaufe when the ihip fet fail he was in fight of the ihore, and was feen by them before he could fecrete himfelf : but as he was continually upon the watch, and had difco- vered a fafe retreat, they never had been able to find him. He had with him, he faid, bis gun and his knife, a fmall horn of powder* and a few (hot. Thefe being foon fpent, he contrived a way, by notching his knife, to faw the barrel of his gun in fraall pieces, with which he made harpoons, lance-heads, hooks, and a long knife*, heating the pieces Brfl: in the fire, which he lighted after the Englilh manner, by ftriking his gun-flint againft the back of his knife. The iron when it was hot he hammered with ftones, and formed it into the various ihapes he had occafion to apply it. By continued la- bour f f en Drs ken m han tin met they , dlyj card inefs ipon. were s, he : after IS left iet fail en by t as he difco- able d, his awdcr, nt, he tofavr which and a le fire, ner, by of his mered (hapcs ued la- bour Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 299 bour and perfeverance, he had worked himfelf fuch a complete fet of indruments, for killing and catching his provifions by land and water, as furprized the people when they were brought out for their infpeAion. But, fays Dampier, it is no more than thefe Mofkito-men are accu domed to do in their own country, where they make their own fifhing and ftriking inftruments, without either forge or anvil : and other Indians are dill more ingenious; for they make hatchets of a very hard done, with which they cut down trees, make canoes, and frame their houfes. Poor Will had built himfelf a little houfe about a mile and a half from the (hore, which he had made warm and convenient, by lining it with goat-fkins. He had likewife raifed himfelf a couch about two feet above the ground, which he had alfo made foft with the fur of the animals he caught, and with the down of the young birds (for he could catch no other) which he occafionally met with and pluckt. Cloaths he had none i for he had worn them to rags among the budies and brambles through which he was often obliged to purfue his prey. He had been on the ifland about three years ; and in all that time had never converfed with any human being. He had feen Spaniards ; but he always took care, after the fird, that none ot them fliould ever fee him. At this iQand thefe free hooters daid fixteen days i and, on the 8th of April, the two ftiips i'et faH together, ^nd purfued their courfe north- Q q 2 wards i I t t\ I i 1 Soo Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. wards towards the Line, at the diftance of i^ or 14 leagues from the (hore, for fear of being feen. The land from 24 deg. to 10 deg. S. is of a mod prodigious height, with ridges of fuch lofty mountains from one end of Peru and Chili to the other, that their fummits feem to rife above the clouds •, and from the fea they appear for ever blue. Dampier attributes to thp excef- five height of thefe mountains, the want of great rivers in all this tra£b; and fays, there feldom falls any rain from 30 deg. to 4 deg. S. He ad()s, that the limits of the Pacific Ocean ought to be confined within that fpace extended wedward indefinitely *, for, in all this tradt of water, fays he, there are no dark rainy clouds, nor any winds, but trade winds, no tempefls, no tornadoes, or hurricanes, though north of the Line, they are met with in this Ocean as well as the Atlantic. There is, however, often a thick horizon, fo as to hinder an obfervation of the fun with the quadrant; and, fometimes, hazy morn- ings, and thick mifts, but not fuch as will wet one. Thie rivers in all this tradt, he fays, run fmall ; fometimes they run at one feafon of the year, and ^t otliprs are quite ^ry. Thefe obfer- vations, if jull, ^re fruly wonderful. They coafted along the Pacific Ocean from Juan Fernandez to Ut, 9 deg. 40 min. S. without meeting with any thing worthy of note; )3ut, on the 3d of May, they ^1) in with a (hip jadcn with tinibcr, which they inftantly took ^ifhput refinance. From this fhip they learnt, that t f ling S. is fuch :hili rife ipear xcef- it of there •g- s. )cean snded aft of louds, fts, no of the vvell as I thick he fpn morn- ill wet s, run of the obfer- from lin. S. ^f note; a (hip |y took learnt, that Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 301 ifhat the Spaniards were apprized of their being upon their coafts, and that the Viceroy had fent cxprefles to all the Tea- ports to put the inhabi- tants upon their guard againft any fudden attack. On this intelligence they immediately altered their courfe, and (leered for Lobos de la Mer, in lat. 6 deg. 24 min. S. Here they cleared their (hips bottoms ; and (Iriftly qucftioned their prifoners concerning the (late of the country^ and which were the towns of greateft note. Se- veral towns were mentioned i but Truxillo ap- peared to be that which, if conquered, would yield the moft proBt : Truxillo was therefore the pla(^e agreed upon to make a defcent. In their pa(rage they defcried three fail : Eaton purfued two of thofe to feaward ; and Cook prefently made prize of that which was nearefl: the land. They were (hips laden with flour for Panama ; in one of which was found a letter from the Viceroy of Lima to the Prefident of Panama, acquainting him with enemies being upon the coaft, and with the fuppofed ftrength of their forces. They alfo found an image o^ the Ble(red Virgin in wood, and a (lately mule» being a prefent to the Pre(ident, with (even or eight tons of marmalate of quinces, which is eaten as a great delicacy in that country. From the prifoners taken in thefe prizes they learned, that the Spaniards were fortifying Truxillo, ahd ^hatagarrifon was alreadyedablKhed. The attack pf that town was therefore judged impra£licable ; f nd it was refolved to retire to the Gallapagos * with L I •f ^''M M mm I' ! .am J, I rffl ^ i'l 302 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. with the prizes and there to confult what next was beft to be undertaken. The Gallapagos are a duller of iflands lying on the Equator, very little known or frequented, till the buccaneers found their way into the Souih Seas ; the neared of them lies 1 10 leagues to the weftward of the main, in long. 70 deg. W. from England. For thefe iflands they fet fail on the 29th of May, and reached them on the 31ft. Here they found plenty of turtle, which they feafted upon frelh every day. They ftaid about ten or twelve days ; and laid up about 500 packs of meal from their prizes to (erve as a future fupply in cafe of neceflity. Being told by an Indian prifoner that was born at Rio Leza, that there were great riches in his city, and that he would (hew them the way to the place, they concluded to fet fail, and to truft to the fidelity of their Indian guide ; intending, however, to anchor by the way at the ifland of Cocos, in lat. 5 deg. 40 min. S. to lodge fomo of their meal, as more convenient to have re- courfe to on ordinary occafions than the iflands oi Gallapagos. With this int..jt their (louteft meal- fhip was taken with them ; but, not being able to make the ifland, they fteered to the continent. It happened, however, in the courfe of this ihort run, that Captain Cook, who had been taken ill at Juan Fernandez, as foon as he came within a few leagues of Cape Blanco, in latitude 9 deg. $6 min. S. fuddenly died, *' though in ^ the morning, fays Dampier, he was as likely <( to Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 30J •* to live as he had been for a long time before •,*• but, he adds, ** ic is ufual for fick men coming; ** from the fea, to die off as foon as they come ** within fight of land." The death of Captain Cook occationed a general confultation, when ic was agreed to come to an anchor in Caldera-bay, within a league of Cape Blanco, and there to give him chriftian burial. While the men were employed in digging the grave, three Indians came up to fee what they were about, and en- tered into converfation with the diggers, at the fame time appearing very fliy *, but, notwith- ftanding their caution, as foon as the corps was decently interred, they were all three feized at once by the company, and very (Iriflly exa- mined. They at firft pretended to know nothing of the Spaniards i but at length they acknow« Icdged that they were fcnt from Nicoya, a town about 1 2 leagues oiF, to learn what they could concerning any (Irangers that Ihould touch u\)oti the coa(t, the people of that town having advice that enemies were in the adjoining feas, and that therefore it behoved them to be upon their guard. They learnt likewife from thefe Indians, that the inhabitants in that neighbourhood were chiefly hufbandmen, and bred cattle ; that they traded in hides, corn, and other provifions, for which they received in return, (hoes, hats, linen^ and other cloth ; and that, at no great diftance, there were fome very large cattle-pens, where they might furnifh themfelves with as many buf- faloes as would fill their (hips. This was wel- come i\}. i p t & ., M ii: 11 I' III \'M 504 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. come news to faiIors» none of whom had tafte4 any frelh meat for many weeks ; and a company of 24 of them fet out immediately with an Indian for their guide, to look for the cattle-pens. After a (hort march of between three ai^d four miles, they came in fight of a favannah, where a great number of cattle were grazing ; of which, fome were for initantly killing as many as they could carry away, while others were for fiaying all night, and driving them into the pens tofupply the Ihips at once, before the owners were apprized of their defign. This refolution prevailed ; but Dampler, who was of the party, and who never chofe to run unneceflkry hazards, returned to the (hips with about half the com- pany, together with the Indian guide, while the reft chofe to ftay where they were. In the morn- ing, when thefe voluntary drovers were expe^- ed to return with their cattle, none came : it was therefore feared that fome difafter had be<^ fallen them i and boats were manned, and fent put to look for them. As the boats were rowing along, fome of the company happened to fpy a number of people upon a rock up to their middles in water ; and, upon nearing them, theyfoonfaw that they were the very people they were in fearch of ; and, therefore, haftened to take them on board. Lucky it was, that the boatmen happened to fpy them juft as they did, for in an hour more they had been all fwallowed up by the tide. They had been fuffered to deep all night unmolefted ; 9ni t t Lfted, }any diaft ai^d inaby ; of nany efof pens irners utloii party, zards, com- ile the morn- xpea- fie: it d be* d fent af the )coplc ; and, y were ; and, board, to fpy •c they They Lefted ; m i-'l 'ii ' III !l CAPTAm DAMrtER's VOYAGES. 305 ind in the morning when they were fcattered about among the cattle, and driving them Into the pens, they were furprized by the fudden ap- pearance of about 60 Spanifh foldiers well arm- ed, who placed themfelves in a convenient fuu- ation to cut off their retreat. Alarmed at this uncxpeded difcovery, they haftened to join in a body, refolving to fell their lives dear, if they found it impoflible to make their efcape. Ac- cordingly, they looked well round them in order to difcover an opening to fome other part of the fliore, than that againft which their (hips rode, marching at the fame time in as good order as their fituation would admit, and giving the Spa- niards now- and- then a volley of (hot, to keep them at a proper diftance. The Spaniards, who are not over eager to come to a clofe engage- ment, kept themfelves (heltered behind the bufhes, whiftling fome random (hot at the fugi- tives, by way of return •, which, however, did them no harm. In this cautious manner they advanced (hvfly towards the beach where Cap- tain Cook was buried ; and, looking for their boat, faw her in flames by the water-fide, near the fpot where they had grounded her the night before. All hope of ret: ^at being now cut ofFj and the Spaniards, tc make fure of their furren^ der, having polled themfelves in fuch a manner ais to prevent all communication with the (hips, they were at length reduced to the lad extre- nfiity; when, fortunately, fpying a rock juft above water, about roo yards from the fhore. Vol, I. R r they ill I 'IF 306 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES; they all determined to commit themfelves to the mercy of the ocean, rather than fall into the hands of the Spaniards. With this refolution they rulhed together into the tide, holding faft by one another, and determining that if one pe- riihed all Ihould perilh. In this manner they made good their landing upon the rock, where they had continued feven hours, when they hap- pened to be difcovered by their comrades, who were fuffered by the Spaniards to releafe them without firing a gun. After this difappointment it was thought ad- vifeable not to hazard a fecond attempt •, they therefore weighed anchor, and condnued their courfe to Ria Lexa, having firll chofen Mr. Ed- ward Davis, the next in command to Captain Cook, Commander in his room. On the 20th of July they fet fail, and in three days they were a-breaft of their intended port. Ria Lexa is known by a high-peaked vol- cano, which fmokes all the day, and in the night fomctimes fends forth flames of fire. It lies a confiderable diftance from the main, and before you approach the town there is a fmall ifland on which the Spaniards had placed a guard. This guard the buccaneers furprized j but from them they learnt, that the town was ftrongly fortified; that the Governor was informed of their being upon the coaft; and that the garri- fon was well provided for defence. This news difcouraged the adventurers, who did not come to fight but to plunder : they therefore inftantly withdrew t the the ion faft pe. Lhey here hap- who them It ad- thcy i theic r. Ed- aptam e 20th rs they :d vbl- e night it lies a before ifland guard. It from Tongly fined of »c garri- lis news lot come Inftantly Withdrew Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 307 withdrew from Ria Lexa, and fteering for the gulph of Amapalla, they there careened their (hips, and parted company. This gulph is a large arm of the fea running ten leagues up into the country. On the fouth point lies Cape Cawina, and on the N. W. St. Michael's Mount, in lat. It deg. 40 min. N. But before they came to the gulph, it was agreed that Captain Davis fhould go before with two canoes well- manned, in order, by furprifing fome of the natives, to gain intelligence. Accordingly, as foon as they approached the gulph, the canoes departed, and Captain Davis, the firft night, arrived at a fmall ifland on which there was a town called Mangera, which, for want of a guide, he could not find. In the morning he found it \ but the Indian inhabitants had all fled, and left the place deferted j only the padre, with two boys to attend him, were left to take their fate. As all that Captain Davis wanted was a prifoner for the fake of information, one more intelligent than the friar could not have fallen into his hands. From him they learnt, that there were feveral Indian villages in the gulph •, but that there were only three towns that had churches •, that, he ferved all the three ; that there was only a- nother white man, befides himfelf, in the whole gulph, who was a kind of fecretary to the Spa- nilh government, and who colledted the reve- nues and kept the accompts. Captain Davis, upon receiving this intelji- gcnce, taking with him the friar and his two R r a boys, I 1 • l\ ii i i,: .III ! ?!ih i ' f'! KB ' !'.' i M 308 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. boys, ventured to approach Amapalla, whicl^ Hands upon an eminence. As Davis with his men gained the afcent, the Secretary9 attend- ed by the Cafique or Indian Chief, demand- ing, in Spanifh, who they were, and from whence they came, was anfwered by Davis, that they were Bifcayers, and that they were fent thither by the King of Spain to clear the fcas from enemies ; that their (hips were foul, and were coming there to clean ; and that he was come before to prepare a convenient ftation, and to demand alTiftance from his Majefty's In- dian fubjefts. The Secretary bid him welcome ; faid he loved an Old Spain man ; and gave him and his followers a kind invitation to come and take their refidence in the town. Captain Davis afcended the hill, placing the friar in the front. They were received with every poffible mark pf refpeft both by the Secretary and the Indian inhabitants, and after the Br{l falqtations were pad, they were conducted to the church, where all bufincfs of a public nature is tranfadted. Ac- cordingly, the friar entered firft and was follow- ed by Captain Davis and moll of the by-ftand- ers *, but one or two of the Indians loitering behind were pulhed in by Davis's men, who then, fufpeding fome mifchief, Iprung back again, and all the reft of the Indians taking the alarm, followed their example, leaving Davis and the friar, looking at one another in hjgh confternation, ignorant as pods of the caufe that fiad occafioned the defertion, while, at the fame time. hicU cend- land- from )avis, were ar the 5 foul, hat he tation, y's In- icome ; ve him ne and n Davis e front, Q mark Indian »is were where ed. Ac- follow- y-ftand- oitering n, who g back king the g Davis in high aufe that the fame time. Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 309 time, the brutes who had caufed the revolt were firing upon the poor Indians for flying, and in the ikirmifh the Secretary was kill'd upon the fpot» the only perfon in all the gulph that could fpeak Spanilh, the friar and his two boys excepted* Davis's defign was, when they were all in the church, to have fhut them in, and made his own terms with them : but, poor wretches ! ichere was no need to practice farther treachery Vfith them; for, notwichftanding the brutality of thefe pretended Bifcayers, the Indians (hew- ed them every kind of civility, helped them to repair their fhips, hewed down timber for them, and brought it to the docks; furniihed them with cattle and frefh provifions from the miin ^ iand aflifted them in filling water, and carrying wood aboard. All this while the friar with his two lads were kept prifoners, and it was feared, when they were ready to fail, that they would have carried them off; for the Indians had a great veneration for their pried. He had learned their language, and was very ufeful to them both by his kind offices and admonitions. They remained here from the latter end of July till the 3d of September, when they fct the friar and his youths on fhore; and, the two Captains, or more properly the two crews, having quarrelled, they parted, as has already been laid, and each of them purfued a different courfe. Davis fleered along the main of Peru, ^ill having ranged the whole coaft of South i^merica, they came to the iQand of Plata, in lat. 1: 't^!:.- 310 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. lat. I deg. 10 min. S. fo called by the Spaniards, after Drake had (hared the plunder of the Ca- cafuego upon it. Captain Eaton (leered a con- trary courfe, till being in want of water, he chofe the ifland of Plate to fupply his necefTities. Here the two (hips came unexpeAedly to the fame harbour, when Captain Eaton propofed a reconciliation, which Davis, or rather his crew, rgeAed. Capt. £aton*s men reported, that they had met in their courfe with dreadful tornadoes, ■with thunder and lightning frightful to the laft degree ; that the air fmelt of fulphur ; and that they every moment expedted to be involved in fmoke and flame. Captain Eaton's terms being rejeded, he (laid but one night, and the day fol- lowing Davis left the idand, and attempted the little town of Manta, about feven or eight leagues from Plata. They found the place deferted, and brought away an old woman* the only liv- ing creature they found in the place. She in? formed them, that a great many Grangers were come over-land from the north feas i that they were yet in canoes and periagoes ; and that the Viceroy had commanded all the Spanifh trading Ihips on the coaft to be burn^, to prevent their falling into the enemies hands. On this news, Davis retired again to the ifland of Plata, to wait the event, where foon after an Englifh Ihip arrived, called the Cygnet, commanded by Captain Swan. This (hip had been fitted out by fome merchants of London, with a view %(} trade ^ but all trade being effeftually at a (lop. Swan rdsy Ca- ;on- bofe ties, the ed a rew. they does, elaO: i that ed in being y fol- :d the agues |erted, y liv- \t in? ; were they at the ■ading their news, ^ta, to (hip :d by td out pew %Q ftop. Swan Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 31 k Swa:-. A Jis eafily perfuaded to put his goods up to audtion among the adventurers with whom he ac- cidentally fell in I to man his (hip with them } and to turn buccaneer himfelf. The new comers were headed by a Captain Harris, who contented himfelf for the prefent to command a fmall bark under Captain Swan. There was great joy at this meeting; and Captain Davis and Captain Swan were, like other rogues, very fond of each other for their own villainous purpofes. They now wilhed for Captain Eaton again, that having men enough they might all unite, and undertake fome place of confequence. With this view they fitted up a fmall bark, and di(^ patched her in purfuit of him, appointing a place of rendezvous, if the bark ihould be for- tunate enough to meet with him. In the mean time they fet fail, direding their courfe to Payta, a fmall town in lat. 5 deg. 15 min. S. built un- der a rock near the fea-fide. In their way they fell in with a large (hip of 400 tons, laden with timber, by whom they received intelligence, that the Viceroy had ordered 10 frigates to befitted up with all expedition, in order to drive them out of thofe feas. " Captain Davis's unfettled " crew, fays Dampier, began now heartily to *« repent their not accepting of Captain Eaton's *« terms." However, they purfued their courfe, and on the 3d of November landed in the road of Payta, and next morning attempted the town, which they found deferted, and not fo much as one day's provifions left in the whole place. Here • {t ,•( ^11 Captaiw DAMPiER's Voyages. Here they got intelligence, that Captain Eatort had burnt a (hip in that road the week before, and was failed to the weftward ; by which they judged that he had taken his departure for the Eaft Indies, by which courfe it was always his intention to return home. They, therefore, be- gan to prepare for their defence, in cafe of being attacked by the Spanilh frigates. They burnt Captain Harris's bark, becaufe (he was a heavy failor, and Btted up another fmall bark for a fire-(hip ; and, having examined their powder and ammunition, and overhauled their rigging, and put every thing in the be(t order they could, they made fail for the ides of Lobos. At Lobos they found a letter left by the bark that was fent in queft of Captain Eaton, acquainting them that he had been there, but had failed ibme days before the arrival of the bark; and that the bark was gone to Plata, the place of rendezvous. Here it was concerted to attempt the town of Guaiaquil, before they returned to Plata. Ac- cordingly, on the 29th in the morning, they ietfail from Lobos, fleering direftly for the bay of Guaiaquil. This bay runs in between Cape Blanco on the fouth fide, and Point Shan- day on the north, 25 I^gues from Cape Blanco. In the bottom of this bay lies the ifland of San- ta Clara, in the form of a corpfe laid out in a fhroud, of which the eafl: end reprefents the head, and the welt end the feet. Ships thac are bound to the port of Guaiaquil keep to the ibuthward of this iOe, to avoid the (hoals on th^ c tort yxCf hey the hts be- cing lurnc cavy for a iwdcr ig»ng» louldy Lobos is fent m that ; days ^e bark zvous. own of . Ac- T, they •or the letween It Shan- Blanco. lof San- >uc in a nts the ips that to the ioals on Captaim t)AMPl£R's VOYAGES, 31^ the north fide, where, it is reported, a very rich wreck lies funk, and that a perfon, who came from the King of Spain with a patent to fi(h for wrecks, had taken up fome of the plate, but he dying, the patent expired without much ef- fedt. The Indians, however, have taken fome by fteahh, and would probably have got much more but for the fwarms of cat-fi(h that hover round this ifland, the prick of whofe fins is fo poifonous. that whenever they draw blood the wound proves mortal. From Santa Clara to Puna Arona is about feven leagues, on which idand the inhabitants, who are all feamen or Blhermen, are obliged to keep conftant watch, and to give notice to the Governor of Guiaquil of the approach of all (hipping, whether friends or foes. The houfes in the town of Puna Hand upon pofts 10 or 12 feet high, with ladders on the outiides to afc6nd the rooms. Dampier fays, he never faw any fuch in any other pare of ^the world, except among the Malayans iit the Eaft Indies. They are thatched with pal- meto leaves, and their chambers well boarded,' in which they exceed the Malayans. Fromi Puna to Guiaquil is feven leagues, and at the diftance of one league from the entrance of the river, which rifes about two miles on the other fide Guiaquil, it is divided into two dreams, one ftream leading to Leon, the other to Guiaquil. Guiaquil, according to Dampier, is one of the principal fea-ports in the South Seas. The com- modities exported from that city are cocoa. Vol. h S f hides^ il; i''- n;' :.'i''ll 3J4 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES; hldies, tallow, farfaparilla and other drugs, and woollen-cloth, commonly called Quito-cloth* This cloth, which is made at the rich inland town of Quito, is worn by all the common peo- ple throughout the kingdom of Peru. But, be- sides cloth, Quito abounds with gold, wa(h*d down from the mountains that furround it, which the Indians make a trade of gathering in the adjacent brooks, where it is fometimes found in folid lumps, but generally in fmall duft mix'd with fand. As foon as the (hips entered the bay they caft anchor off Cape Blanco ; and the crews manned their boats and fmall barks to advance with the more fccrefy towards the town. In their way they made prize of a fmall velTel, laden with Quico-cloth, the mader of which told them of the watch at Puna-, and at the fame time ac- quainted them that three (hips were expeded ta fail from Guiaquil next tide with looo negro Haves. They had not rowed far before they fell in with one of the (hips laden with negroes, and took her. They cut her main-mad down, and left her at anchor. The next day they made prize of the other two ; but in taking them they alarmed the town : and, there being no dificipline obferved, no Commander in Chief to lead them on in a body, one party counteracted the other party ; fo that none of their attacks took place« Captain Davis advanced with a party of his men ^ill they were quite exhaufted in marching thro' fwamps and mangroves. Captain Swan and moft of his men were for retreating, feeing the ^, tow» 1 1 t r ith»' ind iCO- bc 3wn the cent foVid [and, rcaft nned h the way \ with im of le ac-. icdta I negro icy fell :s, and t and made they fipline them other place# lis men ig thro* Ian and ing the tow» Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 315^ town alarmed i but, being upbraided v/ith cow- ardice, agreed to proceed. They had two In- dian guides ; and one of them undertook to lead the way into the town, and was followed by a Davis's man, who was fa!l:ened to iiim by a rope, to prevent his making his cfcape. But, a little before they came within mulket-lhot, Davis's man, who had boaded of his courage, and fought the poll of honour, to be next man to the guide, cut the luring, and let the guide loofe ; ^ho, finding himfelf at liberty, took to his heels, and made his efcape. The other, when he faw him out of reach, cried out, that fomebody had cut the ftring, and that the guide was gone. This fpread a general panic •, fo the defign was all at once defeated *, for, after that, not a mar\ would advance a Itep farther, but all retired to their boats and embarked without either firing a gun, or having a gun fired at them. After look- ing at the town for half an hour, they departed : and, having dreft a cow, and filled their bellies, they fell down the bay with the tide, rifled the negro-fhips, and took about forty of the (touted men along with them, and turned the reft adrift, Dampier remarks upon this mifcarriage, that there never was a fairer opportunity for men to enrich themfelves than they had , but all their golden dreams vanilhed at once j and they return- ed as they went, direfting their courfe to Plata, to meet the bark fent in learch of Captain Eaton. When they arrived, they found her with her crew almoft famifhcd; for having fought the S f a ftiip«i < \t 7^n M k|\'.':{i« It'i^-i' f ?'■ '. •' fe:J- 2i6 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES, (hips at Lobos, and from Lobos to Plata, and from Plata to Lobos again, without finding them, and having fcarce 14 days provifions on i30ard when they fet out, they were conftrained to make a defcent upon the vilhge of Santa Helena, where they fucceeded, and got a fmall quantity of maize, with which and the turtle they happened to flrike, and fome boobies and pen- guins they killed, they had made (hift to fubfifl-, though with the utmofl; difficulty. Such was the regard thefe plunderers bore for each other, when projects of robbery were in view. Here the cargo of the cloth-bark, the only booty they had made, was fhared by lots, and Captain Swan had the bark to ferve him as a tender. Here alio, according to cuftom, they quarrelled ; Captain Pavis's men placing the mifcarriage to the cow- ardice of Captain Swan's ; and Captain Swan's to the over- for wardnefs of Captain Davis's. At length the matter was compromifed by the me- diation of the two Commanders •, and they agreed in the next place to attack Lavelia, a pretty large town in the bay of Panama, about feven leagues from the fea-fide, on the banks of a river on the north-fide of the bay. On this expedition they fet fail the 23d of De- cember, 1684. On the 28th, they arrived at a fmall village called Tomaco, which they furpriz- cd and took, and in it a Spanifti Knight, Don Di- ego de Pinas, who came in a Ship from Lima to load timber, in which (hip there were only eight Spaniards, and twelve or thirteen jars of good old jyinc. The wine they feizcd, but let the Ihip go. Pa I, and inding ans on ;ramed Santa a fmall tie they nd pen- I fubfift, ach was h other, , Here oty they m Swan [ere alfo. Captain the cow- n Swan's is's. At the me- ey agreed jetty large :n leagues er on the 1 3d of De- rived at a ky furpriz- f , Don Di- Lima to )nly eight If good old \e fhip go* Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 317 On the ift of January, 1685, ^^ paffingfrom Tomaco to Gallo they took a packet-boat from "Panama to Lima with letters. The Spaniards threw the letters over-board ; but there being a ilring and a fmall buoy to the box in which they were inclofed, the box was feen and taken up* The contents of the public difpatches were, thac the armada from Old Spain were arrived at Porto Bello, and that the Prefident of Panama had received orders to haften the Plate fleet from )l.ima. This was joyful news for the buccaneers, who now though: of nothing but (baring the trea- fures of Peru. They laid afide their pitiful projedb upon Lavelia, and concluded to careen their (hips at the King's Ifles, near the entrance of the gulph of Panama, to which gulph no (hips could fail without being feen from thefe iQes. There were now two (hips and three barks ^n company, a fire- (hip, and two fmall tenders* They all changed their courfe, and fleered for the ifles, in their way to which they took a (hip of 90 tons, laden with flour. On the 23d of January they arrived at the place appointed ; and on the 25th, they cafl anchor in the harbour of Galleria, fetting all hands to work to clean the barks, in order to cruife in the channel till the next fpring-tide, when the large (hips might be laid up to be cleaned alfo. On the 27th, the barks, being fini(hed, were fent to cruife in the entrance of the gulph ; and pn the 4th day after, they brought in a prize laden y% 'hm Mm • l^pwiWPWWBW^-fU^I^UHftli- W^i? J*W' J ■}!■ ■ "- '1 'w?^ "^fMV-^J^'fWJW 1>I . € ' ^ 318 Captaim DAMPIER's voyages; laden with corn, fait- beef, and fowls. The beef and fowls came in good time. The 14th of February, they made an end of careening their large (hips, took in wood and water, and, on the 15th, failed into the channel, to cruife for the plate- fleet. "When they came a-breaft of Old Panama, they fent their Knight upon his parole -with a letter to the Prefident, to treat for the ex- change of prifoners ; but by fome accident, fays Dampier, he was killed. The next day they fent another letter to the Prefident by a Meftifo fa mixed breed, half Indian half Spaniard). This letter produced the defired efFedt. The Englifh prifoners were releafed, and about 40 Spaniards were returned in their 'room. Leaving Panama, they caft anchor before To- bago; and, while they lay in that road, a ftra- tagem was played upon them that was near proving fatal to men and ihips. A pretended merchant from Panama came by ftealth to trade with them for fuch merchandize as they might have on.board (a thing not uncommon on thofe coafts), and was well received. It was agreed, that in the ight he fhould fend his bark out with fuch commodities as they wanted, and take back fuch as chey had to return. Accordingly, the bargain was made, and the bark came out as was expcfted, hailing the fhips with the watch- word that was to be her fecurity. Being cau- tious, however, left fome mifchief fhould be in- tended, they called to the people on board the bark to caft anchor j which they not regarding, were 9 f cau- )e in- the ^ing, were Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES, ji J ^cre inftantly fired at ; upon which the crew took to their canoes» and fet fire to the pretend- ed fmuggling (hip, which had been prepared as a fire-(hip by that Capt. Bond who carried off the ofiicers from Mayo, as has been already re* lated in the beginning of the voyage. This was aimed chiefly at Captain Davis's fhip ; but at the fame time, Captain Swan's people obferved a fmall float on the water with fomething like a man in it, making towards their fhip ; the man feeing he was difcovered, dived, and the float: difappeared : this, they apprehended, whea they faw the fire-fhip blow up, was fome com- bullibie matter intended to be (truck to the rudder of Swan's (hip, as was formerly attempt- ed upon that of Captain Sharpens in the harbour of Coquimbo. Both ihips, however, were glad to cut their cables, and it was with difficulty that Davis's efcaped. The fire-fliip drove burn- ing towards Tobago, but after the firfl: explo- fion (he did not burn clear, only made a fmother, not being properly contrived. This Bond, who in{tru£led the Spaniards in making her, after he left the Cape de Verd ifles, as has already been related, (leered for the South Seas, and in his paiTage meeting with Captain Eaton, Bond's pilot, Richard Morton by name, perfuaded him to join with Eaton and to make the voyage conjointly ; but after they had failed in company two days, Morton took an opportunity to flip on board Eaton, and perfuaded him to drop Bond, which he i ',% j20 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES.- he did in the night, Morton ftill continuing on board with Eaton. Bond being thus deferted^ and having no navigator with him who had ever been in the South Seas, and having been fcouted for mal-pradices in the North Seas, iiad no other refource but that of betraying his coun- trymen's dexigns to ingratiate himfelf with the Spaniards. With this view he fteered diredbly for Pono Bello, furrendered himfelf and crew to the Governor, informing him of the buc. cancer's defigns in the South Seas, and offering to remain himfelf as furety for the truth of what he faid. The Governor, not doubting the fa£t, entertained him, and fent him over to tht Viceroy of Lima to be employed by him as he Ihould think fit ; and he proved a very ufeful inftrument in defeating the enterprizes of his old companions. But to proceed. In the morning when it was light, the fhips returned to their buoys to fi(h up their anchors ; and while they were thus em- ployed, they were alarmed by a multitude of canoes and periagoes that were in motion all round the ifland. They feemed to make direct- ly towards the (hips, and when they came with- in call, the people on board learnt that they were a new company of Englifh and French in** vaders, juft arrived from the North Seas to try their fortune along with the old, and were headed by two captains, one Grener, the other Lequie *, that they confided of 200 French and the reft Erfglifii •, and that i8o Englifli more were 'i ;on ted^ ever utcd 1 no oun- 1 the rcftly crew : buc BFcring ath of mg the to the ti as he r ufeful ; of his n it was to fifli hus cm- itude of jtion all [c dire6t- ic with- iat they :ench in- as to try Ind were the other ench and |\(h more were t APT AIM tJAMPIER^s VOYAGES. 31 1 "•vcrc ftill on the ifthmus, under the command of Captain Townley, and were daily expected to arrive in order to join the reft. All the Eng- liQimen were immediately taken on board Cap- tain Davis and Captain Swan } and the French vcre accommodated with the flour prizes, of which mention has already been made, and Cap- tain Grenet, as the eldeft officer, was made choice of to command his countrymen. In a few days, Captain Townley arrived, having al- ready made himfdf matter of two (hips, one laden with flour, the other with wine, brandy, and oil : the prifoners they took in thefe fhips declared, that the fleet from Lima was ready to fail. Soon after the arrival of Capt. Townley, there came a canoe out of the river of Santa Martha^ who laid there were 300 men more on the ifthmus of Darien in their way to thefe fcasi On the 15th, they fell in with a bark with five or fix Englilhmen in her that belong- ed to Captain Knight^ who had been fix months in the South SeaSj and was now upon the coaft of Mexico, where he came in fight of this bark, but not being able to come up with her in his fhip, had fent the men that were found in her in a canoe to make prize of her ; who, having fucceeded, had loft company in the night, and could not recover their ihip again. This bark Captain Swan took under his care, on pretence that the men had run away and left their Commander, and gave her to Captain Harris, who prcfcntly manned her. Vol. I. T t t The f* 'It III 111 t i ^ I; ni I P' If -t ^22 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES, if he time approached when the Lima fleet Ivas expedbed, and Ibme letters were intercepted that contained the inftrudtions to the com- manders which courfe to iteer. In confequence whereof the captains of the buccaneers held a confultation in what manner to (leer in order to intercept them j but, while they were yet un- determined, word was brought that the Spanilh fleet was advancing, and, as it ihould feem, to give them battle. This news was by no means agreeable. Such a motley crew of com- mon plunderers were but ill fuited to (land a regular engagement. However, there was now no alternative, either they muft Hght or run a- way ; in which cafe, being taken (ingly, they probably would all be dellroyed ; but by fight- ing fome might chance to efcape. The Spa- niards were 14 in number; of which the Ad- miral carried 40 guns and 540 men j the Vice- admiral 40 guns, 400 men ; the Rear-admiral 36 guns, 360 men ; one (hip of 24 guns, 300 men; one of 18 guns, 250 men; and one of eight guns, zoo men ; two fire- (hips ; fix (hips with only fmall arms, fome periagoes and ten- ders, having eight hundred men among them all. The Englifh, who were to engage this formi- dable fquadron, confifted of ten fail ; Captain Davis's (hip, of 36 guns, 156 men, moftly Eng^ li(h; Captain Swan, 16 guns. 140 men, all Engli(h J thefe were the only (hips of force ; the others being furni(hed with none but fmall , arms y t Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 323 arms 5 Captain Townlcy had 1 10 men, all Eng- lilh; Captain Grcnct 308 men, all French 5 Captain Harris 100 men, moft Englilh •, Cap- tain Branley 36 men, fomc Englifh, fome French i Pavis's tender, eight men; Swan's tender, eight men j Townlcy's bark, eighty men -, and a fmall bark of thirty tons made into a Bre>ihip, with a canoe's crew in her *, in fill 960 men. The Englilh, notwithftanding the fuperiority of the enemy, refolved to begin the attack, having the advantage of the weather gage, which gave them the choice either to fight or run. Accordingly, about three in the after- noon, they bore down right before the wind on the enemy, who kept clofe upon a wind to meet them ', but night came on without any thing material being done on either fide. When it grew dark, the Spanilh Admiral put forth a light as a (ignal for the fleet to cad anchor, and prefently hoilled a light on his top, which after continuing there an hour was taken down, and in a little time hoifted again. The Englilh, being ftill to windward, were not aware of this (Iratagem ; for the Spaniard, knowing of what confequence it was to gain the weather gage, hoifted the fecond light u^on the topmait of one of his barks, and edged away filently himfelf, followed by his capital (hips, and, as foon as it was day-light, appeared to wind- ward of the Engliih. This was an unexpeffced stroke, and left them no other courfc to t^kQ but ;o fly, T t 2. Captain n B I'f i m m i'»i . I -1 •41 m gmf ^. ' lb 51 :' li'i hi; \>m^ lii'^'ll ;*5i I ||24 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. Captain Townley being hard prefTed by the enemy, made a bold pu(h through a narrow gui^ that parted the ides, and was followed by feve- ral of the fmaller (hipSt by which they efcaped. Captain Harris was chaced to the weftward, and returned no more. And Captain Davis main- tained ai running Bght all day round the bay of Panama, with the lofs only ot a finglc man. At night the Spaniards gave over the purfuit, and fuifered the Engltfh to rendezvous at the fame iHands from whence they failed the day before to begin the attack. The 30th, the Spaniards, without purfuing their vidtory, continued their courfe to Panama •, and the Englidi having loft Captain Harris ia the engagt-ment, as has juft now been mention- ed, fee fail to the keys of Quibo in fearch of him^ that being the place appointed to rendezvous in, cafe ot being diiperkd. Here they caftiieredt their cowardly French Captain, who never came into the engagement at all *, and, having found Captain Harris, they h^ld a confultation about their future operations. All their hopes being now fruftrated of effed- ing any thing confiderable by fea, they turned their thoughts on making their fortunes by land ; and for that purpoTc their prifoners were all, ftridtly examined, with regard to the ftrengtl\ and riches of the princ.pal cities along the fea- coaft, and within 20 or 30 miles within land. On the 5th of July they were joined by Captain Knight, of whoni mention has already been € I* f the feve- aped, i, and main- jay of i. At :, and J fame before rfuing nam a •» irris in :ntion- )f him^ /ous in, [(hiered r came found about effeft-. Iturned land \ |erc aU :rengthi le fea.- iand. i?d bjf ilready been Captaim DAMPIER'9 VOYAGES. 325 been made. He had been cruifing more than fix months, and had got nothing except a good (hip. He expe£^ed to have found the fleet at JCing's lOands, enriched with the treafures of the Spanifh ^ett : but when he came there, he was informed by the matter of a bark- log, which he took, that they were worfted, and had fled to the wedward) where he had now come to joia them. In order more eflfe^lually to purfue their inland enterprises, they fet about providing canoes for navigating the rivers that led to the chief ci- ties, againft which they had formed deiigns, ^nd on the 20th of July they failed from Qui- bo, bending their courfe for Ria Lexa, the neareft port to Leon, the city they determined fitH to attack. Their whole force confided of 640 men in eight (hips, commanded by the Captains Davis, Swan, Townley, and Knight, with a (ire-Ihip and three tenders. Being arrived within eight leagues of the (horc, they quitted their ihips, and embarked to the number of 520 men in gi canoes ; and after a dangerous paflage, iii which they met witli two dreadful tornadoes, and in which the large canoes were very near finking, they arrived ac length at the creek that leads to Leon, and ad- vancing within five miles of the city without the lofs of a man, they landed to the number pf 470, leaving the remainder under the coni'^ (P^n4 of Pompier to guard the canoes. They w^ ,^ m ''m m mi tr M I'U Mi !? ■ if *■ 326 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. They marched from the boats in three divi. fions. Captain Townley with 80 of the brifked men kd the van ; Captain Swan with 100 men foUovved next, to fupport him *, Captain Davis headed the main body, confiding of 1 70 men, and Captain Knight with the remainder, compof- ed the rear. Captain Townley, who had advanced more than two miles a-head of the red, met a party of Spanifh horfemen, and defeated them. Encouraged by this fuccefs, hh men pulhed brifkly on, and entered the town, driving all be- fore them. When they had gained the high- dreet they were oppofsd by the main body of the Spaniards, drawn up on the parade in or- der of battle ; but, on two or three of their principal officers being killed, they were foon difperfed i and Captain Townley had made him* felf mader of the city before the foremod divi- fion that was to fupport him had entered the fuburbs. About fix in the evening the rear, guard came draggling in *, many of the n^.en who compofed it, being tired and unable to keep pace with the red, came dropping in all night ; and one old man was killed next morning by the Spaniards, from whom he refufed to accept of quarter. He fired ^his piece among them, re- ferving his pidols to defend himfelf when he fliould come to clofe engagement •, but they re- turned his fire, and diot him dead at a didance. He was a dout grey-headed old man, aged about 84, and had ferved under Oliver in the time of the Irifh Rebellion i after which, he entered oa board f Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 327 board a (hip, and failed to Jamaica, where he had followed buccaneering for many years. He could not be prevailed on to tarry with the ca- noes, but faid he would venture as far as the boldeil man among them. He was much re- gretted, being a cheerful old man, and never difpirited. The Spaniards likewife picked up another Uraggler, one Mr. Smith, a merchant, who had accompanied Capt. Swan with an intent to trade* when that gentleman took in his cargo at London for the South Seas. This gentleman was car- ried before the Governor of Leon, who was en- camped at fome diftance from the town, and was examined by him concerning the number of the invaders. Being known to a Mulatto fervanc that attended the Governor, he was the more eafily credited ; when he told him, that they were 1000 (Irong in the town, and that 500 were lefc to guard the canoes. This information had its efFedl ; for the Governor, who was alTembling the force of the country to fall upon the affail- ants, fent next day a flag of truce, with an offer to ranfom the city. They demanded 300,000 pieces of eight, and provifions for 1000 men for four months. The demand, it is probable, exceeded the Governor's abilities ; fo that he was obliged to fufFer the city to be fet on fire, becaufe he could not comply with their exor- bitant demands. In the mean time, Mr. Smith being exchanged for a lady that had fallen into the hands of the invaders, and a Spanilh gentle- man .l!!r ''^^'•i 'Mr: 'ili li' l]#^' 'i 3«8 Captaiit DAMPIER*^ VOVAGES. man releafed) upon promife of fending thenrl 150 oxen to Ria Lexa, the next town they in* tended to alTauIc, they left Leon in flames, and returned to their canoes. It does not appear that the plunder of Leon anfwered the expe£ta-> tions of the afTailants. Be that as it may^ the/ prowled down the river, dealing cattle, or any thing that fell in their way *, and, on the i6th of June, reached Ria Lexa, in the harbour of which the (hips were already arrived. The Spaniards, for their better defence, had thrown up an intrcnchment at the mouth of a narrow creek leading to the town, and had placed i id ibldiers to defend it ^ they had befides thrown a boom acrofs the river, to prevent either (hips or boats from advancing up the channel : lb that thefe men might have maintained their pods againd an army of 500 regulars. But when the £ngli(h came in fight of the bread-work, they fired but two guns betore the Spaniards run away. They were about half an hour in cut- ting the boom i and, the channel being now clear, they entered the town without farther op- pofition. Here they found nothing but empty houres, except fuch things as the inhabitants could not, or would not carry away •, thefe were about 500 facks of flour, fome pitch, tar, and cordage, all which, though things of little value to the Spaniards, were not with ftanding of great life to them. They therefore conveyed them aboard the fhips ', and havmg here received the 150 beeves (the ranfom of the gentleman re- leafed theni :j in- s«and ippcar pcdka- r^ they or any ; i6th »our of The thrown narrow ed I Id irowna [hips or lb that ir pofta rhcn the k, they ids run in cuc- ng now ther op- it empty abkanta efe were ar, and Ic values if great led them lived the lan re- leafed cc Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 329 leafed on his parole at Leon), fome were cm- ployed in killing and falting, while others made cxciirfions to the neighbouring farms and fugar- works, from whence they rarely returned empty handed. They (laid here from the 17th to the 24th, when fome of our deftru6tive crew (to ufe Dampier's own words) fet Hre to the houfes^ I know not by whofe order, but we marched away, and left them burning." The 2 5th, the Captains Davis and Swan agreed to part company. They had hitherto been un- fucccfsful in concert j they therefore determined to try their fortunes feparatcly. Knight and Harris accompanied Davis *, and Townley with his two barks followed Captain Swan. In a few days Davis fet fail for the coads of Peru i but Capt. Swan, after Haying to take in wood and water, and to recover his men, purfued his courfe to the weftward, intending Brft to ex« amine the country of Mexico towards the norths and then to deer for the Eaft-Indies, and by thac courfe to return home. This was a very flatter- ing voyage for Dampier, who was no lefs earned to (lore his mind with the knowledge of new countries, than to enlarge his fortune by the riches they contained : he therefore quitted Da- vis, and entered on board with Captain Swan. On the 3d of September they fet their prifon- ers and pilots on ihore ; the latter being of no farther ufe, and the former only an incumbrance. A malignant fever continued to rage on board. Vol. I, U u which I ; ;■#( ■ (■.\v t • tit 'J : P' m< 330 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. which carried off many of their men. As the~ fame diftemper broke out in the fleet of Captain Davis, it was concluded that they had taken the infection at Ria Lexa, where, a few months be- fore their arrival, the inhabitants had been vi- fited by a kind of plague, which had almoft de- populated the town. They had ftill, however* about 340 men in tolerable health in four fhips. In their courfe to the north-weftward, they mc6 with moft tempeftuous weather, violent torna- does from the north-eaft almoft every day, witb fuch flalhes of lightning and claps of thunder, as no man on board had ever heard. On the 14th they came in fight of the well- known volcano of Guatimala, which appears at firft with a double peak. Between thefe peaks fire and fmoke with dreadful roaTmgs fre- quently break forth, and fpread the alarm far and wide -, yet the inhabitants of Guatimala con- tinue to refide near the foot of the mountain, and are not fo much intimidated upon thofe oc-^ cafions as thofe who live at a greater diftance. This city is famous for many rich commodities, the produce of the neighbouring hills and fa- vannas among which it is fituated. It lies about eight leagues from the South Sea, and by report not above 40 or fifty leagues from the north, to which it fends annually great quantities of in- dico, anatta, filvefter, and cochineal. The in- dico plant grows wild about Guatimala, and has lately been introduced and cultivated in Georgia and Carolina. The anatta is a red dye, and is made c the )ta*m ithe s be- ll vi- ^de- revcr» hips. ;y met corna- ', witb inder, ; wcll- icars at peaks rs fre- irm far ila con- luntain, lofe oc- iftance. odities, and fa- s about ly report orth, to of in- The in- and has Georgia and h made Captain DAMPIER's VOY/\GES. 331 made from the flowers of a fhrub which grows in many of the fouthern provinces of America. Silvcfter is the feeds of a fruit not unlike the prickly pear of England •, and cochineal is a col- ledtion of infeds bred in fruit of the fame fliape and fize. Both the trees grow wild about Gua- timala; and both the filveder and cochineal yield the fame kind of dye, and are fometimes fubftituted one for the other, though the cochi- neal is generally accounted the molt valuable. The volcano of Guatimala is feen at y^ miles diftance ; and the fea, as they approached it, was full offloating pumice Hones, walhed by the rains from the adjacent hills, and precipitated by the floods into the main ocean, where, by a conftant accumulation, they cover an immenfe fpace. Driftwood they likewife obferved in great abun- dance ; and the trees were large and not much rotted. . When they had reached the latitude of Toguan- tabeque, in 14 deg. 30 min. N. Capt. Town- ley, with 106 men in nine canoes, attempted to land ; but found the country defended by huge fandy hills, againll: which the waves beat high with incredible fury. The wind being fair, he coafted along the fhore for feveral days, and the ihips conunued to follow him with an eafy fail : at length, grown defperate, he ruQied upon a fandy beach, but the canoes overfet before they could reach the land. In this attempt one or two men perifhed ; fome had a leg or an arm broke, and others were very much hurt. How- Cyer^the majority having made good their landing, y u 2 dragged ii; "I* " \ : c f i#l 332 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. dragged afterwards their boats on (hore } but what gave them the greateft concern was, that all but thole who had been provident enough to leal up their cartouch boxes, had wetted their powder, and rendered their fire-arms ufelefs. This gave a damp to their enterprise j yet they prepared to penetrate the country, and to get light of the town of which they were in fearch : but either there was no fuch place, or their fears prevented their difcovering it ; for all that were alive returned on board the (hips without pro- curing a meal's provifions to refreOi the fick. After this fruitlefs expedition, they ftill con- tinued coafting to the weltward, with the wind at eaft- north- ead, till they came to Tangola, a fmall ifland where there was good anchorage j from thence they failed toGuatulco, a feaport in lat. 15 deg. 30 min. N. the bed in Mexico. On one fide of the entrance into this harbour there is a fmall ifland, and on the othei' a hollow rock, through which the billows as they pafs produce a horrible roaring, and, being com- prefled againft the fides, are forced through a hole at the top, and rife like the waters of an ar- tificial fountain to an incredible height. In this harbour there is good anchorage. It is about three miles in depth and one in breadth, runs in north-weft, and on the wcft-fidc fmall (hips may ride land-locked fecure from wind or weather. At the bottom of this harbour, Drake found a fine rivulet of water, near a village, of which hardly any traces remained, except the ruins of • - • a fmall ril :,i! f 3. 5 but J, that ugh to d their ufelefs. et they to get fearch i sir fears lat were ut pro- ; fick, lill con- ;he wind ngola, a :horage \ . feaport Mexico. harbour a hollow |they pafs [ng com- irough a of an ar- In this is about I, runs in lips may weather. found a I of which [e ruins of a fmall Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 331 ^ fmall chapel enclofed in a fine grove of trees that gave it a very venerable appearance. Here the fick on board the (hips were brought afhore ; and here a project was formed to travcrfe the country, and plunder the inland towns; but, after travelling 14 miles, and feizing two or three Indian guides, they could only find a little vil« |age, where fome vanellos were drying, the cods o( which are held in great clleem by the Spa- niards. They grow upon vines that creep like ivy about trees of greater magnitude, and flou- riih in the bay of Campeachy, as well as in thd country of Guatalco-, but the Indians keep the method of curing them a lecret to themfclves. The Indians of this village could fpeak but little Spanifh, appeared to be a poor harmlefs people, had neither gold nor filver among them, nor could they tell where thofe precious metals were to be obtained. It was therefore to no purpofe to purfue their march through a country, rich, indeed, in natural produdlions, but deditute of cultivation, and almod without inhabi- tants ; they therefore returned to their (hips ; and, while the fick were endeavouring to regain their ftrength, the healthy employed themfclves in providing 'nece(raries to continue the voyage. On the 8th, four canoes well manned fet for- wards to the port of Angels, with orders to wait there till the arrival of the (hips. In the mean time their inftrudions were to take fome pri- fonei-ii. On ,1. .fM lift? ■km f f f ;. -A tew- i" IL-rs '< (5 ■ I 334 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. On the 1 2th, the malignity of the diftempcr with which they had been long afflided being abated, and the fick in a fair way of recovery, the fhips fet fail in order to follow the boats. The boats, however, had miftaken the harbour, and two of them, in attempting to land at a place near which they had obferved fome cattle feeding, were overfct in the beach, and with dif- ficulty got out again to fea, with the lofs of one man drowned, and fome others hurt. They loft likewife four of their guns, and fpoiled their am- munition ; and, in a very dillrefTed condition, the next day met the fhips. The other two ca- noes parted from them in the night of the 9th, and had not rejoined them fince. The harbour of Port Angels lies in latitude 15 deg. N. and is open to all winds, except thofe from the land. The Spaniards had compared it to that of Gua- tulco i but there being no fimiiitude, the boats had pafTed it without knowing it •, and the two that were miffing had rowed as far as Acapulco before they difcovered their miftake. When the fhips arrived before the harbour, the miffing boats were ready to join them j and there ap- pearing to be plenty of cattle at no great dif- tancc from the fhore, 100 men were landed to fupply the fhips with beef. The country round this harbour exhibited a moft delightful profped ; the hills were covered with large and lofty trees, the plains with a moft beautiful verdure, and the favannas interfpcrfed H^-ith rills and rivers, on the banks of which were ', i' •li; 1. y< c mpcr )cing very, 3oats. hour, I at a cattle th dif- )f one ey loft ;ir atn- dition, ;wo ca- Ke 9th, larbout . and is le land. >f Gua- ^e boats the two capulco V/hen miffing ere tip- eat dif- nded to kibited a covered Ih a moft irfperfed lich were linn\«nc5 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 335 innumerable little (hrubs, the beauty and variety of whofe flowers furpafs defcription. Here they made no doubt of being furnilhed with whatever their wants required. In lefs than four miles march, the party that were landed met with a grazing feat belonging to Don Diego de la Rofa, in which they found ftore of fait, and a confi- derable quantity of maize, but 00 inhabitants, the family having fled on the firft appearance of a delbent. They found alfo poultry in abun- dance, and hogs or cabritos without number. Here they feafted for two or three days, and every man brought away as much as he could carry •, but the ruggednefs of the road, and the '"weaknefs of the company, debilitated by fick- nefs, prevented their improving fo favourable an opportunity to the belt advantage. They relinquifhed with relu6lance many good things which they had in pofleflion, more than fufH- cient for prefent enjoyment, but too cumberfome to be conveyed to the fliips for future ufe. In the harbour of Port Angels there is good riding in 13, 20, and 30 fathom water. The flood rifes about Eve feet, fees to the north-eall ^ and the ebb at fouth-weft. The 27th in the morning they fet fail from Port Angels, and in the evening came to an an- chor in 16 fathom water, under a fmall rocky iQand flx leagues to the weftward of their for- mer ftation, of which ifland the Spaniffi books give no account. The next day they weighed and continued their courfc -, and, being a-breaft ot i--.ii \>ii ■v : I'l^i;.' i I m S'/pl":' m ^^6 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. of a fmall lagune whence the milTing boats had a few days before taken a quantity of fifh, they ]ay to, and fent in a boat with i2 men to bring off a more ample fupply. Tne Spaniards, on marking the trim of the (hips, fufpeded their intent; and, concealing themfelvcs behind a rock at the narrow entrance of the lagune, dif- charged a volley of fmall arms at the boat juft as it pafTed the place of their ambufcade, by which five of the crew were dangeroufly wound- ed. Alarmed at this fudden attack^ and finding it impoITible to retreat, becaufe of rae narrow- nefs of the channel, they pufhed forwards into the lagune, where they could lie out of gun- (hot till the enemy difperfed, or till they fhould be relieved by the vigilance and valour of their own people. In this fituation, however, they continued two days and three nights ; till at length Captain Townley, fearing fome difafter had befallen them, manned his canoes, and, beat- ing the Spaniards from the rocks, opened the fuficrers a free paflage to the fea. Their joy was the greater, as the pains of the wounded men began to grow intolerable -, and, had they not then been relieved, they muft in another day, nay, fome of them, perhaps, in a fcvf hour?, have died in the greateft agonies. This lagune lies in latitude 16 deg. 40 min. N. On the 2d of November they paffcd by a re- markable rock, called by the Spaniards the Al- gatrofs i five or fix miles to the weftward of which are fevcn or eight white cliffs that ferve to « • s. s had they bring Is, on , their lind a e, dif- lat juft de, by vound- finding jarrow- ds into of gun- ^Jhpuld of their er, they i tiU at difafker id, beat- incd the 'heir joy vounded had they another a fcv^ IS. This by a re- Is the Al- kward of |hat ferYfi to Captaik DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 337 t& diredl mariners to avoid a dangerous flioal Ilretching about a league and a half Touch- by- weft. A little farther to the weftward the Spa-^ niards have ereded a brcaft-work upon a fmall ifland at the mouth of a fair river, which at that time was defended by 200 men. They manned ^heir boats, and being determined to land, the Spaniards, afier firing 20 or 30 (hot, deferted the ifland, and left the channel open. They entered on the weft fide, and found plenty of fait laid up in cabbins forcurip.gthc fi(h which they catch in the lagunes, but in what manner Dampier could not conceive, for he neither faw hook, line, net, boat, or canoe. At the diftance of three leagues from the entrance of the river they came to a houfe in which was a Mulatto fervant, who in- formed them, that at Acapulco there was a ftout ihip from Lima •, and that a little higher up the river, there was maize and cattle in abundance, to which place he offered to be their guide. On this intelligence a contention arofe be-' tween the commanders. Captain Townley, who was in want of a better (hip, propofed to fail im- mediately to Acapulco to make hirijfelf matter of that from Lima \ but Captain Swan was firft: for procuring provifions to enable them to fub- fift while they were purfuing the grand objeft they had in view, that of intercepting the Ma- ^ nilla (hip which every year comes conftantly from the Eaft Indies richly laden, and arrives nearly at a certain feafon oflf the fouthermofl: point of California in her courfe to Acapulco, Vol. L X X As v:.'^"^'i;. m 9 9 ;ii f^ 338 Cawtain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. As quedions of this kind are always decided by numbers among voluntary adventurers, Captain Townley's propofal was not only feconded by his own crew, but alfo by the greateft part of Captain Swan's. They accordingly returned to the fhips with all expedition, and let fail on the 5th, and on the 7th came in fight of the high land of Acapulco, a porteafy to be diftinguifh- ed from all others, by means of three hills, the middlemofl: of which rifes like a fugar loaf, and the weftermoll: of the other two has on its fum- mit two hillocks which fhew in appearance like two paps. When the Ihips came to the diftancc of about 12 leagues they brought to, and Cap- tain Townlcy with 140 men embarked on board canoes with a view to feize the Lima (hip by ibrprize, before his own (hips fhould come in light. They had hardly failed four leagues before there arofe fo dreadful a tornado, that thofe on: board the fhips thought themfelves in the utmofb peril of their lives, and every one concluded that the boats muft peridi. Happily, however, they weathered the llorm ; but were driven in greats diftrefs into Port Marquis, a tolerable harbour about a league to the eailward of Acapulco. Here they llaid to dry their cloaths, and refit their furniture, and in the night of the follow- ing day they rowed foftly into Acapulco har- bour ; ** and, becaufe they would not be heard,** fays Dampier, " they hauled in their oars, and *'^ paddled as foftly as if they had been feeking «(■ manatee*. « t Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 339 "*• manatee. They paddled clofc to the caftle ; ** then (truck over to the town, and found the " (hip riding between the breaftwork and the ** fort, about 100 yards from each. When ** they had well viewed ^ , and confidered the ** danger of the dcfign, they thought it impof- " fible to accomplilh it ; therefore thty paddled *' foftly back again till they were out of com- *' mand of the forts, and then they attempted •' to land, but were oppofed by a company of " Spanilh foldiers, who fired at them, and kept *' them at a diftance from the (hore till day- *• light ; when, taking a view of the town and •* caftle, and not liking their appearance, they •• returned on board, tired, hungry, and hearti- *• ly mortified at their difappointmcnt." Acapulco lies in 17 deg. N. on the weft-fide of the continent of America, famous for its trade to the Eaft Indies, and to Lima i in which trade three (hips are annually employed •, two of them are (o regulated, that each has the ad- vantage of the trade-winds that blow between the Tropics, both in going and returning to their re^'pedlive ports. The third is employed in fupplying the other two with Spanilh goods from Lima, and in bringing to Lima the In- dian merchandize and money brought from Manilla. On the I ith, the (hips failed from Acapulco, and continued coafting along the (hore to the weft ward. Near the fea-fide the land is low, but rifcs gradually till within land it appears to X X 2 touch '' H' i\-''''<\ ■ill' I '11" M- t .,,i(. '■■(i 340 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES, touch the clouds. Though the ground is clean and the anchorage good at a mile from land, ye: it is defended by breakers that render the fhore inacceffible, except at the utmoft hazard of men's lives. Jn their paflage, obferving a cluder of little round'hills a little to the weft- ■ward of the promontory of Petaplan in 17 deg. 20 min. N« they examined the coait narrowly, and difcovered a fmall river, at the entrance of which they landed i 70 men, who, after march- ing about 14 miles up the country, came to a wretched Indian village, in which a Mulatto woman and four children were the only living creatures left. Thefe they brought to the ihips; and, by the intelligence they received from the old woman, they proceeded to the har- bour of Chcquetan, from whence fhe conduced them, through a pathlcfs wood9 to a farm-houfe, where rhey tound a caravan of fixcy mules lad- .en with flour, chocolate, and chcefe ; all which, together with Ibme oxen, th^ey brought down 10 their canoes. The cargo of the caravan they inHiantly conveyed on board the (hips } but the oxen, with eighteen cows which they afterwards feized without oppofition, they firft killed and cured, and, having divided the whole into lots, every (hip's crew took their own fhare on board. On the 2 id they quitted this fortunate har* bour, leaving the Mulatto and her four children to their fate. On the 25th, they paffcd a lofty hill divided into peaks, in lat. i S deg. 8 min. N. ^. « V *% . neaf f I ES. is clean n land, jdcr the hazard •rving a ic weft- 17 deg. arrowly, ranee of r march- me to a Mulatto iy living i to the received )thc har- 5ndu6led m-houfc, ules lad- U which. It down van they but the ter wards lied and ole into hare on it " ate har- children d a lofty min. N. ncaip '* .■> 4\ ' •.■'-'• r^ .»■» m I >i y-y^: ui' s li m ii Of' Captaim DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 341 near which the Spani(h maps place a town called Cupan, which however they could not find i af- ter a Ihort ftay in fcarch of it, they proceeded along the coalV, till on the 28th they came in fight of the volcano of Colima, in lat. 1 8 deg. 36 min. N. at the foot of which is fituated the rich town of Colima, from whence it takes its name. Of the valley by which this burning mountain is furrounded, the Spaniards give a moft luxuriant defcription *, but our navigators found it abfolutely inacceflTible from the fea ; for the furf ran fo high, and the breakers ap- peared fo formidable, that the bolde/l of them durfl: not attempt it : they therefore very re- luctantly quitted the neighbourhood, and pro- ceeded in quell of Sallagua, the bay of which they difcovered in lat. 18 deg. 52 min. N. Here they landed 200 of their bed men, who were op- pofed by a body of Spaniih foot, fupported by a party of horfe ; but, on the firft charge, the foot gave way, and the horfe foon followed. In the purfuit the Englilh were led into a broad road, and followed it, through a woody and rocky coun- try, to the didance of tour or five leagues, with- out feeing houfe or inhabitants. In their way back they met with two ftraggling Mulattoes, who told them the road led to the city of Oar- rah four days journey off, and the foldiers whom they had defeated were fent from thence to ef- cort the paffengers from India that were expec- ted to land in Sallagua bay, from on board the Manilla ,<•! t*l^ 242 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. Manilla (hip that every year touched upon that coafl. Encouraged by this intelligence, they hadened to embark -, and, fetting fail on the 6th of De- cember, (leered diredly for Cape Corientes, at the height of which they expected to meet their prize. In this pafTage, Dampier, who had hi- therto by temperance preferved his health, was feized with a fever and ague, which at length terminated in a dropfical diforder that was very near carrying him off, and which carried off many of the men. The dropfy, Dampier fays, is a general diforder on this coaft, and the na- tives pretend that the Hone of the alligator dried and powdered, and drank in water, is an infal- lible remedy. The fame receipt he found men- tioned in a Mexican almanac i but could find no alligator to give it a trial. On the nth of December they came in light of Cape Corientes. It is of a moderate height, flat and evtn at top, cloathed with woods, and projecting into the fea in deep cliffs. It is laid down in the Spanifh maps in latitude 20 deg. 28 min. N. and longitude 230 deg. 56 min. W. from TenerifF, or in 121 deg. 41 min. W. from the Lizard-point in England. They were now four fliips in company. Cap- tain Swan and his tender, and Captain Townley and his tender. Thefe were all properly ftation- ed to gain intelligence ; but, provifions growing fhort. Captain Townley's bark was difpatched with 60 men to travcrfe the coaft to the weft- ward « t Captain DAMPlER'sVOYAGES. 343 ward of the Cape, in fearch of fomc town or village where their wants might be fupplied. On the 1 7th the bark returned, being unable to weather the cape, or make any ufeful difcovery. She had left, however, four canoes with 46 men, who determined to double the cape, or perifh in the attempt. On the 1 8 th, all the {hips quitted their fta* tions, and failed for the ifland of Chamctley, about 16 or 18 leagues to the eaftward of the cape, to take in wood and water. On thefe iflandslive the fifhermen, who, as the Spaniards fay, fifti for the inhabitants of the city of Puri- fication. On the 20th, they anchored between the idands and the main in five fathom water, clear fand. Here they caught plenty of rock-fi(h, but faw no inhabitants. On the aid Captain Town* ley with about 60 men went to an Indian village about feven or eight leagues .0 the weftward, to endeavour to procure provifions ; and next day Captain Swan returned to his ftation off the cape. On the 24th, the four canoes who had doubled the cape, returned to the cruifers, and reported, that they had rowed to the bay of the valley of Valderas, or Val d' Iris, and had landed in the garden of the world, where they found fruits of the mod delicious flavour growing wild in the plains, and where the cattle were feeding at large among the ftreams of water that flowed mean- dering in the favannas, and lod their waters among the fined groves of trees they ever be- held 5 but when they marched in purfuit of the beeves 111 '.• -^ ii'J' jHr-t'i i'ii y ■ %ofc who d them, ce where tuated in he com- earch of a body y armed, made Captain DAMPIER'a VOYAGES. 349 made but a faint oppofition, and fuddenly re- tired. While the £ngli(h were in purfuic, the enemy played oflf a ftratagem that greatly an- noyed them. We have already mentioned, in the voyages of Captain Sir Francis Drake, the nature of the grafs that covers the iavannas on the idhmus of Darien between the North and the South Seas. Such was the grafs with which the purfuera were furrounded, when the Spaniards fet it or fir^ nd, being dry as ftub* ble, it burnt wic. illo;: dng fury, ana ;/iead with fuch rapidity, that it was with the utmoli: difHcuhy the whole party efcaped being involved in the flames. This difafternot only made them more cautious, but occafioned a delay, which gave the Spaniards time to coiled: their foirce and to make a more formidable oppofition. When the Engliih arrived the next day at the village of which they had intelligence, they found it occupied by an armed garrifon, whom it was neceffary to overcome before they could enter % but as the Spaniards were, for the moft part, deftituce of fire-arms, and the Indians wholly unexperienced in their ufe, the advan- tage the EngliQi derived from that circum-^ (lance foon decided the conted in their favour. The enemy fled after the lofs of fome of their leaders, and left the conquerors maders of the place, having only one man killed with an ar« row, and their furgeon forely wounded. They were told by their prifoners, that, about dve leagues from the town of which they were now I'M '•! I*- ' 'Hti h}l « ' p . 1 . I U :(, i ,1;^ :-! I ''. I m- [h :■■ .1 tit- 350 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. now in pofTefTion, two rich gold mines were wrought by Indian flaves belonging to the Spa- niards of Compoflella, the moil confiderable Spanifh city in that diftri^. It was not now a time to fearch for gold, when they were in want of every kind of food, except the beef they had cured at Valderas. Their chief fearch was now for maize, and having plundered the vil> iage of all they could find, they conveyed it to their boats with great labour; and next day quitted the lake, and returned on board the fliips. This lake is laid down in latitude 23 deg. 3omin. N. ' • ^- On the 2d of February, Captain Swan made another excurfion with 80 men in fearch of the river Rofario, at the entrance of which they landed, and marched to an Indian town of the fame name. Here they were told, that the gold mines were not above two leagues from the town *, but, like the cock in the fable, they re- jeded the pearl and chofe the barley-corn ^ about 90 bufhels of maize, and the other pro- vifions they found in the place, though infufH- cient for the purpofe of their intended voyage, were yet of more value in their prefent ncceflity than all the gold of Compoftella. On the 3d the (hips came to an anchor off the river's mouth of Rofario, in feven fathom water, oozy ground, in lat. 22 deg. 51 min. N. On the 7th, the Captain with his company came on board. The quantity of provifior.s which he had procured was but trifling for fo many c Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 351 many men; he therefore fent the next day a party in fearch of the river Oleta, but they re- turned without having found it. The river St. Jago was next attempted, and on the nth - they anchored in feven fathom water near the mouth of it, three leagues E. S. £. of the white rock of Maxentelbo, the high hill of Zelifco bearing S. E. This is one of the principal ri- vers upon the coaft, and lies in latitude 22 deg. 15 min. N. On the nth, 70 men were fent up the river to make difcoveries -, they fpent two days in ex- amining the creeks and inlets, and at length came to a large Beld of maize which they had begun to gather, when they fpicd an Indian who had been fent to watch the corn, whom they feized and carried on board, in hopes of gaining from him fome intelligence, by which they might obtain a more effedlual and fpeedy fupply. He told them, there was a town called Santa Pecaque, about four leagues from the place where he was taken, in which there was great (lore of provifions, and to which he un- dertook to be their guide. Captain Swan, over- joyed at the news, ordered 140 men to be in- ftantly embarked on board the canoes, and to proceed with the Indian as he fliould diredt; After rowing five leagues up the river, they came in fight of the town, when they landed in the night, and next morning fet out on their march by land. About 10, they had advanced within mufket-fhot ; and, having difpatched a party W'iii t 'i.t m VIM *»v 1 .,■' « h m 552 Captaim DAMPIER*s VOYAGESi party to reconnoitre, they found the town de« ierted, and entered it without oppofition. The town of Santa Pecaque is ieated near the P'^f of a wood in a fpacious plain, neatly built, with a fquare in the middle, on each fide of which the houf?s are furnilhed with balconies, from whence the inhabitants, in general, are fpec- cators of the frequent proceffions exhibited by the Spanifli priefts, in order to convert the In* dians, who are now almoft all becojne chriftians in the Spanifli fettlements. The town, though iinall, has two churches } and they were told, that about 70 white families conflmtly refided in it, befides thofe who occafionally came there as carriers from the mines, and as merchants from Compoftella. Thefe carriers furniih the adjacent miners with maize, fugar, fait, and falt- filh, of all which there was great plenty in Santa Pecaque. ^ Captain Swan being acquainted by an exprefs with the fuccefs of this expedition, and with the opportunity that now offered to fupply his wants* haftened to the town to give the neceflary orders. When he arrived, he divided his men into two parties ; one party he employed in conveying the provifions to the boats ; the other in plundering and packing up. Thefe he relieved alternately ; and when both parties were wearied out with this laborious fervice, they caught horfes, and, ^ having laden them with maize, difpatched them under a ftrong efcort down to the canoes. On t I rthe lUllt, dcof >nies, fpec- :d by c In- dians kough told, efided there chants (h the id falt- Santa :xprefs ith the wants* orders. to two ing the idering lately •, with s, and, dthem On CAt^TAiN DAMPIEk's VOYAGES. 353 On the 17th, when they arrived, the/ found the men who guarded the canoes in high fpirics, though they had been attacked by the Sp:!- iilards, and had one man defperateiy wounded. The party thit efcorted the horfes thought it bdvifeable, however, to reinforce the canoe- guard, left the Spaniards fhould renew the j^ttack. Next day they returned to the towr^, and the party left therein were preparing to con- voy more maize to the canoeS 5 but, before they fet out. Captain Swan underllood by an Indian \vhom they had made prifoner, that 1000 men ^vere ih arms in order to attack them, and that they were already advanced within three leagues of the place. Upon this intelligence, the Cap- tain advifed all his men to load as mtich maize as they could altogether beat aWay, and indantiy to depart in a body. With this advice they ab- folutcly refufed to cbriiply, beihgdtterrtiined not to leave Santa Pecaque, while a load of provi* fions remained within it. It was in vain to en- deavour to perfuade thofe whom he could nOt punidi for difobeyihg orders ; and, therefore, on the i9thj he fufFered 50 of them to depart with as many loaded horfes ; exhorting them, however, to march in a body, that they might be the better able to defend themfclves againft any fudderi furprize. They were equally deaf to advice and inftrudtion ; they purfued their old courfe, marching in a line, and every one lead- ing a fingle horfe. The Spaniards had remark- ed their manner of marching, and had placed Vol. I. Z 2 them* 1/ Mil :/'fiC'1 V'J '■'Hi 1 >ii ".iii J.I .. ... 554 Captain DAMPIER's yoyAGEJ. ,themrc;lvp^ in ambuQi tlieDreccding pight. Tlief had Tcf^rc^e t;r^yelled hj^u a ,lc^^ue fetorc th^fy were Tuddcnly fee upon, and every mjin cut ta pieces before they could aflemble to prepare for their defence. Captf\in Swan, who had heard the firing, hadened with his party to the place of adion i but on his approach he was (truck with horror at the fight of fuch a number of Jiis followers wclteriiig in their blood, ftr.ipt of their arms, and divcUed of their charge. The Spaniards, after the Qaughter, having pofleft themfelves of their mufquets, &c. feized alfo the loaded horfes, and inftantly fled. Though the party conimanded by Captain Swan did not .exceed the number of thofe already flain, yet they were fullered to pafs unmolelled to the canoes, on board of which they embarked, and, with the provifions they had already fecured, returned to the fliips. Among the flain on this ..Gccafion was Mr. Ringrofe, who wrote that part of the hiftory of the buccaneers that r^l^tes to Cappin Sharpe. ...... The flaughtLT of this unfortunate party dampt the fpirits of the furvivors, and difcou- |-aged them from attempting any farther defcents upon this coall. Is was therefore determined to fteer diredly for Cape St. Lucas on the ifland of California, where they might lie fe- cure from the attacks of the Spaniards, till the men were refreftied, and the fliips put in a con- dition to undertake a new voyage. , . ^. •. -■ : Th« 3. The/ :ut to are for heard : place ftruck nbcr of tript of ;. The poQeft ted alfo rhougH did not ain, yet I to the ,ed, and, fecured, n on this that part plates to te partj? d difcou- r defccnis stcrmined ,s gn the rht lie fe- till the in a con- Tha Captaiw DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 3/T5 The lake of California (for To it is called in the Spanifli charts) is cither very little known to the Spaniards, or very carefully concf alcd. Though they have mines open already mon: than they can work, in Mexico, Chili, and Peru, yet they arc very unwilling to allow other European powers to (hare the treal'ures of thofe countries, though they themftlves cnnnot ex- hauft them ; nor is it at all likely that any con- fiderable advantages will ever be made by others,- till by fome lucky chance a nearer palfipje in- to thofe feas is difcoveicd. *' Were I," favs Dampier, ** to attempt a north- welt paiiage, *• 1 would go firll to the South Seas, bend my *' courfe from thence along by California, .\nd *« that way feek a paffagc into the Weil-em ** Seas. If I fuccceded in my attempt, I fl *' 358 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. ifland being rubjeft to the Spaniards, they hatf no certainty of a fupply when they came thercj. All thcfc difcouragcmcnts ftaggered the moft forward of them ; and nothing could prevail with the majority but a promife from Captain Swan to cruife off Manilla, to intercept the re- gifter fhip, as foon as they (hould arrive in the proper ftation. To this condition Captain Swan was forced to fubmit, though much againft his inclination ; for he had no mind to commence plunderer at firft 5 and now he was heartily tired of the trade. . On the 31ft of March, 1686, they took their departure from Capie Corientes, the Cygnet, Captain Swan, with 100 men; and the bark> Captain Teat, with 50. At firft they fleered with a fmall land breeze at £. N. £. which car- ried them three or four leagues •, then the Tea- wind came on at W. N. W. and changed their courfe S. W. By fix o'clock in the evening they were nine leagues S. W. from the cape. About 10 the next morning they had the lea- breeze at N. N. E. fo that at noon they were 30 leaguesffrom the cape. It then blew a frefh gde, >^hich carried them into the true trade- wind. At firft they had it at N. N. E. and then northerly. At 250 leagues from the (hore it fettled at E. N. E. and there ftood till they came within 40 leagues of Guam. After the fecond day of their departure, hav- ing fine clear weather, and a frefh trade-wind; they crouded all the fail they could fpread, and had « t had moft cvaiV pta'm kc re- 1 the Swan ift his nencc' J tired a their ygnet, : bark> ftcered ch car- :he fea- ed their :vening : cape, the lea- were 30 a frelh ; trade- nd then {hore it ill they Ire, hav- le->A^lnd', jad, and had ^A^^T^A^f pAMPIER'^ VOYAGES. ^59 ^^d frequently obfervatipijis of the fun, moon, ^^nd ftars; io that they could calculate their jongitvilinal diftance by way of amufenacnt al- inolt every day. At their firft fettin^ out they fleered into the latitude of 13 de^. N. and it is remarkable, that in a run of more than 6700 mil^es in this latitude, they faw non.e of thofe fmall iflands that ai:c fo p^-entifully interfperfcd in the fame latitude on the oppofite fid^e of the Line •, nor did Commodore Anfon, who after- wards purfucd the fame track from Acapulco, fee land till he arrived at the iQand of Tinian. As they run at a great rate, and the wind had every appearance of continuing, after being ac fea about 20 days, the men began to grow cla- morous to have their allowance enlarged 5 with which the Captain was forced to comply, tho* he endeavoured to perfuade them to patience, and reprefented to them the danger of being be- calmed, of miffing their intended port, or of bet- ing refufed a fupply when they arrived. But none of thefe could prevail. The cry was for an augmentation, and an augmentation they had. Till the 20th of April their allowance was eight . fpoonfuls of boiled maize a man ; but after that it was enlarged to ten. Dampicr, who, as has been before noiiced, had long been troubled with a dropfical diforder, gathered ftrength by this fpare regimen ; but thofe who were in full health it very much weakened. He fays, he conftantly drank three times a-day •, but there were many on board who did not drink once in nine ■" -t :,. m I \. '^J::'/:] i-.^: li^ ;l»l\i.'. i'j n 'I ^ :tpi mm ¥^T' IS if MlM i ( t ■ IP If:, ;-| IM ^So Captaxn CAMPiER's VOYAGES. nine or ten days, and fome not in twelve ; ohe )it particular did not drink in 17 days, and then faid he was not a-dry, though he made water every day. Attiidft thefe hardships one poor fellow was found guilty of theftt and fentenced to receive three flripes with a two-inch rope On his bare back from every man in the (hip. Cap- tain Swan, Dampier fays, began firft, and ftruck ivith a hearty good will, and his example was foK lowed by all the reft ; a puniihment that muft make every feeling mind fhudder. Though by the Spanifh account the dillance from Cape Corientes to Guam is faid to be 2400 leagues, or 7200 English miles, yet Cap- tain Swan had perfuaded his men, that, by tlie Englifh account the difbance was only 1900 leagues ; and that, as Drake and Cavendi(h had run it in lefs than 50 days each, they with bet- ter built (hips might run it even in lefs than either of them : when, therefore, they had run the 1900 leagues, and the 50 days were nearly expired, they began to grow very mucinous ; and thofe who had declared againil the voyage from the beginning, exclaimed bittcdy againd the Captain, and againd all thofe who had per- fuaded them to undertake it. They had, during this long run of 6000 miles, feen neither* filb, fowl, bird, or inledt, except once when, at the diftance of 4975 miles from Cape Corientes, thty fpied fome ruabies, which they apprehend- ed had come from iflands or cliffs at no great diftance, though they never came in fight of any. \:f! the iti then water poor enced ipe on Cap- Uruck as fol* t muft iftance to be ;t Cap- by ilie f i^oct li(h had ith bet- ifs than lad run nearly tinous ; vopgc againlt ^ad per- during icr" fitb, at the )nentcs, Irchend- \o great [fight of any. Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 361 any. The Captain in the midft of thefe tu- mults gave them fair words *, told them, that it was probable, the Spanifh accounts might be the beft, and encouraged them by giving them hopes, that, as the breeze continued, a few days patience would put an end to their troubles. On the 18th of May they met with fome rain, and the clouds fettling in the weft foretold their near approach to land. On the 20th, the bark being near three leagues a-head, ran over a rocky Ihoal, on which there was only four fathom water. On the ftioal they obferved abundance of fifti fwimming every where about ; and Captain Teat imagining that land was near, clapt upon a wind with the bark's head to the north, and lay by tofpeak with the Ihip. When the fhip came up, Captain Teat went on board, and related what he had feen j on which, being then in lat. 1 2 deg. ^5 min. N. and Guam being laid down in 13 deg. N. they clapt on a wind, and fteered to the northward, very doubtful, however, of being right, as no (hoals near Guam are noticed in the Spanifh charts. They pur- fued this courfe, however, till four in the after- noon •, when, to their unfpeakable joy, they faw the iQand of Guam at eight leagues difance. ** And happy it was, fays Dampier, that we got " fight of it before our provifions were gone, " of which we had but enough for three days *' more *, for, as I was afterwards informed, the *' crew had combined firft to kill Captain Swan, «« and eat him, when the vidtuals were gone •, Vol. I. A a a ** and, h. iv. i . '^• I' - i*'H '^■■' ; :^'if; t h ^: I'; 1 " '; I i IHl. '^5 362 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. " and, after him, all of us who were acceffary •* in promoting the voyage." Nothing can exhibit a more ftriking indica- tion of the ferocity of man's nature, than the refoUuion formed by this abandoned crew. Af- ter a iorg fcries of enormities, robberies, mur- ders, burning of houfes and towns, expofing thtir tellow-cearures to want of food and (bel- ter, and fpreading teiror and dtvaftation where- Cver they let their fcer, they at length, diftrefTed and haltfamifhed thtrnlelves, begin to murmur againft their leaders, and the greater number combine to murc'er the lefler number, and to make food of their flefh. Need we, after read- ing this, have recourfe to thofe we call barba- rous nations for inftances of the favage nature of man ! The mod uncultivated of thofe eat only the flefh of enemies killed in war; but thefe wretches, who call themfelves chriftians, exceeded in their intention every horrid ex- ample we read of; they confpired to kill and cat their own Chiefs ! On the 2ift of May they came to an anchor about the middle of the ifiand of Guam on the weft fide. This is one of the Ladrone iflands. Dampier places it in 13 deg. 21 min.N. and com- putes the meridian diftancc of Guam from Cape Coricntes to be about 7302 miles; andfuppofes the South Sea to be of greater breadth by 25 de- grees than is commonly allowed by hydrogra- phers. It is about twelve leagues in length and four in breadth ; on it the Spaniards have a fmall fort « fary lica- \ the Af- mur- ofing (hel- 'here- relTed irmur imber ,nd to read- barba- nature )fe eat r-, but iftians, id ex- ill and anchor on the iidands. id com - Cape ippofes 25 de- |drogra- ,th and a fmall fort Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 3^3 fort of fix guns, garrifoncd by 20 or 30 foldiers, and commanded by a Governor, and one or two fubordinate Officers. The climate is healthy, and the natives aiStive, docile, and ingenious, and are the bed boat-builders throughout the Indian feas. Dampier believes their boats fail the beft of any in the world. He tried one of them by the log; and, by the rate flie ran in half a minute, computes her courfe at 24 miles within the hour. Thefe Indians are no lefs dex- terous in navigating than in building their boats. By report they will pafs to other iflands at 30 leagues diftance, do bufinefs, and return again in 12 hours. They had no fooner cafl: anchor than a Spa- nifli friar came on board, with three Indians : Captain Swan received the pried with great ci- vility, told him they came With no hoftile in- tention, but as friends to purchafe with their money provifions to continue their voyage. The prieft replied, that provifions were now fcarce upon the ifland, but would engage the Gover- nor to d9 his utmod to fupply their wants. They thought proper, however, to detain the padre till his promife was fulfilled. Next day a mefTenger was fent with letters and a prefent to the Governor, and in the mean time two boats were manned, one to filh, and another to purchafe cocoa-nuts ; the former re- turned empty, but the latter came back laden. The Governor, on the receipt of the letters and prefent, in token of friendlhip complimented A a a 2 the ni .->( 1 'iyrv' 1 ir'N'ii ! % !h ^® .*•*, :ji,.r t' ■M II.' ( ."''ft',' ^1 364 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. the Captain with fix hogs, 12 mufk-melons, and as many water-melons j and at the fame time fent an order to the Indians in the neared town to bake every day as much bread-fruit as the Ihips Ihould require, and to affift the mariners in ga- thering cocoa-nuts and other fruits; with which order the Indians very readily complied. Dur- ing this friendly intercourfe the Manilla (hip came in fight*, but, being firll feen from the fort, the Governor found means to apprize her of her danger, and Ihe flood off, and efcaped without being difcerned by the Ihips. But in lleering to the fouthward to avoid them, (he was very near fharing a worfe fate ; for fhe (truck upon the (hoal already mentioned, and, after three days ince(rant labour, floated off with the lofs of her rudder. During her diftrefs the men got intelligence of her fituation ; but Captain Swan, who had determined no longer to follow the infamous employment of plundering, found means to divert them from their purpofe of at- tacking her. On the 30th of May the Governor fent his laft prefent to Captain Swan, confiding of fome hogs, ajar of pickled mangoes, a jar of excel- lent pickled (i(h, ajar of ru(k or bread made of fine flour, and fix or feven packs of rice. In return, at his ov n requeft, he was furni(hed with powder and (hot of which he was in want ; but what he coveted mod was a fine Engliflx dog which they had on board, with which he ' >yas likewife gratified, The frier's civility was r^ward^4 C' ;,and e fent vn to ; (hips in ga- which Dur- a (hip )m the ize her fcaped But in [he was (truck I, after vith the he men Captain ) follow found of at- fent his jf fome if exccl- adeof ce. In rnilhed In want ; Englifli hicK he' ility was eward^cl Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. ^^^ rewarded with a brafs clock, an aftrolabe, and a large telefcopCi in return for which he fent the Captain fix hogs, fome bulhels of potatoes, a roalting pig, and half a hundred weight of fina Manilla tobacco. The (liips were plenti- fully fupplied, befides, with every thing the ifland afforded; cocoa-nuts and bread-fruit as many as the (hips could (low, and upwards of 50 hogs in pickle. Captain Swan was defirous of the Governor's letter to the merchants of Manilla, having a private view to trade, which he concealed from his villainous crew. On the 2d oi June, they departed from, Guam, directing their courfe to Mindanao, one^ of the Philippines \ a range of iflands extending in length from the 5th to the 19th degree of North latitude, and occupying in breadtli about fix degrees of longitude. The principal ifland in this range is Luccnia on the north, where Magellan, in his voyage round the world, was flain with a poifoned arrow, and where the Spa- niards made their firfl: fettlement, and eftablilh- cd at Manilla a mart of traffic with the richell kingdoms of the eaft. On the fouth, Mindanao is the principal ifland. It is in length about 60 leagues, and in breadth fifty. It is diverfified with hills and vallies. ' The hills abound with gold, and the vallies are covered with perpetual verdure. It is finely watered with rivers and fprings ; and the plains and lawns are interfperfed with groves of lofty trees, fome of which are formed + 'k Jiipi r. I ,t 'r'Kui m • '■"ii! f; 366 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. formed for fhade, and fome afford food for the inhabitants. Of the pith of one they make their bread, and of the fap of others they make a pleafant drink. The marlhy grounds abound with rice, and on the dry hilly land they cultivate yams, potatoes, melons, and a variety of vegetables unknown to Europeans. Their chief fruits are plantains, bonanoes, nutmegs, cloves, beetel-nuts, durians, jaccas, cocoa-nuts, bread- fruit, and oranges. The plantain Dampier calls the king of fruit, and prefers it to every other. The tree that bears it is between three and four feet in circumference, and rifes about ten or twelve feet high. When at its height, there fprings from the top a ftem about the fize of a man's arm, round which the fruit grows in clufters, in fhape not unlike the Turkey cucumber, the coat of which is of a yellow colour when ripe. The inclofed fruit is of a dc licate flavour, and melts in the mouth like mamalet. It is highly efteemed by ail Europeans, and all their lettle- ments are furnifhed with plantain walks, fome families fubfifting whohy upon that fruit. The bonanoe differs but little from the plantain , except in fize, being fmall and lefs lufcious. The nutmeg and clove trees are rare in this ifland, but thofe that grow are large and fine. The natives difcourage their growth for fear of exciting the jealoufy of the Dutch, who have monopolized the whole trade for fpices, and who keep in pay a company of armed foldiers 50 c f the and ink. d on toes, lown :ains, ians, es. ,g of z tree eet in welve jrings man's afters, r, the ripe. and ighly lettle- fome mtain, II n this fine, fear of have IS, and )ldiers Capt ain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 36/ to cut down the fpice- trees in the uninhabited iflands, left other European nations fliould avail themfelves of their plenty. Dampicrfays, that he has been afiured that. In Ibme of the eaftern illands, it is ufual to fee, at the (bedding time, cloves three or four inches deep under the trees. Of the beetel-nut all the Eaftern people are immoderately fond. It is the fruit of a tree that grows like the cabbage-tree to the height of ten or twelve feet, without either ^eaf or "branch, and then fends forth fhoots on every fide, among which the fruit is found in cluftery, on tough ftalks about the bignefs of a man's finger. It is larger than a nutmeg, and round- er *, they cut it, when green, in quarters, wrap- ping each quarter up in an arek-leaf, and chew- ing both together. It taftes rough, dyes the lips red, and makes the teeth black. The durian grows on trees like apple-trees, and are in fize as large as pumpkins, covered with a thick rind, which, when ripe, opens and fends forth a ftrong fcent, not unlike that of roafted onions. It divides into chives, each about the fize of a pullet's egg, theinfideof which is of the confiftence of cream, and muft be eaten in its prime, or there is no enduring; its ranknefs. The jacca differs very little from the durian 5 only the infide of the former is yellow, and that of the latter white. The ifland of Mindanao abounds iikewife with animals of various kinds -, and, according to Dampier, is one of the moft plentiful iflands in 1 1 U'% m^: i: ' i :^ % ■v' '»Mi;jJ 3^8 Capta»n DAMt»IER*s VOYAGES; in the world % and, though fo near the Hquatofy being in 7 dcg. N. the air is temperate, enjoy- ing gentle fea-breezes in the day, and cooling land-winds in the night. Though they arrived on this coaft about the middle ot" June, yet it was the middle of July before they could come to an anchor. They were ignorant of the fituation of the chief town ; and, arriving lirll on the oppofite fide, had been all that time playing about the idand in fearch of it. At length they cad anchor near the river that bears the name of the iiland, and leads CO the chief city. They fired feven guns, and were anfwered from the fliore by three. They were prefently after invited by a Raja and one of the Emperor's fons, who demanded in Spa- nifli, who they were, and from whence they came ? They were anfwered by Mr. Smith (the gentleman made prifoner at Leon), that they were Englilh, and had been long from their country. They were told, they were welcome i and alked if they were come to fettle a faflory, and to open trade ? They faid, they came only to purchafe provifions. At which the Minda- neians appeared difconcerted. Captain Swan was fome time at a lofs to account for this cir- cumftance •, but he afterwards underftood, that a Captain Goodluck had been there fome time before, with fome propofals from the Eaft-India Company 5 and that, when he went away, he had given them fome reafon (hortly to expe(5t an Am- baffador from England, to complete the treaty. The iator« ;njoy« lOling Lit the ^July They town i 1 been fearch ar the d leads s, and They ind one in Spa- :e they ith (the at they n their Icome 9 fadory» ne only Minda- Swan his cir- )d, that le time ift-India , he had an Am- treaty. The Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 369 The Raja and Prince fat in their canoes j and, after half an hour's con verfation, took their leave, having invited Captain Swan a(hore, and pro* mifed to aflTift him in procuring provifions. There arc three fmall iQands called Meangis, within 20 leagues of Mindanao, that abound with gold and cloves ; and, while Captain Swan was beating along the coaft, in his f^aflage from Guam to the river where the (hips now were ac anchor, they were obferved by the Princes of that country, and known to be Englifh. The Prince of thofe iQands, having heard a good report of the Englilh, and fearing a vifit from the Dutch, fent fecretly his nephew to Captain Swan, to in- vite him and his company to come and fettle in his territories, offering every advantage in point of trade and fecurity that he (hould require. Nothing could have been more advantageous, both to the nation and the fettlers than this offer ; but Captain Swan paid no regard to it. As the feafon was now approaching when the wefterly monfoon was about to fet In, which would neceflarily oblige the fhips to ftay a con- fiderable time in the port of Mindanao, Captain Swan judged it his intereft to cultivate a good underftanding with the reigning Sultan. With this view he caufed a magnificent prefent to be prepared for the Sovereign, confiding of fcarlet- cloth, gold lace, a Turkilh fcymetar enriched with jewels, and a cafe of piftols, together with prefents of lefs value to his chief Miniflers-, and, being in readinefs, he fent them on fhore by Vol. I. B b b Mr. [:!' V^ |ili| !■ 1. !a 1 \'' i ■Tl '■■ ^S !, * : If', J,,.' 'm5 f . ! 1, '• ; m' mi ■" 370 Captain DAMPER'S VOYAGES. Mr. More, who failed with him from Londonr as chief fupercargo, when his defign was to-trade in the South Seas. Thefe prefents were gracioufly received. The Sulran made Mr. More fit down by him, and alked him many queilions concern* ing England, by means of a Spanifti interpreter ; and, after an hour's converfation, difmilTed him with marks of the higheft efteem. Next day Captain Swan was invited on (bore, and admit- ted to an audience in form *, when thjc Sultan ibewed him letters from the Eaft-India Com- pany, and defired to know if he came to fettle in confequence of thofe letters ? He talked with him much concerning the produce of his coun- try, and thenature of carryingon commerce*, and feemed highly entertained with the accounts he gave of it, and of the countries through which he bad pafTed, and the novelties he had feen. He was three hours in clofe converfation ; and, when he was difmifTed, was entertained by Raja Laut, the King's uncle, with a fumptuous banquet, after their manner, confiding of boiled rice, filb, and fowls. ■ :'v U'^y 5f„i.!-3,|y. :.>* uV> » On this occafion. Captain Swan was given to underftand, that, while Mr. Goodluck refided in that city, he had been robbed by a fervant be- longing to Raja Laut, and that the fellow ab- fconded till Mr. Goodluck took his leave ; but that he was now returned, and was ready to be delivered up to be punifhed, in fuch manner, and with fuch feverity, as crimes of the like nature are puniflied by the laws of England. But . . Captain. 9 9 ^:V i V 1. ' ■ ■: ;|| './■ J ! |- , r'^' s* 1 .'^"'i Y 1 ' 'f |;f ,'! ,;lk :'i it* ,1' ,f:ii. i/i J' ''ii ■ i ,■ -.4 t ' i 'i: ."i*'- '- i : 1: i| »■' ' ■J' '■^1' ■f% '■0- \> 4 ■ii ^si" ih mmi Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 371 Captain Swan told him, that in his country none but the injured party could profecute the ciimi- nal J and, as the man had committed no oifeme againft him, he could cake no cognifance of his crime. The Raja heard him with aftonilhment ; and, to (hew that the Princes of Mindanao were far from countenancing fuch pradices, he caulcd the fellow to be ftript naked, tied to a potl, and expofed a whole day with his face to the burning fun i while at the fame time the Mofl^iios con- tinually tormented him without a poITibility of being able to brulh them off; akind.of torture that few have hardinefs enough to furvive. This condefcenfion, in offering to deliver up the cri- minal to be puniftied by the Captain, was fol- lowed by a like offer from the Captain, with re- fpedt to any of his men who fhould offend againft the laws of the Mindaneians ; but the Minifter returned the compliment, and left the punifli- ment to the Captain himfclf, who, upon the leaft complaint, puniftied his men with a feverity that fhewed more of revenge than of juftice, and which they- afterwards took occafion to refenr. Among thofe who felt the effcds of his indigna- tion was Captain Teat, his chief mate who om- manded the bark that accompanied h'.m in his run acrofs the Southern Ocean •, and o:hers, who had offended him on board, he vciiicmlj^red, now he had the countenance of the court on fhore. Captain Swan was highly careffed by the Chiefs of Mindanao, and preffcd to ftay and B b b 2 . fecure ''V < 1' ''I '4 rl ' ■ » ■ ,t'': ' '■ V i ' ' i i •/In 'i \\f: H'.|»S h-r 1,K W ' SI r ' • Hi'-' ' ''■' . mm -■( / ^>- ■ 372 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. fecure his ihips from the approaching tempe(ls» which always attend the change of the mon- foons J and, as the river before the rainy feafon generally runs low, finding it difficult to float his Ihip over the bar, fifty or fixty Minda- reian filhermen were immediately fent with their canoes, to aflilt him in lightening his (hip, and floating her up the river. She was no fooner moored than a free intercourfe with the natives commenced. They expreflfed their regard for the Englifli by figns that were eafily underftood. When the Dutch were mentioned to them, ihey would fpread their fore-fingers- half a fcot apart, faying Bujeto^ they are fo far diftant in friendlhip: when fpeaking of the Spaniards, they v/ould fpread their fingers Hill wider; but when the "Englifli were fpoken of, they would bring their fingers quite ciofe, faying HamOt we are all one. They were very fond of getting the men to their houfes, where they kindly entertained them, after their manner, with tobacco, and beetel-nut \ and where thofe who had money, and were decently drefled, were prefixed to connexions with the befl: families, and courted by the young females to the moll familiar intimacy. To men who have long been at fea, fuch inducements are irrefif- tible ; and many of them made themfelves poor, by being too eafily drawn in by thefe allurements to fpend their money laviflily. Some who ac- fcompanied Harris from the North Seas had gold in abundance ; and the Mindaneian mifles, when they knew their power, very foon found the way to t f -•y^ non- rafon float inda- their , and Doner atives rd for ftood. , ihey aparr, dlhip: v;ould en the y their U one. their after t i and cently he bell les to o have irrefil- s poor, lennents Iho ac- id gold 5, when [he way to Captain DAMPlER*sVOY AGES. 373 jco eafe them of it. In Mindanao they had gold- fmiths and other artiticers, who charged double their value for luch baubles as thefe prodigals were for ever befpeaking to prefent to their fa- vourites ; befides, lome of them bought houfes, and hired fervants, and lived as profufely as the Raja himfelf, imitating the cuftoin of the coun- try, and having a pagelly or principal compa- nion, and half a dozen miftrefTes. It was not Jong before the town's people difcovered the true humour of Englifii lailors, and they like- wife took care to make their advantage of it. As they had no other but gold in lumps, when they wanted change, they gave them at the rate of II or 12 dollars an ounce. To others the fame gold was exchanged for 18 dollars. The price of provifion?^ and common neceffaries was in like manner enhanced by thofe fpendthrifts j and thus, fays Dampier, the poor were made to fuffer by the folly of the rich, ind a foundation was laid for impofingupon all Englinimen who ihould hereafter haye occafion to take up their refidence in that port. Captain Swan himfelf was feldom feen at any Other hoi^fe but RajaLaut's or the royal palace. At the latter he made frequent vifits, and at tlie former dined every day, attended by fuch of his men as had no money to ipend, who had rice in plenty provided for them, and fometimes the remains of fowls or pieces of buffalo, dreft in a courfe, and ferved in a hoggilh manner. The ^indaneians i^fe neither knives nor forks in eat- ing. :| Vt H -I ill: 't' ' H,, h nuM 1 |;''i 13< ^ -I i ),■'] I 'u *, J ■ im 374 Captain DAMPlEIVs VOYAGES. ing, and they cram their mouths with lumps as large as they can take in, thofe being accounted the genteelell who can open their mouths the widelt. The religion of Mindanao is the Mahome- tan, and when the (hips firft caO: amhor, it was their Ramadam^ which anfwers to our Lent, . when all fports and paftimes are fufpended •, on this account the Raja made an apology tor not entertaining the Captain with the ulual diver- fions of the country. The wet feafon too came on, which cauied a general fufpenfion of all out- door bufinefs. During the month of Augull the weather be- came tempeftuous, and the rains exceflive. The river fwelled and overflowed its banks •, and it was with the utmoft difficulty the fliips were prevented from driving on the main land, or into the open lea •, for trees of vail magnitude came floating down with the torrent, and fre- quently prelfed againft their bows with fuch weight, that they were in continual fear kit their cables fhould give way. During the time of thefe inundations the city ftands, as it were, in a pond, and there is no communication be- tween houfe and houfe till the floods abate. It was probably this circumfl:ance that fuggeiled to them the manner of conilruding their houfes. They are all buiir upon pofts from 12 to 20 feet high. Tht k poils are larger or fmaller according to the height or magnitude of the fuperttruflure. The Sultan's palace has but one M Si, 'El >i' « il- : ips as unted \i the home- lor, it • Lent, :di on tor not diver- lO came of all ther be- ^e. The , and i'-- ps were land, or ^ignitude and fre- ith fuch fear kit the time it were, ation be- bate. It rgelled to r houfes. 12 to 20 )r fmaller de of the » has but one Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 375 one floor, on which, however, there are many rooms, to which they afcend by ftairs from the ftreec. It (lands upon 180 pofts, and is twenty feet above the level of the ground. The ordi- nary houfes are alfo of one floor, and afcendcd by ladders. The roofs are all covered with pal- mcto leaves. The area beneath their houics is ufually fenced in, and there the poorer fort keep their poultry •, and there alfo is received the common draught 01 their fculleriesj and, were it not for the frequent inundations that carry off" the foil, the naftinefs of the meaner people would render living in Mindanao impoflible: but every crevice is fcoured clean by the vio- lence of the currents, which frequently overfet the houfes; though the pofts on which they ftand are funk deep in the ground. The inhabitants of Mindanao are, like all the Eaftern people, very clean in their perfons ; they conftantly bathe every day once, and fomecimeg oftencfi they wafli after every meal: and, if they happen to touch by accident any unclean thing, they have tlieir times of purification allotted, before the expiration of which they are not per- mitted to leave their chambers. Swine are held with them in abomination, and though they run wild in the woods, yet they are never eaten. The chief food of the people is rice, fago, plantains, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, and other nutritious fruits ; among the better fort, fowls and beef are ufcd rather by way of relifli, than as folid fubOftance -, \J-(A '■■f 1 1 :'i^4 i 1 j ; ■ 1 1 Ml il |R':J'if:jf'' IBkW ' '.'■ 'r ili li! t;6 CAptAiM DAMPlER's VOYAGESf.' fubfiftance ^ for they arc boiled to rags in thcif ftrange me(&s. The Mindaneians are of low ftature, fmall limbs, itraight bodies, little heads, and are of a brown copper colour. The women are fairer than the men, and their hair is black and long, and generally well drefled. Their vifage too is rounder and be:ter featured than that of the men -, only their nofes are fmall, and fo flat be- tween their eyes that the rifing is fcarce difcer. nible. At a diflance they look tolerable, but on a nearer approach thefe imperfedlions arc ra- ther difgufting. Their drefs confifts of a petti- coat and a loofe jacket. The fleeves of the jacket are long and wide at the ftioulderis, but floping down to their wrifts, where they are fo tight, that it is with difficulty they get their hands through in putting them on. They then rife in folds about the arm, and in that lies their pride. The better fort of people wear fine callico or filks; the meaner fort> an ordinary cloth madeof the plantain-tree, which they call faggen. The women, in general, (as has been noted) love the company of ftrangers, efpecially of white men *, and Dampier adds, that the men belonging to the ihips could fcarce walk the ftrcets without being pulled into their houfes. The chief artifts among them are goldfmiths, fiiip-builders, carpenters,- and fmiths ; all of whom are excellent in their way, allowing for the badncfs of their tools. Dampier gives a ^efcriptfoii of* their fmith's bellows, which is fimple Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. '},^^ fimple and ingenious. Ic is compof-d of two hollow cylinders, like the large wooden pipes ufed by us for the conveyance of water ; they are cut flat at boh ends, in length about four feet, and placed upright at the diilance of two feet from each other upon a ftone hearth before the fire. Within two inches of the bottom of each a pipe is placed, projcdling like a cock to- wards the fire, but bending fo as that the pipes from both cylinders meet and terminate in one before they reach it. Thus conftrudted, and fixed firm, a man with two light bruflies made of fea- thers, which he works alternately like two piftons, keeps up a continual blaft •, and with this fimple contrivance, without either vice or anvil, other than a large ftone or the butt-end of an old can- non, they fabricate their work to admiration. Their carpenters have neither laws nor planes, and yet they fplit and fmooth their boards with great neatnefs. This requires time, but their work is the more durable for it, becaufe the grain being unbroken the timber remains the tougher. In Mindanao there is only one mofque, or place of worlhip, and that but little frequented by the meaner people. In this mofque they have a contrivance fur ftriking the time. A drum of vaft dimenfions, Ihaped in form of a bell, is placed over a large hollow cavity, the head of which drum is covered with brafs, and called a gong. A certain number of men are appointed to attend this gong, who relieve each Vol. I. C c c other \.f %M ■y.^ '-. i:i^:::;l! '-i'4h , i^'K\.' 378 Captain DAMPIER*s VOYAGES. other alternately night and day, and with a flick as lar<^e as a man's arm, with a ball at the end of it, at certain intervals, they ftiike the gong, the found of which is heard from one extremity of the town to the other, and fupplies the place of a clock. The Mindaneians ufe circumcifion, and that operation is performed with great ceremony. The ufual time among the common people is about the age of twelve ; but the Princes of the blood are circumciied, like the Jews, at the end of eight days. On this occafion, the warriors all appear in arms, and, like Europeans at a re- view, make alham fight, for the diverfion of the fpcftators, in which both the Sultan and his General are principal performers. When the waters were fubfided, and the Ra- madam over. Raja Laut, the Sultan's brother, and General of his forces, to entertain Captaii Swan, aiTembled the dancers, who are women bred from their infaacy, like thofe in Europe, to that art. On this occalion, more than 50 of them were allcmbled,, who, being ranged in a ring, danced to their own mufic. In thefe dances their feet and legs are but little employed. Having no other than vocal mufic, they fing at firft folo parts in flow time •, but their chorufles are brilk ; and then their hands, arms, heads, and bodies, are all employed in fiich contortions, that one would think they were made without bones. Dancing and proceffions were the favourite diverfions among the Chiefs of this ifland ; and, Cdptair^ I Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 379 Captain Swan, in conformity to the prevailing talie, refolving to give an Englirti entertainment, ordered his mufic alhore, and fuch of his men as could dance were likewife ordered to attend. Accordingly, having hired a convenient houfe, he invited the Sultan, and Chiefs of the place, with their women, to be fpc6lators of the fplen- dor of the European dances. He had caufed the houfe to be huug round with the richeft filks, of which he had ftore on board ; and decorated it with gold andfilver-lace, which, when illumi- nated with a profufion of wax-can made a molt brilliant appearance. When il /mpany afifembled, they were {truck with amazement, and thought all they beheld was the cffed of en- chantment. Among the dancers, there was one Jack Thacker, a common failor, who at tlie mufic-houfes at Wapping had learned to dance a horn- pipe. This man attra£ted the notice of the Mindaneians more than all the reft, becaufc more in the antic manner to which they were accuftomcd. Him, therefore, they fixed their eyes upon, and confidered as a man of confe- quence. When they had fpent the beft part of the night in fealting their eyes and their appe- tites (for Captain Swan had ordered his cook to prepare a cold collation of fweet-meats, and other favoury diflies), they were (till unwilling to retire; and it was almoft daybreak before the Sultan retired, and, very unwillingly, was accompanied by his female train. Raja Laut and his women ftaid longer i and, it is faid, not- Cc c 2 withftanding ■J- ' t« m^^- J!.:.-'!'' i:, v-"'; ;> i V M' *' . IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 !f "^ 1^ I.I m ■AO u us us 1 1.25 111.4 III Ik ■ ^ 6" ^ V5 / Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716)372-4503 V iV ^ •sj \\ ■^-V >V^ > 6^ ^ <^% '>>^^ ^J^ /M ;\ ',*' .> ■M' ;>M T' ill »il'l«.,1 : III 380 Captain DAMPlER*s VOYAGES^; withlbnding his devotion to his prophet, drank plentifully of wine. Nothing was talked of fo much among the Mindaneiaris, during the ftay of the (hips, as the comic Englifli dancer, of whom Raja Laut was willing to know the hiltory •, and, having en- quired, was told by one of his companions, that he was an Englilh nobleman who travelled for his diverfion, and that all thofe who wore fine cloaths were gentlemen of inferior quality, who left their own country out of curibfity to fee the countries abroad. This harmlefs impofition, being told by the General to Captain Swan, who was of a morofe unfociable dlipofition, coft the poor fellow a hearty drubbing, though he was wholly ignorant of what had been told. He was firft ftript of his fine cloaths, in the prefence of the Raja, by his Captain's orders, and then ftript of his nobi- lity by flogging his back. It was not long, however, before the man was revenged. About the middle of November they began to prepare for their departure, and for that purpofe their firfl: bufinefs was to examine the (hips bot- toms the flieathing of which they found eaten by the worm like a honey-comb; and the bot- tom of the bark not being (heathed, was eaten to the timbers, and the veflTel thereby rendered un- ferviceable : application was therefore made to the Raja for planks to new Iheathe the Ihip. The Raja*s fincerity was never fufpedled, till this incicjent gave reafon for jealoufy. When he rsl' came I Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 381 came down to the river, and faw the carpenters ripping off the Iheathing, he Ihook his head, and feemed much difconcerted, declaring he had never before feen a (hip with two bottoms. His hope was, that the Ihip, like the bark, would have been eaten through, and that he fhould have had all her suns. A like accident had for- merly entitled him to a like advantage, when a Dutch (hip, by anchoring in the fame river dur- ing the weflerly monfoon, was entirely difabled, and never again put to fea. He was fenfible enough of the mifchief that would infallibly en- fue to the fliips by lying fo long among thofe deftruftive vermin *, for, whenever the natives difufe their veflels, they haul them up on the dry beach, burn their bottoms, and there let them lie, till they want again to ufe them. While fome were employed in ripping off the old worm-eaten planks, others were bufy in pre- paring new i and, by the beginning of Decem- ber, the (lieathing was repaired and tallowed. The latter part of the month was taken up in putting the ballad, llores, and guns aboard : this was a work of the greater labour, as it was firft neceffary to carry the fhip out to fea before it was undertaken. About the beginning of January they began to fill water, and to take in rice ; and application was made to Raja Laut to furniih buffaloes, as he had all along promifed to do. He now began to form excufes, and pretended to take men out every day a-hunting (for thofe creatures always run wild) •, but al- ways •! 'i: i!* v<\ H )'i; \n-ii V ill': t % t\m I 'il,*; -,■■■.! 5, t'i;'' i ii.: ss^ 382 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES.' ways came home empty, and pleaded ill fuccefsJ The Captain too began to a£t very myftcrioufly. By the help of the government on Ihore, he had got the ablolute afccndancy over his men, and was as implicitly obeyed as if he had been Cap- tain of a king's (hip. When he was importuned to declare when he intended to fail, he chofe to be filent *, and when the men wanted to know upon what enterprize they were next to be em- ployed, he reproached them with their eagernefs for piracy. He had fold Raja Laut ibme tons of iron and lead, and was to have had in return rice and beef; 9s to the firft, the Raja had failed in furnifhing the ftipulated quantity, and the lat* ter he had hitherto in no ihape fulBlled. The Raja had beHdcs borrowed of him 20 ounces of gold 5 and, when he required payment, the Raja demanded a much larger fum for his own board, and the board of his men. This treatment, and ihefe difappointments, ferved to difcompofe a mind naturally four, and to put him out of liumour with every body about him. All this while the wefterly monfoon was waft- ing that was to carry them on to India. The men began again to murmur, and grow unruly : fome, weary of rambling about, and who had formed connections with the natives, were for flaying at Mindanao : fome, who had hufbanded their money, of whom indeed there were but few, were eager to get home *, and others, who were poor (by far the majority), were for con- tinuing their ravages, and were impatient to b^ in aftion. While « Ill xefs* shad and Cap- ;uned ok to know B em- ernefs ; tons return failed lie lat- The ices of c Raja board» it> and pofe a 3Ut of waft- Thc nruly : 10 had :re for )anded but who r con- to be While •e Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 38^ . While matters were in this fituation, ftrong rcprefentations were made to the Captain to come on board, and to declare himlelf ; and, after many delays, a day was at length fixed for SL determination. In the mean time, thofe who were bent on re- turning home, forefeeing that continued extra- vagancies would neceffarily create new wants, and that new wants would require ntfw means of fupply, took occafion fecretly to purchafe a canoe, and formed a defign to depart in the night for Borneo, where, by a letter juft receiv- ed from thence by a Mindaneian velTel, they hoped to meet with an Englilh factory, and from thence find a paflfage home ; but Captain Swan getting intelligence of their defign, feized their canoe, and threatened to punifh for de- ferters all thofe concerned in the plot. Another party about the fame time,hearing that the (hip was abouc to fail, retired into the coun- try, to conceal themfclves till after her departure. The party on board, who had nothing but the fhip's allowance to fubfifl: on, became unruly, and fent alhore to the merchants iron to fell for arrack and honey, with which they made them- felves drunk, and grew quarrelfome. All thefe diforders, Dampier fays, might eafily have been redrefled, had Captain Swan exerted his autho- rity in time, and edablilhed proper difcipline on board the Ihip ; but he living with his mer<* ^hants conftantly on Ihore, and leaving every one I . ..:.:■ tf' .i.i(i!-l* <,. f'-'h^ 3«4 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. one to do as he pleafed on board, they encou- raged one another in their villainies, and at length grew mutinous. When thefe things were come to extremity, he gave orders that the whole crew fliould attend him on board the (hip, on the 13th of January [1687] i but, unluckily for him, two days before this meeting was to take place. Captain Swan fent his gunner to fetch fomething he had occa- fion for out of the locker of his cabin. This man, in rummaging for what he wanted, among other things happened to take out the Captain's journal, which, being laid carelefly by, was taken up by one John Read, (an ingenious young man, who likewife kept a journal) out of mere curiofuy to peep in it, to fee how nearly his and the other agreed. At the firft opening of the book he cafl: his eye on a part, in which the Captain had made a memorandum of the mutinous behaviour of his men in their paflage from Cape Corientes to Guam, and had particularly noted that of one John Read, a Jamaica-man, a namefake of the Read who took the journal, but no relation. This naturally excited his curiofuy to look far- ther, and he found means, while the gunner was bufy, to convey the journal away to exa- mine it at his leifure. As foon as the gunner was gone aftiore, John Read, the artift, Ihewed the book to John Read, the Jamaica man, and both of them held a confultation with their comrages on the contents. Thefe men, who were t . :ou- 1 at lity, tend uary etore Swan occa- This nong tain's , was :nious out of nearly aft his nade a of liis tes to if one of the lation. k far- ,unner :o exa- unner [(hewed n, and their , who were Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 385 were before ripe for mifchief, now grew out- rageous, and it was unanimoufly agrec'd to con- fult Captain Teat, who, as has been before noted, had received unworthy treatment from Captain Swan on (here, which, they knew, he only wanted an opportunity to refcnt. Teat left nothing unfaid to aggravate the failings of his fuperior, and to incenfe the company againll him. He reprefented him as proud, ignorant, avaricious, cruel, and vindidive, and withal cowardly, and unfit to command upon any bold and manly cnterprize •, called to their minds the oppofition he made to the attacking the Manilla fhip off Guam, by the conqueft of which they would all have been enriched •, and which, he faid. Swan did not oppofe out of a principle of honefty or gratitude, but from the fear of en- gaging a fliip fo much fuperior to his own in weight of metal and in numbers, though he. Teat, would have pawned his head to have been mafterof her in a few hours dole attack. Men whofe expe6tations have been raifed to an un- realbnable pitch, give eafy credit to unfavour- able fuggeftions againft the authors of their dif- apf jintment. The crew took fire, and inftantly bound themfelves by an oath to deprive Captain Swan of the command, without naming any offi- cer to fubfticute in his room j nay, lb precipitate was their refolution, that the majority were for fet- ting fail immediately, and leaving all that were on ihore behind : and this hafty refolve would certainly have taken place, had either of the Vol. I. D d d furgeons i,: " .0 ,JV >: ■fil-ii 386 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. furgeons been on board ; but, as their cry was for war, it was judged too defperate to go to fea without one ikilful perfon on board to alTift the wounded. As all this pafTed in the night, it was agreed to flay till morning, and then to fend a trufty meifcnger on fhore, fpeedily to requefl the fur- geons to come to the afljftance of a man who had broken his leg. The chief furgeon faid he Should fee the man the next day, and in the mean time fent his mate, Mr. Herman Coppinger, to his immediate relief. This man, a few days be- fore, was deeping at his miftrefles, when a fnake twitted itfelf round his neck, but quietly went away upon his waking without hurting him. Coppinger, fuppofing the accident real, made hafte to pack up his moveables to go on board •, and, as the Captain was to have his ge- neral rendezvous the next day, Dampier took the opportunity of going with him. They fcarce had mounted the Ihip's fide before they difcovercd the trick. But when the mutineers were thus in poflfeflion of the furgeon, they prefently difpatched the canoe to fhore again to invite all the men who chofe it to come on board, but with a flri(fl caution not to tell the reafon, left their defign fhould reach the ears of their Cap- tain. The 13th in the morning they weighed, and fired a gun. The Captain, much alarmed, im- mediately difpatched Mr. Nelly, his mate, to know the caufe. To him ^hey told their griev- an^esj ' M, 5. ^ was 50 to )amft agreed trufty be fur- n who laid he le mean iger, to days be- a fnake ly went ig him. 1, made go on e his ge- )ier took They ore they eers were prefentiy invite all ard, but Ton, left eir Cap- Ihed, and Imed, im. Imate, to leir griev* an^eS) Captajm DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 387 vances, and (hewed the journal ; he perfuaded them to ftay till next day to hear what the Cap- tain and merchants had to fay. They did fo, and Mr. Harthop came on board in the morn- ing. He advifed them to a reconciliation, and to take more rice on board. They were deaf to his perfuafion ; yet at his entreaty they (laid till two in the afternoon to wait for the Captain, and fuch gentlemen or feamen as chofe to ac« company them, but fufFered none to go a(hore9 except Mr. Harthop and a man with a wooden ieg. Dampier remarks, that, if Captain Swan had then come on board, as a man of fenfe and fpirit ought to have done, he might at the very laft have crulht their defigns, and reduced the mutineers to order and difcipline ; but being of afuUen, fufpicious, vindidlive temper himfelf, he dreaded therefentment of thofe he had marked for vengeance ; and therefore fufFered the time to elaple, and was with 36 others left behind in the town. Befides thefe, fix or eight had de« ferted, and were up the country •, and fixteen had died of poifon, given them, as was fuppofed, by the hufbands of thofe women whom they had feduced ; and there were others on board, ma had received the poifon, and died of it fome months after. In this manner their numbers were conliderably diminilhed, and of 150 who failed from Cape Corientes, not above 80 were now on board. It has been more than once hinted, that Cap- tain Swan failed from London with no de(ign of P d d 2 privateering, ■ra i i i ti: f f' V,' II.: h^ .',:■>■' ,< 'it' ■If' a u * 9 li ».: 5l i^v. 388 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. privateering, but of carrying on trade with the Spaniards on the weftern coaits of America. He had therefore a great quantity of heavy goods, fuch as iron and lead, not yet difpofed of, fome of which he had fold to Raja Laut, and no doubt was willing to have received the payment before he departed. This may, in fome meafure, ac- count for his delay. His crew was compofed of men, who, moftof them, had forced themfelvcs upon him for purpoles which he abhorred ; and perhaps, he wanted to have rid himfelf of the greatell part of them, if he could liave found a proper opportunity. Thofe marked in his jour- nal were, no doubt, the men motl obnoxious ta him, and the moft averfe to trade, v^hich he was determined to follow in his way home, having already 5000 1. of his owners money, which he had received for the goods put up by auftion at his firO: commencing buccaneer *, with this he purpofed to have purchafed a cargo to take with him from the Eaft Indies. Hence arofe his myf- terious conduct, and his want of refolution. The lofs of his bark was his embarraflment. Could that have been rendered ferviceabie, his defign could more eafily have been carried into execu- tion. The fufpicious part of the crew might have been ihipped on board the bark ; and by giving them a wrong track, they might have been deferted in the night, and left to their own courfe. But a difcovery being made before the Captain's defigns were ripe for execution, he was entangled in his own net. But r ith the :a. He goods, , Ibme 5 doubt : before ire, ac- Dofed of mfelves :d ', and of the found a lisjour- xious to h he was , having A'hich he r auftion. h this he ake with hismyf- n. The Could is defign :o execu- pw might and by rht have their own lefore the (iition, he But Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 389 But to return : On tlic 14 th of January, 1687, at three o'clock in the afternoon, they fct fail from the river Mindanao, and next day came a-breaftof Chambango, where formerly the Spa- niards had a fetclement, and where, it is faid» there were plenty of Swine and buffaloes. On the 17th, they anchored in a good bay on the weft fide of a imall ifland, where they chofe their officers, conftituting John Read the Jamaica- man Captain, Thomas Teat Matter, and Henry More Quarter mafter j and, having cut fome curious fhort-joinced canes, and plentifully fup- plied the fliip with water from aclearfpring, they purl'ucd their courfe ; but on ihcir pafTage they ftruck. on a rock, where after lying two hours, they were heaved ofi^ by the rifing of the tide, and efcaped with the lofs only of a large piece of their rudder, though in more danger thaa ever they had experienced in the v/hole voyage. On the 18th, they anchored at the north* weft end of the iQand of Mindera, in 10 fathom wa- ter. While they lay there a canoe with four In- dians from Manilla came along fide, who in- formed them, that at Manilla there was feldom lefs than 20 or 30 fail of (hips of different nations, who came to traffic with the Spanilh merchants -, and that, if they meant to trade, they might for a trifle have a letter of recommendation from a friar to whom they were carrying difpatches, and would in a few days return with his anfwer. Trade, however, was no part of their employ- ment} and the Indians were fuffered to pafs without moleftation, Ott I u-\ f 9 » I fete: 390 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. On the 23d, they reached Luconia, the ifland fo ardendy wifhed for by this piratical crew, and prefently defcried a fail, which they inftantly pur- fued and took. She proved a Spanifli bark from PangaiTanam, laden with rice and cotton-cloth, and bound for Manilla. The mafter of this prize was boatfwain to the Acapulco (hip that palTed by Guam *, this man gave Dampicr an account of all that happened on that occafion. The time of the year being too far fpent to effeft any thing of confequence on this coaft, they concluded to fail for Pulo Condore, and there wait till the latt ter end of May, about which time the Acapulco fhip generally arrives at Manilla. With this re- folution they quitted Luconia on the 26th of February; and, on the 14th of March, caft an- chor at the ifland of Condore, on the coaft of Cambodia. Among the produdlions of thefe iflands (for there is a clufter of them), there is a lofty tree, the body of which is in diameter three or four feet, from which the inhabitants extradl a clammy juice, which beini boiled becomes a pcrfedl tar, and anfwers all the purpoles of that balfam. On the i6th, they entered a conveni- ent harbour, and employed themfelves in careen- ing their (hips, in which they were alTifted by the natives of theifland, who brought them hogs and turtle in exchange for rice, of which they had now great plenty. While they lay in this harbour, two of the men died who had been poilbncd in Mindanao; they were opened by the furgeon, and their livers were Tr^ they lof the lanao; livers were Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 391 ^ere found black, light, and dry, like pieces of cork. Before they departed, they engaged an old native who could ipeak the Malayan language, to pilot them to Siam, where they expedted to purchafe dried fi(h, having nothing now but rice to eat at Tea. On the 2 1 ft of April they failed from Condorc, and, on the 24th, anchored in the bay of Siam, where, however, they could get no fifli. On the 2 ift of May they left Siam*, and, in their return to PuloCondore, overtook a Chinefe junk, laden with pepper, who told them that the Engliih were fettled on the ifland of Sumatra, at a place called Silleber, which was the firft intelligence they received of that fadory. This junk ac- companied them to Pulo Condore, where Cap- tain Read, obferving a Malayan veflcl at anchor within (hore, lent a canoe to learn from whence they came ; but, knowing the Malayans to be defperate fellows, cautioned his men not to truft themfelves on board, but to hail them from the boat : but the men, not regarding the Captain's inftrudions, went on board armed ; which the Malayans obferving, fell upon them unawares with their (hort daggers, and dabbed five or fix of them dead upon the fpot i the reft jumped into the fea, and faved themfelves by fwimming, among whom was one Daniel Wallis, who never could fwim before or fmce, but in his fright made ihift to reach the boat, and made Jiis cfcapc with the reft. Here Herman Coppin- .tj Mq *'irf,ri*:fji! »W' Si mm 392 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES, gcr, the furgeon, went on fhore, on purpole to leave this diabolical company *, but Read lent an armed force, and prefTed him on board.again. Dampier intended following his example, but v^aited a more convenient place. They were now confined at this ifland by ftormy weather till the 4th of June ; and in the mean time a Malayan Portugucfe from the junk entered on board, whom they entertained as an interpreter, to facilitate an intercourfe with the na- tives. When they weighed anchor, the wind was contrary ; yet they kept plying to the weft ward in hopes of its fliifting to carry them to Manilla, before their much longed-for prize (hould arrive. In this hop? they continued labouring inceflantly for 10 days 5 when, being almoll worn out with fatigue, and finding no probability of accom- plifiing their dcfires, they relinquiihed that pro- jed in defpair, and, inftead of it, flood away for Prata, in lat. 20 deg. 40 min. N. where they flat- tered themfelves with fifhing up much treafure from the China Ihips that had been cafl. away on that ifland, fome of which were faid to contain immenfe riches. But in this too they were dif- appoin:ed by adverfe winds ; and, notwithftand- ing the utmofl: exertion of their fliill in feaman- ihip, they were driven by the violence of the gale to the ifland of St. John, on the coaft of China. While they lay at this ifland they vifit- ed the fliore every day, and purchafed hogs, fowls, and buflPalocs. Some of the men vifited the continent, but found nothing there that an- fwcrcd their purpofe. )ole to d lenc again. e, but and by I in the [ic iunk d as an the na- ind was ward in /[anilla, I arrive. :effantly Dut with accom- hat pro- away for ;hey flat- treafure away on contain vere dif- thftand- feaman- of the coaft of ley vifit- ed hogs, n vifited that ah- Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 393 On the 3d of July they weighed anchor with a gentle breeze, but on the 4th there came on a violent gale from the north-eaft, which increafed till the dead of the night, when the rain began to pour down in fuch torrents that the fountains of heaven feemed to be opened, and a fecond de- luge threatened ; at the fame time the thunder began to crack, and the flalhes of lightning that pierced through the torrents of rain, appeared upon the face of the deep as if the fea was ovcr- fpread with a blue flame. The darknefs that fuccecded between the flafhes prefented the molt horrid gloom that ever covered the deep. The fea was raifed to an aftonifliing height, and the waves broke (hort upon the Ihip with fuch vio- lence, that it was thought every fucceeding bil- low muD: have dafhed her to the bottom. One fea (I ruck away the rails of the head, and at the fame time diflodged the fheet-anchor that was lalhcd with its fluke over the bend of the (hip in the ftrongeft manner, and it was every mo- ment expected to beat a hole through the (hip, by ftriking againfl; her bows. It then became neceflfary to (leer right before the wind, to en- deavour to fecure the anchor ; and it was im- pofllble afterwards to change the courfe till the ftorm abated. The fury of the ftorm abated about four in the morning, about which time they obferved what the failors call a Corpus Sant at the mail;- head. This meteor is feen at fea, fometimes at the maft-head, fometimes at the yard arm, and fometimes upon the deck. When Vol. I. E e c it Vi I'M I 11: i w ( .1, '■■',' 1 s . t m ' ( j ■ k< I! ''mi S9A. Captain DAMPIER*s VOYAGES* it appears aloft it is like a ftar, and is taken for a good omen ; but when below, it refembles a glow worm, and always dreaded as a bad fign. The crew was overjoyed on feeing it at the very . pinnacle of the fhip's fane. From two in the morning till feven they kept fcudding before the wind ; but the wind gradu- ally dying away, and the fea fubfiding, they fee their mizzen, brought the (hip up upon a wind, and lay to under their mizzen till eleven, when for two hours there enfued a perfed: calm, yet the fky looked black and lowring. About one the wind Ihifted to the fouth-wcft, and began again to blow hard, with violent rain. They furled up their mizzen, wore (hip, and fufFered her to feud before the wind, as before, till ten at night, when the wind ceafed, and before morn- ing the fea was calm, and the (ky perfeftly fe- rene. This ftorm, however, difpirited the crew, who were now driven out of their knowledge, and were anxious for nothing but a place of (bel- ter to preferve them from the fury of a fecond hurricane, which they had rcafon to expert to- wards the full of the moon. They confulted their fea-charts, and conclud- ed to (leer for the Pifcadores, iflands fituated in lat. 23 deg. N. of which, however, they knew nothing but the name. On the 20th of July they came in fight of them ; and when they ar- rived were aftonilhed to fee fo many junks paf- fing and rc-pa(ring as were continually in fight. They followed fome of the largcft into a fpacious harbour. iS. icn for iblcs a id fign. ;he very ley kept i gradu- they fct a wind, n, when ilm, yet Dout Oiie id began i. They I fufFered till ten at >re morn- rfeftly fe- the crew, lowledge, ceoflhel- a fecond xpeft to- conclud- ituatcd in tiey knew of July n they ar- unks paf- y in fight, a fpacious harbour. Captaiw dam PIER'S VOYAGES. 395 harbour, which brought them to a confiderable town, fuch as they did not exped to have found among iflands fo little known. On their at- tempting to land, they were met by a Tartarian officer, who demanded, whence they came, of what nation they were, and whither they were bound ? And being told they were Englifh, and driven there in diftrcfs, they were kindly enter- tained 5 but were told, they muft not come on ihore; but whatever neceflaries they wanted, (hould be fent them on board without delay. Mutual civilities were exchanged. The (hip was fupplied with th9 beft provifions th^^y had ever tailed ; and th«^ Captain in return fent a curious Spanilh filver-hilted rapier, an Englifli carbine, arut ar gold chain, as a prefent to the Governor. They ftaid till the 29th, and then direfkcd their courfe to a clufter of iflands that lie between Formofa and Luconia, the place they ftill fet their hearts upon. Qn the 6th of Au- guft they came in fight of the iflands they were in purfuit of, and, contrary to cxpedation, found them well inhabited. On thefe iflands were plenty of goats and fwine, but very few birds or poultry. It is an obfervation of Oampier, founded on reafon and confirmed by experif-nce, that, in countries a- bounding in corn and maize, birds and all man- ner of fowls are bred in abundance *, but in thofe iflands where the inhabitants fubfifl: chiefly on. fruits, roots, and fifli, birds wild and tame are inore r^re, E e e a As * I ■'I Hi":. t^M h'.-j'Wi,^-'^ m i •"h'^7■ ^^^^'■''Ui il I I:) S96 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. As thefe iflands were without names ia the Tea- charts, Captain Read called them all by one general name of Bafliee I (lands. The fituation of their towns was remarkable. They were built on precipices inacceffible on every fide, except by ladders placed at the ends of the (Ireets, which all ran in lines parallel to each other, and on which the houfes rife in ranges one above ano- ther, till they terminate in a fingle row. The inhabitants of thefe iflands were acquainted with the ufe of iron, and they had amongft them a yellow metal that very rnuch refembled gold, for fomeof which Captain Read exchanged iron 5, and Dampier laments that he could purchafe none of it, bccaufe he had nothing to beftow in return. They were very ingenious, had large fifliing- boats, and lived in a peculiar manner different from any people they had yet vifited. They were not very delicate in their food ; for they would gather up the goats-lkins and goats- paunches which the men threw away, and would finge, broil, and eat the former ; the latter they would ftew (not over nicely cleanfed), and, mincing raw fifli very fmall, would mix the mefs together, and with a little fait over it, make a very favoury meal. The paunches of the fwine they never touched. They appeared to be very cleanly in their perfons, and withal fo honed and good natured, that they would take nothing but what was given them •, nor were they ever out of humour with the flrangers, though they had often caufe enough, nor with one another; No f ' ia the 3y one luation e built except ftreets, er, and ve ano- . The ed with them a d gold, ed iron V )urchafe eftow in ad large manner : vifitcd. lod ; for d goats- d would ter they 1), and, he mefs make a he fwine be very honcft nothing hey ever agh they another^ No Captain DAMPlER'sVOYAGES. 397 Ko provocation could incenfe them to anger ^ nor any opportunity induce them to theft. They brought conftantly every morning goats, hogs, potatoes, and fruits, to the (hip, which they ex- changed for iron, nails, old hoops, or bullets. Thus the crew of the fliip fared fumptuoufly every day, and falted 70 or 80 hogs for future ufe. Thefe iflands lie in lat. 20 deg, 2 1 min. N, Being now iufiiciently ftored with provifions, and having filled their caflcs with water, after (laying from the 13th of Auguft till the 24th of September, and after having mended their f^ils, ^nd fcrubbed the (hips bottom, they were pre- paring to fail, when a violent dorm came on, which forced them to cut their cables and put to (ea, leaving fix of their beft men on (hore. They put before the wind with their bare poles 5 but it was the fjrft of Odlober before they could recover to their former ftation. On the following day their fix men were brought on board by the natives, whom they rewarded with three bars of iron, a prefent to them more valua- able than fo many bars of folid gold. The men reported, that, as foon as the (hip was out of fight, the natives were more kind to them than ever •, that they endeavoured to prevail upon them to cut their hairlbort, like theirs *, and that they offered to each the choice of a wife, with a fmall hatchet, a fet of planter's tools, and a portion of land for each of them to cultivate by way of dowry *, and, when the (hip came in fight again, they then importuned them for iron, which was $he only recompence they required. This <:'! • rf ■:■';<=■ :j!- 1 1* '.■'„■! V'.j\ ■■'■■ '\'' ami 'iii#»!-' iu, [M. t wm 398 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. This fecond ftorm quite difconcerced all their meafures. They began to think that the winds and the waves were employed againfl: them, and were terrified with the thoughts of their un- happy fituation. Mod of them were heartily weary of being toft to and fro to no manner of purpofe, and were very defirous cf getting home: only Read and Teat were determined to make their fortunes at whatever rifque •, they therefore, finding the crew refolute to leave this dangerous coaft» perfuaded them to accompany them to Cape Comorin, where, if they difap- proved of their proceedings, every one ihould be at liberty to follow his own courfe. To this they all agreed ; but thefe freebooters, fearing to meet Englifh or Dutch ihips in the direfb road, propofed to coaft along the eaft fide of the Philippines, and fo, keeping fouth towards the fpice iQands, to pafs into the Indian ocean near the ifland of Timor. With this view they fet fail on the 3d of Odlober, 1687-, and leaving the ifland of Luconia on the weft, " with all our «* golden projedts," fays Dampier, " along *« with it, we ftood to the fouchward till we •• came in fight of the ifland St. John on the *' coaft of Mindanao, and on the 1 6th came to **^ an anchor on the foutheaft fide of that ifland." "While they lay in this bay, the young prince of Meangis, formerly mentioned, came on board, and importuned Captain Read to tranfport him and his men back to his own ifland, promifing to reward him handfomely for his trouble. He faid» m 1 their winds n, and :ir un- leartily iner of getting irmined ;•, they ave this )mpany f difap- fhould To this fearing »e direft ie of the rards the ;ean near ;y fet fail ving the dU our " along till we In on the canae to It iQand." prince of in board, [port him iromifing lie. He faids Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 399 iaid, that a few days before he had feen Captain Swan and fome of his people all well at the city of Mindanao i that they had accompanied Raja Laut in a military expedition againil his ene- mies, and had acquired great honour and were in high favour with the Sultan •, that Captain Swan was preparing to leave the ifland ^ and that he had offered 40 ounces of gold for a ihip to carry him off, but did not think the Kaja would fuffer him to depart. Captain Read promifed to Hay for the prince three days, and in that time he engaged to return with his men< In the mean time Dampier took occafion to found how the crew ftood affedted towards their old Captain, and found one party, who happen- ed to be filling water afhore, very well inclined j and he defired them to be filent till he had con- fulted the other party whofe turn it was next day to fill water at the fame place ; but one of the company, who appeared to be the motl zealous in Swan's favour, as foon as he got aboard dif- covered the fecret 5 on which Read and Teat ordered all hands on board and weighed di- reftly. Dampier fays he was afterwards informed, that Captain Swan and his men continued long at Mindanao*, that MelTieurs Harthop and Smith, merchants, both died there ; that Rofy and Nelly, his .mates, got palTage in a Dutch (hip to Batavia, and from thence, after va- rious adve;ntures, to Europe*, and that Swan himfelf, with his furgeon, endeavouring to get ^ , on Ml V im a: m^ ^''si: 111 400 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. on board another Dutch (hip, were run down and drowned by the natives by order of Raja Laut, who feized their gold. Among other reafons afTigned for this treachery, Dampier mentions Swan's threatening, on fome provocation, to raife a band of men to deftroy the town, and feize upon the country. Be this as it may, the poor Captain loil his life, and the Raja kept his money. Part of his journal, as far as Cape Corientes, was recovered and preferved by a Mr. Moody, of whom mention will be made here- after. On November the 2d, the day the prince was to have come on board. Captain Read fet fail, and (lood to the well, till on the 9th, the wind changing, they came up with the north eaH: end of the ifland of Celebes, in lat. 3 deg. N. 30 leagues to the fouthward of Gilolo, on the weftern fide of which lie the clove iflands of Tidore and Tern ate, the fineft in the world. At the fouthermofl: end of Celebes the town of Macafler is feated, the chief place of trade in thofe .parts belonging to the Dutch. They anchored in a fandy bay on the fouth- eaft fide of Celebes, where they found a creeping kind of vine, the leaves of which pounded and boiled with hogVlard is an infallible cure for old ulcers. The men, knowing its virtues, crammed their chelh with it*, and one man, whofe legs were ulcerated, was perfedlly cured by the ufe of it. Here they cut down a tree 18 feet in circum- ference. Captaim DAMPIE^'s voyages. 401 flitncc, and 44 feet in clean body. It proved tinfound, and therefore unfit for the purpofe they intended it, which was that of a canoe i they therefore left it, and fet lail. On the 30th, they failed fouth; and in the afternoon they had a violent tornado, and faw a fpout. This phenomenon appears at Brit like a fmall ragged cloud, hanging (loping from a black heavy cloud above, fmall at the bottom^ feemingly no bigger than a man's arm. Un- derneath this the lea begins to be in gentle agi- tation, and gradually proceeds to foam and froth till a violent whirling enfues, and the! it flies upwards in a pillar, the bafe of which may be about one hundred paces in com- pafs, but lefTcning gradually till it decreafeal. to the fize of the fpout, with which it meets, and through which the rifing fea-water fcems toi be conveyed to inCreafe the cloud. As foon as the water reaches the fpout, you then fee the cloud, that was at reft before, drive along mzh mcrediblc fwiftnefs, fucking up the water in its courfe, and caufing a furious wind to fly before it. Thus it will continue fometimes half an hour, fometimes longer, till breaking off, all the water that remains below the fpout falls down again into the fea, with a dreadful noifc and violent agitation of the waves. Dampier relates, that one Captain Records, of London, being onl the coaft of Guinea, in the year 1674, in a (hip of 300 tons, was overtaken by one of thefe fpouts, which broke before he could well furl kis fails to receive it. On its breaking, it made Vol. L F f f th& ■'ifl ■'.\ 'ii r,v ili'ii ''A '■1 , 1 MU < ! -;»•' 402 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. the fame kind of noife as if a caftlc or feme im- menle building had been plunged from a great height into the fea, and railed the billows in proportion to its height. The fury of the wind, at the fame time, took the (hip on the (larboard bow, and Inapt oif the boltfprit and foremaft both at once like rotten (licks, and drove the (hip along ready to overfet her ; but the (hip prefently righting, and the wind whirling round, took her again on the oppofite quarter, and fnapt the mizzen-mad as the fore-maft and boltfprit had Wen fnapt before. Three men were in the fore top when the fore-mad broke, Jind one on the boltfprit, when they fell into the fea i but all were faved, and the (hip with dif- ficulty carried into port. - ' ■ , December id, they continued to move (low- ly along, and on the 4th they came up with the north-weft end of the ifland of Bouton, where their (Irikers killed fome turtle, and brought with them an Indian who conduced them to a harbour, where they had an interview with the Sulran, and where they were permitted to purchufe whatever they wanted, and where Captain Read was prefcnted by the Sovereign with a little boy who had a double fet of teeth, one fet within another, on each jaw. On the 1 2th, they took leave of the Sultan, and were about weighing anchor-, but when they cxpcded it to rife, being hooked to a rock, the cable came home without it. As foon as they were loofe, finding the anchor irrecoverable, they fleered to tlie fouth-eaft, and fell in with fomc m Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 405 fome iQands five or fix leagues from Callafufung harbour. They appeared very green •, and as they pafled them in the night they heard drums beating, but whether for mirth, or fprcading an alarm, they knew not. • " On the 20th, they pafled the ifland of Omba, and faw in it many fmoaks by day, and fires by night, but obferved no inhabitants. From Omba they pafled by Timor, where, meeting with tornados and fl:rong gales of wind, they endea- voured to get clear of the (hoals, and Itood off fouth, intending to touch at New Holland to try what that country would afford. On the 4th of January, 1688, they fell in with the coaft of New Holland in lat. 16 deg. 50 min. S. and, (leering clofe in, came to a point from whence the land trends eaft and Ibutherly for 10 or 12 leagues, but how far foutherly Dampier fays he does not know. That able navigator, however, pronounced, that, if it was not a continent, it neither joined to Afia, Africa, nor America. They fell in upon the welt fide, and examined but a fmall part of this vaft trad of land, of which Captain Cook, in his late voyage round the world in the Endea- vour, traverfed the eaftern coaft for near 2000 miles, and has left it flill doubtful whether it is ifland or continent. There is a remarkable dif- ference between Dampicr's dcfcription of the part he vifited on the weft, and tiiat defcribed by Captain Cook in the fame latitude on the caft fide. " The land," lays Dampier, «* is of •« ^ dry fandy foil, deftitute of water, except F f f 2 *' yow Pi :. ,h ■:4 m ■ \'i . i ■ill i,'^'' M" 'I ;»« ■Hf^ 404 Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. •» you make wells. There are divers forts of «' trees ( but the woods are not thick, nor the •« trees large. Moft of them were dragon-trees, *' of the fize of apple- trees — we compared the *' gum with the gum- dragon we had aboard, •* and found it the fame — we faw no trees that " bore fruit. We faw no animal, nor any track *« of animal but one, and that was of a bcaft of the fize of a maftitF-dog — few land- birds, and none bigger than a black- bird — few fea-fowls— «* few filh, turtle and manatee excepted. The in- *' habitants are the moft miferable people in the •' world — without houfes — without cloathing — •« without conveniences of any kind— and, fet- •* ting afide their human Ihape, very little diflfe- ♦• rent from brutes. They are tall, ftrait bodied, •* thin, and fmall limbs ; they have great heads, •* roundfore-heads, and large brows. Their eye- *' lids are always half-clofed •, they have great bottle-nofes, full lips, wide mouths,and the two fore-teeth in the upper jaw wanting in all of ** them*, but whether they draw them out or not, I know not. [Captain Cook fays, thofe on the Qppofite fide have their teeth entire.] They are long-vifaged — without beards — of an un- pleafing afpeft, with no one graceful feature *« in their faces—their hair black, (hort, and curled like negroes — and their colour coal- black. They live in companies, 20 or 30 men, women, and children, together— their •' food is fi(h, and their manner of catching them is in weirs acrofs little inletsof the fea,in which every tide leaves feme— they have no inftru- *^ ments cc C( <( cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc the weft (oats with )ply their ive upon. ,e iflands |9th, they .ve chace, proved a lin, laden hey took bored a :eping the four Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 407 four men prifoners^^ All this coaft is known to the Engliih by the name of the Weft-coaft, with- out adding the name of Sumatra ; and the priib- ners (hewed the channels and openings to the iQand of Achin, where the Engliih had a fad:ory, to which many on board wifhed to find a pafTage. The 4th of May they came in fight of one of the Nicobar iflands, the fouthernmoft of which lies about 40 leagues to the N. N. W. of Sumatra. The inhabitants of thefe iflands are independent of every other people, and trade with the fliips of every nation indifferently that happen 10 touch upon their coaft. Their chief commodi- ties are ambergreafe and fruits, the former of which they adulterate abominably ; and Cap- tain Welden, who touched at thefe iflands a few weeks before their arrival, purchafed fome at a low price that was worth nothing. On the 5th of May they anchored at the N. W. end of the ifland of Nicobar, properly lb called, in lat. 7 deg. 30 min N. Here Dam- pier quitted the free-booters, but not without fome difficulty. He knew it was impofllble to do it by ftealth j and therefore afked Captain Read, as foon as he learned that the (hip was about to fail, to fet him on fhore on this illand. He fays, he had another motive for ftaying at this particular place, befides that of leaving Cap- tain Read, which he always intended, and that was, that he had here a proiped of commencing a profitable trade for ambergrcafe with thefe people, and ,/i l^ r^' I, !■ . . ) ,1, '.:; J;. i'i'i^: *i; Mil *s-i > I ,1' p I, ^ 408 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. and of gaining a confiderable fortune to himfelf s for, by rowing witli the natives, and conforming to their cuftoms and manner of living, he ima- gined he (hould be able to learn how they got their ambergreafe, and Ukewife the whole fccret of preparing it. Captain Read, thinking this as obfcure a place as any, and being willing, no doubt, to be rid of a man who was for ever ex- citing the company to oppofc him, very readily confented ; and Dampier as readily took him at his word. In an inftant he got all his moveables together, and (towing them in the (hip's canoe^ he prevailed upon fome of the people to row him a(hore, and to land him on a fandy bay, near to which were two houfes, but without inhabitants. He had not been landed an hour before Captain Teat and three or four armed men came to fetch him on board again. He tells us, that if a cabbin- boy had been fcnt for him he (hould have return- ed ; but he no fooner entered the (hip than he found the whole crew in an uproar, feveral others^ encouraged by his example, infifting to be fet a(hore likewife, among whom was Herman Cop- pingfT, the furgeon, who having jumped into the boat with a gun in his hand, fwore he would ihooc dead the (irft man that'oppofed him ; yet John Oliver, the quarter- matter, leapt into the canoe to him, and wrenched the gun from him : he was prefently followed by others, who forced Coppinger again on board. When this tumult was appeafed, and the furgeon again in their pof- feflion, they fu(Fered Dampier, with two other male- Captain DAMPIFR's VOYAGES. 409 malecon tents (a Mr. Hall, and a failor named Ambrofe), to depart quietly •, and the man who rowed them on Ihore, having concealed an ax, gave it them at parting, well knowing what a valuable prefent it would be to conciliate them to the Indians. Thefe three Engliflimen were foon joined by the four prifoners taken, from the Achinefe proa,!and the mongrel Portuguefe, for- merly taken from the Chinefe junk, all of whom Captain Read fet on (bore before he departed* They were now eight in number ; and, having concluded to leave the iOand, and row to Suma- tra, at 40 leagues diftance, they purchafed a ca- noe of the natives for an ax *, and, having pro* vided a fufficient quantity of provifions for their fubfiftence, they all embarked on the 20th of May, in order to proceed •, but they had no fooner put to fea than the canoe overfet, and turned bottom upwards. Being near the fhore they preferved their lives by fwimming i buc though the EngiiQi recovered their cheits and fire-arms, yet their books and papers were mi- ferably defaced by the fea-waterj their powder efcaped without injury, being feakd up. Though this accident feeined an unfortunate outfet, yet it proved the means of their future iafety j for while the Englifh were drying their books, and cleaning their arms, the Achinefe employed themfelves in fitting up their boat with out- leaguers, which are beams placed acrofs the body of the boat, projeding a yard or two over the iides, and united at the extremities by tranfverfe Vol. I. G g S boards ■' If 'I'M I'm ' ''M .'■ii 1 it ' k',; '.kI ' 1 fe If '1 ''^M \i.i'^ 't ■<:■'. '^ / :,: ■\r:^. ' ' -'^ri' "•■ 1% . - ' '"1 ■^,j;v'# ,'• ! *''' ' ■'^' ■ ■ j ^::m M ^:1 ii. ■■ I'i' i >''' '^aH ' ■^'S H '|',:|j^ ,■'1' ■ r '■ 'i ^b1 :' ; ^|a ''''■■ 1 ', 1 'hXi '■■ .> ^, 1 ■ f ^ •1^ ' ■ 1 ill ' ' ■' }i^m !i ^>^'4^^M ■vv i ;j3|!i|^n ,<■. ,|,. Ji|i'^^ ill «.:\ [' (^*!i''^;/^H li ' ■ '' '^'' ' '-''Jl^BH ' . [ '''1:^ f.' |, ''ii'^'^l :'ii; » id|M^fl l! ||H 11 ^^H |;:S i'mIH 'U!i i'll i^^^^l Ii tiill^H "V i I'M'*' If 1 V 't f il 410 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. boards jointed to the ends •, while thefe remain entire, the veflel can never over-fet. Befides the out-leaguers, the Achinefemen had provided a good flout mad, and had contrived a fail. And thus fitted out, on the 15th of May they again embarked ; but their provifions being exhaud- ed, it was necefTary for them to repair to a dif- tantpart of the ifland, to procure a fupply. Here a mifunderdanding arofe between them and the natives, which by the prudent management of Dampier was foon accommodated. He obfervcs, that there is not a people upon earth that he ihould be afraid to approach unarmed and alone, provided no previous injury had been done them by any of his company unprovoked. An Euro- pean has it always in his power to infinuate him- felf into the favour of the mod favage people by fome flight, by (hewing them fome toy, by Imiles and fubmifiion, and even by ftiewing them the fimple knack of lighting a match with a flint and deel. The only danger, he adds, is from their fird onfet, becaufe their way is to abfcond, and kill by furprize ; if therefore their fird fury can be avoided, the fierced of them becomes gentle as a lamb. The natives being again brought to good hu- mour, they were prefently furniflied with fuch provifions as they wanted •, and they again em- barked on their former projeft. At their firft fetting out, the wind was fair, and the weather hot i and they proceeded rowing and failing as occafion required, Mr. Hall and Dampier tak- ing Captain D AMPIER's VOYAGES. 41 1 ing it by turns to manage the helm. However, after two days labour, they found that they had fleered a wrong courfej and, inftcad of approach- ing Sumatra, they were but eight leagues from Nicobar. They then changed their courfe, but were dill fo violently oppofed by a contrary cur- rent, that on the third day they had made but little way. On the 1 8th the wind frefliened, and thelky began to be clouded. About nine in the morn- ing they had an alarming prefage by a circle round the fun, which in that climate is an in- fallible fign of an approaching ftorm. They therefore, after fome confultation, concluded to fland before the wind to whatever land was right a-head ; and for that purpofe they furled their fail, fettled the yard about three feet above the boat's fides, and in this manner prepared to re- ceive the ftorm. About 12 at noon the gale came on, and the wind continued increafing aU the afternoon. The fea fwelled to an incredible height, and often broke over the little fkifF (hardly fo big as a below bridge wherry, only a fmall matter deeper, but not fo wide), which, had it not been for her out-leaguers, could not have furvived a fingle moment •, but the thinnefs of her body, and the firmnefs of her out-leaguers, were her fecurity ; for the ftern being high and narrow, cut the rolling waves like the edge of a knife, and divided their force ; io that what fell in the IkifF came down like a fhower, and was wfily baled out by the Achinefe. The evening G g g ^ of ^ ..^1 ft 7.. '1, T n ll ■■^" :|MN 1 ' i 'L.4 Im. 412 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAEGS. of this day (hewed very dreadful. Dampier's own words will bcft defcribe his feelings : •* The (ky looked very black, fays he, being ** covered with dark clouds ^ the wind blew ** hard, and the fea was already roaring in a *' white foam about us } a dark night coming *^ on, and no Und in fight to (helter us ; aUd *' our little ark in danger to be fwallowed by ' ** every wave 5 and, what was word of all, none •• of us thought ourfelves prepared for another V worldf I had been in many imminent dan- •' gers before now, but the worft of them all *^ was but a play-game in comparifon with this. *' I muft confefs that I was in great conflidls of *' mind at this time. Other dangers came not <♦ upon me with fuch a leifurely and dreadful <' folemnity ; a fudden fkirmilh or engagement ** was nothing when the blood was warm, and •' puihed forwards with eager expedations ; but ' ♦* here I had a lingering view of approaching ^* deaths and little or no hopes of efcaping it % .** and, I mud confefs, that my courage, that had ** hitherto kept up, failed me here -, and I made *' very fad refledtions on my former life, and look- «« ed backward with horror and deteftation upon ^* adtions which before I difliked, but now I ** trembled at the remembr2;nce of them. I had ^ ** long before this repented mc of that roving •* courfe of life, but never with fuch concern as ** now. In this temper of mind, fubmitting ' ^' ourfelves to God's good providence, and tak- <* in?' all the c^re we could to pr^ferve our live-. (4 iS. mpicrs elings : , being d blew ng in a coming IS; aild wed by ill, none another ;nt dan- :hem all vith this, niiifts of :ame not dreadful ragement irm> and ons ; but iroaching ipirig it i that had dl made and look- tion upon ut now I m. I had at roving oncern as jbmitting , and tak- our live^, ^* Mr, •' ti ^•i '♦14 i li:,rlf i ,U^(l '■*■': emu f i^ n t« ■il.'i II ( Hi ) ■i- mi Ki !.. > ■i% kW" ■i^tmi MiK ■■■■ woi^ cc «c 4J4 Captaim DAMPlER's VOYAGES. •' We continued our courfe before the wind till ♦* eight in the morning of the 19th, and then *' one of our Achinefian friends cried out, Puia " IVay, We, thinking the fellow had faid Pull ** //wtfy, were at a lofs to conceive his reafon ; •« but prefcntly obferving his motions, we found •' he pointed to his companions to (hew them *' land. We, dropping with wet, cold, and *' hungry, were overjoyed at this fight. It bore •« fouth, and the wind was ftill at weft, a ftrong •« gale i yet with our fmall fail, no bigger than «« an apron, we changed our courfe, and bore up to it. Here our out-leaguers did us gr^'at fervice; and, though our boat's fide was «« preflTcd down very much, we could brook it *« well enough, and next day we ran to the *< mouth of a river in the iQand of Sumatra, *« called Paflfange Jonca, where all fell ill of fe- *' vers, of which fome died •, and 1 that furvived " wasawholeyearbeforelrecover'd my Itrength." Here they ftaid ten or twelve days, and were kindly entertained, becaufe the Achinefe told the natives, that they were prifoners on board the pirate as well as themlelves, and that they were all fet afhore together. Hall and Dampier were llrongly importuned tQ, ftay, to afllft in improv- ing their navigation ; but, longing to get home, they chofe to be conveyed to the Englilh fac- tory at Achin : a veffcl was therefore provided for them, and in three days they arrived fafe. Three days after their arrival, the Portuguefe died, »ii ^d till 1 then :, Pulo dPuU eafon } found them d, and It bore I ftrong ;er than [id bore us gr'^at ide was brook it I to the iumatra» ill of fe- furvived length." ind were ; told the oard the hey were pier were improv- et home, glilh fac- provided ved fafe. ortuguefe died, Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES, t^ died, and Ambrofe lived but a ftiort time fter him. Dampier arid Mr. Hall, after palTing ex- amination, were kindly entertained by Mr. Drif- cal, an I ri(h gentleman, interpreter to the fac- tory 5 and th-: four Achincfe were rellored to their families and friends. ' . . : , Dampier was fo drenched by a Malayan doc- tor, that he never expected to lurvive the effects of the potions he prelcribed -, yet after mere than fixty evacuations from one oofe, he gathered (Irength daily •, and, after his health was a liitle reftored, both Hall and he undertook to fail with Captain Bowry to Nicobar. This Capt. Bowry was the gentleman who fent the letter from Su- matra to Mindanao, already fpoken of, which involved a double milhke. Bowry imagined an Englidi factory to fubfid at Mindanao, and the Englilh at Mindanao, from Bowry's letter, ima- gined there had been an £ngli(h fadory at Sis« matra. They failed from Achin-road the be- ginning of June i but, a ftorm coming on, they prefently returned. About this time Captain Wclden arrived from Fort St. George ; and Dampier engaged to fail with him to Tonqueen, in China, and afterwards made a voyage to Ma- lacca. His next ramble was to Fort. St. George, and, after his return from thence, he came to Bencouli, an Englilh faftory on the weft coaft of Sumatra -, from whence, about the beginning of i6pi, he fet out on his return to England. After his return to Achin from his voyage to Malacca, he found there one Mr, Morgan, for- merly I , ti r ill m 'A I,);-: K'iv' -.-m: '4i6 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. merly belonging to the Cygnet, who was then mate of a Daniih (hip belonging to Tranquebar: and being curious to know the fequel of the ad- ventures of his old companions, was told by Morgan, that, when they left Nicobar, they di- re6bed their courfe to Ceylon i but, not being able to weather that ifland, they were forced to feek refrelhment on the coalt of Coromandel, where they began to form new projeds *, but their fchemes not fucceeding, about half their num- ber left them, among whom were Morgan and Coppinger, who both were entertained in the Dani(h fervice, and two or three others repaired to Fort St. George ; but the main body went up the country, and lided in the army of the Great Mogul, where a few of them continued orderl/ for fome time ; but Oliver, the quarter-mafter, and a party with him, foon left the camp, and rambled about, plundering and robbing the vil- lages, and flying whenever they were purfued. Captain Read, haying thus loft the better half of his men, after having filled his water and got rice, failed again, ftill intending for the Red Sea. He had taken off Ceylon a rich Por- tuguefe (hip, and had plundered her ot what he liked i but not being able to bear up againll the wefterly winds, he ftood for the ifland of Ma- dagafcar. There, after various adventures. Captain Read, with half a dozen of his fol- lowers, flipt away from the reft of the com- pany, and embarked in a (hip for New York. Captaiqk * < then icbar: icad- Id by icy di- ig able :o feck where t their r num- ,an and in the epaired vent up ,e Great orderl/ -mafter, np, and the vil- .irfued. tter half ter and for the ich For- what he aiiUl the of Ma- entures, his fol- ,he com- w York. Captaift Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 417 Captain Teat fucceeded Captain Read in the command; and, having joined Captain Knight, of whom mention has been made before, they failed fomc time in company ; but the Cygnet proving leaky. Knight r^avc her the flip, on which (he returned again to Madagafcar, and finally fur k in St. Augudin bay. "While Dampier was at Fort St. George, there arrived a fhip from Mindanao, laden with clove- bark, on board of which came Mr. Moody, as fupercargo. This gentleman, while at Minda- nao, purchafed the Prince of Meangis, of whofe country mention has already been made in the former part of this relation. This unfortunate Prince, with his mother, and fome attendants, had been driven off their own coaft by a ftorm, and had been feized at fea by fome Mindaneian fifliermen, who brought them to Mindanao, and fold them for flaves -, a common praflice among favage iflanders. The Prince attrafted the no- tice of Mr. Moody by the curious manner in which he was painted, and which, byDampier's defcription, exaftly correfponds with that ofta- taowing among the New Zealanders. His defign was to have brought him over with him to Eng- land J but Mr. Moody fpeaking the Malayan language, and being otherwife well qualiBed to manage the company's aflfairs at a new fadlory, he was perfuaded by the Governor of Fort bt. George to accept of the Chieffliip of Indrapore, in the room of Mr. Gibbons, who had juft re- figned in order to return home. Upon this un. Vol. I. H h h cxpedtd M'.v 'nmi im mm ■('*.!'! m T V' ■■,V. rffe 1 it'i.!:'(i''ii'. -y I' ii ; I!- 'iifi 418 Captain DAMlMFR's VOYAGES. txpefled promotion, Mr. Moody importuned Dampier to go with him to be his gunner, and, in order to encourage him thereto, promifed to purchafe a Imall ve(rel to carry the Prince and his mother to their own country, and to fend him as Commander, with full power to ellablifli a commerce with Meangis, which could not fail of turning greatly to the advantage of all con- cerned. This was a generous and friendly of- fer which Dampier could not refufe *, and ac^ cordingly he embarked in a company's coafting fhip, in which there were feven or eight officers paficngers, and about 60 foldiers for the new faclories. They had a pleafant pafiage till they came upon the weft coaft of Sumatra, when a (torni arofe, by which they were driven from their intended port, and forced to make the har- bour of Bencouli. At Bencouli they were all very kindly received, and the gunner of that fort being juft dead, Dampier was offered the poll, with a more ample falary than Mr. Moody, in a newly-eltablilhcd faftory, could venture to allow. Dampier confented to accept of this i^ppointmenr, provided Mr. Moody approved ot it ; and Mr. Moody, not being certain of being able to fulfil his engagement, fo far as the fame related to the Prince of Meangis, very readily gave Dampier leave to contrad with the Governor of Bencouli j and, at the fame time, lilligned to l.im a half-fhare in the two flaves, tiic Prince and his mother, that he might not be # Captaim DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 4 19 be a fufFerer by leaving Fort Sc. George to fol- low him. Matters being thus accommodated, Mr. Moody repaired to his ftation at Indrapore, and Dampier with the two (laves continued at Bencouli. They lived at a houfe in the town, and Dampier was accommodated in the fort. All this pafied in 1690; but, before the year was expired, Dampier grew tired of his office, and, wanting to get home, applied to the Go- vernor and Council for his difcharge. The Coun- cil thought it highly reafonable that his requeft fliould be granted •, and the Governor made no oppofition, there being at that time no (hip ia readincfs to carry him off: but, as he had fore- feen, when the Defence, Captain Heath, bound for England, came into harbour, he then made many excufes, and at length abfolutely refufed to permit him to go. In vain did Captain Heath remonftrate ; and in vain alfo did Mr. Goddard, the chief mate, interefl: himfelf in Dampier*s re- leafe, — the Governor was inflexible. The Defence had touched at Indrapore before fhe put into Bencouli ; and Mr. Moody had configned the other half-lliare of the flaves to Mr. Goddard, on having been previoufiy acquainted by letter from Dampier of his intention to fail for England. In confequence of this affignment, the Prince who fome time before had been attacked with an in- fedious diftemper, of which his mother died, and of which he was but juft recovered, was put on board the Dejence •, and it was privately agreed H h h 2 between W r,t' ^m 420 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. between Captain Heath and Dampier, that, if the latter could make his cfcape, the former would undertake to carry him fate off. Accord- ingly, when all the company's bufmefs was com- pleted, and the letters put on board, notice was given to Dampier of the precife time when the ihip was to fail \ " and, fays he, after feveral *' affays, I dipt away at midnight ; and, creep- ** ing through one of the port-holes of the fort, ** 1 got to the (horc, where the fhip's boat wait- '* ed for me, and carried me on board." On the 25th of January, 3691, they fet fail for the Cape of Good Hope ; and, the wind be- ing fair, they proceeded at firft very fuccefsfully: but they had not been long at Tea before the men began to droop, being attacked with a diftemper that ftole infenfibly upon them, and before they thought themfelves ill were ready to die. Dam- pier attributes this fatal diforder to the badnefs of their water, which was filled from a river fed by many noxious flreams from the low fwampy lands that in the dry feafon, as it were, drained their dregs into it, which at times were as black as ink. Befides, it was ftowed among the pepper in the hold, which heated it to that de- gree, that every morning when the men went to take their allowance, it was fo hot, they could hardly bear to hold a bottleful of it in their hands; " a thing fcarce to be credited, fays «» Dampier, that water Ihould be ready to boil •« in a fhip*s hold." This diftemper was fo univerfal, that not a man in the fhip was wholly unaf- s. tiat, if former xcord- ls corn- ice was len the feveral , creep- :hc fort, at wait- It r fet fail vind bc- efsfully: the men iftemper 'ore they . Dam- badnefs river fed fwampy drained were as nong the that de- 1 went to ley could in their ted, fays Jy to boil er was fo as wholly unaf- Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES, 421 unaffcdted by it j fo tl at when the wind blew a hard gale, there wanted hands to work the Ihip, Captain Heath, pitying the condition of his men, diftributed every day among them a quan- tity of tamarinds, fome jars of which he had brought with him from India ; and this was a very feafonable relief: but the wind coming fouth, and the paflage being already protradled to an unufual length, the Captain called the whole Ihip's crew together, to confult what was belt to be done in the prcfent extremity, and defired every man, from the higheft to the low- eft, to deliver his opinion freely. Thus all cir- cuniftanccs being duly confidered, it wasunani- moufly agreed at laft, notwithftanding the wind was then contrary, to proiccute their voyage to the cape« But as that determination would in- fallibly require a more than ordinary exertion of labour from thofe that were well, to fupply the place of thofe that were fick, the Captain pro- mifed a month's extra pay to every man who fhould afTift on all occafions that fliould require help, whether it was his watch or not i and this premium he engaged to pay at the cape. This offer was firft accepted by the Officers, and then as many men as were capable of duty entered themfelves upon the roll. In a fhort time, ic plcafed God, fays Dampier, to favour us with a fair wind, which being improved to the bell advantage by the ince0ant labour of thofe new- lifted men, wafted us in a (hort time 10 the cape i and, being brought fafe to an anchor by the affil- tance t:«i Hnl •1 ^ fit.™ III '■■)• 31''i ^ mm ■mM\ 'j^i2 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. tanceof lOO Dutch failors, who unbent the fails, and did every thing for us they were required to do, the fick were prefently fent on fhore, where they remained about fix weeks, and all but three or four recovered. On the 23d of May they failed from the cape in company with the James and Mary, and the Jofiah Indiamen. They directed their courfe towards the iQand of St. Helena, and met with nothing remarkable, except a fwelling fea, whiqh taking them on the broad fide, rolled every thing about that was loofe between the decks and in the hold. This great tumbling fea took them foon after doubling the cape ; " an eminent *' tokpn, fays Dampier, that the fouth-weH: « wmds were now violent in the higher lati- *« tudes towards the South Pole, we having fine *' clear weather all the while." On the 20th of June they arrived at Santa Helena, where they Itaid four or five days, and afterwards continued their voyage to England without any remarkable incident 5 and arrived fafe in the Downs, Sept. 16, 169 1. What advantage Dampier and his partner Mr. Goddard made of their painted prince is not related ; but they certainly fold him to be carried about the country to be fhewn for money. He was painted all down his breaft, between his fhoulders, on his thighs, and round his legs and arms like bracelets. " I cannot, fays Dampier, *• liken the drawings to any figure of animal3^ *! or the like ; but they were very curious, full " of f) Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 423 •' of great variety of lines, flourilhes, chequered- «' work, and innumerable convolutions, keeping *' a very graceful proportion, and appearing very *' artificial, even to the wonder of all that be- ** held him." It has already been remember- ed, that the mother of the Prince died in India of the infcdlious diforder of which he was but jufl; recovered when he embarked for Europe. On that occafion Dampier did what he could to comfort Jeoly, for that was the name they gave him •, but he took on extremely, infomuch that it was feared he could not have long furvived ; on which account a grave was immediately dug to hide the dead body out of his fight ; and being flirouded decently with a piece of fine new ca- lico, the corpfe was about to be interred ; but Jeoly was not fatisfied till he wrapped all his mo- ther's cloaths about her, and two new pieces of chintz that Mr. Moody gave her, faying they were her*s, and (he mud have them. After this he fufi-ered her to be interred, which was done with great folemnity •, but he continued to pine after her during the whole time he continued in India. In the printed relation that was given of him . when he was fhewn for a fight, the fiiowmen heightened their account with a romantic ftory of a beautiful fifter of his being a flave with him at Mindanao, and of the Sultan*s falling in love with her, and taking her to his bed i but thefe were (lories indeed ! They reported alfo, that the paint with which he was ornamented was I ! ?! Ill- <;,! ii'.i m ftete 424 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. was of fuch virtue, that ferpents and all veno* mous creatures would fly from him : but poor Jeoly was as much afraid of ferpents, fcorpions, and centipedes, as a little child, for he was ex- ceedingly timorous. He died at Oxfoid, but Dampier does not tell the year. The publication of the above voyage round the world having recommended Dampier to the notice of perfons of the firft eminence^ he was afterwards employed by government in difcove- ries, both in the Eaftern and Southern Seas. His firft expedition was to the coa{^. of New Hol- land, which could have no other objed but dif- covery in view. He failed from the Downs, on Jan. 14, 1698, in his Majefty's (hip the Roe- buck, carrying only 12 guns, and 50 men, and having 20 months provifions on board. On the ift of Auguft they fell in with the weftern coaft of New Holland, in lat. 26 deg. S. where, how- ever, they found nothing very different from what Dampier had before defcribed. The only land animals they faw, were a fmall fort of ra- coons, different from thole of the Weft Indies chiefly in their legs, which are fhort before, and on which they run jumping; and a fort of gua- no's, or lizards, peculiar to the country, which appear to have two heads,^ but in reality have but one, and no tail-, and, what is no lefs remark- able, their four legs feem to be all forelegs, fo formed as that the creature may walk either way. To thefe may now be added the kanguroo, a quadrupede of a particular ftiape, as large as a Iheep, eno* poor ions, s cx- but oand to the e was fcove- . His Hoi- lUt dif- rns, on : Roe- n, and On the rn coaft ;, how- it from he only of ra- Indies ire, and of gua- whicH ity have •emark- ;legs, fo icr way. uroo, a rge as a (heep. Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 425 flieep, and a creature of the oppoffum kind, dif- covered by Mr. Banks j with dogs and wolves feen by the Endeavour's crew •, of the latter fort Ibme were feen by Dampier's men, but fo lean that they were nothing but (kin and bone. In latitude 23 deg. S. they faw dolphins, and fmall whales, and abundance of fcuttle-fhells, fwim* ming in the fea. Captain Cook found plenty of water on the eaft fide of this ifland ; but Dampier was much diftrefled for want of it on the weft fide. Being alhore employed in digging a well, he was aflaulted by ten or twelve of the natives, with whom he had a (kirmifh, and was forced to (hoot one of them dead, to difengage a young man who was furrounded by three of them, and wouoded in the cheek with a lance. On a gun's being fired over the heads of the a(railants, though it ftartled them at firft, they foon reco- vered their furprize, and continued their hofti- lities; but as foon as they faw a man fall, they were terribly frightened, and fled with precipi- tation. Dampier very humanely adds, that he attempted the natives no fartl.jr, being very forry for what had happened. Among the natives engaged on this occa(ion, there was one who by his appearance and car- riage feemed to be the chief of them. He was a young bri(k man, not very tall, nor fo perfon- able as fome of the reft, though more adtive and courageous. He was painted with a circle of white pigment about his eyes, and a white ftrcak Vol. I. 1 i i down ill; • mi m Vi'-H 42^ Captain DAMPIER*s VOYAEGS. down his nofe from his forehead to the tip of it 5 his bread and fome part of his arms were alfo made white with the fame paint ; not for beauty or ornament as it (houid feem, but, as fome wild Indian warriors are faid to do, to make them- felves look more terrible in war. He was indeed a very frightful being ; for the manner in which he was painted, adding to his natural deformity, gave him more the appearance of a monder of the woods, than of a man born of a woman. Dampier in this fecond voyage to New Holland, confirms what he faid of the natives in his firil, that they are the word featured favages he ever beheld. Captain Cook, on the contrary, or his editor, aiTures us, that their features are not dif- agreeable, their nofes are not flat, nor are their lips thick ; their teeth are white and even, and their hair naturally long and black, but univer- fally cropt (hort : in general it is ftraight, but fometimes has a fmall curl ; their beards are of the fame colour with their hair, bufhy and thick, which they ihorten by fingeing : they are of the middle flature, in general well made, clean limb- ed, remarkably vigorous, a6tive and nimble; their countenances not altogether void of ex- prellion, and their voices remarkably foft and effeminate. Such are the different defcriptions given by voyagers of the fame people 5 or, to Ipeak more precifely of people on the eaft and weft fide of the fame continent i for which it h not eafy to account. Our f '• of it i e alfo cauty e wild them- mdeed which umity, fter of roman. oUand, lis firft, he ever , or his not dif- ire their en, and univer- Tht, but is are of id thick, re of the :an limb- nimble i d of ex- foft and ;riptions ;; or, to ; eaft and /hich it is Our Captain DAMPlER's VOYAGES. 427 Our voyager, however, not being able either to find frefh water, or a harbour to careen his fhip, fet fail from this miferable country about the beginning of September, 1699-, and, direc- ting his courfe to the .liand of Timor, arrived there September 15, and received a fupply of water and provifions from the Chief of the Dutch faftory there. He was likewife hol'pi- tably entertained by the gentlemen of the Por- tuguefe fadory on the fame ifland. From thence he failed to the coaft of New Guinea, traded with the inhabitants, and rangingalong the coaft, found the main land divided into two parts. To the eafternmolt divifion he gave the name of New Britain. In his return back he touched again at Ti- mor, and from thence failed to Batavia ; where having careened his fhip, and fupplied himfelf with neceflaries of every kind, on the 17th of Odtober, 1 700, he fet fail for the Cape of Good Hope •, from thence continuing his voyage to St. Helena, he arrived at that ifland January 3 1 , 1 701 ; but in his courfe home his (hip fprung a leak at fea, and, after endeavouring in vain to flop it, he was obliged to run her a-ground on the ifland of Afcenfion j where having landed his men, and taken from on board all neceflary provifions, they in a fliort time difcovered a fine fpring of water, and lived tolerably, till they were at laft relieved by fome Englifli men-of^ war, who were convoying home the Canterbury Jndiaman, and brought them all fafe to England. 1 i i 2 lo !■ 'W 4 I :;■; i" :f j- :;! *--^^ mm 428 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. In 1703, notwithflanding the bad fuccefs of the voyage jull mentioned, Dampier was again employed in an expedition to the South Sea, in conjundion with Captain Pulling, who had each a niip of 26 guns, and 120 men under his com- mand. That commanded by Captain Dampier was called the St. George *, and that by Captain Pulling, the Fame. They were vidualled for nine monrhs, and had commiflTions from his Royal Highnefs Prince George of Denmark, then Lord High Admiral, to proceed in a war- like manner againft the French and Spaniards ; and both were upon the fame terms of. No pur* chafe JO pay. But while they were in the Downs, fome difference having arifen between the two Captains, Captain Pulling fet fail alone, and left Dampier to take his own courfe ; who, flopping fome time in Ireland, was joined by the Cinque Ports galley of 90 tons, 16 guns, and 63 men, Captain Charles Pickering Commander. In this expedition, Dampier had three grand objedls in view : ih^ firft was, to fail to Buenos Ay res, in order to furprize the Spanifti galleons that ufually take in their lading at that port ; the fecond de- pended on mining the firft, in which cafe they were to pafs through the ftraits of Magellan to cruile upon the coafts of Peru, for the Baldivia fhips that carry gold to Lima ; and the ibird was only to take place, if both the former mif- carried \ and was, to proceed to the coaft of Mexico, to intercept the Manilla fliip that an^ nually arrives at Acapulco, and is faid to be worth ■S. ccfs of I again >ea, in id each is com- ampicr rapcain lied for Dm his ;nmark, 1 a war- uniards ; No pUT' Downs, the two and left Hopping ; Cinque , In this )bje£ts in ^yres, in It ufually fecond de- cafe they igellan to ; Baldivia the third rmer mif- ; coaft of that an« id to be worth Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 429 worth eight or nine millions of pieces of eight, equal to a million and a half of our money. Full of thefe projects, they fet fail from Kin- falc, in Ireland, on the 1 ith of September, 1703^ and on the 25th arrived off Madeira, where they learned that the galleons were failed from Kuenos Ay res, and then lay at TcnerifF. The firft pro. jedt being thus defeated, they proceeded to put the fecond in execution with all pofTible difpatch. On the 24th of November they anchored on the iiland Le Grand, on the coaft of Brazil, where they buried Captain Pickering, and chofe Lieu- tenant Scradling in his room. From this ifland they failed the 8th of Decem- ber ; and, doubling Cape Horn on the 20th of January, the) changed their direction, failed to the northward, and on the loth of February came to an anchor in the great bay of Juan Fci nandez, where they met their confort Captain Stradling, with whom they had parted in pafTing Cape Horn in a violent ftorm, which happened on the 26th of January. At Juan Fernandez they continued refitting their (hips till the 29th, when feeing a fail, they dipt their cables, and put to fea. She proved to be a French ftiip of 400 tons, 30 guns, and full of men. The St. George fought her about feven hours, when a gale fpringing up, (he (heer- ed off. On this occafion, the Cinque Ports be- haved but indifferently, firing only a few guns, jipd lying by. Next ! .'; mm 430 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. Next day, in returning to Juan Fernandez, they fell in with two French men of- war of 36 guns each *, from whom they narrowly efcaped, leaving their cables, anchors, and Bve or fix of their men belonging to the Cinque Ports on that ifland, with a new fuit of fails, and feveral other neceflaries which they could ill fpare. They now proceeded upon their fecond enter- prize ; but they were equally unfortunate in that as in the former. The Baldivian (hips were fail- ed, and the gold fecured. They then meditated a furprize againd the town of Santa Maria, in the gulph of Panama, where the Spaniards getting intelligence of theirdefigns, laid ambufcades, and after killing and wounding feveral of them, put the reft to flight. In this manner, difappointments fucceeding difappointments, differences began to arife be- tween the Commanders j and they concluded to part company. But about this time, a large ihip, fortunately for them, coming to an anchor in the night clofe by them, they inftantly boarded and made prize of her. She was deeply laden with flour, fugar, brandy, wine, about thirty tons of malmalade of quinces, a confiderable quantity of fait, with fometons of linnen and woolen-cbth. This proved a feafonable fupply •, and provifions that were before fo fcarce, that only five green plantains were the daily allowance for fix men, were now fo abundant on board the prize, that they might have laid in a ftock for feveral years ; yet in lefs than fix months we find them ftarving. After Captain DAMPIER'sVOYAGES. 431 After rummaging the prize and dividing die fpoil, the Captains parted ; and in two or three days, Dampicr fell in with a Spanifh man-of-war, fitted out on purpofe to take him. The two ihips had a fmart engagement, and parted in the night by confcnt. Soon after this engagement, Dampicr and Clippington, his lirft Lieutenant, having fomc difference, Clippington feized upon the fhip*s tender, in which were the Hores and anunuoition, and with 21 of the bed men weighed anchor, and fet fail. When he had cleared the iflands, he fent to invite all thofe who were willing to fail with him to come on board *, but Dampier's lad project being now on the point of being car- ried into execution, the men who remained with him refolved to abide the ifTue. Clippington, though he had quarrelled with the Captain, had no mind to diftrefs the men; he therefore thought fit to reftore the powder and ammuni- tion, referving only enough for his own ufe. In the bay of Tacames, Dampier had taken a fmall bark of 60 tons, laden with plantains. This bark they intended to keep as a tender. She had two mails, with two fquare fails } and the]^ named her the Dragon. The Mailer of this bark, Chriftian Martin by name, was a Spaniard by birth, but taken prifo- ner while he was a boy, and bred up m Eng- land. This man they kept prifoner on board i and now proceeded to intercept the Manilla fhip. On ' )i *'K Ii;li:tl I '':*i>!'i 432 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES; On the 6th of December in the morning, they faw a fail, and foon came up with her. She prov« cd their laft hope, the great Manilla (hip, from the Eaft-Indies. They inftantly bore down upon her, and before Ihe could bring her guns to bear gave her feveral broad- fides •, and, taking her un- prepared, put the company on board in the ut- moft diforder. Captain Martin, though a Spa- niard, advifed to lay her aboard immediately, before the Spaniards had recovered their fur- prize 5 but that advice was difregarded till it was too late ; for while two parties were quar- relling on board the St. George, the one for lay- ing the enemy on board, the other not, the Spa- niards got out a tier of 24 pounders, every one of which that took place was ready to fend tho St. George to the bottom. The aflailants were therefore foon beaten off with difgrace, after having received a (hot between wind and water in the powder room, by which two feet of plank- ing was driven in on each fide the (lern. And now, being difappointed of this their laft expeda- tion, all the men grew difcontented, and impa- tient to return home. However, they were pre- vailed upon to cruife a few weeks longer on the coaft of Mexico j and with that view paflfed the ports of Acapulco, Port Angels, Port Guatuleo, and feveral others 5 but without meeting with any prize worth waiting for. Ill fuccefs is generally fucceeded by difcon' tent i the men who were before impatient of fa- tigue wghout reward, grew now ungovernable, A party. m WW If* they >rov- from upon bear :r un- le ut- i Spa- iately, ir fur- till it quar- ■or lay- le Spa- rry one :nd th« ts were e, after d water t plank» n. And xpeda- d impa- ere prc- r on the affed the uatuleo, ng with difcon- nt of fa- vernable. A party. Captain DAMPIER*s VOYAGES. 455 A party, therefore, formed the defign of return- ing home by way of the Eaft-Indies ; and thefe were encouraged by Mr. Funnel, the chief mate, who, having the command of the fmall Spanifh prize alreadly mentioned, determined to hazard every thing to regain his native country, rather than continue under the direftion of a man with whom there was no keeping terms. He there- fore embraced the firft opportunity to reach the gulph of Amapaila, to new-water his bark, and prepare for his voyage home. It (hould feem, that this voyage of Dampier, though countenanced with a government com- xniflTion, was notwithftanding fitted out by pri- vate adventurers; for, on this occafion, the owners agent is faid to have divided the provi- fions and ftores between thofe who chofe to re* main with Dampier, and thofe who determined to follow the fortune of Mr. Funnel. Their whole, number was already reduced to 60 effec- tive men, 33 of whom chofe to accompany Fun- nel, and 27 only remained with Dampier, but upon what terms they engaged, or what courfe they purfued afterwards, we are not told -, for Dampier, though he returned home, never pub- lifhed any account of this voyage. What we have related concerning it, in order to complete his adventures, as far as our materials extend, we have extraded from the account publifhed by Funnel 5 who, having left Dampier in the gulphof Amapaila, on the i ft of February, 1705, cakes no farther notice of his Captain j but goes Vol. I. K k k on fa »i m 434 Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. on with the ftory of his own voyage, which waa indeed unfortunate enough ; for his Ibip was feized by the Dutch at Aniboyna, the goods on board confifcated, and mod of the men cruelly ufed, being confined and half-llarved by our good friends the Dutch, who were jealous left they fhould make difcoveries prejudicial to their commerce. Funnel himfelf, however, foon got releafed ; and, having made ftrong reprcfcnta- tions againft the authors of his fufferings at Amboyna, he at length obtained fome (hew of redrefs ; with which, though not a compenfation for his lofles, he was forced to be contented. On the 2d of November he, with two of his com- pany, got paffage to Europe in the Dutch Eaft- India fleet ; and, on the 15th of July following, arrived fafe in the Texel, from whence, after vifiting the principal towns in Holland, he came to England, an4 publiQied the account juft mentioned, in which he followed the example of Dampier, by giving a defcription of the natural produdions of the iflands at which he touched, their inhabitants, arts, and commerce. We can find no traces of the latter part of the life of Dampier, who feems to have been an able navigator, but of a reftlefs turbulent fpirit, like the ocean on which he was bred. He certainly poffeffed the art of failing in a very eminent de- gree i but he wanted that happier art of concili- ating the wavering difcordant paffions of his fol- lowers and alTociates. He feems, too, to have been more cautious than brave, more fubtle than was was Is on jelly our i left tKeir n got fenta- igs at ew of kfation ;eni€i« s com- KEaft- owing, r, after le came int juft nple of natural oijched, t of the an able rit, like certainly nent de- concili- f his fol- to have : fubtlc ihaR Captain DAMPIER's VOYAGES. 435 than wife, and more enterprizing than fortunate. Ifl all his engagements, both as an inferior offi- cer and as a commander, he feems neither to have braved danger nor to have feared it. Jt is not eafy to determine, whether his ihirlt for gold, ordefire of knowledge, was the governing prin- ciple that led him to range the world for new difcoveries. If the former, he feems totally to have failed in the purfuit ; if the latter, he was more fuccefsful. At Mindanao, we find him poor 5 at the Bafhee iflands he laments the want of every article that could purchafe from the na- tives a fmall fpecimen of the yellow metal that bore the refcmblance of gold ; but withal fo ho- neft, that he would neither take the iron belong. inf o the owners of the (hip to give in exchange, n X rv juld he take the metal from the inhabitants without an equivalent. In (hort, I think, we may conclude, from what he himfclf has written, that Dampier was a man of ftrong natural parts, of blunt manners, of quick difcernment, inflexible in his refolutions, but deficient in natural qua- lities to command refped, and in acquired abi- lities to maintain it. K k k 2 THE '■'> ' P' r « THE V o y A G E o F Master COWLEY HOUND THE WORLD. OF M after Cowley we can find no other account than what is contained in the voyage written by himfelf j therefore, we (hall, in his own words, preferve fuch parts of that voyage as have not already been related in the voyage of Dampier; premifing only, that his firll letting out among the buccaneers was in the fame prize, in which Dampier fet fail from Virginia, under the command of Captain Cook ; that he continued to ferve that Commander, as Mafter, during his life ; and that, after failing fometime in confort with Captain Eaton in the South Seas, he chofe rather to ferve that gentleman than to continue with his own Cap- tain's fucceflbr. One remark more, and then to proceed. We find him, in every colledion of voyages in which he is introduced, diftinguilhed by the appellation of Captain Cowley, though the higheft employment to which he ever feems to have arrived, was Mafter on board the buc- caneers before-mentioned ; who, during the time they were fufFered to commit their ra- yages, traverfed the globe as wolves the fo- reft^ E other in the i (hall, jf that in the hat his was in il from Cook 5 ider, as • failing aton in rve that m Cap- nd then edion of guifhed though er feems the buc- ing the their ra- the fo- reft. Master COWLEY»s VOYAGE. 437 reft, merely for the fake of whom they might devour. We find, however, but few of them fuccefsful i by far the greatefl: part, like other robbers, died milerabiy j and fuch of them as cfcaped with life, were, at certain times, ex- pofed to fuffe? ings not lefs (hocking to humaa nature, than the diltreflfes to which they reduc- ed innocent people by their cruelty and lull for gold. But now to proceed : In Auguft, 1683, I tieparted, fays Cowley, from Cape Charles in Virginia, lying in latitude ^6 deg. N. and in longitude 305 deg. in the good (hip called the Revenge, Captain John Cook, Commander, pretending to me, that I ftiould navigate the (hip to Petitguavaz, where 9. Frenchman was the Governor, and to which port I began to iliape my courfe; but was told, as foon as we had left the (hore, that they were now bound for the coaft of Guinea, to provide a bet- ter (hip i and that then their defign was to fail to the Great South Sea. I was thereupon ob- liged to alter my courfe, and to (leer E. S. E; for the Cape de Verd IQands in lat. 16 deg. N. In the month of September, we made the ifland of Salt, where we came to an anchor, careened our (hip, and afterwards failed to St,« Nicholas, where was held a confultation of of« ficers, whether to fail diredly for the South Seas in their prcfent (hip, or purfue their former refolution and proceed to the coad of Guinea to feek a better. After much debate, it was at length concluded, to try St. Jago, another of the Cfipc 43S Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. Cape de Verd iflands, and, if any Ihip was found in that road fit for their purpofe, to lay her on board, and make her their prize. On our approach to this ifland on the eafterrr fide, we defcried a large (hip from the maft- head, which proved to be a Dutch Eaft India- man of 50 guns, and, as we afterwards learnt, of 400 men, moft of whom were on fliore ; but on feeing us Hand towards the road, they inftantly repaired to their polls, chpt a fpring upon their cable, heaved their broadfide to us, flruck out their ports below, and running out their lower tier of guns, made themfelves ready to receive us. We had now advanced too near ; but marking their force, and that it was in vain to attempt a conqueft, we put before the wind, and fleered diredtly to the coaft of Guinea, where we had no fooner arrived, than we fell in with a new (hip of 40 guns, which we boarded, and car- ried away. Upon examination, we found her well ftored with brandy, water, and provifions j and in order to furnifti her with other ncceflaries from our old Ihip, we put into Sherborough, re- folving to touch at no other port till we (hould come to Juan Fernandez, in lat. 33 deg. 40 min. S. About the beginning of December, we fail- ed from latitude 8 deg. N. (leering S. W. till we arrived in 12 deg, S. when we (leered away S. W. by W. till we came into foundings on the coaft of Brazil ; and finding 80 fathom water in a fandy bank, we altered our courfe to the S. W. and about the latitude of 40 deg. S. found the fea. Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 439 Tea as red as blood, occafioned by great Ihoals of ihrimps, which coloured the ocean, fojr many leao^ues together We found alfo a multitude of feals, and luch abundance of fmall whales as to exceed the nun[iber found in the North Seas in the proportion of one hundred to ten. We held on our courfe till we came into lat. 47 deg. where we faw land, never before difcovered. It proved an uninhabited iQand, to which I gav& the name of Pepy*s ifland, and at which (hips may convenientl' w and water, hav'"^ ?\ harbour where 100^ Tail n.^/ ride in fafety. .a this ifland we ftiw plenty of fowls, and round it there is no doubt abundance of fi(h -, but, it blowing a ftorm, we could neither dare to approach it, nor to examine its coafts. We therefore flood to the fouthward, (haping our courfe S. S. W. till we came into the latitude of 50 deg. S. and then fteering S. W. by W. refolving not to at- tempt the ftrairs of Magellan, but to make the land of Ter del Fucgo ; and there, finding great riplings, and apprehending danger, we refolved to attempt the paflage difcovered by Bartholomew Sharp, in 1681, and to fail round all, leaving Staten land to the N. With this view, hauling away S. W. we came a bread of Cape Horn on the 14th of February, where, chufmg valentines, and difcourling of the witchcraft of women, there arofe a prodigious ftorm, which continued till the lafl day of the month, driving us into latitude 60 deg. 30 min. which is farther than any (hip ever yet failed to the \^' i'\. W"'X » ?' * ' 44a Mastbr Cowley's voyage the fouth i {o that we concluded that talking of* the wiles of women at Tea was very unlucky dif* courfe. About the beginning of March, the wind coming to the fouth» we were foon wafted into a warmer climate ; for in the 60th deg. the wea- ther was fo extremely cold» that we could bear drinking three quarts of burnt brandy a man in four-and-twenty hours, without, hieing the lead: intoxicated. We fleered, north- by-eaft till we came into lat; 40 deg. S. where we fell in with the Nicholas of London, Captain John Eaton Commander ; and, being glad of each others company, we failed in confortfhip to the ifland of Juan Fernandez, where we found plenty of good fat goats, good fi(h, wood,and water. [Here Cowley relates the ftory of the Mofkito-man, the account of which has already been given by Dam- pier.] This ifland is naturally fortified 5 fo that with 100 men, and at lool. expence, it may be defended from the attacks of 2000 men, in cafe of an invafion. [Accordingly the Spaniards have taken the hint; for when the lafl fliips tailed upon difcoveries, they found it fortified.] It lies 1 10 leagues due weft from the port of Valparayfo. We fleered from this ifland nonh-north-eaft, till we made the high land of Arica, in latitude 18 deg. S. Being before the bay, the oBicers of both (hips held a confuhation whether beft to go into Arica- bay, or proceed farther on the coaft i when it was refolved to fail as low down ngot ydif- wind into^ I wea- i bear . nan in e leaft :i\\ we n with Eaton others ; id and enty of . [Here lan, the yDam- fo th^t may be in cafe ds have s uilcd ] It lies parayfo. rth-eaft, latitude ; officers therbeft r on the )w down as m Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 441 at Cape Blanco, and there wait for 'Jie Spanirti plate-fleet coming to the bay of Panama. I'l.is was an unfortuna:c refolution •, for in Arica-bay rode at that time a fhip with 300 tons of filver oii board, which we miffed, and in the room of her took a timber-(hip bound to Lima, vviih 30 hands on board, which at that time llockt us with more mouths than we could well ipare meat to fill. With this {hip we failed away north to the iQand of Lobos, in lat. 7 deg. S. where we fee our fick men on fhore, though wc could neither find wood or water upon it. Here having heeled our (hips, at a general council it was refolved, to attack the town of Truxillo, in lat. 8 deg. N. ten miles within land •, and with this view jult as we were weighing anchor to proceed, fome of our people from the mad- head efpied three fail of Ihips pafTing by, wh^ch weinftantly ran out and took. Thcfe (hips were all laden with flour, fruit, and fweet- meats ; but having had intelli- gence that we were upon the coaft, they had left all their filver (their filver-fervice plate not ex- cepted) on (hore. Their provifions, however, were very acceptable; and we nov7 thought only of feeking a proper place to lay up our ftores in fecurity, and where we might conceal ourfelves for five or fix months, to make the enemy believe that we had forfaken their feas, and that they had nothing to fear from fre(h at- tacks. On this occafion, the idands called by the Spaniards Gallapagoes,or Enchanted IQands, were propofed, and the only objeftion made was, Vot. I. L 1 1 the B I ^'lili tiii^a* ik¥, 442 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. the uncertainty of finding them j but that being overcome, we weighed anchor, and after three weeks fail came in fight of them, being feven* teen in number, to all which I gave dillindt names. We came to an anchor in a very good harbour, lying towards the northernmoft end of a Bne idand under the Equinodtial Line, in which we found plenty of fiOi, fea and land tortoifes* fowls of various forts, among which were turtle- doves, fo tame at firft that they would often light upon the hats and (houlders of our men as they walked abroad ; but not being able to fatisfy their hungry appetite by catching them alive, the failors fo feared them at laft, by frequently firing upon them, that they became, like other birds, very ihy. This iQand 1 called the Duke of York's Idand, near to which lies a fmall idand, which being viewed in feveral diredions, always aflumed a different ftiape. This I called Cowley's Enchant- ed Idand. I examined feveral others •, but upon none of them found frelh-water, fave only upon the Duke of York's Idand. The bay in which we anchored i called Albany bay, and the har- bour York -road ; and, after having laid up 1500- bags of flour, with a quantity of fweet-meats;^ and other provifions, in a convenient flore-room, we failed to the northward, to try for frcfh water a fecond time ; left, being diftreffed, we Ihould be forced, upon fome future occafion, to feek relief in other harbours, when it might not be podible for us to reach the prefentj but we found being three cvcn^ iftindt good end of which 'toifes* turtle- n light IS they fatisfy 1 alive, juently : other Ifland, h being umed a nchant- ut upon ly upon 1 which the har- t- meats; e-room, [h water e (bould to feek t not be but we found Master COV/LEY's VOYAGE. 443 found good water in none of them •, and, to our great furprize, we met with fuch a violent cur- rent, that when we would have returned to the Duke of York's Ifland, we could not Hem it 5 and we were obliged to bear away N. N. E. when the fird land we made upon the main waf; Cape Trefpontas, upon the eallernmoft fliore of which we watered our fliip. The firft day after our arrival, we buried our Captain •, the fecond day, three Spanifli Indians came down, whom our men brought on board. Bciing ftridlly examined concerning the flrength and opulence of the town of Ria Lexa, they gave very fatisfadlorv anfwers : but, while they were under examination, our long- boat being fent on (hore to get beet, a party of Spanifli Indians came down, and fet tiieir bo «c on fire, and drove the crew for flielter upon 3 rock, where they were forced to remain till 've fent another boat with 20 men to relcue then. We retained the three Indians, and led them with ropes about their necks as guides to con- du6l us afterwards to Ria Lexa ; but one of them having got his neck out of tlie collar, made liis cfcape, and alarmed the town j fo that our men returned very much difcouraged at this fecond difappointment. We now found it neceflary to turn all our prifoners away to fh'-ft for them- felves; and then direded ourcoui:^ the gulph of St. Miguel, where we took two iflands, one inhabited by Indians, the other plenriiuily {lock- ed with cattle ; but for gold and filver, we got iiut little. Here we ftaid and careened our Ihips *, L 1 1 2 and .1- 'ii m .rl. 'ill lili ' !.' Hi 444 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. and here Captain Cook's (hip anu Captain Ea- ton's broke conforcfhip •, and, both (hips being refitted, 1 got on board Captain Eaton, where I was entertained as his mailer, to navigate his Ihip to any place or port where he (hould direct. [It is now that the voyage of Mafter Cowley may be faid to commence. Hitherto he has gone hand-in-hand with Dampier j but now Cowley purfues one courfe with Captain Eaton, and Dampier another with Captain Davis, the fuc- ceflbr of Captain Cook.] We in our (hip, continues Cowley, towards the middie of Auguft, fet fail from the gulph of Miguel [in the bay of Amapalla], fleering for Cape St. Fra':cifco, where we chaced a ftiip that efcaped from us ; and then we bore up to lati- tude 7 deg, S. where finding the country alarm- ed, v/c flood for Payta, in lat. 5 deg. S. where we took two fhips lying at anchor ; whxh the Spaniards refufing to ranfom, we, by way of farewel, let them on fire. From hence we fail- ed to Gcrgona, at which ifiand we watered our ihip for the Eaft-Indies. This ifiand lies in lat. 3 deg. 15 min. N. and in long. 305 deg. E. and as foon as we had fup- plied ourfelves with wood and water, we took our departure, fleering W. N. W. till we came as low almoft as the rocks of St, Bartholomew, in long. 240 deg. then we failed into lat. 15 deg. N. till we judged we were paft thofe rocks; and then returned into 13 deg. N. which latitude we held till we made the ifland of Guam, in lat. 13 deg. Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 445 1 3 deg. N.'and in long. 1 50 deg. E. according to our reckoning i at which ifland, when we arriv- ed, we had a very fickly fliip, no man beirg free from the fcurvy, and moft of us in a confuming condition. It was on the 14th of March about feven in the morning that we faw land. At 12 o'clock we were in lat. 13 deg. 2 min. N. byob- fervation, having made out on our failing, by judgment, 7646 miles, that is to fay, departed fo many miles from Gorgona by lofs made out in longitude, which is about 2549 leagues. The next day we failed about the fouth-weft part of the ifland, and came to an anchor in a fair bay, from whence we fent a boat on (hore, with a flag of truce ; but, on landing, our people found chat the natives had burnt their houfes, and had fled ; however, our men felled feme cocoa-nut trees, and brought a hundred or two of them on board to refrefli the crew. In the mean time a party of Indians rulhed from behind the buQies, and in a hollile manner threatened to attack us ; but we made figns of friendlhip, and one of the In- dians returned to the wood, and having peeled a (lick fo as to make it appear white, he came forward, when one of his companions perceiving that he had no cap to compliment our people, called him back, and prcfented him with one for that purpofe. From Sunday the 15th tillTuefday the 17th, we continued a free trade with the Indians 5 but on that day our men going over to a fmall ifland on the weft fide of Guam, the Indians fell upon them ii| I,, I', m¥ ili 44^ Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. them with ftones and lances, which occafioned a fray, in which fome of the Indians were killed upon the fpot. Two days after, the Governor, who happened to be a Spaniard, came to a point of land near the (hip, and fent a letter written in Spanilh, French, and Dutch, demanding in the name of the King his Matter, who we were, whither we were bound, and from whence we came ? Our anfwer was written in French, that we were em- ployed by fome gentlemen in France upon the difcovery of the unknown parts of the world. On the return of the mefTenger, the Governor fent a letter of invitation to the Captain to come on fhore, with which he inllantly complied, and was received under a triple difcharge of cannon from the fort, which was anfwered by the fame number of guns from the (hip. They foon came to a good underftanding. Our Captain made an apology for killing fome of the Indians in his own defence *, and the Governor gave for anfwer, that, if he had killed them all, he Ihould have efteemed the favour the greater. We were after- wards told, that the Indians on the fmall idand ■were in rebellion. On Wednefday, about 12 o'clock, aSpanifli Captain came on board, and continued with us till 12 the next day. He brought as a prefent from the Governor lo hogs, a large quantity of potatoes, plantains, oranges, papas, and red pepper i in return for which our Commandsr Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 447 fent the Governor a diamond-ring, and prefent- ed the Officer with a rich fword. The next day the Governor fent on board a captain, a jefuit, and a friar, with a requeft to our Commander to fparc him fome powder, of which he was in want. This requeft was readily comphed with ; we fent him lour bar- rels, and offered hirr- four great guns. The firft he thankfully received, and fent a box in which were 1 600 pieces of eight in gold and filver for the Captain to pay himfelf for the powder j but the guns he politely declined ac- cepting. Our Captain returned the box with the money untouched, and afterwards received from the Governor a valuable prefent. While mutual civiliiics were paffing between the Governor and our Captain, our people went out every day chafing the Indians, whom they had full licence to kill and deftroy wherever they met with them ; but they, finding us not to be Spaniards, became very tradable, and offered to affift in fupplying us with filh and fruit, which they exchanged with us for old nails and old iron. After having tarried here fome- time, and a free intercourfe had been eftablilhed between the Indians on fhore and our people on board the (hip, the Indians made figns for as many of our men as chofe it, to come and fee them haul the feine. Our men, not fufpedt- jng any defign, manned the boat, and went to look at them ; but, while the men were amufing themfelves with the fport, the Indians had very artfully i II I'fiii iA •«:' • lb™ m IPP p 448 Mastbr COWLEY'S VOYAGE. artfully brought their feine round the boat, with a defign to draw it on ftiore, and thereby en- tangle both boat and crew ; but the Tailors, dif* covering the plot, gave the Indians no time to carry it into execution ; for, being provided with fire-arms, which they never went afhore without, they fired amongft the thickefl: of them, killed a great many, and drove the red away. Thcfe Indians are large in ftature, fome of them being feven feet and a half high •, they go flark naked ; never bury their dead, but let them lie in the fun to rot. They have no arms but flings and lances*, the fharp ends of the latter are pointed with dead mens bones, which, being cut like fcoops, and jagged at the edges like unto faws, if a man happens to be wounded by them, and is not cured in nine days, he certainly dies. Our people took four of thefe tr'^acherous favages prifoners, bound them, and brought them on board ; but they had not been long among us, before three of them leapt into the fea, and with their hands tied behind them fwam away like fifhes. However, we fent the boat after them, and found that a flrong man at the firfl blow could not penetrate their ikins with a cutlafs. One of them, in my judgment, had received 40 bullets in his body before he died *, and the lad of the three that was killed, fwam a good Englifh mile, not only with his hands tied behind him, butv/ithhis arms pinioned, before he expired. The m' of Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 449 The Spaniih Governor's kindnefs incrcafcd in proportion to the mifchief done to the Indians. He fent us, the fuccecding day, by one of his captains, thirty hogs, fome melons, pumpkins, potatoes, fruits, and rice 5 and received in return fix fmall pataraioes. Having now new rigged our Ihip, and fup- plied ourfelves with wood and water, we began to prepare for our departure. On the firft of April, we weighed anchor, and next day came a-breaft of the fort, which we falutcd with three guns, and were complimented with the fame number *, and on the 3d the Governor fent his laft prefent to our Captain. On the 4th we fee fail, and fteered W. by S. till we arrived at the height of St. Bartholomew, when we fhaped our courfe W. N. W. till we came into the latitude of 20 deg. 30 min. N. where we fell in with a cluder of iOands lying to the north of Luconia, diftant from Guam 560 leagues. They feemed to be uninhabited ; but the men who went afhore in the boat, found abundance of nutmegs on one of them, and faw fome goats. From thefe iflands we fteered S. W. for the iQand of Luconia, and on the 26th of April Cape Bajadore bore fi^m us eaft ; fter which we came up with Cape Mindato, where the S. W; monfoon overtaking us, we were obliged to bear away for Cantqn in China, where we lay and re- fitted our fiiip, and where we might have laden ourfelves with plunder from thirteen Tartar (hips, who came thither full of the richeft goods Vol. I. M m m of If v4 m ^■^H'A ■\\Kn it'" ^11 450 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. of China : but our men, being under no go- vernment, refufed to attack them ; faying. They came for gold and filver, not to be made pedlars to carry packs, But, alas ! had reafon prevailed, we might have all made our fortunes, without injuring any prince or fubjeft in chriften- dom i for thefe goods the Tartars had taken from the Chincfe about two years before, and had {lored them at Macao, an iQand near Can- ton, to be taken away when they judged it con- venient. From Canton we failed for Manilla, to wait for the Tartar {hip that annually goes thither, and which, we were informed, was laden one half with filver •, but, tho' we were fortunate enough to come in fight of her, yet (he out-failed us, and efcaped. We then bore away for an ifland that lies to the north of Luconia, intending there to (lay till the wind came fair to carry us to Bantam, not then knowing that Bantam had been taken from the Englifli by the Dutch. At this ifland we ftored ourfelves with fruit, goats, and guanos i which laft are here good meat : and here we found an Indian who di- rected us to an ifland, where there was plenty of great cattle ; but the wind foon coming fair, we made fail to the fouthward, fteering our courfe S. S. W. till we came into lat. lo deg. N. where we were fo entangled among the iflands of Pa- ragoa, that none of us ever expedled to efcape with life. After three days, however, we very provi- Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 451 providentially got clear ; and ftood in for an ifland at the north end of Borneo, where wc hauled our Ihip afhore, and ere«5led a tent, planting a battery of ten guns for our defence, in cafe of an attack from the natives. Here we unloaded our (hip, and, having provided fuffi- ciently for our fecurity, we ranged the country for natives to trade with us ; but they, having never feen any white men before, were very Ihy i and when, by chance, our men fell *i with oneoftheircanoesthatwasfullofwomen,(among whom was the queen of the country and her re- tinue) on the approach of our (hip's boat, they all leapt over-board j but, after taking them up, and treating them kindly, they laid afide their fears, and grew familiar ; and, upon our offering them civility, inftead of avoiding, they foon became fond of us. They brought us fi(h in great plenty, with oranges, lemons, mangoes, plantains, and pine- apples ; and, befides thefe, we exchanged fome triBes for bezoar, mufk, and civet, with which the iiland is well flored. The year was now drawing to a clofe, when we fet fail from this little iQand, directing our courfe for Timor, where, finding the Ihip's com- pany begin to grow mutinous, and not under command of their Captain, myfelf, IVlr. Hill, and eighteen more, joined our forces together, and purchafed a large boat, in which we failed to the iQand of Java, diftant from Timor 300 leagues. The wind being contrary to carry us %Q ^atavia, we bore away for Cheribon, a fadtory (:' 1'' * ii;;^* T'<:r ij' liii 11 AM M m m 2 belon ging 452 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. belonging to the Dutch, lying eaftward of Ba* tavia, where we were kindly received by the Go- vernor. There we heard that King Charles was dead •, and that his brother J ames was proclaim- ed king ; we i'.eard alfo that Bantam had been taken from the Englifh •, and that the Dutch had cre6ted a new factory in that ifland. After refrefliing itChcribonj we agreed to divide our twenty men into three parties j two of which chofe to fail for the bay of Bengal, and the third to flay with me; but knowing that Batavia was the Hollander's magazine for India, we propofed Brft to fail thither, and there to pro- vide for ourfelves as well as we could. Being all arrived, we were courteoufly received by the General ; and I, with Mr. Hill and another friend, who were all my party, were promifed our pafTage to Europe in their Eaft-India fleet. About this time the General was fending four or five (hips of war, with foldiers, to procure fa- tisfaftion from the King of the iQand, for an outrage that had been committed on a party of Hollanders, who, to the number of 80, had been flaughtered by the Javanefe. Thefe (hips, it feems, were originally deligned againfl: Sille- bar, an Englilh fettlement on the weft coaft of Sumatra ; b'it this adl: of hoftility happening to intervene, it had diverted their purpofe, and faved the faftory for this time. There were now in Batavia twenty of us, who, on hearing this news, would willingly have repaired to Sil- Icbar } but the Dutch would by no means permit us, Mastir COWLEY'S VOYAGE. 453 us, though we had bought a (loop for that pur- pofe. When we were jufl ready to Tail, the Ge- neral ordered our floop to be feized } and when we remonftrated againll this incivility, they pro* duced an old law, by which the fubjedts of the republic in India are forbidden to fell any veflel to any foreigner -, and they even went fb far as to imprifon thofe who had tranfgrefTcd it. To us, indeed, they gave the prime cod of the floop, but paid us nothing for fitting her up. This project failing, Mr. Hill, another friend, and I, embarked on board the SolUa Indiaman, bound to Holland ; and, as we were putting out of the road, we fawour (hip Captain John Eaton coming in *, however, we held our courfe ; but finding the wind unfavourable, we turned down to Bantam to take in provifions, and from thence (leered to Prince's Ifland, whete we lay for a fair wind three weeks. About the end of March, we fetfail from thence, with the wind at N. W. and (haped our courfe to the Cape of Good Hope. On the 1 1 th of May, after a plea- fant palTage, we made the land called Point Pri- micra, bearing from us N. W. diftant 1 2 leagues. Wc had the wind at N. E. being diftant from the cape 560 miles, the land trending away S. W. by W. The fi(h which came about the ihip near the ifland of Mona, the 30th of March, left us now, when we judged ourfelves in latitude 32 deg. 47 min. S. From the 15th of May to the 29th we had failed only 96 miles •, but obferv- ing next day, we found by our latitude that wc had t ..' ■M?4 454 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. had a very ftrong current, that had driven our ihip to the Ibuthward 34 miles farther than we judged ourfelves to be 5 for we thought we had been in the latitude of 33 deg. 41 min. S. whereas we found ourfelves in lat. 34 deg. 15 min. S, our courfc having been S. W. 40 miles. 1 argued the reafon with the chief mate of the (hip, and he told me it once happened in this place, that they lay a-trie with three main-fails, and the wind at W. S. W. three days; and when they took their obfervation, they found the fhip dri- ven to windward 200 Engliih miles ; and like- wife in lat. 36 deg. ^y min. they fay, they often find the like. From hence to the 27th nothing remarkable happened ; but on that day we had the wind very furious, blowing a ftorni from W. S. W, "We lay a-trie with our main-fails, and found we were in lat. 30 deg. 2 min. S. coming in with the land i and now the current went to the caft- ward, and we began to fear left we fhould lof^ our pafTage by the cape. Our Captain, who had long been fick, was now judged to be paft reco- very, and in the middle of the night died : thi^ occafioned a great dealof confufion •, and, to add to our difficulties, our water began to fail, and we were reduced to a pint a day per man. Next day we heaved our Dutch Captain's corpfe over- board, when a council of- war was called, where- in it was refolved, that Captain Tominall, Com- mander of the Critfman, fhould command the Solida, and that Captain TominaU's chief- mate (hould Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 455 (hould command the Critfman. The pilot allb of the Solida, whofe name was Houdin, was or- dered on board the Critfman i but he ret'ufcd to go, and the men aFcmbled tumultuoufly, and declared, they would not part with him. The Lord Van Hcldine was in a great rage with the ftcerfman j but the crew were refolute, and he was obliged to yield. On the iftof June we again came in fight of land. It appeared like a round hill flat at top, and bore from us N. N. E. with a imaller hill to the eaftward of it. Next day we were before the harbour of the cape, with the wind at north, and fine fair weather. On the 3d, at night, we came to an anchor in the bay before the caftle, in nine fathom water. Three days before we loft fight of the Critfman in the hard gale ; buc this day we faw a fail at fea, and concluded that it mult be the Critfman. Here we heard, that the Francis Maria was loft, with 400 men on board -, and here likewife we were told, that the King of England had taken the Duke of Mon- mouth, and that he was beheaded. Another piece of news we learned was, that a Portuguefe carrac was caft away upon the reef, having on board four millions of gueldcrs in gold, ftrnt as a pre- lent from the King of Siaiii to the King of Por- tugal i and that four Dutch fhips had likewife ftruck upon the fame reef, but that they had fortunately efcaped with very little damage. This day four of the natives came down to the city, dancing naked, and offering their wives to i t\ I 456 MASTER COWLEY'i VOYAGE, to the Hollanders for little bits of tobacco. Thf v were the Bkhieft men I ever faw. Next day n*v two friends and 1 walked about the town, i<; which are about lOO lioufes, built very low to fave them from the boifteroui gales of wind thac blow here in the months of December, January, and February : but the Dutch have here aftrong caftle, with 80 guns well mounted, and a fpa* cious garden with pleafant walks, and planted with almoft every kind of fruit, flowers, and herbs. This is the greateft rarity that we faw ac the cape. We walked, moreover, without the town to the village inhabited by the Hodman- dods (To called by the Hollanders^, who are the natives of the country. Thefe people are faid to be born white, but make themfelves black by anointing their bodies, and expofing their infants to the fun and fmoke. Their houfes, or huts, are built round, like the cabbins in Ireland of the wild IriQi, with the fire-place in the middle, round which they all lie in common, covered only with the ikins of fome bead, and without any other bed than the alhes of the wood on which they drefs their meat. They cat any thing that is foul, and will gather from the dunghills the offal that is thrown out by the Dutch to feed% their dogs. Their men are not at all jealous of foreigners ; but will beat their wives unmerci- fully for lying with their neighbours. When the women marry, they cut off a joint of the middle- finger; and if the hufband dies, and the ^idow marries again, fhe cuts off another joint ; and Master COWLEY»s VOYAGE. 457 and fo many men as they marry, fo many joinu of their fingers they lolc. They are luppofcd to worfhip the moon, becaufe at the full anu change they alTemble in great numbers, dancing and re- joicing when (Vjc (hines, but howling and lament- ing when they are deprived of her light. It happened while we were at the cape, that one of the Hodmandods drunk himfelf dead at the fort •, of which his countrymen getting intel- ligence, they aflcmbled about him, and with oil and milk endeavoured to recover him ; but, Bnding all their efforts vain, and that they could perceive no fpark of life remaining, they began to make preparations for his funeral, which they performed in the following manner. They firft brought knives, and (haved him from head to foot } then, digging a hole in the ground, they carefully placed him in a fitting pofture, with his body and head eretft, and his legs and thighs ilretched out horizontally, and prefTed jdovfn ftreight j this being performed, they propt him up in this attitude with (lones ; and then came a company of their women to howl over himi who accompanied their lamentations with a hideous Ihrieking, as if death appeared before them in the fhape of a monger, and was ready to devour them. After their time of mourning was over, they filled up the hole with earth, and covered it over with the green turf. During the time of our Hay at the cape, our people were chiefly employed in cleanfing and fcouring the ihip, in fifhing her mads, and in Vol. I. N n n fitting i-'\i lU ■■T 9 mf 458 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. fitting and trimming her rigging. We alfo took in wood and water, fupplied ourfelves with frefh provifions •, and, on the 15th of June, when the wind came fair, wt were ready to fail. We were now three fhips in company, the Solida and Critfman, who came together from Batavia, and the Emeland who came from Ben- gal. On Tudday the i6th, we purfued our courfe to the N. W. and N. W. by W. till Tuefday the 29th, without any material incident intervening. We had no obfervation; but I judged we were in lat. 19 deg. 54 min. S. This day it was that I fpoke with an £ngli(hman on board the Emeland, that had been fome time in the Dutch fervice, who told me, that they came out in company with two Englifh (hips, one named the Refolution, the other the Defence, with both of whom they had parted in a ftorm on the coafl: of Coromandel ; that the Refolu- tion was leaky, and that there were little hopes of her crew's being able to keep her above wa- ter. He told me likewife, that there werefeve- ral Englifhmen in the King of Siam*s fervice; that the Englifli Eaft-India Company was but little regarded by the Moors -, but that the in- terlopers were very much encouraged ; and that one iVlr. Deane, being their Chief, lived in great fplendor, never going out without 70 or 80 Moors to attend him. We had, moreover, this day great fcafting on board us, the Commanders of the other (hips to an entertainment. But while the being invited Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 459 the men were loading the guns to pay the ufual falute, they were alarmed by a Itrange voice from the lea, crying our, Come help, come help^ a man over-hoard! on which they forthwith brought the (hip to, thinking to take him upj but they neither faw, nor heard any more of him. Enquiry was then made through all the Ihips, if any of them had loll a man-, but upon the ftrifteft examination, it appeared that every (hip had her proper complement; fo that they concluded it was the fpirit of fome man that had been drowned in that latitude by accident. On the nth of July another very wonderful incident very much aftonilhed our company. "When we left Batavia we took a fhe-goat on board, which had then two young kids about three weeks old. This creature was obferved to grow bigger every day -, and all that our people could conje6lure was, that it proceeded from the unwholefomnefs of the water that made her fwclli hut, to the aftonilhmentof allof us, flie now brought forth four young ones, although no male had been on board. On the 4th of July we threw one man over- board who died the night before, though no one knew of his being ill. He was an old Dane, who, having no body on board to take care of his effefts, thole who firft perceived he was dead fell to rummaging his cheft, to fecure to them* felveswhat he had faved ; but, as in like cafes, they could not agree about dividing the plunder, the matter came to the knowledge of the C ap- N n n ^ tain^ *' > ^ti 460 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. tain, who made the thieves give up all they had ftolen, which he took under his own care for the benefit of his family. On the 1 2th of July we came up with the Ifland ot Alcenfion, and next day took a new departure from thence. On the 20th we found we were in lat. 15 deg. N, And now a council- or war was called upon our Captain. His accu- fation was, that he had formed a confpiracy with five men more, to murder a perfon of quality and his lady, with fome other paflengers on board, and that, when the murders were accom* pliftied, they were to feize upon their riches, and run a>vay with the fliip. The purfer was the chief accuier ; but, upon examination, the whole charge feemed fo improbable, and the man who broached the ftory denymg upon the trial what he had confidently affirmed before to the purfer, the Captain was honourably acquitted, and the villain puni(hed. Wednefday the 2 2d, we made out in Ibngi- tude from the cape 11 deg. 56 min. judging ourfelves to be in long. ^^5 deg. 56 min. And no wit was that I cut the fame Line which 1 did when I departed from Virginia in the year 1683, having encompafied the globe i and cannot but note, that I have been farther fouthward than any man that I ever heard or read of before me in this voyage, having, as 1 have already faid, reached as far as lat. 60 deg, 30 min. S. and fo it happ^^ned, that, being bound to go north about Scotland to make Holland, I pafied about 60 deg, Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. 461 deg. north, though I mention this as no extra- ordinary thing. We met with no extraordinary occurrence till the 2d of Auguft, when our Captain, after three days illnefs, died of a pain in his bowels. His chief fteerfman was made Commander in his room i but, though his caufe was warmly efpouf- ed by the men on a former occafion, yet it was not till after much oppofition that they acqui- efced in his prefent advancement. On the 5th of September, about 10 at night, we had a violent ftorm, and we had like to have been on board the Critfman -, ana, by endeavouring to avoid it, had well nigh overfet our own Ihip. On Sunday the X9th, when the weather began to clear up, 1 faw land, as did alfo two men more. 1 fuppofed it to be the ifland of Shetland ; but our Captain would not believe it 5 however, about fix in the evening, the Critfman's people faw land alfo, and let go the flag, which nettled our Captain, who blamed his own incredulity. We came up with the Ifle of Farley by the 22d, (leered on, and on the 2cth hit the wind all round the compafs. About ihis time wc came up with a Scotch fliip, who (leered f ; that we ran her on board on her quarter \ and, had we not flackened fail, (hould certainly have funk her. Two pa(rengers leapt into our fliip to fave their lives ; but they happened to be more afraid than hurt. The (hip was called the Lion of Leith; and the crew told us, that the Turks lay at Ply- mouth ^■^i '.ft'i it -I I 462 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. mouth and Dartmouth, where they had vidual- kd and careened, and from whence they had occafionally dipt out, and had taken 100 fail of Hollanders, and among them a Dutch frigate of 36 guns, which gave occafion to many hard fpeeches againft the Englilli nation ; though we found afterwards that the whole was an idle ftory, framed only to amufe the Dutchmen, and to flatter their humour by belying the Englifh. On failing next day with the wind at E. S. E. we found ourfelves in latitude 53 deg. 35 min. N. and I judged us to be on the Weft-bank. At the fame time we came up with two fhips. one a Dane, the other an Englifhman from London, with whom 1 fent my quadrant, and with whom myfclf and my two friends would willingly have gone, if cur Dutch lord . would have given us leave 5 but he told us, he could not anfwer the letting us go, to his Matters the States-General. On Tuefday the 28th, we came before the Maes, with the wind at E. N. E, When it was dav we faw the Brill Church, and came to an anchor in 10 fathom water. On the 30th we got bread and beer on board. Next day we entered the harbour at Helvoetfluys, after we had been feven months in our paflage from Batavia. Three days after our arrival, one of my two mates died, and I made no great ftay here but went to Rotterdam, where I found the Anne yacht. In her I came paflenger for England, and, through the infinite mercy of God, arrived at London, October 12 following. Of Master COWLElf's VOYAGE. 46^ Of Cowley's hiftory, as we can know nothing but from this relation of his voyage, fo it is not eafy either to form a judgment of his capacity, or of his acquirements. He fcems to have been an excellent navigator, as we do not find, in the whole courfe of his purfuits, either that he was pver at a lofs in finding the ports he fought, or that the (hips of which he had the direftion were ever in danger of being caft away. The nature of his employment in a fubordinate fta- tion, led him rather to a habit of obedience than of oppofition ; and therefore his quitting the Ihip in which it was his choice to fail, is more to be wondered at, than that he fhould fteal away from his company at Batavia with only two friends. Perhaps his condud on this occafion might be owing to principle ; for of the enormities committed by the buccaneers, with whom he was engaged, Cowley muft be acquitted, becaufe he was drawn into their fer- vice by ftratagem •, and a ftrong proof of his honefty is, his embracing the firft fair opportu- nity of deferting them. We know there are writers, and thofe of no mean credit, who have taken pains to juiVify the practices of the buccaneers, and who have attri- buted to their difcoveries and to their exploits the advancement of the art of navigation, and the emolument of their country : but it neither appears to us, that their difcoveries were of any conlequence in a national fenfe, or that the riches they brought homt: were a counter- balance for ■i>'.'i I* ■'.•.';' 464 Master COWLEY's VOYAGE. for the lives chat were facriHced in the acqui- fition. Their difcoveries were chiefly of lurking- places to which they were forced to retire to efcape the purlliit of the enemy ; and, as to the treafures they acquired, they were generally purchafed with the lives of many brave men, who, had they been employed in honefl: com- merce, would have gained profit to themfelves and honour to their country. It is not from the temporary excurfions of a banditti that a nation can hope to become rich } nor is it by a hafty race round the world that the art of navigation is to be improved. The improvements of art are flow in their progrefs i and the acquifltion of national wealth car. only be obtained by a fteady perfeverance in induftry and commerce. It is, therefore, the true intereft of every commercial nation to difcountenance plunderers, and to applaud thofe only who are employed in cultivating the arts of peace. V Though I 1 JACOB ROGGEWEIN's VOYAGE. 46J *^* Though the following relations may feeni foreign tO oiir defign of giving an account only of the difcoverles of our Englilh navi- gators, yet we have judged them too curious to be here omitted. hxtr^B Jrom a Dutch Relation of RoGGfi- Wein*s DlfcQiiery of Eaftcr Ifland. •' T T P O N the 6th day of April, being \^ in latk 27 deg. S. and long. 268 deg* we difcovered an iQand, hitherto unknown to any European •, for which reafon, according to the ufual cuftom on the firll diicovery of any unknown land, we chriftened it by the name of Easter Island, it being the anniverfary of our Saviour's Refurredlion on that very day that we arrived there. As foon as the anchors were ready to drop, we obfervcd at a diftance a neat boat, of a very remarkable conftru(5fcion, the whole patched together out of pieces of wood, which could hardly make up the largenefs of half a foot. This boat was managed by a fingle man, a giant of twelve feet high, who exerted aU his ftrength to efcape us, but in vain, becaufe he was furrounded and taken. His body was painted with a dark- brown colour. We tried with fuch figns and words as are ufbd herfc and there among the iQands in the South Sea, Co get fome intciligencei froim him, but could not per« ceive that he underftood any thing, wherefore Vot. L Goo we r*, » ' I I J ;.;^'1 466 J ACX)B ROGGEWEIN's VOYAGE. we permitted him to go into his boat again and . depart. Two days afterwards the whole fca was covered with the favage inhabitants of this ifland, who came fwimming round the (hip in fuch multitudes, that we neither could, nor did we think it advifcable to land. They clamber- ed like cats up the fhip's fides with the utmoft affurance, and came aboard, where they did not appear to be in the leaft afraid of us, but they feemed very mv»ch furprized at che Urgeneis and extent of our (hips and rigging, and could not conceive the meaning of ail that they faw j but their curiofity was chiefly engaged by the great guns, which they could not enough admire, and which they frequently ftruck their hands upon* to try if they could not lift them up, and carry tliem off; but when they faw that fuch logs by fuch an attempt were too heavy for them, and could not be moved, thefe overgrown fellows ftood abaftied, and were, in appearance, very much out of humour. They no fooner came aboard, than we immediately found that they were naturally as thievilh and nimble- fingered as the inhabitants of thofe iflands to which voy- agers have affixed the name of the 1 (lands of Thieves, from the great propenfity of the people to rob and flea), if they were not beaten from it. Rufty nails, old iron, and whatever they could catch or lay hold on, was equal to them, with which they jumped overboard im- mediately. They attempted with their nails to fcracch the boles out pf the0)ip> but thefe were too Z *•!*' JACOB ROGGEWEIN's VOYAGE. 467 too fail for them. Thefc huge fellows came at lafl: aboard in fuch numbers, that we were hard- ly capable to keep them in order, or keep a watchful eye upon their motions, and the quick- nefs of their hands i fo that fearing they would become too many for us, we ufed our beft en- deavours to get rid of them in a friendly way j but they nor feeming inclinable to leave ui, wc were obliged to ufe harfher methods, and drive thefe favages out of the fliips by force. " On the loth of April we made for the ifland in our boats, well armed, in order to land, and take a view of this country, where an innumer- able company of favages flood on the fea Hde to guard the fhore, and obftrudl our landing*, they threatened us mightily by their geftures, and fhewed an inclination to await us, and turn us out of their country *, but as foon as we, through necefllty, gave them a difcharge of our mufkets, and here and there brought one of them to the ground, they loft their courage. They made the moft furprizing motions and geftures in the world, and viewed their fallen companions with the utmoft aftonifliment, wondering at the wounds which the bullets had made in their bodies; whereupon they haftily fled with a dreadful howling, dragging the dead bodies along with them \ fo the fhore was cleared, and we landed in fafety. *' Thefe people do not go naked, as many other favages do y every perfon is cloathed ia different colours of cotton and worfted^ curl* Q o a oufly i^ ^:' i ^* if: IF' 468 JACOB ROGGEWEIN's VOYAGE.. oufly woven, or ftitchcd -, but nothing mifbe- comes them more than their cars, which are abominably long, and in mofl: of them hang upon the (boulders ; fo that, though they them- felves look upon this as the greateft ornamcnc, they appeared very uncouth to us, who were not accuflomed to fuch -, the more fo, as there were in them fuch extravagantly large holes and openings, that we could eafily put our hand? through them. ** Thus far my narrative will gain credit, be- caufe it contairs nothing uncommon, yet I muft declare, that ail thefe favages are of a more than gigantic fize, for the men are twice as tall and thick as the largeft of our people ; they meafur- ed, one with another, the height of twelve feet» fo that we could eafily, (who will not wonder at it !) without (looping, have paffcd betwixt the legs of thefe ions of Goliah. According to their height, fo is their thicknefs, and are all, one witfi another, very well proportioned, fo that each could have paflfc^ for a Hercules ; but npne qf their wives came up to the height of the men, being commonly not above ten or eleven feet. The men had their bodies painted with a red or dark brown, and the women with a fcarlet colour. ** I doubt not but mod people who read this voyage will give no credit to what I now relate, and that this account of the height of thefe giants will probably pafs with them for ^ mere fable or fidion 5 but this Tdeclare, I have put down no- thing 'g JACOB ROGGEWEIN*s VOYAGE. 469 thing but the real truth, and that this people, Vpon the niceft infpeftion, were in fadl of fuch a furpaffing height as I have here defcribed. «« After the inhabitants of Eafter Ifland had made trial of the (Irength of our weapons, as we have before related, they began to ufe us in a more civil manner, and brought us from their huts all kin Is of vegetables, fugar canes, with yams, plantains, and a great quantity of fowls, which came very a-propos, and tended to refrelh us greatly. " What I have feen of the Tiip and idols of thefe ravages is very wonderl ul. Two ftoncs, of a largenels almoft beyond belief, ferved them for gods i the one was broad beyond meafure, and lay upon the ground -, upon this Itood the other ftone, which was of fuch extent and height that feven of our people with outftretched arms would hardly haye been able to encircle it •, fo that it appeared to me, and all others, impoflible that this ftone could have been lifted up and placed upon the other by the inhabitants of thefe iilands, how large and ftrong foever they might be ; for, befides the thick nefs, it was fully as high as three men. About the top of this ftone there was cut or carved the fhapc of a man's head, adorned with a garland, which was fet together in the manner of inlaid work, made of fmall ftones, in a manner not very improper. The name of the largeft idol was called Taurico, ^nd the other Dago-, at leaft thefe were the words they IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGliT (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 tii»2A |25 |50 ^^™ n^H 1^ y£ 12.2 14.0 US IS 12.0 L25 111 1.4 PhotografJiic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTH.N.Y. 145S0 (716)872-4503 ^1^ '^V^ V ^ 1> 470 JACOB JlOGGEWElN^s VOYAGE. they called to them by, and wherewith they wor- ihipped them. " Thcfe favagcs had great rclptft for the two idols Taurico and Dago, and approached them with great reverence, namely, with dancing, ihouting, jumping, and clapping of hands, in the fame manner as we read in holy writ, that the children of I frael worshipped the golden calf which Aaron fet up •, and when the catinon (of which they fecmed to be in great terrorj were difcharged, and the heavy fliot founded in their ears, they made furprizing and wonderful gef* tures and lisaps, and pointed with their finger, firft to our people, and then to tlieir gods,, whom they appeared to fupplicate for help againft ua^ and to call upon with a frightful ihout, and howling of Dago ! Dago! " While we lay before this Eaftex Iflandj a heavy temped: furprized us, which prefTed fo much on the fhips, that I had no thought but that they would drive from their anchors, and we with them come to a miferable end on this coaft'r which God prevented; the ftorm being it lad: appeafed^ without having dbne any damage to the (hips. ** On thei^2th of ApriU leaving th« i(Und, we put to fea again, and- fhaped^ que coucfe ta the weftwardb *' On the 2oth of May we came into the lati< tude of 14 deg. 41 min. S. where we fell in with a great number of funken rocks, rocks above water, and fmall iflanda, all entangled together % fo JACOB ROGGEWEIN's VOTAGE. 471 fo that wc wtre of ppinion, they had been join- ed together in former times, and compofed one folid piece of land, but feparated from one ano- ther afterwards by a preffure of the waters. Among thefe an ifland appeared above the reft, the moft ftately and eminent, interfedled by- many rivers and (prings of water, which there- fore was chriftcned Water Ifland by Schouten and Lc Mai re, who difcovered it in i6i6, on their voyage to the Terra Auftralis, In this labyrinth of iflands and rocks, we had the woe- ful misfortune to lofe one of our fhips, the African Galley, which ftruck upon the rocks, and beat to pieces.. It may be accounted, how- ever, a happy circumftance, that all the people aboard were faved and brought ofFj and being divided among the two remaining (hips, were a reinforcement to their crews. It was impoflible for the ^ips to approach very near the land, where no anchoring ground was to be found. It is a low, fandy, and rocky ifland, being in the inland parts almoft all drowned land ; but upon the borders it is full of trees, among which neither palmetto or cocoa-nut trees were to be found i which I believe is the reafon of its not being inhabited ; tieverthelefs, five of our men who went afliore willingly remained on the ifland, and would not return again to the (hips, being wearied out with the hard(hips they had already fuflFered, and fearing many more unfore- Icen difafters were ftill awaiting them. The lofs of the above-mentioned (hip would be a happy circum* 472 Jacob roggeweIn's voYAGfii circumftance for them, fince from the wrecks and what would be drove afhore, they might be fupplied with arms, and all other necelTaries. " On the 25th of May we paffed by the ifland of Flics, alfo difcovered by the forefaid Schouten his above-mentioned voyage. The inland in parts of it are like wile full of fait- water, and it abounds in great plenty of wild green trees. It is inhabited by favages of a large ftature, armed with bows and arrows. The ifland was very properly named, from the incredible quantity of narty flies wherewith it is coveredj which alfof come aboard, and fall fo thick on the face, and other parts of the body, that one is at a lofs ta conceal himfelf from them, and every thing ontf eats or drinks is full of them j they put us to great trouble for two or three days, when thefe uninvited guefts departed. *' On the 29th of May we paficd among a liumber of rocks and iflands, from whence we fometimes faw a fmoak afcend, a fign that they were inhabited j but we had no opportunity of going alhore. This day we found ourfelves in lat. 15 deg, ly min. S. and long. 224 deg. *' On the I ft of June, in 15 deg. 47 min. arid long. 224 deg. we came in fight of an ifland hi- therto unknown to, and unlocked for by, any European. Thither we went in our boats, iii order to take a view of it, and to procure re- frefhments •, when the inhabitants, who faw us approach from afar, came down upon the (hott to make, us return back, and to prevent ouf landings JACOB ROGGEWEim VOYAGE. 473 landing. They are people of an excellent Ihape, well proportioned, and comely in perfon ; and what is furprizing, their Ikin is as clear and white as that of a native of Holland. They feemed to Ihew a refolution to ftay for us ; for, as foon as we came near, they jumped like madmen into the water to meet us, and pulhed with, great cruelty with their weapons, which confifted of fpears and lances, whofe points were armed with a very (harp wood as hard as iron : wherefore, being obliged to free ourfelves, and prefeive our lives from this hoftile attack, we fired upon them with our muflcets, which made thefefavase war- riors immediately take to their heels, and oblig- ed them to look out for a place of fafety ; for as foon as ihey had tailed the deadly efftds of thefc weapons, they turned their backs upon us, and fled to a high deep rock, which they fcrambled up like monkies, with incredible fsviftnefs. " From thence, being convinced of our fupe- rior force, they gave us 10 underftand, that all hoftilities fliould ceafe on their part, and they would treat with us as friends j and on our fide we ufed every means to allure them to us, being in the utmoft want of all manner of refrefliments. Every thing fuccceded according to our wifties ; they brought us their commcditics, confifting of cocoa-nuts, and a certain bit:er herb of thctaltc: of Dutch crefTes, which is found here in great plenty. For thefc we gave them in exchange leveral trifles and trinkets •, fuch as Imdl look- ing-glaflVs, glafs beads of all colours, combs. I Vol.. 1. i>p bcUs, 474 JACOB ROGGEWElN»s VOYAGE; bells, and a number of fuch toys of little value, with which they were as well, and even better pleafed, than we were with the cocoa-nuts and bitter herbs, which, however, were much more agreeable and ufeful to us in our prefent condi- tion than gold and filver, as we thereby enjoyed a remarkable benefit and amazing relief againft the fcurvy, which had already brought us into a moft deplorable fiiuation. " Although it appeared by thefe mutual ex- changes that thefe favages were got into good underltanding and friendlhip with us, we foon difcovered that this was no more than a feigned reconciliation, ferving only to deceive us and make us the more eafily fall into their fnares, with which villainous inclination almoft all the inhabitants of the iflands lying in thofe feas are infeded ; for as fome of our people, ordered to view and make a further difcovery of the coun- try, were paffing betwixt the rocks and cliffs, along a ftrait and narrow path, to fee the form and condition of the place, they were met by an old grey-headed man, who, although he nei- ther underllood them or they him, endeavoured by many figns and motions to make them fen- fible that they were not in fafety, and that ic would be bed for them to return back ; he point- ed to the road that brought them thither ; and the better to make them underftand the fecret ambufli and the approaching danger, he took up a ftone from the ground and threw it down before him. How well focvcr our people ought to JACOB ROGGEV/EIN's VOYAGE. 475 to have underftood from this, that thofe barba- rians would attack them from the tops of the rocks with Itoncs, yet they paid no regard to the figns and admonitions of the good old fa- vage, but marched forward, truftng to their arms. They had not gone far before a dread- ful fliower of ftones came pouring upon them from all quarters, when they lead thought of it, in fuch large quantities and with fuch violence, that many of our people were thereby lamed and wounded, without being able to make re- filtance in defending themielves or driving the favages from above them, who had made their aflault from too fecure a place-, fo that our people were conftrained to flacken their pace, contrary to their inclinations, and return back with their wounded heads, being very well pleafed however that they had efcaped fo well. " What further regards thele villains and traitors, I have already obferved that they are comely and well-proportioned in their perfons, and wear as an ornametit pearls of a large fize, in their ears. About their necks and bodicrs they wear, as a fingular ornament, the (hells ot pearl oyfters. As we received great benefit and re- lief from our ficknefs by means of the bitter herb which is found here in great plenty, and was given us by the favages in exchange for our toys, fo this new-difcovered ifland was by us chriftened by the name of the Verkwikking*s ifland. " After this adventure with thefe rogulfh fa- Ppp 2 vages : "^ 47^ JACOB ROGGEWEIN's VOYAGE. vages no delay was made thece, but we got a- gain under fail ^ and becaul'e the provifions lef- lened gradually from day to day, and the difor- ders, notwithllanding the relief from the bitter herbs, continued to increafe, to the great grief of us all, it was refolved, in a council of the principal officers, to return home by the Eaft- Indies. We then lay up tolat. I5deg. 47 min. S. and according to our reckoning 224 deg. 18 min. long, being then about 1200 leagues from the coaft of Peru. " On the I ith of June we found ourfelves in latitude 15 deg. 16 min. S. and longitude 205 deg. 8 min, " On the 14th we difcovcred two jflands, which we could not approach near enough to take a t)roper view of, by reafon of the rough and ilormy Tea •, but, on the other hand, we had this fatisfa6tion, that the inhabitants came to take a view of us, and kept hovering about the Jhips in a number of boan&of fuch neat and exqui« fite workmanfhip,a9iipaliinoft incredible that any thing of the kind Ihould have been found a* mong fuch favages, they being of fuch an art- ful conllrudionj the furniture fo pretty, and the form fo near, adorned with a number of the moft curious carved figures, that it is im- poffible for the imagination to conceive any thing more elegant -, and really their carved image work (which was the grcateft ornament of thefe boats) was lb exquifite, that I much doubt if there are many engravers in Europe ca- .. , pabic JACOB ROGGEWElN's VOYAGE. 477 pable of producing more curious workmanfhip. The people in thcie fine boats were armed with darts, and had their heads adorned with greea leaves, arid theif bodies cloathed witli rccds. This ifland got the name of Bowman's ifland from a captain of that name. It was very pleafant and delightful to behold, fruitful, and furrounded with trees, among which the palmetto (hewed itfelf. • , - " On the 15th we came in fight of an ifland about leven miles in length, lying in lat. 13 deg, 41 min, S. and 250 deg. long. Many of us ftlt a longing defire to touch at this ifland, in hopes of procuring fome refrc fliment ; but it was de- ferred, and we purfued our voyage without landing, in order to fave time, becaufe our miferies and inconveniencies daily increafed, and the diforders from many caufes increafed alio. " On the 1 8th of July we perceived many different iflands, and among oth*ers New Zea- land, computed to be in extent about 300 leagues, lying under 6 deg, of S. lat. and 166 deg. long*" This relation is copied verbaiin from Mr, Dalrymple's valuable Colledlion of Spanifli and Dutch Difcoveries in the South Seas, as is like- wife the following Relation of the Difcovery of Davis's Land i but neither the one nor the other of thefe difcoveries have fince been fully con- j5rmed. I I ' 478 DISCOVERY of DAVIS's LAND. An Account of the Discovery oj the Land called Davis's Land. cc WE went from the Gallapagocs under the Line, for the fouthward j intending to touch no where till we came to the idand of Juaa Fernandez. ** In our way thither, about four o'clock in the morning, when we were in the latitude of 12 deg. 30 min. S. and about 150 leagues from the main of America, our fliip and bark felt a terrible (hock, which put our men into fuch a condernation, that they could hardly tell where they were, or what to think, but every one began to prepare for death. And, indeed, the (hock was fo fudden and violent, that we took it for granted the fliip had (truck upon a rock : but, when the amazement was a little over, we call the lead, and founded, but found no ground ; fo that, after confultation, we con- cluded it mull certainly be fome earthquake. The fuddennefs of this (hock made the guns of the (hip leap in their carriages, and feveral of the men were (haken out of their hammocks. Captain Davis, who lay with his head over a gun, was thrown out of his cabin. The fea, ^hich ordinarily looks green, feemed then of a whiti(h colour ; and the water which we took up in our buckets for the (hip*s ufe, we found to be a little mixed with fand. This at Brfl: made DISCOVERY OF DAVIS'S LAND. 479 made us think there was fome fpit of fand 5 buc when we had founded, it confirmed our opinion of the earthquake. Some time after, we heard news, that at that very time there was an earth- quake at Callao, which is the road for Lima» and that the fea ebbed fo far from the fhore, that on a fudden there was no water to be fcen ; and that after it had been away a confiderable time, it returned in rolling mountains of water, which carried the (hips in the road of Callao a league up into the country, overflowed the city of Callao, though it ftood upon a hill, together with the fort, and drowned man and bead for 50 l-eagues along the (hore, doing mifchief even ac Lima, though fix miles within land from the town of Callao. Having recovered our fright, we kept on to the fouthward. We fteered S. and by E. half cafterly, until we came to lat. 27 deg. 20 min. S. when, about two hours before day, we fell in with a fmall, low, fandy ifiand, and heard a great roaring noife, like that of the fea beating upon the (hore, right a-head of the fhip : where- upon the failors, fearing to fall foul upon the (hore before day, defired the captain to put the (hip about, and to ftand off till day appeared j to which the captain gave his confent. So we plyed off till day, and then ftood in again with the land ; which proved to be a fmall flat ifland, without the guard of any rocks. We ftood in within a quarter of a mile of the fliore, and could fee it plainly, for it was a clear morning, not J m X A ' 450 DISCOVERY of DAVIS's LAND. not foggy nor hazy. To the weftward, about twelve leagues, by judgment, we faw a range of high land, which we took to be IHands, for there were feveral partitions in the profpeffc. This land Teemed to reach about fourteen or fix- teen leagues in a range i and there came hence great flocks of fowls. I, and many more of our men, would.have made this land, and have gone alhore at it^ but the Captain would not permit us. The ftpall iOand bears from Copayapo al- mo(i due eait 500 leagues, and fron;) the Gal- lapagoes, under the line, 600 leagues. Dampier fays, '* Captain Davis told me late- ly, that after his departure from Ria Lexa, he "went, after feveral traverfes, to the Gallapagoes, and that ftanding thence fouthward for wind, ta bring him about Terra del Fuego, in the lati- tude of 27 deg. S. about 500 leagues from Co- payapo, on the coaft of Chili, he faw a fmall fandy iflandjuft by himi and that they faw to the weftward of it a long track of pretty iiigh land, trending away to the N. W. out of fight.*' End of THE First Volume. » }^ i ♦ t'« -< .:• ■■}.■■■'■■ :. '• . >v .i,. M