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 THE 
 
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 THE 
 
 
 CONDUCT 
 
 O F T H E 
 
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 W-A R^.- ©c.' 
 
 S much as I naufeate fulfomcEn- 
 comiums and the Praifes generally 
 beftowed on Men great only by 
 their Places, whofe Power and 
 Merit ufually go Hand in Hand -, I 
 am heartily forry to be rid of that 
 Nufance at fo fad an Expence as the Calamity of 
 my Country. It has puzzled the Wits of the 
 Friends of this Adminiftration to find what to 
 commend, and we are reduced to fo ftrange a State 
 that Courtiers now are at a Lofs to flatter. Yet how 
 little foever I love high-flown Panegyrick, or a. 
 Time-ferving Tongue, I am as little pleafed to deal 
 in Cenfure -, but when Misfortunes rife to fo great 
 a Height, 'tis impoflTible for Patience to lafl:,, and . 
 People put to tlie Torture will exclaim. Whea 
 we faw a Minifte^ of confefled Abilities force4 
 from the Helm of Government, his Royal ' 
 Matter's Favour and Protedlion not availing, we 
 
 B ' :: ' were ' 
 
 ■i^Htiffii' 
 

 \ 
 
 
 were told by the prefent Cabal that this Violence 
 
 was done to M- y in order to bring back the 
 
 Golden Age. A Golden Age indeed,, it has been . 
 for them, fattening in Places -, 'I cannot fay of 
 great Credit and Honour (I wifh I could; yet of 
 great Emolument ; but to this Country an Age of 
 Calamity and Ruin. The Date of thisO-i— y 
 is yeir fhort, the Enumeration of the Services 
 rendered to Great Britain during this Inter — e — urn 
 is Hill fhorter, for it takes up no Point of Time ; 
 
 but the Effects of its Power ftrong in the S e 
 
 for Purpofes beft unattained, weak and impotent 
 in every other Place have been fcverely felt by this 
 Nation, and are long to enumerate. I Ihall con- 
 fine myfelf, however, to the Conduft of the War, 
 which has prefented to us a very difmal Sceqe. The 
 Glory of tne BritiJb'Arms was great thro* a long 
 and uninterrupted Series of Tim«. A Curfe on 
 thofe Accidents, on thofe Councils which have given 
 an Interruption, for I hope it will prove but an 
 Interruption (if this War lafts j and that too of a fhort 
 Continuance, that our Difgraces will not fufvive 
 a weak Adminiftration which cannot fupport itfelf 
 long, and muft fall by its own Inability, that our 
 militaryReputation will be carried to a greaterHeight 
 under the Aufpices of the prefent Illuftrious and 
 Royal Line, than at any other Period of Time ; 
 for it would be ftrange, if the perfonal Bravery of 
 the Family (hould not add fomething to our ancient 
 Renown. Yet now how are the Mighty fallen ■ — ! 
 and, what is an Aggravation, while they are led 
 by a Race of Warlike Prhices. But I choofe 
 to draw a Veil over the Shalne of my Country* 
 rather than dwell on a Rcprcfentation of Things ib - 
 offenfive. to the Pride of an En^lijhmait -y for 1 
 Jiope we are not yet fo humbled but a becoming 
 iPride dill remains in i5r////^ Breafts* fomcRefent- 
 raent for Misfortunes brought en them by ill Con- 
 \ , du£t.- 
 
( 3 ) 
 dud, fome Diftinftion between the Contempt and 
 Efteem of the World. But the Caufes of our 
 Difafters arc not fo to be paft over. I will not 
 enter into a Difquifition whether a War upon the 
 Trade of France might not have been carried on 
 with more Advantage than upon the Continent ; 
 but whether the Meafures which it has been judged 
 proper to take, have been purfued with publick 
 Spirit, with the Addrefs and Ability becoming 
 Miniftcrs ; nay, whether with common Prudence, 
 or the Icaft Regard to the WcUare of this Country. 
 'Tis flrange ! *tis aftonilhing ! that wifer Councils 
 have not been followed by our Minifters even for 
 their own Sakes, becaufe the Glory would have re- 
 dounded to them. But whether the Defign is to 
 h— m— e the Spirits of Englijhmenj and make them 
 t— ,-e for the Y— e, or our Minifters are really un- 
 able to raife themfelves aiKi the Nation abov? the 
 low State to which they have brought both •, it 
 becomes us not to fee our K— — nor oufelves fo 
 ferved j not to fee Violence done, Difgrace fix*d 
 on M— , and at the fame Time both on one and 
 the other, and Mifcry into the Bargain on ourfelve^. 
 As for the Confideration of any concerted PJan, 
 any fix'd Quota's, any Alliances formed, this Admi- 
 niftration has faved me as well as themfelves that 
 Trouble. They are the fortuitous Events of Time 
 alone during this War which I have to confider j for 
 our Minifters feem to aim at nothing more than to 
 be Retainers of Fortune by the Day, refolved td 
 fpend the laft Shilling of Britijh Money (which is 
 paid away in all Parts of the World) in Support of 
 undigei):€»d Schemes, and ill-calculated Meafures. 
 There was a Time when our Negodations in fixing 
 the Contingents to be finiftied by the Parties con- 
 cerned in carrying on the War, did Credit to this 
 Country. W^hen the Emperor was tofurnifh9o,ooo 
 Men, 66^000 Foot, 24,000 Horfe and Dragoons, 
 ' riisj' :■-.--, ^■■. , B 2 ■■'-^ not 
 
I 
 
 
 i 
 
 (4) 
 
 hot reckoning what would remain in Hungary or 
 other Parts ot his hereditary Countries. The Statics 
 General j02,oco Men, 82,000 Foot, 20,000 
 Horfe and Dragoons. England 40,000 Men, 
 33,000 Foot, 7000 Horfe and Dragoons. This 
 was the grand Foundation, befides the Affiftance 
 given by other Powers during the War. Upon 
 now different a F'oot Things are carried on at 
 prefent, I am afliamcd to relate, r ''■*^' .^ -? 
 
 I will fay little of what preceded that memora- 
 ble iEra, Chriftmas 1 745. The A6lion of Det- 
 fingen, as it is the'laft Taltc, which Britons, here- 
 tofore glutted, have had of Vidlory will not eafily 
 be forgotten i nor the Field on which they took 
 their laft Farewell. The Conqueft of Cape Breton j 
 a Conqueft, the moft important, beyond all Com- 
 parifon, that ever was made by this Country, has 
 been fufEciently fet forth by the Joy and Applaufe 
 of the People of this Country ; and pleafed I am, 
 that my feeble Voice would on this Occafion, fliould 
 I attempt to fay any Thing, be loft in the general 
 Acclamation. I hope, as no Force can deprive us 
 of this great Acquifition, as France can never take 
 it by any other Means than of our own Miniftry, that 
 no Treaty will ever put her in Pofreflion of it •, 
 tho' upon fuch Terms flie would giv^ up every 
 Foot of conquered Country. For who will give 
 us Security, that the next Day ftie will not recon- 
 quer that Country, and leave us diverted of both, 
 and the Jeft of the World ? ^ ^^ .rt 
 
 But without this Confidcration, the incftimable 
 Value of Cape Breton alcne affords fufHcient Rea- 
 fon why we ihculd never part with it *, for what- ; - 
 ever prrcate Perfons may, the Publick can receive ,, 
 no Compcnfation for it. And, I hope, as this Ad- 
 miniftration had nO Hand in taking it, they will 
 have none in delivering it up, and that the only ^ 
 Concern which they ftiall have had in this impor-, , 
 
(s) ^ 
 
 tant Place, will not be that fimply of fevering it 
 for ever from the Britijh Dominions : For the 
 taking it fprung from the Councils, the' it was 
 not compleated till after the Refignation of the 
 late Minifters. It is the fame with fome othef 
 great Events, for it cannot be doubted to what the 
 furprifing Succcfs of the Allied Arms on the Side 
 of Italy is owing, or that, to trace out the Caufe, 
 it will be neceffary to go farther back than the Date 
 of the prefent Adminiftration,who are faved from 
 finking by the Effects of the Wifdom and Pru* 
 dence of the Man whom they have opprefs'd,who 
 like worthlefs Heirs live on the unimproved Stock 
 of their great Predeceflbr : I wi(h, for my Coun- 
 try's Sake, that Stock would laft longer ; for when 
 one confiders our ill Succefs in every other Part, 
 except where the Influence of his Councils could 
 reach, there is too great Reafbn to fear that 
 Stock failing, Beggary, and the moii abjedt State 
 will enfue. 
 
 I difclaim any Attachment, any Connexion with 
 any Perfons, but thofe who Ihall labour for the 
 Good of their Country •, I will as heartily oppofe 
 one Minifter as another, ading contrary thereto in 
 what Refpe<5t foever. At the fame Time I will 
 render Juftice to every Man, tho' unknown ; 'tis 
 in vain to deny it : Time has fliewn, that the late 
 Minifter's Plans were great, his Defigns well con* 
 certed and efficacious •, fo efficacious, that they have 
 prevailed long after the Power has been cut off, in 
 Ipiteof the Clog, in fpiteof the want of Addrefs 
 in his Succeflbrs, which has difcover'd itfelf in e- 
 very one Thing without Exception, which they have 
 undertaken; that they have eclipfed his Glory, 
 is true -, not however bv fuperiour Brightnefs 
 (would they had !^ but by the Interpofition of 
 an opace Body, which has ftruck a fatal Chil- 
 nefs on our vital Heat and Vigom This fhort 
 :^^:- ■:.■'■■- ■ "" ■' ^:V' -: " .'' , '"~ .^■" -. .:. I. >;. >v Re-* 
 
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 (6) 
 
 Rctrofpci^t I have taken, with this fole View of find- 
 ing out fome Incentive for our Minifters, -willing 
 to excite them, if poflible, to make fomo Effort 
 for their Sinking Country i for if they are not dead 
 to all Senfe of Shame for thcmfelves, to all feeling 
 for the Public, if they regard any Thing befidea 
 their own fordid Gain, if they have any Thoughts 
 becoming Men, the Conmparlfon, their Meafures and 
 the Succefs attertding them, afford Matter for very 
 pungent Reflexions j but if the Objedk is too un- 
 pleafing for them to caft their Eyes on, it is worth 
 our while, when Men have made (bch grand 
 Profeflions of publick Spirit, and difinterefled 
 Zeal for the Welfare of their FcUow-SubjeXs, 
 to compare their Cotidud with the Condudt 
 f thofe whom they have fo vilified and abu- 
 ed on that very Head. CoiTipare then the 
 Meafures, in what are they different ? except that 
 at prefent they are lefs efFe£tual, and more expen- 
 five. Compare the Meafures, and need one ask if 
 lUch Oj)J)ofitiOh was any thing more than the 
 EffeX oi thb repining Envy of Men of ioftriour 
 Parts ? This was fufficiently evinced in the very 
 fiift Step taken by the Cabal, I mean with regard 
 to the Hire of Hanoverian Tro^- . This Mea- 
 fure exclaimed againft in Privr l, yet fupported in 
 public by the fame Perfons,. was at laft made tL 
 Handle, for tbrcing from the Diredtion of Publick 
 Affairs the Man who was the grand . ObftaClc to 
 the Blefl^ings which they had in Sto>j for the Nation. 
 And now the Wifh'd-for Time was come, the Great 
 ^ra, the Angmenta * "Nafcentia of lafting Hap- 
 
 .-V v- Et frkptt indplidt fro<^^ men^^.'^:^'^^ti 
 !^afcil6rt me, they are not yet begun. It w^^ only 
 ih the Imagination of the credulous, who were fed 
 
 '■ ... ■■ : ' : ' .; ' ." ■■ "with 
 
 * "^hkhliavft'fcttiR h^M ijy MathematiciaBs, \vhtther 
 any -thing or nothing. 
 
 
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 'fe-V' 
 
^ (7) 
 
 with AiTuranccs, that au honourable Peace would 
 •be obtained, or the War prudently, vigoroufly and 
 frugally conducted *, that a thorough Reformation. 
 would be wrought at Home, all Grievances rc- 
 drefs*d,and we once more put on as good a Footing 
 as the Revolution, or its Coniquences, had at any 
 Time put us. This Expe(5lation was greedily en- 
 tertained, nay, the Certainty of thefe Events 
 reckoned on by fome, becaufe the Miniflry was at 
 this Time joined by a Set of Men, who had pub- 
 lickly declared they would never fit down con- 
 tented, till they faw an entire Separation -of the 
 Ele<^oratc from Englaftd. Who not vcrfed in Po- 
 litical Craft, would imagine that at this very Time 
 the fame Meafure fo condemned, fo exploded, was 
 carrying on,nnd indeed carried on truly to the Ruin 
 of this Country ? For if 1 6oco Hanoverians had been 
 this Year taken into Britijh Pay, as tlie pre- 
 ceding Year, and not Fooo only, the Viftory 
 at Fontenoyy tho' dear bought, had in all human 
 Probability been ours.But infteadof ViAory, wiaat 
 happened on that Day an Englijhman cannot without 
 Grief and fccret Compundion fpeak out. Our EUie* 
 mies tell with Pleafure. I cannot let pafs without 
 Notice, the Manner of taking thefe Troops inta 
 Britijh Pay. 
 
 A Subfudy was granted to the Queen of Hun-' 
 gary by the Parliament, but a Bargain previoufly 
 made by the Miniftry, that her Majcfty (hauld 
 therewith pay eight thouiand Hanoverians j and 
 what was very drole, this Bargain was never *de- 
 nied at that Time, tho* it was defigned pwpofely 
 to fcreen the Blufhes of the new Profelytes, and 
 has been fince owned, pubHckly owned, to have 
 been made entirely in Complaifance to them. The 
 Difadvantages of this Method were the Pretence it 
 gave for new Levy- Money, as well as the Money 
 generally paid for tlieir Return to foreign Troops 
 
 when 
 
 
 
 .A^:i^'>ift-l'"','< ^^■'•Wl^''-y-^}-^ .'iv- - -J 
 
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 M 
 
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 (8) - ; 
 
 when difmifs'd, which was allowed by us, was I fup- 
 pofe allowed by the Queen of Hungary, and will I 
 luppofe be allowed again by us. Some People perhaps 
 will laugh at my Wrong-headednefs, and call thefe 
 Things Advantages : I envy not their fuperiour 
 Judgment, -nd the Light in which they fee 
 Things. Advantages I will allow there may have 
 been ; but to Greaf Britain I am fure they were not 
 fo. To thefe Difadvantages we are to add, that 
 we paid thefe Troops, and the Queen of Hungary 
 had the abfolute Command of them, and might 
 have ordered them on what Service Ihe pleafed, 
 how contrary foever to tht Inclination or Judg- 
 ment of thofe who paid them. So that the only 
 Difference between the Meafurcs this Year, and 
 the preceding Year was, that the jf^umber of the 
 Troops was ieflened fatally for us, more Money 
 was paid in Proportion to the ^umber, the ab- 
 folute Command of them was Ibd:, and an Abufe 
 attempted to be put on the Underflandings of 
 the People, as if Hanoverians were no longer in 
 Britijh Pay, tho' paid with Brii^h Money. The 
 Advantages were, the Prefervation of a few Gen- 
 tlemens Complexions, (\ am a little afhamed to 
 mention fo (light an Affair on fo ferrous an Occa- 
 fion) but it is well known to have l/een the princi- 
 pal End propofed by this new Difpofition of Af- 
 fairs. Some pretended to defcry this farther Ad- 
 vantage, that the Hanoverians being nominally 
 difcharged from our Pay. we were not fo liable 
 to have that State-Trick play'd on us, which we 
 had experienced in the Hejfians, who were conti- 
 nued fo many Years in Briti/h Pay, and upon a 
 Retrofped appear to have been of no Benefit to 
 the State, Wife Projedors, who could fo propofc 
 to hedge in the Cuckow ! 1 hope they allow they 
 have fince had their Underftandings enlarged by 
 theCondudof our Miniftry.,. ^ 
 
 ' " ' '^ ;. r'-:" :. '■'- But 
 
 
 % 
 
of 
 
 But 
 
 C9) 
 
 But to proceed with the Tranfaiftiont of th^ 
 Year 1745 i the Afluranccs given of the Difpoli- 
 tion of the Dutchy who upon our taking vigorous 
 Mcafures, were to heartily join in the War, the 
 Certainty which fome People pretended to have of 
 their furniiliing 40,000 Men for the Field, greatly 
 contributed to accelerate our warlike Refolutions. 
 The Number of Men which the Dutch really fur- 
 nifhed for the Field, and their Behaviour in the 
 Field, are indelible Monuments of the Difcern- 
 ment of our Miniftry, and their great Infight 
 into Mankind. If this Behaviour of the Butch 
 furprifed our Miniftry, they were the only People 
 furprifed by it, the whole World befides expeded 
 it. For was it not rcafonable to fuppofe, that if 
 the Dutch dreaded the Confequences of declaring 
 War againft France^ they would equally dread 
 whatever would be fure to draw from France a 
 Declaration of War againft them ? And tho' in a 
 late Adbion the foreign Troops in Dutch Pay did 
 make fome Stand, yet they were fallen upon by 
 tht'Frenchy and forced upon their own Defence ; 
 and I believe it Will be allowed, that there is fome 
 Diftin^ion to be made between adling on the of- 
 five or defenfive. I fuppofe too without waiting to fee 
 the Dutch defert the fortified Towns in the Low- 
 Countries, with as much Readinefs aS if they had 
 thereby got rid of fome tirefome Burthen •, it would 
 not have been a very difficult Tafk for Men of fo 
 grcrtt Penetration as our Miniftry is bleft withal^ 
 to have learn'd their Way of thinking, with regard 
 to their Barrier, the Va.lue they fet upon it, now 
 much or little they had c^he Prefervation of it at 
 Heart *, for from fuch Circumftances, it might have 
 been poflfrble to have formed fome previous Judg- 
 jBient of their Cordiality and Affection to theCaufe. 
 Tho' I doubt they had too other Motives fc * their 
 Condu^l:. For tho' the Dutch have been perhaps 
 
 ^^' - > Q ■ - ■ .the 
 
 * ..*■■ 
 
ns 
 
 ■v^ 
 
 \ t 
 
 4 
 
 (10) 
 
 the Dupes of the French, and we moft certainly 
 the Dupes of the Dutch^ yet the Weaknefs of our 
 Councils has been a great Caufe of the whole. 
 
 For till more Honefty, more Wifdom, more 
 Ability, more Difcipline, particularly in our Navy 
 fliall appear, who lefs infatuated than ourfelves, will 
 exped Succefs in the Execution of our Aflfairs ? 
 And give me Leave here to a(k, what is Raftinefs ? 
 Is it any other than a blind precipitate Undertaking 
 of Ends, for which fufficient Means have not been 
 provided. If this Rule is juft, it is eafy to per- 
 ceive, that a Perfon may be at the fame Time both 
 rafti and ftupid. Nay, that there can be no Rafti- 
 nefs without fome Degree, fome Mixture of Stu- 
 pidity. For Difpatch in the Execution of well-con- 
 certed Meafures is the higheil Praife. So far is a 
 Man's Stupidity from being a Security againft rafii 
 Meafures, that it is from this Root alone they 
 fpring, they can never happen without it. 
 
 But I am gone a little too far in Point of Time, 
 it will be neceffary to look back •, for notwithftand- 
 ing the intolerable Load of Debt which the Na- 
 tion groaned under, and tjie fad Profpeft of ftill 
 adding Debts to Debts, to the great Surprife of all 
 Men knowing in Money Affairs, a Bargain was 
 unwarily and ignorantly made by our Miniftry, by 
 Means of v/hich the Rate of publick Intereft was^ 
 unneceflarily raifed, to the great Oppreflion of the 
 Publick as Debtors, to the great Detriment of the 
 old Creditors of the Publick, whofe Capital was 
 thereby leffencd in Value, thro' the Fall of publick 
 Stocks, which foon enfued, to the great Difcourage- 
 ment of Trade, which is generally carried on by 
 fome borrowed Stock, which mufl now advance its 
 Intereft:, in Proportion to that of the Publick, and 
 to the great Diftrefs of the Means of carrying 
 ' Vfi the War. While I am on the Head of Money 
 Affairs," it will be proper to obferv* on the extraor- 
 dinary 
 
rtainly 
 oi our 
 le. 
 
 more 
 Navy- 
 is, will 
 ffairs ? 
 hnefs ? 
 taking 
 3t been 
 o per- 
 le both 
 ► Rafh- 
 of Stu- 
 ;ll-con- 
 far is a 
 ift rafh 
 le they 
 
 Time, 
 hftand- 
 he Na- 
 of ftill 
 e of all 
 Hin was 
 ry, by 
 eft was^ 
 of the 
 of the 
 tal was 
 publick 
 )u rage- 
 on by 
 ance its 
 k, and 
 arrying 
 Money 
 »traor- 
 dinary 
 
 ( «« ) 
 
 dinary Bills of Experlces, of which not to tire the 
 Reader, I will only give an Inftance or two. Our 
 Troops in the Year 1 745, amounted on the Efti- 
 mate to 5194 Calvalry, and 19,420 Foot, together- 
 24,614. 
 
 In the Accounts of the War Office, there is 
 annexed to this Lift of Forces to be employed in 
 Flanders 9 an Eftimate of 11,918/. 11 s. for For* 
 age and Waggon Money. Befides this there is in. 
 the Accounts of this Year, 100,000/. for the ex- 
 traordinary Charge of Forage, Waggon Money, 
 and other Expences incurred or to be incurred, 't- 
 may perhaps be worth while to compare this witli 
 what was heretofore looked on as fgfficient for this 
 Service ; for in the Year 1703, a Regulation of 
 Forage and Waggon Money was made on the Foot- 
 ing of what the Troops received in the preceding 
 War, according to which Forage and Waggon 
 Money for the general Officers and Regiments of 
 Foot and Dragoons, was fix'd at 16,259/. ^5^- 
 The Dragoons amounted to 1 355, Foot to 15,008. 
 And the Forage, Waggon Money, and Recruits 
 for the Foreigners in Englijh Pay, purfuant to 
 Treaty are charged at 20,000 /. The Foreigners 
 amounted to 21,612 Men. 
 
 And again, in the Augmentation of 20,000 
 Men the fame Year, to be paid one half by Eng- 
 land^ the other by the Dutch ^ the Reckoning upon 
 this Article is nearly in the ikme Proportion, viz. 
 9260/4 for the 10,000 i whence this vaft" Difpro- 
 portion between the prefent and former Times, I 
 who am not (killed in making up militaryAccounts, 
 am unable tp fay ; for the great Lofs of Maga- 
 zines, for wliich an extraordinary Bill was afterwards 
 brought in, could nbt at that Time be forefeen. 
 There are I own tacked to the Article the V7ords 
 *' And other Expences •," but to afkwhat thofc o- 
 ther Expences were would certainly be very imper- 
 
 C 2 tinenc 
 
 ■-yJi.: 
 
 y>k;w.<«Ai-*' 
 
kViir 
 
 ^i 
 
 ■ i 
 
 \4 * 
 
 U 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 { 12 ) 
 
 tinent, and to find Fault without afking would be 
 equally or more impertinent, at leaft in me, who am 
 but a private Man. But this is not all, for there is 
 an After-charge for Forage of 92,861/. us. 4^. 
 Cover and above the 100,000/. and 11,918/. 11s.) 
 Magazines taken by the Enemy included, which 
 ihe^Vs, notwithftandinjg what ignorant People may 
 have thought, that the former Sums were infufficient. 
 In order to view thefe Articles of Expence in their 
 proper Lights, I will only obfen/e, that they are 
 cxclufive of what ought to be deducted on thisHead, 
 from the eftablifhed Pay of the Cavalry, exclufive 
 of the Forage of the General and Staff-Officers of 
 the Hofpital, and exclufive of the extraordinary 
 Charge of Forage for the foreign Troops in our Pay. 
 And that a Ration coll the Government 10 Pence, 
 fi. 'Ration per Day is fufficient for a Horfe, if the For- 
 age be good, and confifl of 16 Pounds of Hay, 
 6 Pounds of Straw, and about 3 Quarters of a 
 Peck of Corn. For from thefe Articles one may 
 form fome Idea of this Charge. Some of the 
 Means by which this great Expence was incurred 
 were thefe : In Summer, the 6 d. deducted for For- 
 age was not placed to the Account of Forage. In 
 Winter, Forage was delivered out at the Magazine 
 for 6 d, per Ration, for which the Government, 
 however, when they bought in paid 10 d. But if 
 any Officer was furnifli'd any other Way than from 
 the Magazine, he was allowed ^d. upon every Ra- 
 tion, on a Suppofition that he thereby expended 
 more by 4.d. than he would have done at the Maga- 
 zine for the fame Quantities -, tho' in Fa£t he bought 
 at Sd.i, whereby he became a Gainer (if the ^d, 
 was paid clear of Dedudions) of 3 Half-pence on 
 every Ration, which was an Encourage rr.ent to the 
 Officer not to buy at the Magazine provided for 
 that Vurpofe. Whether by this Pradlice any Lofs 
 arifcs to die Publick, or in what Manner, if any 
 
 , Thing 
 
( '3 ) 
 
 Thing remains at the End of the Ytfar^ it is ac- 
 counted for, may be worth Enquiry. I am far from 
 thihking th,ait there were not other Means by which 
 this great Charge was brought on the Nation, it 
 could not have been by thefe alone. But I pofliibly 
 am very much out of the Way in ftudying how 
 Ttungs are in the lead to be accounted for^ while 
 others in a'Manner more adapted to their Purpofe 
 ftudy only how to avoid accounting for them ac aH. 
 
 Tho' every Body has heard of the Thinnefs of 
 the Troops in General at the Battle of Fonunoy^ 
 I will not fcrutinize on this Occafion the real 
 Strength of our Army •, for tho' it iKould appear 
 that when publick E:ipencc?s sre on the one Hand 
 immenfely encreafed, on the other publick Services 
 are extremely leflTened, what would be gained in 
 the prefent Temper of Mankind, by the Dffcovery 
 but the unavailing Knowledge that private People 
 gain beyond Meafure, and that the Publick is be- 
 yond Meafure abufed ? There was a Time, •* Whtn 
 " paying the Army any otherwife than by the 
 *' Mufters of effeftiveMen was look'd Ofi as a great 
 M wafting of the publick Treafurc.'* There is 
 charged for Bread Waggons 49,960/. is, tod. for 
 the 24,614 Men. A/Vhereas, according to the Ac- 
 counts abovementioned made up In the Year 1703, 
 Bread Waggons for 40,000 are fet at 20,000. For 
 Mareflial Kortigfeg, being hisMajefty's Proportion, 
 of the Confideration for his Services, 7042/. ^s. id. 
 This by the Words feems to have been a free Gift 
 and A6t of Generofity. Marefhal Konigfeg^s Ser- 
 vices are fo well known, that I need not fay any 
 Thin£ 3n that Head. 
 
 As to the eight Weeks Pay to the Hanoverians 
 fortheirReturn, amounting to 5yi965l. 9J. 2</.|. 
 I will fay little, concerning the ufual Cuftom on 
 thefe Occafions, which is to allow fometimes a 
 Month, fometimes a long Month of 42 Days -, if 
 
 there 
 
 Ii 
 
n 
 
 V, 
 
 
 
 (14) 
 
 there is an Inftance to be found of eight Weeks 
 allowed, tho' it may differ in particular Circum- 
 ftances, yet it will without Doubt ferve for the 
 Juftification of fhewing this Favour to the Hano- 
 verians. But if we had forefeen the Neceffity 
 which would arife for taking them again into our 
 Pay, the Impoflibility of going on without them, 
 this Expence might have been fpared. But our 
 Adminiftration has- a6led like a coy affedled Mi- 
 ftrefs, whofe Surrender is preceded by a thoufand 
 ridiculous Extravagancies. ... 
 
 Excludit Revocaty &c.* ' ' 
 
 In the Navy too, the Difference of Expence 
 between the lall War with France^ and the prefent 
 is furprizing in many Particulars. If the People 
 wonder, that when our annual Expences are fo 
 much greater, yet our Efforts are impotent, and 
 the Event fo difgraceful to us, tho' that of the lalt 
 ^ar was fo glorious there is one and the fame 
 Reafon, both for the Enormity of the Expence 
 3nd the Suceefs attending it. The like Influence 
 produces the like Effect univerfally throughout, as 
 well here at Home, as in every other Place where we 
 are concerned. But as Accounts are too dry and 
 unentertaining for the Generality of Mankind to 
 enter into, I will referve what Obfervations I have 
 to make, for a feparate Treatife, in which I pro- 
 pofe when I have Leifure to fhew with how little 
 CEconomy this War is carried on. In the mean 
 Time, I will juft fay a Word of the Remittances 
 for paying the Troops Abroad. In the Year 1 743, 
 the Contract made with Mr. Gore for 10 Guilders, 
 1 3 Stivers for a Pound Sterling, was the Subjed of 
 great Complaint and feveie Inve6lives againft the 
 Adminiftration j it having appeared that M. Muil- 
 man ^lid Wilkinfon^ had offered 10 Guilders 16 St. 
 for a Pound Sterling. After this publick Notice 
 • • -^ '■■•""■' .; ''''■" ' wha 
 
 • Tercn. Eunuch. 
 
(IS) 
 
 x^ho can doubt that all poflible Care has been taken 
 to procure the bed Bargain which could be obtained ; 
 I own I have no doubt. And tho' in the Pay of 
 the Hejfmns for the Year 1 745, a Pound Sterling 
 is reckoned but at 10 Guilders 10 Stivers -, yet to 
 fufped that the remaining fix Stivers were divided 
 
 fairly between our M rs and the Remitter, or 
 
 even to commend thc'.r fquare dealing with the 
 Remitter, by fuch equal Apportionment would be 
 downright Scandal and Malice. I faid before, 
 and I repeat it again, I have no doubt as to their 
 having made the beft Bargain they could. — It has 
 been faid, that the foreign Troops have a right 
 '* * To a Pound Sterling, or the Produce of a 
 Pound Sterling in Butch Money, for every 10 
 Guilders 10, we are obliged to pay them, and 
 confequently our remitting their Money at a 
 higher Rate, than 10 Guilders, 10 Stivers per 
 Pound Sterling, -can be of no Advantage to 
 this Nation, nor can our remitting it at a 
 " lower Rate than 10 Guilders 16 or* 18 Stivers 
 '* be anyLofs." Was this the Cafe, there would 
 have been a Merit, which I wonder was not in- 
 filled on, in remitting the Money for paying the 
 foreign Troops at no higher Rate than 10 
 Guilders, 10 Stivers, becaufe the Remitters being 
 EngUJhmen^ there would have lefs Money gone 
 out of this Nation by 6 Stivers in every Pound 
 Sterling. But without (laying to make Obfer- 
 vations on the Abfurdity of this Pofition, which 
 cannot fail at firll Sight of coming acrofs every 
 Man of the leaft Refledion, I will go to Matter 
 of Fadl. The Treaty of 1745, by which the 
 Heffians were taken into Br i tip Pay, fays, that the 
 Pay Ihall be fettled on the Foot of the Treaty 
 of 1702. Articles 5 and 6, and of the Treaty of 
 
 Thefe two laft Treaties 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 cc 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 726, 
 
 740. 
 
 refer, 
 
 • Sec Uic Debates in P- 
 
 ntm 
 
■i 
 
 w 
 
 'il 
 
 
 i ■ . r 
 
 l> -i! 
 
 I! :l 
 
 (16) 
 
 refer, a* w^U a$ <^t of 1 745, to th^ Treaty of 
 170?, for the Regulation of their Pay. Upon 
 <u)nful(;ing the Article 5 an4 6» of the Tre»ty of 
 lyoZf ther<^ i;s rvpt a Wor<i of their Pay j the 5tli 
 fays, that the Recruits /hall be on the fame Foot 
 n^ thofe of the States-General ; and the 6th> that 
 the Waggons and other Equipage (hall likewife 
 be on the fame Foot ; the 34 AttjcJc, however, of 
 the Treaty of 1702, fays, that the Heffians fiiall 
 be paiid on the fame Foot 9» the States-General 
 pay their own Troops i a|id if ihefe are iiQt the 
 prefent Conditions., I can Hnd none at all. If then 
 they are to be paid on the fp.-ve Foot as the Du^ch 
 pay theirs, what have we t^ do but to purchafe 
 J)ut£b Money as cheap a^ we can ? To get as 
 piany Guilders, or as many Stivers as we are able 
 for a Pound Sterling of Engliftf Money to pay 
 thofe Troops witlial ? Can any Thing he plainer ? 
 put to kave this Affair. Qn what Side foever one 
 turns ones Ey-es, ejccept were the unreftrAined, 
 jininfluenced^ uncorrupt Spirit of Parliament fu- 
 iperintends and watches ov^ the publick Good. 
 Abufes Q^ various Kinds fo abound in aimoft all 
 the Concerns of this Coi,intry, that one may ven- 
 ture to affirm, that no Opportunity is omitted of 
 jmpoverifliing the Nation, that every one who 
 ferves has his Province of PI — ^, for the Prefe- 
 rence ot ferving upon the loweft Terras is a poor 
 Obligation. If then iUch Advantages are to be 
 drawn from the Continuance $f a War, one may 
 <;xpe<5t to fee an End of it, when Avarice, (atiatcd 
 wjyth Gain, becomes moderate, and feel* Compaf- 
 fion for a fufferinjg Country. i . 
 
 But the Sqene changing, let us turn our Eyes 
 on the RebeJ^on j Jet us ^e H an inteftine Vi(ar 
 iias been managed with more Vigour and Cirbunt- 
 fre^lion than ^ Foreign one. Tho' we fboyld be 
 forced to allow, that our Minifters were afleep at 
 
 that 
 
 •K''; 
 
. ' < '7) 
 
 tWc Time, when they received the firft NtWi 
 I'rom * Abroad of War levying in this Kii gdom ; 
 yet fuch News could not but awaken their Vigi- 
 lance, and the near Approach of Danger add a 
 Cioad to their Underftanding, and call forth their 
 latent Parts. And now atter this Nod we may 
 ( xpecft to fee' them, teady to riin the Race, like a 
 Viiant refrelli'd with Wine; nor is it poflible to 
 fuppofe, this Tempeft not only impending but dif- 
 tovered that any Opportunity was omitted of 
 giving the Subjecl Protedion, which is the firft 
 Caufe of the Inllitutio.i of Government, and in all 
 free Countries the only End of Allegiance. It was 
 Mortification enough to fee our Glory blafted 
 Abroad; dur former Credit now only ferving to 
 remind us of what we were, but-to fee too the Evil 
 brought hbnie to our very Doors^to fee an Admi- 
 nillration dilatory to extend the Proteftion of the 
 (government againfl; the Violence of Rebellion Cif 
 it is polfible to imagine fuch a Cafe) muft have 
 "been to the Sufferers a Heart-breaking \ to their 
 ' rellow-Subjeds, Matter of thehighclt Pity. Yet 
 how tinder fo vigilant a Miniftry, the Rebellion 
 fofe to fb great a Height, and lafted lb longj how 
 Irom fo fmall a Beginning it over-run fuch a Tra<jt 
 of Country, and involved Multitudes in the ut- 
 fiiofh Calamity, I am at a Lofs to fay* That the 
 Pretender's Eklefl: Son was a long Time unob- 
 ^ ih'v^d m Scotland, perfonally fomenting Difturb- 
 unces, and preparing "War on the Crown of Great 
 Britahty is now a Secret to none. When the 
 ' Flame brOke out thaithe Well-^affeded, if they 
 could have obtained tieave^would have made Head 
 ' againft, and if not have crufh'd^ the Rebellion in 
 ' its Infkncy, at leail have greatly retardi^d its 
 ■ Progrefs, is pretty well known. Whereas .the 
 
 
 '■iy. • The News w*b faU 
 , by Way of Hanevft. 
 
 to come from the King of PruJ^a^ 
 
 .-.W*-' 
 
\ 1; 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 ( >8 ) 
 
 Advantages obtained by the Prctehdef" drew irf 
 Numbers, who probably would never have joined 
 the Party without them j fome perhaps for want 
 of Prote(5tion, who were much to be pitied ^ and 
 even for others, wliofe faultering Allegiance was 
 completely feduced by an Appearance of Succefs, 
 if no Regard orCompalTion was to be had to them, 
 yet fome Regard, fomc Compaflion ought to have 
 been had for thofe, who by this Increafe of Strength 
 of the Rebels, became more expofed to their Op- 
 preflion j and there was yet a greater Confidera- 
 tion, the Danger to the Crown, to the Liberty, 
 Laws and Religion of this Country, for by this 
 Delay, the Rebellion we all know, grew fo 
 formidable as to (hake the very Throne. What 
 other Care was taken, what Orders iflued, and 
 Of what Date, I cannot fay, I Ihould be very glad 
 to be informed. The Battle of Prejion-Pans was 
 tought on the 2 ill of September^ fome Months 
 after the Pretender's Son landed in Scotland ; 
 "Which, tho* late in Time, was yet in one Senfe 
 precipitately engaged in, and ought to have been 
 cautioufly avoided, as the Rebels were grown fo 
 ftrong^ till a fufficient Number of Forces had been 
 drawn together, to have made the Blow fure. And 
 tho* the Rebels attacked the King's Army at 
 ' Prefton-Puns, on the other Hand tlie Orders were 
 faid to be pofitive and abfolute for bringing on an 
 A6tion as foon aspoflible. If the Pretender '^s 
 Son had profited of that Opportunity, had march- 
 ed on direftly to England^ the Pannick it would 
 have ftruck his Succefs and elated Fortune, might 
 have had an extreme ill Effcdt. But his Stay in 
 Scotland giving Time for more cool and ferious 
 Reflexions to take Place, he found very little Ac- 
 count by his Expedition into England. So that by 
 great Lyck and kind of Infat«acion> the Advantages 
 gained by tKe Enemy at that Tune proved not fo? 
 
 
 
 ..AA.'^ -• 
 
 
( J9 ) 
 
 fatal to us, as there was a Poflibility of their doing, 
 cfpecially as a Set of Men, who had been long in- 
 jurioufly traduced, made no other ufc of that fair 
 Opportunity which prefented itfelf, but as in a 
 fort of Pijrgatory to clear their Charadters, and 
 convince the World, that upon the moft trying 
 Occafion fcarce a Man was to be found in South 
 Britain^ who was not a Friend to the prefent Fa- 
 mily. But no Thanks for this to the Councils of 
 pur Miniftry •, this was owing to the Uprightnefs 
 and Integrity of Men, whom they had on this very 
 Head fo calumniated, fo often, fo unjuftlyabufed. 
 But as thefe Gentlemen very probably meet witt^ 
 great Reproaches and Scandal, from thofc wha. 
 were difappointed in their unjuft fexpe<5bations of 
 Aififtance from them ; let us on our Part do them . 
 Juftice, and found forth the Praifca' they have 
 defer ved. ' 
 
 To the Battle of Prefion Pans fucceeded that 
 of Falkirk^ where the fame Troops which had 
 behaved notorioufly ill at Preftori Pans, were em- 
 ployed again, and by a like Behaviour occafionecj 
 a like Misfortune. The firft was entirely the Fault 
 of the Troops, the fecond of thofe who employ- ' 
 ed them, for they might have fent others in their 
 Stead. For it will not be pretended that the Govern- 
 ment had no more Horfe to fpare for that Service, 
 it was given as a Reafonwhy more Horfe was notf 
 fent, that the Country cpuid not fubfift them, but 
 furely it could as well fubfift Horfe that had never 
 failed in their Duty, as thofe who had given fo fad 
 an Inftance of what was to be expelled from them. 
 But the great Mafter-piece of Politicks remains 
 to be related. A Mafter-piece (I fpeak it in fober 
 Serioufnefs) fufH^ient tp aftonifti and puzzle the 
 whole World i I mean with regard to the 6000 
 Men which the Dutch were obliged by Treaty to 
 "* f9r the Relief of this Country. The Dc- 
 
 *P ^ • figna 
 
:'!K' 
 
 w X 
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 figns of great Miniflcrs arc generally impenetra-' 
 hlc till fome Event difcovers their Aim v but the 
 Defigns of our Minilters are To deej)ly laiJ, io 
 great Matters arc they in the Art of Sinking, that 
 hot even the Event lays their Meaning open to \hc 
 View of the World. Of this Sort was that great 
 Stroke in Tohticks I was fpeaking of; for the 
 \Vorkl are even now at a Lofs to devine why Six 
 Thoufand Dutch were callni into our Aid, whg 
 coukl not poflibly atl at all, as being under, the 
 Capitulation of Tournaj, by whieh they were re- 
 flrained from bearing Arms againll: the King of 
 France or his Allies tor three Years. The Dutcfj 
 indeed had the Caution to demand of the Jl'l^c Deia-i 
 'i'ille, the French Minifter at the Hague, whether or 
 no the King of France abetted tlie Undertakings of 
 the Pretend-^r, or held him as an Ally. The French 
 Minifter very readily denies that the Pretender 
 is an Ally of the Crown of Frence. This Decla- 
 ration fufficiently anfwered the Purp6res of the 
 Dutch, who had no need to make any fartlun- En- 
 quiries than as to the j^efent Time, but being let 
 at Liberty fo far, were unwilling to (hew them- 
 felves worfc Friends, than all the reft of the 
 World, who to do them Juftice generally accept-our 
 Money with great Willingncrs, how little Advan- 
 tage foevcr we are likely to draw from it; We ac- 
 cordingly take the 6000 Dutch into our Pay, and 
 are at the Expence of tranfporting them into Fjh' 
 gland, wl'.en the King of France, in a very un- 
 friendly Manner, (tho' it m.uft be ov/ned, he wa's 
 at open War with us, and a profefs*d Enemy) 
 without making his Intentions known before w^ 
 had tranfported them, fuffers us to put ourfelves 
 to that great Expence, after which he orders 
 thefe Troops (before we had made the leaft «fe of 
 them), back to Holland, and by fpeaking a Word 
 obliges us; to retranfport them tliere. Suclta Jeft diid 
 
 Derifion 
 
 1 
 
 fl?*S 
 
(2>) .. 
 
 pciifion are we to thofe who are round about us, 
 rlow then to replace thefe 6000 Dutch is the Qiie- 
 ftion. Why ? very properly, with 6000 Heffiam. 
 We have now bought Experience. The Dutch 
 have given a fufficient Warning to us. Care is 
 taken, we are clear, that the Ihjjians were never 
 Prifoners to tlve French^ or under any Articles of 
 Capitulation. The Ueffuins arrive, what is the 
 DilBculty now. Vv'hy ? There is no Cartel for Ex- 
 thange of Prilbners fettled with the Enemy. I 
 believe there never was at any Tinje a Cartel fet- 
 tled with Rebels ; and People who fight pro a^is 
 l^ focisy are not to entertain any Confiderationof 
 that Kind, but that is not the Cafe of Foreign 
 Troops J and the Cavi' made by the Hejfians oji 
 this Head, fliews our great Want of a Man of A- 
 bilities to direft Qur Affairs, who would have fa- 
 pulated exprefs Conditions, and guarded ai^ainfl: 
 that Policy, fo prevalent almoft every where at 
 prefent, of ufing every Art to preferve Troops. 
 The Heffmns however did, I believe, ferve linder 
 one of oui- Officers in beating up fome Parties, 
 but this was faid to be the Eiiedt of that Officer'* 
 Prudence, aiid not of thofe who fent for thofc 
 Trpops over, and tho^ the beating up a few Par- 
 tics was of no great Cpnfequencc, if tiie Prince of 
 Ilejfe in order to fave Appearances had givtu 
 Leave f^r fo doing -, yet it is affirmed, that Leave 
 iwx^ not given, at lealt avowedly even for this, To 
 have fallen gn " two fuch Plunders fuccpffively could 
 hot have Happened but from an extreme little 
 Share of Luck as well as of other Things. 
 ' When our own Troops were called Home, it 
 was Matter of great Surnrife to People of but 
 common Underftanding, to find them landed here 
 in the South, when they might with equal Eafc 
 have been landed in the North, where the Rebel- 
 lion at that Time raged, ai^d where by their Pre- 
 ■' ' * . ■ - • fence 
 
i. 
 
 si 
 
 It 
 
 '11 
 
 IIP 
 
 ' ■ 'ill 
 
 li 
 
 .1.!' 
 
 (22) 
 
 fence they would have difcouraged the Growth of 
 it. This fome having obferved a certain Degree 
 of Heavincfs in the Underftandings of our Mini- 
 IVers, pretendea to account for upon that Principle, 
 as Bowls by the Power of the included Lead are 
 carried in a Curve Line to their Mark -, others 
 excufed it by pretending it was done for the Secu- 
 rity of the Capital. But the firft Conjecture ha§ 
 fmce been confirmed by a late Event, which It 
 will not be amifs to compare with the former, for 
 by the Comparifon and Concurrence of corrobo- 
 ratingCircumftances the natural Awkwardnefs, an4 
 eilrayed UnderP-anding of our Minifters will ap- 
 pear, for in the late Expedition to Port Lorient, 
 after Admiral Leftock had lain Wind-bound a lon§ 
 while at Plymouth, it was thought proper to fend 
 a farther Reinforcement to that Undertaking, which 
 was ordered to embark on the River Thames^, it) 
 order to Coaft it round to Plymouth, for which 
 purpofe it was neceflary, that the Reinforcemer 
 Ihould wait for fuch a Wind as would carry Mr. 
 J^eftock out of the Channel; whereas had they 
 marched by Land, the Roads and Weather good, 
 they might have probably reached Mr. Leftock be- 
 fore he could have found an Opportunity of fail- 
 ing. But this was during the Summer, in Winter 
 by a ftrange Inverfion of the order ot Things, we 
 unneccflarily feek the Fatigues and Lofs of Time 
 attending a March in bad Roads and bad Weather, 
 ilowjver, one agreeable Reflexion occurs upon the 
 whole, for if the Pretender could not fucceed a-r 
 gainft fuch an Oppofition, as made fome People 
 afraid the Government was be--ed ; our Security 
 is very great i he can have very little Chance for 
 the iuture. 
 
 The infinite Lpfs fuftaincd by our Merchants 
 ^uring the Time the French amufed our Fleet by 
 in Invafion, with which they threatened us from 
 
 Dunkirk^ 
 
 ;!* 
 
of 
 
 ( *3 ) 
 
 Hunkirk, will n^t foon be forgot by them •, their 
 Misfortunes and diftrefs*d Circumftances thereby 
 brought on fomc of them, will not fail of re- 
 minding them perhaps as long as they live. Tho* 
 moft Men of any Refledion were perfuaded, that 
 the French never intended to make any confidera- 
 ble Effort in Favour of the Pretender -, that their 
 Scheme was no more then to create Difturbances 
 in Great Britain, by Means of her own Country- 
 men, at as little Expence of French Troops as pof- 
 fible, to deftroy Britons by Britons^ as ilie had 
 before in Germany, Germans by Germans, and divert 
 the Attention of our Fleet from the Protedlion of 
 our Trade i tho' this Opinion Was founded on a 
 great deal of Reafon •, for whatever Benefits wc 
 enjoy under the prefent Royal Family, of which 
 ho Man can be more fenfible than I am, in what' 
 ever Misfortunes a Revolution would involve us by 
 a Cllange in our Religion or other Means : They 
 very little Regard the King of France : Nor can it 
 be fuppofed he troubles himfelf with the Mode of 
 Worfliip, which prevails in Great Britain, pro- 
 vided it be not that of the Roman Carholick ; 
 for I believe it would be no very pleafine Profpedt 
 for him, to fee the Power of the Court oi Rome ex- 
 tended, and its ancient Tyranny beginning to revive ; 
 nor would it be very agreeable News for him to hear, 
 that thofe Shackles of ourTrade andL— yf^our im- 
 menfe publick Debt j were ftruck off and annihilated. 
 Yet all this I fay in Praife of our Adminftration, 
 for 1 do not profefs finding Fault •, on the contrary, 
 I am glad for my Country's Sake, when there is a 
 PofTibility of commending their Meafures. And 
 Chcy certainly did right in taking all the Precau- 
 tions againfl the pretended Invafion, as if it was 
 really intended *, for (as a famous General of old 
 feid) " I did not thirdc this could have happened, 
 *! wouW have bgen a verv poor Excufe." But 
 
 what 
 
i 
 
 i'' ' i 
 
 1^1 
 
 i^/i 
 
 
 ( 24 ) • 
 
 what I blame, what the Merchant, and the Countr}^ 
 who is a SiifTerer thro* him has to complain of, is 
 that, confidering we had the Experience of the 
 French playing that Game ( I can call it notliing 
 elfe) upon us from Dunkirk^ when no Rebellion 
 fubfiiled in this Country -, a Rebellion raging, very 
 little Share of Siigacity and Forecaft was rcquifite to 
 forefce mat they would not fail of renewing the 
 fame Game, when they could do it to fo great 
 Advantage by ftriking a double Terror, and ren- 
 dering the Rebellion more formidable at Home, 
 by Dangrrs threatening from Abroad. And yet 
 as little Forecaft as was rcquifitej it was all want- 
 ing to our incxpreflrible Diftrefs ; for being fuf- 
 prized by a vShew of Preparations at Dunkirk, and 
 obliged to collect almoft all the Ships we could for 
 this Service •, in a very fl)0»-t Space ot Time we loO: a 
 very great and furprizing Number of Merchant- 
 Men. Whereas, if a Man of Abilities had had 
 the Diredion of our Affairs, he would have taken 
 early Care fo to have difpofcd our Fleet, that fome 
 Ships might have been Ipared foi' the Prote6tion 
 of our Trade near Home •, and tho* by calli'ig 
 fome S//ips Home, he had lefTened the Security in 
 other Placeo, would not have left the mod material 
 one quite dcfencelefs. Nor muft I pafs over in 
 Silence the original Caufe of this Dilafter, as well as 
 of niany others, the unaccountable Delay of fup- 
 
 prefTirtg the Rebellion. But tho* our M rs ' 
 
 Genius doth not if. in Land or Naval Armaments, 
 nor in the Management of Finances -, perhaps we 
 fhall find it in the Affairs of the Cabinet, in im- 
 proving at the different Courts of Europe all the 
 ravourable Opportunities, which offer themfelves 
 for the Advancement of the common Caufe. 
 
 The Difpofition of the Eniprefs of Rujfm, in 
 the Year 1745, towards the Eleflor of Saxony^ 
 and the ftrong Declaiationa which flie publilh'd of 
 
 ifirm 
 
( 25 ) 
 
 -a firm Refolution to fend him powerful AfTrftancf ,* 
 wfien the King of PruJ/ia was meditating an Irrup- 
 tion into Saxony^ are well known. All the World 
 is witnefs of the Effedts of her Imperial Majctty of 
 Ruffians Declarations ; and the Check they gave 
 to the Projefts of that Prince, who, to do him 
 Juftice, doth not want Difcemment and Infight 
 into Men or Things, is fomc Sort of Proof of th^ Se- 
 rioufnefs of her Intentions, even to thofe who have 
 not had any Opportunity of being informed of 
 the Tranfa6tions of the Cabmet at that Time. 
 
 The vigorous Meafures which the King of 
 PruffiaSsLW the Czarina ready to enter on, dilcon- 
 certed his Schemes, tied up his H' ids, and ren- 
 dered for fome Time the Man, who was one of 
 the principal Caufes and Support of the Diftur- 
 bances of this Part of the WorW, as a mere Cypher 
 in the Affairs of Eurape : At this Tim" ac this 
 critical Time, who of all People in the World 
 fhould find the Means to extricate his Prujfian 
 Majefty out of thefe Difficulties •, and by a pref- 
 fing * Soliiokation at the Court of Petershourg fet 
 him at Liberty to purfue Views fo fatal to the 
 Caufe which we make Profeffion to efpoufe:. 
 No one furely can fulbcdt thofe very People, 
 
 E whofc 
 
 * To convince the Reader, tbtt Great Britain U not hereby 
 meant ; 1 will quote Part of the Treaty of Warfanu concluded 
 this Year, January tht 8th ; wherein it is faid, ** That if in 
 *' Cohfequence of his P«/^ Majetty the Eleftor of Saxonfs 
 
 Engagements by the prefent Alliance, his States in G/rm^ui); 
 ihould be attaok'd, beikles the <f&£live Affifiance the Allies 
 
 would give for his immediate Defence ; they would ufe their 
 
 utmoft Efforts to procure him from the AggreiTor full Sacif- 
 '< faction for the Damage he may thereby follain ; and for th'C 
 "' Purpofo, in Cafe any of the Countries (hould be feized on, 
 *' they fliall not lay down their Arms untill the (ame be 
 " fully reftored to him. Art. 7th.'* This is a full Proof of our 
 friendly Difpofition towards his Polijh Majefty : Which will 
 j^rther appear, whenever the Letters, which in this Year pafled 
 ^Ktweea ch^ Courts of ftttrjbourg and Lndan come toli^ht. 
 
 «. 
 
 *< 
 
IM 
 
 111. 
 
 f 
 
 m\ 
 
 5l 
 
 1!^ 
 
 (26) 
 
 whofc Schemes to baffle, and Exp^nees to frufr 
 trate, he looks on his nioft elTential Intereft 
 as well as Glory. No one fiirely can fufpe(5t, 
 that thofe very People fhould now with a more 
 than Chriftian Charity (which only requires to 
 turn the other Cheek alio) induftrioufl^' confirm 
 that Power in his Hands with which he was about 
 to fcourge them» Ihould pull down with one 
 Hand, what they build up with the other, Ihould 
 undermine the Queen of Hungary by their Coun^ 
 cils, while they fupport her with their Purfe. For 
 from fuch inconfiftent Conduft what could we ex- 
 pert ? I would willingly fet in the ftrongeft Light, 
 would give all the Force they are capable of to 
 the Arguments which were faid to prevail with 
 . — s, and were with great Earneftnefsprefs'd on the 
 Court of Petershourg for the Attainment of this 
 End. It was faid that the Treaty of Brejlaw^z.%. 
 renewed by the Courts of London and Pruffia^ to 
 which nothing was wantir^g but the Acceflion of the 
 Queen of Hungary^ for whom reafonable Terms 
 were already procured from the King of Pruffia^ 
 that her Obftinacy protraded the War, that to 
 give her Succour would be an Encpuragement ta 
 that Obftinacy, would be kindling up and fpread- 
 ing farther that Flame, which ought to be extin- 
 guifh'd, that if there was no other Remedy for 
 her Obftinacy, fhe ought to fuffer the Confe- 
 quences of her own Folly, that the War ought to 
 be reduced within narrower Limits, in order the 
 more eafily to put an End thereto. 
 
 Tho' the Authors of the Treaty of Hanover 
 went upon the Plan of the Treaty of Brejlaw^ 
 and exprefly and avowedly copied after it, it doth 
 doth not follow, becaufe the Authors of the one. 
 Treaty were extremely juilifiable, were higMy 
 commendable, that the Authors of the other were 
 not highly biameable. It often happens to low 
 
C27) 
 
 Undcrftandings to fervilely imitate Men of great 
 Genius, in what they think a fimilar Cafe, with- 
 out fufficiently confidering whether the Circum- 
 llancc of one, and the other Cafe entirely corref- 
 
 r)nd. That the Circumftances here widely differ, 
 need not mention. The firft Time that a Truft 
 or Confidence is placed in a Man, if that Perfon 
 deceives thofe who Truft him, the Fault is gene- 
 rally placed to the Account of him who deceives, 
 but the fecond Time of thofe who trult. What 
 then are we to do ? Wage eternal War ? No cer- 
 tainly, but if an Opportunity offers to reduce fuch 
 a Perfon to an InabiUty of doing Mifchief, I 
 would fooner truft to fuch Inability than his broken 
 Faith. The Spirit which governs the King of 
 Pruffta is from Experience very well known -, it is 
 very well known that he is a Proteus ^ whom no 
 Engagements but fuperiour Force can bind ; what 
 then has been done by the Renewal of the Treaty 
 oi BreJlaw^zxiA o — -r wife Intrigues at the Court of 
 Peters bourg ? Why ? — took the Czarina'^ took 
 the Ele6tor of Saxony out of our own Scale \ and 
 out of the Enemies Scale, what did — take ? No- 
 thing at all. If we made the King of Prujfia an, 
 apparent Friend, it was eafily feen, that he was 
 dill a fecret Enemy; that he concealed himfelf 
 only to gain Time, and difperfe that Tqmpefl: 
 which was gathering on the Side of Ruffia, that 
 he would be ready to declare himfelf, as he 
 Jiad before done, whenever the Occafions of 
 France fliould require, when we Ihould not find it 
 fo eafy to engage again the Eledlor of Saxony and 
 Czarina in our Caufe. Accordingly we Bnd him 
 (if any Credit is to be given to publick Accounts) 
 making Preparations, no one (I believe) fufpefts 
 with a Defign of affifting the Queen of Hungary •, 
 but I fear if flie finds it poffible to pufli her For- 
 tune in Prrjence, and the NeceiEties of France 
 
 E 2 urge 
 
■ I 
 
 |1 I" 
 
 i 
 
 
 urge, to nip (as he for ever will do) our SucccfS 
 in che Bud, and blafl our riling Hopes. 
 
 And what has been the Confequences with re- 
 gard to the Elector of Saxony^ whom — drove, 
 — forced out cf our Intcreft,madehim pay feverely, 
 nay» almoft reduced to Ruin, for engaging in it. 
 At prefent there is great Probability of his being 
 as clofely united to Francty as the firmeft of her 
 Friends. We do our own Bufinefs, work our 
 own Deftrudlion by our ill-formed Councils and 
 miftaken Conduct, more efFe(ftually than the Ene- 
 my. Give me Leave, while I am fpeaking of the 
 Eleftor of Saxony^ to makeup the Account more 
 compleatly, which I was dating above ; for— 
 have not only taken the Elcftor of Saxony out of 
 our Sc?.le» but placed in the Enemies Scale. If we 
 are fa adroit in the Caufe of our Enemies, if wc 
 have an Adminiflrallon fb 
 
 IttcUdes ingeniofa fuasy 
 
 Wlio can wonder at our abjeft State ? But I muft 
 not !b let pafs that tinfel Reafon, that Mockery 
 of common Senfe, that Impotency of Undcr- 
 ftanding, by which it is pretended, that keeping 
 the Ruffians out of the War, was the ready Way 
 to Ihorten it. A moft excellent Method <i 
 Ihorttning the War, by rejecting new Allies, and 
 rend ring our old ones fo weak, as not to be able 
 to carry it on ! A moft notable Way of procu- 
 ring Peace ! How could it poflibly Ihorten the 
 War, but by our Acceptance of a bad Peace ? If 
 refufing to increafe the Number of our Allies, 
 was a likely and proper Means of putting an End 
 to the War, there is ftill a more likely, a more 
 proper one by throwing down our Arms, and re- 
 ceiving the Law from the Conqueror. I believe 
 I need not purfue this Point any farther. I hope 
 the Nation will agree, that the moft proper Means 
 
 - for 
 
mwEss^s^ 
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 for Briuns to have fought Peace, was by endea- 
 vouring at a Superiority over the Enemy. But 
 we have fo bilked and bafRed the Defigns of thofe 
 who were well inclined to our Caufe, fo abufed 
 thofe who were engaged in jt> fo marred all Things, 
 that if Heaven doth not do more for us, than we 
 ourfelves can do againft us, we are irrecoverably 
 loft. The intereft of the King of Prujfm^ or, 
 what is more materiaJ, the Light in which he 
 fees his own* Intereft, tho* fo vifible, fo obvious, 
 has been fo little under ftood, or if underftood, 
 has been fo little regarded (not I hope upon any 
 Confiderations which I Ihall immediately mention) 
 by the Directors of our Affairs, that I will fay a 
 Word on this Head,tho' touch*d upon before. It 
 is undeniably our Intereft to raife the Houfe of 
 Auftria to fuch a Height as to be a Balance to the 
 Power of France, and that too as independently as 
 poflible of the other Princes of Germany. But 
 from thence to imagine that it is the Intereft too of 
 the Princes of Germany , to fix fuch a Power in the 
 Houfe of Auftria, is, to reafon for them upon the 
 Footing of our own Intereft, and not of theirs. It 
 is the Intereft perhaps of all the Princes in Ger* 
 many (and I am afraid it is but too well under- 
 ftooid by moft of tlicm j to deprefs the Houfe of 
 Auftria, and leflen that Power which many of 
 them have fenfibly felt, and which is capable of 
 being exerted on many more Occafions than that of 
 France, It is more particularly and moft certainly 
 the Intereft of thofe whofe moft confiderable Ter- 
 ritories are remote from France For it is the 
 JProximity of Power, which offends j it is the fame 
 in high as in common Lif^ j a Perfon, tho* ever 
 fo opu!ent,at aDiftancegivesnoUneafinefs. A rich 
 Neignbour is often dreaded. Add to this that th^ 
 King of PruJ/ia is in PoffelTion of the rich Pro- 
 vince of Sile/ta ; to which his original Title is no 
 
 ,"•) 
 
 mot 6 
 
i»i 
 
 i'^ . 
 
 m..) 
 
 li' 
 
 m 
 
 more than a Conqucft made by a lucky Opportu- 
 nity on a Power, when at Liberty infinitely his 
 fuperior. Looking on Things in this Light, can 
 any Man doubt that the King of Pruffta will place 
 his Security any where but in the Power and 
 Fricndfhiip of France^ and Weaknefs of the Houfe 
 of Ji], riay while he has the probable Means of 
 ^ffedting it ? From this appears the Folly of our 
 Meafurcs ; our fole Aim is to gain the Superiority 
 of FrancCy and upon the leaft Froljpedt of Succefs 
 the King of Prujfia by his Interpoution is fure to 
 ruin the Whole •, whereas wc can never do any 
 Thing efFeftual wi*-hout becoming fuperiof both 
 to France and Pruffta •, of wluch the Pruffians and 
 Saxons afforded a glorious Opportunity •, but it 
 was a Pearl before Swine. If wc have found Time for 
 us wearing a Lock behind, and the Czarina again 
 overawing the Prujfians by her Declarations ; I 
 hope flie will not be again difcouraged, tho' Amends 
 cannot be made to the Publick tor the laft falfc 
 Step. A falfe Step which will coft this Nation 
 great Troubles and many Millions of vain Ex- 
 
 pencc. 
 
 There is a 'tide in the Affair i of Men 
 Which taken at the Floods leads on to Fortunti 
 Omitted all the Voyage of their Life^ 
 Is bound in Shallows and in Mz/^riVj. — Shakeipi 
 
 The Saxons are no longer ours, and the Affairs 
 of Europe are in many Refpefts very differently 
 circumftanced from what they were at that Time \ 
 what the Lvent will be Time only Can (hew. I fhould 
 rot know where to find an End was I to enumerate 
 all our Misfortunes in the Year 1 745, PicctolGiro 
 ma largo Campo delle Difgracie » but I muft take 
 Notice of the little Care taken to put OJiend in a 
 proper State of Defence, the only Place capable 
 Ml retarding the Rapidity of the Enemies Con- 
 
S^ ' ' ,r«r ■ ' . . . 
 
 ■ , C30 - . 
 
 quefts. It will 1 fuppofe be faid, we could notv 
 prevail with the Qyeen of Hungary to do it ; I be- » 
 lieve it •, nO more than upon any other Perfon in 
 any Thing whatfoever, that regards the Advaiice-, 
 mentofthe common Caufe. I. am forry there is 
 no more Ability, no more Addrefs. With thC; 
 Year 1746, we renew our infufficient Meafures 
 and tread again the old unavailing Tra6t, knowing 
 no other Means of carrying on War, but by. 
 raifing Money at an e Rate at Home in- 
 order to pay Men to be knock'd on the Head, 
 Abroad, and fatiate the Sword of our . Enemies 
 with Slaughter. This indeed, u^n the Principle, 
 laid down before, is one Way of putting a fpeedy 
 End to the War j for it is impoflible we can long 
 iupport it. ,^.,,:,- ,'^,- ^.:^.^^tr: «>:^;^;:"-.M;{*;«i2 v-- ^'"^V^i^. 
 
 Britons heretofore led on another lload, taught 
 their Allies other Means of finilhing their Wars ; 
 i am forry now they are forced to learn thefe. . I 
 fay forced, for all the World khows it is a Force, 
 both on the S '■ and the P — — c ; of the 
 former this Year furnilhes a flagrant Inftance, when 
 upon the private Intrigues of the Cabal M «— y, 
 was threatned with P- — .— r— Diftrefs and the. 
 Menaces of Exchange- Alley alTaulted the Palace.^ 
 But I hope, notwithffanding their great Difcoverics 
 in Politicks, and new Methods of effecting a Peace, 
 that thefe Gentlemen do not think that the bad 
 Circumftances they have brought the "Nation inta 
 will give a Sanation to a bad Peace, that Mifchicf 
 preceding Mifchief will excufc Mifcliief, or the 
 Commimon of an old Fault juftify a recent one : 
 If they .entertain this Notion, or flattef themfelveg 
 with this Security, I hope there will be Spirit 
 enough rife in "the People, to convince them of 
 their Error. 
 
 But to proceed to the Adminiftration of Affairs 
 of the Year 1 746. It is no Secret that the M — y 
 
ft * 
 
 ( 30 
 
 Tranfa6tions at tins Time afford a large Field for 
 Obfervatiohs. But fomc certain Abufcs were of too 
 great a Magnitude for me to purfue, common I'ru- 
 dence difbates to decline giving my Thoughts con- 
 cerning thofe who received certain Propofils, who 
 sfeproved, who confirmed. But on one Hand, if 
 tne Greatncfs of the Evil, which impofes Sileftce 
 gives me for ipy Country's Sake Concern ;, on the 
 Hand, the Isilence ^ves me very little, becaufe 
 the Enormity cannot be latent, aqd the People, 
 cannot but be excited by their Diftrefs to inform 
 thjeihfelves if immenfb Sums have not been iquan- 
 d^ed away on the Dfegs 6f Mankind in a Time of 
 publick Want. *Tis thfe greateft Degree of Servi- 
 tude Where the Senfes are held in SlaV^ery as welt 
 as the Perfons, when People dre forced to allow, 
 to affirm, to ddiberatcly determine, that Wron^ 
 is Right, and Right .is Wrong, or Five a lels 
 Number than Foiir. There is fomething more 
 manly, lefs fhocking to human Nature, when the 
 fame Ends are attained by direct and arbitrary 
 Command. How happy are \^e who are fo free 
 from any fuch State ; amongft whom impartial En- 
 quiries ^Vws^ys prevail, and are as certain to be fol- 
 lowed by impartidl Judgments. But was it not 
 aftonifliing that a Sett of dirty Money Jobbers,^ 
 thofe Hsrpies of the State, who were glutting them- 
 fclves with the Blood of their almoft expiring Coun- 
 try, wbuld have the AiTurahce to didate to the Na- 
 tion, who Ihould be the M-— ^r, like Roman Le- 
 gions, nominating him Emperor, with whoni they 
 could ftrike the moft advantageous Biargain : What 
 i miferable State is poor Etj^Jdnd reduced to, it a 
 few Brokers have really this Power .? What a Cre- 
 dit to our M— — *- rs to hold from fuch ^^afters ; 
 and yet this was great Matter of Triumph, till 
 
 Time expofed the Nakedncfs of our M rs, 
 
 jInJ the Bargain of their Proreftors. 
 
 ' ,The 
 
( 33 ) 
 
 The Profufion of publick Money (o exceeds all 
 Meafure, that one would think the Conduftors 
 of our Affairs entire Strangers to that trite Maxim, 
 that *' Money is the Sinews of War." As in- 
 deed it is of every Thing elfe, in which laft our 
 M ■ rs feem to the Misfortune of their Country, 
 to be pretty great Adepts. For Favour and In- 
 tereft is purchafed in every Part beginning from 
 Places, which 1 will avoid naming, down, througlf 
 all the Offices where the great Bufmefs is Jobs 
 connived at by Superiors, down to the low uncon- 
 fcionable Dealers oi Exchange- Alky \ and ftill lower, 
 if any Thing can be more fo, this is. the extenfive 
 Bottom, is the fo much boafted broad Bottom ; 
 this the Bafis of the prefent happy Adminiftra- 
 tion. I V ill mention an Inftance not for its Par- 
 ticularity but for its Newnefs, as the Abufe, which 
 I believe is not older tlun this War vt'i^ France^ 
 is again renewed at this Inftant of my Writing. 
 The Commiflloners for managing the Lottery ufed 
 to receive a hundred Pounds for their Trouble ^ 
 and this was I believe a pretty ample Recompence, 
 at leaft, for fome of them, who never attended at 
 all. But row their Salaries are increafed to 150/, 
 for which I know no Reafon but that too general 
 one amongft Placemen, Uappetit vient a mangeant. 
 This perhaps will be lookM upon as a Trifle and 
 confidered by itfelf, I own it is of no grand Im- 
 portance •, but when one refleds on the Multitude 
 of Abufes with which this Nation is over-run, the 
 Sum Total is not only conCiderable but amazing, 
 nor to be parallel* d in any other Country. . . 
 
 If thofe who receive the publick Money make 
 light of thefe Affairs, I am fure the Neceflities of 
 thofe who pay, will not fuffer them fo to do. 
 The entire Lift would furnifli large Volumes. 
 This now mentioned is only diftinguilh'd as the 
 Abufe of the Day v almoft every Day producing 
 
 F . ncw> 
 
 'J@t»-^u^ 
 
 ...;ui^i{^'*»9«J!i%,. 
 
i 
 
 III 
 
 (34) 
 
 new, But to jpafs from the private to the publick 
 Vks of publick Money. At this Time we took 
 1 8,000 Hanoverians into BritiJIo Pay. On which 
 Occafion I cannot reftrain ('how late foever my 
 Congratulations come) from congratulating my 
 Countrymen oji their Reconciliation, on the Renewal 
 of Friendfhip and Amity, on the entire Obli- 
 teration of fome of the grcatcft Feuds and Ani- 
 mofities which have of late Years been raifcd in 
 this Country. But general Comphments will not 
 fuffice on this great Occafion. I mufl: in particular 
 congratulate a certain Sett of Gentlemen, on that 
 Dawn of Light which now opened on their Un- 
 derftandings, which fhcws us the Fallibility of hu- 
 man Preception, fince we find ourfclves fome- 
 times miftaken in thofe very Points, in which we 
 thought ourfclves moft clear. But nunquam fera 
 ejl ad bonos mores via. And as is * declared in a 
 publick Manner by a Lift of very honourable as 
 well as very diftinguilhing Gentlemen. There is 
 nothing more becoming a Gentleman, than to ac- 
 knowledge himfelf to be in the wrong, as foon as 
 he is fcnfible that he is fo, 6f<r. This great and 
 grave Authority will I hope fecure me again il any 
 malign Interpretation, and that it will be admitted 
 our new Minifters have acquired Glory by the 
 Change, and glorious before their Change, all the 
 "World allowed they were. From Beginning to 
 End then glorious. What would one more ? Some 
 pretended there was a Diftindion between Ha- 
 noverian Troops ot the Year 1 744. and the prefent 
 Year. And it miift be granted there was a Dif- 
 tindtion, which was only this in the Year 1744, 
 we paid 16,000 Hanoverian^ ; and it was at the 
 fame Time agreed that the Elector of Hanover 
 fhould furnifl: 6000 on his own Account. This 
 Year we pay 18,000 exadly at the fame Rate as 
 
 we 
 
 * See the Letter of the Court Ma;ual. 
 
 ^ --— — • # , 
 
' " ( 35) 
 
 we did 16,000 in the Year 1744 •, but the Troops 
 to be furnifli'd on the Part of the Elcdor of" Hanover^ 
 were this Year forgotten. In 1 744 we had in Effect 
 22,000, this Year but 18,000 -, fo that in Reality 
 »ve pay more Money for fewer Men. 
 
 Under the fume Directors our Succefs in Flanders 
 tliis Year was much the fame as the laft. Great 
 Expe6lations were raifed here in England^ mighty 
 Threats were thrown out, of what would be done, 
 if the French but dared to come out of their In- 
 trenchments : They did come out : And what 
 then? Why? they beat us out -of our Intrench- 
 ments. In this Adion, notwith (landing our Boafts 
 of the Number of eiFedive Men to be brought 
 into the Field, the Sum Total of our Forces fell 
 very lliort of 60,000. The French heretofore fung 
 7> Deum^s for our Vi£tories : We are by one De- 
 gree more moderate j we allow them the Vi6lory 
 and only Claim the Advantage. What mighty 
 Confequences are we not to expeft if Viftory ever 
 falls to our Lot when our Defeat has been fo fatal 
 to our Enemies ? If we do fo great Things when 
 Fortune crofles, what Ihall we not do when llie 
 fmiles ? I wifh my Countrymen would leave this 
 trifling : There is no good in this "palliating. No 
 Man would contend with more ]E.?s^ernek than 
 jnyfclf, for what would be of real Ufe to my 
 Country : But what boots it to deceive ourfelves, 
 we cannot deceive the World : We only add Ri- 
 dicule to.Misfortune by endeavouring to difguife it. 
 
 But it is pretended that pur Defeat was attended 
 with no ill Confequences. Good Gods 1 A De- 
 -feat attended with no ill Confequences ! In what 
 World do we live ? What new Ideas ! By what 
 Means did this ftrange Event come to pafs ? Is 
 not the A6tion itfelf, the very Defeat infcparable 
 from ill Confequences fufficient- and too many? 
 Doth it not difcredit us with our Allies, abate the 
 . .- F 2 ^ Spirit 
 
 n 
 
 ^-»~— -«-^— ' 
 
( 36 ) 
 
 Spint of the Soldiery, and leflcn their ConfidefKC 
 , in their Leaders : How difficult is it for Troops 
 beat once, and again to face the Enemy with the 
 lame Expe6Vation of Succefs, on which Bravery 
 greatly depends. Had the Vidory been ours, it 
 might have procured us Friends, of which I 
 think we have fome want, and engaged thofe 
 heartily in theCaufe who are now afraid, and whofe 
 Fear is a dead Weight upon us. Is the Lofs of 
 this Advantage inconfiderable ^ But how came it 
 attended with no more ill Confequences ? The 
 French had already done almoft every Thing, had 
 gone to the utmoft Bounds, nor had where to pur- 
 fuc without Hoftily entenng the Territories of thek 
 good Friends t!.c Dutch. For I think we retired 
 there, and fought Protedion in a neutral Country : 
 Is then our Security that we have no more to lofe, 
 arc fallen to the Ground, and are fafe in the Low- 
 nefs of our State ? Till the French think fit to create 
 new Enemies, by delating War againft the Dutch, 
 or force them (if they think it for their Advantage) 
 to a more abjed Subferviency. I wilh I could 
 leffen in Fad the Advantage of the Enemy. But 
 what will Words or falfe Colouring avail -, the Mis- 
 chief will fliU remain, and is not lb to be removed. 
 'Tis more eligible that the People (hould be in- 
 formed of their true State, Ihould know that their 
 ** Pow^r is delivered into Captivity, and their 
 ** Strength into the Enemies Hands •,*' that fenfible 
 of their Situation they may make fome Effort for 
 the Salvation of their Country. I have taken fdme 
 Pains to Point out in this Treatife what appears to 
 be the true Interell of this Country, and tjie only 
 Means to obtain Succefs : I have no other View 
 than the Good of my Country : No Attachment to 
 any particular Man, nor will to any who ihall 
 not fhew himfelf both capable and willing to ferve 
 ' his Country. .v v ^v^ " .f: > 
 
 . ' . . - « . That 
 
( 37 ) 
 
 That at prefent our Councils and Meafures are 
 infufRcient. Fads and a conftant Train of ill Suc- 
 cefs give-a melancholy Proof. For if our Mis- 
 fortunes are not owing to our Councils, to what 
 are they owing ? If to want of Force and Sup- 
 plies*, why was 4 H— fquander'd to main- 
 tain certain Perfons in their Places at Home in fpitc 
 of their P— , which ought to have been em- 
 ployed, if it could have been fpared by the 
 People, on our Operations Abroad? Or why is 
 not more Care taken that the Numbers fliould be 
 compleat ? There is one principal Caufe of our 
 Calamities ♦, there arc thofe wno know, who have 
 experienced the Truth of what I am going to fay ; 
 if a Man is forward to undertake whatever is pro- 
 pofed for want of Difcernment of the Difficulties, 
 iiich a Man is the Perfon for our Miniflry's Pur- 
 pofe, but if the Miniflry are told their Schemes 
 will not execute, if Difficulties are ftarted, the 
 Perfon who ftarts them is judged ipfo faSio incapa- 
 ble of doing Service. Whereas it feldom happens 
 that Difficulties are furmounted in Pradice, which 
 have not been previoufly raifed, and well confider- 
 ed in Council. I hope there are Men of thi? 
 Country able to render Service to it, that Spirit 
 and Underftanding is not totally decayed in this 
 Nation, and loft from among us, that there are 
 Men left, fit for military Operations, but the 
 moft nice, the moft difficult Difcernment is that 
 of Mankind •, and yet without that Difcernment 
 nothing is more evident, than that all Things will 
 moft likely go to Run^, and the Unfitnefs of Per- 
 fons and Things confound all Meafures. But we 
 are fo far from difcerning from having an Infight 
 into the Abilities and Difpofitions of Men, that we 
 have feen the great Authors of our Misfortu::3s 
 not only proteded from Juftice, but after fatal 
 Experience of their Condu^, preferred to Dignity 
 - • ■ - - and 
 
 r 
 
■ f 
 
 (38) 
 
 and high Truft. The Expedition to Port Lorient 
 will be famous as long as Englijh Hiftory fhall 
 laft. 
 
 I am at a Lofs to account for this Diverfion 
 as it was called, a Diverfion it was (I am forry to 
 fay it^ to all who wilh us ill. Some pretended 
 that the Report univerfally credited the laft Spring 
 of an immenfe Damage clone by a Conflagration, 
 was look*d upon by our Minifters, as a certain 
 Omen of a future Event, and that flufliM by this 
 Hope alone, without knowing or enquiring whe- 
 ther Port Lorient was a Place of Defence, what 
 Cannon was neceflary, what was the Approach, 
 without confidering the well-known Dangers Q,i 
 the Bay of Bifcay^ undertook the Accomplifh- 
 ment of this kind ot Prediftion. Tho' I find 
 great DifRculty in agreeing, that our Minifters 
 could be infatuated to fuch a Degree, by this 
 Superftrtion, I ftiould be glad to hear any tolera- 
 ble Reafon afligned, for fo precipitate, fo ra(h an 
 Undertaking, tho' the Thing is paft, and has fo 
 niferably failed, becaufe it would in fome little 
 Degree appeafe the Minds of People, and relieve 
 them from tlieir dreadful Apprehenfions of future 
 Condud. Wt ha'-e done Damage to the Amount 
 of fome few thoufands of Pounds to the French^ 
 at the Expence of | a Million to ourfelvcs, and ri- 
 diruloufly kick'd againft the Pricks. It is faid, that 
 the firft Projed: was to fecond fome Attempts 
 -which the People of New England were to make 
 on the French in thofe Parts, which s not impro- 
 bable for (if I am not greatly mifintbrmed) this 
 Secret Expedition to Canada was exprefly men- 
 tioned in the Commiflions made out for fome Offi- 
 cers, which were at tliatTime lliewn about Town. 
 How this Plan came to be laid afide, and the 
 People of New England fruftrated in their Hopes 
 and Expences, \ am totally ignorant^ After this 
 
 the 
 
 .^r 
 
^ ( 39 ) 
 
 the AfFulr went thro* various Metamorphofes, and 
 while our Minifters fat brooding on a vaft Abyfs 
 of Ignorance, Orders were fucceeded by Counter- 
 Orders, till the "World were tired with Laughing, 
 when at length, by a kind of falfe Conception, this 
 notable Scheme was produced. As to what re- 
 gards the Naval Part of this Expedition, it is faid, 
 that the Admiral in his Voyage overfhot his Port, 
 having miftaken the Ille of' Belkijle for La Groie^ 
 the Place of Rendezvous, to recover which he was 
 obliged to beat a whole Day to Windward, and 
 thereby alarmed the Coaft. But upon Conclufion of 
 this grand Enterprife, the Hurry was fo great, that 
 the Admiral fent Notice to the Land Fcrces, that 
 if they did not reimbark immediately, he fhould 
 be obliged to fail without them, nor was there 
 Time found to give the Ships a Place of Rendez- 
 vous, by which Means Major B ■ ■■ who was 
 feparated with fome Tranfports from the Fleet by 
 Strefs of Weather, was forced to return to England 
 to get Information concerning the Admiral. Lfpon 
 the whole, one may venture to declare, that the 
 Wifdom of the Diredors of our Affairs is un- 
 fathomable, and their UnderfVanding paft finding 
 out. But I am afraid this Affair will not fo end, 
 and I could wifh that when our Forces could do 
 nothing effedual, with regard to Port Lorient^ 
 they had not done what is ineffedual with regard 
 to t've War, had not pillaged the Coaft, which pi- 
 rat a-^' :Gnd of Warfare, is ruinous to particular 
 psii ;f,r, and trifling as to the Whole. I heartily 
 compaii.onate thofe who live near our own CoafV, 
 to the Lot of fottie whom it will probably fall to 
 make Retaliation, to pay feverely for this impo- 
 tent unavailing Moleftation of the Enemy. As I 
 am exprelly treating of the Condud of the V/ar, 
 I muft not let pafs unnoticed the Difcipline of 
 Navy. Th;it Effeminacy which has unftrung 
 
 the 
 
 / !i 
 
 :ne 
 
 *'f^Mi4iit^^mimf^^. , 
 
 — i l >" 
 

 r I 
 
 (40) 
 
 tlie Nerves, unmanned the Vigour of our Marine, 
 is a Prodigy, which I hope future Ages will 
 wonder at as much as the prelent ; for I hope it will 
 never be paralleled while Time endures. Whence 
 this Difgrace, in that Part of our Strength which 
 iifed to be our Glory and Pride, the Knvy and 
 Terror of the reft of the World ? The Extin- 
 guilhment of Liberty, ufually extinguifhes all 
 Virtues together with it. Nay almoft all Virtues 
 muft be extinguifli'd before Liberty can be fo, 
 or the People made to bend to the Yoke ; yet 
 perfonal Bravery is generally the laft. But in a 
 Country where Virtue and Liberty go Hand in 
 Hand, where National Probity and I^reedom fup- 
 port each other, how came thefe abjed Sentiments 
 toprevail ? Parties. >' Tnftances other Times have 
 afrorded, but this gi. Defection is entirely new ; 
 in former Days the Evu was timely prevented, but 
 fmce that unhappy jEra, February 1743-4, it has 
 been^nurfed up and encouraged by Impunity. This 
 has been the Root of that Evil which has fo di- 
 ftrefsM our Naval Affairs. 
 
 The Protedion given by principal Men of the 
 State, the Honours Ihewn immediately on his 
 Arrival to an Officer of confiderable Rank, fent 
 Home under an Accufation of Crimes of the high- 
 eft Nature, were enough to confound all Ideas of 
 Right and Wrong. Awd what has fmce been done, 
 has but * increafed the Evil. But this is not the 
 Sum Total. If on one Hand there are Complaints 
 of Acquittals, on the other Hand there are Com- 
 plaints of a quite different Nature. With how 
 much Grounds let Captain IVeJfs Defence tell as 
 well as the 19th Article of the fighting Inftrudi- 
 ons, which requires the Van of Our Fleet to fteer 
 witlr the Van of the Enemy, and appoints no 
 Signal, becaufe it is always to te done, when the 
 
 A "« " - ^ '- ' -^---•- ' -- \. '•' ' > Enemy 
 * See the Remarks on Mr. Lejlid^ Sentjnce. Printed (or 
 ir, P^'thhy near S/. P.:ul'%. 
 
 ■>-.d 
 
 '.gj^liS^,. .iA,;ic..^ 
 
 . V-: 
 
.(( 
 
 (C 
 
 cc 
 
 4C 
 
 ,<( 
 
 (C 
 
 C4I) 
 
 Enemy ftcers to Windward, that very AS: of the 
 Enemy is in place of a Signal, is the Signal. As 
 to a later Trial, I will juft touch on feme of the 
 
 Refolutions, * to which the C— M came 
 
 previous to giving Sentence. They are curious, 
 and fo extraordinary, that I woiUd fain flatter my 
 felf, that the like will never appear again. I'hey 
 come to a Rcfolution, " Thiti: no Diredlion was 
 given to the Fleet the Night of the loth of 
 February 1 743, by the Night Signal then made 
 to form the Line of Battle, and to bring and 
 keeping the Line. And theDay Signal for forming 
 the Line abreaft, ceafed to be a Signal by ceafing 
 to be vifible." A Fog may render a Signal invifi- 
 ble, and yet no Officer I believe would think the Sig- 
 nal ceafed to be a Signal becaufe it ^eafed to be vifible, 
 but on the contrary would continue in the Execu- 
 tion till he was other wife directed. Article 5th, 
 3d Paragraph. " The Court are of Opinion, that 
 " after the French Admiral made more fail, and 
 went ahead of his Majefty*s Fleet the nth of 
 February^ the Admiral afted in Breach of his 
 Duty, and brought his Majefty's Fleet into 
 improper Danger, by bearing down on the 
 Rear of the Enemy's Fleets and engaging the 
 Spanijh Admiral ; whereby the Van of his 
 Majefty's Fleet, and the Rear of the Enemy's 
 Fleet were refpedtively oppofed at unequal Ad- 
 vantage." Compare this Opinion with the Opi- 
 nion delivered Article 7th, Paragraph 5th. *' The 
 Court are of Opinion, that it was the Admiral's 
 Duty to have returned with the Namur to the 
 Engagement with the Real^ tho' he had four ^ 
 Ships inadive in the Rear of his Divifion", 
 By the firft of thefe Opinions, it is declared, 
 that th? AdQiiral oppofed the Rear of the Enemy 
 
 Q with 
 
 * See the Refolutions of the Court Martial, ^c* Prinued Sax 
 ■ir^_ Wibb, n«M St. Paut%. 
 
 C( 
 
 cc 
 
 ^c 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 ^c 
 
 xt 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 .cc 
 
 .cc 
 
 cc 
 cc 
 
I 
 
 1 
 
 (42) 
 
 with too many Ships, and their Van with too 
 few. How confillent this is with the other Po- 
 rtion, viz. That the Admiral after having re- 
 tired out of the Line, to avoid being run foul 
 of by the Marlhrotigby inftead of advancing 
 towards the Van of the Enemy fas he did in 
 order to engage the Hercules^ which was the 
 Ship then ahead of the Real) ought to have 
 returned to the Engagement of the Real in the 
 Rear, I will leave to the Gentltmen who com- 
 pofed the Court Martial to reconfider, tho* 
 their prefent Confideration can make very little 
 amends to the unfortunate Admiral. Nor will 
 it be any excufe to fay, that the Marlborough 
 being unaflifted by the Ships aflern, Mr. 
 M ws^ ought in Confideration of their De- 
 fault, to have returned to the Engagement of 
 the Real^ for if he could have feen, or had 
 been informed of their Mifbehaviour, this furely 
 was not the Method to have been taken. No. 
 The Admiral ought in fuch Cafe to have appoint- 
 ed other Commanders of thofc Ships. But 
 was I to make Obfervations of this Sort, or 
 Comparifons of the Difagreement of one Refo- 
 lution with an another, a Volume would fcarce 
 fuffice. How furp*-ifing fo ever this may be in 
 Matters of mere Judgment, fomcthing more 
 fcrange flill remains. For in Matters of Fad, one 
 finds the Fa<5l ftated in one Refolution entirely 
 different from what it is in another, and that too 
 in very material Points. For Inftance, 
 3d Refolution on the 13th Article fays, 
 Refolved unanjmoufiy, that it has appeared to 
 the Court, that the Vice- Admiral and his Divi- 
 fion did Chace the Enemy on the 15th of February 
 in the Morning, in Confcquencc of a Signal frorri 
 "e Admiral. ■' ' 
 
 ft 
 
 <•»' 
 
 ,a.. ^--sb 
 
 This 
 
( 4.1 ) 
 
 This Fact as here ftated cjFeflually deftroys Mr/ 
 Maihews\ Defence, whp fays, he difcontiiiued 
 the Chace in Obedience to his Inltruftions. For 
 here the Qiieftion arifes, why then did you renew 
 the Chace the next Morning? Was it not equally 
 contrary to your Inftrudlions on the Morning of the 
 13th, as the Night before ? For a Signal to the 
 Vice- Admiral to Chace with his Divifion could 
 have been given with no other Dc^fign but to attack 
 the Enemy, but ' . the loth Relolution on the 
 J 5th Article it is, 
 
 Refolvcd unanimoufly, that it has appeared to 
 the Courr, that the Signal made by the Adiniral on 
 the ;> \\. of February in the Morning, was for the 
 Admh..l to fend out Ships to Chaoe. How mate- 
 rial, how.efiential is this Difference ?" For the In- 
 tention of fending out Ships to Chace, was only 
 to defcry what thofe Ships were, winch the Vice- 
 Admiral made the Signal for feeing. This Tingle 
 Inftancc, I think may (land in the Place of many. 
 After this I think it is unnccefTary to fay any thing 
 more on this Subie(ft.I Jio'pe-if there has been any" 
 Mittake, it has been a Miitakc of the Head, and 
 not of the Heart V that we fliall never fee the 
 Time when a Minilter's Will {hall become the 
 Rule of Judgment, his Favour or Refentment the 
 Meafure of Juftice, his Word the Stamp which 
 Ihall fix pretended Merit or. Difgrace on Mens 
 CJiaradters,- for fuch an Ufurpation muft foon 
 create a Dependency, deftruttive of all. Notions of 
 Honour and Spirit, and fatal to the Welfare and 
 Liberties of the Country wherever itfhall prevail. 
 Hanging out Terrors on one Hand to. thofe who 
 do right, giving Encouragement on the other to 
 thofe who do wrong, cannot fail of finking a 
 State into, .the moft defpicable Condition. There 
 is yet another Light, in which we ought to view 
 the Proceedijigs of a certain C. M. for when I 
 
 G 2 confider 
 
( 44 ) 
 
 cot^Iider the Attack made on a Court of Juftice, 
 iind the Manner on which that Attack was fupport- 
 ed, I canno' forbear extending iny Views farther 
 than that V. i- Martial. The Land Force kept 
 up in th.s . ^ngdom, has introduced a Change 
 which has long given great Apprehenfion to all 
 «hofe who have any Regard to our ancient Confti- 
 tution. It has done more : It has given Terror to 
 fbme left the Military Power (hould grow too 
 ftrong for the Civil Magiftrate •, and tho' the 
 Navy has never been look*d on as carrying with 
 it any Degree of Danger to our Conftitution, for 
 that very Reafon in fome Cafes it may be the 
 moll proper Means to prepare the Way to begin 
 the Prelude, to make the Experiment how far 
 Things will bear. But happy it was for as that 
 Things were not prepared on all Hands to com- 
 plcat our Misfortunes, that a Perfon of Refolu- 
 tion and Spirit,, able and willing to repulfe the 
 Tnfuk, and withftand the Attempts of Men how- 
 ever great and powerful by their Party, or employs 
 prefided in that Court. But to return to the Dif- 
 couragcmenc and Hardfliips of our Seamen,- wha 
 with too great Reafon complain of the immenfc 
 Navy Debt, and their uncome-at-able Arrears. 
 With what Reludanee muft they enter into the 
 Service, with what Ill-will execute it when they 
 know, that after all, in order to obtain what is 
 indiiputably their Due, their hardly earned Wages,. 
 tl;ey are obliged to ufe a tirefome Sollicitation of 
 many Years, tor which their Wages when obtain- 
 ed are fometimes fcarcc an Equivalent. This I 
 readily believe gives great Concern to fome of 
 high Station in that Office, as I am perfuaded- 
 every thing doth, which is afRidive of this Coun- 
 try, but in the prcfent Difpofition of Affairs it is 
 unavoi<iable. -^^ -"» »t » ' *-* f^* .f; 
 
 ■ '? ■' '■ •• - '>! ;, > I- '>■■<■ 
 
 f. , Vi.. ••- ,■•■•■ . »* i. -ijl-V' n ISi) 
 
 <V; :. 
 
 
 The 
 
 -A. 
 
 '•M^' 
 
 - I 
 
(45) 
 
 The Marines and the Nation are both abufed, by 
 the long Detention of their Pay in the Hands of 
 Adminiftr4tion -, and to make the Marines Ibmc 
 Amends, the Nation is further abufed, as their 
 ^ ViftualUng is not dedu<^ed out of their Subfiftence 
 Money. Their long Arrears, I own» are in fome 
 Meafure, tho' not ahogetHer, occafion'd by their 
 original Eftablifhment •, but then, why were they 
 liril put ? why are they now continued on fuch a 
 Foot ? Another Method by which this Debt has been 
 carried to fuch a Heighth, is very extraordinary, 
 whenthe Adminiftration avowedly intend to employ 
 50000 Seamen, they alk a "Provision for 40000 
 only. It is pretended in * Excufe for this proceed- 
 ing, that it is impoffible to find Funds, to raife 
 Moaey for the remaining loooo. J ,, 
 
 Is it poflTible to imagftie, that this Argumlfit 
 is made ufe of by the fame individual Perfons, 
 who in fever^l Inftances as well of C6nl;ra(5fcs at 
 Hc:.ie as Abroad, oh an infinite Number pf Ar- 
 ticles have been fo lavilh of Britijh Money ? Will 
 their own particular avowed Diftrefs as Mihift'er^ 
 (for I would not willingly llippofe that Ghara(^(et 
 entirely forgot by them 5 never teacih them rn6re 
 Wifdom ? Is not this a vtfi^ pretty Account of the 
 State, into 'whicfh they hav6 confefTedly brought 
 the 'Nation, and ihtd wHa^ 'ftill worfe State thejr a^^ 
 bringing, it ? Is not this Acknowledgment of public 
 NecelTity, a moft prefling Argument for OEcono- 
 my ? Is it not a high Aggravation of thoft' in- 
 Bargains, by which the Publick lias been fo great 
 a Lofer ? When the Public cannot pay its hecefla- 
 ry Expences, muft it wantonly and idly lavifh 
 away hundreds of thoxilands on the Dregs of Man- 
 
 "■ • Tho' in the late War 8000 Marines went to making up the 
 
 '40^000 Seamen : And-thc r^afonable Way: of refornsing now, 
 
 would be by making^a better Uft of fev&er Men : Yet this very 
 
 Ejtti^e is evidently ill-founded, as new Funds have becnefta- 
 
 blitfa'd Itnce' this Pr^i^licc begap, aod more 1' fear will hp fo. t 
 
 WM 
 
 
 '.*m\ • 
 
I^ipt triicj V» ijb low a Siaic ? Is K not too iftoni/h- 
 J»5P» that iyjieri W(j av^^ • ^ 
 
 I j^ 
 
 ;^ia^jt6 tfictr own f Recount, fpi^^^ Years 56^ 
 im never left than ib Shtps, of tne. Ljoc. To 
 
 Very tew, in tlie Tmfe of ifee Rebcltron, which Vo'^ 
 were, "mtndrawn fn^aenly ^cn molt wanted; what 
 Service they hayfc done m the preleiit War, what « 
 5h!p$ pf the pMmy. tak^^^ pr^,^ycn eng^^ed^ 
 
 W|5iil3 ^giye niie a Tfeafurc. ^ Wi^!l ^ ^^^ ^ .P'v^^^ '^?' 
 loon receive? l^oroe afle^ mat leaving. thts 
 Jfyl^ey tp be pjd at a ititure jiri^ Is an !Ea{c -^ 
 tjp t{^ prfl'^nff, Jf It ^afilEafe, if Men <?ian be fa- 
 iisne^ E^^- ^IP' ^"¥^^ Jfe9 ^" ^^ 'thlV l^Janneij, . 
 'tis an Ear&,t}vkt iniuk neceflaril'y be prodiwve of . 
 jgreat yp^aiu^ds, ^ For by thele Means, ir Things 
 h be had, ^j\^ is one B^y or other to Be paid 
 thejn, jj^j httie VegarSedj and it is Vjdi ttve 
 _ illc in ji\^ ^eij[>^, *^ wkh a private JVlan. , . 
 \a J^ a private Man dtjw^ >» 
 
 jM AccovintSii h^ no Attention to th?. Kates by 
 jWiiicli h^ vontr^jfts,, for wh|a^ he wants Eipenen<^e 
 Ifi^s, ^hat tl\e nio^ afljuent tortiirie is hotc^iial 
 io^ljis {^egl^&^,a|3^ .J 
 
 ^Mvit .fej,otli^^. ui^t^ayre of ,Th^^ greats 
 Jy encrcaies the rnce of Things, aiid this not upon 
 
 the 
 ( . ip ^imCdmntiiltoBfcts oflheAdoiifiJtyiii 1 ? if ^iiiii|c t^ '^^^' ' 
 
 jdlwagrs Jirer)i:ihifEt 4f the.i3'N/(^; AcjOPvanfi. £»( %^ tbc. A^'^^^" 
 fecviid. tJity.NAikh £ttiu#M. (^i|)ict«4i;il|i9 ji^s jof iyj.lcb wat 
 ior fome Years left almoil eotiirely'' to thein« 
 
(47) 
 
 teiii)^tliTii^;i b,ooo ottly,Btit h!W#!ft Uf6n tft« 
 4b,ob6 i iTo that, if ttiert ^*^ art EfbbR/hitttftt ^ 
 ^O,(ibo, thfe >^ry ftving whith might Wltli i^jifcf 
 dEcbtit^tny bic tn^dc, wbuixl amount to tt^af sti mti^ 
 <l& Wife Charge of the ixJdWctial i'o,mb. ArttH^ 
 prefent atygmtfed Accdtmt thiiftirt tbHit lictie f imc 
 |te ttiii^c tip iif 'the Publtek nitJs'hti to m^int^irt any 
 fedit i ailtd th6 !Mfeyeiic6 of To-day 'of ft'- 
 lrh6rr6# i? Ho^ 'fb cdrtftclei'^te, ftik' t fcjjpbfe ^ 
 tJon'V ftir^gihe ito tiiiiJ Credit gii^^en us ^6 b/e accdtiht- 
 tcS fc^r in tfie 'Hb^t Age, SO l!hat S;(^6 iazil^ (1^ 
 AfcVo^a to "hatch MiMf^ 'for otirfeJVes. 'Sitt thfe 
 Ptfbiick t thihk hk's k R'igh't to be W0rAV6d OTi t1* 
 ftekd, by What Authority this Is dohe .^ tJhfO'rt- 
 Te6n Acdd^M:9, Cofi^^rTgerfcifes Xjub^fpe^ed m^ 
 ^1^^^ the Ekctife 'df fexp^iiif^^ ifrtTbiiff^, tho* lidt 
 WoViMfpr. ifedt a ^dtt iiVbiv(!(J '^n4 'ddfigjied 
 Pifrddfe^Sf r'dfirting Thfe HktiOn *^ In H!f^ ^Jthotit 
 ^conrertt -bf Wliariient, ft a IVleaftire 'ilhift d6^t ib 
 lie ah'(Vvere^ fbr, ^fpedially When it diftrefes tm 
 '^i^r^f^s'the'piibltckService fo much, ^s in'theCafe df 
 theNiiVy; Adci'to this,thataftrarigeScidiA^hefs dr ufl- 
 "i^irtun^^fc Attemibn tb efl:k!iii(hi% Wfi^ni Ihta^it 
 'by pci-fbtial Sratlflcatitlns, ,pi%irail's 'in iU 'pUr Af- 
 'tairs. For Ififtartce, Iriftead" of "ftlpptyif^ hrfUnii' 
 t^oh With Sdiphtir dil'fc^ frbm lUfy, We piirchate 
 '^it heifc in Etis^^nd in ot^er to fend thefe, % 
 mich ^e brtnefe-^iiarity p^y the Pi'dflt bf ihe 
 Wefiihant hei'e, and the FitJgKf tidk to'iHe iiti^i- 
 
 the Increafe of the pubjick Debts, in the fame pro^ 
 ' ''portion as'rhe^Pubhclc Its IncbrtVettifeiicy theit Power 
 
 .' cncreaies together with it, and a |;reat many other 
 Purpoics are ferved, jDifeount on Navy^Biils iA]\ 
 ibnktirrtfe prbdtiCe tttOre lltttreft in la few I3^s 
 
 -VTin. - , _ V ; ■■ -than 
 
 ;?3;;* Thti hai beto.aecbrM'h^rtmfbHrinmegalFnaice.-lind 
 
 which diiTcrs Ycr^Htkle fi'^m ievyfog MoBty^mtkcht'i^nAti of 
 ■r Parliameot. 
 
 •^ 
 
1^^ 
 
 . X48 ) 
 
 than oth':r Means in fome Years : But this is not all 
 the Seaman has to conqplain of •, for during fo great 
 i)elay, many Accidents may and no doubt do fall 
 out. So that a great deal of Money muft for 
 Want of Claim be abfolutely loft to the Seamen, 
 and funk in the Purfe of the Government. 
 
 While I am writing I am pleafcd to catch at the 
 Kews of intended Reformations, which are faid 
 to be in Confequence of fome Enquires made laft 
 Year. In the Enquiries, however, of laft Year, 
 I do not hear there' was any Notice taken of the 
 Diflfereiice of E3q)ence between Horfe and Dra- 
 goons, tho' that Evil has been otherwife often and 
 much complained of. The Difference between the 
 Eftabiiftiments, for ijhe Horfe Dragoons and Foot 
 For laft Year, and former Eftablifhments during 
 all the laft War, till after the Peace of Utrecht for 
 .the like Numbers, wlU appear upon Comparifon 
 to have amounted to 1^8,829 A i^s. (which is 
 more than a feventh of the whole Expence) not in- 
 cluding the encreafed annual Charge of the Forces at 
 Portmahotiy GibralUtry and, the Plantations, the///]g^^- 
 /«^^ Regiments,, Invalids, and independent Com- 
 panies ; nor the 15 new raifed Regiments. The 
 like Difference upon the ten Regiments of Marines 
 amounted to 15,086/. 13 j. 4W. and the Dif- 
 ference on the Garrifons to 13,077/.. 5</.|j which 
 is niore than a Third of the whole Expence of the 
 Garrifons. The prefent * faving upon breaking Part 
 of^ the Horfe and r^i(^ng Dr^oons in their Stead, as 
 ■^ -' the 
 
 ' * The DIfterencQ between the Pay of the Number pf 
 A^cn contained in two Troops of l^orfe Guards, and WaJ^Sy 
 Moufi/ague's, and //""^ytoWs Horre, according to their Efta- 
 blifiimeiKts ; and the Pay of the like Number ot Dragoons, ac- 
 cording to their EiUbliAitxnent, would amount to about 45,000 
 per Jnnum. which, if it was to take Place immediately, would 
 be the fivine. This I mention, becaufe 1 am fure our Miniftry 
 do not ibaa i|iJieed of that f.£tltious Credit, which has been 
 ^e(aim©d at in a low Way, by giving in the pubUck Papers afalfc 
 ^ Accouotof thi« as well as fprne other Thing?./!? w-r.^ ij-';«v. 
 
 ■•*.'■' :.. : 
 
( 49 ) 
 
 the Ml .ken from the F/ilabhfiiment are many 
 of them put upon PenP^op-s -, and rhc raifing Dra- 
 goons will coft: a conilderablc Siit. -n Levy Money, 
 I cannot now cop pi»tc i;ny moie thin the faving 
 which is talk'd of by taking a'va/ Mi/ Colonels 
 and Lieutenants Colonels of Marines^ tiii it ihall 
 be known, what Confideration they arc to re- 
 ceive. Whenever it (hall be thought proper to re- 
 gulate the Dragooijs or Foot in any Articles con- 
 formable to former Lftabhfiiments, fuch Reforma- 
 tion will be of conftant Benefit to the PubUck, 
 till the Abufes are renewed, or othf r innovations 
 (hall arife, bccaufe they are li!:tly to U kept on 
 Foot after the War : For 1 fear we (hail nevci fee 
 thofe Times which our Forefathers have feen j 
 when an Army in Time of Peace would have been 
 Icok'd on with Amazement, would have been 
 look'd on as an entire Difs— n of the C — n -, 
 but Circumftances are ftrangely altered. Many 
 other Things have been rcprclented as may be 
 feen in the R— , but notwithftanding the ij,rcat 
 and undoubted Authority, upon which they have 
 oeen made public, and fpread thro' the Nation, 
 what has been done ? Amongft other Things, 
 Complaints have been made of the want of Checks 
 to prevent falfe Mutters. But there can be no 
 other Checks upon falfe Muilers, but the Care of 
 a Miniftry •, (or let what Laws will be made 
 againlt any Abufes, the Efftd will be according 
 to the Admhiiftration of thofe Laws, and in 
 Proportion to the Spirit and public Zeal of thofe 
 who are invefted with Power. The fingle Power 
 of Placing and Difplacing is fufficient without 
 particular Laws for this Purpofe, and thois who 
 depend on the Favours or Frowns of Minifters 
 will govern themfelves thereby. They have in- 
 deed made one Exa;nple, and are juft entitled to 
 H . fay 
 
( 50 ) 
 
 fay with GIppius, * Non omnibus dormio, Tho* 
 they had probably flept in that Inftance, if the 
 
 ^ had not pulled them by the Ear, and 
 
 awakened them by publifhing that very Cafe ta 
 tlie World. I (hould be forry to be too rigid j I 
 would not knowingly commit myfelf to the Ha- 
 zard of fuch Imputation ; for, far from depriving 
 our Miniftry of any Praifc, I would ghdly che- 
 rrili with Commendation, any Difpbfition to do 
 Good to the People •, but Fads, I think, will fuf- 
 fiently fecure me againft any Appearance of too 
 great Aufterity, will amply juftify what I fay. 
 rhere is no Proportion between the little AfFec — n, 
 which we fhew on one Hand of OEconomy, and 
 our vaft Prodigality on the other •, I will not 
 now enter into Particulars, wnich would however 
 be of great Confideration, was it not for Things. 
 of ftill much greater Confideration-, I have 
 touch' d on fome Things already, and perhaps 
 may do more fome other Time, but, at prefent, a 
 greater Care prefleth for what is the whole Ex- 
 pence of each Year, the many Milhons we annu- 
 ally lay out, but a lavifh Profufion of the Public 
 Money, while our Schemes are fo inadequate to 
 our Ends, that there is no human Probability of 
 Succefs, and the People ftill from Time to Time 
 become 
 
 0-1 
 
 Dedecgrmn pretlofus emptor. ■ • • 
 
 There is wanting to this Country not a flight and 
 delufory but a great and thorough Reformation, 
 not only Reformation, but Addrefs and Policy, 
 
 Thefe 
 
 * Cipp!us was ufcd to proflttute his Wife for Gain, and 
 countejfcit Sleep during the Vifu^ of her Gallants, but when a 
 rcribn canae whom he did riQjt like, he woald fudilcniy dart up 
 with thefe Wor'd:, iii/.' immkus (f>rmo, ^" '-"".. '" . - 
 
0J 
 
 - (51 ) 
 
 Thefe arfi the only Means by which Britain or 
 any other Nation can thrive. At prefent we are 
 Itl-groiinded^ we are wrong in Fundamentals. • 
 Good Gods ! What, probably will be the Confer 
 quence of either an inactive or an a6live Cam- 
 paign. Inaftion will be terrible to a People 
 already exhaufted. Adion in the Situation we 
 are unlupported by Allies, felf-deceived in Num- 
 bers, will, I fear« but add to oyr Misfortunes. If 
 thofe who command fhall be able to furmount fuch 
 Difficulties, it wilf greatly redound to their Ho- 
 nour ; the Nat/on will be proportionably in- 
 debted for fuch Services, but the Task is hard up- 
 on them, and, I fear. Things have not been fo 
 prepared in the C— — et, to give room for great 
 Expedations in the Field. And yet it is upon 
 this Hope, that we go on mortgaging every Thing 
 that we are worth, and launch out fuch Lengths, 
 that not only we ourfelves, but lateft Pofterity 
 will have occafion to curfe our Folly. I would 
 not that we fhould reckon too much on our Suc- 
 cefs in Proverue ; if it ihould occafion fome Diver- 
 fion of the French Arms from the Low Countries^ 
 will it not in fome meafure occafion a Diverfion 
 of the Queen of Hungary^ Arms from the fame 
 Place, whofe Numbers at other Times have 
 been far from com pleat ^. And 1 Ihall be glad if ~ 
 nothing elfc happens to diflrad and divide her 
 Force. 
 
 But what can v/e do if the "Putch are aver fe to en- 
 tering heartily into the War? Why ? Convince them$ 
 that we have not, nor will have any other Object 
 in View, but to humble the Power of France \ 
 tliis perhaps will be an Inducement, will giva 
 them a better Opinion of Affairs, and when we 
 have done this, if we fhall think fit to do lefs, 
 they perhaps will do more. They fee our Foible» 
 
(50 • 
 
 fee us difpofed to be the Knight-Errants of Eu- 
 rope, and while we are fo employed, wait to fee 
 ^vhat Chjnce may produce for theio. But if the 
 Temper of the Dutch is not to be altered, fliall we 
 fuffcr them to become a Prey to the French ? With- 
 out considering how reafonable or unreafonable it 
 is for us to undertake thcit Defence, do we take 
 the Way to fave them, or if they are refolved 
 •not to be faved, fhalj we, or can we pretend to 
 iave them ? What then, is the Queen of Hungary 
 to perifh, while we but look on. I agree it w6uld 
 be more eligible to fupport her : But if we have 
 not the Option, it is better for us not to fall with 
 lier, and join our Fate to her^s. If there is a Dif- 
 pofition in others to co-operate, if the Princes of 
 Cermany, the Dutch or other Potentates will 
 afford us fomething to work with, it may be an 
 En'^ouragement for us to attempt fomething, but 
 without it we are as mad as if we would attempt 
 to tr^ad tiie Ajr, or walk on the Moon and 
 Stars. 
 
 That the Chances of War are fometimcs very 
 Turprifmg, I own, and a Handful of Men do 
 "Wonders •, but would any cne in his Senfes engage 
 nt fuch Odds ? Our Miniilry ought' to be well in- 
 formed of the Inclination of the Dutch. If it is not 
 certain that it is very different from any thing which 
 has hitherto appeared, we have nothing to do but to 
 withdraw ourfclves from the Continent, collect our 
 Strength v/ithin ourfelves, and make War on the 
 Trade of France^ where we fliould wound her in 
 her tendereft Part. The Money already fpent on 
 a Land War, employed on annoying the Enemy 
 by Sea (in a Manner dilTercnt however from what 
 has been hitherto praftifed, particularly with Re- 
 fped to Spirit and Vigour) would have ere now 
 '^ ^X reduced 
 
(S3) 
 
 reduced France to the loweft Ebts drained her 
 Treafure, and made her Glory wither. 
 
 But after all, it is neceffary to make a Diverfion 
 in [the L<m Countries^ to keep the Evil from 
 Home, and prevent France from making England 
 the Scene of the War. If France^ when a Rebellion 
 ravaged this Country, (hewed no ferious Intention 
 of invading us in thofe Circumftances can we think 
 ihe will ever dare undertake it at any other Time ? 
 
 But let France do her worft 5 a much lefs Ex- 
 pence than we make at prefent in Subfidies and 
 Armaments would provide for our Security at 
 Home, would maintain 12 or 14,000 Men or 
 moife if neceflary, to be ready at Hand during 
 the War, to defend our Capital, and quiet the 
 Fears and Apprehenfions of the Pufillanimous, 
 and thereby fupport Public Credit and the Funds, 
 yrould tnable us to make proper Djfpofitions in 
 other Parts of the Country, and at the fame Time 
 keep a Force at Sea, which would be a farther De- 
 fence againft any Attempts oi Prance on this Coun^ 
 try and flrike Terror on her, not only ftrikeTerror, 
 but bring Calamity and Ruin home to her Doors ; 
 by throwing our Expences into this Channel, our 
 Money would circulate amongft ourfelves, as is the 
 Cafe oi Fr/ince at prefent, while we ar^ now con- 
 ftantly letting the Blood out of our Bv.jy. All 
 this I fay upon a Suppofition that Things really 
 ftand on the Footing which our Miniftry repie- 
 fent, that there has been no Poflibility of wprking 
 on the ina6live Temper of moft of the States of 
 Europe, 
 
 I believe, however the World is pretty well con- 
 vinced of the contrary, if proper Attention had 
 been had to the Inteicit of this Country, and the 
 Means of carrying on the War eflfe<filually. I do 
 pot care if iphe Natjon \% favcd, by whom it is 
 . " ' j^onev 
 
( 54 ) 
 
 done ; I fliall be as glad, as heartily glad to fee 
 the important Service performed by thefe, as any 
 other Men. Yet thofe furely are not the Means 
 which have been taken •, nor the prefent Managers 
 I fear the Perfons. If Men try a Thing again, and 
 again, and find after all, that they cannot fiicceed, in 
 commonPrudence,they will retire from the Laughter 
 of the World, and that for which they are unfit. 
 
 •But if fuch a ftrange Ttch of Gaming prevails,' 
 that a loofing Gameltcr irretrievably dipt, is re- 
 folved to continue the Game at all Events ; I hope 
 the Nation will confider, that it is at their Expencc 
 he plays at the Expence of their Treafure their 
 Olory, their Intereft and their Trade. In this Cvor- 
 rupt Age it would be ridiculous to wonder at the 
 flrong Attachment of Placemen to Places. I wonder, 
 .however, that the Bulk of Placen>en, who pro^ 
 bably would be the fame under one Minifter or 
 another, fhould choofe to fupport a Sett of 
 Men whofe Councils are inefFedual in every Thing 
 but in working the Misfortunes of their Country. 
 That they fhould not endeavour to take to them- 
 felves a Head, whofe Meafures might do Credit 
 to themfelves and the Nation. No doubt there 
 are who have Talents equal to this Purpofe. But 
 if there fhould be found Men refolved to uphold 
 at all Events, an Adminiftration precipitating the 
 Nation into evident Ruin, both Abroad and at 
 Home i I hope there will be found thofe who will 
 exert themfelves to redeem their Country out of fuch 
 Captivity, who will call their Bonds from us, and 
 fet the Nation free -, in which Cafe it is no vain 
 Hope to exped that it will recover its ancient 
 Luitre and Glory. In fome Countries Men have 
 been capitally accufed of undertaking Employ- 
 ments to which they were unequal ; but what do 
 they deferve. who intrude themfelves by Force, 
 
 . who 
 
•*i 
 
 who fiHing, with an Infufficicncy fatal to their 
 Country and fhameful to then>felves, tlie ^reat 
 Places of the State, fupport themfelves by a Cabd, 
 whofe all-grafping I'ower, derogates from the Ho- 
 nour, tarnifhes the Luftre of the C — n, ancf 
 is deftruftive of the Constitution, whofe Meafuresf 
 i nvolve us in Difgrace Abrond, and enci'eaffe of 
 Debts and Poverty ?.t Home, together with a 
 Train of Miferies always accompanying a corrupt 
 Poverty ? What is the Purpofe of this anti — r— 1 
 Combination, this anti-conftitutional Fadlion. Is 
 their End a Gratification of their Ambition -, is it 
 for this they wreft the Reins of Government out 
 
 of the Hands of M y ? If fo, how well their 
 
 Purpofe is anfwered, let a conftant Succeflion of 
 Difgraees during the prefent Admitnftration tell ; 
 I may keep Silence, where Fiffts fpeak. But if 
 Avarice is the Motive, if the Enjoyment of their 
 rich Pafture (excufe me that I ufe fo groveling 
 an Idea, while I fpeak of fuch exalted Spirits) is 
 their grand Point of View j let not the Spirit of 
 this Nation, tho' baffled by the Defedtion of 
 pretended Friends be entirely cxtindt, nor Ihe 
 fuffer herfelf motiorvlefs snd fetifelefs to be preyed 
 on like a dead and corrupt C^cafe, let not they 
 who have b|een ufed not to be ^fmtif»g to their 
 Country's Caufe^ for tvet thf6* a SulTeimefs of 
 Temper gratify thofe, ©f whoiiTtljey moft com- 
 plain by a Defpondeftcy ^«d ferVJle Stifemiflion. 
 Granting them in Coftttdefjrtion of fiaving ufed 
 them ill,and at the Perfuafion ptthaj^fe of thofe who 
 wilh better to the Mi"niftry th^ th^ profefs the Pri- 
 vilege of ufmg them wkr as ill as they pleafe to 
 
 the great De n 6f the People, who look 
 
 upon an Ac e as an A n of 
 
 Meafures, and are at Lofs to find the meaning of 
 fuch Proceedings, and account for fuch Condud. 
 
 V 
 
 '*i...-a 
 
> 1. y • 
 
 •->//, 
 
 .v. 
 
 (56) ^ 
 
 It is at length to be expefted (\( there is any) the 
 fullen Humour will be foon over, when thofe ' 
 who have a true Senfe of the Sufferings of their * 
 C — ry, will regard their Country as ftill entitled 
 
 ^ ~ libl their Services, and that the Vainnefs of an 
 O '< will not be look'd upon as a ftronger 
 
 -' Argument now than heretofore. 
 
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