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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
 A -^I PPLIEC IIVHGE 
 
 ^K i653 EosI Main Street 
 
 S^S Rochester. New York 14609 US 
 
 '■S= (?16) 48i -0300 - Phone 
 
 ^= (716) 288 - 5989 - Fox 
 
The Ethnographical Elements of Ontario, 
 
 IThiMartiula wuH piejiHrfd in thu line of tlio iiivi!Kti;(»ti«im of the ('oiiiniitici' 
 ii|>p.iiiiti'(l hy thu British AsMDciiition ti) orgiiiii/.e iin KtliiU'IngicHl Survey of Cftimdii. ) 
 
 It huN often betni obherved that in Ontario, as wll us in alnioat 
 ovcry otla'f new colony, the early settlers located, iw a rule, in j^roups 
 or clnsttTs ju'conliii^' to mitionality or reli;;ious creed. In the course nl' 
 II jouriii'V through the ]irovinee one comes n|ion j^nnips of Eiij^lisli, 
 Scuts, Irish, French, Germans, etc. 'i'he particular initioiuility or cree.l 
 in each case (leterinines the characteristic traits of the jjroiiii — traits which 
 Ijcrsist tliroui,'h several <,a'nerations, notwith.stnndin),' the ievellin;,' tend- 
 encies of modern life. 
 
 The following lists give, \>y counties, such settlements or {j;roups i>\' 
 the original rural population of Ontario a.s can he set down in talailar 
 form. The urban purtinn of our popidation is t(jo nn.\e(l to be amenalile 
 to analy.sis of thi.s kitul ; the only oliservablo law in this case is that tlu' 
 population of each town or city is mainly recruited from the rural dis- 
 tricts in its nein^hborhood. 
 
 It has Ikjcii deemed advisable to adopt tlie olddivi.sionof the frontier 
 portion of tlie province into eleven districts, because it was the division 
 in use duriiij,' the first half of the idneteenth century, a period in whieh 
 the nundjer of innni;;rnnts was very lar;,'e. It is, accordinirjy, the .scheme 
 •of division found in tables of statistics of that period, many of which 
 will be useful in connection with this intjuiry. Followinif this scheiae 
 of division the population of Ontario for the years 1817 and 182.T is </\\ . i, 
 as follows: 
 
 1817. 1825. 
 
 Dintricf. (Ginirlay.*) {Fotherffil'.) 
 
 Eastern 12,700 16,524 
 
 Ottawa 1,500 2,580 
 
 Bathurst 10,309 
 
 Johnstown 9,200 15,2(36 
 
 Midland 14,853 27,316 
 
 Newcastle 5,000 9,966 
 
 Home 7,700 ' 17,942 
 
 Gore 6,684 14,225 
 
 Niagara 12,548 19,090 
 
 London 8,907 17,351 
 
 Western 4,158 7,162 
 
 Total 83,950 157,731 
 
 *" (Jourlaj'g Statistic*," Vol. I., p. I'M. 
 
 t 
 
re '^i 
 
 Al 
 
 06 
 
 1 OXTARin lllHTOKirM. S<M"IF.TY. 
 
 '''Ik! portion of tlio province not included in the ftlwve 'nclienie of 
 (liviHion is ilividtMi into eijfht (liHtrictM: Flalihiirton, MuHk()i<ii, Parry 
 Sound, NipiwNinj;, Alfjoma, Maiiitonlin Lslaiul, 'riiuiidtr Hay and Haii.y 
 River. 
 
 The liHt of settlers for the Kast'-rn District is first jfiveti, and tlumt 
 for thtj It her districts f(»IIo\v in ord. r proceeding' westward, hccausc in ft 
 j^eneral vay the oidcr of sfttlenitiit was frcin east t" A'est. Kor j^eo- 
 j,;raphical asons it was natnral that the east shoi'.ii contain the oldest 
 scttleuient, thou<{h the frontier at Niagara woh occupied almost as sooit 
 as the east. 
 
 In tlds province, as elsewhere, names of political and relijjious siy- 
 nificanco are often the most convenient for the desijrnatioii of the various 
 jjroups. 
 
 Ahsohito accuracy is not cluiined for the nund)ers and IcK-ations of 
 these jfroups. Tins lists, however, are sulwtantially correct, except that 
 in Home cases they may be incomplete. The date of settlement is some- 
 times given approximately, and sometimes there is j^iven an approxima- 
 tion to the nundjcr of original families in each group. 
 
 Societies for the study of Icxial history, na well as individuals, can 
 accomplish good work by making additions to these lists, by furnishing 
 accurate dates of settlement and the numbers of families in the various 
 groups. The compiler will be pleased to receive such amendmeni.s from 
 anyone who will take the trouble to write to him. 
 
 besides the groups given in the schedules many localitie.s were 
 wholly or partially settled by migrations from earlier occupied parts of 
 the ])roviiice. 
 
 In the counties of Victoria, Ontario, Simcoe, York, Wellington, 
 Waterloo and Oxford (in other words, the central portion of the j)rovince), 
 the population is very complex, including not only many nationalities 
 and creeds, but also differing widely as to their race origin. If I may 
 be permitted to express an opinion of the relative merits of settlements, 
 I should say the least progressive peoples are found where there has 
 been the least mixture. Where settlei-s of a kind are bunched together, 
 they retain old customs more tenaciously ; and there is something to l)e 
 said in favor of Colonel Talbot's whim in connection with his settlement 
 of Howard Township (Kent C^ounty), which he peopled on the checker- 
 board plan, or alternately, so that no two settlers of the same nationality 
 should be side by side. 
 
 But little information can V)e gleaned from census reports since 
 1801 bearing on the (juestion of the national origins of the earliest .set- 
 tlers, and even the earlier reports are useful only in connection with 
 
TIIK KIMXouitAIMMCAI. KI.KMKN IS (»K ONT.Mtlo. 3 
 
 the liir<,'(st or most proininfiit .scttlfiiusntv. I Imvo tlioiofon nilitil 
 cliieMy upon otluT .sources. It woiiM hu rlirticult to citu luiok, iicWMpaprr 
 mid i»ciHoiial iiuthotitii'.s from whom iiiforiimtioii wa.s olitaiiiefl in tii« 
 [inparuti /it of tlitiM*; liHts. This would taljc up nearly a^ much H\mvt» m 
 (111- tables tlKMMHtJM's and would supply no new facts, Hut .several \wv- 
 sons iiave iu-en kind enoui;h to revise my notes of paiticular ilistricts, 
 each for tlio <listrict with which he was best acipiainted, and I wisli to 
 acknowled^'o my obli;;ations for those services. These correspondents, 
 in various parts of the province, have been : ('.('. James, for the <!ust<'rly 
 districts; Ueor;,'e Iv Luidlaw, for Victoria County ; David I ioyle, for Wel- 
 lington County and conti^nious territory ; Jas. U. Coyne, for the Lako 
 Krio frontier; .\. C. Osborne, for the Nipis.sin^' District; Frank \'ei^'li, 
 for the Kainy lli\er District. 
 
 '{"he most .striking' feature of our ethno^jrapliy is the rapid inter- 
 mi.xture of peoples. Accordin;,dy the (|uestion of uii.xed races will be 
 the most difficult to finy one who wishes to analyze the population scien- 
 tifically. Hut the intermixture is never so ^reat iliatthe orij,dnal ;,'roups 
 cannot be di.scerned, even after thrtM! or four ^'enerations. 
 
 Besides the white races, there an; two others that should not lie 
 omitted: 
 
 (1) The various Indian bands whose statistics I have deriveil from 
 the report for the year endiuf^ June, 1808. 
 
 (2) Stiveral settlements of nej^roes. 
 
 For the clearinj,' up of many prol)lems in the heredity of mi.\, d 
 races, endless examples may be found in Ontario, and the student of 
 .uithropolof^y can there find a rich field for investigation. 
 
 A. F. HiNTKK. 
 Burrie, Out., J)ecember, 190U. 
 
 EASTERN DISTRICT. 
 Glengakrt County. 
 
 Groups of ImmigrantK. ToiviiJiifin wlinr netflcil. -._:.'^ 
 
 French-Canadians '. . . Lancaster,^Charlottenburjr, Lochiel. 
 
 Scots (Hiirhland Catholics. In 
 
 1782. The ori}j;inal .settlement 
 
 consisted of bo Mac<lonaldH and 
 
 35 Grants. Some Highland 
 
 Protestants also settled in these 
 
 townships.) Lancaster, Charlottenburg, Lochifel, 
 
 Kenyon. 
 Irish (Catholics) , . , . . Kenvon. 
 
..NTAIllO HISTOKUAK SOCIKTV. 
 
 4 
 
 Stormont County. 
 ■ . . Tuwmhhs whevp ndtlal. 
 
 Gro.r-. of Imm,<jranH ^^^^^^^^^^^ Uoxborough, Fjnch. 
 
 Frencli-Canaduuis c'oruwall, Roxborouj^li, tinch. 
 
 .Scots (Hislilan'l) Cornwall, Osnabrnck, Uoxborough, 
 
 IriHh (CatbohcH) j,j|jp,j 
 
 V. E. LoyaliHts (Dutch and Ger- 
 mans from Schohane^.Y.). -t- ^^^.^^^^,^^,, 
 
 tied about 17S4 • ■ ■ ,■ , 
 
 U. E. Loyalists (CJermans. Settled ^^^^^^.^^^_ 
 
 about 17H4-) 
 
 DuNDAS County. 
 
 WillianisburiT, Matilda, Wiuches- 
 Irish iQi-_ Mountain. 
 
 U E Loyalists (chiefly Dutch and 
 
 Geruians) settled in 1784 ana ^^,.,jj^^^^^^^^,,^, Matilda, 
 later years 
 
 OTTAWA DISTRICT. 
 
 Pkescott County. 
 
 Hawkesbury (East and West). 
 
 French-Canadians Lon<nieud, Alfred, Plantagenet. 
 
 E Hawkesbury, Plantagenet. 
 Irish (Catholics) 
 
 RussEix County. 
 
 Clarence, Cumberland, Cambridge 
 
 French-Canadians Russell. , „ ,, 
 
 Clarence, Cumberland, Russell. 
 Irish 
 
 BATHITRST DISTRICT. , 
 
 Carleton County. 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 French-Canacliaiis *'• ' V 
 
 Scots (from tho centrn,! coant.e» ot ^^ TorWton, FiUroy. 
 
 ..p^l'Mtur;Sen,c„t(cMeHy ^^^,^^^_._^ 
 
 Scots, in 181G) 
 
let. 
 
 ago 
 
 THE ETHNOCiBAl'HICAL ELEMENTS OK ONTARIO. 5 
 
 Groups of Imnuffrants. Townshipn where Hcttkd. 
 
 Iiish (Plot 'Htants from tlie north 
 
 of Ireland) Gloucester, Osgoode, Nepean, Marl- 
 
 l)orough, (Joulbourn, Marcli, 
 Huntley, Fitzroy. 
 Irish (Catholics) Huntley, Goulbourn. 
 
 Lanark County. 
 
 French-Canadians (25 families at 
 
 first : isolated, and now speakin(:f 
 
 English) ._ Lavant. 
 
 Scots ("Perth Military Settlement," 
 
 ill 181 G) Beclvwith, Drununond, Bathurst, 
 
 Burgess. 
 Scots (Renfrewshii'e and Lanark- 
 shire weavers. Ahout 18.S2 many 
 
 left their rocky land grants in 
 
 Dalhousie and went to Siincoe 
 
 (.?o. and other westerly counties) Ramsay, Lanark, Dalhousie. 
 Scots (Perthshire) Montague, Beckwith, North Elms- 
 ley, Drununond. 
 Scots (from the eastern borders of 
 
 Scotland) Ramsay, Pakenham. 
 
 Irish (Protestants from the north 
 
 of Ireland) Montague, North Elmsley, Ramsay, 
 
 Pakenham, Beckwith. 
 
 Irish (Catholics) Drununond, Bathur,st, Bui-gess. 
 
 LT. E. Loyalists (a few along .e 
 
 Rideau River) Montague, North Elmsley. 
 
 Renkkew County. 
 
 Scots (Highland, the " McNab Set- 
 tlement." Formed about 182:i) . McNab, Horton, Ross. 
 Scots (Lowland, small settlement) . Bromley. 
 
 Irish Bagot, Admaston, Ross, Bromley, 
 
 Westmeath, G rattan, VVilberforce. 
 
 Germans (.settled chiefly in the 
 
 sixties) Horton, Bromley, Pembroke, Grat- 
 
 tan, Wilberforce, Alice, Sebas- 
 topol, North Algona, Brudenell, 
 Raglan. 
 Poles (small settlement in Hagarty 
 
 Township). P. O. Wilno. 
 
 Indians (Algonquins of North Ren- 
 frew ; population, 286) AUumette Island and vicinity. 
 
 Indians (Algonquins of Golden 
 
 Lake ; population, 91) Algona. 
 
g ONTARIO HISTOUICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 JOHNSTOWN DISTRICT. 
 Gkenville County. 
 , Townshiji^^ o'here settled. 
 
 Group, of hnm.jrcmt. ^^^^^^^^ 
 
 uf Loyalist; (^etUed in 17hV and ^^j^^^^j^^^.^,, Augusta, Oxford, 
 later years) Wolford. 
 
 Leeds County. 
 
 Elizabethtown. 
 
 Englisli • • Bastard. r\.n«Viv 
 
 Irish (Protestants) Kitley, South Klmsley, '^ iosd> , 
 
 Irish (Catholics) (North and South.) 
 
 U. E. Loyalists (settled in 1 7«i and ^^.^^^^p^^t,,,,.^, Yonm-. 
 
 later years) ...••■ Escott. 
 
 U. S. Settlei-s (later) 
 
 MIDLAND DISTRICT. 
 Frontenac County. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Loughborough, Knigs- 
 Irish (Catholics) ^^j^^ \\'oUe Island. 
 
 U. E. Loyalists (settled in 1784 and p.^^^^^^g,,_ Kingston, 
 later years) 
 
 LENNO.K AND AdDINGTON CoUNTY. 
 
 Kaladar, Anglesea. 
 
 French-Canadians • • : • • • 
 
 iS (Catholics), 1825 and later ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ Ernestown, Cam- 
 
 years den, Sheffield. 
 
 Germans (from the Renfrew settle- ^^^^.^^^^ ^^y^i^ger. 
 
 u'e loyalists: '(^h^^<f-^f^ 
 
 entirely from the State of Nevv 
 
 York Dutchess and adjacent 
 
 counties along the Hudson and 
 Mohawk rive^rs. They were o 
 „nxed blood, but almost all ha 
 some Dutch and some Oerrnan 
 
 Palatine, settled in 1784 and later g^^^^^^^^_ Adolphustown. 1 red- 
 years) ericksburgh, Richmond. 
 
 Quakers (from Dutchess' County, ^ , ^,t„^„. 
 
 N.Y„1790) ^ 
 
thk kthnor.rai'hical elements ok ontario. 7 
 
 Hastings County. 
 
 GroujJs cif Imviifjrants. TownshipK where xeMled. 
 
 French-Canadians Elzevir, Hungerford. 
 
 English Thurlow, Sydney, Rawdon, Madoc. 
 
 Irish (Protestants) Extensive Het- 
 
 tlement Thurlow, Sydney, Hungorford, 
 
 Huntingdon, Madoc, Marmora. 
 
 Irish (Catholics'' Rawdon, Tudor. 
 
 U. E. Loj-alists. (Extensive settle- 
 ment. In 1784- and succeeding 
 
 years) Thurlow, Sydney. 
 
 Indians (Mohawks of the Bay of 
 
 Quinte; population, 1,228) .... Tyendinaga. 
 
 Prince Edward Covntv. 
 
 Endish Hallowell, Marysburgh. 
 
 Irish (Protestants), from County 
 
 Down AH the townships, but Hailowell 
 
 chiefly. 
 
 Irish (Catholics) Athol, Hillier. 
 
 U. E. Loyalists (Germans), settled 
 
 in 1784 and .succeeding years. . . Sophiasburgh, Hallowell, Amelias- 
 burgh. 
 
 Discharged Hessian soldiers Marysburgh. E'orty families, most 
 
 of whom afterwards left. 
 Quakers (from Long Island and 
 Dutchess County, N. Y., and from 
 Pennsylvania) Hillier, Hallowell. 
 
 NEWCASTLE DISTRICT. 
 
 Peterboro' County. 
 
 English Asphodel, Otonabee, Smith, Douro, 
 
 Dummer. 
 
 Scots Asphodel, Otonabee, Smith. 
 
 Irish (Protestants) Asphodel, Otonabee, North Mona- 
 
 ghan. Smith, Douro, Dummer. 
 Irish (Catholics), Peter Robinson's, 
 
 in 182'* Smith, Ennismore. 
 
 Indians (Mis.si.ssagas,populat'n, IG-i) Mud Lake. 
 " ( " " 79) Rice Lake. 
 
jj ONTAUKl HISTOHK'AL SOCIETY. 
 
 NoRI'HrMHElU-ANl) Cl)rNTY. 
 
 Gro.p. of Immiyra.f. 2V,.r../ap rrkere .4,1.1. 
 
 Enjrlish (m.n.y "^ them were re- ^,,i,^„^,^,i Han.ilton. 
 
 tired nul,Ury othcers, 1820-3.). HaUln^^^^^^ , ^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^^9f " ; ; Haldimand, Hamilton, Percy, hey- 
 
 ^^■''^" mour, Murray. 
 
 U. S. Settlers (1798-1812, from New 
 
 v"'^ I'SSJ^"'' " " Haldimand, Haunlton. 
 
 kn" anil otates) • , , . , • 
 
 IndkvnH(Missis.agas,populat'n,228) Alnwick. 
 
 Vktouia County. 
 
 ,P i;,,,., .. Somerville, Boxley, Eldon^ 
 
 trench-Canadians Boxley, Eldon, Fenelon, .Mariposa. 
 
 oLULnv/J'n Mariposa. 
 
 tensive settlement) ; •, ' ' •, ' ^ 
 
 Scots (from the west Hi<,ddands. ^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Catl'olics) SomerviUe, Verulam (a few), Mari- 
 
 Scots^i.owland) 
 
 , . , ,^ , , , ^ Son.trviUe, Bexley, Fenelon, Veru- 
 
 Irish (Protestants) »« ^^^^^ Maripo.sa, Emily. 
 
 T • , ,p ,, ,.K.«N . . Emilv, Verulam, Bexley, Laxton, 
 Irish (Catholics) ^.^^^^^^ Longford. 
 
 Irish (Catholics). Extensively . . . Ops, Kldon, Carden. 
 
 Durham County. 
 
 -^ V \ . . Darlington. 
 
 ^,"^'^^." ; . . Clnrke, Hope. 
 
 krfHighland);V.-.V.-.V.-.V... Chiri^^^f £:^,, Cavan, Dar- 
 
 Ivish (Protestants) "-'wton Clarke, Hope. 
 
 HOME DISTRICT. 
 
 Ontario County. 
 
 English. (Extensive settlement) . . Pickering, Uxbridge, Reach, Brock. 
 
 S^tiilZiS™"^::-:::,: ^Sg.whithy. 
 
 Scots (Highland. Protestants. Be- ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ r,,,,. 
 crun in 1 o.i 1 ) 
 
TI!K ETHNOaUAl'HIGAI. ELEMENTS OF ONTAUIO. 9 
 
 Groups of ImmigvdntK. Toii'iifilnpx where svtlli'<l. 
 
 Scots (Hij^lihuul. Catholics. This 
 jfroup has soinetirnus bueii called 
 "Jacohites" in historical litera- 
 ture relating to the district) . . . Mara. 
 
 Irish(.sonie Irish Palatines in Brock) Mara, Brock, Reach, I'ickering. 
 
 Settlers from the United States. 
 (Dutch and Quakers. These ar- 
 rived at about the same time as 
 their companions in Markham 
 Township, viz., about 1805). . . . Pickering, Whitby. 
 
 Indians (Chippewas. Population, 
 
 28(i) Rama. 
 
 Indians (Mississagas. Population, 
 
 38) Scugog. 
 
 York County. 
 
 French-Car ulians (20 families). . . Georgina, North Gwillimbury, East 
 
 Gwillinibury. 
 
 English (from the west of England, 
 
 in 1820) Vaughan, Markham. 
 
 English (from other counties of 
 
 England at a later date) Etobicoke, York, King. Whitchurch, 
 
 Scarboro, East Gwillimlniry. 
 
 Scots (from Eskdale, Dund'ries- 
 
 shire, in 1800 Scarboro. 
 
 Scots (Highland) N'aughan, King, Markham, York. . 
 
 Scots (from Annandale, Dumfries- 
 
 shii-e, in IS-iO) Vaughan. 
 
 Irish (from the Js'^orth of Ireland) . Etobicoke, York, Scarboro, Vaug- 
 han, Markham, King, Whit- 
 church, East Gwillind)ury. 
 
 Germans (Berczy's GO families, in 
 
 1794) Markham. 
 
 French (Royalists. Twenty fami- 
 lies, in 1798) King and Whitchurch (along Yongo 
 
 Street, the boundary between tlie 
 two town.ships. 
 
 Settlers from New York State, in 
 1800. Many of these subse- 
 (juently were formed into a re- 
 ligious sect, the followers of one 
 David Willson, and known as 
 " Davidites." East (Jwilliinbury. 
 
 Quakers (from Pennsylvania, chief- 
 ly in 1805, though 40 families 
 came in 1800) King, Whitchurch. 
 
jQ OJilAHIO msTOHlCAI, S.K:1ETV. 
 
 Group.^ of /"""'.'/'■"''^: ,. ,rk Vaugh.vn. Mnrkha.n. 
 
 l'o..Msylvania Dutch (in 1 «0.)) .... ^^^j^^j^^^ch (on Yongo Street) 
 
 Mennonists or 'I nnkiTs y^Mmu, Kiiif,', York, Etobicokc. 
 
 Necroes (a lew ) ,' V- ' .. "^ 
 
 Indians (Chippewas ; population. ,^^,,,,5,^,^ ,,„a Snake Islands. 
 
 124) 
 
 SiMCoK County. 
 
 LVoneh-Oanadians (LoKun in 1H28) Tiny. Tay. 
 
 K..f,dish(l-.on. northern e^uniesc,! ^ ^^r, I'^'mli'^ '^J 
 
 En-land. Ue^mn in 1820j ^.^^^^ Medonte, Tecumseth, West 
 
 Gwiliiiubury. 
 
 Scots (from Sntherlan.lshi.v at first 
 Imnuj-rants with LordSelkuks 
 
 Red River -'--Js ^--^1" West GwiUin.bury. ' 
 faniihes.about 1820,locatea ntit ; 
 
 Scots (from Islay, Ai-ylesh.re. Ht- ^^^^ Nottawasacja chiefly, and 
 
 mm in 1832) , families of the same migra- 
 
 tion into Me.lonte, Orilha, hunni- 
 dale. 
 Scots (Lanarkshire a'ld RenfiM3W- 
 shire, via Dalhous.e 'lownsh.p, 
 but in 1832. Many (Jlasgow 
 andPaisley weavers were among j^^^.^^, j,,^^, 
 
 ScSDumfri;ssiii;e:1832tol8.0) Innisfil. 
 Irish (begun in 1830. Protestants. 
 
 '18 1 lueijuu III • . ,, 
 
 From Ulster. Extensive settle- 
 
 inent) 
 
 Irish (Catholics, begun in 1830) . . 
 •<*h (fnmi Londonderry in 1850, 
 
 West Gwillimbury, Tecuinseth, In- 
 
 iiisfil, Essa, Tossorontio. 
 AdiZvespni. Flos, Medonte. Not- 
 
 tawasaga. 
 Innistil. 
 
 Ccrmans "(beg.ui with' 10 families, ^^^^^^^,^^^^^ 
 
 in 1834) .• ■■-- Oro (20 families), Sunnidale. 
 
 Megrocs (Begun m 1828) . . . . • • • • 
 
 Imlians (Chippewas; population, p^^^^^^^i^j, ^nd Christian Islands. 
 
 206) 
 
 Peei. County. 
 
 English (from northern counties of ^^^^^^^^^ Chinguaconsy, Albion, 
 
 England) Toronto, Toronto < iore. 
 
Albion, 
 
 THE KTHNOOKAPMICAL ELKMKNTS OF OXTAIIIO. II 
 
 Groups uf lviniigr(in(n. Townahipa when; settled. 
 Scots (Hif,'hlaiul, bo^'Uii in 1S18) . . Ohingnacousy, t'aledon, Toronto. 
 Irish (from the Nortli of Ireland, 
 Protestants. Kxtensive settle- 
 ment) Caledon, Toronto, Albion, Chinfjua- 
 
 cousy. 
 
 Grky County. 
 
 Kiif^lish Bentinck, Ef^rcniont, St. Vincent. 
 
 Scots (Lowland) Nornianby, Ej^'rcniont. 
 
 Scots (Hifjhland) Bentinck, Glenelfj. 
 
 Irish (from the North of Ireland. 
 
 Extensive settlement) Artemesia, Bentinck, Collin<,'wood, 
 
 Sullivan, Holland, Nornianby. 
 
 Germans Bentinck, Normanby. 
 
 Negroes (a feiv) Sydenham, Euphrasia, Bentinck, 
 
 Normanlu'. 
 
 DUFFEIMN Col'NTY. 
 
 Scots East Garafraxa. 
 
 Irish (Protestants, from Ulster. 
 
 Extensive .settlement) Mulmur, Mono, Amaranth, Melanc- 
 
 thon, Ea.st Luther. 
 Negroes (a few) Melancthon. 
 
 GORE DISTRICT. 
 Wentwouth County. 
 
 English Ancaster, Barton, Binbrook, Bev- 
 erley, Flaml)oro', Glanford, Salt- 
 fleet. 
 
 Scots (Lowland) Flamboro', Ancaster, Binbrook, Bev- 
 erley. 
 
 Irish Ancaster, Barton, Beverley, Flam- 
 boro', Saltfleet 
 
 IT. E. Loyalists. (Some Dutch or 
 
 Germans from New Jor.sey) .... Ancaster, Beverley. 
 
 Germans (from the United States) Glanford, East Flamboro'. 
 
 Negroes Barton. 
 
 Halton County. 
 
 English Esquesing, Nelson, Trafalgar. 
 
 Scots (Highland. Pre,sbyteriana) Esquesing, Trafalgar, Nelson, Nas- 
 
 sagaweya. 
 
j2 ONTARIO HISTOKICAI. SOCIKTV. 
 
 . Townsliip>^ where Mded. 
 
 Groups <>J TwmigrnnU ■'"•^ t 
 
 Scots. (Be-un in IHlt) fruiu thn 
 bonier .li«tricts of Scotland : al.so 
 a few from Barnct, \ t. Part ol 
 Ks.iueHin<' is called tho "Scotch 
 
 Waticiu.oo County. 
 , ^ ,. North Waterloo. Wilmot. 
 
 French-Canadians Wellesley. 
 
 Ent'lish .' ' ■ ; ; i' V ' • ' 
 
 Scots (Hij,'hland, r,a taledonui. ^^^^^^ i3„n,f,ies, Woolwich. South 
 
 N.Y.) Waterloo, Wellesley. 
 
 . , ,s . . North Dmufiies. 
 
 Scots (Lowland) Wellesley. 
 
 Irish Wihiint 
 
 Settlers from France....... ;•••■ ^^>'"'o^- 
 
 Uennans. (Begnninl820 bxte.j- 
 
 Hive Pait of this settlement is 
 
 called the "Amisch" Settlement, 
 
 having been made up ot the fol- 
 lowers of Ami, the chief seceder ^^,^^^^^.,^^ j^^^.^,^ ^„,i South), Wil- 
 of a religious sect) ; • ^^^^^.^ Wellesley, Woolwich. 
 
 • i /• iQf»i\ . . Waterloo. 
 
 Mennonists (in ISOl)... • • ■ •••••• w,,tprloo 
 
 Pennsylvania Germans (ni 1 NOO . . Watei loo. 
 Settlers from the United States 
 
 Hon. Wm. Dickson s (Shades) ^,^^^.^,^ 3^^,,^^^^.^,,. 
 
 .settlement, in 18lfa Wellesley. 
 
 Negroes 
 
 Braxt County. 
 
 Brantford, Burford. 
 
 English •■;;••;: South Dumfries. 
 
 Scots (Highland) . ^ Dumfries, Brantford. 
 
 Scots (border districts) . . . . ■ • • • ■ • ^°;^,^tf„rd. 
 
 ludi'ans (Six Nations; total popu- j ,^,_ Tuscarora. 
 
 lation, 3,929) 
 
 WELLiNciTON County. 
 
 English (from Norfolk, Suffolk and Eramosa, Guelph. Puslinch, 
 
 Yorkshire) ^ .^' Garafraxa, Peel, Pilkington. 
 
 North Welsh and Cornish Pilkington. 
 
1)11, 
 
 nth 
 
 Wil- 
 
 Tlir, KIIINiifiHAPmcAI, KI.EMKNTS OK ONTAKIO. lit 
 
 Groapn of Imm'njrantx. Tawnnkips trhcir sitflni 
 
 Kiiyli.sh and Scots. (Vi<i SuH(|Ue- 
 ' )na Count}', Fa., in Ifsl8 and 
 
 •i.'.; se(iui!nt yeans) Kraniosa. 
 
 ScotH (Paisley woavurs) in 1H27. . . Guolpli. 
 
 Scots (AbonlecuHhiri') Minto, Arthur, Nichol, W. Oani- 
 
 fra.xa, Erin. 
 
 Scots (Midlothian; Ouflph, Nichol. 
 
 Scots. (Hi<,'hlan(l. One settlunient 
 from Hadoiioch, InvuruL'SH, an- 
 other I'roni Loch Urooin, Koss- 
 .shircand a larjfe settlement from 
 
 Ar<;ylesi\ire) Pusiinch (extensively). 
 
 Iri.sh ! Arthur(extensively),Kramosa,Krin, 
 
 Garafraxa,(jluelph,Maryborou<,di, 
 Pusiinch, Peel (extensively). 
 
 (.Jermans (Lutherans) Guelph, Pilkington, Pusiinch. 
 
 (Jermans (Catholics) Pusiinch. 
 
 Pennsylvania Dutch Pusiinch. 
 
 Negroes (a few) Peel. 
 
 Tlie townships of Maryborotigh, Peel and adjacent townships were 
 popularly called "The (Queen's Hush," and were settled in the fifties and 
 sixties chiefly by settlers from older parts of Ontari<j. 
 
 aslinch, 
 ngton. 
 
 NIAGARA DISTRICT. 
 
 Hai.dimand County. 
 
 English (including many military 
 
 and naval otHcers Dunn, Cayuga (North and South), 
 
 Rainham, Walpole. "" ,' 
 
 Irish (Catholics) Dunn, Canboro, North Cayuga, 
 
 Oneida, Seneca, Walpole. ^ 
 
 U. E. Loyalists Walpole, Seneca, North Cayuga, 
 
 Oneida. 
 Germans (from Pennsylvania) .... Rainham. 
 Indians (Mississagas who removed 
 from River Credit, Ont.; popula- 
 tion, 24(5) Oneida. 
 
 Welland County. 
 
 English Staniford, Thorold, Wainfleet. 
 
 Irish (Catholics) Tliorold, Humberstone, Stamford, 
 
14 ONTAlllO MISTdUICAI, SOCIKTV. 
 
 Ui'oupH of Immirjrautx. Toiiuii^hipx wln'ir xvtllril. 
 
 V. K. LovaliHtH (1780-171)0) BtM-tic, 145 fuiiiilieH at first; Crow- 
 land, HO; HumhorHtoiu', 100; 
 Pulhain, 120; Staiiilonl. 140: 
 Thorold, 100; WaiiiMcet, llo 
 Willoiiyhby, <iO. 
 
 (iorinaiiH HuinhcrHtono, Hortio, Will()U<,'hby. 
 
 MogrooH (a few) Bortie, Stainl'unl, Willouyliby. 
 
 Lincoln Countv. 
 
 Euf'.iish fJraiitliam. 
 
 Iri.sii (Catliolics) Oranthaiii. 
 
 CJermans (JainHb(mni>,'li. 
 
 r. E. LoyaliMts Loutli, Niayani. 
 
 butler's Run'a-r'siin 1784) Xiafjara. 250 laiiiilies; (Jrantham, 
 
 200. 
 
 M.'unonistH Loutli. 
 
 LONDON DISTRICT. 
 
 Perth County. 
 
 French-Canadian.s (few) Lof,'an, Eliice. 
 
 Engli.sh (Devon and Cornwall) . . . Blan.shard, Downic, Fullerton. 
 .Scots Blan.shard, Downie, Fullerton, Hib- 
 
 bort, Lo^'an, Klina, Mornington, 
 
 North Eaathope 
 Ii-isli Blanshard, Downie, Hibbert, EUicc, 
 
 North Easthope, Morninfrton. 
 
 Ehna, Wallace. 
 
 Swiss rsuiall settlement) Easthope (North and Houth). 
 
 Oermaiis (from Waterloo County) . Easthope (North and South), Elhce, 
 
 Fullerton, Logan. 
 Alsatians (few) Downie. 
 
 Bri'ce County. 
 
 Scots (chieHy from Argyleshire) . . Huron, Kinloss, Culro,sH, Kincar- 
 dine, (ireenock, Bruce, Saugeen, 
 Elderslie. 
 
 Ii-ish Arran, Brant. 
 
 Irish (Catholics) Culro.ss, Carrick. 
 
 Oermans (Catholics) 
 
 Germans Brant, Carrick. 
 
 Some of the Port Elgin first settlers (Saugeen Township) were 
 
 CJermans from Waterloo. 
 
THK ETHNCXJRAl'HK AI, EI-EMKNTH OK ONTAUIO. 1ft 
 
 Gi'DupM of Iiiiinlijrantn. Ti>\rnnhlps trlierc Htttlnl. 
 
 ' IiulianH (Cliii»|)owaM ; population, 
 
 •^^^^ ) Saujjoi'ii. 
 
 Indians (('liippcwrH : ])Oi)nlation, 
 
 ,S!)S) Nawiish. 
 
 OXKOHD COITNTY. 
 
 Enfilisii (Lincolnshire) Hlonhciin, Blaiulfonl, Kast 'Aovvn. 
 
 Uxl'onl, I)urt,'liani. 
 
 Scots ( Prott'stant ) Sntlu'ilan<l- 
 shirt', etc., hut many here aroaiso 
 from th<.' Hthriilus, (.</., Hist., ami 
 are thcnil'oro caih'il " Cisttirs." 
 The latter arc Catliolics in reli- 
 gion. The initial Ili^'hlaud set- 
 tlement in Zorra consisteil of 150 
 
 familieH Blenheim, Hlandfonl, /orra (Ka.st 
 
 and West), and East Nissouri. 
 
 Irish Derehnni. 
 
 Settlers from the Tnited States 
 
 (liejjun in I7!i:{) Blenheim. 
 
 Quakers (from tlie I'nited States). 
 
 Extensive settlement Norwich. 
 
 Germans East Zorra, lilenheini, 
 
 Negroes South Norwich. 
 
 HUKON CoL'NTV. 
 
 English (Devonshire). There is also, 
 a .small settlement of Enj^lish 
 from Wiltshire in ColhorneTown- 
 
 ship Hullett, Stephen, Ushorne. 
 
 Scots (hoth Hiffhland and Low- 
 land) Goderich, Colhorne, A.shfield, Mc- 
 
 Killop, Grey, Stanley, Tucker- 
 smith. 
 Irish (both Protestants and Cath- 
 olics) Ashfield, Goderich, McKillop, 
 
 Wawanosh. 
 Germans . . . , Howick, Hay, Stephen. 
 
 Huron and Perth counties formed what was known as the " Huron 
 Tract." It was settled by the Canada Company, beginning in 1827. 
 
J0 oNTAUIt) m.STOKICAI. suClinv. 
 
 Ki-aiN CouxTV. 
 
 (iroiipx of Jinmiiiniitln. TniniHhli»i irhnr kHIIi;I. 
 
 fcyji.vi Ilayhaiii, Malahiilo, Sovjtliwolil. 
 
 Hadn V('isi;lil< .ii. 'I'lioRc in AM- 
 
 boronjjl, fi< fi'tJiu l/M-i Scl- . , o .1 1 I 
 
 W^rtcsHed HiviT ImUI.1), Aldhoiou;;!!, Duiiwich, Soutliwolil, 
 
 Viiniioiitli, Soutli I )()rcli('HtiT. 
 
 |,,j^j^ Diunvich, Soiitliwolil, Yaniioutli. 
 
 Settlers from the V'niU'il Sfates .. Bnyb'iH/ Malalii.lr, Vminoiitli 
 
 (Soutln iiImo a Imv ol tlic tirst 
 settlors III tlioHouth of Dniiwicli). 
 
 ^Vnnsylvtiiiia Dutch Miilahidc 
 
 Oi'tttalV^ (iiioHtlv Kvaiij,'t'lical 
 
 i.utli. n.f»^) Xi'Un-auKh. 
 
 The " Talbot " Sottlcmont was tlio jffiiefal natiu" ^ivi'ii to the ter- 
 ritory ill wliich Kigali ("niintv is situated. In the rorniatioii of this 
 setth'iiieiit {'(.iouel Tall.ot firran^n'd that Howard Township (Kent 
 County) sliould lie settled alternately on the checker-l)oard plan, so that 
 settlers of the same nationality should not receive farms side hy side. 
 
 Nolll'OLK CoUNTV. 
 
 p^„„li„lj \Voodhouse,TownHcnd,Walsin<j;ham. 
 
 jri^iii . Walsinj,diani, Woodhouse. 
 
 Germans (I'rotestant. from Wir- 
 
 temberj;, 80 families came in 
 
 1X47 Middleton. 
 
 U. E. Loyaiists, about 17!»:J Woodhouse, ("harlotteville, W'al- 
 
 sin}.jham. 
 
 This is what was known as thp " Long Point Settlement." Many 
 came from New Jersey, see No. 2 " Papers an<l Records," Ontario His- 
 torical Society. 
 
 Middlesex County. 
 
 Enjjlish Lol^O' Westminster, McGillivray, 
 
 ^ North Dorchester, London. 
 
 Scots (Highland, mostly Presby- 
 
 terian. Extensive settlement). . Lobo, Williams, London, Ektrid, 
 
 Mosa, Caradoc, Westminster, 
 West Nissouri, North Dorchester. 
 
 Irinh (Catholics) Biddulph, McGillivray, London, 
 
 Nissouri. 
 
 Settlers from Genesee, N.Y. (about 
 
 lj^30) Williams. 
 
 Pennsylvania Dutch North Dorchester. 
 
TIIK KIIINOdHAI'linAI. KI.K.MKNTS OK oNTAUKi 
 
 Oroii/m of Jinviiijiinifti. Tini'DMhi/)" nli, rr sitllnl. 
 
 IiidiaiiH (( 'hippo wtiH, popiiliitinii, 
 
 447) Citmiloc. 
 
 Iiidiiins ( MiiiiHi-eH of tlio Tlmincs, 
 
 p()|iuliiti()n, 120) ('ariiiluc. 
 
 ludiiitis (OiifidiiH ; popiiltttioi' 8()H) J)clHWiiri', 
 
 17 
 
 WEsTKRN DlsriUCT. 
 
 KSSKX Cni'NTY. 
 
 French-CiumdiaiiM (al)out 1750) .. Ainlordon, Maidstoiu', Saiulwieli, 
 
 Muldi'ii, lk(JclieHtt'r, West 'I'iltniry. 
 Eajjlisli (from tlio iiortlieni cuiin- 
 
 ticH of Kn<,dand) MaidHloiu', Mcrsca, (JoHtield, 
 
 N '^rooH t'olelii'Mtor, Kawt Sandwicli. 
 
 Indians ( Wyandottcs) Andcnlon. 
 
 Tlicse arc siiitl to lie the old 'rohacco Nation From (Icorj^ian May. 
 Tlioy iiavo ciiicHy moved to the Western States, loMvin<j a inipiilatioii of 
 only ten. 
 
 Kent County. 
 
 Frencli-Caiiadians (from the Prov- 
 ince of (Quebec, about hS-'J?). . . . Dover, Kast Tilbury. 
 
 En<j;lish (Northern counties) Ilomni-y, Harvvicli, Howard, Orford. 
 
 Scots (Lowhind) Camden, Chatham, Harwich, How- 
 
 artl, Urford. 
 Scots (Selkirk's " Baldoon " Hicrh- 
 
 landers, in 18()U ; 1 10 persons). . Dover. 
 Settlers from the ITnited States 
 (mostly from Pa., of German 
 
 origin) Raleiiih. 
 
 Negroes (two settlements) Raleigh, Camden. 
 
 Indians (Moravians of the Thames) Orford (population, 354). 
 
 (Chippewns) Walpole Island (population, 624). 
 
 (Pottawattamies) " " (population, 18 1). 
 
 Lambton County. 
 
 English Bosan(|uet, Plympton. 
 
 Scots (Selkirk's Highlanders) .... Sombra. 
 •Scots (Renfrewshire, Lanarkshire 
 
 and Perthshire, about 1833) . . . Sarnia, Plympton, Moore. 
 
18 
 
 ONTAIUO IIISTOKICAI- SOCIETY. 
 
 Gr(uii»< of Immigmnta. Townah'ipx where mitM. 
 
 jj.iy], ' Moore, Plynipton, Warwick. 
 
 Indians (Cliippewas : population, 
 
 44y\ tiosanquet, barnia. 
 
 In Sainia Townsiiip there waa a settlement on the Owen System, 
 " of having all things eonunon," the system having received its name 
 from Uobcit Owen, the apostle of co-operation. 
 
 THE NEW DISTRICTS OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Hamiututon. 
 
 French-Cana.liuns Lutterworth, Minden. 
 
 English Lutterworth. 
 
 An En.'-lish land co.npany obtained a block of townships in Hali- 
 burton for settlement. Those consisted of Ouilfonl, Harburn bruton 
 and the six townships lying immediately north ol these. Here, however, 
 as elsewhere throughout the province, the bulk ol settlers moved Irom 
 parts settled earlier. 
 
 MUSKOKA. 
 
 Freneh-C^u.adians B'vxter Gibson, Freeman. 
 
 Settlers from older parts of Ontario In all the townships. 
 Indians (Iiwiuois and Algon((uins, 
 
 from Oka, (^ue. ; population, 125) Gibson. 
 
 Parry Sound. 
 
 French-Canadians Wallbridge and five adjacent town- 
 ships, Nipissing, Hiinswortli. 
 
 Germans (Catholics) Gurd, Nipissing, Himsworth. 
 
 o,.,;^^ Ill the same. 
 
 Settlers fromolder parts of Ontario In nearly all the townships, though 
 
 spar.sely in many. 
 
 Indians (Oiibways of Lake Huron) Parry Island, population, lOIi; 
 ^ ' '' Shawaimga, population, 110; 
 
 Magnetawan, population, 70 
 Henvey's Inlet, population, 19!). 
 
 Nipissing. 
 
 French-Canadians Papineau, Calvin Bonfield. Ferris, 
 
 McKim, Blezard. 
 
 FVench-Canadians (repatriated 
 
 under Father Paradis, from the „ „. , x • , it i 
 
 Western States Caldwell, kirkpatrick, Hugel. 
 
tM. 
 ck. 
 
 II System, 
 its naine 
 
 :)S in Hali- 
 rn, Brutou 
 e, htiwi'ver, 
 lOved from 
 
 1. 
 
 acent town- 
 
 isworth. 
 
 'orth. 
 
 iiips, though 
 
 iition, 103 ; 
 ition, 110; 
 lation, 70 
 lation, 199. 
 
 field, Ferris, 
 
 Hugel.