IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V. // 1? m.0 ''m^. "i W :/. f/i 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■ 50 '""^^ 1.4 IM IIM 1.6 m. e ^ /^ ■ '.«.°^ % %' ^7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WE3STER,N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 m \ \ -^v\ ^ .A (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de: Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Library Dalhousie University Les images suivantes ont 6td reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformitd avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. 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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 22% ■k--k-:^-A •v>^- ■v; ■• x ,^< 5?1 -^ - .,-' ''"^■^t^m ^m L.^,.-^ ^^'JfT PUBLIC ARCHIVES NOVA SCOTIA t m t A^ss ®^=^<^M)^-^ OF IHH INDIEvS. BY W. E. SCHWARTZ. HERALD PRINTING HOUSE. GRANVILLE STREET. HALIFAX. m^^j^eii('iioG I have consulted many aiitiiorities, liut niuoh of neccssily has been omitted, as T have endeavoured Kj tK)iit'ine niyself to limited space and such fact-^ and inforiiiiUioii as may Ix' t'oinid must iisrl'iii and intfii'stini:. Horn aw it were into the hnsiiiess which I conduct, naturally I have found it hard to restrain my pen as the many facts of inter- est to me ill this ennnection camo to hand. However. I hope I have not trospnssed on the icadci-'s iiationec. nor made the following pajics weari^Dmc. ^lay 1 hope the reader will iiaiihui my occasional lapses, and init iiiiaiiine this b(wik is a mere advertisement, because the few t.\amples of high-elas> articles introdiieed into the narrative are c<>nnect<'d witli my own name. F could onlv write of that which 1 know U) be true. Perhaps the chief merit of the book lies in the fact that it is a; home luvxluctioii. being written, printed and bound by Xova .Scotians, and in the city of Halifax. I regret, however, that the paper it is piintcd upon is imported. The reader will admit that it is good paper, hut 1 believe paper just as good ■• 'M and of right ought to be made in Xova Scotia. Cotton mills (built only a few yeare since) situated amidst the cotton fields and on the river banks of the .Southern States, are paying a. dividend of 'M) i>er cent., while those of Old and Xew England are glad to be in a position to divide five per cent., and apparently are fast being driven to the wall by their Southern comjietitors. Are there any reasons why paper mills situated upon the banks "f our fine rivers, and amidst the pulp forests of Xova Scotia, should not i>ay good dividends, and do for Xova Sootia what the cotton mills do for the S«)uth. and give increased employment to. our own people? It does seem to mo lo k" a -,nave mistake in the tradi- policy ol this oounti-y to allow the exportation of so much raw material without some restriction, or in some way providing for its being manufactured at lionio, and thcre»)y extracting from it all the wealth we are naturally entitled to; and I hope this will oomo iiiidfi' the Pyt-s of N„v., Seotiaiis who liav,. patriotisu. mii.I inoiu'y enough to enable them to do their duty in this matter. IJiit 1 must not wcHvy the ir;i(lcr. and in coiicliisioiL with th,. iitiiMiHt respect. I INSCRIBE THIS LITTLE BOOK TO Uhc J'liir B.iucihtcvs of Jlc.ibia. Till Miij/flf„r,r l,iii/.s III shil/i/r III mil II hn'm/ Iloiiit to till /iifirf /In rirsf ,//,„/ /fioiii/lirs „/ Sprii,,/ Luinj linn/ in i/reif i/i rlnirni.^ at iri,'i/ niorii, Liiiiif mail 1/.^ Iiiiils Aroillns ,<•//,/> „iltini .■ Loiiij miuj its tints, SI, ihJiii.lily run . Itirnl thi liloom Inr lonly ilinnj/ili rs ir,„r. Hon. .I(i>kimi IIdwk //''• MajcsDjs iiirtlnlaji. /,s'.'/,'/. 77/ A' AL'T/lOl;. f pf}-t'^ '■<-Jort CofTee from? AVliere docs it grow? and other qiiestioii> a.- to th.e nature of the important articles of eonimerce with wliieli mir name has been identiflod for so many years; and induced by the apparent interest in the Ruhject. we liave been led to compile this l)ook-. We hope the reader will not expect loo much : and while these tales may not be as exciting as luioht be wished, yel mc think th.'v will 1),. found ^piCi/- If they are not as interesting as stories of war and niin, it may be they will be fragrant with the perfume of peace and pros- perity, and if they are not as entertaining as the "Anibian Nights." the writer hopes they will be found at ]ea=t as useful. •'/• TALKS or rill': ixi>ii:s. Ill thJs cliapter we will take the ai-ticle with which our name has been associated for nearly sixty years — Coffee, We shall try to place before you a few intercstiufr facts reifarding its rise and progress from the beginning; and in a subscqu(Mit chapter we will describe as briolly a.s possible the principal spice plants, the pro- ducts of which are in daily use in nearly every household; adding such historical facts as may be of interest. rt is not possible w-Jitbin tlie limit we have set, to write more than a few items of interest upon each subject. The origin of man i? not more interesting than the origin of food. We live, move and have itiii' being apparently apai"t from the earth: and yet, assiiiely as tlie oak tree derives sustenance fnun tlie eartli and air, so our natural bodies are just as intimately connected with the earth as •though We were trees planted in our gardens. But we have not time iior space to go deeply into this subject, or enter into the question as to how i)eopl(> discovered which of "Yntiire's ]U'oducts were fit for food and which were not. If if had been possible for you lo l)e wiili the lintisli Arniv, which under the command of Lord ^fajiie;- invaded Abyssinia a few yciirs ago. in marcliing througji that country you would prol)a- bly have noticed a beautiful wild tree growing in some districts bearing red cherry-like berries. Picking some of them you would have f,iun(l enclosed in the ilesh the old familiar coffee bean. For this important and viilunble article of food is the produce chiefly of Colfce Aribica, a ru])iacoous plant indigenous to Abyssinia,whieh however, as cultivated originally spread outwards from the south- ern ])arts of Arabia. The name is probably derived from the Arabi K'hawab. although by some it has been tra.ced to Coffa, a province in Abyssinia in which the tree grows wild. Beslides being found wild in Aliyssinia. tb Coffee Plant. Coffee does not retard the action of the bowels, as strong in- fusions of tea lend to do, partly because there is less of the astrin- gent principle, and also owing to the presence of the aromatic oil which tends to move the bowels. The important offices of coffee, "besides the exhilarating effects referred to above, are to allay the sensations of hunger and to diminish the wear and tear of the ani- TM.Ks OF Till.: ixi,ii,s. nu.I frame, wlucl. proceeds more or less every ,noment Wi..n .h beiT.es are roasted iukKt th,. "^oU. . ■> ''"'^- ^^^'«° ^^e reddish brown color ,. , ,■ . T '""" ^'^"^ ^"^^"'^ " very largely in h.IJ " d , ' '""""""^^ "' ""^^^*' '^^' ^^-^ y ffcjy ,u lH,IJ., developing an aroma of rich fragrance 1 he vah.e of i,s hoi inf n.i.,n umler th. rig. rs of • rl > . r lias heeii demoimfrnh-rl in +i ■ ^''^ ^'"'^^ ^' «^ -anti ■n.'t: r: i:'""'-'?''' "-* "■» '>-■" "tny. Having the appearance and size of n «nio]i i , ■■ip»» if ,«„„„« a. da* red 00.07 The T '''''^' ""' " " has a sweet I„,l vi„id / , . T \ y"""""* P»lp or flesh soft hiuis ;:':! ■^:; n "■; '?:'" *'-• '^-^ -* - • ^ ortee tarminer is condnpfor? ;., , ing orchards i. ««^^^"<^^^<^ 'n a way very similar to cultivat- "ife urcnaras m our own countrv n^u^ i --^»s„..,de,,..:ea,,;:;:2:::::;z:tt lit. WJien the thev awsiime a i^ht, and nraiu ragrauce. of Arctic cold •ctic explorers, 'eing the only 'edition stores; all aJjcoholio; its use. The 'a in Sumatra, s possessed by nd the leaves plant, whioli fi eighteen to and shining 1-3 in width, of the leaves, id the plant,* it the bloom ot last more rofusely that t is a fleshy ry, and as it »iilp or flesh :ofi?e. These ! se'jds are a re. to eultivat- a warm cli- prevent th'g I TM.Hs or Till-: i.\i)ii:s. •, wawv lodging at the root^. 'i^lic, plants for the future plantation flro either raised in nurseries or in seed bods so located as to receive tlie sun's i-ays during tho forenoon, and remain in comparative shade after midday. Care is taken that the soil of the bed and thfit of the proposed plantation is of equal f.>rtility. Taking Cey- lon or Brazil for examples, the number of acres retpiired are cleared by the use of tlie a\e and lire, and after the ground is properly cleansed and ]n-epared, boles about I wo feet s(piare are dng in parallel lines, at a distance of from six to eight feet apart, through- ont the estat". and advantage l)eing taken of the wet season, they are planted with young (M.iVee trees about twelve inehas high, care being taken to scdect plants that are perfect and of uniform size. It is also lU'cessary to all'ord ]>rotection from the buming rays of the sun. and in :^rexico l)anana plants are set out, placed at the centre of tlie triangular spaces. Being of rapid growth, they are a good ))rotcction, but difficult to extirpate when not longer needed, on account of which many prefer the wild fig or some plant inoro easily disjiosed of. In Brazil it is usual to plant a kind of t^ill coai'se \K'i\ called guando. wliieh sluules the ground effectually. Nothing is now required but to keep the land clean until the trees attain the height of about four feet and come t^ bearing. This, according to elevation, they generally do in about the third or fourth year. The. stem is then topped to prevent its higher growth, and to produce a large supply of lateral shoots. The cul- tivated tree is seldom alloA\cd to grow more than six or seven feet high, for c(mvenience of gathering tlie berries. The system of pruning is the same as with all fruit trees; the old wood being kejit down to induce fruit-bearing shoots, whose number must be proportioned to tlie strength of the tree. Tb(* whole success of the estate:' now dej>ends upon careful attention to details. Proper care of manure, cattle, buildings, and T?o on are iui necessary on a coffee plantation in Ceylon as on a fi'ood farm in TvTova Scotia. "' '/'.(/.AW OF Tllh: IXhll:\S. »'!,„„ roart, r,„. I,„„„,t.i„,, ,„, ,„^„, ., ^„^,„^^^^ ^^^|.^^ '"■ ""*■ "' '"""" '"" '-'"■l> N ,„.,. ,,„y. In A™l,i„, „,. ripo Utho, dn,„ .-eadil,. j,. «,„ We,l Indie, tl.c In-ie, „I picked by 11,0 „.«„,«, „„d in Vonezuol„, Col„n„,ia „,d Moxi™ . ,• s,,npIo, s™i.,.i,i|i.ed rndi„ns „t „,o ,„„„„Wn. „.,..„d to the >I.u.>,, and, br,ng,ng their f.„nilie.. all, oven elnldmi of tender age. engage in pieking eoffeo. In curing ,|,e eoffee the treatment 1;>"»-. W-fi'-t cleared of the ,h.sl, by pasdngthrongh a pnlp. he fle.h f om tl,e berry and leave the eoffee in it, second cover- g or parchment The oolfce is then exposed to a partial fermen. a on , ,e,„g p„ed for s 1 „, „ ,,,,,. ,,„„„ ,,,„,^ „^^ ^,_^ ft ot o, ,oo.en,ng the (U.,l,y parlielcs, which, by washing in a C.M rn .t r„„„,„g water, are dela^hed fron, the ber,,- It i rendered , .rfe„f,, ,,„ „, „„, ,„„^ „^ ,^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^.^^,^^^ ^^^J^ ::'''■■/:■■'• "■•""" "-le-iKor^in. The sbel'ed e„.e: ■t» I ng h w,th holes or regularly increasing dian,eter, or through f "' !"■"■"'•■'■ "-■ The variou. ,i.es, pe herrv Z' I; T:7 """ ^"'""' "'■" ""' '■■"*'-"• t'he differ t g d oie flee are spread on long tables, and native women pick 2 I- "M'"-!. discolored „r s„„r grains, leaving the grevish- blue beriy ,„ a fif state for mnrVet it, i ■ o™,vi»n- -- -;w.„,gs, mats, hir or^r:::r;:r^^^^^^ plove?'/°'"'t* '"? "°- °' "'""•"'■ "^""''^ "" """hods em. Poy a. In each conuto.. and even in diderent disiricts coffee P anters d.ffer in their ideas to some extent, and whilestne at -ry pr,m,t,ve methods and machinery, othe. have very best aJd I. lored by coolies Tn Arabia the ikitig thorn the the berries are >ia and Mexico flosppiul to the rlroii of tender the treatment ideas of the rongli a pulp- >rs, whicli tear second oover- artial fermen- 'I'his hdfi the washing in a berry. It ig ticially Ilea ted heavy rollers, shelled coffee 1 throughout '. or through aberry. flats, 'he different women pick the greyish- sorted it is ding to the fferent mar- lethods em- ricts, coffee i some have ry best and •/■.I /,/;.s- or Till-: i\ in !■:.■<. It iip-t(.-(latc iiiachiiii's iiiid liiii'>i nn-thuds and, lik<- our npph- grnw- er?. are on the lookout for evoiy iiuproveiiiciit. A tree in good lieariiig will yield from i 1-3 to 'i 1-2 pounds of cotfec berries per year, l)iit its fertility depends largely upon eoiiditious of climate, situation and soil. In Liberia, west coast of Africa, fine coffee is grown, and. it is s high as K; pounds at one gathering. (Jeiierally. trees [•lanted in lofty dry situalion>. iind in liuht soils, yield small Sketch of Schwartz's old Coffee Roasting Room on Brunswick Street, as it was about forty years ago. (From iiicmmy by the luitluir.i Kerries, which give a rich, aromatic coffee: while in htw. Hat. moist climates a more alunulant vield of large-size at an elevation of l.Odd to 1.000 feet- above sea level, in latitu.les lying between l/i degrees N'.. and 15 degrees S. allboiigii .!tcces>fully cultivated from ?5 detrrees N".. to TAi.i-s or Tin: /.\/j//,s. '-"■■• .1.-.- n... I„ll heneatl, 3.1 ,U,g,„,s l.-„l„. "^ a,,,. '""^ ';;;'';:"•; 'V"*'" '^ -"- •" '"■ ■■•""> -■<» a„d ,„„,,, „„. ; ", " "T"'- ' • "■■■ -"■». or „,„„„,,„, '■ -.1.'- >...■,„„. d,s<,,s,..-,„„ l,i,.|Ml,. plants aifhei,.. ,;::■;:;■: :"f^"^ »;•" »*■■"""-■■.. .-,«rti. „, eo. ^ P-p.r «, , """"'^'' "" '"""■'•'■' ^'-' -periencc and »1 ,. ;: """'."":"' """"""^ '" "■*" t,, people th.. , ..I, r,,„„ , "t ■ " ""°""°'' "'"' •"" *»ken *o 1-™,K . 1 V: "■' '>^" ■i""'-- «"<' *»uH know „he„ -av.. I., ',; -, '"' ;- "" -"""'- ""-'"P-^t Poople «.,« th„. , ""' "'■' T" ""^'^ '- .-»" at a i«. L in H, .„.;,,; ,:::„:;"" ' "■■■ '•"■- --'"^...'e ^^oe ^^e, INTUol,,VT,„NOPeom.:,,A.SABKVKRAOE. "^«- .\. !>., (about), its „se fi^t ^„„„„ ,','w ^ "■■ "■'■■'"'°"'""> '"to Arabia from Ab,s,i„i.. OM, A. n., Miiroducti,,,, i„t„ Co„rt«„ti„o|>le. 1600. A. I,.. (a],o.t), introduced into India. ^♦>''>. A. T).. introduction into Vemoo. I TA/.h's or riiK 1X1)1 i:s. i.f wliero tht' tempera- ii.y risks and jmicJi i> the attacks of a '"free or (lolundar '■< a .still iiH)ro for- lii' plants are heirs, •ro})erties of coffee iat experience and lers enclosed and coke fires are t in fuel; its cost and is now used und his business ry often, of hav- of coffee require listen to people 11^' their opinion •, who has taken ould know when )pnient. People rs at a loss, he- ;e coffee makes byssinia. )er5on to make l(j'J4, A. I)., iiit.rudiw.oil into Marseilleij. 1().")V?. A. 1).. iiiliiMJiucd into Kn^laiiH. and coffee house cstab- lislied. 10(1], A. I)., coffee house at Marseilles. l(i(j(l. A. I)., introduced into Paris. KiTo. A. I)., Ciiiirlo 11. iittenijits to suppress sale in coffee lioiisc.-. WM). A. I)., introduced into davii from Arabia. 1718. A. D.. cultivation estiiblislied in British Guiana. 1720, A. 1).. planted in Martinique. 1722, A. I)., introduced into (Cayenne. 1728, A. D.. introduced into West India Islands. IDS, \. 1)., introduced into Cuba, from San Domingo. 179(5. A. I)., introduced into Costa Rica. ISKi. .\. !).. Dr. Tx'cesne. expelled fn.m San Domingo, settles at Rio. 1,11(1 introduces proper iiu'iIkiiI^ oT (ultivation into Brazilian Empire. 1815, A. D., Ceylon annexed to British Crown. 1822, A. D., Celebes, first grown in that island. 1824, A. D., first cultivated in Ceylon, by Governor Sir E. Barnes. 1840. A. 1).. opening of first garden in India, at Mysore, for cultivation of cotTee. 1841, A. D., in Ceylon, colTce ta.ke> its jdace a.s an article of great commercial value to the Isle of "Spicy Breezes." 1841, A. D., first trade coffee mills established in Halifax, by the late W. H. Schwartz. The early histoiy of coffee as an economic product is involved in considerable obscurity, the absence of facts being compensated by fiction, .\ccording to statements contained in a manuscript belonging to the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, the use of coffee was known at a jK'riod so remote as 875 A. D. in a treatise published in loCO. by an Arab Slieikh, it is f} ■/••I /.AW or /■//,;■ ixi>i,.:^ I siH.iu, „-i..,:,, ,,",.'■':■""■'■""">■■'■>■ a i-™., I ■ ' ' ■l'll'"ln ,1,,, .\llVs< Mi.... (• , -:::t::;;;;!::::;:'rr:-'--"'^^ " ^ '■■"-;-" ■ '-'-■^1:::::::::: i -■ ;"■ ' ':,:;: ::;:::;:„ '"■ ■' -' "- *"% ''■'-""■■"I ..„„„,,,,„;„,,,'"'"■"'■■ '■■*'■ »-"! '■■' <<-""■■ I Z;J ;::::•"'''''■■'■'"''■ <-■'"'■ - "■'■■I'-l .;■ I„,„|. ,„-,l/ """'"'-'■ '»• ^' '-■ n„. I- lii '"■"">f''t from .\l)yssii, '' '''"'"ry. I,v a Ir^rtio.! ""' "^'' •'!• roir..,. ;,, „ '""■^ '■'•"'II t!i.' nin,t ,,,- '*>iii(.ss ail,! pivwiuiiio- " ^^'"l li,.|,l ''"''"''■'"•'' I'ruliil.iir.f "'"ii"-",i^"'lsi(iv.l|,.,u- '"I'liVi.'d („ i,, „„, ''''"■"" •Mfiiini,i,.ji,,m, " ""'i"niil ltovorn^e. '''•■' »i'li Ciiiiia. '"> "»■ 111- unrl.J, '' '■'■'"" ""• Mruvinre '•' ^''"^•Iia nr MnkI,;, '• '■'"• •■'"■'■- S,.,T,U| '^ ^^'1- ""I till the "'''■'• •■-i«il,|is|„,| i,i '■''•''I f'<»iisiW,.nih|,. ' P">I>iiI)irify „r ,|„. ■ ••"ItMldjIlUc jtf t?1(> '*"S (..veil,,] a„|o,|^. '^''>«>y liiid tiioir ''l\'>' tfl.V lip,, II (I,,. K'cr nti.f ovtomli'd. TALKS OF TIIK i.V/t/h's. '/■ I /.AS' lu- Tin: iShiKH. ,-, Alter a lapse of aiiotlnr liuiidiv,! year** ooffee reached Qre»t Britain, u wWkh^ hous,. linviiit; '"vn opfnod in London by a reek. I'a«iua Kosrtie. Jlcssie eanir from Sniyiim wiili Mr. D. IvUvnrds. a Turkey inoivhant. and in the capacity of servfiiii. he i.iv|.are(l oo|?oo daily %r Mr. Kdwards and his visiters. 8m popular did the new drink iWomo with Mr. tMuaids' friends that their visits occasioned him gmil ineonvnii,.,,.,., („ obviate which he directed Rnsi^ie to estab- flish a puldi.-.uir.... hulls,... uhi.h h.. accordingly did. The ori^nal •e.'.(ahli,hin..nt wan in St. Michael's Alley. (V,mhill. ovor the door |0f whi.-l, Ifossie erected a sign with his portrait, subsequently 'announcinrr himself to h,. -tho lir.s, wli., made and -old cnfTee drink in Kntflaiid." rt is remarkable that thr iiitrocac.. and quiet of the nation." 0,i the opinion of legal r.meers being ; .ken . as to the legality of the step, an oracular deliverance was give ' to ' the effect "that the retailing of cofTee might bo an innoceot ti..de, but a> it was used to nourish sedition, spread lies, and scanda ze great men. it might also be a common nuisance." I Macauloy in his "Histoiy of England." speaking of this : period, says: "The coffee house must not be dismissed with a cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not improperly called a most imix.rtant ,>olitical institution. No Parliament had sat for years. The municipal council of the city bad cased to speak the sense of the citizens. Public meetings". harangues, resolutions and the rest of the modern machinerv had /■v IS •/■-//.AX or Till-: ixi,i,.-s ^™ted itself. ""'"• "'""">" »' th" "'otropol '™^^ »«, adj ,:;::;:: : "T '"^'"■■'™ "■» ™-^ «'- »f "-■ ."no I,„ve l,..o„; , , ;""»"«"- -l.at the ,-„„r„ali,t, «'t».|>t Had l„.e„ , " ""'■'" "*"•<' "' »«= ---ta. Aa <...^ -offee.,,™: " ',::;':, ""■'^■'■'' "•""'■■■■-"'^™- *» e,„. «'■ .-o,, .„ „„o,, „ ''"' ' '■'--"'■-«' their ™,»1 place, "™t flid no, vc , i " "r,"" ""«'«' ""'"T Tl,e govern. "■'■iel, di.tin.„i4od ? ; :'" "' """ "" -ff^-l'ouse was that '"."« „.„, :„:";■" "™" ■" °'^- ""--^^ t'-t the ooffee- « .»n„o,.,„„ , ' ; :7- ="^ '"•■;' «-' *-' wished to find Street o,.Ch,„.er^^ *^.'^,-.u„ who.hor he Invd i„ Fleet 0- .1.0 „:■ ,; ? K :"; : :,'::"'■■"" "■^'-^'^^ "■» «-'- !!!„/"■"■ '''""^ '"" *'™'^- oovored with blaok or flaTen «W- llio »-,K came ]>„„, Paris, and so did the rest of the . Oman's fine „r„„,„en,s; his cn.broidcred co.t his frin d f and the tassel which npheld his pantaloo„r Th >'. ' '' "ke that of a port,,,,, r. sl„„. TrZ ''"' ™' that of riehlv . . / " '" ""y °"'« '"■■"' "lan that of nchly scented snnf „„s held in abomination. I„ „ne™l : otr™^ "*^' '"■* '"^"°'" ""' ' «""^— ". ana^nj: so™ nes expressed their snrprise that so many people should .trnoV";:: ;.;::";: '° t.'- "■' '"^** -^ ''™«' % ana th.t , , 77' ° "■" *''« a'"»Iting more constant than at Will's- that, eelebratea ho„se sitnatcd between Covent Oa,.en .nd B« I le modern iiews- liouses were the ' tho metropolis int daily to his Every coffee- 5 the crowd lig- the journalists he realm. An ation, to close ir usual places '. The govem- ?o strong and 'ty might well louse was that at the coffee- wished to find vi'd in Fleet d the Grecian very shade of ters. 5re fops con- ek or flaxen of the gent- nged gloves, osphere was T form than In general, and etrang- ople should lal fog and n at Will's; 1 and Bow y.i/.Aw or Till-: is dies. ,,, StroH. ua,s ,sKre.l to polite letters. Tliere the talk was about poetical ju..ti.H. and the unities of place a.i.l time. There were earls in stars and garters, clergymen in 0ivss.,cks and bands, i-ert Templar,., sheepish lads from \h(> universities. The great ',,r.-s was to get near the ..hair where J.>hn Dryden sat. In the win- ter that chair was always in tlie wannest nook bv the lire; in snmmer it stood in the balcony. "To bow to tlie Lauieate and to hear his opinions of 1?n- eme-s last tragedy or of Bossu's treatise on epic poetry w;t,s thou-ht » privilege. A pineh from his snuff-box was an honor sufTieient to turn the head of a young enthusiast. There were cotTee-houses Mhere thr first medical men might be consulted. Dr. John J?ad- clifl-e. who n^ the year 1685 rose t.. the largest ,.racti ;e in London, '•'""•■ 'bidy. at the hour when the Exchange was full, from bis house n. Bow Street, then a fashionable part of the capital, to ^arroway s. and was to be found. suiTounded by surgeons and apothecaries, at a particular table. There were "puritan coffee- houses, where no oath was heard, and where lank-haired men di«- o^^ssed election and reprobation through their noses; Jew coffee- houses, where dark-eyed money-changers from Venice and Amster- 'hun greeted each other, and Rontan Catlmlic coffee-houses where a< .ome good Protestants believed. Jesuits planned over their cupp another oTeat fire, and cast silver bullet* to shoot the King" ■ The foregoing are eotidensed extracts, but are sufTi..ient to show the Ingh i>la,ce coffee held in the estimation of our forefathers over two hundred years ago. Tf it were possible for any one of us to go ba.k.nto the reality of life at that period, and visit Squire's, ^earJos.thcGrecia), or any other of the many coffee-houses of the '"""'• """''• ^^■•" l"> amazed to fin.i that men then were much the same as now? Customs, costumes, and habit, of life may be some- what changed, but the fops and dandies frequent the club houses now. a. they did the coffee-houses then. "One would think » rentarks Sir Richard Steele, "these young virtuosos take a gav cap ■'" TALKS or Tin-: ixi)ii:s. a.cl slippers, with a scarf and parti-cloml gow„, to bo ensign, of dignity; for tl.e vain things appn.u.l, ...h other with an air which shows tliey regard one another for their ^es PnsKles over the rest, has, it seems subscribed to every opera t ns lasl winter, and is supposed to receive favors from one of I'- actresses." The business m.u .onld he .nueh the san,e, per- I'aps less merciful to a d,.l,n,„ent debtor, and. it mav be, more ->norable to his creditors: and it also seen.s to thJ writer he T "''' ""''■'■ '■'" '" ■^•"-- "-'■•' fl^— • more prn- donce, and acted more honorably, and with less of the savaoe in h.s disposition, towards his eou.petitors than the averag. M,Mness "'"^ ot to-day. He .generally met his customers face to face not ^y proxy. Sold his goods to make a profit, and did not cut pnces for the poor satisfaction of spoiling his competitors' sales. he hard working, genial, gentlemanly commercial travellers of Ola! who"","" !" "'""'' '" "'"""'^ '' «- nn-commercial 1; ? w en rhey find orders secured by some other traveller. d ; ;'"'^ '''''-' "" ""■ -^-- 1^--'" to cut their own P ces for the purpose of .naking the eus.omer feel as if the dre.,n„.^ "/"'""■ I'"- >u«,s«„v „-o„l,, ii,„l market, „r ,„,. t:Z T7 " T *""""" """■"" -""" """^'^ """" «int " «, "/"''■ "'"™ '■""*'" "■'* «- «-'■ -t-al paS: :i ,;;-;r:-^™='" ''"' *^ '-™- "™^»^ -^ feo n. ^'"^^^^^'yer^^^ere not more eager for their z:z:z T '" "": "^-^'^ '"'° *-""^''- -"'*»« - ? 'I and ba,] m„„ a,„„„j, t^j.„, j^^__ __^ _^^^ no d„„M. ondeav^uod .„ do ,„eir duly i„ .,„„„„„,; II, to he ensigns nf r with an air whicli iiouts. T have oh- Is from an opinion 10 strawljoiTv sash, bed to every opera u'ors from one of ifli tlie same, per- it may be, more to the writer he mness. more pru- of the savajre in ' averaofe '.lisiness i face to face, not and did not cut ompetitors' sales, ■of meeting with ial travellers of e nn-eommereial e other traveller, ;<) eut tlieir own feel as if the ad no idea that markets of un- 1 flourish nnder ould ci-oss with le great natural ! politicians who rage number of ■ eager for their and there were le coffee-house, in accordance TALES OF THE INDIES. ^i with the light they then had, duties of the most difficult charac- ter, and which require self-sacrifice, courage, patience, sympathy, ana love of humanity in a higher degree than seems necessai^ m any other profession. AVhen you have tlie "good man" and the "good doctor" combine.l in one i.erson, you have in that man an ideal visitor to the sick room. It is easy to imagine some gm.l doctor MaiLure of that or tbe present time, turning out of bed at midnight, and after driving tjirough a wild snow storm hy^ or ten miles, finds his service.s were not really needed. Or ^vo find him dealing with some character like "Hillocks" as des- cribed in the •■E.nuiie I'.riar Bus],-; and here again in some 'lieerless, tireless, old tumble down Iiouse, waiting upon some poverty stricken sick person, knowing full well that there is no money in it. An.l alas! visiting faithfully, people who eould but would not pay, except witli base ingratitude, the man who bas given them the hest he bad. Remember the doctor and the clergyman, and have a cup of good liot coffee for them when they arrive at your house after a long, eold drive. Among the doctors who probably visited the coffee-houses of his time, was Doctor Arbnthnot, a Scotchman; he was celebrated as a great wit, and \\as the author of "The History of John Bull," and it is said he was the first to apply this famous sobri- qiu?t to the linglish nation. He Mould be not a little surprised if be could see the map of the British Empire of to-day. Olergj-men were not all saints then; are not now. But the clergy of to-day are, as a class, more spiritually minded, and have a higher standard of religious life, than those who frequented the old coffee-houses in London. Upon the whole, however, the people who visited the Rainbow coffee-houses in 1090, were much like the people who visit or who telephone to Schwartz's Coffee Mills in 1899. That insurance is a good investment, whether a marine, fire or life policy, is not a matter for dispute; but that there should be ''■' TALES OF THE INDIES. any connection between co/fec and insn^ance, ma, net be so ea3,ly d.cernc , .„d ,et one fact i. as indispntable as the otber l^ej ....le,- of tbc .bdly ,,a„c,. ba. notice., in tbc .,„p,,„, H«s t , , vessels „,,, ,,.ported as being classed Al „t iZil •.*v.nl LIo,d .as ,b„ p,,.p,,et„.. of a coifec I,o„se in To,ver s ee ' -He eslabi, l,ed bnnsel, n, bnsiness about W8(i. In 1G91 or Iw, '„:::::;" ;° '"•■,':"■■■"■■■ "' ■*"■ ■'" '-'■ --i ^on,ba,d 1 1: 1::: :„ : ":;rstT' '"^'t "" '■"^^"""- -" Ad.Ii- „ ■ ■, " ''- *'"*■ "> *!«■ Tattler, and Joseph ™.»n.s;r ::;.*'■ ;-''''■'■ '7' ""-'"-'-.- and '-''11} da^s l)oloro the revolution, in Uu^ CUv n( V V , , xMHcd l„ snbsciptions of nnder«riter= --.cncd:: ;:::;;::;:";;,;';''■''-■'-"-- ".ice. ance bn.incss of .Vc„. y.,,, ' ""' ''°"' """ "'"" "" "«'- '■«.-'aMe co,ce i„se: Of t ;::r^ "''■'■''■•' "" ^" *' ^ iie>-o''br''r,'"" """" """" '™™°" °" °"'- ""'s'™""" to '»-■ .'I'.". ^.. < d ." d r-"V'°"',' '""' "■°»*"'"' - y«- «- *" «!''::; 'of":„t '"7"°" ,""'"' """ "-"""^ tbeiratte„ti.n ^^on.y out, .of tlieiv insurance transactions h may not be so table as the other, eil ill t,hu shipping 3 Al at Lloyd's, se in Tower street, ii's and merchants. Ill 1(591 01" 1692 I Loiiihard street. Jieadquarters of tier, and Joseph ffeo house as the the manners and ■orid the business >uses, and in the \'cn\- York, aljout loss from 1? to 1 if a cofTee housp snrancc to moi-- ■eater, Ainoi'ir-an tisnraiico olTice- time the insur- 011 ill the oom- igi nation to be- 'i-ifie like colTee sea yarns were srienees on old l\y the modern their attention business, and - -6 transactions TALKS or Tin-: ixdihs. than their IVIIows. wh,. niix,.! ■.y.vuhnum. .nd phantom ships .tones over the sfrono,.,. ,„p. Ai a„v n,,.. u. uili o„;,ranteo pro.- perity to ttio present day in.nrane. auvnl wl,,, c-onfin,.. hU li.fuid- ation to SchwartiT's coJl'ees. About ICH!) ibe (|uantity of ,ntr,.,. ..untuned in the Vnix^.l Kingdom was lUU tons a year. an,[ it wa~ .dd ,„ dru.^<.ists' ^linp>. It is stated that thr pri,-,. ^a^ ih.,, •?-. Sd. per ,v^und: subse.|uently the p,i,c. ,n.iM hav. bm, hi-hrr. a^ annth.r auth- ority states that j.reviun- ,., ih,. v.ar IT;;-.' diuv wa- .nll,.,red nil eoiree at rate of -s. pcT ,HU,nd: in thai year it u-a> r.dueed to Is. C.d. p,.r pound, yieldino- a icvemn. of lu.nno pounds per anniMu. '•^^^^•" '" "•'"" tli<' ">'l,v.,nn.,. nf c-,.ire.. M.pplv wa> Arabia. I'lit m th'U year Governor-tfeneral Van Jlnorn,.. of ,|„. Dutch who plied Canal at Amsterdam. East Indies, received a few cotfee seeds bv traders between the Arabian Gulf and Java. These seeds he planted in his garden at Batavia, where they grew and flourished so abundantly tliat th. culture, on an extend- pd seal l"t'«"' "..■-i'PH .n^,; '■7;,:: """■;■ "Y- '"'''"■^ '■■""''' duri,,, |,i, ,„,. '~ '""l"'"^- "I"' "■!"•" «"«• ran shoU little contradiction hoie l,„t i, i " ^' ™ W™- '" 1"= a con-cct. Governor Va, ' Hoi '" "'"''"'''' "■"' '«'"' «■■« uoitmoi \an Hoonic rece v ng tlie /irst nl,„(. f ----actt,,at,,,c,,r.i:rr:r:Lttr; T.\Li:s OF Tin: ixdiks. 1 as a present to • It was planted he yoiincr plants fe the cultivation liuit- wi'iv intni- lally the culture ! progeny of the e> more coffee irlfl. iihtaiiied a (reo 1 ' l-">- having sent 1'niit; and that m^O, where it '^t, Indies could lie coffi'e plant water ran slioit allowance with 1 value placed lilt in n?3 the in tlie French tl into Brazil, ilants of which Kananore. on ;he earthquake g the precious PI'oars to bo a that both are fc plants from ^oast of India lave sufficient *re the carth- waa not made p I c TALKH OF TIIH IX DIES. to the \«;tlicrlan(l.s imiil 1711-12, and it was not till after K21 that tho yearly exports reached any considerable amount, tends to confirm this statement, as in either case the plant-i would first come from Arabia. Fnlike iea. coffee was not introduced into India i)y Eurojjeau enterprise; and even to I lie present day, its cultivation is largely followed by tlii" natives. The Malabar Coast has always enjoyed a direct commerce with Arabia, and at an early date gave many converts to Tslaiii. One of tjie convert,*, Babu Hudan by name, is said to have gone on a pilgrimage to Mecca, and to have brought ))ack with him the coffee ben-y, which he planted on the hill range in Mysore still called after him. According to local tradition, this happened two hundred and fifty years ago, The shiiibs, thus sown, lived on, but the cultivation did not spread until the beginning of the present century. The State of Mysore and the Babu Budan range also wit- nessed the first opening of a coffee garden by an English planter in 1S40. The sucees.s ^)f this experiment led to the extension of coffee cultivation into neighbouring districts, and since 1860, has spread with great rapidity along the whole line of Western Ghats clearing away the primeval forest and opening a new era of prosperity to the laboring classes. Tt may not be amiss to write a few lines descriptive of two islands famous for their splendid coffees, but with very different histories and positions. The Island of Java is full of historic interest. The Peari of the Indian Archipelago, this island, is not the largest, being surpassed in this regard by Bonieo, Xew Guinea, Sumatra and Celebes; but, in every other respect, it is the most important of them all. It has passed through the most remarkable vicissitudes; has been the scene of the most event- ful occurrences, and possesses the noblest memorials of by-gone splendour. It supports a larger population than all the other islands of the Indian Ocean together. sn TALKS OF THE IKHiKS. '" """mil l„.,i,iiv it ,,v,|. n, "''""^t .i.iv ...untrv ..I „.,„..l .,' '!' "';"'""'''" l'i'.Ml,„.tio„< t|„„ ''' nVi. liHds ni,ik "ii-l. '■'|i'"l <'\t.'i,i ,,,„ 1, ''''"■ '^''""l i>- ^"N,.,,,,..! |»v ,1,,. |,„, , , »«'-:=:S?ii:^i,„ tfo In a Java Village. «'l'nmi.s(ration is carrier! o„),v II ' ' ^•'"^•^" " '"'•W'" |Nirt of ca.nerl o„ by tho native functionnricv. Of them <''o hiirhe^t i. ti, . 1^ •'/- '""'vt'iunctionnmv. Of tl ' - ' ■'" "'""■■'I " il" fi Iv |„ ciice out. iiijiiri- V. UnhU "'"' "' ■ i'lnliislrv of ''•' Mi''"liictiniis tliiin "■'' ."^"iiKr of w.'aitli ''•"'' III"' f" clniiii i\< i'>;j-ivjif,.s| l,ivfi,!;i, ''ii'""^'li nil oiricial '"ii'H'il. Tii,.iv are '(>. I'lidcr ill,. ,.,„,. '' '"''y'"' |>.irt of ini'uv^ Of them. It -of prf'oodoiice |>\v tJi(> Rosid(Mit.. 'i'>' Ik' iiiairi- 4 i TALE'S OF THE I \ DIES. «, tiiiii> tlic slati; and rctiiiiic of an iiidi'|)(!iidoiil prince, with 'dj the Oiicntiil t'tii|Mcttt' and niiifriiificonc:'. fit' rcccivr- a lar"-i' salary iVoni the Dutch <;-(.\fi'nMicnt. possesses, in vii'tiie uT hi- oll'ice. II landed e-tate. e\ereis(>- lar-i'e antiiorily, and i- Ireaird ujih I'ldl respect liv all l'",ni'i>|MMn olVicials. lint, iippointeil li\ tho ,un\(. 11(11 -oeiicral. lie. as iniicli as any dllier nlVicial. Imlds hi- nlVic(. liy the <;ocd will dl' the Diilcli li-ovciniiifiii. ami iii;iv li.' di-cliai-ii'ed I'oi' ijisuliordiiiatioii. 'I'lie euhivatinn of coll'ec ha- joiio' lieeii eiii'ried <<\] in tlie in- '•■'■•'■'1 "I' the hiitcli uoverniiiv . iindci' wliat i- kimw n a- the ■•(■iiltnrc sysleiii." \e\v i'e<,nilaiion- have nindilicd the -v-tein ■jomowliat. Aniono' otlior iniprovenients. the plantatinn- havo liecn reihic'd in -ize. eiialilini;- tlie lahcivr tn duell near In his work. \(i person ean he called upon to iilaiii a greater nuiiih(>r o[ ])laiii- i^ei- year than fifty; and the iicnph; cannot he ^•il'ed nnl I'm' field worlc en masse. Til' Dutch liave always heen inclined In paleiiiiili-iii ill thi'ir mode- of n,i\ eminent. anecrs in the realms of freedom, yet it is rather peculiar that the cciiti'al i;'ov( rnineni have always tried to reach out, even (,n the held cd' hattle. and fi;iht aceoidin-;- t(. rule.-. takin>r from their (ienerals that freedom s > necessary to success. So we find them e.xhiliitin.ii- the same traits of character in their ^ov- oriiment of Java: and as an eminent wi-itor ex])rossps. -The davan- es(. know- no freedom. Ilis whole existenct' is 'I'egiilationeih^ 1\' ho is iMiund to render 'culture-servici'." the adnuiustration shows liim to what do|>artment to apply himself, when and how he must plant. If lie is not hound to ''cul- ture-service,' hut lias the position of a so-called afiriculturist, the administration prescrihes the- time and method of sowing and planting his land. If he wishes to huild his hahitation outside his A Javanese Home. "''^^'-"•""■^ ''0 nu,st „so for the n>of ' '"'" '''''' ^^^ of ''''""'"'•'"- ''i- service, mv ,1 ', . " ""^ '*"'-^' ''^ *''^' f^ffeo -^'■^' n,. ,...,„,:: :: --'^ ". t,.. .ovem...... ^ut to '^""'•■■^ "'" .''.vnno.. perform "'" '""'"• '"" ""•"• "'' ^'-e . /'^'""■^'""•^"'■•^"vai.s.I.o,,, .i, ,, ,,. "•"'•''^-^- ' ''-i>lan.l o,^, J, ; 7 -tor «^""" '"-'i-, u,l.„,i,„„,. ,^„„.,;/; "; '^'"^>''hnmfolv for ifs '"•'""• »"^cl,s,.ovorodl,vnol„n,h,n name of the Ki„. of Spain on the 3r,l dny of Mav M0|' , ' " • i'"^ "ihahitaiifs ^r"";^'-'^''tl,.. rale of nearly all \'. # Javanese Dance. """'•c tribe, ,rt„ 1,^,^ ^^^ '"•°"SM under SpanisI, rulo '"PPy li.oi,. f„„. „„d f™„oo; «"""""-"» -- „„ ,' f '"^''f'-°- ■'-- a«e. «,e ""'■»»« is usuallv hillv „, „ 7. '" ^" ""''=* i" l-readll,. The "'•""■■' - - -'on: :'::;:;;: ^ -- ---^-s .e,:: 'ome p„i„„ ,„ ,b„,.^ ,_^^^ feet t " '"' '° "•^'"' "'- '>■ »f'; "<"..*„, to „,„„„„„ .,„,;, J;;;" "S^t variety of e,i„,. ■^ "" ^'"■'■'' ">■« forest trees tit I I I ff''<^l..i(M.s a dwelling, "■ '''•" ^vliat sort of ''^f "'il.V on tho coffee « ^'overnineiit, but to ►flfls anrl bri(|;Tos ,.p. I"", iiiv soil),, of tlie '0"f'i •>(• ilw o,,„ator "'"'"•hmafolv for its ^■'^'•^'l i'v Ooh.mhns, ^■^sioM tnJcon in f|,o *e Kin- of S,,„i„. ^ f^'^.y of Afay. J 10 1. it St. Japrn. bni it f>.y its Indian nanm ■'•'• ■'"'<■ Isl,. „f ''''"> i'l'iabitaiits ' f"le of nearly all ?s who have been der Spanisli rule. • fate bad France, • T''ngland been le .years after the captured the is- •acticaJIy extinct, n 'ii-eadth. The Mountains (cele- to west, rise at variety of dim- Is of 114 riyej.g sea. The veo"e- forest trees fit V'-IAA's' OF /7/A' /\/>/hS. u {nv fv-rv |.ur|)<.s... Anion- iIicm. aiv ||„. haluta. p-m^woo.!, satin- -wood. Mia.i')^rany. liKiuini \itac. lanct'Woo. lo.. niiiiH.iniis to mention. For nearlv ^ixt.v ^ .vear^ ue have l,een Mippjied liuin .laniaiea with colTee ..f file he.«t I quality, u liich lia- l,ee(Miie ... popular as Scliwaitz's rolTees. As we have ahcady staled, up to tlie y^ar ICOO, Southern Arabia wa> the mily eountry producing eollVe for export; and now -, after '^01) years (d' steady progress, it will be interesting to glance ill -oiiie statistics and compare the past with the pmsent. First, w.. find there are over thirty countries i)roducing colToe, junr.. or less for export, the principal of which are: The countries ^ in which the colVee tree is indigenous— Abyssinia, Kongo Free I Stiite. Liberia and oilier ,Kirt> of Africa: 2. it is tho chief product I of JJrazil, Colombia. Costa Kica, (Jautemala and Venezuela; 3. ,t, is I tliird on the li>t of the chief pnxlucts of Cuba. I'orto Ifi..., and the I ^^ost Indies; I, it is one of the most imiK.rtant products of Java, I and the Dutch Fast Indies. Fcuador. Dutch and British Guiana, , Hnyti. Ceylon (tea has taken the place of coffee here as a chief l"''"l"'tb Mysor.. in southern India. Madagascar. Mexiw. Nicai-a- «'"«., Paraguay. I'eru. Fhilippine Islands. Salvador. San Domingo ^ the Transvaal, Hawaii ,u.d Turkey, of which countn- it is second I on the list of exports. It is wonderful when you think of it, how tho single plant, I sont from Java to A mo1or, sha|)e. size, strength, Havor and aroma. 5* TALEii OF THE I X DIES. 't .sciMiisa litd,. stnin.r,. ,l,a, ,1,,. „ , '""■'^'- -■" I'mV.. tlraa tl.ey havo l.oon ^fay .,th. ,«,,__,,,„ ^^^.^._ ,^. _^ '"■'"''• "'"' ^''--t 1.. t,. ,, ,,„,^ ^^„, ;;'';■'■ ^';''^ -^^-s, attostm, t.. ti,.. '"-'' \a'"<' phifof] upon fi„. . • J ,, ''; •""^•■'- -''• - J-Po. pardon ",": '^'^■'•'^-'O". ''i.t this .-ill al.. ov plum win- Sclni-iHv'. i ■ ""^'- ■■«'""■ " ,..li,v. .«U „Vho„ ''■™™''"''"'"''°»' To r,.s„,„,. ||,„ ,, ■ :""-"' ""'"1 "1 IrayinK. .1898 Avas 4,301,000 hn.^. ,„. „, . ^ ^ ^' ^^^'' *« '^""0 30th, ■ ^"' the s aiinv six 1: Tlie at. tv w. TALES OF Tfll'J INDIKS. .iS "cs winch produce th'.^ h;.1(;1.(h»(I l)iifi>— h loliil of lo.lc-.'.ooo l,ji<:s. At a low avorap' of I'lii itios tliov (lid years i:{i | uiiuls per bag, this would mean I, ;iS(i. ItSl.ood pounds rc- ^rivd at tiie-^t- two Hraziliiiii ports. In lSi)T J^razil furiiislied ^0 jK'f cent, of the total deliveries of the I'lii'.ed Stales and JMirope. I*ai'a<:ua_v .siiould rajik high as a coil'ee [iroducinu- counti'v. Iiut jiio>t of tile natives wei'e hoi'n on a sti-ike. and lia\e kept it up ever -ince. They helieve it. niav lie alrijfht to woi'k on ^londay and perhaps jiait (d' Tue-dav. 'i'liey have the lahor (piotion down fine .and no nnstake. and iielicvc in one dav for woi'k and >i\ for rcsj. >2,4.-.4 'bacr,, now onlv '■' •'^'"'•;'>^.'n-. etc.. uhen Sr..'542 hags, at present -■'• This prohaldy ac Ait'iieral are somewhat tlwn tliov have been. the best kind is enst- 'wk at this date— "—from twenty 1m !'■''■ I'oiind more than '" ^" l''i fonts ,.e,- "'^' I'^'^^t grades of '''' attesting to tile ' "l">n the o-en„in,> '• "■<' hope, psirdon t this will als:> e.Y- ■'z's have to ask a ''""'"«' dava Coffc,. '^•^'•^ ask for what I <^1k' roasting. The ^ 'i"t tho genuine '«'^^'V('d. and allow i.ving. ^'piitral America tion ha.s decreased however, the in- tiipendoiis. Ven- t.800,000 pounds. '<". to Juno 30th, the same period I I Arabs Threshing. "riiereforc it ia not likely that this country will ever be a leader in anything except fewer hours for lahor. While the increase in production hais been ])rodigious. the in- crease in consujnpti'on has been equally remarkable. The mean annual con.sunii)tion for three decades ending 1890 was: isro, six billion bags; 1880, ten billion bags; 1890, eleven billion bags. The general consum]5tion of Europe and the I'nited States is put at twelve billion bags, which at the low figure of 133 pounds per hag, would be 1,584,000,000,000 pounds of coffee. The sales of coffee in the United States in 1897 were 059.068.000 pounds. TALEfi OF THE ixuij,;^ Boforo closin.r 11,1. ,.),.,,„ : ^ '-""M>.:;::,:;::'r-''-'™'n™,». «'■""■'"->■-. T ,„„,,, „,■■■""'■'" ^'"™ *"'"' »A"' ". i. „™,,,;; ,;,;;; ,'"■'""■■ -i' ?-»..■,■,,„,, i, .™>"- .■,lt,.,„i„„ ,,„. |,,||,„ ■ '*" "1 ''«i. We commend to «'y. l,o„-,Mo,- .|,.„ „.,. I ; ■ "" """"'"■' <-""■"": ''i'-l let ,H - .:;:: x;:r::"r '■:'''" °^'-™'«^^«"»™. '"""•'"".vsli'l". The,„.,i„ !■ ■ :.' ■°'"''"^S'''''"™i,iototlio '■- ''''f-V™.. ». C'^^^ i^^^^^^^^^ ■>' « to ,.,00 .„„ ''-^^ ''- -v.lu-ivoiv .,.''"''"''''■'■"'■'*''«- h»'.i( or ci"»„ „,„, :„ „;, , ''■ "■■; ""'-' "=■•« with „,„ ,,.„oe,;, ;■" '— NoJ::,r ^vnir';™"^^-'""'""" '"« ""■'■" i« m, ,l„„|,t „t „,„ ,.. "- ^'"" "f "'°"»"<1» " novorllio. '» ovfliisn,., \„„. „, , , . '"' ■""■-■ " ■' ''«"» "■lioro its use »lt-"i"t>. „„t o„|,. ,, , r T7 ,"" '"■''"■'■ "'"*■ """''''• '^ ""^ ''"^l »"•' ■'ir.'n/m,' fi»v„,- „v I,, 1 "■ " "^ "' "'P^or '""' '"■'■" l"'il"l in .•. «t ,ro , '""' "■'"' "'f™ "W'-l' «■» m„,e,„,™„ „;; :, :7'"-': ":f '"■■ ^'-l'-^" -«. »ml ea„ -->d «-« (0 tl,o , I. , ; ""T"'"" ■"'■^'"^ '»«*' "«l 00,,,- »" M"-^ ,.oi„t m,; t: :';™ " '^°"'"'"'- ^="' °f kn„.v,od,e f'^ ^^ -«- We H.oi:e'r:,::;^i,.:::v;r'>'^. '^""" to convct sucJi i,n error T^nf], f ^ 'mention of this, m ord^r ■'"^^ "^I-ially kept that " ^'""'^ ^'"^^' ^^ ^^^^^ ' ept fo. that purpose; and g,.eers should be carefu.l :1I tn w J Sll 1)0 ll. a- old 'AW. ated, we may state tJia/ SO to about three hun- -0 2J0 pounds i,er ba^- house deliveries in tlu'. msterdam, Rotterdau,. certain extent are the •"^ay that wei-e j)roper or llie table, i, ,,o„,,| wa^e in X.na Sctia ihiich greater eare is "• "^^^0 commend to ■;■ eoiree: Fiy^f ],.| „, -JJ'l'areiiilv io-n„j'ant 'o 3iot seen, t'. knou- of great value to the I'ook is to place this ■ 'f' (bai the habit of ' evening ])eveiag(>. 3 with the respected Llifax, declai'ed that ouaiKls '* neverthe- loing M'here it^ use It coffee is the best "•*<^ of its superior ^vith cofFee wliieh 'Pi"ff tea, and can 3 shonld not com- 'ant of knowledge ne people declare of this, in order uld be cooked la should be carefu! TALES OF THE JX/J/E.^. ./.; not to wrap tea and c-offeo up in tlie same pai-eel or box. as rlie flavor of the one is ruined Ijy that of the other. We have much ])leasure in placin-;' liefore our readers tlie following simple rules: To make pure coffee, us^' ww j.ai't nf I cntfee to seven parts of water, i. e.. to one oup even full of dry : gi'ound coffee use seven cups of water, or. one ounce of pure eoifee to one imperial j.int of water. If to., strong, use a litth' more water. Cse eolfe'C ground as fine as ordinary gramdated ce Of pt„., peo;, t™r:r::f"°" '^ ■"'■''' "^■''^-- a» are n,emio„c- »""l.l i.. mi, ,„l,...- li, ■ |„„i„„„. V ,„ .1 • '77'7- ."'■■"• '■ ""■■■' ■-" ..■n„i„„ „„K. „,„,„ ».W - iH.,„« ,,„„.. „,„1 „l-,, ,„„,. „l,il,. ,.,„„|„„„„,.,„m,„ l,„„, '■"fe« have ,. MUR.I, ri.-lKT. li,,,.. M,„,„. „„, „,,„„„ ' irom-st g,-„„.,s .ill „,| ,. ,,„„ ^„,^ ,- .o„ee„,* r,,,. ,^ V.,,, ,,,,,,1,, ,_,,,,,,,,,,,,,,_ ; ;",■'"'"" -■■"■" --'AVA.-.I,,,. „,„„,„ ,„.,j ""■'* '--'I"- 0.-.ilvn„|„,,v,.„,. , „,„,„„,„..„. II. .^.'invAitT. . .s„x.s- j..„,.| ,..„ Bi.,.:xi!. ,,.^^• ^ ,,;,;:;',„"; """,,"""'"■"■;""' -"■■■ '■ ' -.-.."■.v i„ „„„:,;,. ""'''"• '■'''«'-^- ""'I ■■'■^ .- iivi,i...i i,,,.. ,.,.,„i,.s ,„.„„.,,„„. ,:, quality: !• ^'ild ,.,in...s. inclndino. .,„va. Jainai.-a. Alo,-],,. etc etc. Inse eoffe,.s a.e all very niild. and tlu. InM grades are romarkald; :'■ "'"'■ '•"•''• ''"'■ ""-'^ ^'"'1 -••>'-' and splendid drinking qual- '""• ""^ ■^'■" '" ""■ '-•'-■^ •"• •!- wnrld a, frun, twice to Ave '""•■^ the priee of the rank kinds. '^ Jiank or strong coffees, such as Jfio. an.l Santos, and M.n,.. ''I ilH" other South American coffees, which have a strong, rank 1 avor. sometimes sour and very unpleasant. They als„ have a t-n- ;f"'>;-y U> indu,.e l.iUuusness. nerv.,nsne». dis„r.l..re,l stnniaeh I'ldigestion, etc., etc. ''-'lougli has ireen written to give an intelligent idea of ti>e nse and progress of this popular article of commerce. Our own name has been connected with the cotfee trade for nearly sixty vc'ars. the late W. H. Schwartz kaving estaldislu-d himself 'in the c^oflec business in 1841. in the city of Halifax, where we have con- tinued to i.)ast and grind ..oIlV.. during thi. Ion;, period without mierruptioii. :ss TALKS OF rut: IS DIES. CHAPTER II. Spices ^vill be tl>o subject of this chapter: and I hope mv read - have f,.., ,b. fi,,t part of this little book of suffici nt t est 10 induce a perusal of the second. There is something very suggestive about tin- word '-spices-' hen mentioned .e have visions of Christmas joys and gla e . ^ bnght^io^nes, de..rated with holl, and misletoe; of lo^' ": Zfr t.r^" ''^^'' '' ''' ''''' '' ''' '^^' j'cicnance their chtthino- covei-Prl uiti-, -c^ir J.1 , '^ tu\uea \Mtii tallino- snow ae if i^i.if4. ilHs. %4 ■ » A7 and I hope mj- read- of suflFlcient interest ( tlie word ''spices.'' s joys and gladness; letoe; of loving par- iisk of the evening, r snow, as it drifts ender with kindly good things. Of itli expectation or TA/.hSOF TItK l\hlt:s. if h'S. TALKS •• TJIK IMtlKS. \, \ () III 111 llil an I'll iiii l\v loi till Ca s\v IS lia T.i/.i:s OF 7//;; /.v/'/zx ,;.? ri'iiJization: m- f\cliiiii;:iiiji- ^Hiiiic"> full of iii\«ti'rv. n- tlit'v hide iHvay some sur|tri. iir. I'm- piipii jiinl lu.iiniiiu nii the morrow. | ii> at dauii ni' day. nf ilicir shouts of joy, Mamma. Mammal OliI papa, papal -O-o .(-.>. Saii-ua. Man- ual Saii-ta Chuisc did liriii^- a ti-cci (>li. mammal Im.k what San- ta's hrought me. Oh myl Oh papal di) ku)k. papa. a( wliat's in my stockino^! Of <.Mnis and tn.itinn- |ii(i'n>. rattliiiL;- drnms and .-iirpris- iiiLi' iini-o. Oil wnndcifidl wiimlci full air Chfistmas joys. Or perhaps we piciuic tn nuix'lvc- the family sod of pk^isant rnem- my. Tin' lon^- taldc. laden with ^ood things, and snrrnumh'd wirii liappy faces; graiulfathor at tlic liea(i. grandnmtliei' sitting opposite, and. while he carves the turkey and at the same time eiacks liis little joke, slie sees that eacli one got.s a douhle portion, smiling away .11 })iv>tests as to ipiantity. In due time with much ceremony, the "crowning joy" is [)laced up(m the I'e-tiv.' Ii< ard^lhe IMum- puddiiig. "When >m;dl. but mirtli-con:pe|liiig jok ■- Are heard from every mxdv and cnnicr. When on the hoaid plmn-pudding sm ike- Attended hy the pie i)i llorner." '"Heeds, not words." is the motto for this occasion, as Tlermie and Ilughie fall into lino for the attack, and Willie".- hrown eyes twinkle as he alfirnis "The more the merrier."" And little Marjorie could claim to have "two strings to her how," ha^-ing made a grab for the pie in addition to the pudding. Then wo imagine we hear the compliments to grandma on the grand success the pudding is. Carl says. Oh, my! Donald whispers; My, ain't it nice! and auntie's sweet low voice is heard, "perfect flavor! its splendid. Grandma, whose spices do you use?"' And the smiling reply is, '-The name is a little hard to pronounce, but it is spelt this way, S-c-h-w-a-r-t-z. I always ask for 'Peerless" and see that the other name is on the package."' An.d mamma chimes in, ''Oh, yes! we always ask for ■iS 'llfll llilll r.\/./,\- Of '/•/,/,' /y /)//■:. !'■ Inn; [ | IfV ;||V III,, I Wlll^' M'ttl I •>! ••'I Unit •|I|(V« I, I/IC '|l"'Ml.i|| lu illr sit -I." A MIIIIICI' |||'ii^r,.>,..,_ , l-lfll-tin|| nf ,||| •'■ ■-"■""tlv-iiit.T,..! til '■ Inn 'n\ llill"llfll (■ l"''"'''lt; illl<| ;l,- "1(1 |, '^"IK'il M-itll til •' "sweet "11- '"•" ''i-i",^ lV"iii tl... (al.I. '"I ilii' |iii(l- I •W) i< II Ai iM-iii- «|ial| W IW ;i- I'.V l;lV"f ,_r, "!' viMith rcdri '■ "•■'•I'liv it ,„||v (• ,1,^ Ami |nv,.| I" lllisIcK ll'll I y ""iiiiiii >t(iu|i> ( "'I illHl Vdlliio- '"' .-''IliTiltMil-- ill •• Imllv. Ill' Willi "I'l lili(|(llci|;;(.(|. Cllllllllillnl,. Ai '"'■''• "■'■•''''■'I. Iiv-l, ..„-llu,,|. M "I. Iil>l !|l '■I'l'.v:- uii,.|| Kl l"il-l. I M vvvy? Av. "11 iii-"iiii(l i> h,.jy.|| K' lllllllV s ill "^'""■'•'".i^ '""l.'f Im'i,,. aii.U "^'"''"' i'it..r.s|. nuul ""■ "111- imno'ii,;,. l,|,i■ |iiniiic'. tl nmlivil ,|v(. '''^> I'K-li a slia.l "III Kii.ylish f, <»r. "'''■"11*'^ "!• Avii prix, I', so u.,.t..,„ ,, ^,j^^^ lii'ifs lu'vci- trofl." ''•''■'"l|'>-"-.'s|,„||;,|, ^•^1110 straiin-c. ,,| 111;- the (liisiv 1 mend larai-t.T-; I,,., leant- t' a tn •'.!^li"ay..nnd moot with wav-sid and ilicic ;| i|.,i-fv I' J i,!noni; wit) •' ii'i'l"!' .-1 (iv... til 1 'lands, -I;,,,,,,,! i„ ,1 '■ >t"ii(' ill V tl nm-o (,r 10 I'' act nf jidoi-iil "' I'li.iiniiis ;ind rol '■'■'".- .i'i,i^>rlors, and 1, II ^•■iponf. and stand '""'"'ii''k-skiiinod.^n,r..rul I ' incr ca til, to nu qil I- Hi "'•"■ All,! 11,,. |„i,|. "" l"''-''n(: jiM,| ,is ■'I "'th t,|,o 'v„,oet ".- I'''v. II CDU . v\ ith -.linuldcis. a niirhniil ..f llducr- 11 l-lll'loll* lllllll|i MM luM' li'nit licr IK and Ml.lr-.,|M.1I ,.y..> ii|M,|, ,1 nn,„|, ,,f ||i,„|,|,, „.|,,, ,,,,,, ,,]| , iM'furc her ill ih,. |||,„i [■ever,. Ill j;a,ziii,i: with )n\viiiif (loun ilu'ir (ttr illitiiili's 111' uorstiip, and iicLc))fi oriii;.^^ nl li,,u,.|s mid Troll ./r lioiv we pass a \ci-\ H 1 iiijiii iml .,.,|; idi'ovi' liis liciid, hi'M ii I.--, willi diit> jriiivity. And lie stand- with ann- extended 1 tile -illiH |i(isiti(iii XI loiij: a time, that tli ov iiiVf bccohic i)«sili(.d. iiii lio seems j(i Siiy: •'Here am I. i; d th(. nail- hii\i' er,,\vn maiiv inches 1 Miiir !-)> ll\e me A I nl there ^roes ii uninati "" "11 r ima;.n'na- ^'i: and wander ■^"",1^ and sfory. li'iK' and heauti- "liifli tnoander niitfn] valleys. and meet with and reliirioi)>; ■^. and l.y tlie 'Tid standin/T i'i"d. .li-raeeriil Worshipping a Cow. •cam-iiiu- n plattef. on which is n hrass ,np lull of water, three or four gay Ih.wers. nnd n few trains ,,1' ri,r: her morninfr otferin^r f,, the e.,,!, Mahadeo ,iii,! (iuncsh. And who. wliile very careful not tn sliow her face, does not Miish to appear out in very scanty dross indeed. And further ,n is n snal..,.,„.. a., lu.v an. „„fnM,..lt,.o,nMw. Thero^.o ;;"""':"\~'"""""^-' •"'•-<-• -i'-m. ...,....,.- Li,. <„. ;■"■'""'"■: ""^^- '"• ^''-■•■'' '"■'■ -'1 fall intu tlu. stream: an.i a< "v ,ov.„ 1, „,„,„,.„. „„. ,,^,^,,^^^.^^_^_ ^^.^^ ^^^^^^_ ^ -^ slK.utm.ir i.Im.d that -(.vrfv l,.,ir tin, , v i .j^^^V7^;^®jf!:*;J A eujerat Village Cart. "'■""' ""■"'"■ ■"'"•"^ '■■ "-■■!>-■ iH.w ,; ., „„,,,,,„,„■■ '■■■'''""- '"I" ' "'I'"-.. .If, Co™; ,::'■;;■ ■"■° '"":' ""'*■ -^"■' "■= »■- 1" «■" .-..i'miv o.. o,„. "1""'"' ">• -\ l'"''l'H.t,nax,.ofo.ild,,lor,.„l- -Ss.,... TALKS OF TUH JX/UhS. V horses, caiiu'l^^ '>( continue, ()(](1- Si^>', pal)in(')iiiiis iiT Mild thither, tver tlie Avay I gorgeoii>Iy- lowers: heal- to sootli the push on past ■eat niimlieis ])idly on our rilded or (1)1- TALKS or THK IXDIKS. ,p ored cupolas, minai'ets, pinnacles and towers rise above the square roofs and glitter in the sunlight; and here we see a wonderful spect- acle, for we stand on the hanks of the most sacred river, and gaze upon the most holy city of India. The terraced river banks are crowded with people in gay holiday garb, for this day is observed in honor of the god of commerce; and procession after procession wend their way from two hundred temjjles. and witli slow and measured tread passi thimigh the reverent crowds down to the waters edge, each bearing within velvet palanciuins, which richly embroidered canopies surmount, an effigy of the god. glittering with gilded and tinsel ornaments, surrounded by hosts of white-robed priests and musicians, preceded by an advance guard of female attendants richly attired, who perform a slow dance, waving to and fro their ( 'lored scarfs. The river is covered with boats of various depic lid gaily decorated with flags; and vessels, many of them Hi - kaiing houses or pagodas, iiaving tall masts with square sails and bright banners, and filled with richly attired people, glide along, or are propelled by dark skinned oarsmen. The Brahmins and girl-widows now embark with their idols, in long skiffs, the prows of which rise sheer out of the water, with birds or quadrupeds for a figurehead, amid the shouts of the people and the clang of musical instruments. And now as the sun sets in glorious splendor, bathing the river and eity in a flood of golden light, the boats lie to. and the idols are with due solemnity cast into the sacred waters. And as the evening shadows deepen, the (piays blaze out witli many-colored radiance, and coruscating fireworks ascend in every direction. Continuing on our journey, sometimes through rice, indigo cotton or opium fields, we see farmers busily engaged. Some with the aid of elephants and large ploughs, are preparing the soil for sugar cane; the driver seated on the back of the big. good-natured animal, seems to direct operations, while the two men at the hand- r TALES or THE INDIES. Ir 'Z "': ."'""f '" '"•°^"- '"'^'"™- ^'^ "- l«s „,n„ber, of >ag«l.,. ,Hl te,„„les, dedicated to and occupied by i„,„ges of .od, nd goddesae, „,ade of ,vood or stone, and „„. „? ft..; ■ f antnd w"" "™™"™' """ *'™"''^- "-"' '"•» ^-* nnle. the tree,, reJre.* ourselves with some fr„it, perhaps g-,pes! Temple Sacred ,„ ,he Worship „, M„„ke,s. t'eachcs, cherries, ,„inces or pears. And while we rest we obserre a grea ,„any people worshipping at their favorite shrine and " mg belore .he idol their offerings of rice, flour, butter. \7^7^ ».lk, OU, salt and spices. The priest, close the ten,p le dC t' ;- nrus,e, and the idols, we suppose, are disposin/: t .old .^ow mounting an elephant we pwceed on our wav and ™« % ancen. temples, mos^uea. a.d ntansoleums of l^Sc^t pT TALi:s or Till-: 'xdihs. ■;/ poi'tions^, rich in beautiful ciirvin^-, <^()1(1, precious stones, and >;or- geous toloriiii.'-. Wo travel long distances, see every variety of men, costumes and customs, stop to admire a sjdendid palace, enclosed by a wall of red granite forty feet in height, and gaze in wondering surprise upon its slender, gracefid pinnacles, and elegant minarets, pavillions of white marble, surmounted by cupolas, with the pillars and arches exquisitely carved and omanu-uted with arabesques, gilt and inlaid, having the ceilings adorned with a rich foliage of silver. Thence passing on tiirough various scenes: and now, beholdl a ::T:.z::'T"'"": "-' ■ ' .• -i.-viv „„ .;,,!;■ "'" "'■ '""'«**■ A. « dni""'!.!-!;,,,,.!,,,,,,,,, ,,„,■'";"" '"■ " '""'^J- f'l'Iian, ami ""■«.>■■ "„ „ ,.i,.,.,. I t „,,. ,,'; "' "■ ■■''""■'' "'"' t"l-« ■ l.r,,,tl, <""-' "ill, ll„. I,,,,,. ,,„„„„ ,.,.„„.,"'""" '"""■" >"«l'"« eiothe.,: tl,e "'-■'' 1* Lend a,„l l„,„„ 'V"""""-' '"^' »■•"• "loH- hi,,h -^'i- U,„, ™„;, :,':;"""; "' " ^""»* °» his toes, i„' "'•"^<' rlicm 7-iso a ,|,„„ ,„ , , M I'upetiious stream, "'•■ '"-"^ .n„ ki, ::;:"''- "' "™p'- '"."■>ho,. with ;-«— ■"-!!■:; :;:7:rr*''^ Iwisos aro „Parlv all „ni„,l,„, ,, ' '""'* ctj. The ™™.".n„o,i with eo,„,.«, h„„;;.;r"";;; :'"';'. '•".'•''*■- »"" "'•*, Houses ami palacos „f „,,„,.h ,,,„,,., / "'• «'" Wive attire. ""- -' "rin...,,,,,,.. T :.:'*;" "^ ^«'°'"'<'" »■■■"• >-- ■«) sl™.ge fean„vs „,„, „„,, , ,"';' '"■"'"■""' '""' P'^l'le «i (to Of onVan,. .^t.,m. „ j^ ' """" - »" ««' .n»«ni,ioe„ee '-t™o „f Ad .T„i„i ' ' T' "'■" """"■' '" ""■ »''-™t scene, „f „,„,„,,„ ; ""•.""""""" "'» "-'<■" "- -nidrt -i"".n,a,.chi„,a„;- ■.,';!? T"""^'^ "^ -"3-»' -- '""' l'"f™>»tes. A o.a,.; ; ! *'■"'"''""'' P"*'"'"*-' to prince, ""'■ '-■"«„.,, . , ;"--'^"- ™^^'-^- '-<"«'. and , lend- "'I |i.i.-t l)\ rovfi sservanu 7<^i i • 'ti\ant^. Klepliants covered 'It u|«)j, a scene- race, wp cannot ■ '"v<' whU-h no' "<^ ck,s. As we 'ndiaii, and CCS oiir lu-oalli JV clothes; tlie ; clotJies high :iud of wash- 'iiiff alurhan,. u his toes, in him into the city, (freat ions stream, )<^other with ''"«■ foIica<^e. e above the city. The pictnresqne ■ aiirl idols^ ■^ive attire, ^vith ban- r>|)le of (to ignificence lie ancient :>n amidst ■oyal pro- to princes d £, 'end- « covered TALES OF THE INJJlES. .-^ With embix,idered housings ^ui bearing richly decorated and canopied howdahs; gaily caparisoned horses and dromedaries, aU mounted by riders, wearing splendid costumes; and according to rank and wealth of the wearei-s, covered with jewels and precious stones, which are flashing and sparkling in the bright sunlight HCcom,>anied by troops of footmen in brilliant array. Behind stalks a magnifieent elephant, covered with housings of great beauty, and carrying, the bearer of the royal standard-a flag of cloth of .old waving from a staff forty feet in length. He is surrounded by' An Oriental Bazaar. picked horsemen, whose duty it is to protect the standard. They are richly attired in crimson velvet, and armed with long lances aiK cun-ed sabres; and as they pa.s, the air resounds with shouts and songs and instnimental music. ■ Leaving this city we travel south by various modes of convey- ance sometimes by dhoolees, having twelve bearers, at other times by the mail carts, then again by camels, horses or elephants, we T'ass through many great cities and provinces. I ill o4 T.i/J'.s OF 77/ A' ;;.'/>//v.v. li I III And u,nv, nft,..,- u ^n■y long journey, w," are losing through -I mvaneore nnd MalaF.ar. I te,v we gee our {^n'uing ,n al.un.lnn..... lor tin. is the place of ii. nativity, although It ms spread to and now is a. product of Java, Sumatra, Cevlon and other Asiatic o..untrieH. mack I'epper is the dried fruit of Piper i^rnm. 1... ,,s a perennial cli,nl)ing shrub, and when cultivated '""l"n-os a prop. Wo n«k the farmer to show us through his field or "rchaul and learn iJiat in MaW.ar each vine is carefully planted hc-.s.de the mango :,n,l breadfruit trees, so that the planter gets one crop of fruit and two of pepper. The leaves of the plant are oval and the flower white. The fnut ,s about the Hi/e of a pea, of a bright red color when ripe, not crowded on the Hpilcc. Ea.-h vine produces about 1 1-2 pounds of pepper. It is propagated by cuttings or suckers, and comes into beanng m three or four years after it is planted, and vields two crops annually for about twelve years. When any of the 'T>erries- of a sj.ike begin to change from green to red all are gathered as when more fully ripe. Ihey are less pungent, besides being apt to dvop oft. They are spread on mats to diy in the sun. and separated irom the spike by rubt)ing with the hands, or by treading with the tcet, after whieh they are cleaned by winno^ving. The Black Pepper .of commerce consists of" the berries thus dned, which l,ecorne wrinkled and black. WTiite Pepper is the seed freed from the skin and fleshy pan of the fruit, to effect which the dried fruit is soaked in water and then rubbed. Some- times, however, it is prepared direct from the ripe fruit, and after- wards drie.l. iJlack Pepper is more pungent than White, mite Peppe.-. Iiowever, possesses a finer flavour. There are a great variety of qualities, from light dusty trash, up to the heavy shot used in making Schwartz's "Peerless" Pepper. Those who like white ]M3pper best, may as well know that if the ground spice be )amng through TALKS OF rilH [Xi>iKs I,.,,. 11 1 'iiMor. aiul vor as the ;icr(m • to ,1,0 „„eio,„s ir 1™ : ■'■ " "■"■-»■'■" '<"""- ., . ' '•" " -' I'' IlilV,' coin,. nt„ ,r,.||Or..l .1 r. I., .lu. vc- l„8 A. a, Al„ri... ki„p. ,„■ „„. vwy,,,.,,. ,„,„,|„„,, ;■;;->;;. n,,.c,,, „c ,,,<„, a ,,.„„,,„,,. ,,,, ,,-.J C ^ Ala „.«,„„,.,„ -c „, thor ,,„c, a.W. "Yo„. epper-con, he.ng ohliged to supp,, a certain ,uantitv of ; ,. usually one pound, at stated times. " ^' ' ' At one time pepper was so scarce tl,at it wa.s as good .s none. In F.nce tes might he ,aid in pepper-eorn.;. ' 1^ church dues and rent. Pepper was in fact cash, and to pay in pep- per, m spic. or in specie was ec,uivalent to paving in cash in |*on of which,, to this day,, "specie" is the comm'on name for "the i^ardest kind of cash. ^ '■•"■i'^' Of rim IX hies. TiK. l„t,|, „„, „,,. „„^, „, ji,^. i„j„^,,„^,„^ I loH„,„.,o ,„ ,.H. „ ,.,„ , ,„ „,„„ „„„ ^„^ ^^^ " ; " "■ "---I about tl„.. .a„,e tin,,. ,1,. ,.„l,i™ii„„ „, .„„ ,„„,„ '■■-■■ l.""-ever, remained a monopolj „, the Port,-j„o* c.wn ;;-.■.-....; iS,h oe„.u„. In 0„at nw.ain it »»„ ,„„„,,. I-;-'! 1" l.>-. *h,Ih„g, „ad sL^pence per ,,„,„k1. „,,„:; :;"""■* "[ ""■ "■■""-• '• »"> "f l...nd„„ c„„n,„,,e,. " ; '""■ ■ '"" •'>"■■ -'"--tiou will, ,i„. f„,„„it, „/; •^... -.-. ..„, „.ith the ,,.,e„, merchant,, i, traceah.et; .,„ - ... I,.,„„l,.,. of ,„e ,.„*,. „f ,„ „„„k, „f St. Anthony he ..^ ■■^- .. •■... Tl„. ,„„„„ „( ,„eir eoa, „f a,™, j, ..G„d ^„„t |>j ..ev. ,.,.. ,w„ ,„ , .,,,,„^ ,^„,. ,^ ^j p_^,^_^ ^^^ .-.1...8 1.0 t.nnamon Ha,,!.,,,,. t„ „„ticipatio„ we experl to 1 ..e..,t^a.„.e.gr„.,„d, a iovel, .ee„el I, „reathe th^wl; ««^- seemed air. „rclering a carriage, we drive along a mad wlueh is shaded by coeoannt l.«s. Ix.ok! there is a „aliye woman walking ..head; she is clad in sno.r -white petticoat, a '"■""'"■"' to'toise-shell comb fastened in h'er raven hair. A, „c pas, by her we look hack. '«.,^..,,- Wonderfnl! she ha.= a beard! it's a mani A A Cingalese. few minutes of expectation and beh-d,! the o.nnnn,„„ gardonsi Alas, invagination is at fault. The re'm " a vaa. area of scrabbj-., low jungle, composed of cinnamon hushes ■^ .re seen ^ the right and left, before and behind. A J >1«..i of Sopor- 'rnity of St. e as far back inthony, tlie rder of The- "God grant and bent on spec* to see the sweetly- ?, wo drive >y cocoaimt lan walking )etticoats, a ned in her look back. 1 man! A )ehoM. the B reality is ion bnshes . Above is of quartz. TALKS OF T/fK IX/tlhS. g. curious only in the ,>ossi!,ility of i,., .upiK>rting vegetation. Such is the soil ,n which i-innamon deligl.H, for Cevlon is the place of ;t. nativity, llcv tlw (•r..at..r planted the first ci»nan,on tree. Ihe island of Ceylon is a very beautiful country, at one time called tl.o '-Paradise of the Kast": it is now a land of ruins. The renmins ot great citie. attest U> the fact that a great city has passed awav. The ruius of "Auaradupuora." wlnVh cuv.-r two hundred and ilftv- six sqiuire miles ..f ground, are all that ren.ain oi a splendid citv, the greatest tenipk. „f which ...vcode.] |„„r hundred feet in heiirht fUit, hoM-ever tempting it might b... uv ...nnot linger auionu'^tiie rums. The j-reat nmuntains. the beautiful valleys, the wi.U. plains, the roaring, rushing tataraets. the poisonous jungle, the immense forests, the artificial lakes, the st^itely trees, the wild b.-asts. the <'U'gant birds, the lovely .flowers and the str,inge peopl ■ must be passed by while the planter tells and shows us all about the Cinna- mon Tree. Cinnanum is mentioned three times in the Seriptun^^: first.. about sixteen hundred years before tli.- Christian era. in Kxodus. xx.v. 'Hi. wIuMC it is enumerated as one of tji.- ingredients employed in the preparation of the luvly anointing oil: "Tak.. thou also imto th<-.. pouorful si)ices. myrrh, and of .sweet cinnamon half as much, (1. e.. -MO shekels) together with ealaniu- and cassia." Also Prov. vii, ir, and Cant. iv. 14; while in Rev. xviii. 111. among the nier- chandi.se „f Babylon, we have "cinnamon and odon« and">intments and frankincense." As mentioned the tree is a native of. and abound-s throughout tlie jungle of Ceylon. Even at a very high elevation it is one of llie most common woods, where it grows t.^ the dimensions of a forest tree, the trunk being usually about :! ft. i„ eircnmference. The higher the elevation at which it grows, the less it ha.s of its natural fine flavor. The tree in its cultivated state is never allowed to exceed the dimensions of a bush, Ijeing pruned down close to the ground every year. The best cinnamon gardens are on the south- .w «t fiilt "''■'" 'fw^ wliert. tli ''''*t'f:soFr„Kix„ffj, '"'' ''^ ''^'''< «"tripp,,i,.c,,,.,.j,^,^.^ portion of tJ; sufficient to '"x." find their Jal i»v tl ' proper '•t' peelers. le »eaM)ii /„,{„ 'e}'earini,||en..ss. tl 1^;' over Pi'actice in tJ vporr. "^"Pply th illKi enipJovi)n.|,f '" 'fir Ie,i! ti,„y ^, lieir earn •'''■ "'I'lts iiniij tl they "»r is confined to th lis |)tu(> tlu, ri,,, 'ng« during r.jie laini ero p \to\r\p nati •^' ensuing harvest. Thei '"■""y rendeiv tl ''f''u pjirticularly :""•'-'".^.^nl^. ,.,,,,,„,:; ":':'t?'"*'''-*«™i>«™: its hark. / matt " t"enty-f(Mir I '""'^^"^'astickandatoncod I, (h lev er ii,,. cireCnll 'lours th ai-e iiitr-Kliii-ed .V sc'-,ipt,,| „(f J luto tlu. lar.r, qi'il'^ are fonned. ofte, ^ark is then dried '<' •'pi'lernns and " a feu- hours the small -•''• ""cs. and in th •vest it of ffJ-eenish nulpy '«"»• quills ' ^"^'asuring forty incl '•* way congeries of with I'^^^'**^ <'f si.lit ha.nl '" f''i' ^im and aftt- Pi'oi^erties besides rh '00 twi '•wards niad '^•^ in lenu-th. The •'A^- The tree h ^ j'lto l)nnd]es *^'Jove; the 1, 'at possessed by the hark. Th Jii.ui !e( *illed d !faves also have rh a« many valuable 'ere is a l)nd, as a c-oncrere oil. calJed '^'^■^ 'Hi. The root vield '^' f«^t,^ of cloves, iron, which Jn C'eylnn ,vas f Ci unajuon sw some oil Th th or e 0.trerenee ,n the ,uali,y of both ea^ia and cinnamon, the ba-ks by the t.>n, after winch the ..pense. o^ n.anufaeturing have to be a.lded. r.ow-pru,.ed cisnia .« e,i nam-.,, i. «in,ply tasteleas wood --' '<"-• .......1 weIl-,sea.. on Froncii Indo China, and will be m i\., Bntish sphere of influence should, the imperial govern- n.en have to take over the seven, and parts of three or four other great pix>vinces lying south of Y'ang-tse-kiang river. A railroad runn.ng west by south from Hang Chau Bay through these pro- -ne.ple st.,nding around wood burning slowly and making al^^' 1 ; ! T"^' "'" *'P^""''^'^ '''^ ^"^'"'^^ ^^'hat they are doin. «nd what kmd of trees those are that look so pretty. An intelligent and pleasant faced Dutchman standing by, kindly answers: ' THESE ARE (!LOVE TREES, and it will give me pleasure to tell you what T know about them J50 we sit down, and he begins: '•This elegant tree is one of the Myrtle familv of plants It atiams a height of some forty feet, and in its native island lives froni 75 to' 100 years. It has a pyramidal form; is alwavs green and IS adorned throughout the year with a succession of beautiful flowers. The stem is ol' hard wood, and covered with a smooth grayish bark. The leaves are about four inches in length, by two - breadth. They hnve a finn consistence, are of a sliini.ig gi-een color, and when bruised are iiighly fragrant. The flowers grow in clusters at the extren. .ud of the branches, and exhale a strong, penetrating grateful odor. The natural geographical range of the c^ove tree is extremely li.nited. It wa.. formerly confined to the Molucca Islands, in most of which it gre.- abundantlv before their conquest by the Dutch. By the monopolizing policy of that com- meicial people the trees were extirpated in nearlv all the islands "Old" and !'.s Peerless that great iship lines. Schwartz's )ds on you. , and good East India md on one n shining n fraorrant 5. Seeing d making are doing, ntelligent rs: 3ut them. lants. It and lives ;reen and beaiitiful smooth, 1, by two iig gi-een grow in I strong, :g of the i to the )re their lat corn- islands 5 I TALES OF THE INDIES. lit except Amboyna and Tornate, which are under their immediate in- spection. Xotwitlistanding, however, their jealous vigilance, a French governor of the isles of France and Bourl)on. named Pouei'e i\tcceeded in the year 1770 in obtaining plants from the Moluccas,, and introducing them into the colonies under his control. lv any other name ivould smell as sweet." Jlnother thing may he mentioned: If SehwarlVs "Peerless" Cfeves are sf-nnkled on a hot stove, after eookiny cabbage, onions, etc.. It « III destroy any unpleasant odor. W,. ,vill no„- in ,«„,innation of our journey, tal^e sliip for the Bamh, Islands. Tins is one of the si. or seven g,wpa of valuable ■Bl»»ds e„nsf,t„„„g the East Indian .A«hip„lag„. and here spices grow ,n perfection. Holland, although having an area of only «,c.48 s,uare unles with a population of 4,511,41.5 pe,.ons. yet *^ s .„ the Dutch East Indies, territories «ut of all p^portion to e numbe.. These „„.«..ions are very valuable, 'witl an .r!a P I dcu t!!""' T'"' ""* " "°P"""""" <" 32,000,000. An inde- r , h ' r;"' '"'"^"'""^ ^°'*'' '"» Dutch; they ha tern,«ry. We will land on one of those verv aluaHetl „ and lean, something about the ' XnTJlEd TREE Zz ZT t"t"""r '"' *'"*'"" "^^^ " '"" "^^ -" - now r r '"™' *■'■■ -"^ '■'^- °' "'"Ok! look! what is it»" now attratts our attention to a dull red »1„ ne,/.aie,el, l^o«re now passing the island of Gernun^JVni File nionntarn, fr„„, i,s large cone shaped volcano which 7^ e as well un- ' Zanzibar. 386, rless" Cloves onions, etc., ship for the of valuable liere spices 'ca of 'onlv )ersons, yet oportion to ith an area An inde- ^y had not their ships ar, at tliat lossess^ons. laving ob- the world le to their >le islands id of can- beautiful at is it?" sta rboai-ci pillar of and feet Lung Api 3 forever TALES OF rilK IXDIKS. ^^ emitting smoke or fla.ue: and as we uaioh the wonderful phenol- ena. our .thoughts fly hack eighteen hundred years, and we have visions of the destru.-tion of Pon,peii and Herculanettni by the i^i^at erTiption of Mount Vesuvius in A. D., 71), described so graphi- cally l)y the younger Pliny, and we can well appreciate the splendid courage of Pliny the elder, in ordering the Roman fleet of gallevs irom flu.a- safe anchorage at Misenun., and leading his conunand "'to what he must haVe see., was ,t , ,st dangerous position in order that he might he the nutans of saving as manv of the ten^r- stncken people as possible. And tlien caJmly giving up his life "1 the attempt. fAvavi.ig this island we steer for the largest island in the g.oup. ^nd make harbour at Banda I^intoir. which derives its name from the Palmyra palm. Km... the sea this island presents a lofty appearance, its sides being steep, and crowned bv a sort of tablJ- land, which extends nenrly from one end to the other, the whole oi which is covered by one continous forest of Xutmeg and Canari trees, the hitter being planted to screen the former from the winds; we may say that aJmost the whoh^ surface of this group of islands' IS covered with nutmeg trees. Rising early in the morning we go ■out for a constitutional in the bright sunshine, and as we breathe the fragrant air it is with light hearts we stroll across the green open glades made more beautiful by the glowing sunlight, and it is with a sense of excjuisite pleasure our eyes rest upon a vast thicket of handsome Xutmeg tree.., and we gaz,- with delight upon one of the most charming features of a tropical landscape. We liad not imagined anything so beautiful: their largP glossy dark green lea;e^ liung all alx)ut with olive yellow fruit, the pale gold of which lights up the dark fc)liage and gleams from its boughs like "golden lamps at a feast." Here ami there the nutmegs are fully ripe, the tnut opens at the tips and splits into two ecpial divisions, so that the covering of ,„aee shows a streak of delicate crimson, whilst the nutmegs which have fallen lie about on the grass, their enve- ^'''Iir-WAJ ''■* ^'-^ '^l-^^ Of THE IXDIKS '•""""i..;,„i, i „ ' r™'"-" """ •''"' """ ^-'•''■'- ™«k"« a < ■!. .,. , ' , ""■ '■";"•>■ '"• "■^' --• ^-'>»-. perhaps tl.'is „.. ,, „ i ,„,:'■ ;""""^' """•"^' ""■ '■■•■" "'a.v oblige us «.„.,,., I,, ,.■ r "T"'"""^ '"" '■ "■'■ ■"-' """^- '■'- "^-■Iv hi. D ;;■',: "■ ■'" """ °* •■' '■'■™'''"™'>- ""' f»rt-- „,- ,; ,...„.:"■', """"".'■' ':■' "- -™- -' 1.0. ,m<.r hi„.,i„^ li"". IV ,:,,:: "";"■""-' ^'"■" ■" "" ' '.--.1 i,>f„r,„„ itiM'iji ir , ;, I, I . . I»'»l' '"»'''' "'»' ''.-■ »>"'l. tl.e r U t l;:"' T'' """"■"■"*' '""■ '^» *""' Wiil,„„tk„„„.i„„„„. ,"/'"" '" *o a„,e g„„.. condition. .■» .'.-i^ auZtt;;::: ;: "■''• r --' --^--^ "■•• >< ". »r flat l>„arcl J " °'""" "''"' " ""«''". '"»'■«' "il whieh thev contain" "' '■-'^"'■'■""" "' '"^ "-^ J"/? ' and Is of lovely eir usually making a r'laps this oblige lis look else- nt fortun- •r bidding inf(jrnia.- nade oval side and the top. le l)a-;ket, collected ? gatlier- 1 i)orfect Mids tlie all fruit t similar •ndition. I Scotia, kernel, •ing fire 11(1 day. I mallet smaller e fixed ris and TALES OF THE IX DIES. c,r, branches. The color of the bark nf the trnnk is a reddish brown; that of the young branehe^ a bright green. The frnit is pear-shaped, ami when ripe, has a yellow golden color, and consists of four parts; the outer flesh part, (which resem- bles oP.ndied fruit.) then the membraneous substaaioe, knowii as mace, tlien the shell, and finally the kernel or actual nutmeg. Nut- ^"egs grow all the year round. They require a hot, moist clin,ate. The tree, which lives for one hundred years. begin> t.. bear in its «'ghth, and produces twelve pounds nutmegs. It takes 100 pounds nutmegs to produce 1 jxjund mace. Mace is a verj' rich and delici- ous spice, ec^ual in value to the nutmeg itself, and is extremely fra- grant and aromatic. Like the oak tree springing from the acorn, so the nutme'g tree grows from the nutmeg, and the Dutch, to secure the monopoly of the spice trade, tried various ways to prevent the spread of the products of their islands to the territory of other na- tionalities. .So as they tried to prevent the transplanting of clove plants, they also, by b^jiling or baking the nutmegs, tried to ensure tiieii- not sprouting when sold abroad. Then, later, they extracted the oil by sweating, and then covered up the defects by liming the nutmeg. It is said, however, that the wood pigeon has been the means of thwarting the covetous spirit of the Dutch government, by conveying the nuts to other islands. The trees having been thus transplanted into countries beyond the control of the Dutch, the ancient system could not pos«ih1y be maintaineil any longer, The great hunter and traveller. Sir Samuel AV. ?,aker. in his interesting book on Ceylon, thus describes the wild nutmeg: "At a similar altitude, the wild nutmeg is veiy common throughout the forests. This tree is a perfect anomaly. The tree is entirely diff- erent to that of the cultivated species. The latter is small, seldom exceeding the size of an apple tree, and bearing a lighi green myrtle-shaped leaf, which is not larger than that of a peach. The wild species, on the contrar}-, is a large forest tree with leaves oijual in size to those of the horse chestnut. Nevertheless, it jiro- i; ' >i 1 1 iv ^ m I w; T.ILBS OF THE IShlES. (luces a porlVc't iiutiiic.,' TliPn. ; fi <, Ji.i.> IK. f1.a\()r or aroma whatever. ^f IS it gross ilDOOsitioil on lllf. nnrf ,^! . '*'^ "I- ''•^- i>"^.i' d „ ,.„ ■' ' ::rsi 'V"°'' ;«'"^^- ^"•■ini a Dodo. \+ ,„,• ^..f,. ft, « ^" ^^'^^^^ ™"^'^ «l-i' ™ just „. ,„„c|, „i „„ , ■■ * "'°"^' '"'"■' «""■"" Toi • V^ '■ *'*^J -'-J « best of everything else '"■ "'"1 leave, .about. f„„, i„o,,es |„„^ T^ •"'' '"^ "'''^S "f white flo„-e.. to, ■' ,""' ' r,""' 'Ahotomous panicles v-y beautiful tree" ar,tli:; :'"f ""^'"° •>"''«• '' ^ » flwers which diffnJ ■'-■'' "■'"' "" »^"l'e™"ec '( is iiiied , "::;;r- t;"° °'°''- ^^ '™"' --'- ' ^ ■ ». <...«„,z,,l,t ,nn„uunpe state, has in a grc. ;- , „o TALES or THE INDIES. 07 dissappeared. The gathering ol' the berries^, therefore, take^ place- as soon as they have reached their full size but still uuripe. lu July and August they are gathered by hand and dried in th.. ^un on terraced floors, during whicli process great care is taken by tinning and winnowing to prevent them being injured by nvoi^ture. Their color changes in drying from green to reddish brown. The name Allspice wa^ given to Pimento from u fancied resemblance in flavor to a mixture of other spice. The Allspice of commerce is furnished exclusively by the island of Jamaica, and all attempts to cultivate the tree where it is not found growing spontaneously have hitherto failed. The so-called Pimento walks or natural plantations from which l)imento is collected are formed by cutting down other growtlis upon the lands where the trees grow naturallv. and thus allowino' 11 to multiply freeely. A large trade is carried on in young shoots 01 the tree. Fvom 3,000 to 4,000 bundles (-■iOO to 800 sticks) are shipped annually from Jamaica as sticks for umbrellas, so if the reader is caught out in t) • rain without that very necessaiy article he will have some idea of the unfortunate condition of people who liave neither an umbrella nor Schwartz's "Peerless" Allspice in tlie houae. As we have pointed out in the first part of this little book, Ja- maica is a very valuable and productive island. It is celebrated for the high quality of ginger. The price of Jamaica Ginger in the New Yoi'k market to-day (May 24th, 1899) is just three or four times the price of any other ginger. Having given you an idea of its value, let us look into its history and get a few pojnts as to its cultivation. Courtesy does not cost anything, and It is wonderful how it smoothes the wrinkles from and brightens the face of the poor commercial traveller, when in reply to his enquiiy as to how your stock of goods stands he receives an answer, if it bo favora.l)le or not. in a pleasant. agreeaWe, polite manni'r. So it enhances the value of the information gained, when it is I 68 , ''■"'^•'»' ''f" THK INDIES ' ■ '■ " '■-::;::,::::::;---' *>» our fnond H'\\< ,|^ : , ,. "'«'■■■ l'«« .si.,«„l i '„.,"!,"""■"."', '■'"«'■' '■" '•'"■™' a.d fro™ W™d,,„,,„, „Vl' i " ™ '"'''«««' t)- -eivcd ,,, ,„e,„ b,. ,„„ .„v r ;;;° '■"" t""^' -^ »- in the list of imports i„t„ ai , ' ""' " '* ''"'"d that -I our era, were tht liluf ,": "' ""'"' '" *^= '^""^ -nt„^ a" important artielo .f -. . evidently constituted »nd ,t'„.as we, Z:; ,; T,""'; '"'"■"™ '"'-P^ -^ *e East, qnest, hci„g often .;■''''""• "7 ^*- «- ^^^--n Con- the eleventh cent,,,' Gil '" "° '^"«'''-S"™n leech books of ^'■P-I «nds are Jamaic, <«^" I.trAf"' ""' "■'"■ >n its t„m has s„,,er,l .„,. , ' ^'"™'- »"'' each Jamaica ranks L"™; ""' ""°"""- ^' « ""e 3«id, 80 into the fields ,^1 "" T *' «"""^' « "^^ - -" Therootsof fp, : ' ."■;'7*'"« ""»•■' «'e „^owin, pUnt. feet, with narroj ea :; Tl',', " 'V '""^ '^' '™ " ""- «>o., in^nrediate,. f roj the' ^ "Z^.tT "T '^ ''' * "' «al.v spike. The land intended f" he .^ ' " "" '"""''^' fl«t well cleaned with the hoV , ! ™"™ "' '^"!<" i' abont the months o^Mal Xhi'^^;'/ T-!^ '"^ P>»'e^ and flowers about Augu., „7 Zl , ' "' '"" ''"'''" close of the vear Wl'"' tl , ,T '' '"'' '"'^ ■"""" 'he ■ ■• "I"'., the stalk ,s entirely withered the root. TAij'j!^ or Tin: ixdies are m a proper state lor (|i...,i,i„- nu. spiee mill .n^T ' ' '" "■"■'"■'•' '" '"'=«»'■'■ i" a c-x^.ert., .eh a. .Sohwrtzs). r,„„„di„,,.,j, ,„,,- l,ei„,, pi,k„ t,,'! Sa«.on„g,,, ,vh,lo th. x,p„e. celobmfe nil ,„an„e,. „, ,„,;,,, ;ioucan,n,.g,„c.wh„thil„n„„,g„r,lo„,„„,i,sthevha„. ,u o™ ".crod,bl. ,l,aM,„. ,„,„ „,„„„ „j ,__,,„^ ,i„,er se Z Jamaica ,. all picw l.v the hands of the native, tween^'tL''""'';'"' '!; "''''"' ''"'"' '' " >"»"' ™*^''- '''a*, he- iMcen two wooden wedges. After tho outev skin has been removed lavers of s,„al| eell. cut, .t ,.s thrown mto water and left over night to soak. The water tnrrthnir.'"""'"-^'"""^ -^ *'-■"- - - -- The ginger on being taken from the water mnst be dried bv he trop,caI snn. A so-called harbiea is gene-^Uv Msec, fcr hi them wth wooden boards. As the sun is most essential for th^ d.7.ng process, careful people put the ginger out to dn- in the "ajs llK d,jn,g process isnot so s„cce»,f„l. A, ,„av he co„iec„n«l • «■»* »<= quality „, f.»d ,.™„. !,„ „. ,„ .■ ieZ; :i; Ti^tt"""""! "" is marked "pure '■ It i. „«„ ,u\ * ''"*'S'> and an tht ,tr^ u J i frr" T"" ''''"''"■ P""«^-^- - - Cheaper ,.. oj^ ^foZ; r.^ X' "'" "'»- «e :: ~,::t„17 "r ■ r ^°'"'"^ -^ -''^' - ger. tells n, H„ Tn v ' '' °" *'"' "J" "'« »' »>e pa«en- d-.H.:r;:i:':;t::t'r'^"-^----*d amnnd whicl. varion- ! M ,. """ '""™' '"«' "*<"-. tte Aootin! ™T ™""°""*°"=' "■ •""'■ """'- *a. Th.-^ >and, .0 drained. „o,v ,et ^ e 'i '" *° *^ ■-• «.™»i„g on. the e»,th from U,e foot d*" t C Td '"' c»..n sma„ hro.-n grains, whioh, npon heitlV-lrJll: so >ea. TALES OF Tin: IXIHES. ., ,1 "7"'' —"known to ^n™„t«„«. Hipp,o„,.. . 1 .1 «- . ,„ed,c,„„, and at th« present dale, for the best pTaater, - «» con,l,„,e„t. use Schw.rtrt "Peorie." P„,e M^tard """ "-"'S !«li:s. TherifGeiinan. kwi> your Bradu'iU'els, ^^ Vine-clnd and foaming Rhine, TIu' taiiif of hondnrro on'thom dwells; l'"iir ha})j)icr -tmuiis arc itiinc."' Wlu.f, a I,a|.,,y tlnn. if u„„l,| |,o for Xova Scotia, if all her 0't,...ns wo., .rulowed wnh th. patriotism of the great Howe. What " "^'"- ;•'•" "f prosperity would sot in al-ng the hanks of "Mv -.uury s pleasant strean..." Wlion Xova Seotians cea... to do^ir^ ^" '■'^■" '" •■i;^l.l-l.y-t,.n huts, ou ,h. bank, of stream, of red mud- •';"■■• ^''; ^^:'''1 -Id wooly w..t. Hut the stean.er is entering th^ ^l"ck. and w,. uMist gather up our -grips.'' \V.' l.ave had a long journey,, without any of the discomforts -';1-" '• 'ravel in foreign ian-N. We have visited nearly all the ^cotlee and sp.ee ..ountries. l,a..tily passed through India from north o south t henee east around the worid. We now land in Livei-pool 1-igland, going there on a visit to plaees whore mustard planis are' «.own to perfeetion. We inspect the great factories on the way ;'.;"^ '••■■•"■'' ^--1'>" ''.v rail; take the steamer to Havre in France '■-""- -ty in the north we pass hy rail to the south of this -. .tul and historic country, and enter a, great city, founded -» thousand five hundred years ago. on the Mediterranean Sea (jrns wxth his Persian troops, had driven forth an Ionian tribe- he Phocaoaus-from their native laud. Leaving it, as Horace tN s us. to wdd bears and wolves, they had sailed from the west- •-1 eonnng to the spot where Marseilles now stands, had made it' ;■"• -;- '■"-. With the ou.ing in of the ships of this diligent, "•'■rpr..^.ng ra.e. commenced the history of the port of Mas.^ilia •or Jiarseilles. How surprised one of those ancient Phocaeans would be were he to return to-day and see this city numbering neariy five hundred ll.onsand inhabitants, and known throughout the world a. the first' -aport not only of Frauce, l>ut of the Mediterranean. Full of .Instoric interest is Ihis old city. Crowding its sti^eis are people TALES (H- Tin: fXn/h'S. fj 1-n.n. ,,I1 parts of tl.o ourli., and we are deafened and distracted by . no,^ an,l confusion of tl.is modern Bahel. Wo aro Jostled and ju.tled by Afncans. Hindoo., Russians, Cbinese, Spaniards, Portu- guese frenchmen. (Genoese, It.l.ans and Knglislunen. Here a tur- baned Turk, and there a burnousod Arab, near by a Dutch skipper exchanges greetings with a Oonnan o,- a Norwegian, and hurrying the docks to Join hi. ship there goes a Malay. Following bin, to the water front, we see the g,-eat breakwater, 7,330 feet in length nml the careening ba.in. .., ,he site of the old burying ground" to ^ e n,h the harbour. A ve,. ,...,ite Kreneh gentleman informs ii« that the harbour ae.omninrlation exceeds 430 acres; the're are five inagn,fieent docks -the Old Port, Joliette, Lazaret, Arne and the W Mant,me: and th« quavs, placed end to end. would extend ten •"•les. Ue also learn that the Ui.l Port is l,u.)o yanis i„ Luoth, au.l can contain about 1,200 of the 8,oOO vessels which Marseilles is able to accommodate at any time. Between 0.000 and 10.000 vessels en^ ier and leave this port ever., year. Fifty tlfousand tons of merchan- dise can be stored in the great wa,rehou.ses, on the ea^t side of the' Bns.n du Lazaret at one time. Why do we come here? you ask; ^^hat has th,s place got to do with spices? Well, we thought while Ave were "on the road" we might just as well come this far. and or-" rchase, which, although not a spice, is always handled in con- nection with spice mills. You ask what is Cream of Tartar? Of course you remeniber those luscious grapes, that kind old Frencnman handed to you as we passed his vineyard the other day? Well, that is the fruit from" wluch it is produced. The Tartar is an acid concrete salt, and is deposited from wines completely fermented, and adheres to the' ^ides of the vats in the form of a hard ernst, which in its crude ;f I k^^ <-t TALES OF THE INDIES. i"«.. A to,, of grapes j,eid according to the nature of *!,„*. ■. M»«t,tie. of bet«on o„e and two p„„fds of IgT ""• 0,ir good friend rto has just pointed o„t „ ' iitoest. informs us thai Ta,i. • '"^ '"'°'' °' i»ta,ce ,;„?»,; " " °""™' ""•' *^' " ""P™^' 'or its ex. istence „,,„„ the refuse products of another indu9t,-v T,-. ::i'' Tiu: t '" - ™"'^'- °' ™-'^^'-' ^hief o^Zhi. r;: J- Of the .no. in .hort, a„ .edi^e-^'rltt^r J: he ,™o ,„„. and pre.es, ,. „-„„ as all ti,e p„„aee and 1,1s he g,.„pe, ,.s,d„e ,r„„, ,he pressing „„t of the wine is oM to .que e.l „ ,""; 'T " '^''"""^ "'^'^ ^"^ ^' °f "-o ,-„ic! 1:1:;; i\: ; ::,:;:;r;r:L'" -^^ - ^'- of t].;, „ "I'^tuiea trom the remaining portion <^t thi. seepage from the lees Thp Taw «,".-. .s ,n„ch as p„ssi.,h,. is then^'^ea^"":, '^2 2 '"f" -^ P-haps to take on an .ddi'ona,. ZZZ 2 , ;-"-"o"- When «,us exhausted of its r.^^Z '^ s, * , ,s put ,n,„ ,,,,, ,,t, ,rter3 it is sti,.ed with hot waft ,tt ' " , "' "°* '' *^" "'*'"''™-' ">" the boilin. procei '■oiitinncil until the cojoiing mutter I., • • , Process th»„ i 1„« , ., '"<""' Piwll'i'ntes an.l then ,» left „ oloar fluid, which upon being filtc-ed and, c«,W ■.:tr, 't:::'T'^ "^ *'° "'■"'" -" "'^■•^•■^ - '"- ^^^ n.™e We , ' T"" "' '""^''"^ *' P""-' W^es its € en, ,,rtt; T " °"™"'' '"*" ' »""» '»™ *>■' ■^^itani I artai- of oommerce. tl TALES or THE IX DIES. ,.^ Ma„y,„|„io„ pouu... a.e oonsu.ned annually, and tl.e mited " '^eh . o^.r hve and a half nnllions of dollars. lu Califonua dlu pounds annually. It is a new industry in that country tl.e wa>,e stuff from their presses and wine vats, that otherwise ^^ouId go on the fields as manure. Cream Tartar is used in n.aleria medica, principally fur the -upoundn,, of seidlit. powde., in which it is employed in connec- on w,th .-carbonate of .da: hut its chief use is in the n.anufa - me balon, powder. T,,., ,,st hakin, powders are those uu.le -m the imrest and best Crean. of Tartar, and tt is verv i.npn.tant rluu you should have the best. If you. in balong. use crean. tartar -Hi sowder, see that your ^.ocer ^u,r,.hes you with Schwartz's "Peerless-' Cream Tartar. He may v'sh to sell you sotnething he makes more money on. but Sehwart/s -> what you must insist on, if you want to avoi^ the poor, cheon grades. ' In conclusion, if any of our lady readers, in nuiking their choice n. a uusband, have been so unfortunate as to have caught a Tartar she can correct the acidity of his temper and general make up bv puiiuig hnu through a course of homeopathic treatment giving him nunute doses of Schwartz's "Peerless" Cream Tartar dailv varymg the treatment with allopathic do.scs of liuht fcatlurv l.iscui'ts made from the best flour, in which she ha« used Schwartz's full strength h,gh grade "Peerless-' Cream Ta.taa, in proportion of two- thirds, to .one-third best baking soda. ^\e now take the train fur Bordeaux, and from there take passage m a steamship to London and from, there home by of course the fa.st line to Halifax. We hope you have enjoyed 'the trip and have been somewhat interested in what we have seen and learned about coffees and spices. And while vou find the writer T-^I^I'^S or TJIK IXniEs. hm y «h.t he ™t«, but b, the fact that his busmess is to sell 01 W. H. Sclnvartz and Sons." "And tlie night shnll be filled with music And the cares that infest the dav fehall fold their tents like the Arabs, ^ And as silently steal awey." ESTABLISHED 1841. Read on pages 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, the List of Standard Qoods Manufactured and Packed by W. n. Schwartz ANb J0N5. Factory and Office; Water & Barrington Streets, North of Hurd'8 Lane. Halifax, w, s. P< O. Box 464. (77) Telephone 227. W. H. SCHWARTZ & SONS' CEIEBRATEO CAREFULLY BLENDED GROUND COFFEES, Packed Fresh from the Roaster In 5, lO, 15, 35, 50 and RO lb. Cnn.s. .-.^* «7„lT. ;:r""" *-;'""" ""' '""-"■' "■■■ "■- «» «-„,, «v. J..™, and ..,„e w . CrpJ , I"' '■""'"""■■ "™' "" '» '"•"'^' oHiei f.t merit, begin g with tlie host: Peer.ess • Blend Java Coffee, for Finest Trade. "Orient" Blend " Batavlan " Breakfast "German" Breakfast "English" Breakfast "French" Breakfast N. B.-See how to make Coflee o„ pages 35 and 36. for Finest Trade, for Fine Trade, for Good Trade, for Fair Trade, for Ordinary Trade. (78) W. H. Schwartz & Sons' ABSOLUTELY PURE "Gold r^onncnc standard" CUrrCtiO -; — ^^ — T— Whole, Roasted or Qround, packed in . — . — . 25 iSt 50 lb. cans. JAVA— Finest Selected Genuine - - - For Fiuest Trade MOCHA— Finest Selected Genuine - - For Finest Trade MOCHA and JAVA-F'st Sel. Gen.- - For Finest Tiade JAM A.IC A— finest Selected Genuine, For Finest Trade MARACAIBO-Finest Sel. Genuine - For Finest Trade ira. SEE HOW TO MAKE COFFEE ON PAGES 35 •. 36. r^^-J-5.^;$-5gjg^-^i m W. H. 5CHWART2 & SONS' ABSOLUTELY p. _ PURE hine Coffees •^ *h,„. R„a»,e<,, „, o,,„„„, p3„^,^ '" « and 50 m. Can,. ^ SELECT JAVA, STERLIITG JAVA, MOCHA AND JAVA BLEND, . WNE JAMAICA, ' MARACAIBO. ^/^y^^/^^/\^ ■a SEE HOW TO MAKE COFFEE ON PAGES 35 & 36. ^^^^ ^^^^"^ ^^^m (80) W. H. Schwartz & Sons' Packed in Glass Quart Fruit Jars. Schwartz's "Javanese, K'- «»iuk'os, rctml at - 50c The Sultan's Blend Mocha, ii!<; 1 NO POKERS! W The "Centripetal " Grate i«i'ous|ni,|(.fl „„ a ivvolviiu priii- <'pUMV0i-ki„(r|„,i ronlrc. iiiMl is in l"..|ur(s. Tli.Min(l(.rCTnt(.i.soi.,.r- iil'Ml on by a s.Toll cu,,, .s,.t, ,,11 roll- ••ivs; oiii. i<.v„Ii,(ii,n of (liis r:u,\ s«<'e|,s ll.coMliroffmlr siirfucc ml- • <"'».' oH' f„|Iy ,„„ i„,.l,o, „f „,|,^,, .ui.l. linker. l„-i„n;i„. I |U.S„„„.,„,|„, cenl,'co|u.ninK,wl„.,vilis,lurMi...,ii„ ll.cnsli-|,|| below. \\h,,,i Ihcopcni- """ '>fclc:iMinK is nol in proKn-s- '■los'Mlbya MrovMbk.,rnli-cpi,M-,.. Circulars and Testimon- ials on application. The Latest and Best ! ^/> /^ r\.^y\y\/~y /^y^ .'\^,^\y\^-\_ The "New Model" HOT WATER BOILER, For Warming Buildings. Perfect Spiral Circulation, Absolutely Free Water Ways, Self-feeding Magazine running from 12 to 24 hours without attentio.1 Easy Access to all parts for Cleaning, iiiul piovidi'd with ihc Peerless " Centripetal" Grate > CLINKERS! NO DUST! This Grato U Wasteless. LONGARD BROS., ''^^T^^! '-'^'■^^ shnwiuK IfevolvinK .Scroll Can. ( entrc pioco, and (Iperalinf,- M'boW ,it si.lV 'ATKN'TKKS AND MAITACTlltKItS 213 to 221 Hollis Street, ,. ,, HALIFAX, N. S. (h4) < V « t W IMAGE EVALUATBON TEST TARGET (MT-3) 'Y y 5^ ^/^ 1.0 I.I L25 ill 1.4 12.5 1.6 Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 # iV iV ^9> lV \\ '4 K%^^^ ;\ ■^:;*'* r O f/j r FICHE 2 NOT REQUIRED