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..THIRD AND SECOND CENTURIES
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T
THE
,.
ATHENIAN ARCHONS
■!|
OF THE
THIRD AND SECOND CENTURIES
BEFORE CHRIST.
BY
WIIXIAM SCOTT FERGUSON, A.M.
FELLOW OK CORNELL UNIVERSITY
A THESIS PRESENTED TO TIE FACULTY OP CORNELL I^NIVERSITY
FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
JUNE, 1899.
ITHACA, N. Y.
PRESS OF ANDRUS & CHURCH,
1899.
7)/^^^ .^3 5
^-^
NOLClIG-nTIl- PnoPERTY
OF COLUMBIA U.-lVEllSllY,
Errata.
On page 21, note i in place of p. 29, n. 4. write p.
18, n. 4. ; on page 21, note 4 in place of p. 44. write
p. 27. ; on page 26, on page 29 ^^ 20 and 21 (in three
places) and on page 43 (! 32 in place of Arrhenides
write An-heneides.
COPYUIOIIT, 18^9,
1!Y CORNHIJv UNIVKRSITY
AT.l, UlOUrS RUS15RVI51).
K>-^ . <
p
mnrmNBRn
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PREFACE.
During the thirty-one years of the fourth century B.C., from
352/1 till the end of the Lamian War, the prytany secretaries at
Athens followed one another in the official order of their tribes.'
The oligarchy introduced a new arrangement for the short period
of its government. It is not clear how the secretaries were
chosen under Demetrios of Phaleron.'' After 307/6 B.C., how-
ever, the democracy returned to its earlier practice, and for every
one of the following two hundred and eleven years we know
which tribe furnished the secretary.
This knowledge we owe to the fact that throughout this period
the official order of the secretaries' tribes remained unbroken.
The use of the official order is assured for the years between 303/2
and 299/8 B.C. After 299/8 B.C., wherever we know the
sequence of a group of secretaries' tribes, that sequence is the
official order.' This proves that the official order remained in
u.se throughout the period. In .seven years,* well distributed
over the two centuries, we are able, by means of connections es-
tablished with external systems of chronology, to demonstrate
that the tribe which held the secretaryship was the one
which the official order demanded. This proves that the
official order remained in continuorcs use throU'j;hout the period.
Moreover, there are cases in which several secretaries are confined
to a period of a few years by events recorded in inscriptions
passed during their terms in office. Had it been possible for a
tribe to hold the secretaryship in au}^ or every year, it could only
be due to an extraordinary coincidence that in none of these
-< 'Cornell Studies, VII (1898), p. 34.
'Ibid., ? 12.
"__".> 'Ibid., p. 44 ff.
^ *Four of these are discussed in Cornell Studies, VII, p. 60 ff., two in A. J. P.
■ XIX (1898), p. 314 f., and one below, p. 74 f.
CO
29SG02
«i?i£65
IV
The Athenian Archons.
periods the secretaries helotig to tribes forhicUicn by the official
order. The official order was demotistrably used in determining
the secjtience of the secretaries to the treasury board of Athena in
the fourth century B.C.' According; to it the priests of Serapis
at Delos in tiie second century B.C. held office.' In tlie latter
part of the fifth and the begnniing of the fourth century B.C. the
reverse of the official order determined the sequence of the secre-
taries to the joint treasury board of Athena and The Other Gods.*
It was no strange thing, therefore, to find the official order em-
ployed in the ca.se of the prytany .secretaries. In the face of this
evidence careful .scholars might still suspend judgment, if, in con-
structing an archon list by means of the official order, events had
to be so arranged that well attested historical facts were contra-
dict-^d. Unfortunately well attested facts of Athenian hi.story are
rare 'n this period. Were they more numerous, vtndoubtedly
they would supplement those we already have, not in contradict-
ing, but in confirming, the arrangement of events neces.sitated
by the new archon list.
It is simply because we do know the tribe which held the .secre-
tarysbp in every one of these two hundred and eleven years, that
it is jjssible to draw up a new archon list. My predecessors in
this \\ ork could claim to do no more than a.ssign an approximate
year to five-sixths of their material ; whereas I have here at-
tempted to determine the precise year in all cases in which the
secretary is known, and then, with the help of archons fixed in
this way, to approximate in the cases in which the secretary is
not known.
The resulting list can be only provisional ; for every secretary
hereafter found will have a two fold value. It will add another
archon to the list and will at the same time eliminate a possible
year for archons already known. Hence a revised list will be
necessary in a very short time ; " ea enim est discipliuae epi-
graphicae condicio ut dies diem doceat."
>Cornell Studies, VII (1898), p. 74,
'Ibid., p. 46fT.
'Ibid., p. 72.
im^^
I
Preface. v
III coniieotion with each archon name, from Lysias on, I have
given in the foot-notes a reference to all the passages I conld find
in which the name occurs. My indebtedness to my predecessors
is acknowledj;cd in the frecpiency with which I have cited their
works. Of the careful treatise by Schtschoukareff, I could use
only the proper names, and the parts which were not in Russian,
i. e., the references. Reviews of his book have, however, been
consulted. Koehler and Homolle deserve to be especially men-
tioned, the former for his masterly treatment of the Attic inscrip-
tions of this period, the latter for his careful articles on the
Delian contributions to Athenian chronology.
Professor B. I. Wheeler's unceasing interest and as.sistance have
done much to make this .study what it is. Professor G. P. Bristol
and Dr. F. O. Bates have read the proofs and given me many
valuable suggestions. To all three I here express my heartiest
thanks.
W. S. F.
Ithaca, N. Y., April 24th, 1899.
TIIIC ATHENIAN ARCHONS OF THE THIRD AND
SECOND CENTURIICS HEFORE CHRIST.
I
' ii
■ lj I
§ I. Anaxikrates, Koroibos, Euxenippos, Pherekles, Leo-
stratos, Nikokles, Klcarchos, Hegemachos, Euktemon,
Mnesidemos, Antiphates, ('Xvapx'M), Nikias, Nikostratos,
Olympiodoros, aii'l Philippos. 307/6-293/2 B.C.
Dioiiysius of Halicaniassus' assigns to these archoiis tlie posi-
tions tiiey occupy iti this list and with him Diodorus vSiculus' and
tlie Parian Ciironicle, ' as far as they go, agree. The only prob-
lem in connection with them is to decide whether or no there is
one lacking between ICnktemon and Pliilippos. The ])resump-
tion that there is such a lacnna re-^ts upon the following statement
of Dioiiysius' : iirii 8' avay kum tt^o? ravra 17 twc ^p6v(ov Stayfoifris, tous
' Xdi'ivrjcnv ap^<i.VTa<i aifi' ov ^iivap^ov xnrtBip.tda ytyovlvai ^pi'tvov^, fifXP^
T^S 8n0u(Tri<; (iiiTo), p.iTa Tr)v (fyvyriv, khOoSov, yevofiivovi ifSSofii'iKovTa, irpo-
6t'i(ri}fxtv, whereas in the list which follows, as preserved in the
MSS., only sixty -eight names are found. There is ample evi-
dence that one, Hegesias (324/3 IJC), was lost in the tradition
of the MSS. and critics have thouglit that the .second had in the
same way dropped out of its position immediately before Olympi-
odoros or Philippos.^
If there is really a vacancy all will now admit that it must oc-
cur between Euktemon and Philippos ; for this is the only group
of archons whose sequence is not established by corroborative tes-
»DeDinarcho, IX. ^ XX, 45(1. ^ Milth. XXII ( 1S97), p. 1831!. M. c.
•'The evidence of C.I.G. 6084 can in no way help to a decision in this mat.
ter. If it is spurious, as Wilaniowitz and Droysen suppose, it is of course
valueless. If it is genuine, as Franz, Mominseii, Kaibel, and Schtschouka-
reff think, it can seemingly be made to ascribe Philippos to 293/2 B.C. as
easily as to any other year ; cf. Berl. Phil. Woch. XI ( 1S91 ), p. 147 ; Mitth.
XXII (1897), p. 2oof. vSchubert's view (Hermes, X (1S76), p. 447ff.) that
Diokles was archon in 301/0 B.C. and that this is the missing name in Dio-
iiysius' li.st needs now only to be stated to be rejected ; see the three consec-
utive inscriptions published as C.I. A. IV 2, 61 ib.
The Athenian Archons.
i
timony. In close connection has to be considered the fact that in
C.I. A, IT, 299 and in IV 2, 299c, Nikias, one of the group in
question, is called archon varepoi. If Nikias was a 'suffectus',
was Antiphates, who immediately precedes him in the list, his
predecessor in office for the same year ? If he was, two names are
wanting ; if he was not, why is the archon suffectus and not the
regularly appointed magistrate mentioned bj' Dionysius ?
A very plausible explanation of the difficulty raised by the
absence of a name in Dionysius' list is that suggested by
Wilamowitz,' further worked out by Schtschoukareff,* and
accepted by Schoeffer.^ According to this the error was made
by Dionysiup himself. In De Dinarcho II we are told that after
the death of Demosthenes Deinarchos spent fifteen years in Athens
writing speeches, and fifteen years at Chalcis in exile. Anaxi-
krates was the last archon in the period of his forensic activity,
and also the first archon in that of his exile. By taking Archip-
pos (321/0 B.C.) as our first archon, and by counting Anaxi-
krates (307/6 B.C.) twice, as Dionysius does, we can get an ap-
parent total of thirty years between the death of Demosthenes and
the archonship of Philippos in 293/2 B.C. By adding this thirty
to the forty which fall between the birth of Deinarchos (361/0
B.C.) and Archippos, Dionysius made his total of seventy. Such
a blunder could occur very easily because of the fact that the
Greeks in calculating the number of years in a given period in-
cluded both extremes.
In regard to the second difficulty it is now certain that be-
tween Euktemon and Nikostratos only three years intervene.* For
each of these three years moreover there is an archon in Dionysi-
us' list and there is no reason for supposing that there ever were
more than three ; since the epithet iJo-rtpos,' though it may be dif-
ferently explained, does not mean that Nikias was the second per-
son to hold the archonship in that year. He either had no prede-
cessor at all, as seems to me demonstrable, or was re-appointed at
'Phil. Unter. IV (1881), p. 24of. »Ath. Archons of the 3d Cent. B.C.
(1889), p. 3iff. 'Berl. Phil. Woch. XI (1891), p. i47f!.
♦Cornell Studies, VII (1898), p. 50; cf. A J. P. XIX (1898), p. 314.
*Phil. XXXVIII (1879), p. 44sf. ; Phil. Unter. IV (1881), p. 237ff.
I>i
the fact that in
f the group in
i a 'suffectus',
" the list, his
two names are
lis and not the
'.sins ?
raised by the
suggested by
ukarefF/ and
"or was made
■old tliat after
arsin Atliens
^'le, Anaxi-
"sic activity,
^iiig Archip-
ting Anaxi-
' get an ap-
asthenes and
S this thirty
rchos (361/0
enty. Such
ict that the
" period in-
" that be-
-vene.* For
in Dionysi-
! ever were
"ay be dif-
second per-
i "o prede-
>pointed at
Cent. B.C.
^). P- 314.
7ff.
joj!6-2pjl2 Before Christ. 3
the end of the six months' term to which Lachares is supposed in
296/5 B.C. to have limited the tenure of oifice. There is no clearer
evidence needed that Nikias was the recognized eponymos for his
year than the fact that, when in 282/1 B.C. another Nikias be-
came archoii, the deme-name of this second individual was offici-
ally added to his surname.
Between Antiphates and Nikias I have indicated a period of
dmpxta. Its duration coincides with that of the tyranny of La-
chares, which seems to nie to be correctly placed before the ' later
archonship ' of Nikias. That Lachares was a genuine tyrant who
overthrew the magistracies and legislative bodies and was not a con-
stitutional reformer can now, I think, be proved conclusively.
The tyranny began in the winter of 297/6 B.C. and continued un-
til the month of Elaphebolion' in the year 296/5 B.C. It included
the last half of the archonship of Antiphates and the first eight
months of Nikias' year. This view is based upon the following
construction of the pertinent material :
In the winter of 297/6 B.C. Lachares, the dominant politician
of Athens, at the instigation' of Kassandros, King of Macedon, at-
tempted to make him.self tyrant of the state. While the internal
strife which followed was .still raging, Demetrios Poliorketes, who
had shortly before destroyed the city of Samaria,^ heard of it,* and
thinking, because Kassandros was now dead,** the time all the
more opportune for regaining his hold on Athens he crossed the
Aegean with nis fleet in the spring of 296 B.C." However, having
'Unger, Phil. XXXVIII (1879), p. 446; Droysen, Gesch. d. Hell. IP, 2,
P- 394.
» Pans. I, 25, 7 ; cf. Pohlmann, MuUer Handb. Ill, p. 445.
»Euseb. ed. Schoene II, p. 118; cf. Droysen, Gesch. II», 2, p. 243, n 2
♦ Phit. Demet. XXXIL. . 4 ff.
5 Nineteen years from the accession of Kassandros, in the spring of 316-5
B.C., (Diod. XIX, 50, 51 ) take us to the .spring of 297-6 B.C. It is unlikely
that the chronographers who give us months in other cases here used a
round number.
*If the • four-years war ' occurred in the years 306-302 B.C., as Ladek
(Wien. Stud. XIII (1891), p. in ff.) has made probable, there is no longer
any reason to fix with Droysen (Gesch. I^^ 2, p. 247) Demetrios' voyage in
298 B.C. ; cf. also Wachsmuth, Die vStadt Athen, I, p. 615, n. 2 ; Schubert,
Hermes, X (1876), p. in ff. ; Wilhelm, Gott. gel. Anz. 1898, p. 222 ; Unger
Phil. XXXVIII ( 1879), p. 477 ff. and esp. p. 479.
4 The Athenian Afchons.
lost most of his sliips in a storm off the coast of Attica, he was un-
able to effect anytliing ogaiiist the city for the moment. He
therefore proceeded into the Peloponnese to which his possession
of Megara and Corinth ga\e him ready access, and while his offi-
cers were getting together a new fleet, passed the sunnner in vari-
ous military enterprises before Messene and elsewhere. It was
prol)at)ly in the same fall that accompanied by the ships already
collected he made his second attack on Attica. His fleet seized
Aegina and Salamis' and cut off all approach to Athens by sea,
while his land force, using as its bases tlie two captured villages
Eleusis and Rhamnus, did the same by land.
Lachares, now firmly established as tyrant, made a lor.g and vig-
orous defense, but was hampered by the machinations of a party
within the city'' which preferred a Macedonian king to an Athe-
nian tyrant. A reign of terror ensued, and pul)lic sentiment,
.shocked l)y such acts as the application of the gold from Athena's
statue-' to what were regarded as party purposes, was before spring
came already in favor of Demetrios. The clo.seness of the l)lock-
ade' made the entrance of provisions impossible, and as a restilt
extreme need prevailed in the city. Accordingly when the hope
of relief which Ptolemy's fleet^ brouglit with it, had to be aban-
doned on the appearance of the rest of Demetrios' .ships from Cy-
prus and the Peloponnese, Lachares, disguising himself in coun-
tryman's clothing, made his escape from the city. Thereupon
the Athenians threw open their gates to ' the l:)esieger ', and .sent
an embassy" to arrange terms with him. Tlie entrance of Deme-
trios marked the restoration of the democracy ; for amidst the
plaudits of the assembled citizens their 'deliverer' bade them
revert to the magistracies' so dear to them. This was done in the
' Polyaen. IV, 7, 5.
'Ibid.
3 Pans. I, 25, 7 ; Athen. IX, 70 ; Pint. Is. et Osir. 71.
<See Plut. Demet. XXXIII and XXXIV, for a sketch ot the .siege.
*As it was in the year 295 B.C. (Velleiu.s Paterculus, I, 14, 6, and
Mommsen, C.I.L. I, p. 517) that T'vrrhos came from Egypt and became
King of Kpirus, it may very well h...e been, as Droysen supposes, that he
made the voyage with this fleet.
«Cf. C.I.A. II, 300.
' Plutarch says : KarivT-qaev dpx<is, ai fidXiffra t<|3 S^jtiy irpoo-^iXers ^aav.
#>
i-
t
joyi6-2pjl2 Before Christ. 5
latter part of 296/5 B.C./ and the arclioii appointed for the remain-
der of the year was Nikias uorepos. When in 319/8 B.C. the oli-
garchy was overthrown, it is generally agreed that, at the
apX'upe<TM which then was held, the arclion Apollodoros was re-
elected. Had the same been trne of Nikias, we shonld have ex-
pected Nikias Sfure/io? j nst as we find ApoUodoros 8ei;T£pos.'^
The chronological re([nireinents of our anthorities seem to
me to be best met, if we ascrilie the death of Kassandros to
the spring of 297/6 B.C.,^ give to Philippos his oldest son
a reign of twelve months, fix the mnrder of Alexandros, the
flight of Antipatros, and the accession of Demelrios two years
and six months later* in the latter part of 294/3 B.C.'' and
set down the final expulsion of Demetrios from Macedon to the
end of 288/7 B.C." According to these calculations, there fall
about two years between the capture of Athens and the occupa-
tion of the throne of Macedon by Demetrios — a time none too long
for his stay in Athens, his two battles with the Spartan King,' his
siege of Argos," his advance into Macedon, his subsequent retreat
to Lari.ssa, and his final entrance into the Macedonian capital. It
is true that Plutarch represents this interval as somewhat shorter ;'
but surely it may be allowed to him to illustrate his thesis that
Demetrios' Tyche took delight in sudden reversals by grouping
his success at Athens and Sparta, his lo.s.ses in Asia Minor and
Cyprus, and his subsecpient advancement to the throne of Mace-
»C.I.A. II, 299; IV 2, 2990; cf. Unjrer, Pliil. XXXVIII (1S79), p. 446.
' C.I. A. II Add. 299 b ; IV 2, 299 c ; cf. Pauly-Wissowa, s. v. ApoUodoros.
3 Clinton, F. H. II, App, 4, p. 291; Dillenberger, Hermes, II (1867),
p. 293.
* Kuseb. I, p. 232, 241 ; there is another tradition which gives to Philippos
four months only ; see Kus=?b. I, p. 245 and 241.
* Euseb. I, p. 232 and 234.
* After a reign of 7 years according to Plut. Deniet. XLIV, 6 years and 6
months according to Euseb. I, p. 241 and 245, 6 years according to Euseb.
I, p. 233 and 241.
7 Pint. Demet. XXXV.
" Athen. X, 415 a ; cf. Niese, Gescli. d. griech. u. mak. Staaten, I, p. 363.
9 In Plutarch's life of Pyrrhos, ch. 5 ff, no difficulty is experienced if we
assume that two years intervene between Pyrrhos' accession to the throne of
Epirus and the death of Alexandros.
77/1? Athenian Archons.
donia.' I therefore cannot a,i;ree with Wilaniowitz' in making the
beginning of Lachares' tyranny fall six months before the extra-
ordinary election of archon and prytanies in what, according to
his hypothesis, is the middle of 296/5 B.C. Lachares did not
double the number of office holders for each year : he dispensed
with magistrates altogether.
§ 2. Lysias'' and Kimon.^ 292/1-291/0 B.C.
The reasons for assigning L,ysias and Kimon to 292/1 and 291/0
B.C. are cogent. From C.I. A. IV 2, 614 b we learn tliat in the
archonships of Lysias, Kinion, and [Diokle.s]' the Athenians main-
tained garrisons of citizens and mercenaries at Kleusis, Phyle,
and Panakton to protect their territory against enemies," who
•Plutarch is notorious for his neglect of chronology; Unger (Phil.
XXXVIII (1879), p. 473) refers to his " fliichtige gegen die chronologic
gleichgiillige weise" ; Holm (ET. IV, p. 201) says that " Plutarch pays no
heed to chronology"; cf. Thirlwall's pertinent remark in his Hist, of
Greece, VIII, p. 18, n. i.
'Phil. Unter. IV (18S1), p. 199 ff. and p. 237 ff. ; Wilamowitz's view is
based upon the supposition that Lachares was merely a constitutional re-
former (cf. Holm, ET. IV, p. sO- It can only be held if the evidence
of Pausanias is rejected (Phil. Unter. IV, p. 240). It makes the unwar-
ranted assumption, against which the chronology of the year 319-8 B.C.
protests, that Gamelion not Elaphebolion divided the year 296-5 B.C. into
two parts, and finds its only confirmation in a forced interpretation of C.I. A.
II, 331, 1. 21 if. ; .see Hauvette-Besnault, Les Strateges Atheniens (1885), p.
i65"ff.=Unger, Phil. Suppl. V (1889), p. 685 ff. Unger's hypothesis (Phil.
XXXVIII (1879), p. 455 ff.), that Plutarch confuses two distinct conquests
of Athens by Demetrios which he thinks took place, one in 295 B.C., and
the other in 294 B.C., is unproven and unnecessary.
"CI. A. IV 2, 614b, 1. 57.
*C.I.A. II, 331, 1. 31 ; IV 2, 614 b, 1. 60 ; the name Kimon appears also as
a restoration in C.I.A. II, 330, but there it is certainly wrong ; see below,
\ 26.
* Demetrios' war with the Aetolians came to an end in 289-8 B.C. probably,
(see Pohlmann, Miiller Handb. Ill, p. 445)- Because of it Demetrios
celebrated the Pythian games of 290-89 B.C. in Athens (Pint. Dcmet. XL),
and to it the ithyphallos embodied in Athenaeus (VI, 253) and quoted by
Wilamowitz (Phil. Unter. IV (1881), p. 241 ff.) undoubtedly has reference.
Athens had probably to defend her own territory while Demetrios was en-
gaged with his enterprises at Corcyra and Leucas ; see also C.I.A. II, 331, 1.
31 ff.
«Cf. Koehler's comment on C.I.A. IV 2, 514 b.
,1
2^2li-2gol8g Before Christ.
t
were at the same time hostile to the city's friend and ally Deme-
trios, King of Macedon. The two archon-names cannot fall
before 292/1 B.C. : there is at the utmost place for but one and
that only if Kimoii does not succeed Lysias directly.' The friend-
ship between Athens and Demetrios was at an end in 287/6 B.C.,
and in that year, Phila, Demetrios' queen, who at the time of this
in.scription is alive, was dead.' The years 290/89, 289/8, and
288/7 B.C. have their archons definitely fixed by the official order
of the tribes of the secretaries. 292/1 and 291/0 B.C. are therefore
the only years left for Lysias and Kimon.
§3. Dickies.' 290/89 B.C.
The deme of the .secretary* fixes the archon Diokles in 290/89
B.C., but even had this been w uiting, the following reasons might
have been urged^ for placing him in this year : : In the pseudo-
Plutarch* it is stated that Demochares, after having returned from
exile in Diokles' archonship, went on an embassy to Antipatros
and got from him twenty talents.' It is further stated by Euse-
biu.s" that Antipatros was put to death by Lysimachos of Thrace,
and by Justin" tliat this murder took place at the very time in
1 The only other possibility is that Philippos came between Lysias and
Kimon.
'C.I. A. IV 2, 614 b, 1. II ; Plut. Demet. XLV.
»C.I.A. II, 309 ; IV 2, 309 b, c ; [Phit.] X Orat. Vitae, p. 851 E.
* Cornell Studies, VII (1S98), p. 50.
»Unger (Phil. XXXVIII (1879), p. 477 ff. and Suppl. V (1889), p. 693),
Wilamowitz (Phil. Unter. IV (i88i),p, 241 If.), Ladek (Wiener Stiidien,
XIII (1891), p. 116 ff.), and Spangenberg (De Ath. institutis, etc., p. 30) put
Diokles in 290-89 B.C. Dittenberger (Hermes, II (1867), p. 305), Koehler
(C.I. A. II, 309 ; IV 2, 309 b), Schoeffer ( Pauly-Wissowa, II, p. 589), Droysen
(Gescli. IP, 2, p. 300, n. 2), Schmidt (Handb. d. Chron. p. 604), Dumont
(Essai, p. 118 and Pastes Epony. p. 55), and Meier? (Comment. Epig. p.
83) put him in 287-6 B.C. Schtschoukareff (Ath. Archons, p. 87 ff. ), and
Kirchner? (Indices to C.I. A. IV 2, p. 326) put him in 288-7 B.C. and
Schubert (Hermes, X (1876), p. 447 ff.) in 301-0 B.C.
«XOrat. Vitae, p. 851 E.
' Thirhvall, VIII, p. 1 1, n. i ; Droysen, IP, 2, p. 247, n. 3 ; Clinton F. H. II,
p. 465, n. t ; Ladek, Wiener Studieu, XIII, p. 120 f., and esp. Unger, Phil.
XXXVIII, p. 485 ff-
8 1, p. 232.
»XVI, 2, 2.
jummmnitiAiMXiiin
a
T/ie Athenian Archons.
which Pyiihos was driving Detnetrios from Macedonia. Now the
latest date for the expulsion of Detnetrios is tlie beginning of 287/6
B.C.' It is therefore impossible for Diokles to have been arclion
in 287/6 B.C. or in any subsequent year. On the other hand there
is no place for an archon before 290,89 B.C. 2. From C I. A. II,
309'^ we learn that in Diokles' archonship ':ertain Athenians or
friends of Athens at Delphi were harboured and saved from death
by an individual named Aischron. In close connection the TrvAa-
yopoi are mentioned. These deputies were sent by different states
to Delphi to attend the Amphictyonic Council only in the years
of the Pythian games. 290/89 B.C. was, therefore, the regular year
for the TTvXayo/oot to convene at Delphi, and the fact that Demetrios
had the Pythian games of 290/89 B.C. celebrated at Athens would
not have affected the place of the Amphictyonic meeting. The
fact that Athens was in this year at war with Delphi.'' and that
strong feeling must have been aroused by the di.sregard of prerog-
atives shown in the celebration of the Pythia at Athens, is on the
other hand precisely what is needed to explain the violence offered
to Athenian sympathizers on the occasion of the Amphictyonic
gathering.
It is no objection that in 290/89 B.C. Demetrios would have pre-
vented Demochares' return ; for in 293/2 B.C. he is known to have
granted just such a favor to a coiisiderable body of political oppo-
nents.* Nor has the contention of Koehler,^ that C.I. A. JV 2,
309 b makes 290/89 B.C. too early for Diokles, longer anj' weight
when we deny that the a(f>paKToi there mentioned are the ships of
war which in!287 B.C." attacked Demetrios' possessions in Greece.
' Unger, 1. c. p. 472 ff.
''C.I. A. II, 310 has an archoii — ros. The secretary was apparently
— epc[ p} aa- — . The only archon between 307-6 and 278-7 B.C.
whose name ends in — ros is Olympiodoros (294-3 B.C.).
»Plnt. Demet. XL ; cf. above p. 6.
*Dion. Hal. De Dinarcho, p. 651 (Reiske).
•^ Note to C.I.A. IV 2, 309 b.
« Plut. Demet. XLIV.
4*
L
r
28(^\8-287\6 Before Christ. 9
§ 4. Diotimos,' Isaios,' and Euthios.' 289/8-287/6 B.C.
Those who assi(j;ii Diokles to 287/6 B.C. give to Diotimos, Isa-
ios, and Enthios llie three ye<irs which follow, linger, Ladek,
Wilaniowitz, and Sclilschoukr\refF, who place Diokles a year or
more earlier, give 287/6, 286/5, '^"<^1 285/4 fi-^- to this group. The
denies of tlie secretaries demand for it 289/8, 288/7, ^^^'^ 287/6 B.C. ;
for the three naniL-s necessarily follow one another in the order
given, ^ and Lysimachos who was murdered in 281/0 B.C. was still
alive when Eutliios was archon, and Spartokos IV of Bosporos,
who died in 284/3 B.C.,' was still on the throne in Diotimos year ;
so that the group must belong to the secretary period 293/2-282/1
B.C., and this being tlie case, the years mentioned are alone pos-
sible for it. It is obvious that the liberation and recovery of the
city referred to in tlie decrees of Diotimos' and Kuthios' years can
in no way be identified with the expulsion of the Macedonian gar-
rison from the Museion hill in the year 287/6 B.C. The correct
interpretation of these references is suggested by C.I. A. II, 300.
Here phrases identical with those used in the decrees of Diotimos'
and Euthios' years occur. I give a collection of them for sake of
comparison :
C.I.A. II, 300(295/4 B.C. February).
[d7ro]<^ati/oiiTti/ 8' ahrov Kat [oi Trpea/Set? ot] vefupOivm virip t^s
ty.fj'qi'r]^ Trpos Toijv jSafTiXia Arjfxi^TpLov cr[m'ayo)i't(rao'^ajt toI 8»^/u.a) eis to
fTVVT[^€\c<T9!jvai Tr;i/] rt (ftiXiav Tijv Trpos Tov [/8a(nA.€a ^rjfiyjrp'lLov Koi ottojs
av 6 8)}/xo[s aTraWayec'?; To]v TroXtfiov rr/v Ta)(^L(TT[^r}V Kal Kop.icrdp.tjvo'i to
a<TTV "^ 8r}fji.0KpaT\_Lav i)(Oi aTroXa/S^tiiv.
•C.I.A. II, 3ri, 312, 313, Add. 313, 567 ; Usener, Epicurea, p. 133, 1. 15 ff.
"C.I.A. II, 314, 1. 39, 567, Add. Nova, 567b; Usener, Epicurea, p. 133,
1. 20 ff., p. 134, I. I. The first cited Epicurean fragment runs : eW lu]i7r€pov
[toi>s ^X^'*'']''''"^' (coTa[\]i/ei[i'] MaK£[56vas], ois T[6]r€ ^jr' ['lo-aj/ou 7/3(i[0ei]-.
In 288-7 B. C. the subject of revolt from Macedon was evidently being can-
vassed. Even Epicurus was interested.
^ C.I.A. II, 314, Add. 314 b ; IV 2, 314, 314 c.
♦See C.I.A. II, 567 and 314.
5 Died. XX, 100.
*The word used, iarv not 7r6Xts, is noteworthy; cf. C.I.A. II, 385, 1. 11,
379. 1- 15-
lO
The Athenian Archons.
C.I. A. IT. 311 (289/8 B.C. January).
[en Si Sn-dprJoKOs atftiKoixivr]'! Trpeo-^ti'as [wap' ' \Or)vaiu>v dfjoutras oTt
6 S^jotos KiA(o/LH(TT[ai TO doTu fTui'>/(r]^>; Tois eiTii;<>;/i(ifr[i] tou «5»;[/iou Kai Sc-
8wKiv (riVjow ^wpeov fivpiovi Kul 7rt[vruKi(T;^t\tovs |it]8ip,i'ous.
C.I. A. II, 312 (289/8 B.C. June).
e[7rtt]8^ 6 IlMovmv /3[tt(r]i\£us [A]i'8w[A«(u]i' ck tc tw;/ €/n[n']po(7d<
p^povox/ t[il|/]ovs iarlv tw 8>;/xu) to)[i] ' A6»;i'a[i Jwv ;^pti'as 7rap«;(o/xti'o[sJ
Kai <Tu[v]«pyu>i' €1? Tr)V e\evd«p[i]av Tfl [7r]oA,<i Kut KOjumifiivov '\_t^ov
8»//i[o]u TO arrru ■rrvdoft.ivo'i (ru[i'Jr;(r^>; t[o]is yiy(vr)fi(voi<: €VTV)(^fia(Ti
voixil^uiv ilvai Koivij/ KUL ai'T[w]i tjiv t^s 7roA.«tus (TOiTjjpiav , ''■ap[£ Jx£Tu[iJ
8« ;(p«ius K«t iSui Toi[s] T£ 8uiTpL^ov(nv ' A6r)viuu)v ■"'"[p]' eai^'of K'lt TOis
d<^"c»'ov)U.eVo[i]s «ts T^v \u>pav, B(8u>Ktv Si Koi [cr]i'[T]ou Soypiav to? oryjuu)
/u,«S(.'/oii'[ou]s tTTTaKio-i^iXtovs Kal 7r«»'ra[»<]o(rt'ov? MuKeSoi/ia? rots t8i'oi[s]
&vaXu)fxaaiv /caTaoTT^cras «ts [toJu? A(p.eVa$ Toiis t^s ttoAcws, e7r[aji'ytAA«rai
8f /cat «i? TO Aot7ro[i'J Trape^tfr^ai \piLa<; (Tvvipymv [«]t? TC tt/i/ tou Iletpateu);
K0/xi[8^]i' Ktti T^i/ T^s TrdAtws cAeu^ept [aji' dya^ci Tu\tt StSox^ui ktA.
C.I. A. II, 314 (287/6 B.C. August-September).
Kui KOfitaafiivov tov hrjfjLOv rrjv eKivOeptnv HiaTtT(\iKC Ac'ywv koi TrpaTTwv
TO. crvpiffiepovTa riX t^s TroAews a-uyrrjpia Kal TrapaKuXwv tov fiadiKia. (3or]6tlv
Koi y^prjfxacriv koX atVo) o^rws av Biafxevu 6 S^/xo; eAev^epos oji/ Kal tov
Iletpixia KOfiiarjrai Kul to. (fipovpia tjjv Ta^^LtTTrjV, Kal virtp TovTotv 7r[d]i'Ta)v
TToAAttKis iJ.€fiapTvpr]Ktv uvtoj o (3a<n\tvs Trpos Toii? 7r[p]etr|8«iioi'Tas
' A6r)vai<Dv n-pos euvToi/, Kat ;(CipoToi'[?j0et]s dyuvo^cVj/s «7rt 'laaiou dp;^oi/Tos
VTrr]Kov(Te[y tw SJjJ/xo) e^eAoi/T^s fKKTthv IBlwv tos tc 7raTpio[vs ^um'a]?
Idvcrev Tois ^eois vTrcp tou Stj/xov Kal Tr][y jf (8u)Kiv ttoxtlv ' AOrjvaioi^
Trdi'Tas Tou; T s, kui €7rt]^£T0v dyoJj'u KaT£(rK£uacr£i' T£r A7^|U.[7;Tpi Kai Trj
K.6prj]i [ttpJwtos VTr6ixv7)fJi.a Ttji tov hrjfiov [fAev^fpt'as] ktA.
It seems to me very clear that the phrases Ko/wio-d/x£vos to a<TTv,
oTi 6 8^p.o; KCKo/xto-Tai to acrTv, Kal KOfiiaa/jLevov tov Si^/xov to acTTV, Kal
KOfiKTafxevov tov 8i^/iov tyjv e\iv6tpLav, refer to one and the same inci-
dent. If that is so, the first occurrence of the phra.se in 295/4
B.C. precludes any possibility of its denoting that recovery of the
city which followed Demetrios' expulsion from Macedon. For in
295/4 B C, as the rest of C.I. A. II, 300 in itself shows, it was in
connection with the deliverance of the city from the tyranny of
lyachares that the words were used, and to this same deliverance
I
t.\
A)
ll
289\8-28j\6 Before Christ.
xz
llie decrees of Diotiiiios* and Euthios' arclionships also undoubt-
edly refer. It was in meinory of this deliverance too that in 288/7
B.C. Philippides, perhaps reminded by the tril)utes paid to the
slayers of Hipparchos,' Trpwros instituted a new contest in honor of
Demeter and Kore. The view of Wilaniovvitz' and Holm' is that
Lachares was a "much abused" man "who, when Demetrius
gained a footing in Attica and occupied Eleusis and Rhaninus.
made himself master of the city and was decried as a tyrant, partly
no doubt because he enforced strict discipline among the be-
.sieged ". In this view it is not easy to believe t'^at the citizens of
Athens, whose sturdy independence of character Holm rightly ad-
mires, when their fear of Demetrios was already much lessened,
still continued to look upon the expulsion of Lachares as a resto-
ration of their democratic liberties, a piece of good fortune for
which foreign kings might congratulate them, and a fit subject for
an opponent of Demetrios to commemorate with memorial games.
But on what is the Wilamov^ritz-Holm view based? Certainly
not on the literary tradition. As Wilamowitz himself .says "die
iiberlieffcrung iiber diesen mann ist .sich dariiber einig, dass er
ein scheusslicher tyrann war."* Polyaenus,^ Athenaeus," and
Plutarch' have nothing good to say for him, and Pausanias" terms
him rvpavvinv uiv iSfifv to. tc es dvdputirovi fid\t<TTa avrjfiepov Kal «s to 6ilov
aftteiBea-raTov. The unanimous testimony of the ancient writers has
been set aside, mainly because it was natural to suppose that the
Athenians made Lnchares the scapegoat to which to divert Deme-
trios' auger when he got control of their city after the long siege.
Thirlwall" and Droy-sen,'" however, have rightly held to the tra-
dition.
» See Diod. XX, 46 ; C.I. A. II, 300, 1. 39 f.
' Phil. Uiiter. IV, p. 199 f.
^ Hist, of Greece, ET. IV, pp. 51 and 77.
* Phil. Unter. IV, p. 237.
* Strateg. Ill, 7.
« IX, 70.
' Is. et 0.sir. 71.
'I. 25, 7; 29, 16.
"Hist, of Greece, VIII, p. 11 f.
"•Gesch. d. Hell. II», 2, p. 251.
12
The Athenian Archons.
Since tlierefore I/ichiires was such a cruel and detestable tyrant,
the Athenians, as Tlutniser says,' ' mnst have been };Iad to fall
into D^nietrios' hands for a third time '. It was uudoiiljledly politic
on their part to aclciiowledire Denietrios' claims to be their liberator.
I think however that we havu evidence in the ilecrees before ns of
such lasii.ij; satisfaction on the part ol the Athenians at the down-
fall of Lachares. that nothinj; short of the absolute destruction of
all the democratic forms of government pointed to by C.I. A. II,
299 could have been hi.s crime, and that only the ejjithets of I'au-
sanias can adequately characterize hisn.
I am convinced that Diltenlierj^er,'^ Thumser,'' Wilamowitz,*
Wachsmuth,'' and others are right in hoMing that C.I. A. II, 314,
1. 32ff. shows that in the middle of the third month of Kuthios'
year <> Ilapaifiis kui ra <f>povpiii. were not yet in the po.ssession of the
87/ios. Therefore it was not till after the month of August 287
B C. that tile Athenians under the command of Olympiodoros
diove the Macedonian garrison from the Mu.seion, and revolted
from Demetrios. And indeed an earlier date is haidly possible if
we pay any regard to Plutarch's narrative."
Had Kuthios been archon in 285/4 or 284/3 B.C., there must
have been Macedonian garri.sons in ' the Peiraieus and the forts'
for more than two or three years after the expul-iion of Demetrios
from Macedon. The difficulties of this supp()sitif)n were so palpa-
ble that Zink vainly denied the fact, and Koumanoudes placed
Euthios before 2S7/6 B.C.' The most apparent of those difiicul-
ties are :
I. Pausanias in speaking of the .storming of the Museion
says : ' A6rjvai fikv ovrua airo MuKcSovtuv ^\cvOepu)Or](Tav .** It waS
' Hermann, Lelirb. I", p. 776.
5 Hermes, H (1867), p. 285 ff.
' op. cil. p. 777.
* Phil. Unter. IV, p. 257.
* Die Stadt Atheii, I, p. 620, n. 2.
«Cf. Unger, Phil. XXXVHI (1879), p. 476.
' See Ditlenberger, Hermes, II ( 1867), p. 2S6 and 294.
* I, 26, 2; of course this expression may mean no more than the " Anti-
gonus Atheniensibus rursus dedit libertatem " used by Eusebius (II, p. i2o(
in reference to the events of 256 B.C.
• A
t •
4
2S9!S-2S'yl6 Before Christ.
13
..
.
i
^'
itideed a doubtful freedoiu that was theirs when the Peiraieus,
Muiiycliia, vSahiniis, Pauaktoti, Phyle,' Eleusis,'' etc., were held
by hoslik' iitid now agj^ravattd j^arrisoiis.
2. When Pyrrlios followed Denietrios into Greece in 287/6 B.C.
he forced him to abandon the siej^e of Athens l)y backinjr the sup-
plications of the philosopher Krales with his victorious army.
It is iiiconceivai)le that he should have made a triumphal entry
into the city without havinj; first driven the j;arrisons of Deme-
trios from Munychia and the Peiraieus. To be sure his advice
to the Athenians to receive no more kings within their gates
would have been under these circumstances anything but accept-
able.^'
3. The fact that not only the Peiraieus but also ra (jipovpia* were
not yet in tiie hands of the Athenians presents flifiiculties under the
current hypothesis. P\)r although both Plutarch and Pausanias are
unusually explicit in describing how it came about that Munychia,
the Museion, and Peiraieus were occupied,' we nave no knowledge
that Denietrios ever had garrisons in Attica in more than these
three places. As the Must-ion was recovered in 287/6 B.C., Mu-
ni'chia is alone left to be designated to. tftpovput. Nor can we sup-
pose wilh Wachsmuth" that Denietrios did occupy Salamis, Pa-
nakton, and Phyle, although no record of such an occupation is
extant ; for in the years 292/1, 291/0, and 290/89 B.C. we find not
Macedonian but Athenian garrisons in Panakton, Phyle, and Pileu-
sis.' That Ttt (^poupia meaii Munychia, Salamis, Sunion, etc., is
unlikely, and indeed that Denietrios put a garrison in Salamis or
Sunion, and left the other places unguarded, is as imjirobable as
it is unattested. When Antigonos Gonatas, at the termination of
the Chremonidean War, did garrison Salamis and Sunion, as
well as the Museion and Munychia, we have explicit testimony
to_the fact.**
' Wachsmuth, Die Stadt Athen, I, p. 620, n. i.
' Wilatnowitz, riiil. Uuter. IV, p. 255 f.
'Phit. I'yrrhos, XII ; cf. Unger, Phil. XXXVIII (1879), p. 476.
*See above, p. 10 ; cf. C.I. A. II, 3.35, 1. 11 ; IV 2, 591 b, 1. 8 f.
* Plut. Deniet. XXXIV ; Pau.s. I, 25, 7.
*Die vSladt Athen, I, p. 620, 11. i.
'C.I. A. IV 2, 614b.
« Paus. II, 8, 6 ; cf. Ill, 6, 6 ; C.I. A. IV 2, 591 b.
saa
14
The Athenian Archons.
4. Ill or shortly before the month of June of the year 286
or 285 B.C. (according to the current chronology) the gift of
corn from Audoleon, King of the Paconians, Wiis landed in the
harbours of the stated Of course it may be urged that the peace
made i)y Pyrrhos with Denietrios' stipulated for the Athenian.^
free use of the Peiraieus and Munychia for commercial purposes ;
but we have no evidence that the Athenians were parties to this
peace at all, and the least likely thing for a hostile garrison in the
Peiraieus to do, would be to admit provisions into the revolted
city. If the peace is held to have gained for Athens this privil-
ege, how did the gift of corn from Spartokos,^ which according to
the calculations of Unger* reached Athens long before the peace
was made, get access to the city and that without any apjiareiit
difficulty ? Or if this is thought to be dated by Unger, Wilamo-
witz, Ladek, Schtschoukareff, Spangeid^erg, and others a year too
early, how came it that a like facility of admittance was found for
the corn which the unprotected transport ships of Ptolemy*
brought in the first month of the year 287/6 B.C., according to the
chronology of Koehler, Schoeffer, Dittenberger, Droysen, and
others ? Before the storming of the Museion on the other hand,
garrisons in Munychia and the Peiraieus could have had no rea-
son for preventing the free entrance of provisions.
The following passage from Plutarch has been cited to prove
the continuation of Demetrios' garrisons in Athens after its re-
volt : o 8c ArjfjLT^Tpioi (V Trj Toiavrrj tiI^^j; ytyoi'ws (when made prison-
ers by Seleukos in 285 B.C.) cVt'o-TtiAe tois wtpl toi/ vlov Kal toTs ntpl
' AOi^vai Kal KopivOov ^y€fi6(Ti Kal <f>i\oi.<: /x»/t£ ypap-fiaaiv avrov fn^re
<T(^payihi. iruTTtxitLv, dA/v' mcrirep Tidvr]K6T0<; ' AvTiyoviu ras TrdAtis Kal ra
AotTTot Trpdyfiara Sia<f>v\dTTciv.^ The leaders of the pro-Demetrian
I ty at Athens may be all that is meant, or the ^ye/xoi/ts may
>C.I.A. II, 312.
■■•Plut. Pyrrho.s, XII; in May 286 B.C. according to Wilamowitz (Phil.
Unter. IV, p. 248).
'C.I.A. II, 311.
*Phil. XXXVIII (1879), P- 476.
* C.I. A. IV 2, 309 b ; in the fall of 286 B.C. Demetrios was still in control
of the sea (Plut. Demet. XL,VI).
• Plut. Demet. LI.
t
2S9l8-2fi7;6 Before Christ.
«5
have been at Corinth aiul the <^i'\oi at Athens. Ta« ^rd^«^« could
not inclncle Athens on any interpretation.
The situation at Alliens after 296/5 H.C. may l)e sninnied up as
follows: All parties rejoiced alike at their deliverance from the
oppression of Lachares," and with good reason, for the city was
promised, and we now know actually obtained, complete auton-
omy.' Few however l)(>re patiently the presi-nce of the garrisons
of Demetrios in Mnnychia and the Peiraiens. As a resnlt the
distinguished general Phaidros was sent on an embassy to De-
metrios' enenjy Ptolemy Lagos, ^ and an attack was actually
planned against the garrisoti in the Peiraiens, but treachery caused
it to fail.* The disclosure thereby made of the aims of the popu-
lar leaders probably had something to do with the returti in
293/2 B.C. of Deinarchos and the other aristocrats who had sup-
ported Demetrios of Phaleron,'* It may have been in consequence
of this attempt also that the Museion was garrisoned by De-
metrios." Then came the war with the Aetolians, during which
the Athenians defended their territory from pillaging expeditions'
by means of garrisons at Panakton, Phyle, and ICleusis." In 290/89
Demetrios came to Athens, was received with ostentations joy,
and celebrated the Pythian games there. In the .same year
Demochares his inveterate opponent returned from exile. A
vivid picture of the position and feelings of the Athenians during
this year and the two which follow is presented to us in the de-
crees." Demochares was closely in touch with the kings op-
po.sed to Demetrios, and had tiie people with him.'" He went in
* Pausanias (I, 25, 7) uses of this event the phrase At/ahJ^pios 5^ 4 ' kvrxribvov
Tvpdvvuv i\ev6epiii<Tas 'Adrjvalovi k^X.
' Cf. besides the decrees quoted in n. 9 below, the following passage from
C.I. A. II, 331, 1. 38 f. : Kal rriv Tr6\iv i\evd4pav Kal Sr)iJ,OKpaTovfit,ivrji/ airdvofiov
irapiduKtv Kal rods vh/xovi Kvplovs rott p.fO' ia,vr6v.
'C.I.A. 11,331. 1- 29.
* Paus. I, 29, 10; Polyaeu. V, 17.
''Dion. Hal. De Dinarcho, IX— p. 651.
•Paus. I, 25, 7.
' C.I.A. II, 331, 1. 35 ff. ; IV 2, 614 b, 1. 66 f.
' See above under Lysias.
»[Plut.] X Orat. Vitae, p. 851 D; C.I.A. 11,311,312,314; IV 2,309 b.
'" He probably received the office iwl tj) bioiidiati. and so was able to re-
trench the state expenses. The reason why he could hold this position and
ivi'"iii)iVf»iim.iia fei
■■•'♦
1
16
77^^ Athenian Archons.
person as ambassador to Lysimachos and Antipatros, and brought
home 150 talents of silver for the state. On his motion an em-
bassy went to Ptolemy and <^q\. 50 talents. In addition embassies
were sent to Pyrrhos' father-in-law, Audoleon Kins; of the Pae-
onians, and to Spartokos of Bithynia, and returned with gifts of
provisions and congratulations on their independence — an inde-
pendence to be sure with wliich it was not inconsistent for King
Audoleon to ])romise that he koi et's to Aot7ro[i/] vapi^eirOai ;(p£tas
crvvif)yu>i' [e]is t£ ttjv tov Ilctpiitetos KC/xi[Sr;Ji' Kal rrju t^s ttoAcws
i\tv6ipilii^v. Wilamowitz. remarks: " miissen doch bedeutendere
geldmiltel und ein ziemlich dL:rchdachter plan vorgelegen liaben,
als im .sommer 287 die nachricht von dem sturz des Demetrios
nach Athen kani und ein .sofortiges aufflammen der emporung
zur folge hatte." ' Of these we now have plenty of evidence.
Meanwhile the soldiers in tlie garrisons either did not attempt,
or did not suffice to intimidate the people. The disaffection with
Demetrios, which so signally manifested itself among the Mace-
donian troops when Pyrrhos invaded their country in 288/7 B.C.,
was also prevalent among the men in garrison at Athens. Indeed
Strombichos, one of the two captains, was on intimate terms with
the Athenians, and when the citizens rose in arms under Oh'ui-
jiiodoros in 287/6 B.C., he deserted his fellow leader Spintharos and
aided in the storming of the Museion.'' The apathetic attitude of
the gfirri.sons' and the ab.sence of Demetrio.s* explain the apparent
boldness of the Athenians in carrying on negotiations with
3'et a,pxT)v ovdefiiap Apx^i" KaraXeXi/Kiros tov dy'i/xov is .imply that the democracy
was between 296-5 and 2S7-6 B.C. completely in control of the governmeiit.
' Phil. Unter. IV, p. 205 ; cf. Unger, Phil. XXXVIII (1879^ p. 484 IT.
^C.I.A. 11,317.
^Cf. the expression nsed in C.I. A. IV 2. 371 c, 1. 12 (246-4 B.C.) : [(c]a2
IMvelav dtaTer^lX^eKtv ( 'ApurrA/iaxos ) 7ro[ioi/];uei'os 7re[pi rijs i^\tv[^O^fplas [r]oO
S'nfjLov Tr]v a.picT\^Tri']v ifx wavrll KOipv], The garrisons in the Peiraiens.,
Salainis, Mnnychia, and Snnioii did not succeed, at this time even, in
stifling the expression of their desire for liberly. N(.)r did they pre ent the
Athenians from negotiating with .\ttalos I in 237-6 (C.I. A. II, 384), and
with Ptolemy III in 234-3 (C.I..\. H, 381), and in 23;> i P.C. ('E<^. 'Apx.
1897, ]). 42 ff., no. 13), both enemies of the Macedonian King.
' It has leen thought, on the basis of Plutarch, Deniet. XLII, that Deme-
trios was never in Athens after 290-89 B.C..
1
^^d/5 Before Christ.
^7
Ptolemy and Lysimachos. It is noteworthy, however, that in
none of the decrees of tlie years 290/89 and 289/8 B.C. is there the
slightest reference to Demetrius. It is only in Aug. -Sept. of
287/6 B. C. , after the expulsion of Demetrios from Macedon and
before he had gathered his forces together again, that the Atheni-
ans refer to him in terms that might be thought at all uncompli-
mtntary.' At the time at which the Museion was stormed, De-
metrios was again formidable. He at once moved into Attica to
support his garrisons in Munychia and the Peiraieus, but the ad-
vent of Pyrrhos with his powerful army forced him to retreat. It
was most probably at this time that he withdrew such of his troops
as remained loyal to him at Athens ; for to leave them there, be-
tween the citizens on the one hand and Pyrrhos on the other,
would have been only to sacrifice them. We have sufficient
proof that these places were evacuated. Otherwi.se the capture of
Munychia and the Peiraieus, not that of the Museion alone,
would have been cited in the list of Olympiodoros' achievements.
The most noteworthy service too, which Strombichos rendered to
the city — indeed the only one singled out for specific commenda-
tion — was his assistance in storming the Museion. Had Muny-
chia and the Peiraieus been taken by force that fact would surely
have been mentioned in our decrees^ of the year 282/1 B.C.
§5. Xenophon.' 286/5 B.C.
In C.I. A. II, 331, 1. 3off. we read as follows: \upcnovr]Bu<i h\
(^aiSpos) VTTO Tov Sr]ixov fVt to. oirXa (TTpaTr]yo<: tov ivtavrov tov ctti
Kt/xctfvos apxovTOi 8i«T€'A.e(Tev dy(oi/t^OjU,£vos virep rrji KOivrj^ trwrr^ptas kol
TTipiVTavTOiv Ttl TToAei Kaipi!}v SvctkoXwv Su^iJAa^ev tijv eipr'ivyjv rrj X'^P?
aTTOc^atvo/xevos det to. KpaTiara, Kal tov (tuov ck t^s X^P"-'' ''*'
Tovs aWot'S KajoTToii? atVios eyivcTO eicKO/xicr^^i'ai (rvfi^ovXeva-a^ to?
Srjixm (TvvTfXecrai. (erasure of C. 38 letters) kuI rr]v toXiv i\€v6epav Kal
Br]iJLOKpaTOVfji.ivr]v avTovo/xov TruptStoKCi/ Kal tov^ vcp.ovi Kvpiov<; rots fitd'
favTov (erasure of c. 51 letters) SureXccre koI Ae'ywv koL TrpctTTwv ayu66v
o Ti ^Bvvaro vnip tov Stjixov (erasure of c. 71 letters) ^"poTOvij^eis eVi
'C.I.A. 11,314.
^C.I.A. 11,317,318.
»C.I.A. II, 331,1. 45.
a^iijmmiy m
i8
The Athenian Archons.
TO oTrXa irpwTOS viro tov 8i)/xou (tt par-qyot tov «viavTov Tov cttI H£VO</>wvtos
apxovTO<i 8i£T£X«o-£ TravTa irpaTTUiv aKokovdm toTs re vo/iiois kul tois t^s
jSovA^s Kttc ToD StJ/aov tj/rj(f>L<Tfia(nv (erasure of 4 or 5 lines) koI ayovo-
6(^i)Trfi Xti'POTOvrjOtU iiiro tov Brjiiov iirl NtKt'ov apxovTO^ incfitki^dr} ktX.
The secretary for Xenoplion's archonship is unknown. It is
evident, however, that Xenophon must fall between Kimon
(291/0 B.C.) and Nikias (282/1 B.C.). This being the case, only
286/5 and 284/3 B.C. are possible for him. After Srjfiov in the tenth
line of the above quotation there was some reference to the King of
Macedon, as the excision of the passage shows. The erasure after
tavToV is of like significance.' Between 291/0 and 283/2 B.C. we
know ofonly one year, 287/6 B.C., in which events, of sufficientim-
portance to mark it as the la.st of an era, and likely to involve the
Athenians with the Macedonian King, took place. The impor-
tant point, as Dittenberger has already seen,' is that Phaidros was
the first person to be chosen general eVi ra oTrAa after the year in
which these events took place. 286/5 B.C. is therefore to be pre-
ferred for Xenophon.
§ 6. Urios.'' 285/4 B.C.
The secretary furnished by C.I. A. IV 2, 345 c* belongs to the
tribe Kekropis. The general determination of the date on the
basis of the lettering and the fact that his year precedes the death
of Epicurus in 271/0 B.C. limit this archon to the two years 285/4
and 273/2 B.C. That the earlier date is to be preferred is clear
from the following statement in Philodemos :' inl 8' 'laaiov (288/7
B.C.) Kat yiypa^^ev (Epicurus) ....vcv i(T... [cVi] B' Oi[p]/ov
1 The friendship between Athens and Antigonos Gonatas at the time this
decree was passed (c. 273 B.C.) led to the insertion of many passages,
which in 200 B.C. the state, in its anger at the house of PhiUp, excised.
"Sylloge, 162, note 16.
» C.I. A. IV 2, 345 c ; Usener, Epicurea, p. 134, note on 1. 2. The restora-
tion ' Euthios ' is incorrect.
♦ Here we learn that the people of Tenos in 2S5-4 B.C. renewed their fore-
time intimacy with the Athenians.
^ npaynareiai, Vol. Hercul.' I, 129; cf. Usener, 1. c. Joh. E. Kirchner
(Rhein. Mas. LUI (1898), p. 386 f.) on the evidence of Philodemos alone
assigns Urios to either 284-3 or 283-2 B.C. See also Unger, Phil. XXXVIII
(1879), p. 465. and Gomperz, Hermes, V (1871), p. 395.
2Sjj^-2S^lJ Before Christ.
19
Aeoira 7rpoypai/'a[i/]r£s, TraAi[>'] Se Kai 'ETTiKoupos [vrpos] Mt^/o^v. The
conjunction of Urios and Isaios is not the only indication of date.
The mention of the name Mithras is also significant.' As a result
of a correspondence carried on with this individual it was, says
D" genes Laettius,^ maliciously asserted of Kpicurus that he
'' MiOprjv al(T)(p!jj<i KoXay.iviiv Tov Av<nixd\ov SioiKrfTr^v , iv rais iviaroXaXi
iraiava Koi avaKva KaXovvra." Obviously had these letters been writ-
ten after the murder of Lysimachos in 281/0 B.C. there would have
been no occasion for the accusation that he paid shameless court
to a king's favourite.
§ 7. Telokles.' 284/3 B.C.
The approximate date of this archon is indicated by the fact
that NtKOKpaTTjs 'Apxefxdxov ^r)yatev<!, who was a senator in Telokles'
year, made a motion at an assembly of (^vAcVai in I;;aios' year
(288/7 B.C.).* If Gomperz has correctly restored the following
Philodemos fragment,^ Telokles must be assigned to 284/3 B.C. :
Kal TO TTpbt Mt'[^/)av] tVt Tj;[A.o]KA[e ]ous. A letter from Epicurus to
Mithras cannot well he dated later than 281/0 B.C. and before that
year 284/3 B.C. is alone unoccupied. In place of Mi[6pai'], how-
ever, Usener writes Mpi-]." Mus was a slave of Epicurus and sur-
vived his master.' Accordingly on the basis of the Philodemos'
fragment we cannot do more than say that Telokles was archon
in one of the vacant years be^'ore 271/0 B.C. But C.I. A. IV 2,
318 c enables us to define him with greater exactness. Foucart,
whom Koehler follows," dates this v^ecree in Telokles' archonship.
I
* Pint. Adv. Colot. 33, 2 ; non posse suaviter vivi, 15, 15 ; Diog. Laert.
II, 102 ; X, 4 and 28 ; cf. Huebner, Diog. Laert. IV, p. 507.
' X, 4.
'C.I. A. IV 2, 318 c (Wilhelm has made some further, as yet unpublished,
additions to this in.scription) ; Add. 318 c; II, 1158; Philodemos, quoted
by Gomperz, Z. f. o. G. XVII (1866), p. 694, and by Usener, Epicurea,
P- 134.
*C.I.A. II, 1158 (Koehler'snote), 567.
*Z. f. 6. G. XVII (1866), p. 694.
* Epicurea, p. 134.
'Diog. Laert. X, 3, 10; Gell. N. A. II, 18 ; Macrob. Sat. I, ir, 42.
*C.I.A. IV 2 Add. 318 c, p. 296. This is the weakest point: it is not
certain that Telokles should be restored in C.I. A. IV 2, 318 c.
20
The Athenian Archons.
Assuming tliis to be c(M'rect, then Telokles must have been archon
before 280 B.C., i.e., befoie the death of Seleukos Nikator ; for iu
his archoushio an Athenian, Komeas l)y name, went on an em-
ha.ssy to the kins; on behalf of the Kleruelis of Lemnos.' But on
the testimony of Pliylarchos,'' Koehler detei mines that until the
battle o'i Korupedion the island of Lemnos was under the thumb
of Lysi machos, and could therefore have sent an ambassador to
Seleukos only in the year 281 B.C.' Telokles, however, cannot
have been archon in any year between 283/2 and 278/7 B.C., nor
can C.I. A. IV 2, 318c have been passed in 28i'o B.C. ; for the
secretary in 281 o B.C. h id in his name twenty-six letters,' where-
as in C.I. A. IV 2, 318c the name of the secretary occupied only
twenty-one spaces. Moreover at the time the decree was passed
the Athenians had control of the island of Lemnos. By them the
decree of the Kleruelis had to be ratified and, as during the fourth
century, an Athenian hipparch was stalioned there. It was a.s
representative of Athenian interests con.sequently that the hip-
parch Komeas negotiated with King Seleukos. This certainly
does not accord with the situation at Lemnos when Seleukos
intervened in or about 281 B.C. From 281 until 229 B.C.
Lemnos re'.nained independent of Athens.' Only i)efore Lysi-
machos got possession of the island can we explain the circum-
stances under which our decree was pa.ssed. Unfortunately we
do not know when this happened, nor do we know when the
Athenians recovered Lemnos after they lost it in 317 B.C. Koeh-
ler, with much probability, concludes that it was in 307/6 B.C."
Whether it remained with Athens between 296/5 and 287/6 B.C.
is unknown. At any rate there is a strong probability that, when
in 285/4 I^C- the people of Tenos were re-admitted to the right of
' C.I. A. IV 2, 318 c, frg. d, 1. 22 ff.
i'Athen. VI, 254 f.
»NotetoC.I.A. IV2, 318 c.
* C.I. A. IV 2, 331 b, and below p. 22, ^ 9.
" Athen. VI, 254 f. ; for the history of Lemnos see Koehler, Mitth. I
(1876), p. 261 ff.
"Cf. C.I. A. II, 284, and 268 which Wilhelm (Jahreshefte d. o. arch. In.stit.
in Wien, I (1898), Beiblatt Sp. 47), joins with C.I. A. IV 2, 264 c.
.,1
28ji2--2S2li Be/ore Christ.
21
i'croT«A.«a with Athens,' L,cmno,s was alrcadj^ Athenian. Nothing
therefore stands in the way of our ascribing Telokles to 284/3
B.C., to which year hi; must belong if he precedes 280 B.C.
§ 8. Menekles- and Nikias 'Orpweu's.^ 283/2-282/1 B.C.
C.I. A. II, 316, 1. 7 f. shows that Menekles immediately pre-
ceded Nikias 'Orpvvtv%. Under the latter of the two were passed
C.I. A. II, 317 and 318. These contain references to the
storming of the Museion, and were passed during the lifetime of
Strombichos, one of Denietrios' captains in Athens between
296/5 and 287/6 B.C. The secretaries for both these archons are
known and give us as po.ssibilities 283/2, 282/1 B.C. and 259/8,
258/7 B.C.^ Between these the evidence of C.I. A. II, 317 and
31 8 can leave us no choice whatever ; for it is utterly inconceiva-
ble that 29 years elapsed between the rendering of the services hy
Strombichos and the passing of these decrees commending them.
Moreover in C.I. A. II, 316, 1. 12 it is stated tint the Athenian
ephebes garrisoned the Museion during Menekles' year\ whereas
we know" that in 259/8 B.C. the Museion was in the possession
of the soldiers of Antigonos Gonatas. Further it is asserted by
Wilamowitz' that the peculiar angular lettering of the decrees of
these two arclionships is shared by C.I. A. II, 320. Hence he
concludes that C.I. A. II, 320 belongs to cue of these two years.
'J'his decree, however, is a Ix-'Slowai of citizenship on Bithys** a
courtier of King Lysimachos and hence was passed prior to 281/0
B.C."
' C.I. A. IV 2, 345 c ; cf. above p. 29, n. 4.
^C.I.A. 11,315,316; IV 2, 614 c.
'C.I. A. II, 316, 317, 31S, 331, 1. 53 f., 614, 1. 6, 1291 ; IV 2, 318b.
* 271-0 and 270-69 B.C. are excluded because 271-0 B.C. is already occu-
pied by Pytharatos ; see below p. 44. 247-6 and 246-5 B. C. are altogether
out of the question.
* For another reference (?) to the war which took place in this year see C.
I. A. II, 341, 1. 15. A garrison of Athenians was also stationed at Eleusis ; see
C.I. A. IV 2, 614 c. Antigonos Gonatas was probably concerned in it ; see
C.I.A. II, 33i-1.47ff.
"Paus. II, 8, 6; III, 6, 6; Euseb. II, p. 120; cf. Gilber'., Gk. Const.
Antiq. ET. p. 161 and n. 4 ; Holm, ET. IV, p. 199 and p. 207 ff.
' Phil. Unter. IV, p. 246 ; cf. Ditt. Syll. 144, note i.
"Athcn. VI, 49; XIV, 3.
'See also below 'i 16.
[7a#bK£^nr«^UEi^^>iwft'H«.
.'KnHT^utuA'.s a>kiH'(s .siri'a
^M.i:':!^x:^.mm-.\tm:t!:%.m^m'^^:mm^tm<'^m
22
T/ie Athenian Archons.
§ 9. Aristonymos.' 281/0 B.C.
An epistle of Kpicurus i:; dated in Aristonymos' archouship.
Since Epicurus died in 271/0 B.C., and thesecretary for Aristony-
mos' year belongs to the iribe Antigonis, Aristonymos must have
been archon in 281/0 B.C. This is the name therefore that njust
be restored in the preamble of C.I. A. II, 614 ; for this decree was
pas.sed in the archonship of Nikias' successor.
§ 10. Gorgias.' 280/79 B.C.
Plutarch places Gorgias in the tenth year before Pytliaratos,
i.e., before 271/0 B.C.'' His year is therefore 280/79 B.C.
§11. Anaxikrates* and Demokles.'^ 279/8-278/7 B.C.
Tiiese archons are dated by Pau.sanias in the second and thiid
years respectively of the i2.f,th olympiad, i.e., in 279/8 and 278/7
B.C. The statement of D'ogenes Laertius that Metrodoros' death
occurred .seven years before that of his master Epicurus
(271/0 B.C.), when supplemented by the testimony of Philodemos
that Metrodoros died in Demokies' archonship, vouches for the
correctne.ss of Pausanias' assertion.
§ 12. (.)... laios." 277/6 B.C.?
A letter was written by Epicurus in tins archonship. It there-
fore belongs .somewhere between 278/7 and 271/0 B.C.
§ 13. Kleomachos.' 276/5 B.C. ?
At the time of Kleomachos' archonship the tribe Ptolemaishad
not yet been created. The possibilities allowed by the secretary's
tribe are 276/5 and 240/39 B.C. For 252/1 B.C. Thersilochos is a
preferable candidate. In two inscriptions, one belonging to the
middle" and the other to the latter half of the fourth century,
u
' C.l.A. IV 2, 331 b ; II, 614 , Usener, Epicurea, p. 134.
' [Pint.] X Orat. Vitae, p. 847 D.
'See below ? 17.
♦C.l.A. II, 1 193; Paus. X, 23, 14.
''C.l.A. II, 321 ; IV 2, 615 b ; Paus. X, 23, 14 ; Usener, Epicurea, p. 368 ;
cf. Gomperz, Hermes, V (1871), p. 387.
• Usener, Epicurea, p. 134.
'C.l.A. II, 336.
» C.l.A. II, 870.
» C.l.A. II, 1028.
^75l4~^74l3 Before Christ.
23
there are found the names of two persons, one of whom may be the
father of the fourth o-v/xTrpotSpos and the other the father of the
secretary of C.I. A. II, 336. If this is so, there exists a slight
reason for preferring the earlier year for Kleomachos.
§ 14. Polyeuktos' and Hieron.' 275/4-274/3 B.C.
That Polyeuktos and Hieron held office in the order given is
shown by C.I. A. IV 2, 323b. In the earlier year, on the thirtieth
of the 9th prytany, the Athenians pas.sed a decree accepting the
invitation of the Aetolians to take part in the Soteria, nut-iic d and
gymnastic games which they were instituting in commemoration
of the repulse of the barbarians from the sanctuary of Apollo at
Delphi." A Chian decree of similar purport, passed like the
Athenian in the generalship of Charixenos in Aetolia, was found
by the French at Delphi. It is thought too that a sepulchral vase
from Alexandria bears the epitaph ot a Delphian who died while
at the court of Ptolemy Philadelphus for the purpose of extend-
ing a similar invitation to him.
In 279/8 B.C. the Gauls were driven with great loss from
Delphi : in the following year bands of them still roved through
Greece*; in 277/6 B.C. their last inroad was checked by An-
tigonos Gonatas,^ but not until their main body had got defi-
nitely settled in Central Asia Minor* could Greece feel secure.
The secretaries demand for Polyeuktos and Hieron the years
275/4 and 274/3 B.C. Since it was in the latter part of the year
275/4 B.C. that the request was made at Athens, it is likely that
it was not till the following year that the Soteria were first cele-
brated. Indeed if, as is probable, the Soteria were held in the
month Bukatios (Metageitnion) at the same time as the Pythia
and under the same presidency as the Pythia, it was with peculiar
>C.I.A. ir, 322, 323, 324 ; Ditt. Syll. 150.
' C.I. A. IV 2, 323 b ; for the general location of Polyeuktos see Dumont,
Essai, p. 20.
* vubfiutjixa. [tiJs avrwu eicre^elai Kjai rrji uUrit Trjt yevon^vrji irpdj roiii
Pup^ipovi rods [iirKXTpareuffavras i]irl t6 Upbv rod 'Av6\\ujvos rd KOivbv tQiv
'E\Xt)vwi' (cai ^[Tri Toi>s "E\\r;vas].
<C.I.A. II, 321.
* XXV, 2 ; cf. Thirlwall, VIII, p. 72.
« In about 275 B.C. according to Holm, ET. IV, p. 96.
H
The Athenian Archons.
appropriateness that they should have been instituted in the
third year of an olympiad. Tiiat this was the case Ponitow's
p;ri' sible restoration of the Chian decree aI)ove referred to —
y'LV(.a\Qa\. Sc tts to \ovnhv\ Tijv iiTroSd^iv ruiv 6eu)pti>v Ka9' iKd(TTr]V
ircvTaiTr}pi8a orav K[ai oi eis ra Ili'^ta «u^io-T]aii/rat — goes far to prove.'
Hence the games to coiumemorale the defeat of the Gauls at
Delplii were instituted only when all the states composing the
Amphictyonic League could breathe freely again. The pre-
ceding Pythia came in the midst of the danger.
But the Soteria were a penteteris ^ and on one known occasion
(197/6 B.C.) were held in the fourth year of an olympiad.
Therefore the first celebration must have been iti 277/6 B.C. So
scholars have reasoned, following Dittenljerger \ But Ditten-
berger himself has shown that in the time in which this 'one
known occasion ' falls, tlie Soteria were no longer a quadr.nnial
but an aiurial festival. He therefore withdrew his statement
that the games came in the fourth year of an olympiad *. F'urther
it is now pretty evident that the Soteria were never a penteteris
at all; tor, since Dittenl^erger's Sylloge appeared, Reiscli ^ and
Pomtow* have shown that the 'one known occasion' is not
known, and that in place of being in the year 197/6 B.C., it be-
longs in the neiglil)orhood of 270 B.C. What the Chians do, when
they accept the invitation extended by the Aetolians, is to select
theoroi Kad' (Kaa-Trfv TrtvraiTrjp iSa for the included years not for
each fourth year. Few, however, have noticed these facts and
the earlier assertion of DiLtenberger forms the basis for dating
the Alexandrian vase inscription referred to. This reads as fol-
lows : L StuTio)!/ KAcwvo; Ae/\</i)os ^ewpos to. 'S,u)Trjpia iiravytWoiv • 810
®€o86tov ayopaa-Tov,' The only gill year of any Ptolemy, which
» Fasti Delphici, N. Jahrb. f. cl. Phil. CXLIX (1894), p. 505 ff.
' Ditt. Syll. 150, 1. 29.
3 Ibid. 149, note i.
♦Ibid. 404, note i, p. 593.
* De musicis Graecorum certaminibus, 1885, p. 88 ff.
" Fasti Delphici, 1. c.
'Merriam, A. J. A. I (1885), pp. 22 and 30 ff. ; Strack, Rhein. Mus. LIII
(1898), p. 413, n. i; Wilcken, Gott. gel. Anz. 1895, p. 142; Ndroutsos-
Bey, Rev. Arch. Ill, 10 (1887), p. 64 and L'ancienne Alexandrie, p. 113 f.
The latter places the epitaph in Euergetes' reign.
,
2y4\3-^73\- Before Christ.
25
was at the same time the fourth of an olympiad, was 277/6 B.C.
in Pliilack'lphns' reign. Therefore, we are told, vSolion was one
of those who came to Alexandria to announce the institution of
the Soteria, Since the vSoteria did not to our knowledge fall
exclusively in the fourth year of an olympiad, it is evident that
this dating has no foundation whatever,' inasmuch as theoroi
were customarily sent round lo proclaim the celebration of festi-
vals not their institution only."
The sacrifice which the overseers of the mysteries for Polyeuk-
tos' year made in behalf of King Antigonos shows tli.it the com-
mon danger arising from the G luls had temporarily brought the
Athenians and Macedonians together ' Pyrrhos had not yet
seized Macedon.
S 15. Eubulos.' 273/2 B.C. ?
C.I. A. II, 331, 1. 54 if. runs as follows: kiu dywi/o^f c )t>;s
y(.ipoTovt]Oex% ($aT8pos) vtto toC Sr;/xou eVt NiKt'ou a.pyovJO'i (TreficXrjOt) rmv n
Ovcriiitv kt\. — Kill v(TT[(pov] Tov iov &vixo)(^a.pov aywyoOerov )(^(.ipoTovr)9iVTO<i
[«S Tojv ivtavTov TOV fir' Eu/JouAou dp^ovTos crvviiTtp.t\riBrj kt\. It is
evident that some years intervened between Nikias (282/1 B.C.)
and Eubulos. The inscription from which I have just quoted,
which was passed in Eubulos' archonship or in the year im-
mediately following, certainly belongs to a time in which Ihe
' In the year in question there was a great concourse of theoroi to Alex-
andria (Merriam, p. 32). The names of both the Kgyptian and Macedonian
months were used in dating a document — a cu.stoni which is more in accord
with the fashion of the third than of the second Ptolemy ( Mahaffy, Empire
of the Ptolemies, p. 206). The great fete of 239/8 B.C., the 9th year of
Euergetes' reign would well explain the presence of so many theoroi
(Strack, Die Dynastic der Ptolemaer, p. 227 fF. ; Neroutsos-Bey, Rev. Arch.
1. c). In the Class. Rev. XIII (1899), p. 78, n. 2, Dr. A. Wilhelm says : " I
have to thank Mr. H. Ponitow for kindly informing me that he considers
Zwt/wp (.?/r) K\4u)vos as a brother of Ilaaluv KX^uvot, named as manumis-
sor {sic) in an inscription from Delphi (Wescher-Foucart, Inscriptions de
Delphes 159) and as living therefore in the first half of the second century
B.C."
' Haussoullier B.C.H. V (1881), p. 313.
*C.I.A. IV 2, 323 b; cf. II, 307, 1. 10 ff., 374, 1. 6fr., Add. Nov. 373 b, 1.
14 ff. ; IV 2, 374 d.
*C.I.A. 11,329,331,1.58, 1 141.
'
26
The Athenian Archons,
i ■'
Athenians were on particularly good terms with Antigonos
Goiiatas. The nuinher of excisions proves that much. It p.-ob-
ahly, therefore, preceded the year of Pyrrhos' death (272/1 B.C.),
inasmuch as the power falling to Antigonos in consequence of
that event speedily dissatisfied the Greek states. Within the in-
terval the mo.st likely vacant year is 273/2 B.C. That the most
friendly relations existed between Athens and Antigonos in
275/4 and 274/3 BC. we know from C.I. A. IV 2, 323b.' 271/0 B.C.
is already occupied and the formida])le league formed in 267/6 B.C.'
against Antigonos, of which the Atiienians were the head, makes
it unlikely that in 269 or 268 B.C. Antigonos was their good
and honored friend. Of the two years 273/2 and 272/t B.C. the
earlier is perhaps preferable. In harmony with this date are the
following name identifications : Out of the senators for Eubulos'
year' was KaXXiK pdrr}<i [ll]v6Qh-q\ov Ko\\vTtv<i. His father is the
Hv^JS^Ao? KoWvTim of C.I. A. II, 1020 (c. 330 B.C.).' So also
the father of the man who made the motion in C.I. A. 11,329
[2r]/xos 'ETTiK/jarov AWaAtSjys is probably the 'ETriKpari^s klOaXihrft of
C.I. A. II. 1020. Among the SiatTr^rat for 325/4 B.C.* was
'ETTtycVj;? 'Epx«vs, the grandfather perhaps of the .senator'ETrt-ytVj;? —
*Epx«»^'s of Eubulos' year. Among the Halaieis in c. 350 B.C.*
was ['A^r;i^]i7r7ros 'A[e]j7[i/t Jttttou, the father or grandfather of the
senator 'A^i^i/iTrTros ' kBr^viirnov 'AAaietJs of Eul)ulos' year. The secre-
tary for 302/1 B.C.' Nt'/cwv ©lohdipov U\(xi9iv<i was a senator in
Eubulos' year. For Aioti/xos MiXavBiov ^i\ai8r)<: see below, p. 32,
and fjr the two sons of Polyeuktos of Phegaia see below, p. 27.
The M€vo)v ' Ax'^pvivi o( C.l.A. II, 331, 1. 100 occurs again in the
decree of Arrhenides' archonship (263/2 B.C.) preserved by Di-
ogenes Laertius."
Hi
' See above p. 25.
' See below p. 28.
•C.I.A. 11,329.
*Mitth. V (1880), p. 346.
^C.I.A. 11,943.
•C.I.A. II, 1208, 1. 20.
' C.I.A. II, 269, 270 ; IV 2, 269 b, c.
» VII, 12 ; cf. Ditt. Syll. p. 251, note 26.
I '■!*
'(r
2y2li-j68ly Before Christ,
27
§ 16. Philoneos.' 272/1 B.C. ?
The paidotrihe.s for llie ephebes in Philoneos' archonship was
'E/}/xd8u)/Do« 'EopTt'ou ' K)(a.pv*.v<i. Ill Mciiekles' year' (283/2 B.C.),
and in Polyeuktos' year' (275/4 B.C.) 'j*^ ^\\\*i'\ the same office.
His son was an ephebe in Philoneos' yeiir. Among the senators
for Eul)ulos' arclionship* (273/2 B.C.?) were Xat[p]«(TT/3aTos IIoAv-
«[u]ktou and ' kvTi^^v noA,v<[v]KTov both 4>»jyuttrs. One of the
ephebes for Piiiloneos' year was Y\.oK\iivkto% 'A — to? *»;yaitv(s).
The number of letters in his father's name is uncertain, but judg-
ing from the certain completion of the tribe-name nuv[8tovt'8]os
which must be made in the line immediately following,
'A[i'Tt</)u>i']Tos would suit the lacuna admirably. Among the thes-
mothetai^ for 221/0 B.C. was Em/cos 2[<^j7t( rtosj] who, no doubt,
is the ephebe Euvikos 'A[ - - 2]<^>Jttios of C.I. A. II, 338, just as
the kingarchon" for 229/8 B.C. AlvrjmBrifjioi ^viT(a\-^TTio<:) is the
ejihebe All^v^rjatSrjfxo'} ' AyaOoKKtovt 2u7ruAT)T(Tios) of Pliiloueos' year.
A grandson of Tti[o-]ias *wkio8ov 'EA.eu(nVto[s] of C.I. A. II. 338 is
to be recognized perhaps in the Teio-tas 'EAtvcnVios of 183/2 B.C.'
All these data point to the neighborhood of 275 B.C. for Philo-
neos, and he may be provisionally assigned to 272/1 B.C.
§ 17. Pytharatos.'' 271/0 B.C.
Diogenes Laertius says that Epicurus died in this archonship,
in the second year of the one hundred and twenty-seventh
olympiad, z. e., in 271/0 B.C.
45 18. Philokrates." 268/7 B.C.
In one of the Herculanean fragments we read :'" To[v n]o[A€'|u<"vo]
Kara ^iXoKpaTTjv iy\nri[lv^ tov /3iW. ' Avrtyovo^ ^[e] y[pja«/»£i, 8[i6]n
»C.I.A. II, 337, 33S. 'C.I.A. 11,316.
' C.I. A. II, 324 ; cf. also II, 339, 340, 341 ?
* C.I. A. II, 329. *C.I.A. II, 859. 1. 40.
« C.I.A. II, 859, frg. d, 1. 6. ' C.I. A. II, 983, col. I, 1. 58.
"CI. A. II, 1292, 1293 ; Diog. Laert. X, 15 ; [Plut.] X Orat. Vitae, pp. 847
D, 851 D ; Cic. De Fato, 9.
"C.I.A. II, 278, 1332; IV 2, 331 c; Gomperz, Jenaer Literatur. 1875, p.
603, note ; Suidas s.v. IIoX^'";^ <l>iXo<rrp(iTou ^ ^iXoKpdrovs.
*" Gomperz, 1. c. ; cf. Schtschoukareff, Ath. Archons, p. ^182 ; Cornell
Studies, VII (1898), p. 60.
28
The Athetiian Aniions.
I I
n[o]\€'/i(oi'os Tt[X]tu[T]T/<rui'Tos 6 [K/jar]»;s S(a[S]c^a/x<i'os [rj/f 8iJ«T-
pt/3[»/]i' Kui »<pid<[i« u^tos ffji/ui t[»/J« r/yt^ot'ia[s, imv iTai\\mv [/*«]»'
ttiroi/ - . ITiuler llie year 268/7 IJ.C in tin- Latin vii>ioii of
Kusebius' is CduikI : I'dIi-iuo filosoliis iiioiiUir post (inetn Arche-
silas t'l Crates clari liabeiitur. Uiultr the same year the Greek
version' has : \\u\i\LMv QvI\(iku u t^iAocrotjbos fitO' or 'AAKtras kui
K/juT»/? yvmiHCovTui. Under the year 273/2 B.C. the Armenian ver-
sion' has a similar notice. The secretary for riiiU)krates' year
beiiii; from the tiihe Demetrias the best attested hjcation of
Polemon's deatli is undonI)te(lly correet.
§ 19. Peithidemos.* 267/6 li.C.
In tliis arclionshij) the alliance formed by the Athenians with
Areus I of Sparta and his allies, to cooperate with Ptolemy
Philadelphns in resisting the a};<;ressions of Anti^onos Oonatas,
was ratified at Athens. Xpt^<ui/t3j;s 'EreoKXtou? AiftiA.t8i/s, the lead-
ing ■spirit in the war,'' made the motion to that effect in the
assenil)ly there. Tiie time of the war is defined by the fact that
the death of Arens took place while it was still in progress."
Arens sncceeded to the throne of Sparta in 309/8 B.C. and reigned
44 years.' His death therefore occurred in 265/4 ^IC. It was
not till after the death of Pyrrhos in the late fall of 272/1 B.C." that
it was possible for tiiis war to get under way. Hence the limits
within which Peithidemos was archon are 270/69 and 265/4 BC*
Of the years in this interval 270/69 and 269/8 are decidedly too
ear'}'; for in 263 B.C. Athens was still being besieged'": 268/7
B.C. is already occupied: 266/5 B.C., though preferred by
' Euseh. p. 121.
' Ibid. p. 120.
' Ibid. ; cf. below p. 29.
♦C.I. A. II, 332, 333; cf. IV 2, 333.
* Hegtsandros, in Allien. VI, 250 f.
"Plut. Agis, III ; Jusl. XXVI, 2 and Prol. XXVI ; cf. Paus. Ill, 6.
'Diod. XX, 29.
"Clinton, F.H. II, p. 238 -- 290, n. /.
* Rangab^, Ant. hell. 453.
'» Aelianos, fr>j. 11 ; cf. Diod. XXIII, 7 ; Wachsmuth, Die Sladt Athen, I,
p. 628, n. 2.
j6;l6-j6^jj before Christ.
29
DitteiihetxtT,' is rightly rc-jfctc-d hy Koeliler' iis loo near tlic
death of Areiis to Ik- tlu; year in wliicli the Greek states united to
ward olTtlu- exiiected ;ittack ol Aiili^^oiios. Tlie war had hetn in
proKress for a considerable time hefoie Areiis was killed. 267/6
B.C. i.s therefore much the more probable date for Peithidemos.''
J^ 20. Diognetos,' 264/3 l^-^'-
The calculations of Hoeckh,' by which I)io<;iKtos was assij^ned
to 264/3 B.C., are am})ly confirmed by the new fraj;ment of the
Parian Chronicle." The ar^aiments of those who would assign
Arrhenides to 264/3 ^-^ "'iv considered under the head of the
archon following.
S 21. Arrhenides.' 263/2 K.C.
In this archonship Zenn the founder of the Sloic school died.
Hioronymos ascribes that event to the year of Aliraham 1753/
which, as Johannes Toepffer" pointed out, coincides with the
Attic year 263/2 B.C Tiie Armenian version of Eusebius'"
assigns it to 268/7 I^-^- l»»l tl'c same authority assigns the death
of Polemon to 273/2 B.C. which certaiidy happened in 268/7 B.C.;
so, however it may have come about, the death of Zeno" is, like
the death of Polemon, placed exactly five years too early. The
testimony of the Armenian version is therefore indirectly in favor
of 263/2 B C. for Arrhenides. Nevertheless several scholars"
have preferred the year 264/3 I^C. for the reason that Hierony-
mo.s ascril;es the death of Zeno to ol. 129, i. This he undoubtedly
' Hermes, II (1867), p. 306; cf. however p. 301.
'■"NoteloC.I.A. II, 332.
' For the hlerature on the Chreinonideau war see Holm, ET. IV, p. 207 f.
♦C.I.G. 2374, 1.3; C.I..\. IV 2, 333 b.
»C.I.G. II, p. 305f.
•Mitth. XXII (1897), p. 1S3 ff; cf. p. 184, n. i.
' Diojr. Uert. VII, 10 ; C.I. A. II, 325 ; cf. IV 2, 325.
" Euseh. II, p. 121.
* Griech. Alter, p. 106 ff.
'"Euseb. II, p. 120.
" See above p. 28.
"Wilamowitz, Phil. Unter. IV, p. 252; Rohde, Rhein. Mus. XXXIII
(1878), p. 622 ff. ; Susemihl, N. Jahrb. f. cl. Phil. (1882), p. 744, n. 39.
;i ,-
I !
,J|
I
30
The Athenian Archons.
does, but, apart from the fact that Diognetos certainly occupied
that year, the year of Abraham and the year of the olympiad
given by Hieronymos do not coincide : one must be wrong.
Then there comes \\\ the further consideration tliat the successor
of Zeno, Kleanthes, was head of the school for thirty-two years'
and died in Jason's archonship/' Thirty-two years from 264/3 ^C.
take us to 232/1 B.C. in which year Antiphilos was archon ;
thirty-two years from 263/2 B.C. take us to 231/0 B.C. and that
year alone of tlio.se between 237/6 and 227/6 B C. lacks an
archon.'^ It is true that the birth of Kleanthes is assigned on
good authority to Aristophanes' archonship (331/0 B.C.)* and
that he is said to have lived ninety-nine years ; but the ninety-
nine comes from less trustworthy .sources'* than the other data.
He may have been born in the latter part of 331/0 B.C. and have
lived slightly over ninety-nine years, or the year of his birth may
have been assigned by some one who carelessly calculated ninety-
nine years back from Ja.son.*
§ 22. Olbios.' 259/8 B.C.
The secretary belongs to the tribe Aiantis. In C.I. A. II,
602 — a decree of the Me.sogeoi passed in the year of Olbios or in
that of his succes.sor — the motion was made by Amynomachos,
son of Philokrates, of Bate, whom we know as one of the heirs and
executors of Epicurus." Amynomachos was accordingly in his
^Gomperz, Rhein. Mus. XXXIV ( 1879), p. 154 flF. Gomperz and Meier
(Conunt'ii. Epig. p. 81 ff. ) resort to the desperate expedient of supposing a
public funeral decreed and a tomb built for Zeno before his death (Diog.
Laert. VII, 11 ; cf. Toepffer, Griech. Alter, p. 106 ff. ).
' Conrjaretti, Papiro Ercolanese inedito. Riv. di Filo. cl. Ill (1875). col.
XXVIII f p. 502 f. ; cf. Gomperz, Jenaer Literatur. (1875), p. 605.
' See below \ 29 ff .
* Rohde, 1. c.
'^Lucian, Macrob. 19; Val. Max. VIII, 7, extr. 11.
* Cf. Gomperz, J. L. p. 605 : Tritt die letztere, vorlaufig minder werthvolle
Nachricht mit positiver Bestimmtheit auf, so ist die erstere vielleicht das
Ergebniss einer Rechnung,— ist doch das Geburtsjahr bedeutender Menschen
aus naheliegenden Griinden oft um so vieles unsicherer als die Zeit ihres
Todes.
'C.I. A. II, 602; IV 2, 345 b.
* Diog. Laert. X, 16.
2^pl8-2^SI/ Before Christ.
31
prime in 271/0 B.C. The tribe of the secretary allows us the
choice of two years, 259/8 and 247/6 B.C. Of these the earlier is
preferable.
§ 23. Kallimedes' and Thersilochos.' 254/3 ^"(i 252/1 B.C. ?
The .secretaries show that one year came between the.se two and
give us as po.s,sibilities 254/3, 252/1 and 242/1, 240/39 B.C.; for
C.I. A. II, 308 and 307 (IV 2, 307 b) show that we have to do
with an ordinary year of twelve prytanies only. To decide be-
tween these two pairs of years is difficult. Two facts bearing
upon a decision may be noticed : (i) Lines 8 and 9 of C.I. A. II,
306 read as follows : [ orj/aaro? o 7raT7^[p ] /Sao-tAews
t^r)}k\y]rpiov ]. As far as one may judge, it is here .said that
the father of the person eulogized in the decree did some .services
to Athens during the reign of Demetrios Poliorketes. If the de-
cree was passed in 254/3 B.C., thirty-four, if in 242/1 B.C., forty-
six years had already elap.sed since Demetrios was driven from the
throne. The shorter interval is preferable. Two years after the
withdrawal of the Macedonian garrison from the Museion is a
likely time at which to find the father oi" Antigonos mentioned in
an honorary decree. (2) In Thersilochos' archonship a disagree-
ment between Athens and the Confederation of Boeotia was re-
ferred for arbitration to the city of L,amia.^ Of this I can make
no use.
§24. Diogeiton.* 248/7 B.C.
In C.I. A. II Add. Nov. 352 b, in which this archon is found,
the motion was made by 'AKpo'rt/xos kla^lov 'Ixapieu?. This indi-
vidual appears among the dedicators to Asklepios mentioned in
an inscription drafted in 228/7 B.C. In it the donations are
grouped according to the years of the priests in which they were
given." There are extant the li.sts for fifteen years out of what
'C.I.A. 11,306,307.
'C.I. A. II, 307, 308 ; IV 2, 307 b, c.
'C.I.A. II, 308 ; IV 2, 308 b ; cf. 373 h.
* C.I.A. II Add. Nov. 352 b.
* C.I.A. II, 836, lines 80 and 87 ; cf. IV 2, 1190 b and Merriam, 7th Annual
Rep. of the Am. Sch. at Athen.s, p. 85 t.
'See Girard and Martha, B.C.H. II (1878), p. 441 ff.
'■\\:
32
T/ie Af/icnian A)chons.
■ii
i
;S5
t
in.
I
r ?
seems to ine to he a possible of about twenty'.' In the decree
which antliorized the making of tlie catalogue the object set forth
was, OTTWS oZv Koi rj fiovX[r) kuI o 8^/ios T]tu OeiS KaOdirep Kal
irporlepov — ]. This I take to mean that a custom susjiended
during the Macedonian occupation of the city was to be revived.
The list perhaps began after the Chremonidean war ended. The
third priest remaining in the catalogue was Ai;fTtK[A]^s 2w7raA.»/rT( los)
who is certainly to be identified with tlie a.KovTL(TTri<i of Philoneos'
year (272/1 B.C.?;. So one of the dedicators during the priest-
.ship of Lysikles' p edecessor was AioTt/no? <PiXaiSr)'i, one of the .sen-
ators in Kubulos' year^ (273/2 B.C.?). One of the ex-priests
mentioned in the list was 'ApxtKXrjq AaKid8(r]<;) .'•' The hieropoios
for Lysiades' archonship (166/5 B.C.?), 'Ap;^tKX^s AaKtaSj^s,* was
perhaps his grandson. One of the dedicators during the fifth
extant priestship was 2(uye'vr;s 'OTpv(vtv<;)/' the father perhaps of
' A7ro\A.d8u)/)oj SooyeVou 'OTpvvev<; who was amoug the contributors in
228/7 BC." The thirteenth extant office-holding priest Up(iiiTi\r)<:
(Tipdpxov) Etpeo-(tSr;s),' in whose year ' AK/aoTi/xos was rap.M'i, has
been identified by Kirchner*' with the TIpa^tTeAr/s who in 228/7 B.C.
made a contribution. The ©eoycVj/s ' Ap.4>i-Tpoir(rj9ev) who in the fif-
teenth and last extant priestship" made a dedication is probably
the grandson of the eVi/icXr^Trys nofjLTrrj^ for 282/1 B.C.'", ©coyeVv;?
Iloo-etSaji/tov ' ApcfjiTpovrjOev. The dedication of Akrotimos would
seem to have been made after 235 B.C. Koehler" thought that
Akrotimos, inasmuch as he was treasurer when the demos made a
dedication, had hold the office of Ta/xtus tov 8rjfiov. Girard and
' The other nine priest;- mentioned in the list were presumably in office
earlier than the date of the earliest extant annual catalogue.
■'C.I. A. II, 329.
'C.I. A. II, S36, 1. 36.
♦C.I. A. 11,953.
■■^C.I.A. II, S36, 1. 39.
"C.I.A. II, 334, frg. d, 1. 25.
'C.I. A. II, S36, 1. 82 ; cf. II, -489.
•* Indices to C.I.A. II, p. 44.
"C.I.A. II, 836, 1. 102.
'"C.I.A. IV 2, 318 h ; for Evayluv who made a dedication (1. 45 and 1. 56),
see under Metrophanes.
" CIA. II, 836, note on p. 318.
I
246I5-24SI'/ Before Christ.
Zl
M;irtlia' with equiil right thought of 6 eVt t^ Sioiki/o-ci. There
existedin the third century B.C. the ra/iius riv o-tputiodtikwi/ who
seems to me quite as likely to be meant as either of the other two.'
The secretary gives us as possibilities for Diogeiton 272/1, 260/59,
and 248/7 B.C. Because of the tangencies of Akrotiinos the latest
year is to be .selected.
§ 25. C.I.A. IV 2, 371 c.'' 246/5 or 245/4 B.C.
This is an inscription passed while Aristomachos was tyrant of
Argos and therefore earlier than 240 B.C.*: it however was later
than the revolt of Alexandros, son of Krateros, from Antigonos
Gonatas, and consequently subsequent to 250 B.C." The archon
is lost, but the deme of the secretary is extant as follows :
E 1 1 . There are only two denies which begin thus, Eirtalos
(Antiochis and Antigonis) and Ei/aeo-i?;;? (Akaniantis). The re-
mainder of the third letter, as reproduced in the Corpus, is too
far distant from the Iota to be the ha.sta of a Rho : it is best taken
as the upstroke of a Tau. Further, between 250 and 240 B.C.
Akamantis did not have the secretaryship, while Antiochis and
Antigonis follow one another in 246/5 and 245/4 B.C. In either
one of the.se two years C.I.A. IV 2, 371 c was passed. Hence
the war between Antigonos assisted by Athens and Argos, and
Alexandros, his nephew, occurred between 250 and 245/4 B.C.*
In it Alexandros was apparently successful.
^ 26. - mon and ' 245/4-244/3 B.C.
The only places possible for - mon and his success-or are 257/6,
256/5 and 245/4, 244/3 B.C. ; for C.I.A. II, 330 was passed in an
B.C.H. 1. c.
''■ ' ilbert, Grk. Const. Ant. ET. p. 248, note i.
Wilhehn has made some further, as yet unpublished, additions to this
inscription ; see also 'E^.'A^x- 1S92, p. 127 ff.
* Holm, ET. IV, p. 222 f. ; Wilcken, Pauly-Wis.sowa, II, p. 945, s.v.
Aristomachos (16).
^ Plut. Arat. XV ; cf. Koehler, C.I.A. IV 2, p. 95.
"Cf. C.I.A. IV 2, 591 b.
' C.I.A. II, 330 ; the restoration of the name [K/j/iwpos in frgs. b-e, 1. 7 has
no warrant.
w
34
T/ie Athenian Archons.
intercalary year at the time of the twelve tribes. The nanit » of
the ephebes for the earlier of tlie two archoiiships are given.
Among them are found : (i) A son of Dromeas of Ercliia. The
same name appears along with his father's among the contributors
for state defenses in the year 228/7 B-C His father was like-
wise a member of the sacred board in Glaukippos' year."
(2) Two sons of Heliodoros of Paiania. A Heliodoros was
archon in 237/6 B.C.'^ (3) A son of Kichesias of Aixone. In
C.I. A. II, 1047 (c. 125 B.C.; there is found along witli Mikioii
and Eurykleides, sons of Eurykleides of Kephi.sia, Leon, the .son
of Kichesias, of Aixone.* This would make our .son of Kichesias
contemporary with Mikion, the son of Eurykleides, of C.I. A. II,
379, 1. 3 (c. 228 B.C.). Also in C.I. A. II, 859, 1. 30(222/1 B.C)
Kicliesias of Ai.xone himself was one of the thesmothetai. Mani-
festly 245/4 B.C. is preferable for - mon.
§ 27. Glaukippos' and (•?)." 241/0 and 238/7 B.C.
Glaukippos was archon in an intercalary year at the time of
the twelve tribes.' The secretary was from the tribe Pandionis.
Conceivable are the following years : 277/6 ?, 265/4, 253/2, and
241/0 B.C. Dromeas, son of Diokles, of Erchia, one of a board of
religious functionaries commended in this archonship, was very
prominent among the contributors for state defenses in 228/7
B.C. This fact excludes 277/6 and 265/4 B.C. Diokles, the .son
of Dromeas, was an ephebe in what we have determined to be
245/4 B.C. This favors 241/0 B.C. Had the decree been
passed in 253/2 B.C. it is not unlikely that in it mention would
have been made of a sacrifice offered on behalf of Antigonos
»C.I.A. II, 334, 1. 37f.
■ C.I.A. II, 305.
'C.I. A. IV 2, 3S5 b, c ; see below p. 39.
*Cf. C.I.A. II, 448.
»C.I.A. 11,305,344?; IV 2, 305 b.
« C.I.A. IV 2, 373 c.
' See Wilhelm, Hermes, XXIV ( 1889), p. 327 f. The fact that the board
commended in C.I.A. II, 305 consisted of thirteen inembers signifies nothing,
inasmuch as the tribes were totally disregarded in their selection.
II
24i\o~238\'] Before Christ.
35
Gonatas.' A similar omissiou is to be noted'^ in C.I. A. IV 2.
373 c which probably belongs to 238/7 B.C. Here the secretary
is from the tribe Oineis. The thirteenth tribe had not yet come
in. The pos.sibilities are: 262/1, 250/49, and 238/7 B.C. Of
these 238/7 is to be preferred for epigraphical rea-sons." The
epistates of the proedroi was ZwiAos Zm.\ov ^Aucu's. Among the
ephebes for Tychandros" archonship (172/1 B.C.) was NiKoxparTjs
ZwiAov *Au£iJs.* A comparison of the stemmata given below under
Diomedon shows that the grandfather of a man who was an ephebe
in 172/1 B.C. could not very well have been matured earlier than
239/8 B.C.
§ 28. Unlocated archons.
At this point an alphabetically arranged list of the archons of
the third century B.C. as yet unlocated may be inserted. The
probability is that most of them belong to the period of the
Macedonian domination.
A--.
C.I. A. IV 2, 373 g, 1. 10. Because of an erasure in the inscrip-
tion Koehler judges that it precedes 229/8 B.C.
Agasias.
C.I.G. 2035; Dumont, Essai, p. m; Schoeffer, Pauly-
Wi.ssowa, II, p. 589. Early part of the century.
Alexandros.''
Eubulos, the .son of Antenor, who upon the death of Moschion
in 185/4 I^-C.* came to the front for a short time in the Academic
school, wa?; born in the archonship of Alexandros. One may
therefore with considerable certainty ascribe Alexandros to the
last half of the third century B.C. Biicheler as.signs him to the
neighborhood of 230 B.C.
' Cf. C.I.A. IV 2, 323 b ; II Add. Nov. 373 b ; II, 307, 374 ; IV 2, 374 d.
»In C.I.A. II, 325 (263-2 B.C.) it is also wanting.
•Koehler, note on C.I.A. IV 2, 373 c.
* C.I.A. II, 1224 ; cf. 'kdiiv. IV, p. 461 ; Cornell Studies, VII, p. 46.
' Biicheler, Index Herciilanensis Acadeniicorum Philosophoruni, Gryphis-
waldiae, 1869, p. 17.
' See below p. 57, n. 2.
36
The Athenian Archons,
Alkibiades.
C.I. A. II, 374; Pollux, X, 126; cf. Wilhelm.Pauly-Wissowa,
I. P- 1533- Willielm assigns him to the .second half of the third
century B.C. Schoeffer, Pauly-Wissowa, II, p. 589, places him
between 260/59 "1"^ 241/0 B.C. C.I. A. IV 2, 323 b does not
allow the earlier li.uit to be imperative.
Antipatros.
*A^»Jv. VIII (i879),p. 231 = C.I. A. IV 2,6i6b. Koumanoudes
assigns him to the third century B.C. on the basis of the letter-
ing ; cf. Pauly-Wissowa, I, p. 2501.
(.?)... bios.
C.I. A. II, 335, 1. 5. Among the (nTwvat in office in this arclion-
ship was ['Ept]toTos \y]n.o^iXov [MeAirc]!;? who in 228/7 B-C. con-
tributed 200 drachmae for the .safet\' of the city and the defense
of the country.' It therefore belonged to the latter half of the
third century. Pos.sibly the name should be restored Olbios (see
above p. 30) though the stone shows a greater lacuna.
Hagnias.
C.I. A. II, 372, 617. The secretary's name is IIoTa/xwv Ao-
v[aKos ?] . Koehler places this archon near the middle of the
third cent. B.C.
Lysiades.
C.I. A. II, 345, Add. Nov. 373 b. This archon probably be-
longs to the time of the twelve tribes and to the reign of An-
tigonos Gonatas. The erasure in C.I. A. II Add. Nov. 373 b of
itself indicates that it is earlier than 229/8 B.C. Koehler assigns
him to the middle of the third cent. B.C. or a little later. The
secretarj' was 'Apio-To/taxo? ' Apio-To [8J 1; [jixov - ] . The chairman of
the proedroi was [E] i;(apia-Tos XapT^ros 'Ai^iSwios. In C.I. A. II, 403
(207/6 B.C.) one of the members of the Areopagus was Xap-qq
'At^iSvaTos. Are they father and son ? In C.I. A. II, 835 A, 1. 28
(320-317 B.C.) one of the persons to dedicate things to Asklepios
was [Kp]a[i/]ads - . The Kpumos Krr^o-i^ [w;/tos] of CI. A. II Add.
Nov. 273 b, lines 4 and 32 was evidently a votary of A.sklepios.
Are they grandfather and grandson ?
•C.I.A. II, 334, frg. d, 1. 20.
A
■| '.'-*y»»«
»,iH«t^ll f U.lUJ.I
Unlocated Archons.
11
I
■.,0
Lysitheides,
C.I. A. II, 620; IV 2, 620 b; cf. Foucart, B.C.H. VII (1883),
p. 68 ff. Both Koehler and Foucart think that the lettering be-
longs to the third cent. B.C. Foucart suggests that the Sokles of
C.I. A. IV 2, 620 b is tlie same as the Sokles of C.I. A. IV 2,
6ri b, 1. 45 (300/299 B.C.), in which ca.se Lysitheides vvould be-
long to the early part of the century. Among the contributors in
228/7 B.C. (C.I. A. II, 334, frg. d, 1. 32) there was a \vuLdtih-q<i
*Ejo;(t(£us).
Pheidostratos.
C.I. A. II, 1199. Kirchner, Rhein. Mus. IJII (1898), p. 388,
suggests that the iXetvi'as K7;<^ [lo-o] Sotou BovraS/;? of C.I. A. II, I 199
is the grandson of the K7;<^t(rd8o [tos ] Boi)[Ta87js] of C.I. A.
IV 2, 868 b. Since the latter lived in about 350 B.C. Pheidostra-
tos, he .states, would be archon in about 250 B.C.
Philinos.
C.I. A. IV 2 Add. 6ig c. In a decree of the Ather.ian citi-
zens stationed at Eleusis it is mentioned that their general
Sosikrates of Sphettos had been [T]a|u.[ias tw o-r] pa[Ti] w [tikoIv]
for the year of Philinos' archon.sliip. On the basis of the lettering
Philios (Mitth. XIX (1894), p. 176 f.) assigns the decree to the
neighborhood of the end of the third cent. B.C.
Philippides.
C.I. A. II, 1333. This archon is ascribed on the ba.sis of the
lettering to the third cent. B.C.
Proxenides.
C.I. A, II, 391. Proxenides is ascribed by Koehler to the third
cent. B.C. The secretary was Eu^ouXos Eu;8ouAt8[ov - ].
Pythokritos.
C.I. A. II, 862; cf. Koehler' s note, Rangab^ assigns him to
the time of the Macedonian domination.
Sosi.stratos.
C.I. A. II, 1295. In vSo.sistratos' archonship 0£o<^av»;s Aiocr/cov-
pi'Sou Eu(i)vu/iew [s] was agouothetes, and Sokrates, a Rhodian,
played the flute for the victorious men's chorus. This .same
38
The AlJie). ''an Archons,
Rliodiaii is iiioiitioned in Wesclier-Foucart, 4, 1. 14 (c. 270 B.C.).'
In C.I. A. IV 2 Add. 1402 b, p. 308, and in 'E<^. 'A/o^. 1892, p.
45 (300^250 B.C.) a Aioo-Kovpt'Sr;* is named who was probably a
.son of 0to<^aV>;s. In C.I. A. IV 2, 251 b (3054 B.C.) anion^ the
ephebes from Knonymon, a brother in all probability is fonnd.
Becanse of these identifications made by Kirchner and Rci.sch,"
Sosikrales has been assigned by the former to the neighborhood
of 290 B.C. Inasmuch as there is no place for an archon before
278/7 B.C. (assuming Telokles as certain for 284/3 B.C.), a more
likely location would be at about 275 B.C.
Theophemos.
C.I. A. II, 373. The secretary was n/30K[\]^s 'Att — . Theo-
phemos is assigned by Kirchner (Indices to C.I. A. II) to the
middle of the third century B.C. A Theophemos was (?;■«/(?/• in
C.I. A. II, 334(228/7 B.C.).
Thymochares.
C.I. A. II, 371. We are still at the time of the twelve tribes.
In C.I. A. II, 371 the tribe in the prytany mu.st have been Deme-
trias, and the a-vfjiirpotSpoi, — Aa/nrTpcvi, mu.st have belonged to
Krechtheis. The secretary was 2wo-Tparo[s] 'A[/oi]o-t[ -
]. Koehler places the in.scrij)tion at about the middle of the
third century B.C. In Eubulos' archon.ship (273/2 B.C.?) a man
of this name, son of the general Phaidros, was agouothetes. In
229/8 B.C. a Thymochares occurs among the contributors. All
three belong to the same family. It is possible that they are the
same penson.
C.I. A. II. 390.
The secretary was [ — «« K]t^8wv of the tribe Erechtheis. On
the basis of the lettering Koehler (Hermes, V (1871), p. 335)
thinks this itiscription hardly later than the second half of the
third century B.C. The archon being gone, the po.ssibilities would
.seem to be 255/4, 243/2, 231/0, and 218/7 ^^^•
C.I. A. IV 2, 407 b.
iPomtow, N. Jahrb. f. cl. Phil. CXLIX (1894), p. 506; Reisch, Demusicis
Graecorum certamiiiibus, 18S5, p. 88 ff.
^ Kirchner, Rhein. Mus. LlII (1S98), p. 387 f. ; Reisch, op. cit. p. 85, n. i.
I
2j7l6-220jig Be/ore Christ.
39
TUe genitive of the archoti's name ended in sigtna. The in-
scription is ascribed by Koehler to the latter half of the third
century B.C.
4^ 29. Heliodoros' and Archelaos.' 237/6 and 220/19 B.C.
In Archelaos' archonsiiip the 3d day of the fourth prytany fell in
the third month, Boedroniion." Only when the prytany had less
days than the month, i.e., when there were thirteen tribes and
twelve months could this happen. The fact that in this year a fj.r}v
e/i/JdAi/ios was added* points to an intercalary year, and therefore
to thirteen months also : but on the other hand the insertion of this
month after Anthesterion, and not after Posideon as was usual,
is a mark of some irregularity or unknown regularity. The year
began as though it were going to be an ordinary year of 354 days.
After Gamelion had be^nui, for some cause or other it was decided
to add an intercalary month. A precedent for inserting another
month than Posideon was found in the year 307/6 B.C.* That it
marks the introduction, in 307/6 B.C. of the tribes Antigonis and
Denietrias, or in 220/19 B.C. of the tribe Ptolemais, does not follow.*
Part of C.I. A. IV 2, 385 c was passed in Heliodoros' archonsiiip,
and part in Archelaos', but since Heliodoros belongs to the time
of the twelve tribes, and Archelaos to that of the thirteen, there
is found at once a reason for believing that some years intervened
between them.' Further, that in Archelaos' year certain honors
decreed in Heliodoros' year** to a distinguished Cretan were rati-
fied a second time, suggests that in the meanwhile a new party
had come into power. We see from the decree that this new
'C.I.A. II, 3S4; IV 2, 385!), c.
'C.I. A. 11,431 ; IV 2. 385 c.
»Cf. Bates, Cornell Studies, VIII (1898), p. 27.
* C.I.A. IV 2, 385 c, 1. 48.
"C.I.A. IV 2, 733.
"See Koehler's note to C.I.A. IV 2, 240 b.
' Cf. Homolle, B.C. II. XV (1891), p. 362 : "on imagine volontiers que le
rappel des decisions indxecutees a du se faire dans I'ann^e menie qui en
suivit le vote ; mais le vague du mot irpbrtpov appliqu^ a ce vote, I'interven-
tion d'un orateur nouveau, les cliangements apportes au premier d^cret
semblent itnpliquer un plus long delai."
** C.I.A. IV 2, 3S5 c ; the Bukris of this decree has been identified with a
Naupaktian who figures in a Delian decree which Philios, the son of Charilas,
moved. I see no reason why this Philios is not the father, rather than the
"1^'
40
The Athenian Archons.
1!
pi.rty was led by Eurykleidt-s and Mikion, wlio upon the with-
drawal of the Macedonian garrison in 229 H.C. became the lead-
ing men of the state. Archclaos mnst have been archon between
229 8 and 2132 H.C. ; for in the latter year luirykleidcs and
Mikion were poisoned by order of Philip V of Macedon.' The
secretary is from Antigonis, and in this period in only one year
could Antigonis have had the secretaryship, viz., 220/19 B.C.
The link between Archelaos and Heliodoros is the recurrence in
a decree of each archon^ of the name Eu/xapt'Sas ITavKXtous of Ky-
doiiia. Since even before Heliodoros' year this individual had
been active in Athens' interest, and since he continued rendering
services up to Archclaos' year, it seems to me that one of the
alternatives presented for Heliodoros by the .secretary, viz., 249/8
B.C. is to be rejected as too early. Indeed the reference in C.I. A.
II, 384, 1. II to /8aa-iA€ws 'A [TTa'Aou] should perhaps have excluded
this year from our consideration altogether ; for the first Attalos
became King only in 241 B.C.' Tiie only other year for Helio-
doros is 237/6 B.C. ; for in 224/3 B.C. there were thirteen tribes,
whereas in Heliodoros' year there certainly were only twelve.^
4^ 30. Leochares,'' Theophilos/' Ergochares,' Niketes,"
son, of Charila.s II who was archon at Dclos in 220 B.C., Uiouf.^h for my pur-
po.se it is innnaterial. See B.C.H. XV ( 1S91 ), ]>. 359 i. Hnkris is also men-
tioned as hieromnemon at Delphi in two inscrijitions, one of which Pomtow
(Rhein. Mns. LI (I'Sge), j). 356; cf. Wilhehn, Gott. gel. .\nz. KS98, p. 224)
assigns to a time a little later than 230 B.C.
' Pans. II, 9, 4.
^d.-'l. IV 2, 3S5 c. HomoUe (B.C.H. XV (1891), p. 362) places Helio-
doros in 217-6 B.C. and interprets this decree in the light of the giinip.se of
Cretan affairs given us by Polybius, IV, 53-55 and VII, 11. It might he so
interpreted if it were known that ?Ieliodoros was archon in 217-6 B.C., but
the circumstances necessary for the understanding of the decree jibe so
clo.sely with the normal situation in Crete that I do not .see how they can
serve to date Heliodoros.
"See Wilcken, Paulj-'Wissowa, II, p. 2159 ff. The restoration 'A[TT(iXoi;]
is of course uncertain and disputed ; cf. Phil. Unter. IV, p. 253.
♦C.I.A. IV 2, 3S5b.
^ C.I. A. II, 1102 ; for the whole group see C.I. A. II, S59.
^C.I.A. IV 2, 381 b ; the secretary's tribe must have been Aiantis and the
deme began with 'A. 'A(/)t5vatos is the onlj' one possible.
'C.I. A. II, 381.
"C.I. A. II. 1216; cf. IV 2, 1216.
^J^lj-JJOJK^ Ihforc Christ.
4i
Antiphilos,'
— , , Menekrates,' fDiomedlon, ,
.s, Diokles," Euphiletos,' aiul Herakleitos.*
236/5-221/0 H.C.
Tlu'sc iU-L- tlic- archoiis given us by C.r.A. II, 859. After
Antiphilos there is a break in the stone anJ another after
[ ^on. The number of the archons which intervene in
either interval is unknown. It is limited however by the size of
the stone. To assume that between Diokles and Antiphilos there
intervened twenty-one years would be extremely bold, if not im-
possible ; for to each year there belonged a list containing ten lines.
In Krgocharcs' archonship the tribe Ptolemais" had not yet
been created : in Menekrates' archonship it was in exi.stence.
For Krgochares' archonship the secretary was from Antiochis,
for Diokles' from Hippothontis. The oidy conceivable possibili-
ties for these two secretaries are 234/3 or 221/0 and 223/2 or 210/09
B.C. Of these the alternatives 221/0, 210/09 '^re impossible ; for
otherwise the whole subsequent scheme of the ofificial order
would have to be drav/n back one year, because Ttolemais could
not then have had the secretaryship in 227/6 B.C. But the com-
plete coincidence' between the tribes of the secretaries for 168/7,
125/4. ii2/i,and loi/o B.C. and the tribes which should furnish
the secretaries in those years if it were not so drawn back, proves
conclusively that to draw it back is impo.ssible. Therefore the
only years for Krgochares and Diokles arc 234/3 and 223/2 B.C.
By this means Leochares is fixed to 236/5, Theopliilos to 235/4,
Niketes to 233/2, Antiphilos to 232/1, [ ].y to 224/3, K"pki-
letos to 222/1 and Herakleitos to 221/0 B.C.
J5 31. Chairephon" and Aischron." 225/4 and 217/6 B.C.
' 'E0. 'Apx- if^gy. p- 42 ff.
••C.I.A. II, 618, 1195, 1591 ; '£0. 'kpx. 1897, P- 42 ff.
'C.I. A. II, 839; IV 2, 385 (1, 619b, 1. 18.
< C.I.A. II, 619 ; cf. 'E^. 'Apx. 1897, p. 39 f. ?
<* C.I.A. II, 619; IV 2, 3856.
« Bates, Cornell Studies, VIII (1898), p. 28 flF.
' Cornell Strdies, VII ( 1898), p. 44 ff. ; A. J. P. XIX ( 1898), p. 314 f.
«C.I.A. IV 2, 619 b; II, 622.
••C.I.A. IV 2, 619 b.
42
The Athenian Archons.
ii' !!
ij 1
\\^
To such a date for Diokles the following passage from C.I. A.
IV 2, 619 b, 1. 2411. luiglit be tlioilgllt to be hostile: ywo\kivy\%
hi Kixi Tr;s iravTi] [yi5p«] *»« toiv 'EAtu(r [i] vto) \y\ toi/a ^ktyaXiov iv Tois irttnv, oU
icrTparr'iyrjKiv ( ^rjfiaivtro'i ) , iOvcriv TaU OiaU fxira rmv i^ EKivinvot ■mpi
T [^ ] S Tov hr'ifiov iTu)T7ifnu<i ■ iirtfxt\i]6r) Si Kiii Tr/s TW fivarrjpidtv [t<A] iriji
Kaff iKavT-qv (T T par r)y Lav. The lileiisiiiia, which are to be clislill-
guished from tlie Mysteries, were held annually, but in connec-
tion with them caaie a Trieteris and a Tonteteris. It is generally
thought that these fell on the first and secotic! or third and fourth
years of an olympiad respectively, and that when the IClensinia
are termed ra fitydKa, the Fenteteris is meant. vSchtschoukareff'
takes the passage (|Uoted to mean that in each year of Demainetos'
generalship the Pcnteteris was held, and that therefore the three
archons in whose years he was general, Chairephon, Diokles, and
Aischron came each in the third or fourth year of an olympiad.
Diokles however comes in the second year of an olymi)iad : more-
over, what the decree says is that ' ' when the fete of the great Kleu-
sinia fell in the years in which he was general he sacrificed etc.,"
which only gives us warrant for holding that the great I^leusinia
came in more than one of the three years. Indeed the absence
of TTcTo-i when contrasted with its presence in the same phrase a
few lines farther on — Kaiei' naa-L toTs ertm^v aiJToI? TrpoSiSous apyvpiov
<U ((rOiJTa kt\. — , should in itself have told us that Demainetos on
two occasions only had had a chance to take part in the great Klen-
sinia. Since Diokles' year is excluded, the other two must be
those of the great fete and are preferai)ly 225/4 and ■217/6 B.C.,
since A. Mommsen has presented good reasons for placing the
Penteteris in the fourth year of an olympiad.'^
Further, C.I. A. IV 2, 619 1/ has been assumed to prove that
Chairephon, Diokles, and Aischron all came after the accession of
Philip V to the throne of Macedon (221/0 B.C.).* But this does
not at all follow. The decree is i)assed by the .soldiers in the
<l>povpM under the command of the (rrpari/jyoi inl ttjv \iopav rrjv iir
•B.C.H. XII (1888), p. 74 ff.
'Feste derStadt AthenimAltertum, ( 1898), p. I79ff ; cf'E.^. 'Apx- {1896),
p. 26, no. 5.
'Cf. 'E.^. 'Apx. (1897), p. 4r f. no. 12.
■' vSchtschoukareff, B.C.H. XII (1S88), p. 71.
I.
"'I
J.
2jilo-2jol29 lie/ore Christ.
43
''EKtv&ivo'i. In it, before proceeding to recount the services ren-
dered to themselves hy Deniainclos tiieir general in the three
archonships mentioned, they refer to the rewards bi stowed upon
him by the people of Athens for his public services. These
public services were undoubtedly performed by him in and be-
tween the years in which he was general. The present ten.se
SiartAu u.sed in reference to them, as contrasted with the aorist
huTiXKTiv used in reference to his past private services, makes this
the only fair interpretation of the passage. His public .services
are mentioned first in the decree becau.se of the precedent atid con-
firmation found in the state's recognition of them for the recogni-
tion liis soldiers arc about to give of his services to themselves in
his capacity of general. Tliey consisted in his numerous em-
bassies to Philip, and to the Aetolian League with the object of
securing peace with both, and of preserving Attic territory from
injury at the hands of either. They are such, as vSchtschoukareff'
shows, as could have been performed only during the Social War
( 2 21/0-2 1 6/5 B.C.). The year assigned for the tli . id generalship of
Demainetos, 217/6 B.C., accords well with this fact.
45 32. Jason.' 231/0 B.C.
Jason was archon thirty-two years after Arrhenides. therefore
in 231/0 B.C.
g 33. Kalli-» 230/29 B.C.
The evidence favors the year immediately preceding Menekrates
for Kalli- . From C.I, A. II, 1591 it seems that a girl was arrhe-
phoros in these two archonships. vSince that was an office open
only to maids when between seven and eleven years of age* — otto
^Twv iwra fiixpi<i (v8eKa it would appear that 230/29 B.C. is the
only possible year for Art/// - ; for Menekrates comes in 229/8
B.C. and the preceding seven years are already occujjied.
M. c.
' Rohde, Rhein. Mus. XXXIII (1878), p. 622 ff. ; see above p. 30.
•C.I.A. II, 1591 ; cf. SchtschoukarefT, B.C.H. XII (1S88), p. 79.
* See Hunziger, Daremberg et Saglio, s.v. Arrhephoria ; cf. Monimsen,
Feste der Sladt Allien, p. 108, n. i ; Etyin. Mag. s.v. dppri<poptiv.
f
:i ;.
; >)
•■ t
t ■
! !
1 I
'111
t
II!
51 > I
!i
'\ ;
n
M
! I
'i
' i
IJ
1 \ '*'^.
I
44
T/ic Athenian Archons.
% 34. Menekrates.' 229 8 B.C.
See under Dioinedoti.
i^ 35. Diomedon.^ 228/7 ^■^■
If one tries to complete the dating of C.I. A. II, 334 it is found
that only at the time of the thirteen triDes and in an ordinary
year is that possible. Before the €/li/3o\i/xos day of Elaphebolion
there must have jxissed 266 days. At the time ot the thirteen
tribes the 267th day corresponded to the fourth of the tenth pry-
tany. The decree should therefore read as follows;
Tu/xt'as crrpaTiw [TtKoJc]
EvpvKAet'Sijs MiKtwi/os [Kt^c/ho-ievs]
['EJTri Aio/xc'Soi'ros apypvTO'i iirl T^s [Ar;/w.7;rpia8os ' ScKa.rrj'i tt/o] vravetas,
^ ^opv(TKiSr)i 'ApKTTOfiivov 'A [A.iju,oi;cno5* iypafifidrejvev 'EAa<JI>7;/8oAia)vos
fvu KOL via ift.\_/3oXLfJHi) rtrdpret. t^s] TrpvTavet'as • iKKXrjcria' twv TrpoeSpwv
iirt\j/Ti'](f>i^tv aros TcAeo-tVou 'Ep;^t£[vs kJcu cru [/XTrpdeSpoi] •
[®e]6<f>r)p.o<; Tip.oKkeovs Mapa6(i)vioi £t7r£[v] ktX.
Tlieopliemos' motion was to the effect that voluntary contribu-
tions — not under 50 drachmae nor over 2co to be accepted from
anyone — be solicited, in order that the treasurer of the military
department might have the wherewithal to insure an unmolested
harvesting of the crops. Then followed a list of at least one
hundred and twenty names of those who had responded to the
appeal, and very prominent among them were those of Euryklei-
des a!id Mikiou of Kephisia. There is now no reason to doubt
the identity of the.se two individuals with the statesmen mentioned
by Poly bins, Plutarch, and Pausania.s" as dominating Athens be-
tween 229 and 213 B.C. The many correspondences of names
found in the list referred to with those found in inscriptions
of the lasi half of the third century B.C. is strong corroborative
evidence. One has only to mention Hieroklesof Sunion," Niketes
' See above p. 41.
'C.I.A. II, 334. «36. 8.'59. frg- d- L iS ; IV 2. 618 b.
' See Koehler's remark on C.I. A. II, 836.
♦ See below p. 47. '''See below p. 45, n. 4.
"C.I.A. II, 982.
fl
"M
B gaww— r ag
229\S-22S\'j Before Christ.
45
of Pergase/ Eriotos of Melite.' Aischroii of Paiauia, Thymo-
chares of Spliettos, lyysitheides of Erchia, Chairephon of Eitea,
Sosigenes of Paiauia, and Tlieophemos of Marathon— the last six
of whom were perhaps archons. More conchisive still is the evi-
dence of names which belong to well known families. Compare
the following stemmata :
I. Deme = Kephisia.
Mikion^ (c. 250 I3.C. )•
Mikion. *
Eurykleides^ (c. 225 B.C.).
i^Iikion^ (c. 200 B.C.).
Hurykleides" (c. 175 B.C.).
Mikion' (c. 150 B.C.). Eurykleides* (c, 150 B.C.
Habrylli,s.»
Eurykleidcs '" (c. 125 B.C.).
Mikion" (c. loo B.C. ).
Lysistrale'2 (c. 75 B.C.).
' C.I. A. II, 550, Add. 1392 b ; IV 2, 385 d, 1. 44 (223-2 B.C.) ; 'E0. ' kpx-
1S97, p. 40, no. 9.
^C.I.A. II, 335.
'Otherwise unknown.
♦ Pint. Aral. XU ; Polyb. V, 106 ; Pans. II. 9, 4 ; C.I. A. II, 334, 379, S58 ;
IV 2, 385 c. The activity of these two brothers is included within the limits
229 and 213 B.C.
»C.I.A. 11, 379 (c. 228 B.C.), S58 (c. 225 B.C.), 966 B, 1. 21 (c. 190 B.C.).
982 (c. 200 B.C.), 9S3 (183-2 B.C.); IV 2, 1161 b (c. 210 B.C.); Head,
Historia Nunioruni, p. 319.
"CI. A. II, 966 A, 1. 39 (c. 190 B.C.), 983 (183-2 B.C.) ; Head H. N. p. 320.
'C.I. A. II, 966 A, 1. 44 (c. 190 B.C.; at this time he is .styled ceuiTepos;- Jr. ) ;
1047 (c. 125 B.C.) ; Head, H. N. p. 321.
''C.I.A. II, 970 (c. 150 B.C.), 1047 (c. 125 B.C.) ; Head, H. N. p. 321.
9 C.I. A. II, 1388, 2169.
'"C.I.A. II, 1047 (c. 125 B.C. ; his r.ame is among the later additions to
this list but probably the first names were inscribed earlier than 125 B.C. ).
" Otherwi.se unknown.
" C.I.A. IV 2, 477 d. This .stemma disagrees in some respects with that
given by Kir-'.iner in his Prosopographiae Atticae specimen, 1890, p. 8.
For my purpose here the value of both is equal. The years oppo.site the
names in my stemma indicate the approxiii ate time at which each flourished.
I 1
i I:
1 'i"
H
•V.
11
a l^
I i
II l!i.
I-; '
46
77/^ Athenian Archons.
II, Deiiie = Erchia.
Dickies' c. 260 B.C.).
Dromeas- (c. 235 B.C.).
Diokles' (c. 210 B.C.).
Dromeas* (c. 185 B.C.).
Diokles'^ (c. 185 B.C.).
Diokles" (c. 160 B.C.).
III. Denie= Plivle.
Dromeas' (c. 160 B.C. ).
Asklepiades. *
Xenon'' (c. 260 B.C.).
Asklepiades'" (c. 225 B.C.).
Xenon" (c. 190 B.C.).
Asklepiades'" (c. 150 B.C.). Philanthes" (c. 150 B.C.).
Xenon" (c. 120 B.C.). Asklei)iades'^ (e. 120 B.C.).
Apollophanes"' (c. 80 B.C.).
So the great-grandson of Paiisiniachos of Kolonos" appears to
have lived in the neighborhood of 150 B.C.
' Elsewhere unknown.
"C.I. A. ir, 305 (241-0 B.C.), 334 (228-7 B.C.).
' C.I.A. II, 330 (245-4 B.C. ; Diokles was an ephebe in this year), 334.
*C.I.A. II, 9S3, col. II, 1. 82 (1S3-2 B.C.).
* C.I.A. II, 9S2 (c. 200 B.C.).
"C.I.A. II, 1047 (c. 125 B.C.).
'C.I.A. II, 444. 1. 73 (161^ B.C.), 445, 1- 53 (158-5 B.C.).
** Elsewhere unknown.
'C.I.A. II, 334 (2^8-7 B.C.).
"C.I.A. II, 334 (22S-7 B.C.), 1216; cf. IV 2, 1216 (233-2 B.C.; in
Niketes' archonship Asklepiades was general).
"C.I.A. II, 9S3, col. I, 1. 98 (183-2 B.C.), 420 (186-5 B.C.).
"C.I.A. II, 983, col. I, 1. loi (183-2 B.C.), 1047 (c. 125 B.C.).
"C.I.A. II, 983, col. I, 1. 102 (183-2 B.C.); B.C.H. XVI (1892), p. 376f.
(132-1B.C.).
'♦B.C.H. VI (18S2), p. 320 (1 18-7 B.C.); Ill (1879), P- 37i ("8-7 B.C.);
XV(i89i), p. 252 (c. 135 B.C.).
'^ Elsewhere unknown.
'"C.I.A. II, 465, 1. 74 (105-4 B.C. ; Apollophanes was an ephebe in this
year).
"C.I.A. 11, 334; cf. II, 1047,1. 28.
WW-
wmmm
■ I I T-rm iii
229l8-228ly Before Christ.
47
to
Not only do the members of these families whose names are
found in our inscription of Diomedon's j'ear appear in other in-
scriptions of the latter part of the third century, but they are all
four generations earlier than those who represented tiie same
families at about 150 B.C. If .six generations had intervened,
som- traces of the fourtli and fifth should have remained. Every-
thing points to the last part of the third century for Diomedon, a
fact, as Koehler states, now generally conceded: "nemo hodie
dubitat quin Diomedon archon non ad tempora belli Chremonidei
sed ad ultima decennia saeculi tertii referendus sit." '
Now, when we come to consider the secretary, we find that his
deme-name was A[ ]. A careful consideration'^ of all the
deme-names extant shows that only four are possible, 'AAwn-eK^^ev,
'A^o^avrevs, 'AAiyuouVios, and 'A/iw/xwveevs. The last name must be
rejected at once, inasmuch as it is found only in late Roman
times.' The two first have to be rejected al.so, and for this
reason: between 229/8 and 213/2 B.C. — the year in which
Eurykleides and Mikion were murdered — there is no place for a
secretary from either Hippothontis or Antiochis. 'AAi/xouVtos
alone remains. For the tribe to which it belongs, Leontis, there
are two possibilities, 228/7 a'-id 215/4 B.C. But in the list of con-
tributors already referred to* there is found the name of Lykon,
the philosopher, who according to Diogenes Laertius succeeded
Straton as head of the Peripatetic school in the one hundred and
twenty-seventh olympiad, and remained head for forty-four
years. ^ Hence the very latest date at which he could have been
alive is 225/4 B.C. This leaves 228/7 B.C. as the only possible
year for Diomedon.
'NotetoC.I.A. IV 2, 618 b.
"That given by me in Cornell Studies, VII (1S98), p. 51, was not careful
enough. It is now easily possible by means of Bates' lists (Cornell Studies,
VIII ( 1898), p. 64 ff. ) to make such a consideration.
* It belonged to Hippothontis at any rate and hence is liable to the same
objection as 'A/itofovTei)s.
*C.I.A. II, 334, frg. d, 1. 29.
* V, 68.
':rBi!
48
The Athenian Archons.
'ii.i
!■
w
) I
The successor of Menekrates in the archouship was [ ]wv.'
Menekrates came between 230/29 and 224/3 B.C. With KalH -
and [ ] wvlie forms a compact group of three within the interval.
Assuming for Diomedon 228/7 B.C. ascertain, and for Chairephon
225/4 B.C. as probable, we have then two positions for Mene-
krates, according as we fill up [ jtuf with Aio/ie'Swv or Xaiptcftutv,
via., 229/8 or 226/5 B.C. The latter however is impossible ; for
it would force Kallaischros^ into the position of innnediate pre-
decessor of Diokles, whereas C.I. A. II, S59, frg. b, 1. 3 .shows
that the predece.ssor of Diokles had only seven letters in his name.
The contributions made in Diomedon's archouship with a view
to the preservation of the city and the defense of the country,
find now a ready explanation. We see how it was that the Athe-
nians, upon the witlidravval of the Macedonian garrison through
the judicious use which Aratos made of Ptolemy's money, were
not forced to throw in their lot with the Achaean League.* The
citizens themselves came forward, the rich with their money,*
and the poor with their .services. The expen.ses were met by vol-
untary contributions, and the cotnitry was defended by citizen-
garri.sons in Kleusis, Phyle, Panakton, and in the open country.
The fortifications of the harbours were strengthened and the
walls of the city repaired.^ Tlie new era was marked by a new
•C.I. A. II, S59, frg. (1, 1. 15.
•^ This name is largely restored but it certainly had at least eleven letters ;
cf. 'E<p. 'Apx. 1H97, p. 42 iT. no. 13.
^ Holm, IvT. IV, ]). 22S f. ; see Bates, Cornell Studies, \'III, ]>. 31 f.
* The pojjularity of the movement for independence is shown by the large
number of citizens who in the .space of one month in 228-7 B.C. contributed
for state defenses the maximiun amount of two hundred drachmae ; cf.
C.I. A. II, 379 for a case of individual patriotism.
''C.I. A. II, 379, 3S0 ; in 380 there are several references which suggest
C.I. A. II, 334, e.,l^., ^i' ^7ri56(r€[u)s], els rrjv (Tu)Tr)pla.v tw^ 7r[o\iTcD>'], [iliriSijiKev
Kai virip eav^ToO Kal uwip tw^v i;to[>'] ap.(poT4puv bcov w\€i<TTov (i. i',, 200
drachmae). This V)eing so, the phra.se, Kal [>']0[i' rov St^/uou et's tt/v dxij]p<^cnv
ToO ^v 7Jq. Xi,ti^i'o[s i/'770i(ra^^i'oii ivlSoaiv'] which nuust be connected with the
Kal Toiii \ip.^vas uixijpi^(y[e] of C.I. A. II, 379 (after 229 B.C.), is a confinnation
for the location of C.I.A. II, 334, /. e., Diomedon, in the neighborhood of
228-7 B.C.
! I
I'/
22S\y-22'/l^ Before Christ.
49
series of Attic coins with an appropriate device.' The period was
one of religious activity as well. In Diomedon's archonship a
sacred table and ewers were placed in the Asklepieion, and a list
of the donors and their dedications to its god was published." In
Diokles' archonsliip a committee appointed by the people to take
down and re-adjust the material in the temple made its report,*
and in Thrasyphon's year the gold and silver offerings to the
hero-phy,sician were made over into an oinochoe to be dedicated
by the senate to the same god.* A new temenos was consecrated
to the Demos and the Graces,^ and the two men, to whom the
liberty of Athens was mostly due, Diogenes and Ptolemy, were
honored, the one by the institution of the Diogeneia, the other
by the introduction of the Ptolemaia. Guided by the wiie coun-
sels of Eurykleides and Mikion. Athens looked towards Rome,
Attalos, and Ptolemy as guarantors of her neutrality, and during
the stormy close of the third century, when tlie whole Mediter-
ranean basin, Italy, Spain, Carthage, Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor,
Crete, Rhodes, Byzantium, Macedonia, Aetolia, Acliaia, and
Sparta resounded with the din of war, Attica enjoyed a season of
comparative peace.
§36. [Ka]lla[ischros] ?.* 227/5 B.C.
Theophrastos, a gymnasiarch in Antiphilos' archonship and a
hipparch in Menekrates' archonship was promoted to the general-
ship of Eleusis in that of Kallaischros. This points to a close
connection between the three archons. The years intervening
between the la.st two can hardly have been as marv as ten,
especially since the inscription lacks any indication of such an
interval. The Ptolemy mentioned in connection with Theo-
phrastos' functions as gymnasiarch was Ptolemy Euergetes.' Had
» Head, H. N. p. 316 flf.
' C.I. A. II, 836 ; cf. above p. 31 f.
'C.I.A. II, 839.
*C.I.A. II, 403 ; cf. Add. 405 b.
* Koehler, note to C.I. A. IV 2, 385 c.
* 'E0. 'kpx. 1897, p. 42 ff. no. 13.
'Cf. C.I.A. II, 381.
:ibMtiikM,iiiiiiiMjmi<lMife<i)U.
t
50
The Athenian Archons.
I
Kallaischros been archon after Archelaos (220/19 B.C.) the reign-
ing Ptoleniv would have been Philopator. Something more than
the title King would have been required to distinguish the two,
and this, as far as we can judge, was wanting.' Therefore the
probabilities for Kallaischros are 227/6 or 226/5 B.C.
§ 37. C.I. A. IV 2, 385 f. 226/5 or 213/2 B.C.
This decree belongs to the time of the thirteen tribes. The
secretary was 'Apto-ToreXT/s ©eaii/eVov K.t\j^i.\'qOe.v] of the tribe
Akamantis. The possibilities are 226/5 and 213/2 B.C. Between
them I see no way of deciding. Th« archon's name had ten
letters in its geiiitivt* case. If 226/5 B.C. is chosen, then
Kallaischros probably belongs to 227/6 B.C.
§ 33. Patiades and Kallistratos.^ 216/5 and 206/5 B.C.
These two archons are found in the metrical fr ignent of
Apollodoros' chronicle quoted by Philodemos in his list of the
Academic philosophers. As deciphered by Gomperz it runs :
% \ ^ ^ '
OKTU) Kai OiKa,
TocravTa 8' erepa rrpoa-Xa [/3] iov ttjv tov /Jt'ov
MeraXXay^v fTTOirjaraT ^[tJi KaWiarrpaTov,
Etti IlaTiaSov 8 erepoi \tyov<Tiv, o)v BiKa
*Et7J [8J laXiTTCiv, TciTri 7ra(ri 810 v[ocr]ov
EyeVovro 8 avrov Ilacreas re Kai ©pacrvs
TptVos 8' ' \pi(TTi.7nroi (rvvijOeii Koi 8uo
[ Ettictt;] /AOTaroi /ia[At]crTa Tr]\tK\rj<: rt koI
ISivavBpos — .
Tlie names Telekles and Euandros show clearly that we have
to do with the philosopher lyikydes, who, according to Diogenes
Laertius,' died in tlie year 216/5 B.C. One of the two archons,
Kallistratos and Patiades, certainly belongs to that year : the
other comes ten years before or after. Gomperz thinks that
I In 272-1 B.C. ? Ptolemy I was termed irpecr^irepot ; see C.I. A. II, 331.
'C.I. A. 11,406; the secretary was 'AyvwvlSrif 'AiraTov[plo']u — ; Biicheler,
Index Here. Acad. Phil. col. XXVII, p. 17 ; Gomperz, Sitzungsb. d. k.
Akad. d. Wissens. zu Wien, CXXIII ( 1890), VI, p. 83 ff. ; cf. Preuner, Hermes,
XXIX (1894), p. 554.
» IV, 60 f.
20/'l6 Before Christ.
51
Patiades was archon in 216/5 B.C. and Kallistratos in 206/5 B.C.
His reason for this view is that in the life of I^akydes there is
assigned by Diogenes Laertius an interval of twenty-six years
between tiie death of Arkesilaos in 242/1 B.C. and that of
Lakydesin 216/5 B.C., only part of which was spent by him as head
of the school. Apollodoros on the other hand, wiio selected
Kallistratos' archonship as that of I^akydes' death, allows to him
eigliteen years as head of the school and eighteen years besides,
or thirty-six in all, noting at the same time the discrepancy of
ten years that existed between the two archons to whose years
his death was assigned. Kallistratos therefore was thirty-six,
PaUades twenty-six, years later than 242/1 B.C. This reasoning
seems to me satisfactory. Gomperz then identifies Kallistratos
with the Kalli— of C.I.A. II, 1591. In this he is clearly
wrong; for under no circumstances could Menekrates and his
successors in C.I.A. II, 859 have come later than 206/5 B.C.
The relations of Athens with the Aetolians and Philip known
to exi.st in the archonships of Chairephon, Diokles, and
Aischron are conclusive on that point ; for, if Menekrates came
in 205/4 B.C., Diokles could have been archon only in one of the
two years 202/1 or 201/0 B.C., at which time the Athenians had
little desire to be friendly with Philip, or to commend anyone for his
efforts to obtain his friendship for them. Besides, the sec retary
will not allow Diokles to be archon in either of the.se two y. ars.
§ 39. Thrasyphon.' 207/6 B.C. ?
The secretary was - - rov Ilaiamus of the tribe Pandionis or
Antigonis. This individual belonged to Antigonis ; for had he
belonged to Pandionis the o .ly possibilities would be 216/5 and
203/2 B.C., both of which are already occupied. Therefore 207/6
B.C. alone is possible for Thrasyphoi!. The drnypai^eus who in
223/2 B.C. is termed vewTcpos appears in Thrasyphon's archonship
without that title.''
' C.I.A. II, 403.
» C.I.A. II, 839, 1. 10; 11,403,1. 52.
;i 1
52
The Athenian Archons.
ili
§ 40. C.I. A. II, 385. 205/4 B.C.
The secretary was - s Mei/tcrT/jdrou Aa/iTrrptu's of the tribe An-
tigonis or Ereohtlieis. Iti the decree the following phrases occur :
[T]dT«a(7Tv Kai To/x Iletpuia Kai, EidvSpou O'j^pXa.^, [6 /3a]<nA.«us*ATTa\os.
The first refers to the events of 229 B.C. W^ith regard to the
other two Koehler says : conlaudabatnr homo quidam Pergamen-
us qui qiium Athenis .scholas Euaudri Academici frequeutasset,
postea in patriam redux apud Attalum regein de Atheniensibus
bene meritus erat. Euaiider suscepit principatum .scholae Aca-
demicae post Lacydem a. 215 a. Ch., vid. Diog. L'lert. IV 8
(Cic. Acad. pr. II 6). This dates the inscription betwcLMi 216/5
and IQ7 B.C. — tlie year of Attalos' death. Within these limits
the only year possible is 205/4 B.C.
§41. Antimachos.' 203/2 B.C.?
The secretary belonged to the tribe Pandionis. Different
periods are assigned to Antimachos. Schtschonkareff places him
in the last quarter of the third cent. : Koehler, Unger, and
Wilamowitz are in favor of the fir.st quarter : Schoeffer inclines
towards the middle and Wilhelm is non-committal. There would
seem tiierefore to be the following possibilities : 277/6 ?, 265/4,
253/2, and 203/2 B.C." The identifications made by Schtschou-
kareff of two names found in C.I. A. II, 303, 304 with similar
names found in C.I. A. II, 983 (183/2 B.C. ) are strongly in favor
of the latest year.' In Antimachos' archonship citizens and mer-
cenaries were stationed at Eleusis : the Athenians had .some deal-
ings with the Rhodians : contributions had recently been made
for the defense of the city. These are our only other clues for
distinguishing between the years mentioned above.
> C.I. A. II, 303, 304, 1349 ; cf. 496.
'Indeed it is difficult for nie to see why 191-0 and 179-8 B.C. should be
excluded. Perhaps the lettering determines that much.
'In C.I. A. II, 304 Auko/utJStjs Ai-made the motion : in C.I. A. II, 983, col,
II, 1. 59 {183-2 B.C.) [A]u/co/ii)[5Tjs] contributed [on behalf of himself and
son and also] on behalf of a second son Aio»'i/[<r — ]. In C.I. A. II, 303 — . . . »
'Api(rTo[/i . . o]u no\[Xijv]ei^s put the motion : in C.I. A. II, 983, col. Ill, 1.
81 (183-2), among the contributors was [ — ' kp\iaro\).6.x°^ IIo\Xi;(v«iJs).
20jl3-202li Before Christ. 53
In 253/2 B.C. Macedonian garrisons guarded Attica: contribu-
tions for the defense of the city would be then less natural.' In
265/4 i^-C. the Atlienians were cooped up in the city by An-
tigonos Gonatas : a garrison at Eleusis would be quite improb-
able. These twor; years should therefore be rejected. There is
nothing known of the .situation at Athens in 277/6 B.C. to sati.sfy
any one of our three requirements. Moreover these three years are
almost certainly excluded by Sclitschoukarefif's identifications.
There remains only 203/2 B.C. If CI. A. II, 303 and 304 belong
to this year, they prove that the year was intercalary : they do
not prove that there were only twelve tribes.
§ 42. Nikophon and Dionysios.- c. 210 B.C. ?
Nikias, the soil of Polyxenos, of Poros, who made the motion in
Piianarcliid:;.s' archousliip perfonn^'d a like function in Dionysios'
year.' In Dionysios' archonship the priest of Aphrodite and the
Graces was Mikion, the .son of Eurykleides, of Kephisia, whose
aKiKy) may be placed at about 200 B.C.' Nikophon preceded
Dionysios immediately.' Schoeffer assigns the pair to the period
216- 206 B.C." which would seem as near right as we can now get.
§43. Phanarchides.' 202/1 B.C. ?
This archon came in the third year of an olympiad. The
Eumaridas of the two earlier decrees of C.I. A. IV 2, 385 c (237/6
and 220/19 B.C.) was now dead, and his .son was confirmed in
his proxeiu'a by Athens. Mikion and Eurykleides were probably
dead also, for they no longer patronize the Cretan family. 2 10/09
and 202/1 B.C. would seem to be the preferable years* for Pha-
' Cf. however C.I.A. IV 2, 373 g.
'C.I. A. II, 401 ; IV 2, 623 b; 1161 b.
'C.I.A. IV 2, 385 c; 11,401.
♦C.I.A. IV 2, 1 161 b.
* C.I.A. IV 2, 623 b.
* Panly-Wissowa, II, p. 590.
'C.I.A. 11,392; IV 2, 385 c.
» Head, H. N. (Holm, ET. IV, p. 351) thinks that Kydonia, the native city
of Eumaridas and his son, was represented at the congress held in Athens in
201 B.C.
■I
%
'■r
- M^m^m m m ' *- '■ "*f"«M
54
T/ie Athenian Archons.
narchides. His successor is mentioned in C.I. A. II, 392 as 6
/iCTa ^oivapxihrjiv and occupied an intercalary year. The secretary
for the latter year was XI^okA^s Ilt/ji — .
45 44. Sosigenes.' c. 200 B.C. ?
Tlie inscription from which we get Sosigenes is headed thus ;
Etti 2w(Tiy<Vou dp;(oi'T05 o[r8£ t— KuyTov nvpyov &.v\i^d\r)K(xv^ . The
following names among those given in the list demand for
Sosigenes a place somewhere midway between 228/7 ^"<i 183/2
B.C. : Mikion, Diokles, Archias, Aischron, Sosigenes himself,
Hierokles. The .stemma of the Echedemos' family is as follows :
Deme= Kydathcnaion.
Mne.sitheos^ (c. 340 B.C.).
Echedemos' (c. 310 B.C.).
Isandros* (c. 2S0B.C.).
Mnesitheos^ (c. 280 B.C.).
Kchedemos" (c. 250 B.C.).
Miiesitheo.s' (c. 220 B.C.).
Echedemos** (c. 190 B.C.).
Mnesitheos" (c. 160 B.C.). Arketos'" (c. 160 B.C.).
Mnesitheo.s" (c. 130 B.C.). Echedemos" (c. 130 B.C.).
Inasmuch as C.I. A. II, 982 lacks the names of the two famous
'C.I. A. II, 982.
' Otherwise unknown.
' Ephebe in 334-3 B.C ; see C.I. A. IV 2, 563 b.
^C.I.A. II. 1403; IV 2, 318 b (282-1 B.C.).
»C.I.A. IV 2, 318 b.
«C.I.A. II, 1403.
' Unknown but necessary, inasmucli as the father of Mnesitheos and
Arketos of C.I. A. II, 983 (183-2 B.C.) cannot have been the son of the
Mnesitheos of C.I. A. IV 2, 318 b (282-1 B.C.).
"C.I.A. 11,982,983.
•C.I.A. II, 983, 966 (post 191 B.C.).
'"C.I.A. II, 446 (c. 150 B.C.), 983 (183-2 B.C.).
"c.I.A. II, 1047 (c. 125 B.C.), 446 (c. 150 B.C.).
"C.I. A. II, 446 (c. 150 B.C.).
\
I
'
1
rSS\7-/86l^ Before Christ.
35
statesmen Rurykleides and Mikion' there is a likelihood that it
belongs after 213 B.C. Sclioeffer places it in the period 216-206
B.C. I can see no reason for fixing any definite terminus ante
quern, c. 200 B.C. should not be far wrong.
845. Symmachos.'Theoxenos,' and Zopyros.* 188/7-186/5
B.C.
That these three archons follow one another directly in the
order given is evident from C.I. A. II, 975, frg. a. The secre-
taries for Symmachos' and Zopyros' years are extant and give us as
possibilities for our group 200/199, 199/8, and 198/7 B.C. and 188/7,
187/6, and 186/5 B.C. 213/2 B.C. and following are excluded
by the fact that in Symmachos' archonsliip there certainly were
only twelve tribes.* Liter than 188/7 ff- B.C. we cannot go, be-
cause Hermogenes and Timesianax, the two archons next extant
in C.I. A. II, 975, must be assigned to 183/2 and 182/1 B.C.
Between 200/199 ff. and 188/7 ^- B.C. we can make a choice
with considerable certainty. Fragment a of C.I. A. II, 975 was
at the head of a column, but that it headed col. II, where Koehler
puts it, and did not stand directly over frg. b at the head of col,
III, I do not see how from the fragments themselves anyone can
affirm with certainty. From the tangencies of names which
occur in the inscriptions of these archons we are able however to
affirm the latter. For if it stood as Koehler puts it, then, inas-
much as at least three years must in that case have intervened
between Zopyros and 183/2 B.C., 198/7 and not 186/5 B.C.
would have to be chosen for Zopyros. But for 186/5 B.C. the
following name-connections speak empliatically : (i) Tlie secre-
tary of the orgeones in C.I. A. IV 2, 624 b (175/4 B.C.) had been
appointed in Theoxenos' year. A tenure of such an office for 24
years would be unprecedented. (2) Demetrios, the son of
• Only a small portion of the list is extant but the names of Mikion 's
father and uncle should have immediately preceded his, had they been alive.
' C.I.A. II, 416, 4r7, 975 ; IV 2, 417 b, c.
» C.I.A. II, 975 ; IV 2, 624 b, 1. 6.
♦C.I.A. 11,420, 975.
« C.I.A. II, 416; IV 2, 417 c.
*M*lM
wW*'*f'^<r^— *■■■■"">>■ ■■!) fwrMf'^!*
56
The Athenian Archons.
W )
I I
I i
li \
Ktesoii, of Prohaliiithos, who in Syinmadios' year ninvt'<l C.I. A.
IV a, 417 h, also moved C.I. A. II, 4;,9 in 185/4 ^C Moreover
the two inscriptions dealt with Ivjjyptian mutters, ami were
worded almost identically. In 200, i^y IJ.C. the Ptolemy, whose
favor was sought through botli decree.s, was a boy of only eight
or nine years. ('3) One of the ijri/xe\»;rai t^/s tto/xtt^s for Zopyros'
year' was 'AAtfuvS/jos 'Ai/nydi/cv 'Orpui'tvs who likewise appears
among the uporroiot' in Lysiades' year (166/5 B.C. ?).^ Another
of the hieropoioi in Lysiades' year was [*I]<"i' 'A/x^ir/ooTr^dti',' who
was likewise an epimeletes in Zopyros' year. Obviously 186/5
B.C. for Zopyros is none too late to meet the demands of these
two names. Another of the hieropoioi' was Kparep/xos 'Pa/xvovo-tos
the son doubtless of the epiinelctes for Zopyros' year, 'A^Tyea [8J ijs
K/3aT€'[pn*]ou 'Po/ii/ouVtos. A great-grandson of the epimeletes is
doubtless to be found in the [Kp] ttre/o/t < v > os 'A^z/i/aSou 'Pu/utvov'irtos
of 105/4 B-C." (4) Xenon, the son of Asklepiades, of Phyle,
who made the motion in Zopyros' year* must have been a com-
paratively y(mng man in 198/7 B.C. In 183/2 B.C. his two sons
were still minors.' Among the contributors in 183/2 B.C." is
found [M] ei'£/ia;(os ' AvOivTrfpiov iy Muppivo[vT]T»;s who was an epime-
letes in Zopyros' archonship. A .son of Menemachos named An-
the.sterios was still vigorous in 138/7 B.C." A grandson or grand-
nephew of the epimeletes 'AyadoxX^s Avo-iaSou B£peviKi[8]7;s is to be
seen in the ephebe — os Avo-ioSov B£p(e)viKi8»/s of 119/8 l.C.'" One
' C.I. A. II, 420 ; all the epimeletai for Zupyros' year below mentioned
come from this inscription.
' C.I. A. II, 953, 1. 16 ; .see below p. 62 fT.
' C.I.A. II. 953, 1. 28.
*C.I.A. II, 953, 1. 14.
»C.I.A. II, 465. 1. 67.
•C.I.A. II, 420; cf. p. 45.
^ C.I.A. II, 983, col. I, 1. 98fr.
•C.I.A. II, 983, col. I, 1.43.
•See below p. 71 ; cf. for a brother of Menemachos C.I.A. II, 952, 1. 8.
"C.I.A. II, 469, 1. 125 ; cf. C.I.A. II, 952, 1. 16 for the brother, and C.I.A.
II, 1047, 1. 20 for the son or nephew, of Agathokles.
i
/Sdlj^-zStyl^ Before Christ,
57
of the cpiinek'lai in C.I. A. IV 2, 952 b, 1. 12 (c. 125 B.C.)' was
Eu/3ios 'HpaKuii/To? <I>u\a[(Tt]os , tile soil ot 'HpuKwi/ Evfiiov 4>vAafnos the
epimeletes tor Zopyros' year.
(1^46. Eupolemos." 185/4 IJ.C.
Denietrios, the son of Ktesoii, of Prii!)alintho.s, who made a
motion in ICnpolemos' year," performed a like fnnetioii in
Symmacho.s' year (188/7 B.C.).* Simon, the .son of Simon, of
Poro.s, wh ) was amon;^ tlie Dionysiastai in Kiipolemos' archon-
ship,* made a motion in Hermojjenes' year (183/2 B.C.).* Diony-
.sogeiies, the son of Dionysios, of Paiania, one of .the Dionysiastai
just mentioned, was among the contriljutors in 183/2 B.C.^
Dionysios I, the son of Agathokles, of Marathon, who in Knpo-
lemos' year was priest of Dionysos, and had already been treas-
urer to the Dionysiastai for several years, (irKtiat irri), aii;' way m
that year specially commended for his services," made a contri-
bution for himself and his two .sons, Agathokles and Dionysios II,
in 183/2 B.C." In Hippakos' archonship (176/5 B.C.) he died
and his son Agathokles succeeded'" to his position as priest.
Dionysios II won two running races in Phaidrias' archonship
(c. 150), and Agathokles' son, Dionysios III, appears in C.I. A.
II, 1047 (c. 125 B.C.). When Dionysios I died in 176/5 B.C.,
' The date is determined by the fact that another of the » piineletai was
^ocpoKXrjs AritirfTpiov 'l(pi<TT[iddr]t'\ who was secretary in 104-3 B.C. Cf. for a
nei)hew of 'HpaKdv C.I. A. II, 952, and for a grandnephew, C.I. A. II, 9S5 C, 1.
6. For the father of Ti/xoKpdri^t Tt/xoKpdrouj Qoplxtoi see C.I. A. II, 860, and
for the brother see C.I. A. II, 952.
'C.I. A. II, 439, 440; IV 2, 439 b, 623 d; vSitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d.
Wissens. zu Wien, CXXIII ( 1890), VI, p. 86. In Enpolemos' year Moschion,
who in the list of Academic philosophers given by Suidas (s. v. HXiruv)
comes fourth after Lakydes and third before Karneades, died. This in
itself almost excludes 197-6 B.C.
•C.I.A. 11,439.
HM.A. IV 2, 417 b.
"C.I.A. IV 2, 623 d.
« C.I. A. II, 624.
'C.I.A II, 983, col. 1,1. 133.
"C.I.A. IV 2, 623 d.
•C.I.A. II, 9S3, col. Ill, 11. 87-90 ; cf. C.I.A. IV 2, 623 e, p. 170.
•"C.I.A. IV 2, 623 e.
jl iiiTi
,,^.^-^^-.. .,.,..»w^-
iri ' '
■niiiiii
58
T/ie Athenian Arc/ions.
V I
the Dionysiastai passed a memorial decree.' This was moved
by the man wlio had already succeeded to the treasuryship,
Solon, tlie son of Hermogenes, of Cholargos. Solon was very
prominent amon£^ the Dionysiastai in Knpolemos' archonship."
The deme of the secretary allows us two possibilities, 197/6 and
185/4 I^'t- Oi these the latter is certainly to be chosen ; for in
the first place the decree passed in Enpolemos' year in honor of
Oionysios I is most probably the mark cf his retirement from
active service to the club, and this is more in accord with what a
man who had but nine, than with what one who had still twenty-
one, years to live would do. It seems to me impossible for
twenty-one years to have intervened between the retirement of
Dlonysio.s and his death. Again Solon, a leading man in the
club in Kupolenios' year, and therefore probably past middle age,
was still active and influential in 176/5 B.C. Obviously an interval
of nine rather than ojie of twenty-ore years suits the.se conditions.
And finally the activity of Dionysios, Simon, and Dionysogenes
in Hermogenes' yeai (183/2 B.C.), as well as in Enpolemos'
year, favors 185/4 rather than 197/6 B.C. for llie latter. Deme-
trios too, tb.e mover of C.I. A. II, 43c, was active in 188/7 B.C.
All the evidence in fact unmistakably favors 185/4 ^-C.
§ 47. Hermogenes" and Timesianax.* 183/2-182/1 B.C.
These two archons follow Symmachos and his group and pre-
cede Eunikos and Xenokles (169/8 and 168/7 B.C.). The secre-
'C.I.A. IV 2, 623 e.
' C.I. A. IV 2, 623 d. The stemma of the Dionysios family may be given
cf. Koehler, Mitth. IX (1884), p. 293.
Deme— Marathon. Agathokles.
Dionysios.
Agathokles.
. I .
Dionysios.
I
Agathokles (unknown).
Philelo (C.I. A. II, 956).
Dionysios.
'C.I.A, 11,624,975,983.
♦C.I. A. II, 432, 975.
I7<^l5-^75l4 Before Christ.
59
tary for Tiinesianax' archonship bei.ig from the tribe Attalis,
within these limits only 183/2, 182/1 B.C. and 171/0, 170/69 B.C.
are conceivable for him and his predecessor. Of tliese the latter
pair must l)e rejected ; for between Timesianax and Eunikos there
must have intervened at least one year.' In this case the posi-
tion' of fragments b and c of C.I. A. II, 975 is positively de-
cided upcm by Koehler, and can hardly be questioned. I omit to
give the tangencies of the many names found in C.I. A. II, 983 :
many of tliem are used in other connections.
§48. Hippakos" and Sonikos.* 176/5-175/4 B.C.
Sonikos was archon while Kumenes II was king.^ /. e., between
197 and 159 B.C. The secretary belonged to the tribe Oineis,
which could have happened within this period only in 187/6,
175/4, and 163/2 B.C. The immediate predecessor of Sonikos
was Hippachos." Hippachos must have come later than 183/2
B.C. ; for Dionysios I, the son of Agathokles, of Marathon, who
in 183/2 B.C. was alive,' was dead in Hippachos' year. The
.sequence of Hermogenes and Sonikos in C.l.A. II, 624 proves
the same thing. Therefore 187/6 B.C. must be thrown out. In
163/2 B.C. Erastos was archon :"* this year could not therefore
•have belonged to Sonikos. 175/4 B.C. alone remain.s.
§ 49. Achaios.* c. 173 B.C.
The man who made the motion in the decree dated by Achaios
was Aio;(o/o7;s 'ApTe/xi8u)/)ov Be [/)«vtKt87/s] . In the year io;/o B.C.'"
' See C.I. A. II, 975, col. IV, 1. 3.
'■' C.I. A. II, 975, note on p. 403 ; sed equidem lapidihus saepiiis examinatis
non dubito, quin duo fragnieiita recte a nie conjimcta siiit.
'C.I. A. II, 624, 1. 24; IV 2, 623 e.
♦ C.I. A. II, 435. 624 ; IV 2, 435 b, 624 b.
^C.I.A. II, 435; Uuger (Hcrmt.s, XIV (1879), p. 604 f. ) objects to the
omikron of C.I. A. II, 435, in the name St^n/cos, and proposes ['IjtrfiwKos in-
stead. Koehler's introductory remark expl;:'»»s the error ; cf. Mitth. IX
( iiS84), p. 292, n. 2.
•C.I. A. II, 624, 1. 24 ; cf. IV 2, 624.
' C.I. A. IV 2, 623 e, Koehler's note on p. 170.
* See below p. 64 f .
^ C.I.A. II, 433. '" C.I.A. II, 9X5 K, 1. 23.
iKftUYffilMiiAwtiinii^fiiifiMiiiii.
!',i,'
60
The Athenian Archons.
11' I ,
ona oP the thesinotlietai was 'Apre/A-'Swpos B£[p£]viKtS7s, the son per-
haps of Diochares. Our decree was passed during the reign of
Eunienes II of Perganion, /. (?. , between 197 and 159 B.C.
Sclioeffer doubtfully assigns Acliaios to the period 197-1 B.C.
The .secretary was 'Hpa/cXewi/ Nav -, which in no way aids us. Be-
cause of the name connection above indicated I sliould prefer the
vicinity of the lower limit for Achaius.
§ 50. Tychandros' and De - .^ 172/1-171,0 B.C.
In C.I. A. II, 9S3, col. Ill, 1. 37 a contrilmtion was made by
some relative fo- [- 'AjoJTe/iiSwjOou 'EA,£w.'(nvi'ov 1. In Tychandros'
archonshi]> this minor was an ephebe appearing in C.I. A. II, 1224
as HsvoKpoTT;? ' ApT€fii8(apov 'EXfucrmos. His uncle or cousin Etvo-
Kpa.Tr)'; "SivoKparov 'EAeuo-tVios was tlie mover of two decrees one in
169:8 and the other in 165/4 B.C.' C.I. A. II, 436 was passed on
the 27th of Posideon in Tychandros' year. It ends as follows :
[tTTttS^ 6 Sciva oikJuos &V tov [/8J atriXe'tos Eu/LieVtw[s <v toj ifiTrpocrdtv
XP0V<^ ivvo] vs VTrrjp [$e] v Koi irape)(6p.ivo [? ;(p£tas Koivrj re toj 8rjp.(i) Koi Kar
iJSi'av Tois a<f)iKvovix€voii t[u)v TroXiTuiv ets TLipyajMov otereAecre, Kai] v[yv
E] v[ju,t] v[ovs T^v] c.px[riv KaraXiTrovTOs vel TrapaBovro'i vel simile ali-
quid. Unger,* objecting to the last phrase that it should
have been koI vvv ctti tov /Sao-iXe'ws 'ArraKov if Humenes II
were dead, suggested that re be introduced after iv and the
sentence end with : km v[yv Eji[/xe']v[oDs rrjv] ap\[r)v iirLTpi\l/avTo^
'ATTa\a)or ^tAtTatpo) rw dS£A,<^w kt\. It is possible too that the ap^T^f
which need not have been the kingship, had been entrusted to the
person honored in the decree. It seems to me that the phrase
TOV [^] o(TiA.«a)s Eii/ievou[s] in the absence of evidence to the con-
trary, indicates that Eumeiies was King at the time the decree was
pas.sed. The .secretary was from the tribe Aiantis and this could
have occurred only in 172/1 and 160/59 B.C. The latter date is
•C.I.A. II, 436, 1224.
'C.I.A. II, 1225.
* A son of the ephehe for Tychandros' year NtKOKpdrTjs 7.<iit\ov 4>\uei5j is the
priest Z<of\os *\i;ei5s for 1 17-6 B.C. ; see Cornell Studies, VII, p. 46 ; cf. 'kO-ltv.
IV, p. 461.
♦Hermes, XIV (1879), p. 604 f.
\ !
i6<^\S-i6S "] Before Christ.
6i
about a year too earl}' to admit of Koehler's interpretation of the
inscription just quoted. If the identification of the ephebe
H«'0K/3ttT>;s with the son of Arteniidoros of 183/2 B. C. is correct
then 1 72/ 1 B.C. must certainly be chosen ; for an ephebe in
160/59 B.C. could not have been born in 183/2 B.C. Finally it is
all but certain that Aristaichmos wa.s archon in 160/59 B.C.'
Tychandro.s should therefore be assigned to 172/1 B.C. and his
successor, De — , to the year following.
8 51. Eunikos' and Xenokles.' 169/8-168/7 B.C.
C.I. A. II, 975 show- that ICunikos innnediately preceded
Xenokles. For Xcnokle.-. . repeat from Cornell Studies, VII
(1898), p. 60 f. " In the papyrus rolls from Herculaneum, Col.
XXVIII (Phil. Suppl. II, 1863, p. 543» quoted by Dumont, Fastes
Hponymiques d' A.thcncs, p. 18), we read : 'Aya/ii/o-Tw/a Se [LtTo. rrjv
n.cf)(reo}<; [aKjoxriv Ai-as vios wr Tlo\v$€vov inl 'S.evoKX.iov; T7]v aTroXvaiv
ToO /3t'ov eTTotT/o-aTo. The battle of Pydna was fought on the
Roman' 4th of Sept. , or on the 22nd 01 June of the Julian calendar,
in the year 168 B.C. (Mommsen, History of Rome, \'ol. II, p.
355), and Perseus was captured a short time afterwards. This
wuulu be in the Attic year 168/7 B.C., and surely the Greek
quoted above means nothing, if not that Xenokles was archon in
that year. The secretary for the year of Xenokles' archonship
was ^BeviBrjixo'i 'Ao-/<(A jr^TriaSou TaOpdaioi of the tribe Aigeis (C.I. A.
IV 2, 441 d.). According to the unbroken official order Aigeis
should have the secretaryship in 16S 7 B.C." In Xenokles'
archonship Eumenes II was on the thi >e of Pergamon.'' Since
Xenokles nece.ssarily followed Timesianax after an interval of one
year or more, the only place possible for a secretary from Aigeis
before the death of Eumenes is in 168/7 B.C.
' See below p. 65 fl.
»C.I.A. II, 975; IV 2, 441 b, c.
' C.I. A. II, 975 ; IV 2, 441 (1 ; Biicheler, Index Here. Acad. Pbal. p. 17.
* This date is determined by an eclipse of the sun
'vSee C.I. A. IV 2, 441 d, 1. 8.
^1
62
The Athenian Archons.
'A
I..
§ 52. Nikomenes,' 167/6 B.C.
After c7roii;o-aTo in Col. XXVIII of the Herculaiiean roll just
quoted the narrative continues : €7r[i] Niko[/a£]vovs 8[e — ] 'AttoA-
\ii)\y — l^PX'. Nikomenes probalily occupied 167/6 B.C., the
vacant year immediately after that of Xenokles.
§ 53. Lysiades.' 166/5 B.C. ?
We po ;.iess a list of the hieropoioi for the Romaia and Ptole-
maia in Lysiades' year." Among them are : Two of the epimele-
tai for Zopyros' year (186/5 B.C.), [*I]wv 'Aix<l>iTpoTrr}6tv and
'A\«'|avSpos 'Orpvytvi, and the son of another Kparep/xo? 'Pa/xvovo-ios,
who is at the same time grandfather uf Kpare/j/u, < v > os 'A6rjvd8ov, an
ephehe in 105/4 B-C.* ; the sf-"- of two of the contributors in 183/2
B.C., SeAev/cos AeKtAfevs and Iloo-eiStoi/ios Aa/Li7rTp£v[s],^ the latter of
whom is the grandfather perhaps of [...]ocr^£vr/s no(r£i8[a)]viW
Aa/x7rT[peus], an epliebe in 102/ 1 B.C."; one of the contributors
of C. 180 B.C., [*Ajpt[/3a^]os Xlet/aatevV ,• [NjiKoyeVr/s <&iAai8»;!, the
agonothetes of the Theseia in 161 o B.C." and hipparch in
158-5 B.C.*; ['Ai/J^eo-r^pios ey MvppLvioeT-r-riq) , the son of a
contributor in 183/2 B.C. and himself m ambassador from
DjIos to Atliens in i6o'5g and 1387 B.C.'"; [XIJavcrtAvTros
Iletpcitevs, the father of the chairmau of the proedroi in 11 8/7
B.C." ; 'Ep/i,aiva^"Ep|U,£ios, the father of a theoros in the latter half
of the second century B.C.'^ ; [^jtAiTrm'ST;? *Av«u?, the son of a con-
tributor in c. 180 B.C.'^ ; [®]edSu>pos 'Pa/xvoimos , the grandfather
' Biicheler, Index Here. Acad. Phil. p. 17 f.
»C.I.A. II, 95.-i; B.C.H. XVI(iS92), p. 371.
9 C.I. A. II, 95:,.
*C.I.A. II, 465, 1. 67.
*C.I.A. II. 983, col. I, 1. 23 amd 1 35.
«C.I.A. II, 467, 1. 115.
'C.I.A. II, 952, 1. 14 ; cf. II, 636.
" C.I.A. II, 444, 1. 2, 29, etc. ; haw son was 12 trr 13 years old in this yearv
1.52-
"C.I.A. 11,445, 1. 15-
'"See below p. 71 f.
>' C.I.A. i:. 469, 1. 51.
"C.I.A. II 955. 1.4-
"C.I.A. 11,952, i. 19.
I I
J«J-'^'=Jt 't--"^l'
/6y 1 6-/ 661 J Before Christ.
63
■
I
perhaps of ®«d8a>p[os] (dtoit.ivov 'Pa/u,vouo-ios, an ephebe in 107/6 B.C.' •
Mr/Saos n«paiei5s, tile fatlier of M^Saos M^Setou n«/,aiev's, archoii in
loi/o B.C.' ; ["Ajpecrros Mapa^aiwos, the fatlier of the paidotribes of
the same name for 105/4 BC.' ; MeVavSpos n«/,atev's, the father of
the thesmothete.s of the .same name for 100/99 B.C.* and grand-
father perhaps of 'A7rdAr;^is \}lltv6.\v%pov Uupau^^, an epliL-be in
^5/4 B.C.- ; 'ApxiK\ij<! AdKiaSrji, the .same no doubt as the 'Apxi.K\^i
'ApxiKKiovs AaKidSrji who appeans among the ol eVi t^ Upi for Delos
in c. 145 B.C.*
In the list we find men whose aKp.rf wa.s 185 B.C. as well as sons
of these ; men who flourished in the neighborhood of r6o B.C. ;
the fathers of men who were in their prime in 115 B.C. and the
grandfathers of lads of between 18 and 20 in 105 B.C. This evi-
dence points unmistakably to the neighborhood of 160 B.C. for
Lysiades.
In a Delian decree passed either in the last days of Arch-
on 's year (139/8 B.C.) or in the beginning of that of Epikrates
(13S/7 B.C.), the following .sentence ocjurs :' dray^ai/^ai 81 rdSe to
^ri<t>i(Tp.% rov ypixp.p.aTia tov €7ri|U,c\r;roD Uvr}<TL<^i\ov cts arriXrjv XiBlv-qv, koX
(TTijcrai (JkoXou^cos toU ap^aaiv tov eVt Au [o-J idSov ap^ovros iviavTov. Th i S
indicates that I^ysiades preceded Archon (139/8 B.C.) but came
later than 166 B.C. : it does not indicate, as Doublet, " Homolle,"
and Sclioeffer"" assume, that he was the direct predecessor of
Archon. It furthermore indicates that in Lysiades' year .some
regulation was made to govern the disposition of the decrees pa.ssed
by the Athenian kleruchs in Delos. The most natural time for
' C.I. A. II, 470, 1. 100, p. 270.
' C.I. A. II, 1047, 467, etc. ; see below p. 86 f.
'C.I.A. 11,465, 1. 20.
* C.I. A. II, 9S5 A, 1. 12 ; it is less likely that the last two pairs were grand-
fathers and grandsons.
*C.I.A. 465, 1. 96.
" B.C.H. VII ( 18.S3), p. 338 ; see above p. 32.
'B.C.II. XVI (1892), p. 371, 1. 3iff.
"B.C.H. XVI (1892), p. 373.
"B.C.H. XVn (1893), p. 162.
'" Pauly-Wissowa, II, p. 591.
^^Y^^y^^^lPWPIffRiy
-*a«.«i«t;sa',m/i.-aaii«s(»t.(,i.:
i
11
I. i
11 !
,■;
1
i
lU
1
■i!
h
64
T/ie Athenian Archons.
such an enactment is unqnestionably the period of the establish-
ment of Athenian government in the ishmd, i.e., 166/5 B.C. I
therefore, though with some diffidence, assign I^ysiades to this
year.
§ 54. Pelops.* 165/4 B.C.
The Delian decree published in the Bulletin for 1889, p. 244
shows that Pelops is posterior to 166 B.C., the year in which
Athens got possession of the island. At the same time the com-
parison Fougeres there makes between the decree just mentioned
and one from Oropos, shows that the interval was not very great ;
for 'Aii.<f>iK\rj<: *i\o^eVou, who even before 166 B.C. had had an
international reputation as a rhapsodist, was still starring in
Pelops' year.' In Eunikos' archonship (169/8 B.C. J the mover
of a decree was HevoKparr;! "StvoKparov 'EAevo-tVios.' In Pelops'
archonship the same individual performed a like function.* Tiie
secretary was Aioi/uo-ikA^s Aiovuo-iou 'EkhKyjOcv of the tribe Ptolemais.
The two years which might be taken into consideration are 165/4
and 153/2 B.C., but all the evidence is in favor of the earlier of
these.
i^ 55. Euerg - ,^ Erastos." Poseidonios," and Aristolas.*
164/3-161/0 B.C.
The secretary for Aristolas' archonship was from the tribe
Hippothontis. From C.I. A. II, 975 we learn that the four
archons now to be dated came in a bunch in the order given and
followed Xenokles at no very great distance. Hippothontis had
the secretaryship in 161/0 and 149/8 B.C. Apart from the fact
that, if the latter year were chosen, Euerg - and Hagnotheos would
clash in 152/1 B.C.," it seems to me from C.I. A. II, 975 impos-
' C.I.A. II Add. Nov. 477 b ; IV 2, 477 c ; B.C.H. XIII (1889), p. 244 f.
Mi.C.H. XIII (1889), p. 248 f.
■■"C.I.A. IV 2. 441 b.
'C.I.A. IV 2, 477 c, I. 30.
5 C.I.A. 11,975-
"C.I.A. 11,975-
"C.I.A. 11,975, 1200; B.C.H. IV (1880), p. 183.
» C.I.A. II, 444. 975 ; B.C.H. IV (1880), p. 184; Mitth. XXI ( 1896). 0. 434.
* See below p. 68.
fSoljp and /j6lj Before Christ.
65
434-
sible for sixteen years to have intervened between Xenokles and
Euerg -. By the Delian acconnts published in B.C. H. IV (1880),
p. i83f. , it is shown that .'oseidonios came within the nine years
following 166/5 B.C. ; for a loan made before the Athenian occu-
pation of Uelos, and which was payable at the outside within ten
years, became due in Poseidonios' archonship.' Indeed Homolle
has assigned Alkimachos, the Delian archon in whose year the
loan was made, to the year 169 B.C.' Hence the very latest pos-
sible year for Poseidonios is 159 B.C. For this group therefore
the years 164/3 ff. B.C. are certainly to be assigned.
§56. Aristaichmos ' and Nikomachos.' 160/59 and 136/5
B.C.
These two archon names occur in Philodemos' life of the Aca-
demic philosopher Philon : ^Ikinv h\ SiaSe^a [/At] vos K\« [to] /ia^ [ov]
iytvv\jii\By] \ikv ctt' 'AptoTa6^|ao[ii, tt] apeyeVt [to] 8' cis ['A6i;i/]as [''■t]pt
T«[T]Ta[/3a K]ai e[i»<]o(rtV [irou] €;(ojv €[t»;] KaTa NiKd/tiia;^ [or] , eo-;(oAaKu>s
[ev] T^ TTOLTpiSi. Ka\A. [i] k\u tw Ka/j [v] edSov [yi'w] pt'/xo) irtpl ok [tw koI Sck']
fTi]' KA [«t] To/Att [;(aj 81 SeVa [K]ai T[€'T]Tap[a] (eo-;^o\ao"£i/) 'Att-
[o\Ao8to] po) 8k Stwiko) Lvp] ^"'■'^^ ^' yjye^fyOai, t^ [s o"Xo] A.^s
[*]""[' Ho] Auk [A] € [cTOv'' ^i(ii(r]as 8' e[.. .] kovt' " «t[7; kuI .
The accession of Philon to the head of the .school being fixed
in 110/09 B.C.,' the link missing in the account of his life is the
number of years he spent with Apollodoros. This much is cer-
tain that at least fourteen years intervened between Polykleitos
and Nikomachos. Since that is so, there must have intervened
at least twenty-three, since there is no place for Nikomachos be-
tween 124/3 and 133/2 B.C." Consequently the least possible
iB.C.H. IV (1S80), p. 184 f,
'B.C.H. X (1S86), p. 7.
"C.I.G. 2270; Biicheler, Inrlex Here. Acad. Phil. p. 19.
* Biicheler, 1. c.
f* B.C.H. XVn (1893), p. 149.
" Biicheler thinks that the numl)er of spaces in the papyrus renders
ip5o/j.i/lKovTa impossible here. The fac-simile printed by Homolle (B.C.H.
XVH ( 1893), p. 149, n. 2) does not bear him out. Indeed I fancy I can see
the hasta of a Beta reproduced there. ' Efidon-^Kovra seems necessary.
' See below p. 84 f .
" See below p. 73 ff .
!!
ill
|j!i!
\h
i
:'!^
66
T/ie Athenian Archons.
■,'m I
\m. ,
number of years Philon could have studied with Apollodoros is
nine. Ou the other hand he cannot have studied with the Stoic
for more than thirteen, since in that event Aristaichmos, who
comes within a short interval after 166 B.C. but certainly not in
165/4 B.C., could find no place, there being no vacancy in the
archon list between 164/3 and 161/0 B.C. I'.nw the number of
years spent by Philon under Apollodoros is extant lu Phi'odemos
as follows : Se . . Svo . /A : Sevra I .101, for which Biichekr suggests,'
but does not print, 8'£[ti] hvo [rm inLTyj]hf.\j.o]T6.Ti^%TmKiii kt\. See-
ing that 8vo is certain, there can be no doubt that a hina accom-
panied it. The passage must therefore be restored in some such way
as this: 'Att [oXAoSw] pw 8' ^[Tt] 8uo \^Kiu\ 8€[K]a [t] w Stwiko) ktA.. This
fixes the archonship of Nikomachos in 136/5 B.C. and that of
Aristaichmos in 160/59 B.C., since the irov and Kara of the passsge
quoted, though they indicate that the writer was uncertain of the
age of Philon when he came to Athens, do not indicate that the
number of years between Aristaichmos and Nikomachos was more
or less than twenty-four. The Delian inscription of Aristaichmos'
archonshiji, published as no. 2270 of C.I.G., supports the date
160/59 B.C. (i merveille. For we find that Kubulos, the .son of
Demetrios, of Marathon,' after having been the first as apxiOewpo<i
to get for the kleruchs at Delos the public award in the theatieat
Athens of a gold crown won at the Panathenaia, had before Ari-
staichmos' year, in which he was priest of Dionysios, been twice
elected priest of the Great Deities, and once priest of Asklepios.
Inasmuch as the priestships probably fell to him in four consecu-
tive years, the first victory gained at the Panathenaia by the
kleruchs after their settlement on Delos in 166 B.C., in all likeli-
hood was won in either 165/4 or 164/3 B.C.
The life of Philon adjusts itself as follows : He was born at
Laiissain 160/59 B.C. and studied therewith Kallikles, a disciple
of Karneades, for 18? years. In 136/5 B.C. or thereabouts he
came to Athens, and .studied with Kleitomachos unt'l 122/1 B.C.,
' Index Here. Acad. Phil. col. XXXIII, note on 1. 13.
' Demetrios of Marathon, the priest of Serapis for 124-3 B.C., wa.s a son of
Eubulos; cf. B.C.H. VI (1882), p. 333.
1i«
/J^ly-zSJI^ Before Christ,
67
and then for twelve years longer with Apollodoros the Stoic. In
110/09 B.C. he succeeded Kleitomachos as head of the Academy.
In 88 B.C. he went to Rome and died there some time before
80 B.C.
4557. Anthesterios.' Kallistratos.^andMnesitheos.' 158/7-
153/2 B.C.
There is no clear indication of the interval between Aristolas
(161/0 B.C.) and Antliesterios to be found in C.I. A. II, 975.
It is, iiowever, either more than one year or none at all, since in
no case did the comic exhibitions take place in two successive
years, whereas in Aristolas' year and in that immediately preced-
ing Antliesterios they did take place. The extent of the interval
may be determined by means of C.I. A. II, 444 (Aristolas) and
445 (Anthesterios). In the former, lines 71 f. of col. II read as
follows: TTuiSa? TrayKpariov t^s 8€UTeptt[s] i7A[t/<tas] • ' "A/Spwi/ KaAAtou
[0]iV[£]i8os <^uAJ7s. Ill the latter, line 1 1 of col. II runs : Trai&xs e»c
irai'[Twv TTvjyfir'iv "A/3[p]wi/ Ka\(X.)iov 'A^r/mtos. This allows at the
outside only four free years to intervene between Aristolas and
Anthesterios, and so the group must come between 161/0 and
Hagnotheos' year (152/r B.C.). Aristaichmos belongs to 160/59
B.C. Anthesterios for the reason given abov^e cannot have come
ii; 159/8 B.C. 158/7, 157/6, and 156/5 alone remain. In one of
these Anthesterios was archon.
§ 58. Phaidrias.'^ 153/2, 151/0, or 150/49 B.C.
To this archon.ship belongs a list of the victors at the Theseia
disposed according to the classes in which each competed. In
the torch-race open to 01 eVot i(f)r]l3oi, and in the wrestling match
open to TralSes e/c Trdvrwi/, Em/3;^t8as 'AvSpiov of the tribe Antiochis
' C.I.A. ir, 445. 975 ; B.C.H. in ( 1879), p. 313 ; ibid. IV (1880), p. 1S5 f.
"C.I.A. II, 954?, 975 ; B.C.H. IV (1880), p. 1S6.
'C.I.A. II, 975.
* Rangabe (Ant. hell. II, 678 ff. ) calculates that iraiSei rijs Trpdrrji ijXtK/as
were from 12 to 14 years old ; TrotSes t^s devripai t/Xik.-xs from 14 to 16, and
iraiSes TTJi Tplrr)^ ^\(/c/os from 16 to 20.
* C.I.A. II, 446; C.I.G. 2271 =.Foucart, Assoc. Relig. chez les Grecs, p.
223.
68
The Athenian Anhons.
won.' Tiiis s;\tui in livi'liial wis victor, in Anthesterios' arcujii-
ship, in the wrestling match open to ttuTSm ri]<i tt/jojtjjs r\kiKia%^^
According us Kuarchiclas was in liis twelfth or tliirteentli year in
Anthesterios' archonshij), seeing that he was in his eighteenth
when Pliaiclrias was archon, four or five free years intervene be-
tween these two archons. Two other names occurring in the
lists of both years corroborate the eviilcnce already presented. In
Phaidrias' year the winner of the event (lescril)cd as t^s rpLTrji
ijXiKtus iv [drrrrtj 81,'u) kuI 8 [opart] was KvSo^os EiSo^ou of the tribe
Hippotiiontis, who in Anthesterios' year was the winner in the
competition defined as [67rAo/i,u;^a>t/ e]v [^9vpt]m, and open to TralSa
T^s TrpioTiji rj\iKia<;.^ The winner of the boxing match open to
TTuiSes €K TrdvTtiiv in Phaidrias' archonship was Mrj^o-t^eos Mi/r/a-ideou
of the tribe Oineis, who in Anthesterios' year won the same
event when open to :raiSes t^s wpioTrji rfKiKM^.' From th s evidence
it is seen that 1532, 151 o. and 15049 B.C. are the only years
possible for Phaidrias.
.^ 59. Hagnotheos.' 152 1 IJ.C.
The secretary being from the tribe Akamantis, the oidy place
possible for Hagnotheos is 152/1 B.C." This is shown by the fol-
lowing quotation from Philodemos : 'HA^t 8' ( KAtiro/xaxos) €t[s
'A] Orjva [s er] wv nr [t] dp [w] v Trpos ci [ko] (tl ye [yoi/u>] s , [/xj tra 8c
T(\T^Tapa <T)(o\d^iiv 7ip$aT0 [K j apvf a8 [»/ ] Kat tr [vy] yt vo/x [ e] vos er [xjat
BtK avTo) <r^ [oA] ^i' ISiav inl IlaA \a8i [w w] x'vt [trr] rjfraTO dp)(ov [to?
Ay] vo [^] eov km avveax^v - . The death of Kleitomaclios occurred in
Polykleitos' archonship ( 1 10/09 B.C. ).' The life of Kkitomachos
may now be written. He was born at Carthage in 191/0 B.C. , came
to Athens in 167,6 B.C., and four years later in 163/2 B.C. began to
study philosophy under Karneades. In 152,1 B.C. he founded a
'C.I. A. II, 446, 1. 64 and 1. 43.
^C.I.A. II, 445, 1. 61.
'C.I. A. 11,446,1.76; 445,1- 25.
«C.I.A. II, 446, 1. 53; 445, 1. 5.
■''CI. A. II, 458 ; IV 2, 45S b, c; Biicheler, Index Here. Acad. Phil. p. 15.
* 140-39 B.C. is almost certainly occupied hy Antilheos.
'' See above p, 65 and below p. S4f.
r, I /,- Before Christ.
69
i
schoul of his own iti the Palladioii.' Tlieie he cotitiiiued to teach
tor twciilytlircc years, but \\\ 129 S B.C. joined the Academy
witli many pupils. Two years later lie sueeeeded Krates of Tar-
so.s as head, and continued head until his death in 11009 I5•<-^
J^ 60. Zaleukos.-' e. 145 li.C.
The date of Zaleukos can only be approximated. In his
archonshipthe «yopiuo/xoi at Delos were %)pafifio<; 'Hpatinrov"i:fjfnin<i,
imrdSr/'i SwraSoi) MyiKuvi, and Fo/ayt'.is 'A<TKX,)Trid8ov 'Iim/tS^s. Uy
vSerambos Zaleukos is coiuiected with Anthesterios (158-5 B.C.),'
by Sotades with the archon Xenon (e. 17,5 B.C. )' and indirectly
with Stasea.s pripst of Serapis in 118/7 B.C., and by Gorgias with
Kpikrates (13S/7 ]}.C. ).'' Zaleukos would therefore set-in to have
been archon somewhere between 150 and 140 B.C.
§ 61. Philon." c. 145 B.C.
The taiij^encies of Si'/^w lUpio'i, one of the epiiueletai of a re-
ligious association iii Fhilon's year, help us in determining the
date of this arehoa. A Simon, son of Simon, of Poros was prom-
ineiit among the Dionysiastai in Eupolemos' year ( 185/4 B.C.),'
and in Hermogeiies' year ( 183/2 B.C.), made a motion before a
similar religious association." Hoinolle, identifying Philon with
*i'\uivT[.... CK KoAjojvoC, the epimeletes of Delos for I35'4 B.C.,
assigns to him a year somewhere between 150 and 146 B.C."
' Of him Cicero (Tnsc. nisp. Ill, 22) says: U\<,'iiiuis Hbruni Clitoinachi,
quciii ille ovi-nia CartIia',Miie iiii!-' coiisolandi causa ad cajitivos cives suos.
Dumout (Fasles Kpopv. p. 2: A this to show that in 146 I5.C. Kleito-
machos had ah-eady o,. , lii own school, while Biiclicler, Homolle, and
Schoeffcr Ihou^dit it u>.-ce.'-;saniy i)rovcd only that he had come to Athens
before that year. Tiie view which transcended the strict inferences the
facts warranlcd has jiroved correct.
' B.C.H. X ( 1.SS6), p. 33 ; XIII ( 18S9), n -09 f.
■■'R.C.H. Ill (1S79), !>. 31.V
'B.C.H. XV (1S91). p. 252 : sei- hclow p. 73.
5 B.C.H. XIII (1809), p. .;i5.
«C.I.A. II, 621.
'C.I. A. IV 2, 623 d.
■^C.I.A. II, 6ji.
'■•B.C.H. XVI (.1.S92), p. 481 ; XVII (1S93), p. 164.
..^... iw n
70
The Athenian Archons,
■"i;i
Schoeffer ascribes him to tlie period 154-4H B.C. Taking the
Simon of PliiUtn's year as a son of the Simon of 185/4 ^'^^^ 183/2
B.C., I think the archonship of Philon may be .set down to some
year between 150 and 140 H.C.
S 62. Antitheos.' 140 39 H.C.
After telUng us tlie story of the capture of Corinth and of the
subsequent setllement of Greece efTected by tlie Romans,
Pausanias says : 'O Si TroAt/xos C(r;;^cr w)To<i TiXo% '\vti6(ov fiiv 'A6rjvri(Tiv
Ap\ovTOi, oA,u/u,7rtd8i, &i i^vKocrrrj vpoi Tuis (KaTov, rjv iviKa AidSoipo;
liiKviltvioi. p^rom this it seems to me impossible to ascriljc Anti-
theos to any year but i4o'39 B.C. Pausanias evidently followed
the tradition in r^'gard to the capture of Corinth which Appian^
.seems to have preferred, who in his Ai^Sukj; states that that event
happened d/x<^i ras (iyKovra Kal ckotov o\v/X7rid8us,
4^63. Archon' and Epikrates.' 139/8-138/7 B.C.
An inscription pul)lished in the Bulletin for 1892'* shows that
Archon preceded Epikrates immediately. The secretary for the
latter year was from the tribe Kekropis. In Epikrates' year a
decree of the Athenian kleruchs at Dc:los in honor of ro/jytas
'Aa-KXfjmdSov 'Iwn'S*)? was ratified by the Demos at Athens."
Gorgias had as colleague in the ayopavoixia at Delos in Zaleukos'
archonship 2»/pa/u,^os 'HpaiVTrov "Ep/u.tios and SwrdSi;? SturdSov Aiyi-
Xitv's.' Serambos leased a workshop from the Delian sacred
domain in Anthesterios' archonship (158-5 B.C.)/ Sotades had
' Paus. VII, 16, 10.
'p. 135; cf. Scaliger, ed. Scheibel, p. 155, n. iziSand p. 157, n. 1230 f.
Homolle is alone in ascribing Antitheos to the year in which Corinth was
actually captured, 146-5 B.C. (B.C.H. XVII (1893), p. 162).
"C.I.A. IV 2, 421; B.C.H. XIII (18S9), p. 42o(T. p. 426 ; XVI (1892),
p. 369 ff.
♦B.C.H. XIII (1889), p. 413 ff. ; XVI (1892), p. 369 ff. ; Arch. Zeit. XVIII
(i860), Anzeiger, p. 109.
*P- 372.
«B.C.H. XIII (1889), p. 415.
' B.C.H. X ( 18S6), p. 33 ; XIII ( 1S89), p. 410.
« B.C.H. 111(1879), p. 313.
fJ9U^-rjSl7 Before Christ.
71
Taking the
\ and 183/2
wii to some
and of the
Romans,
EC AOrjvpfTlV
ribe Anti-
y foUowed
h Appian'
that event
lows that
ry for the
es' year a
)f Fo/jytas
Atliens."
Zaleukos'
aSou Alyi-
m sacred
tades had
n. 1230 f.
•rinth was
VI (1892),
eit. XVIII
as colleague, when paidotribes in Xenon's arclionship (c. 135
B.C.),' STU(r«'as K.o\wijdiv, who was priest of Serapis in 118/7
E.G.' Philokles, a .son of Stascas, was a waU in Xenon's archon-
ship or a few years earlier.' Another youth enrolled under
Staseas in the same year as Philokles was Aiok\^s Ato»<X<ous, whose
father perhaps is the priest of Serapis for 122/1 li.C.^ Ik-sides
Philokles, vStaseas had a son named SapuTrtW, who became priest of
Zeus Kynthios and Athena Kynlhia in Prokles' arclionship (99/8
E.G.).* The mati who in Epikrates' year moved that the honors
to Gorgias be ratified by the Athenian demos, was IItpiytV»;s
&a\rf<Tiyfvov Tpi[Ko/3u(Tios]." Perigeues performed a like function in
the case of the DJian agoranomoi for Archon's arclionship.' In
Krgokles' year (132/1 B.C.) he was the chairman of the board of
proedroi when another Delian matter was under discussion."
In Zopyros' archonship (186/5 J^-C) one of the epimeletai
commended for their services was [Mj«v«/iax°« ' Avdcarrfpiov iy
Muppii/o[vT]T»;s.* In ArLstaichmos' archonship (160/59 B.C.)'"
and in Epikrates' archonship" the most prominent among the
ambassadors from Debs to Athens was ' AvdtaTrjpio^ iy Mvppi.vovrTYj<: .
In lyysiades' archonship (166/5 B.C. ?) among the hieropoioi for
the Ptolemaia the same person is mentioned.'^ The treasurer for
Archon's year, Nikodemos,'" is known to have been from the deme
Hamaxanteia." Among the ephebes for 123/2 B.C. was
'B.C.H. XV (1891), p. 252.
'Cornell vStiidies, VII (189S), p. 46.
» B.C.H. XV (1891), p. 257 f.
♦B.C.H. XV (1S91), p. 257 f. ; cf. Cornell Studies, VII (1898), p. 46.
^'A9-/iv. II, p. 132; Leb^gue, Rech. sur D(;los, p. 156 quoted in B.C.H.
Xni(i8S9),p. 412, n. 3.
•B.C.H. XIII (1889), p. 415.
'B.C.H. XVI (1S92), p. 372.
« B.C.H. XVI (1892), p. 376.
"C.I.A. II, 420.
'"C.I.G. 2270.
"B.C.H. XVI (1S92), p. 371 f.
"C.I.A. II, 953-
"B.C.H. XIII (1889), p. 421 f.
"B.C.H. XIII (1889), p. 430.
ill
n
r i
m
1 i
1
1
1
: i^
i
i:.
1
i
1
j
V'
! i
4
5
72
77^f Athenian Arc/ions.
Arffir'iTpLoi Nt/<oS7//i.ov *A/i,a^avT£[v;s] a SOU of the treasurer doubtless.'
HouaoUe identifies Nikodemos with the arclion for 122/1 B.C.
In 183/2 B.C. u man named Menedemos of Kydathenaion made a
contribution fui his boj' Archon.'^ Menedemos Hkewise appears in
the nuich-cited inscription C.I. A. II, 1047 (^- '-5 B.C.?). Homolle
identifies this Archon with the eponj'mous magistrate of the same
uanie.'^ Ii- '^haidrias' archonship (c. 150 B.C.) the agonothetes
for the Theseia was MtAnaS?;? ZwiXov MapaOdivio^,* who in Archon's
year had some expen.sive duties in connection with the a-irwviKa to
perform, in Tlieaitetos' year had some similar burdens, and in
the year probably in which [ — B]oDTa8?;s was secretary was
agonothetes for the Panathenaia.'' In .some year shortly before
that of Archon he had been agonothetes for the Dionysia.
The secretary allows for Epikrates 150/49 and 1387 B.C. The
mass of the evidence favors the latter. For the decree in honor
of Gorgias was probably passed later than the year in which he
was agoranomos. Staseas, the contemporary of Sotades who was
colleague of Gorgias in the agoranomia, could hardly have been
matured earlier than i50'49 B.C.. seeing that he was priest thirty-
two years later. From the chronology of his sons his prime
would seem to fall in the neighborhood of 135 B.C. Serambos
was a young man l)egiiniing businesf!, ni 158-5 B.C. Perigenes
connects Epikrates closely with the year 132/1 B.C. The tan-
gencies of Anthesterios favor the earlier date, but do not exclude
the later. The family relations of Anthe.sterios no doubt made
him a pcrrona grata with the demos at Athens. Hence his selec-
tion as aniba.s.sador when in his prime in 160/59 B.C., and again
twenty-two years afterwards. Nik u^emos was in his prime in the
neighborhood of 130 B.C. ;uiltiades could hardly have had three
expensive agonothesiai to perform in the short period of about ten
years.
I (f.
\ I
'C.I. A. 11, 47r, col. IV, 1. 116.
■^C.I A. II, 9S3, col. I, 1. 55.
■'B.C.H. XVII (1.S93), p. 162, n. 7.
♦C.I. A. II, 446.
'C.I. A. II, 421 ; IV 2, 421.
1 f
il '
'37\^-'34'l3 f^c/(»'(' Christ.
§64. Theaitetos.' 137/6 B.C. ?
Theaitetos came later than Arclion (1398 B.C.)' and earlier
than 129/8 B.C. The latter year is determined by the fact that
the in.scription in which Theaitetos is mentioned was passed in
the year in whicJi [- - JijovTa(5»;s was secretary.' Theaitetos there-
fore was archon in one of the years 137/6, 135/4, 'Hi'l 134/3 I^-C.
137/6 B.C. is the most probable of the three, bcanse of the close
connection of Tiieaitetos and Archon indicated in C.I.A. IV 2,
42 1.
^^65. Xenon.' 135/4 B.C.?
There can be no doubt that Homolle" is right in identifying the
archon Xenon with Xenon, the son of Asklepiades, of Phyle,
epimeletes of Delos in 118/7 B.C." Asklepiades, the father of
Xenon, was born some years before 183/2 B.C.' vSotades, the
agoranomos of Zaleukos' year,' was paidotribes in Xenon's year,*
and Staseas, the paidotribes of Xenon's year,'" was priest of Serapis
in ii8;7 B.C." The most probable location for Xenon, therefore,
seems to ])e .some year in the neighborhood of 135 B.C.
§ 66. Timarchos.'-' 134/3 B.C.
On the basis of an inscription not yet published Colin" an-
nounces that Timarchos coincides with the Delphian archon
Tt/ioVpiros EvxAetSa, wiio, belonging to the ninth priestship, held
'C.I.A. II, 421 ; IV 2, 421.
'C.I. A. IV 2, 421, lilies 35 and 36.
•'The iinioii of fra^rment a of C.I.A. II, 421 with the be.<,nniiii)gof
b is not affected by the re-anaiigeiiieut of the inscription made
IV 2, 421.
*R.C.H. XV ^891), p. 252 fr.
*B.C.H. XVII (1893), p. 164.
« B.C.H. Ill ( 1879), P- 370 f. ; VI ( 1S82), p. 520 ; see above p. 46
'C.I.A. 11,983, col. I, 1. loi f.
» B.C.H. XIII (1SS9), p. 409 f.
» B.C.H. XV (1S91), p. 252 IT. ; cf. XIX ^895), P- 5ir,
'"B.C.H. XV (1891), p. 252 ff.
" Cornell Studies, VII ( 189.S), p. 46.
"C.I.A. r \dd. 453 h.
"B.C.H. XXII ( i';98), p. \\- f.
fra<i;ineiit
in C.I.A.
l^7?f*vq9P««PiP9i|||il|il|
74
The Athenian Archons.
!■-'!'
1
vl
1
\l
!;ii
\\\ '!
t
HI .
1 H i
ti !
office a little before 130 B.C. We may therefore place Timarclios
in the interval between 137/6 and 134/3 B.C. and perhaps in the
last year of the period.
§ 67. Metrophanes,' Ergokles,^ and Epikles.' 133/2-13T/0
B.C.
That Ergokles directly precedes Epikles is shown by C.I. A. II,
594, and that Metroplianes was the immediate predecessor of
Ergokles is made practically certain by an inscription published
in the Bulletin.^ The secretary for Metrophanes year was from
the tribe F.rechtheis.
In the Hercnlanean list of the Academic philosophers Epikles
figures in connection with the death of Karneades I, son of Pole-
marchos, the namesake and contemporary of the famous sou of
Epikomos or Philokomos. In the same connection the following
statement is made:' KX[£iTd/i.a;(]os ets 'Aku8»;/xi' [av] iire^aXev fJiiTa
7rO/\A[aJi' y] vu>/)tju.(i> [v] — nporepov yap €cr;^oAa^o[v iv] Ila [A.X] aS [I'u)] —
fxera Ti]v Kapv[«a8]ov [re] A£v'[t]7;v.''' Now it was tziio years after
the deatli of Karneades I that Kleitomaclios came to the Academy
as is shown by the following passage quoted by Philodemos from
Apollodoros : ' Ilapa [Kap] veaSov S [ «] rov YioXcy^ap^ov tov (iio\y\ iir'
ETTiKXeous [tt/s] X'''''"*' [5] eyA-cAo [iTTo] ■^os [KpJaTjjs 6 T[tt]p(r€vs t[^]v
j^cr]xoA^v 8[t£]8e^a70" tovtov Se 8v' «t[7;] StaxaTao-xoiros fiovov KA«-
To/Aa[x]os €v [tw] [n]ttAAa8''a) [f]x°['^]^'' "" ~ tU ttjv ' A [koS] t^/u, [tiav
/x.]eT^A[^]£ yi/oj [pi'/xwi/ ttoAAujv /w.«Vu]. Or as Pliilodemos puts it him-
self : * [Kap] vedB [rj] v 8ta8£^a/A [£vo] s -^yrjaa [to 8] v errj, Kar[£'crTp]£i/'[£] 8k
'C.I. A. II, 408; B.C.H. XIII ( 1889), p. 250; XVI (1892), p. 374 ff«
•C.I.A. II, 594; B.C.H. XVI ( 1.S92), p. 376.
'C.I. A. II, 459. 594 ; Buchcler, Index Here. Acad. Phil. pp. 16 and iS.
* B.C.H. XVI (1892), ]). 376.
^ Biicheler, Index Here. Acad. Phil. p. 15.
" There is no trace of another line here, Ihongh Biicheler, to get over the
difficnlty this statement caused hini, was inchned lo think that one must
have fallen out; see Phil. vSuppl. II (1863), p. 541.
'Biich. 1. c. ]). 18 and Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissens. zu Wien,
CXXIII (rSgo), VI, p. 84; see Gjmperz, Jenaer L,iteraturzeitung (1875), p.
603 ; Rohde, Rhein. Mas. XXXIII (1S78), p. 622 f. ; Gomperz, Sitzungsb.
1. e. p. 83.
"Biich. 1. e. p. 16.
^J3l2-ijrlo Before Christ.
75
'E [ttik] \iov [9] a.p-)(o [vro] s , k [ar] e'Ai [ttc] v Se 8ia8o [;(] ov to^ trvo- [;^] o-
AacrTr/[v] Kptirr/Ta Ta/3(T[€]a to y€V[os, i7]yr;(raTo 8' [ovtos] er?; Terrapa.
Therefore it must have l)eeu at the time of the death of Kanieades
II, the son of Hpikomos or Philokomos, that Kleitoniachos entered
the Acadenn-. This event Apollodoros, as quoted by Diogenes
Laertius,' assigned to the year 129/8 B.C. Two years before in
131,0 B.C. Karneades I died and Epikles was archon. The .sec-
retary for Metrophanes' year being from Erechtheis, 131/0 B.C. is
the year demanded for Kpikles by the of^cial order al.so.
How it came about that Karneades II resigned the headship of
the school four years before his death, it is futile to enquire. His
act was not without a precedent in the history of the Academic
school ; for Lakydes had done the same thing before him." The
blindness of Karneades must in any case have incapacitated him
for work.'' Diogenes L,aertius omitted to mention the resignation
of Karneades II because of its approximate coincidence with his
death. Tlie fact that Kleitomachos came to the Academy at the
time that event happened explains why the same writer, neglect-
ing Karneades I and Krates of Tar.sos, who were heads of the
school from 133/2 to 131/0, and from 1 31/0 to 127/6 B.C. respec-
tively, .states bluntly^ tliat Kleitoniachos was the successor of
Karneades II. Kleitomachos may indeed have been joint head of
the .school from 129/8 to 127/6 B.C. just as Kuandros and Telekles
were associated after the death of Lakydes.'*
The following name connections support tlie general location of
this group : The mover of a decree in Metrophanes' year,"
Aioi^avros 'EKtraLov "Ep/aetos, was one of those appointed to the charge
of the sacred monies and other revenues of the temple at Delos for
Kallistratos' archonship' (157-4 B.C.). One of the ambas.sadors
' IV, 65.
^ See above p. 50 f.
'Smith, Diet, of Biog. .s.v. Carneades.
* IV, 67 ; SieS^Jaro rdv Kapi/edSriv.
« Diog. Ivaert. IV, 60.
•B.C.H. XIII (1.S89), p. 250.
'B.C.H. IV (1880), p. 186.
W"'^
I?'
f-
11^ i
i II
t 1'
76 77/^ Athenian Aniions.
chosen to .l^o from Dt-los to Alhons in MetroplianL's' year' was
<i>i.\uLvdr}'i tt>u.\u(rios, a minor in i8.v- B.C." Tiu seond ambassador
on the sam^ occasion was EvuyUov Ko^iokiSj;?. the same no doubt
wlio appear."- in C.I. A. II, 1044 (c. 150 li.C. ), wliose fatlier,
'AA.k€'tj;s EL'a[y]/,'aji/os Ko^ojkiSt;?, was an cpit'.ieletes in the early part of
tile second cent. B.C.,'' and whose uncle, [Ejuayt'tor KoOwKi8r]<; , in the
neighborhood of iSoli.C, made a contribution for himself and
for his .son 'AAsreVj;?.' The third ambassador was Burraxos
Aa/ATrrpeu's. In Ivjliokrates' year (102 1 B.C.) \ivTTaKO<; Kafxir-
T[/j]e[vs] was epimeletes of the harbour at the Peirait;U:v'' ; In
Herakleit')s' year ( 96 5 B.C.) he was termed !> €'[771 t^v 8);//,] ofn'ai/
Tp [ttj TTc^ai/ r^v £1' At/ [Au>] " : in the .same year his br;)ther, \ivppoi
Wvpiiov Aa/xTrrpeu'i, who in Arg.jios' lirst year (9S/7 B.C. )' had been
herald of the Areopasjus, was o-Tjoarjjyos lin [to. on-Aja." The
gynuiasiarch at Salamis for ICrgokles' year" was 0«o8otos Euorpoc^ou
rietpaiei's, tile same who in 103 2 B.C. furnished some fittings for a
templethere.'" His brother, 'Upo(f>uLVTij<; Euo-Tpd^ou ricipatev's, appears
in a list of names" jniblished in the neighborhood of 125 B.C.
His son wa.s an epimeletes in the vicinity of 100 B.C.'' The mover
of a decree in Kpikles' year''' was ©eoysVr/s K [«] A\t/xa;^ou XevKovoev^,
wh )^t la Lighter, HiUk 0, bjeaine the wife <)f 'AdrjvoSmpo^ A/'^wi'Eui."
Athe:i:)doro,s was herald of the Areopagus in y8 7 B.C.,'' nnd a
'B.C.H. XVI ( 1.S92), p. 376 f.
*CI..\. II, 9S;\, ci)l. I, 1. 102; st'c al)')\o ji. 46.
'C.I. A. II, 952, 1. 21.
*C.I.A. 11,9X4, 1. 7S; cf. II, loiS (c. no B.C.) for ^AXK^rm Evayiuvos
HepidoiSov'^.
•''C.I.A. II, 9S5 !■;, col. !, I. Ti.
"CI. A. 11,9X5 K, col. II, 1. 57 f.
"C.I.A. II, 9S5 I), c.)l. II, 1. 16 f.
**C.I.A. n, 9S5 K, c,)l. II, 1. II ; see also .M.A. 11, 451, 104S. Tiiedanghter
of ryrrhus appears in C.I..\. IV 2, 477 d, 1, 32 ; see below p. 86.
"C.I.A. 11,594.
'"C.I.A. II, 595.
'■ C.I.A. II, 1047,1. 12.
'■^C.I.A. IV 2, 952 1), 1. 17: cf. gSSbJ. s,
"C.I.A. II, 594.
'* C.I.A. II, 2300.
'■•CI A, JI, 9,S5 D, col. JT, 1. 7.
/jojjp Before Christ.
71
thesmothetes in the early part of the first century B.C." His son
Atlienophaiies was an epli'ibe in 119/8 B.C."
i^ 68. Demostratos.'' 130/29 B.C.
A Delphian decree passed in the archonshi,- of 'A,aio-TtW 'Am^ai--
V'S", at the time of the Pythian games,* pro\ ls that Demostratos,
the Athenian contemporary of Aristion, belong.^ to the third year
of an olympiad. In c(mnection with his Fasti Delnhici Pomtow
has on several occasion.s' discussed the location of Demostratos.
From data not explicitly stated" he determines that the only two
years open to him are 130/29 and 126/5 B.C. 134/3 B.C. he
.specifically excludes.' Of the two years admissible he selects
126/5 B.C., but as his view in this particular is based upon
Homolle's archon list his conclu.sion lacks cogency. This has
been already pointed on' by Colin in his Notes de chronologie
delphique who chooses 130/29 B.C. for Demo.stratos." It will be
seen that if we leave out 134/3 B.C. it is necessary that Demos-
tratos oecmpy 13029 B.C., inasmuch as no third year of an
'C.I. A. II, S63. "^
^C.I.A. n, 469, !. 105.
'C.I. A. II, 551, 1. 40.
HM..\. II, 551, 1. 52 f.
'Mitlh. XV (iSqo), p. 2S9; I'hil. IJV fi,S95), p. 2T5 fT., j,. 591 H.
".Vristioii 1)cloiigs to the ninth priestship. In the year 1SS9 ( Jalirh. f. cl.
Phil. CXXXIX (iSS-j), p. 546) tliere were extant for the period behveeii
16S-7 B.C. and the l)ej>:inning of the 9th priestship at Delphi 29 annual
archon.s besides a share of 15 others, who came between 16.S-7 B.C. and the
end of the twelfth priestship (after 92-1 B.C. ; see Phil. I,IV ( 1S95), p. 591 ;
n.C.H. XXII (i.SgS), p. i.)f;). On the other liand in the year 1898 there
were extant between the beginning of the 9th priestship and the year 84-3
B.C. (at the latest ) thirty-five arc' mis, if we include 5 names belonging to
this period but as yet unassigned . , either a year or priestship ( B.C. II. XXII
(1S9S), p. 156 ff. ;. In this way the beginning of the 9th ])riestsliip -s
limited to the period between 139-8 B.C. — and 129-8 B.C. +. The en<l ca:i
be determined by me with no such precision : it nuist however have beci;
later than 125-4 H-C. and earlier than 9S-7 B.C. The fact, if it be a fact,
(Pomtow, Phil. IJV (1895), p. 2i6and Jahrb. f. cl. Phil. CXLIX (1S94), p.
673) that .several archons in the 9th priestship preceded .Vristiou, nmkes
134-3 R '^^ very imjirobable for him.
■Phil. UV('i895),p. 217.
"B.C.H. XXII (i«9S), ]). 147 n".
nM\n\t)tlti.
wmmmfmmm
78
The Athenian Archons.
' \
i
;i '■
i
olympiad is unoccupied till we reach 114/3 B.C., which the
stemma of the Aristion family probably excludes,' and which is
probably to be assigned to either Herakleides or Sosikrates.
i^ 69. Lykiskos,' Dionysios,' Theodorides,* Diotimos,*
Jason/' Nikias and Isigenes," Demetrios/ and Nikodemos."
129/8-122/1 B.C.
By a piece of good fortune the secretary and the year of Jason's
archonship, as well as the secretary for Nikodemos' year, are
known. The priest of Serapis, too, for Nikias' and Isigenes'
year is known.'" Above all we can prove that the archons given
above follow one another in the order given; since C.I. A. Ill,
1014 furnishes us with the list from Lykiskos to Demetrios," and
we know the successor of Demetrios, Nikodemos, from C.I. A. II,
471, 1. 6. The secretary confirms the statement of Phlegon of
Tralles that Jason was archon at Athens in the consulship at
Rome of M. Plautius Hypsaeus and M. Fulvius Flaccus, 125/4
B.C.'" This being so, the year 129 8 B.C. ff. mu.st be assigned to
Lykiskos and his group.
>Phil. LIV (1895), p. 216.
= C.I.A. Ill, 1014 ; C.I.G. 2296; B C.H. VI (1882), p. 495 ; X (1886), p. 34
HM.A. Ill, 1014; C.I.G. 2296; B.C.II. VI, (1882), p. 491, p. 495; XXII
(1S98). ]). 1471'. The Delphian archoii, I'j'rrhos, hehl ofllce in 12S-7 B.C.
'CIA. Ill, 1014; IV 2, 1225 b; B.C.II. X ( 1886), p. 33; cf. VI (18S21, p.
347. ^C.I..\. Ill, 1014; Lebegue, Rech. .sur Delo.s, p. 163; B.C.II. VII
(1883), p. 370.
'■'C.I. A. Ill, 1014 ; II, 460, 625; iMilegoi) of Tralles, .Mirabilia X, Rerun:
Natiiralinrn .Scriptures, ed. Keller I, p. 75 f.
'C.I..\. Ill, 1014; WO-qv. II, )). 134 (here written Kisigenes and not
acconijjanied Ijy Xikia.s) ; B.C.II. XVI (1892), j). 15.'.
"CI. A. HI, 1014; II, 471, 1. 6. '-'CI. A. II, 471, 472 ; IV 2, 472 b.
'"The priest of .Serapis was Atj/xt^t/jios 'Kp/aT/o-icovos .Mapa^oicios, not AijfiriTpioi
'Ep/xiaiou Mapab'uwos as I gave it in Cornell Studies, \TI ( 1898), p. 48.
" Of the last name, Demetrios, Koehler read on the .stone — tJir)r — which
was Dittenl>erger's sufficient warrant for reading [Ar)]/ii7T[piosj.
" I have to thank Conrad Trieber ( I.iterarisches CentralbUitt, XLIX ( 1898),
p. 1606) for calling my attention to the correction of the text of Phlegon
made bj- Diels in his Sibyllinische Blatter, p. 2 fT. As emended the text
reads: iyyevrjffr] xal ^iri Pai.arjs avdpdyvvos &pxovTOi ' kOiivqCLV 'Idcrovoj,
vvartiibvTijjv iv 'VuifJLrj ^[dpKov ll\ai'T/oi<[Koi ^^^tov Kapixivlov\ "C\palov Kal
MdpKou ^ovXliiov 'PXaKKOv. The explanation Diels offers for i-he presence in
the MS. of the bracketed excrescence is most plausible. I refer the reader
to the place cited above : cf. also Cornell Studies, VII (1898), p. 61.
i2ilo-/2oljg Be/ore Christ.
n
5^70. Eumachos.' 121/0 B.C.
An excerpt from Apollodoros' clironicle, twice introduced by
PhilodemosMn Iiis history of the Academic succession, has been
deciphered by Gomperz as follows :
[Tw]i Ka[p]vc<i[8],,(t) h\ Kurhi t6v aiTl6]v ^[v] Xp[oi'ov]
36r)doi vloi 'Epfmylo]pov [M]apu9(!)VLo<;,
To T aXXo <S£> 7r[av kJui tw [fSiov] /xaAio-]ru [8^]
''E;)(a,v «^[tA]oo-[o]</)oi/, t[S>]l Aoyo) 8" ct [tto] Aairepos.
OuTOS 8' 'ApL<TTtx) [r] OS //.ei/ ^v UKrjKoixi
T[o{; t' 'E<^£(nov /3 [p] (i;)(i;,/ Tti/' Eu/3[ouA]ov xpoVov
Tots t' AvTo\v[Ko']icn[v] tw t' 'A/xwrr; (.^zVj TroAAaKts,
"HSt] Trpo^efirjKiw; /<[at] o-x"^^? r/yov/xevos,
Atoi/[tj]crt'a> r' oi' trfTravtoJi/ [iax6]\a[(T, alp<:']di[l<:']
[TJW [y']ayX'''o[A^] rdv8/3os [f/] Kal tw Aoyco .
AcKaro) Se [tJ/]s tou Ka/afcaSou /ueraAAuy^s
Yo-repoi/, e[7r'] (ipx'"''''''? ""ap' rj/xiv Evfxdxov
0a/3[yr;At]aJi'os /xi/i^os e^e'AtTrei/ — .
If other things were equal, the archou Eumachos would have
to be assigned to 119/8 B.C., the tenth year after the death of
Karneades II. But seeing that Hipparchos occupies that year,
we nuist assume that the Karneades, from whose death the
reckoning is made, is Karneades I,'' and nuist assign Eumachos
to 1 21/0 B.C. The context undoubtedly made it clear which was
meant.
4( 71. Meton.^ 120/19 B.C. ?
On the basis of a resemblance between the inscription of
Melon's year and one passed in the year of Dionysios /xera
'Gomperz. Jenaer Literaturzeitung, 1875, p. 603 f. Biichclcr, Index, p. 16
read the iianie as Kugamos. Premier, Hermes, XXIX (1S94), p. 554, n. r
called attention to Gomper/' correction: Pointow, Phil. LIV (1S95), p.
370 did likewise. All others have persisted in retaining the wrong form.
■■'Biich. 1. c. p. 16 and p. iS. The repetition of the jDa.ssage, like some of
its contents, still demands explanation.
' See above p. 74 f.
*B.C.H. VII (1883), p. 340.
i f ! j
i 111'
i
^(r
,i
80
T/ie Athoiian Archois.
AvKio-Kov (128/7 B.C.). Reinach' placed these two archons close
together.' Schoeffer places Melon in the neighborhood of 142 B.C.
i^ 72. Hipparchos' and Lenaios,' Aristarchos' and Aga-
thokles/' Menoites' and Sarapion." 119/8-118,7, 107/6-106/5,
105/4-104/3 B.C.
Several gronps of two archons each are furnished bj' certain
well known epliebe lists. They are : Deinetrios and Nikodemos,
Hipparchos and Lenaios, Aristarchos and Agathokles, Menoites
and Sarapion, and Echekrates and Medeios. Of these the first
pair belongs, as we have seen, to 123/2, 122/1 B.C., the last pair
to 102 I, loi o B.C." The others require to be dated. For
Lenaios, Aristarchos, Agathokles, and Sarapion we have the
secretaries, and we know that Hipparchos, Aristarchos, and
Menoites were respectively the direct predecessors of Lenaios,
Agathokles, and Sarapion.'"
' Rev. Arch. 1S83, 2, p. 93.
^ II may be only a cuiiicidence, yet it is worth iiolin,t;, that the priest of
the Crreat Deities — a cult verj- closely allied to that of Serapis, Isis, and
Aniibis (B.C.H. VII (1SS3), \>. 336)— for 161-0 B.C.? belon^'ed to the lril)e
Aianlis iC.I.G. 2270), and the one for 12S-7 B.C. to Oineis (Cl.Cr. 2296) :
so perhaps the one for 120-ig B.C. to Pandioiij.s — ^^e ttil'i' to wliich the
priest for Rletoii's year belongs.
•'C.I. A. 11,469.
<C.t..\. tl, 461); li.C.H. XVI ( 1S92), p. 159-
*C.t.A. 11,470; '.ve^./. IV. p. 462: cf. H.C.H. VI(i8S2),p. 34S, no. 74. The
priest who made the dedication in this inscription is stylej hicxp^^v
A/(rx/3iau'oj TQv \i.ov\'<siov .M«\irei»s. The reason for the appearance of the
grandl'alher's name is to be foiunl i" B-C.II. \\ ( 1SS2), p. 326, where we
find AiuxpitJi' kfi<!xp[(i>vo% ToO Ei5/ioi'\oii Me\iTei5s Sfceiiig thai the former in-
scri])li()n was posted up in 107-fi, tile latter in 1 1 i-o B.C., there was consider-
able danger of confusion ; cf. B.C. II. VI ( 1S.S2), ]>. 3|i, no. 50.
•'■CI. A. II, 170; IV 2, 1226 d; B.C.H. Xlli (1889), p. 269; Josephus,
Antiq. of the Jews, XIV, 8, 5.
■ C I. A. II, 46,5 ; B.C.H. VI ( 1882), p. 349 ; VII ( 1883 1, p. 368.
''C.I.A. 11,465,595.1.5; H-CH. t.'t 11879), p. 294.
" See below j). 86 f .
"^ See th-> inscriptions fr jin \.\vt C.I. A. just cited.
I: r
p'
1. ^;;
■■ Vr.
I ig\S-io^\j Before Christ.
8z
Meiioites and Sarapioii cannot have come between 137/6 and
109/8 B.C.; for the priest of Serapi.s for Menoite.s' year was
'l7r7roi'tKo[s 'iTTTroJwKou <t>Ai)£i)s, a name which does not occur in the
hst of priests though this is complete for the period inchided.' Tlie
secretary allows only two places to be considered in their connec-
tion 105/4, 104/3 l^t^- ^'itl 93/2. 92/1 B.C. The finst of these is
imperatively demanded by the evidence ; for in Sarapion's year
the priests of Serapis still followed one another in the official
order of their tribes. In loi o B.C. that order had already been
discontinued.'' Furtliermore in the archonships of Aristarchos
(107/6 B.C. j, Menoites, and Kchekrates ( loi/o B.C.) theoTrAo-
/xax"' f*^'^ t^^*^ ep'iebes was 'H^oSotos Etrtaios and the dc^eVr;?, KuAAt'as
AtyiAtcu'j.' Besides, the dKoi/TiaTr/s for Djmetrios' year, 123/2 B.C.,
linving been the same as for Menoites' year,' the shorter interval is
preferable. 1054 and 104/3 B.C. may therefore be assigned vvitli
certainty to Menoites and Sarapion.
Of the other two pairs, the tangencies of Hipparchos and
Lenaios are all with Demetrios and Nikodemos ( i23'2, 122/1
B.C.), and tho.se of Ari.starchos and Agathokles with Menoites
and Sarapion (105/4, I04'3 B.C.), and Kchekrates and Medeios
(102/1, loi/oB.C). For the (<aTa7ruATa<^6Vi;s of Demetrios' year,
KuAxv^w KaAx[»?]8ovos IIept6o[t]8?js, was a(f>iT;]<; in Hipparclios'
year, and 'lepoiv 'HpaKXctSov 'Ai/ayvpdo-ios, the vrnqpirrf^ of Demetrios*
year, was a.KovTUTrri<; in Hipparchos' year.' On the other hand we
have already seen that the three archons ArLstarchos, Menoites,
and Kchekrates have a common ottAo/xuxos and a common dc/jcTTjs.
Since therefore we are allowed by the secretaries to a.ssign either
pair to ii9;8, 118/7 or to 107/6, 106/5 B.C. there can be no doubt
whatever that the earlier yeans are to be set down for Hipparchos
and Lenaios and the later years for Aristarchos and Agathokles.
' Cornell Studies, VII ( 189S), p. 46.
2 See C.I. A. II, 985 E, 1. 57-
•'C.I.A. II, 470, 465, 467.
♦C.l.A. II, 471 and 465.
'C.I.A. II, 471 and 469.
..* a ^!y :''f" M <'-''-i» WM ^
lr\
ill !|i
5 sr;
I
I' '■'■■!
I : #
i
83
T/ic Aiheman .hr/ions.
In Agathokles' year the paidotrihes was Ncoji/ 'A</>i8mios.' The
same imliviclnal helil the same office in Hcrakleides' archoiiship''
and in Sosikrates' year. ' Therefore it seemed to me that these four
arclions, Aristarehos, Agathokles, Herakleides, and vSosikrates,
formed a group which could only bodily be moved and located.
It was because of the supposed fact that the common jiaidotribes
linked these archons together indissolubly, that in the Athenian
Secretaries* I assigned Aristarehos and Agathokles to 119/8,
1 18/7 B.C. and Herakleides and Sosikrates to the years immedi-
ately following. But a man mny have been paidotribes in years
widely apart. Tims in 2S3 2, 275 4, and 272/1 ? B.C. the paido-
tribes was 'Ep/io8(upos 'EopTiov 'Ai(apviv<:.' No other precedent than
this is needed to warrant us in assuming that Ncwi' *A<;^i8i'uios
could have been paidotribes in 114/3, iii/o, and 107/6 B.C."
The location of Agathokles has been a matter of much dispute.'
An Athenian decree, found embedded in Jo.sephus' Antiquities of
the ''ews, is dated by this archon. From the position of the
document in the work'* one would suppose that its contents had to
do with Hyrkanos II, high priest of the Jews from 69 to 40 B.C.
Koehlf^r in proposing the period 69-62 B.C. for Agathokles had,
besidts the name connections already mentioned, to contend with
the difficulty that the kosmetes for Aristarehos' year, EvSo^os
Evdd^oD ' Axip^ovcTioi , seemed identical with the Trals, EuSo^os Ev86$ov
'iTTTTo^wvTt'Sos <^vA^s who won a victory at the Theseia in Phaidrias'
year." Salomon Reinach'" added to these difficulties another by
>C.I.A. IV 2, 1226 d.
'C.I.A. IV 2, 1226 c.
'C.I.A. II, 1226.
* Cornell .Studies, VII (1898), p. 57 ; cf. Homolle, B.C.H. XVII (1893), p.
153 f.
* See above p. 27.
'Tf/itoK 1i.ixa.pxov BovTd5r]s the paidotribes of 123-2 B.C. (C.I.A. II, 471)
was kosmetes in 102-1 B.C. (C.I.A. II, 467).
* See Koehler's introductory note to C.I.A. II, 470,
' To the fact that it got misplaced may be attributed the addition to the
name "TpKavdt of that of the second Hyrkanos' father, Alexandros ; see
Homolle, B.C.H. XVII (1893), p. 153, n. i.
^ C.I.A. II, 470, 1. 33 and 446, col. II, 1. 76.
><*Rev. Arch. 1883, 2, p. 99 ff.
//f// Before Christ.
83
drawijig attention to tlu lanj^oncies of ©eoSoros :iio8<.)poij towuv'i.
Tliis individnal, who was the mover of two Athenian decrees
of Agatholvles' year, was identified l)y Reinach with an epime-
letcs of Delos of the same name, whom Hoinolle located in
Echekrates archonsiiip,' Ilomolle added yet another difficnlty
in showing that, not only was Atoi/utrios /itrii na/xi/iocoi/ (wlio is
now dated positively in ri2/i B.C.) joined to Agathokles by a
common chairman of proedroi, %TpaTo<^^v ^TpuTOKKfovi ^owuv'i, but
also that Paramonos was linked to Polykleitos by the fact that
Stoo-iW EiyeVous OtVaios fwlio is HOW known for certain to have
been priest of Diony.sos in 113/2 B.C. and priest of Serapis in
1 10/9 B.C. ) was a priest at Delos in both years. •* When then in
1893" he showed fnrtlier that Polykleitos was archon in the
neighborhood of no B.C., and from the text of Josephus itself
made it likely that Agathokles c.i iie in the 29th year of the
priestship of Hyrkanos I' or in 1005 B.C., the view of Koehlcr
was pretty well demolished. It only remained to add the testi-
mony of the finds at Delphi, through which we have recently
learned that 'StvoKpaTtj^ ' AyrjaiXdov , the archon there with whom
Aristokles coincided, belonged to the period of the three half-
yearly senators, and therefore to a time earlier than 84/3 B.C.,*
to make it beyond all doubt that the Hyrkanos honored by the
Athenians in Agathokles' year was Hyrkanos I, high priest of
of the Jews from 135 ? to 105 ? B.C*
i^ 73. Nausias.' 115/^ B.C.
We know that Nausias was archon at Athens in the year in
which Taios Vdtov 'Axapvtvi vvas priest of the joint cult of Serapis,
'B.C.H. VIII (1884), p. 102 flf.; cf. B.C.H. XVII (1893), p. 152.
'B.C.H. X (1886), p. 25 ; cf. II (187S), p. 397 and VI (1882), p. 337 f.
'B.C.H. XVII (1893), p. 149 ff.
♦The phrase runs thus in Josephus (I.e.): ravra iy^vero iirl "TpmvoO
dpxtep^ios Kal idvipxov erovi ivdrov ny\vbi YVa.viiJ.ov. Honiolle ingeniously
supposes that in place of 9th it had originally been 29th.
* B.C.H. XXII (1S98), p. 147 ff and p. 160.
" The dates are quite uncertain ; see Homolle, B.C.H. XVII (1893), p. 156 f.
'C.I.G. 2295.
IMAGE EVALUATION
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Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. USSO
(yi6)S72-4S03
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84
T/ie Atheniaii Archons.
Isis, and Anubis at Delos.' In the Athenian^ Secretaries I have
shown that Gaios was priest in the year 115/4 B.C.
§ 74. Herakleides^ and Sosikrates.* 114/3 or iri/o B.C.
Tiiese two archons are linked to each otlier and to Aristarchos
(107/6 B.C.) by the common paidotribes NtW 'A</)t8i/aios.^ Be-
tween 133/2 B.C. and 95/4 B.C. the only vacant years are 120/19?,
117/6, 116/5, 114/3, and iii/o B.C. Though one can hardly .say
that all but the last two are impossible, they are at least much
le.ss probable.
§75. Paramonos" and Dionysios.' 113/2-112/1 B.C.
In Diony.sios' archonship the consuls at Rome were I,. Cal-
purnius (Piso) and M. Livius (Drusus)." This coincidence dates
Dionysios with absolute certainty in 11 2/1 B.C.,* the year which
the secretary also demands.'" From C.I. A. II, 475 we know
that Paramonos was the immediate predecessor of Dionysios."
§76. Polykleitos'' and Jason." 110/9-109/8 B.C.
From the list published in the Athenian Secretaries" it is evi-
dent that liwcrtW OivaTos was priest of Serapis in 110/09 B.C. The
epimeletes of Delos for the year in which Sosion was priest was
'C.I.G. 2295 and B.C.H. VI (1S82), p. 324, no. 15.
'Cornell Studies, VII (1898), p. 46.
'C.I.A. IV 2, 1226 c.
♦C.I.A. II, 1226.
^ See above p. 82.
«C.I.A. II, 475; R.C.H. VI (1882), p. 338.
'C.I.A. II, 475 ; B.C.H. XXI (1897), p. 600; cf. XXII (1898), p. 148.
"B.C.H. XXI (1897), p. 600.
"Mommsen, C.I.L,. I, p. 535.
10 See A.J.P. XIX (1898), p. 314 f.
I'Swtriwi' Ei>M^.'ops QlvaM% (B.C.H. VI (1882), p. 33S, no. 41) I take to
be the priest of Dionysos, the god to whom the dedication is made, not an
ex-priest of Serapis in Paramonos' year ; cf. Homolle, B.C.H. XVII ( 1893),
p. 154.
"C.I.A. II, 461; B.C.H. II (1878), p. 397; XIII {1889), p. 370; XVI
(1892), p. 151 f. ; XVII (1893), p. 149 and n. 2.
"C.I.A. II, 461 ; B.C.H. VI (1882), p. 323.
>♦ Cornell Studies, VII ( 1898), p. 46 ff.
io8l7-iojl2 Before Christ.
85
Aioi/vo-ios NiKwi/os naXAT/reus.' We have abundant testimony' that
Dionysios was epinieletes in Polykleitos' archonship. Therefore
Polykleitos was archon in 110/09 B.C. This is the year de-
manded by the secretary also, just as 109/8 B.C. is that demanded
for Jason, the immediate successor of Polykleitos, by the priest of
Serapis for his year.
In 1893 Homolle showed that the year of the accession of Pliilon
to the headship of tlie Academy was that of Polykleitos. Inasmuch
as Crassus, wht.'n praetor ( 1 1 1-09 B.C. ), had attended the lectures
of the predecessor of Philon, Kleitomachos, the terminus post
quem was thereby fixed for Polykleitos.''
§ 77. Demochares* and Theokles.-' 108/7 and 103/2 B.C.
From C.I. A. IV 2, 626 b we learn that Theokles was a near
predecessor of Medeios ( loi/o B.C. ).* The only vacant places at
all suitable are 108/7 and 103/2 B.C. The two names [0£okA]^s
and [npo>c\]^s are equally good for the preamble of C.I. A. IV 2,
477, a decree whicli belongs to about this time ; but, inasmuch as
the secretary is from the tribe Oineis, Prokles is impossible.
Theokles should be restored, and is thereby fixed, through
the secretary in 103/2 B.C. The other requirement for Theo-
kles is almost as cogent. Among the ephebes in Delos for
Theokles' year' was 2t/wiAos 2t/xaAou TapavrTvos, who in Echekrates'
year (102/1 B.C.) was enrolled among tlie foreign ephebes resi-
dent at Athens." A man could be an ephebe in two years only.
The decree just cited is in praise of the c/syao-Tivai." maidens who
spun the wool for Athena's peplos in Theokles' year. The
' B.C.H. VI (1SS2), p. 337.
'B.C.H. II (1S78), p. 397; XIII (1889), p. 370; XVI (1892), p. 151 f.
"B.C.H. XVII (1S93), p. 149 f.
♦C.I.A. IV 2, 477 d.
* C.I.A. IV 2, 626 b ; B.C.H. XV ( 1891 ), p. 261.
* Theokles could not liave been a near predecessor of the Medeios who
was archon in 85-4 B.C. ? and following.
'B.C.H. XV(i89i), p. 261.
8 C.I.A. II, 467, 1. 145 ; cf. Fougeres, B.C.H. XV (1891), p. 262,
* That a peplos was made every year is shown by the scholiutr to Ar.
Knights, 1. 566 ; cf . Sandys, Arist. Ath. Pol. 49, 1. 20, note. Koehler, i owever,
maintains that it was made only for the Great Panathenaia (Mitth. VIII
(1883), p. 62).
!.
86
The Athenian Archons.
decree extant for Demochares' year' was of like character and of
the same general time. The secretary allows us as possibilities
108/7 ^>id 84 '3 B.C. The latter year, however, is occupied in
Schoeffer's list. Besides, the name connections, though by no
means decisive, are on the whole in favor of 108/7 ^C. ; for
among the cpyaorivat for Demochares' year are : The daughter of
Dionysios of Phlya, one of the Sa^a^iacrTat for Theokles' year.'
The grandfather of Dionysios appears among the contributors in
183/2 B.C. ;'' the daughter of Theogenes of Lcimptrai, whose
grandfather also appears in 183/2 B.C. ;* the daughter of Pyrrhos
of L,amptrai, who in 98/7 B.C. was herald of the Areopagus and
in 96/5 B.C. was general en-I ra ottAxx; ' the daughter of Kallias of
Bate and of Mikion of Kephisia. For the family of Kallias see
Koehler, C.I. A. II, 445, p. 223, and for that of Mikion see above
P- 45-
§ 78. Echekrates," Medeios,' Theodosios," Prokles,* Ar-
geios,'" Argeios," and Herakleitos.'' 102/1-96/5 B.C.
An inscription published in the C.I. A." furnishes us with a list
of the Delian and Athenian magistrates, who in the first ei'»'eeTi//jis
contributed ctTrapp^ai to the Pythian Apollo at Delos. This list is
divided into eight captions by means of the .seven archons above
mentioned, and an eighth who immediately preceded Echekrates.
' C.I.A. IV 2, 477 d.
' C.I.A. IV 2, 626 b ; cf. II, 956, 1. 8.
'C.I.A. II, 9S3, col. I, 1. 140.
*C.I.A. II, 983, col. I, 1. 75.
* See above p. 76.
"C.I.A. II, 437, 985 D, 11. 17, 20.
'C.I.A. II, 467, 985 E, 1- 16; IV 2, 626b, 1. 65; 1205 b?, 1206 b.
8 C.I.A. II, 985 A, 1. 7, E, 1. 60.
'••C.I.A. II, 9S5 A, 1. 17, E, col. II, 1. 26 ; Ivcb^gue, Rech. sur Ddlos, p. 156;
B.C.H. X (1886), p. 36f.
>» C.I.A. II, 985 D, col. II, 1. 18; B.C.H. XXII (1S98), p. 148 and 160.
" C.I.A. II, 985 D, col. II, 1. 30, 468.
"C.I.A. II, [985 E, col. II, 1. 12], E, col. II, 1. 34, 468, 627, 1207 ; B.C.H.
XV(i89i), p. 263.
"C.I.A. II, 985.
Unlocated Archons.
87
Ar-
The following Delian inscription enables us to date the whole
group : ' Ep/xacorai, 'ATroWwi'iao-Tai, nocreiScDwaoTai, 01 yevo/xtvoi ctti
VTraTO)!/ Fvaibu Kopi/»;Xibv AevToXov Kai JloTrAt'ov AiKu/t'ov Kpacro-ov, en-t
tTTi/xcAi^TOii 8e T^s vi]<Tov Mt/Sci'ov tou MTjSei'oi) Ileipaitw?, tov 'HpaxA^v
dve^jjKtti/, d«^i£/3ui(ravT£s HpuKAel kox 'ItoAikois. Cti. Cornelius Lentulus
and P. Licinius Crassus were consuls at Rome in 97 B.C/ Since
the Roman consuls entered upon office in January,' and all ordin-
ary Attic magistrates in June-July, Medeios was epimeletes of
Delos in either 98/7 or 97/6 B.C. From the list already referred
to* we learn that in the first archonship of Argeios, Medeios was
epimeletes of Delos. Therefore the finst archonship of Argeios
falls in either 98/7 or 97/6 B.C. Of these two years Koehler selects
the latter, because by this selection a coincidence is established be-
tween the ewecTT/pt's and two Pythiades (or the period between two
quadrennial Delia). But if Sandys is right' and in 279 B.C. the
Delia were celebrated, not in the third year of an olympiad, but
in the second, two Pythiades would only coincide with the
cVweTT/pi's when Argeios was archon for the first time in 98/7 B.C.
That Argeios was archon for the first time in 98/7 B.C. is proved
by the secretary for Medeios' year.
§ 79. Unlocated archons.
The following are the unlocated archons of the second century
B.C.
Andreas.
C.I. A. II, 1043. The name is doubtfully that of an archon,
the content of the inscription is not ascertainable, and its date
uncertain. An Andreas was epimeletes of Delos between 95 and
1 B.C.H. IV ( 18S0), p. 190 f. I can find no evidence to support HotnoUe's
assertion that Medeios was epimeletes in both arclionships of Argeios.
'Mommsen, C.I.L. I, r>. 537.
'Since the Herma'isi.i were all Romans (B.C.H. VI (1882), p. 166, n. 2)
and neither the ApoUoniastai nor Poseidoniastai Athenians (B.C.H. VIII
(1884), p. no), it is natural to expect that the Roman consuls, not the
Athenian epimeletes, defined the year.
C.I.A. II, 985 D, col. II, 1. 14.
* Arist. Ath. Pol. 54, 1. 32, note.
88
The Athenian Archons.
t,!:
^ ' \
' I
II'
Ui ■^
88 B.C. (see Kirchtjer, Pauly-Wissowa, I, p. 2135 (4) ) and fig-
ured in other connections about the turn of the second and first
centuries B.C. From the common custom of making an ex-
archon epimeletes at Delos, it is conceivable that Andreas, if
archon, was archon in the last quarter of the second century B.C.
A list of names accompanies that of this archon in C.I. A. II,
1043. Among them appears EuKD^/iwi/ Ba[r7d£i']. Euktemon was
about 15 years old in Anthesterios' year (C.I. A. II, 445, col. II,
1. 7 ff. ). Hence his uk/xt/ came in about 135 B.C. Andreas was
probably his contemporary (cf. Kirchner, Rhein. Mus. LUI
(1898), p. 388 f.).
Andronides.
'E<^. *Ap;(. 1898, p. 10. A mere name published without any
chronological indication whatsoever.
Antiphilos.
C.I. A. II, 405. About the middle of the second century B.C.
Diony.sios 6 /xtra - r^v.
C.I. A. II, 418. The .secretary was ©tdAvros [ — d]ev.
Dionysios 6 /xera 8am.
C.I. A. IV 2, 418 b. The secretarj' was 'lao-wv 'A/oio-tok[/o -].
These both in all probability came later than the Dionysios who
succeeded Nikophon (c. 200 B.C.), but I do not see how one can
say more than that they belong to the second century B.C. The
second, for anything I can find to tlie contrary, might be identi-
fied with the Diony.sios who succeeded Lykiskos in 128/7 B.C.
(.) . . enion.
C.I. A. II, 623, 1. 6. The letter before the H is said by Koehler
to have been a Z, T, or F. We have an archon Athenion fur-
nished us by an Athenian kleruch in.scription from the island of
Skyros. Dittenberger (followed by Kirchner, Pauly-Wissowa,
s. v.) holds that Athenion is a local archon, and cites as parallels
C.I. A. II, 469and594. These show that at Salamis a local archon
existed, but C.I. A. II, 595 indicates that the Athenian archon
alone might be used to date a Salaminian document. At Delos the
Athenian archon alone was used and the presumption is in favor
of the same being true for Skyros. The letter preceding the H
' i
Unlocated Archons.
89
might conceivably be a 0. If so, Athenion would come later than
196 B.C., the year in which Athens got possession of Skyros.
KA, • • ou,
B.C.H. X (1886), p. 37 f. May be ascribed to the period
166-95 B-C. perhaps.
-lytades.
BUcheler (Index Here. Acad. Phil. p. 17, notes) places this
archon in the first half of the second century B.C.
-on.
B.C.H. X (1886), p. 37 f. May be ascribed to the period
166-95 B.C. perhaps.
- OS.
C.I. A. II, 377. The man who made the motion was AaK^oT?;?
Mcfi'Topos] - (C.I. A. IV 2, 377), who was chairman of the
proedroi in Symmachos' year (C.I. A. IV 2, 417 b). - os should
therefore be ascribed to the early part of the second century B.C.
- phantes.
Biicheler, Index, etc., p. 19, notes; Goniperz, Sitzungsb. d. k.
Akad. d. Wissens. zu Wien. CXXIII (iSgo), VI, p. 84. At least
seven years prior to the death of Karneadcs. Perhaps some-
where between 150 and 140 B.C.
Phokion.
C.I. A. IV 2, 463 c. Ascribed by Koehler to the second
century B.C.
Pleistainos.
C.I. A. II, 1409. His full name was IIAeiorTaivos Sw/cXeous
Ke«^oA^^£v. In C.I. A. II, 840 there is the first letter II, the
second perhaps A, and the third E of an archon's name. Koehler
suggests IIAeioTaii/os and ascribes the inscription to the end of the
second century B.C. In it /SaJo-iAe'ws 'Av[tioxou] appear.s — perhaps
Antiochos VIII Epiphanes, Philometor, Kallinikos, etc. (125-96
B.C.) ; cf. Pomtow. Jahrb. f. cl. Phil. CXI,IX (1894), P- 553.
n. 95.
T- .
Biicheler (Inde::, etc., p. 17, notes) places T- in the firs:
half of the second century B.C.
90
The Athenian Archons.
C.I.A. IV 2, 407 k.
The genitive of the archon's name ended in - to]us. The sec-
retary was from the tribe Ptolemais. Kirchner in his indices
ascribes the inscription to <he second centnry B.C. It may be-
long to 189/8, 177/6, 153/2, 141/0, or 117/6 B.C.
There are, besides, the two fragmentary names E - (C.I.A. II,
1198), and Ka[l -] (C.I A. II Add. Nov. 477 c), and the full
nama Aristeides (C.I.A. II, 1166) which belong somewhere in
the third, second, and first centuries B.C.
^:'
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES.
In this table the following signs are used : i. An interrogHtion mark with italics to indicate
an approximate dating, a. An interrogation mark alone to indicate a preference for one of two
or more possible years. 3. Italics alone to indicate a well assured, but not ([uite certain dating.
4. Roman type to indicate a well assured and practically certain dating. 5. An asterisk after a
•ecretary's deme-name to indicate a restoration made by the author.
year
B.C. I
Arc/ion.
Tribe.
Secretary.
307/6
306/5
305/4
304/3
303/2
302/1
301/0
300/9
299/8
298/7
297/6
296/5
295/4
294/3
293/2
292/1
291/0
290/9
289/8
288/7
287/6
286/5
285/4
284/3
283/2
282/1
281/0
280/9
279/8
278/7
277/6
276/5
275/4
274/3
273/2
272/1
271/0
Anaxikrates
Koroibos
Euxenippos
Pherekles
Leostratos
Nikokles
Klearchos
Hegeni aches
Luktetnon
Mnesidemos
Antiphates
Nikias
Nikostratos
Olympiodoros Atitiochi.s
Philippos Antigonis
Aigeis
Aiantis
Antiochis
Antigonis
Erechtheis
Aigeis
Pandionis
Leontis
Akamantis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
\h.va'ux% [T*l]o5[t']7rirou Aio/xccvs
Ila/K^iAo; ©toyeiTOi'os Pu/irovtrios
OS AuKou 'AAwTTtK^^e \y\
I YiKiyapivwi ^7]fj.o)^dpovs Tupy^TTio<i
Aioc^avTos i\iovv(To8topov 4>iyyov(nos
NtKwi/ &io8iopov IIAtofltvs
; Mvrjaap)^^ [os ] ov ITpo/JaAiaios
I
©£o</>tAos [Htv] o [<^(jlv] Tos Ki<f>a\rj6iv
['A vt] I [kp] ottjs KpartV [ov ' A^>;v] i [«vs] *
— — 4>ttA7jpe»Js'
Lysias
Kinion
Diokles
Diotimos
Isaios
Euthios
Xenophoii
Urios
Telokles
Menekles
Nikias Otr.
Demetrias
Erechtheis
Aigeis
jPandionis
Leontis
Akamantis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
Antiochis
Htvoi^o) [v N] iKtov 'AAaievs
AvaiarpaTOS [*A] pioro [/i] a;(Ov Ilaiavicvs
Navo-tjuenys Nuvo-ikvSov XoAapycvs
Ev^evos KaAAtbv At^wvevs
Aristonymos i Antigonis
Gorgias Demetrias
Anaxikrates Erechtheis
Demokles Aigeis
{.)...laios? Pandionis
Kleomachos? Leontis
Polyeuktos
Hieron
Eubulos ?
Philoneosf
Pytharatos
Akamantis
Oineis
■Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
©£o8a)/oos KvuiBiov [TpiKO/j] i;o-ios
'lo-OKparr/s '\iJOKpa.rov 'AAwTrcK^^ev
s AiftxAiSijs
'A [<^] B6v(\To<i 'Ap)(ivov KjJttios
Xaipt<f>C)v 'Ap\e(TTpdTov Ki<f>aX!j6cv
$oivvAos Ilav<f>ikov 'OrjdiV
^ From an inscription not yet published.
92
The Athenian Archons.
}/■;[(' Archon.
Tribe.
Secretary.
270/9'
Antiochis
269/8
Antigoni.s
268/7 Philokrates
UciiiL'trias
Hyj/criTTTTos 'Api(7To/id;(ou McAircvs
267/6 Peithidemos
I'^ccluliL'is
266/5
Aigeis
265/4
Paudioni.s
264/3 Diogtietos
Leotitis
263/2 Arrhetieides
Akanianti.s
262/1
Oineis
261/0
Kekropis
260/9
Hippothontis
259/8 Olbios
Aianti.s
- [s ] OS 'PaflVOV [(TlOS
2587
Antiochis
2576
Antigonis
256/5
Denietrias
2554
Kreclithei.s
254/3 Kallimedes?
Aigeis
[KaA]Atas Ka< AiaSov IIAoj^tvs
253,2
Pandionis
252/1 Thersiloclios
? lyfontis
Aio^oro; Aioyv?/Tou ^pidppios
251/0
Akainantis
250/9'
Oineis
249/8
Kekropis
248/7 Diogeiton
Hippothontis
®i6^T0i ®to<f>i\ov KtipidSr)<i
247/6
Aiantis
246/5 C I.A.IV2,37ic
• Antiochis
— — Et[T«aios ^^
245/4 — inou
Antigonis
244/3
Denietrias
OS AyjurjTpio [y 'Ittttot [0] p, [a] 81;?
243/2
Erechtheis
242/1
Aigeis
241/0 Glaukippos
Pandionis
EvOoivo[s KJpiTov [Mvp/a] tvovo-ios
240/9
Leontis
239/8
Akatnanti.s
238/7 C.I. A.IV 2,373c
• Oineis
(] vcuvos 'EiriK»;<^t(rios
237/6 Heliodoros
Kekropis
Xapias KaXAibu 'A^ju,ov£ [v] S
236/5 I/eocliare.s
Hippothontis
235/4 Theophilos
Aiantis
4>tAiir7ros Kr)<l>i(To8(>)pov *A [<^i8vaTos *
234/3 Ergochares
Antiochis
ZwiAos Aii^i'Ao[u] 'AAwTTCK [^^ev]
233/2 Niketes
i
Antigonis
1
i
* Uiilocaled archons of this period : Agasias, Sosistratos.
■■' Uiilocated archons of this period : A-, Alkibiades, { .?)... bios, Hagnias, Lysiades,
Lysitheides, Pheidostratos, Pythokritos, Theophemos, Thyniochares.
I )
Clironoloc[ical Tables.
93
Year
B.C.
Archon.
Tribe.
a^aji lAntiphilos
231/0 Jason
230/9 Kalli —
229/S Meiiekrates
228/7 Diomedoti
^J-i,. Kallaiscliros
226/5
225/4 Chairephon
224/3 s
223/2 Diokles
222/1 luipliilttos
221/0 Herakleitos
220/9 Archelaos
2i9/«'
218/7!
217/6 Aischron
216/5 Kallistratos
215/4;
214/3
213/2 CIA.IV2,385ff Akainaiitis
212/1 j Oineis
2 1 1 /o 'Nikophon ? Kekropi s
210/9 Dionysiosf Hippotliontis
209/8 1 ;Aiantis
208/7 Antiochis
207/6 Thrasyphon? Antigonis
206/5 Patiades Demetrias
205/4 C.I. A. II, 385. Krechtheis
204/3 1 Aigeis
203/2 Antimachos? Pandionis
202/1 Phanarcludesr Leonti.s
Dcinctrias
Krechtheis
Aigeis
Pandionis
Leontis
Ptoleniais
Akamantis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
Antiochis
Antigonis
Demetrias
Krechtheis
Aigeis
Pandionis
Leontis
Ptoleniais
Secretary,
4>o/3uo-Ki'8»;s 'ApivTOfiivov 'A [At/xouo-ios] '-!'■
likiovva — — —
Mdo-xos Mo[(rx -] Ku[&x]^r;v(aui;s)
Api(TTOTf\ri<! ©taivtVoD Ke [<^uA^^£v]
201/0
200/9 Sosigenesf
199/8'
198/7
197/6
196/5
195/4
194/3
Ptoleniais
JAkaniantis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
Antiochis
Attalis
-s MevfOT/aaTou Aa/iTrrpevs
Xatp [i] yevT/s [XaiJpiyeVou Mvpptvoi/o-cos
' Unlocated archons of this period : Alexandres, Philinos.
»Unlocated archons of the third cent. B.C. : Antipatros, Philippides, Proxenides.
■I
1 I
I' '
I I
!
94
The Athenian Archons.
Year
B.C.
rin/ion.
X93/2
192/1 :
191/0'
190/9 1
189/8
188/7 Symniachos
187/6 Theoxciios
186/5 Zopyros
185/4 Kupolemos
X84/3
183/2 Herniogenes
182/1 Tiinesianax
181/0
180/9'
179/8
178/7
177/6
176/5 Hippakos
175/4 Sonikos
174/31
173/2'
172/1 Tychaiidros
171/0 De —
170/9 Achaios?
169/8 Eunikos
168/7 Xenokles
167/6 Nikonienes?
166/5 Xysiades?
165/4 Pelops
164/3 Euerg—
163/2 |Erastos
1 62/ 1 Poseidonios
i6i/o Aristolas
160/9 jAristaichmos
159/8
158/7,'
^^Vj Anthesterios
^50 5i,KalHstratos
155/4, Mnesitheos
154/3
153/2I
Tnbe,
'Erechtheis
:Aigcis
Paiidionis
Leontis
Ptoleniais
Akaiuautis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiajitis
Antiochis
Attalis
Erechtheis
Aigeis
jPandionis
Leontis
Ptoleniais
Akaniantis
Oineis
jKekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
jAntiochis
Attalis
Erechtheis
Aigeis
Pandionis
Leontis
Ptoleniais
Akaniantis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
jAntiochis
lAttalis
'Erechtheis
Aigeis
Pandionis
Leontis
Ptolemais
Secretary.
'Ap)^iK\rj^ ®to8utpov ®opiKioi
Miydpicrro^ Ylvppov At^wi'e[u]s
^rparoviKOi ^rparoviK [ov 'A/na^Jai/rev?
[ - 'Api] o-TO/Aa;(ov TlpofiaXimo^
Ilr.vaaviai BiovcAov Iltpi6oi8r}i
SoxTiy [e ] n/s MtviKparov Map [a^ojvios]
Aiow(tik\^s Atota^crtov 'EkoA^^cv
.s ^iXwviSov 'EAev(rtVtos
* Unlocated archons of this period : -lytades, -os, T-.
ChKottohjricnl Tables.
95
year
B.C.
Atxhon,
Tribe.
Secretary.
KTUa
Hagnotheos
Phaidrias'
52/1
5'/o
50/9^
49/8',
48/7
47/6 I
46/5
45/4 /V"Vc'« ;''
44/3
43/2 Zaleukosf
42/1
41/0
40/9 Antitheos
39/8 Archon
38/7 Epikrates
37/6 Tlieaitetos?
Nikomachos
Xenon ?
Tiniarchos?
Metrophanes
Ergokles
31/0 Epikles
30/9 Demostratos
29/8 Lykiskos
28/7 Dionysios
27/6 Theodorides
26/5 Diotinios
25/4 Jason
1 if Nikias and
24/3 I \lsigenes
23/2 jDemetrios
22/1 jNikodemos
21/0 Euniachos
20/9 Melon ?
19/8 Hipparchos
18/7 iLenaios
17/6'i
16/5 I
15/4 Naiisias
36/5
35/4
34/3
33/2
32/1
Akamantis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
lAntiochis
Attalis
Krechtlieis
Aigeis
Paiidionis
Leoutis
Ptolemais
Akamantis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
Antiochis
Attalis
Erechtheis
Aigeis
Pandionis
Leontis
Ptolemais
Akamantis
Oineis
Kekropis
Hippothontis
Aiantis
Antiochis
Attalis
Erechtheis
1 Aigeis
.Pandionis
iLeontis
Ptolemais
Akamantis
Oineis
Mci'CKpar>;« Xupi^fVou ©u^iKtof
SvTToAlJTTlOS
E7riy€v»;s Motr^i'ojj'os Aajurrr/jcvs
[Fo/ayjiAos VopylXov —
[— — B]oDTa8j;s
— 'Ava^iK/aaTou *EA«v(riVtos
'EirtyeVi/s 'E7riy«'ou Oivato;
[*I](7i8wpos ' Atto [W] tovt'ou ^Kafi/SoiviSyji
* May be placed in 153-2 B.C.
' Unlocated arnhons of this period : Andronides, Antiphilos, Dionysios /terA -riv^
Dionysios Mei" A Suva, (.)..enion, KX...ou, -on, -phantes.
» Unlocated archons of this period : Andreas, Pleistainos.
!■(
^M
■' I
96
T/ie Athenian Archons.
Year
B.C.
Archon.
Tribe.
1 14/3 Herakleides?
Kekropis
1 13/2 Paranivjiios
Hippothontis
1 1 2/ 1 Dionysios
Aiatitis
iii/o Sosik rates?
Antiochis
1 10/9 Polykleitos
Attalis
109,3 Jason
Hrechtheis
108/7 Demockarcs
Aigeis
107/6 A/istarchos
Pandionis
106/5 Agathokles
I^eontis
105/4 Menoites
Ptoleniais
104/3 Sarapion
Akamantis
1032 Theokles
Oineis
102/ 1 Echekrates
Kekropis
loi/o Medeios
Hippothontis
100/9' Theodosios
Aiantis
99/8 Prokles
Antiochis
98/7 Argeios
Attalis
97/6 Argeios
Hrechtheis
96/5 Herakleitos
Aigeis
Secretary.
Aa/iios Tt/xoi;;^ou 'Fa/ivovfTios
Ettk^qvi^s ETTK^dvOU Aa/ATTTpCUS
— Aion;(ro8a)pow 'AyKvA[^6£v]
TeAeo-Tiys Mi;8eiou Haiaviews
[ — trJ^eVijs KAciviov Ko6ajKt[8i^s]
4>tAt'(j)v 4>tA,ta)i'os 'EAcvcriVios
' Unlocated archons of the second cent. B.C. : Phokion, E-?, Ka[l-] ?, Aristeides?.
1
r, i
I!
ff
P:
\ i
INDEX OF NAMES OF ARCHONS.
rpevs
-]?, Aristeides?.
A-, 35-
Acliaios, 59.
Agasias, 35.
Agathokles, 80.
Aischron, 41.
Alexaiidros, 35.
Alkibiades, 36.
'Avapxia., I.
Anaxikrates, i.
Anaxikrates, 22.
Andreas, 87.
Andronides, 88.
Anthesterios, 67.
Antiniachos, 52.
Anlipatros, 36.
Antipliates, i.
Aiitiphilos, 41.
Antiphilos, 88.
Antitheos, 70.
Archelaos, 39.
Arclion, 70.
Argeios (i) and (2), 86.
Aristaichmos, 65.
Aristarchos, 80.
Aristeides, 90.
Aristolas, 64.
Aristonymos, 22.
Arrheneides, 29.
Athenion?, 88.
(.?).. .bios, 36.
Chairephon, 41.
De-, 60.
Demetrios, 78.
Deniochares, 85.
Demokles, 22.
Deniostratos, 77.
Diogeiton, 31.
Diognetos, 29.
Diokles, 7.
Diokles, 41.
Diomedon, 44.
Dionysios, 53.
Dionysios fieri, A6Ki<rKov,
.78-
Dionysios /ueri Uapd/io-
vov, 84.
Dionysios ix€t&, -riv, 88.
Dionysios neri. Seiva, 88.
Diotinios, 9.
Diotimos, 78.
E-, 90.
Echekrates, 86.
Epikles, 74.
Epikrates, 70.
Erastos, 64.
Ergochares, 40.
Ergokles, 74.
Euhulos, 25.
Euerg-, 64.
Euklemoii, i.
Euniachos, 79.
Euuikos, 61.
Enphiletos, 41.
Eupolenios, 57.
Eutliios, 9.
Euxeiiippos, I.
Glaukippos, 34.
Gorgias, 22.
Hagnias, 36.
Hagnctheos, 68.
I Hegemachos, 1 .
j Heliodoros, 39.
Herakleides, 84.
Herakleitos, 41.
Herakleitos, 86.
Herniogenes, 58.
Hieron, 23.
Hippakos, 59.
Hipparchos, 80.
Isaios, 9.
Jason, 43.
Jason, 78.
Jason fierd, IIoXi/KXetTOj',
84.
Ka[l-], 90.
Kallaischros, 49.
Kalli-, 43.
Kallimedes, 31.
Kallistratos, 50.
I Kallistratos, 67.
I Kimon, 6.
I Klearchos, i.
' Kleomachos, 22.
KX...OU, 89.
' Koroibos, j.
(.)... laios, 22.
I Lenaios, 80.
; Leochares, 40.
; I^eostratos, i.
Lykiskos, 78.
Lysiades, 36.
Lysiades, 62.
Ly.sias, 6.
Lysitheides, 37,
I — lytades, 89.
; Medeios, 8(S,
I Menekles, 21.
I Menekrates, 44.
Menoites, 80.
Melon, 79.
I Metrophanes, 74.
I Mne.sidenios, i.
Mnesitheos, 67.
! — nion, 33.
j Naiisias, 83.
I Niketes, 40.
I Nikias, i.
I Nikias and Isigenes, 78.
! Nikias 'Orpwetjs, 21,
[ Nikodenios, 78.
I Nikokles, i.
I Nikomachos, 65.
: Nikomenes, 62.
1 Nikophon, 53.
I Nikostratos, i .
I Olbios, 30.
1 Olynipiodoros, i.
j — on, 89.
I — OS, 89.
j Paranionos. 84.
j Patiades, 50.
! Peithidenios, 28.
j Pelops, 64.
! Phaidrias, 67.
'• Plianarchides, 53.
' — phantes, 89.
I Pheidostratos, 37.
i Pherekles, i.
j Philinos, 37.
Philippides, 37.
Philippos, I.
i Philokrates, 27.
I Philon, 69.
I Philoneos, 27.
Phokion, 89.
Pleistainos, 89.
Polyenktos, 23.
Polykleitos, 84.
Poseidonios, 64.
Prokles, 86.
Proxenides, 37.
Pytharatos, 27.
Pythokritos, 37.
s, 41.
Sarapion, 80.
Sonikos, 59.
■m
■f ■ *■ ' ■ ».
98
The Athenian Archons.
Sosigenes, 54.
Sosikrates, 84.
Sosistratos, 37.
Symmachos, 55.
T-, 89.
Telokles, 19.
Theaitetos, 73.
Theodorides, 78.
Theodosios, 86.
Theokles, 85.
Theophemos, 38.
Theophilos, 40.
Theoxenos, 55.
Thersilochos, 31.
Thrasyphon, 51.
Thymochares, 38.
Timarchos, 73.
Timesianax, 58.
Tychandros, 60.
Urios, tS.
Xenokles, 61.
Xenon, 73.
Xenophon, 17.
Zaleukos, 69.
Zopyros, 55.
DECREES SPECIALITY DISCUSSEI>.
C.I.A. IV 2, 371 c, p. 33.
C.I.A. IV 2, 373 c, p. 35.
C.I.A. II, 390, p. 38.
C.I.A. IV 2, 407 b, p. 38.
C.I.A. IV 2, 385 f, p. 50.
C.I.A. II,. 385, p. 52.
C.I.A. IV 2, 407 k, p. <».
INDEX OF TOPICS.
The index refers particularly to subjects on which this study
has attempted to throw new light.
Alexandres, revolts from Antigonos
Goiiatas, 33.
Anij'iiomachos, executor to Epicunis,
30-
Antipatros, King of Macedon, mur-
dered, 7 f.
Areus I of Sparta, killed, 28.
Aristomachos, tyrant of Argos, aids
Athens, 33.
Asklepios, dedications to, 31 f., 49.
Athens, recovers its independence,
12 ff., 48.
Bithys, courtier of Lysimachos, 21.
Chremonidean War, set on foot, 28 f.
Crassus, praetorship of, 85.
Deinarchos, career of, 2 ; returns from
exile, 15.
Delos, comes under Athenian control,
62 f.
Delphi, archons of dated, 73 f., 77 f.,
78 n. 3.
Demetrios Poliorketes, captures
Athens, 4 ; King of Macedon, 5 ;
gives Athens its autonomy, 12, 15.
Demochares, opposes Demetrios, 15 f.
Kleusinia celebrated, 42.
Epicurus, refers to revolt from Deme-
trios, gn. 2 ; writes to Mithras, iS f;
to Mus ?, 19 ; letter of, 22 ; dies, 27.
Euandros and Telekles, succeed La-
kydes in the Academy, 50 f.
Eubulos, the Academic philosopher,
is born, 35.
Eurj'kleides and Mikion, come to the
front at Athens, 40 ; are murdered
by Philip, 40 ; manage the finan-
ces, 44.
Hyrkanos II, high priest of the Jews,
commended In' the Athenians, 82 f .
Kariieades, the son of Philokomos or
Epikomos, resigns the headship of
the Academy and dies, 74 f.
Karneades, the son of Polemarchos,
head of the Academy, 74 f.
Kleanthes, head of the Stoic school,
30.
Kleitomachos, the Academic philoso-
pher, life of, 68 f .
Kleruchs at Delos, first victory of at
the Panathenaia, 66.
Krates of Tarsos, head of the Acade-
my, 74 f.
Lachares, makes himself tyrant of
Athens, 3 f . ; cruelty of , r i ; expul-
pulsion of a subject of general re-
joicing, 12.
Lakydes, the Academic philosopher,
dies, 50 f.
Lennios, under Athenian control, 20.
Lykon, the Peripatetic philosopher,
makes a contribution, 47.
Metrotloros, disciple of Epicurus,
dies, 22.
Miihras, controller of Lysimachos, 19,
Moschion, the Academic philosopher,
dies, 57 n. 2.
Mus, "iave of Epicurus, [9.
Museion, garrisoned by Antigonos
Gonatas, 13, 21 ; by Demetrios, 15 ;
slurmed by Olympiodoros, 9, 12, 16.
Parian Chronicle, r, 29.
Peiraieus, held by Demetrios' soldiers,
12 ff. ; evacuated, 17.
Peplos, for Athena made annually, 85.
Phaidros, goes on an embassy to
Ptolemy I, 15 ; is general, iS.
Pliilon, the Academic philcsopher,
life of, 65 ff.
^povpia, held by Demetrios' soldiers,
i3.
Polemon, the Academic philosopher,
dies, 27 f.
Ptolemais, created, 41.
Ptolemy Euergetes. has dealings with
.Athens, 49.
Pyrrhos, at Athens, 13.
Roman Chronology, tangencies with,
61, 78, 84, 87.
Sk3'ros, archon at, 88.
.Social War, neutrality of Athens
during, 43.
Soteria, instituted, 23 f.
Sotion, announces the Soteria at
Alexandria, 24, 25 n. i.
Strombichop, aids Athens, 16 ; is
commended for his services, 17, 21.
Telekles and Euandros, succeed La-
kydes in the Academy, 50 f.
Temenos, consecrated to the Demos
and Graces, 49.
Tenos, again admitted to io-orAeta
with Athens, 18 n. 4, 20.
Zeno, founder of the Stoic school,
dies, 29 f.
<*'
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