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D Additional comments:/ Commenta^res suppl6mentaires; This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmi au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy filmad h«r« hat bMn r«produc«d thanks to tha ganarosity of: Library Divition Provincial Archival of British Columbia L'aKamplaira film* fut raproduit grAca i la gAnAro«lt* da: Library Diviiion Provincial Archivat of British Columbia Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poasibia conaldaring tha condition and laglbillty of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacif ications. Laa imagaa auivantaa ont *t* raproduitaa avac la plus grand soin. compta tanu d'^ la condition at da la nattat* da I'aiamplaira film*, at mn conformity avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion. or tha bacit covar whan appropriata. All othar original cr>pias ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impraasion. Las axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura 99% papiar aat imprimAa sont filmAs an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darniira paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont filmAs an commandant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darniira paga qui comporta una taila amprainta. Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol — ^> (moaning "CON- TINUED "). or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whichavar applias. Un das symbolas suivants apparaltra sur la darniira imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la cas: la symbola — *> signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbols ▼ signifia "FIN ". (Maps, platas, charts, ate. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, laft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: Las cartas, planchas, tablaaux, ate , pauvant Atra filmAs A das taux da rAduction diffArants. Lorsqua la documant ast trap grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul clichA, il ast filmA A partir da I'angla sjpAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droita. at da haut an bas. an pranant la nombra d'imagas nAcassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 mm mimm "^t ^^ajj uk/AMP ^ q- I 0*1 ** FamUiar in their Mouths eu HOUSEHOLD TFOBDS."— Shakbspbawc. HOUSEHOLD WORDS. A WEEKLY JOURNAL. CONDUCTED BY CHARLES DICKENS. N°- 470.] SATURDAY, MARCH 26, 1859. < Prick 2ir chance of beiug eaten. Therefore tiiey force the bags of visitors an^i eat up their provisions when they can ; they eat the Ihougs of hide by which horses may happeu to be tied ; and, says Mr. Kane, "while I was one evening liuishing a sketch, sitting ou the ground alone in my tout, with my caudle stuok iu tlie earth at my side, one of these audacious brutes uiicotremoniously dashed iu through tlie entrance, seized the l>uriiing cautile in hid Jaws aud bolted otf with it, leaving me iu total darkness." This liap(>ened among tlte Ojibbewnys and Ottewas, of whom one chief was sketched as he ap|>earcd in mourn- iug for a wife who had boeu dead three months. The mourning worn consisted of a coat of black paint ou hif: face, and he ap>dogised for not sitting in full costume, as a part of tlie paint had worn off. The great journey across country was com- menced iu May of the year eighteen hundiW aud furty-dix, when Mr. Kane left Torouto iu conipauy with Sir George Simpson, who had ordered hiiu a passajre with the spring brigade of canoes. The nrigade was to be overtaken oit the Falls of St. Mary, but the artist, at nine A. M.,waa accidentally left ashore at the last place touched at by the steamer before reaching the Falls. He -would lose his chance of travelling with the canoes if he could not, iu a small skiff manned with, three boys, traverse in a stiif gale forty-tive miles of lake and forty five miles of the ascent of the river channel. The ktcer part of the passage would liave to b« made in dark night, against the current, and amom; ishuids and shallows, so as to reach the Fails by daylight the next morning. The feat was a«complished aud the brigade joined. A few days after having passed the Lake, of the Thousand Islauda, the travellers bought some dried sturgeon of a man and vromau belongiug to the Salteaux Indians, ' who are a branch of the Ojibbeways ; aud they learut afterwards that this man and woman were shiuuied by their tribe aa Weeor •ligoes, or persons who have eaten human dejili. Although no tribes of the North Americans are cannibal by choice, the urgeuey of hunger sometimes cotuiwla one man to feed upuu another ; and whoever has been reduce.l to thi.s extremity is not so much punished us i)itied for the misery he must have suifered, but is at the same time regarded with a snpm-stitious dread and horror as a We€ndi;^o. It is believed that having once tastetl man's flesh, u craving fur more is implauted in Weendigocs — that they acquire charmed lives, ami can be killed only by a silver bullet. Children are kept out of tlieir way, and they ai'e required to build their lodges at some distance from those of I the commuuily. It was said by the Salteaux I that a father aud daugluer once living among theoi had killed and eaten six of their own family from absolute want. They i then, Slid the story, camped near an old ! ludiau woman, who was alone iu her lodge, , all her rel:>tious having goue out hunting. I But the old woman seeing tliis father and ' daughter in a hut without the other mem- I bers of their household, whom she knew, sua- pected the truil:, .i:ul look thought for her own safety. It was the hungry winter time, with a severe frost. Theiefore, she poured water at the entrance to her lodge, which froze into a slippery sheet of ice, aud instead of going to bed, sat up with an axe in her hand. Near mi lui^lit she heard the crackling of steps outside in the snow, and looking through the ci'evices of her lodge saw the Weeiidigo girl in the moonlight, listening. Tile old woman then feigned sleep by a lou 1 snoring, and the wretched girl rushed gladly forwanl, but, slipping on the ice, fe swarm was so ^reat that encampment OH shore was impossible. They rained into all food that was not eaten under open sky iu the canoe. At Fort Qarry, in the Bed River settle- ment, Mr. Kane found that the lialf-braeds lutd sat out foi- their great buSalo hunts, which end iu the conversion of much buffalo msat aud fat iuto peuuuicaa. The artist rode out to join one of the bauds of hunte- msD. An incident of savage life diversified CbarlM Olrkcu.] A GROUP OF NOBLE SAVAGES. (M«eha^laH.l 387 tlie Hport. Twelve chiefs of tlie Sioux, betwet- n wlioiu aiid tlio lialt-bi*ee<1a there had been sfi'ife, <-:irne into tlie liunting-cninp to treat for j)eaco. Wliiie tiie pi|al in digging out the eyes of the dead foemen. All giving grand c'lase, when iu the midst of an immense herd of bulFalo, Mr. Kan« thus tells liow he was himself possessed witii the enthusiasm at once of an artist and a Iiunter. The throwing of the cap is in accordance with the Red lliver hunter's custom of marking his own game by throw- ing some article of his dress upon it:— "I again joined in the pursuit ; and, coming U]) with a large bull, I had the satisfaction of bringing him down at the first tire. Excited by ray great success, I threw down my cap, and, galloping on, soon put a bullet through another enormous aoinial. He did not, how- ever, fall, but st«ip|)ed and faced me, pawing the earth, bellowing, and glaring savagely at me. The bloo I was streaming ])rofusely from Ins mouth, and I thought he would soon drop. The position in which he stood was 80 fine that I could not resist the dosire of making a sketch. I accoi*dingly dismounted, and had ju.st commenced when he suddenly made a dash at me. I had haixlly time to spring on my horse and get away from him, leaving my gun and everything else behind. When he came up to where I had been Ptaudin^, he turned over the articles I had dropped, pawing fiercely as he toa^ed them about, and then retreated towards the herd. I immediately recovered ray gun, and having re-loaded, again pursued him, and soon planted another shot in him. This time he remained on his legs long enough for me toj make a sketch." Having thus made notes iu his own way upon . baffalo-hunting, Mr. Kane desired to pursue Ids travels. Hie guide, though sick with measles, agreed to acoompauy him back to tlie settlement, doing no work, of course, and riding in the cart. On the way, liowever, the guide's strength broke down when they were in the middle of Swampy Lake, four- teen miles across. Here the traveller found only one small dry Bpot above water, large enough to sit upon, but not affording room for his legs, which had to ;-emain in the water. In the small cart thei-e was no more room than liie sick man required. Mttans for cooking '"lerewere none, anil the dried meat had t( lo eaten mw. Traveller and •.'uide were 1) i fre.sli meat to the ino8(|uiloe8, who in the ni it of theswiitn)! were on their own ground, and took complete iWMsession of their visitorB. In thix manner tiic night waa ! spent, and at four o'clock next morning the artist in search of the picture^Kjue had to set oif through the swamp iu tscarch of the ' horses, catching them only after live hours* ]>ur.suit tlirough water that reached up to his iniildle. After leaving the swamp the guide felt 80 much better that he wished Mi-. Kane to push forward on horseback, while he foU l'>wed at leisure in the cart ; but until he had been seen safely across Stinking Kiver, which the horses had to swim, it was not thought safe to comi>ly witli his request. Then the artist, riling forward, took a wrong trac!;, and was ii|> to his horse'.s neck in a black swamp abo Hiding with roptiles. It was raining hard, and there was no sun, no com- pass, to guide tiie traveller. His only hope was to push ste.'ulily ou through the mud in one direction, ho])ing thus to strike the Assinibcjine Itiver. After ten or twelve miles of uncertain floundering, the Assini- boiue was found, and two hours afterwards Mr. Kane was again iu Fort Garry. The poor guide who, after he had been left, became rapidly worsi-, was found and brought into the fort by two men looking for stray horses. He died two days afterwards. This is uo tempting picture of experience of tourists in tiie wiMs of North America. The mere difficulties of the rook, the river, and the jirairie are moi-e than any man could conquer single handed ; and danger from the Indian is by no means an inconsiderable part of the risk to be encountered. The Indian principle of revenge demands for a life taken, or a sacrilege committed by one while man who escap,38 punishment, the life of the next white man who can be met with. Among the frienilliest tril)es, therefore, it may happen tiiat a tomahawk is clutched by some wild painted genileman, who looks to the most innocent white visitor for deadly satisfaction. Whoever sleeps on board canoe iu the Red lliver is disturbed in tlie night by unearthly groans. The groans are not of the earth, but of the water ; being a strange noise made of nights by tlie Bod River suntisii. A strong headwind detained the traveller upon the river ; but, while he occupied his time with portrait-painting iu a Salteauik camp upon the river bank, a medicine-man offered to give three days of fair wind for a pound of tobacco. The charge was considered too great for so small a supply of wind, and the bargain was closed amicably at the price of a small plug for six days, the mediciue-mau offering a dinner of roast dog to seal tha bargain. We follow tbe artist in his wandwing np lb37K2 388 [Uweli3G.lU0.] HOUSEHOLD WORDS. [CoDilueld hr the SaskatcliowAn — he is in conj]iauy with' the brigade of boats — and are at Uurltori station. Mr. Rundell, a worthy mittsiouary | from Edmonton, three or four hundred miles , farther up stream, was waiting to r^tura | witii the boats. The missionary, probably unmarried, lived in the wilderness, with a pet cat for liis companion ; and since if he left her at home tliere was much danger of her being eaten in his absence, he had brought puss witli him, and he had to take her buck. Now Mr. llundell agreed witli the artist and another gentleman to ride to Edmonton on horseback, as being a sliorter and a plensanter way than journeying ))y boat. The horses were fresh, the Indians collected round them were loud in their leave-takings, and Mr. llundell, being an esfiecial favourite, was more especially sur- rounded. His horse plunged, and his cat, whom he had proposed to himself to carry in his riding-cloak, tied by four feet of string to the pummel of his saddle, was bewildered by the shaking, and sprang out, utterly astonishing the Indiana by the miraculous suddenness of her appearance. The string did not allow her to touch ground, puss hung therefore against the fnre legs of the horse, which she attacked witn all her claws. The horse plunged violently, and at last threw the missionary over his head, while the cat's life was saved by the breaking of her tether. The Indians screeched and yelled with delight, for they soon understood the nature of the accident ; and pussey, having emphatically declared her incompetence to ride on horseback, was left behind as a boat passenger. Edmonton was not readied until a few serious ditBculties bad been overcome. Mr. Bundell, left behind upon the road, was caught in a great hurricane, and almost involved in a devouring prairie fire. It was only by great exertion that he could succeed in putting the river between it and him. The Indians, when a prairie fire approaches, oppose fire to fire. They burn the grass immediately behind themselves, and run before its smoke. When the great tide of flame reaches the spot already in ashes, it is checked for want of fuel. The Indian has fire and water to contend with, and contends. An Iroquois, belonging to the company with which the artist travelled, during intense frost fell into deep water. Five minutes after he had been extricated from the river his clothes were stiff with ice. He was asked whether he was not cold, and replied, My clothes are cold, but I am not. Of the hurricane that blew across the Bocky Mountains, which the voyagers reached ▼ery late in the season, it is enough to say that the huge forest waved under it as if it were a field of corn. The soil over the rock is thin, and the roots of the trees lie on the surface with their fibres closely interlaced. The great trees hold together by the roots, 3'ieldiug together to the wind, and recking to sleep the traveller who lies under their shelter with the rise and fall of their great living net-work. A boat, which nine men could not carry very easily, wan blown out of the water to a disty the iieail tiuit grew ilio hair. Thtty helieie hIho that thuy aru in tl.u power of any enemy who finds their apiltlo, aiid if thtty spit uit the groitiij, must carefully obliterate t he marks, but com inoiily spit ou their own clotlies fur Rnfcty'M sake. Hero is enough told i)erh.np3 to give a fair impreasion of the sttite ot nntivo civilisation upon ground thut is to yield to the white man's wealth ami power. We part, therefore, from our clever guide, though we have not yet gone through a tithe of all theo(hl things that he has to show to those whom his book makes willing companions of bia journey. SPANISH PROVERBS. The Spanish proverbs, the floating litera- ture of Spjiin, handed down by verbal tradi- tion, smell of garlic, and orange-peel, and j are as profoimdly national as the English < nautical song or tUe WeUh triad. They are shot at you, or stabbed into you, or pelted at you, at every tavern door and at every table d'hdte. They are the grace for the sour gasp^icho and the un- aavoury salt cod-fish (bacalao). Tliey are the Spaniard's shield and stiletto. They are the wisdom of the age before books, and as Spain changes no more than China, they are [ the wisdom of the present day. They are to [ tlie cigarette smoker and melon eater what , quotations are to the club man, and to the de- bater in parlinmeut whom country gentlemen always cheer when he quotes Horace— think- ing it Greek, to show they understand him. To many who do not think at all they supply the place of books altogether, and are the traditional Corpus Juris of traditional wisdom bequeathed them by their ancestors ; who did think. It might be a question, indeed, worth t^e theorist-ipinner's while to trace the effect of these floating proverbs on a race to which they serve as creeds, statutes, and guides of life; of which they express the mode of thought ; and, at the same time, influence and direct it — moulding and being moulded. In these proverbs we find every phase of the Spanish mind exemplified — its "pundonor," its punctiliousness, its intolerable ii:«d rucn^ pride, its burning fever for revenge, its hard- ness that we call cruelty, its love of ease and pleasure, its unprogressiveness, and its ardent religions instinct wiiich degenerates to 3U])er- ■tition. For all those pleaoar.t national vices that brought their own special scourges, tliese proverbs ha\'e warning or encoursgement. Their kindlier feelings, too, do not pass uninstanced. Proverbw with wise men are the small change of wit; but with tiiej Spaniard they are too often his whole mental capital. By an apt quotation a good memory ; can always uppear a genius in Spain, and proverb writers being all anonymotn when! livinf; and forgotten when dead, there is no indiuiment in the Hi^h Court of Plagiarism agaiuHt, ^he appropriator who lets off his nientiil flre\Tork witliout saying that he pur- chaHed it, but yet was not the maker. When a man in England is witty, we suppOMe the wit is his own ; but whoa a Spaniard is witty iu rolling dlligt nco or in striving steam-boat, you may be almost sure it is tlie proverb of some contemporary of Cervantes, dead this two hundred years, that tickles your di;i- phragui, and which you swallow with a smile like a French sweetmeat. It acta as a sort of mental snutf, pleasantly irritates, and leaves you refreshed. A man must be very meutally dyspeptic, indeed, who cannot digoit a proverb without inconvenience or struggle, if a Spaniard sees you smiling at a Spanish street group rather overdoing the bowm^, as Spaniards sometimes will, he will say in a rhyme, " A civil tongue is not expensive, ami it is very prutitable.' As the olcl Italians of Macchiavelli's time used to say : "It is a good outlay to spoil a hat with often taking it olF." You feel ut onoe that you have heai'd a shrewd proverb intended to explain to worldly people the courtesy of a proud race. In Ireland, as in Spain, you arc often astonished by wit that appears extemporar neous, but is really old as Brian Boru — merely, in fact, an old quotation newly applied, and picked up as a man might pick a fossil off the road to fling at his pig. The first time I met a proverb-monger was in a Seville steamboat, as I sat watching the pas- sengei-s doing homage to the bullneckeat in a state arm-chair under the atriped quarter-deck awnings. The Commandante was silent, in ft sort of brutal pasha luxury, beating on the deck with h • heavy bamboo cane, watching with his stiff-necked bulletty-bead two charm- ing sisters, who sat coquetting and winning hearts not many feet off. Every wave of their shining black fans fanned some lover's flame — every quick furl of them let in the sunshine of their eyes, like pulling up blinds, on some happy one of their retinue. Those little black hooks of side curls had hooked many a heart, I was sure ; and I myself began to feel I had such a thing about me. I heard a quiet, chuckling, good-natured Uugh behind me, and saw sitting on the low gunwale of the vessel, a real Majo — a pure Andalusian buck of the first water : laced jacket, round turbun cap, leather greaves, jave- lin-stick, cigarette and all. He was resting his arm ou a pink hat-box, and watching the two beautiful sisters with the almond eyes. " Jeweller's daughters, for tliey have dia- mond eyes," he said, in a quick, merry voice, at the same time handing me his open cigar-case, the Spaniard's mode of entering into conversation and introducing him-self. Ho saw I was amused by his proverb, and that I was a foreigner. What a curious feel- ing it is, being a foreigner ! Spanker used to