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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selcn le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 6 TRIASSIC(?) ROCKS OF DIGBY BASIN. By prof. L W. bailey, LlD., F. R.S.C, FREDERICTON, N. B. From the Transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Vol. IX, Session x8g^-g8. I A RA FDR REFERENCE '^'^^•'^^ Adult Bai NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE ROOM c . 1 i'i I) ' i/^^ ii Vp^^TiiiASHic (?) Rocks of ]}uii\Y Basin. — By Prof. L. VV. Bailey, Ll. D., F. R. S. C, Fredericton, N. B. (Read May loth, ISi)s.j In the course of a geological survey of the south-western counties of Nova Scotia, of which the results form the substance of a report soon to be issued by the Geological Department at Ottawa, several interesting questions in connection with the rocks of the Annapolis Valley were brought to notice, but as to which the data obtainable at the time were not sufficiently complete to warrant definite conclusions. It was hoped that opportunities for further study would be available, but as this, so far as concerns the writer, does not now seem probable, he has thought it well, in the following notes, to make brief reference to the nature of these (juestions, that others interested in the geology of this part of the Province, and more favorably situated than he, may be able to give them further attention. It has been usual to regard all the rocks of the Annapolis Val'ey, other than those which form its southern wall, as being of Triassic age, and, further, as embracing a sedimentary and a volcanic series of which tlie latter was altogether the more recent and overlaid the former. A close examination of some sections in the vicinity of Digby tend to modify the second at least of these conclusions. The first section to which reference is made is to be found in the parish of Granville, on the eastern side of Digby Gut. B\-ora the point where the latter suddenly expands to form Annapolis Basin, the shore, for nearly half a mile to the northward, shows a series of low bluffs of a bright red colour, in connection with which at some places may be seen ledges of very soft red shales. In going northward along the Gut shore and approaching the high trappean hill whose face has been laid bare by an extensive land slide, similar red beds continue to show, but b^pom^ some- • (350) ^T i Trans. N. S. Inst. Sci , Vol. IX. Plate X. ii"i •^'^' '* II iiiVfififv Fial fig. 3. lUusti'atiii.si: Prof. Bailey's paper on " Trimsic Iinr/,-s of Diijhij Basin." Fi^. 1, Red saiulstonc blutt", Dis'jy, N, S., holdinir frai!;- meiits of Triassic trap. Fiij;. 2, Blntt' of red sandstone, overlaid by coniflonieratc, lioldina; blocks and colnnms of trap, Kast side of Digby (int. Fig. ;J, Fissure in Triassic trap, llUcd Avith trap debris, Red Head, Grand Manan. ' s. \. — TRIASSIC (?) IIOCKS OF DIfJHY HASINj-^IU^Y. .... .3;5.7. . . what pebbly. They are nearly horizontal, but witt^'''fcU £ fy^ 'yu eiitr"^- occurrence of what appears to be false bedtlinj,'. ^^fll'^iwihflr.' noj'th th(;y become, within a few yards, (piite coarse, while the colour changes from red to chocolate l)rown, more or less mottled with li^dit ^n-ey. The paste is soft and clayey, but imbedded in the latter, in aru|)tly alonc^a vortical line, which would appear to be a line of fault, the only rocks seen beyond it, Imt in loose blocks, beini,' composed of trap. From a review of the above ccniditions it would .seem to be at least possible that the red and purple beds, which are undoubtedly a part of the ^roup usually referred to the Trias, are more recent than the neifjhborin^ traps, ur.less indeed there were several periods of eruption, between or durinr; which the stratified rocks were deposited, and then received their burden of trappean frat^ments. We have now to notice another section in which facts of a similar character are still more clearly exhibited. This second section is found in the town of Dif^by, just below the point where the track of the Dominion Atlantic Railway, in taking the direction of Bear River, runs alonf]^ the top of a.series of low bluffs overlookinf^ the Annapolis Basin. One of them, about twenty feet hiffh, is nearly vertical and almost wholly composed of rock, exhibiting the arran^jfement reproduced in the accompanyi nor diagram. (^V« Plate X, Fi^. 1.) At the summit are about two feet of soil, consisting of a reddish sandy loam. This rests upon a bed which in texture resembles a coarse gravel, but with the pebbles contained in a ujatrix which, while sandy, is compact, and blef'ched to a light grey colour by the action of humus acids from above. The pebbles in this bed include traps similar to those of the North Mountains, both crystalline and amygdaloidal, besides granite and slate ; and, as in the case of some of the beds on the Granville shore, they suggest a Quaternary origin. But directly beneath is a bed of reddish grey sandstone, .several feet in thick ne.ss, which as clearly belongs to a much earlier formation, and in one par- ticular only differs from the ordinary red sandstones of the Annapolis valley. It also contains, but not U7iiformly, hlocls of I^ortk Mountain trap. Further, below this red sandstone bed, but at the northern end of the section, and merging into it, TRTARSTO(?) R()( KS OF DIOHV lUSIN. — MAll-EY. .So!) is a!iothor cnj»rse pebblo-lKMl, in which tho tra])))('iin hloeks are very ahuiKhmt aiul of lar^'e size. Finally, tho haso ot the Hec<:,ion, at its soutiiern end (the whole section hein^ahout .SO feet in Jenffth) shows anotlier bed of red sandstone, about two feet tliick, and (|nite free from pehlilos, while at the other extrerriity repeated alternations of beds with and without tlie trap|)ean blocks may be seen. The lower part of the section is jicre obscured by a talus. It seems very certain, from what is here exhil)ite(l, 'hat while the trappean overflows along the Bay of P\indy troufjh were in part and perhaps lar^rely subseipient to the accumulation of the Triassic red sandstones, as so cleai'ly seen at Hlomidon, they must also in part have antedated or else been contempoi-aneous with the deposition of red sandy sediments usually reganled as of the same aixe witli the former. As havinf^, perha])s, some bearing upon this interesting (pies- tion, reference may here be made to a curious section to be seen near the south-western end of the island of Grand Manan, of which as is well known, so large a part consists of Triassic traps. The more exact location of the section is m the settlement of Red Head, at the south-west extremity of the relatively low tract of old (Huronian ?) rocks underlying the inhabited portions of the ie and, and to the south of the ti-appean ridge extending thence to the Southern Head. The older rocks referred to are hard, rubbly, dark grey slates, which are often greenish or chloritic, and much stained, sometimes ribbanded with oxide of iron. They are greatly contorted, but have a general noi'th-west dip at a high angle. Resting on these slates, but without any dis- tinct bedding, is a (juantity of breccia or conglomerate, filled with blocks, both rounded and angular, of trap and slate. Then fol- lows a mass of more solid trap, which is partly columnar, and into this the conglomerate or breccia seems to graduate. About fifty feet to the north of the above exposures, a second and much more conspicuous bed (?) of breccia is seen, (Plate X, Fig. ,S), jianl'ed on either side hy solid columnar trap, the conglomerate being about 10 feet wide and rising almost 360 T11IASSIC(?) ROCKS OF DIORY lUSIN.— RAILKY. perpendicularly, making a very marked appearance in the face of the cliff", and having much of the aspect of a dyke. It is, however, wholly made up of detach-d blocks,— some of them two or three feet long,— of the same nature, and some of them exhibiting the prismatic shape of the trap columns near by. In some instances, however, they are rounded. No trace of the ordinary red sandstones or of any beds reseml)ling those about Digby is to be seen. It seems hardly possible that the material of this agglomerate should have received its present position except through intro- duction from above into a previously opened fissure : but whether introduced contempoi-aneously with the lava Hows and ash accumulations represented in the neighboring dolerites and amygdaloids, i. e., in the Trias-Jura epoch, or later and possibly in the Quaternary, is a ([uestion which the writer is at present unable to answer. Reviewing the entire subject, it is evident that there are still some unsolved problems in connection with the supposed Mesozoic rocks of the Bay of Fundy trough (including in the latter the Annapolis Basin): and if the observations here given prove the means of originating any further enquiries in this direction, the purpose of this {)aper will have been serveci. I