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"J' 0' E FOR A CHANGE" '-M «• Ring out the old. Ring in the ne^r; Ring out the false. Ring in the true.' mm ELECTIONS, 1902 Ma^hinelRule Under the Thirty 1 Year Old Government P 1 ' / opI TheRecord iANDs Platform.. OF TUB Ef^VATIVE SITIOJM Development, ProgresSv Reform blar Freedom 1 1 'kM^^i'. TIME F OR A C HANGE A Prominent Liberal Leader Cpndemns Thirty Year Old Governments ' ( Attorney-General Longley, tbe Liberal leader in Nova Scotia, makes a streag •reument m favor of a change in Government, and against the continuance m omce of one set of rulers for a long period. He says :— "Under a system of popular Government it goes without the saying thfttfi** qoent changes of Ad ■ ' '" Ion are necessary to a healthy development ot public ..tsment are obvious, as has been said, in the public • ; body of men to be in power for a continuous ^ : ideas of public duty. That is the innate tea4- " Frequent chn interest. It Is imp .period without gett ency of mankiod. The Divine Right to Rule " Besides, long terms of office induce the members of Oovemment to get the notion that they not only have a divine right to rule, but that instead of being Mrvantt and trustees they are actually the masters,- and all favors are to com* Irwn them. T^*" •• »ubversive of the whole theory of popular government, and It IS m the interest of the people to have it dearly understood that Governments an not heaven-appointed rulers, but mere instruments of power subject to the will asA control of the electorate. AfliBlre"ln a Rut** ** Agara, long terms of office tend to get public matters running in a rut A department gets mouldy in time under one m.inagement, unless, indeed, the admin- istrator is a man of more than ordinary wisdom and capacity, which is not to* oflen the case. Frequent changes are necessary in order that new ideas and fresh energy be infused. Danger of Bureaucracy "Once more; the civil service is enormously benefited bycbangrti in the administration. The tendency of all admii^istrations is in the direction of bureaa- cracy. Red tape grows in proportion to the length of the period of uninterrupted rule. The members composing the civil service are chosen by the political party in power, either solely for poliiicil services or with that element in the appoint- ment. In course of time the civil service thus becomes a hive of partisans, gradu- ally gaining the impressions that the world was made for the saints, and that they are the saints. Both Sides Should Have a Chance " But there is yet another cogen; reason for frequent changes of Government. Both political parties contain their quota of able and ambitious men, who exercis* a wide and powerful influence upon their political followers. These men have ideas of government which could with advantage be put to the test of experience. It is unfortunate for the country to be deprived of the advantages of tbe services ^hM its capable men. Affairs are kept active by the changes which are conttaatfr occurring, and both parties have a common interest in the good govenunent «f the Qoontry." ♦I 'Ail ^1 I '-r THE VSMm FOR GHflHQB A Oovernment that Has Tampered with the Ballot-Box and with the Con- •tltutlon Must Go The tenth General Election of members to the Legielatnra of Ontario is clow at hand, and the electors must decide into who«e hands the affairs of this great Province shall be committed daring the next four years. It is now ^entrallir known and believed that if the election machinery had been fairly administered at the last contest in 1898, and if the ballots had been honestly counted, there would have been a change of Government. There is to-day no sort of doubt in the muMS •f any intelliiient man that the popular will in 1898 decided that " it was time for a change." The Government that pulled through in 1898 by methods which no konest Liberal cares to defend, is far weaker in 190a than.it was then. Independ- ent men of both parties are convinced even more strongly than ever that it i» time for a change." The result resu with the electors. The Opposition Position The Opposition, led by Mr. J. P. Whitney, a clean, honorable and straight- forward public man, appeal with confidence to the best judgment of Ontario. Long and unjust exclusion from power has never caused the Opposition to lose confidence in their own Province, to decry its prosperity, or to neglect its interests. They have vigilantly guarded popular ngh' , They have from time to time offered me., jres and suggestions for bettenM the administration of affairs, and for remedying the crying evils that a set of poli- ticians long in office have failed to correct ... . . There is not a branch of Provincial Administration in which they have not^a distinct and busineSs-like poiicy. . r» 1 Their ideas and proposals on such great subjects as the Progress and Develop- ment of Agriculture, the adoption of Manhood Franchise, the building up of our Lumber Industries, and other matters, have been appropriated (usually in the wrong way) by the shallow, time-serving politicians now clinging to office, and palmedon as their own. . The Opposition have never ceased to raise a warning voice against the unnecessary increase of direct taxation, the inaccurate and misleading presenution •four finances in the official records, the wasteful mismanagement of our resourceSf and, particularly, during the past four years, the dangerous violation of both spint and letter of the constitution. , u n • • u ir There is not a pariiamentry Opposition in any portion of the Bntisb bmpire, which has shown a better spirit under undeserved and dishonest defeat, not one which has had to fight methods so glaringly unfair or so deliberately subversive of every right principle of Government. . . . , . . .— . j r They appeal to the electors of Ontario for British fair play. They stand for honesty, economy, and enterprise in public affairs, and they are satisfied that the public conscience is fully aroused and will respona to their appeal. The Govern msnt Reooi^d What is the record of the Government now asking for another term ? They have been 30 years in office. Their lease of power has been so toog THIS FOR A CHANOB ^^ - ♦ •ad tb«ir methodiofenlarginR it lo demonliting that they have grown to think that Ontario exisu for themitlvM and their families, and that tb« UKpaytrs bav* no other busineu than to provide a comforuble living for the New Family Compact They have used the Liberal party of Ontario u a mean* of holding office, until the preetige of that party has been teriousljr rajured and the good name of the Province, the premier province of this Dominion, is bek) in contempt in other parts of Canada as the home of conupt electoral methods and a scandalous mani- pulation of the machinery of the law unheard of in any other British country. They have centered in themselves many of the powers rightfully belonging to (he municipalities of the province, and have employed the public patronage to create an army of office-holders, too many of whom are active partisans instead of beingimpartial servants of the general public, whose money provides the salaries. They have divided the constituencies by more than one Kcrrymander u as to make a Mir fight difficult, and in trying to effiect this result tney have not hesitated to cut r 'wnsbtpe in two so that the will of the majority may be stifled. 1 not by such means could a term of thirty years of office have been secured, so a de> •erate system of bedeviling the election machinery has been resorted to, .Mid the dectort have been deprived of the chief privilege of British citisenship— a free and honest eleetion fairly aitd impartially conducted without respect to the foitunes of one party or the other. Tamp«rlns with tli« Constitution A late devtlopment in this long career of 'political back-sliding is the policy of tampering with the existing constitution in a manner so extraordinary that even life long Liberals have rubbed their eyes in amazement and refused to approve of what has been done in their name by a knot of paltry leaders who seem to forget that they owe something to the loyalty and support of the rank and file of the party. Two examples of this violation of the constitution for the sole benefit of the politicians in office have occurred in the st year or so. Ontario has power under the British North America Act to cuanite its constitution, subject to a certain limitation. There is, consequently, a regular and proper way of changing t*^ constitution. To pass Acts, however, which evade, subvert and nullify the existing constitution, without changing it, is simply the work of political tricksters and Quite unworthy of any responsible public men. Durin|[ the session of igoi the Ross Government introduced and passed an Act rroviding that the igo2 session of the Legislature, which according to the constitution expired on March 29, 1902, should not so epcpire, but that the House if in session should continue in existence until it was adjourned and for ten days thereafter. This bold attempt to set aside the constitution and extend the natural term of the Legislature called forth strong expressions of condemnation from all <]uarters. If the term of the Legislature for one session could thus be piolotlged in defiance of the plain letter and spirit of the constitution, why coula it not be prolonged indefinitely, say for another four years, thus depriving the electorb of their constitutional rtgbt to vote in a general election upon t'le policy and conduct of Ministers ? "^fais measure is a fitting illustration of the kina of politicians that now rule Ontana In order to avert a political danger visible only to their guilty consciences, they would stop at nothing. They failed to see anything improper in the maasun and all the so-callni Liberal members in the House voted for it What did they care that the constitution distinctly provided for a Legislature last- ing from a certain date in 1898 to a certain date in 1903 ? They were afraid tta. their own bad legislation n«ight cause the opposition to obstruct proceedings so that the House would not be able to get through its busirnss in 1903 hy the d.ae set for dissolution, and, thereCpre, they altered the law to m-^t a possiUe political embarrassment But the oppositim are itot obstroctionists. The House w^ •Hewed to eonctode its labors previous to March 39th, so that this discreditable '"^^mwf Ton WOR A GBAHCn Imt wm iravtr utfd, aad stand* m • momniMiit to th* ebsncttr aad peliqr of tlw MMBt Govtrmnmt. It it mild laagnaii* to uy that tb* Act is a disftac* to tho Vtatuto book, is opposod to alt tho avowtd priact^as aad profassiohs of tba Lib- aital Party, and is io iisalf suflteiant causa to dafMU tha GovanmaBt Aaotber of tba offinees ia constitutioa-MinpsnBg commitiad by tbesa omb, it hi amployinfi tba rafsrandam to dodga Govarnmaat responsibility on tba tcoipiir- anca question. A mors strikiBg exampla of political cowardica most ba soogM in Tain. Ontario havinii power to alter iu instiiuiioo, conM adopt tba raferandum at a new feature in our system for obtaining tba verdict of the electorate on maasoras passed b^ the Letrislatura. True, it would be a radical departure firom the Britisb model of respontible government we have, but Ontario could if it widiad, discard the present system, and try another. Did the Ministers propose such atbmg? No, they selected one question on which they proposed to shirk distinct plediie^ and paMod it on to the people to decide by means of a referendum. They mvMtad tba referendum— just as they employed the Act prolonging the life of the Hotita, tu suit a particular contingency, and tide over a difficulty peculiar to the present Government, and in no respect justifying the evasion of tiM pLuo constitmiooal manner of proceeding. Both tlMse enactments arc clearly antagonistic to the spirit and letter of tba Constitution of Ontaria It is hard to conceive of any Conservative or in^ad any Libersl statesmen of the first rank resorting to such unworthy lines of policy. Tha only useful purpose they have served is to roue the thinking independent pMpla •enada the Ministers had "no great confidence in the country's reronrces. . then was not a public nan in either Government who ponessed the kno'.vIca||e ntalivo to the resources of the country that he had gathered." T^t Algoma Km ttr Mys it hsa struggled for a qoarier of a century to persuade *>>• Govern- ■wat to lealiM the great natural wealth of New Ontario, :i>. :t has beet :-.;) m «aitt. Cokmiation has been practically without attention. The mining laws, according r- Mr. William McAdans idining Et-gineer, are "rotten," and are devised to prevent development. The timber system, until Mr. Whitney forced the Oovemment to cornet it, wM arranged apecially to enable the mills of Michigan to nm, while those of Ontario were dosed. The great pulp wood resources are now given away gratuitously to syndicates, no less tiMa 15^600 square miles having been ceded for nothing. Millions m acres nave been granted to railway compan-cs to own and sell Graat work, looking to the progress of New Ontario, needs to be done. Railway Cranta "Grants to rulways should only be made for development or cotoniaation purposes, and in such cases only alter careful examination into the ' erits of each apidication. In every case security should be tal:en for the amount advanced, and freight and pasMnger rates should be controlled by the Local L^islatare. If Moneys granted by the k^iskture by way of bonus to k>cal railways are to be paid hack to such provincn by the Dominion Govemn^t, Onurio must insist upon jastice being done her in the ume way." Many millions of dollars and millions of acres of land have been given away ta railways. In other provincM all railway grants are secured from Ottawa. We give our own money and our own land for railways ; and then tha two * Liberal' •ovemments— tliat at Ottawa and that at Toronto— compel as to pay ag»o for nilways in the Maritime Provinces and in Quebec Mr. Whitney will protect the iateresu of the Ontario taxpayer. While akting development, he will s*gain toehold power by virtue of the ballot box and the destruction of the evidence of guilt, or to stand between the actual perpetrators of these crimes aad their justfpunishment, yet legislation must be had to render collusion between sach criminals and the beneficiaries of the crimes impossible in the future." This is a most important proposition. The sacred rixht of the franchise has been invaded by the government machine. Ballot boxes have been stuflfed ; elec- tions have been stolen ; and the right of the people to express their opinions and I* rule has been denied. Nobody has been punished. The repetition of the cr mes is thus encouraged. Mr. Whitney intends to put an end to the machine and its frauds and to give the elector. Conservative, Liberal or Independent, the right to exercise his franchise freely and the protection of the state in so doing. e>v^^Y^ ^gmii 1 A RECORD OF FAILURE Mr. Q. W. Ro$s and. His Long Series of Broken Promises On November 14, 1899,' at Whitby, Mr. G. W. Ross delivered his programm* speech as PreiniMM>f Ontario He had supplanted Hon. A. S. Hardy, and he represented in h^^hitby speech that his government, which was composed of all but two of the old members, was a " new " one. The " policy " proposed by Mr. Ross in his speech was intended to be "catchy." It is worth while to examine it and to see what he has done. Promise to Punish Election Thievos Mr. Ross began with a promise that be would punish the election thieves' Ne said : " We propose that they shall be punished after fair trial as the law elects, and that punishment shall fall on Liberals and Conservatives alike." This promise was fulfilled thus : B. J. GlLLlGAN, Crown Lands Agent at Mattawa, swore at the trial of the •lection petition against Mr. John Loughrin, member for Nipissmg, that he had bought whiskey that was corruptly used on election day, and that he had hired teams to bring electoirs to the polls contrary to the law. He added : " I owe about $75 in Papinean township, all spent for illegal purposes. I owe $25 in Cameron township spent for corrupt practices." Giliigan was not tried or punished, but was restored to his office as Crown Lands Agent. W. T. R. Preston, formerly librarian of the Legislature at $1,800, conducted the West Elgin and other campaigns for Mr. Ross ; appointed by the Ottawa Government Immigration Agent in London, salary $3,000 atid expenses ; more recently appointed Commissioner of Immigration to Great Britain at $S,ooa L. Brown, Sheriff of Elgin, conducted West Elgin election as returning •fficer ; n* prosecution ; he retains his office. IhJNCAN Bole, charged with switching ballots in West Elgin, prosecuted by defrauded electors. The Government refused to assist. He got on. Albert Bossard bought votes in North Waterloo ; reported by judges who •aid " that Bossard was a party to audacious and reckless bribery, is proved beyond question and is not denied ; " not prosecuted ; rewarded with a liquor icense at Penetanguishene. Tom Lewis reported for bribery in North Waterloo ; not prosecuted. Jambs G. Pritchett, confessed to have stuffed ballot-box^ in West Elgin •ad to having done illegal work for Mr. John Dryden in South Ontario, also to Wving'iieen engaged to teach Qovemment agents how to " stuff" ballot-boxev ■ad to switch and spoil ballots ; paid $:oo per month to live in the United States, and not prosecuted. He cbaUenges prosecution and Government declines to proceed. Thomas Coleman, introduced bo^ns deputv returning officer for appoint- t IB WMt Elgin ; appoiated licoue iaapcctor n>r West Elgin. i 12 MR ROSS' FAILURBB Promise of Dovolopment Mr. Rom promiwd to dovelop the province, more 'particularly the never dis- tricU. This promise has been fulfilled by the Riving airay of 15,600 square miles of territory to seven pulp wood companies for nothiuK, and by the proposal to build, not at the exprnse of the Dominion, but of that of Ontario, the TemiscaminKue railway at a cost to the taxpayers of this province of $3,334,000. Two and a half million acres of land have been given to one railway and Si,ooo^ooo has been granted in subsidies to other roads. Agrloultural Poiioy Mr. Boss said he had an agricultural policy. He declared: "We must endeavor to develop the resources of old Ontario by means of the Agricultural Department of the province. If Mr. Dryden is not prepared to give his whole energies, if he is not prepared to throw all his force iij^ the agricultural devdopment of the province of Ontario, let me tell you — .ind it is no secret — I wiH have to get a new Minister of Agriculture." Nothing new has been done. The Government has bitterly opposed Mr. Whitney's proposition to establish agricultural schools, and Mr. Dryden, wh* was to give "his whole ener^es to the development of agriculture in Ontario," has opened a cattle ranche in Dakota. Mr. Pettypiece, the Liberal M. P. P. for East Lambton, says : " Mr. Dryden has thus given agriculture in Ontario a blow that the people can hardly be expected to tolerate" " It is beyond the power of tongue or pen to fully offset the bad effect of Mr. Dryden's actions and the people of Onurio, irrespective of party, will be doing only what their duty to their country requires, if they ask him to resign his portfolio and step down and out. His usefulness as a Minister of Agriculture, in the highest sense of the word, is gone." Drainage of Swamp Lands Mr. Ross said he would drain all the swamp lands in the province. " We have three million acres of swamp lands. We hope to project a system whereby these three million acres may be properiy drained." Nothing practical has been done on this subject. Coid Storage Mr. Ross said he would have cold storage stations all over the province, so that the fanner might store his fruit and poultry until the market price was high. A law was passed enabling municipalities to do this. In the Legislature it was announced that one municipality had uken advantage of the law ; but that it had a cold storage plant already. Transportation Mr. Ross announced that he would compel the Dominion Government to provide quick and cheap transportation for our produce to Eng^d. He said : "When the T.«gislature of Ontario asks they must move, because more than one-half the influence of this country lies in Ontaria" Nothing has been done. When Mr. Crawford introduced his resolution callini( upon the Dominion Government to sectire cheaper rates for our farmers, Mr. Ross rose in the Legiriature and voted against it, on the ground that Ontario had nothing to do with the subject I Ohiiied Meat Mr. Ross announced that he would eaublish • dead mtai trade with England, MR. ROSS' FAILURES IS to which Ontario would wpply the beef and mutton now supplied bv the Armour* and Swift, of Chicano. Thw promJM was repeated m a speech at WH and. At once Mr. William Davies, a Uberal, replied in the paoers i t Mr. Koss did not know what he was talking about, and that ha ought first to ^pply himscit to the raising of the necessary cattle. ... .^. u- • . . Nothing has been done except what Mr. Dryden has done This Minister has opened hU ranche in Dakota, and he explains that he proposes to send stockere tberetobe fattened and afterwards sold in Chicago to the Armours and Swifts, whose trade Mr. Ross was going to get for us. Working up our Kaw Matorial Mr. Ross made this further promise : "We propose, as (ar as we can, to insist that all the raw material of Ontario shall be manufactured in Ontario." Nothing has been done in this direction. TJie only propositions looking to the manufacturing of our raw material in thi* province came from the Opposition, when the cutting of our own lumber and the refining of our own nickel was demanded ; and the Government opposed them both. Tho "Folloy".a Fraud The Ross policy is a deliberate impostuie. There is nothing in it except the giving away of pulp lands, agricultural lands and subsidies in money for nothing and with corrupt intent. TBE PROYIHCIHL EXPENDrPOHB Premier Ross Wants to Tax the Farmer. Of great importance to the people of Ontario is the question of the provin- cial finances. If the finances are well managed there need be no fear of direct taxation. On the other hand if they are badly managed ana debts are incurred there will be direct taxation. ^ . ■ • In some of the other provinces direct taxes are already laid on. Quebec levies a tax upon everybody who is in business in the province. This is the result of 'h* ex- travagance of a Liberal Govert -nt. Manitoba, until the Conservatives, under Hon. Hugh John Macdonald took oiace, required every municipality to contribute to the provincial expenses. At the last session of the Legislature the Conservative treasurer, owing to the excellent condition of affairs brought about by his care- ful management, was able to abolish these taxes. In Prince Edward Isluid the Liberals make every farmer pay according to the acreage he has under THB AOCXnmTS ABB CXX>KBD coltMrMion. The ntt it fiftr cents an acre and if » brner (Mtau a huadrai actea be pays fiftjr dollars. In Bntisb Columbia thera is a poll tax of $3 bead.- A fanner with five children hw to pay for his family $14 annnallv the provincial chest ' , We have been able to sell a vast area of Cmwn property, such as timber limits, and have thus had a revenue without resorting to direct taxes. In addition the first Government of Ontario was very careful and as a result rolled ■• a surplus of $3,8is,ooa That Conseriative nest egg has helped to ward off « the piovincial tax-collector. But of Ute the expenses have grown rapidly and a debt has been laid on. The Government has made its increased outlays bv encroaching upon municipal revenues and taking corporation taxes from tlM municipalities and placing theni in the provincial treasury. To Tax the Farmers A new proposition looking to further encroachment upon municipal reeeipts. was made during the last session of Legislature by Mr. Pettypiece,^.P.P. for East Lambton, at the instigation of the Government. Mr. Pettypiece wants aH the taxes now collected by the municipalities to be collected by the Government and returned to the municipalities less twenty per cent, which the Ooveromeat tt to jjetam for itself. This scheme will take from th* people one-fifth of the mc'^ey the cities, towns and counties now collect from railways, electric roada, telegraph and telephone companies and will force the farmers or the individnal taxpayers to pay into the municipal treasury the amount thfit has been take* from It. Mr. G. W. Ross had Mr. Pettypiece's pronosal postponed : but said that something of that kind would have to be done sooi. , mui«. »« If the Ross Government takes from the people a fifth of the corporation taaea. It can also take a third, a half, or indeed all of these taxes. The move, in fact. lodS towards that end. It is borrowed from the United Sutes. The Fraudulent "Surplus" In view of the fact that at the last general election so much was said abaot the huge surplus m the Government vaults, it may seem strange that the taxing of the farmer should be in contemplation. But the siatements about the so-called surplus " have turned out to have been untruthful. The " surplus " has been put at all sorts of figures by the Government in the budget speeches, and has alwi^ been large in election years. Here are a few sample statements about the siie of the "surplus," gleaned from the budgets :— 1884-Treasurer A. M Ross $6,859,666 II7 " « »339 jggg <• „ 0.005,332 1890— Treasurer Harcourt c'g^'oSe 1892 " " c*28?'??e © « .. J''3?.48o ,8^ .. « 5.078,986 "^ 4,988,079 In the latter year--i899— the Govern nt appointed a Royal Commission to prove that the "surplus of »4.988,o79 wa existence. The figures had been disputed, and the Government wanted an indr pendent authority to say that they were true. The commission was composed of Mr. B. E. Walker, Mr. John Hoskin, and Mt. Angus Kirkland. On February 13th, 1900, it presented its report. The statemeiit therein contained was most startling. It was shown that the "surplus" did not exist at all, and that instead of a "surplus" Ontario has a large debt. On pages 16 and 17 of the report, the facts relating to the alleged surplus are explained. It has already been stated that the Sandfield Macdonald Government left a surplus in cash of $3,8t5,ooa This money has disappeared. The Doaiaiw THB ACXX)T71ITS ARB OOOKBO If boMb in which it WM invMled h»»« been wM. The Rv/al Commi«ion giret the foUowinx table of the vnlue of the provincial asMU «nd liabililiea : A.^, $7,I4e^ W the Dominionirri884,and valued as worth in cash $2,848,289. This addition to the JubTidy is not negotiable. We can draw the annual interest, but not the capUj K Deducting it from the asseis-for it is not an asset-the account stands thus :— Asset, H'ViiiVA Liabilities 5.182.874 This shows that instead of having a surplus of $4,988,079. as f^^'^ll^^J^^^f ^ Mr Harcourt, we have a deficit of $890,745- The thirty-year Government has SMnft he Sandfield Macdonald surplus of $3,815,000, and "a* gone back $89o.74« In sSldition. We are worse off by |4.7oS.745. than we were when this Government took hold. _ Debt Instead of Surplus It is startline to discover that all the " surplus" statemenU made in™«, »^2 oast ten S« wf re untratWul But there is wmethinff even more •»*«»"« »>^ Sb to be^cS^si^rtl. WhUe the Ministers were boasting a •urpj"' ^ <»»d not «?st they were "so Uying on a heavy debt and saymg nothing about it. This debt was incurred by the granting of subsidies to railways. The proo^ s. ./fSlowf The Onurio Goveiiment saya to a railway company, .We wii give you fsSoopCTmU^^^^ It doti not pay the money. W ««ves c«^ r/^ J«ri.nritlin» the comoanv to draw the amount with interest in half-yearly iSmente covlrSi forty^eJrs. By the time the obligation is wiped out Ontano h^nfidls&ofor evervV3.ooo granted. But it is not the custom to. pay the S^Ai^ficS^'S^nYheJfiriSr'Fhe Government r«crv«to^,£ |hc ngk and It exercises it freely, of borrowing the money to pay the *5.6oa 1 his mee ruoiic Accounis .i?. paVelVTltmaV be well to show from the official returns how the debt has grown. Here are the figures :— ,00, Nothing J2°' $3.32P.420 «89' 5.046911 •898 ^ :........ 5:214.698 » '900 •> ..'. 5.870,040 J901 " ' ' In the year 1901, the debt was increased as a sum of subtraction will show by $655,000. This is at the rate of $2,000 per day. j u -j DurinE the past four years great expenditures have been «"«'*«** .*»*/*? sabsid"«&ve»S«i granted. Ilere are the records of new expenditures «»4 rf subsidies that have been voted and have to be paid : I6 THE ACCOTTHTS ABB CXX>KBD OaWaBdioR bonuic* on Dec. 31, 1890^ M pn ntotn piMcnU d by Provincial Secretary I3,os6^90o Subtidiet voted in 1900 *$*,4ieo " •• 1901 y>7iOoo " " tooa. t,. 700^000 TemiscMningne Railway., 3,334,000 Million Dollar Road Grant 1,000,000 •7.$55.3«> This money is pledged and will have to be paid if the enterprises go on. In the Parliament at Ottawa daring the present session Mr. Fielding announced that his Government had a claim of $333,000 against Ontario on account of pay- ments to Indians. This sum with iuiercst reached $475,000 by the end of 1893, and it has been gettipg larger ever Mnce. Col. Matheson drew attention to it m the buch(et debate and.pointed out that Premier Ross had suppressed all reference to it. Add this $475,000 to the obligations and the sum which is coming due and which we will have to pay is $8,030,300 i An Awful Change Now let us see where we sUnd. When Sandfield Macdonald went out we had ^3>8'i>°<>0 of cash in the banks or in bonds. To-day that money is gone, and instead of having it to draw upon we have the following amounts to pay :— Debt (Public Accounts igei, pageliv.) $5,870,040 Bonuses granted and to be paid . 7i555i3oo Cbim byOttawa 475t«» $13,900,340 Our liabilities, present and prospective, stand at $13,900^340 > What the Debt Meana The $13,900,340 which we have to carry represents $7 per head of thg population. W But it must be borne in mind that the Ontario Government is not the only Government that is laying debt upwn us. Our municipalities have to build toads and to do a great deal in the way of public improvements. Their debt (see Bureau of Industries report for 1899, Pan 'I., page v.) was in 1899, $S4>5o6,^3, or $27.11 per head. .. he Dominion Government is rapidly increasing the debt It is rebuilding the Intercolonial, and paying for Eastern Railways, and assuming the liabilities of other provinces. The last issue of the Public Accounts (page xi.) puts the net debt at $286,480,000. This is at the rate of $53-6o per head. The Ontario farmer has to carry this indebtedness : — Pot BaMl Federal $53 «<> Provincial 7 00 Municipal 37 " Toul $87 7> At five in a family, each family owes $438.50 1 / Is it not time to stop and think f Is this huge mortgage which the Ontario Government and the Ottawa Govern- ment are laying upon our farms to be allowed to grow bigger ? Or shall we stop it by commencing with the Ontario Government ? Sh-il! we allow Premier Ross to lay on direct taxation ? Cooking the Aooounta It has been shown that for years the Government has been untruthful in its ( * iffiMi i fiii i lm ii -f--'^^^^^^'-^^ d THB AOOOUHTS ABB COCMEED 17 sUtmwBts r.boat ' ' th* ■urplw." The mbm policy of falsiftcation has been purmed with regard to the aaaoal expenditures. The Govemoent issued (or the last election a Handbook for the Electors, showing what it had done and what it had spent. Tlie Royal Commission exam- ined flie annual expenditures and made iu report. All the figures given bjr the Commission are higher than those given bytu Government. The Government had spent far more than it represented, and had " cooked the accounts " in order to deceive the people. Here is a table, exposing the deception. The first column is taken from tae Government report, which is entitled the " Record of the Liberal Government," issued by Alexander Smith, page 168. The second column is from the Report of the Royal Commission, page 6 :— Tear 1873 ■XPSNDITintBS by Oo' Baymir •i.46o.ai3 •3.099.634 1874 •••• a.34«.339 3.W3.701 1877. ».o63,550 3.617.SS3 a.i5S.i8S 3.«Sa,36c .363.806 3.iji 1878 3.408,514 3.9«4. .MS 1879 1880 1881 1883 1883 1884 i88c 1U6 1887 1888 ;« *,i85.38» 3,gS4.7ti a.343.663 3.S3i.>tt a.a8i,o53 3>S9>i799 a.439.$S4 a,9ii,834 2.548.171 a.90o,o« 3.870,03s 3.307.889 3,603,5315 3.040,139 3.769978 3.181.449 3,864.713 3.454,173 3.007.037 3.S44.834 - . _ -J44.a 3.>8i.6i4 4.578,983 1890 3.367.685 3.907.438 1891 3.4W.73I 4,158.459 1893 3.411.013 4.068,357 1893 3.371,748 ,. 3.907.145 1894 3,374.380 3.839,338 1895 3.476.351 3.758,59$ 1896 3.415.374 3.703.379 1897 3.500.654 3.767,675 If will be noticed that the Ministers manufactured the figures for the reporU to the public making them from $1,400,000 in 1889 to a (]^uarter of a million in 1897 less than they really were. In the history of representative Government there has never been such a case of fraud before. The prolonged misrepresentation abbut the surplus does not approach it for impropriety. V Til* Growing Outlays With the report of the Royal Commission before us we can all see how the expenditures have grown. They stood at $3,533,319 in 1871. They were raised to $3,767,675 in 1897. Here is a short compirative table contrasting the Conser- vative outlay of 1871 with the expenditures that have been made during the past parliamentary term : — I87I L..$3,533,3IO iw 3.767.675 1898 , 3.803,801 1899 3.7I0.430 1900 4.oot,739 1901 4,038.834 i-^ yyUiiWiiiiiiMillliil MMHHHIi i8 THB AOOOXTNTB ASM OOOKMD It will ba noticed tUX there Is a gradwd inerMM ta die differencr tottwcca i»v aadi«Di.beiiig>>7i.if9. Thatbetweea iljri and i«oi it nuher more thu ti,S(«i- oca Tor theprMBt year the (oUowinffTOtet were takea lathe MMioa of i«es: Main cfldmates »4,oo4,art Supplemeatariet •J£ - Farther tttpplemeDtaries 3>/9* Railway certiikatet (debt) «»U» Annnitie* 0M from sale of timber limits $4,4 14.748 Deficit $ ago,oe6 , Why IxpansM Nav« Gone Up The expenditures have grown, because Acre are larger outlays in every branch of the public service. Here are some illustrations :— ISII iwi Attorney General's Ofllce— Salaries $11,670 $I5.*66 Crown Lands Department— Salaries 34.950 47.970 Public Works-Salaries I5.55» a3.4So Treasury Department— Salaries 13.400 34.677 Inspection of Public Institutions— Salaries 7.554 »3.f47 Rmstrar General- Sahuies St'^o 7,64^ Legislation— Salaries io,«oo 15,19^ The various heads under which expenditures are made afford the following comparisons .- ^^ ,^, Civil Government »i74.8o3 $281,135 Administration of Justice a5«.«99 416,04a Public Institutions 5«i.663 838.«6» Public Buildings 1*6,552 »94.6o7 Public Works »4,369 60.847 Miscellaneous 43.820 254,738 Dir«ot Taxes In view of the bad condition of the finances, the Government has taken the power to lay on direct Uxes. Section 264 of the Ontario .\ssessment Act now says that •• taxts may it levitd for t/u purpous of tht Trttuurtr oftkt provine*, and that such taxes shall be asuised, levied and eottecUd by and paid over to the same Persons^ in the same manner and the same time as imposedforfiimicipalpnrP^s> -I TBS AOOOXTNTS ABB COOKED 19 The Tofoate Svn lan dM raonBOw eipcnditwcs ** will have to be provided for bf dinct taxes lovied apoa tho ratepoyen of every oranidiialhy In Ontario. Each finBcr will diea find in hit tax bill a levy for the Provincial Government." •4u««sln|| th« P«epl« Already eocroachmenU have been made in the municipal revennes f or the pnrpotee of the Ontario Government. The first was the scisnre of a lar^e propor- tion of the revenue from liquor licenses. Formerly this revenue went almost entirely into the municipal treasuries. It reduced the taxation the people have to pay for local purposes. Now, under the license law, the Piovincial Government takes the Iwn's snare, and the people have to make up the deficit Here are the fiKures from the Public Accounts, showing what the people have to contribute to the provincial treasury, and how the amount has Rrown :— UCnSE RBVIMUB TAKBM BY THB OMTABIO OOVERMMBMT. «57J I«a.i5» :!g:::;:::;::;:;-.::;.::::::;:;:::::::::::::;:::::::;:;::;;:;:a3i iSSj J03.31* ' 1886 aii.iea i8q8 "^''jy 1901 3iHf07o The Government takes f 300,000 additional from the municipalities or >i,poo,- •00 every tea years! It has since taken a share of the municipal revenue from corporations and it wants more as the Petty piece bill shows. A Crisis In Our History Wc have reached a crius in o^r history. The surplus has gone. A debt ot t5,8oo;oao has been incurred. The debt is increanng by t2,ooo a day. New liabiliti^bringhig the debt up to $13,900,340 have be«>- ^'tred upon. The annual expenditure has grown so large that there is si deficit. New taxation has already been laid upon the people throuK.< the municipal treasuries. More direct taxation is openly threatened and power to collect it through the mnakipal.taxpayer has beeniaken. It is time to introduce sAne and honest methods into our financial management It is time for a change. '. 'm' I : The Michigan Log Qoestion How the Conservatives Saved a Great Interest to Ontario . For many yean Mr. G. W. Rom fought and strancled to preserve to tht lUte of Michtf an the privUege of deuM iling Ontario of iu natural endowment of timber, and to make it the meant of affording employment for American Uoor ana tor building up American cities. Against this iniquity the Conservatiires matnUlned a determined and continuous fight which was not concluded uBtrt the Gurernmwit was compell-d relncuntly to concede the measure, a protection to Ontario s in- terests, which the patriotism of the Opposition and of the people demanded, —So far back as 1886 a note of warning was sounded by the Opposition through iu leader against allowing the exporution of logs. In London in that year it arraigned Ae Gorernment for having been negligent of its duty in |hat it " had made no attempt to prevent by proper conditions, the lte-codncil declaring that lumbermen's supplies must *■ ^urchtscd in Canada, and that only reridenU cTthis country were to be empteyea oy lumbermen te their operations here. Tbe ofidal report (rf the teterview showed that this was merely a scheme to kill the movement, and a scheme which the lumbermen themselves had proposed. Says the report : " These centlemen represented .... that regwatkms requiring them to employ Canadian tebor and purchase Canad i a n supplies woidd be qwte agreeable to them." The Conservatives, however, still prcsaed their policy upon the public and upon tbe Legidature. Aeatn in ^e ensuing session they moved a resolutwn expreseteg reiirct that the Cove r n m e n t " has not taken steps to compel the manu- facture into lumber of all saw logs cut under licenses issued by the DepiLrtment of Crown Lands." The roaolntion was voted down bv Mr. Ross and his associates, but teter on te the same sesskm the Government made another move in the matter. It tetrodnced a Mil requiring that all Iteenses to cut timber should be subject to tbe condition cl being manufactured te Ontario. There was no necessity to embody the proposal in a Dill, because the Government had power (under R.S.O. chap. M, sec. I ) ft add smh conditions to the licenses, but this course was taken te tbe hope and the expectation that the measure would be disallowed by the Federal authori- ties, or be declared ultra viies by the courtt. Mr. Whitney then and there moved that the manufacturing condition should be forthwith imposed by the department, as already anthorited oy tew. ^ndnst this Mr. Ross, Mr. Gibstw, Mr. Davis, Mr. Drvden. Mi. Harcourt, Mr. Pattnllo and Mr. Stratton marshalled the Liberal forces and defeated it. 8uoo«ss of Mr. Whitney's Folloy Bat neither the pressure for disallowance nor the attack in the courts availed agatest the growing policy. It went into effect after years of opposition and denunciation by the Liberals, and it went into effect in spite of them. It did not drive away the ;"..eiican millionaires, as Mr. Ross predicted it would, nor did it injure Canadian <. u •s, as Mr. Conmee prophesied. On the contrary, it compelled the Michiffan h ' men to move their esublishments into Canada, to employ 22 ROSS' MICmGAN POLICY Canadian labor, and to use Canadian suppiiei. It stopped the export of loga, and made our own resources contribute to the wealth and progress of our own country. The result to the export trade in logs has been as follows :— Ft. B. M. 1890 as,ooo.oco 1891 13.63a.000 i8q3 39.073.000 1893 3a6,43a.8oa 1894 •••• '74.S03.f4S iSoc : a38.053.651 1896 a49.746.3u 1897 aio,o26,8as li^ 157.000,000 1S99 75.000,000 1900 I3.5'3.9>7 1901 .3.i3a,ooo 1903 i*u In spite of this obliteration of the log export bonus the' cut on Crown lands increased -from 527.539,985 feet B. M. in 1896-710 700,366,014 in i8994x>. New mills hare beenesUblished at Victoria Harbour (capacity 35,000.000 fett a yrar), at Midland (capacity 15,000,000 feet and 10,000.000 feet) at Sandwich ; three at Sarnia (total capacity 60,000,000 feet). Besides these, which constitute only a partial list, many old mills that formerly stood idle, are now being opera^ These include two at Little Current (capacity i;.ooo.ooo and 30.000.000), one at John's Island (capacity jo, 000,000), one at Kenafrith (capacity 35,00,0000), three at Parry Sound (toUl capacity 45,000,000). On the other hand, Michi^n, wh>ch formerly thrived on Ontario logs, has had a different experience. The Detroit Trtbunt pictures the result as follows : " From Cheboygan South all along the Huron shore there are silent mills, abandoned mill sites, and empty lumber yards, to say nothing of vacant houses and diminishiuK or stationary populations." Finally, adds the TnbMne,Xht Saginaw Lumber and Salt Company, one of the largest remaining lumber firms, has oeen compelled by failing supply of raw material "to follow the others across the lake, where it must employ Canadian labor, buy Canadian supplies, and contribute to Canadian development." All this is the outcome of the policy so long and so faithfully advocated by Mr. Whitney, and 10 bitterly opposed by Messrs. Ross, Gibson. Dryden, Harcourt. Davis. Stratton, Pattullo, Conmee. et al. They never likid it, adopted it only under compulsion, and would reverse it to-morrow — if they dared. Great Timber Concessions Given Freely to Speculators A feature of the Government policy which has been developed since the last election, that of 1898, is the free disuibution of pulp-wood concessions aoiong speculators. . , m , • j In recent years there has been a growing demand for spruce, poplar and whitewood for the manufacture of the pulp out of which paper is made. The English paper maker has drawn his supply from the contment, chiefly Norway and Sweden . The United Sutes manufacturer has nearly used up his own growth of pulp-wood, and is looking for more. There is a general disposition, both m England and the United Sutes, to turn to Canada, and particularly to OnUrio, where the supply of pulp-wood is very large, for the raw material for paper that is so much needed. '. , . , . . . .^ When the Ross Government found that pulp-wood was in demand, it pro- ceeded at once to block the nortUem and western portions of the province out into spruce limits, and to give these limitt away to cerUin favored persons, some of them Liberal politicians, who applied for them. Nearly every seuton of the Legis- lature is made famous by a pulp- wood grant Sometimes, indeed, there are more than one in a fission. The companies which receive these granU pay nothing for them. All they undertake to do is to build a mill— which they would do if they had to buy their co'ncesrionr-and to pay dues at the rate of forty cents a eora. A JCIngdom Given Away Already there have been seven pulp concessions. One gives a company the exclusive right to cut pulp-wood In Keewatin. The next, coming east, gives another company the exclusive right to cut pulp-wood north of Lake Superior. This grant, in which Mr. N. W. Rowell, a stumper for the Government and a director of the Globe newspaper, is interested, is very extensive. Mr. Rowell and his collea.22 Montreal River " • '.fi** ■ fcx "' -' / 24 THE GRBAT PULP DEALS Now QuelMo Does It We, in Ontario, have the idea that Quebec is disposed to be improvident But that provinc* has palp- wood lands exaaly as we have. Tt ^ives none of them away by secret bai^ain. Every limit is sold to the highest biuder at auction. Not only has the bidder to pay a bonus for the monopoly of the spruce, poplar and whitewood in the area put up for sale, but he has in addition to pay an annual rental of $3 per square mile for his limit, with the dues of forty, cenu per cord as well. Here is the record of a Quebec sale that took place in 1898, before pulp-wood became so valuable as it is now. The figures are taken /from the Report of the Commissioner of Crown Lands for iQOO : — AtmId eroia4 llUa* Booas Kaot UpperOttawa Mi}i *2o,5*4 37 t 609 00 St. Maunce 700 53,41300 3,73000 Montmamy ^)i 5,07341 35c 00 , Grandville 81 4ii34 « 34600 MetapediaVal 19^ 1,40600 5700 Rjmonski, E. 3^ 10850 is 00 Rimouski, W. 170 16^35575 51000 Bonaventare, W. 39 754 00 8700 St. Charles. 38 1,^00 114 00 LakeStJohn 315 5,65383 65100 Saguenay 313X 10^86350 64100 Totals i,933X tisg^tyi os >5,839 00 We give oar property awav for nothing. Quebec, for 1,933 iquare miles, received 9139,171 as a bonus, with $5,839 annually as rent Our concessions give the monopoly free for 3i years. Dunng that penod Quebec cellecta $133,409 as rent. For iu 1,933 square miles Quebec gets the following suras :— Bonus , $139,177 Rent 133,171 - $351,348 If we had sold our 15.660 square miles that have been given away, for the same price that Quebec gets, our treasury would be the richer by $3.03o, 140. This would have gone far towards averting the direct taxation, with which the Ross Government threatens vs. Mr. Whitney's Position Mr. Whitney and his colleagues in the Legislature opposed the i^ive-away system. They maintained that the estate of the province must not be distributed gntuitously, but must be sold as the timber limiu are, at public competition. They also decUred that the pulp area must be marked out, so that the people will know what they are selling. It was moved accordingljr by Mr. Whitney, when the first pulp deal was launched, that " This House is oi opinion that all granU of pulp-wood lands should be made subject to public competition, and that all dues on Crown timber should be regu- lated from time to time by thu House ; and this House is also of opinion that steps should be taken to enquire into the extent and nature of the timber resources of the province, in order that the members of this House may be able to form an intelligible judgment upon the subject of timber and pulp-wood dues." This was voted down. In the following year, when the Keewatin concession was proposed. Col. Matheson moved, seconded by Mr. Foy : " This House is of opinion that all grants of pulp-wood lands should be made subject to public competition, and that all dues on Crown timber should be regu- lated from time to time by this House." ^ssm THE OKBIAT FULP DEALS 25 The majoritv voted this down also. The Government w»s determined to reserve to itself the right to make its secret bargains and to give away vast areas of the public domain ;;Tatiiitonsl]r. Meanwhile the favored companies are pre- paring to make big r oney out of their free grants of pulp-wood righu. It was stated in thr Legisiaiure, and not denied, that one company had sold its free con- cession for $600,000^ and that the same concession bad changed hands a second time for $200,000 more. Is it not about time to stop this free and secret division of the people's property ? Is It not time to say that the revenue from the public territory shall go into the public chest? Is it not tme for a change ? WORK FOR THE FARMER Conservative Efforts in Belialf of tiie Great Industry of Agriculture MR. WHITNEY'S ADVANCED POLICY Ontario Farmers to Have all the Benefits that a Pushing Government Can Supply. The interests of the farmers are paramount in the great agricultural province of Ootario. To those interests the Liberal Conservative leaders, whether in power at Toronto or at Ottawa, have always devoted themselves. Mr. Whitney, who is a farmer's son, is especially concerned in the progress and prosperity of th? industry with which he has been and is so closely associated. The Afrrloultural Colleg* For the farmers the Conservatives secured the i^eat Experimental Farm system now in operation throughout the Dominion. They also originated the Agricultural College at Guelph. Mr. Dryden, the present Minister of Agriculture, in his speeches disputed the fact that the Conservatives proposed and designed the Agricultural College and has claimed the paternity of that institution for himself. But, nine years before Mr. Dryden enteredthe Legislature, Sir John Carling, our first Minister of Agriculture, reported upon the subject In the report of that Mtntst' r (or 1870 will be found the original proposhion. Sir John first sent Rev. W. •=■ ''larke of Guelph, the celebrated writer on farm questions, to various points in the United States to examine the systems there. Then he outlined his plan. fB 36 WOKE FOR THB FARMER He suf (tested the establishment of one institation as a commencement to allow the practical experience of a tew years to determine the expediency of increasing the number. He also named a list of subjects that might be taught at the college, and said that students should work on the farm or in the workwop for a certain number of hours daily. Portions of the farm should be devoted to purely experi- mental purposes and the breeding and manai^ement of live stock should form a promment feature of ths institution — not to compete with private breeders, but to aid them in developing the industry along the most progressive and profitable lines. In the following session the bill establishing the College was passet It is much to be regretted mat Mr. Dryden should find it necessary to misreprcL.ut the facts. Work of the Consorvatlvos J The College has done important work, and to the various agencies for the pro motion of agriculture, leading men have from time to time proposed additions. These have in some cases been adopted with good results. Mr. Andrew Broder for example, the former Conservative representative for Dundas, in i88S Croposed in the Legislature the adoption of the travelling dairy. Three years Iter, ncmoly in 1891, the Government saw the value of the proposal and adopted it. In 1889 Mr. Whitney suKgested that the knowledge acquired at the College ^oald be spread abroaa by the sending out of the graduates to addrrss the farmers in the luontns of February and March. From the Opposition side of the Lef^sla- ture have also come suggestions looking for the advancement of the educatranal interests of the farming community and the promotion of Farmers' Institutes. Mr. Whitney has urged that the time foTe>hadowed in Sir John Carling's report for another step in the advancement of the interests of the farmers by the establish- ment of agricultural schools has come. Agrioulturai Schools That he is correct experienced agriculturalists maintain. On the continent of Europe every country has its agricultural schools. Some countries indeed have a great many. France has hundreds of various grades from the elementary up to ^he highly scientific. There the young man who does not desire to enter upon the more technical studies can secure instruction in the less advanced phases of his profes- sion. The tendency is to improve the agricultural resources of the country, to make th^ rising generation like and appreciate ihe farm, and to add to the profits and the inducements of agriculture. In the United States there is a like move- ment and it is taking root amont; the people. Agricultural schools serving the various sections of the province and applying themselves to the class of productions most suitable there would do a world of good. Unfortunately the present Government does not approve of the further spread of agricultural knowledge. One of the papers speaaing for the Govern- ment says, "Mr. Whitney'* proposal deserves emphatic condemnation on its merits." Yet it is known that it is impossible to do too much for the great fuming in- dustry and that whatever is done to secure greaten results and greater remunera- tion to the farmer is a benefit to the ^ ntire country. While so much money is enpend'-d upon the education of lawyers and doctors why should the farmers' son be neglected 7 Covernmont Opposition Immediately that Mr. Whitney propounded his agricultural school poScy Mr. Stratton de lared-that the Governme'^t Vould fight it. Speaking at NiagMa-on- thc Lake in October, 1901, Mr. Stratton said : " Added interest to be paid to agriculture, with a view to the early estabKsh- mcnt of furthC' agricultural schools, was another of Mr. Whitney's vi&ionary pro- posals. His scheme for half a doien agricultural colleges was preposterous. The asB liiii WORK FOR THB FARMER 27 expense would be enormous, and impossible to meet. This plan would mvolve the purchase of half a dosen farms and the erection and equipment of half a doien more buildings and the employment of half a dosen suffs of professors. Mr. Whit- ney's scheme was as wild as that of a man who would propose a dozen public 4C iiools in a rural section. ** 3ut a writer in the Kingston Ntws, an agriculturist, says : " In my judgment it is, to say the least of it, a sad state of affairs that the gttax agricultural province of OnUrio expends only about 9200,000 annually on agricul- tural education, when so much of the public funds are recklessly squandered." Then he points out what is done elsewhere. He says Bavaria has a6 agricul- tural schools ; Wurtemberg, 16 ; Saxony, 24 ; Baden, 14, with four schools of gardening ; Hesse DarmsUdt, one college and eight schods j Saxe Wwtnar, an agricultural department with i j professors, four agricultural colleges with 80 pro- fessors, and 4t schools, all connected with model farms. France has 3,000 expen- . jentAl plots, and 350 profe sors travelling about the country. In many ot the German Sutes the population is much less than ours. " Oh, sir," concludes the writer, " if the money that has been used for bribery and corruption, to curse and pollute the electorate in the past ten years, had been used for this purpose, it would have endowed chairs of agricultural science in every University in the Dominion." The Ross Government says agricultural education is preposterous, and gives away free to great syndicates the pulp resources, which, if sold, would provide the means for the development of the interesU of our farmers. The Agricultural Committee It cannot fairly be said that the Government has resisted all the efforts that have been made to meet the wants of the farmers ; for it has adopted many measures proposed to it either by members of the Legislature or by leading agriculturalists. Still it is slow to act and sometimes its action is not wisely Uken. It resisted unril the session of 1901 the proposal of Mr. Little to appoint a standing committee on agriculture in the Legislature to enquire into agricultural euestions and to propose measures on befaalF of the farmers. The Conservatives created such a committee at Ottawa. Why the Ontariu Government should have opposed one in Toronto it is diflScult to say. The success of the Opposition struggle for the appointment of the committee was a great triumph and that it will be fraught with immense advantak>ea to the farming Industry goes without saying. It opensthedoorof the Legislature to the farmers. It permits them to be heard; and altogether it is a good thing. T' ^eet Sugar Industry Jie action of ' Government has been ill-advised For years pressure has been \1 One of the cases in as well as slow, is that re. ^ to beet root s^s^ar. , brought to bear upon the Ministers to give encouragement to the beet sugar in- dustry. As long ago as 1890 the Ministervhad reports on the subject. The Ottawa Government wiuidrew the small bonus thit was given to the farmy^s for beet sugar growing. That Government believes in bonusing the great iron industries of Nova Scotia, but not in bonusing any industry in which the farmers is concerned. It therefore declined to help the Ontario beet sugar industry. An appeal was made to the OnUrio Government to do what the Ottawa Government refused to do. The Ontario Government resisted the application for vears ; but finally in 1901 it brought in a bill giving a bonus of half a cent a pound to replace the two cents a pound bounty formerty given at Ottowa. This bonus is just half what is paid by the State ef New York. There a bounty of one cent is given. To the surprise of the Legislature the measure proposed to give the bonus only to the companies which refine the sugar and nothing at all to the farmer who grows the beet. At •nee Mr. Boyd of North Grey moved, seconded by Mr. Eilbcr of Huron, as follows : " And this House, while approving of the general provisions of the bill, regrets tliai it contains no provisions securing directly to the farmers producing s-jgar 28 WORK FOR THE FARMER beets a reasonable bonus or bounty on each ton of beets produced and fold by them." The Government voted this down. It insbu upon confining the.bonus to the company. Live Stock lnt«r«sts Mvth has to be done for the live stock interests. .In horses it is necessarv to get the animal that is suited for the army. There has been a great deal of talk about estaUishins remount sutions ; but the Government has not yet thought of moving ■m the direction of aiding in the breeding of the special horse required by the Im- perial Government In cattle the Government ought to assut the mdustry not by opening up a cattle ranch in DakoU under the auspices of the Ontario Minister of Agriculture ; but by pushing our own Ontario interests in the British market in preference to those of Giicago. Nothing is too good for the Ontario former and the proposal to accord him every advantage that any other farmer can get is both wise and The census of 1901 reportt that the rural population of Ontario has declined by 48, 133 during the past ten years. There ought to be ioo/x)o more people in the rural districu instead of a reduction of 48.133- If we have an up-to-date Agricnl- tural Department there will be progress and prosperity for the industry over which it presides. The Ixous* for Inoffficlonoy It is often said by the Ministers, as an excuse for their neglect of the farmer, that Mr. Whitney has so little regard for agriculture that he actually voted against the creation of the Department of Agriculture and the appointment of a wecial miidster to preside over that bttre»u. This sUtement is incorrect. Ever nnce Confederation we have had a Minister of Agriculture ; our first bemg Sir John Carling, and the second. Mr. McKdlar. ^,»„. ,» -^ But up to 1888 that office was combined with the office of Provincial Secretary. In 1888 the government introduced legislation splitting the office up into two, and providing for seven Ministers instead of six. Sir WiDiam Meredith, then leader of ths Oppositioa, pointed out that the Provincial Treasurer had not much to do. and the Provincial Secretary was equally idle. He held that the Department of Agriculture could well be separated from the Secretary Aip. but that the Treasurer and the Secretary should be rolled into one, thus ^eventing the mutiplicauon of Ministers. His words were :— j . . " He did not dispute the imporUnce of givini; attention to agricultural matters or oppose the appointment of a Minister of Agriculture, but he entered his protest against the addition of another member to the Cabinet." Mr. Whitney voted with Sir William for his policy of creating a separate de- partment of Agriculture, and of combining two other deputmenU which do little or nothing in order that an increase in the number of the sinecures might be prevented. « Mr. Drydon's Dakota Interest It was never supposed that we would have a Minister of Agriculture who is more favorable to United Sutes interests than to Canada. Suii a Minister Mr. Dry den has unfortunately turned out to be. For years we have been trying to give Ontario the repuUtion it deserves and the business to which it is entitled as a bee* producing and beef exporting province. The Americans do an enormous dressed beef export trade. Why should we not do the same thing f Why should not our farmers share more full^ in the millions of dollars that are p«d annually by Eng- land for beef from this side of the ocean ? While everybody has been looking for means to promote Ontario interests in y^gBgi. ¥^ WORE FOR THB FARMER 29 thiB particular, and while the Cattle Breedert Association has been very busy on the subject, Mr. Dtyj Tbe IcMer diebwce pajrt doable the rate of the creator diatMwc. MkUand to Montreal (through Uaflic) .4)4 cents. Midland to Montreal (Ontario produce) 8 4/io The charge here is double for the same distance— the American product getting the lower rate. "" ^ Chicago to Montreal Scents. Stratford to Montreal nH " In this cas9 the shorter the haul the higher the price. Justlo* Resisted This is a matter in respect of which the combined efforts of the Ontario and the Federal Gov«nmenU would bring about results satiifactory to our producers. Taking this view of the question Mr. Crawford moved in the Legislature on Feb. acth that " In the opinion of this House it is the dutv of the Provincial Government, to, without delay, urge upon thejGrovernment of Canada, the necessity of taking steps to obtain for the people of this Province, cheaper rates for the transporuuou of agricultural products." . . ^ , j . . w-u i* It was a firave disappointment when the Government refused to act on behalf of the agricaltural interests and voted the resolution down. The division uken on that occasion was as follows : FOR LOWKR FEKIOHT RATII Messrs. AllcK EUber Uttle pV*,,^ . , Beatty (Leeds Fallis Matheson Reid (Durham) Btiiwer Foy i^ iscampbell Robson Carnegie Fox Monteith Thompson Colquhoun Hoyle Morrison T^^"» Crawford Toynt Macdiarmid Wardell Dempsey Kidd McDonald Whitney Du£F Kribs Also paired in favor of the resolution— Messrs. Barr, Boyd, Carscallen> Gallagher, Jamieson, Jessop, Lucas, Marter, McLaughlin, Powell and Reid ot Addington. * ' . AOAIMST LOWER PREIOBT RATBS Messrs. Auld Charlton Guibord ^'■^ Aylsworth Conmee Harcourt Pardee Barber Davis Hill S*"*, Beatty (Parry Sonnd) Dickenson Hislop Pettypiece Blesard Douglas Holmes Preston Bowman Dryden Latchford Richardson Bridgland Farwell Loughrin Ro8S(G.W.) Brown Gibson Malcolm Russell Burt Graham Munro Stratton Cardwell Gross Mutrie Taylor Carpenter. „ . . ^. , „ , Also paired ucainst the resolution— Messrs. Breithaupt, Clarke, Garrow, Lee, Leys, Lumsden, McKay, Pardo, Patullo, Smith and Truax. ^ v « « The movement is postponed but Mr. Whitney will take it up on behalf of our great farming industry in tiae next Parliament. It is felt that there is more to be done (or agriculture l>y securing a reduction in the charges (or transpomtion than ia giving away unnecessary sums of money for subsidies and in adding to the people's burden. mm m ■f-" ifi The Ileal Mooning of the Million Dollap Gpant FARMERS GET BACK SOME OFTHEIR OWN MONEY But Must Oo Heavily into Debt to Secure It The " million dollar grant " to roaids ii made a subject of much platform eloquence. It is represented that the Government is giving a millioa dollars in charity to the farmers. But the fact it the farmers are merely offered a small proportion of the money the Ontario Government has already taken from them. The license revenue now derived by the Government 'from the municipalities amounts to $304,000 a year. Four years of this revenue, if the municipalities had it, would pay the million dollars and interest. If the people had the license revenue whicn that Govern- ment has taUen to itself, they could spend a million dollars every four years on good roads and not add one cent to their taxes. The amount of money taken from the people as license revenue since this Government has been in office is $6,182,000. It is sufficient to provide six $i,ooo,aco grants for pood roads. The $1,000,000 grant is simply the restitution to the people of one-sixth of the money they have already placed in the Provincial Treasury. Must Co Into Debt In order to get some of their own money returned to them for road purposes, the people are ret^uired to spend twice as much again as the Government gives. Thus, it a county is entitled to $20,000, it would kpend |6o,ooo and go into debt $40,000, or they will not get the f 20,000. This means an addition to the municipai debt. Our municipalities owe $(4,000,000 now, and the Government, instead of freely helping th«m, insists that they shall add $2,000,000 to their liabilities. It is not fair to take the money from the people and to declare that if they are to have one-sixth of it returned to them they must go into debt for twice the amount they eceive. m ■iuriiH MlAlfUta jum < ICXLUON DOLLAR GRANT 33 Complloat«d Conditions - While theie termt are unfair, the other conditioni are of inch a character that the mnnicipalitiei have not been able to take advanuge of the ettint. Either coantiet or towashipi can apply for the Krant. If a county applies the distribution •f the burden is unequal. Thus a township may eet no roaas. and yet have to shoulder a share of the liability. The towns and villaKes also have to carry the debt. If, on the other hand, the townships go in for the grant, the towns and vil- lages are exempt. The thing is so complicated that it has only served, so far, to produce difficulties. Purposely Vnfsir It is believed that the arrangement has been made unfau- and unworkable for the distinct purpose of preventing the people sharing the grant. The Government, by pretending to give away fi, 000,000, which it first ukes from the people six timet over, seeks a reputation for benevolence. As it has made the distnbation almost impossible, and therefore does not expect to have to pay anything, it gets this reputation cheaply. Something must be done to make the assistance in road' making and road improvement fair end genuine. The better tb« roads, the faaicr- and cheaper the journey to market. e>V^^Y^v^ J NEW OHTARIO Build up the Great North and West of the Province , flOYERNIENT NEGLECT FOE THIRTY YEARS It Wakes Up to maladministef and Injutra tha Tai»t»itoi»y. New Onurio is all the uniettled portion of the province, North *|>«* We»t. U is commonly understood, however, to cover what was -^V'lt.'rT^™'. kiJi Out of the ownership of this territory from Port Arthur, west, ^^^e Government kept as for many years. Mr. Mackenzie referred the boundary question to a "oa'd rt ^bitratorfc That Board decided that the boundary extended to some two hundred miKeTt'-of Lake S^rior. But Mr Blake •n»'»4»*"r» »%**;?.***// T» ^^ t;i?«n«o'£r/blfX'ar?ec'l?^^^^^^^^^^^^ '*''"^l?%rl5'Lrr?e1?;^^^^^^^^ °J Q^^^.^" *%"»"1 ?L^^'g£?"* declared that the award must be ajfreed to. He said (Hansard page m iMa) . " Let us suppose the question is re opened. The award may be set aaide and it may be that filitario will be increased to the Red River.^ You will then have the Province of Ontario made greater thanit is bv the award. .... „„. „, For this view Mr. Ross, who was theniin Parliament, declared by his vote. He was afraid Ontario would become too larpe. From that time out the Liberals stood by the award and the Conservatives insisted upon a lejcal ^f f^'f'O"; J" . '*? *"* Liberal Government gave way, and the question of our right to the territory was argued in London with this result that the Court decided in our favor. eighteen Years of Do Nothing Our rights were contirmed in 1882, but not until 1900 did *= Government awaken to the fact that the country was worth developing. Meanwhile the Con- servatives at Ottawa undertook to open it out by the construction of the V»»»°»f" Pacific. Against this great enterprise Mr. Ross enteredlstrong objection m Parlm- ment. He particularly opposed the building of the line on the north sho^ «f ^e Superior, and through the Thunder Bay District. He said 1.1 the House (Hansard i88i, page 3M) : ^^ NEW OMTABIO 35 " Yon will notice that by the terms of this contract we are f otng to build the •astern end, 690 miles, inside oi ten veirn. We are certainly not building the Lake Superior end o( tuv 'oad, whit is called the eastern tection, for the purpose o( colonisation. We have no evidence that that land is oi ffreat value ; we know the •limate is unfavorable ; we know the soil is somewhat barren. True, there mav be some valuable timber in the country, but we do not require to build a railroad into it for the sake of the timber. We have an abundance of timber on exist- ing lines of railway, so that the immediate construction of the eastern end of this route is unnecessary." Holding that the country was barren and the climate bad the Liberals neglected it AH the development that has takr.n place has bsen undertaken ia •pite of Government neglect and opposition. Mr. Cl«r8u«'s Testimony This point is made verv piain by Mr. Cler^^ne, who hisesUblishcd greit eater- priseaal the Sault. Mr. Clergue came among us in 1894 in response to the repre- •entations made to him touching the value of the water power at the Sault He •ecared an interest in that power and graduaUy added to his business until it is what we see it-to-day. It was not the Government that opened the enterprises which he is conducting. Speakini; at Owen Sound, Mr. Clergue described the attitude of the Government towards his great undertakings. He said, accord- ing to the report of his speech 1 " Referring to the difficulties in the way of a stranger coming to Canada for the purpose of developing the rich resources of the country— a greater heritage than those of any other country— (cheers)— Mr. Clergue said that when he first came to Canada he met with the difficulty that the ministers in power had no great con- fidence in the country's tesourcei, and he ventured the assertion .that there was not a public man in either Government who possessed the knowledge relative to the resources of the northern part of Ontario which he had gathered. In the {Clergue) office at Sault Ste. Marie were to be found geological surveys and other information which the Government did not posseu, and he was satisfied that if the members of the Government would put on a pair of rubber iMots and co with him into the bush he would convince them of the existence of large areas of tillabte soil and rich deposits of ore and mineral, the existence of which was not credited.'* It was only after the Clergue syndicate had expended millions in discovering valuable natural resources, first pulp wood, then nickel, and then steel on a laige scale, that the " tss Government was driven to recognise what had been accom- plished, and then that Government proceed^ to claim that it had done it all ! History off the Sault Interprises The history of the Sault Ste. Marie enterprises is given in the Sault Ste. Marie Express, (a Liberal paper), of June 16th, 1899, and in Mr. Clergue's speech before the Toronto Board of Trade on April and, 1900. The Sault Express says that Sault. Ste. Marie was incorporated in 1887. " With a population of 3,000 it undertook the development of the water privi- ties of the Canadian side of the St. Mary's rapids, and at the cost of #250,000 flucceeded in completing a water power canal about half a mile in length. This, with the many other expenditures necessary for a growing town, created a very heavy burden for the town to bear, but fortunately it was not to brar it long for the canal had hardly been completed when it was brought to the notice of Messrs. F. H. Clergue, of New York city, and E. V. Douglas, of Philadelphia, who with their associates purchased it from the town in ^ NEW ONTARIO 37 In other branches the system is bad, in that it discouraKes the prospector. Mr. William Mac Adams, a min.nt; engineer, tells the reason why. He savsi " To be abrupt, the mining laws of Ontario are superlatively rotten. New Ontario holds mineral possibilities unsurpassed in the known world. Yet mininr is at a standstill. Where there should be booming camps employing hundreds ana thousands of men, where smelters should smoke, retin«ries flourish, and metal- lurgical industries prosper, thve is still an unhroken wilderness. " The prospector who discovers a ledge is required to immediately survey. This survey may cost anywhere from $ico to $i,ooo in the start out. He must also place assays and specimens of the mineral in the hands of the registrar. Having done all this, he may then make application to purchase the ground. His application goes through a long line of red Upe, and his discovery may be stolea by any one who feels like sidetracking the prospector's location and filling on the ground himself. This system of stealing the discovery from the prospector is, I have been told, the rule, and not the exception, in Ontario. "Should the prospector make the survey, comply with the red tape, and have his application accepted, he is then taxed anywhere from $1.50 to I3 an acre for the ground, and after all that, is required to put up fifty per cent, ol the purchase price of a Crown grant. From that time on he is taxed two per cent, of the revenue from the mine, and is then required to purchase the wood, water power, surface rights, mill sites, tramway rii>ht of way, etc., etc. In fact, he is stood up to a fare- thee- well. " There are a hundred other obnoxious features of the Ontario laws which I might point out ; but a lengthy dissertation is unnecessary. Until these laws are reformed, and unrtl the prospector is given a show in Ontario, the mining business cannot possibly flourish in this province." What is wanted is businesis-like management, and mining in New Ontario will prosper. Colonization The colonization of New Ontario has been neglected. Yet there are sixtec* millions of acres of cultivateable land there, and the climate is not at all what Mr. Ross represents it to he. By this time there ought to be several hundred thousand people settled in the great northern and western tiistricts ; but the lack of attentioa to the colonization question and the handing over of vast territories to corporations have retarded growth. The official reports of the Crown Lands Department give the following startling figures as to settlement from 1890 to igoi, inclusive : Settlers arriving in New Ontario 7. 3ia Settlers now remaining — 2,755 Settlers who have left 4,617 ""^ During the past few sessions the Government has made a spurt. This spvrt, however, consists of giving vast areas of land to railway companies. The grants given in each year are the following : 1899 '.'. 8,075,000 1900 1 ,408,000 1901 3,077,000 Total 6,s6o,ooo The giving away of this land is another part of the " Build up Ontario" policy. Urgent Appeals for Relief From New Ontario the complaints of mismanagement, andNvorse, are very press- ing. The people there cry for Old Oatkrio to rescue them from the rash mismanage- ment and oppression under which they suffer. One writer, speaking for the settlers, said the road building up ttiere is political. " In many instances pioneers have had to live in isolation for years because they were onable to baild the roads which should have been made by the Government." Some roads are built in a fragmentary way where not needed, and are now overgrown. The expense of building the roads by the Government is excessive. " The Scramble rood. NEW ONTARIO sismiletio length, coM ta.Soo, and the Wabigoon portage, jevenmilea long, coit $3,000. '• The cheaper road !• the better of the two. It was built by bn»«nees men, while the foreman ot the Govemmnit road was a political partisan. " I am a Liberal, and have been one all my life," says an old resident of the Sanlt, " but 1 am tired of the corrnption in official circlet. The district is governMl for the benefit of the creatnres of the Goveinment, and iU development is retarded. 1 hirty-ihree ytar s of ihis is loo much. The Government has been in too long. After deicribing ihe evils of the mininr policy, anclher New Ontario resident says in a leiier to ihe piess . " 1 have travelled extensively throufth the districts of Algoma and Nipissine. and have heard but one cry in all places, namely, 'Give ns a braaa monkey for a Government ! Give us a Chirese dog II Give ns anything lor a change. But take avkay the Ross GovetcEent. Lash it a»ay.' " . , . Such are some of ihe appeals addressed by New OnUrio to the pcoidc of the •thcr parts of the province. Progressive Measures Needed Mr. Whitney proposes to introduce progresfive and modem measures in all departments of Ontario's development »oik. The resources of the ctuntry are to be develcpcd by ard for the people. The minirR inteiest is to receive business- like alteniion. It is thought that the freeirg cf the industry from unnecessary embarrassments.an'' the encouragement cf the building of smelters, will give it an impetus, the benefits o( which will be universally felt. Ihe work of settlement u to be so conducted that the settlers will be relieved fiom existing oppressicna. Fair treatment, prcmpt attention to their needs, emancipation frcm a burdensome officialdom, will picmoie these interests and lead to the great agticultural develop- ment to which the province is entitled. ■Mil THE POWER QUESTION * POWER SHOULD BE DEVELOPED BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE MUNICIPAL- ITIES AT COST PUBLIC OWNERSI^ 3 BE ENCOURAGED Advantages of Public Franchises to go to the People At the lut Setaion o( the Legislature Mr. Miscampbell moved, and the Con- •ervative members supported the following resolution, against which the Government and its friends voted : "That in all future agreements made between the commissioners of the Oaeen Victoria Niagara Falls Park and any other person or persons power shall be reserved to the Provincial Government to at any time put a stop to the transmission of electricity or pneumatic power beyond the Canadian boundary and that in the opinion of this bouse the waters of the Niagara River and its tributaries, as well as all the other waters of other streams where necessary, should at the earliest moment, subject to existing agreements, be utilized directly bjrvthe Provincial Government in order that the latter may generate and develop electric or pneumatic power for the purpose of light, heat and power, and furnish the same to municipalities in this Province at cost. Ontario is rich in natural water powers, and the possibilities of electrical develop- ment are enormous. Our position as an industrial province, and the work and the wages of our people depena upon the proper di^^-ibntion and ntilixation^of the power wiUi which nature has favored ns in oar rivers and waterfalls. Power for the Amerioans The Ontario Government commenced its dealings with this important qneelion by truiferring the tremendons water power at Niagara Falls to a United States Company. That company had power interests on the American side, which it developed. But the cower on the Canadian side was not used. It was locked up under the insane policy of the Roaa Government. The result was that great industries were esUbliabed at the American Falls and at BaffiUo, while the Q^nadian industrial interests were aeglortart The sitoatioa was a repetition of the Michigan lu^iber blunder. Mr. Ross gave •verythinR to the AsMricans to the loss of Onurio. After years of effort the Cooserva- tive party has snecasdsd in driving the Government out ol this aDti-Canadian policy Md irdsirM of ralitf is being ssperienced. But the Ross policy is .still a policy iiiii an 40 PUBUO OWNERSHIP of monopoly and restriction. The Government hold* to this policy with the greater tenacity ttecaose nearly all its members are in power companies. Developments for the Future The outlook (or electrical development is very hopeful. Wjlliam Stanley, the engineer who introduced the alternating current, has just announced that it is possible to transmit electricity with a fair efficiency, from a single station, over a territory of 200,000 square miles' area ; or, to put it in another way, over a diameter of 500 miles extent He says, further, that only six such stations would be required to serve the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific. What a magnificent thing it wonld be for Ontario if its valuable water powers were utilized for feeding transmission lines, connecting all the towns, cities and villages of the Province ! The system wonld place our industries in a splendid position. Other provinces have coal. We have some, no doubt, in the far north ; but it is not yet utilized. Electrical power takes the place of coal, and if developed gives us a position not only equal to other parts of Canada, but equal to those manufacturing centres of the United States which have become ^at becanse of the huge coal deposits upon which they were drawn. What made Britain great as a manufacturing country it it was not her rich resources in coal or power ? Important to the Farmers Electrical power will yet be required by the farmer. We are moving fast. The telephone, the electric light and the motor are to be found on farms in the Wester* States. These things add to the comfort of the people and reduce the amount of labour. As the time for their employment approaches what could be more important work for the progressive statesman than the providing of means by which the resources which nature has given us shall be enjoyed by the people ? As far^s possible, says Mr. Misoampbell's resolution, the Government should provide for the development of electrical power and its supply, not to foreigners, but to the municipalities of the Province at cost, for the use of the people of Ontario. miMiBHMMli ■MM How They Rob Ontario THE TAXPAYERS UNFAIRLY TREATED BY THE ALLIED GOVERNMENTS OUR RIGHTS MUST BE PROTECTED Mr. Whitney has taken patriotic ground on the subject of the treatment accorded to the Ontario taxpayer by the allied Federal and Provincial Governments in the matter of railway subsidies. His position was stated in the discussion of the Temis- camingne Railway, which the Ross Government proposes to baild ^t a cost of 92,334,- 000 to the tax-payers of Ontario. The opposition maintained that the railway was a good thing and ought to have been built long since. An active government woaUl have secured it and opened up the Temiscamingue at least ten years ago. The Ross Government did nothing until it saw an election coming, and then it proposed to make as pay §3,234.000 for the line. The opposition moved that the Government, if it could not force the F«df ral Government to build the needed railway, should demand for it the usual subsidy of 16.400 a mile which would reduce our obligation by 9640,000. Unfair to Ontario By the Ontario and the Dominion Governments Ontario is treated with grow nnfaimess on this railway subsidy question. The Ontario taxpayer, according t* the late Provincial Treasurer, Mr. A. M. Ross, pays half the taxes received by the Dominion. The Intercolonial Railway has cost (see Railway report 1901, part 11, page jt), no less than 960,341,425. The interest on that sum is 91,810,243, of which amount the Ontario taxpayer furnishes 9900 000. The road is run at a loss. Last year there was a deficiency of 9soo,ooo Of this sum Ontario paid 9250,000. None of tne Eastern Provinct:~> give subsidies to railways. They get everythiag from Ottawa. The public accounts show that daring the past three years the follow- ing sobaidies have been paid from Ot'.awa : * 1899 1900 '9'>l TOTAL New Brunswick | 98,761 922,930 9 121,691 Nova Scotia 4,500 93t9i400 333 900 British Columbia 2,322.500 340>ooo 2,662,300 gnabec 417,080 104,969 1,263,169 1,885,219 ntario I7«.696 7i.«59 4oa.464 645.3«> Total • 5.638,6a9 Oat of 95.638.628 Ontario received #645,319. Qntarioipays hal(;of t "^ total, eqaal to 9*,8i9,ooo and gets 9645,319 back. The Intercolonial costs the Ontario taxpayers for interest on the invw:auat ONTABIO'S RIGHTS •900,000 a yMr, and for operatiQn 1230,000 or tt.i 90,000 in all. Tb« railway sob- •idiet aro then 10 diatributed that we pay the lion's share and get the anallest retnras. Old SubsldiM Refunded Bat this is not all. The Rose Government aad the Federal Government are ■eapeliing the Ootario taxpayer to pay off old sabsidies granted by the Eastern Provinces before toey stopped the xranting of bonuses. We have paid 1640,000 to Mova Scotia under this head and 1334,000 to New Brnnswicic Farther claims of this character are being pressed. In tiie Quebec Legislature the Liberal Government aanonnccs that it is looking to Ottawa for something like 136,000,000 as refunds to honnscs and increases in Dominion^ grants, and it is going to get the money— in yart from ns. Meanwhile the Ross Government compels Ontario to foot the railway bills aad to giva*away territory as subsidies for roads that ought to be bonused by Ottawa. What We Have Given Wr have incurred a railway debt of $5,850,000. During the past four years the fellewing sutsidies have been voted. •899 $1,592,400 1900 35i>400 1901 307,000 1902 ,,. 706,000 I Temiscamingue Road 2,334,000 •5,090,80* Of territory the Ross Government has also given away for railways : — 1899 acres 2,075,000 1900 " 1,580,000 ^ >9oi " 3,077,000 acres 6,733,000 Ontario gives half for other provinces and all for herself, and the arrangement is ■nJDst. Sir Oliver Mowat said in 18S6 that we ought to have an independent Govern- ment in Ontario to protect our rights, and his view holds good now. It is time to strengthen the hands of Mr. Whitney and to make a protest. Ontarlo'a Railway Polioy Mr. Whitney takes the ground that we must stand up for fair treatment fur Ontario. The Ontario producer and worker ought not to be lazed for himself and for •ther provinces as well. V^ hile the fight for Ontario s rights if in progress, our development must be aided. This can be done at no cost to the taxpayer by making ••advances" to railway enterprises, either as loans or by taking stock in the road. The money advanced can be utilised over and over again in extending railways. whore he people need them. f^M Municipal Riglits THE POWERS OF THE PEOPLE ARE GRADUALLY REDUCED I « APPOINTMENTS CENTRALIZED IN TORONTO Municipal Jobs for Party Politicians Municipal CLovernmeot remains ; but the thirty-year ministry has laboured to reduce it to a nullity by encroaching upon municipal powers and seizing the right to appomt. Local or municipal offices formerly belonging to the people are now the priaesof partizans, who receive them for services rendered to the Ontario Government. The Government has taken to itself power to appoint all local court officials, all license officials, and even to supervise the selection of gaolers. It is now estimated that it'has in its^hands 7,400 places, the income from which is ti. 200,000 annually Political Jobs The appointments are all political, first because they are wanted as rewards for politicians, and secondly because officials constitute a part of the machine and are expected to work at elections. The officials manipulate the party conventions. Mr. McEwing, who was a candidate for the nomination in West Wellington, but waa turned down at the first convention, made a speech in Guelph protesting against thia practice. He said:— -.,..« ■•I have no hesitation in stating that it was the Government official s influence. and the Government official's votes that decided the result in the three last conven- tions held in West Wellington." " By what authority did the officials and some of the party rulers canvas* the delegates against McEwing, and state in doing so that the Government did not want McEwing to be the candidate ? '* It seems that we must say nothing, no matter what we think. Take the historic advice given by that virtuous and classic individual, \'l. T. R. Preston, and hug the auctaine I " The official machine dictates nominations lor the Government and then helps to aondoct the elections. As we have seen iathe liquor license system it taxes licensee* lor political puxposea , and the money thus raised goes over to the machine to spend. M.P.P.'s in Offflo* All the bigger oftcee go to members of the Legislature. They have the first pa g-gZ: iittSii iliMfiiiiiiihi^tti ONTARIO'S RIGHTS because they have voted as the Government has ordered, and have inflnence etill In ihetr respective constituencies. Eighteen tejected candidates have received shrievalties, registrarships or other offices. Fifty-one members of the Legislature, including four ministers of the Crowi, received offices up to the date of the last general election. Since i8g8 the following appointments of M.PP's have been made : ' Campbell South Renfrew Registrar Moscrip South Perth Registrar Baxter Haldimand Registrar Middleton Wentwonh Sheriff Tait North Toronto Osgoode Hall Hardy (Hon. A. 8.) South Brant Osgoode Hall Loughrin Nipissing Registrar This brings the namber up to 58. Jobs with a String to Them Under Premier Ross a new system of appointment has been invented with a view to keeping the offices in readiness for a political emergency. At the last general elec- tion Mr. R. A. Campbell was returned for South Renfrew. In the course of time his seat was wanted for Mr. Latchford, the new Minister cf Public Works. Mr. U. McKay was the registrar of the county. He was called upon to resign his office that Mr. Campbell might be appointed and that Mr. Latchford might get Mr. Campbell's seat in the House. Mr. McKay declined to resign ; but his resignation took effect all the same. It transpired that when Mr. McKay was appointed he had to write out a blank resignation for the Government to act upon whenever party necessities required. In the Legislature Mr. Ross declared that it was quite tight to appoint officials pro tem. -" By the new pro tem. system the Government can keep the officials up to the mark politically, for it can drop them if they do not work for the machine. At the same lime it can hold the 7,300 offices before the politicians as rewards for faithful work. Thirty years of rule has multiplied the offices and has made the public service a branch of the machine. The thing ought to be stopped. Offlciais in Politics The officials are expected to work in'the elections. They are rwiaired to esetrciae all their influence against the people. In the Legislature in 1898 a bill was introduced to stop this. The Government rejected the bill ; but brought in a mild resolnttoa, authorizing the Ministers to reprimand officers who campaign. The resolution was a blind. The officers work all the same and those who are corrupt retain their positioae. This is wrong and the people must put an endJLo it. ; ^^^^MSM Hiilllll The Public Schools Ring Rule and Autocratic Con- trol to be Stopped. The question of education is agitating the people and the teaching protesion. and refcrm is demanded. Vkhen Dr. Ry. on proposed the creation of a Minister of Education he never intended that that official should be an irresponsible and corrupt autocrat. He expected that while the schools would be directly under Legislative coBtrol. there would be fair and reasonable management, and that the system would bedaatic and responsive to the public needs. His wishes have not been carried into cflect. The very thing he wished for has not been obtained. The Ross System Under Mr. Adam Crooks, the first Minister, education received attent'™- But when Mr. G. W. Ross succeeded that minister the ironclad plan was adoptee. Restrictions were set upon teachers. Exercise of discretion and reason was prevented. Factories for the turning out of teachers with the reduction of tneir salaries as the direct consequence were multiplied, the school book and school supply business was Uken over by the Government and turned into a huge monopoly, lor which the people pay. L0L3 and continuous have been the complaints against tDfr fanUs'whicb Mr. Ross has introduced and reform has been urgently called for. Ai the experts in education are on record against the existing inelastic plan. Sir. uaniei Wilson said of t' .tystem that it leaves no room for the exercise of intelligence. Principal Grant says the system in Ontario •' has passed from a state of disorganwa- tion into a worse state of organization under the blind belief that all that was needed was more organization." President Loudon declares that the curriculum is faulty. The child in the public school Is overtaxed by departments of study for whicn nis young mind is totally unfit. In one year n 483 candidates took the examination Wading to teachers* certiBcates when the whole number of teachers required by tne province is 8,465. The examinations are excessive and if a student lags behind in one subject he is held back in all. In 1900, 36,100 candidates were examined and 706,500 ezaminati >n papers were issued. All experts on education demand a change. Change M needed in the system, in the machinery, in the school books, m fact in everything that the place may be modern, up-to-date and suitable to the requirements ot tne cranlry. Kverybody Protests A prominent Ontario man. evidently a teacher who dare not reveal his name. iot the minister would pounce upon him if he did, writes to the Ottawa Journal a severe criticism of the results of the iron-clad Ross system. He says : ••Thirty or forty yeari ago there was hardly a boy or girl 12 or 16 years of ap- Whowatnot wdl trained in spelling, reading, writing and arithmetic. Today the el or boy of 12 or 16 who can spell or read and write and cipher for a quarter ol ait ■r at a time and not exhibit lamenuble failure is ma admirable exception. 46 THB BDUOATIONAL WRONGS " I have evidence of it in the boyt of my own family, who are perhaps bo dollar than other boys of their clasa ; and this in particalar is what Ralls me, that my boys cannot read or write or ipell or cipher after spending years in the public school, bat must go out to begin life's work with an equipment to provoke the sneer of the first business man to whom they may apply for a situation. " There has been far too much jimcrackery in the schools. Where is the saggea- tion or recommendation of the Ontario Teachers' Association which in the last fifiwi years has won the approval of the Minister of Education ? And is any person so •anguine as to hope that any radical reform wiV find favor with the present Miniatar aa iong as' the former Minister is his chief ? " At alt the meetings of the Educational Ai. loe ,a reforms have been advocatad. The autocratic Minister meets these proposals wiin threats. He was so violent in bis assault upon Principal Loudon for speaking freely that the dismissal of that emineat educationalist as a punishment for telling the truth was foretold. The efiiect of the repr^sion of opinion is to prevent a really free expression by the teaching profeaaioa of the prevailing view, yet much is said and earnest appeals are made for reform. Mr. Whitney's proposal to break the antocracy by the creaticm of an advisory committee ia universally welcom"»h«" the eaclusive right to fnrnish readers, and to others a similar right to print other test b!;!,ta In no other country in the world is there such a law. In no other country is ' "rhe*^ fiMt"c"m^la*int arose on the subject of drawing bocks. One firm was authorised to secure them at ten cents each ; another ofiFsred to supply them at fiw cents. The higher price prevailed. In the public schools 350,00 pupils use these drawing books They had to pay $.7,500 a year «»" f°j; '*>«'« '''t'lJ'"'"!...*! gave the publisher who was favored a profit over and above what the competlag tmbliiher wanted of $175,000 in ten years. . „■ ■ r •^ All thr'eaders are in the hands of the monopoly. The cost and selling price of th«i. book, were a. follows for years : ^^^ ^^^.^^ p^.^ ist Reader. Part I ••••• 4-57 [°^- ist Reader. Part II 394 «5C. andReader '<»-77 «5C. 3rd Reader '3 59 3JC. 4thReader '5.8a 45C. Some slight reduction has since been made. But during the first ten yoars the profitsof the monopoly were $1,000,000. . _ . „ j Here are the facts relating to one book, the Fourth Reader : Price 45c«mt«. Cost '• .. Profit "9 Number used in ten years 1,000.000. Profit on 1,000,000 at 29 cents each in ten years $290,000. Guarded by the Government The Minister of Education guards the monopoly with a i^lo"* .'^•; , **J*«*J can invade it. It is so sacred that it cannot be broken. In all the de^rtmeats of education there are text book monopolies.. Some of the books are exceedingly out of date. The public school Geography was recently submitted «<>«»°>'"*"*"- ,i^ showed by illustrations that Canada was a country of log houses and that our popala- tion was much below what it really is. It was "-e story of Canada thirty year, age and this story had to be taught to our children. The education system needs to be emancipated from the slovenly ring-nddeB. 1 man control and the advisory committee of experts must be called in. Smash the Machine A Rotten System Imported from the United States BALLOT BOX STUFFING AND CORRUPTION How the Thing Robs the On- tario Elector Tke machine is a modern invention. Daring the last general Aiectioa it wm eaployed ; and it became very prominent and very active at the bye-elect ions. It ia an imitation of the Tammany machine of New York, and of the machines ni Pennsylvania and Missouri. It derives us money, as do its United States prototypes, from tolls laid upon persons doing business with the Government. Some of the Revelations Efforts have been made to discover the fraads and corruptions of the Ross ■lacbine ; but these have only been partly successful. The crime committed is Ciire- ially covered up as a rule, aAd it is with the greatest difficulty that even a peep at >>• criminal invsntion working in the constituencies can be secured. The machine pays its operators and pays them again to perjure themselves or to go in hiding. Since 1898 the pursuit of the machine has resulted in the unseating of the Government sup •rters in the following constituencies CONSTITUKNCY. NaMB. OFPRNCR. Lennox Aylesworth Corruption by Government Officials East Northnmberland Douglas Corrupti n u.H Whiskey. Nipissing Loughrin Corruption a nd Whiskey. HaltOD .,■..... Barber Votes 1 ought at from 92 to Sio per head. South Perth Moscrip Corruption .11 J Ballot Trickery South Ontario Dryden(Hon.John). . Ballot boa stuffing : bribery by wDolesaie. West Haron..... Garrow (Hon.) Votes from )2 ,to $3 per head Morth Waterloo Brelthaapt Ballot box staffing and wholesale bribery WeaiElgin Macniah Ballot box staffing, per. tonaiiag and wibary. i.'^ SMASH THB MACHINE 49 188 Charf(«s of Corruption In Lennox i88 charge* of corruption and fraud were made and Governmetii officials were accused of wron^-doing. Mr. Ayleaworth, the machine member, reaigned hi* seat rather than stand -> al. Thus the inquiry into the work of the machine there was prevented. At a lai^r trial— in Waterloo— it waa admitted that the ballot box stuffers had operated in Lennox. Nobody was prosecuted. 400 Charges of Corruption In East Northumberland the Government candidate was elected by the machine. There 400 charges of corfnption were made. After two cases had been enquired into the accused resigned the seat. One of the Liberal papers^says the record of the trial was a story of " continuous treating, drinkmg and wholesale whiskey lushing." There were no prosecutions. Corruption by Offfloiaio Mr. lohn Loughrin was the machine candidate in Nipissinr ' " r the election Sheriff Varin declared him duly returned by a majority of 61. Ai »ht niection trial held on November ist, 1898, ?herift Varin admitted that he h t a. .. -tited for only 43 polling sub-divisions out of 45, thus ruling out a large number ot voters. It appears from the evidence at the trial that the Nipissing election was corrupt and that whiskey was used. Mr. H. J. Gilligan, the Crown Lands Agent at Mattawa confessed as follows :— '• I took much interest in the election of John Loughrin and gave liquor to be used on election day : I purchased some six or eight dozen flasks, also some six bottles. I owe about $75 in Papineaa township, all spent for illegal purposes. I owe 93S in Cameron township spent for corrupt practices." Whialioy in the Contest William W. Murphy said he had got $200 of colonization road money on the recommendation of |ohn Loughrin. He gave to voters whiskey supplied by Gilligan, the Crown Lands Agent. Samuel. McVleekin testified that a valise two feet long, six inches high and eight inches wide and full of flasks of whiskey had been left at his house for use on election day in the interests of John Loughrin. He distributed the whiskey among voters. The court unseated Mr. Loughrin and reported as guilty of bribery W. N. Mnrphy, B. J. Gilligan (Crown Lands Agent), and Samuel McMeekin. None of"^ the parties were punished. The Government restored Crown Lands Agent Gilligan to his office and employed Murphy as its colonization road agent. Mr. John Loughrin, in whose behalf the corruption Was conducted, has been appointedfoa tell him r A. I told him I arraagad to have theM people go away. Q. What did he ut ? A. Heiaid"Thaftanright." .„ rv ^ . w *» k Witneae had worked in the Agricultural Department (Mr. Dryden's) in March " and had spoken to Mr. Dryden sbont a'permanent poeition." ^ Horrified the Judges The case was not folly investigated. Bat so far «s it went it horrified the judges. Tndge 0«ler said : . . . . , . u u " It simply revolU me to see a case in which there -does appear to have been a very considerable expenditure 6( money if this little ooening that we have bad tbts morning indicates at all what has been going on in the riding. It revolts me to be obliged practically to stop where the investigators choose to stop with the reporting of afew truling creatnrea who would uke ts. But the court is helpless." Mr. Justice Rose added : ...... ^ 1 *' In the present case it seems to me manifest that there has been a general schen^e and much mosey spent, and that the seat can no longer be held by the respondent." ^ •> Nine of the operators were reported by the judges as guilty. »' ong them " Cap. Sullivan and Sim Hewitt. They were no^ punished. One " Cap." Sullivan is in the employ of the Government Pritchett Was There The election'\^rial, however, did not touch upon the ballot box staffing, the switching and spoiling in the interesU of Mr. Dryden. On this subject John G. Pritchett, a machinist \«ho(»erated in the other constituencies, has made a confession. Pritchett was a member of the Uberal Association of London, and was an expert. He swears in an affidavit given on December 29th. 1899 : a , ■ *• From my experience in the varions Sections I formed the opiniqp that elections could be more eanly won by manipi^ftion of the ballots than by buying votes." For the Soath Ontario electron Pritchett, owing to his experience, was called in byjcdin O'Gorman to "help to elect Mr. Dryden." In Toronto he swears he mw Alexander Smith, the chiM Government orgar.izer, who sent him on to Whitby. Fnrn Whitby Smith despatched him to Port Perry to meet Threlkeld. another organist, who was to introduce him to the Deputy Returning Officers. At Port Ferry he was given the names of some of these officials. One of them he educated in the art ofo^ling" ballots. "He practiced it a while," says Pritchett, •• and said he would try it again at home. He left me saying he would do a few "^ * Instructions In Fraud The <■ spoUing of balloto " is thus described by Pritchett : . ^ ^ " So often as a deputy wishes to spoil a ballot he selects one properly marked on behalf of the other party and while looking at it and holding it he makM a mark or scroll upon it with a bit of lead secured under the thumb nail of his right hand. Any nark will snit his pnrpoee, for he himself is to be the jndge whether or noi it spoils the vote." „ ^ .. Pritchett conducted his educational work kt Port Perry, and says he was sent by Jamas Vance, a third organizer, to Myrtle and to Pi:kering. At Pickering he met a Mr. Richardson, a Government official, to whom, as be was to be a deputy returning officer. •• I had explained the methods of manipulation." " We agreed, adds Pritchett in his affidavit, •• he coald easily handle ten in his division I anbse- qneBtly. at Qshawa, an official whom be had interviewed at Myrtle came &n under orders lorinstructioiM. "I ibowad him," he says, •• how to spoil and slip ballots. He practiced it and saoetaded vary mtU. Ha said he would keep at it until election day, and woald do aUhacoold." mr. 52 SMASH TED MACHINE (, Prestoh Was There Pritchett swears that W. T. R. Preston, formerly LagisUtive Librarian, and i,ow Immigration Oommissicner in Engtend, was present. He says he got from Mr. Pre«ton money, which he distributed for bribery— »a per head— ^d that Mr. Alex. Smith paid him for his services. Ballot-StufHng in West Huron West Huron was passed over to *the Ross machine in the Federal bye-election of February 21st, 1899. and ballotMx stnffing'was practiced. The trands were dis- covered from the figures. In No. 3, Goderich, the Conwvatives ueually have a major- ity, but this time 60 voted and onlv 32 were conntef^. In No. 4, Colborne, 40 voted, and-only 30 were counted. Investigation into the c ime was begun at Ottawa, but was stopped by the Government. John G. Pritchett swears that he was employed to teach balljt-bcx stuffing, spoiling and switching, and that young men were brought to him by the dozen to learn how to cheat for the Government. Corruption for Ross The provinci»l election in West Huion was more noted for its corruption than for its ballot box stufifing. Tue trial took place in June, 1899. Hon. J. T. Garrow, Minister without Portfolio in the Ross Government, was the candidate. It was proven that Alex. Smith, J. J. Trelkeld, Walter Vanstone, Jas. Vance, Cap. Sullivan, J. T. Linklater, etc , and a host of other organizers \*ere present. The constituency was mapped oft into divisions, and an organizer, with assistants, was placed at each point. " Cap. " Sullivan, who is an official under Hon E. J. Davis in the Crown Lands Department, went by the name of "Roberts." His proceedings and those of Linklater formed the chief feature of the judicial enquiry. Peter Deai ■' Hon. J. M. Gibson and Hon. E. J. Davis, on the nth of April in a meeti-g at the Walper ITouse for the purpose of allaying some party differences, promised in speeches to send speakers and organizers into the riding to help the Liberals ia the coming election." j ^ l m.- • When the contest opened the " organizers" promised by the Ministers attended as agreed. ■duoation in Fraud The candidates were Mr. Lackner (Conservative) and Mr. Breithanpt. Two courses of procedure were pursued by the machine. One was the manipulating of the ballots, the other the bribing of the electors. . j » »> For the manipulation of the ballots special experts were introduced. A R. Shantz testifies that he was poll clerk at No 2, Berlin. He wa« taken by one Wild- fong to Thomas Lewis of London, who was an organizer. He say* : •• Lewis sat down and proceeded to tell m« what was to take place. He said ibey proposed to pay f 5 for every ballot spoiled or switched. He took op a pieos of papcrr and put a piece oi lead into his thumb and showed us how to pick the b^ot upio that when seen it was a spoiled ballot. He showed me how to switch ballots also ud said MUlfaMB SUASH THE MACHINE 53 they would be worth the same. He said be could not pay for any more than 20, so that tioo wat the limit a man might make. '• Wildfong told itie Harry Cummings was in it." Protected by the Government Sbantz proceeds to say that those officers who committed frauds would be prc- tected by the Government. •• Lewis laid we would be protected from trouble and that " they " wo'-' ' protect us. I asked Lewis as to what would be done if there was a recount. He said we would have too large a majority for a recount." In Nprth Waterloo the machine provided officers with little bottles of cement with which to fix bits a' pencil under the thumb nail for ballot spoiling purposrv Shantz acted at'No. a, Berlin, at which Harry Cummings was deputy. The - four votes werftspoile|^ and 21 were switched. IWinlster Davie Interferee * With respect to Cummings John McDougall, the returning officer, testifies that he had dismissed him, but that Hon. E. J. Davis insisted upon his reinstatement as deputy. He says: " Hon. E. J. Davis asked ma why I did this, and further said ' If that boy was your son how would yon feel if he was put on and then takr < off again. ' It was after that I reappointed Cummings but not for that reason." This was the lecond interference by Mr. Davis in the fraudulent election. The first was whe> - promised to send in organizera. The frauds where proven to have bean wid'' ' By the court Cnmminga and Wildfong were found guilty ; bat they ^ ware not >'- ^ ifor two years and theathey escaped. The guarantee of protection given by .^ Government agent, was observed. Brought Home by the Meohlne In its jadgmant the conrt said : " The cotttnd and wy^g— t"* of the canqpaign was taksn ont of local hands by tha witnaaa Smith, rapreienting the Reform AaKiciatioB. He and those asaocUted with him aoBght aad obtained ontaida skilled asaiatance, and it was throngh them that Lewis cane into the riding. He came and remained, and waa throoghoat actively ennged, aa I fbd, ia worUaii in the raapondenf a interest, with the knowledge and approve aad upon aome onderstaadiag with the witneases Smith and Vance, and was MBof tboavaaaodatad with Smith ia eOecUag the mooadent's elaction." Thna the reapoaaibility was brought hone to beadqnartera. •80,000 Spent by the Government CocraptiOB waa also practiced on aa daborate acala. Henry aiantz sweara that Lawia aomed hkn to bar votaa at $5 per head. Lawia said to him : " I b5Sf« yoB'ra afraid yoa vroa't gat tha noner. We have 130,000, and we have SaOfOOO nora to gM— aad the moaey came firom the Goverameat. The money waa (Qit oa the taUaTa two Mg bnachea. It was paper moaey. I5. f 10 aad lao so ••Lawto" haaddad "ofirad to give aat5» vote; wecoold give the votera what waBkad." A large aambar of peraoaataatified to the bribery. Amoag them was one Albeit Boaaard. AiMWrd waa a hotel koMer, aad waa ragaged to diatribata the cash. HmwM (Globot Sept. aard. 1899) the bar." nw mmmv^, — -—J MIgagad L- _- ■ That begot tsoo, with farther soiaa. to spead over oar. It waa iHrorea that " orgaaiaera " pamaatad the constituency and that money Bowed freely. While the seat waa vacated ao punithmenu for corruption were sought by the Government. Rewarded for Bribing Boaiard.wbo was introduced to Simon Snyder, the President of the Reform AaaodaUon by Mr. Devitt, the license iaapector, as •• a man who might be useful. iilM m ii L^a iJBm mm -7-9T 54 SM#t«" THB UACHINS received ui exteiwion o{ his liquor license from three monthe to' a year, end ma afterward! given a licenae at PeneUngaiebene. The licenae fraacbiae ia tbu uaad by theouchin. Th« W«t tlgln Horror Crime was employed by the Government in the carrying of Weet Elgin. Mr. Macnith, the Government candidate, confesNd on Jane 36, 1889, as follows : 1 That a large number of persons were esprcially sent into the constitnency by men working on behalf of the Liberal party for the express pnrpMe of taking nart on Mr. Macnish's bshilt in th« election held Jannarv lath, 1899, and we believe that fraudulent and corrn,-it means were used by some of such persons to secure hiS 2 That some of the said persons illegally and without authority acted As deputy returning officers at the said election and in at least three cases so acted in the nam« of reputable local men, having, under assumed names, been introduced to the return- ing officer by local agenU of Macniah. , ^ ... * ^^ ' 3. • That in many of the polling sub-divisions of the nding ♦here were grave ir- regularities connected with the return of the ballpt boxes and theb contents, the voting, and the counting of the ballots tberc^^L 4. That there were large numbers of persons brought into the riding tor tbe ezpreu purpose of personating legiUmate voters, and assisted by some of Mr. Mac- nish's local supporters such persons did personate qualified voters in voting for Mr. "5. That tbe declared number of votes lor Mr. Macnish largdy exceeded the number oi bona ide votes caat for him. . .. ^. . ^ , , . 6 That a large number of balloU cast for Mr. McDiarmid were in some ne&rioas and corrupt manner manipulated, whereby the result of the dec^ion was rendered doubtful, and in this connecUon the voting at Shedden and Middlemarch and in several divisions in St. Thomas, where said strangers so acted l : impaty returning officers, merits special mention. .^ ^ » 7. That there are goad reasons to believe that there are many specific and well authenticated cases where agenU of Mr. Macniah concealed at their homes some of those strangers, who there paid large sums of money to electmrs to induce them to vote 8 That Mr. Macnidi will forthwith ddiver to the Speaker of tbe Legislative Assembly his resignation as a member thereof for the said dectoral district. Witness: (Sgd.) Domalo Macmisb. Sgd.) A. B. Aylbswoutr. Boslnning of tho Frauds The election was opened by Mr. G. W. Ross who ddivered speeches in the con- stituency, announcing that be was bent upon " buUding up Ontaria" Four other cabinet ministers participated. Then Mr. W. T. R. Preston, who bad been Govern- ment librarian, entered tbe riding accompanied by Alex. Smith, Tames Vance, and a number of organisers, including Cap. SulUvaa and D. F. Macdonald. Goveramnt officials, and many persons unknown. Mr. Preston spoke at St. Thomas and said of tbe machinisu : " Mot a wf" among them but has come here openly and at bis own expense and out of the love of tbe cause of good government. When this daction is over our oppontnts wiU not be able to put a finger upon any act of wrong doing." After the election Mr. Preston tdegrapbed Mr. Macniah as follows : "Toronto, January i«th. i9nf " Donald Macnish, St. Thomas. , w , . w -.i. •• Heartiest congratulations. Sorry to the bottom of my heart I cannot be with "on to-night. "To be supported by such a noble army of workers, should make yon tbe proudest man in Ontario. Shake hands with the boys for me, and bug the membert of (be much-abused threshing machine tar Auld Lang Syne " PlBtTON." SMASH THB MACHINS ss Mr. Pwrton wm on the toUowing d.r •l?*'"'^ J7J5".''!l'r'i«?nS^^ Immiiiratioii CommiMioMr to England at a salary of $3,000 a year and eapenaet. His nlary has since been increased to ts.ooo. DIsoovary of th« Frauds The figures of the election surprised the people of West Elgin On enoairy itj»as hmJithtt^tane oollint olace. No. 6, South wold, 104 voters had voted for Mac- DuSiid bS ?hit Ws^hl^been c;.«nted. At ««• 4. So«hwold 84 s^ tbj^r hXoUd ; but only ^2biA been counted. At No. 7. St Thoin«. 9. had v«ed, but only 80 had been counted, while there were 36 more than usual ~»««««»^„*Jf5Ni8h. ^ sort^ tWM prevailed throughout the riding. In addition, the bribery had been JSiS^wdbSyKuty returning officers had^n employed und«|^^ Onls^eerwas DnaeM Bole, who operated as R. B. Stafford. He was * Govern- »e«t fcS.STffiS2? and immigration H?«t. brought by the m«:h ne ^om the Sank. i?hisT"inK P»«» »4 d«tors voted for Mr. MacDiarmid. and only 4«J»"« counted terth^ candidate. Proceedings were entered against him, but the Government Su2d to^Sure. buJ^helncriminating ballots, and eventually got him oft /SMhiTv^ Martin Cahill, who operated at No. u, St. Thomas, as Albwt S. MonSSSS.^awmiitted frauds, ani-caped t-rough the burning of the ballott and the refusal of the Government to pcosecuM. at^ttnrA Still another stranger acted at No. 4. St. Thomas, under the name of SttatfOTd. He liSiuSSd famd?^ was not pursued. Thomas Coleman introdnc^ *!iSSd "stratlbrd' to the sheriff for appointment Coleman has since been appointed "«?o•Si"G'!Shtt^S":X't^•na«eof Marshall B.Ioh«^^^^^^ wold. He has taken an affidavit declaring that he was empfoyed to g5 m and commit frmnds Md that he ■« slipped " nineteen ballots thus producing a majoritvfor Mac- Wsh w^MttataTndidattW really in a minority. Pritchett was paid for hwser- ^'; luSlwo a nSnth to remain out of the country until the trouble had blown over. Burning the Ballots When the frauds were discovered the ballots were the chief evidence *«»«»**• macWwrThe- were burned in the Parliament »>J>»«»!.«!P >1 ?«»»»?«=»,?"X^,PS* ^Tn«s^ One of the officers who took part in the •' accident^ """'"ll^lS* **S; SSnyTas James Robertson. His «l«ry.^meMeng« w« fc«« before the ballots were burned. It has since been raised to $600 by the Government. * Bsoapa of the Collty No punishments have been inflicted. All the guilty parties have -cap^- I" ord« to wd in the escape, the Government anwinted a commission to enquire into ?hJ de^ion. This coSSssion was restricted tJan investigation of the acu of deputy JSirSt offioia UdS^vered that there had been irregularities, but found no one gnilty. ■•wards All Round The Government has rewarded persoot coanected with toa dection as ftdlows : W. T. R. Preston, who managed the election. Immigration Commiseioner in EngUmd, "13,000 a year at first, 15,000 a year now. D. F. Maodonald, organiser, re-appointed Forest Ranger and inspector of Timber Limits. Thos. Coleman, who introduced a Deputy Retarning Officer to Sheriff, appointed License Inspector. James Robertson, who burned the balloU by mistake, given a raise of lioo a year in ranlary. ■kMPMpii |M" m 56 SMASH THB MACHINB Cost of tho Frauds The public accounts give the cost of the frauds as follows : 1899— New Elections 9 5>570 ^i Election trials 739 63 1900 — Elections ii9o^ 07 Election trials 1,984 37 West Elgin Commission 7,374 18 1901— Elections i>S72 94 Total •19,14990 Operations In London The machine also operated in the last London mayoralty election. It stuffed nearly all of the ballot-boxes, and one of its agents, Norton, was committed to the Central Prison through the action of the mnnicipal authorities. Smash ths Machine The perpetrators of these outrages are at large. They are protected by the Gov- ernment. Tney are even rewarded for robbing the people. While the luchina Uvea it will prosecute its nebriont work. The people on^t to destroy it. They ought to insist upon British liberty. They' ought to Smash the Machine ul*^^:; A Poor Excuse V Unfounded Claims that the People Have Been Favored ? § In tt^y to the charge that it hasancroached upon municipal revenues, the Govern- ment baa pat forward a claim that it ha* nvan large sums of money to each county as a fovonr to rdieve it of expenses that would otherwise &1I upon the people. The response to this is made clear from the Government ddfence, namdy, its camp^gn pus^et. On page iii the amount of money it has received is set forth as follows: From Dominion Govemmentv I 30,024,865 From Crown Jutnds •■• 35<05if83S From Liquor Licenses (taken from the municipalities) 6.3*ii '47 Fmn Succession Duties (taken upon estates).... 6iSoo 802 Raveaoefiram Prisons > 2>584->73S Revenue from Educational Institutions 1,520,2x5 1x02,063,599 No laaa than •102,063,599 has been derived by the Government in revenue from the paopte. There are 2,000,000 inhabitants in Ontaria The Government has thus had 950 per head. In its campaign bo(dc it givea the amount it has spent in each county. TtaefoUow- ing table deate with each county. The first column of figures shows the population of eadi in 1899 according to the mmkipal statistics. The second shows how much the Government says it has spent in each county daring thirtjr years. Tbe third shows how much at fso per heaa each county was entitled to receive :— y Population. Brant 33,433 Bruce Ao9S Carieton 89^3 Dufbrin ^ 31,267 Dnndas 18,977 Durham 37.696 Elgin 41,064 Esaea 53.974 Frontenac.. 39.636 Otengarv 19,409 Grenvilw 19,112 Grey 64,659 Haldimand 29,943 Halton I9i449 Hastings. 56,387 Huron 60,780 Kent. 33.667 Receivad. I 768,232 827,679 i,x8x,558 193.309 283,210 5S3.«*» 833.909 803,269 944.706 3io.»7» 35»3x2 9«7fi57 409.735 401,853 890,269 99».o83 834.540 Paidinatl50 per bead.- f 1.672.750 3,944.750 5.280,150 1.063450 948.830 1,383.800 3,053.300 2,798,700 1,981,800 970,4"' 935.600 3.333.950 1,047,150 973.450 3.8x9,350 3.039.400 2.683,350 g^ 58 XmVOTTNDSD GLADIB PopnUtioa. R«sd^ ^i^*'^ UaabtM S3.I79 9*0.5*9 a^sS.950 Lraark 33>« «n.73o *.793.30o Lnaosaad AddiBftoB... 3304a 49>.io7 i.i33>93 853.381 3.364.650 Pad 30,738 470.758 1.036.800 Partk 48.544 833.643 3.4x7.300 PMorboro^ 34469 S47>38i 1.7^3450 Pratcott 34,673 337.659 1.333.650 Prince Bdward....^.... 17.085 383,367 854,350 RumU 16,555 x8s,i8c 837,750 Ronfrm 49.838 600.496 M9I.990 Siocoo 78.141 1.334.310 3.907.030 Victoria 'i9-6t3 6x8,949 x.480,600 Waterkw 53.367 755>i33 *.6i8.350 Welland 39.9B3 603.480 x.499.i5o WeUioRton 55.37X 1,036,568 3.768.590 Wantivorth 78.183 x.635478 3.909.390 Yofk 35I.273 4.587.«78 13,563,650 Algoma 13,745 617,714 637.330 Mnskoka 18.07$ 339.013 603,750 Mipisnag 14.45X 363.839 7*3,550 Pacry Sound 15,45* 304443 » 77a,600 TbandarBay 6J603 310.339 330.150 Maaitonlin 6,176 7^334 308.800 Haliborton 5<767 097 a43>"o 354,850 It will be noticed that the Government, accordiiw to iu own argomoat, has ^vea back far lew than the people of each connty have paid to it. MR. J. P^HITNEY Ontario^s Leader in this Historical Crisis The leader of the Coneervative party of Ontario, Mr. Jamea Pliny Whitney, has been before the people of the Province at a member of the Legitlatare for 14 years. During that perwd hi has devoted himself with energy, oonraffe and ability to the poUic bosineas. He has been constant in his attendance upon the sittings of the Ls^slatnre at every sotsinn He has pat new lits into the Provincial Conservative party. He has 'shown a vigor and straightforwardness in deding with political issnes that are refreshing. He has pi^ved himself not a man of words only, bat prepared to carry oat in deeds the political princij^ he professes. No one serionsly doobts that in a f^ wislin he will be Premier of bis native Province. Having ins|rired confidence while in Opposition aa a man of his word, no doabt is Cdt of his giving to Ontario what he is pledged to iatrodoce— dean, honest, vigoroos, intelligent Govemmeat. His Karly Gar««r Mr. Whitney is of English sstractioB. His forebears emigrated to this continent in X640. and h» father, the late Richard L. Whitney, settled on a farm in the coanty of Dundaa. There yooag Whitney was bom in 1843. As a lad he assisted in the active work of the bra. and thoogh sabfeqaently mtanng the profession of law, is no strattfsr to a^ricaUnral porsoits. He wks sent to the coanty town of Cornwall, in StonB«»t, to complete hts education at the famoas Grammar School, one of the oldest and bast in the Province, where so many prominent mea like Sir John Beverler Rob- iuon. Chief Tastioe McLean, and Chancellor VankoMdhnet were trained. On leaving school yoang Whitney began the stody of law in the office of Macdottald ft Madennan. the senior member ot which firm was the Hon. John Sandfidd Macdooald, Premier of Ontaria The jronng law stodent attached himself to the political cause of his chief, and became a Mvotad foUowor and friend of that able sUtesmaa. Althongh the balk of Sandfielcl MacdonaWs sopportars in the first Ontario Legislatare were Consarva- tivaa, SandMd himself, as every one knows, was a Liberal of the scho^ of Robert Baldwin, and his was a CoalitiMi Ministry. Yoong Whitasy was of the same political stock, bat ^iriwo Sandfield Macdooald's Reform supporters deserted him and drove » him into the arms of the Cbaaamuve party, many of his peraooal admirers followed him tbm, aad yoaag Whitaey thus became doaely idwuified with that par^, to which ia after lUe Iw haa eoatinaoaslT'aad loyally adhered. The foct that SaadfieM Mac- doaald loat office aad died a dia^poiBted a»a ia Oppositioa, would aatnrallir have ae etRKt mon those of hia peraraal sopportars i^ose fiddity aad diaiate r es t ed n ese were to be coaated apon. Afier thadeatti of Sftadfield Macdoaald ia itTa. Mr. ¥^ta«r, beiag neither a time-server aor aa office-hoatac. attached himsdf evm aiare dosoy thaa before to the Coassrvatives, who were sooa oat of office both ia the Proviace aad in the Domiaico, with ao fovors to bestow aad ao proq^eeta of su c c ess to allare. Uiw and Polltios In Dundas Mr. Whitaey was called to the bar Baster term, 1876, aad in the following year, \': ^■iiiii k 6o ONTARIO'S ORBAT LOADER i' I 1 haviai inarri«d Min Alka Park, daughter of the Ute WilliMn Park, a imU. known ciliMn of Comwali, ha ratnnwd to hia nativa county of Dnndaa, and haiaa tba pvac- - lioa ^ law at MorridMirg, whera he atill raaidea. That hia aartieat pdiucal aMtvltiea btooght him into aM oc t al loa with aa diatinguiahad and elaar-aightad a itateamaB a* Saadli«M Macdonald waa a Cortanaie circnmatanca. The polity of llie first Premier of Onurio waa that of economy, strict inle^ty, and prograaaivaaeaa in provincial ailairs. He believed in leaving party politica aa far as poiatble ior the Federal arena. Upon the ideas he advanced and the cash snrplns he accumiUated, hia so called Liberal successors lived for many a year. That he waa a Liberal in the Ontario sense to-day, is inconceivable. A few years ago in the Leg i ala t are. when some one calmly claimed Sandfield Macdonald as a Liberal, Mr. Whitn^ qnicUjr started to his feet and said : ** Mr. Speaker, it is one of the most extraordinary things I have ever heard, that members of the party which honaded the distingaiabad s ta t esma n to his grave now claim him ibr one of themadves. Having bad a persoaal acquaintance with Mr. Sandfield Macdonald, I can say that the former Premier of thia Province had not a aingle aspiration in common with the Reform party of to-day." BleotMl to th« L«cistetur« In the county of Dnndaa, aa the yeara paaaed on, Mr. Whitney took an increaaingly prominent part in politica on the Conservative side, and when the Ontario Lcgialatare waa disserved in iW6. and a gaiMral dection announced for December 30th, he was selected as the party candidate. Opposed to him waa the redoabtable Dr. Chamber- lain, now in the Provincial service, like so many other es-M.P.P.'a rdected by the people. The conteat waa a cloae oae, and the Coaaarvative candidate toond himself Miund by 35 votes. But it aooa appeared that even thia sbmU majority waa the result of bribery. An election trial raaalted, and Dr. Chamberiaia waa naaaatad for bribery by agents. A bye-eiection fellowad on Janoary 3tat. 1888, and Mr. Whitney was trioa^thantlv retnmed. Dtradaa has ever ainee elecMd its clever sob by larger major- itiea, and win soon, aa tba reward at ita fideiitjr and foceaight, have the satimctiaa of baiag r e prese n t ed by the Premier of the Province. With diaractaristic conrafe and regard Cor clean daemons, Mr. Whitney pr o aa c n t ed aevard of the offenders in the dection of 1886, and three or four of them were cmtvictad and fined. ll«fortns th« Anti-k^^llMry Law Out of hia own aap e cl en c e mrew hia afntatioB in Hha La^datn^ that caaas of flagrant bribery in elactwiia shoold bo paniwiablo by impriaoomaat aa wdl aa fine. SeaakM after aaaaioB ho foo^t to have htt bill on thia sabject adopted, bat a solid Gov. enmaot majoritr votod it ft>wn. Finally, obearving that public opfaioo waa strongly babiad tba nMoiber ta* Dnndaa, the Govommeat awallowad their toraarooBraa, par- tially adopted hie views, and iaoorporatad them ia the law. With the asa^ pattiaasa which has marked ao moth of tba Govoramaat's poliw, tbay dodiaed to acoapt Mr. Whitaejit'a bill, hot adoptad oaa of their owa oa eiaetqr the aaaw Uaaa. Ttaay coald thoa say that the reform was aot Mr. Whitaegr's, bat tbair's I Another ^iaode ia hia early pelitied exptfieace, of ^Mcial iaportaaoo to^y, waa bis aj^oaare ot the Govaraiaaat'a trickery oa the tampeirawae qeeatioa. la 1886 the Scott Act was in force in Dmulaa coonty. Mr. Wbitaey, baiag wHUac to |dv« tem- paraace kcislation a trial, had a a pportad aad voted for the Scott Act Bat like tfaooaanda of others, be loat coafidoaco ia its a fl a cti ve a aai. owiag to the bad fUth of' the Govenuaeat. Heionad— and afitarwardsprovodia the Lagialatara— that the 966tt Act was used aa a pditfcsl weapoa. was aafocced or not eafoccad aatbe oaifBaciaa of Grit polilica required. A retara of coavietioaa ia Daadaa n r e saa ted to the Iisgiaiatnre showed how the dodge waa worked. It diansted the locu tamperaaco worms, and hdped to elect Mr. Whitney. To-day, after the lapaa of fonrteea years, the arch, hnmbag of the temperance cauae. Mr. Roes, vrtio by load profesaio» and clever jagglery. kept the t e mper a nce peofde quiet for so many yeara, haa beaa oUigad to d»w mmseif ia the open as a mare pwty wira-paller. posaassing aot even the courage of coaviction. \In 1903 Mr. Ross's taoiperance friends at last know wbtn he is. \ Kleet«d Con««rvatlv« LiMder Mr. Whitney had been nine years in the Legidatore when he was unanimously / ONTARIO'S OR3AT LBADBR 6i /> 4 r_ ' ?W- i_ ,■.■ >; :»"? .^ * '.. r chown leader to encceed Mr. Matter wbo reiif nad. The maipber for DandM, darioft these nine year^ bad been staadily makina hU way at an indwtrioQa and able ram. tentative. Ha had bean noted aa a faithfnl critic of puMic bnainaei : bad made M- ' qnent vigorena auoecbea, bnt with wdl-known modetty of dispontion had need none of the arts of aelf advortiaenent to pnth hinuetf to the front. He had become a clow peraonal friend of the Conaervative leader. Sir WUiiam Meredith (now Chief JnMice) and for that geatlaman'a rectitode of character, and chtvalroua regard for the amentiea and the duties of paMic life had evinced the warmest admiration. Ottmonstratlon In Dun«las Upon Mr. Whitney'a selection as Conservative leader at the close of the session ol i8q6 he was given an evidence of the respect and regard felt for hin. < • his native county by men of a'l shades of opinion. On returning to Morrisburg a public demons- tration, strictly non-political, took place, the presiding chairman being Mr. J H. ^;1 'xle, a prominent Reformer. In the address preMnted to the new leader occurred '. i»' following passage : " Your coarse has been closely watched by yoor many friends in Eastern Ontario, and it Is with pleasure they seek this opportunity to express the hiRh esteem in which yoa are held, not only as a public man. but also as a citizen of the old Eastern District which has given ac many pioraineni men to Canada." This was satisfactory testimony coming from this community where he was best known. For twenty years he had lived in Unndas, and his whole career, both as a citizen and a politician, was known to the people in whose midst he had resided. The tribute was therefore as sincere as it must have been gratifying. The new leader at once set himself to the onerous duties of the post. The general elections were scarcely a year and a half distant. He was still unknown to a great number of the people. He at once began to define his position in public affairs, and to reveal bis own personality. Th« Election of 1898 The campaign preceding the contest of March, 1898, was one of the mos memorable in the history of Ontano. Mr. Whitney addressed many meetings throughout the Province, about 100 in number, from Glengarry to Algoma. This arduous political work, in all weathers, over great distances, called for physical exer- tions and mental strain which only those who realize the magnitude of the task can appreciate It laid the foundations of the success which Mr. Whitney subseqnenOy scored and it established his reputation as a man of determined courage, industry and principle. He warned the people against the consequences of giving a party already 27 years in office anoth-ir term of power. The political humiliations of the past four years show how true the warning was. There is every reason to believe that the people heeded the warning. If the machinery of the law had not been corruptly and systematically violated the Government would not have survived by the narrow majority it did. At the dissolution Mr. Whitney went to the country with 24 followers in a house of 84 members. He emerged from the struggle at the head of a party of 43 It was a magnificent personal triumph. For a leader of only two years' sunding it was a remarkable result. The Ministry's majority of ao to 23 was practically wiped out. The Legislature Of 1808-1902 Mr. Whitney had now to show that he could lead his party through one of the moM trying ordeals that befoll any set of men.— a period of undeserved defeat, of nnreatrained abuse by their opponents, of unblushing corruption by a desperate Government. Like hungry wolves the Ministerial forces, seeing their enjoyment of patronage about to disappear, fought to retain it. They resorted to an elabmate system of frand to carry tae bye elections that ensued. By thsM means they ^iwd a very few seats, enough nominally to jnsttfy retention of the spoils of olBoe, bat at a price to the good name of Ontario, and the Ubnral party which is vastly deploiad ay all honest men. Daring these yews Mr. Whitney has continoed his vigoroos. luicoM- ing warfare against the nefarioos practices of worn-out politicians. In return he has bMn sabjectia to that old and famUiar ^ecies of attack which all the ConservaUve (i Miiii m 6a ONTAHO'S ORBA i LBADIJR tfreaSirJobmllaedoMMdowa bu had to -mi from ^Mirt I MnoMl viUiCcatiM. Hk pwty bav* imUM rovad him nud !c kia. Dwri^ Ito ■mifiB of ilggt aa a noogntioa of kia Mrcna < » political t^on, tlM CoManraiivo maaBiian of tho Lag M af r a pvweotatf kta with a aiMalflrant fold ivateli, ekaia and ainat riag aa a tolMa oltkoir paraoaal favurd. aad di^M tiM tacaat nwion of 190a. aftar a froah oampaiga ol low akoM fcoa tba Orit gnaadlinci, ha waa tho gaaat at a gaaat baaqaot in rorooio Rhwa in h» I attaodod oy tba Copaarvativo laadara of tho Oominioo aad tha Proviaoaof < aad by ovar mo |>raiBiaaat Cooaarvativaa fireai all tactioaa of Ootario. Mr. WWtaajr made a aplaadid apaech to tUa gathariac tall of vitality, political laaight, and aocoarafa- nMBt to loven of Rood govarnaaat. Th« Man mn4 NIs VI Ha is la politics aa in aodal lift Mr. Whitn«r ia koowa aa a nan of hia word. atraigbtiorward to tba point of Moataaaa aad what ha aaya ho baUavaa. It la 1 ' ing both in public and privata liia to daal with oaa who knows bis own a^nd aad is not afraid to apaak it. Evan by thoaa who oiay not altogatbar agraa with bis viaw of tba qoastioa, nis position on the Prohibiliea ant^ Rafsrandoa Bill haa callad forth gaherally aapraased praisa. Mr. ). W. Flavalla, ooa of tha moat aamaat taasparaoee man in tba Province and a prominent Methodist said : •• I give anaqnivocal support to Mr. Whitney in the poaitioa ha baa ukaa, that the remedy ap|diaUe to the preaant sitnatioa is a farther raatrictkm of Uc cn sa s aad the iaarleaa admtniatratk>n of tbe law. I am glad to know that we have in pmblic life aa a leader of one of the great partiaa in tbia Province a man who ia not afraid to state bis boaaat convictions withoat bodging npon an important meaaara." Mr, Whitney believes in a pnblic man letting the peofrie know where be atands on a anbject, be the political conseqnenoaa what they may and aa he baa said br tbiaka a man should be '* honest enoagb to be bold, bold enough to be boneat." Mr. Whitney ia a militia man and wears a medal for five months' active service on the frontier in x866 He ia an Imperialist of the schotd of Sir John M a c do n al d and staunchly Canadian in hia sympathies and aims. 1^ ^ -*'■'■"- .ii- -■ INDEX H Agrieakani CoUega. Miiustar of . CommMtr flkOB. : 3 . a6 .. »7 Beet Sonr Bomb Ballot Bi» StaiKers ia SottUi O tario. " " r Nor^ U Atari • W«M Elgin.. '• , " , " West Huron. . " •• '• London Cooked Accamtt^- The Frauduien! Clone's (Mr. TflBi ...my Cokniization Nejj^locted.. ..*». ,.«. Cmruption by Tm Maciiine 1 sbt — Ht»w it ha.s Grown I iroct Ta^M Proposed. .. Piyiiim* Dakota ' :.uich . . Edt>' itio^i Wrongs .... y .«r — V rk Foi Cheapt Trmrt' ortation For Go< Ro84s O; u\i, Growincr ■ sifatys.., Mnckinc ind its Wot k . MMibers Unaeated Michigan Log Question . . Million Dollar Grant Mir; ^Is MismaoMTed . . . . MuT a\ Rights Injured. MEac ii&ts Rewarded.... .^usBi tt Grants Unfair. . »7 30-51 $» 54—55 5* «6 lb- 3S 48 48 Ve Ontario . aario Robbed by Allied Government!). i^Kcea—hefoaiaton who get them Hey of Conservative Party 'vincial Expenditure* ulpDeals 'osver Question 'ubOc &hool!i. ^aUwav Grants — How They Should be Made. ti' ,>- Roas' Policy and iu Failures. SdiooiB(»ok Ring Sttf^tts — FfSttdutent Representations. Tampering with the Constitution TaioUion of the Peo|rfe Tranmortatkm Question Time tor a Chaise (Mr. Longley's Opinion) . Whitney (Mr. J. P.) His Work for Ontario. . 3« 37 43—44 II 57-5» 34-.-58 41— 4» 44 6 — 10 >3 23—24 30 46 7 11—13 46-47 «9 30- 3 S9- mMttm