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The study of c:,.in,,„siti..M, in many „f our schools, is too often ncKk'ctcd, or if taken up at all. is clone; in a very lu-rfunctory manner. One reason for this, and perhaps tlu- main on./ is, that there has been in our schools, no practical text-hook, that w6uld lead the pupils to arrauKe their thuuyhts i. .. clear, concise and pure form. Composition is one of the most important subjects in the school curricuhnn, yet all teachers acknowledj-e, that, except in rare instances, the work is performed in a very ' haphazard ' way The object of this series of j-raded composition books is to so tram the children in the use of the written lauKuaKo, that at the end of the course, they may be able to write intelligently, gram- matically, and fluently on any subject within their knowledge. I he matter of letter-writiuK lias been very fully trealt'd, and this otherwise difficult >ubject will, it is hoped, no longer prove a buj' .' r. t Th rk h.is been carefully graded, and nothing appears in it that has not been put to a practical test in the actual school work of Its juithors. I'art I. is designed for use in Part Second, Jur. or Second and Senior Secu.id Classes, and is issued in connection with three corresponding exercise books. Part J I. is now in press, and is intended for classes from junior Third to Public School Leaving inclusive. Acknowledgments are hereby nude for suggestions obtained from 1 ubhc and Separate School Inspectors, Advanced Teachers, and Canadian and American books on Language. In schools where Composition h.is not been svstem;.ti.:ally taught, teachers are strongly advised to begin at the beginning and cause their pupils to take the whole course. Each of the exercise bonks has been so arranged as to lead to its successor, ami much b.-tter iesu t. will be obtained by makmg even the advanced classes take up the preparatory work. THK .AlUHORS. II J TABLK OF CONTENTS. FIRST BOOK CLASSES. (haptkk. I. Word iMakiiur.. ^*°«- I II. SeiiteiKc Makiiii: 3 111. Word', iliui .SiHiiid Alike IV. iViiod and (>iie>th.ii Mark lo V. Sentence- Alakinir "^ 12 VI. Words of Opposite Meanini' *■ 15 VII. Words ofien .Mis-used 16 VIII. Simple Corrections. . 18 I-V. Capital Letters 20 .\'. Abbreviations . . . 22 •\'l. Simple Correclioiis- Review 25 .^ll. .Miscellaneous 2b .XIII. Skeleton .Morics 28 JUNIOR SECOND HoOK (LASSES. 1. Word and Sentence Makini- ^ 31 IL Punctuation and Capitalization g Ill-VI. .Sentence Making ,,,, „ 43-53 \ 1 1. Taragraphin^' . 54 VIII. Skeleton Sentences 56 ^'' f'ONTKNTS. SENIOR SECOND HQOK CLASSES. C'HAl'IKK. IX. Words Soundec! Alike "'''"''• V ,,, . . 58 A. Ahlneviations . 62 XI. riiiials and I'o^sessives 64 Xn. Simple Cuiieclions 67 X II I. I'araplirasing 70 XIV. Skeleton Stones. vv T.- ,^ 7' A V . jiasy Compositions . . . 74 XVI. Letters and Replies 79 llie Envelope Address 88 EXAMINATION I'AFERS. Part Skcond. I'apeis L~ IV 89-92 Second I^iok. Papers V.-XII 93 loo i Pa(;r. 58 62 64 67 70 71 74 79 88 . 89-92 93 100 FIRST STEPS IN COMPOSITION. PART I. FIRST BOOK CLASSES. CHAPTER I. WORD-MAKINC;. Exercise i. Make words by putting c, f, h, m, p, r, s, V, and b before "at". Model — at cat fat hat at mat pat r,-it a/ sat vat bat Ex. 2. Make words by puttin"- c, f and t before " an ". in, p, r, V, Ex. 5. Make words by putting b, f, d, g, p, ,-, and w fore ' is , ^^ ^1. S. li, 1. n. [), Ex. 5. Make words by putting b, d, k, p. s, t, and w fore '' in . befoi Ex. 4. Make words bv puttin and r before " ot ". K befo [1 2 Fiutii sTKPs IN cu.MPdsrnox. Ex. 6. Make words by puttini,r d, h, m, p. and t l)clor(j "en ". Ex. 7. Make all the words you can by putting th, wh sh, and ch before at. ot, en, an, ip, op, is.^'um,' un, id, ad, ed, ap. ub, ut. Ex. 8. Write fi\e words ending' in " ini^- ". Ex. 9. Write five words endini-- in " i"-ht " Ex. 10. Write fi\e words endin^i^ in " ate". Ex. II. Make new words from the letters in each of these words : — top rat pat nap net star file tear read nest quite tub tacks live board Ex. 12. Make all the words you can from these letters • — t- ". <) <•, !•, o, m k, a, c, w I', m, f, k, c, t, a, s c, v, h. t, c r, d, e, o e. t, cj, i, u v, 1. c, i Ex. 13. Make all the wortis ymi can from : — 1. a, e, i, o. u, t, m, n, f, !, g. 2. k, m. o, p, 1, t, b, i, c, 1, e. 3- g. n. II, b, f, d, p. e, d, c, a. 4. o, 1, g, t. w, c, m. r. t, 1, b, 5- y. li. j. i. f>, s, r, t, a, b, c. p, and t uttiiig th, '), is, um, 1 each of m these f FIRST STEPS 1\ COMPOSITION. CHAPTER II. 3 SENTENCE MAKING. Ex. I. Put these words together to make .sentences: 1. see. pig, I, a, big. 2. can, sec, I, cat, the, fat. 3- fat, can, the, run, cat. 4. man, a, run, can. hx. 2. Write these words so as to mean something : 1. man, a, big, has, the, dog. 2. boy, red, a, cap, has, the. 3. pet, cat. a, has, Ned. 4. cup, big, has, Ann, the. Ex. 3. Write these words so that they will form sentences : — r. pig, has, Ben, big, a. 2. is, lot, in, the, it, now. 3- can, get, it, not, out, he. 4. Ben, in, pen, will, it, put, the. Ex. 4. Make sentences from these w ords :— 1. Ben, Fred, two, are, and, boys. 2. like, fish, the\-, to. 3- too, like, they, them, to, eat. 4. take, fry, them, home, will, will, and, mam- ma, the>', them, their. Note TO Teacher. -Tell the pupils (,)th..t e.nch „oup of the above words w.llfnrm a sentence; (.-) ,h..t each .sentence should begin with a capual, and end ^vi,h a period ; (3) that each sentence shonl.i begin on a new line. Insist on neatness. 4. FIRST STKPS iN COMPOSITION. Kx. 5. Write these words so as to form sentences:— 1. made, wood, ships, are, of. 2. sail, water, they, on. 3- toy, ship, a, made, Harry. 4- it, tub, in, he, a, sailed. Ex. 6. Make sentences from these words :_ 1- ship, lake, on, do, you, the, the, see. 2- go, I, will, if, you, will. 3- on, wall, is, fly, a, big, the. 4. hill, brick, there, large, is, house, on, a, the. Ex. ;. Make sentences from these words :— 1. wide, was, and, stream, the, deep. 2. could, across, not, swim, dogs, the. 3. had, go, to, they, bridge, the, around, by. 4- away, deer, the, got. Ex. 8. Write these words to form sentences :— 1. was, flowers, girl, the, picking. 2. saw. when, afraid, she, dog, was, the, she. 3. ran, she, and, quickly, away, lost, in, flow- ers, her, the, fright. Ex. 9. Write these words to form sentences :— 1. came, the, down, pouring, rain. 2. built, their, birds, the, nests, oak, the, tree old, in. 3. flowers, banks, the, covered, are, river, of, tlie, with. 4- of, torn, leaves, were, the, out, book, the. I Ex, Kx Kx Ex. Ex. riRST STKHS I\ COMPOSITION. { lo. Make sentences from these words: 1. school, swept, the, is, da>-, every. 2. mother, my, has, ill, very, been. 3. iM-ed, broken. Smith, arm, has, his. 4. door, slam, not, do, the. .11. Make sentences from these words : 1. plant, China, the, grows, tea, in. 2. England, larks, in, are, found. 3- girl, flute, blind, plax-ing, the, is, on, the. 4. weather, cold, damp, the, is, and. 12. Write these words so as to form sentences ._ 1. with, bushes, heav)-, ripe, \\ere, the, fruit. 2. old, burned, mill, the, was, last, week. 3- people, kind, beggar, the, very, were, to old, the. 4- foot, he, slipped, and, his, hurt. 13. Write these words so as to form, sentences:— 1. pony, father, gave, my, me, a. 2. feet, four, has, it, white. 3- mane, tail, are, its, long, and. 4- Ned, call, him, I, 14- Write these words so as to form sentences :— I. dog, way, my, on, school, saw, I, a. to. • very, it, dog, was, large, a. \er\-, was. 3. fast, running, he, 4- mouth, meat, had, piece, in, he, a, of. h is. FIRST STKHS IN COMPOSITION. Ex. I ste sea to Uh) two there their seem seam write right ncse know.s so sew sow . lix. 2. chaptp:r III. WORRS THAT .SOUND Al.IKK. Put the rijrlit word in the blank. ] I. The ship is on the . i 2. I a black bird. I 3. She has brothers. 4- John went town to-day. 5. Harry went . 6. He stood over . /. They will send some to mother. 8. Does the dav lono ^ 9. I have a to make in this dress. 10. Did you your lesson ? 1 1. Yes, but it was not . ( 12. His is red. 1 13. He his lesson. 14. The girl will ■— her hat. John wil the corn. 16. I told \()ii Choose the right word : 1. The boy did not (see);sea) the hole until it was (t(j)(two)(too) late. 2. (There) (Their) mamma does not (seem) (seam) to mind the noise. 3- John (nose)( knows) his lesson and he will now (right)(v\-rite) it before he goes to see the man (sew)(so)(sow) the wheat. I 1 FIRST STKPS IV COMPOSITION. Ex. 3. P^ut the right word in the blank : — I I. Annie her lesson. new knew hear here meat meet dear deer be bee ant aunt by buy threw ) 2. The teacher gave her a - ^ 3. W'e do not one. vou. j 4. Who is the best boy ? I 5. The is not cooked. j 6. When shall we - again ? ) 7. The man shot a . ' S. The girl loves her - mother. j 9. We shall there. I 10. The busy makes honey. I II. The live.s in the ground. j 12. My is ill. I 1 3. She stood — the door. .' 14. W^ill you a rose? ) 15. The cat went the door. through I 16. The man - — - a stick at it. Ex. 4. Choose the right word : — 1. The (knew)(new) teacher will be (hear)aiere) to-day. I am going to the train to (meet* (meat) her. 2. (He)(Bee) sure to tell my (aunt)(ant) when she comes. 3. As I pass (through)(threwi the lowii, I will (by)(buy) Fred a pretty book. 8 Ex. 5 herd heard would Wood pale I pail ) hall I haul I blue ) bleu J read | red I hare | hair j (lew j due ) Ex. 6. C I. 3- 4- KIKsr STKPS l\ ((.MCrsiTrON'. I'lit the vii^ln word in the blank:— ] '• ^^ -.'^''^•<>\\"^. means niaii\- cows. ' 2. \Vv ^_.. tlie hand play. I 3- }-ou like some tea? 4. Carr)' in some ~ . please. I 5- She had a of water. ' ''). She looked xerx- ■J. 1 he — — door was oi)on. N. The men will some wood. <> The \\\\m\ — the tree down. 10. She has a - dress. 1 1. John has a — cap. 1 2. We a story. r,S. .\ is a wild rabbit. 14' The girl has curl\- . 15- The rent will be to-morrow. 1 6. The is on the grass. hoose the right word : — The (heardXherd) of cows is in the (wood) (would). She put a (pale)(pail) of water in the (hall) (haul). John (red)(read) a story in the book with the (blue)(blew) cover. The (hair)(hare) of the dog is wet with (rjue) (dew). cows. e (wood) he (hal!) with the th (flue) Ex. 7. hour ^ r f ou FIRST 8TEPH IN COMPOHITfON. Put the right word in the blank : — I- school is built of brick. 2. in an she will be here. V Charlie the prize. 4. Two and make three. 5. The dog has a keen . 6. Tlie boy was to the town. 7. It cost one . one I won I St nl j cent [ scentj hew j H. I'he man will down the tree. hue I 9. The clf)uds were of a hrii^dit . fair ^ 10. What is the to Windsor? fare I 11. The girl had hair. son I 1 2. The is shining. ■sun I 13. His was hurt. 14- at the door. ' 5- the shawl around you. wrapl rap ' Ex. 8. Choose the right word : — 1. We (won)(one) the game in an (our)(hour). 2. He (ccnt)(scent)(sent) the bo>' to (hew)(hue) down the tree. 3- He paid the (fair)(fare) for his (sun)(son) and told him to (wrap)(rap) on the door when he came back. 4- You can not buy a bottle of (sent)(scent) (cent) with one (.sent)(cent)(scent). 10 *'IHNT 8TKI'.S IN .uMI-„,siT,oN. <^'"-AIT|.:i< IV. I'l^KR.!) AND vrKSTlOX ^, .^^^^ ^^^ When . s.nt..ce te,,s .^^^^^^^ Mociel-Charles is a jrood boy. ^\ hen .1 sentence asks sotnrM.iM.r t mark- at the end. """*"^'""^^ ^ve ,,!.,.,. a c,i,esti..n Model-Is Charles a Kn^odbrno ' "t the right mark at the end nf <.. , r . sentences :— ' '-'^^'' "'^ these ^-\'. I. 1. The cat is on the mat -• ^^'^" the cat see the man 3. Tom wants to go fisliing 4- Will his mother let him go K^--2. r. A Httle girl .sat under a tree -• ^^''" you have a chair 3. The jolly old man began to laugh 4. ^^ '^y did the children run away ^•^'- 3. I. Harry's father bought Ju'm a dog -■ ^^ '^'^t kind of dog was it 3. It was a Newfoundland do^r 4- Was H.trry proud of his .lo^r 5. Vcs. a.Cli()(| ;it I question '»r these 3 I'lit tlic proper m.iik ai the cud of v.uh of these senteticcs ; K.\. 5. I, lioys h'ke to pla\- at marhles 2. (iirls like to skip 3. W'liy was the mouse caiij^ht 4. When -esterday^ 6. When - _ __^ ,„i p 7. Wasthe--.^^,,,.^^,, 8. — stars — i„ _ ,,,^._ 9. Fanny gave beautiful -. 10. When she —I Ex.9. I. Bullets- __,,f,,^j 2. Fead — a — . 3. Of what other - is lead ? + — Js — found ? 5- It is found in -- and — 6. How - men — lead?' ;. They ^ — — — ground. rd:— KlUST STEPS I.N COMPOSITION. •f 4 Ex. i':x. Kx Kx. I 1. 2. J- 4- I. 2. 3- 4- 3- I. 2. 3- 4. 4- I. 2, 3- 4- CHAPTER V[. WORDS OF Ol'i'OSITK .MIIANINC. Give the opposites of : — K'lig 5. many 9. nothiiif,^ good 6. old 10. fast down 7. much great 8. la.st Give the opposites of :- dull 5. fresh narrow 6. play sell 7. hard hot 8. this Give the opposites : — lost 5. deep rest 6. here thin 7. pretty night 8. out Gi\e the opposites : — full 5. smootji trouble 6. heavy happy 7. fine 1 1, calm 12. open 9. soft 10. below 11. .strong 12. cool 9. well 10. best 1 1 . early 12. over before 8. high 9. quiet 10. clear I r. broad 12. cheap Ex I. Write a sentence using the word /of/j^r and its opposite. 2. Write a .sentence using i/uut/> and its oppo- site. 3. Write a sentence using,///// and its opposite. 16 Fiasr STEPS iX compositxon. CHAPTKR vrr. WORDS OFTEN Nfls-USFD P-^-'- ^'" each blank with .vm- or ...« ,_ '• ^ him yesterday 2. Have you- -my kite? 3. The clog -_-_. the fox 4. The man —- _ some birds. > i5he has never an owl Kx.2. Fill each blank with ....or .....,_ !' ^/°" ""^ '"'''"^^ yesterday ? -• INO, but my sisters - ^' '^u ■ ''''''''>'•' ^ g^°od boy. 4. There fi,e ,,,,3,3 ,^ ^,^ ^^^^^^ i>- ■ the men working ? Ex. 3. Fill each blank with ./../ or ^o.e •- r. Have you ^ your work? - ^ ■ It long ago. 3. The bo3-s their work. 4- 1 am sure he - ft. 5. He four sums. Ex. 4. Fill each blank with .> or .^. •__ •One or them — coming to-day. 3. Mary at school 4. The girls p,a,,-n^ ,.„ ,,,^ ^- ■ Ja"e not at school? Ex. 5. Write sentences tnUir,^ 1 ^vay to school usinc. th ^ ^ '''' ^°" ^^^ °" ^our ' '"- ^^^ ^^'^i-J^ «^^. ^i^A were, seen. ' PIKST iSTi;PS I.V COMPOSITION. 17 le. on your '11. Ex. 6. Fill each blank with have or has !• Miss Jones : ;r!r'^ "'^ '^"'" ^--e at school. > U hen were you at home? 4. Miss Smith were at school 5- He and I was there. 6. He and you was right. Kx. 2. Correct where necessary .— I- James are at home. 2. The girls is writing. 3. I.s the boys at play ? 4- ^'•^' the girls singing? 5- Fanny and Kate is coming. (^. Is the men uorking > J'->^- 3. Correct where necessary :- I- Has the boys a ball ? 2. John has ten cents. 3- The man have a dog. 4- Books has covers. 5- The men has no coats ^>- Have the girls a doll? 7. Me and John went fishing. «• Vou and him was right. 9- A ship is on the see 'o. My ears is cold. "■ ^^"•'^'^^''■>"^^"^J«mes come home? rec KII.'ST STEI'S IN COMl'OsrnON. Kx. 4. Correct where necessary : — 1. I seen two squirrels. 2. I lave you saw my sisters? 3. We saw a star. 4. I seen a horse. 5. Have the boys seen the bear? 6. I have saw six birds. 19 .X. - H Correct where necessary : — 1. Is tlie j)uddin<^ done? 2. He done his work well. 3. What was did with the book? 4. They done their \vritin-ard is three feet 6^ the sun gives heat and light Vme these sentences correctly.^ '• our horse can run fast " 2. he IS a black horse 3- his name is Ned 4- he has four white feet 5- his tail is long and black ^- ' can ride on his back ^-^- 3. \Vrite these sentenr...^ ^ , . ••'ciirences correctly • '• '"^ mary a good girl ' 2- she lives in york 3- can peter play ball 4- i see James and John 5. w,lU„-,liam give Jane the ball • ^^' "'^^ g^"e to europe Ex. .1 KIHSr STKI'S IN COM POSITION'. 21 -apital letter, person writinjr '<^ ^^^gin with iJo not for- Kx. 4. Write these sentences, putting in capitals and rij^ht marks at the end : — 1. is thfit your dog 2. yes, this is my dog. dash 3. can the dog run 4. has will Jones four white mice 5. they can run and play 6. will the black cat catch the mouse F.x. ;. I. does a cat see in the dark 2. is it a black cat 3. can a cat run 4. do three and two make five 5. will a dog bark 6. may i have a drink Ex. 6. I. have you my ball 2. is your papa here 3. will you give me an apple 4. how many are four and four 5. when will he come 6. can you spell, summer Ex. ;. I. Use " I " to stand for the person writing in five sentences. 2. Write five .'^etitences beginning with -u^/mt. 3. Write five sentences beginning with u'//ere. 4- Write five .sentences beginning with -w/ijy. 5. Write fi\e sentences beginning with 7a//m. 6. Write five sentences beginning with w/ac/i. 7. Write five sentences beginning with w/iose. 9Q '■•'««■<• •^■'■K,..s ,N roMros.rio.v. Kx. 2 ». who's 2. Jicre'.s 4- iie's '• didn't 2. don't 3- doesn't 4- wasn't 'J- we're 1". he'll ' I. }()ii'll i2. tliey'll 9- we're fo. v-oii've ' '• they're 12. 'twas <^'I.\I'TKR X. J>:.,.VVnte,„e .,„,,. f,.„,H,ch«.ch„f the f„, ,,„ 5. -she's ^). there's 7- }'>rt forms:— Ex, Ex. forms ik. tter results will refill directions iwers on paper the writing a Ex. forms I 5. Write these sentences, usiii^r the short forms: — 1. We do not know our lessons. 2. // ivas not very larf^e. 3. He i^'ill break the wiiulow if//,- is not caught. 4. When she is older, she '•a'ill be wiser. 5. We are tired of our work. 6. Then- is an apple in the basket. 6. I. Here is the old man aiul there i. the young man. 2. Who is the captain of that ship? 3. She does not care for study. 4. They do not like work. 5. Von xvill be late for church if you do not make haste. 6. Who win carry these flowers ? 7. Write these sentences, but do not use the short 1. H^//^'// close that door r 2. She's the girl I saw. 3. It's not the book I want. 4. 'TzV evening. 5. There's not a better boy in the land. ^. F<7//r^ looking at my book. 8. Write these sentences, but do not use the short 1. I've a new book. 2. They're in the water. 3. He's a good boy. 4. Pm afraid of the dog. 5. He /I do the sum. 6. Don't be afraid. 24 »'«8T 8TK..S ,,v COMFOHITiON. The names of th" Wtic . f .u tx. y. VV,i.= ,i„, „,„,,, „f ,^_^ ^ period after each short form ■'"' ' Model— Wednesday | Wed, Ex. lo. Write the „a,ncs of the months of the year in a ^-.n. and ,.„„„„,,„ column r/l ° '™' " P^''°'l "Iter each short form. Model— December | IJec its short form '^'"^^^^""^^^'-^^h' place Model-first 'second third fourth I ^L,,. the nanfes of "the 'ml th?!' Tr""'' '" "P''"'' '=«"= f"' '■•ne. Comm,t.,r:r:reX '''"'"'^'°^^^^^ thirty days has sej)tember, apnl, June and november • rcbruary has twcnty-eioht' alone- all the rest have thirty-one- but leap year comin,^. once L four, fcbruary then has one day more. 1st. 2nd. ,3 rd. 4th. i the months of 'tters. the week in a nin write the sure to put a '■ the year in a I'l write the ^o not forg-et form. d, fourth, as each, place letters foi rd of each riHHT STEPS IN COMPOSITION. 26 CHAPTKR XI. SIMFI.K CUKRKCTIONS. — F^KVIEVV. Ex. I. Correct the following: — 1. Him and me was there. 2. Her and her brother was away to-day. ^. Please can I sit with Ellen? 4. May me and Minnie go to the map 5. We liave not got none. 6. Was you at school yesterdaj- Ex. 2. I. Them there boys was fighting 2. There ain't no work for us to do. 3. Have you got all those apples 4- There ain't no mice in our cellar 5. These here girls write well. 6. Them horses are working. Ex. 3. I. He ain't going to chop wood for nobody. 2. Me and Aimie haven't got no pencils 3. Nobody won't be there. 4- He won't take no notice to that. 5. Father said he wouldn't make no such plan. 6. If nob(xl)' won't come tht re won't be no meeting Kx. 4. I.John said that him and me would go in the cart. 2. Me and you had better stay to home. 3. He's over to the church just now. 4. Where's your father.? He's to home. 5. 1^ haven't got skates this winter. 6. Can I leave the room? i 26 FIHST «'KKS IS COM POSITION. Tm CHAPTER Xii Ex. ^"-t. banel'qui.-:; Ulhe'^""' ^^^'^' ^^-' ^^^^ -ate. '• ^^'''■'■'^^ are sold by the 2. SJioes are .sold by the ' 3- Coal is sold by the ' 4. Sugar i.s sold by the 1 5- I-'ind f.s .sold by the ■ 6- Coal-oil is .sold hv the _ J Cloth i.s sold by t'he ' «• iiffgs are .sold by the -1 9. VV ood is sold hy the * 'O- Paper is sold by the- .' • '• Syrup is sold by the " -■ ^^-'bbon is sold by the L 3- Butter is sold by the 4- Milk is .sold by the ' 5- Flour is sold by the 1 6. Honey is .sold by the -1 /• ^Vheat is sold by the _" >'^- Varn is sold by the —IT"' 9. Hay is sold bv the — ^ 'O- Apples are sold by the 1 ,v iMake sentences with fK r n ™n.ct,y ,„ .hen,, but Z Tt l^JT""' ^°"'' "^^ words:— '^i- write the meaning of the '■ y^^' 3. cloth . 1^.,,,,. 2. nibble 4 r.]n. .' + ^'^'ni 6. buckle "^ an K.v. FIRST STEPS IN COMPOSITION. 27 Ex. 4. Tell what each of the following means: — ;se words .— cord, crate, 1. ink-bottle. 2. lead-pencil. 3. black-board. 4. milk-maid. 5. pi ay -mates. 6. plum-stone. Ex. 5. I. lake-shore. 2. school-house. 3. berry-bush. 4. grape-vine. 5. tea-party. 6. neck-lace. Ex. 0. 1 (ner-coat. 2. boy-like. 3. news-paper. 4. sea-shore. 5. fair-ground, 6. rat-trap. 7. house-rent. 8. window-pane. 9. butter-dish, 10. book-case. 11. hen-house. 12. paper-knife, 7- play-ground. 8. school-yard. 9. cop}'-book. 10. pew-rent. 1 1. barn -yard. 12. diiHier-beli. 7. boat-house. 8. door-\ard. 9. sail -boat. 10. dinner-table. 1 1. after-noon. 12. beech-trees. >rds used ig of the Ex. 7. Write questions for which the following are answers : — 1. I am six years old. 2. I li\e in Toronto. 3. My dog's name is Rover. 4. No, he is quiet. 5. There are four in our fanu'ly. 6. I was born in December. 7. My brother's name is John. 8. He lo.st Ills ball in the river. 9. I can not swim. 10. I can jump three feet. 28 '■'IRST 8TKP.S '^ <'<>AH'OSITiON. CHAPTER xiU. ^KELET<>^■ STORIES. E-^- ' ^^'•'■te a story about Harrv ^ ir -'• VVhere he lives. 3- Hou' old he fs 4. What school he,. oes to. ^>^.ve things about the school. telh,;,..l '"'""°^>'''^^-^"^-""y.sBi>th-day Party;. ;• How old Fanny was. :• ^here the party was. ;" ,\^^^ Sirls were there. 4- U hat thne they went home > ^^'^^-^tgj.nes were played /• ^^"vv sorry they were to -o 4- How the ship ^rt awp,. f , 5- Hovr Carlo K , ' ^'""^ ^'^^'n- „'° brought It back telling..^ '^'"'•y abou, two boys a„d „ .^ft I'Th- boy.' „a,ne., and age.,. - O what .he raft «.,., n,ade. 3- VV llere they played with it ''-^i 'i te FIRST SI'KCS IV (^OMPOHITIOX. 29 1-day Party," - to Fanny. rio. ' ^ raft, Ex. 5. Write the story of The New Sled, telling : — . 1 . Whose sled it was. 2. Where he ^^ot it. 3. What color it was. 4. About riding down hill. 5. \\'h\- the sled was put away. 6. When it was brought out again. F.x. 6. Write a story about Tom's Visit to the F"arni, telling: — 1. Who Tom was, 2. Whom he visited. 3. When he visited them. 4. What work Tom did. H| 5. Was he sorry to go back to town ? 6. Were his mother and father glafl to see him? m Ex. 7. Write the following story in your ou ti words: — 2 Some boys were going houK from school. Down ;' the street was coming i,. fast horse. Along came an old lady. To cross the street she was afraid. She was seen by one of the boys. ]]ii ran quickly and helped her across the street. Was he not a good bo\- ? Ex. 8. Write a short composition on " Salt," telling: — 1. Mow we get it. 2. Where we get it. 3. How it is sold. 4. For what it i,, used. Ex. 9. Write a composition on " Wheat," telling: — 1. \\ hen it is soui",. 2. How and when it is harvested. 3. What is done with it then. JUNIOR AND SENIOR SHCONI) BOOK CLASSliS. Junior Classks^ pages 31-57. Skniok " " iS-SS. I 111 till ■ ? nat: clai- hoc in J I FIKST STKPS I.N COMPOSITION. 31 SECOND BOOK. CHAPTER I. ii WORD AND SKNTENCK M.VKING. Exercise i. Change the letters of these words .so as to make new words : — 1. how 5. now 9- rats 2. mead 6. on lO. slate 3- dearth /• but 1 1. stop 4- kills 8. eat 12. sue Ex. 2. Make new words from the following: — I- not 5. lame 9. low 2. rock 6. deal 10. dear 3. ours 7. robe 11. saw 4- top 8. step 1 2. wed Ex. 3. Make other words from the letters which forin these words : — K limes 2. lamb 3. shook 4. palm 5. life 6. lump 7. mate 8. not 9. words 10. quite 1 I . tear 12. weak Note to Teacher— In these and .succeeding exercises of a similar nature, it is .suggested that the work be performed tliree times, (i) orally in class, (2) on slates or in scribblers. (3) with pen and ink in the exercise hook. Teachers should see that the scholars make each page an exercise in penmanship. Insi.-t on neatness. 5. \(-)ii II 6. o'ci- 7. 'twas S. can't 9. isn't 10. chfln't 11. haven't 12. she's 9. I've 10. we're I I. we'll I- vou're ■^^ •''K^T Sl'KI'S r\ COMPOSITION. Ex. 4. Write the words these stand for - I. aren't 3. I'm 3- I'll 4. W(;ul{hi't Ex. 5. Write these out in fnJI :_ '■ 't\\ill 5. there's 2. they're 6. It's 3. what's 7. he'll 4. don't 8. 'tis Ex. 6. Write words ineaninjr the opposite :— 1. sorry 5. shallow 9. first 2. crooked 6. early ,0. backward 3. black ;. the.se n. sharp 4- l^i-ge 8. in ,^,. dieap Ex. 7. Write these words so as to make sense :— Qwfwn.—Each .sentence must begin with a capital letter and end with a period. But if a ciuestion is asked H question mark must be u.sed at the end of the sentence. 1. ten, my, knife, blades, has. 2. Rogers', it, a, knife, is. 3. Canada, made, no, in, ua.s, it. 4. cost, much, how, did, it. 5- '. hri.^^ht Ex ,4. Tell one thing in a sentence about each of tne toUouiiig : — I- chairs 5. rubber 9. brush 2. spade 6. glass 10. tin 3- pen 7. leather ,,. spoon 4- ""on 8 stpfl I T o. steei 12. paper Ex. 15. Say something about each of the fo'low \'\^ : — '• pencil 5. bottle y. cane 2. clock 6. lumber ,0. shoes 3- curtain 7. paper ,,. ax 4- stove 8. lamp ,2. ink Ex. 16. Supply /,■ or ,trr i.i the following:— 1. He here. 2. They coming. 3. You well. 4- the boys late ? 5. When -you going.? 6- your mother ill ? 7. Who those girls ? 8. you working ? 9- John and James out. 10. Henry a good boy. 1 1. Two and two four, 12. Winter here. seat ol p "^IRMT STKI'S IV COMPOSITION. 80 )ppo- Ex. 17. A rranj^e these words properly in sentences: — I. boy, teacher, the, saw, idle, the. -'. grandmother, letter, a, Xell, to, wrote, her. 3. found, the, field, boy, in, chipmonk, in, a, the. 4. woman, kitten'-, the, swept, room, the, riirht, old, two, of, out, the. 5. polar, slip, the, not, bear, does, ice, on, the. 6. across, mouse, floor, run, a, saw, I, the. Ex. 18. Make sentences beginning with I. boys and ending with school. 2- girls " " .. house. 3. birds " « « sky. 4. sheep " 5. spiders " 6. cream " 7. babies " 8. Santa Claus 9. flowers and 10. stoves " 1 1. windows 1 2. some trees Ex. 19. 1. Write the names of five fruit.s. 2. Write the names of five grain.s. 3. Write the names of five tame animals. 4. Write the names of fi\e forest trees. 5. Write the names of five wild animals. 6. Write the names of five birds. 7. Write the names of five flowers. 8. Write the names of fi\e vegetables. NoTK TO Te.^CHKR [„ a.s.-ieat work, the children .should receive proper instructions as to the method ot putting their work on the pa<-e. Encourage neatness and legibility « « <( <( <( (1 (( « farmer. flies. milk. toys. presents, spring. iron. glass. app 36 rrnsT sikph iv co.Mi'osrriitv. Ex. _'o. Sometimes we can put several sentences into one, as : — Model — John saw pigs. John saw horses. Jolm saw geese. John saw pigs, horses and geese. Model— William went to school. Tlujinas went to school. Henry went to school. Charles went to school. William, Thomas, Henry and Charles went to school. Make one sentence of: — 1. William is young. William is clever. Wil- liam is industrious. 2. Gold is found in Canada. Silver is found in Canada. Iron is found in Canada. 3. The sun gives light. The moon gives light. The stars give light. 4. Gas is a mineral. Coal is a mineral. Gold is a mineral. Salt is a mineral. 5. A cow is an animal. A sheep is an animal. A bear is an animal. A deer is an animal. 6. Gla.ss is smooth. Glass is clear. Glass is brigh.t. 7. Spring is a season. It is a fine sca.son. It coiTies after winter. 8. Can you write a letter.? Can you write a long letter.? Can you write h letter to your cousin ? 9. The ball is lost. It is lost in the field. The field is near the house. '.vor llhMT STKl'H IN COMPOSITION. 37 It It is a large It is a white It is a bay Tlie field is Ex. _'i ("oinbitie the follovviti^ into f)ne sentence: Model — The knife is on the table. It is my knife. It is sjiarp. My sharp knife is on the table. 1. The boat is on the river. river. It is a small boat, boat. 2. The horse is in the field. horse. It is a corn fieh near the house. 3. M\' book has pretty picture.s. It is a nice l)ook. They are pictures of animals. 4. The tloi;- chased the rabbit. It was your dog. It was a black dog. The rabbit was mine. 5. Susan's mother gave her a en ess. It was a red dress. It had a pocket in it. 6. (an you see the man? He is a large man, He has a basket. Apples are in the basket. 7. Robert of Lincoln had a Quaker wife. The wife broods in the grass while Robert sings " Bob-o-Link." She is quiet and pretly. She has brown wings. 8. The polar bear lives in the fcir north. He does not mind the cold. He has a coat of thick fur. The fur is of a white color. NoTK. TO Teacher— Lead the pupils to see llie utility in the above v/ork. Ill the 01 al wurk numerous examples may he tjiven. 38 FIRST STKPS IX COMPOSITION. Ex. CHAPTER II. PUNCTUATION AND CAPITALISATION. Ex. 1. I. A sentence must begin with a capital, and end with a period. 2. If a question is asked, end the .entence with a question mark. 3. Notice carefully how commas are used in \our readers, and try to use them in your exercises. Write these questions correctly : f. where does the boy live 2. he lives in this town 3- how many feet are in a yard 4. there are three feet in a yard 5. how many hours are in a day ' 6 there are twenty-four hours in a day Ex. 3. 1. what time is it 2. there is nothing more pleasant 3. is it not noble to do good 4. how many colors are in the rainbow 5. what river is near this school 6. we should always write plainl)' Ex. 4. Write the following sentence, using capital letters and periods correctly: george eaton sold his bay horse bob his mate dick ran away and hurt george's leg his father had to take him to dr king. Ex. 5. In reply to Manly's question whether snow is of any use, his uncle told him, it keeps the roots of plants from being killed by the frost. Write Manly's question. Write his uncle's answer. a ou sei th: pri FIHST STEPS IX COMPOSITION. 89 Ex. 6. I. how many railroads are in this county 2. a city has eight thousand inhabitants 3. from where does the rain come 4. the sun is many times larger than the earth 5. we have thirteen full moons each year 6. what is a jailer Ex. 7. Names of persons and places must begin with capital letters. 1. John smith lives in toronto 2. Ottawa is the capital of Canada 3. paris is a city in france 4. detroit is in michigan 5. does robert brown live in buffalo 6. miss black drove to hamilton Ex. 8. I. did Columbus discover america 2. longfellow lived in boston 3. James watt invented the steam engine 4. John was at niagara falls 5. has maggie ross been in halifax 6. were george and fanny in Chicago 7. when was frank smith in new york 8. cdward blake was born in middlesex 9. do we get tea from china and japan NotktoTeaciikk- -With readers in hand ask the pupils (i) to point out capita! letters, (2) jieriods, (3) qu'-stioii marks. (Jt-t tiie pupils to read sentences containing commas. By means of a spoken .sentence show (hem that a pause is necessary to ni.ike the meaning plain. The comma is tlie printed pause. 10 KIKST STKI'S \S COMPOSITION. Kx. 9. Write the foUowinfr, putting in })roper punctu- ation marks and capitals : 1. on monday fred Jones will go to Hamilton 2. how many fridays are in September this year 3. we have holidays in July and august 4. the village of lucan will hold its fair on tues- day and Wednesday 5. there are five Wednesdays in January this year 6. thursday is the last day in februar>- Ex. 10. All names of particular days should begin with capitals. Models— Christmas Day, Labor Day. Nei ar's D'dy, Dominion Day. Correct the following- •— 1. there was snow in toronto on Christmas day 2. when is easier sunday 3. there was a picnic in detroit independence day 4- we have holidays on labor day and dominion da>- 5- the colored people celebrate emancipation day 6. does new year's day come (jii Wednesday this year 7. does good friday come in april this year H. is arbor day a school holiday 9. the seventeenth of march is st patrick's day 10. do the english celebrate st george's day 11. the .Scottish people celebrate st andrew's day 12. what do we mean b)- decoration day the FIRST STKPS IN' < OM POSITION. 41 nctu- year tues- vear )egin ars day lion day this 1. All words that mean God or refer to God, 2. All names of books, 3. All names of religious denominations, 4. All names of societies, 5. All names of the days of the week and months of the year, must begin with capitals. Ex 1 1. Correct : — 1. george is reading uncle tom's cabin 2. the methodists have a new church 3- did frank doan join the christian endeavor 4. the salvation army is strong in london 5. when does the epworth league meet C\ how many have read torn sawyer Ex.12. Re-write, correcting all mistakes:— 1. the foresters marched to church last sunday 2. was .sam ross at the meeting of the royal templars 3- next august the freemasons meet in toronto 4- how many times does the word god occur in the bible 5- all christians believe in god 6. we know thine arm will protect us lord Ex. i:;. Make statements or questions beginning with the following \\'ords : — it, then, why, how, can, you, this, the, when, where, who, there, that, those. 42 KIKSI' S'l'KPS IN ('()>! POSITION. Ex. 14. Ask questions commencing with the follow- ing words : — is, did, are, would, should, do, am, will, shall, does, can, had, what, have, how, has, why, was, which, may, of, at, in, were, whom, for, where, might, could. Ex. 15. When we use the exact words of some one else, we should enclose them in quotation marks. Model -Tile boy said, " May I go ? " " Yes," said George, " you may." Write the following sentences as neatly as you can, and place the proper marks in each : 1. The giil replied you are wrong 2. When asked George are they coming 3- 1 will do it said Tommy when I go 4. No answered robert they are not here 5. The teacher at once said you are wrong 6. VV^e may do it said nn- smith but we should not 7. No one does it replied mr grant because it is wrong to do so -, Fanny. Begin with can, has, what, where, why or does. Ex. 4. Tell something about six places, beginning each sentence with tht? name of a place. Model— Toronto is on Eake Ontario. Ex. 5. Write answers to the questions asked in Ex. 3. Ex. 6. Write .seven sentences telling something that happened on each day of the past week. Ex. 7. Write the names of four of your schoolmates and say something about each of them. *'^ '•■'KST 8TKPS IN COMPOSITION. Ex. 8. Ask six questions about places : Model— Is Hamilton a larj^re city ? Ex. 9. Write six sentences telling something about some particular animal you know. Model— My pet dog Rover can do many tricks. Ex. 10. Fill in these blanks by telling what the thing named docs. Use the proper marks. 1. Boys- 4. iJogs— ;. Ducks — 2. Birds — 5. Horses — S. Hens - 3. Sheep — 6. Cows — y. Bees — Ex. II. Ask questions about each of the following. Use the proper marks. 1. grass 4. a man 7. some apples 2. trees 5. a wagon 8. the turkey 3. books 6. a plough 9. a bean Ex. 13. Fill in the blanks with words that make good sense. Use the proper marks. 1. Did the man — the de'er and — the skin 2. The boy — an apple, and his sister - it 3- I — the dog — 4. How many feet — in two yards 5. Can ducks — and horses — 6. James — a rabbit and — it ans FIRST STKPS IN COMPOSITION. 46 about thing •wing. •les V good Kx. 13- Fill ill the blanks with one word : — 1. Fish 2. Birds — - 3. Girls 4. Horses — 5- The sun — 6. Babies 7. Hens 8. Boys 9. Dogs 10. Sheep 1 1 . Roosters 12. Cows — 13. The raiii 14. Lions — I 5. Men 16. Soldiers — — 17. C'hildrtn i.S. Clocks 19. Kittens 20. Ladies Ex. 14. I. Write the names of the months of the year. 2. Which one has the fewest letters in its name .'' 3. Which one has the greatest number? 4. How many months have the letter r in them ? 5. Which ones contain the letter a.? 6. Name the months that have thirty-one days in them. 7. Which month has the least number S days ? 8. Write all the months after July. 9. How many letters are in the names of all the months together? Note to Teacher-Im Exercise 14 instruct the pupils to yive li.eir answers in complete sentences. 46 KIUST STEPS IN COMPOSITION. CHAPTER IV. SENTENCK MAKIN(i Continueii. Ex. I. Eill in the blank s with the ri The soldiers marched . 4. The fire burns — — . 5. The stream flows . 6. The boy writes — -. Kx. 3. Fill the blanks in the following sentences with one word telling where. Do not u.se the same word more than once. Model -He came . He came back. 1- I told him to come . 2. Go . 3- Bring it . 4- He has gone .. 5- You may put the book . KIHST STKl'S IN COMPOHniON . 49 zt :— /ith ord Ex. 4. Fill in tiie following blanks with t words tellinu ta/wre: — wo or more Model — The boy played . The bo)' played in the ^jarden. 1. 'I'he kitten ran — . 2. The lion lives — . 3. The fish swims — . 4. The moon goes 5. Will John work ? 6. Tut the book . Kx. 5. Add one word to each of these sentences : 1. John is — . 2. The cows are — . 3. \)'\(\ \ou see — ? 4. The butter was — . 5. (iood boys play — . 6. Many men drove — . 7. The lion roared - -. 8. Teachers give — . 10. A re you — ? 1 1. James is - . 13. The sun shines — . 1 3. iiears eat — 14. Babies cry — . I 5. Fox^s steal — . 16. Pictures are — . 17. (lirls buy — . 18. The grapes were — . with 9. She came — . Ex.6. In the following sentences fill the blan tw(} or more words telling u'//f// : — Model — Tlie birds sin^r — . The birds sing in the morning. 1. My aunt came . 2. John went shooting . 3. The flowers bloom . 4. Columbus di.scovered America . 5. Robins build their nests - . 6. Good boys study . 7. We will go skating . 50 KIHST SIKI'S IN ('(JMHOHITIOV. Kx 7. Complete the follovvins sentences by filling the fir.t hank with a w..nl or w..rds telhn.o- aV/.,/. and thr secn-.l hianlv with a word or words tellnig .v//^,/ .•— Modl•|-- Ihey sold They sold the lambs yesterday. I. I saw . -'. The man saw . 3. Harry split . 4. Did Jane make ~ ? 5- Can Ciiarlie do — ~— ? 6. Will your father write ? I;:x. 8. Complete the followin^r sentences bv words telhng 7i'//rt/ and hoxv :— Model— The boy ate The boy ate the apple slowly. 1. The cat caught - , 2. The trees lost . 3. Tlie boys trapped — . 4- The girl wrote . 5. Some horses eat — . 6. Many men read . 7. The queen rules . 8. The soldiers used . 9- The engine drew — , 10. The sun ripens — . 1 1. Cats catch . Note to Tkacher-I,, this and preceding exerches the use of all ech„.cal ten,., ...ch as nu.uber, adverb, objec, sul.i.ct. should he avDideo. I ir inimU n.., ,,_t c..r>r 1 . 1 : ., /" ^ '• '"'^ buppu^cd to he ieammg yiammur, hut tne wiitteii (oiin of correct expression. I-IUST SIKKS IN COMPuSITKlN ,"1 Ex. 9. In the follovviii^ exercise fill the first blank in each sentence with one or inure words tcUing /um\ and the second with one or more words toUini^ :<.w,f. Ex. I. Fill in the blanks with words telling the kind:— 1. — birds fly. 2. — fish swim. - horses run. 3- 4- 5- 6. - cattle low. - boys study. - girls sew. / • — men succeed. 8. — dogs bark. 9- — snakes creep. 10. — rivers flow. 11. — soldiers fieht. 12. — men steal. Ex. 2. 1. The house is built of buck. I. That horse is my uncle's. 3- Has the girl many pears? 4. The boy helped the old man. 5- When will the vacation come? 6. Can the canary sing ? 7- A boy obeys his parents. 8. The bee makes honey. 9. Five deer were killed. 10. The sun ripens the fruit. I 1. The ■ firemen saved the girl. Ex. 3. In the following .sentences fill up the blanks with two or more words describing the first thing named :— Model— The roP was on the table. The roll of money was on the table. 1. The bridge spanned the river. 2. The city is in Canada. 3. The pail is on the floor. 4. The discoverer was Columbus Cc 5. The dawn is pleasant. KIIIST STKPS I.V ("OMPOSITION. 53 d:~ I /ith Ex. 4. Supply as many suitable words as you can both before and after the words given: apples grow — . -7 — boys play 3. — ships sail — . 4. — clubs played — . 5. — • giH said — . 6. — lamp gives — . 7. — fire burns — . ^. — horses draw — . 9. — boys caught — . 10 I ; 12 13 '5 16 17 18 — men found — . — ball bounded — . — clock ticks — . — ducks quack ^. — water flows — . — log floated — . — negro picks — . — bear killed — . — squirrel lives — , Ex. 5. Answer these questions on "FLshing". Make each answer a sentence. 1 . Did you ever go fishing ? 2. With whom did you go? 3. Where did you go ? 4. What kind of pole had you ? 5. What kind of bait did you use ? 6 What kind of fish did you catch > 7. Ifow did you like the sport ? Ex. 6. Answer these questions about yourself Make each answer a sentence. 1. What is your name.? 2. Where do you live ? 3 How old are you ? 4. Where v\'ere you born ? 5. How many sisters and brothers have you? 6. When did you begin to go to school ?' 7. What class are you in now? 8. When do you think you will be promoted? 54 FIK8T STEPS IX COMi CSITION. CHAPTER VI J. PARAGRAPHING. onf „?T""' '" " ''"■' °^ " -"position consisting of th one co„.,n„ed thougin should be divided into Z 1. Where it is found. 2. How it is distributed. 3- Its qualities. 4- Its uses. COAL. Ex ,. Men di^r ,-„ mines for coal. Coal is useful to burn .n coal stoves. Coal is black and hard Coll m^sare ,n England and in Nova Scotia and" in th States. We cannot burn coal in every kind of stove Coal ,s burned in engines on the railroad. Coal is "t s sold and burned. Coal is used in blacksmith shops Coal makes a very hot fire. ^ If we arrange this composition in thoughts of the .same kmd, ,t will read as follows :-^- COAL. Ex. 2. Men dig in mines for coal. There are coal -.nes n, England, Nova .Scotia and the United States! carfand 'boat'"' [' '''"" ''""" ^'^^ -■"- '^ ^ P"t on Is "old. ' ""' '" '■■'"^^^"^ ^-"t^'-' -'-- it It is hard and black and n.akes a very hot fire Coal ,s very useful to burn in co.d stoves. Wc can PUP.1.S W.1I copy Exercises , a..d . as neatly as possible. miST STKPS IX I,„1P081TI..N. J^lj not burn it in ever, l- who — is . Ex. 3. I. A — girl _ a skipping rope — . 2. horse heavy ~ ? 3. A — wolf — a boy — the — . 4- Where — you — to that — ? 5. — cau^h^ fish — his —. 6. A — I 2. rew — their . iks with er than FIRST STEPS IN COMPOSITION. 57 Ex. 4. I. - leaves of — are shaped — lances. 2. The — is not — fruit. 3. Walter and hungry. 4. Roland — into a — rage. 5. He was --- know . fi. Did the inside — coach ? Ex. 5. Fill in the blanks :~ 1 . This is . that Jack ~. 2. Did you ? 3- Is Mary ? 4. Gran''papa's hair . 5- Andy Moore stopped . 6. P>ogs can swim . Ex. 6. CV^mplete each sentence by adding two words : — 1 . The robins ate — . 2. Susan's grandmother is . 3- My mother taught me . 4- Will was an — . 5. The reindeer lives . 6. The ostrich is sometimes called . Ex. 7. Fill the following blanks :— 1. Jack said — kicked . 2. Peaches in _ parts of — . 3. The wind — the . the^T,nil'''""f'''"'?~^"''"' "''''''''' ■■"'" '^-f«""^n^-t interesting to xL '."'h'f 7 '" "' «"^^' ''"'^"-'^' ^''^'-' ^'- -nberof oral examples should be largely increasci. 68 FIRST STKPS IN r( .M POSITION. CflAi^TKR IX. VVo;.;i)S SOUNDF./) MAKE. Ex. one of [. •) 3- 4- 5- 6. ;• 8. 9- lO. 1 1. 12. 13- 14. Ex. ;/'''""'' ^'^"''^ '■' t'- ^' 'lowing sentences with ti/e word., ;«, the left :— here, hear. If you stand - von can - it you. yew. Ho ^-seethe— 'tree? there, their, —are books. to, too, two. Jt iv ^^■■n■n^ I • '- ^vaini — drive — miles. Pl-. -. r • .1. .„., .p, . ""^^^'th a — of scissors, all, am. i hat - ,s - the shoemaker needs so, sew, sow. \-oii nan 1 I - the seed. ' ~ ^'""'' ^''^•^^ ^^'^ile hue, he U-. Wni you - the wood of a grayish - ? "Se.;:^- ^""-"^P-l the -if you -those would, wood. - you buy this cord of - > h>m,hymn. I like to hear - .s,W a-' by. buy. As we go - I will - it our, hour. One - from now - school closes. "1. •"». He called - the man from the - I. 2, 3- 4. 5- 6. 7. 8. be. bee. The - may - iu the house, some, sum. This - mu.st be done by - boy way, weigh. He can - the meat on the - h'ome meet, meat. He w.'ll - you and carry the - ' pale, pail. The - girl ran for a -. flue, flew. The bat - up the - of the chimney, blue. blew. The wind • a way my _ hat. been, bin. Have you ^ near the oat - ? no, know I will - my friends _ more.' KIKST STKI's ]\ COMPOSITION. 59 nces with It. • miles. scissors, leeds. ;ss while lyish — ? — those loses. boy. - home. le — . limney. Ex. I. 3. 4- 5- 6. /• 8. Ex. I. vales veils. They lost their - while walking m the — . ^ coarse, course. Of- the cloth nui.st be _. we, wee. - sau^ the ~ girl as --^ pas.sed. one. won. I _ the - he had. I, eye. In some way — hurt my — . see, sea. He went to — the — . not, knot, naught. If you do - find that - I care for — else. ' mite, might. You - have given us that -. the man when you 3- 4- 5- 6. Ex. I. 2. 3- 4- s. 6. vour Hone, dun. Will you have — your work ? write, right. You must - to them - awa^,-. fair, fare. The — girl paifl her — . les.son, Ie.s.sen. .Working at that - will strength. piece, peace. You may eat that - of cheese in - tale, tail. There is a - told about the - of a fish. 5- heard, herd. He - the - of cattle. plain, plane. Tom may - that _ board deer, dear. The - child wants a pet - read, red. I - it i„ ^y __ ^ook. bear, bare. The - walked on the - ground hare, hair. The - i.s covered with fur not - whole, hole. He filled in the - front of the - 1i*».«^.*.., Ex. 6. ■■ Sjrcat, grate. The - n,H„ .sat before the -. -. c,ye. hat --,„„s, „„t „„ the step. 3. weak, week The -^ ,„a„ ea„ „„t live aL 4. pane, an,. His faee ,IW ,„„ hi,,,, a.d h^ put in the — of u(i bo>-. 2. hg^rs are twelve cents a do/en. 3- liow many pints are i.i sewn quarts? 4- '1 fie Honorable Mister Wood is here. 5. Call at seven in the afternoon. 6. Jolin Jkrtlc) , postmaster, was here. 7. The goods were shipped Cash on Deh\ery S. There were many things in the box, nameiv yards of print, packages of hose, and two gallons of nuts. _^^ Kx 4. Use short forms where possible in the follow- 1. Huffalo. New \ ork, January seventh, one thou- sand eight hundred and ninety-six. 2. Sixteen ounces make one pound. ' 3- He knew the Reverend Henry Ward Bcecher 4. We met Doctor Fra.icis C irnrles Price in Toronto CJntario. 5. He came here at nine of the clock in the forenoon. Ex. 5. Re-write these sentences, writing out the short forms in full :- 1. Geo. DavLs, Esq .vent to Halifax. N. S 2. Mr. Robt. Weir of Welland, Out., came here in bept. 3- Six ft. make tuoyds. 4. Mrs. Wm Brown lives in Montreal, Que 5- The pkg. weighed four lbs. and ten oz. 64 KIKST ST K I'M IV COM I' OHITIOJJ. I'LUKAl.s AND I'().S.SFSSIV|..S '>thcr changes necessary in tl,e sentences I J "^'' Model-The hoy foinul a /W/. The boys found some /WA-. '• -A, v/-'"/ knew her A^v^w/. :?• 'I'hc /wy/Ar killed a Iwai: A //vr was on the j/m-/. ^S//^ saw an ox. He helped the old woman. Kx. > J- 4- 5- ". 7/M/'^.;et.bek)n-s to this ;;/«;,. -?• ^^^^'^ school h;x% -A play-irround. > An honest /;.;,' found the^-^^,,.. 4- I saw the>,vofther////,/. 5- His 7vife shot a large deer. worn itahcs u ,11 not mean niore than one Make anv other changes necessar)' in the sentences :-. ^ Model-The clnldre,, played games. The i/'/Z'/ played a ^w«,._ I- The^;.iv7/ drew the /^wrt'^-. 2. Some mice ate the rt///,x 3. Their>M,.n- brought the /mzv.- 4- There were cans on tiie benches. V Our M?<9 */• ers arc Kin to //J KIKST HTKI'S IV ro.MI'OHITION. Ex. 4. Write these word the ff) •s Ml columns and o pposit( mkjic than one. boyij. 9. duck 10. <^(X)se I I. fox 12. sheet each write tne tf) thinys named : — Model — one. boy. •• bf)ok 5, baby 2. church 6. fence 3- «■'>! 7. river 4- "iHii H. mouse I'.x. 5. W rite these words in a column and opposite each write the form which means one of the thin^^.s named : — 1. caKes 5. valleys -■ ladies 6. chiefs 3- flays 7. wives 4. lea\es «. teeth Ex. 6. Write sentences using tiiese words in the form which means more than one: '• ' 5. him 2. [Jenny 6. bug an apostrophe 'i»H"s"to thesingularionn, as:_ Modcl— The boy's ],at. Iftl^eisinitspluralfo^^^^ •S ^^ e add an apostrophe only : Model— The boys' hats. But if the plural does not end i,i "s" we kM th. - trophe and "s," as : "- ^•'''''■ Model-The men's coats. ing'^the'san'e'a: th'^ ""1 '"""'"^^ ^""^^'^^'^ ^^^ — '■'b me same as the words ni italics. Model-Tho teeth of the hear. The bear's teeth. 6. The cr>' of the sluggard. 7- The home of the minister. 8. A cloak >/-,^/^,/j,. .V The name of „.e scJ.oL ,o. A play-ground >V^W,. hx-. lo. Write sentences containing the forms of rh. .no.,,, „.r.s that mean more th;n one^ al*! Model~^,y, It fs a boys class. I. A den of a lion. 2 The banks of a river. 3- The roots of a tree. 4- The face of the boy. 1. girl 2. OX 3- goose 4- father 5- mouse 6. hand 7- year 8. hour 9- fruit 10. baby 11. lady 12. knife 13- man 14- tiger 15- woman 1 6. bee 17. animal 18. ostrich FIKST S'lKPS l\ COMPOSITION. 67 CHAPTER XJI. SIMI'Ll-; COKRECTIOXS. Ex. I. ('orrect where necessary: — 1. Their mamma seen them apples 2. Please teacher can i go out 3. has the boys one the game 4. we set hear till we was tired 5- m\' teacher learns m.e my lessons 6. he bought a box of blackening 7. she died with the fever 8. has the woman went their 9- me and gcorge was on the bases when he catched the ball I".x. 2. Re-write the following sentences, making any changes \-ou think necessary : 1. robbie has wrote his lesson 2. have you did your \\'ork 3- the squirrel climbed a tree with a bushy tail 4- A man went in the house with a glass e\-e 5. the boy bought a kite with a sore hand 6. he was laying on the table 7. one of the girls were here 8. try and come to school regular 9. he has went to school to \-ears FO. i throwcd my box awa)' I I. raise the curtain up. 68 Ex. 3. Leav( ing sentences :- FinsT sTi-.ps IV coMPosrnox. :- out the unnecessary words in th( follovv- r. She was an honest widow woman. -?. On what train did he come on ? 3- fie returned back to town. 4- The boy ch'mbed up the bank. 5- She has got her book. 6. He is a new beginner. 7. Tlie whole entire crop was destroyed. «. I caught a great big fish. 9. She was a small h'ttle girl. Ex. 4 Write the following sentences as neatly as you can. makuig any corrections that are necessary :— 1. We seen they had not no marbles. 2. Them apples is not no smaller than mine is. 3- When was you at there house ? 4- He done his work quick on monday. 5- Has he did the sums correct? 6. Me and him was running slow. 7. They was their often frequently. 8. Was you going to return back home? 9- Nobody don't know nothing about it 10. J am not so old as her. 1 1. Who did you meet at the door. 12. Us boj-s enjoys the holidays. 13. Him and I are the same age. 14. Is the goods stole .^ 15. It was awfully amusing. lie follovv- FIHST STKI'S IV roMI'osFTION. 69 V as you ne IS. Ex. 5. Correct where necessary : 1. were you there yesterday ? 2. henry smith h'ves in essex. the chilclrcns Cf)ats was tore, the deers horns was broke. was that j^irls name on the board. mr ross ri^rhts with his write hand, did the frite make the bov pail ? wliere \ou in london ont in oct last, the Iiole class went to the royal ternpiar concert. f Patterson esq drove to hamiiton. last inarch was a cold month in Windsor, hicy larcom wrote hannah bindin^r shoes, the minister said wh)- do we mourn, father roberts met dr . n,, e tlnngs, not dream them a„ da 'iTg.' nith I., honest, truth is .sure I nith Ks strong and must endure ' '."' -^■"" ^^^ °»t. hoping that your own can --nee would tell you ofyouri-n \\ c can never be tcx, careful ^\ hat the seed our hands shall sow ; l^oxe r,oni lo^•e is sure to ripen, • Hate from hate is .sure to grow. Hoe your own row. A soft answer turneth au-aN- wrath A good name is rather to bo chosen tU riches. ciiosen than great i^Iow and steady wins the race. FIHST Sl'KKS IS (.OMHoMiriON'. 71 ig of :— right, rth doing clever ; ' long. \'n con- T great le above !orie has CHAPTER XIV. SKELKTOX STORIES. Make a story from the following notes :— J^an.n- S,nith - ..other ill _ brother not able to ^ood girl. is in"^7K "'?""' '"^ """^^ >-^^'--^ «'^'- '^- -other 's .11 and her hn.thcr is not able to work. i^.„,nv earn. money by selling newspapers. She buvs A.d 1 •nother and hu- brother. Is she not a g^.d gnP Kx. 1. Make a stor>- from these Jn'nts :— Johnn\' Grant v/ent fishing large river — in a b<^t large fish --boat npset-l^wlt^^:::^ fish and pole - nearly drowned. t^x. 2. Two girls — cross do■■ 4- KoX ill Uvll - Met u-ct out 'cjat X Irinin. . • .^^^ ""^ .^oat passing; — J'-v. 5. I'"()()tball inatrli — x-fll-,,,-. 1 1 ]un'< . . , Mlla-L' I)oys and countrv bo>s- -country boys win - one bov hurt - .nothe^ L^ame next week - lar^.e crowd. ' '^^' Kx. 6. Old woman - crowded street - fell down i'-x. 7. Little bov - matrhnu <;- 1 b.Mnt TMccnes — hre crackers — face bin nt - mamma sorrx- — boy cried. Kx. 8. Queen's birthday - la,-ge crowd in town - n^an ,oes up m balloon - boys foot caught in ,pe boVfal t '7' ~ '"^ -^^'^^^^'"-^ - -P' break r bo> falls to oround - dead whe.i pickeci up. thin '; ^' T'' -t' ~r'''''''''''''' - '^"^^■- ^-'^« about rnmgs — hens. ( o ^ Book soon. "'^'^^ '^^'^ - Third Kx. ,0. Boy .^.oing to school - boy's name, Fred - r.: •:"::^^^^^^ -- --^ ^octor-s o^c; ^ „ot much hurt broken •Je well soon horse caught rig sav!"^" ' ':^ ^'"'' ^'" ~~ ^^"'" '^^^•■^ - ''^'^ burning - men save goods -^ goods spoiled b>- f^re and water owne I i back country another Jown — woinan — face own — II rope ;ak.s — about Third "•■'""T STKI'S IN Cf.MI'OSITIOV. 73 red not - men )wner )ooks V N-. i-\ Idle bov class teacher scold lessons never learned - - foot of boy not promoted. s — poor report -- parents sorr ^x. 13. Ro3'hada(lon- tauf^Iit , , ,., • •-' "<*R'^ 'iHine, Rover — tau '""■'""'"" 'I've lor s,,,,,. . carry ne«.,s,«|,c,-, E.v. ,4 Ja„e'., mother .av. her a ,l„li _ anisU„.s C:i^I""\T '"""'"" "'""" -^'"ff^l >vi.h .-awdu.st — no (loll „„„. _ . j.„„, ^„^^y^ !■;><. I 5. Iteiutilnl cup -- o„ „c,l by Annie's nmther _ Ann,e ,olcl not to „sc ,t _ .lisobcyed her mother eun L-ken -- rece,ve.l .hipping _ obeys her n.other now! some , "''■ y*"" "'"' '■''■'^' "'■'■'^''"'"K - 1'" "f fi^h -- gave ome to s,ck man - rest hon.e to their mamn.a _ some fo, .inmer - hke.l .hem ^ going again some time. put out b> teacher - waite.l (or Mary -- home with her. Ex. ,8. Winter tin.e -^ bird at Nells ,vin,io,v - foci every mommg -- became tame -- „,a,|e hon,e in Vd^ roo„, -- let out when spring came - fleu- away. Ex. rg. Tell about Will's do.r ■_ '• Its khid and name. 2. Who gave it to him. 3- What things it could do. 4- What caused its death. 74 FrnsT STKlvs ,N COMPOSITION. CHAPTKR XV. KASV CO.MI'OSITIONS a. lU '-'''"'"''""■"« "'""'^ -■-■'>-"■- 1. Who got up the concert. 2. Where and when it took place. 3- Who took part. 4- \\'h.it tiiey did. 5- Which piece you hked ix^st. 6. Whs it a success. Kx. 2. Describe a baseball or cnr\-,^t ,r,.. i lately, telling the following .-J '"'^'^^ ^'"" "^^^ 1. Where you saw the game. 2. When }'()u saw the game. 3- VVhat sides were playing. ■h Who were the captains.' 5- Which side won. ^- What \A'as the score. /. Wiio was the umpire. Ex. 3. Write as neatly as you can an^^ four-line verse you hax'c committed to memory. ' ^ sJ^^ nMh""~ 'I'J 7 ^""'l'-'''- arc intended to develop should .eo.se.e;i::;;:'.:L::[;;n;^ -;;;:: ^Tf^'- "-^ -- tence should be accepted in preference to 1 I ' "''"''' ''''■ together. The pupils' own ^0^ ^"^^"' °"' '""^^''-^ "'^«^^" Faults should b^ kU.; Lin e ';r::;;:;;f Y'T"'' 'j ^"^°"^'^^'^^- KIUST .STKI'S IN- COMPOMiriON. lO -X. 4. V\ rite a story abou «. VViieic ycju live. t your home, telling: — 2. Material of which house is built. 3. How lo.i.ryou havc live"-'"°" - •■ The Dog," f™™ the 1. Dog, friend of man. 2. watch dogs — guard houses at night. 3- tlogs sometimes do work of horses. 4- pet dogs— do many tricks. -■IJing; story m th< PIHHT STKI'S IV COM POSITION'. ''X. lo. Tell the / 1 Trom the foil OWIIlL' •story about "The | of ni.m tired tJ4 "I money — dot I'c-'sts under tree 3. gets up - .roe< 4- donr tries to make luay - for.rets nionc\' man go back. 5- pulls at mans coat -- man thinks dog is mad — shoots dog. 6. goe.s on further -- misses money - ..-o.^ back to tree - finds uounded dog u.Uch- mg money. * ;. dog dies - -- man very sorr>'. Kx. n. With the following* hints make. , " The Girl and the Craw-Fish " Z ^ ■''"'>' "^"''' It ^"^^^^^>'---^-''^^^'n charge of 2. Man comes in - bag on back ^- little girl Craw-fish" -girl asks if good to eat 1- man says " Yes." 3. Girl want, so.ne - ,„a„ g.Vcs ,,o„« fu,- piece wh.Ie takes cover olT- I5,,l, have t„r„ed red 4- L.ttle girl much frightene 78 FIHHT STKPS IN <;OMPOSlTION. Lx. 12. From the following models write advertise- ments for the newspapers, chancring the names of the persons, places and things : LOST. On Saturday evening, on Queen Street, a gold brooch with diamond setting. Reward at F5 Louise Street. KOUM). Purse containing money. Owner may have the same by proving property and paying cost of this advertise- JOHX Smith, 14 King St. East. ment. STRAVEI). Into the premises of Lot 4, Concession ;, Harwich, a bay horse. Owner can have same, by paying expenses. Richard Grant. FOR SALK. Twenty milch cows. Jerseys. All joung animals. Call J-^^":s VVl.NTKRS. Haden. Ont. or address. FOR RENT. House 10 rent, 12 rooms, 49 Stanlev- Street. Comfort- able and convenient. Delightful situation. Apply to Clark's Estate Agency. Imperial Bank Building. St Thomas, Ont. Note to Teacher-RupHs should l,e require.! U, write their easy com- pos.t.ons ,n paragraphs. Tell t'.e children that all the leading words in a •.ews,.aper advertisement should ix-jin with capitals. FlUST STJiPS IN COMPOSITION. CHAPTER XVI. 79 Li;rTp:Rs and rkplies. The Heading. 1. The heading of .. letter should contain : the name of the place where the letter was written, the month, the day of the month, and the year. 2. On the first ruled line of the paper, or, if the paper be not ruled, about one and a half inches from the top of the sheet, write the heading, beginning far enough to the left that the figures that stand for the year will come to the right hand edge of the paper. 3. Place a comma after the name of the place,* the day of the month, and a period after the figures that stand for the year. Model— Top of Paper. Q^nltin/a, -^^uA^ t9M, /<^'/Jo. Top of Paper. t^amfSMi, Q/fon. /O//, /89S. Ex. I. Write, as neatly as you can, the headings of six letters from your home tc-day. Hi) 1-1 KST STEl'8 IN COMPOSITION. letter you would ,„,tef,.o„,hertl" '^'"' "' ' 7//e Addreas. i'op of Paper. ^ant^H, .^^^^/ /^-^ /ci^^e?; 'lop of P.iper. OyVu^i/an, e^/ /^^ /^^^^ Kx. 3. Copy neatly the above models Roy Brant, Sil,,., Snt "^''"'"'' '""'^y' '° «-'" s in Lon- ing of a i, and tt letter is bould be the left re. ■S'&o, 'So. letter aster FlKB'l" STKPS IN COJ.iPOSITION. JSl Ex. 5. Write the heading and address of a letter written from your home yesterday, to Miss Jessie Green, 156 Main Street, Buffalo, New York, U. S. Ex. 6. Write the heading and address of a letter written to you from London, on May 17th, 1895. Ex. 7. Write the heading and address of a letter written from your home to-day, to a friend in Hamilton. Ex. 8. Write the heading and address of a letter written to you by your aunt in Toronto. Ex. 9. Write the headings and addresses of six letters, each letter to a different person, and each written at a different time. SPECIMEN LETTER. Windsor, Dec. 9th, 1895. James Edwards, Esq., London, Ont. Dear Kathkk, Your letter came last night. We were all glad to hear from you, and hope you will soon come home. Uncle George culled last night and took us all for a sleigh-ride. We enjoyed ourselves very much. Your loving little girl, Ex. 10. Write neatly the above letter. NELLY. Note to Teacher— In schools where veiticai writing is taught, teachers will instruct their puinls to follow the same .system in these exercises, liie authors" experience is that this system is preferahle to all others. KIUST HTKHS l.\ COMPOSITION. The Sa/utuiion. The salutation is the form in which we address the person t.^ whom ue are writin- The common forms are:— Dear Sir, M>' Dear Sir, Dear Father, Dear Friend My Dear George, Dear Aunt, etc., ail dependincr on how well we know the person to wl>om we are writiii- Notice carefully how the salutation is punctuated and where it is placed in the model. Mf)dels — _^riip_ofPaper. Qyia I an Ax, c-i^ ■iy/Cf'i.i. yune QJ^o^A, ^ . _ ' "P ijf J'aper. i/i/. /^< /8,9S. (^//anm, Q/Ku. 20M, /8&0. ieui %. af/iif'// , Ex. 1 1. Turn back to the headings and addresses you Imve already written, and write the proper salutation for each. Ex. 12. Write the proper salutation for a letter (i) to your friend, (2) to your cousin, (3) to your father, (4) to your aunt, (5) to your grandfather. Ex. 13. Begin a letter to your sister, writing the head- ing, address and salutation. FIKST STKPS rv roMPOSITlON. h:\ Idress the ion forms ar Friend, ij? on how e writiiiq^. lated and /c9,9^. ■/SOo. sses you alutation sr (i) to ■r, (4) to he hcad- Thc Boiiv of the Letter, This part of the letter should contain the news you wish to send, and an\thin- you tliink would be of interest to the person to whom \-ou arc writin^^ The Coinplimeittnry Close. This part of the letter is the polite or complimentar)- form of closing it, and takes many different forms as : Vour loving cousin, Vour sincere friend. Your afiectio.i- ate son. Yours truly, etc. The Signature. Last but by no means least, a letter should contain the name of the writer very plainly written. ICx. 14. Write a letter to your father, who is away h-om home, and tell him these things :_ 1. His letter was recei\ed yesterday. 2. Ail at home are well, except Nelly, who has a cold. 3. How glad you will be when he comes home again. 4- The horse ran away but did no harm. 5. The hen that was lost came home to-da>- with ten chicks. Write letters similar in style to the following, but do not use the same words and sentences. Ex. 15. Kingston, May ist, 1895. Master Chari^es Brookes, Belleville, (hit. Dear Charlie, My mother has been kind onouoh to promise me a bii th.-day I^arty on next M(,nda>- afternoon. If s,,u d on Monday last, after the summer vacation. It was lather h.ird to get down to work again after such a long play-time. We had a great deal of fun in the holidays-fishing, boating and swimming. I am going to work hard this term, as my teacher says I stand a good cliance to he promoted at Christmas. I hope next vacation yon will be able to visit me, and we shall have a jolly time. Your affectionate cousin, NED. Ex. 17. ' Toronto, Feb. 14th, iSy:;. Miss Susie IUker, Mitchell, Out. Dear Sister, We were pleased to hear that you arrived at Mitchell safely on Monday night. Fanny Cirant is spending a few days with us, and will go home next Tuesday. Aunt Kate says she will write you a letter in a few days. Our teacher is having us write letters in school now. I will tell you about the concert when I write again. We all send you our love. Your loving brother, FRED. Ex. 18. Chatham, July ist, 1895. Miss Kate Briggs, Peterborough, Ont. Dear Teachkk, My mamma told me this evening that I had passed into the Second Book. She saw my name in the paper in our school report. I will go home, when school opens after holidays, and study hard. Mamma and I are visiting my cousin Fanny here. Your loving pupil, MARY BROWN. F'UHT STKI'S IV COMPOSITION. 85 3rd, 1895. iier vacation. ■ such a long lys— fishinij, term, as my t Christinas, nd we shall NED. 4th, 1895. tchell safely ays with us, e will write ite letters in write again. FRED. 1st, 1895. sed into the our school ilidays, and ny here. 5R0VVN. K.v. 19. 17 Wellington Street, London, June 3rd, 1895. Mrs. James Boyd, Ingersoll, Ont. Dear Auntie, Your Jcind letter inviting me to spend my summer holidays at your home was given to me by mamma to-day. I was very glad to get It, and I will be sure to go as mamma and papa say I may I go to school every day and my teacher savs I am doing well Vou may look for me the day after school closes. Your loving niece, ETHEL WYNNE. Ex. 20. 424 Lochie! Street, Ottawa, Jan. 2nd, 1895. Dear Grandpapa, When I ^^,)ke on New Year's morning and saw the prettN sleigh you had sent me for a New Year's gift, I was so pleased that I scarcely kncv,- what to do. I tried it right away after break- fast and it runs very well. I thank you a thousand times, my dear grandpapa. ' Your loving grandson, geok(;e baker. Ex. 21. WiNDSd--^, Dec. 2ist, 1895. ^JK. Joseph Brown, Chatham, Ont. Dear Father, I thought you would be pleased to receive a letter from me go to school every day and I like it verv much. We are now learning to write letters, and my first letter is to you. When are you coming home.? Don't forget to bring me a new sled, as th. sleighing IS very good now. We are all well at home. Your loving son, ARTHUR. 86 FUIST STKP8 IN ((IMPOSITION. Ex. 22. HOWMANVILLE, July loth, 1895. Master William Smith, Captain IJeaver H.B.C, Newcastle, Ont. Dear Sir, The Rover Baseball Club challetiKe tlie Heavers to a friendly game of ball on Wednesday, August ist. Yours truly, CHARLES E. JONES, Captain R.H.B.C. Ex. 23. Amhersthurc;, June 1st, iSg6. Masikr Charles Edwards, Windsor, Ont. Dear Charlie, My kind mamma has given me permission to have a party on my birth-day, which will bo next Saturday. If you can come I shall be mucli pleased. We shall have games of many kinds and tea and cakes in a large tent on the lawn. Be sure to let me know if you are coming. Your sincere friend, HARRY S.MITH. Ex. 24. Windsor, June 2nd, 1896. Master Hi.nry Smith, Amherstburg, Ont. Dear Friend Harry, Your kind letter inviting me to your birth-day party on next Saturday was received this morning. I was mucii pleased to have it, and at once asked my parent* if I could ■go. They have given me permission, so I shall be sure to be with you. Your friend, CHARLES EDWARDS. PtUST tTEPS TK COMfOSITlMW. «7 loth, 1895, to a friendly NES, A'./i./i.C. 1st, i8q6. lave a party u can come y kinds and let me know SMITH. nd, 1896. irty on next sed to have have given AWARDS. K\. 25, WrNDSOR, June 2nd, 1896. Mastkr Henry Smith, Amherstburg, Ont. Dear Frm nd Harry, Vour Inv^ letter received. I am very sorry that I shall not be able to go to your birth-day party on ne.xt Saturday. I I.ave been very s,ck for two weeks, and, althougl, I am getting better every day, tl,e doctor thinks it would not be well for ,„e to go ou, or Sonne tnne ye.. I would like very much to be with vou. and 1 hope yon will have a jolly good time. Vour sincere friend, CHARLES EDWARDS. Ex. 26. Mount Forest, May 2nd, 1896. Miss Lii.lie Mara, The girls of Miss Smith's room challenge the girls of Miss JENNIE QUINN. Ex. 27. Miss Winnie Race, Owen Sound, Ont. Dear Friknd, S t;{athroy, June 4th, 1896. Friday the ,2th mst. Can you meet us there that dax ? Yours sincere!)', ALLIE HURLBUKl'. chn , ^" T'^^^'^'^-P-^-s 84. 85, 86 and 87 are to be copied by the chdd en. After tins .stage of the wo.k has been reached, the pupils .hould be encouraj;ed to write longer letters, paying particular attentL to paragrajjlnng. ss FIRST STKI'S IV COMpriSlTlON, THE ENVELOPE ADDRESS. I STAMP. //oro'/ilo, 4o King Street. (^p/arin. STAMP. ta-'ite/' -^errrqe Moss, lan Oueen Street. ^rUfVrio. I STAMP. C^f fir. Mo/)cr/ -J[ones^ Su^alo, ')') Main Street. A'eiv York, U.S. E\. 28. Rule off three spaces eacli tlie size of a common envelope. Fill in the names and addresses of people you know. FllWr 8TEH8 IN •OMPOSITIOV. 89 KXAMINATION PAPERS. PART SECOND. 6 4 Paplk I. Time— I hour Valurs. 6 I. Write six words ending in "at". 4 2. Make words by putting I,, d, h. j. 1, m. p r t, before " ug ". ' 3. Write six words ending in " sh ". 4- Make new words from the letters in file tear quite, tacks. 5- t the.se words together to mean something .— 1. day fine tli'' i.s. 2. farm, us go to let the. 3. making men are hay the. 4- they the rain fear. 6. Choose the right word : 1. Let us go (too, (to) (two) (sea)(see) the man (so) (sow ) (sew) the wheat. 2. You do not (seam) (seem) to have the (write) (right) book. lo yo FIRST HTKPS IV COMPOSITION. PART SECOND. 1\\p?:r II. Time — / hour. Vall'f.s. 8 I. Choose the right word :— 1. He (knew) (new) who had the (new) (knew) ball. 2. He (through) (threw) his slate (through) (threw) the window. 6 2. Put these thoughts in one sentence : — 1. The cow is red. 2. Tue cow is in the stable. 3. The stable is near the barn. 6 3. Write three sentences requiring a question mark at the end. 12 4. Fill in the blanks with right words : — 1. Horses have and . 2. Men can — — and . 3. Birds and . 4. Dogs are and 5. Give the opposites of : — long open great many dull cool hot fresh lost over night deep full cheap before smooth FIRST STEPS IN COMPOSITION. PART SECOND. 91 the (new) (through) a question ap 3re )Oth J'Af'KR III. Valuks. Time i hour. 8 I. Oive opposites of :_ - last this out high nothinj^- soft well quiet coarse early strong' calm much pretty fine heav\ 2. Change the following without changing the meaning: — 1. I have a hat. 2. The farmer's horse is old. 3- The picture frame is broken. 3- Use one of these words in each of the following blanks : — saw, seen, was, were, did, done, is, are. 1. Have you the man who it.' 2. We at the pond but the boat - not there. 3- your sisters coming to school after they have their work ? 4- Correct the- following : 1. Has the boys a ball. 2. Desks has ink-wells. 3- He come on the noon train. 4- Is the men w >rking. 5- The horse run very swiftly. 92 FIRST STEPS IN COMPOSITION. PART SECOND. Vai.u.'s. 15 5 5 10 10 Papkr IV. Time — / hour. 1. VV^rite the following, correcting all the mistakes you can : - 1. John said to williain, " .\int you going to bellevillc to sec if your aunt has came." 2. fred smith thinks he done a \ ery good thing when he stopped the train at Windsor. 3. please mr. jones can i have a drink of water. 2. Write these thoughts in one sentence : — My dog can jump. He is a black dog. He can jump over a chair. 3. Write the names of five animals, saying some- thing about each. 4. Write five sentences beginning with 7vhose. 5. Write the words for which each of these stands : — who's, she's, we're, jou'll, we've, 'twas, I'm, can't, don't, doesn't. 6. Write the words for which these are short forms : — Men., 1st, Jan., 3rd, Mr., Wed., 4th, Feb., Mrs., Dr. i mistakes I goin^ to as came." ^ood thing V incisor. k of water. (log. He ing soine- whose. of these I'll, we've, are short 4tli, Feb., FIRST STKPS IN- COMPOSITION. SKCONI) HOOK. 93 P.AFKR V. ,r Time— I hour. VALUIS. 9 I. Using all or any of the following words, write a statement, a command, and a question :— John, door, shut, did, the. 6 2. Name three places where a capital letter should be used. 5 3- Write a sentence, using quotation marks. 8 4. Write out in full the word or words for which each of the following stands :— doz.. qts ft., etc. ^ ■' lO 5. Combine into one sentence :— My brown hen la\'s eggs. The eggs are white. The eggs are large. 12 6. Fill in these blanks with words that will make sense : — (a) Charles is - than Joseph, but — than Tom. (b) Be sure you ; then go ahead. (c) .\ post is stronger than a post . (d) The sun rises and sets . 9t FIRST 8TKPS IN COMPOSITION. SECOND BOOK. "ALUB'i. 9 12 lO I'AI'KK VI. Time —I hour. 1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with as many suitable words as you can : — (a) my father gave . (b) Coming I found purse. (c) Charles — saw mouse. 2. Make sentences containing the following words: one, won ; to, two, too ; there, their ; blue, blew ; rain, rein, reign ; write, right. 3. Write in full the word or words for which each of the following stands : Mrs., Messrs., Capt., Nov., pt. 4. Change each of the following words to mean more than one : — baby, goo.se, church, tooth, lady, wife, ox, fox, scissors. 5. Write the following words so that each will mean that something belongs to the thing : — horse, dog, city, rose, wagon. 6. Write a ten line letter to your cousin in Hamilton, telling him how you spent your last vacation. Make a drawing of the envel- ope and address it. sentences I can : — jrse. ing words: eir ; blue, ■hich each >rs., Capt., to mean rcli, tooth, each will ; thing : — :ousin m 3cnt your the envel- Vai.iirs I6 8 lo FIKST STEPS IN COMPOSITION. SECOND BOOK. 96 Papkk vir. Tinie^r hour. II ■• F,ll the b anks in the following .sentences with one of these words correctly used :_rise lie iay,^set, sit, did, seen, gone, went, done', '..., 1. He here yesterday. 2. I in the seat by the stove. 3- the book on the desk 4- Does the farmer . pigs? 5- Geese eggs. ^- - the food on the table. ;. He himself on the bed. 8. The sheep under the tree '■ "^marl!"""'"""'^^^'^^^"-^ 3. Tell in your own words the meaning of :- "All that you do, do with your might • Thmgs done by halves are never done'nVht " 4. Wnte sentences, using these words change^d to -u. more than one.., calf, whar,city'l" 5. Write a letter to a friend in Toronto tellin. h m about your school under these heads:- hke work, (4) what you are working for t y°";teacher's name and how lon| she has taught in your school. ^ ou did there. (6) How and when >'ou came home. 5. Make a statement, a question, and a command about John and the door. 2HI'. the spider. r : — The fire IS near the ng of : ng about a Use these (2) Where X (4) Who did there. Tie. a command Vai.uhs IS KlUST STKP8 IN COMPOSITION' SECOND BOOK. ''■M'KK IX. Tiine~i hour. 97 10 15 ftywonlsforastrayedorstolenhor.se. Give - description, age, and offer a reuard. '■ ^boi^ / 7 "/'" '" '^""^ >'"^"- thoughts about /./.;, a hen, the house, the baby, a cow. 3. Arrange these words to form three thoughts - Joh..|s, sled, him, bought, new. a, fother, • d, the, painted, sled, was, much, John, plea.sed, was. •' ' ve ope and write the address of a letter to Caries Roberts, ,56 Mutual Street, Toronto •Show crrect position of stamp. '■ '^soThltthe'''*,^';"""''""""™''-'" -"'--^. so hat hey will show that something beionss "''""^^ —pony, ox, IMoses, boys, river. 6. Write a fifteen.iinc letter to your sister who is v,s,t,ng fnends in Montreal, Quebec. 98 FIRST STKPS IN I'OMPOSITION. 1 SECOND I'.OOK.. PaI'KK X. Time— i hour. Country. IChief Town Canada Ottawa United States Washington Situation. iMroKIANCK. Ottawa River Capital, Parliament, buildings, scenery. Potomac River Capital, Congress. Vali h.S. 1 6 1. Write the' above information in sentences. Make two sentences. 2. Write these sentences correctly : — 1 . does sam go to school 2. is the dog and the cat fed 3. shut the door torn 4. Wednesday will be the first of June 15 5 6 3- Write a letter of not less than six lines to a friend in London. 4. Mark off the envelope, address, and show where the stamp should be placed. 5. Tell the same thoughts in other words : — The dog's house. The sun's heat. The girls' lessons. My book. IIANCK. ParliaiiK'nt, s, scenery. Congress. sentences. ine lines to a and show ds:— The girls' HHST STKIN j\ fOMpdslTIOV. SECOND BOOK. 99 25 20 10 10 30 Paper XI. Time—^ hours. 1. Write a letter ..fat least twenty lines to Frank K. Grant who lives on ,45 Cass Street. Detroit, Michigan. Acknowledge the re- ceipt of a letter he wrote you a week a-^o and tell hi.n about your .school, and ;n accdent real or imaginary >-ou witnessed. 2. Make a drawing of the envelope (actual size) and properly address it. 3. Tell in your own words the story of The Idle J^oy. Write it in four paragraphs. 4. Re-write the following sentences s<, that they will not require quotation marks :— John said to Arthur, " Who is that man ?•• " ^\ ,:"P''^'^ Allie, " I do not hear very well. ^ 5. Write ten words that admit uf eontractio.rs and opposite each write its short form. 6.. Your father has a house to rent. Write a suitable advertisement for your local paper. 100 KIKSr HTKI'S IN CiiMI'itsI riON. SECOND BOOK. Vai.i'ks. 5 15 10 15 I'APKR XII. 'lime - 3 hours. I. What is a parai^raph ? 1. Write three para^niplis telling what \ou know- about "Tea." Do not use the words of your reader. 3. ke-write these sentences, telling ckarl)' what meaning is intended : — 1. A fellow was arrested with short hair. 2. I found a cent walking over the bridge. 3. He died and went to his rest in Toronto. 4. Write contractions for: — (Governor, Postmaster, Doctor, Member of Parliament, Example, Forenoon, collect on delivery, and so forth, package, free on the cars. 5. 'I'ell in your own words the story of " Growler and the 'J'abby Cat." Write the story in paragraphs as follows : — 1. Wh}^ the cat was angry. 2. Why the cook was angr>'. 3. What Growler said when he had heard both stories. A SRRIjrs op — vou know Is of your ally what hair. bridge. Toronto. ostmaster, Example, 1 so forth, " Growler e stor)' in liati heard EXERCfSF. BOOK S '■Kii\r.t,i I'liKi' \KKIi 1.1 .\t:coMI'A.NY TIIK FIRST STEPS IN COMPOSITION TEXT BOOK ■*■•< ►oiiLows; BOOK HIRST STEPS IN COMPOSITION EXERCISE /Vo. / FIRST BOOK CLASSES. Containinu the same material as the Text Hoot r -^9. inclusive, together with hi L ' '" ""^"' ' ^" Price, io Cents. HRST STEPS ,N COMPOSITION EXERCISE BOOK No. s HilK Ink IX- JUmOR SECOMD BOOK CLASSES. Containing the same material as the Text Boot r 3^-i-insive. together .ith blank "jf ^'''". ^^^" ^' ''' Kxucises and Examples. ' ' '' "''^■"^^ '^"^ ^'^^ Price, io Cents. FIRST STRI>S IN COVIPOSITION RXHRCISR HOOK No. 3 H)H IMK iy . SENIOR SECOND BOOK CLASSES. I oiitaininj,' the same material as the Text honk, fri)iii pages 58 to S8, inclusive, together with liianlc pat,es for writmg out the Kxercises incl Examples. Price, 10 Ct:NT8. These Kxcrcise Hooks contain ruled paper of a superior quality, >^() that pupils may use pen and ink without difficulty. Sufficient blank space has been left to enable pupils to write out the various E.xamples and Exercises, together with extra blank pages at the end for the Letters and longer Examples. Pupils can thus secure, at tiie cost of an ordinary good Exer- cise Hook, the Exam()les from the Text Hook suitable for their own class work, a^ well as an Exercise Hook in which to write them out, and TeacherN will be saved the time and labor taken in dictat- ing the E.\am])les. A Second Text Hook on the same subject, designed for ! liird, Fourth, and l-ifi!i Hook Classes, ,vith especial attention given to Entrance and '^'r,!'' '-Cliool I.e.- /'n- work, and to be known as "First Ste] - in Coiuposition, Part II.," will be issued shortly. The chapters devoted to Husiness Forms and Correspondence will make this work particularly valualjle to the pupils in the higher forms of the Public and Separate Schools and Junior forms of Iligh .Schools. .Suital^le exercise books will also be published in connection with the Second Text 15ook. [102] ISR I*0()K S. in pages 58 to riting out the iperior quality, i)upils to write til extra blank ivy good Exer- itable for their 1 to write tliem iken in dictat- ned for Third, iition given to be known as isued shortly, ipondence will in tlic higher mior forms of I published in I^f^ ' ' i ( N L C, B N.C, 3 3286 02758591 4 '?(