.i^.. ^, V ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 SfUl li£ ^S HI 122 |22 1.1 ="■" " u ^.V .^ 'i [Iflil^SII Sdmoes CarporatiQn M WnT MAM ITRNT wiiiTM,N.v. usao (n«)in-4soi .V *. CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICiVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproductions / Institut Canadian da nticroraproductiona hiatoriquas O^ Twhnical Mitf BlbHoflrapMe NotM/NotM taehnlquM at bibHographiquM Th« InttNut* has attwnptad to obtain tho boat original eopy avaiiabia for filming. 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Whanavar possibla. thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainas pagas blanehas ajouttes iors d'una rastauratlon apparaissant dana la taxta, maki, lorsqua cala 4tait possibla. cas pagas n'ont pas *t* filmAas. Additional comments:/ Commantairas suppl4mantairas: L'Institut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplalra qu1l lui a 4t4 poaaibia da aa procurer. Lea dAtails da cat exemplaire qui sent peut-itre uniques du point do vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dana la mMrade normaki la filmage sent indiquto ci-dessous. D Q D D D D D Coloured pages/ Pages do couleur Peges demaged/ Peges endommagAas Pages restored end/or laminated/ Peges resteurAes et/ou pelliculies Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d*color4es, tachetAes ou piquAes Peges deteched/ Pages dAtachAes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ QualitA inAgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du material supplAmanteire Only edition available/ Seuie Mition disponlbie Peges wholly or pertieliy obscured by errata slips, tissuea, etc., heve been ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Lea peges totaiement ou partiellement obscurcies per un feuillet d'errata. une pelure, etc., ont it* filmAes i nouveau da fa^on i obtenir la meilieure Imege possible. 1 s 1 V h d e b ri ri n TMs item is filmed et the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de rMuctton indlqu* ci-deaaous. 10X 14X 1IX ax MX SOX s/ 12X nx a4x 32X Tlw eofiy filin««l hcra hat bMii raproduecd thanks to tha o«iMro«lty of : BibliotMqua nationala du QuAbac L'axamplaira fNmA f ut raproduit grioa i la 04n4roalt« da: BibliotMqua nationala du QuAbac Tha Imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poMlbia conaMaring tha condition and laglblHty of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spaclflcatlona. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara filmad baginning with tha front eovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad lmpraa< sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- aion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraation. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol ^»> (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol Y (moaning "END"), whichever appliaa. Laa Imagaa aulvantaa ont 4tA raprodultaa avac la plua grand aoin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira fllmA. at an conformitA avac las conditions du contrat da fllmaga. Laa axamplalraa orlglnaux dont la couvartura an papiar ast Imprlm4a sont fllmto an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarmlnam soit par la damlAra paga qui comporta una ampralnta dimprasslon ou dlNustratlon. soit par la sacond plat, aakm la caa. Tous laa autias axamplairas orlgSnaux sont fiim4s an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'impraaaton ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la damMra paga qui comporta una talla ampralnta. Un daa symbolaa suhrants apparaltra sur la damlAra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la cas: la symbols -^- signifia "A 8UIVRE", la symbols V signifia "FIN". IMaps, piatas, charts, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thoaa too iarga to ba antiraly included in ona axposura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand corner, loft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: Las cartas, pianchas, tableaux, ate, pauvant Atra filmte i das taux da rMuction diffArants. Lorsqua la document est trap grand pour Atre reproduit en un soul cilchA, 11 est fllmA A pertir de i'angie supArieur geuche, do gauche A droite, et de haut en baa, tt prenant la nombre d'imagas nAcesseire. Les diagrammas suivants iiiustrant la mAthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 '•T-^y Geographical GRAMMAR WHt«Cl« T U M OEOGRAPHICAL PART II T R O L y M D E R N; AND T M t PRESENT STATE or THI •IVIftAt. KINGDOMS of the WORLD ^ ^ It fi> interfpcHed, As to render the Study ofOBOGRAPRT l)bdi Emter TAIN I NO and I n STif w c ti vi. COMTAlNinO i. A Difcripticn sf the Figara tnd Motion of the Earth. II. Geographical Definitions and ProblenM, being a neceflary Intro- iiiAion to this Study. III. A general Divifion of the Globe iato Land and Water. IV'. Tht Sittttioa Md liMI if the ftvcial Countriee CMttuMi Uk CMII Omrter of the World ) their OW«i ^ief Towns, Hiiory, Pnkm tmt, refptAiveFonBaofOewenuDeiM^fnMib Rerenue^ Taxes, RcftlaliMSf IM I aiemorable Bvents. TOQBTHIR WITH An Account of the Air, Soil, Produce, Traffic, Curio fities, Aims, Religion, Langnaee, Univerfidei, Bifhopikki, Maaaena CiiftouM, Habits, aaa Coias, ia UA in the feveral Kiagdonu and Staiet deferibcd. By Mr. SA L MO N, Illvstratio With a Set of Twentythree New MAPS of the fevrral Countriej,i , drawn by the DinffUm of Mr. Sshmii, and cngrarad hf Mr. J ^ j f h ' OMgrapher to His Royal Highnefa the Priaee «f W*&as. The Sixth Edition, with very great Additiom and^;^ Iinproveineiits* I y Priated for W 1 1 l i aji .*> .4- } f "Jv TO His Royal Highness GEORGE, Prince of Wale 8,4 And to the reft of the Britijh Princes and Pqncefles, His Royal BROTHERS and SISTERS, TH IS N E W Geographical and Historical GRAMMAR, Is Humbly Dedicated, By the A U T H O R, *M I Thomas Salmon. ^ ;■'.> f^-.i -a[».-^n NS^ Vh^-»^ ^W %. P R E F A C TO THE NEW Geographical and Hiftorical GRAMMAR. creaf^ in the Britifh Toutb a laudable Ant" bitic i to excel in fucb Pttrfuits as mojl con- di e to their own Honour and HappinefSy and the Projperity of their Native Country^ was one principal Motive to this Undertaking. Curiojity is natural to the Soul of Man ; we are inquiji- tivey and wonderful felicitous to bi^ informed of every Things and every Mdn*s Concerns, ever ^ .'• a Fault •, and Jhall we be lefs inquijitive, lefs felicitous, n the Purfuit of ufeful Knowledge, and the mojl importa^ * Truths ? Can there be a rational Creature unconcerned to know the State of the World about him, and the Manners, Cujloms, andHiftory, of the feveral Nations his Cotemporaries? And does it not add infinitely to the SatisfaSlion of every Man that reads, to know the Time when, and the Place where^ great and memorable Anions were performed ? But the Labour and Difficulty that is ufually apprehended in making thefe Enquiries, frightens young Gentlemen from eUtempting to inform themfelves in thefe Particulars, though without a general Knowledge of them they are neither capable offerving their Country, nor qualified for Converfation. This Tra5l therefore prefents the Touth of Great-Britain with the World in Miniature, which, it is prefumed, will be found to contain the moji exaiJ Chronology , and the mefi perfe& 122^tfl ,sw^ 'f '**^*"'. nw^-p (»i) THE CONTENTS. AN IntroduSihn^ Containing^ i, ALefariptionoftbt 0^i Motion and Figure of the Earthy Page 15 2 . J general View of the Terrejirial Globe^ wiib the Definitions and Problems nectary t$ the Studjf «f Geography^ Page 1 7. And then rollows, 3. A particular Defcription of the fever al Kingdom and Commonwfolths of EUROPE. fFitb an Epitome of the Hiflory^ memorable Events^ and remarkable Curiojities of the refpe^he Countries^ in the following Order ^ I. s. a- I: I: Of Sfmn^ PtrtKga/f FroHct* Italy Swilttfrland, United Netberlandt Auftrimm Uttbttlanit^ Gtrwumjt Btbtmia^ |o. Urngmnff II. TrMnAkm Page 40 64 70 88 124 130 140 »47 170 «74 178 180 7raiijjfh/ania, IX. ScUntoniaf 1 1. Croatia and Morl^chia, 1 8 1 » ' i8z 14. P0/W. 183 15. Ruffia m l/hfcmrf, iqx 16. Snutitn, 204 17. Dtnmark and Nanjo4^t Page 214, 21; 18. Grtat Britain and Irtlamd, and the Iflands dependent on them, 22 { 19. Turkey in Europe ^ the anci- ent GrH€«, 414 20. The Tarkijb or Grteiam Iflands in the MtJiterraiuam and Levant Seas» 416 The reft of the Surofemu Iflands are defaibed with the C^n- tries to which they firipedive- ly beIonff» at thme of Staiu, treauti Italy , die Hitbermadst &C. i xii CONTENTS. 4. A f articular Defcriptiou of the feveral Kingdoms and CemmoHweahbs of S I A. i.,»! '-:# IVitb an Epitome of the Hiftory, memorable Events^ and remarkable Curiqfities of the refpeHive Countries^ viz. I. Of TurJitjf in Jfia, Page 424 I I $. India beyond Gmngti, P. 457 S. Arabim, 433 I I 6. China, 465 3. Ptrfia 439 7. 7artary Afiatie, 475 4. Iniiia within €aa£a, 447 ] | 8. Sihria and CircaJJia 477 72tf Indian cr Oriental ISLANDS. I. The LaJrpntt or Marian Iflandt, Page 478 a. T*/"* Ifl*n^s 481 3. P^A>;^'iM Iflands, 482 4. Molu€€at or C/0v# Iflands 486 5 Amttyna, ibid. •. ^«»i//« Xir#, Page 5to A7rW« Ifles. e8i Trimdadlttma, ibid, MargarettM, ibid. Cbilott iUd. GaUifan*% and Jmo Ftnuukff, ibid. Go/^Mlfle, thelfleof^/Mi, ibid. SamMla*aindB4jftiimMt»\ ibid. PORTUGUESE AMERICA. B R A S 1 L, 582 BRITISH AMERICA. I. Wfw Britain or iT/lt^ monjir, i»age 587 a. ^ri/f>& Canada and tf«y- ^w's Bay, ibid. 3. A9f« Scotia, 5ga 4. AVtu England ^ 594 5. Air^ r«r/, 60a 6. TheWgr/, Pace 602 J: rtnfilvama. 604 Maryland, 607 9- Firgitua, 610 10. North Carolina^ 6ao II. Sonib CartiiM, ibid. la. Giorgia^ Ibid. BRITISH li ' >^,^HiK36Jfe£(iM«i«r.tt-^ idr G O N T £ N t S. i« Jmmcaf 4. St. arijitfitr% i, Jwtigaa, t. DtaUmkmt y. Anfuilla, 10. M^ttfirratf 631 632 BRITISH AMERICAN ISLANDS. II. 7«^»* Page 634 i«. St. rincntt ibia. 13. St. £irna, ibid. 14. RuataH, deliver'd to Sp*im. 15. The Lmeaya\ ot Babamm Iflandt, of which Prtvidnut only is inhabited, ibid. 16. Btrmuda, or the Suiamt Iflands, 635 ibi< ibid. ibid. 634 ib&l. ibid. FRENCH AMERICA; frtncb^uia. Page 63; tmth Whridat 636 w, or EfmimSia/ Franee, ibid. ...>\\A. 1. St. MartsH, Page 636" 2. St. BartinimiWt ibid. 3. Dejtade, 637 4. GuMrJaJt^if ibid. ^. MarigalaMtt, ibid. 6. Martinitt, ibid. 7. Granada^ ibid. 8. GraiMfJilU\ 638 9. Hijpaniola. ibid. 10. St. OtfiXf ibid.. *^ D U T C H A M E R I C A. On the Continent. £>«/fi6 Iflands. Winam in ^M/i Amtrica, , P«gc 638. Page 638 ibid. ibid, ibid. .A DA ,pj N I SHAM E RICA. Danifli IJliand of St. Thomas, 639 Tam.^if Jmirica Hill (MlTefied bf the Indians^ 639, 640, Part.^C«ii«44, i^r«M«jr. and AVov Mt*U9i Paimgtium, a»d Ttrra dttyttfp \ Part of i^MHUKM. and Pa*ia or CmriUiana. Jht Natives of tbefe Oouiuries arc ftill afrec Peopit. INTRO- s. \ LANDS. ibid. ibid. liverM to Sftin. a\ or Bahrnmm which Prtvidntci abitcd. ibid, or the Sumimt 635 » y [ C A; Page 636"! mnuf ibid. ibid, ibid, ibid, ibid. 638 ibid, ibid.^ », I C A. Iflandi. ^•, Page 638 ibid, ibid. C A. nsj 639, 640 ;«<*/«» iRd 7irrr« t. pit. N TR O- -■ijt*^ ' U < L"' w ' W !.'"'^s5j *?-.i. '^^J: n^m fr^ Mill' .^nsji -r !'«;■» r^^.ifj -■^KBV I I -I ■' tKl Trm»» itHatoftj ^<* 2»4 mr£S. .y^ ♦—w f* / ,N»<*1 w c 1/ p*. /Vf> W'M klIAii» UC. 2'**4 '*'»r-4lii>«M6 «* *4» 0tt «(> iNwUt/'^ 'LllSlli tUM^fZ »jn m/. * 4^^*^-% fiTH ■^ .0/ ^'^ J3?- ■'i^^i ^m: J>^^ ^ '»»;^iK.%. ' ^ f* / *Io 'i'ei 4m J^ h-^^ ts tin , filMyar i y.«f-^' V-/M* 3r M s L .i»w«^ «> 4i ■■PI *IWIW I I MWII C '| »"H' j pi — • ?^j ' ^ ' . ' "" ■* " — J « ^,s§»> ,?>,.. .*T :^ i,/ '''^mk, '■ 'f'^ ■"'if •iii/iiiWHf ■% '^^ W^:k ■v7%^ n \ iidbr, who S«cd about dw cBlA^y e Cjrttndricai : Liutifpm letd tt to] )p^ chl^Opjnkm wu, that it waa a vfl fli I^sM WwT ^ otmoft Limit* ^ tVf ftMii., loaiids of the H6Hson, and that all bciim tht 1 Of -the (aaie OpiaioB were, many of th(i;uiciait poeu, jphent and.alAilJQiae of the Clftr^/M Fathera^ k'^'Cuf^ oak p( their Province, a« to mronoiwae, vlkietice) 1^ jBa^ ^ Id liedare there wat fach a Thing at tb^ Autifoiii : Bf whidt fUa. they thought thu the Earth wat not $]^er!qd. Thli iiilidii l^ral.G^iioq, aaVto- the Figure of ^the iBarth, in the Iq^ji^ nPAftloooii^ t'bqt when, by the Indvitf of fuoQeediBg^^Aj '' ^'^ l^dmriit to # tolerable D^g^ of Ferfeftion t and when fi Id Owcrtre, that the Moon wa» fireaoendly feen eeQpled 1^. . dow ct^ Earth, and that fooh Shadow always ^amMtfil wUdi Way ibevcr it wu prowled ; they could ho Mi^j the Sanh's being fpherical : But fince the hanpy Fmdiqg or Hlnfer*! Compafi, the Aigament of the Soheria^ of th' " Coike imfragable to ail Sorts of Peo|m. Tim n cvi circular Appearance of the Sea itfelfr af w«U as fropi die'^ bar of Voyages that have been made round it fiom'Eaft to WfC^j^ by ill«x#/£m*s Ship, in the Years 1519. !$so. aid icaftM,)<<4 Days{ by Sir Frmmdt Drake, in the Years IJ77, is7f»"l57i< W ic8o. In 1056 Days t and, laftly, by Commodore (liwii JIM) Ma, who, on die I5tb t^'Juae, I744^<^flicd hit lott|^yv «||Htti^^ Minfmiitipn of the DiRance between ltm4f» and |V^ foiinip G^aatiijr c^ a Degree to be abont 69^ £»x/tl& Milet. . ^iTheiv Pniloibphy and Mathematics bad arrived at 4 iUU ki|^ Denee tt Perfection, there icemcd to be vei'y foflkici|t lUm.lp thierikilolbphers of the laft Aae, to confider the Earth a# Ml iw Si^¥H^t among (hefe Sir Ifa«c NivHn and CMtkiMmfti.- T% both imajned that the Earth we« a Sftmii, m^ulfli i» ihiii Sir l^Tue ^riv/M endeav^nriag to ^rdvc it aa QUwSfUfM^ >'v •m ..■|V! ** %' . ■4-. . , • :, imgllf cmntadcd, durt k w«i a PnlaA t^^.- 9t fkOMiiB of 6M to 69s. Cs^Mi dkwght qoite £«MMifl^ ^' dutt«li|tqiui^i4 Piamcfer was flitMrter than th^ Axi« nf tM pdi C%pm^waa flroogl/ «fpoafcd« and «mriii^ ddlRidaii Farm l^'Tahu, daniiBg cbe Viltory. At laft it wai ptti 10 the ( joft 1HctfiOB> ^t of an aAoal Menfiuration of a Dcn-ee of the Mc- rtdiaSyi^dch wit done at the Expence, and by the Dirc^on c'die King of Ftvmetf who, in the Year 1736, fe^it a Compaiiy of very abla Mitfintjatieians, in order to meafure a Degree of the Meridian at ^ VbfeirOrcIe fii Lt^hnd, who, after a long and tedious Journey, ma^V 11 very accarate and &ijH|fadory Menfuration, which has been publih:. U ibneTine fince \klAoiAcw Mauptrttus^ in his Book of the Fir g^ of the Earth. 'Ilie Refult of this Undertaking turned ont molt WaB&y in Favour of Sir Jfaa^% Opinion. Cajiai has retraced whai hit had advanced, and die Netuttnim Philofophy ftands confirmed hi- jrond Cdntradidion. ;; Anbther ParQr of Matheinaticians, compofed of Frtncb and Sfti- mvdft was fent to the Equator, in ordef Ut depended on. .Thoagh it appears from hence, that the Earth is not truly Sphtric^lf jitl the Difference from that Figure is fo very fmall, as to make no fenfible Error in performing common Problems on the GIob!Sj,.fs Abo|^ it was really fo. As to the Motion oftLi Eartb^ though it was denied in the very ^urly Ages of the World, yet as foon as Aibonomical Knowledge began to be ftodied, the Motion of the Earth was afTerted, and r«. ceived fuck Force of Demonftration from the Wridngs ofCaftmiaUt ■a in a great Meafure to put it out of Doubt, by (hewing its great Ufe and Adtrantaee in Aftronosry : and which appeared fo very rcafotoable, diat all the Philofophers and Aitronomers of his Tin^, who duftt think differeady from the Crowd, and were not afraid of Eccfefiaftical Ceniare, were on his Side. The Aflronomers of the lafl and pre- Ceitt Ag< have produced fuch Variety of ftrong and forcible Argn* SicaiB m Favour of it, as muft effieAually gain the Aflient of every fair aaiC impardal Enquirer. Among many Keafons for the Motion of the Earth, I ft^ll produce two or three, vtx. If the Earth doaa • not mov« round the $tm, the Smh muft move with the illMs rouad dM Ettttk : fiom at the Diftance of the Sun to that of the Mooa, , bdng ii toy^ to 46, and the Moon's Period being left than aS Days, d|| Sob*! Period would be found ao leli thaa 142 Yean 1 ■ ' ' • ■ ■ whCRIli ^9^ ) 'ii»c "'••> " MtMthet ee of theMt* ircAien c^'Ae lyofvcryabte leridian at lie [oomey, m«^\; I been publifi:< )ok of the Fir trned ont molt retracted whak confirmed bf • Mtr^ and S/M- I Degree of the ma^ between ears, and their near the Tine the Gentlemep ; Accounts that not k. the leaft tnify Sphtric^li as to make no the Globef.»s xl in the very :al Knowledge Ferted, and it- rs of Caftmiaut ig its great Ufe ^ery rcafofiable, me, who dufft oFEccfefiaftical e laft and pie- forcible Argn- mt of every fair the Motion of Ehe Earth dow he MtM watA of the Moon, f left than it uk t^t Ytan I whcicn # ^'^w- mM M: In fitt, it it bot tdt rtbrt wbieh flii^lle CbttfidcfilMi Itfr. M^^^M thinks jof Weight enooeh to eftablUh the llMlbtt df H A*vit for ever. Agm; If .the fi«rth be «l Rttf, aad the Sttrs mof€, the Vdodtf of thefe letter naft be iaHftaift » end tef alt tM^ lidne Pwpofes are fully adwcred by a modcrMe Motiett of the EiflAi alone. Further, if we fuppofe the SOD-io iaoTe» and the SarUi tt> be fmd* obferve the Owiequence that Sow» from it t llie Smk*$ man Dif- tance from the Earth, is il,ooO Dtameters of the Earth, or 76 Million of Miles; confequently the Sun's diurnal Progrefi, when ih the Equator, muft be 470 Million of Miles ; and therefore^ muft move above 320,000 Miles To the Space of one-Minute, ^nd to fuppoie the Earth at Reft in the Center of the Syftein^ woold m^i^ dike fuch Confiifion and Diforder in the Science of A&onomy» as tp confound all the Calculations already efhbliihed, and in the Enddff'. ftroy all that beautiful Order and Harmony, which is viiible in iJw Ikrhole Creadbn. I ■■tiAiJi. 4 "if'^fct ! ■ I ll ) t- Geographical Defmkions. y G B o 6 RA p H y is dnd^rftood a Z>efoiptlbir of the Surface of the natural Terraqueous Glbbj^ oonfiftmg of Earth and Water* whkh ii rep)R& iented by die Artifidal Globe. Ctrcmitfkrtmt amJ Diamttr if the 6leit.] The Circam&renee df the GloH is divided into 360 Parts or Degrees, every Degree con' tainliijr6o gragraphic Miles; cdnfequently the Globe is si^oo fuch Milea round t and the Diameter dmoft a^^ird ^ait of the Cir- cumCerence, or ^600 Miles, ^ut as 60 geographic Miles are above 69 MSles Mritijb Meafure, the Circuit of the Glpbe is therefore 24,840 MngHjIt Miles, and the Diameter alihoft a Third, or 7900 Miles. Circlei,o Tfd- pics of CtuKtr and O^rieim i and 6. The two fyar Circles. At^ a line jpafles through the Center of the Gbbe, called its Jxif„4m whkh ititurns round every twenty-four Hours. The Ends or eotr treme Points of this Jxit are odled the Ft>/es of the Earth j the JM the Artitt Or North Pole ; the other the Jntarikt or Sootk -Mm The B»U$ of our Htrizm are two Points, the one direAly ovdr lOnr Heads, c$Xk& the Zenitbi and the other oppofite to it under OttrFiB|» called the JVA^r. Equator.] 1. The Equator, called alfo t)\e £j»im£i4i Lim^ M* vides the Globe into two equal Parts, or Ilemiiphetes) t'le OBf B North, 1 8 GagmplnddDefiiHiiiiSi Northf anci th« otker South ;. on this CireU the Degreet of are marked. ParaUilt.] The Lines parallel to the Equator are lo Degreet or 600 Miles afundcr ; and there being 90 Degrees between the Eqmatm- and either P»kt or nine Times 600 Miles, coniequently there are 54xx>< geographic Miles between the Equator and the Polt, which is a tottfth Part of the Circumference of^ the Globe. Brazen Meridian.] t. The Brmxin Meridiaii (eparates the Eaftem from the Weftera Hemi/fJbere, dividing the Globe alfo into two equal FartSi upon which Cirelt are marked the Degrees of Latitude. ThbijJUeridiMid Lines are ufoally 24, being 15 Degrees, or one Hour aiunder. A Place, 15 De^es Weft of us, h^ the Sum an Hour after us. (By the Sum here is meant the Noom-day Sun, which appears always on the fame Line at Noon-day ; on the contrary, the Sua never appears to rife or fet two Days at the lame Point). "Horizon.] 3. The Wooden Herizon, in which the Globe hangs, divides the Upper from the Lower Htmifpberey terminating our Views cyery Way. There are 90 Degrees between the Horizon and the Zt- nidit ; when the Sun comes withm 90 Degrees of the Zenith, it becomes vifible there, and their Day commences : When it is defoended 90 Degr^ from xht Ztnitlf, it becomes invifibic ; dien Night* com- mences, becaufe the Sun is then under the Horizon. '^ 2kKliac and Ecliptic] The Zo^aeh a broad Circle, diatcuts the iquater obliquely ; in which are the Conftellation, or Stirs that form d^e refpc£Uve Signs. The Etliptie is a Line paffing through Ae Middle of the Zodiac, and (hews the Sun's Path, or annual Courfe, advancing or retiring 30 Degrees in every Month. The twelve Signs are. I. Aries T — Taurus b * Gemini n Cancer ss - Leo SI — — f^irgo' tJJl 2. 3- 4- I; March April Mof June Auguft Tropics, Cancel' «» that all Places under that Meridian (and particularly Naples) have the Sun jkn Hour fooner than London has it ; on the cont cry, Ic( the Index be let at the upper 12 again^ and let the Globe he turned Ic Degrees from Weft to Eaft^ and the Index will point at 11, becaufti all Places under that Meridian* particularly the Madeira lilands, have the Son an Hour after London has it. Reaifying the Globe txplaitied] By RefHfying the GlobCj is under- ftood die raifing or elevating we Pole as many J^egrees above tho Horizon, as the Latitude of the Place is \u will find tlM Latitude marked 41 ; then bring PtUr/h^ to the wazen Meridian, and you will fee it lies under the Degree of 60 ; which lhew£ there are 29 Degrees of Latitude Difference between Coif- ftUntiitepU and Feterfiurg. Sluadrant of Altttiule.'] The pliant narrow Plate of Brafs, fcrew'd on to the brazen Meridian, contains 90 Degrees, or ode Quarter of the Circumference of the Globe, by which aie meafured the Dif- tances and Bearings of one Place from another. DiflaKct of Plates meafured.] For though the Diftance of two Places on the fame Meridian, dlre£lly North and South of each other, may be known by reducing the Number of Degrees to Miles ; aiiJ the Diilanccs of two Places, which lie under the fame Parallel, may be known by the Table, which ihews how %iany Miles make a De- gree of Longitude in every Latitude ; yet it is not eafy to difcover the Diflance of two Places, which lie in an obliqne Direction from each other, without meafuring them by 'the Quadrant of Altitude or Com- paffts ; which is done by applying the CompafTcs to the Equator, after you have mesfured the Ditlance between the two Places : For Inftance, extend the Compafles, from Guinea in J/hcat to Braseil in Amerka, and then apply them to the Equator, ar.d you will find the Diftance between Cuiuea and Brazil to be 25 Degrees, which, at 60 to a Degree, makes the Diftance 1500 Miles, 20 Degrees being 1 mo Miles, and cbe 5 Degrees 300 Miles ; and if you would bring thefe geographic Miles into Englifit Milei, add one to every nine, or make every 90 Miles one hundred, and every 900 one thoufand, and you will come pretty near the Truth : Thus the Circumference of the Globe appears to be about 24840 £«rf///& Miles, and the Diameter about 7900 fuch Miles. • If you meafute the Diftance between two Places by the Quadrant in any Diredion, that will give the Ninnber of Degrees, which you may reduce to Miles: There is no need of applving the Quadtant to the Equator, hecaufe the Degrees are mark'd on the Quadrant. The fbllowiog Table ihews the Number of geogiaphic Miles in a Degree of Longitude in every Latitude. A TABLE ■ [21] TABLE, SHEWING J The Number of Miles contained in a Degree of Longitude, in each Parallel of Latitude from the Equator. fl TABLE .^ th Parts a Mile. u. ^ 28 57 32 40 87 03 la 28 S3 00 58 3« 48 88 ox 04 29 52 28 59 3» 00 89 01 «4 30 5' >''> 60 30 CO 90 00 00 1 B} ti Ceograpbieal DefiniHom, FIVE ZONES, THE Zones are five broad Circles which pncompafs the GIob«4 and we diftingyjflied chiefly by the Teinp«rature of thf Air. Torrid Zone.] l. The Torrid Zcne contains all that Space be-- twe^n the two Tropics, To called from its exceflive Heat, the Sun being Vertical iwicc every Year to all that inhabit it. This ^ircl^ \% ^7 Degrees broad. Tcmpfratey Zones.] t. The tv/o Ttmferau Zenej fo (Tenomicated from their lying between the two Extremes of Heat ;ind Cold, i/'z. between the Torrid Zone and the Frigid Zones \ ihe one called the Northefn Ttmperctt Zone, the other the i>oulheru Tempiratt Zene; thefe ^e either of them 43 Degrees broad. Frigid Zones.] 3. The two Frigid ZontSf the one encompafllng the North, or Artie Pole, at the Diilance of 23! ; and the other the South or Antartic Pole, at the fame Diftance. Climates.] A Climate is a Space orf the Globe between two fop- pofed parallel Lines, where thp Day is increal«:d half an Hour in th(; (efler Parallel. Tit Incrittft if Hal/ an Hour, in the Length of a Day, ' ccnftitutes a CUmatt.'\ For as this Day is always 1 2 Hours long upon the Equa^ tor, it increafes in Length, in Fropoi tion to the Diflance the Country lies Nofth or South of the Equator. Thofe that live 8 Degrees 25 Minutes North or South of the Equator, have a Day of 12 Houri and a half, when the Sun is in the Summer Signs ; and when ths Sun is as far on the oppofite Side of the Equator, they have a Ni^hc of 1 2 Hours and a half; this therefore is called the End of the tx\ Climate. When the Sun is advanced 16 Degrees 15 Minutes North or South of the Equator, the Days (on that Side the Sun is of) are 1 3 Hours long ; and v hen the Sun is retired as far oh the oppofite Side of the Equator, the Nights are 13 Hours long, but the Spaces be- tween |he Climates are not equal ; for, though the (trft Climate bo above % Degrees broad, the 9th Climate, which we inhabit, is not 3 Degrees broad : At the Polar Circles, beginning in 66{ Degrees, they have a Day of a Monui long at the Summer Solilice, and a Night as long as the Winter Solllice ; and .tt the Pules there is one Day of fix Months, and a Nij»ht of fix Months. There are thirty Climates between the Equator and the North Pole, and as many between the Equator and the South pole: In the firft twenty-four Climates between the Equ ttor and either Polar Circle, the Days increafe by half Hours as haii been obfcrvcd already; but in the remaining Ax Climates between fach Polar Circle and the Pole, the Days increafe by Months, as .ippcars by the following Table of ^limatcs, flicwing what Climate every Country is in. \ 7 8 9 10 II 2 Al»4 Geogrephkal Definitions . 23 And the Climate may be known alfb by the Globe, for k ii ohiy rectifying the Globe for the Place inquired for. and obierving what is the longeft Pay in that Place, and io many half Hoora at the lot^geft Day exceeds 1 2, fuch is the Number of the Climate ; for Inftance, you will find the longell Day at Cambridge to bo 16 Hours and a half, which is 9 half Hours above 1 x, and confequently here the 9th Cli- mate ends, and the 10th Climate begins. CLIMATES between the E (^.u a t o r and Polar Circles. i 1 2 3 4 9 10 II 2 a o «3 •31 '4 Hi «5 I - ' 16 .6^ 17 18 Latitude. D. M. 16 25 23 50 30 25 36 28 41 22 45 29 49 o' J2 00 54 27 56 37 ^8 iq ^ Breadth. S q la D. M »3 s 8 25 i8t 8 00 «4 '9, 7 25 »5 I9i 6 30 16 20 6 08 »7 ioi 4 54 18 21 4 07 •9 21 i 3 3* 20 22 ^ 57 21 "*^ 2 29 22 23 2 10 23 231 • 1 K2 1 *4 24 Latitude. D. M 59 58 61 18 62 25 63 22 64 06 64 49 65 21 65 47 66 c6 66 20 66 28 66 ,1 Breadth. D. M. 29 20 07 57 o 44 o 43 o 32 o ;i o 19 o 14 o cS o m CLIMATES between the Polar Circles and the Poles. Length of Days. Months. I a 3 Latitude. D. 69 73 M. 21 48 Length of Days. Latitude. Months. D. M. 4 78 30 5 84 o> 6 go CO B4 24 Get^apbical Defimtioni, fbe Inhabitants if the Earth are difiinguijhed iy the Jlsverai Meridians and Parallels under which thty Uve^ and are denominated either Pcriasci, Antxci, or Antipodes. PeriaKi.] i. The Pcriad lire under the fame Parallel, batoppofite Meridians ; the Lencth of their Days and their Seaibiit are the Cune, Icing at tKe lame Diflance from the Equator ; but when it is Noon- day with one/ it is Midnight with the other, there beine i:; Hours be- tween them in either an Ball or Wed Dire£Uon : Thefe are found by the Hour Index, or by turning the Globe half round (that is, i 8q Degrees) either Way ; fori the Hopr Index being fet kt the upper Twelve, cr Noon-day, on turning the Globe half xound, it willpoir^t iat the lower Twelve, or Midnight. Anta:ci.l z. The Jntaci lie under the fame Meridian, but oppofite Parallels: Thefe are equally diibnt from the Equator, but toe one in South Latitude, and the other in North Latitude. Thefe have the 1^ lame Noon-day, but the longed Day of the one is the diorted Day with the other ; the Len:>th of the Day with one is equal to the other's Night, and theii Seafons a:e diiterent; when it is Summer with one, it is V^intei; with the other i Thefe are found by counting as many Degrees on the oppofite Side of the Equator, as the iirtt Place on this Side; for Example, fuppofe fripoli in Barbary be iltuate in 15 Degrees of Eadern Longitude, and 34 Degrees of North Latitude, and the Cape efCcod Heft is fituatein 15 Degrees of Eaftern Longitude, and 34 Degrees of South latitude, then are the Inhabit tants of the Cape the Anttra to thofe of Tripoli ; for the Cape lies un? dec the fame Meridian, but on the oppofite Parallel. Antipodes.] 3. The Jtitipeda are fituate diametrically oppofite to each other, the Feet of oue dircAly againd the Feet of the other, lying under oppofite Parallels, and oppodte Meridians ; «t is Midnight with the one, when it is Noon -day with the other ; the longed Day with the one is the (horted Day with the other; the Length of the Day with the one is equal to the other's Night; and the Seafons are oppofite. Thefe are found by turtiing the Globe and the Index half round, and then counting as many Degrees of Latitude on the oppofite Side of the Kqiyitor, as the tlrd Place is on this; or if you count 180 De- grees of Latitude on the fame and the oppofite Meridian, being half tlie Circumference of the Globe, it wilt bring you to the fame Point. ^hc Ink! hit (Wis cf the Earth are dijlinguijhed alfo by their Shtnir.ivs failifig different Wc^s ct Noon- day ^ and are de- mmnctcd either Am^\\\[Q\\^ A\c\\, Heterolcii, ^Pcrifcii, Amphifdi J 1. The Amphi/oii nre fituate in the Tend Zone, be- tween the two Tropics, and have their Shadows one Part of the Veaf North of them tit Nnon-day, and another Part of the Year South of them lit Noon dav, .nccording to what Plaf« of the Ecliptic the Sun ii in ; ard. as the {)un u Vertical to theiie Icoj le twice a Yejtf, they are then ciJItd * Afcii.J Gi6grapbUal Pfhlems. 15 Afcii.] 2. 4f"'* luviog no Shadow at Noon-day, He^erc^i.] 3. The Heterefdi are thofe who inhabit either of the Temperate Zones, or thole Spaces between the Tropics and the Polar Circles, whofe Shadows alwavs fall one Way ; the Shadows of thofe in the Northern Temperate Zone falling always Nonh at Noon-day, and thofe in the Southern Temperate Zone falling always Soath at Noon-day. * , Perifcii.] 4. The Peri/ai are thofe who inhabit either Frigid Zone between the Polar Circles and the Poles. Here the San moving only round about them, without fetting, when it is in the Summer Signs, their Shadows arc caft every Way. Spheres ^tfaeJ.] The Words Spiert and G/oie are fynonimoas Terms, or Words of the fame Import, either of them Signifying « round Ball, every Part of whofe Surface is equally diilant from the Center ; though fome have appropriated the Word Spbert to the Fur- niture of the Globe, the Brazen Meridian, Horizon, i^c. The Globe is denominated a Right Sfiere, a Parallel Sfbtre, or an oblique Sphere, according to thePofition the Globe is in. . J Right Sphere.] i. A Right Sphere has the Poles in the Horizon, the Equator pafllng through the Zenith and Nadyr, and falling with the Parallel Lines perpendicularly upon the Horizon. Para//;/ Sphere. J z. A Parallel 5>^frr has the Poles in the2^nith and Nadyr, the Equator coinciding with the Horizon, and the Parallel Lines parallel to the liorizon. Ohliqut Sphere.] 3. An Oblique Sphere has the Equator partly above, and partly under the Horizon ; and the Equator with the ?«!• pUel Lines falling obliquely upon the Horizon. '■1 PROBLEMS, Dimendons of the Globe. fo find the Extent of the Globe's Surface in fquare Miles^ and its Solidity in Cubic Meafure. ULTIPLY the Circumference by the Diameter, and rfiat will give the Superficial Content. M Tnen muniply that Frodu^ by | of the Diameter, and that will give thefolid Content of the Globe. Ti? find the Sun's Place in the Ecliptic. Ob&rve Uie Day of the Month in the Calendar on the Horizon* and oppoflte to it you will find the Sign and Degiee of the Ecliptic, in which the Sun is ; then look for that SiQrn and Decree on th« Ecliptic Line, drawn upon the Globe, and bring that Place to the brszcn Meriili.in, which will ihevv the Parallei liue on which t)Mr Sun moves that Day. i6 Geographical Prohltm. To find where the Sun is Vertical on an^ JD^rr. Turn the Globe roond, and obferve, as yoa turn it, what Pfaces lie on the Parallel, or Line on which the Sun mores; for in all Places on tfiat Parallel the Sun is Vertical that Day. To find Inhere the Sun is Vertical at a certain Hour. Kaving reiflified the Globe, bring the Place where you are to the bmzen Meridian, and fct the Index of the Hour Circle at the Hour of the Dny ; then turn the Globe till the Index points to the upper i %t and pbfcrve under the brazen Meridian that Degree or Parallel, in which the Son moves in the Ecliptic that Day, for in that Pb.ce the Sun is Vertical the prefcnt Hour. If it be Morning, the Globe muft \)C turned from Fail to Weft ; if it be in the Afternoon, turn the Globe from Weil to Halt. To find where the Sun is rifing^ fettlng^ and in the Meridian. Rf ftify the Globe according to the Sun's Place in the Eclipric, that is, raife the Pule as much above the Horizon, as the Sun's Place is declined from 'be Equator, and bring the Place where the Sun 'is Ve '•■'-al nt that Hour to the brazen Meridian, which will then be in ihe Zenith. i hen in aH Plnces on the Weftern Edge of the Horizon, the Sun is riiing ; in all Places on the Eaftern Side of the Horizon, the Sun is fet- ting ; and in all i'laces under the b;azcn Meridian it is Noon-day. To find the Length of the Icngcjl Bays and Nights in alt Places of the Earth at cm View. Keep the GloVe in the Pofition required by the laft Problem, that is, with tlie Sun's Place in the Zenith ; then obferve the Length of the Arches or Paiallels of Latitude that are above the Horizon, which aie called the Diurnal Arches, for they ftievv the Length of tb« Days ; and thofe Arches below the Horizon, called the NoAurnal Arches, fliew the Length of the Nights. For Inftance, having rc6\ifiicd the Globe by bringing the Sun's Place into the Zenith, for the 2 2d oi June, 1 fliall find there are 16 Meri- dional Lines between the Eall and Wert Sides of the Horizon, crofling the Parallels of Latitude, or Diurnal Arches, in 50 Degf^-s of Nort^ Latitude; confcquently tl' .'"^""y is 16 Hours long in all » laces in the upper Ilcmifphere, fituaiC in qo Degrees of North Latitude, and the Nights 8 Hours long; and in 50 Degrees of Southern Latitude, the Nights will appear to be 16 Hours lung, and the Days but 8 Hours lonp, at the fame Time of the Year. The Globe I make Ufc of has juft 24 Meridional Lines upon it, which arc very properly called Hour Circles, the Space between each Meridional Line being 15 Degrees of Longitu4c, or ot.e Hourj again. Getgriphicai Problems^, *7 sgain, connt the Namber of Meridional Lines between the Eaft and Weft Sides of the Horijion, in 60 Degrees of North Latitude, which is the Latitude of Petirjhurg in RpJ/ta, and of Btr^im in Ntrway ; and in this Latitude you will count near 19 Meridional Lines ; conie- quently at thofe Places their longed Day is almoft 19 Hours long, at the Summer Solftice, and their Nigha as long as the Winter Solftice; then count the Number of MeritHonal Lines in 30 Degrees of North Latitude, whiph is the Latitude of Grand Cairo ^ and here yon will number fomeihing more than 14 Meridional Lines ; and confequently the Day is a little more than 14 Hours long at the Summer Solftice, and their Nights of the fame Length at the Winter Solftice ; thus you will find the Lf ngth of the Days and Nights at every Place at once, by reftifying the Globe according to the Sun's Place ifi theEdiptic; ;'. e by elevating the Pole as many Degrees above the Horizon, as the Sun is declined irom the Equator, ^be ufual Way of finding the Length of the Day in any particular Place. Elevate the Pole as many Degrees above the Horizon as the Lati- tude of the Place is you inquire of; then bring the Sun's Place to the Eaft Side of the Horizon, and fet the Hour Index at Noon, and turn ^hc Globe from Eaft to Weft, unjtil the Sun's Place touch the Weft Side of the Horizon, and the Hour Index will ftiew the Number of Hours the Day is long ; for Inftance, if the Hour Index points to 4 in the Morning, which is 4 Hours beyond the lower 1 2, then are the Pays 16 Hours long. Again, bring the Sun's Place to the brazen Meridian, fetting the Index at the upper 22, and turn the Globe from Weft to Eaft, tiK it touch the Eaft Side of the Horizon, and then fee at what Flour the Index poidts, for that is the Hour the Sun rifes at ; then bring thQ Sun's Place to the brazen Meridian again, and, having fct the Index ^t 12, turn t' I Globe from Eaft to Weft, till the Suit's Place touches the Weft Side of the Horizon, and the Index will point at the Hour the Sun fets at.^ ft find when the Twilight begins and ends. The Twilight begins in the Morning when the Sun approaches writhin 18 Degrees ot our Horizon, and ends in the Evening, when the Sun is defcended 1 8 Degrees below the Horizon ; but a; near the Equator, the Sun fets perpendicularly, it will defcend 18 Degrees below the Horizon, within half an Hour after Sun-fet, when dark Night commences in thofe Latitudes; whereas in hip;her latitudes, and particularly with us in 50 Degrees of North Latitude, the Suu fets fo obliquely in Winter, that it is near two Hours before dark Night commences ; for the further diftant any Place is from the Equator, the more obliatiely the Sun fets on fuch Place, and confc- fluently ib much longer tne Twilight continues. At «8 Ga^^bical PrMtms, At btnekn, when the Sun's Declination North u greater than 20| Degrees, there is no total Darkneii, but conltant Twilight ; which happens from the 26th olMin to the 18th of Jtdj^ being near two Months ; under the North Pole the Twilight ceafts» when die Sun*s Pcdination is greater than iS Degrees South, which is from the 13th of Kwmbtr till the 29th of January ; fo that notwithilanding the Son is abient in that Part of the Worfd for half a Year together, yet total Darknefs does not continue above 1 1 Weeks, and befides the Moon is above the Horizon for a whole Foresight of every MonUl ihioughont the Year. Tefftd what Hour it is in any other Tart of the World, Efevate the Pole as niach above the Horiaon as the Latitude of die Place is where you are, and having brought that Place to the brazeil l^eridian, fet the Index at the Hour of the Day; then turn the Globe, and bring the Places (of which you would enquire the Hour) fucoef^ fivcly to the brazen Meridian, and the Index will point to the feveral Hours; for Inftance, fuppofe a Perfon be at London at 12 o'CIock at Noon, and the Globe reftified for Londen; then London being brought to the brazen Meridian, and the Index fet at 1 2, tern the Globe till Hafks comes to the brazen Meridian, and the Index will point to the Figure of One, Uoplts being 15 Degrees to theEaftward of Lmdcn ; and all Places lying 15 Degrees Baft of Ltndon^ have their Koon-day an Hour before us. Then continue to turn the Globe 15 Degrees further, and you will find Peterfiutg^ Con/antinepfe, and Grand CairOf under the brazen Meridian or near it ; confequently the Index will point to the Figure of Two, theft three Cities having the Noon- day Sun about two Hcuis before us. If you torn it another 15 De- grees, the Index will point 10 the Hour of Three, .r all Places lying dicn under the brazen Meridian, being 45 Degrees Eaft of us, have the Son three Hours before us ; and thus, for every 1 5 Degrees you turn the Globe, fo many Hours the People fituate un4er fuch Meridians have the Sun before us. On the contrary, if you would know what Hour it is at any Place 1 5 Degrees Well of us, redifyjng the Globe for Lcndon^ as before, and liaving fet the Index at 12, turn the Globe till that Place cames under the brazen Meridian, and the Index will point to the Hour of I'.leven, becaiife ail fuch Places, as lie 1 5 De- S reel Well of us, have the Noon*day Sun one Hour after us, as' at e Madtirdt. Continue to turn the Globe until BarheJott, which lies near 60 De- grees Weft of London, comes under the brazen Meridian, and the Index will point to the Hour of Eight ; all Places lying 60 Degrees, or four yimft% 1 5 Degrees Weft of us hiving the Sun four Hours after trs. Thw, if you know how many De^^rees any Place is Faft or Weft of us, you know the Hour of the Day in fuch Plate ; and, if you know how many Houis any Place has the Snn before or after us, then you know how many Degrees fuch Place is Eaft or Weft of us Thus (he Longitude of any Place may bs known at Land by the Ecliples; for Giagrsptakal Probia for if onePerfon in OU E»glMul o\jfem» that ths Eclipfe bappetied at Sat Night, and another ac Ck/r Brttom in Jmtricn, oMervM that thtf iame Eclipfe did not happen tilt 12 at Night there, then lie kn^wa that Cfife BrttM lies 60 Degree* Weft of Out England. i To find when it begins to be continual Dip or Nigbt^ wHk-' in the Polar Circles, and bow long it continues fo, Oblierve the Sua** Place in the Ecliptic ; for (b maay Dcgraei a» [die Sun is declined North or South of the Equator, fo many Degrees from the North or Soiith Pole, it begins to be coatinual Day, or oon- tinnal Night: Or, in other Words, the Sun appears to be oontintaiiy [ above or under tlie Horizon for fotne Time. As foon as the Sun has entered Jriet (March tz,) die Day OOM* ! menccs at the North Pole, and this Day continues fix Mondis, «urs. till the Sun retires to Ubra (Septembtr ij.J when it moves, oa ike fame Line again; and the Sun no fooner paiTes to the South of the Equator, but Ni^t commences at the Nonh Pole, and it condnaiet I Night for fix Months; namely, till the Sun advances 10 jhikst maA [moves upon the EquinoCUail again. On the contrary, it oontiauea [Day at die South Pole, all theie fixMoadis the Sun is iathe Soatkcm |Sign£. Again, fuppofe the San to, be in tbeS^n of TVianw, and decliaed 10 Degrees North of the Equator ; then continual Diay conuMocea 10 Degrees from the North Pole, and that Day continues for foaC Months ; namely, till the Sun retires to f^trgo when it moves upon the fiime Parallel again ; for fo long the Sun continues above dMf Horizon ten Degrees from the North Po^e, and (o many Mondis thtf Night continues at ten Degrees from the South Pole, the Sua being all that '^['ime under the Hoiizon theie. Suppofe again the Sun in Gemini, i. : declined 20 Degrees North of the Equator, then continual Day commences xo Degrees kom tht North Pole, and that Day continues two Months ; namdy, till tfaa Svn retires to Lt9, when it moves en the lame Parallel agam. Oa t!ie contrary. Night commences 10 Degrees from the South Poter when the Day begins 10 Degrees from the North Pole ; and then die Nights in the Antartic Circle are equal to the Days in the Artie CirdCr and fo vice vtrja. ' ' At other I'imes '>f the Year, when it is not perpetual Day, or Night, the Sun rifes and lets within the Polar Circles, as it does ia' Places fituate without the Polar Circles ; and you find the Length of the Day by reAifyipg the Globe, or elevating the Pole as many De- grees above the Horizon, as the Latitude of vat Place is, about which the Enquiry is made. To find, the Sun*s Meridian Altitude, or how nuopf Degrees the Sun is above the Horizon at l^ioon-doy, at auy'Timt of the Tear, Take the Quadrant of Altitude, and meafure how many Degrees tbcie are between the SunS Place and the Horizon : Or bfing tht Sim's 30 Geogr^bicdl Problemsi SuD*« Place to the brazen Meiidiaiit and count the Degrees irt Ii'tcft Manner upon the brazen Meridian, which will in this Caie and many others fupply the Place of a Quadrant. For Innance, when the Sun is apon the Equator, you will find 40 Degrees between the Sun's Place and the Horizon : In the Summer Sollice CJ""' 22.) yon will find the Sun's Place 63! Degrees a^vtf the Horizon : At the Winter SoUlice (Decimher 22.} you will find the Sun's Place but i6\ Decrees above the Horizon. Thus, on taking the Height of the Sun at Sea by a Quadrant, they know what Latitude they are in. For Inftance. they know that at the Summer Solftice (Junt 22.) the Sun is near 64 Degrees above the Horizon, i.. the South of England: Therefore when they come to take the Height of the Sun by their Quadrants at Noon-day, and find that the Sun is 74 Degrees above the Horizon, they know that they are 10 Degrees to the Southward of Emglaiul, which, being rec'uced to Miles, mSnti 600 Miles. Again, if they find at the Summer Solftice fyune 22.) the Sun is but 54 Degrees above the Horizon, they know that they are 10 De- grees North of the South cf England. The Longitude, as has 'D«:en obferved already, is found by the Edipies at I^nd ; but it will fcarce ever be found at Sea, until we have ibme certain Meafure for Time. If a Watch would go true, it would only be obfervlng how much our Watch differed from the Meridian or Noon-day, where we Hap- pened to b<^ ; and we fliould know how maivy Degrees Eail or Weft we were re^t.^ved from the Place we took our Departure from. If we had failed Weft, the Watch would be fafter than the Son ; if we had failed Eaft, it would be flower than the Sun. For Inftance, if I failed to Naples, 1 ; Degrees Eaft of the Place I took my Departure from, my Watch would oe but Twelve, when it was One at Naples. On the other Hand, if I failed to the Madeira*Si 1 5 Degrees Weft, I ftiould find my Watch to ftand at One, when the Sun was in their Meridian, or it was Twelve o'Clock at Madeira \ every Degree of Longitude being four Minutes of Timci and every 1^ Degrees one Hour. To find the Italic Hour, The Italians begin their Day at Sun-fet, therefore we muft firft find at what Hour the Sun fet in Italy (fuppofe at Naples) laft Night If it was at 7, then you begin to count from 7, and go on to 24, for the Italians do not divide their Days, as we do, into twice 12 Hours. Then at 7 this Morning, according to them, it was 12, and at 13 o'clock it would be 1 7 with them, if Naples lay under the fame Meri- dian ; but, as they have the Sun an Hour before us, it is 1 3 o'Clock with them, when it is 7 in the Morning with us, and 18, when it is 12 at Noon with us. The BeUyionians began their Day at Son-rift ; confequently we muft know at what Hour the Sun rofe at Babylon, and begin to count the Hours from thence, and make an Allowance of as many Hours as Ba- hjloH is fituate to the Eaft of us. Ceographkal PrdktHf. 5« As to the Jruftt they always begin their Day «' a(l, land fete due Weft, to tvtiy Place on the Face of the Earth : And then Ithe Days are 1 2 Hours long all the World over. The Days are always 1 2 Hours long on the Equator, and they do [not increafe more than an Hour within 16 D°"-'"es on either Side of the Equator : For their Days are never more than i 3 Hours loi-,g in ISummer, and 1 1 in Winter, and the Nights proportionable, when Ithe Sun is in the oppofite Signs. For every Part of the World has an lequal Share of Light and Darknefs ; if the Days are 20 Hours Jong lat the Summer SollHce, the Nights are 20 Hours long at the Winter Solftice ; and at the Poles, where they have a Night of fix Months* { they have a Day of fix Months , ro meafwre the Bijlances of Places from cm another, and their Bearings. If two Places lie on the fame Meridian, dircfllv North and South of each other, it is only counting the Number of Degrees between them, and reducing thofe Degrees to V::«, every Degree of Lati- ' * tuic Ceegraphicai Prohtems, ^lAng 60 Mographic Miles, 5 Degrees joo Miles, an*} 10 lies. If txAe Degrees ^00 Miles. ~ If two Places fie onlhe fame Parallel Line, di- re^ Eaftand Weft of each other, then it muft be known how manv Miles there are in a Degree of Longitude in that Latitude thef lie in, which may be feen by the Table inierted in this Wbik at Page ai ; cr the Number of MHes in a Degree may be known by meadfuring the Space between the two Places with Conipanes, and cbierving what Proportion a Degree of Longitude in that Latitude bears to a Degree of Longitude meafured on the Equator : For Inftance, if yon meafure a Degnee of Longitude on the Eauator, it is always 60 Miles there ; but, if yon meafure a Degree of Loncitude in 60 Degrees of Latitude, there ffo but 3c Miles to a Degree, becaufe the Space between two Meridional Unes, in 60 Degrees of Latitude, is but half fo broad as it is on the Equator. If you would meafure two Places on the Globe* that lie in an ob- lique DirAeion, then you take thelXftance with your Compares; and, applying the Compares afterwards to the Equator on the Globe, that win (hew the Number of Degrees, which, being reduced to Miles, gives the Number of Miles between the two Places. So if you extend the Quadrant of Altitude from one Place to the tother, that will ihew the Number '^f I?*»n>es in like Manner^ which may be reduced to Miles* Upon Maps^ there always is a Scale of Miles, (0 that any Dilbnces may be taken off with Ccmpafl^s : Or* if you know how many Miles are contained in a Degree of Longitude in the Latitudes they lie in, you may give a pretty near Gnefs at the Dillances. If you obferve the Scide of the Map alio, it will be a pretty good DireAion. For Inftance, if the Map be ,600 Miles long, then a tenth Part of that Spacemuilbe6o Miles, and fo in Proportion inmeafuring other Diftances. To find how one Place bears of another, bring one of the Places to the Zenith, and from thence extend the Quadrant of Altitude to the other Place; then obferve the Angle at the Zenith made by the Qua- drant of Altitude and the brazen Meridian, which may be done by a Protedlor, or a quadrated Circle on Paper, which being reduced into Rhumbs, at 11" 15' for each Point of the Compafs will give the true Point of bearing from the one Place to the other. The bearing of two Places, fays Mr. Harris, is determined by a Sort of Spiral Line, called a Rhumb Line, pafflng between them in fuch a Manner, as to make the fame or equal Angles with all the Meridians through which it paflfeth. From hence may be ihewed the Error of that geographical Para- dox, a z. if a. Place J bears from another B due Weft, J7 (hall not bear from ^due Eaih 1 find this Paradox vindicated by an Author, who at the iame Time gives us a true Definition of a Rhun>b Line ; but his Aiguments are ungeometrical ; for if it be admitted that the Baft and Weft Lines make the fame Angles with all the Meridians through which they pafs, it will follow, that thefe Lines are Parallel of Latitude ; for any Parallel of Latitude is the Continuation of the Surface of a Cone, whofe Sides are the Radii of the Sphere and Cir- 1 . cUiilerence tagiference of its Bale, In the iiU Pmlfel ; and it h evident lliat aU the Meridiani cot the tfd Si^ ftce at right (and thcreibre at cqoal) AneK whence H fMemt that the Rhmnbi of Baft and Weft are th« I Paralleii of Lititode, though the Cafe maffeem dilhrent, when w« [draw inclining Line* (Ukt Meridians) ttpoM Paper, without c an y i ng [oar Ideas anjr nrther. fa find in what Paris of the Earth an Mel^fe tf tbt MocnmUbfoifthlt, ^ Brh^the Sdn*s Place in the Bdiptic (at that Itodr dl* j^odn U EccKpfed) into the Zenith^ theh the Eclipfe will he infible in alt thofe iPlaces that are under th^ Horiton t And If the Antipodes to the Placed [where the Sun is vehiciil bfc brdnf^ht intd the Zedith, thtfn thi» Bdipfii [will he feen in all Places above the Horizdn. .^n^itd,^ PARADOXESi \'t may poflibty be deemed a befU^^ if Paradoxes ai¥ eatlfely 1 omitted in a Work of this Nature ; biit I (hottld think myfelf lore liable to Cenfure, If t took up much of the Reader's Time ui . examining a Multitude of trifling Riddles, which have no Relation to Geography, i (ome haVedone; For Inftance, they tell us) I. Thtrt is a PUut en the Globe of the Earthy of a fure mii«r Placet • ». There is a certain Fillage in the South of Gi^t Bn'ta'iii *o wi^ Inhobitamtt the iotfy of the Sun is l^s vifibk about tke Winter Hcljice, tbag to the InbabitaiUs ^Iceland. 5 L U r t 6 N. This ^ppo/es the Brii^ Village to liahd under a Kilt, which covers It from the Sun all Winter. 3. There is a tirtaik Cpunhy ik ^outh America, nub^'e favag^ lnba» titanti me futh Candibats, that thy not only feed on human FJeJ^ btU mauallj tax ^tmUXvttt and yet furviw this ftrange Refi^/t, SOLUTION* By eating tihtmjih/ts, u meant no more than that thfe P«Opl« them^ felves eat. There are two or three Paradoxes, heWeteMhatraay he thoneht worth repeating. ' * r.i^;.^*^ " ** ''^*^"' V^'^ '" **' ^8*"" ^'^* '* 'Sf^'ih ffhuf CbiliiH -utre bcfn at the fume In/font, etnd JhonUJiw Mtrairiars, anJ both txptre «« the fame Day, tbt Lifk of the §nt -mttdd fntfufs tbt btft tf tie ttherje-vtrai MfMtls. '-^ j j C SaLVTlOR 34 Geograpbttd Paradoxes, SOLUTION. If on« of tke Perfons (ail Eaft, and the other Weft, ramd the Globe, fcveral Yean, they will differ two Days every Year in their RcckoaiBg.; and in 40 Yean one will feem to be 80 Days older. tham the otheri though ,it-.can't.propeily be fiid thac the life of the one i» a Day longer than that of the other. Othen folve this Paradox by fappofing one of the Children to te.> fid« within one of the Polar Circles, where the Dnys are f«verri Months long, and the other in a Part of the World where the Days are never 24 Hours long. The next Paradox if of the like Nature. ^. There art tvM Place$ in ACii tbtU lie under the fame Meridian^ emf itt a fmall DWanct from eatb otkir^ and yet tin rejpeiii've labtAilOHU^ in recitHiHg their Time, differ an entire Day evety Week. Thii 'feemi te it the Cafe of the Portuguefe a««/.Spaniard(, in thf Ea(\-Indics ; the Vorwguefe /ailed 7 Houn, or 165- Dfgrecs Eaji, to China; and the Svanmdsjai/ed, 1.7 lloyrst.frji.^^ Djgreei H'eftt to China and the PRilfppmcs ; and one of them having a Settlement im China, and the other in tht Philippines, fretty near tltefame Meridian^ is muft of Courfe be Saturday toitb one luhen it is Sunday nuitb the other, Othen (blve this Paradox by Aippofing one of the Nations to be Je-wtt the cuher Chriftians. ^ 6. There is a ctrtptn Plate luhere the Winds, though frequently veering round the Covipafs^ akvuys bhwsfrt/m the North. SO L U T I ON. This muft be at^he South Pole; where there is no fuch Thing as Eaft and Weft, therefore the Win8 hiult always Cdtne from the North- 7. There is an If and in the Baltic Sea, to tchofe Inhabitants the Body of the Sun is •vifible in the Merning befon it r\fii% and in th* E-vening after it isfet, ' • SOLUTION.. This way be true of any Place, ai well as of the Ifland mentioned ; the Sun. frequently appears above the livrizon, when it is really below it, occafioncd by the RefraClion of the Vapours near the Horizon. 8' There is a Country I'/r Ethiopia, /o iv/'ij^ Inhabitants the Bi'dy of the Moon always appears to be mojl enlightened^ nmbeu it it leaf eto- llgbteued, ^^ ^ SOLUTION. Thi« irlhe Cafe every where as well as in Ethiopia : for the Moon is moft enlightened at the New Moon ; when it is nenreft the San '", waA 1«|A enlighpened at the Full Moon, becaufe it is then at the greateft Diftance from the Sun, though at that Time il appears every wherr to be afinft enlightened. 9. Thrt art Plans on the Barth nvhere the Sum and Moon and eJl ih flaum «ilually tiji mndjitt but nevtr aty of the fixed Start. V. . 4 w SOLUTION. Tropkat Winds. Si SOLUTION. The Planets have North and South Declination, and con(e^aentlv may be fiiid to rife and fet under the Poles ; but the flited Start» ki^ ing always at the fihUe Difbuicc from die Poles, cannot be fiudtoif^ or ftt there, or indeed any where clfe, if it be admitted that die Earth revolves every 24 Hours ou it own Axis, and that all Start, cxoepc the Planets, are fixed. ■ , . . , II ■ I III ' Tropical IVinds. THOSE ufually called Tropical Winds extend 30 Degrc«» North and South of the Equator, and are of three Kinds. 1 . The general Trade Winds. 2. TheMonibns. 3. The Sea and Land Breezes. 1. The Trade Winds blow, from NorthEall on the North-fide of the Equator; and from the South Eaft on the South-fide of the Equator ; and near the Equator almoft due Eall ; but under the Equa* tor, and 2 or 3 Degrees on each Side, the' Winds are variable, and foqetimes it is calm for a Month together. 2. The Monfons are periodical Winds, which blow fix Months in one Direction, .nnd the other fix Months in the oppofite Dire£Hon. At th«-Chang« or Shifting of the Monfons, are terrible Storms of Wind* Thunder. Lightning, and Rain, which always happen about the Equinoxes : The(« Monfons do not extend above 200 Leagues from Landi and are chiefly in the Indian Seas. 3.. The Sea and Land Breezes are periodical Winds, which blomr from the Land in the Night, and good Part of the Morning, and from the Sea about NoOn, tillMidnight j thefe do not extend more thaa two or three Leagues from Shore. Near theCoallof Guinta in jl/rica the Wind blows almoft always • from the Weft. On the Coaft of Ptru in Seutb Americm the Wind blows conftaady from the South Weil. Within the Tropic of Cmneer, in the Months of April and Afojr, are hot Winds which blow over a long Trad of burnine Sand, from 8. to II in the Morning, and fometimes longer, when the Sea Breeze rifes and refrefites the Natives. Beyond the Latitude of 30 North and South the Winds are variable^ but oftener blow, from the Weft than any other Point. The North Eaft Winds are exccffive cold in Euroy, as the Nortb Weft .ire in North America. Between the Tropics, the Seafons are divided into wet and dry, and not Into Winter and Summer. When the Sun is Vertical, it brings Storms an J foul Weather with it, and all the flat Country is overflowed ; but when the Sun is on thi opDofite Side of the Equator, then is the fair Scaion and thefr Ilarveft. Near the Carrihhn Iflands, in the Amtrican Seas, they haveHur* rkanes ufually in Jniy and Augvji, the Wind frequently veering and blowing in every Dire^lion. C a Cm tiff t jfr ^ DMfans of the OUbe Currents and Tides, ^ir^HZHf' ft finqnently Stieains or Coirrnts in the Oceaa, whkh' I let Shipi ft great Way out of their iotendcd Courfe. Tlierc is ft Current between FUridt ftnd the Bahama lilands» which 4ways tuM from South to North. A Current runs conftantly through the Straits of Gi^abar bctweca Smrtft ^nd Jfrkat mtotht AMiHrraHiam. A Current fet» out of the Babie Sea, through the 5«iMr/, or Strait* between SiueJi* and Demnari, into the Ocean, fo tliat there are a» Tides in the Baltic Sea. About finali lilands and Head Lands in the Middle of the Ocean, the Tides rife very little ; they can hardly be perceived. In fome Bays of the Sea, and at the Mouths of Rivers, the Tidea rife fiom 12 to 50 Feet. The rides flow regularly twice in 24 Hours in moft Places. In the tfryfus, between Negrtpout and Grttct, it flows 12 Times ia S4 Hours for a Fortnieht every Moon. In the CaJ^iam Sea, (or rather Lake) between Ptrfia and Rujpa there are no Tides, but once in 11, or 15 Years the Water riies to a prodigt* ous Height, and overflows the flar Country. The Divijhn of the Glohe into Land and Water. THE Globe, as has been oblerved, conflfts of Land and Water, whereof one Fourth of the Surface only is Land. Jbe Land is divided into two great Continents, vix. the Eaftem and Wcftern Continent (befides Iflands.) The Waters are divided into three extenfive Oceans, (befides lefler Seas) and, contiguous, not wparated bv any Sea. All Ocean is « great Body of Water, which divides fuch Continents. A Sea is a Water coofiaed by the Land, as the MiJitirrmiuaM ftad Bu,/ti i>ca5. A Bay into Land aid ff^ater, ^y A Bay, or Golf, is a Pitt of the Sea almoft forrounded by Land, «« thj Gull of Mf*if»,jhe^My of Br/ct^^ Ttriay, fct. -, ,A Sbait k a narrow P;^ec oat cf one Sea •JMo anotlMrt m die Strait of Giirmliar or that of Magtlkm. A Lake i* a Water furroundcd by X^and, as the Lakes of Gmr9» and Comftanci. A Peninfula, or Cherfonefe, is a Country almoft furronnded by the Sea. as Arabia^ the Mtrem^ Jutland, and Crim Tartary. An Illhmus is a narrow Neck of Land which ^oins a feninfula to fome c.her Country, as the Ifthmus of Suex, which joins Afrita to Afiai the 1 1 mus of Darien, which joins North and Sooth ihsfrirf} and the noted lithmus of Cerintb. A Cape, or Promontoiy, is a Point of Land extending a confiderabli Way into the Sea, fumetimrs called a Head-land, or Nefs. Rivers are defcribed in Maps by black Lines, and are wider near the Mouth than towards the Head or Spring. Mountains are defcribed byEminencies like Hitls. Forefti ta^ Wouds by a Kind of Shrub : Bogs and Mora/Tes by Shades. Sands and Shallows are deicribed by finall Dots; and Roads nfa||)lf by double Lines, Near Harbours the Depth of the Water is ufually exprefled bj fi- gures in Maps, as 6, 7, or 8, the Water being fo many Fathom deep. lllamls. Mountains, Sec] The Iflands, Mounuins, Lakes, Rivertt (!fr. will be particularly defcribed in the feveral Qgarteri of the Wo.i(l to which they refpeftively belong. Ltngth efDttfs J'etn in tht^ablt of C/imtt/.] As to the GfanatCt and length of the Days in evei y Country, thele will be found in die Table of Climates in Page 13; where it isonlyobferving what Lati- tude the Place is in, of which you would enquire the Length of the Day ; and even with it you will find how many Hoors tLe Day is long in another Column of the fame Table. Cardinal Points.] The North is confidered as the npfer Part of • Globe or Map. The South is at the Bottom oppofite to the North. The .^il is on the Right Hand ; and The Weft on the Lett Hand oppoftte to the Eaft. < CranOItian(a - • j feclatonfa - - - Lccoarfa • - . I^olend 7- . . i(uflla - • . . totDrOrn «• > - r^cnmarft - • - (iSortoiap ... Uur&r; m (Europe Chief Towns. 'Madrid UJboH Paris Rome Btm Brufels jH^erdam Viemia Pr^ue Ptyburg Hermanfiat Pcfiga Carlfiaf Warfgw Peterjhirr Stockltolm Copenhagen Bergen Ccff/ianiittCpie, primipol (i9i Principal' Em 9ftait INLANDS. Great Britain, comprehending r J England J '• J Sett land I t. Ireland, and th (^ Great £riiai Chief Towns. Ltmdn, and the a^acent Iflands.fubjeA to Xirtet Britain Iciland, fubjedl to Denmark ' Chief JJlands of the Baltic Sea, C Zeeland Funen, \ Alj'en, LangUmd, *• "j Laland, Fal/ler, X^MonOt Bernbelm, JGothlandt Aland, Rngen, 3- \D> 5 U/edom, ' I ircUim, Aibjeft to Dennunrk. H fabjeft to SwedeM. fubjeft to Rii//ta. fubjeA to Pru0a. 1» the Mediterranean Sea. 4. Ivica, fiilMe£k to Sffin, ' ' ■ 2. Majorca f iubj,eA to Sfain - - 3. Mtnercttt taken by the French, after a brave De- 1 fence made bv General Blaienejf, now Lord > Blakenn, \njune\y^6, < \ 4. Cornea, /objeft to Genoa, • ■ "" ' » t . Sardinia, fubjefi to the Kino; of Sardinia, " ■ ». . 5iW^, fubieA to the King of Naples, — '— f Arcbipelage Iflands, fubjeA to Turkey, with the 7' { 4uidofC«MV«. Chief Towns. ' I'vira. Majmrcm, Citadilk Baftiet} Cafliari* Palernm, ^at In the Adriatic andlo t V Im .1. LitjStnM, "l yct^nia, \ (^^^^ r^ice, ^. Zant, J Ltucadia belongs to the TurAi, ■*.— igen tiucpii. C4 primipd ■ \ - • ' .J Chief Towns. HLiefieMa^ Crfu. ArgoJIUi, Zant. , Ltnca^ SPAIN, m (40) SPAIN, ^•tWMII ^tween Extatf ^nd Situation. fiow.7 1 r < and vLoo. I I 7ooM3etiaLenfftlL 15r ttt. VB«k J I |oo Miles in Breadth. StMdarits,] TlOUNDBD Weft by J'trt^al and tlit iAW/« Jj Ocean ; by the MtJittrrftHtatty on the Eaft ; bf '^ Bay of Bijtajt and the Pjrtmatt Hills, on tlieNefth ; and by ^ ^Okio: ^ the Sea of Giirebar, db the South. The moft Wefterly King4om m Europe, inc^ndinf Pertf\fat. I. The Northern Divifton. The Eaflerfi Divifion. The Southern Divifion. The Middle Divifion. The Sfamjb Ifiands. Provinces. Comprehending five piviilons Northern Divifion Eaftern Divifion Southern Divifioa Middle pivifioA /ell I ChiefTowni. tGaOuia Kjfluria JNitvarrt Arratom CatMHUt \ Murcia \JiuUUuJin COUCa/lib \N1wC0JKl0 \FjtremMli^0 , fivita IJUimrM, fubjeft to "> J Gnat BritMn, until | taken by the Frtntbt y after a wave Defence { ili7«M, 1756, made I i\. byth(oLord^/«^/>J J Bilhom. *) {Frnttmil^ II Granada ) IStviUt. Citadfita, I GJLLiC44 8 P J I N. #1 1. GALLIC J A, Kiiigdm^NcrthH^eft. ^ 5ubdivifioDS. ChicfTowttt. I^UthbUhopric of Cm^Z£> — ^ ^Cmm^T^Zti, W. Un. ^..i^. I 1 1 K. Lit 43. iBiftoprics of \Ltig9 — I I ^V lOrtenfi \lOrttitfi mitory of 7irf — — — — -^ ^ TVjjr. Pther coniiderable Towns in thit Province, Cunmm, Ftmf, Figt, Btnamut and Riv* iavi0t 2. ASTURIA, PrindpaUties, North. SubdiviiionSf Chief Towni. \Ajlmri»JiOwtdt 1 fOviidt, W. Lor. 6-40^ l>rincipality of< W N.Lat. 43.30. I J/lnrim dt SaKtittmim } (, SmuilUma, Other confideraole Towiu in dut Province, AviUt, nnd St. Vinctnt, S. BIS CAT* Lor4/bip, North Eafi. Subdivifioni, Chief Towns. HAViM, W. Lon. 3 N. Lat. 43-30. 7ielf/i, or TMi/m Cmipufitm Jlmva ^ ^ Other confidenble Town* in thh Province, Ptm f»B<»p* St ^^^J^ Hm, FtHttrtUm, St. Amkr$t Lmruh, OrAoma, tai Plaetmia, 4. NAVARRE^ Kitigdm, North Eaft. Subdivifioiu. Chief Towns. ^Paa^UfiB .. ^PM^hoft W. Lon. i-j*. «f ] ^^'« 5. ARRACONt Kii^dem, Eafi, fybjorflupi Chief Tow W^ndda "* ^ Sanntfit^ Subdivifions. ^rchUihapric tiSarapJk \Htu/(m I BtJ^Jtn Biihoprici of J TartKtnm \ftrml 'S0r, Chief Towns. rMtJi, W. Lon. 1*-15* N. Lat 4i>-3S. ymcM Hiujim >^ Sa/imjtr0 Altarafin ftruil ^ ^Ainfiu Pfhfr cffiifi4traWc TpwBS in this Province, CaUadad, and Btrim, ^. CATALONidt '5 P A J jv: e.CATAtONIjI, Principality, Eafi, (obdivifioa*. Uriel Btuagur Ltrida Ttrffa GiroM y^ Tarragtna '^^ neb. CmrJemia StI/eima ^PtmttrJa ifiriOsorH Chief Towns. 'BaneloMf E. Lon. z. N. Lat. \\'i9. Vfgd B»lagutr LtriSa Ttrtf/a Girom Terr^gjuia Bcfu Vich Cardomui Sel/emia fuyctrda. Matirt/a is another oonfiderebleTown in this l^rovince. 7. VALEJ^tlA^ Kingdom, SculbEafi, Subdtviiions. Chief Towns. CXutar '% CVaUntiat W. Lon. 35 M- Dianas ofj j^jj^^^ iStrura ^ ^. ^ Other confiderable Towns in this Province, Segorhe, Xativ0, AUttml, Dsiiiat GtPuHttf Morvtedrtt Fillareal AUirat tmi AltM* 8. MURCIA, Kingdom, South, $&rcia proper — — ") CMurtia^ W. Lon. 1--15. • itorca >< Lerta \ Cartbagmm I I CarthagenOf Lat. 37—40. Piftn'as of J U Lon. W. i-ia. Other confiderable Towns in this Province, Caravaea and Midtt, ' 9. G RANADA, Kingdom, South. Chief Towns. Sabdivifions. AKhbilhopric of GrmuJm {Mt^grn Almtrim Gurnet Other confiderable Towns in this Province, Xttidg, Antiqutrat Saxa, md Loya. ■ . " ' . • ••■<«''• .. ■' ''i ICranaJa^ W. Lon. 3—40. N. Lat. 37-1 j. Malaga Aimria Guadix. .itt i 10. ANDALUSIA $ P A I N. 10 IND ALUS lAy Province^ South JVef. Siioim6oti%. Chief Towns. ^ r Sevilk, W. Lon. 6. N. L»fc 37-i$» [ ArchbiAiopric of Sm/itU iopnaof j;&^^^^ Eputchy of Mtdina Sidenia W- Cordttba ^ J {Medina Sidofiia. Other confiderable Towns in tms Province, Ca//«, Giiraltart (ah^ left to Great BritmtH, Pert St. Mary^ Eztfa, Batxa, OJJunat St. Lucar, Anduxar^ Carmofuif AUabtrtalt Lucemtf Amtt Marcbtnat jljamont, Vbtdot and Mpguer, 11. OX.D CAST'] LE^ Province, near the Mddlt, Sobdiviiions. Chief Towns. 'Burgos "1 rBurtest W. Lon. 4-j. N. L»t. 42-30. Rioxa Legrouno Cdabcrra Calaborra Stria l i Stria O/ma l^ 0/ma VaUadoUd VaUadoUd Segovia Segovia Avila Avila \JSigimfa J \Siguenfa» Other confiderable Towns in this Province, Root Aranda^ CaUait^ Nagtrof and St. Demngo, 12. NEH^ CASTILE, intbe MdMe, )iflria8 of •< Subdivifions. North fif the r^^'* — — . \jpon iht Taje — — — Eaft of Toledo — — — On the Guadiana — — — UaH of Madrid — — — On the Frontiers of Faleiitia-- I J fionh 'Vfeti of Madnd ^^ North Eaft of Madrid North Eaft of MfliriW Za MaHcha South — .^ — la Sierra Ea& — ^ — On the Guadiana-— ~ — On the Frontiers of Valattia — Chief Towns. 'Madrid, W. Lon. 4~i5f N. Lat. 40-30. Toledo Cuenca Cividad Real Akala de Heuarett Almaaxa E/curial G uadal a x ara Bribuega J Calatrava ^FitltnmRtfuna* ty IE OK, SPAIN. I J. LEON^ Kinidom^ North Eaft. Svbdivifions. Hbrth «f /)•«»* Sooth of the i)0»r« Chief Towns. •^ rLton^ W. Lon. 6-5. N. La. 43. / I PaUftfia, or FUamti* I I Zumota G, 14. ESTREMADU RJ, Province^ Scuti> fTeJf. Chief Towns; Afm'Za, W. Loo. 6~3«. N. Lat 38-$$* BaJajux Plactutia Cmria Subdivifions. fiuihe GuaiitoM Kortk of the 7a/» Jfetwenr the T made by the Lord Blaitiiey. /mV« >■ i — ' GtaJella, E. Lon. 3- N. Lat. 40. Porf Mahon, 30. /onVw, E. Lon. I. N. Ltt 39. MeifMfafris.] I. /^rm^M divide frr, extending zoo Miles from the Bay of Bi/tay to the Mtdiitrrantan Sea. 2. Cania- trun MoQDtains on the N. run from E. to W. from the Pyretuts to the Atlantit Ocean. 3. Surra Molina and Tahlada fepanite QU Caftilt from Nevt Caftih, 4. Sierra Mertna divide Netu Cajtilt and Eftre- wmJHTa from Andalufia. 5. Sierra Havaia^ or Snowy Mountains, nin from E. to W. through Granada. 6. Mount Calpt near Gibraltar^ tfppofite to Monnt Aigia in Africa, which Mountains were anciently called Htrtniet Pillars. i?/irri.3 I. Dcun eTim Duriuf, after runninj W. through OU CajfiU, Leon, and crofs Pjrtugai, falls into the Atlantic Ocean below Qpmrtt. 2. Ehrt elini lifriu, rifes in Old Cajfilt, runs by TnJela an^ SaragoJUf S. E. through Arragon^ and falls into the Mediterranean he- low 'forte/a. 3. Gucdalaviar now Ti/r/u runs from Arragon S. W. Qofs f-'aUnfiat and falls into the Mediterranean at the City of f^tf rr- A«. 4. Guftdal^mvtr otim Batu, runs W. through Andalujia^ pafling by Seville, and falls into the Atlantic Ocean at St. Z.«rAr. 5. Gka/i- SPAIN. 4f •£« Jmatt ram S. W. uth. 8« 9, 10, 11. Bays of Alitmnt^ Altea, f^akHtia, ztiA. Rnjis, a« Eaft. 12. Bay of Mo/orM, in the Ifland of that Name. 13. txf ' Harbour of Port Mabon in the Ifland of Minorca. Strait.] Strait of Giiraliar. between Europe and Africa. Air.] Spain being a mountainofis Country and of a great Bxteot, ^he Air is very different in the North and South, as well as on (he fountains and Vailiei. Generally the Air is dry, ferene, and pure, except abi>ut the £qui> 7xes, when their Rains ufually fall : The Southern Pi ovincea ate jTubjeA to great Heats hJune, July, and Augiift ; howevor, on the fountains and near the Coaft, they are refreihed with ccol Bieeae* 1 the Southermoft Part of Spain; and on the Mountains in the North |and North Eaft, it is very cold in Winter. ^«// and Produce.] There are fome Tandy barren Defarts in the [South ; but their Vallies in general are exceeding fruitful, and their [Mountains are covered with Trees and Herbage to the very Tops. I The Country produces a great ^'arIcty of rich Wines, Oil, and [Fruits, fuch as Seville Oranges, Lemons, Prunes, Figgs, Raifins, AU I monds, Pomegranates, Chefnuts, and Capers. It produces alfo Silk, fine Wool, Flax ar.d Cotton ; ai;d there are Mines of Qj^ick&lver, Steel, Copper, Lead, and Allom. The Steel of Teltdo and SMm it I cftcemed the bell in Europe. Animals.] Their mull ufeful Animals are, Hories, M'ules, Neat Cattle, and Sheep: Thty have Chamois Goats on their Mounuins, land are pretty much pel'crcd with Wolves, but fcarce any other Wild ^6 S P A t ff. Wild Bcafts: They have Ptenty of Deer, Wild Fowl, and other Game* and their Seat well ftored with Fifli, among which is the Anchovy (in the MeJiterrane»n.J lnUm^fraurts.'] Their Manufiidhires are of Silk, Woof, Iron* Copper, and other Hard -ware; but thefe are not fo coniiderable a> nuffht be expeQed, which proceeds in a great MeaTore from the In- dofence of tne Natives, and their want of Hands. Thev receive therefore moft of their Woollen Manufa^ures, Wrought Silks, Lace, and Velvets, firom England^ Frtmct^ hafyy and HelUutd't which they tianfport to America by the Galleons, and confeqaently great Part of die Treafure, brought Home by the Galleons, is paid to the Meiv chants of thofe Nations which fumiih them with Goods. I'fffit.'] Their greateft Branch of Foreign Traffic in Ewrefe- wa* formerly with Etigia/tJ; they exchanged their Wine and Fruits for the Woollen Manufaftures of Great Britain ; bat neither Itafyt oe France, take off much of their Wine, or Fruits, having enough of their own, and confequently the Traffic of Spain with thofe Coiin> tries was not fo advantageous as that with England. The Spaniardst in Return forthe ManufaSures they export to Ame- fica, receive Gold, Silver, Cochineal, Indigo, the Cacao, or Choco- . late Nut, Logwood, and other Dying Woods, Sugar, Tobacco, SnuflT, and other Produce of that Part of the World, Supplying moft of the Countries of Europe and A/ia with the Silver they bring from' dience in their Galleons. Cenftitutien.'] The Kingdom of Spain W zn abfolutc hereditary Monarchy at prefent, where the Females inherit in Default of Male IITue; but the King feenis to have the Power to difpofe of his Crown to what Branch of the Royal Family he pleafes, of which we have an Inftance, yiYitn Charles li. gave his Dominions to the late King the Dvktoi Jnjeti. But notwithilanding the King of Spain is an abiblute Sovereign^, he feldom violates the Laws, or tianfads any Affairs of State, with- out the Advice of the feveral Councils or Boards, eilablifhed- for the refpe£Uve Branches of Bufinefs ; of thefe, 1. The junra, or Cabinet-Council, confids of the Principal Secre-. tary of State, and five or fix more of the King's Nomination, which finally determines all Matters relating to the (^vemment. 2. The Privy Council, which confiils of a greater Nvimber, and prepares all Matters for the Cabinet. 3. The Council of War. 4. The Council of Caftihy which is the higheft Court of Judicature in the Kingdom, for Civil and Criminal Caufes, and receives Appeals from all inrerior Courts' within its Jurifdiflion. 5. The feven Courts of Royal Audiences, viz. of Gallieia, Sevil/et. Majorca, the Canaries, Saragoffa, Valentia, and Barcelona. Thefe take Cogniisance of all Caufes within five Leagues of their refpe^tive- Capital Cities, in the HrlHnftance ; andby way of Appeal of all Caufes femoved from inferior Courts within their refpeftive JurifdiClions, as. thofe of the Akades, BailifTs, Corregidors, Regidors, Viguers, t^c. I There' S P^ A 1 N, ^ There is a1(b a Supren)* Coandl for th« AfiUn •f tke JMcr. I compofcd uAially of Governor; and great Oi^cers, who have aaiu% fcrved in fome confiderable Poft-in America. There are Councils or Boarda aMo eftabliihed. to uke Care of die Royal Revenaes, and for ev*y other Branch, of Bofineli. The Vfc«-> Roys and Captains General of the Provinces, are Prefidents' of thq ieveial Courts of Audience, and have the Command of the Forces in their refpefUve Provinces. ^ ThtKingU Titles.] The King* oS Sfaia in their Titlca,«M i^ enumerate aU the iCingdonu and Provinces of which they were Sovereign ; but they ace all comprehended in that of hit Ca$Mi4 Majefty. > The Kings of SpatH are never crowned. The eldeft Son of Sfain i$ filled 'the Prince tS AftmrieC^i the^ younger Sons are fliled Infanu, and the Daughters Infantas. I Arm.'\ As to the Arms of Suuu^ which was formerly divided i|Mo : Fourteen or Fifteen fevecal Kingdoms and Principalities, the King ftill retains die Arms of ev^ry Province, of which the chief haviag^ been thole of CapUy I (hall mention no other : Thefe are a Ca^le Tripple-towered, Azuit, each with Three Battlements, or pucfled Sable. Noiilitj.'] The Nobility 4)f ^'« are ftiled Hidalgu, by winch is to be underflood that they are defcended from the antient Gothic Chrijlianst and not from the Moors \ for Hidalgo is a Ge itlemaa.' Their Titles are Dukes. Marquifles, Vifcounts, &r. The Grandees are the moft Noble, and fuffered to be covered before the King, K«d)0 treats them as Princes, ftiling them Jlluftrious in his I«e''^?rs, and in fpeaking to them, or of them, they are lUled their Eminenciet. Military Ordert.] The Knights of the three Militanr Orders of St. Jamtiy Calatravttf and Aleaittara, wee eftecmed Noblemen ; they' were inflituted in the long Wcrs between the Chriftiam and the Moors, as an Kncouragemeht to Valour ; and have large Commtn- deries, or Eiktes annexed to their refpeftlve Orders, cenfifting' chiefly of Towns and Tertitories recovered from the Meors. The Mailers of thefe Orders were once fo powerful, that they difputed the King's Auihcrity over them : Whereupon the King procured thofe^ Mallerfliips to be conferred on himfelf, by the Pope, that they'tnight' no longer aflTuroe an Independancy of the State. As to the Order of the Golden Fleece, it is genemlly conferred on Princes and Sovereign Dukes ; but there are no Commande ies or' Revenues annexed to it. There are others befides Jrandees who have the Privelege of being* covered before the King; as Cardinals ; the Pope's Nuncio: the Archbifliops ; the Grand Prior of Caftile, and the Grand Prkw of' Malic, ; the Generals of the Orders of St. Dominic and St. Fremcisi AmbaffidDrs of crowned Heads; the Knights of the GoUch Fleece % and nf the three Military Orders, when the King affifts at their i«. fpeftive Chapters in Quality of Grand Mailer. > No Grandee can be apprehended for any Crime, but by theexprefs Order of the King. Forces."] Ftrctt.'] The Forces of Spium, in Time of Peace, ar* coMpiM t» be Forty Thoa&ad, and they may have twice that Namber iii Time of War. They have increafcd their Royal Navy, of 1ate» to near Forty Sul of Men of War; bat for many Years their ?leeb have been very inoonfiderable. Rtvemit$.'\ The Revenaes of the Crown arifing in 5/«r«, are computed at Five Millions 5r^//M' per Ammmi and haye been ranch hnwovedfince the Acceflion of the Hoafe of B»artM, Their Amirican Silver Mines are tnexhaaftible, of which die Khg hat a Fifth t and it \i by thefe that the two laft Wan were chiefly fapported. Tmo.] The Taxes in 5//«», are Datiet on Goods imported and exported ; on Goods brought into MaJri^t, of carried from one Pro* vince to another. The Rents of the firft Floor of all the Houfes in MadriJ. A kind of Land-Tax on thePeafanUt and thofil under the Degree of Nobility. A kind of eenrral Excile on Meat, Drink, and other Provifions. Duties on Cattle driven from North to South. A Tax on thofe who eat Butter, Cheefe, Milk or Eggs in Ltnt, A Tax on the Clergy who are exempt from military Service. A Tax on the three Military Orders, for the iCing their Grand Mafter. A Tax on Timber. But more Money is raifed bv the KtngS Rfth of the Treafdre brought from America, than by all other Mems. fir/ins md Haiiit.] As to the Perlbns of the ^/m/W/» the Mtn are generally ull, but feldom corpulent ; th^ir Complexion fwarthy ) their Hair black, with briflc fparkling Eyes ; they have Muftachio'i on the upper Lip ; their Women are generally final! and ilender. The Men part their Hair, and tie it behind with a Ribbon ; their Habits are black, and they t>»row a Cloak over all, but (b as to have their Right Hand at Libertv ; and every Peaiant almoft wears an ex- travagant long Sword. Tne Ladies all paint their Necks, Arms and Hands, as well as their Faces ; drefs in their Hair, and wear Hoops of Brails Wire, and their Gowns are alwavs Mack, on which their Jewels mske a glittering Appearance ; their Pace ii exceeding flow^ and thev do everjr Thing with great Deliberation. The Airaod Mein «f this People being the very Reverfe of the Fmth. Gtmtu ami Trnftr."] The Spamtrds are Men of Wit, and of an alavated Genius, bet vrry little improved by Study or Converfatior. They are admired however for their Secrecy, Conllancy, and Patience in Adverfity. They are flow in determining, but itfiially conclude Judicioufly at iall ; true to their Words, great Enemies to Lying, and extremely temperate in eatingand Drinking. Among their Vices and DefeAs« are r?ekoned their Pride and Contempt of Foreigners, feldom travelling out of their own Country: » Thcii ,.Ai..^— *»_«. S FA T If. * vimdKa ladotaMe, LouRft, and Loll^ tnd AdrCredolitv iii iiwtht f^pMdMiraelMaMl fkbalow Stories of thdrMbtti^ widKNitBxriiiMMdoB; and thdr iwgkaine to apply diemieiVn to auAStam, or HoilMUidry. The mhiieh do mm of this, ai ptXk _thnr3dMrBilfiiiers; and aToalljr return widi ooafideiaUaPartaB^ to their o«^a Country ; but this is to be onderftood diie^ of dw f^u Cs/ltltt and the Midland Provinces. For the Pfeople ol Gmlteim ap. ^y themfelves dOittently to Ho^handry, as wdl as dioie of Grmuu/a, •ad Atufa^bj/kt and other Southern Provinces, being chiefly Defend- ants ftom the M$trt, who did not look upon Hulbiuidry as a low Em- ^ymcnt. It is obfenred, that Spmm is not half ta well peopled m framet and fome other Eiiroptm Countries ; their not being Eight Mil. [lions of People in the Kingdom, whereas it is oompnted oere are fourteen or mteen Millions in frtmttt which is not fo targe. And f^ [this feveral Reafeas are affined, as the Expnifion of in many Thou- ftnd Jrms and Mmrt ; the long Wars they were engaved in, which [•carried off Mnltitudes of their SubjeAs j and that contihual Drain of ■ the Wtp hiitt^ whither great Numben of Sfrnmiardi go over every hYear; all their Governors and greatOfficers in ./4iwr/r« being N4- tives of Sfain, and carrying over a Multitude' of Servants md De- pendanu with them. The Celibacy of the Clergy, and of the Monfei ^and Nuns, is affigncd as another Reaibn of their wanting IVople, but ; this is common to all other Popip Countries. Divtrfion$ smlCii/fmt] Among their Diverfions on Peftivals ai^ .^rejoicing Days, that of Taurizing, or the Fights of die Cavaliers with Wild Bulls, is almofl peculiar to this Country, where young Oentle- menhavean Opportunity of (hewing their Courage iij^id AAivity be> fore their Miftmes, who ftand to view them at dieir Lattice Win- dows ; for the Ladies are never fuflered to appear in Public, either before or after Marriage, unlefs it be at Church, and dien they are veiled ; even at a Pky they are indofed in Lattices, and ikreenad fitmi the Sight of Men. And there is one odd Cuftom ftill prevails, which was Introduced by the Meerst and that is, the Ladies fitting crofi-legged on Carpets, while the Mafter of the Family fits in a Chair, and dines at a Table. The Men drink very little Wine in Sfm»f and the Ladies ufually confine themielves to Water or ChO- i colate. After Dinner the Sfmiiimrds always deep : the Evening is the Time for Diverfion, when they ieldom fiul to take the firefh Air s and Lovers often feranade their Miilrefles with Vocal and laftrumcB- «U Muftc great Part of the Night. J»tiqmHu and Curt f/lt its.] From fome Ruins that have been found near the Straits of Gt»rmltar, it hai been coqieAared, that they were the Remains of Hercmln't Pillars : but as one t^ thafe PilltBt we fuppofed to have ftood on the South-fide of die Strait in jt/^-itm, • and the other on the North-fide in Emtft i it is more pr tobe fetn great Part of a moft magsificeqjt Palaof of (he Httfijh Kings, when they were Soverdgni of ^pmm\ th« laiidc whereof was covered with JaiJMur and Porphyry, with feveral drii^ I(ifcripttODft on the Walls. 'Hoe is a grand AqucdgA at&|g««t«, Jm to he boilt by the Emperor Trtgtmt fapported by upwards of an Hvindrcd and Seventy Arraes, in doable Rows, extending over a de^ Valley between two liills. The River Giuuiiaiut is mach talked of for ninniog under Ground a great many Miles, and then rifing again ; but Utc Travellers lay this IS a Miftalce, and that it only runs through a deep Valley covered with Shrubs and Buflies, (6 that it is fiarce vi&ble at a (mall Diftance, but that it does not run under Ground at all. £0*fM«.] As to Religion, the Spaniardt are zealou . -mJIix and their Church is governed by ArchbiOiops and Biihops, fubjeft to the Controul of the Pope. And there is no Country, except Per. tngalt where the Inquifition reigns with fuch Terror; no bubjeft but is liable to be profecuted by the Holy Office, as it is called ; though it was firft inftituted for the Trial of the Sincerity of the Mmhjb and Jtwi/^ Converts, who were compelled to ftak^ the CM^iM Religion after the Conqueft of Granadat jtam 14QI. In this Court, it is fcarce poflible for a Prifoner to make a tolerable Ih- ftnce, not being fuffered to know either hit Accufers, or the Wit- acfles againft him ; but he is required to confefs himfelf guilty, or fubmit to the Torture, till fuchaConfeffion is extorted fnmi hun as the Fathers require. Ankiijiftfritt and Bfjktpria.] There are eight ArehbiQioprivs in Spain, vi*. 1. ToLioo ; comprehending the Bifltoprics of Ctrdnia, Segovia, Cartbagina, Sigutmta, OjSna, Cnemca, Jain, and Valladdid. t. Bvacoi { comprehending the Biflioprics of Pam- ptlnna, CtJaitra, with Caheada, and Pakntim. t. Coi^rosTlLLA ; comprehending the Biihoprics of Salamanca, Avify, Plmttmia, Lmgrn, Z aa i t r a, Ortmta, Ajhrga, Toy, Badajt, Mtnduiedt, Ctria, Cindad, Redrig$, Lton, and Oviedt. 4. Gran aoa ; comprehetiding th^ BMhmirics of Akm-ia and Malaga, j. SrvicLi ; comprehending the Bifttoprics of Cadiz, Gnadix, and the Cmnary Utrndt. 6. Sa- KAOOSA I comprehending the Biflioprics of Huejta, Jata, Taranna, MaHafir^, Ttrntl, and AUaracin. 7. TAaAOuNit oMaprelMadinc the Bi/hoprics of BarctUna, Urida, Ginna, Fitb, Urgtl, S»t/ma, aaid fMe/ai and 8. Valrntiai comprehending the Biflrapria of Origntl,$niMafmm, The -^r ^^Wi g rMamfeaWif-''f^ti ■• ' the Iniide ATUds of M : over a dttf Icr Ground a Icrs (kv this covereo with Hflaace, but aa near the It fome Arm- m-t. Their Cieht, Same- uHtiul, mffitn iret\im mi $ P A t ff. ^ ^Tkt AicklMflieporr«&i*bftUed thePrinaieor JT/aKil Wbgmt leellor of O^Ari hai aRevmne of jooiooo Dncati ptrJbikmt^ ^jimfngto ido.ooo/. Sterling* ormore. Um^trjukt.} There are tw«oty-^Ar/£lf SUver Coins. be Plafler of Sfawt or StviUi Pieces of Eight ^-•>» lie new SevilU Piece of Eight lie AfM/r0 Piece of Eight ^e Pillar Piece of Eight Rial Or Bit ' ■■ I 6 O i 1 1 9 H ♦ 4 «> 4 O J <^ 4 • ♦ o o In 6 ; I s 7 itt ,g ... MsuArid, CmHk^ SiitiBe, *»A all Stsim, Accounts are kt|it .^ Marvidiet, an imaginary Coin, 34 of which make a Rtal« and tft,$ dialler, or Piece of Eight of Sn/ifft» Of tie Revokticns in Spain, and ptrfaH JFum if Covemmeni^, §PJttfyMU antiently called thtria% from the Rivef /kmi, ami fimietiinei Mji^^Vi, from its WeflerA Situation. Il is uncertain } were the Original Inhabitants, but it wis pfobably fifft peooled from Gaak which is contiguous to it, or fi >m ^ricn, from which il is MJy feparated by the narrow Strait of Gihr^'ltar. The Pbtmidmtu fent Colonies hither, and bailt Cerfw aftd MdEngJ* before they planted Cmrtbmp. The Phtfiiuu a Crtdtm Nation, 9ttA Colohiei to SfmHi and buUc JiAtibi, now R^tt very early. The CtU^et the moft powerful People of Cm/, paflfed the Phiintm Mountiini, and planted (Colonies on the River Ihtrut from whenc« tht Eaftern Pan of Sfmin was called Olnierim. ThtPttnitiMHs incroaching ob tKe Naivt SfuMittrdi, thev tahtd their Forces to drive thofe Strangers from their Coaftst Whereupon the Pkmitimm called in the C«r/£i/M^««rihe!r Bicthrcn to their M- fiflance, who made a Con()ucft of all the South of ifsigf in the Year •f ^Miff, 136. The CtltiitriMt in W Spmw chtetcd into an Alliance whk dit PmMU about the fame Time, who commenced a War ageinfl tht m ■ ^* S P Jl T N. CartlmnitiM, liodiin Sftum iad SkOf, wkkk obbUMd die Nan««f the M f^a War. This aided in « ftnetal Peace, wh«reia it wu •ereed, that th« River liina (bouiA be dwBonn^brjr benweea theC«rw thagiumi And /^ommw ; onhr the People of SmpmiOh tp die Weft of the £^ were iodnded in this Tietty as Allia to the Utmrnm* The Cartbaginiaiis, ander the cefebnued lUmmM, beftegipg aad deilroying S^i^taumm, occaiooed the leoond Pnic War, aooot «l8 Years before Chrift ; whereapon HamAjd paifed the Pynmau Moan- tains with a numerous Aftajt mardied diroagh Frtaut, p»;ftd the A^i, and W9S viflorious over the Rtmsm in ieveral Bi^tdes, but, not beinf fcpported by Carthage, was at fensth compelled to abandon bdft and the South of SfMH was afterwards fubdoed hy the^Mnvw; hit die niountai>)ous Provinces in the North were not conquered till die Reign of Anguftus. The Ronuau remained Sovereigns of Spmiti until the Vear of Chrift 400; about which Time the Goth, FaiuUif and other Northern Nations, broke in upon the R«ma» Empire, and made a Conqueft of Spain, The Bfflpire4>f the Gotftt was in its greateft Glory about the Year coo, for then it compreherded the Southern Provinces of Frwut, all StaimKcA Mamr'ttatua in Jfrita ; but about the Year 7 1 3, Radtrk then : Kina of the Gtks having committed a Rape on FlorituUi Danahter oT Count JuJima, Governor of Gothic MoMritama, that diigufted Lord entewd into a Confpiracy with the Saracem or Moors to invade ^^W, aiKl ^vinff with their united Forces gained a dedfive Vidoiy, the Saractm fubdued all Spmn except the Northern Provinces, whither Pilagiut a noble Spaniard n^\rtA, and having recovered Lun from the InAqels, took upon him the Title of King of L»en, F^im this Tiine the Gmbi, fupported by other CbriftioM Prinqes, made War upon the Moon with various Succefs. The Mo»t were not entirely fulVued unit the Year 1491, when the City of Granada was taken by Ferdinand and (/'aSeUa, who had united all the petty Kingdoms of 5/«/ff into one, by their Marriage, and were fucceeded in their united Kingdom, by their Grandfon Ciarlu V. Archduke of jfa/lria, and afterwaids Emperor of Germanjf. By the Ardcles for th« Surrender of Granada, BomUiiKing of the Moors, with his SubjeAs, fubmitted to do Homage to Ferdinand and J/aheUth on Condition they mieht retain the Pofleffion of their Eftates, be governed by their own Laws, and have the free Exercife of their Religion. ^ However, all the Moors in Spetin were compelled to turn ^hifiioHs, or leave the Kingdom ; whereupon fcveral hundred thoufandi of them ttanfported themielves ta Afrita, and their Jevaifi) Subjects were baniflied to Portngat. And in die Reign of P^7/> III. 1609, a Million more of theMwi were banilhcd, and the new Converts that remained behind, perpe- tuiHy pcrfccttted and tortured by the loquifiticn. . Spain /ividetf into /fverai Kingdtmt.] Spain was divided mto many Kingdoms aud Principalities; as it was recovered from the tUfts, eve'y Genffrat almoll itt up for a Sovereign with the Confent ut the People, 10 whom they granted great Privilegri; nothing of infused in the State witiiout the Confent of their '&i^ loip9r^c« wki tiar tefi^edive S P J I N. Vcreign of >!>*< ilBC» Pvdy ^ Places and Peafionv and * and Sftim has ever fiaee bees aii .. fi>1tite MbiUfthy. The Ymr ifier the ibtrt were ibbdiied, Armrira wa> difttifeicd by ^ihmBiu, ahd wfthhi thirty Years after, the Empires oi^ JMur/Vt and fVm were conqitered, whereby Cbarks V. became poflMed of the noil extenfiire Dbminions that ever any Monarch enjoyed. fi^Ame- fituH Dominioi'ns were at lokff fix thoufand Miles in Length, and he^ ivas at the fanM Time Emperor of Ginnmjt Sovereign of Btajun/y Ind the NabtrtinJs and of moft Part of Italy, as well as Spain i of the . Viili^int Iflands in Afta, and feveral Places in Africa, The Spaniardt made feveral Effbrts for the Recorery of tBeir lights and Privifeges, which were denominated Rebellions by the >urt ; but noble llruggles for the Recovery of their loft Privileges ^y the Subjea. Thcfe Infurreftions, being fupprefled, ierved only D drengthen and confirm the unlimited Power of the Emperor, wHo ras engaged" mbft Part /v/^<7M SubjeAs o(Gtrmanjf, in which he was not io rtunate in the Decline of Life» as he had been in his Youth, where- »on he refigned the Crown to his Son Philip \l. Anno 1556, and lut himiclf up in the Monaftery of St. Juji in 5/«/», where he died vo Years after. His Son Philip II. attempting to govern as arbitrtrily in theAi^ 'thtrlatuts as he did in Spain, and at the fameTimfe iiitroduciilg a kind of Inquifition for the SuppreiEon of the Pr^efianu, who weae very numerous there, occafioned i general Infnrre£tion of the thm- intt, and a Civil War commenced, in which the Duke of Ahm, xSt King of ^n*s General, exercifed great Crifelties j bot was not able entirely to reduce th«m, as they were aflifted by the Queen •f tMgfamd, (EUiuAith) as well as Tranct, Philip therefore fitted dot the moft powerful Fleet that ever, rode upon the Ocean, ftiled, Tbt tmvintihU ArmaJd, Anno 1588, with which he attempted ta invade England i but by the Bravery and Stratagems of the Eiigli/bt and the Storms they met with, the greateft Part of the Armada was dclFroyed. He afterwarrfu Entered into a War with Frante with no better Sue- •efs : But upon the Death of Henri Kins of Ptrtmgal, Ana» 1579, he invaded that Kingdom, which ne claimed as Son and Heir of IfabtUa, Daughter t3 Enumutt King of Portngali and* though die Eraganza Family were thought to have a better Title, they were not ftrong enough at that Time to oppofe Philiifi UAirpatkirt, whereby he became pbAfefled of the Spice Mandi, &nd other Settlemenu of the Ptrtngnt/t in the Eaft-Miti^ at well as of Gmmy in Afrita^ aid Uraatil in South ^bmrica. This Prince put his eldeft Son Don Cttrks to Death* imder Pi«. tehee ITe was engaged in a Confpiracy agdnft hiin, though fome have fugffefted it was with a View of marrying the Lady haMU !• whom Don C«r/«/ his Son was coatraOed. TMt PhUif II. mar- D \ lied n SPAIN. ^W JftiMQMfii of BtgUaul, ud after her Death coorted her Sfler The Spmiimrdit in order to diflrefe the diftficded KttbtrUuidirtt iMviof prohibited all Commerce with them, the Dutch fitted oat IPIeett* and made themfelvet Mailers of the moft confiderablc Setdc* jDenti the Twrtngtiifi had in the Bmfi-Iiidittt while that Kinfrdom wai ! under the Dominion of Spain i v^cy alfo fubdued Part of ^r«xiA and fo diftnrbed the Na%'igation of uie Shards to JmtrUa and the j Emjl'lmditst thMi Spain was contented to grant a Truce to theStxwii ^United frcvinett of the Nethtr/anJu which had thrown i^ the Spanijk Yoke» Jnm 1609: The other Ten Provinces having been reduced again under the Dominion of Sfainf by the Duke of Alva, and other ' Sj^M^ Generals. ' The Sptmartb renewed the War with the Dutch, Anm 1 622, lyhich continued until the Year 16^8, when the Dutch were acknowledged! Independent Sutes at the Treaty of WtftphaUa. In the mean Time the Catalan^ revolted to the French, Anm 1 640. And in the fame Year Portugal revolted, John IV. Duhe of Bra. ganga, having found Means to expel the Spaniardtt and aicend that Throne. NafUj was almoft loft in the Year 1647, Jlf Vttherlandt again, reduced Ffoncht Ctmte, or BurgunJj, took Lijlt, f§umM, ChoNtref, Dt/ntutf, QudpiarJ, and feveral more. Liflt, Ttur- lutjf, Dmat, OndtnarJ and Charlery^ yitt% con^pted to Frt^ne^ hf th< Treaty oMrjr /« ChaftUt, 16^8, The War between France and Spain being revived in 1672, the §Mniardt Ipft C$ndf Fftincienntt, Cambraj, Tprtt,. St. Omer$ Btnchaiii, Aire, and Manheuge, with all Franche Cemte ; which were confirmed to Frame by the Treaty of Ninieguen^ 1678. War commencing agutt jn 1683. |ke French took Cturtraj, DixmuJt, and Lwtemherg ; whf(th Iffft was confirmed to France by a fubfeauenl T'C*7 i ^»( Qenrtraj 1^ DiMtfui^ ytV9 rtApnd to S/ain^ SPAT N. 55« b dM Yctf i68^^/Mr«Blln«d into a Confed e mc y iviUi dM Em- r, utf Emp^, Ei^lmd, Mhaid, and die Nordicra CrowM» : FrMW ; Mt Ae AHies tinder Prince XFUMvi were ^sfettcd at in i&SK>i before die Em^ijb had joined diem. Mmu wm taken die FHiKh ia 1693, and Aeath of his Cktholic Majefty, perfuaded the-Kine of Engtatuf, ^iffiam III. to enter into a Treaty with the Fmeb King, for a Partldon of the Spamflf Dominions, between the Emperor, the Duke [of Bavaria, and his meft Chriftian Majefty ; who all of them pre- knded a Right to the Succcffion; which Coining to the Knowledge of his Cathdic Majefty, he made this Will, and nve the entire Sfanijb Monarchy to Pbii/f Duke of An/m, fecond Son of the Dauphin of France, and Grandfon to Lewis XIV. and dyinv not long after the making this Will, in the Year 17^, Lewis \lV, immediately fieeed on all the Spamfi> Dominions for his Grandfon PInUp, and caufed him to be proclahned King of Spain. The /«- penHfit on the other Hand inufted that Chariefi Will was forged, or executed when he was Non-tempos, and marched an Aimy over the J^s into Italy, in order to recover the Spaniflt Territories there, out of the Hands of France. The Allies were very fiic« refsfol in this War in Italy and Planiirs, and the Emperor LeofeU and his Son Jo/epb, having made a Refignation of their Interen in the Spanijb Monarchy to the Archduke Charles, the Emperor's fecond Son, he was proclaimed King of Spain, and conveyed to Portugal by the Britip Fleet, 1703. Twelve Thoufand EngliJ^ and Duicb aRerwards embarked on board the Fleet, in order to jmn 'the /*«r- le/w^ and invade Spain on that Side. The Confederate Fleet, commanded by Sir George Rooke, took Gib' rabar on the 1 lUi of Jnly 1704, and on the 13th of Anfn,9 dvfealcd the French Fleet near Medagm, D4 u » F 4 I If. . lo 4e iBcaa Tine tlw tff»g^nsm llidcc^ntmtf md ikf INctTof Bm/mf^ joined by Part of dw /rmA AiPy> gKftUjr iittni^ tlii% Ejaf«R>rj|nd Empire. WlMtccupmi the Dnl^e of M^r / im mg kt, win c^ininawlled Uie Confederate Force* in FUmitrs (whcrf 1m 1^ islc«ii fa many To«n»* ^ the Dutch were in no Panger o(t Uiqg i^ pjized u| his Ab(cence} marched to ^e Banlu of the Qam^i m^ ob. tained that memorable VidcMya^ Hichfittt in 1704, wbare thf frtfprf andJBfv^MHf/ loft 40,000 Men* Priibners iadaded ; and the filedor of JB^tfrMi being driven out of his DCNi^# took Pofleffion of tbem. But the irmb were foperipr in Ifafy^ and took tbe Tqwm of Virm» Verceilf HUfi^ Sm/a, and Fiila Fraiua from the Duke of &Ki«r.< 0» the ctk of littf 1705, U. S. died Lupoid Emperor of (krmiify, and was /uccee^ed by his eldeft Son TV'/ifr, King of the Rtnmu* .pndi^^xjd oi July 1705, i^ing C/fror/rjLand the Prince tii Hfffit. Parmjladtt with a ^ody of I^nd Forces, embarked with the Conw- d^ate ^l^t at Lifiqn* commanded by Sir Geor^t ^ptkit and laiiding a| M«r King CAorib thu C «inj>aign) t Court; about which Time theEtnpefOr •Jf^ died, and hit Brother King Cbatkt was deAed Emperor at frmtukfirtt Oaohir-t%t 171 1. ^ The firil general Coofniencei for a Peace were held at Vtrtibt t« tie Uiattd nrivimett oh the 29th of Jamidrv, N. S. 1 7||. The Alfies appearing very unwilling to fut an End to the War, the QjMen of Mngltmd confented to continue it another Camnaign, and the Towte of ^ejnoy in die Vttbtrlandi was beficged and taken on the 4di •f 7*^ 171X. The Duke of Ormmi commanding the Britifi Forces In Flmdert Ais Gampngn, in thd Room of the Duke of Marliormgtt declared to the Generals of the Allies, that he had Orders to aeree to a CeA fitdott of Arms with the Freneb, who confented to a Pbace on die Tkrms Griot Brhan demanded. Whereupon Prince EugttUt with the Jhjhiam and Dtach Forces, and the Mercinaries, fepar«t«d from the Dnke of Ormotuion the i6th of July; and on the 17th, he andhCar- flial Fillart proclaimed a CeiTation of Arms between Qrua-BritaiK and FrMce, in their refpcAive Camps. Prince Eugene having laid Siege to iMdreey, the Freneb fai)>rized tteCatI cf/tlbtmarkf who commanded a large Detachment of the Allied Army at Deaain, defeated his Troops and made him Priibner. On die'^z^th of yntyi the Freneb alfo attacked and took Mtrtbitmutt where Were the Magazines of the Allies, foffident for two Sieges, and made the Garrifon coniifting of Five Thoufand Men, Prifoners •f Wkr. And, the /rrarifr afterwards retaking feveral 3ther Towns, iivtDMcb thought fit to come into the i?r///^ Plan of Peace, Kine PbiUf having renounced all future Pretfcnfions to the Crown ^ Fnukt ; as the Dukes of Burgundy ^ Berry, and Orleans, did to the C^nawn of Spmn. ' Tile Treaty of Peace was figned at Utreebt, by the Minillers of an dM Allies, (except thofe of the Emperor and Empire) and by thf Plenipotentiaries of France, on the 31ft of Mareb 1713, 0. S. By thb Treaty the Fortifications of Dunkirk were to be demdilhed, anq Ae Harbour filled up ; Minorca and Gibraltar were confirmol tO Great Britain. The Engltjb were to fiimifli the 5/«ffi/& Settlements in Jmerica with Negroes. And a Ship of 500 Tons was allowed to be ient by Gre»t Britain annually, with Britijb Merchandize to PtrH'Belh, &c. Luxembcrg, Namur, Cbarlerey, Menin, Teumay, Fur- mes. Fart Kfioaue, ffres, and Dixmunde, were made the Duteb BarHer in the Ketberlands ; but LiJ!e, Aire, Betbune, and St. Venant were re- ftored to Franre, and the reft of the Towns they had retaken this Campaign confirmed to them. Tae Catalans were indemnified by this Treaty, and the Allies thereupon evacuated that Province ; but the Catalans refufinl the In- demnity, ereAed an Independent State, and declared War againft King mhp, as did the Ifland of Majorca ; but Barcelona and the whole Province of Catabnia were reduced to the Obedience of King Pbilip by the Duke of Berivirk, in the Year 1714; and Majorca wsis com- pelled 10 fubmit to that Prince in 1 7 1 5 . Tin SPA IN. S9 The GvMMf quricd m dMW«r fcr brntTimn after tlMAllHt ' imd ihtFrmtk hiAtmmd^ JSmPcms atlAmdv* btitdie Amm4]m». ing tiJwvl^M^^ aM fqat «lker Placfi, the Gr««v concluded a Peace widi dbem |tt Ii4f/lst,jhm 1714; wlicrabjr aack Paitjr wai left in Pofleffion of what thcr had taken doriag thr War, only Sieify wa> aUotted to iheDukc 6t Smity, wiifr the Tide of King of diat Th£ Qoecn of Sptuu^ Hmtim Uni/kt Daoghier of the Doke of 5*vy, dying, in the Year I7i4, die Kiqg the fiuaeYear ntarriel the Frinccft Elitesittb, Daaghter of the JDuke of Fmnif i which Match being ncgpciated by Jlbtnm an ItmUtm Ecdefiailr^ ttSe Qpeen procoied a Cardinal't Ci^ for hkn, and fcw her Influence helboa after became Prime Minifter in the Sptuup Court. And the F»m ntiiatu being attacked by the TturJb in the Year 1715, the Cardi- nal, at the Inftance of the Pone, ient aSqua^.ron of Men of War to ibfir Affiftance, which iaved ue Ifland of Cut/m, but the Fuutimms hk all the Mtrui. T\te.SfmMi'd$ having now increafed their Navy, and being oaeai^ at die dwembering &eir Monarchy, Cardinal Aliurtnit onPiittauca that tbi; Emperor had forfeited his Right to the &fwufii Doniniaaa in halyt bv not delivering up CataUma and the Ifland of Mtftrm tt> king Pbilif, invaded and iubdued the Ifland of S^wJimim in 1717; Sd tlu: next Year invaded Skilj and reduced the greateft Pact of that and : Whereupon the Emperor, Grtat-Britam* Frmct, and Hd- iaMJt entered into a Confederacy againft^«i«, which was called the Quadruple Alliance ; and the Bnglijit Admiral, Sir (ktrgt BjuBg, waa ient into ike Mi£terratuan with a itrong Squadron, to prevent the en- iite I^ftpf th^t Ifland. The Admiral cocung ud with $he Spatttfi> Fleet in die Strut of JtStJtiut, Jtify 1718, took eleven and burnt fix of their Men of Wai. He al(b traniported a Body of Gcrmam to Sicilft to o^iofe the Spmi/k General the Marquis D« L«/r { nnd fi.Yeral (mart Engagement* >hi|^ pened there between the Gtrmans and the Sptmiardt, In the mean Time the Frcwcb invaded SpmU on the Side of Cm* pufttttt took Vmrt-faJJagit and burnt fcveral Sfmmfi* Men of War; they afterwards took FmtwrMa and St. Sthafiiems, and reduced the whole Province of Guipuftta, The Britijb Forces, commanded by Lo^ C'bbamt alio made a Deftent into Spun, took and plundered Fig^t and then reimbarked. On the other Hand, the Ji/«n«riiSr imbarked 300 Men under the Command of the Earl of Sii^mrtbt who landed in Smland, and was joined by two or three thoufima HigbUmdtn\ bat they )vere d^eated in J urn 17 iQ, by General Wigbtnumt and moft of the SpamarJs made Phfoners of War. The frriKifr were induced to enter }nto this War mthj)/«0r, it is faid, by a Project Cardinal Alberoni had formed, in Concert with ^he Frtncb Nobili^, to <)eprive the Pu|ce of Orltaiu of the Re- fency, and defeated his ExpeAations, of fuccecding to the Throne of rtuue in Favour of Kine Pbilip ; but however that was. King fbilit finding himfelf unable to refifl (o potent a Coofedrjracy, en- ^fcd into a Treaty with the Allies ; confented to eyacuatc Sialy ami ^3 9mtim8id»f Aa4SiH^wuikeltapim ilfofted t^t&tf BlKiMtalv tad dtt kl» King ofiiSl^ akdc Kfttg hf Baf^iOmi V4 ^rrmb tti- «k»kaibe0adieOocifioii«f tlUtWW^ wssfeoinifterdi^praoedaM Til* fk«M.ft King' Wtog • CUM of ft iwcikly Cbiilthatimi, 64 wkofe Death without Ifitie^ the Duke of Orltiuu wu to have fiKceed<' «*t»lkRCi««»t, tlM Date thottrikt fit tto nuinf hifil to thehiftiit^ Marim, tlinA DiM^hlcr of Ae Kinr of 5)^41^, dien in dw fourth Yew of her Agev ftom whom tio mtt could be expected in many Yean. Tho l Ug iw rt aMh maitied hia own Daoghttr, Madamoifelte it Mmtp0H/irrt to^ the Pffnce of Muritity die King of ^fiuils eldelb fiOB ; and lie was ibnt to die Conn of ^tdn. M the fiune Tlm6 •ka Infikica came' to* reUdi^ in FVvBtiv, where (he bore Ato 'Title of QaeeA lior fime Time, btat iLc Regent dying in x^xit the f)hr«^^b^an t6 Ainkof fimding boek the Infanta C^eeil, and marrying Ardt King t6 feme Princefs from whom they might hope for liTue. i» the mean-Time/o'iz. Jtumttry i6, lyza^) fhiUp Kitoftof ^/ prabibift aU JM li ii nb a>ait » '^ 1h4 Sottti Itm SUdy, or aajr odm Fkit •f hwDomwiMM. Jliirf Ml AUv Ike JU*K «f Spaim iHfigwig on a FipMft liwB llM Sio^^ EuUaid for reftoring CHrsitmr, on Us aonedia^. «» Ae QjNMlnifli AiUMCC UdSiiieMdittFoisskis: Whettmi A^Cmit t)HOmt~ Mritsim coanDttBcUAdminl t't/br p»^hk»A Uf PtmMtIk IvJili m SqMdna of M«n of W«r» aad ordered «. -.; ; the Ships we w WoNi' «aten, and rendened an&t for Service; t^md i He J»iM/» Trade IbfiMdl greatly in tliat Pact of the World. A 1 i-ca^ of Fasificatioa hiit we a* Grtat Mritaiti, the Empeior, aad Spatut hikuf ftt M Foot in the Year 1727, it was agreed that the Siege of Giiraltar fliould be nMedi that the OStndTnAe te huiia ihould be fufpended^ and that the Bri- tifb Squadrons ihoald retorn from Porto-BiU» and the Coafti cNf ^U* By a Ittbfigqaent Treaty betwcoi Gnat Britirint F^amtt iaA ^M«<% in 1725)^ (htMtBtitaimtugaigtd to fumiih the ^/MmtrviSr with « 8i|a»^ dron of Men of War and Land Forces, to oonvoy Dun CerJW Ini 6cco SpanitufJt to Itafy, te fecure the eventual Siiaceniett <^ thai FMaci to the Dutohies of Tufcuip, Parmuh and PUumtutyttoi to pay a ««i. tain Sum for the Ships which Admiral Jtyng dellroyed': AimI Spaik agreed, that Great-Britwa i. un!'] have SadsfiaAion for the DepitAMMii ot the SfamwrJt in Amtriu^ ; ^\>A a Congrc6 was appnnted to bo'lMli at Soijiast to acconvnodate fuch Differences as remaiMd. In the mean Time a Marriage was agreed upoo between /VntfaaMf Prince of the Afttvimy, and the Infittta of P4rtMgd ; and aaodker be*- tween tiie Prince of Uraxil and Mary, the Infanta of Spatn^ wb» kii been contraAed k Marriage with l^vis the XVth of FrOimi. The Emperor being greatly alarmed at dkat Article in the Trcitf of SeofUe, for introducing 5/ii«//& Forces into Italjti pratefted agaiift it, forefeeing that this would endanger the Lois of all his/teAaisDi^. minions ; atld marched a good Body of Troops into Itafyt le goanl againft this fatal Mcafure, whereby the Execution of it was ftlpciiii ed for a Year or two ; but the Britijb Fleet commanded bf Sir Charlts ff^ager^ with Land Forces on Board, joining that of S/atia hk the Year 1731, convoyed the 600a Spamardt Uf Ugktmr which the Emperor feemed te confent to upon the Maritime Powers gtiarAiile- ing to him the Pbileflion of his //AilrMDmdnlMsr which flood hitt in little Stead, as appeared two Yeart after : for Jugujliu King of ^s- Und ■rv'(»i44'~-i\«''-^j -' In S P A I H, Imd ^ftg in the Year 1733. and SupMuu^hAM-iarUm td flie KiAf •f Frame* becoming a Candidace tat lim Crown, wWdi '!« had fbmiicrly poAfcfledt and tlw Fruieh King djmofifllg Us biercft^ h^ was (mpoftd By the Ble£tor of AurMgr, iapfwrted by thewdted Intefeft of the Conns of rtama and iSi^, who fixed the EleAar, At^p^ the Third, upon the Throne of PtUmix Which die Fr^k Kinc pietended was fnch an Aftont and Injory to him, that malting an AUance with re at^ Smdimmt he invaded the Gmnmi Dominions in /«e^, carried War into G(me<«r, and toolc PbtUffimrg, where the IHlie of itr* ^ttUk was lulled in the Trenches. After feveral Battles between the Allies and the h^atPaia» id Mtafy, the Emperor was driven out of all his Itmlum Dominions, ex« cept MtMum. He fent Memorial after Memorial to the Maritime Powers, that bad guaranteed theie Dominions to him ; but they obn- tented themfelves with offering their Mediation, and did not think fit to concern themfelves farther in his Quarrel. Whereapon die Empe* ror was compelled to confirm Nt^t and Sicily to Don Cer/i/, who had already taken Poflirffion of them, and been proclaimed King, on Condition that the Allies ihould reftore the MiUuu/iand NUMiutt and cede Parmm and Pketntia to the Emperor. And it was further agreed, that the Duke of Ltrnun fliould make a Ceffion of that Dutchy to King SuuiiJIam, who on his Death fhonld be uoited to the Crown of Fratiet { and that in Lieu of it, the Duke of Lorrtun fhould enjoy the Dntchjr of ^Tiffctmj. The Sftuamrds continuing to fearch and plunder the Britip Ships in , jlmritm, and kize the Effcds of the SoiubStm Company on that Side, heavy Complaints were made to the Court of Sfain on thefe Heads, whidi feemed to confknt, that SatisfaAion ihould be made for all unjoft Captures, it being made abundantly evident, that the Spsaiardt had taken and condemned a great many Britifl> Ships that had never attempted to trade with Sfmmfib Amtrita. Whereupon Commifliiries were nominated to adjuft the LoiTcs on both Sides 1 the Emgli/h De- mand being reduced by them to 200,000/. whereof 60,000/. was dedaAed for the Sptmi/b Mea of War deftroyed by Admiral Byiig, purfinat to an Article in the Treaty of StvilU ; by which, and other Abatements, the Demand of the E»gbA was reduced to 95,000/. and though 68,000/. wu acknowledged to be due to xh9 Snti Sim Company, on Account of the Sdzures the Sfmmardt had mide of fheir EffcAs ( yet the Spammriu pretended a much greater Sum wu due to them from the Company, which they infifted fliould be de- duced out of the Balance that appeared due toEniUmdi to which the £fff/^ Commifliiries agreed, and figncd a Convention to that Pur* pofe in Jmumtj 1 738-39, leaving the Afl^r of Vifiting and Seising the Merchant'Aiips of Enilanil to future Conferences. Which TiMty the Court of Gnat Ar//«i« ratified ; and it was approved of in the Houfe of Commons, bv a Majority of 38 Voices { but the Spmumrit neg* IcQingto pay tne 95,000^ at the Time appointed, and theMer* chants of Enilanixtk general petitioning againft the Convention, the Obort was compelled in a Manner to enter into a War with Spmut whi\;h wu heguB by graatiag Lettcn of Marque to the Merchants, SPAIN. 6p la order tb makeRepriftb for the Loflb tkcy had fafiaiiicd ; tad m. the 23d of Odtiir foOowiog* War waftdedMcdagainft J>«/». In the Pfofimttioo whereof* widKwt reckoning the laaU Tndiaf- flupt loft on either Side, the SftoMirdt foflercri nt Icoft Twelve Mil- lion Steriiag Lo(> in Capital Priaci and Men of War; and a Peace b^ng concluded in 1748, it was agreed by a fobfe^uentTitaqr ia 1750, That hi* CmibtUc Majefty Ihould pay to the SoMth-Stm Conpn* ay ioo,coo/. And to prevent any ilbcic Tnufe, and all Difpotaa arifiog therefrom, the Company's Ri|ht of fending their Aaaoal Gal- leon £ould entirely ceafe and determine. Prt/fHt State of Spain.] The StMUartlt have parted with alnoft all their Eurtfim Dominions oat of Spaiiit particularly Bm-rtaufyt and the NrtbtrUmdtt Milantft, Naples, Sicilf, and SarJim'a: But as the Princes of the Houfe of BturUii poflefs Franet, Sfaim, the Sieilus, and Parma, the Interefts of Spain and Fraiict feem to be fo firmly united* that thev will probably join againll any other Power in Eur^, when- ever either of them are attacked : I look upon Spain therdbre, 10 be much more formidable at prefent, than it was be^re the Duke ofAiijm mounted that Throne. We find France took this Kingdom under ita Protedion in the laft War, and thus united, they appeared an Over- match for all the Allies at Land, though they were no Match ftatEng' /am/ alone at Sea. And as France is the great Support of Spain, no Doubt they will make the Frencb fome Return, by favouring their Tjaffic with Spanijb America. Alliances are never more firmly cAab- lilhed, than when it is the Interelt of both the contracting Parties tie obierve the Terms they have agreed on. Nor is the Alliance of France the only Benefit arifing from Spein*t having a Prince of French ExtraAion on the Throne. The Court of ^fvhave confiderably improved their Revenues, and increafed their Forces hy Sea and Land ; fmce that Event, the People are encouraged to applv themfelves to ManufaAures and Hufbandry, and to fluke oC that idle and hea^7 Difpofition, which had rendered them fo contemp- tible in the Eyes of other Nations ; and they may probably, in a few Yean, make a more confider^ble Figure in Enrepe, than they did un* der their Native Princes ; and it is not at all improbable, that Spain Ihould, on fome Pretence or other, hereafter add Ptrtnga/ to her Do- minions again, fince France will foarce ever make a Diverfion in Fa- vour of that Kingdom, as it is ufed to do, when Por/a/o/ was invaded by Spain : No Nation befide France can protect Pcrtnga/ againft Speua, ■ except Britain with its Fleet ; and Ihould Ptriugal be reduced by the Spaniard, it will probably greatly aff^A the Britijh Traffic. Fiom the JunAion of the .V/<<& Fleets, which are now incrcafiag* we have a great deal to apprehend. I ihould have reoiemlned, that the SpaniarJt aie ftill Mailers of Oran, Ceuta, and fome other Placca in jiMca, and are perpetually at War wirh the A/gerinet, and the reft of the Powers on the Coaft of Barhary, which make frequent Deiccota 00 the Coaft of Spain, and carry whole Villages into Captivity, at well aa pleader all the defencelefs Ships they meet with at Sea or th«t Kaiioo. PORTVQAU (6i) PORT V 6 A L. f tlmdvtet.'l tad Iw.Lm. I hooliiktmLnttlH and I N. Lat. j i loo Milesm Brtadth.* B Conpichending Time Divifioni. OUNDED by Pan of 5/«i«, on the North tnd Eaft; and by the jbUMkOce$Mt on the Soeth aad Weft. 1. The North Divifion. 2. The Middle Divifion. 3. The South Divifion. The North Divifion^ CMtaint Provinces. Eat re Mini* Doun and TimUt Mettitt N. Lat. Q^/«and the Middle Divifi. on fftntitint ^e Soadi Divifion contains ,Beir» and 'l^hrtmmdiirm .inirt Tajtt and Giuu/i«mm, or AUntgt, and JIgmrvM* Chief Tovtms. Lon. 8>4o. 41*20. and /7«JM. HBrmramutt W. Lon. 7. N. Lat. 41-50. UtirmnJ*, and hlUirrtaL HC$imirat W. Lpn. 9. N. Lat. 40-20 GuardM CaM ReJrigt* Lijbw W. Lon. 9—25. N. Lat. 38-4;. St. IJhu^ and Ltirm, EbmrMt or Evornt W, Lon. 8-20.N. Lat. 38-32. PtrtaUgrt Ehrns, Bum. vet, N. Lat. 36<-45. I«j •tautrt i rw, W. LoB. 9-27 . /kr*, Tmvirm, and 5i/Mrif | and 5 A/rVn^ | all falling into the AtUmtk Ocean. (Per tteir Courfe, fee Spain.] . ffmmmnu mrCaptt,] i. Qv^MtnJigt^ near the Mouth ofth' Rivff iittulwt. a. Cape Rtm, at the North Bntrance of the River f^ 3. iMe^pithtl, Kt the South Entrance of the River T^t } and 41 Cife 81. r«MM, on the South Weft Point of ^Igarvm. B*fi.] P o A r V G A l: ^ Amt.] Bayi •!« tbofe of Csdnnh or St i;ij«r. Sooth of X^0mi^ nd Ltigit Bay ia il^pw*. ^r.j The Air is not ib port m in 5/«i% ndtlm it it fo exccfiVs luK as Ml fomcof tke Sonthern Provinces of Sfmm, lying forthfi aoft Part apott the Sea, and refreflitd with Breexet from thence. SulwidPrtdiitt.] The Soil is not fo fnutfvl as that of J>«/«, nor are their Fniitt fo good, though they are of the fame Kind ; the^ have Plenty of Wine, but vtry little Corn, great (^antities whereof are carried them from Emglaiui. The Flelh ofthcir Cattle and Poaltiy it lean and dry, but they have a great deal of good Sea Fifli. Ammab.'] The Horfes in P»rtmgalaxt brilk lively Animals, as they are alfo in S^am, bnt of a flieht Make ; and Mules being much furor footed, are more nfed both for^arriaze and Dmoght. Some Black Cattle and Flocks of Sheep are feen here, but they do not aboond, and their Fleih is generally lean and dry. Their Hogs and Kidi aro much the beft Food. MoMk/aamrts.] Either their Wool, or thofe that manufaAure it are in Fault ; for thev make only feme coarfe Cloth, worn by the meaneft of the People ; others wear Eiiglijb Cloth or Stuffs i bat black Bays more than any other Kind. Traffic.'] P«rtmgal has a confiderahle Foreign Trade, efpecially with EngUnd, excnanging their Wines, Salt and Fruit for the Britijb Woollen Manufaftures, with which thev fumifli their Colonies and Subjefts in A/ia^ Afrita^ and America. Their PlanUtions in Bratil in Stub America are immenfely rich ; yielding Gold, Silver, Diamonds, Sugar, Indigo, Copper, Tobacco, Train -Oil, Brazil, and other Dy- ing Woods, Gums, and Druri. They have verv extenfive Planta- tions alfo on the Eaft and Weft Coaft of A/, tea, from whence they bring Gold, Ivory, and Slaves, fufficient to manure their Sugar and Tobacco Plantttions in Brazil. They carry on a confiderahle Trs ^ j alfo with the Em/Miei, being ftill poflefled of G$a their Cap'ud, and feveral other Places there. LiJioH is the greateft Port in Eunfe. except LmJcm and Amfttriemi Operf and f^iatia alfo are confiderahle Ports, as well as St. Uiei, whcrs EHgiiJb Ships frequentlv load with Salt when they are bound to Amerita. CanlHtHtim.'] The King of Portmgtlt as well is the King of 5Wii, is looked upon to be an abfolute Prince : The Certes or three EAates have long nnce fold thrir Part in the Legiflature to the Crown, and only ferve to confirm or record fiich AAs of State as the Court rf» folves upon, to declare the next Heir to the Crown when the King is pteafed to nominate Kim, or to ratify Treaties with Foreign Princes who (HU cfteem their Confent of any Weieht. KiHg'$ Tiilei.] The King's Titles are, king of Pertugal znd the Alg*rvt*s on this Side$ and beyond the Seas in Africa, Lord otGrnmy, and of the Navigation, Conquell, and Commerce of Mthitfia, Asra- iia, '*erfia, Itidia, Brazil^ &c. In the Year 1 748, the King of Pertngal was dignified by the Pope with the Title of His maft Faithfml Ma.f/ff. The eldeil Son of P0rtmgaJ is ftiled Prince of Branil. Arm.'.} The Arm-; of Pertigrtl are. Argent, five Efcntcheons £ Axure* i^.'t p o R r U G A t Atttfb, ^bnid ctofftwlfe, cadi dnmd with ts ouayBefimt* oTtlie fitft, placed Saltier-wife, and pointed Sable, for Fmwgd. The SU«ld terOtretlGda diaamd wiA ftteu Towcn O, thre* ia CUcf, and two \tk each Ptanch. The Creft is aCrawnOr/andcr the twoflaachm, and the Safe of the ShfaM ap^an «t die End of it { tw» Qtoflb, llie Kril dower de Lace Vert, which is for die Order of Avis, and the fe- . cbiid Pattee Gules, for die Order of Chrift ; the Motto is dimgealde* Cach King aifiiming a new one ; br' it is fVequcBdy thcfc WokU Fn Heg* el Gregft fviz.J For tbt King and the Pnpk, IfeSilJty.j The Degrees of NMrility are the fiuM as in Sfmm. Orders ef Knighibctd.'l Hieir four Orders of Kniehthcod ««, i. That of Avis. 2. The Order of Cbrif. 3 . The Order of St. yemte ; and, 4. The Knigho of St. Jtbn ; who have aU Conaundenea and feffattes annexed to their refpeiftive Orders, as in Spain. f»rcts.'\ Neidier thdr ncet or Land Forces are very foraudable; diev are now the moft inconfiderable of all the Maritinc Powos; and their Land Forces die worft Militia in Eurape. Jttwmui.] The Revenues of this Crown, finec the Difeovery of the Mreaeil Mines, may be eqoal to thofe of any Prince in Eitrofei but their Forces by Sea and Land are very ineonfideraUe; fo that here the cam- non Obfervation, diat Piower ufnallv attends Weahh, does net hold. Taxes.] The Cuftoms and Duties on Goods exported and im- groed are a confiderable Part of the Public Revenues, and are ufuaify med out by the Crown from three Years to diree Years. Thde Du'^es are very hieh in Portugal, and could not be advanced without the utter Ruin of tne People. Foreign Merchandize pays as /ir Cent. en Importation, and Fim ftam Newfoundland 2^ ptr Cent. f't(tk taken in the neighbouring Seas and Rivers pay 47 per Cent, and die Tax upon Lands and Catde that are fold is to /a* Ctia, The Duty on SnufF aloHv amounts to joooo Crowns. Beiides which die Kin? draws a confiderable Revenue from the feveral Orders of Knighthood, of which the King; is Grand Mafter. And the Pope in Confideration of the 1arG;e Sums lie draws out of this Kingdom on other Accounts, gi%'es the King the Money arriiing by feveral Bulls from the Holy i>ee ; as thofe for granting Indulgences, Licences to eat Flefli at Times pro- hibited, i^c. hni n is computed that the Royal Revenues, dear of all Fenfions and Sallerirs, may amount to three Millions five hundred thobiand Crowns. The Nobility nre not tax'd but apon^xtraordiaary Emergencies, and then not very high. Pe^hns and Habits,'] As to their Perfons and Habits the Fanngmfi are noteileemed fuch Perfonable Men as the Spaniards: They do not confine themfelvcs to wear black Cioaths as the Spaniards do, bat on FcHivals appear very brlliant. In other Refpcfls there is no great Difference between them and their Neighbours of Spain, Gemut, Cujloms, ti^r.] As to their Genius, Cuiloms, Diverfioas, tfc. they reiemble thofe of Statn^ of which they were a Province- Their Religion is the fame, and there are a proportionable Nombcr of Conventk. A Patriarchate has lately been ere£led »x Li/ha, which it the only Difference between the Kcdefiaftical Government of.Spai* tnd Poriu^a/. lumnu^e.) ■^^^^^ pokrt/GjL 9j^' la^mtgt.] The ftrti^Ji Luffoage does not diSer modi from that ot S/aim. U U ramrnu&tty fpoken on aU th« Coafb of j^ca, and //J!a, at far as CUmtt but inixed with the Lapgo^ of the fevrni Na- tions in that extenfive TraA of Coontry. Their Pattr-mfltr runt thus : P&in m^fut ^a$ utt Cms, StmSifcado ftia o Uu name : Vtnha a tut u» nr/m • SiisfiiU a /«« itmtade, e^ nat ctos^ commit na terra, O ftitmfr de epdaiimt d«m h m n*tJhSa. E ferdom r»t ftnhor^ at ntffat diwdatt «^ t*i^ *Bi ptrdoamat a os nt/fos devedorts, E km net dutu tabir em teMtatit, mas libra net do mal. Amen. teewt."] The Laws of this Country are all cont^ned in Three Volumes Duodecimo ; and founded on the Civil Law, and their parti'- citlar Cuikms. Religion.'] Their Religion is Popery; and they have a Patriarch, as well as Arcnbiihops and Biflxops, but all under theJnfluencecf thePope. The Inquifition reigns here with as gieat Fury as in Spain^ the De- fcendants of the Je^t, who were compelled to profefs Cbrijiiani^t are ufually the unhappy Sufferers, on Pretence they are not fincere, but remain Je 6 6 12 10 9 o o o 10 4 The double Moeda's as they come to England ■ Johns • I The Half and Quarter of thefe in Proportion. Silver Coins ofPORTUGJL The Crufado, or Ducat ■■■ . The Patac, or Patagon — < — In Portugal^ Accounts are kept in Rea's, an imaj^inary Coiiuf a ^houfand whereof make a Milrea. A Cru&do of Silver is 480 Rea's. RtvolutioHs and memorable Events. THE Hiftory of Ptrtugal is blended with that of Stain, ontll It was recovered from the Moert. Alphcn/o, fixth King of Zm»» having made a Conquell of the Northern Provinces of Portugalt con- ftituted Henry of Snrgundy, a noble Volunti^r in thefe Wars, Earl of Portugal, Atno 1093, /ilphon/o^ Son of Htnry, a/Turned the Title of King, Anno IU9> having recovered feveral other Provinces from the Motert \ and his Succeilors cont>naed the War with the Infidels, till they had reduced all Portugal. The Crown continued in this LliM B a 58 PORtVOAt imtil the Reig.'; of FtrJhiatul wpon whofe Death ycbn his Baflard ?h)- ther ofiirped the Throne, jkm 1385. This Prince invaded A/riea and took the Port Town US Cents from the Mttrt. The Madeira Iflands and t^ Jxerts or Wtfiern Iflamls alfb were diicovcred in this Reignt and added to the Kingdom of funmgei^ with the 'Coaft of Xitimjf\ and, after a glorious Reign of near fittY Years, John left the Crown to bis Son EdnuarJ. His Grandfon Alpbonfo invaded Merecn, and tafdk the Towns uf Tangier, jfrxilia, Alcajfart and feveral others on the Coaft of Africa from the Mews. Jebm II. was the firft Prince who endeavoured to trace oat a Way to the Eafi-Indit$, round the Coaft of Africa *, leaving no Children he was fucceeded by his Coufin Emanuel, who baniOied many of UtitJeiutuA Mmts out of Portugal, and compelled thcfe that remained there to pro- fefs Chriftianity on Pain of being made Slaves. It was in this Reign that Portugal arrived at the hieheft Pitch of Glorv, for their Fleets |»aired the Cape of Good Hope, the moft Southern Promontory of Af" rica, and planted Colonies in the Eaft-lndiet, whereby they became fole Mailers of the Traffic between Indta and Euroft ; which was be- fMe carried on through Egypt and the Turkijh Dominions, from whence the Feueiians, Genceje, anoother Maritime Powers in the Mediterranean, iiftd to tranfport the Indietn Merchandize to Europe, and grew im- VWnfely rich and powerful by that Traffic ; but have declined ever Hnce the Portuguefe brought the Riches of India to Europt by the Way of the Cape The Portuguefe alfo poflefled themfelves of the rich Country of Brazil in South America. John III. the Son of Emanuel fentoat a Multitude of Miffionaries to convert the Eajiern Nations and among the reft, the famous Franeii Xan/ir, who planted the Chriftian Religion in In^a, Perfa, Chinn, and Japan, as well as on the Coaft of mfrica, where the Portugutj* have ftill numerous Planutions and Settlemeou ; and he fent other Mifliona- . to Brazil in merica. His Grandfon Don Sebajlian tranfported a powerful Army into Africa, at the Inftance of Muhy Hamit King of Morocco, who had been depofed by Muley Malucco \ and joining MuUy Hamtt, they attacked the Ufurper with their united Forces, but were defeated. Don Stbaju- ««and moft of the Por/vrw^^ Nobility, together withAfu/fy Hamtt, the drpefed Ptince, being killed in the Field of Battle. Muley Maluut the Uftirper died of a Fever the fame Day. Don Sehajfian leaving no IfTue, was fucceeded by Cardinal Henry his Uncle, the only furviving Male of tlie Royal Family ; and he dying after a flion Reign of two Years, Phi/ip 11. of Spain, poflefled himfeif of the Kingdom of Per- tugml, A*ino 1580, which he claimed in Right of his Mother though the Braganxa Family were deemed to have a better Title to the Crown. /'•r/af a/ remained under the Dominion of Spniu fixty Years ; d 'ng which Time the Dutch having (haken off the Spemijb Yoke, pofleflra themfelves of the beft Settlements the Portuguefe had in the EmJI-lmdiet, Africa, and America, which the Portuguefe had enjoyed without a Rivsl lor upwards of .in hundred Yearn; but the Port ifgueje afterwards recover* ed. the Provinces, the Dutch ha/i reduced In BrazJl, again. Spain PORTUGAL ^ Sfsim being mt&amli hf a loag anfaoedsriil War with Framtt nd HitRtvtAtmCttsltmt, tW f«r«ifiii«^ alio revolted, Jim* 1640 » aad advaooid the Odlee of dn^tmut to the TkraM^«rlio» having teigoea fixteen Years, left c«*o SmUt mmuH Dos J^hmfi, and Don PtJm and aDttoghter named C«/i«HiRMr, afterwards ma ricd to Cbtu^s V.» King of &^UmI. PbiUp IV. of Spam reviving his Chum to PmrtugmU invaded that Kingdom ; bat the Pertugtttji being fupported both b| England uA Frtmut obtained a decifive Vidlory over uicSpammrdi at ydia Ficie/a^ Amu 1666, and obliged PbiUf to renounce all^^reteniiont CO the Crown of Fan al. jIlphw/oKSnvof P»rtugal was very unfortunate in the latter Part of his Reign, wr having nurried the Princefs of Ntmnrst flie and his Brother Don PtJn confpired i^nft him, depofed the nnhapmr King, and fent him Prifoner to the lilands of Axcres. After which Ptdn procured a Difpenfation from the Pope, and married his Brother's Wife in his Life-time, talcing upon himiclf the Adminiftration of the Government in his Brothei's Name till he died, Anmt 1683, and then Don Pulro caufed himfeif to be proclaimed King, and governed in hit own Name. InthefirilWar between the Ctonfederates and/'roxtrr, >»hich com* menced ylmo 1689, Portugal flood neuter. In the fecond War, the Pwrtugtitfi came into the Grand Alliance, Amm 1703, on the follow- ing Conditions, awa:. That the Archduke Cbmrkt (who had been pro> claimed King of Spain by the Emperor LtptU his Father) Ihould coma over to Ptrtugal with* 12,000 EKg///k ind Dutth Troops: That the iame Maritime Powers Ihould take into their Pay 1 3,000 Pertiigtitji, and fit out a large Fleet to proteft the Coaft of Portugal. And King Cbarlts was accordingly convoyed to Portkgai by the Confederate Fleet, with the Forces agreed on ; bnt there was not a third Part of the Hotfti froyidtd for remounting the Emglijh Cavalry, as they had promifed. They inr^i'i^d alfo, that the Forces of the Maritime Powers mould be commanded by every Governor of a Province through which they happened to march, and that the Portugtuft Forces fhould take the Right-hand of the Allies. Nor would tlkey foffer the Eiiglifi and Duttb to remain in one Body, but they were difperfed in their de* fencelefs Frontier Towns, where they were frequently made Prifoners by the Enemy. Whereupon Duke Scbombtrg, General of the EngUjht deiired to be recalled, and the Earl ofGalivajt another Frencb Geneial, was (cot over in his Room, who fabmitted to all the Indignities the Portugutf* were pleafed to impofe upon the Forces of the Maritime Powen i and as the Pertugiufi did not bring into the Field half the Forces they had engaged to furni h, and their HorTe ufaally ran away, (as they did at Almamut without ftanding a Charge) this proved a very un^ fortunate War on the Side of Ptrtugtd. Don Ptdr* dying Juno 1706, was fuccreded bv his Son Don Jobm his late MajeAy. in the iirft Year of whofe Reign the Battle of Almmmtm was loft. And Don y«/&M dying in the Year 1750, was i'ucceeded by his Son Don Joftph his prrfent Majefty. The remaining Part of the Hillory of Portugal viM^tiixA with that of Spain* E 3 Frt/eM S^ati^ The Cnril Oovcrniirar tf Arfty«/ Csiaijr te<; gint cfS^mti, Tke Co«rt of LiJ^ 9SBtBM to ceoirm. ivkV ' Mutj^ WB^rilii iwiHw iJMt , Ac is no W«y inferior Ml rliboir. .Q|##r oMNi^m «K^^ «»rP«r/i««/ do in ligfatfia&mraM* of ai Keanif iook ufoa tnenunMi. m tMtfMv ngutta amenmu oi as ^Iktfi^ Jind thembre cln^ to imitett dwGwbms of thatpaiintry i mty dbm thattli^ Fensiles of C^A caaiiot t^gti^ likt SiJbceffioii lot F4ins^ P^cebl|ifai9<^9ei tad oMife^aeittlyiHIi^nceft of dMi Honfe'df ^irtagairvmb ai, lot deeited Pefcigaen»^ ought to hav« fooceedied to the Crown of Sf:^», when the Male Bnuich m that King> doi'Mnmeextma. \ r > .. TlwCity of 1(^611 wttvCii&df deftr ofe d ')y n'lerr»le EarAqaak& ibllO#W by a ConflagratkM^ dirwrili of Aov. mM, being the Feall of MjSditas. By this Mmtwiif inaoy ^hcfuOlnds df *die Inhabttanik loft thllr Lives or Fbrtones. . '. ' At Bon at an Accoont of th|t aidandioW Accident arrived in Englmdi lllf Pariiament voted the Kim; 1 6o,ooi» J^ ibr die Relief of the Stirrers. 6t l^ttt, not far from Lf^&n w^.alfe deftroyed. The Shocks continued for (evendlVys ^^^r, and were felt in moft fUtti at tureju. And the ¥^ti^'^%er^ agitated in ttany Places ia i iwft furprizing Manner. T^ Cities of Fix and Morm» aUb« TtoSpv^ confiderablc Dam^ frbm >Ae fevere Shocka^they had in thofePvtt;» wb^re Numbers of ^ Inhabitants were likewile deftroyed. Situation and Extent, f- between J itutuuriet.'] \m ietwein and 8E. ^\ atad 'F Le^. I 1 6oo^i9esiiiLengt||. Being -< I jeoMil^sifiBrndth. hr the £0gli/lf Chaniiel tne North ; by Germaitp JN.Lat. RAHci \% ha6nud«d ji. and the SetbirlM^ ah iu«ix^vjv», uj -^w'OHfy BtuitmrkoHlt and hafyi Baft ) by th^ Mfdittrraneant and the Pyniumt Mounbins, South ; and by the Bay df Bifii^j Weft. This Kingdom may be throMii ihtO four grand Dirifioiit* *diK, l.Picartfy "i t> IP of France Iq,^^ 4. Normanihf , |. Bret my I 6. Of ieanoh Lienait ^ HethirUtndtt Frtmht will be" }In the Middle. 8 9 Id Ob die founo l^rwenet iuu^nedtt iGvknmvsA It.' iDaupbitu tz. Burgmufy 13 . Lorrain under the Title Kihtrhmih. } 1 On the Eift. SiiT xKRANi.AT^ Sea. sat'* ■S^^^- ^^^*'; "1,^. i^ % '^ ^* J^ R 4 N € ^ ^pt ^ii f S«fadiviiiM. Ckkr Towns. Jmttut B. Lon. s-jo. 50. "VC JmtHttKH Lon I I St. ^onfAv J L PtpmMt. Hig'hffr I tfi^gfi^ contiiiu ! ytrmrndtis BtmUgnoii Ardres Reconqaered Coontry J y^Calmt^CrtJ^Qmfwtt, fJORMANDT is divided int^ Ofs h^btr 9niii M^ and the Lower wlbe We/I, SpbdiyiiioBs. CI^Towm. -: - * CRouenois -r "I f ^0iye«, E. Lon. 1-6. N. LilL 49^3^ Pais Caux r- M C««^ ^ Coutatut Averancbtt '<-« - f I 4'vtraHthei Sent — II ^««e - Iflands, Guernfy, Jetfy, VcAjUtkrnejt {ubje£l to 4SErM< j9nW«. ' ^ Port Towns, Z>n^, Ha'wt-it-Grmctt Harfltmrt Chtrburg, and /A i g i wi. Towns from whence Aioe EmgUflb Noblenien tak« thisir Titles, viVe. JtutmJet OF J/imerUioi. GranvilU. CHAMPAIGN E is divided into the Lcwer on tjife Smtki and the Higher Qti the North. Subdivifiontk Chief Townt. {Cbamfaigne Proper * ' '\ C Trom^ E. Lon. 4-45, M N. Lat. 4t^5l ^MMM// — — W s„s Miffigui — — "" I I ^'*»S^»*. Brit Cbampemt — J L Pr»vim» CRhemis — — — "I r/!iM«« ' " ^■ \ SgtMcis — — I I Rtlifl COOCllM 4 Mfifr Chax^mgHit vgPtrtboit ^^ St. /)/« ^Falagi I I C batons j{.-yMivis. rtm Ijiijir^^iiiiiViiii'i' n , FRANCE. fkt ISLE cf FRANCE is dvuidei inte tw§ Parts^ MiNM. 4 Seyoe, tht ether 6. IV, of the Seyne. Subdhrifioni. (Ifle tf TrtMU Proper" KE.of the Jgm VaUit -^ Vtaun Frmuns "^ Biamioijm «» •*• H LaoMu — — Bri0 — — — 8. W. of f Mmrtn$ — Srifiiu Lmm Mtlim, Mmmtt I Mtntargii, Kummru Falacea, 'Fir/mlU$t Marli, Featmni/tfui, and St. Gtrmaiiu, Chief Towns. P(flri/, B. Lob. a—sj. N. Lat. 48-50. Prnt/fi/i pi^EfANT is fivided into the Higher on the Eafi^ 4md the Lover on the fV^^ SubdivifioBs. Chief Town** ffi«mff$ w^ "^ ^Rtnuitt W, l«/, 4Sr iL«M -T* I I St. />«/, 4U Ltmn i. ^ii^ftr Ctrtmi/i ORLEANOIS fs divided, i. w/^ the Provinces which He upon the Loire *, 2. //^^^ n>j&fr/& lie North of tht Loire \ and, 3. /ir^y^ 5M/i& of the Loire. Subdivifioni. Chief Towiu. 'Ot/mw// Proper BU/ett > • Tuaraim , < fravincet on the I Bitm/ertt ftomwhei I Of Bttufirt take^ ' Oriwut E. Lpn. a. N. Lat. 47-55* Bleit Tours Angtri where* the Duke hit Tide. Svbdiviloif, F R Sabdivifioni. North of -^j^, the iMTi IfTg^^s fP$$am li nnttt \ thof^^ ]i: Provinces South of< che Ltir* Lmetmi Amgtmmit Aunii — A N C E. Chief Townt. CbtftTO AngouUfmt RochtlUt Rofhfftrt Autignif from whence the Dake of Richmemi takti his Title of Duke in Frtuite. Bcmges Mtmta'git. Befy — — — JSe^imity Part — _ _ Other great Towns, Saumur, Richlitu, Iflands, OUfHt Rti, and Oje. LIONOIS is divided into Eaft and Weji, Eaft LioHoit contains Weft itidHMS Subdivifions. r Li§neit Proper y Btajoloit CAuvtrgm Higher J Amvtrgiu Lower — f BmrhMoii \,Martht — Chief Towns Proper 1 C LioMitt E. Lon. 4—55 U ^N.Lat.4s— so. f/ . I '■ » r I BtMMJtU .— — — J (. f wrx. 1 rCUrmmt { 1st. FIOMT r ] Bourbon Artiiiant PROVENCE is divided into the follewing Dioeefes, Subdivifions. Chief Towns. 'Aix, E. Lon. 5 — aj. N. Lat. 43-30. Riez "] Seitex Vin the Middle of Pnvncu DigHI J y/riir/ on the Rhtm, Mar/tilUt^ ThouloH Von the Set. Frrjiu J Glanthve J SlJitlliH rjix ^ — Riez SeHtz — — Digne Arl, Mar/tillts — . ThotJtm — Frejki — Gratt — — Plocefcs of<' ytnci I GUmde'V* — Sifi^rtn — - Forcalquir — ytHatjfin — Attrptnirat . 4/ horca |n. w. ^*^^''" } Subjea to thr Pope Aatftnttat J Or«»rgr on the Jfi6,«/, now fubjcA to Port To-vng, ///»ri and jtmihtt on the Sea. IHands, Per^iar$Utj, P»r:tr$t, Lfvam, St. HtMet^t^ and St. Miirg»r«t» LAN- FRANCE LANGUEDOC is dhidtd into theUpperm tbeWefi^ mid the Lower on the Eafi, Subdivifibm. Chief Towns. "TbculoftM — The Upper in- j Jlbigtois to 6ve Parts The Lower in- to four Parts Foix RcufftHan ^Lauragait CNarbcnnt Besatn — Ni/mti — riictduf/i, E. Lon. I N. Lat. 43-40. 1-5. i f Givuudan Cevtnnet < Vivarodt .C0Bt:iinin|; { Vehy \Alby > Toix Ptrfignan Lauragaif T rNarbmm I Btzieri j Ni/mtj, Montptlitr. (\MenJe I Vi'viert ^Puj. J GUIENNEis divided into eight Provinces^ four Souths and four North, Sonth Cuienne tontains North Guinnt contains Sabdivifions. {Guienne Proper — BazaJeis jlgemit t^tvtrgwe C SoMloigH \ Perigort J Limojin II Chief Towns. BourJtamx, W. Lon. 40 N. Lat. 44-50. Ba»0f Agen Rhodes, Saintti Per/guex Limogtj Cahors. M. G A SCO NT is divided into three Parts, i. TbaS North of the Adour-y 2. that upon the Adour •, and, 3. that South of the Adour. Subdividons. r Armagnac —— Chief Towns. Gafcony \ I'ElanJt, the AJoHf CAugh, or Amxy E. Lon. i— 20« North of < ji^^^, tour I Conttomots [^Gaure Lafe 43-40. J D'A(f'j, or Dmx. ^ Alhtrt Condum yerJM. {Labour, Qf Ba/^urt Gnfcony Proper — Efie Itrac ^Ccminges — Subdivifiooa. T K A SubdivifioM JhcmtK Nmvarrt Stmlt Beam Big^ Con/irmu " N C E. Chief Townf. 7f DAUPtilTfE may bt divided into North and South. Sabdivifions Chief Towns. ' Fttmnist^ between ") ") f ^ Fimnt I North I Dauphiae \ I South the kbom and > / 1 < on Xhm I/ere J W iRboM , \ ValtMcivnM — '— I I Valence on the Rbotie C. GrifavmHJan ■ < J (. Grmei/t on the J/ere. Ci^ufmcu ') fGi^ I Emhrunoii ■ ■ j j Embrun J Dim U Df* Bmii Loi. 4-44. i \DaufhiM \ The Baronies — • j j umu St. Paul Tricajiin — j {St. Paul BriatKOiuit -i J [^Briafic*». [pURGUNDT is divided into tke Butchy and County of Burgundy. Subdiviiions "D'jOHOit ■■ Dutchy of BurgusJy AatmmoH - ' • • Cbulmtit — J As. J - - — ' Auxerv^ii -—-—^ Charoioi « Brituhv.-t > U The MounUiat -J County of Burgwntif or ■< frantht Ctmpte I . Bailiage of Dele 2.BaiIiage ofJ/nmt 3 . Balli'je of Aval BreO, Bu^ty Gcx Dcmhn I'roprr — MontbtlUarti- ■ Chirf Towns. fDijen, E. Lon. 5—4. AutUH Chalons on the Soate Stmur Auxerre Charelltt Stmur Macon (Ibaiilhn. " ( Oo'eJL. Lon. 5-25. < N. Lat. 47--10 t Befanco \ I'tfoul \ Sulint I' (St. aauae Ttvurvh '^clUy Gix 'Tit'Vf>UX M'ni.'.i'li.vv', ' . Duke 01 ft".- the on. FRANCE, * LOR RAIN is divided into the Butcby of Lorrain Proper on the Soutky and the Dutchy of Bar-Ie-Duc, on the North. Dutchy of LorrainFTO' per Siibdivj/ions. I Kaney . 'Vauge Dutchy Bar-U-Duc of •2 I Vaudrtvangt ~- '\ Bar-k-Dm', — — St. Michael — »- Poinamoujim — < Clermont Mett — X Chief Towns. NnHcyt E« Lon. 6. N. Lat. 48-44. Mireeomrt Vmulreiimttt Smrlust and Sarltruat 'Bmr^-Dmct E. Lon. 5-15. N. Lat. 4S-40. MicM on the Abr^ Fontammfut on the jlf«. Clermnt Weft ^2 JontheWA Verdtat on the il/«^. ALSACE is divided into the Nfirth^ and Upper Alfacc an 6unrgow. Lorver Alface m /i^ /^; Souths eittd tht Subdlvifiont. Lower Af/tut Upper jtf/att In the Suntgotv MouHtaim.')^ I. The ■ Pycuffi, wliicli diviii.' LertaiH from JI.ig,iii,.\! ftrtr^e Ccm/'fr from o ><.■ Lin9>itJn\ ai'l 6. 'U- A* -yr i.j I. Thr A. J-; joined b), z Tho from Lungtmdn, fillis i J 1 Chief Towns. Strasburo, E. Lon. 7—35. N. Lat. 48-38. Hagenem Fort Leiuis I It'aJJinburg LanUau, r Coi'mur J SchUffiat II MuHjitr ") f Pftt or Fo* 'tie [ ; Mulbau/tH J V Ifuiiniii^tn. ilpsf w' ich divide Frame from //« V. 2. The F.-anct from 5/rf//*. 3. I'augt, wh'ch divide* and /Jlji:ic, 4. Mount Jura, which diviilr* tzflttnti. 5. The (Vventfi in the Province of // f)o in the Provence of Jut/ergne. •em, which riici in ^ti'itxeriand, and at Lyofit Sui! the ^Icdiltrrasuan beIo>v ^»/fi, receiving I the FRANCE. 77 the Rivers Iftrt ami Dmtwmm in ib Pailage. 3. Cmrnatj which riic* in the Pyrtnutf rant N. W. and fells into the Bay of Bi/eof below BuirJumx, receiying the Riven Ut and DtrJmmt. 4. Charamt*, which rifes in Limfi*, and fanning Weftward. falls into the Bay of Bijity towards Rtthftrt. C. Lmrt^ which, rifing in the Ctvtmm, runs N. and afterwards W. by Orleans falling into the Bay of Bij€4y below JV«*/s, receiving ii its Pafliige the jllltr i the Cbtri the fiennei the Little Loire i the 5tfr«, and ihe /tfoyram, 6. Styiie, which rifei in Burgumfy, and runo N. W. hy Paris and /of CdA/ J if'^/jTw in I'lCARor, now aimoft choaked up. The Fori of Diefipf in N^^HMANDY. The Ports of Havre de-Grace, Hem- feur, and Hatjitw, at tlie Mouth of the Scynt, and the Capital Towa and Tort ot Ro'vcn, hit^her up the fame River. The Ports of Cmh, Bayeux, Cherbfrg, Coutame .'ind Avrances, with the Capet o( Bsr^ fieur and la Ihgue, are in the fame Province. The Harbours or Bays of St. Malo, Britux, Treguer, MerUux, Breji, Anditrn, Port L'Oncn!, Port Louii, t''anncs and NantK in BaFTANr. The Fort of Rrildti in Au:;i?, Bcurd.aux and Bayemie in Gwx- INNB and Gascon V. The Ports or Bavs of Narhmtf and Brjpert in Lancucdoc; and the Fcits of Mar/tiles, Toulon and Antilet in PROVt.vcr. Air.^ The Ar of France is temperate, i>either fo cold as the King* doms of tlte North, nor fo iict .1* o/<««and lialy. Sc:l anil P'cduir.] It produrr-; excellent Corn, Wine and Oil, and every Thinj^ almnit defira'oie in Life ; but they have neither fuch Pitiity of Corn, or pood Pallurr, a« we have, the Summcf Heats m man/ Place's burning vp the tirais and ni«king the Fields took like a f^nd/ Dcf-irt : but lUen th:y ai. .>ii('id m I'ruit which has * invfe delJ<;iou, Mavour thar oirs. The Soath of Frcnie about Miniptlttr Nl >« P R A U C t. Moioftliir has the Reputation of being the moft healthy Air in Ed^ reffn Gentlemen from every Natiea rabrting thither, wlicn dieyfind themielves in^fpo&d. Jamais.] Their Animals are thie (aihe with oiin, except Wolvijfs and Chamois Goats on their Mountains ; but neither their Horfes or Neat Cattle are fo large or fi> ierviceable. Mam^a^MruJ] Their principal Manufa£Htres are Lawhi laast Cambric, Tapeftry, \Voollen and Silk Manufactures, Velvets, Bro< cades, Alamodcs, Leather, Hard Ware, viz. Gnai&(^ of Rbtimt, «m1 thr Bifliops oi Lmgrts and Laoni the other three Ecdefiattics. wciv Coants, viz. the Bifliop of Beattvais, the Bifliop of C/uJot, and the Biihop of Neyent, The three Lay-Dukes were the Duke of Bmr- gtaufyt The Duke of Normani^t and the Duke of Guienne ; and the three Counts were thofe of Chamfaipit Fltaiitrs and Touhufi : The L:^ Peerages have been re-united (b the Crown except Fictdert, which at prefent has another Sovereign; and the'Kings of Francthxn iince created many Dukes, Counts and Peers, without limiting^hem to any certain Number, and theft take Place according as they are r«- gifier'd in Parliament. Knights.] The Knights of the Order of the Holy Ghoft alio afe ranked with the higher Nobility ; as alfo the Governors of Provincce and Lieutenants General. The Three Orders of Knighthood" in Frimct are, the Order of St. Michael, the Order of the Htfy Ghoft, and the Order of St. Ltwif. The Order of St. Michael was inllituted in the Year 1469, by Leviis XI. in Honour of St. Michael the Archangel, and coniitlea of 36 Knights at firil, but has iince been enlarged to 100. It is not edeemed very Honourable ac preient, only it is neceifary a Per- fon (houid be admitted of this Order before he receives tuat of the Holy Ghcft. The Order of the Holy Ghoft was inftituted in 1 578, by H:tiry Ilf. King of France and Poland. This Order is compok'd of ico Pe. Tons, without including the Sovereign, and is conferred on the Princes of the Blood, Peers, and other great" Men of the firft Quality. The Order of St. Lewuis was inftituted in tlie Year 4693, by Lenvit XIV. and was dc/igned purely for the Encouragement of the Generuk and Officers of the Army. Forces.] The Forces of France in Time of Peace are abou* zoOiCOO, and in Time of War 400,000, befides a formidable Fleet of Men of VVnr ; they had not lefs than too Ships of the Line in the Reign of L(v.'is XIV, And tlio' their Royal Navy was almoft deftroy- ed in the Inte War, they have vailly encrcafed it finice the Peace of Aix^'a-ChapelU. R •'venues] The ordinary Revenues of the Crown amount to about Ten Millions Sterling, and they arc enlarged at Plcafurc, by railing the Value of the Coin, compounding State-Bills or DL-bcntures, and other aibitrar)' Meafuc-,. Taxes.] The uhial Method of raifing Taxes is by ^tTaillti, or Land -Tax. The Tttillin, whlnh the Nobility are obliged to pay as well as the Commons iionly anoth«T Land-Tax. Br Aids, which wccall Curtoms on Merchandize. By GabpK, u ' .c\\ i' a Tax upon Salt. By :'. L-ipitatinn or PoIl-'r.jx. By the Tenths of Eftatcj and Employments. %f 86 FRANC E. By the Sale of all Offices of Jaftke. By a Tenth, or Free Gift of the Clergy. The Court have lately required the Clergy to give in the full Value of their Eftates, that they mav judee what Proportion their free Gift bears to the Taxes paid by the Laity. Laftly, by Confifcation and Forfeitures. Ptr/ons and Hai/tj.] The Frtnch are of a low Stature, and (lighter Make than fome of their Neighbours, but well-proportioned, nimble and adive : their Complexion indeed is not much admired, bet the Ladies never fail to mend it with Paint. As to their Habits, thev change their Fafluons almoft as often as the Moon changes, in which they are imitated by the Beau Mondt in EnglanJt and therefore they need no Defcription. ♦ Gtmiu and Temper J] They are a gay fprightly people, feldom dejefted by Misfortunes, but ufually preferve their Temper in the loweft Circumflances ; they are however extremely vain, looking on the Nations tound them as little better than Savages. In Courtefy and good Breeding, as it is called, they feem to exceed other Peo- ple, out nothing more is meant by all their Cringes and Flattery, than to recommend theml'elves to the Cfteem of the World. They are Pretty much Strangers to Sincerity and real Friendfhip ; and though no Men fubmit to adverfe Fortune with a better Grace, or 9Sl their Parts in low Life with more Decency, they are intolerably infolent in Profperity, and extremely litigious. The Nation is feldoui at Reft, perpetually invading and infulting their Neighbours, and when they have no Foreign Wars they fall upon one another at Home ; we feldom find a Gentleman without a Law-Suit ; and they were perpetually engaged in Duels, as well as Law-Suits, until Le-wisXW. put a Stop to that barbarous Cullom. Their Women enjoy great Freedoms here ; the Men are feldom tormented with Jcaloufy, but on the contrary, introduce their Wives into all Companies, and are proud of feeing them admired and courted ; but if their Women make a tolerable Figure when they are dreffed and Abroad, they cannot be too much commended for their Modefty or Clcanlinrfs at Home. Bafhfulnefs is eileemed a moft unpardonable Fault among the French Ladies. DixMr/ions.'] The ufual Divcrfions of the French are cither Plays, Gaming-, Walking, or takinq; the Air in Coaches. They have two Kinds of Play Houfcs, one for Opera's, and another for Comedies. They are given to gaming; but Games of neer Harards are pro- hibited. Great Part of the Time of People of Quality is taken up in vifiting in their Coaches : In the Evcninj? they take the Air in the Courfe, which confifis of three plcafant Walks of Trees along the B.inks of the River Seine. Thofc who have a Mind to take the Air further out of Town, drive to the Rais df Uotogne or the Bon de Vlnetntfi ; and as Pai s is of a round Form, it is but a little Way to the Fields from any Part of the Town. About Kijrht or Ninco'Clock in the Evcninc: moft of the Co.iche-! return to the Gate of the Tuillerin, where tlie Company liglit and walk in tie hue Gardens of that Palace. 'Ih- r R 4 ^ € n. $t The /Vrw^ Nol>fljty and GtBttv, orNobldi^ ^aip 10 I>iocr, Feah veifion,. A^OM tW i^on tide » Foif Chaft at, the ^Ji^i^do. A Frewcb Genuman vfheit he Jbiiott provides himfelf with a heavv Paif of Jack Jiobn, a huge War Saddle, and a oitonttrOBs Curb Bridle, a« if hi wju to cbaive an finemy rather than ride after a timeroas Harv or biber i bot ^efc Gentlemen go out rather to fee ^e Game kiUvC than haiitii^d ; This is the Bulineu oi^ the Haotfinen, who call thet^ 16^4 to fi^thi^ dame dedroyed,. wlien ^ey have ()rought it into the Td^, ofamtt tliehi to pr6per6ta|io'iu where they may take a View of the Chafe now and then, '.-ja"-^ jMti^u\i(^tyta^ C$irie]Stiei!\ ' T^ ffioft remarkable Curiofities iq traiice are a Triuinpbal ArcH ^oift entire »t Oraiigti another a| Rhtims I ani' AmpBitheatre at Ni/fiift almoft entire, and a mi^ifi-, cenf<£ridgc twelve Miles from thence, confifttng of three Stories of * Arches jabbye one juiodier, the lad of virhitH was an Aquedoftt Theri^ is alifo 9 Temple cS Dimdf flill rirnuuninff near A{^/a Tliere are the Remains of i^0w«« Aqueda£b in feveral Partt of Framcft and ti Romtm Obeliflc of Granate at ^rUt in Prowmn, fs, Feet high a(hd feven Diameter at the We, all of one Stone. The Royal Canat, or Canal of Lang/uJoe, which preferves the Conunii* nication between the Ocean tini Me^tfiraneaii, t^ing loo Miles ia Length, is one of the greateft Works of this Age, wfun and fini/h-. (^d by Lewuit XIV. earned over the MountS[ins and Valies, and %fn through a Mountain in one Plaoe. The Palace of Fer/ailetwtM another of the Works of Lewis XlV. edeemed the moft beautiful and magnificent Palace in Mu^pfet and the Places Or Squares in Fart/f uniformly built of hewn ^one, ma^ well be reckoned amongt the Curiofities of France. Take the whole City of Pant together, it is ore of the grandeflf and raoft beautiful Chios m Eunfe : We' no where lAeelt with fuch a ^lumber of Noblemen's Palace.% elegantiy< built, among which that of tixmbourg Is ufually edeemed the fined. This Cify is about fifteen Miles in Circumference, and contains up- wards of ilx hundered thoufand People. Language.^ The Language of t ranee is a mixture of Laiin and Hig1l> Dutcbt or German (the lafl of which was introduced by the Franks) but the Latin flill prevails mod. It has been very much im.. proved and refined by the Academy at Paris of late Years, and is fpoke in mod of the Courts in Europe. The Lord's Prayer in French is as follows : Kofir* Pire mti es an del, ton nem/eit/aniiifici ten regne vienne^ la voltinte foit fait Jnr le terre cenuae dans le cieli dtnne nous et Vavenir chaque jmr nofre fain ; pardonnes ntus nos effences commt ntnt pnrdonnet a ctenx fni neus ont offentet ; tu nous mets pas dans la lentation, mats de- Ifverex nous dn mal ; puisne le regne, la puij/ance, Clf la gltrie tafparten- ntnt pour jamais. Amen. Re/rgien.] The EHabliflied Religion is Pepery, fmce the Prett/- fonts have been fuppreflird, as they were in 1684; but thry nevern^ would admit the Inquifition here : And the Pope's Supremacy was rejeded until the prefent Reign ; but according to the Conflitution Vnigrnitust the Pope's Supremae^r fcems now to be edabltihcd, and ¥ every ti F R A N C E. every Ecdefiaftk b obllj^cil to fnbfcribe that Conftitotiott ; thoiogfa every Parliainent oppoied thi' Meafure with great Warmth, as weU ai die Cicrgv. At piefent their Pridb rcfafe to adminlfttr t^e Sacra- tnent to tnofe that do not fubicribe thp Conftitntion Vnfginiiust which advancei the Pope's Power above that of the Crown, and the King ta)w« the Part of the Frirfts againft his own Prerogative, which the feveral Parliaments of the Kingdom addreffine his Majefty agdnft, the Parliament of Ptnris hath been banifhed, and it is expelled this will occafion a Breach between the Clergy and Laity, and may prodoie a Reformation of Religion in that Kingdom. The Number of People in Fraate^ before the PeH 14. Avignm. M»^f^H. 18. Or«i{f». w!ft«i&/iMi] Befides thefe, iTeveral Academies txt er^ted. as A* Academy FrMfut ; tke Royal Academy of Sciences j and Academy for Painting and Sculpture ; another for ArchiteAnre ; and the Of' Mm whete all Mechanic Arts are exercifed and improved. Cofivtiitt.] Thev compute there are about 750 great CojiTenvi of Mbnks, and zoc ^uns in Fraiteit and about io.oeo otoer lefl^ Convents. That t re in all upwards of aoc.ooo Monks and Nuns in the Kio^, -, and that the Revenues of the Clergy aii4 Religious Houfes ot all Kinds, amount to Twenty-fix MilUoniStcrl- ine per Ammm. FRENCH Gold Coins. /. The old Louis iPOr of France is valued at ■ The Half and Qj^arter in Proportion. The new Leuis d'Or, or Guinea —— •— — 1 The Half and Quarter in Proportion. /^f Arc ff Silver Coins. The old Ecu of France, being 60 Sols Toumeu — o The new Ecu, being 5 Livres, or 100 Sols — — > o ^ The Half and Quarter in Proportion : They have alfo Pieces of 3— | and five Sols, an3 a Liard, the 4th Part of a Sol. Accounts are kept in Franee by Livres, Sols and Deniers 1 I Livre is 20 Sols, and 1 Sol 12 Deniers; bpt by late Arrets their JUvrea are reduced to half the Value. Revolutions and memorabk Evenls^ TRANS ALPINE QftJt now denominated Franee, was probably peopled from Italy, which adjoins to it on the Eaft. The fiift remaikable Revolution that we read of hele, was theCon- queft of this Country by the Rtmans, under the ConduA <^ Julint Cafar, about forty-eight Years before Cbriji. He foiud it divided into abundance of petty Kingdoms and States, whom he attcked fepa- rately, and thereby made an eafy Conqueft of the Whole ; and had they been united, the ^««M»iwere ld thdrtLaadt by MiliU7 Tcnurei : Wit alttf tfib'Mi^rM G^, tteir ftiBoHim •It dr^Oiibibir/Uey #^ rcdoeid to'a^StiMB^or $ihri a* well ai IM Stale, of a Kingi however he reftm the J^obSity aad Clmr> thair ancient lUght* and Privi)eMi,o« their agreeing to conWm hM^nraatioa, and fetStig a£de the ill ^ace of their XiMs. He alfii divided the Praviacee am^Migi hk principal NobilUv. allov^ Aem t« exircifr Soveteigr. Anthority in tMf mfpetf ve Go- Mmmentf, nnlUthey at length aifiuBfld an .ladepcftdMqp, (as the CrmMMPriacet do at thii Day) onhr acknowledging theKhig their Hn^t which wii the Rift of thoft nomerouPrinapalitiet, and of f.:A % Jl'it-i 4' C^Oe whole ^ouDOy, and. UUfii^ mfMM ' .ip.ykkT .op. iWF«^;jf*^i?* Dttt . Afli Ymt aoiv on Q w dimwi JM tl^,^A Ku(g.'t Dft^ttf, ht «»M {Maided of, l^iftA ficntuuied So«imii«; of J^'Mt^l tM/y^^^M7^wheaiSMCS^ *W>»f >lHftWi%.Tw»W» ii^lbegw a BewLin^ of MoMicka lio^g;: SF^^SpJwiii^Olrderft.of tUFote afriti* TiM* imicio £)^*.with nany ;of thai* Si^ R Wari» atJucgr were called, ii whkit ■» ^,MdJtho«gk> thejr too|c Jukckt JtnlJIi- \ Fboci ia PtUjIim, mtf ki thea w tltie^yeSaii^ of Jlwm, :«« -ttfan KOUb .(ia J^^J and it coft ilMok ak iVmtA .,kK Yx.iA' ..... I . .■■..' '- i 'j t^feA^iMA iiiio, dUUji in Ibr &ae lUfgflL -— i. *^ -c.... p . JilI«Wl8»*d ^n Bmit^m^ H«iie» die MS r^fbc mjen, this SUeghtir ia gpamirjrddlcd dbe^nVIrM V^ The XiagdlMn of Ntnmm was added to the Cfovmef Awer# i4 dbe ycsr ja8s, by the Marriagr of PbiUf IV. with Jim Q)(iea of .TheC9imM«,or tl|« OpgrtntaCBtier^ifcd a confiderable iUio. la^ifi AJi^iilgpKfbr theQWvgy aadNohilky lefidbg to gnat tMKif|K^a9^Uis,fi|r tl^lWiri. hn finB^j^oaedihe DepMes or 1U» prei^tMhrn er ne Commons lu'Pariiamcnt, and coantulid theM '• Thiid IMafe.oa ^theif Qcwiing what he waaied* 4ad .thf P<^ havin* eoatftaadtid the Clefgy lo gnmt him m Money* he wpcqred a Fnmb Cardinal to be ckfiledoa Ae Death of th« Kme, who rem^^ the See from Xewto A^tigam ia fnaw#wheit it ffliitMWitfl 70 Veara* la this Rdga alfi> the Otdcr of Kmthtt Tit^krt was abolUbed ^ F ^ 4 if c s. \$i T^tmtt, and k the KiibdoUt of Sinf** Atm ijis. Tldk |b%lMwmaiii3Mirfltatl^4if*4n^; ai he ii at thfi pPX> 4 AfaiwrtfIH.1^ ofSarlimdt daidiioglhcfOrown of /Vf«K» it dc- i^nded ia Ji duca line bvm PMi/ Wi mvadcd tUt Kiandofl. ai|d obtained a dcdfire ViOory at Cn^ kkPuMt/i, Jbm tt40,"aMl' tlf next Year ipfdi£iiiiMrA,KiBgy pad hh Son JPii«4^ faroaght PriioBtfi to tMgUaut. Qhmhq VL the ^nurJKing^nbeiiig feitcdwidiaKimlpf Pren^, and anfit to goTem theDulces of Bgrgiaufy a^d Qr^Snav <^tondca »4br. the AdminiAcation ; and the Qgarrel gtew fo'thai H^jtl^U that * thcpqjcs of JB^Sff^ cuiicd the Dukt of OrAwa^ to"!^ aiBlfliiated in the Stteeti of >«-»« which bid the Foundation of pi Civil War ia dtat Kingdom. ' i/-^''^' ' MemfV. JSiia§ cf SMgUmd, invading IVinarr about Aefiine'TliPef aad olMaiaiaga^iAoty at jfanmir/, in j^m, 4mi§.%At$r d>e trmi fropShi * Reconciliation betvvcen the Dqke of JTar^M^ •ad d^FM^ of Priiteaf} aad a CWeienoe wfu wdd between die yoong Daka ttS-Orlumt and the Dnke of "^wfmJjf, to aoooaK>< 4at«lfatieta.s >ai at a lecoad Conference, the IXMfhia %xd the Daica of Qr/iofw caafed the Duke of Bmrgimif to M fBanheied : WharfNipon ^ yoMig Duke of Bmfmmfy and ueQneen Jo|ncd the Ax4l^^-^'^ vwdc, AflMbnce King\CfrM7 ntade'inmoft^an entire Conqucft of Tra»ti. And holding aP«rli|ment WtFsriti thelLing «f JEMiM/nan oonititiitcd Regeat of Frtmt, d^rlBg the Life of tl>^ frm^^9g Chmiu VI. declared lucceflbr to thatiCrowti, aad af ihe fiune Time married the Princeia ISariMrraf , the fttneb King's ter* Cbmtkt the Dauphin being exdodad die Saipceikin. But Hmyifknp aad leaviag an IntaatSon bthwd hiai. Onlthi Af Idn qudad unfrlf ip be prodaiaMd King, and l o cowifd all the CMntriet theJMi^ had poMkd ihiatfclves of; thb^gh the lafrat King Htmy VI. had been proclaimed and crowped Kin^ cS.frsau iai ;. CMbVUli daarxed the Duichy of Mnfrngut to dir Crown of ff/mce, oy marrying the Heirer* of that Dutcl^y, jhm i a(| i . ' - ,7he frviiri^ kav« dftcn invaded ttm^, utd a* oftfn beeb ^Ibhn- pate in their Wai< tai that Side. Kiag Frtmeis I. was taken 'Prilbnet «l |)tt Battlr.of Pmim by thp Unpcrialiift*» and catfied ioio Sftihi, frmmte was dldraAcd with Civil Wars about the Year,! c6o,fbine Jbpcippehments having been made bjr the Court on the Righti pad liberties ff dM Stibjcftt and a PcrAcHtioo was alio t«iied ^gaiaft tika Prtt^tnit, who took the Part of the Patrioto or Male- Motets ) and an infiduoui Peace being made wt|h them, many y ' '. . ' ■ * ' Thoufimd^ F R 4 Ni C It «o£e>A: MM thac hM wMT flf ilM KiogdAow ^*M i|7^^ " Prince being the Jaft of dMfiMirfb^ 4ttaitlUI*3oiKWi«. afay W. O5 of i«^^ ^^ ^ ^ thovlUl^dMnged Ins %Maa> t» ianttitte kiaMfwItti kiifiib. jiasT vec^hanBrpdM tlw E«ft jof JKLtv At tlir1>ikhNiMi of tiw jB^«^b«», life JVM aflAiiteiijrmteJeM/iUiir aPHar, iadicStraelt of Ptrii, Anm 1610, - '' ' ■ ' UMiXOi. a Minor of aiaeYcan of Age roonbHaf 1 Us Mo- ther, Mmy orOtdidi, ivat dtelatfcd Regeec^ Wto caadaaai «a iavada iIm libertkaof the Sobjaa, aad levitcd t|p agaiaft the Prmjtmtti which oocafioaad aaodier -Civfl Qadiaal JUfiUU hebg iatrodooid lato thi Mfadfliy ii|i »\ j| g| = Tkie^ ciAer I17 iupi4 fi^ XIV. thcreopoin auurried the ^Idcft tnAAta «f S/sim. " ' ; . ^ K The Frmi \nyM tha Vmud Kttiirbimb, Aim 'Bfi» aad ic^, doced thaeePtoiria^, £rii»A XlV. keeptag his Coutt^lawAra ^hlola YMr It UyrnWt' bat fetSred from thence in i6;3, oil dia Gtnmt , mardriag fp'iittt MUknee of A'e Dtithi: Howeverih ityh't At fUmtk^took the Goanty 6f finrguidf- Md the Towm t^fMcitmiti Ctmirmf, aad }>r» in th« Mr^AM//. from the 9/il/i*''t5«^- S, sale. leii'liMfcliMiHlaM^ e!|ffoj|miheriqKMitte^ - •> iIlbiaia»iiii;ofcri^4^ii^tol>li l^iymmil^iM ;«nyJM4Milf»ItettlKMttier. " ' nit* u^ a':, ' [. iiTSf'-t! ana i^jlfe^ H CbfT**^ 'it J*" I" - t • * . .u i Gitnd DIvifitef* 'Atto- f.,.' mam O) iKj en i , 1 ,1 i«,IKKtt Mtd> the t kblHilH Oittnf ?y , *f " •^ r\B. V *4rjt%m 'JUiktt^^ dJ ^mi ^^ >e -^ T rm XV K > o' •« /«0«M*' ^ »i4 rr-A»«ar»» r^ff\% J^^^Miumm . '^T hkim • ^v. r .^fl^T- E i^ »• / %- .-^1 c w ««• :».v^ &xjrox CORSI< X T 5^ 8ASJI £4: A A X X. A li I^tHtOr,, '^SMHHI^M^^' ::j^^^''^^ r icjci KS!Siit». *■ ^ ^ ^:i ^ ^ ^># Mr. n l!^*?K!^^ ^ < ivrmxT .■«:^ r/^ ••X \N '^' '♦>, .A XEA N JWmt i%S r^ p#n4> »Jt S Z C X Xi 7 tikdm cm S^l ■»-'te w, 1 ami'mmil «M|H_. cteTMM. Jea^t* the KiMH ^ .(« I»u.--) :y ':mCI av/oi 6.*: ' '•PiS? i^'i'^'i'■y ,v.h%^jkI.. .; X*7 - c ■ hh N. Lib 45. * Sabjca tftv tlw V I Bfifim . i JlPkmi Sttbdiyifioofc -!^1 V ^., '1^ 1^ ,8.TffO TH^ i'MI \ Weil J#; ter. J •;f,.i «^; FiMimigl$m,Ttr. .t 4^ K / .na.I.3.v.-l'] r -iD'ii itt own Duke V ^vTfMr*** Gf«M, E. Loo. 9a»j. ^^fflWj (■"• ;'; it'* ikii :^ ^ '/m> fnfcjcft toflie ing of 5«r4Suni WUU0 MfmJU ii«nM» B; LMi; h. jN.Lat 44-45 ItlattHtia ifydaut^hon. i i-zoi. 1 N. Lat. 44-45. Mhgh Morjitlla ,%f«^.ftl9iA4oihe > J Prince oi Parma * ^ppJIigUme - r • r J • •cr • .^ to ilwlritf, except J dvotfii/b, D, . eb,/f«^ c«de4to i; n - :J . , f^Wjiif*. D. .'j.ViK/Iwrw, E. Lon. 13. J L ^ ." ;N. Lat 45-40. i /J k.'. ;■ 46 Berg, Crtma FiccHxa Rovift AjuiUia UJina Cahft dt Iftr't^^ '-.■ A Iflandt ih and aefr theOitlpji of fV«Al/) ib^M^, ^M./m^, ^^, 1^ £«*|a, Brat^t %<«•> Cur^ild, <:*fbdtHia,'lOetfH,i:tmit la ;.>^il Sttbdivifions. »3- \i'\\ ;a/. ,-:i '1 >•* **. 1^^ 1 c < % t ciiirT H ifirilirAAi t^.'.'iV5»^^■ S "-.•■f » i.t''*Siiv its 'fhnm, B.IM. U-re Tf riitorici of #V«V«t #^Ul>t km ^ jUrUnit or Q«)pb of Kmct, by feveral QkaoMtMf vA i«Kei»ti|f « in C4wletlMt«oJi*rr4'4» M St^r^h SfJIht T^gm* Q<*«hh 'Mfib ^gi^^ Mimi^ OK Uif Kortk ; utA tW ?4iayimf fv«Ar4» f«>iv, ^J^» atA jPwmi, oiitbP$MtI|. t. The #W, which riica in th« 4fn* «l4 r«iimi« Soqth titti hM the JJlftJUtrrmatMf below AVm or l(izx*. ' 3. The iinrx'' y^><^b rifes inTirof, afd rvMSootl^by theQtyof 7Vm/» aiid turninj^aft at ytronot ^lU into the Cutpojof yvdc^. L The Tmrtiakftiu'aA 5. The Fiava; apd A-^^ Brtntax «)| which, rifing m the i/(|^/t I'un 3. ^. throii^h ^the Te^torkt 0/ ^tm^ aiod faUintb theGubh'of ^r/u». 7. The Armtf wfi2c1\ rilVs in the AMenint MountaiQSt niai We(^ through ^Hjcauyt pfdKng by FUremt, and fa^i ii)to the MfMt^fn^fm S(. The'^K^VfiTj thQ SoQthern Boundary oC the an^nt Qijulfim Canh which ri<^ in the jlpftniHc, and running £. fallt into the («v(|li, of Ftidct near Rimim, f' ), TheTV^, which fifes In the Affttunt^ and runs S. W. by Rtm\ ing into the Mtditirrant»n Sea at Ofiia^ receives in its Coiir6 tht Chiami, 7imi and Tivtrtnt. \o* The fiyCrifM. which rifing in the jfyfnHHt nw W. t])i|Qig1i the North Part of the Kingdom of AVy/ii. and falls int« th^ j#«3»- tirrtmtm below Cn/H*^. ii. The (/^rr rifei in tbe^jpo ud mat through ^tpv^f H(to the J?^?M-. hi* 9i . t t A L t. Mm* G»k^i ^ Btft, Gmw, Prmmtanu and Stmitj.l the Sets fffAj^v** tlMGalplu0r>>4Sri ^*P* ^ Sur^fir, Cat/tib, The(»dM» ^ Ufffi»lh Mdmaut PJ/rm, MnMrm, ^aai/i, and CkM^S Cane f«rt, MrAnaet, OrAnd^r, G«&, Trt^fMtt, Fafir§,tad The Bayi of Arr* Ftrsht and P«rf« iMMiM b' the Ifland of Miku APt.X Ttie Air of Itah U vtrf different, according to the difbent Siltaatibns of the ftreral Coantries it is conpofed of: The Northern Parts which lie npon die J^ are cold, and covered with Snow in WhMt t The tf ins of the Afpn^m alio, which ran alnM>ft the whole Lt^th of htijt are obldenoogh. The Comitrie< on the North of the Jffimm are temperate ; thoie on the Sooth are very warm. The Cmftuu* of Ham ii anhealthful, and to is the Firr»tfi, oocaiionod by Bogs and ftagnant Waters. In other Parts the Air is genendly pure and dry i and thongh Ntnim» are covered in Winter, but on the South Side they have no Need of it. There h not fuch Plenty of Com as in (bme other Conntriei, but generally enoi^ for the pident Inhabitants, who are not fo numerous as in the Time of the RtmaiUt when the Seat of die Empire wu fixed here. The Country produces excellent Silk In Abundance, aiid, their Manufaftures of Gold and Silver Stafi, Brocades,, and Velvets, are efleemed the beft in Sttr^t which onr Merchanu bring chiefly from thoTe noted Ports of Gmmm, leghtn, and Fernet ; we import alio from hence the fineft Marble and Alabailcr. jMimsilt.] The iame as in Fremte, Ftrjmi Gmm emi fMitt.] As to the Peribns of the Itatitnit they are getorallv well-proportioned, and if their Complexions are not the beft, the women fay thev only dcftre good Features, they \uk ■take their Complexion what they pleaic. I look npon an UtliM fphEhtly w the Frmk, aor (b «|^v« avd Alaui u tibmSfamsUt; W k WkaiiAC^M write II AJMdyfbflKtete t6tkiiik they «■. cced both. Ai^i^J. aad^ideGMiimepi wkkh hive beta niKfcr tl» DoaunkNi of the Sfai/iMrdit imiute ^idr t^tfliioiu, wtaHag alwm ttacki nd UttKitif^kifSttyitiATenitBtiti, firhkh lie apon ilii nontien tf ffMiwr ttiejf iflritite the #hMti. ' , « In Archtteaurc, Painting, CwTin^ , fnd Mofic, no Natio» ii& ceedi the *«£«•/ j mMNi gool Voice n fodi a RecoBunea^atMp, dot the poor Wcmica foaBedmcs make Eunuch* of their ChiMroi* thai they aiay retain their Voices, andget Fnbferdieoti ia the great Qhom. The Vice the -ItmliMt are gcnerafly charged with itSodomj* to pre- vent which the Church is not veqr Ariel Iji cooCaiag aMM |o oaa Wonun. But though they haVe ftt^h a Vkriet^ of good ^a^ idhqr 'n€Ytrf feber People, aever fittiog dowa tedtiok inConjiaoy, a» Hm Northern People StogiePwfts of die Ase Pbees ' ' ■. Silm Coins in ITAir, The old ENtcit of fWM — — ■ — — o 3 The new Dncat 1 " ■ . — o i The Docat of A4|^' -i— ^i^ _ o 3 TVeTkifta ' ■ » — » o o The Qarlin or Tenth of a Ducat ■ 1 . . o 9 The TeAon of Xmst, or 3 Jolio^s r '^ o 1 TheDecatof /iS»r/iir«, OrLr^ikrM ■ ' 054 Sardhiia. Kin^t Tifttu\ The King of StrJui$a*$ Titles arc* t^Otr Jmaihut hj theOraoe of God King of SmdimM» Dake of $ttvt/- CMhut, Aaitjtty Gimwitt and Mmtfknat \ Prince of /W* Hum* J^Ut0t Mprta, ajaii Oni^ai Ifarquis td Saitjis and &*i| BUfl or Jtfit CmvUf Met* fuuk, and Rmuiti Biran of fWt £oM bPnnti^ Ftitmrghj BUrrt, PitU» and ATsedZs; Prince and amehuil l^car of the IMy Rtmtm Boipire in tkdf, and King of As the King of Strdbh ii a Member of the Em]Nre, ke hae a Mffibn iH-dieir Drett afB|ondl the Princes of the Ciide of the Upper Ithim an d cou nft wtes lttsQ)iota to a War againft the7«ri/{ bat I do not find he is fubjeft to the Laws and Conftitudons of the fiai- giprinoihar IU^peA% anleft il be, tlKat he reeeleai the Inireflilare' of fufJh Ternwnes aa imm^ ia the Utmfkntt udMUMt/i from the ^Diptsor. itnii.y He ie alwafi obliged to have a good Body of Troops in TJm» or Peace 10 ga i il fc n his Prontier Towns aninft Frmitt Md^theMribapfti bm ht iaet not Atm tobegovcm^ by the O* \Ju 1 r^A X r. mm Pfmdpte of kmkf uf twiqe u aumy Forces jilliii 04 aate."^ tain. It u wit)i KlMBSante that ever he is dnrom into n War ^dim] bf Fmet^ot tt^ Bapire, and ti^ien'he JSntb it wiavoidaUc, %a4 that he moft dccfaue for die oat Party or the other, he takes care to' nalK« an adv^nugeooa Bargain : To ha#e fadi Gum advancnd»^ and llpioM anonaUy paid huD* that he hai litdo Oocafion to biup-i then hii Subje£b with excnuudinaiv Taxes. In 1^ that long aodV terrible War he was engaged in for thirty Year*, jtill the Peace ol XJtrecbtt I qocftion whether Itc paid ten thouiand Men with liis owa' Money. Sa«{^ Kiufbti.'] The only Order of Knighthood in this Prince's'' Domimons is that of the J/numdaJat ordained by Jmodte the Pirft Doke, at which Time he defended Rb$dn agaioft the Tisri/, Jmt 1409. Their Collar i* of fifteen Links, to Qiew the fifteen Myfteries of the Virgin ; at the ^nd is the Portraiture of our Lady, witk^ the Hillory of the Annuntiation. Inftead of a Motto, theie Letters FERT^ii eft, Fmrtiiudo Ejus tthodum TtMuit, are engraven in every Plate or Link of the CoUar » each Link being interwoven onn within the other, in Form of a true Lover's Knot. The Noittber of the Knights arc fourteen befides the Duke, who is the Sovereign of the Order. The Solemnity was held anciently on our Ltu/ytfaj/, in the Caftle of St. P*ter in TVr/Vi ; but of late in the Town of JlmnitHthdet from hence h denominated. Jrm."] Arras of Sawj are G, a Crofs, A. This being the Crofr of St. John of Jeru/altm, whole Knighu at that Time were Owners of Rhodet. Whereas before the Arms were Or* an Eanle dif* played with two lisads Sable : Armed Gules fupporttng in I^fle, an £(cntrheon of Soxmj, that is barwife, fix Pieces SaUe and Or, a Bend flowered Vert. A Coat belonging to the Emperor of th« Houfe of Sajteiff, from whom the £^ft £arls of Sannj did derivt themfelves. Geneva and Genoa Forcet."] The Republics of Gentva and Cmm' are as much infe. ior in Strength to his Sardinian Mjycftyt and as ap> prehenfive of his Defigns againll tiiem, as he is of Framt, or the £m*t peior ; and were they not piobeQcd by theur refpcdive Allies, would oe in Danger of falling under his Power< Geneva Arm."] The Arms of Ctiuva, when under the Command of the Earls thereof, were Or a Crofs Azure. Rewttues rf Sardinia] The ordinary Revenues of this Prince art ufually computed at Five hundred thoufand Pounds Steritng ptr Aniam \ but this feom to be no m.>re than an uncertain Ouefs : However, as he is pofleflbd of fcveral lich and fertile Provinces, they mufl be very conAderable ; and as he is abfolute in his Dominions, he caa augment them at his Plealure. Of Milan.] The con!lant Revenues of the Dutchy of Milam vt computed at Three hundred thouCiind t'ottitds ptr Annum ; and tlte Complement of Fo.ce, for tliii Dutchy are ;ib'jut TA^ty thuuUnd ^4 I r J L r. Urn* ikau^ dicre aie (carce half (b nacnr in aftual Senrkiv ^ OC* ccira Mtting greit Put of die Pav in didr Pockn«» whkk ii afigned fat tbicScrvicet at leaft din Hat the Cde wlule diqr were uaikr dbjDo- aUnioft tf 5/MV «. Gmtw y «i» Genoefe.] . The Gimoe/t are efteemed a eaniihig be. dotrioM Pec^le, and flMre tnored to Hardflup than the rcll^df die/ftf* Bmu, «rhidi was the CharaAer of dieir Ancefbrs, the andent UgmiMi, M the Barrenneft of the Coontiy conttnncs, no Wonder thtt their Manners are the lame ; for nothing makes Mens ^ts (harper than Want. But there may be this farther Reafbn given for their Sagacity and Dexterity in fiufinefi, namely, that all tlicir Nobility and Qmtry aa^ themfelres to Trade, and are better acquainted with the Myfteriea of Over-reaching and Cozening thofe they deal widi, than the Gciuiy (Mother Countries. The Quality in Gtmm are ufually doathed in BfaKk, and wear bo Swords, but urow a Cloak over them when they go oat, notwith- ftanding the Heat of the Country. As for the poorer Sort of ftofile, foch as Labouren, tiufliandmen, (sfr. they fcarce wear any Cloaths'aK 1^1, aor have Occafion for any, the Weather is fo warm. The People of a middle Rank, follow (ome the Sfani/b, and others the Fremh Modes, according as they are afieAed. The Womens Petticoats, who are pleafed with the Sftau/b Faihions, are fluffed out with Fardingals ) while the Men wear broad Hats, long waifted Doublets with hanging Sleeves, and ftrait Breeches, buckling themlclves ap with broad Leather Belts.' Milan St€itti$$ •/ Witt.'] At MilMt and other Towns, are Academies or Qo^ of Wits, who (tile themielves Nafcetth that is. Hidden or Secret. At their public Meetings they entertain each other with Rhc- torical. Moral, or Philofophical Difcourfes, and fometimes with Politics ; for Travellers relate, that there is no Place where the common People enquire into Sute-AflUrs, and entertain one another with Political Re« aurks, more than is diis Country. Traffic in Mantua.] The Town ofMmHtum is a Place of ^ood Trade ; dieir Silk ManoAAure particularly has a great Reputation all over ' Btittpn it is from this City thofe glorious ItalimM Silks called Mmnttim*! take thiir Name, which our Conntrymen find more Difficulty in imi- tating than any other. Tufcany Tr»ffk.] The principal Trade of the City of Fb- meet befides Wine, Oil, Fruits, and other Produce of the Cotintry, coniilh in Wrought Silks, Gold and Silver Stuffs. The Nobflity and Gentry do not diink it beneath them to apply themfelves to Trade I and the late Great Duke was faid to be one of the moft eonfideraUe Merchants in Eurtft : The Gentry fell their own Wine hy Retail oot of Doors, though not in their Houies, and even hang du*^ a broken Fl&flc for a Sign at their Court Gales. Their Cu^ t'>men come no further than the Cellar Window however, where diey taka and return the Flaflu to the BuUcr without diflmbing the Honfei Bcdfor y Do- »t thrir per diA SagMdty 1 Gentry Myllerie* eGcusry wear no notwi*- ►f People, doathi'tt liePeoplo Jie Frtmh :oats, who ^ardingals ; ^ hanging tadLeiuhcr Academies Hidden or with Rhc- Ich Politict ; lon People tlitical iU- [Trade; >n all over iilty in imi* t r A L r. Hoofe} tt dit'ftneTiMihcjrkiokinoBitai to cdocaw their ChUdraa in Che Ptofefion of P! 99 Tn^*] The Dithjeace of But People of the Gtjr of £emt hai given it the Name DSLmem tie htb^hiMu: Their ManuftOerca onfil ehiaAr in Sflk, and Gold and Silver Stni*. The Olives and Oil Modnccd in their Territories ate very arach eftecmed : Thejr havo alio nenty of Wine, but not Coria fofident for their Sabfiftance ; dif fionunon People cat Chefiiuts fiequendy inSead tf Bread, as they do in aany odnr Parts of Jttfy, AmmaU mtiffiaa rf Venice.] The Tem'tOrief of Vemttm at ftntefol as any in It At abounding in exodlent Arable and Paftnre, Vipeyards and Phmtanons of Mulberries. The Road between Vtrmm and FUm is extremdy jdeaiant, being phuited thick, with white Mulbnry-Trees in Souares, which do not only fomiih Food ibrgreat Quantities of Silk-Womu with their Leaves, and lead the Swiae and POaltiy with their Fruit, but ferve as ib many Smw for die Vines, which hai« all along like GarUnds from Tree lo Tnei and, widiin the feveraf Squares are Fields of Com, which in thefe hot Countries ripens much better in the Shade of the Mulberry -Tiees, than if it were expofed to the Sun : On the other hand, it is too cold for their Oranges and Citrons in the Winter, when they are forced to cover them : Wheresis to the Southward of the Jbftmmt they have no Oocafion to ufe fnch Precaudons. There is alio nenqr of Cank of all Rinds in the Fenetimm Territories, which Travellcn oMervey are either Grey or White; but that their Hms are ufnally Uack, and idieir ?lelh much better than in Frmtt or EifgUuid, whin is iup* boied to proceed from thdr Food, living much upon TruAes, (a de- licious Ft nit) die Huflu of the prefled Grapes, CnefiHtts, Molberrics; t^e. The Sheep of the PmImmii afford a good Sort of Wool, litde in- ferior to that of EntltHul ; and there is no where a g|eater Plenty of Filh and Fowl, and all Manner of Game, than in the Terriuiries of Vinitt. DiwrSutt tmd CmJI$m tfVtxAet.'] Concubinage is fo much couate- nanced here, that the Wife eenerally lives in good Correfpondence with , the Partners of her Bed. The Ladies are to indulgent to their Sons, that as fbon as they obferve in any of thon an Inchnation for the Fair Sex, they buvain with fome of their poor Neighboun for one of their Daughters to be his Bedfellow ; whereby they prevent his marrying to DiiadvanUtte, or contrading a nanfeous Diftemper by cohabiting with conunon Women. The Friends and Relations of the Girl, who ii to be the young Gentleman's Miftreft, come frequendy to wi(h her Joy upott the Ocomon, as if fhe was really married to him. They contraft for a Month, a Year, or more, as they can agree. This Cummeroe it taken to be fo litde criminal here, that they icarce ever aendon it in Omfeilion ; and, if they do, the Prieft tells them, he will not be troo^ bled widi fuch Trifles. Thofe who cannot ailbrd to keep a Mifs for their particular Uie, join with two or diree Friends, and have one in O < coBuron too / r A L T. «omaiofi amongft tltem ; there are whole Streets of Wenches who ie« teive ill Comers ; and as the liabits of other People are black and difmal, theft drcis in the gayeft Colours, with their Breafts open, 9CKi their Faces painted, ftanding.by J9ozens at the Doors and Win- ' daws to invite their CuHomers. As to the Wives of Fenite^ if we are to credit Dr. B9tmt,lhtf are b.ed u]p in fo much Ifnorance, and converie fo little, that thev Icnow nodiing but the duH Saperftition of Holy-Days, in which Aey ftay in -the Churches as lo^g as they can, and fo prolong the little Liberty they have of going Ab/oad on. th9fe Days, as Chfldrea do their Hours of Play. Thev are not employed ip Domeftic Af- fiun,* and generally uiirder0and no Sort of Work, but are the infipid- cft Creatu es imaginable ; which does not feem to agree with what other Travellers i elate of the Wit and fprightly Converfation of the Ftnitum Women, vnlefs we are to underftandT it onl^ of conunoa Women, whom the Doftor would perhaps infinuate have engro^d all good Secfir. The married Women do not wait the ufual Forms of MMirdhip, but defcend at once to downright Lewdnefi with their Gallants t the iirft Step with them, without any Preamble or PrjC- parative, is Confummation. Xs to the Entertainmenu and Diverfions of the Men, Mr. Jd£fim obftrves, that tho* they live in a very moift Air, Drinkine is not at •11 in Falhion with them ; nor have they any fuch Amutements as Bowline, Hunting) Walking, Riding, or other Exercife, to employ them without Dobrs. • At the Carnival, a Tiine devoted to Pleafure, the great Diveriion of the Place, as at all other Times of Rejoicing, is Kinqaerading : The Veiutiatitf who are catoally grave, however eive into the Follies and Extra\'a«ucics of fuch Seaibns, di^uiftd In a falfe Perfonage. They are indeed under a Neceffity of finding out Diverfions that may agree with the Nature of the Place, and make Amends for the Lois of feveral Pieafures which may be met with on the Continent. Thefe Difguifes give Occaftun to Abundance of Love- Adventures ; for there is fometning he obfeives more in- triguing in the Amours of - tnictf Uian thofe of other Countries. Opera's are another principal Enrtruinment at this Seafon; but the Poetry of them is generally as bad as their Mufic is exquifitely good. Another Diverfion during the Carnival is Gaming in Places called the RiJotii, which are Apartments in the Ncblemens Houfes, where none but Noblcmeu keep the Bauk ; they difmifs the Game- ilers when they pleule, and always coj[ie dS Winners } There are lifuiUy ten or twelve Chambers on a Floor with Gaming-Tables in them, aud very great Crowds of People; a profound Silence, however, is obferved. and none are admitted without Maflcs : Here ^ou meet Ladies of Pleafure, and married Women of Quality, who, u^der the ProteAiun of a Mafk, enjov all the Diverfions of the Car- nival, but are ufually attended by (ne Huiband, or his Spies : Be- fides thefe Gaming-Rooms, there ore others for Converfation, where Wiur, Limoiiade, and Sweetmeats, are fold : Here the Gen- tlemen are at Libertv to rallv and addrefs the Ladies, but muft take i Care more in< 1 r A I r, iMi Om to keep withia Utf (oaoda of ]?e««qr, or they nuqr «ie«t with a fevtn lUitaitlBiCnt fiem tlie uyored Bulbandr, who too ofttn cp^Ojr Bniffo*9 wABkSRxa toprocare uicm\nceilors. Thele the Fmetiant endeavour to humble and dittret. by all the Ways imagioaUf^ that they may render them incapable to C 3 carry 102 J r A t r. cirryuif on any Dcfiens asainft the Government Thejr'Crrale ndier NoUcflMn with the like llaet, of whofe Fiddi^ tkejr nreie affined, in Older to bilance the Poirer of the andenc Nobili^* and are perpetua l ^ fbneniin| and encooranng dieir private Qgarveli, that th^ atty m diverted from any Pr&dices againft the State. Anodier IHectdPfo^flr }« to diiboontcnance all diat are eminent and remaritable fitrdictr Virtoa of any Kind whatever. A brave Man ii fure to beBkOi*- beatent and'if aPerfim balittle ttOM bo^t^le ordwritaUo diaa lii* Ndghboort, he ia in Danger of the Stato-Jbqnifitlon, lei tkefik' Virtue!, or the Appearance of them* ikoold render huds popular, and* the Government be endangered thereby. But, aoHMig^ dte Libeitiss of ym much as pretend to retire ror Pevcuon ; bnt the l*f obiltty fend their Daughters thither to iave their Eftates, it bdngthe eafieft Pjrovifion they can make for them. Theie, according to Di;. Burmti ait not veiled, neither do they cover their Necks or Breafts, and re- cfive Variety of Company ;~ though he acknowledges that thofe \t0 faw ufed the iame Precautions they do in other Nmneries, and had grates in their Parlours, beyond which their Mide Friends were not Emitted to come. Thev tuked much, he obftrved, loud, and very ungracefully, and allowed themfelves a Liberty in rallying, that other Places cdnld not bear. The Patriarch iiitended to have reflrained'the Liberties of thele Hpufes, and begun with the Nuns of St. Ltnur^iM ; b«t they told him plainly, they were noble Fmrtimtt who had chofeu max Wav of Life as moft convenient for them, bnt would not be fob* ye6t to nis> Regulations ; and, upon his attempting to fliut up dieir Hou^, dtey were about to fet Fire to it : Whereupon the Senate inter- pofed, and required the Pafriarch to defift. « Mr. Adiifim rdates alfo, that the Ftuttian Nuns are famous for their Liberties } that they have Opera's nnthm their Walls, and often go out of their Bounds to meet their Admirers (if they are not mifreprefented) and di^r Loyers con^ yerfe with them daily at the Grate' of their Parlour. Sicily, Kbi£t Titlts mA Jrmt.] The King's Udes are. King of fhe Tiv0 Sialii/, Ice His Arms, Or, four Pellets Gules, between two Flanches Argent, charged with as many Eagles Sable, member'd» beak'd, and crown'd, Azuie. r,jiU t T'jf L r. *» f ^*# jHu.\ Hm Ptopt, as Somdpk «f dw laadi of ite Cbarcb, hmn Mr kit EfilNclMOB Goica, confilBn* of • Ions C^ or Hwrf piccr Or* ftmoamcd tmtk a CM>6 pcwfr aad ganifih'd wiA dk^ E«qnl CcowM, together with the two Xcjrt of St. Aftr plao«4 ipNiier. V«kie iA«f.] Thofe of Fma aie Amn, a Lioa wiofcd, Scjuty ^, hoUioi^ unatft one of hi* Paws a Book onrcr'd, Aigeat. Geoof Jrm.^ Thde of (%iim are, Arcent, a Cn^sGnlei, wtth a Crown dof^, by Reaibn of the Ifland of Ctrfiem bdonging lo it, whkh bean the Title of a Kingdom, and for Sopportcn are tw^ Griffiot, Or. Taicany Kiugits.} The only Order of Knighdiood in tfait Stait is that of St. 'Stipbt», inftttated by Ct/m£ AMttist Jim ic6l» and dedicated to St. SttphtHi becaufe upon the Peftival of St St^iim, Popii and MarQrr, being the 6th of ^wf, he won the fiuaow Bude of MardMt. Pope Pua IV. confirmed it die iame Year, and graaied then) all the Privileget which they of Maita enjoy, conditioned diac thofe of diit Order fliould make a Vow of Charity, of Coi\janl Chaility and Obedience ; they are to be noMy bom, and in lawnd Wedlock'; of the R0imjb Charch, and without Note of Infamy. Th« Robe is of wliite CamUet, with a red Croft en their Left Side, aa wdl dpon their Military Garment, as their wearing Cloaks s btended prfai- apally aeainft the Turit and Mitrs ; for whiA Canfe they fetded Mt at Pijk, being.iiear die Sea ; but after at C^^9lu in the Ifle of Blim, The Number of them is uncertain ; but the Great Duke is the Saprema Matter of it. Other Orders are commonly fimple, but this aixt; hifting pardy AeligKNis, pardy Honorary. jlrm.'] The Arms are,. Or, five Tortenx Golet, two two aad one» and one in Chief, Asure, charged widi three Plowers de Luce, Or. ' Mantua KmghuA The chief Order of Knighdiood in diis Duke* dom is of 7bt MM tftur Ltrd Ji/us Cbriji, instated Jmm i6ol* The Author of it was Duke VUcut G$mutga, when the Marriage was folemniced between his S«i Frtmcii and Lady Margmnt^ Daughter in the Duke of Sawijf. It confiftedi of twenty Knights, whereof the Mut' ttiam Dukes are Sovereigns ; and was allowed bv Pope PmtdW, The Collar hath Threads of Gold laid on Fire, and interwoven with tht Words, D»mini Pnbafti. To the Collar are pendent two Aneds, fttpporting three Drops of Blood, and drcnmicribed with. Vim ijh trifit recept: It took this Name, becaufe in St. Amirrw** Church in Mantum are faid to be kept, as a moft predous Relique, certain Drops of our Saviour's Blood, widi a Piece of the Sponge. Arm.l The Arms of MiMmm are. Argent, a Crofr, Patce Gnlcs, between four Earies, Sable, member'd of the Second, under an Efcutcheon in FiHlif, charged quanerly widi Gules, a Lion Or, and threa Bars Sable. ;^,., G 4 Rtwklliat yoi I 7 A L n Rtvofutiens and memorable Events, IT ALT wts probably firft peopled from Grmt, as it !• feptrtted from it only by the Adrlat'u Galph, or Bay r the Proud, who was depofed A. M. ^518, by his Snbjefb^ on Fietrnce thiit his ^xoL j^exfus h^d committed a Rape on the celebrated I«% €ritia, j_\'J>'. ,^| ' , .,y , ^ ■ , \*',. And noW^the Conl^ittition,^ was* altered from a Monarchy to 9 RjCpubUfc. The Government, was lodged in two ^agifl rates, it^-' nominated Confills, and the Kob^lity; the two firft Confuls. beiog< Brutus and Collatinus the Hudjand of Lucreria. Two of the S6ris of Brutes, entering into a Confpiracy to reftore the antient F6rm of. Government, were condemned to die by their Father. . Tha ne'ghbourinff Powers alfo, especially the Tufcans, cfpoufmg Tarquin*i Quarrel, laid Siege to Rome itfelf, and were vtry near reducing it to the Obedience of Tarjuin a^in; but the Romans, 'tis faid, pur-^ chafed tl»ir. Peace with a Sum of Money of Borftnna, King of Tuftmny, The GttuU invaded the Reman Territories, A. M. 3^566, gained a fignal ViAory, burnt and plundered ^001^, the Garriibfi rettrmg into the Capitol, and were forced to fubmit to very hard Conditions, and purchafe their Peace of the Ganls. The Samnites, fupported by Pyrrbus King of Epirus, invaded the Remans, and defeated them in feveral Battles s but the Samniits were in the End iiibdoed, and the Romans made therofelves Mailers of all the South of Italy, A, M. 3777, being 476 Years after the Building of Rome. The firft foreign War the Romans entered upon was that of Slrify, being called thither by a Parcel of Rebels and Banditti, tvho had feixra on fAiffina, and defended it againft the S^rmnfians and Car- tbaginians, then die |>rinci[-fd Powers in ti)at^|Uai^ v>ho had united '>•=■*] tr A t r: %j (heir Foicn to ftfpreft diis Keft of Robbers; bat the Mmm Craafportiif « Mny into Sicily^ defeated. th« Syrmmfimu and Car- iImmUbw Md OBO^lkd them to raifii the Sicgej tod the Rmmm \fKmm aUMie Pfeaoe with Snmcm/tt took no leA than fifty Citj«« frnai Ao Gmt k tfii u thu in ^M^, and afterwards drove them oat of tiM Iflaadr of Smdhrim and Cmj^m. Then they carried the War into JfHeat bat were defeated there by the united Foices of the Lmm^ duHMimu and Cartbagimmit fifteen thouland of their Men, with .Rig»hu,ihe Confnly being made Priibners, befides many thooianda which fell in the Batde. However the Rtmatu being affifled bf feme of the States of Greeeet with their mited Fleets, defeated that of the CarthagimoHs i and thereupon a Peace was concluded be- tween Rom and Cartage, whereby the Ita/itm Iflands, vise. Skify, Strdhua and Cerfiea, were confirmed to Ram*} which was thcCoii- dufion of the firft Riime War. The Cartbagititaut who had till now been the moft formidable Naval Power m the World, being feDfibiy toiKhed with the De- fboAion of their Fleet, and forefceing that their foreign Trafie rouft fufler extremely, and perhaps their State be ruined, if the Rma$u were not fubdued, aflembled an Army of 100,000 Men and upwards, in Sfah, commanded by - the celebrated- /im»iiiimii whew paffing the Pyrtntam Mountains and the Jlptt entered Itaijt and made It the Scat of War, defeating the Romans, at Canine^ and in feveral other Battles; and had it not been for the Divifions in the Cbundi' at Carthage, would, infallibly have made an entire Conqueft of I/aljf ; but not being fupported as he ought, and the Romaat car* tying the War into j^iea, Hafniidl was recalled, thS to retura untfl the Nobility, who coai po M Ae Senate, coDfentedto their oonilitBting Tribaocs, to proted^ tbo Beopk agaioft the Oppreffiont of the Senate. Thefe Tribones, in « little Tine, infifled on a Right to controul the Senate; eaw rt iwn a Law from them, that the Plebeiam might intermairy with dM No« bility, and chat no Law fliould paft without the Confent of dit Tri^ banet : Thejr even aiTumed an Authority of making Laws th«fiiidvci» and exerciiing a Kind of Sovereign Authority. In their Conten- tions with the Senate, they were frequently countenanced by fome po- pular Nobleman, who ferved his anbitious Views, by dedarmg in their favour. SylUt at the Head of the Senate, and M$riiu, for the Perale, began the firll confide, able domelUc Broils, wherein they proferibea and mur- dered many of the worthieil Citizens in cold Blood, according a» the one or the other met with Succefs. Sylla was made, perpetual DiAator by the Senate, which conferred on him an abfolute unoontroulabla Power, both in Peace and War; which he laid down however when ht haH fuppiefled hi» Enemies, and retiring from public Bttfineii» and died ia Peace. Catmlim, a popular Nobleman, aftei wards entered into a Confpinqr to bverturn the State, and become Sovereign of Rumt which Gitn, then L'onful, boafls that he defeated. The next Shock the Rtmmn State fuftained, was from a Confedcraqr of fome of the g.eateft Men of the Senate, to feixe the Adminiftra* tion of all public Affairs ; thefe were the famed ^m^, Cfg^^ and Ct»fu$t who conilituted the Triumvirate, and, in a Manner, divided rite Empire between them. To Ptmpiy was allotted Suun for his Pro- vince ; to Cajar, tlaul ; and J/ia wa» afiigned to Cra0m% who periihed there in a War againll the Paitblant. Ctc/art on the contrary, re- duced all Trai^alfine (Jaul under the Dominion of the Rtmmu ; while P»mpn remained at Rttpe, committing the Govcrnroeat of Spai» to hit lieutenants. Cte/ar's amazing Surcefs giving P^m^iy and the Senate a Jealouiy of him. when he petitioned for a le^ onU Confutihip, they commanded him to diiband his Army, and appear as a private Perfon at the ElcAicn ; but he, finding himfelf at the Head of the greateft Body of veteran I'roops in the Service of R»m, and being arrived at the higl'trA Pjtch oi Glory and Populaiity by his late Conqueftof G««/and Briiaift, marched dirt'dlly to Rtmt, after he had pafled the RiiiieM, the utnioll Limit* of his Province i- being determined to obtain that by Force, which he knew the Senate would never voluntarily confer upon him The Senate receiving Advice that Cte/hr was advancing towards Rtme with hi» Army, the gieateil Hart of them left Amst, and retired to GrrKt I anil Ctrjidr entered the City without Oppofition, obliging thiit )*:irt of the Senate which lUid theie, to declare him Conful and perpetual Dictator. Qrjnr followed Pem/'ty into Grtta, where he had aflembled a nn- me ous Army, but was defeated a: Pk*r/mli«^ and flyinf^ to Egypt , was there beheaded by King Pttkmy. Whercapon C^t/Wr aflumed a tba I r A L r. lOf ngh e gngk ta O f BuxtnA ^plc, be WW ftabbed u» ttlbpcd Doainkm £x die DoniaioB of. the whole Empife, and thoa{ hf the Senate, had WM the Father of the io dM Seaate-Hodb, befbie he had enjoyed hi* Montha* ' 'Upon hb Death two Parties arofe, one to revenge hu Death, and die odMT to rdbre the Cbmmonwealth : Mart diubtmf and QSmvmt were at die Head of die firft, and Bnaut and Gf|^ of the laft. Bm- tut and C»JI^ bemg defeated and killed at PhiHpfi, Oamtimt, MmrA jfytiMy, and LtfiJuM, formed another Triumvirate, which condnoed to ffovern the State ten Yeari. After which Lifidiu wu bid afide, ana a Mifunderftaading arifing between OBanrint and Amthtm^ thqr had Recoarfe to Arms : Atabmf was defeated in the Sea-nght at ABiim, and fled, with CUopattM Qneen of Ety^, his Miftrefi, to j^- ea I whither being parfiied by OBavitUt both Aathtm and CImfmtrm killed themfelves. But I Ihootd have remembered that, during the laft Triumvinte, a Proicription was agreed on, whereby each c» the Parties ficrificed feme of their beft FHends and the worthieft SenattM* ainong whom was the celebrated Cittn, OBttviut having now no Partner or Rival in the Government, tho froreme Power fell naturally into his Hands. He rejcAed the Title of King however, as well as that of DiAator ; though he aflumed an Authority equal to that of his Uncle JmltMi Cajtr, and is efteemed the Fbnnder of the Remmi Empire. Ctmfimttim removed the deat of the Empire to Cenftmntimopk. It was afterwards divided into two Parts ; the one called the Rowum Em* (lire, the Emperor whereof reiided at Rom ; and the other, the Gn^ turn Empire, the Emperor whereof reAded at Ctmfiantinoptt : Bot hk the fifth Century, the Gttist y*iUm/j, and other Northern Nations, broke into the Rtmam Empire, and diviafed it amon^ them ; the North Part of Itmfy fell at length to the Share of the Ltmimrdtt and X«> •VMM and Naflti were pofllefled by the Grtcim Emperors a confiderable Time after the DeilruAion of the Empire of Romtt of which AuptjJtu was the-laft Sovereisn, Ama Dom. 473. The Ltmbmnit fubduing the Exarchate of Raveima^ and afterwards laying Sirge to Rtmt^ Pepin, King of Franc*, raifed the Siege, and re- ooveitd RmvtmiM from the LomhmrJi ; which, with the Territory about it, he conferred on the Pope, who thereby became a Temporal Prince. The LcmharJt endeavouring to recover Ravumm, Charltmmirnt, the Son of Ptpin, invaded Ltnkmrtfy, took Distier, the laft King, Priibner, and put an End to that Kingdom about the Year 774 : After which he confirmed the Exarchate of Rawtma to the Pope, and added the Marquifate of JnnHa, and the Dutchy of Spchiit, or Umbnm, to the Pope's Territories ; in Return for which Favours, the Pope crowned CharUmfii^nt Zutyttot of die Rwunu, A. D. 800 { and thus a new Em> piie was tounded in the Weft, which comfrehendcd Gtrnumpt Frmmcff hah, and Part of Spain. The Emperors refiding in Gtrmany, divided Italy into fcveral Go- vrriiments, the Governors whereof at length aflumed Soverei^ Pnw rr. And thus a great many fmall Principalities and States were f reded, which ftill piofelfiNl however to acknowledge the Emperor dieir io8 I r A L r, llbif R«til ; tnj many of tfirm proeored Otaats ttom. die C«f m Inipcron to confirm their refpedUve Title*, vdiich they pqrchaied with tnm of Money. The Pope ibr a conftderahlc Tine acknowledged, that h* Mi In Territories of the Emperor, who was lliled the Patfon imm^ De- ftnder of the Church, until the Rei^n of the Emperor ^fairy IV. wAen the Popes, weary of the SubjeAipn to the EmperbrSk who iefufed ibmetimes to confirm their EleAiopi, and at ouers turned iMm out of the Chair, endeavoured to embroil the Enip««tfs> Af« fifrsr in Gemany and Italy t and incited InfurrefUons agsunft them ; amS ^htv. Htnrj IV. aHerted his Right of inveftme Billiopa in their Sees, Pope Gregerf VJI. excommunicated him, an! compelled the Emperor to pait witH that Branch of hi« Prerogative; and at leng;th afEimed an Authority to judge of the Emperors A£Uons aa well as of O^er Princes, receiving Complaints ' from their Snbieds^ reycrfing iheir Decrees, and ff they difputed his Authority, abfoivcd their Sub> jrfb from their Allegiance, depoied them» anid transferred their Do* mnions to otherK Thefe tJfarpatiQns on the Prerogatives of the Emperors oocafioned frequent Wars between the Emperors and Popes, in which the Princes •f mfy were divided, fome fidmg with the Pope, and others with the jfiirperor; and in thefe Struggles procured tieir ladcpendeacy on ci^er to be efiahliflied* fte prefifU State of the Pepe*s Power and Jnfiume, TH E Pope loft great Part of his Power and iKiflvence at the Reformation, but fHII he remains a confiderable Temporal Knee, and is ab^tate in his Dominions. He holds a Coniiilory •f Cardinab on Eccleftaftical Affairs, but the Caidin^ls do not in- fleraneddle with his Civil Government. The Cardinals are 70 b NiMober when complete, appointed by the Pope ona Vacancv; and lie takes dre always to have a Majority of Italian Cardinals, that the Chair may not be removed from Rtme, as it waa once to Avignon in fnaKt» The Pbpc's chief Miniller is the C8rdin.il Patron, oKial^y his N> ^ew, who amafTrs anfimmenfe Eflate, if the Reign be of any long, Duration. Ihe Campania of Remt is under the Pope*s immediate Government. The other Provinces of the EccleftaftTcal State are j^emerf by l>pife» and Vicelepatcs, and there is a Commander in Chief of the Pope's Forces, in every Province. The Pope monopo* lines aH the Corn in his Ten ivories, and it is pnrchafed of his Agentt at the Price he fcts upon it. The Pope's Territories arc hounded by the Territories of Ftnictt op ihc North ; by the Gulph of Ftnitet on the North-Eaft; by Naples^ on the South E.ifl ; by the Tu/ean Sea, on the South-Wefl ; and by tbcDotchyof Tuftarj^ on the North -Weft ; being 240 Miles lorg, and their gienteil Breadth lao Miles; generally a fruitful Soil, pro« docif^ Corn, Wine, Oil, Silk, and excellent Fruits proper to a warm Climate. The Walls of Ktm^ his capital City, are 12 Miles found IT A L r, imnd, and thofe of old Rtm were no more : There is not a Pjtft 6f the GioHod widiia the Wall* built upon ct prcient. the ««# ia taken op in Gardens and Vineyards. The Iphabitanu thereof M ■ot anooot to i20,coo» whatever they might do in aAtient JSaac There are ive Bridges over the River Hill remaining, twenty Gatc^ and too anttqae lowers. The Caftle of St. Angtle i» a modern For- treft of no great Strength. Modem Romt ftands much higher than antient Jtisw* being built upon its Ruins, infomuch that the 7arfuat Rock, from wUch MalefaAors ufed to be thrown, is not now vntax§ Feet high. It is obferved, them is more Liberty allowed to People of all Se. ligions at i(«Mr, than in any other Reman Catholic Country. The Pcjie't Revenues, as a Temporal Prince, may amount M ahont one li^llion Sterling fir Annum^ raifed chieilpr by a Monopoly of Corn, die Duties on Wine, and other Provjflons. Ihe onljr Port almoft be hu of Confequence is that of awta Vtchiot on the Jufum Sea, which is ftrongly fortified, and has lately been audc a free Port ; but the foreign Traffic of the Pope's Territories is not confiderable, any more than his Fleet, which ouly coniifis of ionc Gallies. The Pope''s Ecclefuftical Dominion far excceeds his Tempan^ It is computed, that the Monks and regular Clergy, which are sib- foltttely at his Devotion, do not amount to lefs than two MaUioas of People, difperfed through every Country of tlie World, toaflert bb Supremacy over Princes, i-nd promote the Intereft of the Churdh. The Revenues thefe Monks draw from the Rtm»n Catholic Coim- tries do not amount to lels than twenty Millions Sterling ptr Anaum, "befides the cafual Profits arifing from Offerings, and the Peopled Bounty to the Chuixh, who are taught th.it thl'ir Salvaiion dex«ud( on tkis Kind of Benevolence. s J y o r. SA VO Y was antlently poflelTcd by the Alkhroge:, and redaoei under the Obedience of the Remans \:\ the R'ign of Augi^iat and, having been fucceiTively iubjct^ to the Northern Nations whidi deRroved the Rontan Empire, it was at length incorporated wich the kindom of BwguHjjft on 'he Ruin whereof the Emperor of GirmaMf polFefled himfelt of it, and conferred it on Hugb Duke W S*M/»t creating him Duke of Savojiod Prince of Pu^meiit, in wJiick Family it dill continues. FieloT Amaitut II. the hifl Duk: of Zavuy^ married Atm lilmrf of Valeis, Daughter of Philip Duke of O'leoit, and of the Prince^ tJtmtitUa, Daughter of Charlts I King of EK^lanJi and by the faid Mary of f^alcu had lifue the l.tte Duke of S.i-v^ (Ki.i^ of Sartl$ni*:) Mary AJtlaitl'^ Mother of the prefent fr./i,/> King, Ltiuit W, and Mary Leuija Gabnella, who married Pkiltf V . King | aiMl 7«n«, his Capital, «a# tib I r A L r. wn opon tlie Point of ^ing ttken, when the Allies intrched to Ki lidier and ntied the Sie]^, utterly deftroying die Frtiub Army which lay before it, Ah»o 1700; and at the Place of Utrtebt, 17 13, he was made King of Sieifyt for the Service he had done the Allia in that War. He afterwards exchanged Sieilf for the Crown d Ssrduua, Amm I7i9t of which his prefent Majeify remains poflefftd. The Dutchy of Mtntfinatt the Altxandrint Vigtvmn, and Ltm- miili»t have lately been ceded to the Kinffof SarJinia by the Amftrimm, which are very valuable Additions to his Dominions. The Kine of Sardima is an abiblute Prinoe, and the Crowa hetvditary ; but the Adminiftration of the Government, in the feve- nl Territories he poiTefles, is committed to as many Cooficils, and they are governed by their refpeAive Laws, where the King does not interpoie. Savoy is but a barren Country; and lying on the Frrui Side of the Jtlfs, whenever a War breaks out, is imnedbtely ftnzed by the Frtntbt but ufually reftored upon a Peace. Hiimmt it a fine fruitful Country, and abounds in excellent Silk, crif which ihtEwglifr have purchafcd to the Value of 200,000/. fome Years. P'uimnt is naturally fortified againft Invaders by the Alp$^ and has been very much ftrenvthened by Fortrefles, againft which the Frtmh loft many Thouiand Men in the Rrign of QjMen Amu^ eipedally at 7mriny which they were forced to abandon after ten Weeks Siege. The King of SarJinia may now be looked upon as a vcnr formidabltf Prince, by the Acquifition of that Ifland, Mwtfrrratt and a eot fider* able Part of the Milantft\ but whatever his Forces may be by Land, he has fearce anv Fleet at Sea : He has but three finall Ports m //«^, nH%. Nice, Villafrmua and Ontgli. In Sartlinim indeed are feveral good Ports, but their Princes have not as yet applied themielvcs much to Navigation. TWiiv, the Capital of the Kine of SarJiHia*% Dominions, u fitnate on the Rivers Po and Deria. It is of a fquare Form, three Miles round and admired for its fpacious Squares, Piazias and Streets, and particularly the King's Palace, which for the Beauty of the Apartments, the Richneu of the Furniture, the elegant Paintings, Cabinets of Curiofities, and Library, is fcarce to be paralleled, l^e Chapel of the Holy Hantlktrchitf, built of black A^ble, is much admired : This Handkerchief, Tradition fays, was preiented to our Savfour by a compaffionate Virgin, as he was going to his Cruci* flixbn ; and that our Saviour having wiped his Face with it, returned it with his Pidure imprinted on the Handkerchief in the moft lively 'Colours. The Religion of the King of SarJimm*$ fubjeAs is generally Popery ; tho* there are fome Proteftants in the Vallies of the Fatidoit, who have nndeigonc feveral fevere Perfecutions, but by the Mediation of the Pioteftant Powcn, are fomctimes fuftcred to live at Quiet. MILAN. TH B Dutchy of MiitH conftituted the North Part of die an- cient Ligmrim, and wis inhabi.«d by thf lif/iAr«t, when the RamoM it A L r. ftfs^ 1 to Ms ly whicli , beWM s in th« A»ftn»»*t le Crowtt t the feve- ndk, a&d ig on the uncdittely , of which }nie y«tf8. ^f , and has thefrw^ ifpedaU; at ecki Siege, r fbnaidabid a coi fider- behvLanf* Kts to ltt*f\ are {evetal afelvcimuch Bi, u fitoate three Mile* and Streets, auty of the It PaintinKS, Jleled. Th« ^e, is much bnted to out to his Croci- I it, returned le moil lively lly Popery ; [bif, who have liation of the of die v^^ w, when the xedooed it mder dwir Dooiinion. The Otht made a Om> r A of it an the iMi Century, and were difpoftfled by the £«*> 4» in 57a- UiUm compofing die beft Part of the kingdom of LuSmrii^ whidi was fubdoed by CimrlemtagHt the Emperor, aboac cbie Year 80O; biit In the Wan between the Empero:t add fUm Pope; jMMnir withdrew her Alle^ance, and afliimed an Indepen-' dency, jjpi^cdiiies in the Potm oif a Republic, and at othen epvern* cd i^ Doket: And it long ferved at t Bone of Contention &tweefi the Emperor and the Frtmh, till Char Us V. expelled the FrtnA about the Year I52e. and gave it with ^/o/*, to hit Son FhHip Q.' To which Cruwn it remained fubje£t, until the Imptrirnkfit, with the Afiltance of their Allies, drove the Frtmth out of hmly in 1706. The Sfamaris and Frtnch recovered it from the Imptriiiiifii in the Year 1734; but by a fubfcquent Peace it was reftored t»thc Em* peror, on hit ceding UapUt and Sicily to Dan Cmrlost the King of f/«V< Son; and the Jajfrimiu remain pofleAed of the Dntchy pf Milan to this Day, the Emprefi Qgeen governing it by her Viceroy or Vicar. M J N T V jt. THE Dutchy of Mantum alfo was Part of the Kingdom blT Lemiartlyf and conquered by CbarUmaignet Jmm 8qo; but in die Wars bettveen the Pope and the Emperor, aflamed an Inde* pendency, and fometimes chofe a Republican Form of Government* and at others was eovemed by DuIccj ; the laft were of the Family of GtMxagM, who held it until the Year 1703; when Ftntimmiul-' Cbmrlut the laft Duke, adhering to the Frtncb againft the Houfr of Jujhrimt the Emperor feiaed on this Dutchy as a Fee of the Empire 1 and the Duke dying without Ifliie^ Ahho E708, the Auftritrnt Hill keep Pofledion o\ it, only by the Peace of Aix-la-Cbapttttt concluded in the Year 1748, GuafiaUa, Pan of this Dutchy, was allotted to Don Pbitift together with the Dutchy of Parma. PARMA. EAR. MA underwent the Fate of the reft of Italy until it be- came fubjeA to the Gtrman Emperors; it afterwards became .e£l to the Pope, tlt< Ftnetians, the Milantft and the FrtiKh^ fuc- ceflively. Pope /«//«/ II. Jim0 1545, reduced it under the Obe- dience of the See of Remi; and Pope Paul III. creatrd his natural Son, Piter Lfwit, Farnt/e, Duke of Parma ; but tlie Male Line fiul- ing, the late Emperor CharL-t VI. granted it as a Fee of the Empire to Don CarUs, Son of the Queen of Spa;n, and Heir of the Houfe of Parmat againft which the Pope protelied, efteeming it a Fee of the Holy See. Parma was afterwards relinquiihed Ly Don Carlos, on his beinf ad'/ancrd to the Th.one of Staiy ; but by the Lite Treaty of Ain-lu- ChafiUu Parma is allotted to th« Infant Don Pbiltf his Brother, toge- ther with the Dutchy of GaajiJla in Mamua. MO D £ N J. 't%t I r A L r. M Q D E N A. TH E Datchy of Modtna underwent the like l^oliitioiu unth the adjacent Countries, until it was annexed to the Mar* Juilau of Ftrrara. It was polTefTed alternately by the Po|>e and ths amily of jyEJtt, until the Year IC97, when the Pope and tie Duke agreed to divide the Country between them. The Pbpe ac<. cepted of Ferraray and the F^nutv of D'Efit, the Dutchies of Mj- Jmap Riegio, and Mirandola. lAe preient Duke adhering 10 ^e Spam'arJs againft the Auftrianst in the late War, was expelled his I>oininionsi but was rcftored by the Treaty of Jix-la-Ch/f^tUe in the Year 1748.. F E N I C E. TH E Iflands on which the City of Ftttice ftands, were (brttierly fubjeft to Paduttt when the Gotbt and other Nodiem Na- iions invaded Italy in the fifth Century, the Inhabitants of Faduat Ajuiltia, and other Cities on the Continent, fled to thefe Iflands Ibr Shelter, and formed a Republic. They ele£ied « Duke, or Doge, vefting him with abfolute Power, but within a few Years the principal Citizens abridged his Power to thai Degree, that they left him only the Name of Doge, or Sovereign Duke, vefling the (uprenue Authority in the principal Families, and their Male Ifl[he, who are now ftiled noble ytiutioHs, and amount to about 1500; but do not fufTer the Nobility in their Territories on the Continent to have any Share in the Government. The Signiory confifts of the Duke and fix other Members, cholen by the Grand Council of the Nobility, and of the three . Chief Judges of the principal Courts of Judicature; thefe are called the Council of Ten, in whom the Executive Power feems to be lodged ; and this Council ele£t three of their own Nnmber every uiree Months, who are a kind of State Inquifitors, or Secret Committee, receiving all Accufations and Informations againft Perfons fuipeAed of con(]9iring againft the Government ; and may imprifon, ana proceed capitally againft them, without calling them to make a Defence, if they all agree ; otherwi e the Matter is brought before the Council of Ten. They have Boards or Councils alfo for raifing and coUeA- ine the Public Revenues, and every other Branch of Buunefs. The ViiHtians no fooner became powerful at Sea, but they ex* tended their Conquefts on every Part of the Ttrra Firma in their Neighbourhood, and afterwards to the mod dtftant C-^mi^ .nd Iflands on the Medittrrantan and Euxitu Seas. They reduced Dalmatian and the Iflands on that Coaft, under their Dominion about the Year 078. I'hey took from the Grtcian, or Eaftern Em- peror, the Iflands of Rhedest Sao, Samas, Mytilttu, and Andrest Aktto \w^. And in Confederacy with the French, they took even the City of CcmflaHtinoplt in 1194, and remained in PofTcflion of Part of that Empi.e for fome Time. They reduced Carulia, and the xeft of the Iflands in the hniM and ^gtan Seas, is well as the Mortaf h-r-A^ L-r^ n§. Morui, and t>e Ctv of GaUifelt on the HilU/puit ; and at length made a^on'quell of their Moiher-Ci^ ofTaduot and many other great Citiea on that Side, extending their Dondiuons upwaids of an hundred Mile* inAeNorthof/Ziiii'. They difputed the Dominion of Selainniat Crtatiay MorUchimt and Dalmatkit with the King of Hungary ; and contended with the Cenoe/e for the Empire of the Sea with various Succefs ; but the Turks breaking into Europe, took from them Tbejfaionita in 1453, and demo- lilhed the Wall on the Ifthmus of Ctrimb, which defended the Mana, ' The Pope, France, and Spain, alfo joined in a Confederacy agajnft the ^ Fenetiant, and took frotn them their Dominions on the ContineiK ia * the Year 1509; but the Pope and Upturn changing Hands, they reco> vered their Territories on the Continent again. Their greateft Lofs was that of the India Trade, which was mined by the Portuguefi Difcovery of a Aiflage to India round the Cape of Good Hope', for, before this Difcovery, the Venetians purchafed the Merchandize of the Eaft at Jltxandria, and the Porta of 7nrlky in the Levant, and difperfed them all over Europe, by which they grew immenfely rich and powerful, but have declined ever fince they loft that Trade. The Turks took Cyprus, Candia, and all the Iflands in the Archipelago, from' them ; and ac length they loft the Morea, in the Year 1715. However, tliey are ftill the greateft Naval Power ia Italy, and have (eldom lefs than twenty thoufand Men in their Pav in Time of Peace, moft of them Foreigners, both OiRcers and Soi^ diers. And the Revenfies of the State are competed at i,aoo,oool. per Annum. The Doge annually, every AfcenJion-1>ay, fermallv efpoufes the Set, or Gulph of Venice, by throwing a Ring into it ; being attended by three or four hundi«d of the Nobility in their Gidlies, with a vatt Number of Barges and Gondola's, richly adorned. As to the Religion of the VenetiatH, they are the leaft fubjeQ to Bigotry of any People that profefs Popery, if they may be iaid to profeis it, while they rejeft the Pope s Supremacy. Their Church IS governed by the two Patriarchs of Venice and Aquileia, but fubjcA to be controuled by the State ; and the Pope is efteemed little more than a Temporal Prince here. The Priefls and Monks make Parties at the Mafijuerade during the Carnival ; they are allowed to keep Concu- bines, fing on their Stages, and take any Liberties alraoft, to as they do not meddle with the State : Nor have the Nuns at Venict a much better Repuution, particularly in the Nunneries of St. Zachary and St. Lawrence, where only noble Venetians are admitted ; here they do not fo much as pretend to retire for Devotion. They are not veil'd, or cover their Necks or Breafts, and admit of Varie^ of Company, sfr- cording to Biihop Burnet. GENOA. GENOA, Part of the antlent Ligwria, continued under the Dominion of the Romans, until the Ruin of that Empire by the Goths, and other Northern People; after which it made a Part of H the tU > r A L f. the Kingdoffl of LemBarift and then of the Gtnum Empire, vni at lenfftk tet up for a Sovereign State. It was afterwrafds faccefively fubjeft to the Archbiihop of Af//a«; to the Fretitbi to the Marqnia of Mmtfirratt and the Duke of Milan. The odcbratcd Jndnw DtHtt refettcd it out of the Hands of their powerful Neighboon, Mid db- bliihed the prefiuit Conftitntion of their Government. Thdr Doge, or Duke, ia eleAed only for two Years, though he i» crowned King of Ctrfica. The Ln;ifl«uve Authority is lodged in the gn»t Cou^ctU confining of 400 Noblemen and Citizens of Fortune/ clc£led annually out of the Freemen ; four Parts in five of this Cbmidl mu(t agree to txtry Law that is made. Their Naval Force is now reduced to fix Gallies, though Airmeriy their Fleet rivalled that of FenUet and obtained many Vidones over die Tnrkst Ftmimiut and SpamarJtt and fettled Coloniet in Afim, and on the Shores of the Euxim Sea. They had aUb a neat Share in dbe £im •vAniTnde, purchafing the rich Merchandize of the Eaft in Turht and exporting it toEimfe: Their Forces by Land were inoonfiocnble until the late War ; in which even their capiul City of C^aM was taken by the Jmftria^t, who. hid it under very heavy ContributionSt and throitening to raife diem by military Bxecution, ia enraged the Inhabitants, tMt they aoie in great Numbers, and having maflkred many of the Ju/iriaKSt drove the reft out of their Capital ; thus bravely recovering their Liberties and their Dominions, which were i^ierwards confirmed to them 1^ the Tieaty ci Jix-'hhOiaptBtt in the Year 1748. Their puUic Revenues are computed at aoo,ooo/. ftr 'amum i but as great Part of their Eftates lie in Ntpbt, they ftem to be under a Neceffity therefore of taking the Part of that Prince, who is Sovereign of Napbs, in every Wair. Their chief Manufiifturea are Silks, Brocades, Gold and Silver Stuffs, and Velvets, of which they ufed to export a great deal, as well as Paper, Wine, Oil, Fruit, Sweetmeat', Anchovies, and (everal Sorts of Drugs ufed in Phyfic and Fainting. T U S C A N r, ' TH E Dutchy of Tufcanyt known antiendy by the Names of Omiria, 7yrrbtHiat and Httruia, fell under the Dominton of the Remans about 455 Years before Chrift. The Ofingotb* pof- felTed in the fifth Century, and then the Ltmhardtt who were ex> pelled by CbarUmaigne, Anno 800 ; after which it bec?me fubjeA to the German Emper(^s, who appointed the Governor, until the Pope encouraged thefe Governors to render themfelves independent, and accept of his Proteflion againu the Emperc:. There were two potent Fafiions in Tufcam at this Time, 1240, which divided the whole Empire, and occaiioned a very Ions civil War, both in Italy and Germany ; thefe Fadliohs went by the Names of die Gutlpbs and GibeUints \ the firft appearing in the Intereft of the Pope, and the other in the Emperor's Intereft. During thefe Contentions between the Emperor and the Pope, the Cides eath of Cmfiw de Mtdiiu^ the lift Doke withoat Iftue, 1737 ; whtn it was transfentd to the Diiks o( Itrrmii, by the Coofent of the U^ Emperor Charles VI. (who cfteencd it • Fee of Ae Empire* as the Pope did of the Holy See) in lie* (i0KlheDatchy of Ltrtaia, which was coded to FrsHct by th« Treaty ofl^afle u d« Condafion of the War between the Empire on one Side. uAFraiue and S^h on the other. TIm CnMDake of Tti/ctnijf (now Emperor) Is abiolute in thia Doichy; hit JL^Dbqum ajte computed at 500,000/. per Jnm. arifinr chie%,fi«iMi ..dtt Tenth of aU Eftates that ate Ibid or alienated, ana the &. Don Carlos, the King of Spain's Son, King of Naples; and he was conhrmed in that Throne by the Emperor, at a fubfequent Treaty, and Aill remains in Pofleffion of that Kingdom, ftiling himfelf King of the Two Sicilies, viz. Naples and Siiily. Patriarchs^ Arcbbijhops^ and tbtir Suffragans, Archhijhop of Turin, — Of the Tarentefe, — 0/ Milan Of Venice Patriarch - CyAquileia Patriarch Archhtjkop of Bologna ©/•Genoa - Of Florence, Of Pifa, Mondavi, Foffano, Toree. Aottfle, Sioit. f Cremona, Novara, Ledi, Alexandria, Tortona, < yigevano, Bergamo, Brefcia, Vercelli, Alby, ^ Ajti, Cafal, Acqui, Savona, Vintimiglia, — Terzel, Chioza. ?Como, Ferena, Vicenxa, Padua, Feltri, Trevifo, Belluno, Concordia, Parenxo, Pola, Trilfe, Caio de IJlria, Cita, Nova, Petin, f Modma, Brgio, Parma, Placenlia,Qrema, Carpi, \ Bergo, St, Domingo. — Noli, Brugnato, Alhfgna, Bohio. C Vulterra, Piftoia, Fiefcti, Colle, Burgo, St. Sepid- \ chro, Citta, de Sole.] f Lucca, Livena, Sagona, Aleria, Maffa, Pienxt, < Groffeto, Chiufi, Sienna, Mont-Alcino, Pim»- ^ bino, Alazza. Artb. I t A L r. \^7' O/Urbiaok 0/ftmOt ' ^ Ravennaj 0/ Naples, 1 Arcbbifiops and Ibek SitffragtMs, __ KSt. LioHt P*fan* Smig»tia, CagU, E»piii«, I Fojfamhrumo. I hUmaitOt St. Srvtrim, Ttkmim, Maetrstit ib- \ patranfone. Rimim, FamJIria, drvia, Imela, Sot/m, C«- /tnxat Forli, Rovigo, Ctmacbio, Fatwxa, BrUinioro. Pozaukf Ifcbia, Nolm, Cerrtu C Gautot jlqmHt Iftmim^ Cafmmt Titao, dgtHKit* OfCvpoM, -— < Se/at MonU-CtJfoMt Calvi, CmnMUh .'V*' ^ n»fr»t Ftndi. Of Salerao . 5 PoUettfint Samt, <^M^miM^ Cafscd$, Nitfit, J ouerno, | Marfio^ iViw«, Hoctra di Pagni, Aarnt. ^Amalfit " Litter it Capri ^ Mineri. • Of Conza, Maffat Cafttla Mare it Stahhiet^ Viet. \ (^Sorento, •■■ Cadegna, Satrianio, Mitre, Cangiano, Bifejiea* r Lari/uit Felturata, Drageaara, ToriMmsea, B«-^ Arcbbifliof of%ent-\ vine, Monte-maraao, Buam, Aveliimi Frv- vento, ■ ■ y <««//, Arianot St. jfgatba, Telexi, 4fe9l, Fie- renxula, GuarMot ffAlJUrtt^ Trmdit Le/ma. Of Chieti, Of LaQciano, •-' None. Cy*Manfredoniay— — 5^. Severit$e, Trtiei, Viefii, iCivittadePemu, Calf, Sirtiuna, Caii^i, Ortfna \ de Mart. 0/Bari, ind ■,i#;<-m«"».^t5*^ ., • - ^ S A tt p f i\^ / 4' ArthUfliprks.} Ccj-fitrr, Oriftagni^ 9p.d Safari* BUhojuks.] Cajiil Arragonift, vbA AJghtri^ c o H s I c 4- BUhoprks.] Bajtia, Cone, Neiiio, Mariano, and Ajaxxa. Tbe great Italian IJfands ariy Sipily, Sardinia, and Corfic^i Extent and Situation of Sicily^ r 12 !•{ and I <«J- E^ Lon N. Lat. j;^,Miles in ten^ti^. ■>i\.' ^^ loo Mies in Breadth* Between { and Between < and Pivided liom Jbalj by the narrow Strait of UtJJina, which 15 tiof ievcn Miles over. Proyinces. Chief Towns. . ^aldtUoKMra, WeR*] f Pakrmo, E. Lon. 1 3. N. Lat. 3S-30. HMaxara, and Trapaiio. ^Jt it Jkmmti, Eaft f | f4fJUiaa, Melaxu, Catama, and ITicoJk, IW4*AW#, S. E. J ISjracn/tUidNotf, ' ■ ' '• ^ • > J^untainj.^ ITALIAN ISLANDS. J19 '«r.] The noft aoted Moonuins is this liland is that «f JSlAM, BOW called Mont GiiSlUw, a terrible Volcano, fituate in the Promoe of FJOumim. This Mboataia i« fixtjr Miles in CiKum- Itfcnce, and at the Top there is a Baibn of boraing Sulpbnr fix Ifiks round, from whence fometimes ifliie Rivers of melted Minerals iku ran down into the Sea- The Hill is fo high, that roond tho ^alfan there is a Circle of Snow great Part of the Year. Before any great Eruption there is generally an Earthquake. The Port Town of Catam* was overturned by an Earthquake in 1693, and 18,000 People periflied in it. Sjrmeuje^ once the greateft City of the Ifland. has been fi> often demoliihed by them that very little of it remains ai preftnt. Rivtrs.l Here are ieveral Rivers and good Springs, but few of ChefeRiveis are navigable, having bat a fliort Coqiie, and defcending predpitaiely fnm the Mountains. The chitf are, i. Cbmmtra, which rifing in Mount ptnm, £dls into the EaAem Sea near Tatrmina ; i. the fsmntMt which runs from Weft to Eaft, and falls into the Bay of Cata. fum I and 5. die River Sal/a, which riib in the North, and runs South sdmoft croft the Ifland. MtrStffirtA The chief Harbours are thofe of A^iut and S/raemfi on die Eaft Coaft, PaUrm and Mtltaua on the North, and Jrapam on the Weft. Jbr.'\ It lies in a warm Climate, but the . iir is healthful, being re- freihed by Sea Breezes on tstt^ Side. ' Sul and Prtdtue."] Both Hills and Val|jes are eycceding fruitful, no Country producing more Corn* Wine* Oil, and Silk, in Proportion to its Diffloufions ; from whence old Rmu was principally fupplied with P^vifionli, when it abounded with People. MMKrfmkwces tmdTraffe.} Thefe are chiefly Silk, which, with the other noduce'of the Uland, are exported in large Quantities from Mtffhuit where a Confid from everv Nation in Enrtfi almoft refides, to manage and proteft the Trade of this Nation ; and of late the SiciUatu have traded with Tmrkty and the Coaft of Bcarbaryt which they never 4id before Don Carla$ aicended the Throne. Iflanit htltmn»g /« Sicily. jj There are eight fmall |flands, wbicfi lie near the North C«^ of Sicilj^ to which the Antients gave the ^ames of McU^^ and Vnkam^t feigned by the Poets to be the Scats t£ .Mtiut nAFukmi, the Chief of which is, Lipar'h from whence they are ufually called the Ufaii Iflaads. Two of them are Vul- canos, viie. StnmMt and atrt. The firtsU Iflands of Ltvmxot hfariti$Ka, and Favantuis, lie at the W«li End of the liland of Revoktims and prefent Confiitution of the Government, 'nOTH Nt^Ut and SUilj, (or the Totw Sicilies) were probably MJ ML planted by the Grttks, as they Uy next th*-'^ Countries ^the ,£aft, tad gave Nafks the Name of^ Magna Grada : They H 4 obtained %2a Italian islanbs. obtained al(b the Name of the Ttuo SieJlies. Nepht was called Siti/y on this Side the Pkares, or Strait of Mejftna, and the Ifland of Sicily beyond the Pharos : The Ifland alfo was called Trinacriat from its triangular Form. The Gieeis and CartJbaginiaus divided tlie Ifland between them, but were both of them fubdued or expelled the Ifland by the Rimans, who reduced it into the Form of a Province, it never having been under the Dominion * of one Sovereign befol'e. This Ifland followed the Fortune of Italy in its fevcral Revolutions, until the Sicilian Veipers 1282, when the Natives maflacrad their Frinch Matters, who had then the Dominion of it. The French were fucceeded by the Spaniards until the Year 1707, when they were driven from thence by the Imperialifls ; and at the Peace of Utrecht this Iflaiid was allotted to the Duke of Savoyy with the Title of King. The Spaniards invaded in ^718, hut were forced to abandon it again ; and then it wis conferred on the late Emperor Charles Vi. who held it till the Year 1735, when the Imperialiils were driven out of this Ifland, and of all their Italian Dominions ; and Don Car lot, the King of Spain** eldeft Son, by the Princefs of Parma his fecond Queen, was advanced to the Throne of the Tmua Sicilies, (Naptu 9,nA Sicily) which were confirmed to him by a fubfequent Peace, on Condition of h\&ttl\n^mikAngMilaK^ Partita, and all th^ te(t of tJxe Em- peror's Italian Dominions, which the Spaniards and French had takefi from him in that War ; and Don Carlos itill remains King of the Ttua Sicilies, being anabfolute Monarch, reftrained by no Laws but thofe of his own making, his Land Forces are about 30,000 at prefent, ancl his Revenues what he pleafei to make them. They had nO Fleet but Gallies till his Reign, but the preientPrince is building Men of War, and defrgns to make himfelf formidable on both Elements. The prefent In- habitants are a Mixture of Italians and Spaniards, but fpeak chiefly ^/o- ttjh, and follow the Spi^nifli Fafltions, particularly in wearing Black. In Religion they agree both with the Italiaifj and Spaniards, an{l have lately tolerated the Jeivs to fettl^ among them, and make an open Profclliort of their Religion, which the Spaniards vtOttH never fuffer them to do. Before 1 leave Sicily, it may be proper to mention thofe Whirlpools of Scylla and Cayhdis, two Rocks between Italy and Sicily, much dreaded by the >\ntieiiti>, who, in cfcaping one, were frequptly driven by the Eddy upon the oiher ; but as Navigation is much improved finceihofc Times, our Sailors pnfs them withnvt any i\ppiehenfion of Darger. There aje fame Ruins near Sjr/iiU'f, of the FaUce of Diomjius, the famous Sicii:aH Tyrant, as is conjcdlurcd. Extent ami 6UuatUu, j%4 mm ^ ^ 1 '^ ^ petwcen < and ^E.Lon. | I lu Lwgth, fromN. loS. i4oMile«. Ifptwecn < i:id Cn. I.at. j tin . C 4' 3 J I Breadth, from E.'to W. 60 Miles. Lying ttAhlAV tSL^NDS: lit Lyint aboat ijoMUetW. oi Uibtn in Tu/eaiiy, i zo Miles N.W. of Sicily and feparatcd from CorfitM by the narrow Stfaic of Btmfmh •ntli9N» %■ Provintea. Chief Towns. Cahtdi Cagliarit S.l €Cagliari, E. Lon. 9--IZ. N. Lat 39.. >< Oriftttgni Caho dt Lfgadori, N. 3" C Sapri and Caftel Aragom/t. ^ Mountains.'] It is prettily diverfified with HiUs and Vallies ; the Mountains in the North are very high. Rivtrs.] I. The Sactr rifes in the N. E. Part of the Ifland, and running i).:W. falls into the Bay of Orifiagni \ 2. the Siff runs from N. to S. and falls into the Bay of Cagbari. Air.] It is a pretty warm Climate, and the Air not reckoned healthful. Soil and Product.] The Soil is very fruitful where it is maanred, producing Corn, Wine, and Oil, in groat Plenty; but they want Hands, and thufe they have are fiud to bie exceeding lazy and indolent, feldom making any great improvement in their Ground. The Lan- guage is Spanifit this Ifland having been under the Dominion of Spaia till very lately. .^ Revobttions and prefent Conjiitution. I HE rbinitimf MAGrteks firil fent Colonies to this Ifland, and crefted feveral fmall States, u they had done in the South of and Sidlf. The Ourthmginiamt fucceeded them, and had the Dominion of the whole Ifland almott. The Rtmant difpofleflSid the Caribaginiant. The Saratins invaded it in the eighth Century, as they did NatUs and Sitily. The Republios of Gtnea and Pi/m re- covered Part of the Ifland from them. Pope Bonifatf took upon him to transfer the Ifland to the King of Arragen, who fubdued the Gtnttft, Pi/am, and the reft of the Inhabitants, and annexed it to his own Ek)- mintons; and it remained united to the Crown of Spmn till the Allies made a Concjuell of it. Anno 1 708, and It was allotted to the Emperor at the Peace of l'/rtffi6/, 1713. ii^t Spaniards recovered it in 1717 but were obliged to abandon it two Years after ; when it was confer- red on Uie DiHceof Savy, in Ilea of the Kingdom 6f Sicitft in 1719, and his Son, the pre(ent Kine of Sardinia, is now Sovereign of this Ifland ; the Revenues whereof will not do much more than defray the Charges of the Government, their Traffic beini; very inconfidrrable, and their Forces by Sea or Land foirce mentioned by any Writer. They have been governed by Viceroys fome hundrrd Years. The King fel- dom or never vifits them. Corfica rii •Ictwccft Between ITALIAN JSL4NJ>^ Corfict SUuatiM, T ^ 7 ^1 < and >E. Lbn. I V Being ^ \ uA VN.Lat. I 50 ipolGIesjaLcDgUi, Miles in Breadth^ Ljring 100 Mflet Soa|di of Gtmm, vnd 60 South Weft of Ughmm ii| 7j^«ipp,,iejparate4 from Smrdima by thie narrow Strait of^MJ^** Chief Towns. Noith Diviioa 7 tBafka, E.Lott.9~40. N. La^ 4S~lo. HBajka, E.Lott.9~40. N. C»rtfaACalvii ^ B«nifiui9 and JJtnmf, (Sonth EliTifion MMMTtfiw.] I| is a moantainona» rocky Country, covered witl| Wood. Air, ^/, MdPfMlutt.] The Air is better than in S^^mm, but • Ibanen Soil : It does howerer produce Corn and Wine enough for the Kaiivai, but has very litde to traffic with. Im^gtu^A The Language of this Ifland is lisliati, it being fhbjeft totkeCkw(/^. T Revolutions. HE Ifland q( Corfiea underwent the like Revolutions as5«r- Jim* did^ until the Saractns were driven out of it by the (?«- mi/i and Pi/av, who divided it between them for ibme Time : But At length the Gtaif/i expelled the Pf/inis, and remain in Poffeffion of the whole Ifland at this Daj^, which |hey ftile a l^ngdom» and ihcir Doge at his Acceflion, is formally prochumcd and crowded King qf THE RE are flill ieveral other finaU Iflands on the COaft of N^lti and Tif/amf ; the Chitf whereof art, 1. CV^, or Cm- frt»t t. I/ibia, 3. Prccita, 4. .^mbm, 5. Gigii», 6. Siit, 7. Puuf/kf $. Cffrmrim, 9. Gtrfma, and 10 Mtitrtm. Of theft Cii^i is much uktn Notice of for tha aoUc Ruins upon it. It is fitoate at the Entrance of (he Golph of Ndiflu^ abont thief Miles from the Continent, being alioat nor Miles Iom, and one bread. . This was the Refide^ce of the Bnpereir Aim"" ^ '^sne Time, and afterwards of Tiktrias ifor many Years. Tlie moft co»; fidtrable Ruin ftands'at the Extxemity of tU BaAem Promontory, where there are fti|l (everal Apnartmenu left, very lofty and arched at the Top. Some Years ago there was difeevered a paved Road, Sinning under Ground from the Top of the Mountain to the Sea^ ide. what recommended this Ifland to TiUrUu was, the temperaWf healthful Air, being wtrm in Winter, and cool in Sutaner, and iti inaceefihln ITALIAN ISLANDS, laf iMflosfibleCtai, wUdiitftvcryfteep, tliat • (mill Namber of Moi may ilifiil it i^irfnft an Amy. And here it ii conjeOaicd ibat £«• paw hai difirent fliefidcKes, according to die different Scalbot of Se Y«ar. The dk^ Iflaad wat cut oot into cafy Alccnu, adoned witk Palaco* and jplMttd i«iidi as gieat Variety of Grove*, and Gar- dcM as tiie Ground would adatdt. And the Workt under Ground vtem nan ntiaonlinary than diofe on the Snrfiwe, for the Rocks were all undcmined widi ragfhways. Grottos, Galleries, Bagnio's, and fab- tcrraaeoos Retiremciits, whidi fuitfd the^ brutal Pleafures of that Empcrar, and were afteiwards demo 'hed by the Rmmtu^ in Detefla- tion of dM aanatural and laicivious ^c is, which had been aded there. Tlw Iflaad of £iU is fituate. fifteen Miles Weft of the Coaft of Tnfctafff about forty Miles in Qircumfcrence. At the Eaft End of it is a Uttk Town and Harbour called Pert$ Ltngtt belonging to the King of the Two SieiUtt , and anothef Town and Harbour on the Noitii Side of the liland, belonging to the Duke of Tu/caty, tho prcfentBnpemr. The reft of the JMands on this Coaft do not merit a patdcnlar Delcripdon. MALTA, TH E Ifland of Malta lying but a little to the South of Sidlj^ I Audi take the Liberty of comprehending it among the Italian liUnds. Malta t olim Mtlita, is fituate in 15 Dcg. E- Lon. and 4c Deg. i; Mia. N. Lat. 60 Miles South uf Cape Pajfar$ in Sitiljt and is of an oval Ficjure, zo Miles lone, and 1 2 broad. The Aff is clear and hcaldiful, but excefiive liot, when it is not cooled by the Sea Breeaes. It is dl a white, foft ftodc, covered with a Foot of tood Vf^ctable Earth. It produces great Quandtic: of CotiM, IiM"J|p> Oranges, Lemons, Olives, Figs, and other Fruiu, with great nenty of Pulfe, Peafe, Beans, Roots. Herbs, and other Garden Stuff; bat they have \tty little Corn or Wine, with which they are fupplied chiefly ftom^Sicilyi nor have they any Wood except Fruit Trtes, on the Illaod. The Town of Maha, or f^alttta, is magnificently built, Prongly fortified, and has an excellent Harbour. Charles V. Emperor of Gtrman and King of Sfaitit gave it to the Knights of St. 7«hiof Jtrw/aum, in 1^30, whofe Predec^flors diflingu^fii^d thcmlelves in the Defence of the Holv Land, and the ProtAligin of the Pilgrima who reibrted 'thither. When the Chriilians were driven out of the Holy Land by the Saraeem, thefe Knights retired to Cyfrut. They afterwards took the Ifland of Rbedn from the Infidels, and defended it agidnft all their Pbwer for two hundred Years ; and tlien, furren. dering it upon honOuVhlfe .Terms, retired to Malta, which was con- ferred on tnem by the Eniberor Charla V. as has been related ; and when Sefyman, the 7«fif^ Emperbr, invaded Ma/ttt, they obliged htm to abandon the IflaAd', U^t he had loft twenty thoufand Men befora thfirWaUi. ^ • • • ■ • Thcfii ■f24 SfTirZERtAND, Thcfe Knights cortfift of (even Teveral Retfiaw Catholic Nationa : They are all of, antient, noble Families. The Grand Crofle!, as they are called, are the Heads of each Nation, and are ftited Grand Priors : Each of them has his Convent of Knights, and they have Eftates, or Commanderies, in the refpcAit'e Nations to which they belong. Theie Priors e\e&. a Grand Mailer, who is the chief Com- mander in the Ifland. They have a Squadron of Meta of War^ and Land Forces; atid are engaged in a perpetual War againil'the TV/i/, jliterittes, and other Mahomtian Powers. The ICnights make Vows ef Celibacy and Chaftity ; notwithflanding which, every Man keeps as many Concubines as he pleafcs, who are, for the moft Part Gre~ ciaii Beauties, which they take in the iflands of the Archiptlage,, fubje£k to Turkj. , " * SJVITZERLAND, olim HELVEriA. Situation and Extent, Between < Between < 6 and II and 48 Being 260 Miles in Length, 100 Miles in Breadth. Btundariti.yvy O tJ N D E D by Al/ace and Snvaiia in Gtrmany, X3 on t*'* Noith; by the Lake of Confitutct, Tyrol^ and Trcntt on the Eaft ; by Italy, on the South ; and by Framei on the Weft. Divided into 1 3 Cantons, 'v/z. Cantons. BtrHt Proteftant On the Weft Frihurg, Popiftl Ba/tl, Proteftant Lucern, Popifti ■ Soloturn, Popiib r Stbafiau/tH, Proteftant } ( Schaffh»mj'tii On the Eaft < Zuritk, Protellant > ^ Zuhck I Apptnxtl^ Proteftant Chief Towns. fSern, E. Lon. 7— so. I N. Lat. 47. . ; Fr/iturf 'i Ba/il I Luctrn VSoleturiit or StUirt, IZug, Popiih Sr /m/. Baft } CmV«, E> Lon. 9—25. N. Lat. 46—40. Chiavetma Tiram , Momutf GaU. SyM Neufchatttt GtHtva MulhaufiH, SubjeSls of the Switzers. 7 \^' Sargatu '"urgo'W ofwtil. f«^«« ls.E. Lucarna j Belltnts 5Sargan$ Turgonvt N. E. Rotued i Lugano Lucarno BelUnts The Towns of BaJtHf Bremgarten, MelUngent Raper/iutUt and Fr** •wenfelJ, on the North. MeuMUtiHt.} SivitzerlanJ lies upon the A/j>s, the highefl Mountains fh Euroie, and every Canton almoit is ieparated from the other by a particular Chain of Mountains. Lahs.] There is a Lake almoft on every Mountain ; the chief Lakes are thofe of i. Geneva, 2. Conftance, 3. ThuHt 4 Lticirnt 5. Zuritk, 6. Neufchattlct and 7. Zf///. Rivers,] I. ^/&/w, 2. ^lics fince their InMtntion ; bat there fa^ no whoe ia Ev^ a better regidated Militia : Bvtry Male Irov fixieett lo fia^ b enrolled, and aboat one third of them icgfaaetitei. JCmmtmm.] It is computed thai the Revenues ofBtr'n, die laivell Canton, amonnt to 300*000 Crowns a Year, and that of Zuriek tn I $0,000 ; of which two Thirds are expended in the Charges of the Government, and the reft laid up in the Treaihly. The Revenoet of the ether Cantons are much left, but ihty all' lay up lbmethin|^ in Bank. Taxts.'] Their Revenues arife firft from the Profits of the Denwfae Lands, which belong to the State ; a. The Tenth of the Produce of 111 the Lands in the Countiy : 3. A certain Tax upon Lands^ which are not the Property of the Gentry, called in fniut, Cen/et Foaeitntt 4. Cnfioms and Duties on Merchandize : And, 5 The Revennes arifing ftom the Sale of Salt. Prom the laft they .raife the greateft Sams, for the Stttes alone retail it to the SubjeAs, and impoft what Price ther pleafe. There is another crfual Tax arifing from, the Sale of all Eftates ; the Sovereign being entitled to a fixth Part of the Value upon tv;fry Alienation. Ptrjmu ami Hmiitt.} The Stuiixirs are generally good Bodies of Men, tall, and well m&ic, and living in a cold mountainous Coun- try, where Hunting over the Rocks and Predpi^s 's their principal Diverfion, are a very hardy Race ; but as diey ^ure frequently ex- pofed to temoeftudto ftormy Weadier, their Complexions are not the oeft ; moft of them wear their Hair, and in ibme Places long Bards are ftill in Fafluon 1 but lew of them care to part with their darling Whifliers. Th< Women are handfome, and well (haped, and want no Chama in their Peribns or Convcr&tion ; but all fine Qoaths, widi Silver or Ookl» Jewels or Lace, are prohibited both Sexes. Auifaitiu tad CurioJliietA Mr. Addi^ relates, that at ituifiam ht viewed the Wall of the Cathedral Church, which waa opened by 000 Balth<|uake, and doftd fome Years after hy another. About five Miles from Nymit are die Ruins of Ctrjm\ Wall, whkk extended eighteen Miles in Length, vix. from Mtiut'yiirm, to the Banks of die Lake of Granw, as Ce/»r has dcfcribod it in the Fiiil Book of his Commentaries. The Sitoation of Frihrgt the Capital of diat Ctalon, ia to irre- gular, among Rocks and Pr^nices, that they are fereed to climb up to feveral Paru of it, by Stair-cafes of a prodigions Afeent. Tho College of Jefidts here, is find to be the fineft in 9^imeritmd, from whence there are ftveral beautiful PfofpeAs. And ikty lunm a C^- kOioa. ^m tW ITZ E RLANJS ' leSUmi of PiAarcs. reprefenting moil of ^ Fathers tff their Ofdcr,f. |fliORg vrfiom are feme Natives oiEngUaul, by as filled Rebck, and %y them Martyrs. The Infcription under Henry Garnet relates. That when ih»ilfrtti(s could not prevail on him, either by Force or Pro- mifes, to alange his Religion, they hanged and quanered him. Two Leagues ftom. Fribiirg there is a little Hermitage, elleemed 9ne of the greateft Qiriofities in SimtztrUmJ. It lies in the prettied Solitude, imaginable, .among Woods and Rocks; which, at firft View, incline one to be ferious. The t^irmit had lived here five and tjventy Years^. . and with his ovra Hands wrought out of the Rock a pretty Chapel, a Sacriftie,*a Chamber, Kitchen, Cellar, and other Conveniences. His Chimney is carried up through the whole Rock, notwithftandibg the Rooms lie very deep; and he has cut the Side of the Rock into a Level for a Garden, to which he brings the Earth he finds in the neighbour- ing Parts, and has made fuch a Spot of Ground of it, as furnitnes out a Kind of Luxury for an Hermit ; and as he obferved the Drops of Water diftilling Tirom fcveral Parti of the Rock, by following the Veins of them, he made himfelf two or three Fountains in the Bowels of the Mountain, which fcrves jiis Table, and water his little Garden. The public Walks by the great Church at Btrn are worth the viewing : ' They are raifed extiemely high ; and that their Weight might not break down the Walls and Pilailers which furround them, they are built upon Arches and Vaults. The(e Walks afford the nobiefi Sumfners Profpeds in the World ; for here you have the full View of a hlige Range of Mountains that He in the Countiy of the Gri/ons, and are covered with .'■now. They are about fourfcore Miles Diflance from Bern ; but their Height and Colour make them feem much nearer. The Cathedral ftands on one Side of thefe Walks, and is efteemed the mofl m.ngnificent Proteilant Church in Enrhfe, out of England. Li the J/fs the Difl'erenc:; of Seafons in one anAhe fame Climate is very remarkable ; for T; avellers may in one Day meet with Winter on the Tops of the Mountains ; the Spring on the lower Part of them, with pleafant green Paihires ; and Hay-time and.Harveft at the Foot of the Mountains and in the Valleys. Some of their Animals, fuch as Bears, Hares, and other Game, are white in Winter. And here are the Pyrete ^rei, of a globular Form, being a Sort of Marcafites found on the Tops of the j«pt ; and fome- times wafhed down by B»ooks. They refemble our EngU/h Rufl Balls ; and when broke are full of Streaks from the Circunuerencc to the Center, which fhine like Gold and Silver. 2. Their falfe Diamonds are Pieces of the pureft Chryftal, with great Variety of Comers, and mofl of them have ibort (mall Columns in the Middle. 3. Stones refembiing Pieces of Money, marked with Strokes, con- vex on both Sides, and look like Glafs ; the Surface of which looka as if covered ail over with Pieces of Coin. 4. Black fhining ChryAal Stones like Hexagon Pyramids, fome ef which contain black Antimony chryllalUzeU. Veins of Silver, ;L Copfcr, CopMr, Lead, T x. ImdSeletutes df ChryfUl with Spot% which io- create and decre^ife with the Moon. c. Plenty of Uadk Marble with wnite Veln& and Spots, $ymptoin»' of Gold Black Pyritet, Veins of Silver Vitriol^ Black Fiffik Stone< ' tf. A Well which dsbt and flowa oniSe a Day ;. and another whicl^ flows three M ceftant and PopiOi Cantons, wherein thb Cathdics were nnfuociHsful,: lofing Batku and other Tcoritories. In this War the Canton of $trn alone brought Forty Thodand Men into die Field. Tfaefe Cantona were much more confidteable before they were dtfuniced by their Dif* ferencea about ReligiOtl. Bim and the larger Cantons are Ariftocrades. In Btm^ which ia the largeft, the Legiflative Power is lodeed in the Great Cooncil, or Diet, nfiiUng of t^ of the moft lobiUntial Inhabitants; aa4 the executive Power^ in a Senate of 27, elcAed out of che Grca^ Otodcfl. In the little Denocratical Cantons, the Legiflative Power i^ lodged in the diifufive Body of the People ; and every Male, above fix*^ teen, whither Mafli^ o^ Servant, has a Voce in makine Laws, and in theCkoioe of Magiftnaes. There is a General Diet ofall the Canton! held at Ak*«, at Midfiammt., annually. The.Proteftants ^0 have a General Diet of their Perfuafion, and the Papifts another of theirs, but Ijlify iUddufitlongtlithaQaMonth. r ,,. ^. , Tlri; Proteftaht (Gannons are all Ga/v^ifyf /, or Preibyterianr^ ^trrd'To are their Allies of GM«vtf. The City of Gekivm'w fituate on the River ^.W, at the Weft End ef the Lake Ltmain, feventy Miles South Weft of Bern, and fixty Miles Nordi fiaft oiLymu in Frimut and is about two Miles in Circumferen«r« admired for its Situation on the Lake and River, and the fine, Prc^ fpeds it atibrds. The Tuptories of Frtutct and Savoy come up to the Walls; and they would long fince have been reduced under the Dominion of the one or iSbt etmr, if they had not been under the ProteAion of the Svoifi Cantons. The Inhabitant? of GtHiva are faid to amount to about Th^rw Th6uiand Sodls. Hith^ the Calvamijis from Engbuut, n^Mcit and Htutuuit frequently refort for Education in th6 Univeriity t as others do to Ltta/aHmtt another City and XTniterfity, (Itu> ate in the Canton of Btriif on the North Side of the Lake Ltmain, and fufcjeft to the Canton of Btrn. The Legiflative Power at Gtntva is lodeed in a Council of 200, and :h« Senate, confifting of 4C Members, have the executive Power. I Thf ■# 1^0 ' SWItZERLAND. ^ The Clergy here have neither Glebe or Tvchs but a Revenae of fihf Poonib ftr An, ptid by the States i and there are no &dleriea aKoiMd to their Fellowi or Proteffim in the Univerfitiei> who are maintained chiefly by tbdrPupili. The Language in StoittctrUmd is dther Wgb-Duub, Frtmh, or Itaii' Mt according to theCountries which lie next them. At GtMtvm, 'tia £ud, they ipeak good French, bnk in other Parts of SwtmirUmd it is very much corrupted. The Country of the Grijmi was Part of the antient Rlnttia, and con- fifti of three Di^floni, li The Grtftn, or Grey League, a. The League of the Houie of God, and 3. The ten JuriMidions { and thttTe are fnbdivided into feveral leflh* Cmnnnnities, whidi arc &t many De- moctacies, every Male above fixteen having a Vote in the Government of* the Sate, and elefiing Magiftiates. And Deputies or R^refenta- fives, from the feveral Commuoities, conilitate the General Dyet of Ae Gri/m Leagues, which meet annuidly, in Mmrtb, at the Oapitu City cf Coirti but they can conclude nothing withbutdie Confent of tM feveral Communities which fend them. Two Thirds of the SubjeOs of the G*ifin Lei^es are Protcflants, of the StA of Calwn. The VakeliMt with the Counties <^ Btndt and CluavtHmm were formerly Fart of the Dntchy of AfiAnr, and ceded to the Gri/tM by the Sforxa*% Dukes of MHan, in Confidcratkm of tKrir Services in Defence of that Dutchy ; but it was provided, that the Popilh Religion only fliould be profeffed there. Thefe are fruitful Countries; and the Fm/ttiim, bang a Vally by whidi Gtrmmmf has an eafy Communication widi Ittify, the Prtfei E on of it has been much contended for by the Germmu and Frtntb, in their //«&'- or Wars. The rdl of the Allies of the Switxertt v». the Fmlait^ St. 6«//, and TtketUturtt are b many dilUnA Republics; and fo is Ntufcbttttl, though we King of Pnifflt is ililed Soverdgn of that Territory. NETHERLANDS, PA R T of the andent GaUia Bilgica, and afterwards of the Cirde of itlgium. Extmt and Situation of the Seventeen Provinces* Between Between < and SE.Lcn.1 } Being . j and (N.Lat 300 Miles in Length from North to South. 200 Miles in Breadth from £all to Well. Bhuiidariu.] N BtkE RLAHtyS. »5I» .] n O U N D B D by the; G^mtm Sea, oa die N. bjr Ctmm^t B. bjr I^nfmi and Frmiitt, S. attd by tk« ^f»^ SCMW W. COBttiBiBg {I. The Seven United Provinces, North. «. The Jufiriam and FrmA 1 5^,^^^ Kuhttlimit I UmudNETHERLAIiDS. Pfoviocei. Chief Townt. n. iMaad The Seven United Pxovinces are. I ZtaUuul Friiflmid Gramngtn Ovtrffil 6. GMrlandvA Zatphm 7. Utnctt 'JmJterdam,t^lMn. '^' 4-30. N.Lat.5S-ao* MidMtiurik Flupti^ DrvoHttr Zivett Nimegutn Utncbt The Upper Part of GiUtrljtui is fubjea to the King of Prtifia, and the cajHttl Ciqr GtUer Their Situation* Between < and iB. Lon. \ ud iN.Lat Being - 150 Miles in Length. Almoft as mudi inBreadth. Bounded by the Gtrmam Sea on the N. and W. hyWrMtalim in Gfraww, B. and by ftmubrtt Brahmtt and the Datchy o\ Cleottt S. They !Ue 00 Miles Sift of J^ofbmd, at the Months of feveral peat Rivets, being flat Lo^-lands^rlroni whence theyjecdved die pment Name of the Lw-CtHatriti, or NetbirLmtb. The ZuiJtr Sea dividea M4kW from Fh|W and there is a Lake in AU&W called ^«r^« Mm. They have pylecs to defend them againft the Inundations of the Sea and Laad-Fleod^^ ftvcntten Blls diick. 1% 1. MOt^ Il« NETHERLANDS. I. HOLLAND. Snbdivifioiu* SoBth HoUand North Holland 'yearn I/skmuid Chief Towat. 'Amfitritm^ B. Loa. < 4-30.N.Ltt.5a-2o. Rttttrdam Dtlft The Hagm Hatrltm Dor/ mOimftadt NatritH Gorctun iHem/dtn 'Saardam Edam Heorm ^ Entlmftn I Alkitkaer I Mnuidam X^Parmtrent iTixtl I FiUe {^Scitllitig fSriel Htl'voetjlwfs W Goret Semtrdyke Burg Two Villagei oi^jr ,Five Villages 2. Z E A L AN D. I A. iTV (fimutitf. Sabdivifions. rWbakberen Seiowm N.StveUmd S. BtviUmd ^DuyvtUuid Chief Towns, 'MiJdtt^g Flif^iig , Ttrvter Rammtkitu, y* Ztrickfit Brtwtrjhavtn Ttlm Catts Tergtts 3. FRlESz i^EtHERLANDS. m lf.S,»/Ho\Uxid 3. F R I E S LJ N Dj SobdivifioM. COcJItrgM .StvemvUeM Chief Towtti. f I DKhm \< frtrnkw I Iff HarUngm GRONINGEN. Sabaivifions. Chief ToWM. N. E. of Holland I M. •ftht Zuider Sta Gnmtign The Omiatufs OVER Sabdivifioni. fJ/tUmd j The Drmte t TvtHte W Gromiam WinfcMtm Dam. r S S E L, Chief TowQif HDivtMttr ZwoU Ctvtrdn Otmarftn. 6. GELDERLAND and ZUtPHEN. . E. ef HoUand M to two Branches, die one called the Wefitrn ScbeU, and the other QJUr ScbeU't the firl( (eparattng Flttidtrt fnm ZtaUuuU and the other mnning North by S(rgen'tp-Z$mt and afterwaids Eaft, between the lilands m BtvdaMd and Sihtv/ftit falls into the Sea a UtUe below. 5. The^tfit runs from Eaft to Weft throueh the Province of Ovtn^l, and falb in- to the Zufder Sea. Btfides ivhich, there are namberids Canals There ate few Harbours in the United Provinces ; the beft are Rttitrdam Htl- twttJlwfttVcA. Flnfinn^ ; as to Amfttriamt tho*. it be one of the sreateft Ports in fMrau^ it n fitnate on fo (hallow Water, that loaded Ships cannot enter It. Air.\ The Air of thefe Provinces is very thick and foggy, aniil It is purified by the Froft in Winter, when the Eaft Wind ufualfy fetsin for about four Months; then their Harbours are frosen up, which is a Diladvantage to their Foreign Traftic, but very neceflhry for their Health. The Winter is much colder than with us, who lie under the fame Parallel, yet their Summers are hotter. The Moifture of the Air caufes Metals to ruft, and Wood to mould, more than in any other Country ; which is the Realbn of their perpetual Rubbing and Sdoarin^, and the Brightnefi and Cleanlinefs in their Houfef, (o much taken Notice of. The neighbouring Sea, Salt- Marihes, and Bogs, occalion this Country to be ytxy unheal^ful inSprilvg and Autumn. Their Difeaies are chiefly the Scurvy and Sut, and they feldom efcape malignant Fevers in dry Summers; an Man is icldom known in tliis Country ; both Men and Women fooii rrow corpulent, and perhaps Ihorten their Lives by Spirituous Liquors : \notber Kearon of their ill Srate of Health may be their ufine no fanner of Exercife either en Horfeback or on Foot, for they go from ine Town to anothef jo a covered Boat, in which they are icarce fen- ible of any Motion. Sail and ProJuu,] As to the Soil, they h^ve made "Juiy of their Bogs good Meadows, by draining themi and their Cattle, which thtvbuy Iranin the North olf Ctnuany arid Dumerit grow to a pro- digious Bulk i thev make a great deal of good Butter and Chccfe, but f heir Country produces but Tittle ^orn : However, here is the greateft Plenty of Corn, as well as the Produce of every Country dmoft, that ii to be met with any where : The United Provinces are the gnM>4 Magazine of Eurtft\ Gpods ipsy be frequently purcbafcd here cheaper than in the Country where thev grow; though Butter Cheefe, Fifh, and Wild Fowl are all that the Country itf^If aftbrds. They have no Timber growing, and yet Plank and Materials for Building mav be purchafeq cheaper heie than any where ; they have no other Firing but Turf, moft of their CodIs they receive from Ar^/Mt/; their Turf they burn chiefly in Stoves, and a Fire is feldom feemin ^ Room. JmmahA Here ate the fame AftJmala as in EngUnJ^ their |iorfes and tx^x Cattle arc of a larger Si^<; than in any other Nation NETHERLAl^DS. i|5 tir Surttei thev have alio Wild Boan and Wolves, and Mnlntadc* of Sioriu which build and hatch on their Chinuieys, and they will not loftr them to be Mttcytd ; the Storks leave the Country about the Middle of ^gfjA with their Young, and return the Ftbrtutrf following ; TheJr Sea and River Rlh are the tkme as ours, only it is obfervabie that they have neither Herrings nor Oyfters on their Coails. MtmifaSwrtumdTrmgit.^ There is not a ManufaAure xnEimft bat is ouinaged to Advaauge here ; nor a Place in the World but they vifit with their Fleets. They have fbme Advantages in their TrafBr, which the reft of the Work! cannot rival ihem in. particularly in the ^le of the fine Spices, which they have monopolized theie hundred Years ; and in the Herring and Whale FiAierics, by which they acquire immenA; Wealth. The Rfcvolutions and memorable Events, in their Hi^ry, will be found after the Defcription of the Amfiritm KHbtrlttnit, J proceed now to enquire into the Conftitution of the Government in the United Provinces. Cvtftitutimi\ In thefe Provinces are a great Number of Republics independent of each other, united for their common Defence. Tlie States-General confift of Deputies from eveiy Province, and are ufiially about Thirty in Number; fome Provinces fend Two others more; but every Province has no more than one Voice ; and whatever Refoltttiott the Sutes-General take, mull be confirmed bv every Pro- vince, ano by every City and Republic in that Province, befoie it has the Force of a Law. The Deputies of eighteen Cities, and one Reprcientattve of the Nobility, conftitutes rhc Sutes of the Province of HtUandt dmfttr^ W!tM, and every one of thole eighteen Cities, are leparate and inde- pendent Republics. In Amftirtlmm the Legtfhtive Power is lodged \% Thirtv-iix Senators, who continue Members of the Senate fov life, and when one dies his Place is filled up by the Survivors ; th« Senate elfo eleft the Deputies to reprefent the Cities in the Province of HMand, The People had nothing to do, either in the Choice of their Reprefcntatives or their Magiilrates ; what Alteration the Con- ftitution may receive from their Ute Struggles for a Stadtholder, is but uncertain; but the Prince of Oramgt ieems to be iropo>vered cither direAIy, or by his Influence, to change both the Deputief* Magiftiates, and Ofltcers in every Province and City : He is Pre- fident in the Sutes of every Province, though he has not fo much aa a Seat or Vote in the States-General ; but bs he Influence* the Siaies of each Province to fend what Deputies he elcafei to the States- General, he has in EftcA the appointing the Perfons that Coniliiute the States-General, and may be deemed Sovereign of the United Provinces. The Stadtholders had once a very great Power ; we find one of their Sudtholders appointin|^ what Towns (hoald fend Deputies or Members to the Afiembly ot the Sutes of H»Uani\ but the Stadt* holderihip wu never Hereditary till now. It is obferved that tii# States pafs'd by the firft Stadiholdrr's elded Son, and appointed his youn]>er Son, Pfinct ManrKf, thrir Stadtholder. And at other I 4 Tinei 1^$ KBtHKRLANps. Tiinet they have fuppreired the SudtholderOiip entirely* The ^t« StadAotdcr ffillitnik Charles Henry Frizo died the I ith of Oatber 175 1, he WW born hereditary Stadtholdcr of FrieJUuiJ the ziAofJuffffi, 131 If eleftod Stadtholder of Gelderlatuf, Zutpken, and Gre*i»gtn the lata- ot J«m I735« he married y/»r« Princefs Royal of Greet Britain the 14A of March lyji, by whom he had IfTae thePrince6 Car^nt the 17!^ of February 1742, and his Son fVilliam, the prefent Stadtholder, bora the 8th oi March 174I. This hieh Office was fettled on his IITiie M*le» Md in Default thereof on his Female Iflbe ; and theif Mother the Princtis is contUtated Regent or Govcmanle, till they come of Aee refpe£Uvely; but if the Princeft marries or dies, the States are U> b« 0uafdiaa8 of the Minors. ThcieisaConncil of State, confifltng of Deputies from dte feve- tf) Provinces: To which Htiltuid fends three, GeldtrlanJ, Zealmd a^d Vtrnht two a-piece, and the Provinces of Friejland, znA. Gra- nfHgtM, each of them one. In this Council they do not vote by Por- vinces, as in the States-General, but by perfonal Voices i and every Deputy, prefides by Tarns, and the Stadtholdcr, when there is one, has, a dccifive Voice in this Council, where the Votes happen to be' e^ual. This Council calculates what Taxes or Forces will be net^- faiy for the current Year, and prepares other Matters forthcDeter^ mination of the States-General. In an Aficmbly of the States of • 5 articular Province, one diiTenting Voice prevents their comii^ to any .efolatio^. Arms.] The Arms of the feven Provinces are. Or, al40ii.GuIeft, kelding a Scymeter in one of his Paws, and a Bnndle of iisven Arrowt in the other, with this Motto, CoHterdid resparva ere/tiua, .Fnft^.l Their Forces, in Time of Peace, ufed to be about kittf thouAnd, 2^,000 whereof were in the Barrier Towns, and paid by the Revenues arifing in the Territories about thoie Towns. No Nation in £«r9/f can fit out a more formidable Fleet of Men of War than the Dutth ; they have always fo much Timber prepared for building Ships at Sardamt ard all other Materials for nggtng thtm, that the^ can build a Man of War every Day if they plew» and no N'tion IS better furnilhed with Seamen to man them. The Datth employ great Numbers of Foreigners in their Service^ e^cially Sfwifs and Siots ; they durft not truft the Government en« tirely to the Native;, while they were guilty ot fuch Oppreffions} no Government af>s more aibitrorily than the Duttlj Republia, they can put ary man to Death without bringing him to a Trial, m they have done many. In levying their Taxes, the Province of HtlLnd raiies alnioft as much as all the red, their Trade, and confcqucnily their Wealthy being equal to that of all the other Pi evinces 1 and as the City« of Amftcridm art) their £a/f-I>td.a Company uAially influence the Pro- vince of HolLnd, io UelUxd li4s a very great influence en the reft of the Provinces, ai.d in a MJ^nucr a^ ilm Pait of Sovereigns when there is no Sudtholdcr, and for th^t R^on ufoolly oppofi; the creating a Stadtholdcr. , . Tatttu] •l.M * ' irefBSR.CAJtBS. ^J7 74MM.1 The Stuet dbilfy nifr bttWeea Two and Tlut» MUHom pnwilly. by an dnoft Oitcnl ExciA, » Laad-Tax^ PdUTu ai^ Unrik'Uautf ; but every Province and CHy may^rary in4heMaaMr» and levy of their relbaAift Qoota's of TiOcoa is they Ae fit TIm Dades on Goods andMcfehandizo are eaceediaglowi HtUniiam Vindof fteePort, whkh is theSonice ^ the» vatTndfc. Thtir wcaldiieft hferchants dwiefere pay littk more towards tha^p^Mtlof theGevemmeiit, thaa the cemniOB People, TheChipiefiow ofdMi great Men, in taxing their Subjeat, gave Rift lo the laie lafcnoAioM and Alteiatioa in theiv Coaftitntioii. Perjim tmd Haiitj.] The Dutet are tall tad ftiong boik, bodi Men and Wonen have the grofleft Shapes Aat are to be net iAiktmf w^crc. or rather no Shape at all. Nnr is their Motion le6 dMiuMe* able dun their Shape; they move heafvily and aukwardly. Their Fsatures or Complexions are not to be found fault with, exd^t anoaf the Boors and Seafaring Men, who are very numerous; but theBaf nei» of their Complexion is to be afcrib'd rather to their beii^ expoftd to. the Weat^r than any Thing dfe. Their Garb is exceetmig phiia aflRpug ..'' Soru of People, except the Officers of die Amy, and lem« few c-'^i- \i tStd to follow the /Vmnfr Modes, ocherwife they dumgd their Fi >> s s raiejy as in i9« Jealeufy 1^8 NETHERLANDS. tciloary kuot ever known. Their Tempen m not aiiy eneagh far lojr* nor ainr uwfaal Str«io« of pkafint Hamoor, nor warm cnon|b ion Lunt. This indeed it fonetimct ullc'd of tmong their youDf Fdlowi, at a Thing they have heard of, bal never fcit, and as a Dii« ooarib ^mu becomes them rather than affeOi thein. Iti« very rare fcr mqr of them to be rcaUy inXove, nor do the Women feem to caro iMbfit they are or no : The Men are addiAed to Drinking, i^iidi 6fMi Uibk neceflary in this Fognr Air, for their Health ai well as tho impiovcment of their Uttderilandiogi. Divtr/l$mA The Diverfions of the l&IUnulert are Bowls, Billterdab Che&, andTeMus, as with us; bat they do not feem fomuch ad- difkd to the Games of Chance, anlefi that of Verheeven, or Trick- track reverftd ; (hooting Wild GeeTe and Ducks in Winter, and Ang- ling in Summer, make another Part of their Paftimes. In the mSft ligoiviis Seaibtt of the Year, Sledges and Skates are a great Diverfion. Bandy is another Play much us'd when the Earth is cover'd with Ice and Snow, at which they are ver^ dextrous : They feldom play for any Thing but Drink, and die Tavern where they fpend their Winnings always concludes the Diverfions of the Day. Hans nover cares to to 10 Bed without his Dofe. In Summer we fee Multitudes of People walking out of Town on the Banks of fine Canals, well {Wanted with Trees ior by the Sea Shore, or perhaps in the public Gardens ; but the End of every Walk is the Tavern, where thsy do not fail to meet with n thou&nd little Aroufements and agreeable fintertaimnents, as cool Sammer-Hotties and Grottos,excellent Wines and other iJquors, Fruit, Cakes, and reliihing Meats; and here you meet with Mafic of all iLinds, Vocal and Initrumental. Thofe Diilindions are not kept up between the Wealthy Traders and the Mechanics inHtlimittft as in other Countries. They converie pretty much upon the Level, and it it noteafy to know the i4an from the MafteT, or the Maid from her Miflrefi, fuch Liberties do they allow their Servants, who may not be ftruck or correded by them, but the Difpate moft beleft to die Magiftrate. Cmritjhitt.'] Among their Curiofides may be reckoned their Dyke^ (made to proteA them againft the Sea and Land Floods) which are leventeen BIIs thick, and yet have not been found fuffident to reiift the Torrent. Large TraOs of Land were fwallow'd up on the 5 th of Ntvimitr 3530, when the Sea overflow'd a great Part of Ztalasuf, StraJa mentions another on All SaiHti Eve in 1 568, when the Sea fweird fo high, that it broke ibme Banks, and overflow^ others, with fttch a mdden »nd unlieard of Inundation, that it covered fome Iflands of ZtiJsnJ, great Part of the Coaft of HtlUuidt and almoft all Frkfimdi was higher by a Foot than that which happened in icjp, and fwallow'd op 7s Villages} and in /rw/flsW alone deftroy'd above ao,oeo People, whofe Bodies, with thofe of their Catde, their Houfe< hold-Stuffv and broken Veflels, floaring upon the drowned Country, Rve tiwib that efcaped a lively Reprefentation of N$a*% Deluge, any People getting up to the Tops of Trees and rifing GrooMs, were io Danger of being famiih'd, uU they were brought vff in Boau NEfNERLANDS. W39 ^ dM Que of dM Magiftntct. Thcjr failb'd likewift modk kvw InoBclation ia i6cci Mt more bjr one in Nmumiir i66ct irakii drove IB iImSm imui ibch incrediUc Viotences betwen die fWaad the HeUkr, diet it carried Part of die Village of Htg/ilKymm mite mmn and laid all theCotatrr betwen IFStm^ and ZHkaader Water; the Dyke near Amr was broke in two Placies; the Water oum to the Gates o£ MtHtmUitkt ovcrflow'd many Villagei, and of a Udte tara'd a large TraA of the Coontnr into a contwoed Sea, which de- ftroved mudi Peo|rfe and Catde. The Dyke of MiffdnAmri was aU» hrolce down'; fo that all die Country roond Nstrdm, mifdf, and tfyfijfl^, as fiur as L$rem in Gtjfltauit and Bdnsrm in the Province of Utrtchtt was nitder Water. The Gates and Ramparts of Natrdm vitK ruined; and that ftrotajg; Rampart of Stone call'd the Als's Back, built to repel the Waves, was hurned away, leaving a Hole where il flood of 36 Foot deep, tn .iSni/ftr/Mi, the AiroMv DyJce, with dw Street upon it, and the ndg^bouring Market-Plaoe, was ^uite over- flowM. The Dyke betwixt Aujltrdim and Umtrlem was broke in tho Middle ht 30 or 4oIU)ds, 6i that there wu about 33 Foot Water Ui thofe Parts. Thero were many other Dykes had the fiune Fate ; tho Country in manv Phwes, and pardcularly a great Part of Jt^atiT'Laad, was entirely fwulow'd up. Lai^umM, Their Language is a Dialeft of the HifA-Dutek or €mnMm, but FrtiuA is generally fpoken by the better Sort. Tho Lord's Prayer in Dtiteb is as follows: Oa/t Vtdtr, die in it bm^n : luit uvotM tt0tm wtrdi giiejr/ij[it : wufkonimchjt tb kmt: mvtHvoUk i*/cbitde ttljtk im dt* btml mfi* Mek tf dem atrdtm : tiu dtgeiickt tnut g*tf tms btdn: imlt vtrftifi »m/t /tbuUn gtljti neb may vtrgtvnmfi JcbMUamrn 1 ndt «m Upt ttu mit in vtr/Hr ktHgtHuur mrtofi au wm dm bo$fim. Amen. ReHgiM.] The eflabliflied Religion in HtBmad is die frtfijttrim or Calvii(/ti none are admitted into any Ofice or Poft in the Government but Prtfijttrimui but all Religions and Sc£b almoft are tolerated, and have dieir refpcAive hAecdngs, or Aflemblies for Religious Worlhip, amon^ which none are more numerous than the P*fijlt, BjAtfricf.] There was formerly an Archbifhoprie at Utrtcbi, mi die BilhODs of DeveKtHTt GruumgtH, MidJItharr, Httrlim, MJoALnumrdtm^ were his Suiftagans, and there may be fome Titular Ptfijfb fiifliops Hil!, ^ut they have no Audiority in this Cbuntiy. UMivtr/ftitt.] There are feveral Univeriitics, one at £m/m, ano- ther at Uirtibtt which are the Chief; but none of die Students thera wear anv diftingoifliing HaWt, or live in Colleges, bnt board in Tow» where they pleafe. Gendemen of the Difl*enting or Repoblkan Strain^ often fend theli Sons from £«//aW to thek Univeritties for Education, though there are no Exhibidoas or Piefermenu to be expeAed here. It IS computed there are about aooo Studenu in die Uaiverfity of Uirtebt: Prantktr, Gromnttn, and Hardtrwid, are inconfideriblo Univerfttjes. ' tUTCH \ »4P NMTUERLANVSy DUTCH GoliCmm. DUTCHSiLwtCfnM. t. V. /. • f s e e o o o o 5 4 5 f $ 3 Ducat of fftSaiul DiKitMtl pf HoWuid Patagot), or lUx-dbllar of Ut^oiul , ■ i , T)ie Gaitder Pifce (rf^ Hottand, or 6o Sdvert —i-.— The Oufldcr Florin, or Pkee of 20 Stivers ■ The Teti Shaiing Piec&of ZmImJ, or Piece of 60 Stivers The Lion Dbllar of »/U/ ,. . , v 1 _ ^ , The Schelline it a bafe Coin sot worth a Peanyf bat goes ftr Sixpence. DUTCH Co^^. An Orke the fearth Part of ^ Stiver, or Peony^ ThcRevotations will be.liMind in the Deferiptioft of^jMJMtm KttbtrioMds. "^ Ai^HanzneL French Nl^THERLANDS. Provinces. ChiefTowns. CBruJTtb, B. Lon. 4. Deg. 6. Mi*** N.Lat. 1. BrmtoMt 3. Antnverp 5. Mtlines 4. Limiarr -^ e. Imxtmfurg 6. Ninuir 7. Hainauh 8. Ctmhnjv 9. ArtM ^ : T- 10. FloMders —' i> .50. in the Middle Antiuerp Muhlin Limburgf E. ^ < Luxcmhurgt S. E Kamur^ b. M0///, in the Middle. Cambra^ S. W. Arratt S. W. G^«/, N. £;i/^;// W Situation of the Auflrian W FrcncK NETHERLANDS, Between Betwtoi f too Miles in Length. < and VE. Lon. I C 7 3 I > Being j j aud V N.Lat. I i3oMilesi in Breadth. SwidarUs.^ Tl OtJNDED by the United Provinces, on the North ; JI3 ^y (ttriftanj^ Eaft; by Lcrmim, CbamfmigiHt and Unriy in Trantt^ bouth i and by another Part of Pittardy, and the Englijb Sea, Weft. y • T t" • I. Province IfBSNEKLANDSs t. Dutch feiabant I ¥ * I t, AnftnttBiibMit 1|: L Chief 'fowns. BoiJkJue Btrgtti'tp-Kotm . Matftritht^ S. E. « Grofvt, N. E. \\Stt€»hirpn J^J^.^* BruJUkUy E. Lon. 4 Deg. 6 Nfia. 3. fi»£«n^iV > in the Middle; 2. AI^rWERV, and, 3. MA LINES, are Provinces irtdej)eridenc of BraBanf, though fbrrounded by it, and fubjeA to the Houfe of Auftria, 4. Province of L / Af 5 t/i{ G, E. ChiefTonriii^ HLimhwrg, E. Lon. 6-.^. N. £tt. 50-37. fubjeft to ^^Jria. ?'^'' . 7fubj€a to Fauquement, or V ^. -v # 5. Pmtincc LVXEMBVRG, S. E. Sabdivifionn ' '^ ., ChiejfTowi;^, . A..A^.. 1 n«*«.k«M. I! i Luxemburg, E- Lon. 6--8. Auilmii LuxvnboiY ^ |. N. Lst 49-45. ...a French Loxettbofg I ThienvilU " "I S.E. /* .i^ 6. Province of N AMUR, in the Middle,, fubjedt tp Ai^rta, Chief Towitt HNamir,, on the f«M^# and Marji, £. Lon. 4-50, N. Lai. 50-30. Chturkry on the Samirt, 7. Province f4» NETHERLANDS. SabdivifioBi. Chief Towns. AnSdw Huoiiilt -^ *^ Tkwdk HainMlt 'Muu, E. Lon. 3~33.1 N. Lat. sor-34. Iltt die i«r/i» f IliiMle MMtMCMM $. Province of CAMB RESIS^ S. W. Chief TowBi. ^ ^Cmmtrmf, B. of >T«f» E. Loa4 Ai^MFkanee [fiW. HCmiiArmf, E. of >T«f»E. 3--15.N. Lat 00-15. CrvvfMwr, S. of Csar^nif. 9. Province of ART O IS, S. W. CUfefToirai. £i^i»FnBce 'iirtff S. W. on die Sempt, E. Lon. 2-co. N. Lat co-so. Si. Omtr, E. of BmApi, ' Aif*t S. of St. Ofmr. St.FlaumttE^oi jSrt. Btthme, S. B. of iAW. TWvvMr, S. of $u Omtr, to. Proyinceof Fir yfiVD£je^. . Sttbdivifioni. ChicfTow«i. Ontdi FlaHdm — H^%/. N. A^f, N. S4U 'wm GAtKt, N. AoarfMiFlaadcn 'GAiMt, on die &.(«£/, E. Lon. 3~36.N. Lat. 51'. Brurts "I 0/W VN.W.neardicSea. Nfuifort J K Oiutnuu'/oii die ^idUl SSS Jondiel/. r/r«/, N. of £i)&. o I TWiMjr an!dM &^iUl (.AfMMn on die Lit, Snbdiviiioa*. ft. flf French Ffattdm NETHERLANDS. h2 Snbdhifioai. Chief Towi»« fhaikirk ««ilr, and 13. Demderi with Abondaace of extoifiwv Canals, particularW thoieof JSfn^/r, Gi«if, and Q/feW. The moft confiderable of thefe kivers, into whidi the reft 611 ire the Mm^ and die ScMd. The M^ riles in Smrguufy, and mas North through il«rraf» and Cbm^aiiHt into ^t hlttbtrUaJs i having pafii^ by fir^AMr, ^iJIm, and Dimatit^ it receives the Samhn^ iat.V«MKr«, then runs N. E. by £<>^, Ma/lriebt, Feidt, wadGrmvti land having joiaed the WaU, discharges itfelf into the S«i oppofiie to \Bm^aad, The SibeU^ rifihg on die Confines tiiPicmif ransN. B. byCMMJrfljp; JTtimamtmt CiuktTMmi»f, and OmdttmrJ, receiving the Ui at GbtUp Uad continues ia Coorfe from thence, as mentioned in the United I Provinces. Air.\ The Air of the Jbtfirima and Trtncb NetbtrUaub u geaenOy luch better than that of the United Provinces, except it be on the IfiS Fkmdtn 9xA Braiaatt which is as anbealthy as any Part of Mem/. Their Winten are ufmdiy more fevere than oars, but d^i ithey have more conftant fetded Weather, both in Winter and Summer [inne Iidaad Part of the Cbuntiy, than we enjoy here. Stil 4uii Prmbut.l The Soil of diis Country is very diflienmc, !« libme Parts a.deep rich Mould, in others a barren Sand{ in the former [are Ime Com Fields, Pufture- Grounds, and Plenty of Foreft aad Pmit-'nees ; and that which was formerly efteemed a barren Soil, b I equal, if not pieferable to die former at preient, as ic produces dM I heft Flax. Mtuufmamru arndTrmSeJl Their principal ManufiiAofet coafiftof fineLawn^ Cambric, Lace, and Tapeftry, widi which they cany oa I a very advantageous Traffic, efpecialfy wirii £«p/m/, firom whence it lis compatcd diqr ifceivt ■ Bilancf of half a MiUiMi aniaally In TbM hf Peace. t44 N$TnERLd.NDS. Grvernmm.'] The Empreis-Queen is Sovereiga of diefe Provlnon a and in her, or her Viccroyi «nd^ the CoBvention of the Eftates of thie •c^p^vePiovinces, it the Le^iflative Power in each lodged. Hei« new Laws are Enacted, and by thdr Aflent alone is Money kvied» and the whole Afliembly nraft be udammous in the paffing ^ in AA. The Aflembly, or Parliament of each Province, conTiits, i. Of the .Biihops, Abbots, and. dignified Clergy. 2. The Nobility and Gentry. M^ 3- The l)epudes or Rtprefentative of their chief T^ns. Thefe meet at Brujilj, tfkcept thofe ot Luxmburg and Gtuldirs, wlrOt by their antient Privileges, cannot be fummoned out of theiria^PilU^e Provinces, any more than die States of Mraituit: NeitlMSf^^do the* States of the teveral Provinces wfaicKmeet at ^njfilt,. afemtfa ja ona IjhMife, bi|i.t each of them apart, and make AiftiiiA Jaws (ha thfeir tth IpcOive Countries. •„ ,;..-.;. - ..;..; ■ u. Befide the Regent or Governor.Genenil, evory Phsfviace hath its partfeular GovttDor foi^eA.to die Rc^ati^tad ih tveiy Buovinoc ire Cearu «£ juftice eflabliibed for the Trial of Civ4 CaaAa. * £4qU^] T^e Civil aadCatiPotf Law ite ii?6tiU hert, whett tbey do notintefl^re witKt1ie>J(rt^^^ Laws of mmion of the SpaniarJsf were not fufficieOt to defray the Char|;es of ^e Civil Government, ^I mean fince the Revolt of the Seven ProviiKes) and the Decay of their Conimerce)} for vc^^ t))fir itourillung ^Suttch. vnhcnJittiverf was the Centre of Trade, t&ere was not aJBli^ilom in £«r(g»^, which yielded a larger Revenue to its Princes. But thdr Finances having been better regulated by the tmperialiifts, andtiieir Trade femethiiig revived by tJie vait DtAaad ,of laie for.dieir' fitae LinM and Xiace, they are not fo great a Bbfthen to the bupmi' lifls as ikny were to S>«r«; Howeverr it! Sliftili a <^eAiflltt» wMthcr the PuUic Revenues will maintain ihfr Charges of the GovemnMat ey«n ia Time Of Peaee> The ordiaary: Rcvcbhcs of the Gonrera- ment are either thofe arifing froo^ the Demefne Lands, i»r finttk the Coftoms. If there be an extraordinaiey Talc to be raifed, it is demand- dlofdteStatesof therefpedhe-Vroviiitis, w^ when •the Odartufu- aHy aniouin^ fo good a Correibondenee# as adi to meet with fireqaenr Denials. But the Supblies muft be macbnot* j^rtoarfoas dieieriian vddR^s* ibecaafe the.Coafeat of evary.fiaj^ Mmbtr ia mptSm to compleat the Grant. .'W fc- 1 ttettiti.] NETHERLANDS. U$ tftiitt and Gnmu.] As Co the Htbitt, Qenitirs, and Temper of Ui« FUmimgt, thole onder the /■rtnch Government, or lie near the fmeS Teiritoriei, refonUe the Frtmeh fo much that they are noc to bo diltinguilhed from them, and thoie that live in Duui Fiundtr* or Bt«» ta»t are mere Dmukmrn, CurhJitUi.} Their greateft Cario(ities are their Manufaftares of Lawn, Cambric, Lace and Tapeib-y, in which they exceed all the World. Here are fome Reman pave^ High- Ways Hill entire. _«.] At theie Countries contain a Mixture of Diathmm, 'fhiielil mi Flemings : Thofe on the Frontiers of Holland very much icfemblem Dntcb^ and fpeak the fame Language ; and the Froviocea fubjeft to ^mut ufually fpeak Fnnchy and refemble them in their Manners; the reft are a Mixture between both, and their Languag* a diiftrent Dialed of the Gtnum from that of the Dutch. Theif Lord's Prayeit runs thus ; Nm PtiVt fui tt aux cUux, Jiaulifit Jm u ni^k aivttn un n^am : ta inivUe Je fait m terrt tmt a dtmit: dmuu Mf atytrdnf m pmu qnttitUtm: tt fardonm tm M ammt m p»iMum$ net ittt btux : tt ne no indu tu tpuatwm^ miut dilivre mt dti nunm Si^ J'oit it. Amen. Religion^ The Re]i][;ion of the Ten Provinces, except that fmall Part of Brabant and Flanitrs fubjedl to the Duteht are Papifts ; but their Governors have not tliought fit to provoke the Flemings, by eftablifhing the Inquiiltion here, as Philip II. had p^ojeAcd. We meet with as little itigotry in Flanderst as in any Reman Catholic Countries. Armt.l The Arms of FUmitrs are Or, k Lion Sable, itcd languid Gules. Archbilhoprics.} Casnhraj, Maline, or Meci/Ht. Bilhoprics.j Ghent, Brugts, Anfwtrp, Jrras, Yfrts^ Tenritay, St, Omeni-Nanutrtf and Ruremotul. Univerfities.J Leuvain, Deuay, and St. Omen. C$ins.'\ TheGtrmoH, Diuch, and French Coins are current here. Revolutions and memorable Events, TH E Netherlands and that Part of Germany which lies Weft of the Rhintt was by the Romans called GaWa Bel^ka. Upon the De- cline of the ^ema« Empire, xYieGeths and other Northern People pofleiled themfelves of thefe Provinces firft, as they parted through them in their Way to France and Spain i and here they eefted feveral fmall Govern* menu, which wfere a kind of limited Monarchies ; the Nobility and Clergy forming a Grand Council under the Princr, who was iHled Duke, Marquis, Vifeount, (^«. Thefe Provinces were firft united in the Houfe of Burgundy, and afterwards in the Houfe of Jujiria, by Marriage, ConqucJt, or Com- pad. Chanet V. Emperor of Germany, smd King of Spain^ about ^ tbo ,*^ ( ■v>'- 14^ NETHERLANDS, tdM Year 1530, conftitated them one of the Ten Grdcf of the Edipiic, nnd«r the Tide of the Circle of Bt/gium ; aad he it wu that made the firft Encroachment on their Liberties, by introdudnf foreign Forcci, and patting Fordgnen into Placet of Truft aad Profit in the Adminiftration. His Son PMif II. proceeded to deprive the Statci of the feveral Provinces of their Share in the Govtrnmeat, en- deavouring to render himfelf arbitrary, which occafioned a general lafurreAioiu The Connts HeerM, Egmemt, and the Prince of Ur4u^, appearing at the Head of it, and Lutbtrh Reformation gaining Groand about the ■ fame Time, in the UitherlamdSi his Diid|diil'^W|iM die Malecontents : Whereupon King Philip introduced i^Bnl,r ■;<'»*i8''_. tSSiiim (U^ *:**:1 5^ ^«^*rr* *- T tt A k/c X^f* 'l»'V ■ - • -R*.«l » • J(»»^' 'iii ■if-mmfm^ tr* ifr-:?r ft E.A^/a ^■IRMI:.'^?JS^ ■Ey^^WH^^VflSv • 1 '^ ■PI i— M 1 *Br- w^' I A 1 ••?.'i4*«'(jKj«n.j III- k .1 -I/ J if .■■A\ ' ;M ^^^^ * ■^ jr»'-*-4 ■•■*■ ..^: r ^-1^^^ r*^' Ih^ '••^ tr YA 5%*? "»■*, » G JlTLIT ,%*i '^^^ 14' '^»frv •»v-. •^m^ttm f« 1 s^^fsHfe GSKMAK OCE.AK I A ralP* •▼^^L^^^^^k TjjI^LBj^p ^ -m ^^ • "T^^^ ' fx3 O W BLAllir^fe ^ T It A v/c ^i^JZ I ^^!^^ ^\^»»3>r'^ <>fM / AT*** 1t^[5j»BE3^^B j t • z^^ ■ ^i» w ■■> ^IB M^ ■■■ iHi n v^.^'. •-3#^ (^ "<:4 ^ nESliS1L%MHMA ''4^ tamh^t Part of FU»dir$, Part of Hainault, and Part of H^xmhtfi of wkkk riiey haire had the Domiiiion near fburfcore Years/ I ihoiiM 4iMre r^i^mbenM tfaar /»^^%». Winqis of Oramgt, fiift StadthoUer of the United Frovinces, was aflafinated by BmiMxat GtrimrJ, • A^)?, ao his Palace of 2>/^, as he (at it S|ppef^ •^ ^ C E R M\ 4 N jr. Situaiion and £itttHt, Between << ma >E. ui. Between is i" ""• J Bd«i^ 6oo Mileft ia Ltifflu .*••< j;ooMaMinQ|i|i|h, BounJaria.] 'QOUNDED by the Gtfmm%Uti Venmark, andiM Jj^ Bahitkt on the North; bv PtloMtl, Bohimatud Hungary t on the Eld; by the Jlpt and Swinuriemf, oh die Soath | and by the Territories nf Frtuut and the N$tbtrUuub» on the WeOb Grand Divifions. G£Jtilf^JNr7* if divided into nine Circles, whereof three are to the North, three in the Middle, and three in die Soith. . f Upper SaxtHjf The Northern Ciirles TheCirdeaiadieMiddlo The Soothem Circlet < Lower S4X9HJ I mftfbalia, f Upper Rbim < Ix>wer Rhini %, Frantoma, {Auftrim Bavaria Sv/aiia, i,Upp» SAXONTOrcU. DivMfNMi ; dubdivifions. Chief Towns. ttmii^M hi ( ^'^S^ Pmtrama, N. E. 1 Stttia, E. Lon. 1 41-^9, V2!3Kl^ ^ f N. Lat.ej..jo. "■•"^ l9mf0di/kP0mramiaH.'W. ySira(famf. * ia iMiiddlc,r.^///. . Sovereign State - j Jfftat '^"ia'^S; [. Imperial City. fCooBtjr of Brfmtht^ i'^bjf A to its own Count — Erfacbt Eafl. Kihoprie of ff/^^' » Sovereign State - {^^Z^^ ^l;*; "» Pvlchv of Zwtbrmggnit Dtuxfentt, fubjefl f Deuj^tiut, in die Pa- to the Duke of t>tmp0iat ~. -~ — { lat. Pbu^ of CtttuaMtgm, fubjcA to Aj^ C C4rsMw/.^f «s, on th« fff^ r-rr- .... . — I ^^•• Pivilion^ If r. Divifiiss. x; t % M A Sobdivifions. fWaldnh fd^ea to its own Cbott S»lm» fabjeA to its owa Coo&t H»naihiikh^& to UeJJi Caffd Ey/tHitrg, fubj«£|^to its own Coaat Coanties of -l 9^ ■■ ■ " ■ ■■ ■ 'ITm/ . _- fTilget^im . . llTi/ftrSerg ^^^ Abby «fFmU, fubjea to its Abbot Chief Towos. Scim Hbhmh EjfJ'atitrm Witpmpin HahtftU lif'f/ltrierg, fidt/. UrchfieUt fabit€t to Heft Cmftl . . ^ . HinbfaU. S, Lower RHINE Circk, Divifibns. Chief Towns. PaUtinate of the J^fow, <» both") f*^^**!* on t^t Ntckar, Sides that River, fubicft to the W 5iT*'i* 8-40- N. Lat. 49-20. £lea» PmLUbm. \ \ PbihfMg' MuMbtim, and fr I > roilifJlMrg, J (. Atiufal on tilt Rbim. Archbfflkwrks Eleftoratcs of rCsZf;^ log fCehi, on the iWi«f, E. Lon. I -fig I 0^-40. N. Lat. 50~5o. 1:^^.2 I /tuiitrgt on the Maitu J lis 2 L7V»«-/,ontheAfj^//r. Trier t Biihoprie of fflmmt • Sovereign f Iferm, on the iBfrisr, an Im Sute — — \ periatCity. Dutchy of Simmeren, fubjeft tO its ~ owa Doke uren, fubjeft tO its f Simmtrtti* f khhugNnMjkiit I Mtuttt fiibjea (o ffw^tf Counties of -< '''^'* '"''J*^ " theEleftor rauuint Spanbtim — " — •>. .i. rHkiMgrave/hia J felHtHtt j I CremiKmiei e. FRANCONIA Circk. .. , ]>ivifions. Chief Towns. BUhoprics ^ IfXf'^''^^:!^ Marq«i(ate.offt.'fEaa If^'^S:^^- jf*'^'^'' . ^ \0«>irA, S. /fp««>veMargr»ve.J'|^ Principality of Htmuburgh^ U. .— — ■ civ Ot^paeh, t&Hnbargt, Diviikmi. f|i U £ R Jtf if iw r Divifions. Chief T^4:. fiibjea to I ^^^ S.B.iiWftt. itiown Arehbilhop — — i ^ •» SabdivifioBt. A B 1 A Dutch; Chief Towni. ^ SttugartU E. Lon. 9. 7 On or ^Bearth« Hmiirm \ Ntekmr, On or thp qwnjsunop j^ near the i!)«i«^. T«ri»., of W., . S«»dg. S»« {"tpSUci.^ " QiQiopric of Cenftmeet fub. tp its own C Cmfitmet, on the Like of ^ Bilhop under the Hooie of Auftria \ Ctnftmet. Prind- rMinddheh^ "X Snbjed to their fMf»ir/ifi^M, S. of il^|/wy, piilities< Furfitmburg V refpeAive of [^hkhenzoUfm J Princes fOtting — — Counttes of •{ Kumngfiek XjithturUbhmrg r Kempum (Furfttmtmrgt S. mbiHxeUirHt S. UOr/Mf^, Eaft ^ Abbie« of J Biubofw J LimJatu Komngfickt Soudi Eaft J L^^MW"^* North C^«/;/A»rf, Sooth Eaft XLiti^mrgt North r KemfttHf on die //&»• 1 Bucbmut S. of the Dmk/^ I Lindmwt on the Lake of I. CaitJlaMce, Imperial Cities. CNmrMtHgent North of the Imperial Cities, or Sovardgn Sutes •— < Mmmngbnt Eaft I Rttvitlt on the NUkMr, and C. many more. die Houfeof< Mar^oiute of Burgaw -^Bmrgrnvt Eaft. JIfMMta/W.] ^S4 G n R M J N f: Mounts^.'] The principal Mountaiot are thoie of the J^tt in tb* South, which divide Gtrmatty ffom Italy. River S.I The Daimiet or Donaut fo caHed from the Swiftnefi and Foifie of the Current, and by the Andents fometimes IJIktr, rifes In the Black Foreft, in the South Weft Part of SiAfoiia, runs North Eaft, through Stuaiia and Bavaria, to Ratijicn, then almoft due £aft to f^ieana, and then, dividing Huwary in two Parii, runs SoutK Eaft to Btfgrade in Strviat and froM thence running Eaft, through Tttriy, falls into the Euxim or Black S«m by feveral Channels ; being '%> wide and deep from Fienna to Behredt, that Fleets of Men of War lUve engaged upon it in the late Wars between the Ghriftiana and the Turks. The Rivers which fall into the Danube on the Sonth-Side are, the lUtr^ or J/er, which joins it at Uhu ; the Lteb. r/hich paffi» by Angjbtrrgt juad falls into the Dmnuhe near Deuarw&t ; another I/ar, which paf- ^ng by Sfunicb and Landjhint, falls into it oppofite to Deckenskrfi the /»», which nfes in Sivttzerla/tJt pafTes by I>f/pruck, and falls into the Danube at Paffaw ; the £«f, which falls into it at the Town of Mns ; the Dravtf a large nairigable River, which falls into the Da- nube at Ej^tki the Savtt^ which falls into it at BelgraJei and the Meratimi wKicH runs frott South to North through Serviet, and falls into the Danstbt at Semttidria. Tll«, ^teri which AH into Hie Danube on the North are, thtf Jlegett, which joins it at RaUJhon ; the iVd^, which runs from (jorth to South)i through the Palatinate of Baverim^ and Hills into the Dmmuh alfo near Ration t the 7J(#k{^, which riling in the North of Aiw** ^ogr, falls into the Danuje oppofite to Salaakamen; the Jlauta, which in Part divides Ck*iften4om .from Tar^y on. the Eaft, and falls into the Daastbe between WiMk and Nicepolis\ the Prutb^ which rifea in the North of Moldavia, and running South* ialls into the Danube, on the EaiVof Bulgaria. There are feveral Cat»aAs in the Danube, and fome uqpai&ble in tfatt'Part which runs through Turfy, which interrupt 4he Navigation to the Black Sea. The Danube runs a Courfe of a thoufaud Miles, br thereabouts, comprditinding all its ittHnding^. The Bb/ne xifes in the (Srr^ Country, and runs North, to the l^e of Cotf/fance, then Welt, to Bafil, afterward North, between Stuabia and Jl/ace, thea throf the Palatinate and EleQorate of C»l«gn, and entering the VetherUmis, is divided into feveral Sraiches, as re« lated already in the Defcripti<|n of the Hetberlanis. The Rivers which fall intt> the Rhine are, the Neckar, which runs from South to North, through ^itiabia, and fells into the Rhine at Membtim in the Palatinate; tie Maine, which runs from Eaft to Weft, and falls into the Rbitse at tSautt\ the Lbon, which runs from Eaft to Weft, and' falls into the Biim below Najfau ; the Reer, which runs frort Baft to Weft, through Uyifibalim, and fells into the Rhine at Duyjburt ; the Lippe, whidi runs parallel to the Reer, and falls into the Rhim at IVe/ei. TUaEdt, which rifes in the Confines of Si/e/a, runs North Weft, through Eoiimia, Sa.xevy, and Biant/iuburg, and then dividiog the King C B R At jf i^ r. t55 ing Xiaf of Gr$0t-Mritmiifs Ctrmam Dominions from HolJIetH, fsJIs int» the GtrmoH Sea about ftventv Miles below Hamiurgi receiving in iu Fafliwe ibe MtJdmL-^ wbioi ftUs into it below Prague ; tlie SiJ», which falls into it below Dejftu ; the Havelt which falls into the ■Ett* at Hafvtlfinrg \ and the Elmtuut which falls into it above The ^/rv/, which runs from South to North, thro* Saxttiy and Braw- dttdmrgbt paffing by BerUn, falls into the Havel near Pot/Ja-. The OJer runs from South to North, through Silefia and Branitn' hurgbt and then, pafling by Stetin^ divides Eaftem from Wellem Pomt- ratiiat and falls into the Bahick between the IHands of UjitUm and WolllM. The Pent runs from Weft to Eaft, dividing S-wediJh from PryJJum Pomerani*, and falls into the Bahick oppoAte to U/edom. The IVe/er, rifing in Heji, runs North, receiving the Aller at Ferde/i; then pafilng by Bremen, falls into the Gernutn Sea below Carlftet. The £t»r rifes near Mnnfter^ and running North, through Weftpb*' Uoy falls into the German Sea below Embden. The MofelU, rifing in Lorrain, runs North Eaft, by Treves, fallin| into the ^i&/»« at Cpblents, receiving the Jfetr at Rcermonde. The Stfor, rifing in terrain, runs North Weft, and falls into the Mo/eUeztTrien. Air."] The Air, ii| a Country of k large an Extent as Germany, It verv different : In the North it is exceeding cold, but in the Middle, and towards the Souths it is temperate. The moft ferene aod fettled Weather, both in Winter and Summer, is in the Middle of the Coun- Xry, at a Diftance from the Sea, and from the Mountains of the Jlps. Sett and Produce."] The Soil in the North is generally barren, producing bnt little Corn or Fruit. The Countries bordering on the Jlbine pr^uce Plenty of Corn and Wine, as do ih afe upon the Nukar and the Danube. .. . -f Manufailures.] The Germans are allowed to be excellent Me- chanics and Chymifts. The Art of Printing is faid to be au In- vention of theirs, but the Dutch difpute this Point with them ; how- ever it wa^ pradljfed in both Countries much about the fame Time, viz. in 1450, at Mcntx, by Jchn Fauft. Gunpowder, and the Ufe of Guns, is allowed to be the Invention of Bartbeld Sch^warts, a Fram- (ij'canYras, about the Year 1330. Their Artificers at Nurtmburg, and fome other. Cities, are faid to excel all Europe in their Manufaftures of Sleel, Iron, Brafs, Wood, Alabafter, fcff . felling their Goods extremely cheap : And no Pbce |s more famous for Clockwork, Guns, and Locks of all Kinds. Their making Tin-plates, or white Iron, was peculiar to the Gtr- mans ; but thefe Plates are now tinn*d and manufaAured in GreaU Britain, particularly in IFalts. They have alfo grett Plantations of j^lax and Hemp, and make a great deal of Linoen, which die En- «5« G E R M A N r,^ ghjb, as well as other Nations, take off their Handa. THey hav* gjtod Iron and Copper Mineii, and feme of SUver. Trajle.} Their Exportation confifts chiefly of Linnen, Skins* Iron, Brafs, and Toy!>t thefe nre fent Abroad chiefly by the JHnKft the £/^e, and the li'efir. They export aifo great Quantittes of XJbemJh Wine, Bacon, fieer, and Mtim : And we have an Aft for unportirg Timber from the King*s German Dominions. The Frentb leceive a great Number of Horfes fiom Germany to remount theii* Cavalry. In lieu of their Exports, they receive the Produce and Manufactures of ether Nations ; particularly they receive fom En- gUmi our Woollen Marafafturts, Tobacco, Sugar, Ginger, EaJI- J«diafi Gfjoh, Tin, and Lead; but feveral Sorts of our Woolied Manufadares have been prohibited by fome of the Gtrman Princes, and others huve prohibited all of them ; which makes the Balance of Trade with Gtrmany to be againft us 500,000/. annually, according to Gte. . Cenfiittttion.'] The Emperor is a limited Monarch* in Renrd to the Empire, though he i!> an abfolute Sovereign in moA of his here* ditary Dominioiu ; and extry Prince of the Empire alio is arbitrary, or under very few Reliri£lions, in bis Germuim Territories. The Imperial Cities alfo are Soveieign Sutes, and the Ha/is Towns were Imperial Cicies and Port 1 owns, fituate on the Baltic and Germam Seas, whick entered into a Confederacy for the Promotion of Trade, and had great Part of the Traflic of Europe in their Hands. In every Nation they had their Faftories ; in London they refldcd in the StiU-TarJ, or rather Steel- Tard, (o called from the Steel and Iit>n, that thefe Merchants imported from the Baltic. The Title of the Etnperor.'] The late Emperors of the AuJIri^ Fanily, having large hereditary Dominions,, enumerated all of them in their Titles. Umrles VI. was ftiled Emperor of the Romanst al- way!> Auguft King oi Bolnmia and Hungary, Archduke of Aujlria, Sec. but the prefent Emprefs inheriting thofe Countries, her Coafort en- joys only the Title of Emperor of the Romans^ Duke of Lorrain and Tu/cany, Arms ] A Shield crefled with an Imperial Crown doled, and raifed Tike a Mitre ; hai ing, between the two Points, a Diadem furmounted with a Globe and Crof , Or ; the Shield, environed with a Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece, is placed on the Breaft of an E^le, displayed Sable, membered Or, and beaked Gules, holding a naked Swo a in the right Talon, and a Scepter in the left ; the two Headd Signifying the Ealiern and Wedern Empires, and for the Motto, Pax {5 Salus Europe. Noiility.} The Frentbt in Imitation of the Romemst reduced all Cermaty into Provinces, over which they placed fo vazny Dueet or Dukes, whom they intruded both with the Civil and Military Power. To thefe Dukes, according to Dr. N.ckol/on, they fometiroes added Aflit, Cravait or fimple Count, fo fliled fiom fomc fmall CaAlc, or IVr- ritory, of which they are Lords. 2. Counts Palatine, called P/a//x CravtHt or Palfgrave, are fuch as have a certain Eminence in their Dignity, from the Relation they bear to the Eiiipe:or's Court or Palace ; for Palatinm fignifies an Officer of the Houfliold : And thia Title is ei;her originally Feudal, and annexed to the Name of fome Territory with fuch Jur« Imptrii li Majt/imist as other ordi- nary Princes of the Empire want, as in the Title of the Counts Palatine of the Rhine ; or merely perfonal, without the Addition of any particular Tetritory appropriated to him that hath the Dignity; Of the firft Kind, was that great Officer in the Kingdom of tiie Frmh (long before it was converted into an Empire) ca'led C«*wjr Paletii, or Count Palatine, who was Vicr^erent to the Ki. g, as the Prafttii Pr0ierh were to the old ^«m0» ^mpe ors : And the Reaibn the Title of Palatine was conferred on the Governors rf Provinces remote from the Court ferms to be, that thefe Governors Wfre in- verted with all the Royalties, and Jura Impirlit in their refpeflive Provinces, as the Counts Palatine enjoyed a: Court, beiog fo manj Viceroys in their particular Territories. 3. Counts of the Empi<-e, which were originally fo made by Patent, as the Lord /rundel of Wardour was in the Reign of Queen EUxabetb^ by the Emperor Rodclph \\. in Confideration of h.s Service!^, whereby he obtained a Seat in the Imperial Diets, the Privileges of purchaHng in the Em- pire, and to be exempt from all Judicatures, but that of the Impe- rial Chamber. 4. Marcgraves, or Marquifles, Counts of the Fror> tiers, fo ftiled from the Word Marken, or Maquis, which fignifies the utmoft Marks or Limits of the Empire, or Kingdom. 5. Land- graves, or Counts of Provinces, who have the fupreme Government of fome particular Didri^. And, 6. Bagravcs, or Counts of great Towns or FortrefTes ; Burg in the Hlgb-Dutcb fignifying a CafUe or Fort. The next Degree of Nobility to tbefe Counts or Paris is that of Freyherrn, or Barons. The Word Frechc n fignifes Free Lo:ds, fuch as are not Tenants, or hold of any fupcrior Lord ; and though fome- t mes it fignifies no more than Laird in Scotland, or Lord of the Manor; yet ufually this Title is given only to fuch as hold conf:de able Terri- tories and JurifdiAions of the Empercr; and fome Gaman Lawyers and Heralds maintain, that a Baron, or Froyhern, d^fft r only from a Grave or Count in Name and Title, but is the fume Thing in Dignity and Jarifdiftion. Mffoldiis, a Gtrman Writer, fays, a Baron is cq-jal to a Connt, only the former is ceremonioufly invelled in lus Territoriei), and the other isjiou I The *58 G E R M J H r. The Knights of the Empire, befides thofe of the ttuitme Oftler {who 9*6 at this Day of little Repote) are the dubbed Knights, whogi the Enperor, like other Princes, creates, by ftriking them lightly ok 4he Shoulders with j naked Sword, a^p iaying to aich of than, Efi$ l&ki Dei li Sam^i SuphoMu Ktiigbi$.'] There is a Branch of the Knights of Malta io the Em* peror's hereditary Dominions, who havip Polledioas in Bobemim^ A»- jfiriot Srlefia, and Tyrol. The Emprefs Dowaeer EUonora, in i66a, founded two Orders of Ladies, who are a Sort ofKnights : The firft is called the Order of the Slaves of Virtue, becaufe they profefs a mote fevere Virtue than others. They are thirty in Number, part Proteftaats and part Papiils. Their Badge is a Golden Medal, repreieating a Sua cncompafled with a Laurel Garland and their Motto, Sola uhiqut trium- f'bat. The Emprefs is great Mifireis of the Order. The lecomi is, that of the united Cro(s-Bearerp, founded by the fame Emprefs in ■663 ; becaufe, when the Palace was burnt, a golden Crucifix, in-which they pretend there's a Piece of the Crcfs, was found in the Ruins aii> touched by the Flames. They are all Papifts, and wear on their kft Side a four cornered Crofs, fafisned to a black Ribbon, at the End of which there's a fparkling Star ; in the Middle there are two wood< tice, coin Money, raife Forces, and enter into Alliances and Confcdo* nicies for their Defence. They have alfo their Seats in the Diet, as has been obferved, only acknowledging the Emperor for their Supreme Lord, and contributing their Share towards the common Defence of their CottAtry. « G E R M J N r. ^S9 :effiuea, nmentt inde- Dperial. on th0 wealthy Pfivi- nortof cift all ofjuf. ~|iet, as |prenM f&rwJl fitcn.'] There is a Matricalation Book, or Re|if er, kept by the BleAor of iM'M's* Oiancellor of the Empire, containtug the Names of •U the Princes and Sutes who are Members of the Empire, with the Tine of their Inveftiture ; the Forces and Treafures every one is obliged to contribute for the Defence or Support of it. Here alfo are entered the Admiflion of all Perfons to Honours or Offices in the Empire, which is called a Matriculation, and gives them the Pofieifion of their EAatea and Dignities. Sy this Matricula every Circlt luat at firjl Miff J to corrtrihute tit fiUmmnj^ ForcUt or a Sum of Money /« Liek of the/Mf viz. TheCirde The Circle TheCirde TheCirde The Cirde The Circle The Circle The Circle llie Circle TheCirde of Jujlria — — of Bavaria *- — of Franeonia • of Vpftr Saxony — of Lower Saxony — of Sivahia — — of the Upper Rhine of the Lower Rbtnt of Wtftphalia of Burgundy — — Total Horfe. Foot. Florins. >74 097 57H *3« ICOO 6934 2+9 1219 8100 278 1167 7972 32«i »053i 8992 341 2100^ 12623 433 1950 12280 1901 885I 5828 309 2019 8964 180 831 5484 2707 \%\ttion, where any Prince or Member refufes to comply with riicir Refolutions. The States of each Circle, bcfidee • General, (who is ufually their Direflor) eleft five Licatcaantr to \ i6o G E R M A N r. «Sft hiitt* or fupply his Place in his Ablencc. They chafe «lft a Treafarert a Receiver, and a Secretary, for the Service of eadi Circle. When all the Circlet meet, it is called a General Aflfafi* Uy ; but ufuallv the Circles which lie neareft together, meet every Year, fitrni whence they are called the Correfponding; Circles, of whidi there are three Clafles, vik. i. The Upper Rbim, Lower Jtbimit and Weftphalia. 2. The Upper and Lmuer Saxonf. And, 3. FratKoma, Snvaiia and Aufiria. That of Upper Saxttrf afl'emble* ufuallv at Leipfick ; that of Franconia at Nuremberg^ and that of SweAia at Ulm. They treat of the Regulation of their Coin, the Pobltc Peace, their Treafure, Magazines, Fortifications, and Conunerc«^ reftifying the Matricula, putting the Decrees of the Empire in Exe- cution, and appointing Judges of the Imperial Chamber at Wetzim^ or Spire, and of the Aulic Council at Fienna, and have a Power of enaAing Laws which a:e not inconfillent with the Conftitution of the Empire. As to the Forces which the fcveral Princes of the Empire are able to maintain and pay, the Author of the Aila$ Hifiorifue leems to have made a very moderate Calculation. Beginning with the EcclefiaiHcal Princes, he fuppoft;S that The Eledor of MentTS may maintain - — 600O The Ele^or of Triers -_ ..— _— _. — 6000 The Eleflor of Cohgn — — 6000 The BiHiop of Munpr — — —— _- — 8000 The Bifhop of Liege ——. ^— — — 8000 The Archbilhop ofSalfthurg — — — 8000 The Bifhop of Ifirtzhurg - -^.— . 2000 The Bifhop of Bamhurg ■ I — — . cooo The bilhop of Paderhm ._— _ ■ __ _ 3000 TiiC Bifhop of Oj'ttahrug ■ .._—___ 2CO0 The Abbot of FuUa _— - , -._ 6000 The other Bifhoprics of the Empire ■ — 6000 The Abbies and Provoftfhtps of the Empire — «- 8000 Total of the Ecclefiaflie^ Princes \ other Dominions The Emperor for Hun^^nty — — Koi Bohftnia, Si/ejta, and Moravia For Aujirittt .ind his 1 The King of P, >£!n — The Ele^lor of Saxony The Elcdtor Palatine — The Duke of H'irtemhurg The Landgrave oi Hr/e Cajftl The Prince of Bntfrn — The KieAor of llancvfr The Duke of Heljf.in - The Duke of MickUnburg The Princes of Axhalt The iVince oi La ^'J4uhurg 2^ 00 30000 30000 30000 40000 25000 15000 15000 15000 10000 30000 1 2000 15000 6000 6coo The e alio a »f well Affeiii* «t every rdes <« , Levttf Ana, 3- afl'emblet f Swukia ic Poblic ominercCf e in Exe- : fTetzUe'f Power of ion of the re we »We ms to have ,cclefiaftical — 74SOQ 30000 30000 30000 400CO 25000 15000 15000 15000 10000 30000 12000 15000 6000 6000 The G E R M A tr f\ •he tkOor of Bawu^ia — -:. — The Dukes of Savtj -^ — . — 1 ^ Tke Princes of iVij^« — —;.—;.« Tfce other JWnces and IitipQ^al Towns — -- TheSecolar Priiices -:- -i - The£cdefiafticalPriacif« — |biD6# tO(90« loooa t a Figure Abroad, there is no Doubt they are much happier nt *i jmri They have more Liberty and live in greater Plenty than the >V.r ^. Few of the Territories of the German P.inces and States ^rc h large as to be afligned to Viceroysi to be opjprefled and fleeced at [' 1 k/ure : Nor are they without Redrefs when they Aiffer any Grievance ; thev iray ap< peal to the General Diet^ or GreatCouncils of the Empire, for Relief: Whereas in Fretn^ the Lives and Fortunes of the SubJe£U are entirely at tke Difpofid of the Grand MoiiMcll' The Gtrmemt itt eftee i ti« dKW H vl "'as'they were formerfyj an honeft, hofpitable People, and they inay be naturally fo ; and no Wonder if they are pretty free and open when they have eatdn and drank picntiful- ly. Men arc uflially off their Guard at fitch Tim?j, and frank'y com- municate their Thoughts^ which may pnfTibly be looked Upon ts the I Overiiowinti; of an honeft Heart ; but wife Men will not recommend I fuch Excefli»i:jt in 'Vttjwunngjondtrn trl^^i unt 'won v$lnl. Aroco* , i RtHgif i b E k M A if r. Hi keSpoi.] The fimpire n pretty eqaallf iWided bett^-^en A^i ind Prtttftttai ; mofi of the Pnteftanti are LmtberOHtt aa in Pemtrd^ «y«, MicilentMrff M/ttitit Brandtntiirgi, and &Mwg*; vf«/?r/« and Bmvarim it generilly Papifti-i the Htjfians are Cmh/imftt, at the l^pfe arc alib. in tue South of Frannma ; the reft, v<«. m StimSiMt tTtflfbrnli^ and the Lower ^Aiw, are a Mixtare of all thofc. Th« Lmtitrtmt and CalviAi/h wilt not allow of a Toleration to one anothr% where they are in Power. The King of Prujpa and his Court are Calvinifist thotfgh his Sabjeds are generally Luthtrans ; and the Elefhst •f Saxo/t^t who is King of PolanJ, chofe to profefs himfelf a Pafifit in order to his being elected King, bat his Saxoi Siibjeds are aoft of them LutBerans. Archbiihoprics. SdfFragant. {Spirts Wtrmtt Sfra^arp Wiirtsburg, Aicbfiat, Ferieiif CJbmr, HiUtjbtim, PadsrbarHt CoHjlaiut, Halbtrftat and Bamtwg. MetK, Teal, and FirJun. Ifiegtt Mmnfttr, Miiuhit, and O/nairiig. iMfi^hit Matsburg, Nammtiirg, Brandtnlmrgt and \ Havtlhmrg. r Friefinghen, Ratsiitn, Pmfauy Chttrnfe^ SecktVi i Ltvantt Brixtm, Gkri, and Netijlat, Fitm$d (_ exempt. LutfcCt Ratsiurg, and Scbuotrin. The Afrhbiftioprics and Bifhoprics have many of them been feculatized fince the Reformation, and converter! inro Dm chieoUaroftheP0Z0//>w/f ■' ._- -. &ix Dollar of Nuremberg • ■ Rix Dollar of Lunenburg » n Old Rix Dollar of //anot/^r ■■' ■ - Double Gulden of Hanover • — — The Gulden of Hanover i— — . « TheHalf Gulden of flfl»» and North, building Fortrcfles, and placing Garrifons on the Banlis of thufe Rivers, to deicnd thofe Empire againft the Incurfions of the GerMans. The Vanda/, Si . '", I:/ //, and other Northern Nations, broke through the ^offlf«w; i> . rienn tl>e Reign rf^oMr/V/.r, about the Year 400; and having made y "^ nnquett of great ? : of France and Spain, trt&td feveral pettvKincd.s and States. Thefe were fucceed by xheGotbt, \9ho fixed tnemfelves in •9;to/V;, /taly, add the South of /'ra/r(«, in the Reign 'of ^V^»/??//ofieftcd great Part of Itafy as well at Germany 't and the Saracent having invaded ue South of Italy in the ninth Century, were expelled again by the Emperor Henry lU. in the eleventh Century. The Pcpe in the mean Time, incited Infurre^ons asainft the Empe- ror, both in Germaty and Italy, and perfuaded the feveral Princes to ren- der themlelves independent; which occaiioned long Wars between the Popes and the Emperors, the feveral Princes adhering to the one or the other, as their Iniereft led them. The Occaiion of this Quarrel between the Popes and the Several Emperors was purely the Pope's Ambition ; forCW/^ma/fff^, andhis Succeflbrs, for fomc Time, appointed, or at leaft confirmed every Pope in the Chair, and granted the Invelliture of all Bifttoprics, till the Popes incited their Suhjcdls to rebel, and compel- led them to relinquifti thofe Prerogatives ; and at I^'ngth aiTumeu a Pi'wef of depofmg of buiperors and Kings, ard traiufcrring their Dominions to fuch Princes as would acknowledge the;r Supremacy, which they cx- ercifed with a high Hand till the Reformation ; but they have iince loft much of their Influence. In the Year 1440, Frederic III. Duke of Aujlna, was elefted Empe- ror, (and his Pollerity had the Addrefs to corlii tic the Empire in their Family for 300 Years, notwithP.anding the Empire is clettive ; namely, to the Year 1 740, when they lolt it only for Want of a Male Heir in the Family.) Maximilian, who facceeded his F^ihcr Frederic, Anno 149^, married the Princefs Maty, Daughter and Heircls of Charles Duke ot Burgundv, whereby Burtundy and the feventecn Province* of the NetherUnds wcio annexed to the Houfe oiAuJhia. Charlei V. Grandfon of Maximilian, and Heir to the Kingdom ot Spain, in Right of his Mox\itr Jtanna, was eleded Emperor, Jnno 1519, and in his Reign Mexico and Peru in Amtrua weic cuntjtiered, whereby he became Sovereign of much larger Territories, and much richer, thaa ever any i'rincc enjoyed. In this Reign happened the Reformation of L 3 Reli^ion» JK^ ^ tS6 q 1^ R M 4 N r, ^ligionyft^ichC&v/r/oppofed, and engjigfd theBinpire in ?Civil W^, l^wutit; but though be condemn^ £«^i^s DoArine, he did not m^ 4ie with his Pcribo. The Reafon 'the Kefenners were called Proteftantr waa their Protefliog aeainft a Decree of the Imperial Diet ih Favour o£ th^ Enemies in this Reign. Cbarlt/ V. 'tis iaid, had been viftorions in ^ve dbirty Battles, where he ^|ninaflAe<| In Fer(bn ; but in the Decline of Life his good Fonune b^aii to forfake him. The Fretub King and tlie Proteftants of Gtrmairt appeared at leail^ a Match for him, whereupon he abdicated his Thj one ; refigbine the Kingdom' of ^/><»>, his //w/rm X>ominions, the Kttberlunds and Amtri^a to his Son fbilip |I. and pro- cured his Brother /Im^'Mw^ to be elfeded Emperor, Vwr» ij^S; after which C^/»/ Puke of y^ff/ci/, Giandron ofZnviiXiV King of France, the Fremh Kiwg immediately feized all the Spanr^ Dominions, and proclaimed the Duke ni Anjcu¥At\g of Spain; whereupon the Em-' peror invaded Italy, and Entered into a Confederacy with Gi'eat-Britain,^ the United Provinces, and other Powers, for a Recovery of the Spanijb Territories, which tbeEm^^ror claimed, on Account of his having married one pf the Infanta's, and being descended fiom another of them. In which War the Allies being fuccefsful, they recovered thtSpanip Tetifi&prics iu 4(0^ and \hc Nuierlapds ; which wer« coQ^rmed to the ■ '■ ■■ *^--' ■ ■ ■ ' ■• Emp^rpf «^ G E R lii Ji iv rr iEmfmvtCharUsWy Son of the tm^avletfcU, hj Ac Tmties tf Vfrtkt and ^^«f, cOncloded in the Years 1 7 1 3 «nake of ^Mogp, with the Title of Ciag, and ^p«nr «ni ^*«(/>&^«mVawere9llottedtolUng/>Af;l^. > i Another War breaking obt between the Emperor and Ms AllieAm the one Part, and 5/Mn'« on the other, in the Year ^718, and ^Trett^ lieing concluded between thein the following Year, Sidfy was aflSgnM CO the Emperor, «nd Sardinia to the Duke ofSavtjf. In the Year 1^22, the Emperor Ctmrlet VI having no Sons fimled h{a hereditary Dominions on his eldeft Dao^hter, the Ardidatohefs Hmik Tbtrtjkt which was confirmed by thie Diet of the Empire, and obtained ^e Name of the Pragmatic SanSicH. This Settlement was guaranteed by Great- Brit^fHt France, die States-Geturai, and moHbf the foweis i4 Eurafe. ' The Empcfor (^i^arles VI, ere£^ing an Eaft-India Company at OJkttit (his created-aJyIifunderAanding between Ihim and the Maritime Powcni which was however at length amicably adjnlied. ' In the mean Time Treaties were on Foot tiCatfUfray and other Plalcee* for adjufting all Difierences b^ween the Eqsperor and Spain i but theft Negotiations Coining to oothirtg, the Emperor and Spain entered into A Treaty themfelves, wheteby they confirmed the Spanijh Territories ia their itfpeAive PoiTeffions to each other, and the Reverfion of tht Dutchies offu/c^y, Parma, and Plaeentia, were afiigned to Don Qaritt theKingof Sl^tfiVs i'econdSon,on the Death of the tiwn reigning Prince | f nd 6oOp Spaniartis were convoyed to Tu/cany to fecure that Succeffion» 4nno 1730; by the united fleets of Great- Britain and Spain. , - > A War breaking out again in the Year 1 733, between Frantt; Spa^ and Sart/ittia on the one Part, and the Emperor on the other, the Eo^- ror was driven out of all his Italian Dominions except Mantua ; bnt on ft Treaty of Peace, which followed two Years after, tiie Emperor's Donii nions in the North oi'Itafy, were reftored him, on his ceding N^fbt aad Sicify to Don Carlaj, who thereupon relinqoifhed his Claim to Tmjimjf and Forma, and was recognized King of the Ttue Sicilies In the Year i738,icl> lyere Mediators, and the Rivers Danube and Safve made tht Boundaries of the two Empires on the South. > { Tretittic, King of Prvffia, dying on the 3 ift of May 1 740, wm fiioeeed* ed by his eldett Son Charlis, his prefent Pruffian Nlajrfly. He nofcon« afcended the Throne, but he feized 00 the Town of Herflalliik theTer« ritory of Liegt, and obliged the fiifiiop to pay him 300,000 Crowne beiore he quitted it. , The Emperor CharletW. died the a 8th ofOa»her, following. 174© : Whereupon his Daughter, the eldeft Archduthefs ill«ri« f4*r|f&. Con* ibrt to the Duke of Lorrain, was recognized Qwtn of ttingarp and BsAtt MM, and Heirefs of all the late Emperor's hereditary Dominions, /indnotk withltanding her Right had been acknowledged, and guaranteed bytth« King of PrnJ^a, France^ and moft of the Powers oiRmrefet the Xin£ of Pri{^a immediately invaded SiUfia wit)io«t fe mach u prockimtnf Ia WkTi m 6 E R MA N T; Wari hnf paUi HBnng t^e^ry^^^f atMe(tiif», on the loth of April 171.1 , were defeated. The EicAor of Mavaria having married one of the Archdutcheflea g)aughter of the Emperor 'Jt/tph) fet up a Claim alfo to the hereditary ominioni ^f the Uie Emperor; and, a^ed byth^ frenek, invaded the Queen ofHutigary*s Territories, and compelled the EleAors tQ promiie their Vptesi to fet him on the Imperial Throne ; and he was ac- fOrdingly eledled Emperor at Frankfsrtt oy their unanimous Suffiages, pn the 2 1 (I of T^niMiry 1 7 4 2 . .. And as ^tFxtach and Bavforiam invaded the Queen of Hungtef^iX^o- ininions, the Imperial Generals, on the other Hand, invaded Btmarim, ^nd reduced it. And after feveral Battles fought, wherein the King of ^i^« was generally yidorious, the Q^een of itfiM/4rjr thought fit to yield up: all Sikfia to him, except the Dutchies of Tropptew and 7tfcbim^ She likewife ^ti9$empn the Banks of the A/fi/m, yuiw 16, 1743, xht Dutch Forces V«ere at a good Pittance from the Field of Battle; however the French were obliged to repafs the Maine, and the Britijif Forces marched to fianan, where they were furnittied with Provifions, of which they had (teen in Want for fome Tiine; and if the French had fecured the. Patter 10 that City> as was Intei^ded, gre^t Part pf die Allied Army miift have peri(hed without nghting. ' '■ . After which the l^itvCountries became the Theatre of the War; of fvhidi al} Si(le$ being at latt tired, a Peace was concluded at Aix-Uf Cbfpdle on the 7th ot'Q^eifr 1748, whereby Reftitution of ail Place) ^a* fn^f pn ^1 Sides. Nptjwithttanding this Peace, a Plan was formed in the Year i7$6.i by Anjiri0, Rujfta ana Saxttp/^ for difpofetting the King of Frujim of great l^art of his Pominions* but efpecially of Siiejtai of which his Pr^/Jian l^ajeAy hcing informed, he immediately put his Army in Motion, tooI( j^otteffion pf ^ax^it^t ai^l defeated Marlhal Prootw, Qdoktr i, at Lowt- ft§s. In this A^ion the Aufiriofu lott 7000 Men, and loooPrifoners, funpngfi (hem Princf Lthkotuitxy and the PruJJtamXo'Bi zoco Men. Oq ||>f ^ of ^^ 17524 kf e attacked the combined Army of '/tmm and the Empire at Rt^it and gained a compleat ViOaavyt having killed cooo Fremb and Impi^ rialilo, and taken 12000 Prisoners, ^^^^ *!! their Baggage, and 164 Pieces of Cannon, with the Lofs only of 500 Men. Prince Simbifi the Frtrnb General, and the Prnce of Hilhuriban/en, General of the Army of the Empire, took different Routes with the Remains of their refpee- tive Armies, and never joined afterwards. On t' th of Dtetmht^ following he came up with Prince Chat Us of Ltrram the Marihala pauM and Nadafijj at LWk* when a bloody Baidc er ^ which the Juftriant were entirely defeated: In this Batde the Auji'tans had laooo Men killed and wounded, and 20,000 uken Prifoners, befides 16S Pieces of Cannon, 43 Colours and Standards, and 3000 Baggage and Ammunidon Waggons. The Lofs of the Brufftans^ which will hardly t>e credit^, was oaly 2000 killed and wounded. This Battle ended the Campaign of 1757. About the Time of the Batdeat Liffot the Campaign opened Qn the Side of ^amvfr, though it was then the depih of Winter, and the Wea« ther excefllve fevere. The French having the Summer before repulfed (he Allied Army under the Command of the Duke of CumbirittMd, at Latftrit on the 27th of July 17S7> took Pofleffion of Hamtver on the oth of Augufi. Ou the 8ih of Stptember a Neutrality was figned, whete^ by the allied Army was confined to the Country about Stadt, But the l^ginning of Dectmbtr following, the Haneveriaust having been joined t>y a Body of Pri^^aiUr and being fired with Indignation at the many Cruelties) committed by the French in their Country, marched from Stadt under the Command of the Prince of Brunjwict^ aad^ in the Courfe of abuut three Montlis, drove the FreMcbt in a mi^ hiifniiiid Condition, not only out of all the Electorate of Hanovert but alfb out of all Get many; the Fretfcb having loft ne^ 60000 Men in that Coootry by Sicknefs and the Severity of the Climate. yuHf 23, 1758. The Allied Army commanded oy Prince AVr^/iir/nr/ of Brutffivici, attacjced (near CrevtU) the Frenth Army commanded by Connt Clemuntt and after an Aflion of (even Hours, defeated them^ and gained a complete Vi^ry. There are in Germany near 300 Princes and States ; every one of which is veiled with Sovereign Power, fubjedl however to the gene> ral Laws of the Empi e, and fworn to the 'Emperor, not to engage in any Wars or Alliances to the Prejudice of the Emperor and Empire^ The Emperor is elefled by the nire Electors zt Frankfortt viz, the three Spiritual Eledors, Archbifhops of Mctuz, Triers^ and Celogm, and the fix Secular Eledlors ofSobtma, P^buinet JBraiu/eniurg, Saxony, Ba^ *u0ria^ and Hanover, If a King of the Romans be elefled in the Life-time of the Emperor, hefucceeda of Courfe without any new Choice. The Archbijlbops of MtHtK, Triers, and Ctlognt are Eledors of Courfe, as fbon as Vhey are flexed to ^ofi: Sce« by t)ieir f eff cdive Chaptcra. , The Scailar EleAora fuccce4 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 m £f fig 25 2.2 1.1 11.25 itt u 140 2.0 ■tWk jy •■;*v« Photographic Sdaices CarporatiGn 19 VWIST MAIN STHIT WIMTIR.N.V. 14SM (n*)l79 4S03 ">7* •0 "E ^ ia 'A V It. l§aeoMd bf Virtoe of die Tem'tonct they cnijoy. the firft as Kme of JRpf -iimUt, the iccond «t Ceont FsLumf^ the third V Ifbrqnif t^Mn^akitx ^t* ^ 'foorth aa Diuke of SMct/tf, the ifth as Diilte pf Bmvaritt u^ ^hefixth Mwer RJkimi and thefe Will cenfent to a Neutra- K^ ftnciimu, when the^ find the Emperor is not in a Condition to^ 1, Af which we have had fome late laitances. '^i8W^'%^^W^S*^U^ §'9W5^^mf^^tWO^*lW0^ BOHEMIA Kii^dom. Situation and Extmt, Between 1 § V Ut Being }co Miles in Length. 150 Miles in Bieadth. MMaJmm.']Y^ O U N D E D by Ssxny aad BrsHdttimrg, on the Jb N. bv P^iuft and HitMuuy, on the E. by A»/hi0, and irist S. and by the PtUtiimti idSmvmim, on the W. compre- Binfirist , .. , - iendbg, 1. Btbmift Fropcrt a. StUJi^t} and 3. Mmtvim, ^i virtoni. Q U R M 4 ^ Cldef Toifatt. . Pragu^y.. lea. .l4-3«w N. Lat 50. Aa^ to the K. QiPr^ffim, »?< «5? J^ivifioBS. Hoofc of >/?«•, ][£^^W. *! ri^r^tru;, £. Lon. 16- jO.N. Lat. 51. fobjea to dieKing W j^£,^rff.^, ef i'/ij^, II r4«^. S. fubjea to thp Hou OUNDBD by PeknJ, on the North; by Tram- J3 JUtumia and Wakcbia, fiaft; h ScUvtm*, Sonth^ and by ufi^'aand A&ravM, Weift. ^The Kingdom Of HMgary 13 ufually divided into the Upper aa^ homtt Hungary, Ldwcr HUNGARti Upper HUNG ART, North of the Danube, Chief Towns. fnj^g, fitoate on the Damiltt £. Lon. 17-30. N. Lat. 48-20. Vrvobatt/U, N. W. UoptUfitJ, N.W. Cbremdts, N. W. Sebemiutj, in the Middle. ^firut, N. Ci/rbaw, N. 70r%»N«B. Z«MMr» N. E. l^i^MW, N. E. Mttimu N. B. Stge^, on thei)«M(Ar, oppoUte to South of the Danuhe, Chief Towns. Budat ontheI>Air«^<,E.Lott. 12- 20. N. Lat. 47~4<>' CrA», on the Dmuit above AdS*. Kemarra, on the DrnmSt, ia tit Ifland of iSr£>»/. i{««^. on the Z)4uw^; oppofiie to the Ifland of Sebnt, jUtenburgt W. oppofite to the Ifland of Sehu. JTrifetibmrgt or Alim RtgmU$t^Viam E. of the Lalce, called tht Plat- /mSea. Kamjtm, S. W. of the PktttM Sea. Fivt Chmrcbu, N. of the Rivcir liravt. Mtmumut.l The chief Mountains are i^.CmfatbiM Hills, which divide Himgmrj from PcAcW on the North. £aiif#.] There are Abundance of Lakes and flagnaat Waters Id this Qottntry, among which ttiat called ttMB Plattm Sea,' and anothe^ called the Newjullir Sea in the Lower HuMgwrj, are the moil extenfive. /l/wr/.] I. The DtmtAtt which divides Mm/m^ in ^¥0 Parts, hal been defcribed already in treating Of Gtmmti\ a. the ArMW, the Southern fioandary of HMgwrj^ is a fine navigable River, and dif- chargea 1 li. b. by Trm»' \ Soathl ;>per nl ARTi Lon. xt" 4, M ttt to the thc?/«»- PktttH River wHich ratm td tnothe^ ftfife. kvtt, htl ^4N)ir, the and dif- charge* 6£It] CA&Vt< ) iIiITTI«S^ .TAJ IBIAC 45 Jil tr*j^ XT I y X A C JC S C A L >S <:jr*i rCZ£T ME J> I T £ HR AyiBAX mzm^:Kim.mw£:m::,wf ©^ ^"M'M.k "^, .« Bit A ck s b T TJ 31 K. T XV AS X A *i: * '-*-. -i ti!^ 'if 0^ ft -r. *7I .^ Uftlf tiiio Che thmAe at Egi€k% %. ThmTiyJi :tiS» in the. I^. K. of Huigtrf in fiieCi^fMtbMM Klountaiok, . rans W. by Jffi«|r.. ' aii4 afterwards toning S. fuls into die Danube oppoiite to SmUrnkM" i^m) 4.thcM^rt<;, a» well as with Variety of excellent Wines, of which thofe oi iotkttf ardr reckoned the beft ; their Manofaftures are chiefly thoie of- Braft and ~ Ifon, of uhich they export a great deal wrought and unwrought Arm.'\ The Enaprefs Queen, for Armonial Eufi^, bean qnacter- , ly Barwife Argent, and Gules of eight Pieces. See Gtrmcatf, Fareest] The Hu0kr$t or Hungarian Trooper?, ride upon fleet - Horfes, but not near (b large as the Gfrnum Hcrfes, and tberefore ' they ftand up on their fliort Stirrups when they ftrike. Their Fooe are called A9 called the Grave of the Germans^ many Thoufands having pe.ithed in this utthealdiful Soil, by Sicknefs as well as the Sword ; a kittd of Plague vifiting die Country otice in three or four Yeai s. Pir/mu mad Haittt.] The Hrnigariam are of a good Stature a4$ well propordoned) the Men fliave their Beards but leave Whiflcitrs^ on the upper Lipi they wear Furr Caps on their Heads, n doie«i bodied Coat girt with a Safli, and a (hort Cloak or Mande over, all, fo contrived as to be buckled under the Arm, and leave thei Right-Hand at Liberty. The Troopers wear a Broad Sword, and carry a Hatchet, or Batdc-Ajt: The Women alfo wear fliprt Cloaks^ and 17^ iH U N c J k y, and m Veil wYien they ^ Al^oad^ buf (he b^terSort vttuSif imkili' Cfalftf.) J3}«y are afbrmttrjir]Ukf>PimIe).t«I^^ Coantty ImI Aood as ^J^r^y MainJ^ the^«r4^ . Ofawardt of 2«p Yeirt. Tm €2ft> Ipurs they^ra^efibin tneir Cl9^thing aft Hed> Btatt, Cf Green j and tkt youB$<^i^$k^a^uruanj-«^teai^iPf aUMtr%an ^eir Ca|>si ;'■■ t-' Jliifi^uti^ finj Curic^iie*-y Some of the greatelt Cariofitin in thii Cbunu-y^.«cfi^,tjit^ir j^jiclgesi their Baibs^ and. theic Mines; the Bridge of EMiip^^hmh itvcr the Danuli and the Drawe, »nd the adjoining MarDi(;£|, .15 £ve M^les ii^I^^ngih, and .has To^i^s a;;, every Quarter of a Mile^ ^in^Aiicc, aad^ is aFais that Kas bpen, mvch contended for'ty i^e ,C;|!ir;^«j/»<, and /i^r'f/. There is alfg a Bridge of Boats over the Danube, half a Mile long, between Ufida and Ptfi ; and there are the Ruins of ^ Roman ^Id^e., ,r.'wtn\.y-.f{ungarian Miles from Btigradtt ftili leouining that exceeds any Thing of the Kind} it confifted of ^en"^ f<)uai^BStesor PiHarsof Stone, one hundred Feet high, theBafes whereof contained fixty Feet on evenr Sid^ of thif Sic^are^ the Diilance between every one- of^efe Pdli^fs was one hoAdred and feventy^Teet, jonied by Arches, with Uiis Infcrftcian: PROVIDENTIA,»AUG. VERB- PONTIFICIS, VIRTUS tRO- MANA QUID NON DOM AT ? S0B JUGUiVI ECCE Ri^PI. TURET DAN^^|yS; and to perpejuat^. the M?"*°'y of J^'» StruAure, Silver Medals Were ftamped widi th6 Inlcription NUBlUS^^'^'v"' ■• ■ ->- r-- ••• .-•■;. T^i^ BktU or J9irpiece, wHieh ii^a on one Side the Image '61 tyftmathus^ and on the Reveffif 7^«r/#[ And with the Medals was ibund a Golden .^»!i¥ teu^iutt*^- 7lM Language of the J^jM^orMUii \% peCoBir to this Country. It'comies ^e neareft the HeireWt which i» governed by Points and Act^ts is this is ; but the meaned of the People ipeak a Kind ofbarbortMlis £ if iit^ed jaijten d a )e orfitagei bgyek'tiUg a te. mktro' Ui mhit -imnfhdm tigi itt e ystdaiHs ami miwAmipi kenyeruniet ai anw aefaei HUi- tn 'tf^tfafd nieg a mi ' tetkeiMht mikeffem mijt mtgi MfiUimi mitindk a kii m eUcnfunk intenck (fi''$^ vigj minht a inittll tsy In* ind llM in thil r Bridge djoiniag Quarter mtendesi of Botits 'tfi } and iles from Kind I it SrcdFcet L^ of ih« wiu one fcr%tiaiii UStRO- f of^is tion n V V a A k 1 **'* 1 4[ottntai|U( Emperor* hat therd aituret of Darim jiy of an* Crowns I/, and on a Goldea \mijt migi nunkit d MsMt yJta»n0in am; AIniii _ KnHUM MV^ if IM flMMV CiMawil I ^'MmW« p i uAi i fe g tlwl»lUi|MilMir iidit Mmuh ClBtttrf, jU4 the Ia«l^«]& iH ih$ Ml9t/tlM» «ta cicatNofflberoFlWelbttti ia tMi iBtfAoai, tffiM tadaoTSeai : Howeter, tkejr dinflx w>il»a|fdiii tti ^ by which ther han been lertnif po/fbatieA ftr ati^ THm T%9f fdden ftttto >iii tiieTar o li 7 Single Docats 1 n *■ ' o 9 3^ Silver Coins* die fame as in Gtrmmjf, Rivolutiom and memorahfe Events. THE Htms, a Stithitm Nation, poftfled themlchct of thb Country in the third Ceo*qry, and conunanicated their Name to it, being then Part of the ancient Pmmema. It wu at ML divided into many little Principalitiet and fiiatet^ which at lenvth united onder one Head, wh6 had the Tide of Doke | Che laft of (hcfe Oukes was Gtj(/a, who, becoming • Profeliie to Chriftianity, was baptized ; after which he refigned ihe Government to his oon SttpbeHp who took the Title of King in the Year 1000. It was an elcAive Kingdom tnany Years, bat genaally in oue Fa- nilv i dmrUt Xtttrt aicended the ThTOne JWm 1310, and fobdaed SJ^mot Strain, Cnatim, Da/mUtm, Stievmun, and many otlicr Provinces, which lie annexed to his dominions, fiMH^e whereof die Vtmtians recovefc4 ^^ bim. The Turh invaded Hiiiii*ry in die fifteendi Century, in the Reign of Uu^lUm, an Infiiat Kmg, bat were bravely r^oUed by the celebrated HmnmaJks^ who was Regent tX die Kingdom daring the Minority of Laiifium, And on the Death of hm£ptu^ the Ibatgariatut in Gratitude for the Father'a Services, elcfM Maitw Corvitms, the Son of Uim»imdts, their King, i#n«a 1458. L$4U vM ck, King of H$mgaty, engaging SUttmmt SBiperor of the Twht with very unequal Numbers, was defeated and blled in the Battle, jfmte ij^aS. atid great Part of Hmngarj loft. yotm W^ywtJt, of Tram/yfvamim, afcefided the Throne of Hiiiiga*y^ Ahm 15x6; but was depofed by ferStumJ, Brother of the Emperor CbarUi V. Sofymmt reftored King Jobm i and at this Time began the Wan between the Gtrmnn and fkrh'^ Emperors, for the Dominion •f ifMgary, which lafted near two hundred Yeats. fjB r n AN^ TL vAirt a. r^tBtyrndf Aichdake of Jbjfiruu ytm a4 ^urt. Awm 1517 { and: t|» Jhfiritmt^ Iht^lMtioMiM ink »ilae<^cn <1m Efl^pire maa tiM 9i>ri«, n «]iicli tile tmki mA i»H*Kh OB AflGO«a& of thde wiU h« fotod u th« iU- VolntioBft « G^rmat^. i^.^ .a^M^^ ^^^y^ ^Ka^ ^lUiI^Bh ^^tf^, ^larfMk iMfeA^ 'SjiL .a odi, as the Frontiers towards Tirfy alfo are, fioii whence the LatU Name of Trafi/ytvmnia was given to it. Jtreirr/.] The chief Rivers arc, 1. the jfautf, which fbrmiPail of the Boundary againll Turlly on the E.>ft, and running from North to Souths falls iaio tKe Danu^i z.Tht M*rijb, which runs firoai Nordi to South, through the Middle of the Country, and then, torn- ing Weft, falls into the Tttji'e, oppofite to S-itdin. M^.^ The Air is warm here, but not io unhcalthful as that af ■ Day- icktlK h«Rt- %J» n fjcet' jogp* Breadtk. In. by the y anoihct 1- ;*! • loantryt ^ le Irmi^ LridkSnov lunoM >w >tnNortk |nin> fr** lien,taii- Mthat «f 5i0 r /e ># A' Sr LKANl A. 09 CMri^ and ril^micf^Md tp«n Miaaa aadSinili afthpt ;i. i' li' I, i U> ^'Miisaa^'S^^T^^ thm^h ihf SoU ^ riclks it d«^ aA^hUa a^leli IM ^ reign aa might be eiipedcd, it bong a Fmicier Prornea, iHi fl^i Soently ravaged alll;fkiiH)cred% JfitAdi and FoMi wkidl is tha eafon alio that it is not popt^ous. - ^ La»£iian.] Their Language i^ tkt Se / m mU ih^ of whicli I Ihall take Notice in the nnct Provincat which Aill biira thjl Name of Rtiigiui,] The eftatliflied R^Igibn here, as «»dt as fti Hungary, /#• jigdon. , . Trmt^hmniant are now^ iqine of die moft faidiful Subjefta'die Que of mnfury has. A§#i^i(.] The Biftopricfc of HtmanJIoilt is the only Bifiioprkk I meet with herej and there are no Univerfities meAtioiied in thtdt Hifiory. C«fw.] The Girman Cbins are current here, t don't fiiul they have any pfculiir to this Provrace. Rrjobitioni and memortMe Events, TRANSriyANIA, Part of the ancienc Dmtim, k dkA m' have been fubdned by Ljifimachmit one pf i^Ammdrr** Gene- rals. Julimt C^far repulfed the Dmdmnt^ when thty pniicd the Dm- nuht, and invaded the Rtman Empire. Ann/Ills fortified the Southern Shore of the Dannbt, to prevent their fneurfiont^ The Eni))eror Trajtn fubdued them, and reduced Dacim to the Form bt a Pro^inct, It was over-run by the Grtbi on ihe 4>tcttM> of the tHimm Smplr«i tad the Giht were expelled by the Hunt. Smktw I. KiKg of MnA gMTf fubdued Trai^jflwm»t and • intioducfld tte Ckrifiian ReKgioR there, Anm leoo. FrOtn that T'ltfMj ranlytvanim was a Prei^nce ctf Ut^iWftf pnd u/n^Ttfd by an H^^gariM Vioeniy» called » Fm^t tx4 their yaivtAt at leiww fet up for themfdves, and aflfumcd an ladependcncy. In ^e Year i$f$^ two rival Princes contending tot tiis Principally, . one of them was fupported by ^e Gtrmmm Bmpcior. and the .other by the tkti ; whereupon this Country be* caa^e the Seat of V^ar for many Years. ^ The Princes of the Houfe oi Rrgct/iiwen at the He-id of the Pro* teftant FaAion. and fupported by the Turh i but brih» at length oblked to quit frmM/yhama by the /m^ / ■^-T-^ 5 C ;l^--4-¥^^r^-N -I A. {Sidfjea $a ibe 1^1^ of Auftria.) SitUatum and Extent, %ttvn ten BHwccn { 5 I 1 1 1- E. Loa. >Being ^ Lat. 200 Miles ia I^i^. 6oMiks in Breadth. BmmdMritj.'] nOUNDED bvthe River Drmuon the N. f> by. the X><«xr«^«.£. bjr the Smtt S. and by ^f^ in Jtrnjlrim W. Chief Towns. f»tnm% £. Lon. 18-42. N. Lat. 45-SS* Wmtpt^ N. E. J^i, N. E. at the Conikencc of the Draiv* and Dmmht, \' iagfit W. on the %9m*. f\iMmimMuUmt S. E« , SmUmtmmt E. If^mktwar, B. G>-«y(/lA, S. on the 54vt Msttuu, E. ; Jltf#s/« ia dM South* Baft Divifivn of this Frovfaiee, lo deaoninaid ^ fiom the chief Town Rmnum \ the Peopk are called R»tmmmt or R^^' #AMff their Militia being Part of the irr^IarTroopi that have done dwir SoTtrcign, the Queen of Hwgmry, fuch Service in the late War. ^1, Prtduet, mid MamifiiSuri$.1 Selaviittia ba leyd Coantnr, not incumbered by Woods or Mountains, well watered by thoie fiae aavigablc Rivers, the Danide, Drmve, and 8mwt and other leffir Stmms, which render the Soil exceeding frnitful, prodncinj Con and Wittt in Abondance, where it it cottivated \ bat being a Frondcr between the 7urkt and OMfiimut and ftcqaeotly eaten up by Friendi and Enemies, the Hafbandman hu little Encoaragement to inprovs hisOroands, or the Mechanic in his ManufaAores. PnJmu^tbtSmiiws.'] The Natives afie of a good Statore, 1 brave hardy Race, Soldiers from their Cradles, their Conntry havia| been lo^g the Seat of War. £«flf a«jr.] The Stlavmrim is one of the fonr original Lai^pagci I •f Siirtft, and is ftill fpoken by Uit ?«/#/, Riffimu, Um^aritm, L im Jk'i tvn i Mu of;^ Am efW a AeRe 9f SeU feopJe, Of^«M they Joi of the Bctweea *«Eaff, (f^k 6 A r 1 jC m hag^' S. aaA W »«wt^. W«»i or Ktf' 1 Co««t7, «* Ibythofcfi^ i oAet WW 9d«cinc C«» lop by Fneni* y to impww 8utnie,ft (ottntry fc»^ InilUBfMr*! #8 ,f aadfarib. Soine luve nekMtd iip fiiHy NaffMM tk« teki d* je4HHii#. . r '• v ..; Between { ^ i R O A .^i^'il Au (Suhjeff to tbf }ioi^i «/ A^ftria.), Situation tmi MKtm. .B.Lon.| I SoMfligfolii^A. lifcingj BctwMB ( aid mUt.| I yoMUetiftBiMi. Bmmimiu:\ T) OUKD E D by the IUm5«vf. wki flinw dii Mm ^tfw, Baft of JMIm iir*/, Mi/Stfrieit, Vaivtrjitkt, mud Coins."] At to 4*^e ■<*»i''«ik«//« oo 1 6oMb, aad by the G4pli of #7 wVr on Uf We^, tonqMy Tubjeft ^ Cltti# Town. mpw or Z«m. fitoale 0b a B«y jtf the Scaia dkf Gnlfl)l of /WtV, 1,1^15* li Ui. 4|.-ao. lUStt of 4 Biftop, S|iAo|m of >"!«' >P£^ir^ .t.in i./v ^.)S . . w v# -■ ■J *'^ i% ■■%. vCifetf^f^SsS^SrS I. TVOISIXA. ./> .vitrei v.. iSasL '13LV s -rf A.- vO<*V ..'" N tJ«-!i >i>I^J ff y4^ r^ /..... ••-•^y ^.«. s-MilmSifibi it ♦ /' / RftM. D /^- ■•~.h/ ,1^; I 1r i lA *> */ * 4*/if f *>^ ■^^* **. .7 ■.jT. .V >, I .1" t ??5Xl^ 1 lMvidcdiil##N^^^«***^^"' Rovittciii PalttioMet. S»2r''*^'C " '^ oflWdM B. Mmti fMm UimtL Kutumt Uittam. B. urn W •S'^-l i«4 r o ■■-L'^A >r ' \ <■ I If, ilZUL ;;ii i - ! M/ttftaw '' •: 7 -til. it'll' . I tktc, or Imw ,_^ Ji^iWfW, niM^ «V>ii^' «ia»itt##«/>»4/froin Lia/#«w'itftlHiig into theifaA ... ^'BfOP' sot i u:. .^I4>!^ FtU)m«, !XmikHA\ orMwUt which rifiiw iq, A? South of ^/^ UtA».<^5 Wd ^iviPg P#5»J /o? Cr****?. torn$ North, ipftia*^^«ific(^#^«ifv^ fcUff into the fi^^ ^pMtxU by Tev^ial iS^Bitf rtaMMbft't^ 9«t above Pitfi*. -^ ,:TT^J!Si^^ and M. into Ac C. Th«w#/#r. Qr,far^f«fwi which, rifiijg in khe f roveiioc of W- m£ rni^ WMI «i«»^mM then turning Sooth, «nter» 4^e/<«vf «gaw Stp u QrabM^ h,v^ig,«ceiv4d tht iV«^/i/« in^UsfigagS ^ ,^^ «. The te^hit* rifinf in- T/ita-, »on^ Sontl^Edl ||l#|h 7. The A^«f!*> Hdilch silM in RURu^, MdmnnmB SooA-^ft. IJir^ r !.•••$• «i«.' Nortb, f fevosl into die fm»fi^. f X J V ^. t% 'wttw n nc Norai> botjmMMnii m QflMf nUli MM, both la WfaM&r -hadlSoBiMr, duui itf TNrPfdl dit'ircMiirll itafe PkM ^i'MhUi Mr dM Set-OodL A««rd MlMktirtnMr^MdMir Ikir WlifMr aoa ia Md ii MTflibiea i#AeK ftriii«nK CainiM'li wMOmm Mmv m/ Fatttftht dNMtfrjr.] P(il*U^ ^l^nT ^^* '^ iHmkc it is faid tp derive it> Name. The only Hiw «• die Gw<», fathlkt Moan^iM,, wjw^ flivide it fi|MB ^^r«nr , and TrM^/iMN^ oad^ Switch I aa^tiieK jMf ibme large Foiefti of Pines and Finn is litlmmiim: The onfy Seithat bordeii on f aM i^ die leMJ^ V •' dtf/4W fnAKt.J TH Soil is fraitfid dpna^lly in toro^'^M'^ Vmtck loadina; fevcMl handred Ships here evenr Yther Poit-Townson d^ iBn^!^ orl^|tidl.c Thide ari n dHfcrent Soroof People that Kve by Trafick, neidMh fnb)ea to die Commonwtakh or Fi^ Gentry. PMtttic is aftepabw liidt»^govein4|il( hff itMNvn ||«g>ftr«tes t and tbecoo«iaa Ftople ttfe in n SoMB of E^nedoiyi 4n diis andedier trading Tonmy, jf Bun i j i|i|. totheVadalsbfdie/V/Ejii^ Gentry. ^ ';,; ^1^, Oa/HtgticH.} A^«/ does not onhr leftmble a Eepahlick, b«g|i realy lb. aMd ftikd foch by die Ftkt themlelves & their Aii if State 1^ fUr'the Lcgiffiitive Pbwcr Is kxlccd in die States, aa4 thaJbwpi cudve Power in the Senatt, of which the Kinf isonly PrifiJwiili whenltt is ilrefjait, and they cmi meitandconidtwidsort Mnu . The King is eleded by the Qergy and Gentry ia^ dte^ Fhina .# mirfimtt; 'and if the hfinori^ (hould be fo hardy to idift •« dpii Pid^, die'M^ority woak) M npon dkem and «« dMm m Piaaerl d|qr ul appear nnanimoai therefore, and preund toadhmc lad» drMnftStde, whtteverdieirlnclinaldoae'inaybo.' ^ . I ' Tm new King U oUig^d to fign an Inffavaicat caUed the Fain GMtMM4b^ whefcojr he engages mt he will iaciodacai no MilJil Forces, or prefi^rany Foreigners or other Perfims bot Natsaei of Wi Province where they are to execote their refpe£Uve Offioii i qg*s D«»th. ^'TheXHef.%i|fl»n»lv oflhe itatet, confiftTqf thp $i!fm wd iei«1>epotW,*br'R«jMlitatiAi^eirefy Palitinate (Cd«||ity)>i|(| etty, |li^ ii|^ pltif - ^hlbry Oc^fion*; if fumqaoned )W iihe l^n^ or. |h hi* Abfence. . « Tht Senate c««fifts of iIm Avthliifhops, iMhoif} ffafaainm, Cnld- l|Mi» and «eat Oficeis of Statt. ^- v^- ' ' ^ lUfc GeMral Dice fits but fix Week^, and ttftMi ii^eaits npla a IQiitonk modh fooner } Ibr oae-difiintuq; Voice j»e»eBii itietr pa ftaje '~"n«ws, or cobniiig to a»y Jtsftlatiapi on what h propofild ftfttei ^e Throne. ^ ^ i '. ■ , Jtlani is in Reality a Confederacy of united Sutes': Every l^alati- liil «V Cottii^* uudee Lawa, IrtMHr m«ft norllO«revfer^^ohtrary to ^e general Laws of the Republick enaded by the Die«,'dlr Gc4jbli Ju|i^y«fth»SMMs. ,-<*•<-'"■ .^<#MS«M'l>>'*V«r> Md dwi^rand BuithoX LkitmiHifw^ lb dMi|^ ibKoachofdiaii h(iv«dKirCnM^-C(en0ral, asd ««W #riM>(M|C|Bb -■..i^Pmhue, mU Ibaw otlier trading T«wns» a>c iJiHtnil R b p n<> M g M, - mi W iheiy le^^ve Magi&aies. Daoai 'Pti^dif Mft % ng of Pmjftt and the Dutchy «f Cmrkii^^ kt 6W« Biftitf. fWft«.l King of Po£ir. The Motto, tiibm/mMjUirm Meg», •( '■ ■ - ■..■.,. .,,,<,, :.iJ)ii««.} The Forces ofPtbmd^n att Horfir, «ndl!^(f*fI^,keeD grfn^ K^iiImjki than the OeHlry ; VWf lock SW^^imCT » ^"^ ««»»X'!?9*fWgB Princes i hftyc thnr Oqap^ «l8*iCwi'^«^ ■»<*>«E2Rfifl^^ » buttl»^lipp no Dqmoi 6f ^pnu|;]f,jMr 9Qy other PiRin^ion aAongit iheQit thas whai ^4^ l!i^$iJt|i or Poili in^t'ie (^v^tpcot create, thoogh jve m«ft eioMK «49(t|ir^ BoUe FaaaiUes, a< khf ^«/Ws 99d J^po^'i OBS ol^lMi Pwnpfejn. , • Gmimi 0nd Diwrfatu} The principal Gtmrjp hi^va tor iitl6 m^WMt Qm^ whkh are «^ J>My Night aul Oay Mb>* to Palaces and in their And chamberi, aod march bcfiwta them "toa Ajcy go Abroad. T)ieir Exercifes are Hunting, rising the g^at Hith, yi^Mnmi^a4 DaMiat. Thejr afikallf ihrvd onHttrMJIlk ; A A^ 0#n(le9ian wiH |)ot wd^ a Stoned threw wftfaoui kii MMKt an4 to^Mfo htaifi thhttowiRfleepnponibeOroaiMl witoi aayJmorfl^overingin ProftandSaovf. ~ "^ ^lOk/i^^G^ AotfHBg the Cariofitmof thiaCtoir m ^ TOW«9 l'^,'*^^.¥^ }^'^ »re.|reqneq||» fcto mm Woods, whither it is fuppofed their Parents carrifip them io Afltr lofimcjr to avoid the Tartars^ who^ften make Incm^oni into Ptitmd, MdeaMljr dPwhole Viilagfs oF Pebple Imo SlavaryTUMaa dofe 4Mtt it it topofed' Aat iheWoaien have been feicai* lo Jwra tor laiiltoi'hahind' theai, f» %\Mf are fifeqaen^)* Ibaad amoag Iht Blin, by whom they are noafiilid> aad taogh^ «o fted tifeatSiMR TlMTeltiM hflft been tafecn go iifon Idl4bai%, thoagk to foactos tol apHghc t Vh*y have awthaUfc of Speeeh at Ml. bat llii hecn uoght to fpeak by beine brought into Towns «ivl«fcd kiajl^ Thi^ retain no Memory oftheir former finTage Livet, when thay cometo^behamanized and made conveif^ble. . ^> Tlie $alt-Pittis. Palanj are wonderful Cfavo^s, ttvcral hpadred Yards dfep, and ft die Bottom therf ^re a thpaload intdpaie H^ind. lags or Labyrfatths : Thefe iwc axcaflive coU^ an^ loch Storm* of W\$i^ ari(e rometimes as nothhil can refift. Otieof tWe Mines has yielded the Itepablick the 'Value of forty toilliiHd 'Pounds a Year ; And in then are three Kinds of Salt, one extreme hard, and M ''^ ii« POLAND, ss dsir as ClkryAil t toother not fo haid bnt deowr : Tit tUii b Ibft tnd britdt, and of a pare White. They are foraed'tp take; «ilt Clie of their Ll^hu; IBr'^the Vac ttBiei lake I^re rad ftt^'tdhki & a 1 TliGentkinerFbrf^irii/ Wei |^ tti1^'My« f derftood and fpotee by the meaneft Peojde, though not verjr oorreOljr.; ^tktPattr.NtJlgr in the f«/i«^ Language is of the fbllo*ii^TeBom; wtB. Ojc$» natft ilffji e« mieii0/keh ; nieei Jft /witet imti . fw m i Utiai y M i»i«mi ; ibitta wfftp ftwffUmit^ dty turn iim^m \ JM^^fi mm'fJ^JtHiki M mmxttifiaw 0df wUagt f mUvrim tmni$jtjt knhJtvMt j^M»##rikoi/»»r«»iMf\ Amen. . ^JTf/lyiwi.] The fi^bliibpd Religion is Poperir^ except in tko ini|ia|Toii(ns, near the y7«//fV, anifthere , the Liubtritm |Uli|iOn ia MoiBEttd, but fre^ntlx perfecoted »y the Republick ^ of vrhich the £iectttions at Therii are a lau meiQorable |nJkance. The RqmbOik loleratB entnr Religion hot Proteftants* for there are a l|itttitttde of MtAmmNM *tt»Um in litb$imn4i, mat Numbers of 7«w» a«| nanjr •f ilie Gmk RdK^on, who ate leldom or never diftnrbad on A^cooat of tikeir fereral rerfuaiions. ArtUiJhfri(h m»4l BiJbtfrieitA There are bnt two ArchhMiop- ikks» wu. Ge^and Ihftf. The A>dibifliOpofGM>« is alway* n Cardinal and Priaaaie of th« Kingdom, and, daring an Inteitgftttni and Jn the King% A^fence, he ie Regent. The Biihopn^ art thofe ^ J»^, ITiAm, O^et^ Cafm, £»- ^4uja ^psttcd Cbmal venuBcaM, wbiqh wcif at Icngtbi ooited ra fithu,. ftuedL ^.. . ^ ^ OvMi. die FooBder of* Cratt^t reigned aboat t^ Year' jno/ aod le^ hk Dominioni to hit Children : After whofe Oeadi 0ie Pim defied Ai|/F«f their Puke, whofe Pofterity enjoyed it tUl the Year 099; when Dnke Bclf/lmi Crtirieft ^tdi the Concarreoce of the Fope tad the Gmam Emperor, uTamed the Title of King, and conqnend J9ffi(Mu«* Mtrmvia, and Pn(fia, making themtribiitarj^tt BeiiflamitVL, adiied Rid Ri^m to Poland, by manytngthe Princeft 'Vktfmnu, Hrireft of that Doichy, Anno 1059. ■In the Reign of UUd^ut, who fucceeded to the Crown. Arm* ««05 ( the -Pope affigned Prt^tt to the -Knights of the Tmtttiiek Or- der, for the Service they had done in the Holy Wan, the Pruffmu being dien Pagani, and the Holy See claiming a Right to difpoieof all Pagan Countries. In the Reign of £<>tvf/, who was aUb King of Aogporf, ^'JT^t the P»Ut procorcd (everal Limitations and Reftraints on die Royal Prerogatives, their Kings being abfoiute until then. The Priacefi Htdwigis, Daughter of Lewitt faoecedSag ium iai435» and marrying VlaHfamtt and ccinliuiSryJSS whereupon his PaitC r.!l&"?/""» 'h^'ce rctirS i.5 J?'' '^^ The Eleflbr of Jf-,^z , « •■^•onFaUnrt ^VSStjt I 191 J ^ kt/SSIji or MUSCOVrmBurtft* SitwUm and ExUiU. %ec«< rc«n iBetwecn { i and >E. Lon. 65 3 ind iN 7« J ». Being 1509 Miles iftLci^. I too MUc in Bruddi. BcmuUfus.l noUNDEP by the Ice Ses or Froccn Oeeu J3 on the North, hj Ajuait ttt^a wl the Eeft,by litdeTWr/Ai^ and imrkj on theSoatb» and by ?«/m< the BMitieUt, Md S-wtdm on the Weft. Ffdrtherli Prorinccs' Middle . ?iovin«ei Provincet. Stmiedm Btllamtrtnjktf Mtjetn Dwnm SyrimMs rtrmim ^Bt/»cfidm 'Hexmrn or Pire/h/ Btlt$ctr9 W*htim Bnneni noviMM Mofti ^Btlitfi Ktyim I Little Ntv0rnJ t^M C^/ Tcrrii 'GtttNtvtgrtd Buffimi Fiuimid Chief Towns. ^ ^Kala^ E. Lon. }s-35. N. Lat 69. , Golatina Ktmi MtfttH Arelnaigii Kmngertd I/mm kmrgapot ^Fittgr*. KtKtUjkti Btltmif >< \WtUiid I IMttfui, E. Lon. 38. N. IfirrtMtm, or ftrtMA ^Bmbtir Jmu, B. LOtt 48. N.Lac. 55. PfUtkmrJm Si/t-Ntitgnd "Ntverrmt, B. LoB. 54. N. Lat. s8. I N$lttkiirg I Ptltrjimg, E.Lon. tt. L N. " ^ L«.6o. Wf Hiiiy'i ipniiii ^■r^lHHl ^l^t^^'''^ 4! n Iflc ill Bre»ddi. n: FroEcn Ogcu on die Eaftfby ^ JtM*^ ^ '-I i t .^ « •^^ r-^;i^A' >U*i -•v-^ '? Hrssj /^ r v^ *^ 1 A €j i ^i 'iSA «v Jmc >MMtr ■V^n^ m A" .^^ m^- j»>^ '■'•flWv irB/ M> f^ ov\ Ob ■i ^'-'- t*. A* 4 A ->**>^i tt&AV* .♦ \ Hate l«o. s^ .Bail 90 I>«0JLO9/ ».1 ■^^ »T*^ ,v tAV f^A*-*-^ 4«t* r^ ••'(»i S >i>oi^Coi V *■ ^ Itirsi orMinu JBinuim. au ^ " i.i * '»» m \ ir-r- r ii r;'' i Kj"i^ "■ i vf" i».^.M^-i«K|i|iil.i ¥' ililJlHiHWii'^ ..;*;. .-.'•i^-,r.-i^,^*;-wfr* :'r'^.'^n::.j^'i^ A a s s r d, w ^vCnCni CkteflW*!. Sm»lem/h > ' •— 5«{^ UArsimtOr thQ Coaotry ^ of Uie old Gi^ri—. <•< SmUnJh W ' J&^. Of JTifv;, E. Lott.}0-30. N.L«t. 51. 9«ttf.] The Seks of Rttffa are, the Ice S^ or Froxen Ocean, tte deiotmygMi, orHova Zimbta, Che White Sei^ and ike AiMr, of whkh the Golf of IV«iW is Part, tapon the Nordi and Wet 1 the Pmkt hUttit, or Sea of A^, on tie Soath. UnttT Ae laft War «rith f»rir they were Maders of die NMh Coift of the jr««f«« 8eai and fUll the old O^ri of J2it^« have a Commttnicatioa with the Ewthu Sea. by theiUver Nitftr or BtHjtbnts, from whtttce they M^ anendyjiTue in great Numbers, in their Wicker Boats, andinirade ute 7«ri^Territories, bringing home Thoafands of anhappyWrelchcs, whom diey make Slaves of. Uht^] There are Lakes of vaft Extent in the Kordi of Jtf^* «ns. -|.thef P^. . Riven. 1 Their Rivers are, i . The TM^ whkh, rifiAg hi iV^pv* . mai North, and, joimng the Irtis ufti$MJkh the united Stimmi ob- tsins the Name of Irtis to^; Dqpees of North Latitade 1 and dMB* •nidng with the River Oijr, carries tlwName of Olv till the nnited «aeama fall Into die Fiosen Ocean 0|^pofite to Ihvm Z tm i kt dividing- SwNfe bom Jfim. %. The Miu^Mt which runs from Sooth to Nordi paralld to the Oljf, and falls into the Fraccn Ocean. 3. The Pizara or Pitxmra, which, rifinff in Ptrmm, m^ from Sonth to North, and falls into the Frosen C^ean. 4. The Dwium, which, rifing in fFtUgda, mns North, and falls into the White Sea below i/rr^^^#A 5. The ff^o/ga, olim XA«, which, rifing in BtUxtrt, runs Siiath.Eall through EmrcpHm Raffia, receiving Ae Riven M«/p/«, M§/c9, Kijma^ Otkmt and Smmttr ; then bending its Coorfe ftill Sorai Saft, mns thro^ JJUtitlUfffim^ and falls into the C»p«» Sea below Jfirttm, by fevcral Channels, being the largell and deepefl River on this Continent \ and Xet fb landed ap at the Mouth, that great Ships cannot pafr from Afirmetm into the Ca^tn Sea. 6. The River Dm. olim Tsmmis, which rifing in the Middle of Xe^ Mceives the H^trtHitttt and then mns Soudi-fiaft to Xmifiikm, men, turning Sooth. Weil, falls into the Sea ^jhufi or Pmbu hUtitt re- ceiving the Dmutt above A/tfk. 7. The Niepert olim Bmihttuu which, rifing in , the Provfaieo of Uafcruit nus Sonth'Weft umfPtkmd, then entering lubfif^ i^ua, N ittd 194 RUSSIA and Mffia^e W JGf^i; inas Soatb-Eaft diro* tU C/2f«/«, ttd dMa dot 8ov& li^ T^rtmrt, ftUt imothe JTiurtMr Set at Opiakw^ ,. &t^l4»inerlim'iM.wlucS,fffiMiiit^ Wed tliib'i>iJU wad then, dtviiUng Fi^Sm^ fi«m LnmtM, Mi itto IkeAdMrbdowll^ ^ md Stil.) It faring in lb aunr dHlbtnt ClimMn» tkt Afr mnft of Cowie fie as £mac TW Nordi it coftml with Snow diteMbttdU ik AeYctr, iM fiauce kabkable t The Middle of the Coontry ii tem^fe* and thf Soodiem Fk»viacct warn. And as ^ Autjh the S^ is very diitcicnt. In the North, Forefti. Mo- nkey, BogSk and tianen Sands» few bhaUtanH, and not many 4iMmak. The Middle of JR^gs and the Sooth are froitfid Goonbfes, Md lopply tlie Nwdi with all Manner of Provifiona by 'dieir nav^Nble iivmu tafc^ »d Cantfs. The Middle of Rt{^m u covered with inow px Klipndii lA tKe Tor. They have continued Frofti in Winter, fiot as fpott JMA^e Snbw mi3t»p Graft and all Manner of VcgetaUes ^mn$ a|^tkeCh tkeinftol •Wher. J^hanjje «•««•/* ,W. tome ?w Heefi I^T^Vdef r**»«widi ixoveoieots, NfufedMo Y^» and! ^ i^ s s r A «l Che Cw^ • ?'*' '^«>"y ' However ifc-iT** "* "•* Throna TlmA*jta ,. ^^ * '"'' ""^ OUT H^ R U SSI JL M AcidcmiH at Patrjhrg, and braag|u teanMd Men duthor tnm .fT*ry.lfatipnin.£«r«^.. Thi* City he built ia tlMYe«r i7^i„iad made it the Capital of hia Ein|Mre. Nor did he only cncoqra|e die Sdeacet, but introduced all Manner of Diveriiom praAifiBd in other. Citiest aa Plajrt, Operas, Concerts of Mofick, &r. But no- thnw did he cndcavoor with greater Apfdication, than the Difd- plinine his Troops, and raifine iKoyal Navy. His Forces* which wcimuie Contenipt of all his Neighboars, he made equal to the beft Troops in Eiirpft, knd his Fleet, in a few Yean, became an Over- jnatch for that of Stved/t. " And as the Ruffiamt are Men of gpod ^Stature, hardy and robuft Conftitutions, if the fame Difdpline is kept up^ which teter tbt Gnat introduced, they cannot ful of Muting a confiderablc Figure in this Fart of the World in a few Yean. TAe Titles of the Sovtrtign and Neti^fy.] Petir the Gftai ftiled himfdf Emperor of all the Ru^as, and having enumerated moft of the Provinces of the Empire, added Czar QfDimir and StamitdM, •Qunmander and Lord ot the hvtrjUm Countries,^ the Kartt^i/chiwi, Griifi$uiiati and KaherJiH/thian Dominions of Ctrtaffim *ni.(Sitrp*, and many other Countries £aft» Weft, and North, the Inhentance of his Anceftors : But being wearied with the tedious Recitals of hh .Titles in Addreffes and At\» of State, he ordered that the f6V.',mb- , Words only ihould be ufed in fuch Inftruments, mz, Fefflus MilkfiU yifoia Svdarta, i. e. Tt his moft highly gracious Mmefty, and that in- .ilead of their ftiling themfelves his ^/ovm, they ihould write them- fdves his SuhjeSt. The ancient Nobility of Ruffia were ftiled Kntz or KnaKijt Beyart, and 1^m -TKeRlvenveiof tbeCrowft ai» fiu4 oo( M MNnnt to mitl^'Wn th^e If iUioM SttRrliaar: •But llic« one Shilling wi!l mudUtmmtdk as.lkcec with at. They fatviih their SoKBemwit^ ProM^i i* «^ M Cloathf, both ujfon a Mafth and in Qgaha*, ndWfy allow cfach the Value of five Fardiings a Dav to ^nd. Whefkr theJE^^Itni Ttoopt are qoartered in .their own CouiflgiDr» ihe Peiufiuit» lend in PrOvifion for their Subfiftioce. The Reventea <^ tKeCr^lMS paid in Money, are, i. A Kind of Land-Tax '^ m lEfiiWil the>eaiatit» alfo are taxed, for their Bpgnio'i, B«la> Mills^ Fi(heries, and other Pofleffions ; other Revenoca arife hll|te^ dien to liter tbcir Habits and Caftoms. lind iiibodaiii^ all lHaSner of Arts and Sciences aniongft theih» In t^^^ngb R<%i) u *» tktr«Mdll)Urjr an Eveijit as ever bapjpened fince the wbrfd nSaa. . Tl|e Rein Deer bf the La^knJm are a CiirioiSky as weUai thefr MaAers i thefe Aniitials rather fly with dueir Skages, than draw dicdi 'on the Top of the Snow ; diejr browie upibn ItBe'Bark knd Uratehes ivf Trees, aitd dig deep diroogh the Snow to cbitae ftt the Mb(s anddr* IfeMth, biving fcarce an/ other Food. Tudr ^Partridges, Hares, Poxes, and fome oUier AhUhiTs, durhlng ^ivhfte in die NbAherh Prbnnces, during^ Oit Wjnttr, is Vdijr 'exdabr- dinary, and coold fcarce be credited, u di«he hsid ndt beifn lb Hiatif JEye-witnefles of it, not tfnly here, bat in all Cooaltki dial Ua wiUun or near the Artie Circte. The Cejfaci in the Ukrain have Ibioe any Town iji their CoaMy^ bat are perpetaally nuiblkfK from Plhce to POitie. Evoy TMbtk of which diitre are opwaidt oTior^, biriM di«n.aIloirfe{wheie Ibeyiht liByTiae) widi flight Materials, cipible of ooaOdttif a dibbluil reople each, which diey leaVe.behind dran dn thatrReefiovd, and creA fncb anothv at their nest Stage, llieir wWkar .Boats, coWfecd widi SkiMt with which dicy iAie oat of the ^irm.Niiptr vtm die ^MTfev Sea, and invade the fark^ Territories, kave been nwlH id n it already. ^ „ ■ U^jkt^ itfelf is oae bf diejMatdl Coriofidtt in the R^fim Eflipfae. This Gty compidiends fbw^wns eaSted, as liHAa does.duroet aad is adorned wioi diree Royal Palaces t three Caftles #%ahrfy ferdled, and Mm than laoo Churches, befides a mignifioaBt Cadrtdod^ de> dicalcd to die Ueffed Vii«n, aad abo Noblenien's Pahcea. TheWMs is pf a drcalar Pignre, aiiriy Miles ia CircuaUoeaoe. The Rivtr M»Ao runt through it, and they have a Bridge over it one Third loMDr dian l$ii4hn Bridge : There are between twenty and diirty fine Moaaftcrics in and aobilt die City. Lmdgtmit.') Their Langaoie Is a Minora bf dM Stk^mdmi aad P«/i». The H^ffl^m Pattr^mJL is as fallows : OtJU mft, yr^wk wiitkth I ia Jkttitfia Mia t^rnit i dk fMitiaaiJl^ak tvali | ais M wm4 tvoimjah aa iithtJSi aa km!i i etitk aajb wfafekmi liijiditaaMti \ i »/l«vhak iitifi nafiia faitit i Mr ejtavUama S^aitda mjjkim | i at ^'vtiA ai aat hot have a Middtade of ^iftnrai of dM Saint! in their Churcha, whom lh«r pnj to as Mecfiators. Their Fafts are very fevmc } diev have foor i^fH, n^ich taice ap near Half die Year. There are a gneat many MooaBanm and Nonneiies fai M^Mm t hnt ibgr A JRqpdaiioQ of PHir I. none are fnfend to take the Vow nntil ^bef are fo Years of Age, or, indeed, admitted liU then into » Gloiflir. The OoAriae of TVaafebftandadon prevails in the Grttt Chmch. Their iPrieftt are allowed to many, hot not dMir Bifliops 1 thejr he- JieitithlUiChs Holx Ghoft does act proceed from the.Soo. M E T R O P O L I T B 8 (5j i KitwJH and J|W. .1 MthiwMtj and . f R»»mjhf and ARCHBISH.OPBLICKS ^14,) 6. IS »-t etjfm. t.| y « j ii i i' ! » : '«^ ir^^^ r« and "iws;: '^r^ BISHOPH ICK S. (7.) I. JHt ft tm nf u i , 1 fS- SmlewjM. ,UN4yi|lSIT,IBS. (4O I. JMtw. If;}. dtmikmtK a. ,1^. ,n 4. tLtrhmi. AC A DC MI Et, (a.) At Mtftim and PtttrkMrt* N4 ll^ii/band n# t«« R U 8 S I A: • ^rheM«f|0|i6Kle^ fiaM tbe AboUfluojt the Pttrurckate, Uvt M ion,' nor W ■ccoQMable to «iiy Kcdefiaftical Coait or Juif- Tbe S:^d of Aa^lergy caMWt call thoin to Account. ion; £«icb'i>f thf Metropolites md ArekbidiopSf it appfan, have ^o lllilrfe^tKeBnhdMlNitoile. ' ^ -i Th^C^'PtteA^Ct^t, did nfol'^ly fettetht Lands and Pof. ftffibm^dHfFatrUHrch, ba^thofe^f the Monafteric»i but finding it fairet| t> ,.. ,.„^.) I^hft, proper Cotnii of RuJ/ia are the filver tluble. valued MetkhM^^m^ Ihe Half and Quarter Ruble, with their Copec, or ■Mmm^ Tk%Q\^9rioxm u a Gold Co;n ofQ/. 6^. Value, ufually caikd a Dttcfa,l|y For(igo«l(». . > . i^lMm arii mcmraU EvMs. •r#^tf1l,If E •HtJjUiAtt of StytbttiH Of Tartarian Rxtra£Hon, a wander- ?:: I .. ihg ;p«ople,' without any fixed Habitation ; the very NaaM tsf A^^tii fiiid^ implies tLU^tndtrtr. > JTi^, rile Capital of the Vk^Mimt^m^^iMMt Ciqrtheybttiiti Their Prince W^aitmt ha- ving Mttmded'hls'JGtaqMll'fcr cowards the Baft, laid the Fonnda> tion of another €lty» Amu looo, to which he 'gave hfe own Name Wtttdemir. ^o this City he removed tjie Seat of the Government ; Apd having- manied the Daughter of the Grtchw Emperor, Ba£liut ftfikfr^itfliJk profeffi(d himfelf a Cbriftiam^ 'and introduced the Crtdk "KeW^otk Vfi Rii0a. Many more of the Tantar Leaders lefc their ramfaniig Life» and built them Towns aboiit itbo fame Time ; and other entered Into t Conib^acy aniTft them, Amm 1*97, andv after a Wi* of fom« Dortfloil, oblwd the RtfMmtif to become tribiicary to them ; and they remained fubjeA to the Kingdoms of Qijam and Afiratu upwards «f two hundred Yean. The^i^M/, hanng thrown off the Tmrfr Yoke, « removed' (he Seat of the Govfrnoaent tQ Mo/c§v), in the Mlfc Ccntoiy, y0$tt Ea/flw)iittt vAo bevan his Reign in 14C0, united the feveral States and Prineipiilities of tne R^ffimu^ and added the Putchies of Ntvirod and fnuttr to hfs Doauntons. as hi> Son did the Dutchiet of Phjkow and SmtUnJko. . /e^r, or Ivn Pafiltwitnt his Grandfon, who began his Reign in 1 e40, made s Conqueft of the Kingdoms of Ktj^n and Afiratmt \ and was firft ac- knowledged Sovereign of that vaft TraA of Country tcalled Sihntt, which extends Baftward at far as Chinm. It was in this Prince's Reign, that the BHgiiJt^ nndcr <^et. CmttUtrt (who went out with Sir Hugh MM/ttm to 4iiii/^ entered on this t xpeditifB in ^ Reign of Bthmrd VL Kin^ iS Bugitiidt s and Pof- t finding it Lands, »nd n, a wander- very Name »l>ital Off the y^oiamt h«- ^e Fonnda- »h<»wnN»a« Government ; " Leaders left fame Time ; e the reft de- U». and other Hij^i, entered a^a>V»rof Kgfv to them ; ' thrown t« the RUSSIA. aot Jth' S4^i»wiite did not only aake my eonfidenble fbmgn Coa- £ lefts, bot fobdoed the Vaffid Hmjlm Priaces. and perfeQIy £ftnycd e Cdaftitackw* which he coald not efica. tUI he had cawed iiemal of theTrihotary Princes with their Families to be naflacrid* aadfiriaed on their Territoriestftom whence he obtained the Nameof Th fyrmit^ The C^u$ or Qetrtt^a, who hab the Ukrmmt fitvate hatweea the Rivers i>M wad.Nitpir, (hbmiuc J the CzMxJ/txit Mkhmdwim, Father of Ptter th* Great % many ot the CalmiKtt Cirts^pamt and Gttrntm Princes alfo havefabmitted to the Kuffiami. • 1%e Cutr, ?€ter tin Greats rrigned jointly with his elder Brother 7«At, antU the Year 1696 ; when Jo^ died, leaving three Dangk- ^ers, M» and took it from the fitrktt dmu 1696} aadthn having opened a Paflage into the Blmck Sm, he defigned to have built • Royal Fleet, and to come in for a Share, at kaft, of the Navigatioa of that Sea with the Tmrit 1 and accordingly r«ne to moft of the Ma- ritime Kingdoms in Burefi for Ship-boildera, offering great Reirarda to fuch as woflld come into his Country, and affift nim in raifiag a flttit* He foon. after travelled into H»UnaJ aad EmgloMtlt takiag yotti^ Noblemen and Gentlemen with him, to learn the Art of Na- vigation, aswdl a» Ship^buildiag. The Czar, while he was in f af - hmd, worked, hifflfelf in the King's Yard a DtptfirJ^ and made his Noblemen handle the Ax. He acc^naintMl himfelf alfo with alnuMft •very other Av^ai^l Science, and earned People of all Profeffions back with him, oihriag them great Bncouragemt^nt. He made « Trace with the Ti^ks in the Year 1 700, and dedared .War aninft G^i^Ut XII. the young King of ^wntSw, having fiit entered into aConfcdcnM^againft that Princr, with the Kings of Dtnm markt PtkuJt and Pritffia. He was very unfortunate in ue Begin- KiM of that War, being defeated by the King of Snutdm as he lay before Viirvm wiUi an Army of 100,000 Men, lofing all his Canaoa and Bamge, though the Snunli/i Army did not amount to ao.oco Men. However, ue Czar obtained a Vidory over the Siueiies in Limtmimt iq the Year 1 702, aad took Murienimtg, and feveral other Towns, it waa in the lail mentioned City that one of his Generals took the Lady KtiimriH*^ whom the Czar afterwards made his £m- prefi, tbo* (he wu an obfcure Virgin of mean ExtraAion. The Officer who took bcr, proud of his Prize, could not help boaAidg of it before the Caar. who demanded to fee her ; at which the General trembled, but durft not difpute his Sovereign's Command*. The Caar no (boner (aw her, but ordered the General to withdraw, and from that Time took Jier to his Bed, and at length married bar. Tha Caar, obtainiag that deciiiva Vidory over the Kiagaf Smedn, at Pakmnn in tha i/iM««, Jm$ 1700, (boo after mads an entira Coaqucft 01 U/viiist depofed intmjjlmu King of P*Umd, and f^ccd King Autufiut oa that 1 krone again. Tki Tktfytt h m ki^ d n TVfio *$AAi tte Jli^lMiillii7ri* iteCav «Md IMBAn^, la &i|»agtMm of bdug johyd jb ^ y ' 'ig^ tiwir ffCVOUt tndi •'ferMic Bbdir 4i Vvootot ^ In ^nMcIi mIm «iBciyvd« lewibiUMiiAy the 7arJw od tht Sttki «f ibe ^#i(i», ltd iftar a iMii «f Ant 4MiM, 4W«Ni 4o fOfchafe 4 joht. iig his NHMn AHiei f^n, he tedboed the S-weM/kPmirmtim hi 1711 1 end in the Yew 1714, Mi Fleet ^efirned that >ef 4MMribr» hi AeMph df #iyUHA Afttr ^kh he ffoceeAed hiiM wd ichi ft all Iteakr of ktu m»d ScieMes «t Pint^iir, md y miw l l erty ■» Hm. 4*BqrMaflBe. The ipitiiiN:h«filii»>^l)rlaftaMiei the fame Thae^ ha«Mlcd himfeirto be aekMiiiedgbd Maad^ tl» GM»i Gheieb^ ftised the Laadt «f the Peiriai«haie» arid df thb MdMfteriM, tnA Uddcd^Aem «• hieiMniOeafeftii. lleeiitedif)teMrA)iheYearf7i7, and paitiedhirif the Afiriewy af :S iidbvft hk •abjefti. fteanaiag eo Phw J I m^ % ^e Year i^t^, he -oi d e ied liaa. The'GMr'havhit ntadtt MMMf Maiir tlr fMae^/, he mvadad «k$KiL King bTdiMlNh when dke Maeeft C/Mm wat-upcin lAie ThroAe tf9wdm} w i b e w ayoafta •And him advantageoM Terms ef ^Piace, a«d4twaitKl«Mli«oa- chided hi the Year 1711, that-f^tvaifb, JtigHm, Cmiki, aadthe Di* iria of fTfhmrg in FmAnn/, IhMid be «MdinHed !fb m!m. Aboit the ftne fTtaie the Caer leek ^ipen hhMf4f (he Title etlSmaeMir of tU the Ai^, and he ivaiaAemttdt aehMwledged aeianbjr ell ehe Powan of f en^. . The Ozar. taking Advantage cf^ OiliVan in Fir^, made IdaifelfMafter of ieveral Provinoei in that Kin^omia ■I7ts, parti- cahrlyof the Soath- Weft Coifta of the OMmtiStk. Abaat the Ame Time he obliged hia 'SuMeai to^Wcir>tbir wwtld obey whomlbever he ihoukl nomhHite hit 8ttcc«lbri ifbr trhidh'he appointed the Bmpreft Cmtbtrime Alatkwtmt bch^ hit fiwond Wile, ao Aiccced hhn^i aad dying hi the Year 17*4, Ihe ifeaaiid the -Throne of Mi^, The King of Dmmri having fticed on that Part af AfvDMehjr «f Sit/uiek, which belongs to the Doke of ^#^«,;MldtheCBa- rial equipping a ftroag Fleet, which the Dtnus itnM;hMd was Uit fvr, toproieA both Nailoni 4gi)illlfheffi#«»M fnd, as it was given out, 10 pieveat the R^/Jkm bringiag oeerthe Prciendci ArCnr * • — -» ibkMVMieK. prctcadtt PKtMidw ID /TiyMA dMiit^ tkt QHunak ^rnHttA k 1M fiictf«d iMo Iwr TlKWghii. Sir;|^^ M»tI< wte fent irilli « ^MdMiaitQ tht J«Mtf tiM kwt Ycir, 1737, «a amii (ht imk Tte Curiu djrkig aAttA Rdl^or twoYwv, Mhw a MIniv GnndlbA af iVMrfi* 6fMg«» and 60a of the Gaai^wila wha A in PrifiM, WM adamced ioiIm Tkroaa af Jt^^ .bf tke AppdM^ nent of the laie Ccarina 1 to wham cha Priaie iifiniftap» hinct JMba*. a/^Mf, procaiad hii Oaagbttr to bea&ooM i bit tha Jlq^Rnt, no. fendnghk Infotcaca, caufed him to bclwmiMi* iwa ftJtiwfa. PMaaa IMgirMt the next Minifler, IpUt apon tha fiUbc Rode iUimHtfimi done, bf cmifiiq;ha Daoghier w be contiafted aa the y fradr bcfteged, ha foand himlclf ander a Neocfli^ of dapping up« eace, withoat iadnding tha R^a4ms his Alliei. After which tha RilfiMu were obliged 10 relinqulth all their Conqnefts on the B/mei St*, aad oudwas good Ternu as they coald for themfelves t and noc longbiftia tke'Curina fdrrendered to tha ftrfimnt all the Conqoalb Ptttr tki Gnat had made in diat Kingdom, near the Shoru of tha CeAiMeSca. The Ciariaa Amit, dying on the aSdiof 0^iAr»' 1740, appoiataf for hs^aafcato >»• die Son of jhtbtm UMe, Z»oka of ^nwAwrol- ir$JfimhttU, and of JiiM his Wlfo. Daa^ter of C&«*ik' Dekaof MickbiikmKg, mA tha Pri|ioe(i KmthtrHut who was Duughier of the late (Suit Jtim, elder Brodier to Ptttr ti^ Grtut. During tha Ifiaorttv of . iha .yoang'Empespr, who was fcarca fix Mondu old at l|is JicciiBoa, Coont ^irM, Duke of CturU*^!, had been nomi* Bitad kq^t by the late Ciarina i which the Pr'nceb Jnnt, the Em. peror*! 204 9 fF E E E N, I! perat*i liodMr, inagining Ae Mm better eattdd toj, tfy^'Wtlie^ ThiOM 41611; ordered Coant Mmuek to appKhend %"lltite'or. M Ciw/iii^, caaibd Um.t!» be .tried Ibr HigbTreaibit, «adK4odi«Afiined ' Princefi BlhuittC, yoangeft Daugikter of ii*#Ar* /A# G»i«r« prtfclaimed her Bnjfireif on the cth of DutM^ff, it^U »-«um1 made cbe Infant-Em- |wror, «jth hi^Fadies and Motbor tte-Doke and Dateheft cS Brunf- ^ekW^^mhtilt^'faSatmn^ u»ge(herwitb Count Mmuth and OJItr-^ jHUMlhtfCliaiicellor. ^The&otepces paired againft die Family ofthe' D$^»rmif9f and otber Noblemen, in the Rdgn of tbe EmpfeA AHme, ^ weve roretfcd, and the Duke of Cou^i^ml was reedled from hii .'^ Exik in Sibtrim^ Coont Mumiek wo/iO^iman were condemned to die, and led to the Place of fixecadon, bat tbeir Sentencb will cbinged ■ to Baoiihment in ^fimtfw ■•-, * i : :i ; .'^■•j ' > The Czarinn Eiitabttb, ^n after her Aceeffipn, invitod the young Pidce of Htlim. (defcended .from* her elder Sifter) into Ri(ffi»i de- dared him her Heir, and gave him the .Tide of Grand Prince of Stfffim % inrhercopon Imi idinqaiihed hit Pretenfiou to ^ Throne of Siuedfa^ to which he was alio next Heir, andptoieflccthimfelf of thO^ Oriti Church, and is ilnce married .id the Pno/^jUtsifumaid A»' Jm// Z*r^, by whom he hath liTne a Soii, named ^nil R^tr^tmixt for whofe Birth great Rejoicings wcie made in EnglaiuiwaA other Fo« reign Countries, as well as at. Ptferjimtit the Capital of Rmfia. > In tbe mean Time a War breaking out between Jtmfia and tSwAAir, the<^«fll JB^f^H lCi**4lL ifiNJH ¥^ 5 fT E D E N, PART ofthe ancient 5faff/A'«««v«, which comprehends Swntin% Dtnmarkt and Ncrnvaj. Situation and Extent. \ '.' ' Between { 5 V jttwcen i and VN C 69 J ► Being < 800 Miles in Length. 500 MSlei in iNidtfa. B0mdariit.] T^OUNDED by K9nvtgiait UpMt on the J3 North ; bv X»^« Baft i bv the Bmltit 8«a, whi^ divides it ftom Gfrmmmjt on Uie Sooth 1 and by die SfHdiM dM ^Mw^and the Staggtrme, with the Dtfrm HiU*> wkkKdMllilftoil Dt^mmrk and N9niHtt% on the Weft. ."'^ '; .Gnw ijinKiwnncQ AAi»%liich fthk Ifyj^an the Princefs iciaimed her Infatit-Em- efft of Bri(«5A 'imily 6fthe mpcen Antit, led from his ;^ iiukmned ta . wU chinked/ «d the yottog^ uad Prince of he Throne of tunfelfofthe^ md other Fo- a ud ■S'WHbWi tire CoD()iieft bed at a fuc^. d. tame othet' lieads Swedti$i in Length. ,«,*■>> • ,.-_ -wm ^WWBSPHjjl ^ 1 n U H «■" J- «^~ c^t 1 L i m m ^^>fe "1 * m immstgig. ^j:*^js4m^. ^®*J^^T. -V I 1^ n 'l::Jr' B^-'Wm f/S .^P* 1 / mS \k r/»E^ w ryi >»■'■>;> 001 X ITili^^ OT SAitmx. i»j? i*«Mr mSL 9i 00 ■«-,- I in Bratdth. ^iJW on the ■Mr8««,whHh ScMcOfodtlM hlTHdlTtfloli ^*Xji» ^e-i ^-4Mi,4 X^t. 1 X. A **i^. . ■'■ :t-:'r-'i*g»v<>. -v •' ,, .^ ■* - . ■< r#¥ m '^} ■^■'c i. ^ Jkr ■^"^kt*^ •m^^ '■^ --v-k ^5iP*».j ^^r^; yC^: 1 "Tf 1 I . — ■ I'v-T-^: ?J>74 ■■r^rw^ ^ » > I li>i^ ■;W •i^r CAm^ riflttfe.'v ' ..••'"9«5^B ^?!!(r 7:^:^1 ,«4(b4.«*N0(^ ir^ c « Rli ^^i•... j-'-iifew? ■''■ ifti- ...A.d* ' * \/ A .:///i-,:.^. HBniar? ^OKWJBt, « ■■ v.^ »»> X "'•Wt'^M'iiiTlH * ^^■^.. ■•f^- ^^ Hi-' »0 ^ 1 7 **^ t ?5 /^ CD y • ""' »A m^^tCm^ \ s^ \ ^ n -5J^^^ i pbwtUw \ "^ 1 * JvB ^ ••• A yi V C «v»i.jk r •s !5r-ir V- tI rrjT ^\ 1 l^iiw— JHiMI4a^.JHHLte_JHH>L__^i^HMBL__JBMH-_ii^HBI % W'^f' ■■^a>. 1. V T.-^P'^^^r* M S W ED E Gnad J3MB»si* Sabdivifions. _ (TAfrairLapniaik.— -' N, I. tMhaiVlA Nortb. Km Lapmark- «^ Pittim £apiuiic •—— CfaM LapAitrk -— 'UftMJia 2. 5< «0j . Ohief Tomu. i7bv-m,Z. Lon. ss-ac. Umm JUtm. Orthn • Gtftt DUJh Htdifurm JuM Hanufiuid ,Rtftiuub, G«tttAng, E. Lon. 1 1* 30. NT Lit. c8. GtW DmUlmrg, Mtimt Ltudn Omftiamfiait, CWv/. Hilmfied. 'Nakmklj Oum»iarm Ktjkimpf Htl/mif»H Trmvaiiat Ah$, £. Lon. 2I-30. N. Lat. 66>3o. The Remainder of Ftnlanil, viz. Kixholm and Cmtfia, of wkich tTfhurg is the Capital, have been mentioned in the Deftnptkm of JZiv^a, to which they belong at prefent. Gethland.- 4. T'inhnd. — — .^ Smaland —— WtrmilMHd — DaUa -— Stbnun — - Bkkimg •— ^HaUoMd — — 'EafiBotbmm-^ Cajatiia Sav^Uxia Inland — Trmtafiia Fiti/aiidFtopeT >< >< 5. Territories in Gfrwairr, lately belonging to SwedtM, "WeHernPcmerania, Part In MickltiAtrg — — Brtmen and Ftrdtm^ now annexed to the EleA. of lUmver Diturp9Htj , or Vtrbrug' grn in the PmUai- natt 'Strmlfiind, B. Loa. 13. 22. N. Lat.'c4-si. BrmfM, E. Loo. 8-80. >< N. Lat. 53-25. Dtintptit$^ B. Lob. 7- 15. N. Lat 49-25. 6.9mMd^ Pt§ 6,Sv^^\(itwifi & tr E D E K GttUam/t ^r HlFiM 8. Lta. It. Mumiahs.'] TIm ^xoft noted |^ nrf ^ Ptfrhu Moontaini^ which run from ^<^ to Soath|^ ^tWfai ^m tt 'P <^ H*rwH^, for many l)^uni}re4 10.9^, LidiJbi T^^BTf are Abondance of Lakes in Swditit of which the Chief art, i. T'he 4ft>^^ Lake, on whichr5/»(4*iWftand«{ 2. the Jl!/«»r«.] There are M' navigable Riren, i^it a ^H^tode of Torrents, whicd def^ead precipitately fro^ Ajsir Mooiputaim. The chief Rivers are. \. fern, which rifes in HfrniMimii Laf/saiJ, and, running from North t0 S^outfa, falls into the J^s^m ofihcB0ihme Gulph. There are a great many Copper a^d Irpn Mines near the Banics of it, and Abundance of Mills on the Stream^ and Forges for working their ^ffs^(. The Fifliermen, wh9 Uire on the Banks of this River, exchanQ^ «heir falted and dried FiAi, Furrs, and Skins, with their SoiHhcia Neighboors, (ow OloathiBg and Provifions, the Soil of LapiimJ fcciuqin^ but JitdeCom or A^^jeubles': Inftead of Com, tky griiw the white inward Bark of Fii^-Trees, of which they make a Kind of Bread, a. The River Ximii 3. L»la ; 4. Pi' tbim \ and, 5. Um, i(IliiiH into ^ iiuM Ba^ cdP Bt/kft^fi .6. the Riv«r i]k4r'«f&ia, «£tsin, ebe P^'m MooMtins, and, running fivn Weft to Eaft, UU iatp 4ie Bttlmit Gnlf< between die Provinces of VffmJ^ui Gt^si* I 7. the River Kymt» in FinUmd runs from I^orth to Soaibdu is MiMndly a barren Country, thoagh ihm ane fopie friiitfol y^Ilie*. It does not produce Com enough for the IithebitJipts { they import it ihecefote from Poland l on : Such warm Qoathiog b very MoaAhry hate, fer thofe that want It A)metimes lofe their Linbi bjr ttie Semity of ih« Weather. The nfaal Remedy for froten Noib %t Fingera is to mb them with Snow ; for if they cone near the PnT» or into their Scovot, they endanger the Lofs of them. As to the Fattiiob of dMtr Cloitha, it djllers hut little from that of the Gimuns or oar o«int. And a« dM)r Want Heat In this Country, fo they do Light, foi- thejr have ficarcc if* Hours Day-Light hi DtcHmitr, . Gimtu anJ Temper."] As to their Genius and TcinMr» thdr Hifto- rian Puffemterf cMtrvtit that they have a beconinff uravity, and are fbnd of making i grand Appeiriince above their Cu«amlmc«a 1 that they are well verfed in the Arts of O^mulation. ana are emtnwljr jealous and diftroAful ; and that they have not Failenoe to make thcm- felves Mailers of any Science or Mtehanick An. Another remarka, (hat the Sniotikt are Ihldom endowed with an tfauflent Share of Vi- facitV or pregnant Wit ; and yet by Indnftrv, ExMrience, and Travel* ito^, feme of them have made very great Men. But this fccns not to be the Talent of that Nation, they are more apt to lit down whh • fnperficial Knowh;dge, than purfue their Studies to aair D^ree. Thqr are much better qu^i&ed for a Lift of Labour aftd Fatigae, thaa nraeb as the Neo^arics of Life ; and, indeed, none bnt ytxj credo- lous and iKBorant People give Credit to foch Fables at this Day, du>* the whole World feems to have 1^^ bewitched in believing them formerly. LtHpmii,'] The Language of th« Smndti is • Dialed of the Tnaiiicki or ancient Dmttb. Their Pattr-Noftir is of the foUowing lienor. FmUt mimt, km ajt i bimmtitmi btigmtt noanltitt mamyn ttUmmmf tiit rtOt \ Jku tin vnH* tm fm jmrdmam Jm $ himmtlni «ur ^^it brtdgiffffi imk i tck JwUt •/» mmrnj/oildtr, fm /mtBvi ftrimttn tbtK •fm Jk^gt mr9 1 »eb imltdh $/» iSt i fH0ti/t mtbm JrmUs ufk * firm tmk ; tU riJJktt or iitt tb matbitm nb barRibttn i #iMjp(vr/. Amen. ReIigf9H.'\ The StveJet were Pagans dll the ninth Century, when St. SfgffHJt a Nadve of Britmm^ plonicd Chriftianity amongft them. Tha Reformation commehced hen at the Beginning of tho i6th Century, kk the Rei|ti of Otfimvnt Eritbjhi who promoted it is well upon fc' cidar as religions l^ews. The Clovv were his Enemies, and exceed- ing ridi ; wherenvon he fdaed their Lands, and united them to the Crown, leaving me Clergy but a flender Maintenance. iMbermHifiH M the dniy Relipon profefled here ) they tolerate m ether. The ArchbiOiop of U/j/ki is Primate of Swotdn, and ^ ealy Aidibiih.ip among the Lmbmrns, having (even Suffragans under hH. The Archbilhop*s Revenues do not amount to more dian ^oo/. /«r jhimm t and the Bifliop*s Revenues are proportionably fmiil. There are eight or ten Superintendanti* with much the ftoM Pow« as BiOtops. Their Clergy are all mean Peode* the Sons of Pcaiiuti and Medunicki i and have but a Third of tbe Tythes of the Parilbei, nnd a Cmall Pottion of Glebe, the reft having been icined by tk Crown. The chief PiiTeitnces between the Luibnuu and Cshimjli sie< that the iMtht'ant have Bilhopt and Superintendants for the Go- vernment of tlte Chordi ; whereas the C^vimJI Clergy are all cqtii:). and govern ttieir Churches by a Prelbytery, from whoaee dwy sic caHedPrefbyrerians with us. Another Thing they difler in is, tLr eorporal Prefence in the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. IIm Lttbtrmit hold Confbbftantiation, ntiu. that in taking oe Element^ Xhe Body and Blood of Chrift are confhbibntiatod mid taken with them, not tradfubfftniiated into the Body and Blood of our Saviour t whereas the Cahinl/s ellcem thii>Sacramcnt only a CommemonuioB I of X tbUPatt aie iuiil to i£t and cttte their Ub^w- Wreichetii itterjrcrrfo- at tUt Dty. in bdieviag Diilea of tht entuiy.whenSt. ngftthm. Th* B i6«h Cenwnr, M w«tt tt po»fe ' ^,, and cxoed' Kd Uwm to the CahfimJIt *«» no for the Go- ifv are til <4*>^'' ihenco tM «• I diffir i» »•, tL» •ItUElai^ Mid takM WW i of oM Swiof* S ^ M D £ M an af otlr Sa#blr^i>Mh. . JLilhr. iN £a«iH»«9 looknpdB Mto ta a fiee AMnt,thathecanchoofeGMdor£vili whereat the (jMmi$ wuiaA, dnt^Nvr ABdo^itfiMuk'tUfck docieed, and that M hu so Fnotam ofClMtei. » ^i^j^Mrl 4md Byhfriflb.\ the ontj AichbUbopikk yi5«nd»« or in auflftitrmr Cwviry, M hai heea •hfcfVed already* it that of C/^. The BVlNlprida ait Adfe ttGtttmhr^, Lmukii» Lmktffi^, Mt, Wnth, f^nigmt^ and 9i«nv. l^aKMsftto.} Their UntmfitiM irt C^/. Im^, and i#/« t and thoie icaice ever fieaaented by People of DifiiaAion j tj^e Sundifb Mobili^aad Q«ui)raef{iifiag an Learaii^ at Pedaqtry. C O i N S. I. i. d. AGold'dttttle^^taAfaib ■ ■» 09^ ABBi|ht«Ma4cViacaofaavtt ■■' ■ " ' ■» ^.^ .05c A Few-Marie Piece ■■ •!> < > ■'■'■■ oaf an Cafper Oaiai (Ibaie-ae Ug » a MaB*4 Hand) of ftveiai Vu?^«it aad aa thmr fia^newly ^ay Ibiaiga Merahania 4a Copper, the M ' fieging Pu/tawt,_ and fled into Turky, where he' refided (everaf rein'; , mot could the Twrij force him to return Home, tO! they flred die Pahce at Bendtr about his Ears, which they had afligned ktn for hn Refidence. At length he returned through Germany tt $tral/inid in P»mirtm; where he was beileged by the lama Allies that began the War againii him i and having defended the Town feVeral Months, when it wai no longer tenable, embarked foe StecAlain. He afbrwards medits- ' jted the biegr of Ofinhajren, but was prcrented by the BHttJk Fiwt, oithf r to fruilrate his DeSgQ of recovering Brtmtn and Ftrdta fton the EleAor of Haitoivtr, or to difappoint an Invafiott of BriHiii, which he was fuppoiied to have defigncd in Favour of the Pretendrr: Whereupon he invaded A'orat/^pr, and laying Siege to frtitritl^ll on the Frontiers of that Kiogdom, he was killed in the Trenches by a MufltetBallin i;i8. Ibt CtnJlittiiiM eha0£tiiA The Si'ufti, weary of an arbitral) Government, upon the Death of Ch»rlet, elected Vlricm FJtmu I bis youogell Siller Qj^cen } in wititili Choice ihey were fupported by ' the Army, which was commandrd by the Landgrave 6f tirft CaJ^X , her Confort i but it wa« upon Condition (he would transfer the fs preme Power to the States, and acknowledge iheheM the KiosdoBil of them, which (be Iwbmitted to ; and, kavip^ reigned two Yean. I fhe refigned xht Crown in Favour of her Confort the Prifece ofl H^t, who was elcAed Ktng in her Stead, on the like Conditiosil as (he had been advanced to the Throne. Bat this Prince was noil able to defend the Xingdon againil the Rufjlam, who invaded %vi*\ 4n\ S ff^ E D E N. a 13 I tofarrcndtt ft W. !>««!• id innded im ^» ?*?? ^Tar to tat nX- far intoKK^, ;nded»btttja« kins cut off by JdfeverftlTein; I! they ftred *e igneaiiiinfbrhB oiheWaraganft mrwardt mcQi"* Ae *>/*(/* F]«f' L and FtrdtM Ifom yafioA of Brilf^ ofthePfeiendtr ^heTiencheiby* of an arbitiaf! %eMtheK»»«^, (bit ihV^ J the like Cwd'«oH ^ho invaded S^M 4i^ plndcrad ibe Cottocry, ud deftraycd tbdff Copper and Imn Works : Wllamipa% it tlie Rc^oefl of tlie Smdu, n Fleet w^ rent into the B^ftk bgr the King of Grtmt BrHam to piMea that iCSt^aen tiiSvitM dying ividioot Iflite, th« Sfai$itt eleQcd the I>^keorbiififitiG0tt9rf, SonoftiK elder Sifltr itClHv^tXU. to fucceedtothitCMwaiftar thcDeadiofhia lite Hi^Mly t Nt the .DJUni(df inci^ahle of the Crovrh t^ mmtm, hv nc- cntinff die Rtverfion ef the i&|^«e Emi»re, the Syttdit made CShoke wWDeke oCi^Mt i(itfi the Tdfradon tjf any other t ftatlle fcegiflithre:Pavtr, the raltefTfpei, aadmnddng Ltwa, aiottldfai»iNAad' io Am StMet.pniy, if,¥WM the Power of jnaking Peact and. War 1 that the execulivefrQWcr OjMd he lodgad mlbiirteea Scnaebra diden by the'Steter, or T^u fir whom the Kmg ftoidd be Prefidtnt 1 bat that he 0ioiild not aqjlddie with the poblkk MoaeJ^ or difpdb Of Any ConlniSen*» CfvU or Militvy, wiihont die Cenient of thcScnate. The liki Articles the Dnke of IMJMh SmH* fuUcribed ai^ fwore to when he was decHred Socceibc to the Crown of Smvtdm. Their Kinn^ .wei« doQive fqt jntov hnndred Years, and as «vich feftrained and united as at pfefent, till the States aadefeine pf ^eir viAorious Kirig^^ % CQoiplintent of their. Liberties. As «»th»prelbnt OoniBtotion of the Government, k conli^ of ihor Eftates, with aP^ioeeat their l|ead, wjko had the.l^ileand Suteof a King, biif it^ litde of the Anthority of a'9oveiHgn. TlielborBwin aie, i.dw Nobilin[^and Oeairy, a. (he Clergy, ». th»ia%c|Btf, and, 4. the Peaianik With,the Ndbility and R^re- ^ fsntativcs of tile Gentry, the Colonels, Licotteint. Colonels, M^joM, and Captains of^very Regintent fit and vote. , 8, liie Clei^ deA one from every rural Deanery (confifting each often Parilhes) which; with th^Bifliops «od Iftpsrintendaots amount- ing to about 200, reprelent that Body. ). The Magiftrates fnd Council of ev^ Cprpora^n cleA the Bulgers to feprefent them, of which there are foor tor SftcibthM'tiid two for every other Town, amouiiting to ahoot r^b. 4. The Peafants chufe one of their own Number, and not « Gentleman, to rqprcfent them ont of cnry, DiAriCl, amounting to abo«tll;o. ' All thefe generally meet at Sfciiolm, and, after die State of Aflairt has bee« r ep r e fente d to them from the 'throne, thev fepamm and fit hfom (cveral Chambers or Houfes, in each wherioFthe Votes of the M siority eondade dbe reft 1 bot every ChMober hat a Ni^ntive in die '^^ ' O 3 Tho W4 n E N M J R K, TIM €Mt«^ widMNit wkorn dke Kfareai dctemAH ^■bi^fcju.'ilt •feiiaMd froa> tf wwdw , aa the Eaik.bv G«/iinm; i|nd the Bmltk on th« Soodi, and by the Grraiie Sea, which divides it itvm Qr«0$ MrMt, •itheWeO. Diviiioai. ^•# of them M/, ^PioMBottoc •it. CrimiB* patoUat '»<*« I :;v i> vP ^ M ji R jr. ai5 BhrHMMis. SobiUmteN. OmT Towm. Bnm the iaMid» llf < Jthfim a Smk caHai AajJ^t^ VJ»y i>-«« — .' IAmkU at tlif 9v traaoe of die Maltie Scai ZtaltmL the cUaiiiftfriSWAiwi wajapa ^y i^ pwPH^ t,jmi^ «'^4bkj '• •**» Unite '«-4.^u^. ..^ tm^km4 — — — *iAwf, E. Lou. lo. ?*3o dUMMt^B. LoiL^4{« fjte25rv?:jr*»- fnn nmm or ano tk«r8(r^«aUad GrmBitt, no- the #W^ ^ ^ *;* •; Situathn and Extent, Jttwcn i&ioWiH'talkii Betwota {' u^ fN.lat. I qm ki^fln inlMllh. ilwi«/v.] 1Q^ l)N0|^i) Iqr die l^bMii G^i on t6e Noidi. Xl h7 9iwin ai»a Xi|^ tm thital, bv thi j^ nrt Sea, whin WMuaitt it iimB Dnmtrk oni'tha Soeth, ind bt tb furet Mamtit Ocean on ilMi Weft. ^., iaeiVT^<*l^ [iiei to Bteadth. Is^m which *^i*J the**^""*^ QrtM$ Britain. DivifioM. SoMwifiMii. v Chief Towns. Mi^tK n:»;fiM. 5 ^»^*» or 1 f XTaMikar/, B. Lon. aS. Nonh Ditdfioo. j iVr^« I^ai J I N.Ut. 71. CDrmtMmt aod ^riVwr#iw'«,E.Len.i6- I ilJ^' N.Lat. 64. fe w ^^ ^ ^ *. Civi^ow. . '. SabdivifioDi. ChiirTowiu. a ^M^' fjeSr, B. Lon. 10. N. Lm. n fniperfal Ctikk timkirib, E. Lon. 9-40. Giucjlat and dmnutf iab> w y ■ ^ i&wi^v i ttj l%a^«94< another Pobt or €iw ib 't3k SovUrvf Mmmt; fu4i> 3. who j^^^y^Jf. thft North A^ffiuMir, which falUnc predf^^^'li^ tte IfyittfiA, and no. ninji % rflmt Ca»di;* art ican;|e apy 9f ,thepi^^vigiri|b]e beyoBd E(fi M4Hr0CRJ^ENLANl>, ani'WjSlAN^ ■ ( T.^tt.'^ ^ Atlantic "Gi^; "n" ^ ^'^ ■% "»;%.'i '^Iftj/J' ^C-:jR £.-5 N L 4N^ ■ 1$ fi«|iNl^hfljt««bft 19 aMi io Dag. B; Loo. and 96 ai>4 80 Dtf. N.J:ac; OvmAby DtMMirK M uaiaiiabftad/ Thacb^l hale Pifliery is o« ihil Ooaft, whicH ^ -^^jft J^av^ft i» a gmt Meafiire nKtoopttfcd. r ,; WarQ^REl^liXAIfD IS it«a«i iMMtoaa the Meridtaai of XnadW and $0 D^. W. Lob. aad' betweep 6o- and- 75 Dcg.<.N. Lat. ^iihdrited 1^ a barbanm People, amOM whom the Dmut have laietjr fimt Mifiooaries to cw- jrert them toQif^mitf i but I iaBet.wi(|| ■» Tdwm ia ^flopiuf, or tny Produce that vlriU tempt strangers to traffidi with than i Nt | they have a vffy valuable Fifliery on this iCoaft. • Y »rti tn -ri* C.^g LAND Ifiani IS fitui^ tMhviwi tp ^n^ soDeg. W:Loaiand6«ittf47])R|r| ^. tat, ^ha.chiSf Town ia ^a/foiSr, wl^ie the Da»> Go- HfPM reHo^. It 11 % Ipoor barjva Coimtrjp, and yields the So- yeieigsl D $ V M gt n K. >M ' ■ ■ ' Towns. , io« N. li«t I. Loo. 9-4«- niM*»»i *»*»* 15. anaDtiVf' ft. to'p«»*«rl. •notkcr Po»t « laierTtfnwnts, in ivi^k beyoBd Iittoo»rfc8to«o«- •17 ^ddtii Utile froif;.^. TM iMft nmiiedble Tkbg m h k Ike Vat. There are aUb » gt«K many flttkll Mfciai-^,ffejqipft.^;yW- IGM^ borlbiratf oie:«*irlg4>li AiveR 4iipl« ^^ tid^ M J&Av^ or S0iitk ymtUml, wfaiere wf meet with the Bfiir' and the Trm t Thcfe ran a fliort Cowfe firom Eall to Weft, and* anhing didir Wattn, fiill intp ^e Qmnm» Se» belQw Towufijtn. The River Trove riiiss is the^Dnttbt df if«^«^ aal.Tunmne EalL fa&i.mto the Baltic bdpw Stifn\ The Sett bppddriag on the Dmj^ Tcrritt>ries art, die jt aw aw w Occam the J«ir(r» the ^o^gjwVM Sea,-tlka^«9«adk wlvch di. fi(|i|.7<^MiK«A31rJM4whi«h.dMdii;M«Wfita fimmi jmd il» £^ AJlr,, tvUoh diwidei FaoMir 6om ihfrCoi^nett Af- Jif^AW. At Bifiimt, which lies apon the StnOt fiikAli^^Smuk b(Mg ^b^at im mn^im^*. *s iWr t|]|^ ^CplMf aUMpud^Qi. jSMpi ^h«f;]»a^.Mt^M^,A!^ Ih^ AiAf^, , :^ ^gj^ff^-^;;:^^ ^f^t^^/- ^r.} As !d«M4^i^rbj^ H ii flat Cotmtiyi almmding la fiogs Uid ftiwaflBis, and rorroundcd by die Sea, they are cxMninSly fdfijcQ ^/ trndFrOitt •/ JDienpnail^ iP»irffr.] ' , 2f/«W, die chief of die Iflan^s, and the Scat of dw Qovemmeot, is a barren Soil. No Wheal will girtow-haiiB^ tui4 tlte)t4u|isp (ivit Mttltgipd Paftore i great Fart of it b aForeft,j «nd refenrcd for dw KLiagV^^piii, ^«*nr, the next lartailflaML-haa barely Com fii^cieat for theijnhabit^liii. TV lAuid oT M^\Mt^ ftA€vL\ 8oU,> m^ ^pUes Q>p$4h"* with Wheat. The Idands of LaH^/oHj, Pal/tr, and ^«>|m^ we indiffieicmly frnitful. ■■,-'■. ■."'•■■■ The Continent of Juthuid has Corn rofiikient for the Natives, and Iboididsjiif Horfet and neat Catde, which' aic pnrchaicd by the Diaarren as Ntrti the two loMMtial Cities 6f Stmtmjh and Itiitti Aim 10 have moMpiriiaed moil of diA^^For^ Triflkk en thi* Sidr^ Th# Damtt, indeed, have feme Trada with GusMtt and the Vi^imit$, and very gMd Settlements \n Ea/t-hdim \ and the King of Dtkmtrk has hmg been endeavooring to 4nm dM TnAo from Hamiurgb to his Town of Aifemtt which lf& wtthia n Mile tff k, bot does not meet with any.great Succefs in this Projeft. fMlhiCMfiituti$m.y Befoie the Year i66o,rllr J^qsiflative Power was fodged in the States, and the Executive Power .tK the Senate t of which the King was no |nore than Prefid^C* In Time of War, iodeod, he was General of the Sea and Land Fofcca j hot he eoald BMther raife Men or Money, or make Peace or War, without the Concnnente of the State ; bnt the King of £>«n«Mhl Is now as abfo- lute as the Kii% of Franet. -^ '-' ' ; StiltX The Stile of this Prince is, Kingof 4V\'^»'jk> -i. '-■ ^^ Fmtu\ HU UndFyy Miwyyyi.tpiwmni l»#iM)0»iil DnbMfi and iVW-w9. #W^ u^mim^ ^ the l^eafaMik •• jii « mmk VLand. _ . ... \ ^''!;, .-■;., givtui$ mad Sfttiis f^jaus.llCht Rev^1i&«ta|t>ra«» to 500,060 /. fer Jamm, but then the Army I^Jfb ok ao KjqpMqe to the King s they rather increafe hi» Reveniw ^|i4en th(nr |in| ipi Foreign Scmce. The Coftoms and Exdfe on Ifhfo&ow, ja^ IjUptla of the Crown-Land*, a Poll-Tax, Dude9 on Pa|lr and Lnw .D»- ceedinni aTM on Stock and perfi^mal Eftatesi pn.Ma^niiges 1 fpi Trad^Mn, in Prc^frartion to the Gauu thqr mafce, are,^ piiicml Species of Taies; JandcheKing m*y m^ok i^ ^^p^y mnmjm fmm h Norwi^ J TIm Revennn of JV«hm^ tiKci hfi^t Teti^ of Timber, Tar, Fim, iind OM, and fiinm tlleir Mine* : Befid^ which they pay an E>«ife, and other Taxes as in DMMMhI. The Ttd! of theMnM/prodacct iboQt6c,oooCrown»*crilh«Mi. ^*'^ ; ^^kQiffi m Denntti(i} The Nation is perp^nally dadncd of Cam by db Officers of the Arm/, who are ufuaUj jPofcig n«n % and* if thejr lay np any Money, place it vnot in Foreign Barnes, as thcv Mm lufiniacn do, whien th^ get any: 'TlrieK c&^fiderd>lft. The^- laaeeof Trade nUb bcmg afunil them, carnes off a mat de;!. jt it Mvoi»,1 The Jhmtt are m'aally tall, ftrong-bodied Men, with good Complexions, and feir Hair, red or ytUnw, whidi neidier Men or Women endeavour to conceal, bnt take great Paiia ft) cad. Hey 1A<^ true DtUelk Shapes, imd move Very ^vily. BM* mutGtmm.'} J^ to their Habits, diey nfoally imitate tho Fiwar^ Drefi, bnt in Wuter wrap themfelves up in Furrs or Wool Vljut ihctr Ncighboan. Not many of them are happy in a bright Geniua: Thev are neither good at Invention orImit«^n ; neither des|4y kameo, nor eaceUent Mechankks. Their Vioes too ate the fiune as their Neighbours, Intemperance and Dnmkemiefi. The capnman People are faid to be poor fpirited Wretches, nothing of die Warlil^, cnct^ainir Temper of their Anceftors remaining ; liten to Cheating and Tricking, and eitremely jealous of being mpefed on by euwrt. The Nn-w^imt Meed are a brave, hardy People, and have much more Conraee and Vigour than die Dmtut, ■hf whoai thi(y are however hardly aied, iinoe Utej hne been a Pro* ?(ao9 of Xmeri. Otri$fitie$.'] k^ 1^ DEN MA R K. CmMu.l The ttkiag of Whales in the Scm of Grtnhud, |. •MMig the Ficlda of Ice that have been iiKrca^g far Ageir it OM «f ihegMtteil Cnriofitiet^anWatai*. ThefeFields, ot Pieces of tok aie 'piqif 4mm a Mile in l.eaqph fr a quwri y, nnd «tpw«rd» of an Jkundiad J|ectiiiThicknefsi and when nejrare.patin Modoaih|r.a Storm, jpo^j^ilg can be more tetriUo. The Dmci had thirtBen $mf* .4SnfiH hf 4iem in one Seaibn. ..*-'! «'• • r?H !*♦ ^ _ ) aitfevcral Kindt of Whales in ^GrttiiM,faiotiWVim m, (Others Bias. One of the Uack Sort, the grand Bay Wh4i^rJljM moft Efteem ^ Aocoant of his Bollc^ and the great Quantity of JFaj; hc^tmiidl, which turns to Oil. Hii Tongue Ivafout '^htten ''Feet ' •«»'^IRillber__ ,^ _ ^ _^. ^ *^ht«en Feet lin, inclofed in long Pieces of wTkatwtTcan'Wll^. itoi», which a^lo^ witha.Kind of H^Kkedorre.Hdir ; j^m) ttH^Wh^ide oi|iis Tongoe are two Ifundred atid fifty nec^ flfthrs Whilii^ne. As to die Bone^ ot hii Body^ th«y iatt as Md oi iii-Ofi iJhMies; and of noUfe. There are no Teeth in hfs nifodth^ 'and li^% 'ifeally between 66 and Sol^eetlong; veiV thil^kabiQ^tihi»Hex fiv^Boln they come near the Whalci the HarfiiMiecr ftrike? hinaLwitb his H -^^ -^ .. -l_ .-J the l^qbd 9f the Boat mi\ lt«>torith(iSideoLfTConei , Whale has tun f(TOehundr$:d Fathom ^em^jTieu forced to oAnesD Ibr Air^ wh^n'he makes ibdh a terrible Noife ^ith his SpoUtiii|p tinl (bme have compared it to the Firingof Cannon, do fomi i^i^ him wi^lj Speqirs /li: jH« v(qj Paru, till he, (points .,4jp,^tr<^s of 1 Inftead of water, beatine the Waves with his Tfail and Fins, tijli Sea'is aU in a Foam, the ipats continning to follow hini fome Leagues, till he has loft his Strength 'i and when he is dying, he tbms \AteM I upon his Back, and is drawn to Shore, orto the' Ship if they Beats JDiftaace kwm Land^ whpa 4iey cut him in Pieces, >im4biy-bflpngtiw Blubber «xtMMR the O'rf', if^hey have Conveniences on Shore i tmier* wife they barrel np the Pieces, and bring them Heme ; but nodusg can fmell ftronger than thefe Ships do. ~ fevery Pifii is computed to yield between Sixty and n Handled Barrels of Ofl, tof die value of •}/. or4^, aBvrel. Thouffh^thoX^MCf claim this Country of Esft Grm^ m d , where thefe Whaks ave taken* ikcfimeh haire in a Maiaet mon^pdised this Fiftiery. t< Befoie I leave Grttniatu/^ it may b« projtar to take Notice of the miraculous Elbape of eight En^ifimn, ^ remained belt all Wiaict in the Year i6 to. ▼ I In of }iB%»^ Lby » Stom, jaantiiy ofFat orle.Hstif ri*l» fty Pieced «fft» roftth, an^,m|he Middk di it. and.happened to find Whale Oilenoaj^ to fiirml^Bem'wttd I^^|i daring tne dark Seafon.; and thus, with the VeuHro they killed, rwd the l^ritteirs or Offiii of the Whales, aflber the Oil was prened out, ^iijr laid up Provifion enough to ferve theih thi Winter. ThiftPrott |ie« ferved their Meat from PutrefaAion, they had no Occfti|on for Salt« the Want of which preserved them. They had a Spring of "-^i^xa near their Roiife, which kept open tiU7a«i/«ry, but nen wns <;atiit ?y fiozea ^p, arid they had no odier Drink but melted Snow aftttwvida. However, they all lived tiU the Shipping retomed in A^if foOowilig, and were brought (afe xo EngUudt having recdve4.9f^ l^^fllfr «f The Dutch heaHng of thU, and reaping Aich vagkfeiri8Bi% the Whale Filhery, knt a Colony duther, prorided win tiX tumaet of Neceflaries, but every one d them died of the Sciiinr«y; belMV the Shipping returned the following Year: Howev^,th# IW(i le- peated the Experiment, and fent another Colony to GnfuJtu^ fSM fttooeedin^ Year ; bat tbde Men alfo perilhed in the fapie IfaiUNr. From which Time no Nation has attempted to make Setd^nota there ; tho* it is efidciit that thefe two Colonies were l^^.py d^b Salt ProvifiOns, from the journals they, left be! Jvd; ioiA #• |lt^ft than diubgl^ W|k> ter, there is noDpobtbttthey might live there nn)itt|ii0t)i«.«|dht Engli/bmtm did ; bot it is not worth thf wl^^le of any Nati|^ jbutuiB DMtti, who have in (bme Degree monopoli:>:td that Fi/hli7i to jffyw die£icperimentagain> j ^^,ir Itir.^^* Ltrngumft.'] The Langnage of the Gentry is Hifihl)»U^t, ^Pkmt wiA that of the Qtrmam ; but ihi commdn P«op)e ofe « DtaleA df the ancient Ttutmtit, the Pattr- UtMtr whereof is of the fcillOWiBg Te- nor, fV/27i^r, (km eribi^mtlin i bttHgt ij^it Mr lUgiii tllktmm Ml ■ rigt ; vtrJt Mm liltit ftta mdtnfim i bimHuliH \ pf u i dag ^mt Miglin bnd ; 0jr fii^iadti vir jijUftm vijkrfydt vutt fqiiintr % tg iud pritkt ifrifirtifit mik/rttt et frm Mt; iti*tgtt» MtWtrdftnSrHltg- htMewgbed. Amen. • ij ;?;;.* i . M['« < <> •47 The Four MaikjniiDrofPMr«r«rl ' '> o a I ^whldl ftoM tfance ohtaincd the Name of the CimtriMM Gktr/mu/t. The Tm n m t uakm Triba llhmds. Tlie y^es and iliyiSef ibcceedcd dis CAwtrif la tka C kt/nt f k ^ uA from the ><»/ thit RninMa obcaiacd Ike M«M-tf Tbr/aaiilL And in Ae fcnrth Caamjr we ind the bht' M wanoff iMft'Coanvlea, and riie North Waft ofGtmmf, caBd AuMor, a People vary terrihle to the PmM Provneci of Gaal ui JlF*«Ai. TImt invaded and phindered the anX^oaft^ and oMigcd ibalUwaaraoaaiion their Forcei on thefeOonfti, whichwcre coah tMMiai hf an Oficer ftiiad> Cmm /ktrh SmrnHH t Bat the S*jmt HMN not aUeae ft* thamfclvM in BHt^Hg nniil the Dedineof the ■Mmm Vmfbt 1 whan yartigmit KiM oT IMnl Jrvia/*, fawiiad thna nfa H bt m ^JM Year 4x0. » defend SiCoiimiy againft the FiMi aad JhMr. AftMr 4as)r had m na M i J thofe W e i Jiai n Invadcn, thqr aaar> i«!ed with ^ Briuht who called thaai ia* and at length made tJwBi* lalaai antiaa IfaAanof StutkBti$mm, Immt* of whkh Dmrnrnk was dMn deemed a Part, wai at dut Tinae wvidad .wong Abnadanoe of peajr Sovereigns and Statu, whiil iMie an a«iied nader G^fr^ their irft King, about the Year j^ht Ammv and Awimm, or Nttmjtitmtt invaded and harraftd theCoafts of (*Wand BritssK in the eighth Century, and continued (heir Incmmna until the Year 101 a t when S'wmiti, King of Dn- tnarkt made an entire Conqucft of Englmmlt and left it to hit Son Caaaif^ w4iowMKing«f f^j^/aW, Dmm&Ht, Ntnivmyt and SwUnt Tha » 4 ^^ ff M J R g "M lie /imt tmt « im-di 23? \"" 'l"9' '«foeBi»_7_!^ *^^^^^^t:^^. -d ;w^. -^ Jj came imjicd ajrain bv^.T?*^*'"* •»« Z>»»««ri^* aT^ **«* •WiWrV«i;i,Tr«i. '^*"'' "•'I looked aSl^'T*?^*^ i24 h ^ N ti A R JC. cchfvd thd Homage of all the Senators, Nobility, and aergf, ff the Si^ of the Army and Bnrghen, who were onder Arai.to grace the Solemni^, and prevent any Oiftnrbance or Oppofition that Se be nude to thU Change in the Conftitotion. Gtrfhrf^ a jpo- Scaaior, being the only Man who fpolce againft it, and having sd hit Concern at the Approach of their expiring Liberties^ condoded hi* Speech with a Compliment to the Throne, that he wai oonfidcnt hit Majefty only defigned the good of his People, and ■ot to Kovern them after the furii/SIf Model. Thns was the King- dom ofDfHmarit channd in four Days Time, /tmio 1660, from an Ariftocracy to an abtoiute Monarchy ; the Commons, inftead of en. joying the great Advantages the Coort had promifcd them, had only the Satisfadion of feeing their former Oppreffors in as miferable a ConditioB as themfelves. — The Kin^ of Denmark and the Dukes of < Jitifitim have a divided Sovereignty m the Dutchies of Holftein and ' Sitfwie i fotChriJIian IV.' gave a Moiety of them to his Brother JJlrUt about the Year 1600, from whom defcended the Families of I IMftm Gttttrp, EutiHt P/eeitf &c. But the Kines of D»»m*rk hav« oftentim<» feized on that Part belonging to the Dukes of ifa^W«,whi«1i they have as often been obliged to reftore by the SivtJn and othei Aluea of fh/Jltiti. CbmrUi, Grand Prince of RMffit, is now the cldcl Branch, of the Htlftein Family, and Sovereign of a Moiety of tho | Dutchies of HtlJietH and Sl^uic. It has been obferved already, that frtderuk IV. King of D«Mi«riJ had been comnelled by the Maritime Powers to conclude a Peace with Cfcur/fiXlI. King of S. a«5 1749 { adTa third IHu^hter Aamt4 Ltm/tt, born Jmmmjxo, 1750. HMUHAfi^taontiKt, th* lUnv nurried the Princtfi JiWMt^ ]>ught«rof IM i>ttke Of Briw>«lri XPi0«litf/i!r. B R ir I S H I S L AN D S^ SinuHm."] nr^HESE Iflands, confiftine of GrMU-Britaim, Iri* X /«« the Iflci of Wight, Stilljt Mrnn, the Hthridtt^ orWcAem Iflandipf 5r»/Anu/', and the OnaJet, ve fituate in the il/- tntit Oonn, between 50 and 60 Dee. of N. Lat. a very little North tSFrmct, and Weft oiGtrmanyaxA me NtthtrUuJt. Nmrne."] The Name of Britain, according to Mr. CamUnt ii de- rived from the Word Brit, which, in the Language of the ancient In- habitants, Rpu&tdpMHiti oxftaintd ; the Naiives afing to paint their naked Bodies, and wear no Cloathi over them, when they were en- gaged In any laborioai Employment or Exeicife, particularly in Hunt* ng, and in the Field of Battle. DiwJimJ] Gttmt Britmiti being divided into Soath and North Britmim, or into the Kingdoms olEtigUml 9XiA Scotland, I (hall be- un with the Defcription of Engltuul, and fix the firft Muiiian at ENGLAND. Situation end Extent* Between Between !s o E. 1 and ( I 6 ao W. ) {wid** Jn. 56 o S Ut. > Being 360 Miles in Length. 300 Mila In Breadth* fffw and Btimdaritt.] T? SG L AN D it of t triangular Figar«, J2> bounded by $<»tlmnd on the North, by die G«nM« Sea on the Eall, by the Engli/h Channel, which divides it from Framt on the South, and by St. OWr^'s, or the Ir^/k Channel on the Weft. Nmrn^l England received its Names from the Angfn, or JngU- Stuitni, who came from Sir/u'c, or South Jutland, in Dtnmark, and, with their Brethren of Saxenu fubdoed great Part of Britain in the fifth Century 1 hnvii^ been called in by y»rtigt*n, Kiiij> of Souch Sritain, to oppofc the Incurfions of the Pi^s and 6V»/i. ¥ dtnthnt I Wn 226 UN G LA N D. Mkia Divi/hn tf En£^afid. Gnnd DhrifioM. Cdimcw«. Chief Tonma. a. D»r$triitt -"Drnfit — 3. M»^* 4. Atrthttii — BtrAt w Ifea t>«iiiiiW- W Deva, CM/r. c "/"^ SI Jlittcth, NoltiHgbamt 1 C Giaad 15. Cff^/MT -J Jili2w, aiid'iVbr«». ^ mmftm E N G L A N D. i%f GrtiidDtfiiwM. C I Cikitjhr, Lmh, Rjtf Eafi- \ J L grmJnut,andHdi/iift*' Circttin. CiicwO* IE M G LA N D 119 Coantkt. ChiefTowati; Mmb-Wkkktm, and Bt4f9Nl Cifcnit. ^ Huntimgdm SaJM « 3. O4/W NarfiA I rOxM A#ri« Ginuffitr MtHKtMUm Henfird Sshp >/ Ciicuii. 'V 1 and Gr^iMM. OtfiAMs aid Vffinghtm. j Ntrtbampimt P»teri§might 'fFituieJtti SomtbmH^n, Ptrt/vrntb, JtukvtTt B»' finffttk^f CbrificbtirchjuA Nfu-fotf in the Ifle of .••;4 ZVVM CfnmtU Smii&ttry, \ Dtvixfs, MarU bonugb, Mmlmfiwj, Wil- tettf taACbipfntham. firJt aM Mruf^. TmmUM^ Bri&wattrt and Extltr, Bhmuthf Bmrnfi*- ^, HHtfmri^ fiwr/w, DartmoiUt, Ttnn/hekt T^ Jkmt t^i OnUtmjftm. t LsniietJlHi, Fmlmtttb, Trvt, Swki^iB§dmjf», St. ht$t Cinnili. Ciicdti. 6. Northern Cinraic. is not o Coiuttjr ENGLAND. 131 CoHBtiei. Chief Town. rrw — '. — «i Dwrbmm KtrthmidtrlaaJ •— imu ShMUt D muf/h r , fnith»%vtrUu Ntnk- 0ikrtmi, and Burl^m ot BHdBi^gttm, Darktm, Mtteitpit Sm^' CmJtU, ^A AvMmi* mittkt SbiiUi, taiA Utx- hmm. t$if, Lhtrf$9i, tad Wig- QtrliJU, Pturith, Ctchr. . mmb, aad ITbittbmvtm. the Seat of the Supieme Gourta of Jufiice, ndcd in any Circuit { and Ch^fAre^ being a is not contained in any Circuit. Qoantiea. Chief Towns. Lwctjli ^tr mjltmrUmi Cmbtrltmd Coondeiexda five of the< Circdti. MiJUItfix *4 Lo II D o N, firft Meridian, N. Lau $1-30. Wtfl' miijltrt Vttiridgt, Ay»/- ytr/, Banttt HigbfHlt, Haehuft and Hmmftm' CMItt, North Eaft Circuit. t jitU, and JM^/. Grcmts of Wales. Conade*. Chief Towns. 1 r Flint, St.J/tfh, ndHtif. j I «m£& nAc»iv». fFrtxUm, aad Mmigmtfj aad IMmmffUm, North f^^ 23* North Waft Circuit. E N G Counties. 'Anglejta — CamarvtH ^Mtrinutb RUmr - A N n. Chief Townii ^ rBt a a m t rh t UnrichMMd, I and A^<»«W. I Sooth Eaft Ciraoit. [Bnctu — Glamirgfitf 'Ptmbroke • South Weft Circuit. BaMgoTf C$Mwn, and ?«/• Dilgtlhtn, Bala, and KiriSrir. 1 CBjubitr, and Prtftum, — r-* — J [,Llamdaff, 9sA Cardiff. 'St. Davitttt Havirfhrdwifi, Pimbrokt, Dtnbigb, and Cardigan — Jlatrmarthtm — — , Ij Cardigaii, and Aberiftnvitb. fiaermartbtti, iand KiJuflff, In E N G L AN D. 40 Counties, which fend up to Parliament, — 80 Knights. a$ Citiest (£^ none, LottJan four) •— -^— 50 Citisens, 167 Boroughs, two each, _ -.,— — — — ^ 334 Bnrgeffes. 5 Boroughs, (AhingtioH, Banbury, BtvitiUy^ Higbam-Ferrars, and Motumutb) one each, Two Univerficjes, :} 8 Cinque Ports, (Uaftingu Dover, SanJ-'^ iK-icb, Rommeyf Hytbe, and their three ( Dependents, R/t, Witubtlfta, and Sea- 1 ford) two«ach, ' ■ J IV A L E S, 1 2 Countios, » ' * — Boroughs {Pemlrcie two, Mtrienetb none) Qiie each, ■ 1 < n ■ ■> } 5 Burgefles. 4. ReprefcnU^tivei. 16 Baion«, I a Knights. 12 Burgefflti. S C Shires, Boroughs, r L A N D, ^—— 30 Knights. — i£ Bur^fles, Total ^5& Some reckon the four Towns, which give Names to the four Bl' Ihopricks in If'a/et, to be Cities ; but they are not incorporated, or fend fifty Reprt fentatives to Parliament, any more than Efy, Rivirt.] It N L A N D. 233 Kvm.} The jprindpal Riven in Enghmd are, i. TheTiiMMsr, conpofiDd of die 7mm and Ifit, of which ne Afi. the moC coofidar*- Ue Stream, rifis on the Confines of GhmtjUrAirt^ and uking it» CoorfeE. receiyei the Cifrirrm i then running N. E. xaUMUtm WtmUtt unitea with the Ctht^ and becomes navigable i continaing to ran N. E. it reeeivei the Winirmfh^ and pafles on to Oxfrni^ whara it receives the Cbtrtuellt and turning due South runs to Miagdn, and fiom thence to DwcAtfitft where it is joined by the Tmmt ; after which running Eaftward, it pafles by WaiHn^orJ^ Rtsdiag, Mmrhvt^ and WinifttTt and from thence to Kingftttit a little bdow whidh it ufed to meet the Tide before the Wtfimitjttr-BriJ^ was bail^ but now the Tide Bows otdy to Riebmontl, or a little higher i fnm diOBCe it continues itsCoorfe Eaftward to Lndon ; then dividing the Coontiea of Xjnt and Effix, it fidls into the Sea below Sbtitaufst being unlia- ble for SUps as high as Luuhn-Bruigt, 2. The Mtihuay, which &Ils into die Mouth of the Tbamit^ is m- i^gable for the laigeft Ships as far as Cbatbtm, where the Men of War are laid up. }. The River Stwrtit Sabrina, efleemed the fecond Ri^er in £«r. tmit has its Source in PUHlimmm-Hiii in fVaUs^ and mm ing Norm Eaft to Wttcb.Po«l, becomes navigable there ; after wh. :h it mna Eaft to Sbnvjfiuryt afterwards turns South, vifiting BrUgmrtb^ Wtrtsfttft and Trwkjhury, where it receives the Ufpir Avon ; then paffing by Ghmefitr^ bends South Weft» and receiving the Wta and JjBt near its Mouth, difcharges itlelf into Brifiol Channd near ithg-Rwit where the great Ships lie that cannot get up to Brifttl. Thu h a nxy rapid Stream, and frequently overflows the adjacent Country. 4. TheTrM/ rifes in the Motrlamb of Stafftrdjbirt , and running South Eaft by VrmcafiU tmdtr Lintt divides that County in two Parts i dien taming North Eaft on the Confines of Dtrtrj^tt vifits fJittingbam, ranning the whole Length of that Conn^ to Liaetb" jairtf and beine joined bv the Omfi, and feveral other Rivers towards the Mouth, obtains the Name of the Humbtr, falling into the Sea S.E.ofA(i7. 5. The Oufif which rifmg in the North of Yorijiirt, mcs South by Ttrkf and fidls into the Hamberf having received the if barfi, the Atr, the OuiUtr, and the Don, which unite their Streams before thev ftii into the Oi^ : The Dtnwtnt alfo runs from North to South, and fidU into the 0«>. 6. Anouier Oufe, which fifing in Butkst mns Eaft through Bed' foriljbirtf Humtingdonjbire, and thelfle oi Ely, and falls into the Sea near tynn in Nor/iik. 7. The River Qu$ rifes in Hertftrt^ire, and ranning North Eaft thro' CamlrWge, joins the Ou/t in the Ifle of E/y, the united Stream ^ing into the Sea at iLyim in Ntrfolk. 8. The Tjnvf rans from Weft to Eaft thro* NortbumhrUmi, and falls into the GtrHum^u, at Tinm»iith below Ntwcajilt, 9. The w «34 ENGLAND. 9. TlieTm rant from Weft tt> Eaft, diridlng Darkmm tnm Yt'k. Jkrtt and &Us in (he GmuM Sea below Stteitm. Tlie fuMn/ ram fioa Weft to Eaft on the Borden of fmr/aW, and fidls iaco the Qir- mm Sea at Biruriek. 10. The ftflnr runs from South to North thro* Wtfimr^and aad Cnmktrltmit aad paffing by CarliJU, Alls into ^f^vo^ Fryth below that 1 1. The Lower Awm raas Weft throaj^ WiUfldn to iB«/i&, and then dividing 5Mutsf^/r# from Glouafttrjhirt^ runt to Briptl^ falling into the Moi*h of the ^n«r» below that City. 1 1, The DtrvutnU which runs from Eaft to Weft thro' CmiirUni, and paiBsg by Ctdurwmth^ ^is into the IHJh Sea aiitde below. 1%. The l?iMfr» which rum from Eaft to Weft thro' Lmnca^in^ and paffing by Prtfimt difcharges itielf into the Irijb Sea. . 14. The MiTfyt which rtins from the South Eaft to the North Weil dtfoaeh Chifiiirtt and then dividing Cbefhire frath F»rebnd, OmtineU va Kent \ BtachyHtad WSuffex \ Z>Mr»^ aQd the VnSn on the Ifle of ITf^ifr/ ; Pevtrtl- Point in Dorjttjhiro \ Run o/P$rtlwii in Do>-/*t/hirt t Berry Point, Start Point, Bolt-Head^ On tMSonthof Dettn/lnre ; Lizard- Point, LittaTi-Bndt Trevttia-Point, in Cornwall i 0arthmd' Point, Bag. Point, in the Noith of DevonJUrti Najb-Poiidt fP'orm't-Htad, in GTajnpr]im~Jbiri ; St. &vm'/ Pof/r/, and i^/}^ «W tit Ctfks, in Ptmhrok^ire ; Cardi^an-Ptint, in CarSgta^fiir* ; f«f)M- ^Bck-Pointt \n Merionetbflnre i Brayebilput-Pointtin Ourmarvonfiinrt ; flohbtful 2cci^ Hilary Point, in AngU/tn ; Orp^t^df in Dtniigbjbirt ; and St. iffM'i /fM f(M: People of Diftin^Uon, inSwnmer-tiine. ENGLAND. «35 JBr.l TheAir utMCfecoldiaV^ter. or botinSnauBcr. Mm C>aDtnBi on dw Qmtincat wludi lie opdcr jdtt fiuM PanOd i boK thai oar Air ia not To pare, nor have «m that clear letded Weather tb«: they enjoy aoon the ConthMnt bodi Winte^and Soauner. Ths Weather is ever cnangins here ; a Month of ferene fietded Weather fk feIdom.fecnin£iif/nki^! iwweTer, die Air is MneraOv healthfiil, aa> left in the Fens and Salt Miirflies near the Sea ; and we a«e feMom troobled with -fi;reat Dron|hts or nnfruitfal Sealbns. A p e ru e tad Verdure is alfo ieen on the Surface of the Earth, whereas dieGroond is like ■ barren Defert in other Coantrie:; during the hot Afondu i and in Winter the Harboon in HeUaml and Gtrmtmjf are blocked n^ widi Ice, ndien ours are open which lie in the uus9 |!«adtude. Tbi Winds fit wefteiiv here the g;reatBft Part of the Year i and ihefe are eAeemed die moil healthful. The Eaft and Nordi-Baft Windi let bi ufudly In die Spring, and are attea prejodicial to the Fmit as wdl aa HeahholftheNattva. ^ #4K# 9/JAf Cmmtfy.'] The Country towards the Sondk cenfiii chiefly of Utde fruitful Hills and Vallies, Champaini Fields, indofM Gfooads, Arable, Pafture, and Meadow, Woods, J^refis, Piuks, and Cbaces, agreeably intermixed. We hare no mounuinoas TraOs compaiable .to .the 4^ft or PffitUM. The higheft Hills we have are didb or the Pirol in Dtrbyflnrt^ the ?tttS$^ &c. in LameiffiUri, the Wtfkh in Skr^finm, die If^oUt in TprkJUrt, CutfwM in GUautftrfiiiru liiitXStibirm in BmeAst MahMm in ff$rctfiirfiire, the Cbiwo^ fjlillv sndwhers 6n dtt^orderf of Scothul, and tbole of PUmlimmm and ffeMuiJM. in ^dlv. . ftrt/U.I Asto Vorefts,'it iseonputed that two Thirds of the Khig. dom were 4adi before Kkg^hAe >di^orefted Part of them. There were in JiijrAiW, according to my Lord GNir, no le& dian £xty-nin^ of which «hole of Win^br, Nrur fwefi^ die Fo^efl of J>um% and iSAimiMM^JPoMfts, are now the duef. J«»#.l Th« Umber gvowine in diis Ifland is chiefly Oakt Afli, tnlm, and Beach. We have idfo Walnut-trees, Poplar, Maple, ■Hombeun, Haal<^ Willow, .$,allow. Sycamores, Arbeles,,aQd ibnw .odier%edes of Wood, which are not honoured with the Name of Timber, aaats. Red and Fallow Deer, Hares, Rabbits, Dogs, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, Weasels, Lizards, Otters, Badgers, Hcdge>hogs, Cau, Pole-cau, Rats, Mice, and Moles ; wliicb betiw cemnon to all our neighbooring Countries, I fhall defcribe only dioie u» whi^ sre are fappofed to excel. Our Oxen are thie largeft and beft that are to be met with any when : We have a lefler Sort that are bred in If^aUs and the Notch, anc the Fkalh of thcfe are as good to be fpent in the Hotfe.aa the fdmer. Our Sheep are to be valued for thdr Fleeces and Fklh ; thole of LinetJii/birt are vaftly large ; but the Flefii of the fmall DownMotton is moft admired t and theWool of both exceeds any in Surtpt, And as to the Numbers of Sheep in Englandt it is compoted there are no lefs dian twelve Millions of Fleeces (horn annually ; which, at a Me- dium of 2/. a Fleece, makes 1,200,00c/. and, when manufiiAured, makes five Times as much, vise, fix Millions. £ighteenCoals abound in feveral Connties} but the Coal pits in the Biflioprick of Durhmm and Ntrtiumterhmd, which are ftiipped at KnvcuftU and Sbitlds, fupply the City of Lmdm, and many other great Towns in EngUnti, ana beyond Sen, with that valuable Fuel. MmntfaBnrts mnd Traffic.'] T^ere is fcarce a ManufaAore in Sw rt^, but what is brought to great Perfsdion in £»#As*W, and there- fore it is perfefUv unneceflary to enumerate them all. The Woollett Manufadlnre is the mcft confiderable, and exceeds, in Goodnefs imd Qnantity, that of any other Nation. Hard ware is another very great Article ; Locks, Edge-Tools, Guns, Swords, and other Arms, exceed any thing of the Kind ; Houlhold Utenfils of firafs, Iron, and Pewter alio, are very great Articles ; our Clocks and Watches arc in Te7 great Efteem. There are but few ManufaAores we arc deftAtve in. In thofe of Lace and Paper we do not feem to excel, but we ifflpoit much more than we flu>uld if the Duty on Britiji Paper waa ulcen off. As to our Foreign Traffic, the Woollen MaoufaAure is fUn the teat Foundation and Support of it. To HoUanJ, C ./aMMp), Rujimt nrkft the £/^ and Wtft-Indi$^ Spmtit Ptrtug^^&i.* J .'iMtdt wc ex- port vaft Quantities, for which we receive the P'cduc k' the jfevtral Countries in Return, and from fome Places a 3n!an< c .'.Treafnre : but the moft profitable Traffic we have, is with ocr \>wu P?T^ntadloBa in .Imtrica, which we fumiih with soft of their U. .ath;og aid Far'^ nitore, receiving either Treafure or Merchandi'* from tkcnce, » ' ich produces I'reafure. And thofe Colonics, \fCUy eoconraged, would I in a (hort Time be able to take off all the r4annf»'.Aures we could foaie. Leather, Corn, Lead, and Coals, are very confiderable Arti- Icles alfo in our Exportations 1 but there are fome Nations it would be I well for us if we never traded with, narticttlarl/ the Freinh, -.vhotake ■but very linle of our Produdl, and what we take from them are chiefly lArticles of Luxury, which tend to impoverifh the Nation, and there lis a weiffhty Balance on their Side. The T(ade to Snittdtn alio is Ivcry prejudicial, where we barter Silver for Copper and Iron, when Iwe might have them from our own Plantations in j1meric«t in Pe> Itom for our Manufactures. The late A6t of Parliament for imp9>ni.(^ IPiglron to Bnglard and Bar-Iron to Ltmbn from the Plantations, |Duty free, will go a great Way, 'tis prefumed, towards rcdrei&ng this 'Grievance. Lt BUnc, tjpeaking of the EngH/h Traific and Manufaduret, ob« jfetTCf, that tngUuJl without being more fertile than the Countries about ft 240 ENGLAND. about it, b inhabited by richer Men : That, wanting Wood, Itoofcn the Sea with its Shi|>s : produccfl few Thinn, and yet hat a floari(h« ing Trade with all the World. That Lock-work, which it mdciy pmbrmed in Frauct^ the Patience and Indoftrjr of die En/^ bring to great PerfeAion ; and the Joiners in Coantry-Towns put ncir Work together with as mach Exa^efs and Propriety as a Maftcr- Joiner at Ftvit. CuifiituticK.] Every Britf/h Gentleman is fenfible, that be lires in a Country where Life, Liberty, and Property, are better fccnicd than in any Iwiff^om in Europe. The Lcgiflattve Authority (or the Power of making Laws and ndfing Money) is veiled in King, Lords and Commons, and either of them have a >-o((ative when theie Matters are propofed. The Crown is made hereditary in the Hmitvtr Line by feveral Afii of Parliament, provided they do not profefs Popery, marry Papifii, or fiibvert die Conftitution. The Peers are created by the Crown, but their Honours are heredi. taiy, and cannot be taken from them, any more than their Lives and Eftates, unlefs forfeited by the CpmmiiUon of fome capital Crimcj and they can be tried only by the whole Houfe of Peers, being fabjefi CO no other JurifdiAion. The Houfe of Peers is dte laft Rdbrt in all Civil Caufes, unleii where the Privileges of the Commons are afiefled t and they can try any Commoner on an Impeachment of the Commons, but no Suitor Profecution gin be begun againA a Commoner in the Houfe of Lords, chough they may be poffiKmlof a Caafe, and determine it finally is Cafe of Appeal. Any BiU for the making a new Law, or altering an old Law, najr be brought in firft in the Houle of Peers, except a Money Bill ; M no Bill relating to theRevennes or publick Tax^s can be brought inn the Houfe of Peers firft, or altered when it comes up from die Coa* mons, though it may be totally rcjeAed by the Lords. The Houft; of Peers can apprehend and commit any Man ixt Breach of Privilege, or Reflexions on their Judicature (except i Member of the Commoni) andfuch a Commitment is of itfelfafof- iicient Puniihinent frequendy, bein^ vaftly diargeable ; but fuch Ftr- ions are relcafed of Courfe on the Rifing of the Parliament. Every Lord, in his private Capacity, mav bring his AAion of Sen- datum Ma^natum againll any SuojeX, in me Court of Kinjt't'Bnti, and may regovcr fuch Damages for Defamation as a ' iry mall think proper. The Commons are faid to re ^«fenv the People, though they do not in Reality reerefent a fourth Patt of them ( for only the Freeholder: vote for a Knight of the Shire, and thefe fcarce amount to 4 Sixth of the lohabiunt) of any County; and in fome Cities and Boroughi diere is as great or a much greater Difproportion, particularly in Lotidun, where there arc 300,000 People and upwards, and none but the Liver>'mcn, who amount to about feven thoufand, have « Vote in Elcilions ; Mitny p/eat Towns have no Vote at all in Flcc- tiunt. If there was any Sircls thcicforc to be laid on thai Maxim. R N G L A N D. 24f iM t floari(h« ich U toWjr ,^ bring to ing L»w« and DBS, and dtbcr by fevenl ACu matry ?»?>»», louTB are heredi- itheirLiTe«a«l e cawtal Crime j w«, being fubjeft rU Caufef , unldi and they can try ns, but no Suitor eHoufeofLoni».| rmine itfinaUyi* an old Law, nwy Money Bill ; M in be brought in» infromthft Coal nit any Man far* dicature (ex«hts and Privileges he mighr be entitled to ns an Enil'/. .an, or rather baitera khea away for a laced Coat and a Featlier. %'.. *■ »» £42 E N G L J r/ D. SmM ftt Kim£t Tith.'\ Gnrgi II. by the Grace of God, of Gnat- Britain, France, and IreUnd, King, Defender of the Faith, Du^of £run/wie and Lunenburg, Arch-Treafurer, and Eledor of.the Hdjr ^trnan Empire. Jrnu.'] In the firft grand Quarter, Mart, Three Idons Paflaat Gardant in Paie, Sol ; the Imperial Enfigni of England, impaled with the Royal Arms of SeoiIanJ, which arc Sol, a Lion Rampant, within a double TrefTure flowered and coonterflowcred with FUurs* de-Lis, Mars. The fecond Qgarter is the Royal Arms of Frante, Jupiter, Three Fleurs-de-Lis, 6W. The third, the Enfign of Irelani, which is^ Jupiter, an Harp, Sot, ftringed Luna. The fourth grand Quarter is his prcfent Majefty's own Coat, Mars, Two Lions Paf. fant Gardant, Sol, for Bruvfwic, impaled with Luneninrg, whick is Sol, Semee of Hearts, proper, a Lion Rampant, Jupiter, having ancient Saxony, viz. Mars, an Horfe current, Luna, grafted in Bafe ; fnd in a Shield fur tout. Mars, the Diadem or Crown of Cbarlt' maign. The Whole within a Garter, a« Sovereign of that moft noble Order of Knighthood, inlcribed with this Motto, Hani fvt 'ui niftl y peit/c, given by King Edward III. the Foondw of thi Id Orcier. cm m Crefi.] A Helmet full-faced and grated, mantled with Cloth of Gold, doubled Ermin, and furmounted of an Imperial Crown, on the Top of which is, a Lion PaiTant Gardant, ^0/, crowned the lame. Supperiers.] On the dexter Side, a Lion Gardant, Sol, crowned ^s the Creft, the proper Supporter of the Englifh Enfign ; on the ^nifter, p Unicom, JLuna, horned, maimed, and hoofed, Sol, gorged 4vith a Collar of CroHies pattee and Fleurs-de Lis, a Chain fined thereto, all Gold, both funding on a Compartment, from whence ifliie from one Stem the two Royal Badges of His Majefty's chief j Dominions, i/i's. on the tight, a Rofe, Party per Pale Argent acd Gules, ftalked and leafed Vert, for England { and on the left, 1 *rhiftle. Proper, for Scotland ; teing fo adorned by King James I. V '1 >fe S , poite.'3 (as King of Scotland) were two Unicorns ; but u> del aim hngiand, being united to that Nation, gave Occaiion for our <• tying one of thrr/ on the finifler Side ; and in the Year 1614,11 Ikiiig of Ireland, he alfo caufed the Harp to be marlhaled with the I ]/lrms of Grent Britain, iince which Time it hath been put on t^ ] Britijh Coin. f#rf«.] The Land Forces of thefe Kingdoms, in Time of Peace, | •re about 40,000 all National Troops, viz. 18,000 in Great Bri- tain, 1 2,000 in Ireland, 8000 in the Garrifon of Gibraltar, tff. «nd about toco at Annapolis, in iVoo/A Scotia, JVrov York, and | Jamaica. In Time of War there have been in Britifi> Pay, Natives and Fo- reigners, upwards of 1501000. God. of Grtat- ic Faith, Duke of aor of the Hdf rte Uons Paffaat England, impaW a Lion Rampant, ^ered with Fi'^u". al Arm* of Fr«w«. : Enfign of Irtland, The fourth grand ,„, Two Lions Pa(. Luneniitrg, wwdi na, grafted m Bafc , r Cfown of CbarU- ereign of that mi his Motto. HmM the Founder of u» ,antled with Cloth of Imperial Crown, on at, Solt crowned the iardant, Sol, crowned ,/i/fe Enfign ; on the „' hoofed, Sol. gorged le Lie, a Chain fixed irtment, from whence »f HisMajeftys chirf per Pale Argent asd I ti and on the left, x kcd by King Jomis I vo Unicorns ; but an- gave Occafion for our Klin the Year 1614." be marlhaled with the hath been put on t^ I Ls. JnTlmeofPejce,! J 18,000 in Great Bn- lifon of Gibraltar, iS(.\ Tc./»«» JVra« Tcrk, aivd I Pay, Natives and Fo- E N G L A n n. 24^ The Complement of Seamen, in Time of Peace, is ufualt)r 1 z or ic.ooo. In Time of War, Money has been raifed for 60,000 Seamen. There are Men of War of the Line of Battle, (from ico dovin to CO Guns) 150 Sail ; of 6fth Rates, of 40 Guns each ; of lixth Rates, of 20 Gons each, 70 Sail; Sloops of War, of 16 Guns and too Men each, 54 Sail. Total of the Royal Navy, 310 Ships of War, befides Bomb•Veflcl^, Fire-Ships, and Royal Yachts. Rtvenius.'] The King's Revenues for the Civil Lilt is 800,000 /. pir Jm. and if the Cu(loms and other Duties, alTigned for the raifing of it, fall fliort, that Sum is to be made good by the other Taxes : but if they fliould amount to a Million and more, the King is to have the Overplus without Account. The other Charges of the Government, for the Payment of the Forces by Sea and Land, and difcharging the Intereft of the National Debt, amount to about four Millions more ; and in Time of Ww there have been raifed or borrowed twelve Millions within the Spaa of a Year. The ferera] Species of Taxes are. C' » The Land-Tax, which, at 4 /. in the Pound, raifes I ^ ^^^ ^^^^ upwards of The Malt-Tax raifes TheCuftoms, 1 . . . The Excife, — \^^V^^^ « The Stamp Duties 6. Window-Tax, 7. Coaches and Chairs, 8. Hawkers and Pedlars ..! ... 700,000 ■■ ■ . .1. — 6,000,000 — — _. •— 125,000 fuppofe •— — 1,000,000 Total 9,82^,000 ftrfims!\ The Britons of the prefent Generation feem to be a ![0od Medium between the Dutch and French. They arc neither fo arge as the Girmmnj, nor of fo diminutive a Size as their Southern Neighbours ; neither fo heavy as the one, or fo exceeding mercurial as the other, but well-lhaped, of a good Stature, and an agreeable Mein ; their Motion graceful and becoming ; their native Com- plexions a Mixture of Red and White, unlpfs too much expofed to the Weather, or Pains is taken with Waflies and Paint to fpoil them. Our Town Ladies, it feems, defire no Colour in their Faces { this, they imagine, approaches too near the Milk-Maid or the Pea- &nt, and, 'tis faid, will talce Phyfick to procure a pale, fickly Com- plexion, rather than fuffer a Blu.'h upon their Cheeks, which the/ cannot he ignorant, however, that the Gentlemen generally admire, whole Devotion they moft affed. Tlie Ladies Tallc, as to Com- plexion, I am informed, is altered of laie ; they affert a little Red in their Cheeks, and if they have none naturally, they know how to im- ptovc it. CL2 TM %^1 444 E N G t A ff D7 The Hair of mod People is a dark Brown, and we have oar hit and our bUck Beaaties ; but nothing (teua more adnoired than a gpdd Complexion, adorned with black Hair ; nor any Thinj; more (hocking than golden Locks at prefent, tho* exceed inely admired the laft Age here, as they ilill are in Denm«rit and other Northern Nations. Tie Engliflt Ladiet tHink foch Hair the greateft Corfe.that can befal them, tho' ufudlly it is auencled with the l»ft Complexipni and fuch Ladies are efteemed the moft amorous of the Sex. A fine Set of Teeth is much admired, and the more fo» becaute it fcldom falls to the Share of a Southern Beauty of Quality ; thefe live too high to prefcrve their Teeth. A good Set of Teeth is oftner fouirf in a Cottage, or in North Britaitt, where their Food does not conui< bute to rpoil them. HalifjJ] The Ladies now wear their Hair combed up very fmooih behind, and fome have it braided behind, And dragoondd before, u Hut (hort, with very fmall Caps ; and, in full Dreu, often have no Caps. They wear little Hats alfo, which they never put off, nnlefs ihef make a formal Viiit. Their Hoops are formed like Bells, and five or fix Yards in Circumference at the Bottom : The Petticoat is of the fame Shape, trimmed up every Seam with Gold, Silver, or Silk Trim> ming. They wear alfo long Sacks or Neeligees with long Traiu: I'heir Shoes have round Toes and Frttub Heels. Haiits tf the Gentlemen,'] The Drels of the En^Ufi Gentletto was formerly exceeding neat and plain; a Suit ot Broad -doth or Velvet in Winter, and Silks or Stuns in Summer ; good Linen, ud good Wigs. Their chief Extravagance, like that of the Ladies, wat tn Foreign Thread-Lace, Lawn, and Cambrick ; but at prefent lid | and embroidered Cloaths are much worn, and white Stockings uni- vcrfally by Ladies and Gentlemen, in whick they are imitated bj| their Inferiors^ Cenlus and'Timper.'] Foreigners ufualty afcribe tO the EmgUJh a vfly odd Medley of Virtues and Vices, of Excellencies and Defers. Oae ef them obr;rve.s that they are active, courageous, thooghtfal, and devout } Ix)vers of the liberal Arts, and as capable of the SdcAcnl as any People in the World ; and that he was fatisfied, from ntaml Years Experience, that the more Strangers were acquainted with the Ettglip.\ the more they would love and eftcem them. On the oih«rl H.vid, he fays, they .ire paflionate, melancholy, fickle, and unfteadyil •ne Moment npplauditig what they detell the next ; and that thdrl jiooci Nature, for which they are fo eminent, lays them open toil ihoufand MisfoitLines. They know not how to deny any ThitiEJ fiiev are preilisd to do, though entirely agaiuft iheir Judgnieal at»j Inciinatioii. l\ E H G L A N D. 245 tt Bh^Ct anodiar PorrignCT, is of Opioion tkat the Fogt produce «or melancholy Conftinition, and make as fo trioleatia our PaiEons ; Their dcjeClea Sotds, fays he, have not Fortitude enoogh to fuffer. Their Ahr is the Sooice of their Incooftancy ; but notwtthftanding tho EngUJbt in .their oatward Appearance, have fomcching rou^h which pr^adiced Men take for Ferocity, noP«(^ have nu»e Humanity, •f which their Enemies are very (enfible. Hcie. as in nH>ft Kingdoms, fays Dr. DavnaHt, the Court has been a Shop with Wares in it, for all kind of Cuftomers. There is Hope for ibme, which feeds many at a fnatl Evpence ; there are Tides fur the Ambitious ; Pleafares for the Yonng and Wanton » Places for the Bufy, and Bribes to be clofely conveyed, for fuch as defire to main- tain an Appearance of Honefty, and betray their Traft but now and then in important Matters. With thefis Bates and Allurements, Princes eafily draw into their Nets the unthinking Gentry of their Land, diereby poifon the Fountain-head* and (ap the very Foundation of the pohtic Inftitution. '> ■&. Before I conclude du Charader of the Engiijb, I cannot but refleft on the Injuftice which Sorbitrt and ibme other Foreigners have done as, in charging the fjr^//;^ with being rude and inhofpitable toStran- cers, when no People ever received diilrellcd Foreigners with greater &indnefs and Indulgence than we have done ; witneb the Multitude i^Frmci and others that have been naturalized, and permitted to fee np Trades in LonJon ; and are grown very rich there, by the unex> ampled Bounty of the Natives of this Kingdom ; for hither they came ddtituteof every Thing, and bv public and private Charitiea were pat in a Way to provide for their Families j from the Revolution to this Time, being feventy Years, fifteen or twenty thoufand Pounds have been paid to them annually by Authority, towards the Subfi- fiance of the Poor. Riligien.'] Of the Religion profefTed in the Briiifi Ifles it may be faid as of the Conftitutlon, that ic was originally the bell Inftitu- tion in the World, but has been fo metamorphofed and deformed, the Profeflbrs broken into fo many SeAs and Parties that bear an im> pkcable Enmity to each other, that the Spirit of Chriftianity is in a Manner loft ; Vice and Profanenefs reien triumphant : the facred Truths of ChriiUanity are queftioned ana dil))utea ; and a Man that is not an Infidel is fearce allowed to have common Senfe among thoic that look upon themfelves to be the polite World, and Patterns for the re^ of Mankind to follo«v : Which feems the more ftrange, fince no Hillorv was ever better atccfted than :hat of the Gofpel, ot better ca]. culatea for the Happinefs of Mankind in this Life : And there are fome Evidences of the Troth of the FaAs related therein^ that no other Hiftory can pretend to, particula/ly the Tellimony of the Jrwi^ its Hreaieft Enemies, who arc difperfed through every Part of the World : Thefe acknowledge the Fads, though they afcribe the Miracles of •ur Saviour to a different Caufe than the Chriaiansdc. The Maho- metans alfo acknowledge that Chrilt was a great Frt>phut, and in that Rcipe^ arc h^'fi IniiJelt than many that piolcli Clii^ilUanicy iunoogd 24^ ENGLAND. Ks. Another Argamcnt, which other Hiftnrjc* want, if drawn ftom the ten Perfecurions, wherein thoafsnds of Pei-ple laid down their livei to attert the Truth of it, Avho could have no Views to this World, bein? fure to meet with nothing here but Di'lrefs and Perfecutionfor proftffing themfdves Chriftiatis. Afiotiur F.vidtnce is its wonderful Progrcfs, without Force, thro' moll of ihc Kingdor;;3 of the World, w l-.-n all the Powers on Earth feeracd combined to fupprefs it, gaining (iround purely by the Ex- cellency of its Dodrines and Precepts ; and were there no other Evi- dcnreof the Truth of the Chriflian Religion th;in this, every rational Man mnft yield his Aflcnt to it. An EpHcofal Chuich is faid to be eftabliftied In Englnn^y but fo weakly cftablilhed, that everv one >s at Liberty to dilknt from it, and Urike cut what Religion he pleafes; he n..'y declare himfeif an Infdcl with Impunity, and thcfe are cilaemed by fomc the belt Friends to the State. *• Religion is the Butt of almoft every Fool, ami if he has no other Pretence to Wit, his ridiculing every Thing that is facred intitles him to that Denomination, in the Opinion of the B^liu Monde. But notvviihdanding there is too much Truth in this Reprefentation Pencrally, there are llill many left amofigft us, that ridorn the ChriCirio rofeffion by their exemplary Lives; nor can any Nation equal u« in our extenfive Charities. The rich and noble Hofpitals in the Cltie! Ci\ London and Wtjtmhiflfr, are the Admiration of Foreigners ; and the private Charities of the Natives exceed any thing of the kind Abroad ; \thefe we hope will c ver a Multitude of Sins, and preferve us from that Deftruftion which the Profanenefs and Infidelity of many giveui too much Reafon to expcdl. Archbijhopricks and Bi^ofrich.] There are in England two Provinces, %>iz. Canterbury and York^ each of which has its Archbifiiop. In the Province of Canttrbury are the Bifhopricks of i . London, 2, Wincbrjler, ^. Ely, j^, Lincoln, i^. RochrJIcr, 6. Litchfield ind Coventrj, 7. Hereford, 8. JFirtffier, 9. Bath and IVtlls, 10. Salijlury, %\. Exe- ter, 11. Chichefer, 13. Norivicb, \^. Gloucrjitr, l^. Oxford, 16. Pt- terhrcngh, jy^BriJlel; and \n Wales, 18. St, Davids, 19. Landaff, 20. St. Jfapb, and, 21. Bangor . In the Province of 2W, are, i. TheBifhoprickof Dwr^^^tfi, 2.Cw« fijle, and 3. Chejler. In all, two Archbilhopricks, and twenty-four Bifliopricks : To which may be added the Bilhoprick of Seder and Man, but this Bilbop has no Seat in the Houfe of Peers. Uniferf/itj] There are but two Univerf'ties in Engletnd ; Os^tri and C(in.bri(ge ; but the great Men educated in them, their numeroas inajfnif cent Buildings, and rich Endowments, are the Admiration of •!l Foreigners that vifit them. In Oxford there ar«: twenty Colle2es and five Halls, and upwards of two thoufand Smdcnts of all Sorts. In Ctmkri'^ot thcr* are fixtcen CoiIejTes, and tho' fome of themaro fjtnoiiiinatcd Hulls, ihey arc 4II tndovved, and there is no manner of £f^e$ for their Tribute ? But Expedition wai E N G L A n D, Uf wn the ir livei World, itionfor :e,thro' ,n Earth the Ex- her Evi- ' rational /, but fo fro HI it, iit\feif an rt Friends no other itities him refentation e Chri!*i;;n iqaal u'' in the Citie! I ; and the d Abroad ; [ve us front y givcuj Provinccj, loinhn, 2< i Coventrjt li.Exc k i6.Pf ftH$ 2 Cor. ricks : To IthisBifiiop numerooi «ration of dsol jpwari if them ar« iio manner of of Djfferenee between a College and Hall m CamhriJge ; whereas in Oxford tlie Halls are not endowed, but the Students maintain Acmlclvcs. The Number of Fellows, Scholars, and Students cf all Sorts, in the Unjvcrlity of Cambridge, are ufually about 1500. There a'c Profcflbrs in all Languajres in each of thefc Univer- fitier, richly endowed ; and the late King George, in the Year 1724, crrltituted a Profeflbr of Modern Hiftory and Lanenages in each Univerfity, and on each of them fettled a Ilevenue of three hundred Founds ptr Atsnum ; but tho' thefe Profc have enjoyed their Sa- laries ever fmce the Yesr 1724, they never Leflures in Modern Hiftory ; nor do other Profeflbrs read Lei^ lu the Univerfity. No Univeriitits have produced Men of greater Learning or Genius, among whom may be reckoned the two Bacofts, Sir J/aac Newton, Mr. Loch, Dr. Aiterhry, and Mr. Addifon, the Glory of Eure^ef and of this Na- tion in particular. Language.'] As to the Language of the EngUfl}, it is needlefs to. fay any more of it, than that it is compounded of Dutch, Latin, and Trench. I do not know whether we retain any of the ancient Britifo Words or Phrafes. COINS. The Engliji Gold Coin is the Guinea, which goes for twenty -one Shillipgs, but the intrinfic Value is not much above twenty Shillings 1 and there are a great Number of Half Guineas coined. The Silver Coins are. Crowns, Half-Crowns, Shillings, Sixpences/ Groats, i*fc. down to a Silver Penny. Revolutions and memorable Events. ENGLAND was probably firft peopled from France, (the an- cient Tan/^i/fine Gaul) finre it lies within Sight of that Con- tinent, and the Britons refcm'jled the Gauls in their Cuftoms and Manners, as well as in their Religion and Superdition. The firft tolerable Account received of Great- Britain was from Julius Ctefar, who invaded it about 50 Years be.'bre Chrid. He made two Cam- paigns here, defeated the Britons in feveral Engagements, march- ed through the Country, fubdued their Capital Fortrefs of Verulantt (St. Allaa\) in the Heart of the Country, and obliged the Britont to become tributary, aud to give him HoUages as a Pledge of their' SubmifEon and Fidelity to the Roman State, which he thought fuf- flcient to prevent a I^evolt, and did not leave a fmgle Soldier in the Ifland, when he returned to the Continent. From whence fome Hiftorians have imagined, that Cafar received fuch Repulfes, and fodnd fuch a Confederacy formed againll him, that the Reduflion of Britain at that Time w?s impra^icable : But had this been the Cafe, Can it be fuppofcd the Britons would ever have given Ho- mages for their Fidelity to the Roman State, and have fubmitted to a Tribute ? But if we confider, that Cte/ar's prindj^al Defign in this Expedition was to increafe his Fame, aad render himfelf more po. 0.4 pwi«r k\'-*-^1i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■" Hi 12.2 S BO ^ : lii 12:0 PhotogFaphic ScMices Carporation ^ ;\ ---. ^ *- M VMIT MAIN tTRMT VMMTIR.N.V. I4SM (71«)l7a-4SOI ^^^ ^ Fa \ M M N G L A N poitftt Ram, aadp«rehb'VVte[loA»Eaipa«»fVliidil|i obounad i chat tkis lovafion of Brittdm ftinulhed Ua wick a ft%^ mice to donand an AttgmentatiOB of Foicca aad IVealara, aad of kaiMiag up a Body of dtrdpliiiedTroopa, that Mghc oaabk kioa to ibbane thofe that oppofcd \&t pmbitioai Viem o« th« tUmtm 8iaae, we fluU not wotider at hit abandoniiw Britaim, K Q^ had in- fended to add Briimm to die Rmmm EmfMre, ho iiad certainljr the ftireft Opportonitv i^ doing it in'the Wand* aoanding to liU own lldlatiott I ht he inromu at, that die Iflaad was thoi «, aad pot the Garrifoii s» m flwoid I then dmy dcfcated aa entire Legion of the H§mmi^ aad afterwards pluadered Ztndw, aot fpariac tbe Li(e of a fing|b Mamm. Tbea tkay asardicd to VimUm, wbicb onderwent tbe faam Fsie. defttoyiog, m d»e Whole, apwardtof foveaty Tboufiwd B^ mmt : Bat 9«#/«mm, tbe Bmtm Geaeral, enugiag die Bnimt wkk isaTbooiaod Veterans, at a aarrow Pals, where their Superiority in ^aabeis ooaU be ^CUP ^trhicc to dicm, die Biitvu wera intirely, - defeaiodi *5<> E N G L ji N ^. defeated ; md BoajffcfM, finding ail was k^, k is &id, diffmtdwd het^ ielfwithaDofeof Poifon. * Jgrietfat being fent to command in BHtmin daring tlwReigmof Titm and f^e/patiaii, fabdotd f^a/fs, which had ref olted, aAd SettUtu/^ deiiattng Galgaeut, the laft of the Bn/^ Princes that made anf con* Mmble Opfwfition to the Raman Arms. This Battle was foi^ht m Scotland, in the Year 84. near the Moontain Grmmfiat, wGraii^ram Hill, in the County of AKarrr. Aff-ifla, to fecure his Conqoeft as far as Surhng^ ereAed a line of Forts from the Frith of ftrthox Edm^hur^^ to the Frhh of Cljit i all to the Sooth of that Line being civilized, and %irithin the X«mw pale ; and all beyond, whither the Fi3$ retired, was denominated CoUdonia. The Emperor Adrian^ coming into England, Ann* 121, bnilt a Wail between Soiway Frith and the River Tyne, or from CarliJU to VruitfffiU, which he made the Boundary of the Roman FroTinee. In Che Year 181, Lucius^ a Britifo King, who was faffined to retain the Stilcand State of a King, profefTed himfelfa Chriftian, and ii gene* Tally held to be the firft Chriftian Monarch. In the Reign of the Emperor DhckfioMf Anno t90, happened the ]aft of the ten Periecutions ; which extending as far as Britain, St. AlhoK of Vtrulam fuflered Martyrdom in the Place where the Abbey noiy ftands* which took its Name fiom that Martyr. Conftamtint th Great, it is faid, was born in Britain, being the lirft Emperor that profeffed the Chriftian Religion, abont the Year JIO. In d>e Reign of the Emperor Htntrins, in the Beginning of the iifth Century, the R*manj withdrew from this Ifland, carrymg over with them all the Forces, Roman and Britijh, leaving the Kingdom cxpofed to the Incurfions of the PiBs and ^tott : Whereupon the ^itont eleAed feveral Monarchs fucceffiveiy, who were depoied al- moft as foon as they were advanced to the i'hrone, until they made Choice of Vertigern, whofe Reign was of a pretty long Dtnration. This Prince, by the Advice of his SubjcAs, invited over the Saxau from Germany, to affift him in the Defence of his Country againft the fiat and S(ott, about the Year 447. Hekgijf and Htr/a, two Brothers, were the firft Sa»»n Command- ers that came over, bringing with them about ijoo Men ; and haying joined King Vortigem, obtained a ViAory over the PiSt near Stamford in Lincolnfilrt. Several other Bodies of Saxoat came over afterwards, to reinforce or recruit thehr Troops, and with them Runvtua, the beautiful Daughter of Htapf^, whom King Voriittm married, and alfigned her Father the Connty of Aimrfor lusHni' dence ; which was afterwards ereAed into a Kingdom in Favour of KengiJI, who(e Pofterity enjoyed it many Yean, this being the Ml of the Snxon Kingdoms into which that Psopic divided Soath Bri- tain. It was not long before the Saxon$ eithcif ftmnd or made foma Pretence to quarrel with the Britons, who invkcd them' over, and made an intire Conqneft of the Kingdomi except HUri Mid Ctrn^ ti/a/i, whtthcr the Bhtim retired, who were moll tenacious of their LibertiM ; n n G h A n t>. ^$9 ytAlStt! « mf con- daliine ^CtfJet it RtMum omtnated I, boilta larli/U to ince. In retain the I ii gene- ^ed the ritaint St. the Abbey being the It the Yew iin|; of the tying over Kingdom ■eupon the iepoied al- thejrmade Oorsttioni the Stjtm againftthe Command- ten : an' the PiS$ IjrMi came 1 with them - ytrtipm IrkUKcfi^ Favour of dg the firft Soath Bri- jitde fome J over, and hmd C«f»j* Is of their iLiberties ; |i)>ertiei } the reft, fnbnktifigtoa Scats of Servitude, H-ere emploxed ^ tbeir Coaqoerors ia all Manner of Dradgei-ies, and particolarix in cultivatittg nofe Lands for their Mailers, of which they were beforv Ihe ProprieiorB. Bat before this great Retroladon was aocompliflied, it is tM Ae Mritmu fought feveral Battles with the Soxomj, in which they were genenlly viAorioos ; but were riiined at length by their Divi6ont, tome of them deferting over to the Sax»mt rather than fubfait to an oppo/ite Fafiion. The chief of thefe ^rf/{^ Generals, according to TraditioB, were Amhrojiti$ and Arthur^ whoa feme Writers have ho- MMired with the Titles of Emperors. Artimr^ it is faid, was crowned at (Umktm ia Wakt\ and, after at TiAorioas Reign of feventy Years and ofiirirds, was mortally wooaded in a Battle he fought near Camtlfmri in C&rmtall^ with his Kinfmaa MoJrtdt who was in a Confoderacy with the Smxtiu. King Artbur was ninety Years of Age when- he died, and was buried at Gui/htimy in Somerfttflnre. This Prince is (aid to have iniUtuted the Order of the Knights of the Round Table. The Britsm being entirely fnbdued, the Saxomt ereAed (even King.^ doms, denominated the Sajtm Heptarchy ; but it was not long before one of the feven Saxon Kings afluroed a Superiority over the reft, and made them in fome Meafure dependent on him : Etbtlbtrtt Kinjgof Kint^ was the firft that claimed fuch a Superiority, as defcended from Hmgift, thefirft of the Saxtm Kin^ ; which he was enabled to do 1^ his Alliance with the Frtntb Kine, whofe Daughter he married. And (he bringing qrer a Bifliop with Iter, Pope Gregtry looked upon thii as a very happy Opportunity of introducing ChrifUanity among the S»x$nt, who were yet Pagans ; and accordingly fent over A^fiin the Monk to King BiMhm'i Coart, ia order to prevail on this Priaoe 10 profefs Chrittianity, which his Queen had reprefented in fo fair a Light, that Auftin did not find much DiiRculty in converting both ^e King and his SubjeAs. Afler which he confecrated Bifliops, and difpatched Milfionaries in other Parts of the Ifland, particularly to the Kingdom of the EeftSaxtu, where 5#^rr/ then reigned, whocoB' fented to be baptized, and founded the Cathedral of St. Pmi in £««• dui. Ethilbtrt then propofed a Union between the Roman Chnrdi and the Chriftian Churches in ^«/r/ 1 but their Clergy differing about the Time of the Celebration of EmJIer, this could not be effis^hed t and it is faid that Auftin threatened and promoted the DeftroAion of the Briitjk Chriftians, becanfe they would not comply with hha. He was thefirftArchbifhop of Canterbury, and died in the Year 6oc : And King Ethelbirt died not lone after, on whole Death Rtihutid, King of fiat Eafi-AngUi, reigned fuperior to the reft of the 5«ir«e Kings. It was in the Reign of EthtltvaUt King of Mirtia, who mtdt the other Satftm Kingdoms dependent on him, that a Penny was firlt levied on every Houfe for th: Ufe of the Pope, which was after.' ivards denominated Pner.P«me. About the fame Time Ina, King $i the ff'tftSaxoMt, refign«d his Crown, aqd beounc a Monk in a mHuUtUf «^« E N L A >r a MoBiierjf at lUmi «ad doring dw Hretarcliy, not lefi diaa driny Smam Kiogp, k it fiiU, MfigoM their Crowi*, and devoced llMni* ftlvn w • idicimifllflfc. B^h King of th« JVWf Smxtmtt tfcended that Throne fai the Year Soo^ abont die ftine Time Cbmrlmmgm laid the Foandadoa of dw Gtrmm Bnpiie i and at the Emperor brought moft of the Powen of the Contiaent of Eitttft under hit Dmiiinion, ib Bgbtn nade an cadre Conqoeft of the reft of the Saxom Kingdoms in this Ifland, and rdgmpchfcde Monarch of Sooth Br/iMs (lr«/// cKCcpted.) And he it was that fiift conmanded this Part of the Ifland to be deno- aainaled Bwglt-Umd, or E^gbuul, in A&$ of State, wich it nerer was before, though (boie are of Opinion it was called fo long before in coi^OMMi Converiadon tvBnt, however that was* E»iltuu/ wu no Iboner oniied under one tiiveretgn, bar new Trooblcs arofe i the Kingdom was invaded and plundered by the Dams, who inhabited thou very Countries the Anccftors of the Sammt formerly enjoved. The tutt confiderable Defcent they made was oh the Me of Si^ in Ktmtf in the Year 832. The next Year they landed in Dtr/tt- Jkift with lb formidable an Army, that diey obtained a ViAory over die Buglet though commanded by King Eg^rt in Perfon t bowerer, as their Buiineft was only to plunder, they retired to thdr iihips again : Two Years after they landed in CtnwUt and though they were joined by the Bnt0$u, King Ei^ert was was fo well pro« vided to receive diem, that he drove them out of the Kingdom ; the •ext Year (836) this King died at WimehefitTf which he made die Capital of his Dominions, as many of his Succeflbrs didafterwards. The Abm condnued to harrafs and plunder the maritime Paru of die Kingdom nntil the Rein kX Alfrti% who afcended the Throne ib die Year 87 a. He fought leven Batdes with the Dtmi in a very ihort TioK, with various Succeft. They did not now content themfelvet with plundering Ae Country at fomerly, but aftually pofleflied them* fdves of the greateft Part of the Kingdom ; and frcfli Reinforce- mentt coming over every Year, it was expeAed they would have jnadeaaendre Conooeftof the Ifland, undl King itfjj^W equipped a Fleet, with whkh he guarded the Shores, and deftroycdthe Veffdi coming over with armed Troops. However, the Dntt were ftill ib firong, that Jifirtdmn forced to come to a Treaty^ widi them 1 where- by he yielded up the Eaflern Countries of Emi/tmd to them, on Coa- didon of their abandoning the reft. LmJtt was oneof cheCides the Dmu had taken, which was con* £rmed to them by this Treaty ; but the D«mn breaking the Treaty, and bringing over frefli Forces the following Year, the War broke oat •ff^in, when King J(frtJ recovered LmtitH and moft rf the Towns the jJ«w/hadpoflefled themfelvet of 1 and fo often defeated their Fleets, that they did not think fit to invade the Kingdom for feven Ycsrs afterwards ; though their Countrymen, fouled nere, appear to have been almoft as numerous as the Smjnms. Peace was no fooner reftored, but Jl/hd applied himfdf to the reftoring Learning, and improving ArU and Sciences ) for at this Time tjiferp wa« ^ce a Layman Uiat could i«ad £»; /(^ or a Pricft that lUrty a the ioB of *emtn ■deaa lOand. And I dCBO- rerwat before wu no fei the ihabited enjoyed. Dtr/tt- Viftory Perfont i tothor id thoagh well pro- lom; the made the irwerds. e Para of Throne iin very Ihort hemieWet diem- .einforce- lald have rereaittfo { wheit* onCoe- )wuc0n- be Treaty, broke oat Towns the keir Flectt, ^f en Yeart to have Ifdf to the lor at thti jr a Pricft that M S G L A N 6. tg$ titft oodetifood Utim: QySriefpedallx waa^obfifed lodiiiMMe lor leSorinc that Uuifcrfity ; ud to thia Priaoe itMnerall/ af. €ribd the dividiagAifAntf into Coonttes, Hoodicda, l^AiBga, Mii PariOiet. While he was bofied ia thefe Rego1atiom» the Dams ntuntA SMin, and beiw joined with their Coantryroen that wertf harebeftiCr iniidaed great Part of the Kioedooi, and took the Citx of AmMt, and it was u much as Jl/redcoxad do to fecnre L$mdm aad RtekAr i nor was he able to exj^ the Datiet, thooKh he Ibeght •pwaraa «f tfif Batdes widi them, if we may credit Hiftory . He dica at Wim^ tbtfitr^ in the fifcy-firft Year of his Age, and the thirtietli of bit Acijpi* Jnm 900. The DtKtt contioaed to plnnder and harrafs the Conntry ontil tiiB Reign of f/i^/rr^/II. who finding himielf a nable to icfift dien, a|^reed to pay them a Tribute of 10,000 /. fer jlwmmt on ConditioB chey woold make Peace with him ; which they accepted at that Time, b^ made fbrther Demands every Year, until this Tribute amooniad to 48,000 /. ftr jtmmtm. Daring thefe Depred^ttiona of the Dmus, vis. aboet the Year 1000, the Uoiverfities ofOx/ird and Cambiit^ were deftroyod, and no Exerdfes performed in either of them for feverai Years. In the Year 1002, our Hiftories relate, that there waa a general MaiTacre of the Dmntt throughout the Kingdom i wfakb is not much to be credited, fince the Dams were then as nuoierous as dM Sii Inhabitants, and we fiad them more powerful a litde while a f te r w a ids. Svuaim, King of DtMrnmri, landed at 5«uAi>iV/^ in the Year roi), and made an entire Conqueft of the Kingdom, by the Affiftance oif hie Countrymen, which were fettled here before 1 which fliews the little Credit that is to be giren to the Account of a general Mafliwre. Kinr BibtlrtJ, on this Invafion of the Anw/, Am, with hia Queen and two Sons, BdwmrJ and Al/retf, to Ntrmmafy 1 whereu p on dM Ibn^Jb, at wdl as the />«m», fubmitted to Swaiih and aclmowledgedluni King of EutUiid. He was fucceeded by his Son CamuN the Grtmt, and he bv his Son HartUi wholcavinc no Iffue, HmNbeamatt his Half-Brother, who was related both to the Dmmjh and Smma Kings, facceeded to the Throne ; however, he is ftilcd the diird Dmm^ King, and was fucceeded by Ethumrd tie Cui/^^, Son of BtMred, in whom the Saxm Line was reftored again. Upon the Death of Edward tbt Ct^tfir^ HarM, Sen of the popular Earl G^win^ ftepped into the Throne, on Pretence diae the C»)i/,Jft,r had appointtnl him his Succeflbrt butMW^Ms Duke 9l( NomaHdjft making the like Claim, iavaded the Kingdeoa, and coning; to a Battle with Harold near Uafiiagr in Smfftat deiiaied his Rival, who was killed in the Engagemeni 1 and theieupon William I. was proclaimed Kine of EagUmd in the Year 1066. Hb ttfed the Engl^h with fome Humanity at his AcoeflMm \ but finding them dirguOed at his rewarding his Nmrman FoUowers with Ea^i^ fftates, and that they were engaged in continual Plots so detbrane him in Favour of Edgar JtltiiHg, neat Heir to the Crown, he treated the BagJl/b barUaroud/, cutting off the Hands and Feet of nan/ *54 ENGLAND. auujr Thoffands, and dcftrayiag all the North of Smglsml mik Fire and Sword j and gave away all dw Landi to his Ntrmmtfi } ittfomach that before he difirft of his Reign, and was buried in the Abbey of C«tm m Ntrmandf, being his own Foundation. He bad ten Children, five Sons and five Daughters; i. Rderf, Duke of Ncrmmmiii a. ti^iJ/iam, who died young ; 3. XiVAeri, wk> was killed in the New Foreft ; 4. IViHiam Rufus^ his Succeflbr ; 5. Btttiy I 6. Ciitlyt his eldeft Daughter ; 7. Confianet ; 8. Alift i 9. Adti», married to Sttphtn, Earl of Blois, by whom fhe had Stifba, afitrwards King of £«(f AsWi and, lo. jigatb: 1087.] William II. firnamed Ri>Ju$ from his red Hair, fncceeded his Father in the Kingdom of Englamit as Rthtrt his eldcft Soo •did in the DulChy of Normandy ; and Rahert laying Claim to England, a War commenced between the two Brothers* which ended in « Treaty ; whereby it was agreed, that each of them (hoold retain what he poflefled, and that the. Survivor (hoold fucceed both to the Kingdom and Detchy. And in the Year 1093, the King made s Conqueft of Waki, which the Suxvn Monarchs were never able to fubdue« Duke Ro^trt afterwards mortgaged his Dutchy of Normandy for 10,000 L to his Brother Ifilliam, in order to equip himfelf to under- take a Crofado to the Holy- Lund; where leruja'.em being takea from the Infidels, the reft of the nublc Adventurers offered to make hiffl JH H G L A N D, •51 mtmtx leoan to the IMthe iealou that ke inlitgtt !flWwu lib thdr for that u^e aa utelY Tc- eduiem- Tribute, 1 defeated infiftedon bis ciiifing and taking icther with 4t all the w, and tne .firft of hw being bu I. JioktTi, icUrd, who icceffor ; 5. . Jli" » 9- lad Sttfbttt , focceeded eldcft Sob 4 to Englt^t ended m* hould retam [both to the Cine made a kcver able to ^ormandy fot lelfto uny the fole Will and P|eafureof the Prince; bom Life and Fortunn faenia to have been in the Power of the Crown, from the Time of the Conqueft to that Time. This Revival of the Sajtoa Lawa, and fednang the Principal of them into Writing, was the Foundation of that Sutttie, which afterwards obtained the Name of Magna Charta. Duke J2«4»r/a ot his Return to AVmcw^, aflembled an Axmjr and invaded EmrUmd i but coming to a Treaty afterwards with hia Brother King mmyt it was agreed that ^Tony ihouhl enjoy the King- 4op for Life, paying /{tf^/ •> annual Sum of 3000 Marks, and that the Survivor fhoiud lucceed buil to the Kingdom and Dutchy. But the War breaking out afterwar 's, Utnn invaded Ntrmaiufyf took Dnke Rtkn Prifi)ner, and abLlately fubdoed that Dutchy. But after all this Succefa, hia eldeft Son, Prince fFi/MMKt and two more of his Children, with upwarda of an hundred Noblemen and Perfons of Diftin^on, were caft away and perilhed in their Vovage from N»r- mmdf to £iultmd; and he had then only one Daughter left, named Mtilda or Mtmdt who was married firtl to the Emperor Hnwy IV. lad afterwards to J^ery Piantagtrntt, Earl of Jnjom, by whom (he had a Son named Hniy, afterwarda King of Ei^UnJ. Aa for Duke Mtru the King'a eldeft Brother, he died a Prifoner in Cardiff Cattle » H^iJtSf Amm 1 134 } and the King himfelf died of a Surfeit the next I Year, having firft appointed his Daughter, the Emprefs Maudt hia I Sacceflbr, and made his SubjeAs fwear to her Succemoa : Not with • fanding which Precaution, ^tt^btm Earl of B»l»ipi, Son of 44ltla the Conqueror^s fourth Dauebter, in 113;. ftept into the Throne while the Emprefs Jlfdw^ watwfent in Fratieti but the Emprefs coming |»incrand claiming the Crown, a Civil War cnfued, and many Battles were t^ B H (i t A H 3. ^KIC nopit with VUKNU SOOCCM. At MMgtA It WM WfftKUf ^Itt iie4» between the contending Partiei, tMt Khif Smhtm- AmmM infov die Crown IbrUI^ uAiiMHimrf, tlw Sim of ^ BnpMb, ftMMfaooeed him i Ad the next YisarKtng Bt^im died, wheranpog Mkmj II. in i rs4» afeended the Throne wittiont Oppofition. Ht refiuned the Gruti of the Crown Lands wmph Kiiig Sttfin lad nide (whom he looked a^ •• m Ufarper.) He hod n mat €bancil» confiSrog of dke Clergy and Baroni, whoH» he prevaiwd on toiweario the Soooeffion ^hb Son*, W^iUUm and Htmrjt foceeffivdjr^ •nd confirmed the great Charter aanted bjr his Omndftdier Himj4 Ife did Honag? t» the frmk Kingfer die Datehy ttS Mtmm, iGniam and Gafitm) and for Ihrmmmft, Ai^ Mt^m and ftrnmni, m tht» Reign theKingi of InyAn/aad FnuKV peilbnaei dm OffiM •f Yeomen of the Stiirop to Pope AUxmndir. Arcbbifhop Bicitt and the Cleigy infilled exceeding iniblent, that the King let MI fimie Expidfioni< m if he wanted to get rid of him ; whereupon fbnr of the King's Xnights hafiened to CmMrhmry, and kilkd the ArchbHho^ as he was at Prayers before the Altar, for which the King was obnced to do PVinance. The Qoeen and the King's Sons ibon after raifed a Rebel> Son againfthim, on Acconntofhis PamiliariQr with Fair Jf^^Mmr/^ fA and his Sons, being joined by iktFrtmek King, dcfhaed their Father^ which broke the Kioe's Heart. He died on the 6di of Jalf 1 1 89, ia Ae fixty-firft Year of his Age. 1189}. i^>'(A^i'I' dieddefkfarvivingSondffliwrjr II. facceedd him. He engaeed- in a Gnifado 10 the noly 'Land with the Frtath King, conqaercdthelfland of Cyfinu, and took the City of Aen if PaltjUnei bnt wstr-taken Prifoneron his Return Home bv dttDuke of AfJHa, and an immenfe Som naid for hisRanfem. m was moro tally wounded before the Caftleot C^aA*/ in FraHtt^ and died on da 6cb of Jprit 1 199, in the fbrty.firft Year of his Age, and dm tctth of his Reign. 1 199.] John, the Brodier of Riebafd^ and yoongeft Son of Vtmf II. took his Nephew Jrtbur (Son of Jtfery, his elder Brother) hi- fcner. - This Prince loft Ntrmeni^t MaiMt, f$traitu, Aijtm, and Ptk' m i and encaging in a War wiut his Barons, was excomnnnicatcd and depofed by tat Pope. The BaH>ns were fhppetted againil Ua by Imvri, Dauphin of Frtmee, who brought ofcr a Bbdv of Forco^ atid joined the Barons. Bnt King yobn coidhiting to become tbs PoMi*s VaiTal, and pay him an annnat Tribnse, tie Pspe abfolved hia. and took his Part againft the Barons ; whereupon his Affain begaats have a better Face : but he died before an End was put io the War* in the^fifty.fecond Yearofhis Ager and the Eighteendrof his BeigSi .Aiwiai6. I ti6.] tbtry III. eldeH Son of King Jobm^ fuccceded him, sal did Homage to the Pope. He afterwards defe«ed the Barons snd the Oaupbin, refumed the Crown Lands, and cancelled the great Charter I and a Rebellion being formed apunft him, h« was coa- pcHM dbe( PHTo what Mm. m H Q L A if B. *8f Mfori ■j^ Overt 1^ ll«9. » [.roceeeW the Fr<»» of i#««« tIteDttv diedo»*« idthctetfi other) ft> ,, andP"*; dyofFoKW* I become W L,Wbl»edhJ»» feiinbeg«tt, tt » t^* ^•^* ed Mm, «»* Eed the V^\ «ABdWA||bmMnioddcgaat hit Power to tiMnqf-fiwrLiMids»aaA WM awPilW hy dMMp, Dot wfeaed b/ hhSon, onid ifftorwl. IMS.] M d nmnH , tUcfl Son of Anogr UL redoeed the Power. «f dieCiorgjr, fiibdlied tf^miu and &ir/n< and made the Kino of ^ttu MA»er. Tlhroe Kw^n were dMfeo in every Opfuqr, 4o dcmainii what bfieAkml wcfo made in dw«rettChortcr« 1307O Mmt^II. only ibrviving Son of Edumhit fiwccedcA him. Tbit ^arou compdied him to banifli hit Pavoorite Piirs G«- «MfM, and to deh^pte hit fower to certain Loirda. They after- waidt cut off Gmi^a'a Head. (The Orfkr of Knights Templaca was aboliihed in 1 1 u.) A Gv0 war commeocinc between the &ii^ and the Barons, m» compdied him to baoiih the Spmttr» his Fa* voorites, bat he iecaUed them { wherenpon the Qpeen. and MttUmw her Gallant, went over toiFrMut, taking Prince MuMifi/withlhem. They afterwards invaded the Kingdom, mnrdered the two ^tmutt, and depofisd the King, ijiyj Biw^rita, ddeft Son of EdwmrJll. fucceeded to the Crown in his Father's life-time » the Qneen and Mtrtimtr ufnrping the Adainiftratioii dorii^ his Minori^, murdered Edwmrill. Btt Uwttmtr was finacd in tut Qgeen's Apartment afterwards, by King Bivmrd UL and execoled. This Ki^ invaded FrMMV; and obtain- cd a ViAory at Cr^^^ (>3460 and David, King of the Sets, wu BiadePrif it » & I Jt j^ t; JIkWIII. laiiMd a ViOory onr; KiM J>li /i F«t^, uri Klltt Wnn wit iHadtPriibnerlttti: KiaglAaiMl #«s altehrardi ddbNid Vti» 3iil^jr4/«itfto lifafMMl hll liiWM, Mi kdrdered both the Kia| lad buiHBth(»ierititri Dukk of n/i. Hk im tNe^odiigeJI Sdhiof Xi^i^/ the iff Duke of r0ri, and wu kUled at ihjb Rittle df ifcAv^/A. r4«c, bjr Mrin^ Eiit df ^ieb*nit who #i» dMreobOA pMidaiAM^ JUngiaihe Add of Battle. 1 48c.] Minty Vir. was ddc^^d fh>m Julm tfG^Ubit; 1>itke tf iMUcofir, dlt!^'/bttrth Son oiT fAv^^'Ul. He IMrilM tliiuJM cfTddft Dadgfiiter tf IAxM»>kH[V. iM tbtireby utoised the Mottfes tf tvri atid Imncefitr. He defciiteil the Mfo^'ieaton df taialbitn 5Mm< mo p(i^onafUl ^I^AcK/ Bake ItT t^k^ ind in«de iMlto^ Ptw mer, i^t?. ' /'/r;(/» ^«r2rri kfterwAr^ls frMbitaled X/VAiri/ Di^'ofrtri, nd raired a Rebcftidit, bot was ^nade Prifi»'er, aid^tMcnieid 1409. TU King extorted ^feit Sams frOm hit Subj^, .^e inattiM his ckkl Son. PiiDce'J<^/larr. fe KmtHariht 6fSpmht fiiifntkir I4, i^oti b« Jrttfur died'0ie li^jaS Jbril'fMayiAiig. Nc ^tturied Ihe Prindft Margarcty bh eldelt mooter, tO %iiwi IV. Ktfi^^lcffir/W, iciif The 0«/r^' Were in thisKei;^ cjlidnded f^jm iflfingdnlbeCMif jr«fAwi/, ^yTieaty. 1 COA.I 'Hft.n Vm. the (ec6nd bat only (farvifinc Sdn of Hmj Vlf. by the Lady i%Mlf#^, cUdt XhiOght* of JShMM/ IV. 6c. •ceded CO the 0«#n 156^. He confirM the general Pardos hli FiuAcr had gniffcd ; ati -jiiubliOicd a PK^clandoff, dediring, thit if any AT hk StMiseas hii been wron^ny deprived of their^B^i a«tfer Coloar of OwniT- fions for levyMg FpHeiBiins, ia dif 111 ]le%n, th^ (hoofil reoa«e Satisfa6lidi». Ttk infetior AgiMi of Aa^lCii and D$&w weit ftt ii thePdIefy, and 1b6c1(^^ OelM by Ike Nibble. Hefolemni^d hisMaimgewia thf Fi^kceft tMth»im, hUBn)- jfter 'i^/W*l Widow, da fU %ft tf Jtm, *nd cadfed faq^ af />« ta7M»if«^ «ldi a emt Araqr • bi fnoa, tad iniiaii dwlMt MwJMMWfiw teSiiAxiiMd) iMviiVMMaiiaMtiidjFor F««»rA TfooM* itok 7«MiMlr am f w m m ii fffiiwitr. h A4 PMmTimiIw ftMlarMi7,%XniiVQML^f««m# ^^ovtftfefMMttAyhhi^niilfM d«9ib«r&lMiJi(», Kill w/lV.triM^lKtwUilMlkAtmiVlMde. Caid 3r4<» tfca Npift LyJaTjiitliiiiiif of fW^i wrf UA CiiKJf •r fiy^mA became Kia^ MiMiar iai f I c. Tkw happened ia I^rontAiof of dH MM** Aflpitadeti is 1 51 1* of cj^dKag Mi SMHrnin at earned OB Tfflei ii I waica baiiiK AaaMftd. aod <• dn Bleifeia wen 1 of Titeimi. and fifiieii of theai woo il9ifiNp|;fM» deaed oi eke laterceftaa ofdwQaBiai of trnktiJ^ tr^mt, ttbiSai' im((lmididiii|iBtfaeOoartoriiMdML TbefivkatiagSkknaft raged lUi Year, (1(17) afiMllf canviagof dw Padeat ia tbrea Hoar*. la feait Toaraa baif Hm Biefile awck fweptaway, aad tteTcnaa #efO a^famaM fnmlmM far a Year Bad Ttanrnf waa deUeeied back tt tba fhanft,. oa aTlca^ df llifi- Kige between dw Daapbk aad tkaMaceft May, ofdm^ taioyeariold, i5i9. "'ag Hmpj writial tfoidiaTideorDEFERDBJt OF wU^ bb Sacceffim retain to di» Day. IFtfliyfnemii^EJmtMSuMt uokcaf tiiaied aad eancated IbrHidi'neafoa, iba Vlaee of HiA Sieveid of AfAnibai aaear baea oonMnfed on aey PecfiM fiace, M opon par^i doalar OcoeteiM} aa the TkTal of a Pieer, wbia a iii|^ S(a«ai4 ia Kiag Mwrjp writutt a Book afeaiaft laditf*, about icci, the fojpt f^vet^diaTitleorDEFENDBJt OF Tit£ FAITK ' "t bb Sacceffim retain to tbk Dar. If to be at. oidcibrtbatFiapole. Tbti fcingi fai laitadgn of fke Ssnrct to be nuda or die Vabie of al Santf C enaae t ot i oiderbd aa onft qf aU dw Eftaeea bi cbe Kbigden, be ooavw* TW| mifif*i Iiegaidae 9opar befaig cqntfaiaed tA bun ftr LUe, Ijtt; be was diereb^ emponwHd ta dnZtck tte IcAr iiaenteeieei « «• iidehimiofoaiidaOrtI^atASf4«rri> and anocber at Oi^/ Tbe Cdlege of ^j^Nuns waa irft «#afalidMd bi Ijea. IW'V. the f^mk Kbtt. «as faken FrifioMer by tbe AaperiaUda, at dw Jhtde of ANiiain /Mn <^ Kiag Htarjft Icfyiog lloaay on tbe Sabjeft witboot a PaHbanMir, come to any Dctembtation 1 at wbidi Ibagr ma fe aocb ex* K a t6o E N G L A N J>. aTperatedi that it b bioookA to be tlw prindiMl Oocafioa of Cardhd TM Great Seal wu Ibon ato taken from XF«^, and «?en to Sir 7bmM Mmre : And T«^ was vdjodgcd to have incaired a Pn- aumirtt in piocunM' Bulls mn JZeatv to cxecote hi» Legantine Powers in 152^ I. and bis Oatleges at Ojc^^/and Jp^itb were feized by die ,Kincic30} and he was apprdhended at TtHtt and charged widi Wffk. Titafon, but dijed at uicefttr on the Road to LMuh»t the fiune Year. TheClergy were afrerwards adjudged to have incurred a Prtnmmrt, in applying to the See of Rami, and fabmitdng to the Legantine Power in 1531. And now the King thonghc fittofeparatehinitlT fioQi Qoeen A4tfl!i«ri»r» and never faw her more. . However, the King was cited to appear at Utrntt to anfwer Qaeea Katbmrinit Appeal, or fend a Proxy thither } but he refufed both. Tho Laws againft Herefy were pot in Execution rigoroofly at thii Tifliet and feveral Proteftants burnt. The Kins, in 1532, nurried jImm BulUnt fecond Daughter of Sir 7b9$Mu BiJUti, Earl of WtU/birt and OrmtKd; and the Convocatioa declared the King's Marriage with Queen Katharint void, 1 533. Archbiftop Cr/ftmtr pronounced the Sentence of Divorce, and the King's Marriage with the Lady Jmi ButUn was confirmed ; wd before ue Year expired, the Q^een was broaght to Bed of 1 Dauditer, baptized oy tlM Name of £/iauiif/ift, afterwards Queen 0^ BwM, 153^ And now the King and Parliament proceeded to renounce all Sob' jeAion to the See of^Mw, Amiu 1534. And they enaAed the fame Year, That the Kins was fupremeliead of the Church of firf/ni and gave him the irft F^ruits and Tenths. And Bifhop Fijttr and Sir Tt$Huu Mart were condemned and executed for High Treafon, is doaying the King's Supremacy, in 1 C35. , All Monnfleries under 200 /. per Jmnm were given to the King bj AA of Parliament, whereby 376 were fupprelTed, Jmu i C36. , Xcn Thoubnd Friars and Nuns were turned out of tne Monalle- rics, without any Allowance for their Subfiftence, or ycry litde, tht fame Year. ff^aits was united and incorporated with Engird, by AA of Parlia- ment, this Year. The Bible was ordered to be tranilaied, and printed infsf^^i .the fiune Year. .. King Henry in a fliort Time became jealous of Queen jhM, caufed her to be condemned bv the Peers for High Treaibn, is Irocuring her Brother and four otJiers to lie with her 1 and, oblifiof er to oonfefs a Pre-contrafl with the Earl of SoribimbeTUmJ, wn divorced bv Archbiihop Cnmwfr's Seiftence ; after which flie was ex- ecuted in the fe^uer 1 5 36. The King immediately married the Ladjf j0ne Srjmmtr. The Parliament conmmed the Attainder of Qg(^ ,/lniit, and enaAed^ That both the Divorces were legal, and t» ,I(rue.of.boih Marnogea illegitimate, and incapable of iohcritiog tki CruHii. _. ENGLAND. %Bt f JTCB to ft ?f»- e Power* idby tke ged widi thefiuM 1533- . divorce, and G^edi m4 to Bed of > 4iQoee«o( snce all Sab* ed the f>mc ip ajbir an^ ^ Treafoa,U The Soppreffing the Monafleries occafioocd an lofantAioB in ib« North, abottt this Time. Qooro Jmi was brought to Bed of a Prince, (afterwards Id' mt)Mr(d VI.) hot the Queen died two Thyi after her DeUvery, Jam Many of the greater Monafteries were prerailed opon to forrcndtf dieir Chtrters ; and the King feized fbmtt Bttht** rich Shrine, and convertec it td its own Ufc, Aimo i ^38. The Pop; proceeded to abfolve the King's SabjeAs £rom their Allegiance, decreed him to be depofed, and invited all ChriiUan Princes to make War upon him. The fix Articles of Religion were eftabliflied by AA 01 Parliament ; and a Statute made, confirming the Seizures and Surrenders of di« AbUes, which amounted to the Number of 64$, whereor t8 were qiitred Abbots. There were fupprefled alfo 152 College»> Aod 119 Hoipitals, Aitn§ 1539. Tne Bifliops took oat CommiflSons from the King, impowcriag them to ordain and execute their Epifcopal FunAion. Crtmwe/i was about this Time atuinted of HighTreafon by AA of Parliament, without being heard, and beheaded on Itwtr-bUt the aSthof 7«^. 1540. ; The Kxaz having married the Lady jlim of Qttvt, Archbidiop Crmmir and the Convocation divorced the King from her, Jmit 1540, on Pretence his Majcfty's internal, free Confent was wanting at the Marriage ; and the Parliament pafled an Ad, confirmina the Judgment of the Convocation. Then the King married the Lady Kwmriiu H»w«rJ, Jmu 1540, who was accnied by Archbiihop Crmmr of Incontinence, and attainted of High Trealbn by AA nf Parliament, widiout being brought to aTryal, and beheaded on Tgvitr- til/ ou the 13th of Fiiruery^ V$^^' It was enaAed alfo to be H^h Treafon, not to diicover a Queen'a Incontinence ; and to be Hljgh Treaibn in any one to marry theXii^ if (he was not iband a Virgin. /rfiW was, at this Time, Ami$ i ;4X, ereAed into a Kingdom hf the Parliament of Irtlmult which was confirmed bv an A A of the £<^ii> Parliament, and the King thereopon took the Tide of King 6i IrtUad. The Litanv wu fet forth in Engti/b, and commanded to be read io Churches, Amu 1 543. The King married the Lady Ktuhmrint Pmrr^ Widow of the Lord Luimtr, no Virgin daring to truft to his ConifaiiAion of the AA he had procured concerning a Queen's Virginity. An AA was made, limitmg the Succcflion of the Crown Urn Fttlnre of Iflue of Prince Sduuur^ to the Princcffes Mary and f A- tudtti I and, in Default of Ifliie of either of them, to fuch Perfoa la the King IhoeM appoint by his Letters Patent, or Left Will, A»m iJic Coond! of Tmt wM opened on the Thlttccntb t(D.'temitr» R 3 King a^ S N G L A S D; - Kwf tiffirj died m tke s6tkTc|r oT Ms Age, tad jSth ofhii ^go; '4ni« 1546, anil wa* buried at XPi«^» whM« he fbanded a CoI£n Ibr lUtteen poor Kaightt and two Pridb. As he defti«jrcd all £e JtcKgioss Hoarei. vm. 1 14S, and idaed their Lands, amonntin^ t6 iSstTP;/. i^s. ffrjHHim, l^e ont of them erefted fix Biihopncki, mhi. frt/lmiii/tr, Ox^J, PiHrt9rii^h, BrijMt Chfjltr, and GUmtfp'i Ibnnded frimih Golle« in Camtri^f, »adCAri/l*$ Hofpical in £«aiM, •ttd refounded (^r^-L/(»rrifr Colfeee in Ot^d. 'The Kfoc being inpowered to liiiiit the Siieceffon of the Crown hfA&of Pariiatnent, fettled it on the Iflbe of his roongeft Sifter M17, by C/^ar/ei Brandt* Duke of StJUi, in Cafe his two paugh< ters, Mtuy and E/ixddrth, iiei whhont Ifliie, to the Exdufion of Mtirpirtt his eldeft Sifter, who had matried Jstaet IV. King of the (fa/t. He had bjr the Infanta KmtbmriM two Smif, fhpry.uA another not |iam«d, VKho died youngs and one Daughter named .Af«r)', afterwardt Queoi id EHg/mtiJ. He had ly hi< feeond Wife Aunt BbUm, the Princefs EStu^ii, ^fierwardt Qtteen of #ivA>«<^» and a ftill-born Soiu He had by his thini Wife the Lad^ Jimt Sepmiir, pnly one Chii4 |iancd Ethomrd* who fnopecded h>m tn th# Throne. By his ochec Wives he lef^ no itfoe. •$47rl Eiwmra Vf. the only Son of ttttrj vni. by Jam hj- iaiMir ms third Wife, focceedcd his father, being bnt nine Years of %i«N*y fSnuMar, Ear! pf BtrtM, the King's Uncle, was made f roteApri who, prpqiring hhCmnmiiion to be enlarged, aAed ari)i> trarily without the Conconence of the reft of the Regents. In ds Beginning of this Rfi|n, ai| Order of Council was made againft the ^Msy^ Siiperftitioni (U>d fat remQying Images out of theChnrchet, {sTr. Aaa icaS. The pNtl Higfc Adpiiral Stfnf m r^ the Prote^r*s ypnneer Brother, was atuinted in Parliament oif H|gh Treafon, wid]«at being hlwi}, knd beheaded ^«m > 549> A Peve being concluded with H-antef Ant t $59, tthiga was de- livered up ( hut the Ftput Kins ftijwlatcd to jm the King of Imkad (in jConfidcration thamjr, and for the Tribute in Arrear from FrMft) 400,900 Crowns : And it wss agreed, that thii Trestjf fltonid npt prejudice tHe Qaim of Etrglasul puim tq fmfi or Scit' The Common-Prayer Book was eftabUflifd by A& of Pariiamem in 15$ > f and aik>t)ur AA was made, dfdaring thc.Marriage of the vlergy valid. The Dnke of Ntrtkamhrlnd narrifd Ma Son, Caiil^W Dmiiff, to the Ladjr y^it Grtf, Grand daughter to Mtuj Qgeen of Fr»M, BiAcr to finrjf VII|. and prevailfd on the vonnc King to fettle die Crown on this Lfdy, to the Exdufion of the Princefles Mary and fljtMhtlt. This Dnke alfo prevailed on him to fign another Com- {uAun fpr the Vifiutipn of the Churches t by Virtue whereof he ' ' ■ ' (cised M I^ Q L A N D. a6| the King of ute ito Arrear atthhTKHy V««fy or Jrt'- Mna M tk* Rcvaiadir «f tMr Ffattaad OnwMnH } feon after which Kiof g^uHKSikdrnGmmtick, fa dw SisMMth Year of hi* Agt, aed the Snaaik of hkHdf^ cad wu b«kd «t 0f*JlmaJUrp 4"^ >5SS* In atwinpHl to fad oot aPafi^ to tha JT^'JUfor hjr th« North* Eat, mthekftYcaf ordiulUigakthaWajrtoiAviM^iaMe/^Mnr, by the Nocdk Oapa, was diiGOirered bjr Cqit. CsmeeUtr. Tiw other taoSMp** aapl^cd widi hha to atteapc a NordwEaft Paflaae, atid comouttded by Sir Uk^ WUkagUj the Adfairal, aod Capcaia gh/trtkt both periflMd wtdi their Coiaapaaders aad CrewS| ba the CMftof Jb|^ IffkBit iiippoM » haft died of the Scorrcx, J/m ■5S3* 15^).] Ai«7 1, only Dmahier of Kng IXmry Vm. by Kmtitrim of Met*. Ibceeeded her Brotaer Bdmmrd t bat the Council proclaim- ed tae Lady TSaw Gfa Ooeen : However, Queen iiarf prevailing, dM Doke mfhrthmitrlMad^ the great Sapportrr of Qgcen Jmnt kia I>aaghicr*ia-lAW^ was feat to the f Mvcr« with three of bia Seat. Tha l^ojpift BUbMt were reflored, and the Proteftant Ciflmpo (par* dcidarly C»v«r/«^ BiAop of Exttttt and Uotftf fiifiwp of Gkiu^ltii vefocoaHnbtad to mrilba for ezercifing dMbr F^oAiona. Archbiihop CraMwr, Biliop Uuimtr. and feveral ownc of the Pro* ktent Ckfgy, wete coauaitnd to Ptubo for Trealoa, ia oppofing the Qaeen*> AcceiBoa I aodleveral fled beyond Sea. The Doke of MrfAaMiAcrAM/waa condemned and execated, with (iveral othera, Ibr High Tieafen, in oppofing Queen M«rf. An ABt •aAdairo, prohtbWaf th« Diteibuj of PrteftTiaytngMaft, or tho Wnkiag down Altan or Imag^a. AiiMMr hSt waa made, repeahng •U the Statoies made \^ Kiag SJmmf* Rdga ooaceming Religion. AichbifltopO-MMT. GaU4t^ DmMif, aadlSa Wife the Lady ^iMe GrQT, were condemaed (or High Trnfoa r Aid the Lady y*M, »ith kcr Hulbaod and Father, were cxecoied fa 1544* aad tM Priacefa ttimtktk was imBrifeaad. Several Thoouwd Protetaat ClergyaMa were deprived of their Prefenaeati, and Ae Popiih Service reflored. Philip Dvkt {Jmfirir^ fioa of the Bmperor Ckmh» V\ arriviagin Mt^/awd, wai married to to the (^Maa at If^btttr die ajdi of /a^, 1 554. The Parliament nctoaoio nth of N t mm ktr, and a ppo i ied extremely devoted to Hilip their aew King, who broaght over a vaft Treiirure with kim ( aad aow dio Laws againft IsiUrds and Hereticki were re- vived. ^i9 JKmw« waa the firft Martyr of thefe Times, being burnt /or Hcrefy at Zwdkab aad Bifliop Mmftr at Glmafltr, Amm 1 $$ ;. Bifliop KUSrf aad Latimn were bnrnt at Oxford the ieme Year : ArchbittOD &MNMr recanted in Hopes of Lira, but was afterwards bunt at Om/krd, Ad. 14. 15 $6, tad die fiuno THy Cardinal ?«/r was RMde Aiekbifliop of Qmttrimy, The Emperor Charin V. Jbmt 1596. refigned the Crown of (^\ aad all hit Domiaioas, to hii Sob PkiUft dM Queen's Conforr, a$4 r n c r a n m tii«i:<^i^iBi/ who dwnqpOB tScaiuti theTkraw of Sfmm^ ttMd intaan Alliinoe with Spain ^^bA frmu i lieiic over 8000 Men va iikc ABSSupt vt ^ SfammnS im tht Ctmnriu, Antu 1 557, by whofe Affiftiace they obtained the Viaory. of St.StnMim'% : However/GiAi^ wwi farmixedj.by Ac fftneh tlie next Year, ^m* i (58, ato it had been ia the Poflcffion of dw Bttfi/b above aoo Yean. The i^oMa of £iifiW, it is faid, btoke h« Heart for the Lo(s of Culait : She died in the 43d Year of her Age, and the 6th of her Reign, and was boned at Wi/MmJIar. 1558.1 EiiMMUtbt the onty Daughter of l/carjr VIII. by Jam $uiUm, fiioceeded her Half Sifter Qneen hUry. King I»i6i4^ propoicd to marry her, bat his Suit was rejcQed. The Parbament addnflied the Qaeen to ttarry, which ihe ever feened wotmtSy aVerfe Id. AH the Laws for efl^lilhing the Popifli Religion, which were iMude- by Queen Marj, were repealed Aittu 155Q ; and the Qbeeh's S«. premacy was re-enaAed, and the A61 of Unifemiity pafled foon mer. The Oath of Snpremacy being tendered to the Bifliops and Clergy, a!l the fiiihops but Dr. Kitebn (Biihop of L»Hdaf)uX^aM it, and were'WWBinitted to Prifon. Rtbtrt DmdUft the youogeft Son of the late Doke ci Nmrih t i m itr hadt was made Mafler of the Horfe and Knight of the Garter, and becune fo great a Favoorite, that all Applications to the Throne were made l^ him, Aim§ 1560. Gotten B/i*aittbt Aim$ 1561, aflifled thsFmei Preteftants, who thavrt.^.GrMet into her Hands as a Cautionary Tovn. The dy Katbmrint Gny, of the Royal Family, having married the Earl of mrtforJt was divorced from him by the Qoeen's DireAions, Amm 156a, after they had had two Sons'} and they were both imprifoncd nd lined. , The Thirty-nine Articles of Religion were eftablilhed by the Coa. vocation about this Time, ntitt. in 1 563. The Queen of Sets married Htnrj Stuart Lord Darmltj, whom flie had lately made Duke ttiMhmnj i and the next Day he was poblickl/ proclaimed King, Aunt 1 c6(. David RixKo, an ItMaa, Secretary to the Queen of Setts, was alTaffinated by the King's DireAion, and in hu Prefenec, Amm 156$. The King imajgiined that Rhuta had advifed £be Qyeen to ejtclnde hia from the Adminiftration of the Government. The Queen of Setts was brought to Bed of a Sdn, bi^jdaad by dM Name of ^4mtt, afterwards King of EntUiul, Amt 1 566. The Kmg of Setts was not long after murdered, by the Contri' Tance of the Earl of Mmtroff and BttkneM, the (mm Year 1 and Murrspf, to throw the Odium of it upon the Qneen, perfoaded her to narry BtibvutU, After which, Murray and the Lords took the Qoeaa Prifoner, and compelled her to refign her Crown to her Son t hot (he made her Efcape, and raifed an Army, Aant 1568, and, beui defeated bv Murray, (he fled into Entlaiul, upon laigWPromifes of Favour and Affiilance fiom Queea SU%akttkt who ailnvrards madi her a Prifoner. The jTif a t J Tf b: i^S ^ 9th the r Heart |e, «b4 by Jmif ptopofitdr iddidTed irerfeto. ere«»d» Ben*« S«- fied ibon dClerBrt bdit, »nd barter, ni kitoAeweie ^"^ nitlMBul lions, ifM» impriibnM »y the Cm- , whom ihe iipohlkklr lade his iiedbythe -the Contri- lYeeri ■«* uMherto theOsen 7 Son I bat ud, beini fPfomifc* 0* The peared at the End of fixteen Months. The Pnnce of Ortmgt and the Provinces of tf #//«•/ and Z/oAm^ offered to accept Qaeen Eliiutbetb for their Sovereign, Jmia 1575 ; which (he lefufed. Three hundred People, among whom was the High Sheriff, died fuddenly at the Afiaes St Otthri^ fuppoftsd to be infefted widi the Goal fiifteinper, by the Stench of the Frifoners, Anm 1571. Captain frmnat Drai* retmned from his Voyage round the Globe* ifMM 1 580, having been twelve Days lefs than three Years per- forming it. He fet fail firom Pljmtutb widi five Ships, Ntvmbtr, 1 $, The Commons taking upon them to order a Fafl» the Queen re- primanded them for their Prefumption, Amo 1581 : Several Memben, abfcnting themfelves from the Houfeof Commons, were fined 20/. each, bvtheHoufe. Articles of Marriage were concluded about this Time, between the Qacen and the Duke of Anput Anno 1582 ; but the Fmr«i», ^inw icSf, With «i Sail of Udell of War, an4 Land-Foifces commanded by me Earl of Cmii/U^ forprlMd and pkm. dered St. Dminn in /f^jliMMd, took Ourthagiaa, and arrived at rirgimiat in fAridS* { where he took on BoanTCapuin lU^ l^uu, and a Colony that were in Oiftrefs, kaviqg been fiwt thidwr I^Sir XT^/iir Rahigb, and with them the Tobacco Plant wa^ ^bretight to Intimiid. 1 c86.] AnthtiTf SaBmgtfH and other traitors, being conviAed of conspiring to depoie and nufder Qge^n EUnahttbt Were eitccnted with Ibme barbarous Circumflances. The Qj^n of Stto was charged with wopipting and encoifraging the Con(piracy, and Commiffions were tnereupon ordered to tiy her at Ftlbningp Caftle in Nmrthamp^^fiUrt. The Queen of S^tti not acknowledging their JariOiAipn, they proceeded however to pa6 Sentence of Death npoa her as a Traitor to the Crown of BrntLmd, Another Plot being diibovercd againU Qoeen Siiu^ittb, won after ihe figned a Warrant for the Execution of that Princets, who was beheaided thereupon, Feb. 8, 1587 ; but Queen EIi$cMini Uaned her Secretary Davifia for it. declaring that w^ Warrant was to have lain dormant ; flie never defigned it fliould be exccqted, bfit upon the laft Necelfiiy. And to give a Colour to this, Dimifim was imprifiNud and fined; Admiral Dr^ka burnt and dcftroyed a bnndred Sail of SfM»ifk Shipi in the Port of CaJi*, about this Time. The EAtlofLeietJItr, the Qaeen's Favourite, havinff ill Succefsia the Nttttrtmmbt was recalled ) and Prince Mmuria of A^^, youMcr Son of the late Prince of OrtfMr was conftituted Qovenor of ne V0in4 Prntiatu by the Stateii. The Qiieen at the fame Time made Fireg^m Lord friUtnibiy, General of tKe Eiigli^ Awdliariet in the NllbtrlaHJt. 1588.] The King of Spain this Year finUhc^ his Grand Naval Armament, for the Conqueft of BHtUadi and thif ArijuMla, as it was called, failed from tf.e River lagM$ in Ptrtugal, op the a9th of May I but, being difperfed by a Storm, rendesvoorcd again at the CrfffMMi Gm/ici«t fiom whence they fet Sail again oa oe itth of ymh I and entering the EHtfiJ^ Cbtniitl on the 19th, Admiral Uim- #r4 fuHcrcd them to pafs by him* following them dole until the a I ft, when a Rattle begun i m9A a Kind of running Fight continued to the 37th, when the SptHiardi came to Anchor in Qiftis Road, in order to wait for the Duke .f Fmrm* and his Tranfportt, with t)ie l^uid Forces from FlamJen. The Engli^ Admiral, lading he fould make bu| Jittle (mpreffion on the Arnadat (he GaUcoai being i n G t jt w n ar. and ivni at erbySir tviAffdof ite4with oqraging ^o tryhec Sfttt not T to p>& £oB after th blamed fas to bava It upon tha imprUbacd ■»{/<» Sbife SuccaTita y, yovnftcr 367 mscr ItlM of uMBBatla in tha lb mcb Ibptiior 16 km ta l«|k, fent in«%htor ten Ffre-liipa aamf ibMBin thcNigbC'dlM, whkbjNltbo^SMalflrMft in the otmoflGmi. loiM. Tkejr cot tboif QAIaiiniBl^diaWr. and pat to Aa j and n« dfWoaHog to i«||mc» dw Roadaavoaa betwetn CUait and GrawinM^ iikitMifi tMi^Am, and lookfmraloriheirShipai wh«»^ tfjMO war all bore iway for Sctltaidaui Mmd, 1591.] Capuia Lamttjttr and Captain JC/iMr faflcd to tbo jffi^. JMa iil>out thM Time, in order to bcttjn a Trade there. I^mtr was ^$St avmy, bot Ltrntm^^ ittomed richly laden, with only feven Handa onQoard. The <>>ecB ereAed an ndvcrflty at DiAlin trait ^bieh (he *n- doured wltfi a confiderable Kennae, and the tifuai Privilcfet gramel to Univcrfi(ies. ifoi.] The Lord Admiral HowmritaA iheEarloff^ took the City of Cadix aid plundered it, and deflroyed the Snips in the Harbonr : the Damage die Sptuim-dt foftained being compated at twenty Mil Nona of Oucats. Sif f^MMu itik^i in the Year 1 coS, rebailt and famiihed the pdb- llck Library at Oxford, with a vaft Cc}!e£lion of Books and Man»- ftripttfroni all Parts of the World. i<9t.] The I^rd Gtorgt Clifford, Earl of Cumhtrland, fitted tmtl^ fleet of Men of War. and made himfelf Mafterof the Ifland of /*•*«»- Rict in the Year 1 598 ; but was forced to quit it again on Aooottnt of the Sicknefs of his Men. i6eo.] The EngUJh Eajl-hdia Commmy was ercAed this Year« and thev eftr High Treafoo, NtvUmhr 4, i6o3» and condenued the lydh bat reprieved. The Treafop dinrwere ttiadpaUv duuiged with, wu the conrpiriiw to iet the Lti^ JrateUmStMrt, the Kii^a Confia- German, aponUie Throne* witaidngA»Spmiurd$tatSA thent ; for which Gmgt CMm^ inrith Wiliiau fTat/M and IFcOrM CAifiy Prtelb,'who were tried with them, were executed, and Sir If^n/ftr remaiiied twelve Yean a l^rifoner in the Tcwtr. 1603.] A new Tranflation of the Bible was ordered to be made, being the die fame that is in U(e at this Day. AProdamation for enforcing the ACt of Uniformity ilTued { where- upon diere were but 49 out of 10,000 Miniftfers of Parilhe^, that re- Infed to conform, and were deprived. 1604.] Tonnage and Poundage \vere jgranted to the Kiag for Xifo, as thcnr had been to his Predeceflbrs, fnigi Heury VII. to (^eea MMtuihth, tor Defence of the Realm, and the Guard of the Seas. Airv. 5. 1605.] The Ptnudtr Plot for blowing up the King and Pariianefit being dircovered,the Oath of Allegiance was fiiftnquired and admlniflcred. 1 606.] The Confoirators in the fmiioiir Pht were con^nded, and Umt of them executed at the Weft End of St. PauPi. More of them weae executed in the old P'«/sr#>}Vy, Wtftmnfttr. An AA pafled at this Time, impowering the Crown to levy twenty Pounds a Month on P'Pifi^ Recufants, abfenting themfclves fima Chufch, or to feize two Thirds of their Lands, and declared it to be a Premmnre to refufe the Oath of Alle^ance. The Aft for levying Twelve pence a Simday,on every one that did not come to Church, was revived. An A& pafTed impowering the Lord-Mayor and Aldermen of Im> dm to cut the Channel of the Airw Rivtr. Sixty-eiffht thoufand five hundred and ninety .fix Perfonc died ia ZMif«of the Plague, the two preceding Years. An Ad paffed in the fourth Year of wis Reign, reptoling all holUe Laws made againft the Seoo ; and in Calvin'^ Cafe, Toon after it wa* refolved that iViSeatcbpitHt born after the Acceffion of King Jmvi 'o this Crown, fhould enjoy all the Privileges ^Denizens. 1608. Twenty Engli/b Pirates were executed about thisTimci who had turned Mahcmttanst and lived in great Splendor at 7iM»in Barbmry. 1609.] A Proclamation was publifhed againft ereAing Build' ings on new FoundMiimt, wichia two Milest>f the City ; and ano- ther prohibiting Foreign Nations to fifli upon the Coafts of GrM- BritMtm, 161 1.] Baronets were firft created by King Jmim I. in Mtjf 161 1, in the ninth Year of his his Reign. 1614.] TheOecond Parliament of this Rdgn falling upon their Grievances, was. the King's Profufenefi to the Stttt, ana the In^ creaTe of the Popi/6 Recufants, they were diflblved wiAout pafling one Ad. Afcer which the King committed fevoral of the Menben of ^ 'f G L ^ N D ^the CMnmons. for tli« v»m^ * '^ 0*4.0 in Sf^, „„ .L^Jd "^X- "•« Bjke of *.*X,; 2JO ENGLAND. poflefled them of the Spice- liLuidi, whidltheO«#ri have kept «v# nnce. Id tl|f laft Year of the Xiog^tRefgn, « Mtteh WM ptoPoM aid coododcd bctweea Prince GMti uA the ffmcdk timnttm «f Jraarr, I>aaghter o£ Hmy IV. bo( not colfaMU* twtilKhig Jsam^t Death. i6tc.] Count Mwj/titfwia made General of aa Aany of la/xxi Mm, tat the Kccoverv of the FaUaiuaU ; hot the Troopa hemg em- barked, were denied a Paflage through Frantt \ andmoft of them perilbed on Board. King Jamti died at TbtthmWtt in the 59th Year of his Age, ao4 Ae 2 2d of his Reign. Hia Wife was Ame the Danehter ef FnJerki II. King of Dni' mark. His furviving Ifliie were Prince Cbarltit who fwcciedcd him, and the PrinceTs Elizabeib^ married to the Prince Palmtini of tha lihuu, oTaally ftiied King of Bohemia, who left Ifliie the Princefs ft. fiim, from whom the pr^nt Royal Family are defcended. Mard 27, 1625.} Umrlet I. the only furviving Son ^f King ymmti I. by the Ladr^Anv, Daughter of Fnderiekli. King of Dmt mark, fucceeded to tie Crown of Engltmd. on the Demife m hi* fa- ther. i'he Queen tended at Z>«wrr in Jmu fbOowhig, whereihe was met / his Majefty, and conduAed the fame Day to Cantirluity, wheae tbi Marriage was conftimmated that Night. Thefirft Parliament of this R^n mettmg on the 1 9th of 7^4 162;, and having made no Provilion for the Civil Lift* the Spamjb War, or the Guani of the Seaa, the Kin^fbandhimfclfundcraNe- ccffity of ordering the OlScers to continue to colleA the afoal Duties ofTonnagp and Poundage* fe^ed on his Predecetfors, by hisowfi iAmhority . This Parliament was diflblved the 1 ath ofjfyni/ 1625. Sir Eiki/arJ Cfie, who had been Lord Chief Juftice tAEnfjkiid, wai compelled to ferve as High Sheriff; and other Gentkmen were aom* pelled to reeeive the Order <^ Knighthood. The Earl of Briftol and Biihop WiEiams of Untoln not being fum* Jioned to Parliament* theLords petitioned hit Mjyefty that they oaigbt each of them have a writ of Summom* which was granted. The Barl of JbmiM being itommitted to the Imutr by his Ma* jefty, during the SdRon of Parliament; without Ctufe (hewn, the Lords addrraed the King to difcharge him, (looking apon it as an larafion of their Privileges) with which Addrefihis Majefty com^ plied. i6i6.] The ComnM|n< rtmonllrating ag^nft the Duke of Butk- httbntifi continuing in the Adminiftration, and agsinft the Kingli taking Tonnase and Poandage, the Parliament was diffohred withotC paffingoaeAn. / The King dlfiaifTed the Queen^s Trtnth Senragtji about the faam Time, which occafipfied a War with Franct. Some Gentlemeh were committed for refiifiiK to pity the Mo* Bsgr le^uired of them hy way of Loan for the Sag's Setvice ; and fonie him liHU. Tl Klaa laadea Mate fomet aaylhj 16a; Right Tax ml Mas mi night lu Cenunifl King an . '62$.] Bothli titioa 6T .Thed ceiviog T. Sabjea (J ^TKDoI mt ibra Mntented ^Mr, dm Koto Bail. 7«*« Ftln Murder of t ThePariia yn«*ancei, I J«ea»ofR *"■ «» on his •n their Gne\ J ^ Amimimn •«htbctakei J The Office Good! of Pa, «« .the Com. •asbyhiiOn ^^^ I ^ H n Hie of dbe faftrior ^"^^ _^, "** iiyi •" b, I--. OrdeT •*' *'**^^« «h« "'hat the tioien S .&* TJw 2^2 S N G L A H D, >sg&. m^ • i* Tke CommoiM dtcra^M mted cbt imm Mr. AJKr/t Goodp « Breach of die Privile^ ; aad cilkd mpoi Uie'tpMlttr to md OMr RcmoBftrance againftit, ami put th« Qgeikm i Mt he iaid.liadu«d not, tlw King having cottaaMid di -coiiiiiinr i taid ftAkwmi to leave the Chair, waa held mhf'Miilmt,-im^ fh- lM|ted a Proteft was read : That whoever wnhbIMm bR». ligion, or feck to iotradHw |!ip7 ?«ilu^ isnuettto detained, ter of dw > nntil the Brnedtot at feiuBS [r. Oi/w, oonoli «• , and wen ih declared, iiffcdbinxo n the Sw- jnt : Where- admitted o ingjttngSe. And upon M theypleade* V they were r'l Pleafoie; •refofed,aBd JpttblilhinS* lNofeflit,6r«. to make vn I/. ttrA^ rown» accorf. ins. ejf. ««* , toi.a^ iLiogwii* Ie4ac«d» bf^ ^«Mno9sisAifiasluin any Supp!y, cvea for the Support or his Hoafliatd. i6f Kj JKirDte, h^Mfh Bui 0f G«>f/fi(«vra Fleet, as they were fiihing on the Engli/h Coafts ; whereupon riie Dutib agreed to pay the King 30,000 /. for Permiffion to nlh this Year ; and agreed upon an annusil Tribute for the Future. Mr. Richard Chambers, a Citizen of London, and others, difputing ' die Legality of Ship-money, the Opinion of the Twelve Judges was danaaded ; who unanimoufly gave their Opinions under their Hands, fbat the Uvying of Sbip-money iMtt laufuL ■■0 wt -mm 274 E n G L A TTD: f A Declaration was ifltwd at Edtahrgt, Tor the Obfervatioli of I Liturgy in Stet/anJ. 1637 ] A Prodamatioti ifliied in 4^^ Am/ aboat d|e i«neTime^ to relirain the Puritant, who refufcd •» iobnii to the DHaplioe of the Church, from tranfporting thenfeiHl 19 iVirw £i»WW, and other Parts of America. And an Order <^CoBiidl waa pabliflied, prohibit* ing all Non-Confonnift Minifkri to trtnfport themfelvei without Li. cence from the Bifhops tXLmden and Canttrhury ; bat (uch Numbers of piflenters did, however, tranfport themfelves to M'w England, that thfy cad off all Subjedion to the Church of England va that Colony, and eilablinied thu Indeftndtnt St&. there, allowing no Toleration to any other Sett, and hanged fcvcral fakers. Ileiiry Burton, Batchelor of Divinity, IVilliam Prynne the difaffeft- ed Barrillcr, and Dr. BaJlwUk a Phyfician, neither of them eminent in their Prtifeltions, but violent Incendiaries, were convitled in the Star CbamhfT of compofing feveral feditious Libels, and fentenccd to be pilloried, lofe their Ears, to be fined ;ooo/. each, and to be im- prifoned for Life. They were ever afterwards looked upon as Coo' feiibrs by the Prejhyterians. John Lilburn, a Bookbinder, was convicted in the Star Ciamitr, of publifhing and dtfpernng feditious Libels, fined 90C0/. and fen- tsnced to be pilloried, and whipped from the FUtt Prifon to ^• min/ier-Hsll. He was imprifoned for three Years, and, upon thel^ini of the Times, he was rcleafed, and became an Oflicer of Note in Cremweirs Army ; but oppofing Croimwtll afterwards, he was thrcwn into Pnfon by him, and died ai^«{#r. A Book of Common Prayer Deinff prepared for the Church of Scotland, was appointed to be read hy the Bifhop of Edinburgh, is his Surplis, at St. Gilts i : He was interrupted, and had a Stool thrown at his Head ; and it was with fome DiHiculty that the Ma- giftratcs of Edinturgb difperfed the Mob ; after which the Service wai read through in that and the rcil of the Churches of Edinhurgh : Bat tlie Bidiop of Ediuburgb was m Danger of being murdered in his Re- turn to his Houfe. The Scots immediately after threw ofF their Allegiance, and entered into a Covenant or Afluci.ntion againil the Government, to which ihr; compelled all People to fubfcribe. Archbiihop Spot/xuoodt and feveral other Scotch Bifhops, thereupon fled into England. The Cafe of Ship-money, between the Kins and Mr. Hampden, f/a argued before all the Judges of England in ine E^cbepier Lhtmhtt ; and Mr. liamfdtn being call, he was adjudged to pay Twenty Shit- linj's U ing the- Sum he was charged with, towards fitting out a Fleet for tlic Guard of the Seas. K'jS.j The Bidjops were cited by the Prefhytcry of Edininrih to dppc.tr ;;:> Criminnls at the next General AHcmbly to be held at GkJ' g$iv ti".e ziU of Nci eniher. I lie General Al!l-mbly, afti/ig in a moll feditious and riotous MM' nor. and rcjei^\ing the king's Authofity, were dilFolvcd bv the Kiag'* Coii.iiuuuiKr. The/ couunacd to lit howsvcr, declaring, thrf >^«u>l Wou fttti Chri. Tl tneii their < Thi whom MaftcT zines •Bondaj addrc/K ^ii ?TOl Army oi of the A , Thci betters /] The St dience ar with then agreed, tl J''k. and Oolivion f That thi oiicharge fbould rel and Golds That th( ^tion to bJ TheKiiJ ^'owes, noJ Thegcnd h High C '■'ithcXaji , The Parlil 'he third £(}/ '•ififtcd on fj ''"fJ and bl rotation of tl JeMalecdnJ ';''/*''. Ml , , ^''« King r \l''i an Unci •"'^de hi, CI r^ commitJ r' ''foteaionj # ,jf • Time* pltoe of idothet jrohiWft* kout Li- imbersof «»(/, that t Colony, •ration id . difaffeft- ji eminent ted in the mtcnced to \ to be im- on as Coo' ar Gjamhtr, , /. and fcn- on to IViJ- )on thel^ira of Note in was thrown Church of Idinburgh, in had a Stool that the Ma- le Service «>» \inhurgb : Jot IredinhttM- I tnd enttttd Ito which »hr7 L, and fcvenl HampJtn,^ Ler Chaxnwr ; ■Twenty Sti^ Ingouiatie* If £''»*•"'< V?' V held at W- Id riotoui W»«; bv the K»aR» ieclaring. th'' E N G LA N D. 975 Would not defert the Work of the Lord, and that to interrupt their fitting, was to contramand and prejudge the Prerogative of yt/u Cbrit, ted the Liberties of the Kirk. TTiey condeoioed £pifcoiNk^ as Antitt/rifism. and deprived and tasommdnicated die Btmopi «M Mifaifters that diftred from them, by their own Author!^. Then they refolved upoii a War»^tiid ratted %n Army ntider tijitfi whom they fent for from the Otrrnhn Wart. Thfey ihade themlelvei MtftcTs of EJinlurgb, and feized die J?<'^«/ra, and the Kins*! Magt* zines of Arms, i2fc. telling the People they were to expeA ^peiry aM Bondage, if they did not now qtiit themfelves like Men. And they addref^d themfelves tb the Frtnct King as theiir Soviereign, defiring his Proteftiori, 1639.1 The King thereupoh marched towards the Sc0ts with ait Amy ofdooo Horfe, and as ihany Fot>t, attended by great Numbers of the Nobility and Gentry. The King's Generals, the Earls of Aruinlti and Boiland, received letters from the Scoh^ and gave them Encouragement to advance. The ^re// preferred a Petition to the King, Hill profefling all Obe- dience and SubmiiTioh ; whereupon the King conTented to a Treaty with them, and a Pacification was concluded at Duns ; whereby it wai amed, that all Matters Eodefiaftical (hould be determined by the Kirk, and Civil Affairs by the Parliament ; and that a general AA ot Oblivion Ihotald be pafled. I'hat the Scots (hould dilban J their Army in forty-eight Hoiirs ; alid difcharge the feveral Tables or Cbuncils they had eftablifhed ; and fttould reftore the King's Caflles, Stores, (^c. as alfo the Lands and Go'^ds of the Jioyalijis they had feized. That the King lliould recall his Fleet and Armies, and caufe Refti- tution to be made of what had been taken from the Covenanters. The King having difbanded his Army, returned to Tbfhald's, ind two Days after to Whitehall, But the Scots neither difbanded their Forces, nor obferved any one Article of the late Treaty. The general AfTembly meeting afterwards, the Earl of TrmfMtir be- ing High CommilTioner, he gave the Royal AfTent to, and confirmed a!l the A£ls of the late riotous AfTembly at Gla/gow. The Parliament of Scoilmnd having excluded the Bifhof)!, vyho were the third Eftate, confirmed all the Ads of the General AfTembly, and infilled on feveral Demands to the Diminution of the King's Preroga- tive; and being prorogued, theyjprotclled againfl it, and fcnt a De- putation of their Members to the King, who were highly carefTed by the Malecdntents at tantlin, ahd incit(id to etiter into a new War with F.ng/anJ, p.iiticul.irly by the Knrlt of £Jix, Bedford^ and Holland, the lord 5.7F, Mr. Hatnfdtn, and Mr. Pjm. The King charged the Scotch Commilfioners with Trcafon, and prtf- •iuced an intercepted Letter, wherein they invited the Frtnch King to . invade his Dominions ; whereupon the Lords London and Colvillt l*«re committed to the To%uir. 1640.] The Letter from the Sre/i to the Fmth King, defiring lu] Protedion, being read in the Iloufe of Lords, and appeariitg to S a bt ty6 E N G L J N D. be written by the Lord Lttubtt it was thought fit to continue him in the Towtr. His Majefty fent a Mei&ge by Sir Omy Vnntt densindii^ a Simply of fix Subfidies, but Sir Utnrtt by Miftake, wdeJ^Medly.' demand* cd twelve Subfidies, wMch »iew tlM Konre into aTIame ; then he went to the King, and aflbitd hiai« tkit no Mone^ would be granted asainft the Zttts : which |di M^^y giving Credit to, abruptly dif. Imved the Parliament, and afterward railed an Army of ao.coo Iftoi ajgainil the Scott^ towards the Maintainingof which the Nobility ana Gentry advanced hiin 300,000 /. but theXity of Lonion refufed him the Loan of 100,000/. The Earl q\ "Nortbumbtrlani ^^i mnit General of this Army, the Earl of ^/<7^r./ Lieutenant-General, and the Lord Conway General of the Horfe. The Scotch Army entering the Englijb Borders, the King iflued a Proclamation declaring them Rebels, and (hewed, that upon rretencn of Religion, they fought to ihake off the Regal Government ; how- ever, he offered them a Pardon on their Subnuflion. The Scott ftill advancing to Neiubourn utoH Tjne, the Lord CoMtetf, who commanded the Van guard of the Kine's Army at Ntivctifik, drew but 1200 Horfe, and aooo Foot, to difpute the Paflageoftbc TjMi i but was driven from his Poft by L^J^ff, and forced to retire aod toandon UfwcaJlU^ where the Stou feized the King's Magaxinet of Arms and Ammunition, and within two Days after made uienfelva Maders of Durham. The King, who was advanced to Northallerton, upon Advice of thii Defeat, retired to Tork ; whereupon the Scott levied Contribationt in Nor/humherlanJ and the Biflioprick of DirrifraM, amounting to 850/. a Day. A General Council of the Peers was fummoned by his Majefty is this Exigency, which being aflembled at York, thev advifed him to appoint Commifiioners to treat with the Scott 1 with which his Ma- jjRy complied ; and the CommifConers met at Rifpon, and immcdi' ately agreed, that there ihould be a Ceilation of Arms, and that the Scett might remain in that Part of Eng/anJ they were poffefFed of; knd for the reli, the Treaty was adjourned to London, where the Par- liament of EnglattdmiX. (which begun the Civil War) on the 13th of 1 /ipril 1640*. The Commons chofe William Ltnthal, Efq; theit Speaker, and refolved that ico,ooo/. Ihould be raifed for fupplyingj the Scotch Army, which was borrowed of the City. And Artidn of Impeachment for High Treafon were carried up to the Lords by | Mr. Pjm, ngaind the Eail of Strajford^ who was tnereupen commit* tc'd to the Toixicr. Then the Commons voted, that the levyins Ship-money, and thai Opirions of the Judges upon it, were illegal. The judges wtrtj ilueatened, and obliged to put in great Bail. [ The Lommons alio voted 300,000 /. to be given their Brethren ofl StOtloMtl. I A Hill for Triennial Parliaments receiving the Royal Afli.»»t. tli*l Commons lhai.kcd his Majefty fox it, and laid, fitrt noiv tfma!i!i\ ENGLAND. «77 him itl Sappir ictnand- grantea ■ 20,000 Nobility n refufw fi2A made wral, and I ffi iffucdt iTretencw BAt ; how- id Convotj, ■ UfweM, (Tage of the [O retire and |»gazines o( e diemielvn Uviceofthij itribationi in ng to 850/. lisMajcftyi* ivKed him to liich his Ma- and iromeii- and that the .pofleffedofi here the ?«• , mtheijthot ,/, Efq!A« for fuppl];>«8 And Articlo the Lordi by upencommi- ^oney, andtl>i| [e Judges wert kcir Brethren ti Jya\ AfltAt.tle] mthfng to it AtUf hut to tipfy tbtir Dtvotin to kU hiiyefljt and thtir Mij EiuttKOi to make him amleriotu King. 1 641 .] A fiill of AttaiiiclOT ^dnft *he Bar] of StraffsrJ was paiK:d bjr tfecPnorofHis, and 1^ tnipeachinent dropped. The Realon of poceeding aeanft. die Earl bf (ill of Attainfer was, becaufe there was not legalEvidtnce to coavjd him of High Trcafoa before the Lords. What was principally infilled on by hif Enemiea at the Trial wu, that he hitd an Intention to alter the ConiUtution from a limited to aa abfolute Monarchy, which, they fuggedcd, w^s High Treafon ag^iiaft the Kingclom, if not againft the King. The Lords having paffed the fiiU of Attainder againft the Earl of Strtfford^ at the Inftance of the Commons, moved bis Majefty to give the Royal Afl*ent, which was done by Commi£Son ; and another Bill pafTed at the fame Time, for perpetuating the Parlia- ment ; by which the King figned his own Ruin. It is faid to have been done at the Queen's Importunity, to lave herfelf and Family ; but however that was, the Earl of Strafford was beheaded on TViv^- Hill, May M, 1641. Bills were paiTed afterwards for taking awa^ the Staribamber^ and High Commiilion-Court } and for a Paciii- cition between the Kingdoms of Englmud and St0/land: To effefl which, all the Scetj Demands were gained ; and it is comouted their Coming into EMgUnd, and Stay nere, cod this Nation eleven hundred thoufand Pounds, bciides the Damages they did to private Men. The King having made the Earl of Effex Lieu'enant General of Vs Armies South of Trtnt^ iigned a (Jommifllon fur paitiug AAs in his Abfence, and the fame D.iy fet out for Scotland, The Pafijlt railed a Rebellion in Ireland about this Time, and maflacred a great Number of Prrtej]nnts : Whereupon en Aft was made for the Rcdu^ion of the RebcU in Irtlnnd i wherein it is de- clared, that the Kin^ could, in no Cufc but a Foreign Invafton, prcfs a free-bom SubjeA into his Service. Twelve of the BiCiops, proteiling againft all A As of the Parlia- ment fince they were with- held by Force from their Seats, were com- mitted to the ^o'utr for High Treafon. The King, while he was in Scotlund, having difcovered more fully the treafonaole Correfpondcnce between the Scots and fomc Members of Parliament, ordered the Lord Kimhelton to be apprehended, toge- ther with Mr. Pym, Mr. Hamp oemics. And Earl of U"*- oted, that an fon, and p<»- ■• the Ear' ot )r the levying. , 100,000^"' levying t'*""* WtheMi»>'" f. !.)»»»« ^" ,W not dcck-re Againft the King, were plimdefCd «ad imprifoiMd, where the PerUs- uient prevailed ; and fome of them were kept Dtuler Hatchet o» Bocfd th« Shipt in the Jhtmui - l%e two Univerfitiea* aboiit \dUt Timei nade the King a Prefient t£ their Plate : b«t tbtf Camkri^gi plate was intetc^ed by CrtmwtU, and applied to the Vfe of hb Kacmifn. On Sunday the z^d ofOStitr, about Two ip tbft Afternoon, wa» fought the Battle of EdgtbiU near KtpUtm in fTarm^ekJbirt, where the King's Horfe beat the Enemies Cavalry out of the Fidd 1 bat, par^ foing t^m too far from the Field of Battle, left the King's InfiM^jr expofed to the Enemy's Foot, who were more nameroui : However. they maintainiod their Ground till Night parted them, when both Parties drew off. Some few Days after this Battle, the Queen landed at Bur/itigteM Bay in Terijbirt, and brought with her Money, Arms, and Ammunition, for the Kine's Forces. In the mean Time the two Houfes pafTed an Ordinance for aWeekly Affeflment, or Tax, throufrh the Kingdom, amounting to 34,808 /. ftr Week, for the maintaining of their Troops. Mayz^, 164.3.] Mr. Pym, from the Commons, impeached the Qaeen of High Treafon, tor affifting the King her Hufband with Arms and Ammunition. About the fame Time, the AfTembly of Divines met in the Jeru- ft/em Chamber, confifting chiefly of about 1 1 8 Puritan Preachers, and x6 Laymen, who had 4 /. a Day allowed them for their Ser- vice. JnfyS-] Mr.Temkint and Mr. Cbaluur^ who were engaged with Mr. iValltr, and feveral other Gentlemen and Citizens of Figure, in a Defign to reftore King Cbarki I. were executed as Traytors ; and Mr. Waller was condemned to die, but reprieved, on paying a Fine of Ten Thoufand Pounds. The Parliament ftill beine appreheniive that thev fhould not long be in a Condition to oppofe the Royali/is, fent Sir William Armynt and $\t Htnry Fan*, jun. to invite the ^ro/i to come to their Afiiftance. And (jfiig. 28.) the Sects having agreed to invade Englandt .nnd alHft their Brethren at Wefiminfttr^ the two Houfes confented to take the folemn League and Covenant. And having made a new Great Seal, declared that all Letters Patents and GranU, paflfed the Great Seal by the King after Afajp 2a, 1642, (hould be void ; and that hencefor- ward their own Great Seal ihould be of the fame Authority ax any Great Seal in England had formerly been ; and committed the Cul- tody of it to the Earls of Belingbreke and Ktnt, and to Mr. Si. Johwt Serjeant H'ildt Mr. Brcivn, and Mr. Frideaux. About the (awe Time died Mr. John Pym of the Mtrliut PtJunUfuSt or the Loufy ])if. cafe { who, from his great Popularity and Influence, was ufually ftiKd King Pym. Ine Sec//, confifting of 18,000 Foot, aooo liorfe, and above coo Dragoons, pafled the Jiutcd at / erwicit and entered England ia ^half 0? the Parliament. On the other Hand, the loyal Members of Parliament, beirt; fura- «jf ... t,.'>».>-**S * ■,c--^ 180 ENGLAND. moned hj the King to appear at OttfkMtt aflenbted that to die Nan- bcr of 44 Lords, and 1 18 Commoncri. jlprit 20, 1 644.] Tke Sf$tc6Army jofauag the Et^li/l^ «id«r Ge. tieral Pair/ax, frlnce /r»/«r/ engaged their anited Fmces at Mmrfimi. MeUTt and was d^eatcd there, id,ooo of the Ropdijti being killed* or made Priibnera { and thdi' ^Inlllcry, Ams, Ammunition, iSt. tnken by the £aetny. Stpt. 2. 1 On the other'Hand, the Parliament Army in tl{e Weft wa« almoA mined at this Time ; Effix\ Foot, under the Command of Skippon, were furroanded by the King's Forces, and compelled to lay down their Arms, and deliver up their Cannon and Ammunition: but were permitted, however, to march away into the Pariiament's Qiarters. Nov. 16.] In tlie mean Time the Proceedings againft Archbiflrap L^ui/ were revived, and the Lords being of Opinion, that the Arch- biiliop was not guilty of High Treaibn, the Commons ordered his Grai e to be brought before them ; and, without hearing any Evi- dene* hnf what thetr Council repeated, pafled an Ordinance to attaint him of High Treaf )n. No-v. 26. J The DireAory being eftablilhed about rhis Time inflead of the Common-Prayer, the Creed, Lord's Prayer, and Ten Com- Qnandmants, were voted ufelefs ; and an Ordinance pafled for turning Chrijlmas-tiay into a Faft. Sir John Hotham and his Son, being about to com* over to the Kingt were apprehended by the Parliament, and beheaded on 7o«wr. till, by virtue of a Sentence of the Court- Martial. And the Lords, being teirified and threatened by the Commons, paflbd the Ordinance for attainting Archbifhop £>}»rptr'reU«4 to Liumowtion; Pwtiaroent'i ft Aichbiftop at the Arch- ordered his ing »«y £y«- ince to attaint sTimeinftead ndTen Coin- l^d for torning le over to the ided on Itwtr- the Comwons, of HighTrea- the Archbiftiop iced the Kinjs'i he room of the Claufe, fot*« t of Sk nmt> he Self denying ife to have any iuht»tr, ^^//''> ere Members of II , and f «' >/« near M'h '" ?oot were cut to i Baggage/."* retired to w//»- of the old Mai. ■Letters, taken at (made themlelves Kingfentfeveral \,y^erercjei]jj^ Aod they voted againft anjr perfiMsi Treaty with the King, on hit otfering to come to their Army ; and aflbred his Majefty, that hv night remain there with all Security, and chat his Coaicience ihould not be forced. JprH 27, 1646,] In the miaBTiiiie, the Scots having, by Mon< fieur Montrevilt the Frtncb Agent, giv«n the King the fame Invitation, his Majeily left Oxftrd in Difgnife, taking with him only Dr. Mi pitulation agreed on. It was jlipulated in this Treaty, that the Col* leges and public Buildings in Oxftrd (hould not be demolifhed or de- ^ed, or their Revenues fequeftered. The Marqtiis of Montroft, who commanded the Roynlifis in Sntletut, and had met w ith great Succefs, was commanded alfo to difband his Forces, whereupon he went beyond Sea. yax. 30.] 7'he Stoti, notwithftanding their promifing the King ProtedUon, in Confideration of 400,000 /. of their Arrears paid than, delivered up the King to the Emgli/b. The Marquis of Jrg^le received 30,000 /. for his Share; and 1 5,000 /. more were diibibuted among his Friends. Several Miniftert of the Kirk received large Sums i and Duke Hamiitou had 30,000 /. for his Share. 1 here were many honeft Scott, however, afliamed of this Bargain^ and laid their Nation would be difgraced and infamous to the End of the W rid, if they yielded to this Compait : That by their Oadi of Alk'giance, and even by their Covenant, they had fworn Co protedt and defend him : That the King had fled to them for refuge, and if it was againft the Law and Practice of all Nations, to deliver up the nieanell Perfon who came for Shelter ; how would the World condema them, for giving up their Sovereign into the Hands of his mortal Ene- mies, and this by an Ad of their Parliament or State ? The King being brought to //o/m^-Houfein Northampiom^irt, nei- ther his Siirvants nor Chaplains were permitted to attend him : Where- upon he refufed to let Mr. Maf-ybal/ and Caryl/, who were affigMNl by the Prijiyterians for his Chaplains, fo much as to fay Grace for hitn. fu'n 4, 1647.] ^^^ ^^^ ^'"E ^^ "°^ ^^^" '°"S *^ Holmbf, be«- iorc Crof/rwr/I fent Cornet Joyce, with a Detachment of the Army, to bring the King from Ho/mbf -Hoafe to the Camp. And,(ht King was thereupon brought to Ntivmarkitt where he was permitted his Recreations, and the Gentry reforted to him, with his Chaplains and Servants ; CromwtU making great Profefioni of hit Loyalty and Rea- iiaiA to fervc his MajcAy. About 2S2 ENGLAND. About the fame Time the Army pefbred a Reprefentation (or purging the Parliament of all ohnoxions Members, declaring, they would put a Period to their Sitting, &<>. The Army proceeded to impeach H^Utt, Wmlhrt and nine m6rt of theleadine Members of the Commons j and infift.r« ad been taught, that the natural Rights of the meantft Men wc^t equal to thole of the greateft ; and tAac Governors wt re no lonr^cr |D be obeyed, than t)iey Audied the general Good of every Inu .i- dual, of which themfelves (the People) were Judges. And. in 1 ur- fuance ofthele Notions, they entered into Confederacies ana^AArcj- ations. and made Ftopofitions to the Parliament* as well as to c.ior own Generals, to iiirroduce an Equ.ility among all People, and iro.T. Jience obtained the Name of LtveJ/ers i which, when they faw op- poled by their Officers, they appointed a general RenJeavou* at liou'JIotu-Htathf in order to put on End to all Diftindions among Mfin ; of which Crom-weU receiving Advice, he appeared uuexpe<'^ edly on Ihuvjlonu Htmtb, when they were ail'embled there, at t!)« He.;d of C^me Troops he could rely on ; and having demarded thw Beafon of their aflembling there in furh Numbers, without his O- d!;-ti- and receiving fome infolent Anfwers from them, he knocked down two or three of the fowardeft, and charged them w'wa h'S Troops ; and having wounded fome, and made others Prifoners, he iiaDgcd up as maivy of them as he thought fit upon the i>p<*r, ai.r of the Council of Officers ; and the Army marched up to Lcnn'on, a^d quartered about Wkitthall and St. Jamdi. The Commons theveupon declared, that the ieizing the King's ferfon, and carrying him Prifoner to Hurji Caftle, was without ue Advice or Confent of the Houfe. They rcfolved alfo. That his Majefty's Conceflions to the Propofi- tions made him in the ^/ c/"W^/^/^/, were fufficient Grounds for the Houfes to proceed upon for the Settlement of the Kingdom. Colotvel Pride was thereupon fent by the Army with a ftrong De- tachment io IVeftminJitrt where he feized and impriibned 41 of the ^embers as they were going to the Houfe, and flopped above 160 xnpre ixotci going in ; fo that there were not now more than 1 50 that were permitted to fit, and thefe were moft of them Officers of the Army. A Detachment of the Army alfo marched into the City, and feized the public Treafures that were lodged at GoJd/'mitif's Hall, and other Halls ; and the Voteof Non-AddrefTes to the King was now revived. Dte. 23.] The jKing about the fame Time was brought by I Colonel Uarri/on ftpm Hurft.C«jUi to Winchtjltrt and fo to ff'indj«ri\ thCD ^ N G L J N D. y would art ijitro- no lopr,<:r ry Inu .i- d. in 1 ur- ^i 'it, t.ieir , and ironi jy f*W Op- on» among J uuexpe^:^ ere, ai tSt mardrd d»w vnitbis • he knock-i em ^vita hi I'rifoners, i»e RtbeUion, in iiig Spirit fot the Hands of ,^y/ Ciftle, by arched up to ig the King'* as without the to the Propofi- rounds for m om- k aftrong^- )ned 4« o^ 7 pcd above w ethani50th»t Officers » " then »»s Aen a Committee of tlie Commons met to coftfidcr bow to proceed in a Way of Juftice againft the King. Attd it was ordered by the Owndl of War, that the Ceremony of the Knee (hould be omitted to tiie King, and alt Apfwantice of State left off, and thai the Chlir^s dP his Court and Attendants fhonld bfc tefletaed. A folniih Faft alfo was held at H^mhfiir, to feek the Lord, and beg his Direftion ih this Matter. Huj^b PittfSf the Proteftor's Chaplain, In a Sermon at St. Mitrgirt^ told hn Audience, he had found, upon a llri£i Scmtinv, that thero were in the Army 5000 Saints, no lets holy than thofe that now cott» vofcdin Heaven with God Almighty ; and, kneeling down, begged, in die Name of the People of England, that they would execute JulUce upon that great Barahbas at Wi^dfor. His Text was. Such Honour ba'oi all Saints. And another Paflage be cited was, Thty fijall bind thiir Kings in Cbainst &c. And infifted, that the Deliverance of the People by the Army was greater than that of the Children of I/rael, from the Houfe of Bondage in Egypt, The Members going direftly from Church to the Houfe, it was diere moved to proceed capitally againllthe King : Whereupon Crom- well faid, that as he was praying for a Blefline from God, on his undertaking to reftore the King to his priftine Majefty, his Tongue cleaved to the Roof of his Mouth, fo that he could not fpeakone Word more ; which he took for a Return of his Prayer, and that God had rejected him from being King. And to ftrengthen this Conceit of Gvmtjoelfst an infpired Virgin was brought out of tiertfardflnrt, who declared, that (he had a Revelation from God, requiring her to encourage them to ^ on with their Defign. The Prefiyteriant protefting againft the King's Tryal, Cromwell n- torted upon them, that their endeavouring to take away the King's Life by Sword and Piftol, depriving him of his Authority, and im- prifoning of him, was ftill more againft all Laws Haman and Di- vine, than the bringing the King to a legal Tryal, before the Repie- fentatives of the People, from whom all lawful Princes derived their Authority. The Commons afterwards refolved, that it was Treafon in the King to levy War againft the Parliament ; but the Lords rejected the Ordi- nance for the Tryal of the King. The Commons, however, proceeded to refolve, i^. That the Peo- ple under God, are the Original of all juft Power : zdJy, That the Commons in Parliament are invefted with the fupreme Authority of the Nation, without King or Houfe of Peers ; and from this Time lefufed to accept the Concurrence of the Lords to their Adls. January 20.J The King being brought from St. Janus''^ to Siir Mtrt Cotton's Houfe in ff^ejlminjfer, he was carried from thence be- fore the pretended High Court of Juttice in IVeJlminJltr-Hail the fame Day ; Mid refnfing to acknowledge their Jurifdidion, was reouaded to Cottm Houfe. His Majefty being brought iiefore the pretended Court a fecond Tine, objeAed totheirJuriiUlAion again. The 286 ENGLAND, The King appearing in Wtftmm$$r.HaU the third Time, (till pef< fifted in den jring the JnrMdiAion of the Court : Whereopon ^r«^«w» Prefident of the Court, ordered his Contempt to be recorded. The King being brought into Wtftminfttr-haU the fourth jQay, ^rmdjbmw made a Speech upon the dccafion ; after which the Cleric was ordered to read the Sentence: Wherein, after feveral Matters, laid to the KingV Charge, wbre Numerated, it concluded. Tor all ^alritk 7rtmftm mud Crimes, this Court iotb aJjudgi, that he the/aid Charles Stuart, at « Tyrant ^ Traitor, Murderer, mud a ptAlic Enemy, J^tl be put to Death, if fevering of hit Head from hit Botfy. The Warrant for the King's Execution was figned bv 59 of hi* fretended Judges ; in which it was ordered, that he fliould be put to >eath on tlic 30th of January, About ten that Morning he walke4 from St. James'i to ff'hitehal/, under a Guard, where, being allowed Jbme Time for his Devotions, he was afterwards led by Col. Hacker through the Banquetting-houfe to the Scaffold that was erefled in the open Street before it, where, having made a Speech, he faid in the ConclufiOD, I go from a Temporal to an Eternal Crown ; and then fab^ mitted to the Block : His Head was fevered from his Body at one Blow, about two in the Afternoon, being then in the 49th Year of his Age, and the Z4th of his Reip^. He was married in the Year 1625, to the Princefs Henrietta Maria; youngeft Daughter of //imry IV. TSAngoi France, firnamedthe Great, and had IQue by this Princefs ; I . CtarUs, who died the fame Day he was born. \ 2. Gtarles, who fucceeded his Father by the Name of Charles ll. 3. Jamit, who fucceeded his Brother Charles by the Name of James II. 4. Henry, who died foon after the Relloration of his Brother CharUt 5. The Princefs Mary, married to William of Nciffaa, Prince of Orange, by whom ftie had Ifl'ue iVilliam oiNaf/au, Prince of Orangt; zhetwzrds K'xngof England. 6. The Pi incefs Elizabeth, who died a Prifoner at Cariflrook Caftic in the ffle of Wight, on the 8th of Stptember 1650, in the 15th Year of her Age. 7. The PriAcefs Jnne, who died about three Years of Age, And, 8. The Princefs Henrietta Maria, born at Exeter the i ^th ofjuni, 1644 i *^^ married to Philip puke of jtnjcu, afterwards Duke of Or* ieans, by whom (he had liTue Jnna Maria, married to Fi^or Amadaui, late Duke of Savoy, and Kingof 5ar5. ''^^J' ^«n. Woman and Child of theCiS." June 23, ,5-0 1 rj,, ^ '^mzcM ^he X,ng being crowneJ ,f c • ft88 E Hf G L Ji M 1>. of which he was prpcUimed Kin^ of Grtm-Brt/mui but cliga|^g Crmwh** Fbrdn tStft.i.) at ^$rc^ert !>>« Anav was rottlcd. |000 of them \SXitA, iiid6 or 7000 uken PriiK>iia«» ivita aXLJthat CannoOf Ammaaitiapi and &^>8^ ^^ ^^H *^>*8 ont «£ (he Batde int* StmforJj/tiri, the Penimts (five Br^h«-s} concealed him in ihcNigbb dme in tfacijc Banii, and in ^ ^y-'^ak la tiie'Woodi, till he had ■n OMOitfcnit/' Icdged the fupreme Authorttv or the Nation 1 but that they fliooU fit no Inn^ tlian the 3d of Nrvmhr 1654 ; and three Mondis befbra their Dlfloiotion, Ihould make Choice of odiers to fiicoeed them, whs who were not to fit above a Year. He sflhred them, he had rot made Choice of one Perfon in whoa he had not this good Hope, that Le had Faith in ye/^t CtriJIf iM Love to aH Saints. The Engfi/^ Fleet, commanded by Menk and B/ah, about t)M\ Time, fought the Dutthf conimanilcd by yan Tmm/t upon their own Co:ifh, and obtained n great Vid\orv, dellroying 30 of tiit| Ptub Mm of War, and Fan fmrnf bimiclf was ktlkd in the Ea gagcin«ii| fight than I Ar Arfiaj wealtb, Iord.( Crcmw coadnw Goud, many of '^enuaeat «• Title a Mand,. "dootbe '^''ownc 7^ th lod fiorottc ■*Aoftbe chafe but c •winded, t «««»«ofthe «*e«piec». I ^^^^: '^' If the , J* «>nftint «»J/o 000 r .i»»fceinte, ^^^erofoi I ""^ of k, IcS* ««" * '•* '*fir Sons J ^ N O t ^ N D, 290 E n G L A N m univerf&lly comptied with : And on the 3d of Sfpttmher, being SiaH; day, the Parliament of the three Kingdoms, modeled aocordiiw to the late Ad of Government, met ; but, in the Beginning of their Seffion, great Debates arofe in the Houfe, as to the L^ality of the prefent Convention, and the above-mentioned A A of GoverMnent : Wliereupon the ProteAor came to the Painted Chamber^ and fent for the Members, and feverely reprimanded their Infolence ; after which he placed a Guard at the Door of the Houfe, and vraald fuller none to enter, who would not fubfcribe to a Recognition, that he would be l^ue and faithi'ul to the Lord ProteAor, afid that he would not pro- pofe or give Confent to alter the Government, as it was fettled in one Angle Perfon and a Parliament. And 1 30 of the Members iigned it (he firft Day, afid more of the Members afterwards, to the Number •f 500 in all. Jan. 22.] The Parliament not anfwering the Proteflor's BxpefU- tions, and particularly in confirming his Authority of levying Taxes upon the SubjeA withoot their Confent, he thought fit to diflblve Riero« ' jSffrtl 13, 1655.} Admiral Pmw and VtnehUs, being ftnt to attack JBt. Damikga in Mi^nftfa, met with a Repulfe there, and loft a great tnany Men : Whereupon they ftt Sail for the Ifland oi Jamaica^ which tliey took from the Spaniardj, and the Eng/i/i have remained in Pof< ftflion of it ever fiwce. Offoi. I .] And now the ProtcAor proceeded to divide the King* 4om of SnglanJ into eleven DillriAs, and in every DiftriA placed an Officer, called a Major-General, who had not only an abfolote Com< Inand over tht Forces in his Divifion, but a very great Power in Civil Citofes. ' Oa»f>.t\.^ Articles of Peace between jrirr/a»(/ and Fr«ff/y wert K claimed on the aSth of Ke'vimitr. By this Treaty it was agreed, M Cromwill fiiotild fend 6000 Men to the AiTiftance of the frmh in the tfethtriuMh againd the '^famardt x that Dunkirk and Marifit Jhould be invefted by their united Forces, and, when taken, put into the Htnds of the ^vf^ 1 and that neither King Clkrr/«. Soon after which the Regicidea were brought to their Trials at the OU- Bmikyt of whoM twenty-nine were tried and conviAed, but only KB were executed. And an Order of both Houfes was made for hangiaf the Carcaics of OUwr Crcmwe/i, J9hn Brmtdtanu, Htnry trttrnt UM 7'^mei Pridit upon the GaUowa at Tyhm, and afterwards bwyiog them under the Gallows. Dt<, 29. J The Convention Parliament paflcd feveral AAs for is* treafing the King's Revenue i and amongft them, an Aft for eftablift* ing a Poll-Office, (sTr. The Revenue fetded upon the Crown at ihif| T m.e W.18 twdve hundred thoofand Pounds per j/mum, which was » defray tha Charge of the Navy, Guards, and Garrifons, and the whole Rxpenres of the Government ; for which Purpofes Cr$mKtit had levied aiiuUitlly three Times that Sam by hit own Authority. I tie TA lm\ Km A eda and Jjtini, fork M; them approi £pii ofhoti humt i cooinio (he f M May infanta t/ienabo jatheiT* Croifadoe t*r AtmuA . Sir//,, 'fihof^ fcnnlty ^ awnti. ">ou6nd| * Accoui P*ir the F< •8«wftthe The Cc Cafloms.fi •W not all The/ wK'^" Til •«fc their ■^ W'hatfi ENGLAND, 293 An Arts iand Sdeneet Ixgan to revive and floarifli at the Rcftora- tion, aad the Engli/bTonfftt ivm cxccedin|^ hnprored and refined. The Royal Society wai foonded by the King* Letter* Patent, for tlo Improvement of Philofophy, Madiematitis, Phyiic, and ail uicful Knowledge. An InfarreAwn of the Fifth* Monarchy Men in the City happen- ed at thi* Time, of which VttFut^ a Wine-Cooper, was the Leader, and did fome Mifchief, but was fooa fupprefled ; and Vtmur^ Hoig- femt^ and two or three more of the King-leaders, were execated for it. May 8, 1 661 .] The King meeting his firft Parliament, acquainted them with his Intention to marry the Infanta of Ftrtugtiit which was apwovcd of by both Houfes. Epifcopacy was at this Time reftored in ScuLmJ, and, by an Order of both Houfes of Parliament, the folemn League and Covenant was burnt in London and Wiftminfttr the txd Inftant, b^ die Hands of the common Hangman { and the Bilhops took theu Places again in the EngHJh^ Honfe of Lords. May 21, 1662.] The MarriaM between King CharU$ and the Infanta of Ptrtmgal was folemnized by Dr. Gihtirt SheidtHf Bifhop of Undnif at Portfmutbt whither his M^efty went to meet her. She wu then about twenty four Years of Aee. Beiides Tangier on the Coaft of Bmriaiy, and the Ifland ofBtmbay is the EaJI'lndies, the King received with the Queen two Millions of Croifadoes ; in Coqfideration whereof, ihe had ajointure of 30,000 /. fir Ammm fettled upon her. Sir Henry yane, having been conviAed of Hieh Treafon, in keep- iag King Cluulft II. out of the Poffeffion of ue Government, and Irrying War againft his Mi^efty, was beheaded on Tonver-hiil the 14th of June. And, on «St. BartMmmu^t Day, the Aft of Uni- feraiUy uking Place, 2000 Diflentkig Minifters loft their Prefer- nenti. Qa. 1 7.'] About this Time the King fold Diuiirk for five .4^ jdred tbouiand Pounds ; the Council were anaoimons for ddivering it op, on Account of the great Expence it would be to the Nation to re- pair the Forti^cations, and maintain a Garrifon fuffidetit to defend it againft the Power of France. The Commons enquiring into the King*s Revenue, arifing by Cuiloms. Excife, Orown Lands, Chimney-oioney, the Pod OIHce, Firft Fraiti and Tenths, the Coinage, Alienation Office, (2fr. found they did not all raife eleven hundred thoufand Pounds per Annnm. The Dinek incroaching on our Trade at this Time, both Hoofea refoWcd, that the Duttb^ by invading the Righta of the iw^i/t in • A. for >•* ■ '*'"• AJrita^ and dfewhere, were ttoe grcatcft ObftruAion to our A £r eft«blib'|i''orei2n Trade, and addreflcd his Majeftv to take fome fpeedy and (< AMn at ^ii| after for his fiani/hmqnt. A ENGLAND, ^95 gwen ich of on Ac* }nrmarUt Orders to I alfo re- tlxe Time jts within again, and renty Dunk In iKi» i'oo inferior IS faid to b? A Treaty being concluded between Great Briimm and the Statu- Centra/, for the Piefervation of the Spanijb NetberlamJs, Snuteitii acceeded to it, from whence it obtained the Name of the Trifi$ League. fu/yq, i66g;] The New Theatre at Ox/trJ, being the Bene- faaionof ArcbbiOiop ^i6«/i9«, wa» opened. Sept. 28.] The Royal Exchange, being rebuilt, was opened. Both Houfcs prcfented his Majefty with an Addrefs of Thanks in the Banquetting-houfe, for iiTuing his Proclamation for fupprefling Con- TfBtides, and defired the Continuance of his Care In that Point : And his Majelly gave the Royal Aflcnt to a Bill, to prevent and fupprcG feditious Conventicles. A Cabinet Council was conAitutcd at this Time, conlllling of five Lords, vix. the Dukes of Buckirgbam and Laudtrdale ; the Lord Clifford^ the Earl of Arlington, and the^ Lord JJhley, afterwards Earl otSbafteJhury ; which obtained the Name of the Cabal. They were generally thought to b£ Penfioners to France, and to have advifed the King to enter into an Alliance with that Crown ; from whence they (uggefted he mirht be fiimiihed with Money without applying to the I'arliaHient, which daily incroached on his Prerogative. Mayg, 107 1.] That daring Villain B/W, and his Co: federntcs, attempting to Ileal the Crown out of the Temr, was apprehL-ndcd, but pardoned, thoueh he confelTcd he was guilty alfo of feizing the Duke of Ormon/ in hi$ Coach, with a Defi^n to hang him at TyhrK, and of feveral Attempts to murder his Majefty. He had alfo a Re- venue of 500 /. per Annum, fetded on him by the King, and appeared to have a good Intereft at Court afterwards. The King, Saving (hut up the Exchequer by the Advice of the Cabal, publilhed a Declaration, with his Reafons for fufpcnding Pay- ment till the lad Day oi December. And, about the fame Time, 9, Declaration; of Indulgence was publilhed, for fufpending the Penat Laws aeainft Difl'enters. AfriT, 1672.] The Dutch behaving with a great deal of Infolenct both to EngUttid and France, a Declaration of War was publilhed againft the States-General. And 6000 of the Briti^ Troops joined the Trench Army, being commanded by the Duke oi Monmouth, who alTiiled in taking fevsral Towns from the Dutch, and was before Vtrecht when that City furrender'd to the French King ; but the Eng'ijh made the greatcfi Efforts by Sea, where the Dutch were defeated, and purfued by the Duke of fork to their own Coafts ; but the brave Earl of Sandwich, Admiral of the Blue, had the Misfortune to lie blown up. and periflied with mod of the Ship's Company. In the mean Time, the French poflefled themfeWes o§ the Provinces of Utrecht, CddirlftnJ, aod Owryjel. July, 1672.] The Dutch found themfdves under the NecefTity of advancing the Prince of Oreuigt to the Office of Stadtholdcr and Captain General , in which being oppofcd by the Penfioner D* ffl't, . who had lone governed the AH'airs of th« United Provinces, with kis Brother Ruart fau Futtiu, they were both torn U ricce& by th« I Mob. 2^6 E N G L A N D. Jifg»/i6, 167s.] AProdamatioii watiAiedt'boat^i'n^ttfyibr inaking bit^Majdly'sPaitkiiiga and Hrifjpence current, and prohiUtug chofe made by private Pcrfons to be paid or received in Trade. The E»gii)l>t thia Year, took die Ifland of ToUgo in the XFV/. hJttSf from the DiMh: F*b, 1673.] Writs under ihe trbad Seal having been iOaed dnriog theReceu, for elefting Members to fill op the Houfe of Commons in vacant Places, the Cbmmons voted thofie Wriu to be irregular, and expelled the.Members who had been defied upon them. The Commons allb addrefled his Majefty to revoke his Declaration of In- dulgence to Diflenters, and to permit the Laws to have their free Coorfe. And he thereucou promifed to to retradt his Declaration, af- furiog them, that what ne had done, in that Particular, fliould not, for the Future, b« drawn into Example xsi Oonfequence. March X5|» 1674.] The Royal Aflent was given to the Teft Aft, which required all OfRcers, Civil and Military, to receive the Sacra, ment according to the Church of Ei^laad, and make a Declaration agalnfl Tranfubftantiation. May 6, 1673.} The Ifland of St. Htltna in Jfriea was retaken from the DmuS this Year by Ci^. ManJtf, with three DatcH Bajl- Mia Ships. Prince Xafert, commanding the grand Fleet at this Time^ gained a a third Vidory over the Da/eb ; out the Frtneh Squadron ftanding neuter the latter Part of the Day, it w&s not fo complete as it might have been. The Parliament meedng, the Commons addreflied his Majefty againft the Duke of Tori's marrying the Princefs of MtJna, or any other Perfon not of the Pr0//^««/ Religion. However, {Jum 21.) the Princefs of Mcdttiat landing at Dover, was met by the Duke qf fork, and married to him that Evening by Dr. Cmv, Bilhop of Ox/orJ. The Commons rcfolved, about this Time, that the keeping any Standing Forces, other than the Militia, in this Nation, was a Grie- vance. That according to Law, the King ought to have no Guards but the Gentlemen PenTioncrs, and the Yeomen of the Guard, and that it was impoflible effectually to deliver this Nation from a Sund- ing Army, till the Life-Guards were pulled up by the Roots. fr^. a6, 1673.] A Peace bemg condudedf with Htlland, the Dutch thereby agreed to ftrike to the Engl^ in the Briiijh Seas, and to fettle the Commerce with the Itiiiti ; and agreed to pay the Kine of Rnghni 800,000 Patacoons, amounting to near two hnn- dred thoufand Pounds, in Lieu of the Claims his Majefty had on them, exclufive of thofe rdating to India. There were found, about I this Time, under a Pair of Stairs in the Tlmwr, two Bodies, foppofed | to be tbclfe of Edward V. and his Brother Richard^ mardered by 1 their Uncle ^VA;tij.l I OSottr 14, i67;.1 TbeCommofls j>roceedcd to reiblve not tol Sent any Supply to his Majefty, for the taking off the Anticipatioul at were upon bit Revenue i and drew up n Tcft to be takcol w by t Fr tOVtt Sep drew the Pi fore S fit Fit little a run thj the Co murder fifliPIo bliOisd the Beli Secretar of High* FrenrhX Soon aft« JafJiamei Queen H'i •And no called the we fame 1 convifted 1 «'ftof/>x terwardsti The nei Commons ^/"^ refut i-noice, th »5th of M proved, i That the D to the Cm to the prefe teflant Reli. Vote to the '679) the •"ft'ons on 4ouId prop< toingtlicSB AatnoPap/ fthc Priry frAuthorih /u/hccsofpe « the Nary, ^ AT O L A N Dl tcryg Ic «^ '^"^"^ °^ ^ '''oteftane i^K: Jj-J^^ fay Authority of Sii •^*^S«. ihould fee pat hTw ay«S!L "?*• and 39S ENGLAND. and oflTeied to confent to any other Limitations, fo as the Right oir Sacceffion was not defeated. The Commons of England, notwithftanding the King's Conc'ef. £oRs, ordered a Bill ta be brought in, to difable the Duke oiYtrk to ibcceed to the Crown. The Preftytcrians of Scotland appeared fo furious at this Time, that they murdered Dr. Sbarp^ the Archbiihop of St. Andrews, in his Coach. Five Jefaits being conviftcd at the Old Bailtj of High Treafon, in confpiring to afTairmate the King, and fubvert the Government, were executed at7>-^«r«the 21 ft, profeffing their Innocence to the hft. The Prefbyterians of Scotland raifmg a Rebellion about this Time, the puke of Monmouth defeated them at Bo/bwe/l Bridge, and among the Prifoners, took fevcral of the Murderers of the Archbiihop of S Jbid^mw\ who were hanged afterwards. Dqels being very frequent in Englandzt this Time, a Proclamation was pabUfheo, wherein his Majcdy declared no Perfon fhould be par- donM, who killed another in a Duel. Jmnt 1680.] His Maj'ity publifhed a Declaration alfo, fetting fbrth, that he was never married to the Duke of M^f/mouti's Mother, or .any other Woman, but Queen Catherine. This was done upon an Opinion prevailing at this i'ime, that the King was re Jly married to the Duke's Mother, aud that therefore he ought to fuccecd to the Crown before the Dtike of Tori. liie City ofWtfiminJler, and other Towns, having addrefTed his Majefty, declaring their Abhorrence of the late tumeltuous Petitions for calling a Parliament, (Odober 27,) the Commons refolved, that It is the undoobted Right of the Subject to petition for tlie calling of a Parliament, and that to traduce fuch Petitions, as tumultuous and fedhiout, was to contribute to the Defign of altering the Conftitution. And a Bill was brought in again, for difabling James Duke oiTork to inherit the Crown : Whereupan the King fent a Me/Tage to the Commons, flieiving his Readinefs to concur in any Meafure to fecure ^em againft Popery, but the altering the SuccefSon : However, the AA for difabling the Duke of fork to fucceed to the Crown, foon ^fiter pafled that Haufe, and was carried up to the Lords by the Lord kujeli but it was thrown out of that Houfe, at the fecond Reading, by 9 Majority of thirty Voices, the King being at that Time prefcat in the Hoiifc. Bed"] The Lord Stafford, being convifled of the Popidi Plot, was beheaded the 29th : The Lord Rujtl, and fome other zealous People, a)]e(lio;:iing the King's Power to remit the Hanging, Drawing, and ^arterin^ him. Bethel aod Ctrnijh, the Sheriffs of LonioH and Midf d^J^,, applied themselves to the Commons for their DireAion ; who very magifteri^lly declared, they were content the Lord Staffutd fhould be beheaded opiy. Then the Commons refolved, that no Member Aiould accept any Place without the Leave of the Houfe. 'T\isy rgfolved alio, that, nntil a Bill ihould be pafied for excluding Maje/I Oibrt, /jiouJd cated . iUinorii fadier h.undrp< the then . M^rck w "gain H'hereup fi>r the C tiem, aD( Jttodifia Treafon, ^aritamenj executed a TheJCi and Sub/if ferrecutioni i> London, t\ the Earl off ^xchie thel "nd compel f Aon/diaipol Addre/fesI ^bfaorrencer •Vfome A/rJ "Kited Woiil . The Duke wftcd, oajc H M'ith iS| rtcJOiike, an E N L A N D. 299 ncef- irAto rime, inhi» reafon, timent, to the , Time, among )p of St amatlon ibepat- j, fetung MotVier, one aj>on y manied jcd to the dreffed Ws J petUk>n» Wed, that calling of Ituous and onftitution. ke of Tork age to the re to fecure wever, the rown, fowj y the Lord id Reading, ime prefeat „ Plot, was [ous people* lawing. and ^(» and Midf tion ; who jrd Stafftrd kd, that no the Houfe. exclttdioR die Dpke of Tori, they could not give any Supply without Oanfcrit lu« MajeAy, and extreme Hazard of the ProtelUnt Religioo. They refolved, I'hat whoever fliould lend the King any Mone7» Bfov any Branch of bis Revenue, or buy any TaUy of AodcicMtioB, Htovld be jiidged a Hinderer of the Sitting of Parliament andbent- fpoafiUe for the fatpe in Parliament. Marcb 21 } The next Parlianient met it Oxford, where thefol- Ipwing £ypedient« were propofed inftead of the Bill of Exciofioa, ^iz. That the whole Qovernment, upon the Death of his prefent Majelly, fliouId be veiled in a Regent, who (hould be the IVince& ofOraKigti and if (be died without Iflue, then the Frincefs Aum /tioul4 be Regent ; but if the Duke of TcrJt (hould have a Son eda- cated a frottrilant, then the Regency ihould laft no longer than his AJiaority ; and that the Regents ihould govern in the Name of their Father wliilc he lived, but that he fhould be obliged to rcfide five hundred Miles from the Britijb Dominions : And if the Duke ihodd return to thefe Kingdoms, the Crown fliould immediately devolve oa the then Regent, and the Duke and his Adherenu be deemed guilqr oifHighTreafoo. Mqrchzit i68|.] TheBillofExclafion, however, was broogkt in again, and read the iirft Time, and ordered a fecond Reading i Whereupon the King came to the Houfe of Lords, and having feat for the Commons, be told them, he obferved fuch Heats among them, and fuch Di^erences between the two Houfes, that he thouj^ ^ to diflolve the Parliament i after which he immediately fet out for Wintlfir, StoAot Ct/ki/y was foon after committed to the Towtr for Hieli Treaion, in confpiring to make an InfurreAion at Ox/arJt when the Sarliamenc was there; anl being convidedof HighTreafon, was executed at Ox/erJ the 3 id of Jvgufi. The King publiflied an Order of Council, for the Entertainment and Subfiftcnce of the French ProttflmntSt who fled hicher to avoid the Perfecution of their Grand Monarch ; for which the FrtHtb Church ia Lmdon. returned his Majedy their Thanks. Nov. 14. An Indidment for High Treafon was pre&:rred againft the Earl of Shaftfiury at the Old Bailey, for framing an Aflbciation ta exclude the Duke of York by Force, to deftroy the Kirg*8 Guards, and compel his Majefly to fubmit to fuch Terms as the C^nfpirators fronld impoii: upon, him. Addre/les arrived from all Parts of the Kingdom, expre/iing thar Abhorrence of the Earl of Shaftfiury^ Aflbciatian. fth. }.} Thotnai Tiymu;, Efq; was fliot in his Coach in Pall mall, hy fome An'aiTuis hired for that Purpofe by Count Ko/tin^/mariy wha HKakd him in his MiHreis. The Duke of Tori, being advifed by his Majelly to retire, em- barked, oa Board the GlouceSir Frigage for Scotlaitd ; and the ;eh, the Qhuajitr {ttac]ii on the Sands called the Lim^m andOar, abooc ifuteun. Le:^;ues from the Mouth of the Humier; and the Ship waa loft, with moll of the Crew and PalTengers, as was reported; only Itjtt Dilke, ^nd fame few that; he tt>ok with him in the Pinnace, were ^ved t 3QO ENGLAND, Isvedi taaong wli«ii) was Mr. CimrcbHh afterwards Dake of iUiir/. ttrwgbi for wh»fii Prefcrvation the Duke of Ttrk was oxtreiBdjr fo. l^citom. : ; Junt a6, 168 2.1 The Sheri<{« of London, Piikinfttm and Sbmu contiauiiiR the Poll for new Sheriffs in a riotous Manner, after the Common-Hali was adjoomed by the Lord Mayor, were conunktcd to thcTMMT, but afterwands admitted to Bail. Several other Pcrfons were apprehended for a Riot on thejth of Ntvtmitr, and (entenced ta.ft^d in the Pillory, and pay a, Fine to Marth a2.] The King and the Duke of r^ri being at NituMuuitt^ a Fire broke oat, wh:ch confijaned Half the Town, andoccafioned their return to LoHtlon fooner than they intended; whereby they dcaped being afiaflinated at the kyt-htuft, in lh«ir Return, by J?ini. bold and the reft of the Republican Confpirators. Mr.PafilUH and Mr. Dutoitt having Hood Candidates for Sherifl^ txaloi S\r WiJ/iam Priuhard, the Lonl.Mayor, who adjonmed the Poll, ShtriSNorthf and feveral other Aldermen, to be arretted and detained -till one the next Morning: Whereupon the Lieutenancy ralftd the Militia, and the Lord-Mayor and thereft were releafedi PiliiHgton aadSituoj the late SheriflTs, the Lotd Grtj of fTorJk, Al- derman Cormflf, and feveral of the principal Rioters, were tried at GiaUhall, for continuing the Poll for Sheriffs after the Conuaon HaU was adjourned, and for aflaulting the Lord-Mayor. They were con- viQed and fined, PilJuugun ;oo /. Sbuu 1000 Marks, the^Lord Grtj^ Bttbilt and Comifl>, icco Marks, and the reft in lefler Sums. The Common-Council of Londom diiclaimed their being concerned in the arreftine the Lord-Mayor : However, the Court of ITxVfj'i- BenchMve Judgment agunft die Ci^, ,ia the ^0 Wwraiat brought againfttheir Charter. About this Time the Plot or Confjnracy, to aflkffiaate hk Majefty at the Rye-beufo in Htrtfordfinrt, was difcovered. A Proclamation was publiihed for apprehending the Duke of JI/m- mwth, Fordt Lord Grty of I9^trk. Sir 'themas Armfireug, and Rtbtrt Ffrn^f who were fled from Jufiice ; and 500 L was o&tcd for ap- prehending any of them. The Lord Howard of E/trick, one of the Confpirators, came in and informed the Government, that the Earl of Ej^x, the Lord /{»/- Jilp And others, were concerned in the Confpiracy ; whwrei^n they wore apprehended. The Citpr of London made their SabmiiSon to the King at Wim/Jtrt and complied with the Regulations he was jpieafed to prefcribe them : the Principal whereof were. That if the King dkl not iqpprove of the Lord-Mayor, Sheriffs, or other Officers of the City, he night nomi- nate others. 1683.] TheLord-Mayor, Aldermen, and Common-Council of L»udo»t congratulated his Majefty and the Duke of York, upon the Difcovery of the Ryt-boi^e ¥\ot \ and Addrcffot cane firom< all Parts of the Kii^om to the lame EifeA. -.^s^vvA' . .. ....... . .•,—••»•■.•. .WilUam U confj cone defin convj of 01 Th a raw heard confen The E N G L A H B. jar iyfo. :er tbe Attttcd • cthof Fineta cafioned ;by they byHwf r Shcnns, irncd tbe efted and eusenancy eafedv JVtrk, AV- ire tried at nntoaHaQ ^ were con- Lord Grtjt concerned of Kinit- Mt$ brott^t okeofMw- gnd Rtbrt eied for ap- , at ITiWjk. ikicribe them i pproveof the imigbtnoBU- bn-Cooool of ^rk, upon «w row £?•«* J|^/£tf« Lord Xii^wai tried and con«ia»d orf1igh*Ti«t(bn, in confnriiig the Dean of tb«King, and ta that End oonAihing and cooclodingwith other Tiaitors to raife a Rebellion, and to feizt and aeftioy the Kiqg'sGiiardi. ffilkam Hme and 7«iir )t«i>>wcre rifo conviacd, and, with i-^x.i»UT!;; :. ;„• . The Duke oS fiinmwth fubmitting hinifetf, ^ii Hdiki^^tohrs Majefty's Prefence, and iigned a Paper, acknowledging his being concerned in the late Confpiracy, except that Part of i( againft the King's Life : and obtained his Pardon : But rel^iirtg agiihi, and in- fifting the Paper he had figned Ihould be retimed btin, :he was.ba? aiihed the Court, and\vent over t« «»//(iW. - ■' j . . ^, ;i,<-i >ays after his Acceffion. He alfo pobliihed two Papers, tskn out of (he fete King's ftrOng Box, to manifeft he died a Papifti ri»0* the late Ooke ef Backs^ who knew the King well, was of Opinioahl diedaDrfyf. 1685.] The Parliament of England met on the fgth of Mtjf \ when the King aflurcd them, that lie was determined to proticA (tA Church of England, and maintain the Libcrtios and Properties of hit pMwIe. He acquainted them Alfo, that ArgyU was taiided in &V«/- iaffrm*«/^ was landed at Lime in Uorj'etjh'm, Whereupon thev rcfolved to ftand bv him with their Lives and For- tunes, againft the Dakc, and all other Rebels and Traitors ; and pafled a Bin for atnimm^ tht Duke of High Treafon. The Earl of //r^jf/r'storces were difperfcd, and himfcif made Prii fbner on the 17th of June. The Earl of /Irgyle was beheaded on the 30th of June at tdinburihf ■pon a former Sentence pafTtd upon him for High Treafon. In the mean Time the Duke of hUnsmuth, having increafed Im Forces to ?OfO Men, marched to Teutnton Dem, and caufcd hknfclf I 10 be proclaimed King. 7"^ ins the' Hi BaiA in a Th aSpe pioyet Ariit| bJ |ifi»»fion. ■Wind, v/trt 1 J.6tt' '"^"^ l!lO«'fcni3 weraj •"'M whi Tf. eftcf and v»ere afticsi X their {Time of th« thetU* la&Sca- [odloroT ^»ndeo, with Ae Ipioceeded (&>•«" *t om W« Fd. tr » bot th» kem«. fcootempt. m ^ bv Vifiwn anforUbg LdtheMa««., ninared a LiUl, Aey iIty : ^.y^I^^ there were «entR«joiciiftM. *vetlp t|ili'Ki«ife*5Ar|ny. . . , Sir Ri'hmrdHoy'hviay ind Sir, JebH P^weff, Juftices of the K!»g*t Bmk, wttt di&Uced, for ^^tig their Opiuoas agiainft the Court in Favour of the (even B'flwps. A Thankfgivine for the Birth of the Prince of ffaUh on the icth of June, VfMO\Mrycd.in,tht Cit\t» fifLef!j8tr\tdH^*Jllmi»fitr. The Fmti King ofltivd (6 fend King Jumet ^0/ co Men, fince hit own Forces coiud not be depended on ; but hii MajcQy. was ad* vifed to refttfe theih. The King reoeivinff certain TnteVligence, that the Prepar^ttions of i^t>»tei were intended agunft EKgimnJ, (^^f. ^o.) the Bilhop of LtiUeii'i Sufpenfion was taken oiF. ^ About the fame Time the Prince of Ortn^e publiihed a DecUni' tioo* with the Reafons of his intended Bxpeditton io tn^hni, vtK. to fi[ciliute the Calline a Free Parliament, snd to enquire into the Birth of the Prfhce of »^i>i. Thr Cing proceeded t^ reftdre. the Charts of Lautkn. And having dHired tl^ Advice of die Archbilhbjp of Canttrimy, the Lord Biihop tt Umlom, and their Brethren about Town, nine of the Bilhops at- tended his Majefty with ten Articles or Proporitipns,as the beft Meant » leflore his Aflbirs t the Chief of which were, That his Majefty would faftr the Law to take iu Conrfe, aqd call a Parliament : Whereupon ke diflblved the Cflmmii&oa lor Caufes Ecclefiailical, diTplaccd thfl ftfi/b Maeiftrates, a\id put Frtt^anh in their Places. 0^. I a!] An Order waa made for reftoriM; Morialeu College to iu Rights ; and a Proclamation was publiihed for rdtoring to Corpo* ntio'os dieir ancient Charten, Liberties, Rights, and Franchifes. The Kine demanding of the Bifh^tps, whether they invited over the Priace of Oraiife, as he fuggeftcd u. his Declaranoo, fome of them denied it ; bot, upon his demanding of ibem to fign an Abhorrence of the Invafion, they declined it. The Bilhops of SetUmd on the other Hsnd, were prevailed on to fln an Abhorrence of th< Invafion. The Prince of OrM/tf, landing at Tmri«}f on the ^th of Ntvtmhr, |6I8, arrived at Extttr the^tb \ where an Aflbciation was figned by idw Gentlemen, who joined the Prince tliOmgi at Extitr^ to afilft and ' 1 his Highnefs : And ^e Duke of Grm/itn, the Lord CburcbiU, feveral other Perlbns of Qjiiditv, and a g09d Body of Troops, ed hit Majefty at Stl^Awrj : Vtniereupnn the King returned to. 'kuhtiJ, where he fetnd the Princefi /tim* went away the Night ^" after the Prince her Hun)and. {Dtt. 8.) the Qgecn and the 1 .nam,yfZi taken for a Jefuit, and abufcd by the Rabble, but refcucd y (bine Gentlemen that knew him; and, by the Invitation of the Lords at LohJoh, the Kinp returned to tt'liitehall, where he was re- ceived witk the raoft joyful Acclamations of the People. Cut [Dec.\'j.) (he Prince of Or(2^r's Forces took Poflcilion of all the Foils about tfbhehaU and St. jam fend Members to reprefcnt them, to meet and fit at ff'ejimifi/er \k\ aad of January. They alfo addrviled the Prince ot Orange to take upon him the Adminillration of pobli^k Affairs, both Civil and Mili* tary, and the Difpofal of the Pubitck Revenue, till the Meeting of tk intended Convention on the azd of January. January 22, 1688 9.] The Convention being aflembled at Wi^ mnfier^ the Marquis of Halifax was cliofen Speaker by the Uppctj Houfe, and Htnrj Pnvlc, Efq; by the Lower Houfe : And the Coni-j tnotas ixfolvtd, fbat King James U. having tmleaiiiurtJ It /»!>•* Pe$pt 'iriotm •fth tberth The with > ^ftrtiA ^ataal Hoafes ■nyAra andPriii Liberiiej Prince a QSWB oi L'vet. .a /f £**r, °nnee tf their jo/o, «fi ; Ken nrfiody . i'or the Pj wei/ as the ^JiePrincefs would not 3, wem to the ^^'^gjamt w'andedin J" "» me •*^|';againft/ The Lord! feht bact »U u , ««oiution up td S^'^' «i^Prin4''^j;^;J"d refolded. Vw%,5;«ight.,a„d Q««cii of ^,./^y >°' "'^«*/'. be and ft«ii k! 7.''^'^ and ^J/a^r M ExtrHA ofthlS ™t Survivor of them . - ? 7 ^^U""/ their *"•• joint LiveT' i" *5? y-"'^ of the Pri^ '''S'l'^'^r '^^t /-J? Jl^fiodX; Remainder t\tS^' ^"^ °f A'l-S S "u*^ t« J*""? ^°r, tJ^e Prince refuJed lo "*"" ""^^^odyottt p""^ ** ««<" vanls created Duke oiGloucifitr. July 30 ] Major General Kvk relieved LtmitnJtrry, which W8» reduced to a ftarving Condition, and bravely defended by Dr. Walt . for above three Months, after the Governor Dundtt had deferttd that Command. Jug. 12, 1689.] .Duke Sehtmhirg fet Sail for /rr/m/ with 10.000 Land Forces, and arrived the next Day in the Bay of Cmirici/irp,i : And though there was no AAion this Campaign, there was a mst Mortality amongft the Soldiers, occafioned by the Want of Provifioni, or their being unwholefome ; nor had the Horfe fo much as Shoes. An Ad pafled this Seffion, for Payment of the Sutes the Charges of King WilUam't Expedition to Englandt amounting to 600,000/4 Anr. 30. Great Complaints were made againlt the CommilfioBcn, employed in ViAnalling the Navy this Year, who had furniOied cor- rupt and unwholefome Food, which had occafioned a Mortality in the Fleet. Another Complaint was exhibited aeainft SbaUtt Commiffiujr General of the Armv fent to Irtlandi by whofe ill ConduA, Duke Schmiirg had waiteo for Artillery -horfes and Carriaees, and the Sol- diers wanted their Bread t the ilorfes had neither Snoes nor Proven- der, nor the Surgeons Medicines for the Sick ; for which fome People lofl their Places, but fuffiercd no other Ponithment. Die. 1 8.] The Commons addrefled King Willimm to make a Prop vifion of 50,00c /. ptr Annum, for the Prince and Princefs of Dm- nunrk : But the obtaining this Addrefs occafioned fuch a Mifiinder. ftanding betweei^ the QpxA and Princiefs, that the Queen would lunre BO Converfation or Correfpondence with her afterwards. The Gentlemen of EngUmJ feemed greatlv diftrefled at this Time, by paying three Shillings in the Pound, and a Poll-Tax ; fcarce tvf of them knew how to retr^ch their Expences, tho' the Taxes of iQ Kinds had leflened their Revenues confiderably. And now Lruu XIV. determining to fupport Kine Jamti in In- Umdt the Count ir Lnucin and the Marquis dt Ltrry landed in tha Kingdom with 5000 Frtncb. Mnrcb 1 4.J In the mean Time the Parliament of Englmnd gnnted to their MajcAics, for their Lives, and the Life of the Survivor d them, certain Duties upon Beer, Ale, and other Liquors { with other Duties of Tonnage and Poundage, (sTr. ^ 1690.] In theft AAs were Claufes, impowering the King to snti- cipate and borrow Money on his Revenues, as he had defired in hiij Soeech, which was the Beginning of the Funds fo deftruAive to thtj Nation. The Advice of his pretended Friends was, Berrtnu vik . /*« emn | tin mtrt yn btrrtw, tbi more Friends yw make i Intertft h /ktngtr Tie tbem Printifle. Accordinslv the Miniftry gave whatevi Interell and Premiums were dcmandecTfor the Loan ofMoney ; Navi tin 5(0 and A its ai Beaet mUin aot/laj a^Frt Jnmti , dance 1 H^nierh ,T*ef Ksted d FitMry i, ^tnmmb, « lerrihle Nov. K wAfliftai sod forcil Kears of > And an A **«en Cap ^7^*^«ry ntnces of foienmiy n, g^ePeacJ Holy See, l^ and "flJiehadt] J* *** ndo **•'«» of thl «5« libcni J?«e Wight r *•»«». for tJ ,"»' "ife anvl '»«ent8 of tj ''«•«» join I Btthlt ifevrt '. icopacy riCietcd kh *»• Ttcdthat ll 10,000 ai a great 'rovwoni, Shoo. Charg!tt« oo/i jmiffiottw, rnilhed cor- talityintke Commii&nf ,nd theSoJ. nor Frown- ^fome People makeaPior jcefs of D'l- ^ a Mifoni''- [nwottWkwe •tthUTiBt. t, fcafceaM . Taxei of w •'iedinti*! *cS»'*»^^ 1 , witb oiket J defircd in Wl Iftrttftive to W| "Money j^;j^ ENGLAND. go^ Nttvd Slotci and Provifions were taken up at thirty, forty, and (omew timet fiity fer dnt. The monied Men, and thofe that coaM bear Stock, doubled and trebled their Fortunes, by baying up Debentoret and Government Securities. An ASt pafled this SeiSon, for reverfing the Judgment in a ^9 Wurranf a|ainft the Ciry of Ltnimt and for reftoring that City to its ancient Rights and Privileges. Jitnt 30.] The F. ' '1tct defeated the united Bn^Hfit and Dvtth "neett, command«iKl i, uie Earl of TtrringtM^ this Year, off of Btathy-Umd in Suffix. July I.] A Battle was foueht between Kinzjamtt and King Willitm, upon the Banks of the Baynt in IreUmd. The Jri/k Foot did not ftand a Charge, fo that King WiBimm gained an eafy ViOory i the Frtncb and Swi/i, however, made an orderiy Retreat, and King Jams retired to Dulliu i and having obferved there was no Dcpen- dance upon the Ir(/b Troops in their own Country, he embarked at Wmtrfaii for Trwi€». In this Battle Duke Sebtmierg was killed, and Dr. fr^ier, who defended LmukmiUrry fo bravely. The fame Day the Freiub, commanded by Marfiial Irnxmhrgt de- feated the Dutcbf commanded by Prince IraUnbf in the PUins of FUurf in Flamdtrt, Juij as.] The FnHtb landed fome Troops at 7«r^«f, and burnt Tiamutbf after their Succers at Btathybtmd: And the Nation was in a terrible Conftemation for fome Time, expeAing an Invafion. Ntv. 1 4.] Capt. Jam$ Camfbeti, Brothei to the Earl of Argykt by AeAfliftance of jirtbibaU Montgemtry and SviJ$bmy$bHftoHt fcized sod forcibly married Mrs. Mary Wbarton^ a rich Heirefs of thirteen Years of Age, for which Sir Jtb» J^Jtom was afterwards hanged : And an hS. of Parliament pafled, for making void thr Marriage be- tween Capt. Campbell and Mrs. Wbarttn. yoKumry 16.] At the Congrefs of the Hagut, confiiling of the Princes of Gtrmanyt the Imftrial, Emgli/lk, Italian, Sfai^, and Dattb Minifiers, a Declaration was drawn up; wherein, 1. They folemnly protefted before God, that thrir Intentions were never to ffiske Peace with Ltnvis XIV. until he had made Reparatum to the Holy See, for whatever he had aAed againft it ; and till he had an- nulled and made void all thofe infamous Proceedings againft the Holy Father Lntctnt iil. 2. Nor until he had reftored to each Party all he had taken from them fince the Peace of Mmjltr. 3. Nor tiU Iw had reftored to the Pr*ullant$ of Franc* all their Pofliwons and Goods, and an entire Liberty of Confcienoe. 4. Nor till tho £ftatcs of the Kingdom of Fra»n fhould be eftabliftied in thdr an- cient Liberties ; 10 that the Clervy, the Nobility, and the third Eftate might enjoy their ancient and Uwfol Privileges; Nor till their Kings, for the Future, fliould be obliged to call together the faid EAatet, when they defired any Supply, without whom they flioald not raife any Money on any Pretence whatfbever ; and till the Par- liaments of that Kingdom, and all other his SubjeAs, were reftored I to their juft Rights. And the Confederates invited the SubteAs of I hnn to job wuh then in this Undertaking, for reftoring tnem to U 3 thtir iif s. H a L A N m their Rights tad LibertiM ; tbrc&tetung R«itt «nd Dtfiniftithntdilioft that refaf«d. Sir Richard Gratam, Bart. Vifeount Pn^w^ and John Afiitmt were tried at the Old Baity for High Trtfafon, and condemned. tl. B. Thefe tientletnen w*re taken ovef-againft GnK*/fJK/„ in a Slliatk they had hired to carry them to Franee, with Papery giving Intelligence of t)ie Sute Of ^e Royal Navy % bat only JfettH was hanged' Frf. I.] Dr. IfWiamSamrafi, Archbiftop pfCent^tmy, was de- J rived, for not taking the Oaths to King Witliam ; Dr. Thimos Kern, liihop of Ar/ift and ^e/h ; Dr. Franeit Turner, Biftop of Sly ; Dr. f!p6erf Frtmptotr, Bifhop »">f G/meflir iDt. Tibemas fFIfite, BifllOp of Pet&Unti^b ; and i)r. fVi/ham l^jd, Bifhop of Horwitht were alfo deprivied the fame Day, 169I.] Mom was fnrrenddred to the ^rmb the ibth of ;4»rf/, N. ^. The Battle of /ighrith wis fbbgte in W«in/ Ota the 1 3th of ^fyl Where St. /?«iri^ Ike Fr^M-ift GeMVaU being k$l(id hi the fi^). ginning of the Aftio«, the Ififi> Wtffe d<^ated, and Gefferal ^inkh otbtaihM I CMflpleiit ViA6>ry. liti^ick fuffendered foon after, witl^ •the CiJRIeiof /f^yi atti&arft ^nd ik\ eiAer Phiry Thing to Sate. The fame Biihop fays. That th* King's abolifliing Epifcdpary in Stlc^/ttkd^ and fetting up Prefbytery there, gave the Clergy of fi^-^/W fbtne Jealoufy of his Averfion to the Church of England', cfpccially when they faw Lord Mehil, to whom King IViUiam had committed the Admin iitration in Scotland^ abandoned the Mintfters Of the Epif- topal Perfuaiion to the Ftfry xX the Prefbyteriww, though the King liad affdred him, (Bifliop f itrarf^ -and others, that he would reAraii) and h«M)Tate (heir Violence. Bifhop Buftut alfo relates, th»^ lie complained to King Willitm about this Time of the Praftice o^ thfe Court in bribing and corropt- kg the Memben of Parli» onlefi he would endanget the Whole. May 19, 1692.] The EngHJh and l>nteh Fle«s, commanded bjr Admiral Ruffily Engaging the Prpnch Fleet oiid«ir Admiral TaurtHK ^trtmcb we/e tiiUfel)' defeated^, aild driven to their ow&Coaiis; and fia^i on J Deft T Ktirc , were Paper* tot only wasde- Ih i Dr- kjfebp of ivcre alfo 5.45th of m the B^'- cral (^i»*fc fcfter, witli Vair in /«* of ykwtarfi a«Ve^yYtar loy thb Com- :x>\fc6paf y *«« KyofB^i;/''"*' p. cfpcciany Ud cotnmiKM , of the Epif- aeh the King 7ooW rcftrau ring Wm» , E ani corrog- lanfwered, »« , ■flSblc to avoid oald endan^ ' itrtnanded }l ownCoaW- atttt £ N G L yi ^ D." 311 an^ at /!^ ^<'X»^ and otjticr Placca, no ,Iefs than twenty-one of thej^ iargeil Men of War were deftroycd within two or tbi^ee Pays afler thf Battle. Among the rcfi, the frtnclt Admiral, the Rifing-Sipi, was fet en Fice within Sight of the Army that was a^embled to have made a Pefcent iipon En^and. The To;vn of Namitr furr«n^ercd to the French^ Juntc^ 1692 : K Pajt^e was fought at Sfrvikiri on the 3d of /fu^n^ ; the Crnxfederates Kcre commanded by King iFilUfifn in Pcrfon, and the French by th^ puke of LftxeniS^urgh : Ths Confederates w»re forced to tctieat wvji !S»c Lofs of feveral thoufapd bi;avc Ofiicers and ,§oldieri. '; Seff. 8.] Aa Earthquake happened in England this Year ; tlie Pepi fie were in ro^ny Places fenfible of the Motion, but it.did not Jwf above a Mitiute, and was attended with no ill Accident. , JnHUfiry ziJ] A Complaint being m^de to the Commons of A pamphlet, endeavouring to ftiew, that King WiUiam W^^'* Mvyf Right to tit Sul>Jt3t JUeeriottce vi;as fgundtd upon Cenqueft: This, wi^ Bimop ^jvrm/*s Paftoraf Letter, which advanced the fame Notions^ was burnt by the Hand of the Common Hangman. A Pt^cc prevailsd, at this Time, of preffing Landmen for the Sea Service, by the OfHcers of the Fleet, who carried them over t» UtUaHd, and fold the^n tojheQiHcers of the Army : Whereupon the Commons ordered their Sp^«Her,; ^ir John Trniorp tp l«y,thia Opprc^ iion before the King, who dire^Ved that no Officers iSpttla preiiune to prcCi Laud-men for the {"^utur^. Jmuttry 31.] The EatI pf Marlborough was ,di%raced at thi^ Time, and all his Places taken ^from him ; which Biihop Bumtt fygr gells was, Jiecaufe he <^peared dilcqnxented that iiis Secji'ices were.iiaf rewardjed : ana that it was ^e C,ry of the whole Nation, that tli^ EnglijS were overlooked, and the /)»/r'& the only Perfons that wi^jf favoured or .ttufled . Anothe^r J^e^fon he afCgns ,of tbp Ei^rs Di^i^ce was, that t)\e Countefs his W^ ii^d advifed the Prinoefs jtnfu%9 jnr fill on having a Revenue fettled on her by the Parliament, by thf Earl's Qirei^iqn. i . The Couptefs, the Prip^e^'s t^aygurite, being forbid the Cpart, tl^ Pnocefsjain) left die Court h^cfetf : Whereupon Qu^en Maty ofdeKs^f that no Public^ Honours fltould be, paid to the Prii^^eia, pqr ,wa9 (hp ever reconciled tp her to the' JDay of h^ Peath. Junt 16, 1 69 3 ] Adm iral RM^, jvith .twen^-duree' Men of War^ having Uie Turky Fleet under his Convoy, was attacked off Cape St. yiMctiit by the whole Frenrh Fleet, under the Comnumd of Aamu$][ fmrviiU : twelve Englijh and Ojuttjb Men of War, and above four* fcore Merchant*men, were taken or deDroyed by ^e French. The Confederate Army, commanded by King ifH\iam% was entirely de^ ftated by the Frtneh^ under uie Oom^nand of Lutctmhurgb^ at tantUn iq Brabant, on the 29th of July. The Confederates might have gain- ed the Vklory, if the i}«/c^)Horfe,had not run awav. ^tpt. 24.] The Frtncbt under the Commanu of Nfonfieur CottMt^ ^feated the Confederates under the Command. of the Duke of ^avtj and Prince Eugem, at MarfigUa near t»rim. Doke Schomberg^ who commanded the Troops in Briti/b Pay, was mortally wounded, and U4, t»kca 312 ENGLAND. taken Prifoner : This was the firft Battle where the Foot chatged with Bayonets at the End of their loaded Mujlkea ; to which Stratagem the Succe(s of the Frmcb in this Battle is attriboted. A Libel, incitled, A Cltar Q»ifuttioH cf th» DaSrine efthtfrimly, was ordered to be burnt by the Common Hitngman. The firft Publicic Lottery was drawn this Year. An Ad palled for Relief of Orphans, and other Creditors of the City ofLowUn. The City had fpent the Money they were intrufted ivith belonging to the Orphans of deceafed Citizens, in bailding Bedlam, the Monumutt and other extravagant Projeds : Therefore an Afl was made to pay the Orphans a perpetual Intercft for their Money, at the Rate of Four^#r C$»t.. This AA obliged them to mortgajge the Revenues of the Q\ty. The Royal Aflent was ilfo given to an Ad, for granting feveral Duties upon Tonnage of Ships, and upon Beer, Ale, and other Liquors, for fectrine certain Recompences and Advantages to fuch Pcrfons as (hould voluntarily advance the Sum of 1,500,000/. This was the Foundation of the Bank o(Eng. lauJ, the Sublcribers being incorporated. < The ordinary and extraordinary Expences of the Government, this Year, amounfra to upwards of fix Millions. Jmtit 8. ] The EngWh Fleet, with a Body of Land Forces on Boanl, came before Breft in Franct ; and General Talmarflr landed wiUi die firft five hundred Men ; where they found fuch Batteries and Intrench, ments, and other Preparations made to receive them, that they thought £t immediately to retire to the Ships ; bat the Tide going out, the flat-bottomed Boats ftuck upon the Ouze, and were not aole to get off; moft of thofe that landed were killed or wounded, and amongft the reft General talmmrjb himfelf was mortally wounded, and died ait his Return . to Port/miutb. Dk. 22, 1 694. 1 King William gave the Royal Aflent to an A{1 for the frequent Meeting and Calling ot Parliaments. This was the im- portant Tritmnial AS. Queen Marf died in the 33d Year of her Age, and the 6th of ho Reign, of the Small-Pox, on the aSth of Dtcenbfr, 1694. Mr. Bird, an Attorney, was brought npon his Knees by the Coffl- mons, for bribing their Memben. Sir jtbti Tmor, the Speaker of the Commons, was found to have received 1000 Guineas of the City of Lotuhn, on paflins; the Orphans Biir; whereupon he wu voted guilty of an high Mifdemeanor, and expelled the Houfe. Ai Ad for granting to his Majefty certain Rates and Ouries upon Mar- riages, Births, and Burials, and npon Batchelors and Widowen, patted this Sefiion. The Commons addrefled King William, that he would take Care, for the Future, that this Kingdom be put upon an equal Foot and Proportion with the Allies, in bearing the Charge of the War. April 23, 1695.] Sir Tiemat Cook, Governor of the Eaft-hSt Company, being examined by a Committee of both Houfes, con- cerning his Bribing their Members, confefled the diftributing aboot 70.000/. in Behalf of t\ic Emjl-In^a Company, among the rriendi of certain Courtiers and Commoners j but wonld not acknowledge, mi *h; i oft pro! iacR over ielf. thel Tl fits, a about Not 2 Seta iofiniu wascei aiidH< Inth Money Ad of J inCarei aretobi !»foretli udthi^^r Parlianie his fndi^ two Wit was not ii ttoruary, which w Confpirat Guards, : WmPrifoi Name of ^•btrt [ •f the Coil Martb Of High 1- *"d 'ncidiil ""Cmn Aa fcadofan «o«ntof cJ **ry near fJ 4f'-il aol •Wtiagof? atsigen I of tlie tntrufted boilding ^ rherefore ' for their I them to alfo gWen ;hip8, and :oiiipen€cs vance the unent, thh *s on Boani, led wi»i» A« id Intrench- thcy thought ilneoui. the t 3)le to get and amongft and died it to an Aft f« ^ai the im- ,e6th ofhei by the Com- USpeake'of loineas of the lupon he wu ; Houfe. A» ies upon Mar- WA Widowen, l/;i^i»f.thathe . pot upon an t£e Charge*" Houfei, «"• |ributing«boot |„gthelPneni»l ackuPwle^JlJ ENGLAND. 3i| ^tthe.lnew that either the Miniftera, orSeaaton diemfelves, had 'ccdvcd any of it. An AA of a seneral and free Pardon pafled foon after, which wat of fingular Comfort to all foch Gentlemen as were in Danger cMf being profecated for Bribery, Extortion, and felling dieirCoontry. The Parliament o( SettktJ met on the 9a of Mmj, wncn the Maf« facreofG/ntrM was enquired into ; which made a great Noife all over Euroft, and was looked upon as a Reflection on the King hioA. lidf. But no Proceedings were craered, or Enqai^ij made concenilag the fiufinefs, by the Court The Town of ffamur was taken by the Confederates on the 4tli of Jbpifi 1695 ; Marihal Filing, during this Siege, bombarded Bn^ fits, and continued it for two whole Days and Nights, deflroyiag about 2500 Hoafes. iVov. '25.] A Fellow of C^nrv/i^/y C»/A^ in 0«/Sri/, affirming in a Sermon, (as Dr. Sbirlotk had done before) that there were three infinite diftinft Minds and ScbfUnces in the Trinity : This C^injon was cenfured by a Decree of the Convocation at Oxftrd, as Impxm and Heretical. In this Seflion of Parliament the Commons refolded, that all dipped Money fliould be recoined ; and it was immediately after called in bv A£l of Parliament. An Aftalfo was made for regolatineofTryab m Cafes of Treafon and Mifprifion of Treafbn ; by which all die Peers are to be fommoned to attend the Tryalof a Peer or Peerels 1 whereaa before ths King appointed a ceruin Number, ufually between twentjr aad thirty, to try a n($ble Prifoner, if it was not during a Seffion of Parliament. By this ASt a1 ManufaAures imported, they had very near feized the Treafure at the Eaft India Houie. Jf>rit 29 ] The Conferences between the Pleniontentiaries for tteauDg of a General Peace were opened at Rj/vach, Monfieur Ltlim- |i4 E N G t /t N B, rt0t, the 8«4/ Mritaift tf stilt and Holland 't and ratified by Xing Wittu^ at £00 the 1 5th. ICwg If'i/E/MMXQnduded ibis Peace widuMit the Concurrence of the £{n(efpr and £mpire..and left them to contend ivith frmvt alo^nc.- Di^c, ^1 Soon after tjie Condufioin yf Abe IVaQ;» the Cojornioo^ refolved, 1 hat in a juil Senfe and Acknowledgment «f - what giear 7bi«gb-bM. MajefijF had .done for thele Kingdoms* ,« Sum not «rl 4xedinff feven hundred thou(and Pounds /»r ^«». fhoqld be jgranted to jbis^jefiy during Life, for the Support ofihe Ciyjl IM ; the 4ot^ MerQr^s being A^deforaihort Space of T4ine. \ . January 4.] A Fire Happened at iVhitehaU, which enticqix de^ Aro^'jod tl^ui^lac^ -except ^he Bapqinning-Otule. tit. 17.] A Society for the Pr.opagatioo olithe jGofpelin Eoreiga ^^^srwajAboJit this Time lercfted, "',-,,;.., Jlfa^^pS.J. A Complaint being made totthe Commons of a Book, Imitled, 7J^ Ca/e y ii^landV beiftg ianmHy J3t 1/ Pariimntnt n £nglafid, (written %iPi//i>«> MJlintux of Duilip, £fq;) wibichde. iMeid^the.Pependance of yrf^Woa tnglanj, as,to their^eing bound •i^^*t^'J^ j^£ts. of. VarVument ; they addreifefl hi5,Majefty, afieriuw (he IdcsieBd^tnce and Subotdination of ire/oMJ to ilrJs kingdom of Dec. 3.] Joktt Archdak, a Quaker, was elected a Member of thi^ f-arlian-.em iat the Borough of C/>//;»i;!^ lVyo Acres to the ILarl pf /V/^W ; 264489 ^cies .;o the Earl of jithlone^ ENGLAND. )f$ Tune, i tfuct ifted tVie l$th. hat great n not ing the private Cftaceof KingT^"*"* *nd worth 3^^995 /. ptrAmum^ $0 the Lady Elizaketh t^tiliert, Coantefs of Orkmtft a Sbe-Favourioi of Kiog H^ilbmrn't : Wher^iqjon the); refolved to bring in a BiU of Re- funipcion, and to apply all the forfeited Eftatwand Interelb io Irt/mtJ^ ^^ Jams^ private Mm titt'm Ireland conkntA upon her. Feb. 21. The Commpns waited on the I»irg with their Refida- tioasi, in Relation to die Irifilt Forfeitures: in iVnfwer o which, iui Msjefty told th^m, ha thought hir icf obliged in ju(i. j to rewani thofe who had fei^ved well, and :pan jeA, laying before him the ill confequences of tiie Treaty of Panit|tn. King lft///«Mr, however, wrote a Letter to Kirg Philip, congratula- ting him on his Acccfiion to the Throne of £/«« ; and ihe £/«/«i. Cnarr*/ alfo congratulated him on his Acceifion. April x^^ I7<3>-] The Commons alio impeached the four Lords Aat neiocinted this Treaty, and addrefled hit Majelty to remove then ftom his Council and Prefence for ever, %iz. John Loril Somen, Fi. te«r^£arlof Orford, Charles Lord Halli/ux, and ff^u'ham E»A tt Ptrt/amt. The Houfe of Lords on the other Side addrefled his hUr jefty to pifs noCenfure upon thefe fuur Lords, until Judgment was giiFen agninft them upon the abovefaid Impeachments. ytn* 17.] The Lords proceeded to the Tryal of the Lord Somm Sn fi^tfiminjier-Hall : And the Commons not appearing, they acquittal Itim, anddifmifl'ed the Impeachment, as they did the oilier three. Prince Eugene, the Imperial General, marchinc into hnly, with sa Army of 40,'X)o Men to make good hi^ Imptri't) MajeAy's Preten* floni to the Spumi/b Territories there, they made (hemfelvet Maften d CmftigUtnt foon after their Arrival. 8ept.€.) King 7«'>r"II died of a Lethargy at St. Germmin$ n L»ft in FreuKtt on the 6th of September, in the 68th Year of his Agt. Hh Body was depofited in the Monaftery of the S««r/»# took Part with the French, as did the two Dukes of iftifimbutiU i bat the bit were furprised by the Forces of ZelJ and Haiu-ver, and compelled to abandon that Intereft. The Duke of Saxt-(i$tbr. f\(o had cn^ieed hiafelf to the French, but was obliged by his Neighbours to quit that Side, and come into the Mearures of the Confederates j whereby all GmBMjr became united againll France, except the two Brothcra the Eleiten of Bawuria and Cthgne, Majf A, 1702.1 The Queen, the Emperor, and the Sutes-Gcneral iflaed a Declaration of War againll France and Spain. There were great Debates in the Council of Great Britain, con- Ctraing the Management of the future War 1 whether we flioald aake one grand Ellort in FlnnJert, and the EngUfi General hate the chief Command of the Confiederate Army there 1 or wefhould only fcmilh our Quota of Troops, and leave the Dntch to defend tli«r Covalry « Hane, whik Ei^knd carried on the War by Sea and in tbf 1«» E a G L A a a. limSfmi^ ff^fftrltuTiett and harrafled the Coafti of Fr^ct and Sfi^ii by frequent Dfefcentt. May 6"] The Earl of Racbefltr^ theQaeen^s Uncle, and hu Party* finere for a Sea War } but the Earl of Mar/iaroH^b, by the Intereft of fti» CouBtefe and the Lord Godolpbin, carried it for a Land War } whereupon the i^arl of Rpcbefter retired from Court. - An A&. pafled this Seflion, to oblige the ytwtxo maintain andpo- iride for their ?rtttftant Children. "JmHt o.] The Parliament of Scotland met on her Maje0v*s Acr ceflton, being the fame Convention that afTembled at the Rerolution i Duke HmmUton^ and ereat Numbers of his Adherents, looking upob tfiii Parliament to be diflblved by the Death of King WilUam^ with- A«w, and refnfed to fit amongft them i but the Queen's Commiffioncr^ the Duke oF ^ttnjhanugb^ pioduced her Majelty's Letter to them, •ad continued the Seflion. Jmnt 23.] About this Time, William Fuller, having been profe^ csted and conviAed in the King's Bench, for an Iropoftor, and for Bublifliing certain Libels, the one intitled, Original Letters of m latf King Jitnet, (jfft the other, Tnventyfx Depojttioni of Per/om of ^uahty mad H^wtb, wa« fentenced to ftand three Times in the Pi|. lory« to be fentto the Houfe of Corredlion, and to pay. a Fine of 1000 Marks. This was that Ful.'er who pretended to prove the Story of the Warming-pan, on which fuch Stiefs was laid at the Re- f«lntk>n. Jmly.'] The Frencb King declaring War againft the Confederates, the States-General gave the Command of their Forces to the Earl of Martt»reugb the Englifk General, who obliged the Freneb to quit the Sftnijb Gddnland the firft Campaign. Prince Emeji Auggfliis, youngeS Brother to the Eleftor of Hanover, accepted a Commiffion of Major General from the Earl of Marlbt- rMtg%t and made a Campaign with the Englijb Troops in the Uttber- Untdt this Year. An Order of Council was made, that no Officer or Servant of her Majefty's (hould buy or fell any OfHce or Place in her Fnmily 0: Hoaiholdy onPainofher Di(pleafure, and of being removed from her Scnrice. Aug. 15.1 The Duke of Omond landing with the ConfiSdcrate Forces on the Continent of Spain oppofite to Cadiz, took PofTc/fioo of Port St. Msry's. where the Soldiers committed intolembte Difor- ders, rifling the Houfcs and Churches, and raviflnng the Nunii which gave the Sfaniardt fuch an Opinion of their heretical Friends^ that they could never be induced to join them in this Expedicion, at was expeOed. Tli« Enr/i/f Troops under the Duke of Ormotd to Spain, defpaif. ing of making them lei vei Mafters of CkJiz, re imbarked and fct fail for England. Five Captains of Admiral Bmhmvi Squndron in the ireJI-LiJiu wtre tried on board the Brida, at Port Ropal m JnmMca, for Couar- dkt and BiMcb of Orden, in an Enffacement wiih D» Caff, «nd, legfl of hit ferted Oa. Ae C< SfOMi/b ofOrm> theHar theEnti tookfou Calkom tout ibui and rich Oa.2: with the < dom. ffov. r. f om GtU out not be \fd plunc *oyageto 1 <^**- '5- W withe int^'^\ 'he War in Adt'antage} "V* flioult f^^tDbteb 'O 'heir Arm Feb. 25.] •"M ordered ffce i^uthor L diiifiook ws ^'n^inary L , Sit Henry I iffnngtlie^*^ tut Sir aw, Epifcopai Cle jMeiJtlyturne J •'ho were redi ■ wnnffto the ■ Maje/h was a I pf^ci Protcaioi Vtriun Clergy. felted him. * "«<» '^e Caprams condemned wh« J wOmrff//^ landed f>i« P«,^- "^in Ga//taa ; aadwhiim .k i."* «iwngthej>a,,w/at ?«„«/«>.."*"'• '«'«» found toiltv «f ^ WW i^pwsi mmmm Jao S N G L A H T>: Stft. 12, ;70t.] The Emperor and the King of the Rtmani ni £gned dieir Right to theDominioBa cfS/aiti to the Archduke Charkt, who was thereapon declared King of SfMK, bjr the Name o(CiarUi Stpt.xa.J TheCoramonrof /rvAM/addrcfletl herMajefty, and adcnowiedged their Dependance oh (be Crown of Enrlamf. ^ TheComroontof /r/^vi/excJlcdMr* -^'^tii^ir noufe, forimb* lifliinK a Book, wlwreby he eodeavoared to mew, that Man mignt be tranflated to eternal Lire without dying. iVtfv. t6.1 About Midnight b^an the moft terrible Storm that kad been kSown in £/r^W, the Wind South- Weft, attended widi ^aflungf of Lightning ; it uncovered the Roofi of many Hoafes and Churches, blew down the Spires of ieveral Steeples and Chimnies^ and tote whole Groves of Trees up by the Roots i the Leads of fome Churches were rolled up like Scrolls of Parchment j and feveral Vef. fcls, Boats, and Barges, were funk in the River Thames i but the Navy Royal fuftained the greateft Damage, being juft returned from die Strtiti i four third Rates, one fecond Rate, four fourth Rates, and Many other of lefs Force, were caft away upon the Coaft f>( EngMi, and above 1500 Seamen loft,.befides thofe that were caft away in Merchant.fliips. Dee, 1^. j A Difpote happened at this Hme between the two Hon&s, m die Caie of Jmly and White, concerning the Right of determining controverted EleAions. The Commons refolved. That die Right of an Eledor to vo(e was cognizable only in their Houfe; and that 4fihf having broi)f ht his AAion againft the returning Officer for not receiving his Vote, was guilty of a Breach of Privilege, awl fo wre all the Lawyers, Attorneys, and other Perfons concerned in thisCauie. The Lords on the contrary refolved. That if any EleAor's Vote was refiifed, he had a Right to brins his A6Uon t and that the Com- nu>ns deterrmg People to bting their Adions, was hindering the Covfe of fuftice. King Cheithi III. arriving at Spitbeadt the Duke of Somrfit, Mafter of the Horfe, brought him a Letter from her Majefty, and liivited Urn iio IF?«^, where he arrived the 29th, and on thejifl letomed with the Dulce of Sumtrfet to his Seat at Pefwrth in Su/ex : He fee fiil for Ftrfi^^t 5th ofjmmtaiy, but being put back by contrary Wtndi, it was the 27th of /V^riiarjp before he arrived it UJUk, Tht Qaisfn at diii Tiow revived the Order of die ThUUe in Sett- imd. April %, 1704.1 At die breaking np of die Parliament, a Libd was pablilhcd, called, Ufltns humile Addrrfs t$ the Hta/e of Ltrdii ftttittg forth, that the Houfe of Commons had betrayed their TmS* B'venup the People's Liberties, and were become an unlawful Aflefl>< y, and ought to be depofed by the fame Role that oppreiled Sob* jeAs have in all Ages dcjiofed bloody and tyrannical Princes ; and dut thcTyranay of five handred Ufnrpcn wa» no more to be cnduicd I thiA join M Conji Ma/o Srittu id van Confet Duke I the /mi r4e22d tfttKhfC very (ha ThtS therein 1 o^tfiat J ^ided fat «od for tl ^kole P^, (elves whl »nd they I . >^ 23 Jaringbat "w, whi "«<*e then ;^%Jma *"ne in j ,%-4-J ••X'*' «nd y^'t undei M and V] ""y ; Marfjr .*«« taken n ? Cannon, \ „\«f''^-I>r«n, ^^^ fcill.rd o| mw^^f^ ^ ^ G t ^ if D. iw'^ii'g repwfentcd the D &\i.*^ ^'^^^a' Minlfter ii, Fw > ConjuniUon of the fr^c^^jj* ?"»?'« Hr« Xed to 2^^' advance towanf^r'^^^^^ whcremtheyenaaedT?.?v^j''°^''^«A tailed ^ii.ff/ 16, 1706.] The Lonli CommiffioBcrs of the refpcAive .\.^" Kiogdomj t an Sic ati thei 1 total Oj toiy, fercK great tAeC< Oftng j falling ^fifoaei ^s Affu M hai aoontin, Tomb in ^FlamU »*«> Sovi feveral otl oubnuffioB , The A ««"nmer, , "wn fent A nutted to Aire had ^ Jfar, fof„ J'ogpoureJ ■nfiion of jj «d the Earl ««inied Kin «•<*« their Pofleffion ofi ■Towns in cX "«fiofthe>i7 . ^{ff- 7.] ('"*«> Intre, hpttalCity/ l^-*/ and Mar to°°° of fct* J*. . ^ ^ ^ t yf 7\r is * inefame Mornmo. .u "^'"on, and great Part of their ^«;m ^^ 7*''« '^•"«^, and 6^?^ «,^««/7//>/ , ius Affiftancc : andLu a T^ ^oo« i»ad not roL i ''. °'" »kcn ' Ball having t^ken i » J'*L'^'*^'^''»'*'« a greater F?.T* ^'^^'^nably fo counting fis ct^f a^an^'^' "/^^^^"^i ^^/S T'h' ^"""°"- Tomb in ^^«/»/^'J ^Pf *^]«„^>\5« /n/criptCr;„VeV:r ^*- w/y«w5rr/aflemb]ed nVrv" .•*7"'"'«'e^y after this Baf.»- 9°^onei'i •keif Soverein, ?JV?f'*'' 'o'maJiy rccoaniz J if^ ^^'/"'^^fate, fcvcral other wnfide^M A ^*'*'» 0*/«Wr. J!?,!"** V°^'^*'°n of The £ng/i^ h.d ren SoSftnd'?* ««•/« their SovS^-,^"'**' *^« feYrSr^^^^^^^^^ eh. ■ vifioo g24 ENG L A N B. Tifioo belAiiglng to the Frtiub Army, and this widi very littk Lbfi «ii the Part of tne Allies. Sir John LmA failed to Majarea, which fabmittrd to King Ctarltt^ U Imita did fooii after. The City and the greatelt Part of theDutchy •f Mi/am alfo (ubmitted to the Im^trialijis. About this Tiuie Don Pt^» King of P«/-/«^d/ dice, and was fucceeded by his ^IdeftSon Ooa Dec. 1 6.] The Dokw of Mcrltorougb having had great Succefs thii Campaign, the Queen gave the Royal Aflent to aa A£t for fettling on him and his I'ofterity, a Penflon of 5000/. ptr jinnum, out of the Poft-Office, for the more honourable Support of their Dignities, jo lilce Manner as'his Honours and Dignities, and the Honour and Ma« nor of H^eodjtotk, and die Hoofe of Binheim, were already fettled upon them. March 6."] The Bill for ratifying the Union of the two Kingdoms of Efglaud unA Seot/atu( received the Royal Aftnt. The principle Articles were, that the Succeffioa to the Cro^a Ihould be fenled as in England. That the united Kingdom fliould be reprefented in one Parliament. That there fliould be Freedom of Trade to all the Brityb Dominions. That ^ro//i>»ng.Sor* ■nJucky J tached to People, u toils Hivj «. Ifbal m to Spn, »ndlfap/„ Body of Tj *»ptuedki campaign, gof&v, ^* Rocks of top, and fay ."^^t induce, "not known r^S^pthe jPes. preten r- GtOTft tva T^^i to «ng .Series of Suec^f.^T . "" ^dvanta*,^, a^. i. , ' '^"'P' th • wludky ProMo?h.r ^^^'^oufand Mrn^"?'^ ^a^ gained by, «55-;/« would s f^fe±.^^. ^- c«:a»,?^i.u gave 3*6 ENGLAND, crave Chace, and took one of the Enemies Men of War called the Sali/kurjt with feveral Englifli and Frtncb Officers and Gentlemen oa Board. May 28, 1708.] About the fame Time Commodore Wmgtr^mx^ a Sauadron of four tugUJh Men of War. engaged feventeen Spamjb Calleons near Cartbagetia in Amirica ; of which the Spanifi Admiral, reckoned to be worth Thirty Millions ofPiecesof Ejght, was bbwn up, and the Rear Admiral taken ; Commodore W«ign'% Share onljt. of this Prize amounted to iOQ,ooo /. and upon his Return Home he was made Rear Admiral for this Service. lu»it 30.] The Affair of the ninth Elcdlorate being adinfted, the three Colleges of the Empire refolved to admit the Eleoorof^a. mvtr to fit and vote in the ElcAoral College, which had been op. pofed for iixteen Years. |fc. July II.] The Dukes of Burgundy and ^tr^h and the Chevalier tltSt. George t having taken the Field with the Dukeof /^enJ'/me, and laid Siege to Oudetiardt, were attacked near that Place by the Duke of MarJtoreugh und Ptince Eugene, and defeated, and forced to retire to Gieiu ; fix thoufand of their Troops were made Prifoners, and a greater Slaughter made apiong their Foot. jfun/l 12.] Sirycki Leai, with the Confederate Fleet, andfooie Xiiind forces on Board, arrived before Gagtimri, the Capital of Setr- «//«-, ^ ournt hy iccoidingly ftch Copi, jwoJutions Co •tdhcrMaiel J'^ytoin/Si [«./*«' 15.] ' ?«8cofifxVe ^ ^ (^ Z A AT rt Enemy rttirJ^tS^j^^ ^[' «^»»^« ao ooo M /^ Bnfflirt took upon him fK- o ^^'nn'Og of the >ifl!« ^«*«l Engagement. ^" '"'»*« Command of tie wj ^5,' J"' ^«'A*I Dr. ^*f W,/ i .L rS?"'^"' «foIv«d. that t\^ t» Sermon p^T£ t,\^^ « ^'-^ Ae mh^f j^i .Pr««^h«J ^^ ;*•'»« I>««Mfcrfk.n ™ ■»/ were banu o^fi^Week,. fll 2u:?'^/''"^^^rtd to t).« ai.:^ ., c.^** isT The?/" */J?^^^Re£rion "^^'^ ««««Mifi«. n '*' m '»i» |it EN'QL AN a ykb to\ A'i'rettjrof Padfictdoa wai entiered npoii uetrtimiktin Imw,'. wherein thp Dmttb Minifters ipuiaged the Affair for ^nct- ^^*in fnd the »ft of the Allies ; but broke off iheTtenty, becaufe tki Trmcb King lefafed (b affitt ita dttthtwaing hit Orandfoa, King PLi |b contribute liii Quota of Money towards dethroning his Grandfon, if he refufedtoqaitSy^f* } bat Biftiop Butntt itAMet, that the Briti^ Miniftry were 4eteraii^d at that Time not to maice Peace, ontii Ti^ane*^ la welt.M jS/irf*, Aoutd be tonquered which was the Reaibn ^ that thefe a^nnuigedus Terms were remfed. ^ " A^, 1 1 .} TheKidg t>f Spain, Cbarlitlll. having obtained a Vic- 9 tmty over his Rival King Philip at Sarttgoffft, took Poffeffion of Ma- 4tid ag4in I but no^ bein^ reinforced, wag obliged to retire fi'om thence again, and quit that Capital to l^is Rival. i Stpi HThe BarlOf C«dolpbint Lord Trcafurer, Lord Chancellor Cnt^tr; and the whole Mit^iftry were chanp;ed at this Time ; and "^t, H«riep, ^it'EMtX of RKhffttrt atitd their Friends introduced in their Stead. A^alnH: which the Directors of the Bank at (iome, and ^e Jmpfriai aiid DktcB MiniflCrs froiqi Abroad, reprefented the difm^I Vc^Af^Q^Dces, that ^ere likely to attend this Change, to hv Majefty. Dpe. I.] The Army of the Allies in Spain dividing in their Retreat from Madrid towards Catalmia, Gendral Stanhope, with eight Bata-r lions of ^fff/i^Foprand eight Squadrons of Horie, was furroanded |>y the Freneb ziid Spaniards in Brihnfg^., and made Prifoners ; but Ci^n^ral St^rtmhticg, with the other Part of the Army, engaged the ^rtHfb and Spaniardt next Day. and defeated them ; after which Sta- fv^^ continued his March to Cata/MfVr. Great Frauds were difcovered in vi^ualling: the Navy at this Time, die Seanien being^^heated of half the Proviwms the Government al- lowed thein, Mr. Harln was ffabbed by Count Cari^dri^ a frtneb Refugee, ia ^9 Cquncil Ch^mbier y but the Wound did not prove mortal. In the Year ijH, it was refolved to build Fifty New Churches in Xmi;» and Wtjlminjltri aod the Queen promoted the pafling of an AAof ^rliament in order to dffea it. The Prince of Ntijau^ ^tholder of FrieJUmi, Father of the hte iprince of Orange, was drowned, as he paiTcd over a Ferry near iMir< dji^t in hi9 Coach, on the sd of Jitly 1711. Ilfr. ilf(^^#r arfiy^ at hondeniiom Fttrnt't with Propoftls of Peace, inJngiffi^ 1711. ^ flro^ig SquadfOnof Shipt, wi(h Land Forces on board, com- imanded by Sir Hovendtn ffafbtr, hpitiz fent to Nnv-B^g/and, to afliA ^e Northern CQk>qies in the Redu^ion of ^thttk, the People of attu ^ng/andv/ere fo dilatory in their Preparations, that the Seafon tpr failing up the River St. Lmurtntt was paflcd. and feveral of tk ^Vi^nff 0/(4, with boo boldiers oa bqard, were cad away in the Mouth trtd' icauCe IfttCtt- > of the offered indfoiit > Briti^ >, ontil Reftfon *-^. of Ma- tin thence \ :hancennr me; «<* oduced in loine, a«4 rented the Bgc, toh«» leir Retreat sight Batu. (ttrroonow foners ; bat bgage<**' ' which Stt- It thiaTJme, lexntattx al- iRefagee* »• ICharchei « ■pafling of » Lof tbetate - near ^^' Lu of Pe»«' board, com- Iw. to aflA Ihc People o» It the Seafon feveralof »J*1 "iDihcMou*, E Tf G L AN' D. '51$ l^f that Rivtr; whorcupoa the Flept Teturaed IP Si^Uni ^thopt* ffi«aiiig«i>yThiag. ^^ . The (amc Yctf» w/s. on the ttth of OSfokf, i.fi 1, Cbarfei Iff, King of f^f«> WM ckOfd SmGcror by the Nane <7r C^«r/r« VI. H^ dilfusdcd the Princes of the Empiie.. xdA the Dtacb Tioin eateriog intoaT?cMx of Peace with Fr4meti and Baron Btihmar, tiie VSi niiler of Hmisvtr, prefented a Menioriai'^o the Briti^Qomit amint her Majefty*s treaang of Peace : Mr. . St. 7«iftir, S^rcterjf ^ ht^ however notified to the Foreign Miaiftera at tiwd^, that the Qtieca had appoiaifd the Confcreitcsa to begin at l//;vr^/ on the iff of y«v numry O. S. <* The Commons addrcfled her Majefty, and affitred 1i«r tliejr had aa enure Confidence in her Wiidoni and GoodncTs, in fetding thi^ Termi of Peace ; but the Lords advifed her to make so Peace, unWfs (Sa^ frtiieh give apStminznd the ^tfi-ltuties. Det.zi.] Aooutthe fame Time, the Commons reprefented ts her Majefty: that the Duke of MarHertu^ had converted to hif own Uie above half a Million of the Publick Money ; aikl thait Sir Ibhtrt WalfoU had taken a thoufand Gnineas of the Contraaonfor Forage in Seo/lmul : Whereupon the Dake and Dutcheis of Mori- kiHMgk were turned oat of all their Places, which brought tbemia upwards of fixty-two thoufand Pounds pir Jhmum^ bcfidcs what tlie Dake made abroad, which amounted to as mnch more ; and Sir !?•- btrt WalftU was expelled the Houfe of Commons, andlfeiit to die fitvir. Prince E»gtnexA Sanof was fent over to Enilani^ abotit this Hme^ bj die Emperor, to diAiade the Qjieen from concluding a i'^eace. Twelve Peers were cicated, Or called to the Houieof Lords, ia dte Month of fittsmbirt that tl^e Court inight have a Majority in that Honfe. The firft general Conference, on the Treaty of Peace, was hdd at Vtrtcbt on the 1 8lh of Jiuiuary^ 1 7 1 1 . i z. M»cb 4.] The Commons reprefented to her M^elly the Injufiiee of her Allies* in throwing their Share of the CHhrges of the War ■pon Enghnd I {hewing, uiat oar Expence at t|ie Beginning of the War did not amount to foar Millions ; whereas it was now increalcd 10 near feven Millions, by the Deficiencies of her Allies : That the States-General were frequently defioient two Thirds of their Quot^ of Shipping, and that in the Ktthrlmds they were deficient 20,000 lien, and had withdrawn almoft all their Forces from Spain ; and that the Amfiriam, whom it concerned moff, had but one Regiment there ; whereas the EngU/h maintained fixty thoufand Men in Sfmn and Poriugmit and the Charges of Shipping for that Service amoaated to eight Millions Sterling ; and that England had expend^ above her Quota in t^is War, nineteen Millions ; all which the late Miniftry connived at, and, in niany Inftapces contrived an4. encouraged typos private Views. March 17.] A Proclamation was iflued in this Month, offering t Reward of lOo /, 10 any one that ihoul^ difcover a JS^iuwi, Genua. • " ' • men !!• S- N G L AND. j^fo o^ted, who infcfted the 3treet> of Lle in die Street with tneir dnwn Swords. A Nephew of Prince Mfuti0^$, it is faid, was one of them, who had his firaus beat out by a CJiairman with his Pole. ■ 1712.3 The Doke of OmW, who was conQitated Qeneul ia Fimadirtt in the Ropm of. the Duke of Mar/hroifgb, declared to Frince Sygnut that her Maiefty, having a near Profped of Ppa^ce, had given him Orders rot to aA ofFenfively ; and on the 6ta of j««, 1712, die Queen cooununicated t;he Ternis Qf Pe^ce (o ehc Pariia. mcnt ; whereby NtivfounJlanJt Neva Seaiia, New Britain, and At/. Je»^% Baj, were yielded to Great Britaimt&tkA Gibraltmr and the ifland iiSMhiorttit with Port Mabm, were confirmed to this Crown: And lioth the Lords and Commons thereupon aflured her Majffty, that tliey relied entirely on her Wifdom to hnifli the great Work ot Peact flie had entered upon. The Fr4n(h having agreed to deliver op Dunkirk to thi Brit^ Forces, Brigadier WU was fent from England with 4000 Men to take FoflciSon ofit, which he did on the 7th of Julyt 1712. Prince Engmt, with the Forces of the Allies and the Srii(/S^ Mer< fcnaricf, fcparating from the Duke of Ormsnd's^ Army on the ;dk, the Dake caufed a Ceflation of Arms between Gnat Britain and frantt to be proclaimed in his Camp the next Day, as the Fr$Kh General, Marihal Viilars, did in his Camp at the fame Time ; and the Duke of Ormcirt/ detached a Body of Troops to reinforce the Garrifonof Dunkirk. MatOt^l FiUart, onlhe iQth ofya/jr, O.S. attacked the Earl of Ji^rmarlt, who commanded a Detecnment of Prince Engtnt't Arm^, whkh he defeated, and took the Earl Pri- ibner with 3000 of his Men : He afterwards took Marcbiinnut what the Allies had laid up vaft Magazines, and made the Garrifon fn- (own of War : He alio took Douay and Sis»fii9f, with their Garri* fons ; which compleated the Number of forty Battallions the Frnek had taken or deftroyed, fince the Defeat at Dnain on the 19th of The Peace was figned at Utrecht by the Miniften of Great Briton and FroMtt, and by the reft of the Allies, except the Emperor aad Eoppire, on the 30th oi March, 1713- 1713 ] The Scaii being uneafy at the cxtcndingthe Malt-Tax M Se§t/ana, as well as at the Judgment of the Houfe otPecrs in Prejodiei •f their Peerage, demanded a Diflblution of the Unran i which being pot to the Vote in the Houie of Lords, it was carried, againft diiTolv* ins the Union of the two Kingdoms, but by four Voices. upon evacuating Cataimia by the Allies, the Calalatu pofTeftd themfelves of Baree/tnia, and declared War againft their Sovereign King P^i^jP* KJ^Aing the Indemnity procured tor thcL; by the Qgcoi q{ Great Britain, The 7>eaty of Peace was figned, between Great Britain and ^/m*, on the lithofyn/y, 1713. The principal Articles of Peace between Gre^t Britain aad Framt weif, that the Pfouflant Succeflion fliould take Place j tiM Frenft and «$l ^ N G L A N D. of Sitiiy iboaU be .«^ j ,""' and Sm^n urer* \u . ^ fwng the Writ, but «S U*"!**'' ^'My Wve Dw»° ^T" \ '■"nF Hi* w^n G L A N m^ fad, tad pmUamAA for that Pttrf>ofe{ on the yttitMvat wfacreef. Sir Tkmuu Mmmtr, the Speaker declared. That the Common* could Ml CMor wpoB a Work more pleafidg to themfdvcs^ than the pro. VidlQg « Ittfineat Revenue for hk Mi^eHy, in order m make hi* RdgB M eaix and profperoos as the Bet^inniog of it bad been fccore ani widiftfirued. The ILiag and Prince zrnyoiatGratnvich on the i8th of Srfttmier^ md M the. 19th there was a great Court ; but the Duke of Omund^ whP oune to nay his Doty among the reft, was not fnffered to fee bis y^^dtj \ ana it wu ob(erved, that all the late Miaiftry were frowned upon, a^ tKMed as Enemies to the Proteftant Snoceffion ; nor were ml Onbibom tbonght better of, though they had (hewn themfelves OtrCtPdy datiM at his Majefty''s Accmon. and uoanimooily agreed to Icttlt a iLcvenoe oa his Majci^, p^uai xa that of the late Queen's. A J^ctamatioa was iffned for diifolving that Parliamcnc, his Majefty n6t voach&fiag them the Honour of meetina them once. It is not jlKKih itQ be doubted, bat the Miniftry, which the Lord Ox/on/ \itd i^pplanted, had reprefented all their Enemies as his Majeily*s Ene- 2 lies, an4 were determined to have their Heads : Which made the (Dople i^preheafive, that there was a Defign to make an Alteration in the EccJefiaAical Conftitution^ and might be the Occafion of foine Kiots, and demolilhing two or three Meeting- houfes. And we faw a Pamphlet pablifhed at this Time, direAly charging the If^iift with a Defign of deftroying the Conflitution both in Church and State, and pretending to foretel, that fooic Qaufes in the AQ of Settlement wpold foon be repealed. In the mean Time a Proclamation was pub. liflicd for a new Parliament to meet ; atMl the People direAed to chufe iiich Perfops at had (hewn the greateft Firmnefs to the Pratifimut Sue C'cilion, nubtn it wtu in Dangir ( His Majeily being pcrfuaded, that the late Queen, as well as her late Miniftry, were engaged in a D>:- iign to bring in the Pretender ; though thil* is g any one that ihould difcover his Accomplices. Jprityt iTzoJ ^n Afi oafled to enable the Seiah Sea Company ft» increafe their Capital StocK, by redeeming the Publick Debts. And another AA for fecnrtn^ the Dependance of IrtUnd upon the Crown of Qnat-Britaim ; and it was declared, that it was lawful to appeal from the Court* nf IrtUmd to ^'o/iAo'i Eugland, and particu- Lrly to the Englijb Houfe of Peers. Upon paffing the abovefaid A£U for redeeming the Publick Debts, Ae South-Sea sStock rofe to ^xoptr Cent, and on the 28th o( Jpril, 1 Sttbicription was opened at 400, and by the 2d of June the Stock rale to 890, and upwards ; but the King going over to Hanover on tiie 15th of June^ and many of the Courtiers that went with him, And others withdrawing their Money out of the Stocks, they began tt> fall : However, the Diredors engaging to make vtry large Divi- dends, and declaring, that every too/, original Stock, would yield Jo/, per Ann. it role to 1000/, afterwards, and continued near that rice to the End of July almolt ; but, before the End of S*ptemiir, the Stock fell to i {o /. whereby Multitudes of People were ruined, who had laid out all the Money they had, and all they could bonow} and a great many ail the Money they were entrufled with, to boj Stock at 8 or 900/. for every 100/. And though the DireAon only were punilhed for abufing the People's Credulny, they faid, is their Defence, that the Courtiers compelled them to proceed in the Manner they did, and th^: many of them nuoe much greater Foi' Cnnes than arty of the DircAors. The Mijpjfif^ Company, erefled in f ranee by Mr. £«ignnjent j ^»v. 6.] [*>* made voU AW/. 21,1 ffeafon,. •*"/. ,7,3. J ■-.*. i late tant, and vards ward, niaking good the g««S,1ff^^"«« :?^'*«'' <^^4^^ S^ fct Company, ^d for dif«bW^*"„^g»2«gefpfbine3rK £!>S Trutf, or to fit or vote in KSk *° ^W any OfficTftr'wE "4 ^ In the Moarh of ^ ^S'SS-. " ' -?" .**i^ J»^« of Pox was firft tried aix£^'^15P'*"^lof J«,|^^*- ;, , ^_..; Pox was fiift tried onriT^'J- Kstpcrhnefnt of J»o«?iA^% * ♦. .. «*er, were driven fmm ♦k '^.*^' ^« *e PJantrft fc^r '^''"'' '* ««»ii«S^fa rtjlt''? >*jO.'v*J"D„te of*, « UcDuke orkTS^r''^''^*^on SolWciorSf 2? ^''^' '"^ *« Wg' m Wff L'^'^ '^•» <^o™«'ittX the 7W ^ '" '^ P'o* * h-Uent.tt fc'S^^^n?^ ^?ve histn^r^^^ir^?//? Ins I ■|, —ir^"'J. r.iq; was aobrefii 338 W- N G t A N p. A% ^7'] Chrijlophtr Layer, Efq; was executed at Tylntn^ May tj. J An Aft pafled for fuppr rffing a pretended privilejj? d Place called the Mtnt in Southwarkt where Debtors ufed to bid De- fiance to their Creditors. . Several Afls pafled to inflift Pnins and Penalties on John Plmket, George KeHy. and Francis Lord Bifliop of Rochrfter. The Confeffion of one Neynoe, who was dead, was read as Evidence a£;ain(l them, tho'it was neither iigned nor fwomto by the Deceafed. 1 he Sentence againft the Bifhop of Rochtfttr was. That he fliould be deprived of all his Gflices, Dignities, Promotions, and Benefices fcclefullical, and be ii^r ever rendered incapable of any ; and fliould be forever baniflied; and, if he retu-ned, Ihould be adjudged guilty of Felony without Benefit of Clergy. P'iunktt and Kelly were to be impufoncd during Plcafure. Sept. 12 ] Wx.Sealrighty 'Mr. ¥omfrJfon, Mr. Da'. decc/r.n had done b.fn^^-^''*^*''"*^* ^"'"'^t^ rw««r'''l."S '^^ that the Houfe orPeertdfu? •' .\^ ^'""^^ <"<> ««'« c5 wl '"'•'''"" Tifted of receiving ftolencitdslni"^''"^"^ Thief taker, was con ' i% 27.1 'i-kf or^r r T. ' *"'' executed. *^^"- f,n ',1 ^ "■" *""* «" ComMnv^^ ?%«■'. amoimtir,r to 4000/ 340 ENGLAND, took Refuge in the iidiuie of Mr. Staid/opt^ the Eniii^ Ambaflkdor « Mairiit from whence he was uken by Force ; which occafioned a Difference between the Couru of Grtat Britaim and Spaim. May.} An A&. paired for lodging the Money of the Suitors to Chancery in the Bank. The Imptrinlifii prohibited the Importation of the Woollen Ml- nufa£tare9 of GrtM Britain into Sicily. July ic] John Hemley, M. A. procarcd a Licence from the Qoarter Scffions, to fet up a Conventicle or Oratory, and threw off his Gown. Jug. 17.] Sir John Jnningi, being fent with a Squadron of Men of war to lie upon the Coaft of Spain, the Spamiardtt by their M«> morial, demanded the Reafon of it. The Eaft'lndia Company obtained Charters of Incorporation for ttieir Towns of ^eai^i^, Mmdroiy and Fvrt William^ in Jndia. The Princefs SotbiaDontky, Conibrt of the late Kine Gterge, by whom he obtainea the Inheritance of the Dutchies of ZeJl and Lam' iurg, died at the Caftle of jihltn in the EleAorate of Matnvir, where (he had been confined many Years on Sufpicion of fome Gallantriet with Count Qmimgfmark. The Swedes, acceding to the Treaty of Hamver, had a Penfioa of 50,000 /. per Aamm granted them. The Court of Spain demanding Gibraltar to be delivered up, bjr virtue of a Promile made them by King Getrge, as was pretended, on the Refufal of the Court of Grtat Britain to coimply wKh it, ordered all the EffeQs of the Englifli Merchants in Spain to be feized, and {Maj 20, 1727.) laid Siege to Giiraltar s but Preliminaries for a gene- ral Pacification were concluded at Pariu between Great Britain aod the State/ Gener^d on one Part» and the Emperor and Spain on the other ; whereby it was agreed, that £he Commerce of the O^endCom- pany with Jrdia fhould be fufpended for feven Years, that all Privilera of Commerce (hould be reftored, that Hoftilities fhould ccafe, andue Squadrons of Men of War return Home. The Klne embarked (orHoMver on the 3d of Jnne, but died in tin Night of the 10th at Ofnabrug, on his Journey thithier, in the 68tli Year of his Ace, and 1 3th of his Reign, leaving no other IfTue bat liii prefent MajelTy King6V«r;« II. and the late Queen of Frvffia, June II, 1727.1 His prefent Majefty King Getrge II. fucceedcJ his Father ; but the late King dying Abroad, he was not proclaiffld until the 15 th Inilant. Sir Bohert Walptlt was made Firft Coromiffioner of the Treafarj, And held the Pofi of Prime Minifter in moft Part of this, as well as ii the preceding Reigr.. July 3.] It was refolved by the Commons, in the firil Seffion ofj Parliament of this Reign, That the entire Revenues of the Civil Lif (which produced xoofiool. per Ann, above the Sum of 700,000!^ E -anted to his late Majefty) fhould be fettled on his prefent Majefty fi( if« : And four Days after they refolved,That a Revenue of ioo,oooiij per Ann. fliould be fettled on her Majefty Queen Caroline during h iife, in Cafe fhe fhoold furvive the King. By which Sir iZa^/,wb was t fbJfii) Adt BelU, The Time, ved of between h mud Crowns back the pi'/Zoft, ^ri/, being /ett tiofc Pow finitive Tt Mav.] forePor/9, fleet lofl I ^onn, an« The Par Ctrelina of The Cbn. Aw. Great w t4th of TbeAffen «J»Time, "J^iglantf I warned toi ftwce/V/^ *»,;oyalHig V*rei 18.] preffiag hh R, eonfent to it. «) jed to addn S:^"' anj } «« Motion was \ul?\9'l Hoi |». that he *2*'« undouh |*y«rtor. ^ Aft pafl-^ ^ ^ O L ^ la rs )W». the firft Mover of thefe«s„«i. ^ " ^' Ut and nowd to JSJ?*!'***' ^n Ae Houfe of P^ iw?''"™*"* ^o^ldl ■>.. - ■ V IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ..* ^ 1.0 l^u lii ^S "» M 12.2 II S Itt 12.0 Ctl u MM*. ■B li^B Mil Fhotographic oOBIlGcS Carporation 13 WIST MAM ttMIT WIMTM.N.Y. MSM ) A^^f^ iatoru and GmarJtam, and was the Aathor of fome of them, bring aifiiled by the mofl celebrared ^it> of the Age, and pnticalariy by Mr. AJdiJtu. He wa» Secretary*tp Lord C«//^ who gave him a Cap. taitiS Comimiffion ; ami he afterwwdt made his Fortanc by marr} ing A Wtith Lady, «bo hitd an Etiate of 6 or 700 /. pirArnt, out al^a^i lived above ic. He was Member 'of Parliament for Sntlhridg*. Oa. «8 ] A Peace was concluded at S»v'tlit in SftAn^ On the ^tl) 0fAW. N.S. hempen (Jteai BnMirr, fritnee\ and Sf^iii; whereby it was agteed, that C'ommi.'hrtct ihoold be appctnted to dctermias wliat SUip» and EfTe^b had tircn taken on eiriier Side at Sea f and that $f)aiii fhe«ld to.ive Satisfaction given her for the ^fco of War taken anddcftffoyed by Sir Uru-gi Syrg near Siti/y, jtnmifiS. And that Sp0Mi^ Garxifens'iliouid be introdoccd xnitt Lrgktrn, Pmrnm^ andP/«. (ittim, in Italy, to (ecure the evrhtaal Suece^n of Don Carkiy tfia Kia^ of Sf*tn*% Son, to 'ivfany antl Parmm ; and the coQtrahfig Parties engaged to maintain l>on C»rkt in the qpiet Pbficffion'or diotii Tcrrieolies. Dttemiit.] 'Hiit Month was rrnmrkab!e. 1. for Storms r z. fbra ^trf fickiy I'ime ^ 3. lor continoal Rains and Jnandftiont i 4. for fuch a ^'iul(itude of Street- Robbers, »hat there was Ko Miiin^ ootia as Evening : whereupon a Reward of 100/. was ofitred for a^pre- Wndtng kny one pi them. « ' Murd.] A fiill for excluding Penfionen from the Houfc of Coai> flkMia was rejeclcd by Lnirds. . ^^ril lit 1730.] A Froclamation wil»ot« Feaiile jflii-, ^^^T.^^ UWwiAa 10 344 E N L A N D: at iIm TfaM af the Ekawn of the Sixteen Pfeen. daehring k aoi to Im • free EkAiim, as tliey were overawed bjr dioft Tloopt. Aaother Prbteft arat nude bjr agreit Namber of f<*/« Peers Mint a LM of Peen ca be elaaed, nnMe bjr the MkiMer, and agaial the andoe Meaes that Ind been nied to bdace the Peen to give didr Votes at the Eleaioa. < Odwn proCefted, that the BleAion was foid on Aocoont of the andne Inflaence that had been afed. > * - i%. I.] Trnm-ChuH, an /«««• King of the Cnth or Mtl». thimi ImdiMi, bronght from CmrtHmm by Mr. OghlUrft, had an Aadi> ence of hi* hfajeft/t whareia he defired to f»ew the Peace ba a mu hit Conntrjr aad Ornu BtHmm. Mbf xft 173(0 ^^ 7*^ ^*^** ^^^*^ ^*^ ^ Grand Fleet to Udmt to pnoieft the fmrtwgwft^ tha| Kingdom being invaded 1^ JmM a4.] The Cbort of King's Btaeb made a Rule for a MmUa, mm to ifloe, leqairiag the the Vice- Mailer of Trimiti College in Cm*. hUttt to icnd< the Sentence of Deprivation agunft Dr. Btmtk^f \ \m the Vioe-Mafter, being a Friead or the Doaor>, quitted hit O&e, and the Sentence wm never executed. The DbQor remained Midler of friniif Conege till he died. Oa. 1).] hir. O^hmrft embarked for Gnrn* a Acond Hm^ and with him the Reverend Mr. Jtbm Wtfin, FdW of UunU Col- lege in 0)fmd\ the Reverend Mr. Ckmrki W$JUy, Stodent of C^f. €Mnk College t nnd the Reverend Mr. Ingham, of ^yera't Collq{e, a* volnntary Miflionariet ; and< with them a great Number of potr tmMk FamiUee anberfced for the fame Country. Ut€. a8.] The Preliminary Articles, concluded about this Tias^ betweea the Bmfmw woA Frmia, (without the Privity of the JUWi- timt P9wtrt, or evaa of the Allies of Frmiint the Kii^ of Span mi Sm^Hmm) were of die following Tenour ; i . That Frmmtt flMHifd n- iore 10 the Empire all its Conquefti in Gtrmmnj. a. That the Rcvir. 4on of the Dutchy of 7mfiwf ihould be given to the Duke of Im' X. That the Emperor (hould enjoy the Mmttimnt Parma, sad rata. . the Miiaat/t, except f^igivamji* and Navara, which ihoold be givefl to the King of Samaia i hot that larraia (honhl.be anited to Frami, after the Death of King Staai/hm, who (hould poflefi that Daichjr for his Life. a. That King Stamifiaat (hould enjoy the Tide of KiM of P$laad, but that King 4agafia$ (honld noffids that Thraae. c. That Don Carkt (hould be acluiowledgcd King of Vi^t sad Skits* and enjoy all dM Bpaaii^ PUces on the Coaft of Vakaiy, widi the Ifland of E^\ and, 6. That fraat* (houM guarantee (he fri ,fm>k ^amaita. Pah. i6.1 This being die Day after die left full Moon befeie tk Equinox, tnere was a Spring-Tide, which exceeded near a Pod asd half all that had been known before } in WtJlmiaJkr-HaU die Coeacil were carried out in Boats to their Coaches. Uaftth a^l . kn Aa paffcd to repeal the Sutota of i Jat. I. is- dded, Aa Aa ngainft Conjuration, witchcraft, and dealing with cnl aad wicked Spiriu i and to repeal aa Aft pa^ in httlaml, iatided, datatU Wiuhtrmfli^ Jfnl Orma iheA AJ£ Jam •adln Ooean Udaci Geapoa aueadin thicw o thelafti |MnA^ AsCStyfc •tbe Pri Aayfound rmtma/, h Anns to dM y ttooy. on I *TP*' Ptrttt p V- lo.; 'neceatSt '""•St. ya, ./•«'. «o. uicadon it! {Btiwerof Jftucersofi^ ri»*oyajp iMtacooviacd l«»J«ilthe(ew? [*« Murder of £ g-i:^BirillJJjBir" ^ .^ ^ ff G L jt ff n iffy 14^ m N G L A N m Qatim%t>A Tbc #>iMri& Ambaffiidorat SiNdtttm-fi^ti a Trntf widiliw i'»ae thi* Winter ; whereby frjwgusrancecd the Pr4igmattc SanHitn^ i. e. the Pufleltion of aU the Avprtmt lihMni. akmi to the f emaie Heir» of tHc £aiperor. The HOufe of Peers sddvei£^ his MHJeiVy od the Convention thai lud been tnwte wi h umini(ns, though thev had ^uaraf\tcfd thf (0 (o his Ai*| ftritil ^lajclly artii liii (Icirs, WfJ* his ha n£iut. An i ofxhei iog thei A.£. \\nti, by li ht w.ii iii Encn fuadedth To wl K/b/vedti Britain as jjoircd. An Awl Mcfvd his ^ngaccei fovadling.' War was The Lon swi-feoefe it lM«»UDlefs to navigate }^y'» bomn Jl ff G L A H ji. Jftm .. i.J:"""°» »*>« Charity /ifM^l* WT* ftlct *» itil »4 14« B N G L A N t. i»ft lofe Bodjr llm>t|^ the princiMl Sticct»«rthe GItv, iridi te Toob aad Utmfita in Moaming, unploriAt, S«p|rfin mr didr Ne. csOllM I whidi aoved • gmt many Citiieiu to contribole Itrgeljr to thdrRdicf. * Mateh 13.] Captain Rmtm wrivcd BiqHcTs fion Admiral Vtnmf widi Advice diat Uie Admiral failed, on the 5th of NtvMiitr laft fio^ yMudcm tonrards Ptrtt-Bilhf on the Ifthmni of Dmritn 1 where he arrived c^b the aoch in the Evenii^ ; and attacking that Portreft on tho aift Inftant, the Governor capitulated on die 2fd»- and thfe 8«a« aMn had the Plonder of die Place diftribnted amoi^ them. Man k 17.1 Mrs. Sttfitm received the Five Thonfand Pona^ granted her by Paiiiament, forcommnnicating her Medicine for the Stone to the PaU(c. OS. 1740.] Cbsrhi VI. Emperor of Gtnumf, dying 09, to, N.S. the&ingofPni^ dechued he wonld fnpport the Pr^nadc SanAion, bnt thought fit however to invade the Qgeen of Hmiimf% Dominions inSiUJla this Month. Cbmltt Tmu'tt in S0iitb Amtrica was almoftbamt down thisYcaf) the Damage was computed at 200,000 /. Marth 10.] From the loth to Jfril 1, Admiral Vtrmm and Gc- aeral Wemhwnib deiftroyed all the ftrong Forts and Caftlcs in die Harbour of Cartbageam, and were preparug for an Attempt upon dto Town. Tinw 18, 1741.] Capt. ^ar^/ tempt on the Town of Oartbagna ; bat that, in the Coorfe of diat Expedidon, diey had deftroyed fix Spmijt Men of War, eight Od- leons, and fevend fmaller Ships. ' yufy\%.'] Admiral TmiMr and General JPWwwrf^ made an At' •enipc upon the Ifland of GiAr, and poffiifled themfelves of a fim HarDoar, which they named Gesi^/Mr/Haihoar : but were oU^ toqnit it on Account of the great Sicknefs hmong their Men. Ftb, 17] His Royal Hishneis die Prince or Walts waited on hn M^efty, and was received in the moft gradoos and afeftionili Manner. tftv. 1 8, 1 742. j A Treaty of mutual Defence and Guaranty, be* twnen the King of Great-Britain and the Kmg of fn^a^ was figmd by their refocAive Minifters. * Dt. II. J A Treaty of Friendfliip, Unhm, and DefenfiveAK* aace, bet«vecntheKingof6r»4tf-^ri/«li» and the Empitfii^of Jli/% was figned at Mp/tfw bv their refpedhve Minifters. JvH 16, 1743-] The Alliedf Army, commanded by the Kmtflf I Great-Britain, fought the Fremb, under the Command of Manii NeaiUett at Dettiagem, and obuined a ViAory } the Lofs of the /VwA was about 40C0, and that of the Allies 2000. Feb. 10] An Engagement happened in the Medite^raiieaat betWRi iSbt Conftfterate Fleets of Fraate and Sfaia and thofe of Great- Britah, under the Command of the Admirals Maibewt and LeMecii wherda, ■otwidiftanding the Superiority of the Si>lfi/lb, the/rnw^and ^\ miardt got off with very little Loft. 1 mete lifeSet- PottBttt ! fiortte Oil. M. I andGc- lc» Withe Kopotttke itli Advkt in th«« At. nrfeoftkat ei^Ckl. [aide uiAt* letof »*• ^eceobttfeA utedoaUi M'> ^V^W declared War againft /fMM. $4f die ^rtfii,] llie PM^cane to a Refclntioa to iend so lioi of War ID 4w Affiftmce of Grtta-Brinum, Jmt 14.1 Gf«w i#i{^, Elq; arrived M 8c ll«A»*s from Cmm in Ohm, having iniilwd kU Expedition roond the World, in which h« Ml iaunenfeTNtfiure. jhril ao, 1 74$.] His Royal Highneis the Duke of CmnMmwi at . B HiuAci th« AUied Army, ItttadEed the Frtmb m their lotrench- befiMe Tmrmtijt but was obliecd to retire with the LoTsof 700P Men t the Loft of the Ftweb, by aeir own Accoanti, bdog upnaida of 10,000. Jmu t5.] The.Town and Fortrds of Lomjkt^, in the Iflaad of G^ Brtttnt furrandered to Commodore Warren and Mr. FtfftrHt after aSi^of 49 Days. A?> '90 A Prodaaadon was iffoad, oieriog a Reward of jobooo/. to any Peribn who ihoold iidxe and fecore the eldeft >S(m of ^ Pretender, in Cafe he flioold attempt to land in«ny of his Ma- jeftjr'i IXiminions. jfaf. at .1 The Pretender's ddeft Son landed ibme Days ago be- twsen the Iflaads of MmU and Skft^ in Company with fevenl rafima iioB Fumtt { aqd foon after a Rebellion broke out in StttUfid, S^t. 4.] A confiderable Body <^ Higbbuukn having joined the yooiig Pretender, they marched to Ptrtbt where the Pretender his F«- dMT was firll proclaiined King. ^*pf* I?*] Theymsrchr^ to EMaiwrgh, took Poffeffion of that Cinr, and proclaimed him King there. S^, SI.] The Rebels attacked and defeated the King's Troops, cmmanded by Sir J»bm Ctpe^ at Prr^m Pam near EHmburgk, Ktv.^.'] The {^tender's Son, at the Head of about 9000 R«* Ui, including Women and Boys, with 16 Pieces of Cannon, marched fion EMmbargb to CarU^^ which they befiegcd and took on tho ifth ( the a4th they marched to lamtaJUr % the ]Oth they reached Uaachtfttr. Dk. 3.] They reached Ajhhtwm \ and on the 4th they entered 0d^, and therebw flipped the King's Army, which then lay at Sttm • Siafir^rt : Ikit oemg informed that the Duke had got Intelli- |(anof their March, and chat by forced Marches hehadahnoft iCKhed Nartbamftmh they only frefted at Dtrhj two Days, and dien Bwched back a^un, the Way they came, (0 SttrUag ; which Caftto BMf baiegcd. u the mca« Time the Duke of Cawivriaiii marched with his Anaj, 10 Carii/Ut which furrendered to him on the |oth. fan \f.} A large Body of the King's Troops, commanded by Lisattnant-General Hawbf* attacked the Rebels near FalUrb, and '*^^m 7««-3i] The Duke ofOnnAirAM^having marched to A&t«i»y£. «'-'jTS!|teoot widihia Army to the Relief of 5/»r% Caftle } upon which '^l tSi^l*^ ^"^ '*^ ^ ^'*i'' *^ ''^^ "^ V**^ Coafttfiott by Pmk nttt^ ^r^mn i$mtr^t which they afterwvds quitted, and marched to lamtratfi. HitM took m N a t jn t). Mk Fofld&te«f dttt Q\xy,.M. i8. sad hidBifl|^ co^ €MttJt FtL'i Prince WilUam of H»£i-CafiU lamle^ In SittUui with 6006 l/Icn. and marched to )he Relief of the CalUe of Bhir. Mmrth 6.] Tiie Rebel* took Fort Jiigufim$t and laid Siege lo Fort WiUism. •^HS* >74^-] TheRebels were obliged to raHe the Siege of Fort Af>rii\e.1 Thi» Day hi* R<^al Highnefft the Dake of CmmMnJ obtained a com|deat ViAory over the Rebcb near GJ/otlen, and there- hf pat an End to the RebdJioa i moft of the principal Oilicersof the Rebels being killed or taken Prifoners, with about i^qo of their Men, and Uie reft entiraly difperfed 1 the Lofs of Kin^** Army being very ittctmfidenible. y«/y 30.] Several Rebel Officers, amongft whom were TinnrAf, FJtUMr, and Daw/im, were executed on Kemihgftn Cammim^ for High Tredbo ; and the Heads of Tewnley and FUuLer were aftervranij placed npon Ttmflt'BaTf and the others fent to be pat up ae ManthtJ^ir andCsr^. jtmg. i8<] The Lords Kilmartuek and Sa/mtrin$, who were con* ▼iAca of High Treafon in being concerned in the late Rebellion, were beheaded on Taveer-^biti. S^*.] This Month the young Pretender, with many of his Adhe- leatH' retired oat of Se9t/minfiato frMnce. D«c. 8.] Cbmrlet Ratiliffe, Efqt Brother- to the late EarLof Btr- i u at no a t*rt was beheaded on Tirwrr ■/£•/// for High Treafon. Afrilt)^ 1747] SimoH Lord /«««/ was beheaded on ^owtrMi ftr HighTiealon, in being concerned' in the late Rebellion. Mtj a.] The Prince ot Or«»|rwas inllalled Stadtholdcr, Captain- General, and Admiral of the United Provinces. Mtj 3.] The Admirals Anjim and ^f'trrtn took fix Frmci Men •f War, and foor Eaft-hdia Ships fitted as Men of War. Jmu 17.3 An h€L paffid for aboliifaing the heretablc jorifdiAion in Stotlmnd. Jmu 21.] A Battle was fought at the Village of f^aiat^r Mm}- inthtt between the Allied Army and the French, wherein the foticer ware defeated, and Sir 7«/ftjv£f;Mf/r taken Prifoner. Ob. 14,1 Aear> AdiDiral Hmwie took fix large Frfmb Men of Wi'. J Ftt- I b. J An A6t pafied to revive and make perpetual an AA to prevent frivolons and vexatious Arrrfls. ^ I lUrtbz^t * 748.1 A dreadful Fire broke out in Conttil/, wbick «0Bi4imed upwards of 10 Houfes ;. for which vaft Coilefiibna werc| nadibvihe Merchants, &e. and given to the Sufferers. Jfftl 30. 7 his Day the Preliminaries for a General Peace were| £gitcd at jHx-'/a Chapetlt. May 5.] A Proclamation was iflued for cenfmg H6(lilities »itk| Frama. ymlj ft.] A Co'refpondence was oper^J agnin with Framt. ^"t^fi") 'P^i' Month and lall great N unibcri of Locnils were fcC Ja atany raiM of £/»f AiW. An4 4 a KAt been ror tli4 M>rks. D,e. Debt/i wAkht fa.\ hereon medes V«'«wa« this Day a '3«li of ^; c .f^1> «. Sale in this S/fiemier b *wnagea. , '754.J i '>y9°0Fre\ March zr\ ttt&ed JForl «» a Me/jJ 4eceflary to ^y ofFon. , win the Wc l«^*i»Ariny, 1 5* of this mJ «. H'hohadr [•ijchputan |.'*-f«y*J Al l%/«i/tiiis M .*« foon artel Ptooorportjj V 8.J ^ '^'"^cM, a| Wf^aj, if ■frk.?:,v w pv' *t •if:M OQOQ oFort of Fort thtrhmi id there* tsofdie nr McDt :ingwy foTHigh ifterwtrdt , were coo- lUoo, were i his Adhe- iarlof Dff- in. Ifrtnf* Wen Jarifdia»«« ^/ neiT J"''/" in the foncn Menof^'=''- i\ peace «»* |,Fr/imr. 4 ii: il^ G t 4 19 ia f ; iAfi^l9 Af ffcbupiat^ was iflaed &r ceifii«||Bmfiaci «MI 5/^n aad G«««a. ,. Off. 7.) TM 0eibiliT« Treaty for t Gntral Pcacs «ii ipied ttAix-laCbapdkt to which »I1 the Powers at War acccdad.^ By wlUchaRpftitniidiiof aU Place, ukea, daring tha War, waiio Imvc been made oa ail Sides. F*b>\ A Prodamation tflusd for prochioiiiig a Oeneral Peaec. Jfril 2f, 1749.} Wai obferv.d as a Day of pablic Thaakfgiving for the General Peace 1 and a few Days afwr the niagni£c«Qt fitt- woiloi* premucd on that Occafion in the Gnm Park, were piMrcd cC. Dtc. ao.J An AApafled for redadnethelntereftof the National Debt from fear k> three and a half /750*] An A& pafled for the Encouragement of the tritiJbWbiti HtmtigFi/itry. Oa. 5. N. S.] A Treaty of Commerce between Grtmt Sritmm ami ^f« was figned at Madrid. Uartbto.'\ His Royal Highnefs Frtdtriek Prince <^ ITaUt died diis Day at Wtctjitr Ikufi : and was bwied in tytfimimfiu-Ahbtj on the 13th of y^/r/7 folk) wing. ilia; 22, 1751.] This Day an hSi paiTcd for adopting the Ne«r Stile in this Kingdom, by which 1 1 Days were anoihilatcd, the 3d of ^(^/m^/r being counted the 14th. , . • Jiryf 7, 1753.] An Ad pafl(:d this Day to prereat Clandefiine Marriages. 1754.] Major Wafltimgttn, with a Body of )oo Men, was defeated by 900 French on the 3d of jufy, and the Major taken Prifoaer. MMTcb 25, 1755O Tiie frtKci having n>ade Encroachnaents, and crcded Forts upon the Pofleflloos of the King of Grut Britain ta Nirtk Amtriea fince the Treaty of Aix-la-CbaptlU, the King this Dav feat a MelTage to his Parlian-.ent fo acquaint them, that he found it qeceflary to augment his Forces by Sea and Land. 7«^,i ' General Bratidsck was fent againft the Frinth witk a laxgt Body of Forces : but falling into an Ambofcade of /'rvncifr and /W/- «nin the Woods near Fort Dyque/ne on tha Ohi«, an advanced Party ofkisArmy. eonfifting of 1200 Men, was entirely defeated on the l^tbof this Month, and himfelf (hot through the Luiiffs. The Gcn«- nl, who had five Hories (hot under him, died in three Days tikm^ •riiich put an End to the Expedition. I Jugmjk'] An Account of General Braid»ck\ Defeat arriving ia litr/Md' this Month, an Order was iffued for feizing all Frtneh Slups 1 lira foon after great Numbers of their Merchantmen were bfou^t 110 our Ports by our Mun of War. %tpt. 8.] Major General John/an defeated a Body oiFnuchtfgm nwu Pfini, and killed about 1000 of them. Mtird 23, 1756.] The Kin^ fent a Meifage to Both Hbafiw, k« linting them, (bat 1^9 had rcceivvd Advice (» the Intentions of the* frtmk: '■* t ^ at A A Pmt$ m iMM^P Gnm Brkaiii or IrtUmii whiieipMI ili|^ praailM imdV l>i*l^aie(hrwith their Lives aadPonHM. j^/i8 ud 19.] The /rW landed 1 i,oao Meft ia Wn^rtmt \m ofdeftoattaekPortStFAr///. . Mm 18.] An Accoant ot whidi arriving in Ra^mit Wlv was Aii Dajr declared agaiaft fWnra. AnAA paffedthifSeflSkm to oblige all Perfom topa^aa anaaa] Duty of 4 i. )fbr every 100 Ooace* of Silver Plate in tncir Poflciion, up to 4000 Ounces, except Plate afed fin- Divine Service. Jim 29.] Mitnrem taken by the French, after a vigORWi Defence made by ueneial Bltkentf, now Lord Blaktntf. March 14, 1 757.] Admiral Jtbn Byng was this Day Ihot on Board the MtnarMu in Partfmath Harboar, for not doing his otmoft (0 ca. gage the Fmcb Pleet^ commanded by M. GtJ^tntrit in the MhR. t$tTaimu$t %w t).] Colonel Qivt defeated S»^a Diwla, Nabob of Bn* gti, Bmhmr, and Orixa, and placed y«fitr AIfy Cmvm in die ancieat Seat of the Nabobs of thofe Provinces. Sunya Dtvolm^ who was jb the Frtaeh Intereft^ Was, a few Days after his being defeated, taitca by^ the new Nabob Jttfftr Altj Griv»*s Son, and pat to Death. By this great Event the EmKJh Bm/ Jiu6m Company, their COondl at Bt*ialt Colonel CHvt, t^c, eot immenfe Treafore. Sipt. 8.1 A grand Expedition, confifUng of thif^ Men of War, Bombs, Firefliipst Cffr. with a great Nomber of Tranfports, haviag on Board 10,000 Land Forces, fiuled this T^w fitm St. H«lltn*% Ibr Rdhfort, with Orders to deftroy, if praAicable. aH Ships, Dodci, Magasines, and Arfenals at, or near that Hace. This Expedition wst conduAed with fo much Secrecy, as to en^ge the Attention of all f •. rtptt and all the Succefs imaginable was expeAed fnm it 1 but, oa the 6thof Otf. Admiral Hmah, with the Men of War and Trasfpom, returned \i6 St. HeUiii\ no Attempt having been made by the Trobpi to land on the Coaft ofFraricn for which Sir John Mtnlmmt, Com- mander in Chief of the Land Forces, was afterwards tried by a Cooit Martial, and acquitted. D«e. 28.1 Died Princels Carolint, his Majefty*s third Danghttr, for whom there was a general Mourning for three Months. ^ri/ 1 1, 1 7 $8.] A Treaty of mutual Defence was agreed to Iw* tween his Majefty and the King of PruJ/la 1 in Coniisquence of whkh. the Parliament voted 670,000 /. to his Pn^m Majefy {, and ai6 voted large Soms^ amounting in the Whole to near two NfiOion, kt die Payment of 50,000 of the Troops of Hamvtr, Utft Qifii, Auf* G$lhat IFtl/tmbttlt, BmcUehetrg, who, by this Treaty, are all to ad, under the DireAions of the King of Prmjlm, for the Dcfenc» of di PfMi^nt Intereft in Gtrmtun. 7b»#6.] The 18,000 Land Forces, under the Command ofhiiGraei the Duke of Marlhortagh, landed at Camcalh Bay, on the Coaft of' /rMTf. 7 Miles from St. Mmlcts. They were 6 Days on Shore } doriag which Tiipe, they burnt and defboyed a great mvny Stores, and op- wafdaof 100 Ships, among which were i French Men of War, noi* Aan 30 Privateers, that were under the Cannon of St. M'^^ts. WALEl Hm.] yattt •letter COOUBOq GtUftto «adtSetr >i»Peopte« *«nce flffl "^ appro Ma of p^ ^ *«r fend LfeJ The ?S with I »«foniedwi ■- «*. H, ?;>»«• Ai '»*WeisI V** who j i^VlatrcDcL ^tntgd^ ..'J Ti, '*>< folic %, * ■""—"■"van "^ "■'•»" ,■■ s* ■ " nk -*■ < : n^-^ L E s. ^""•J ^"^"^ Oi aril • L ""■w tkintli. .-!?**". ™*««"i^ whkk divide it fivm £(r|/m^ oiiki SkMtb^i aadbfdwih^ Seaandwf/^«MwOcelo» Weft. Sbirei. Coantiet and'odiec, Chief Towns, Sabdivifiom. 1, mUdtngnm -^ itfjt-lifkim > . ■ i Oii*^ and i^i^/m ^ Bb,.,., I yThtMtrt uABki/i. 1 t Arw»Vi, D^ and >iiiir««M— -J grj, oilaMdftttMif^ri Indtr. ~'turickF$rtfi -^7^ ^#/iiVi. ^ &4 N. U|.;j5.jo.l yl 9tif0^3^'Lmi\ if Lmrk. -.^ •*-«* y Qmmiigkmm — J| JKe«e. | m j»7. -*,. w Shires. f 2. Bm and 15. Catbne/t c«««..-^, . "^ -A^ ft Chief ««Adivifibn5 Chief ili^' H '"-^^^MJm, hj^XF*- ' ^* fr*'. A-/-" it A-^^' ■•' tk eur«« m%- 'mi B$6 29. 30. sum. wuiMamnfi o r L A Coantiei and other Subdmfions. N D. CliiirToww. {Fif* 'fPirt W Kiwffi and OuimM^ 31. Ro/$ -I R«/itWttofSiytLtv/iSf 1 C Harris, Ar^nji atid > < R»fi. 3a. £4f/» — 33. OfkMIJ — GItmlttg Murrof, \ Iflea of 0ri«9 and ShttUmd llgin. Kirkwatl, W. Loa. 3. , N. Lat, 59-45. [Skallowt^, near the Meridian of Lndut N. Lat. 61. In all tUfCy-three Shirei, which chufe thirty R«prefentativei to fit in the Parliament f^Grtat Briimm: Bute and Catbtufi chafine alter- aiieljr» at do Nairm and Otmartit, and CUumMUM and Kiuro/t. , The Royal Boroaghs which chde Reprefentatives are. i } MiMtrgb Kirkwall, Wiik, Dtrmtck, Dimgwaf, andTtfjnw FtttrM, luMTMifif Nmr$u, \ nAFtrrti • J f /jM» OtUuHt Bmmff, In- vtrarj, and Jtif«/f rr — — Mftrittn, Birty, Mtnmft, jtttrintiie, and Brtckim ftrfw, Perth, Dundee, Crw- ftr, uuiSt.Jiuirev»<— Omii, Kitremn, Jafirutber Eaft and Weft, andi'iV- teuweem — — — Dj/irt, KirkaUf, Kiniheme, and Burnt' fiaud — Jimerktrebin, DuaderUn, Sluetntferrj, Cuirt/t, and Stttliug — — r } GlaAew, Remjrenu, Rutber. ) gieu, and Dumiarteu ^— ) Haddiugtem, Dunbar, Nertb-") kerwitk, Lam/der, and Jgdburgb Selkirk, PukUt^ Unlitbgew, \ and Lmirk « 1 ' Dumfries, Sanfuakar, Annan, Leebiuaiau, andKirkcuJ- irigbt Wiglenon, New GaUewty, Stranrawer, and f^^bitt' heru — — jffre, Irudu, Relfff'^y, Camp' Mten, and hnterary — ' I S L AN D S of Scotland. TH E Iflanda of Seetkud may be divided into ihiM I. the Hekridet, or Weftem Iflandi, which went Name of iWe anciently ; 2, the Ifles of Orhejf or Ortades, iai Cahdtmau tknxk, on the Nonh QfSnthmdi aad, «. thelflc»< 5Ar/iSiW, fliU fuUMffNortli.£aft. r«i it fflon. ai »h.:. e_ •"*" i and ahnv» -^ •.. ' wmmodioM ^-, j^ J '^^^ Mon, as their Q— * *"« «l»ove an D • •'^ wmmodioM £*• .«j as fM»l»of (f,^7' *"«. >MiC>ne oftkS lrS™'^''*«lle«] The Orcf,4u, or Orho Ifut^tt^ Nonh of ■ImJ, bdhvftei) 59 9^ ^ P^V^ ^ ¥9^ Latitude ( di. i^e Cbotioe^tf by PpnU^i Frith, a ^e^ wbtdi is remark* tbie tliiriti fwift andl contrary Tjdct, whicb make it a very (iangerous y*Xk.j^ Jin Stiiioge/s : There are violent Whirlpools that whirl about both ^l)ips ^od %iom till they founder, and are moft dangerous in a ,CaIm. They reckon 24 different Tides in this Frith, which run with |uch Inpeti^oAty, that no i^hip, with the fuireil Wind, can iieni them t Ifndyet the Natives, whokfiow t^ proper 'lime*, pafi fecurei'y /roQ jp^e Shore to the.ot|ier. Pomona is the largeift of the OrtadiSf being 24 Miles long, and iti greateft Breadth 10 Miles ; a fru^ul, well inhabited Country, having nine Pariilhes. The chief Town, kirkwaly is a Royal Borou^, fitn, ?te on a Bay of the Sea,' near (he |j|)dd)eof the Ifland, aa excellent larbour ; oefides which, are three other Harbours in the Ifland, ami ]everal Lakea and Rivulets abounding with Salmon and other Fjflt t and there are Come Lead S^nes in the Ifland. Tbe Xflj^pd Hay has the higheA Mountains in the Orcadts, mA fnch ^ockf ^ dreadful Trecipicef on the Coall, as terrify thofe that approsicb it. Here their Sheep x\m. wdd, and are hunted like other Several of theTe IHands produce the like Corn and Pafture as the CoDtipeiit, tnd have Cattle of all Kind^ « but their greateft Riches an |heHerriO|^, that annually viQt their Coafis. In thefe {Hands they have raujlcred io,oco Men able to bear Arm', it \» faiJ that thefe Jdands were the ThuU of the AncieDti; -but others ar« of Qpipioo tfo» Noftb of ScuLU was the ancient Shitlaad J/hs."] The Iflands of Uttlatid lie North E:(l of the Orc»dts% between 60 and 61 Degrees of North Latitude, and are part of the Sljire of Ori^fy : They are reckoned 46 in >» umber, including fome httle uninhabited Holm , which afford them Padurf for their Cattle. The largeft Ifland, called MainlMJ, is 60 Miles long ai\d 20 brpad in fonie Placej, indented and cat through by/iDe < ^ayi, «(hi^ fprm fo many Harbours. The Inland Part is full of Mountains, Lakes, and Bogs, which render it expcflive co!diit| is ^eft inhabited in the plam Country near the Sea-Ooaf(. 'Ueirj Seas aro fb tcmpeftuoUs, that tliey can have no Correfpondenrc with any other Country from OSiober to April. The RcvoIutioVi in GiuA MriuU^ which hiappened in Notumbtr 1688, was not he^ird ofiaj SbttlanJ until tht following iHof. They import their Corn fronl QrkHtw having litde of thfK own Growth. Their ordinary Drisltl IS Wfiey, whlcn they keep in Hogibea^s till it grows four and vtrrl Arone. They abound in pUck Cattle^ Shc-p, Fifh, «nd Fo»l ^t Hogs Ceem to be their Av^rfion here as well as in the reli Scotland. Thry trafiick chiefly with thiir Fifh. Here it is pKtt'p htv\n to f|(h for He;rrings at Mi^ummirt and Fpnt'iu*^ ■' the Southward on the Coafts ofir»tlaMd»Tii England for Cx Motuh?, employing Come ^eaiont* a thoufand or toftccn bundled Vei:e*« " <•'>'' Fiilicf] m ckie r. aioe /-- Mouat Gnua/ nous/( 2<>C(eat Area nn ftot\ to tbcfe Mounta/i travcf ft t vther J Hilh, on ^*«^atpit •Bd Part oj "•nd*. tht taMcd -■' nfe Dear t! Ajiargin^ r^. the r^vj ^ <^ O T ^ ^ ^ Hl 119 ^ ' X< >• Jw fiiu Mountains, which r.?r *^®""*«'« f>f Sc^lMmJ ^ .k ^ nn from the EaHem r- ^ounuins are diofe otl^^^' •«J Part of th^ r^ L. ^ Larj^o-iaiv, in ///r . fh / *"'X' '»''»^* I"** ••• take « J^rW-^^^iSVi^-^' •''^/"^» "W fiio^.-'S ■ m ^«o M a O t L A N D. ' JHrA Prom dtt Nordierix Sitaation, and the MouBtaunoas Sor. Ian or this Coimtry, die Air u very odd, bot noch colder on the ^Mountains or HighUmda, which are covered with Snow mat Part of the Year, than in the Valltea, and much colder in the North duia in the Sooth. The Orcadts lie almoft onder the fame Parallel widi Btrgtut Capital of Nomirft SluU^mt Capital of Smttdm^ and Ft. iirfiurg. Capital of Rtiffiat where they have nineteen Honn Day at the Sumner Solftice, and nineteen Hours Night at the Winter Sol. Ilioe; by the Day here is meant from San-iiie to San-fet» for die Su is fo very litde below the Horizon the remaining five Hours, that it is Light enough to fee to read. But if the Air he colder .in Stttlni than in Englmnd, the Natives comfort themfelves with an OmnioB, that it is clearer and more healthful, being purified by frequent Wlods and Storms ; which contribute, they imagine, to the Briehtneft idr, th of Mm//,. udothei AeCoafl *od nuQc ThelB 4^000 at JwtdexceJ l^iy, and %> and 1 tf«ve wou Northern i ""M never i "f endeavt w in die D There an ''«ch thefc ttfthem. ] ^*«leskillj <«»c thev gJ Species that J Ib the Or4 300 and OE I Their SaiJ , •■P'oyed 60] "» wrported 1 I . Joout die 1 I^Je>ifir, ■w tea morel ^ ^ f> T L A jt n s^^r.-f^ "•^=?■-S• ^aSSr3p.^i!?^i St^m.^ii'SWEfS Aft; «vi •«^.»<^ 1^2 S Cvr T L A N D. ^M Merchant diat oied to Jiay Cod-fifti, and Talt them aponjhe Coaf mStftUuulf (for there ii fth cnoaeh) that in one Voyage he had 4000 of diciTe Fifli cored at a Penny and Two-pence a Pieccj and fdtd ^lem ligain at Eighteen -pence and H.-iIf a Crown a piece. There are atfo Sturgeon« Turbot, Mackarel, and all Manner of Sea. ^ifliand'Shell-Fiih taken on thci^Coafts, amon^ the IHands, ManufaSmrtt.'] Their principal MaDafaAm* is that of Linen: Tiiey make as good Holland, they tell us, as diey do in the Ntthtr. itmdi : Ai(b CamtNTirk, Dornick, and Damaft i and People of Qua- lity have frequently their Linen and Wolien fpuo tfhd wove in tketr mwn Houfes. I heir Plaids feem to have been a Mami^\ure pecu- liar to. this Nation, being worn in the Highlands both by the Men und Women ; but by a late AA, both the Plaid «ad Bonnet are ex* pelled the Coaotry. Tra^ei.] The Scetj export and barter (for the Goods of other Countries) their Salmon, Herrings, Coals, Barley. Tallow, Butter, Eggs, Hides, Sheep-fkins, Worded Yarn, and Stockings. GLfn^ is the mod confiderable Port in the Kingdom for forergn Traffick, particularly to Jlmerira and Guinea. By the AA of Union the Sali are intitled to trade to all the BrliiP Plantations, and elfewhere, as the EneTiJh do : And many of them come up to Leiu/en, and become as conhderable Merchants andTradefmen here, as any of the £ftf /ji^ and oftener raife Fortunes here, than the Natives ; which they effeft jchiefly by their diligent Application, Frugality, and Temperance: ^ut they feem more ready to imitate eur Vices, thiin the EHglifi) are CO imitate thtir Virtues. CenfiitMtiM.] The Conilitutioo of the Goveroaaeat is now tke fame in the whole united Kingdom, only as to private Right tb« SiOtt are IHU gorerned by their own Laws, which are, howerer, fub- jeft to be altered by the Bnti/b Parliament ; and fome confiderable iterations have be<2n made fince the Union, as. in deftroying the Tenures by Vafialage, the Aboliihing aii Tortnre in Criminal Pro- ceedings, the Allowing a general Toleration oi Religion in SatUni M well as in Englan^t and in the Appointing Judges to go the Cir- liaits in ScttUtn^. jtrms.1 The Arms will be feen in the Defcriptlon of Eaglatid. Rtvtmiet.'] The Revenues of this Kingdom, before the Uniog, (did not amount tojnorethan \(iO,ooo I. ptr Ann. And by thatM they arc to pay but 48,000/. per Jan. Land-Tax, when Engkiulpji ioar 6n|llings in the Pound, which raifcs about two MiUions. M HtherTi^ci were to have been the fame in Scotland m in Engird; bnt the^ have bceA indulged by taking off half the Malt-Tax m iM \ I'art of the Ifland. Pti'font utd HaUtj.] But before I enter upon a Defcription of their Genius and Temper, it mny be proper to fay foroetbing of their Peribns, in which it is eyit'ent. they difl'cr from their Southerol Neighbours : VVhcthe;- it prcve^ds from the Furit^ of tbcjr A'u, or I Xenaitij Jleman V OyJf,^ fa ^ulkrly < piJt thai "1 anothei tfcere is a ^peihioi w »i»e folk ^re Fad, **«» cumtn, "ft liij Das 'iw. I bat' *9vfrm/,j ?re/byters* a f^rCWyl fPOted rrol J.PP^»h frol "•^f'onsforr f<"°t»fomel r'^h. and S^'^^red, ''^^•andfrJ ^/J^Wes thj t C O T t A n 2>. rsev jneo: fQua- nlWeir E pectt- leMea ajeex- of other ^ Butter, Traftck, the Srt<' where, a» i become he £«£''i^? they cffcft mperatice ; I now the werer.foh. confidctaWe Iroying t*« iininal Pro- I in SatUi go the U- \nilani- J by that Aft 4iU»on8. AU ^ LionoftheitI ficir Air. 4 3ft AeThiiineft of ilMirDiet,diey have ceitunly diintfer CoaiMeiMnGM 0an the f M^^t and urually « longer Vifage ; and. like ^ Amw, who live in che ftroe Climate, their Heada are often adorned witk Golden Locks. At to their Suture, it is much the fiune with oars t bat they are eafily diftinguiOiad from Stutk Britons by the Tone and Roaf biicls of their Voices. The Habits of the Gentlemen arc alikt in every P.ut of theffland. lo the Highlands tlie Pbid and Bonnet were v'om tlii prohibited by a late' Ad. And their wearing no Breeches in the Highlanda fieens a PeculiariQr. Gmius and Ttmptr.'] As to their Genius and Temper, they hava certainly more Command of theoifelves in the Beginning of Life, and commit fewer Extravagancies in their Yonth, than the £»;iSi^ do« Tbeir FriM;ality and Temperance deferve our. Imitation, which is, ia> deed, the foundation of that Difcretion weoblerve in them, at a TiiM, pf Life when our young Gentlemen are half mad. Curie/t/ia.'] What they ufnally enumerate as Canofities are, tbs Remaiiis of Roman Ways and Camps in federal Places, and of the Bman Wall called Graham** Dyke, between the Rivers Forth and Cl'^de.,^ feveral of the Stones having Roman Inicriptions on them ; par- ticularly one, from whence it appears, that the Ltgio fecunJo' AupiflM built that Wall. Ja feme Places there arc Lakes that never freeze j in another, a Lake that continues frozen all Summer ; and, in a jhird, there is a floating Ifland, and Fiih without Fins ; and it is frequentljr Unpeiluotts in a Calm. Lattguagt,'] The Language of the tJigblandt difFcrs very little from the Irt/b. Of the broad Scotch, which is generally fpoken, they g^v« iu the following Specimen in their Lord's Frayer : Vre Fadtr vuhilk art in He-vtn } ballucd kt thy Nemi. Thy King- ihim cumm^ 7hy IVuH be doon in Earth, ax itt doon in Heven. Gog oft this Day art daily Br ted. And forgee vft nre Sinas^ az ive /org ft tkm that fimt againji uft. And lead ufi not ini» Temptation ; haii ddfvtr nfifrmi Evil. Amen. Rtligiea.] The Efbhlilhed Religion here is the Prelbyterian, or Calvitijm, a Sort of ^cdefiaftical Republkk, where all Prieds or prefbyters are equal. They have a General AfTembly, or Synod, of (heir Clergy, which meet annually, confiding of Minifters and Elders depated from every Prelbytery in the Nation. Tbefe determine all Appeals from inferior Church Judicatories, and make Laws and Con- llitutions for the Government of their Kirk, The Crown ufually ap- points Tome Nobleman High CommifTioner, to At amongft them, and (fcvent their rnoniiw into ExcefTes ; but he has no Vote in their Af- lembly, and they infill that his Prefcnce is not neceffary. They art inpowered, by AA of F'arliament, they fay, to meet once a Year at M ; and from them lies no Appeal. Bcfides this General Affcnibly, they have 13 Provincial S>'Hoda, I M Prefbytcries, and 938 Parilhes. The lowell Ecclcfiaftical Court I being their Kirk Sdfion, which coniifts of ihe Minliltfrs, Elders, and Dmcona t^ 3^4 S C O t L A N D. DcMOM of tiM PaHfli* who are faid to watch over the Morab of 0e People, and have Power enough to make any Gendenan very nneaiy, if thnr happen not to like him : A Man that is fubjeA to thefe petty JoriididUont, can hardly be denominated a Freeman. Bnt what ti moft remarkable in the Kirk of ScttlanJ \i, that they inftft the Ctidl Power ought to be fuhjeA to the Ecdefiafiical, carrying their Autho- rity, in thefe Cafes, as high as the Church of Rem. Calwai/m was introduced into Scotland, in a tamnltnoos Manner, at the Reformation, in the Reign of Man Queen of Sctttf and in the Minority of her Son Jama Vl. But when King Tom// was fettled in the Throne of Englantl, Epifcopacy was eftaUiined in Seot/aaJ by A€t of Parliament, and continued to be ib until the Year 1688 ; when the Prefbyterian Mob took upon them, in a riotous Manner, without any Authority, to expel the Bilhops and Clergy, and plun- dered their Houfes, abufine them and their Families in an oott-ageoos Manner, to that many of them were forced to fly into EngUmi: And the Bifliops having ftiewn fome Partiality to King Janut^ his Succeilbr King William thought fit to get Epifcopacy abolilhed by AA of Parliament,- and Prefl)ytery eftabhihed in dut Kingdom. Not fo much as a Toleration was allowed the Members of the Church until the Reign of Qneen ifm/, wh^n an AA of Parliamrr'^ .as oh- tained for that Purpole, againft which the Sctu made all ' .4^naUe Oppofition. Jrcbbifiiepricks and Bifioprickt."] St. Andrevot and Gb/gow. Bijb^rifks.'] Edinburgh t Dnnield, AhtreUen, Murray ^ Bricbtn, Dam- iJaint Rdfit Catbrte/r, Orkniy, Galloiuay, Argyle, and the ^s. UniwrJifitiJ] The Univerfities of this Kingdom are four, ows. thofe of St. Jndrttvjf Abtrdeen, Edinburgh, and Glajgrw. Sotitty."] A Society was incorporated, by Patent, in the Year 1708, forercAing Schools in North Britain, and the Ifles; and, in 17 16, an Aft paired for their Eftablifhment, and a Fund of 20,000/. was appropriated and made a Stock for carrying on the Defign : And die Society applying to King Gtorge II. for an additional Charter, to oca Workhoufes for employine Children in Manufaaures. Koufewifery, and Huftandry, in the Highlands and Ifles, his Majd^ not only sranted diem a Patent, but a Revenue of 1000 /. fer Ann. And they have now upwards of loo Schools, in which between 4 and 5000 Boys and Girls are educated. Refvoiutions and memorable Events. IT is generally held, that the Pi£ls and Britont were really the fam People, diihngui(hed only by Name ; that they were either fock Britent as mhabitcd the North Part of the Ifland before the Coming of the Remans, or thofe who were driven out of the South by die X«M««Arms. Mr. Camhdtn obferves, that it was not till the Tine of Maximilan and DiecUfian, (when the Britoni had learned die I Provwaal Latin Tongue) that thofe Northern People were called and cdi SCOTLAND. 3^5 leaiy. petty lat is CwU kutho- anner, in the fettled Wby 1688 ; d plan* uaBeooi Ingland: arnth k^ liihedby otn« Not B Cbordi tf ;as ob- .4ginable four, «w«. Year i7o8» i, in i7»^« 1,000/. wai j: AndAe rter, to eteft ioufewifciTi ■" not only ^ndthey ,4 and 5000 Luy the fan* . either fock . the ComiBg [south by the [till theTioe learned m were calW PiBh TiOt, from their ftill rettmiog the Caflom of Fainting their Bodies, and to diftingnilh them firom thofe who were confederate or intermix- ed «^th the Rmumtf who had long difofed it, bat were notwithftand- ing called JW/ffii, m the Defccndants of the ^jistfiM^who lived amongft thoDf alio were. At to the S€9ttf it it obferved, thev were never mentioned by any Writer till the third Century ; and, tis generally held, that they iirft fetded in Irtkuul, and from thence came over into Stet/sml. BMhop Ujttr has ihewn, that IrilamJ is called Scttia by the Writers of th<^ Times. GiUai^ who wrote about the Year 564, calls the fame Peo- ple fometimes $Mi, and at others Hibtrm. JJamamaut in the Year 680f calls IrtUmd the Ifle of Scotland. And the Bifliop feems pofitive, that no Writer, who lived within a thoufand Years after Chrift, cfcr mentioned the Name of SntlanJ, but he meant IrtUnd by it : Not that the Stttt are fuppofed to be the firft Inhabitants of IrtUmJ, ^t was very probably nrft planted from Qrta$ Britain -, but the Stttt are thought to be a Colony of the ancient Scftbiwut who in- kd>ited the Nwdi Part of Eurtpe, and about the third Centory, vert- taring to Sea in Search of new Habiutions, fell upon Irtlmili which being thinly inhabited, the Natives either would not, or coold not, qjpofe their Defcent. It is probable they were firft invited over into StitUuii by the ^ia* of North Sritmim, to affift them in their W«r» againft their Enemies of the South. But both Piffs and Seots, ct i^tever other Nations inlnbited the North, we find they all went under the general Name of Caltdmuans for fome Time. As for the Jttautttt uey fame to be of the fame Original with the Scots^ and dus die Name only of one of the Scotifik Tribes. Ftrgutt their firft Kine, is faid to have reigned 3 to Years before Chrift. He was an /r{^ Scot, thejr tell us, of great Repuution, for liis Valour and Conduft ; an^, being fent for from Irtland^ was ad- vanced to the Throne by the general Confent of the CaMmntm Seots. Bnt as there is very little to be relied upon in relation to the Af- ftin of Britaim, before the Arrival of the Romans here, I fltaU pafs over the fabulous Accounts that Butbanant and other Scotf/Sk Writers, endeavour to amufe us with, of the State of that Country, and the Aairas of their Kings in thofe dark Ams. The Story of King firm's bdngcaft away, in his Return xolrtland, upon a Rock, front dience called KnotJ^trgnSt now Cariikfirgnsi may be of equal Credit widi the reft. JuUns Oefar did not penetrate fo hx into the Iflaod as Ntrib Britain ; nor does he appear to have had any Knowledge of that People. Jgricola, the Emperor Vefpatian't General, was the firft Roman that fubdued Ntrib Britain. He defeated their GenettX Galgatms, aader whom they made their laft Efibrt ; and having furrounded ifitmn with his Fleet, and made a full Difcovery of the Country, sot blinking the North of Scotland worth indudiing in the Roman Pale, he bum a Line of Forts between the Rivers Forth and Qidtt \ to pretcA the civilized Brim* from the Incurfions of the CiMb- niantt § S6S scot tl^ At. nimai, or Higblan^en. This he cffeOed about the Year of oof^ Lord 85. Wc have no certain Accoonts of the Tranfaftioos in Korih Britain,^ from the Time of JgriceJa until the Reign of the Emperor Adtlatti jf.O. 121, when we find the CaltJomant and Pi£i$ making latilirAlMs into the Roman Province ; whereupon yuUu$ Stvern was font d*ef'bv the Emperor Mrimn, who followed him in Perfon, and built a Waft of Earth from Sokoay Frith near CarHfle, to the P' /er tynt by }ftw. tafiltt abandoning all the Coontiy as far as SttrHngt which was die iormer Boundary of Calidmim. in the Reign of the Emperor Anttniat PittSy A. D. 144, his Gene> ral LtUims Vriicm extended the Rrniian Pale ai far ai Sutling agaiift; ami built « Wall of Earth between the Rivers Ftrtb and Ciyde : And ' iiarems JurtiiMs, the fucceeding Emperor,' carried on the War (h- cefsfoilv againft the CsltJtmaiUf by his Lieutenant €»lfbMmiu$ A^» tolm, A. B. 16a. } The Emperor Sevens came over'into Britain zhcttt the Year 209^* Md neducM the mdl Northern Parts of Scotland^ obligine the Snti^ to give him Hoftages as Pledges of their Fidelity^; and^ for tho mater Security of South Britain, built a Wall of Stbiie fortified widi Towers, where AMmh Wall of Earth flood, between Carhfio and Ktnutajik, Bat the Scttiflt Writers %, this Wall was built between the Fnths of Forth and Clytk near Stirling ; and Bmhanan relatn, that the Rdns of this Wall were vifible in his Time, and on fome of the Stones there were Roman Infcripdons. When this Wall was bnil^' Dtaa/dL wu thdr King, acoording to the Seotiji Writers : He mi^t, I prefume, be one of the Chiefs of the Highland (2.\zxut that kept in the inaoceffible Part of the Mountains, out of the Reach of the Rman$t who were certainly Sovereigns of North as well as South Bri- UBu, at this Time. The SoMtiu alfo extended their Dominion as fu as SterSng^ and left the Seoti poflcfled only of the Country beyond that Fortrefi j though, *tis true, they frequently broke thro' the Line, and plundered the l«fi|^ Borden, and at length recovered all the Territory they had loR, with ibme of the fv/^ Counties i But they had not beca long pofleflfd of them, before the Danetf a more terrible Enemy than the Saxons, invaded and plundered their Country. Malcolm IL beinc then opoa the Throne, fought many Battles vtrith them, and at lengm obliged the Danes to retire to their own Country. The Scots highly appbdd this Prince for his CortduA the firft thirty Years of his Reign, bat l(ay» |te grew covetous in his old Age, and was guilty of noto* nous Extortions and Oppreffions ; which 10 enraged his SubjefU, tbtl they nmrdeitd him. Buehanan cenfures this Prince and his Father Kentthnt, for reff* deling the Crown hereditary in their Family ; by whkh Means htl\. obfervet, that the Kingdom mu ft frequently be poflliTed by a Child or a Fool i whereas before, the Scots ufed to malce Choice of thif Friaee of the Royal Family, that was beft quailed- to go^efif aai ptOMft hit People. ' Mahlm, D*muk Danes Mmiti nor be ^atsfc anodad ^0 a/ CKeedii Tkieae, Wice, t In ambii wfce afliii dtoSono Bm^fs J GeaeraJ, j fi^of^ Wintoi-, Jn}5 No! *ieditaf / ^ !»«erfonA« , 'atfcer •, Th, I ^meofB, f«^noi my defer ,**» 'mmedu jMycihe had. J*».addin|l r^i^a Ijjwided, TJ** Prince i| /»ffee-meanl l'*fl«nd; (j "w tWol ^f^andl 15^ he dil 'i '%' "••■•> M* Il.liyJl..._l -^''- ""gM W off life "" fin * Sm otn^ °S. ""''' "« Day be K!,.^'.'" '^""Me- WIm. ■■«". Mdiuff, If tboulJan '^^«ved many fi»«.i Y '''^ «i« p^^^rtS^Zy tTVCi«ri7^,, -tc^^/^i^/L ^ ^^^■**»''« from t^Kdr he did hAJ ^**»^/«^ ffionid i^i j° *'" ^<»Uow. 3^8 SCOTLAND. iatiJ, and have an ample Revenue fettled npos him i and that the Son of Si tert fhould enjoy his Father's Tenitorics, and have the Con- queror*! Niece in Marriage. It is related b^ fome Scotch Hiftorians, that there was a Cnftom in ScotlattJAt this Time, that when the Vaf. fal of any Thane or noble Lord married, his Lordfliip had the Privi. lege of lying the firft Night with the Bride ; which Cuftom Mtlc^'t Queen, it is faid, prevailed upon the King to alter : and the Hufbaod might redeem his Wife, by paying down a Fine of half a Mark ia Silver. William Ru/hs, being upon the Throne of England, another War commenced between the two Kingdoms i Matcelm having laid Siege to theCaftleof^Aiit-iVi, which was reduced to great Neceffity, £e Garrifon offered to furrender, on Condition the King would come in Perfon to receive the Keys ; and a Soldier, tendering them upon the Point of a Spear, run it into the King's Eve, and kuled him, whidi the King's eldeft Son EduuarJ, endeavouring to revenge, was killed alfo upon the Spot. Two Ufurpers fucceffively poflirfled the Throat of Scotland after Malcolm*^ Death ; but his Son Edgar was at length rellored to his Inheritance, whofe Sifter Maud married Henry I. Kmg oi England, A.D. iioo, who thought to flrengthen his Title by that Match, as fhe was the Daughter of Margaret ^ Siftet and Heirefs of Edgar Atkeling, who feems to have had the beft hereditary Title to the Crown of England. In the Reign of David King of Scotland, A. D. 1 136, it appevi that David aid Homage to Stephen King of England, for the Coon* ties of Huntingdon, Northumberland, and Cumberlamd, which the Salt at that Time pofTeflcd ; but in the Reign of Henry II. of Englaml, Malcolm was ooliged to reftore the Counties of Nerthumhtrland and Cumberland to the Crown of England, A.D. 1150, tho* HuntiHgini was confirmed to him by Henry. A War commencing afterwards be* tween the two Kingdoms, William Kinjg of Scotland was taken Pri- foner, obliged to do Homage to Henry for all his Dominions, and with /)ax/iV/ his Brother, fwear Allegiance to the King of England, A.D, 1174; as did alfo the Bifhops, Earls, and Barons of 5ro//W: And the Caftks of Roxbufg, Penvick, F.dinturg, and Sterling, were put into the Hands of the EngUjb. wih fifteen Hoftaget, as Pledees of their Fidelity i but Richard I. King of England, rele.ifed the Kingdom of Scotland from their Subjection, and reftored them their CaAlei and Hoftages, A.D. ii 89 ; but it appears that William King of Scttt did Homage to John King of England, at a Parliament held at Limoloit the Year 1 200, as did Alexeuider King of ScotUnd to Htnry III. KiB{ I of England. Margaret, Queen of Scotland, d^ing in the Year 1290, there ip-l petrcd no lefstKan Twelve Compctuort for that Crown, vyho agro' to fubmit their Claims to the Arbitration oi Edward iLxaz of £f • land, according to the Scotch Writers 1 but the £ii//i/(^ niftont* relate, that King Edtvard adted in this Cafe as Superior and dinft Sovereign of Scotland, and fummoned the States of that Kinidoal to attend him at Sorham on the Bngli/b Borders, in order to acMr*! nine the Right of Succcffion to that Crown, Certain it is, the Sttfjj if Si nvam QfXt King U&i that hi cbred, lud,ii that it hver I PoiTe/Co An of Ihouldd twoMoi King Ea Profit in t^yaiid The K f^jaigtd, and, that Gorernors ts their So '"d afterw, ^i^ole Kino f'>aei a ?o "•» PoO.eSii . 'It ^^acancy *««, M^ca I niinnioned l Pf«ring. it 4 J w into Kinl I ¥, Earl off J •fffif into ai If'/W; rei F"* Defiance hile/esfco/ J ^^hereupoij I V> Troop "'"»• The ^^ma, ,vh|J ™^> EditvaA r»n to hi, J f^' Arm] fe';i Strataj ^t^t Sie/ * ^ c b r L 4N b. 3^ It the sCoa- )riau, ieV«f. ! Privi- nUM% lark in herWtr lidSiete flity, 4e come in upon the m, wUck was kiUed ae Throne at len^ iry I. King ide by that Heiiwof Title to the ,, it appem or the Coon- r>of *!^- -I* ^r S(ot/auft aad the fevcral Competiton* appeared before King Eit' wan/ii N»rham, on the i2th of Majf 1291 { and it being demandtd of Rtiirt Bruct, one of the Competiton* if he adcnowledscd the King of EnglanJ Sovereign Lord of the Realm of 5> »//«•y Parliament 1 MtiBalieitp' poring, it was adjudged, that three of his Caftles fliould be deliver- ed into King Edward's Hands, until Satisfa£Uon was made to Mac- Itjf, Earl of Fife { at which King Baliel was fo incenfed, that he en- tered into an Alliance offen&ve and defenfive with France aninft tugUnd; renounced the Sovereignty of the King of Eur/aiid, and bid him Defiance, and obtained of the Pope for himfelf and hit Nobilityf I Rdeafc of the Oaths the^ had taken to King Edward. Whereupon EJiuard aflcmbled an A>my, and marched u far ai h'mciJUe^ where he underftood that the Sce/s had fallen upon fome ^tii/b Troops that lay upon the Borders, and killed a Thoufand of di(fl). The S>.ati alfo had been fo fortunate a> to d'eftroy Part of Etgfijb Fleet that was dcfigned to attend the Army in this Ex- ition, which gave them great Hopes o( Sitrcefs. On the otW and, Edward, it is faid, made *ii Offer of the Cn>«vn of Stetlaad Bruce, Raiitft Rival, which brought over a great Party in that ation to his Interell. Then the King advancing at the Head of • lul Army, laid Siege tm Berwick ; which he took by the (bl- ng Stratagem : Having lain fome Days before the Town, ht ' the Siege, and marched away, and ordering fome Soldiert to A« dtfBt •!w 370 SCOTLANV, ddert to the Town, he inflruAed them to fav, that the Approach of King Balitlt at the Head of a nameroas Army, was the Occafion of it : Others related, that the Seotti/k Army was within a League of Btrwick : Upon which the Townfmen, and feveral of the Garrifoo, went out to meet their Friends, not dreaming that the Englifo Arm/ was ftill in their Neighbouihood ; when, on a fiiddeir, they were attacked by the Em^iP, who purfued them to the Town, aad entered the Gates with them, and, after a great Slaughter of thr Garrifon, made themfelves Maften of the P&ce. From Bmaltk King Edvuffd marched and laid Siege to Dumhmr, which Balitl ad- vancing to relieve, there happened a general Battle , the Se$ti wete defeated, and loft upwards of twenty Thoufand Men { whereupon Dunhmr opened her Gates to the Conqueror. Imnwdiately after «King Edward befieged RtuboroMgb, and took it ; from whence he ad- vanced to Edimbhrght the Caftle whereof furrendered within a Week's Time. He afterwards made himfelf Matter of Sterling, Pgrtb, and fo many ftrong Towns, that Balioi and the whole Nation came io, and fubmitted themfelves to his Mercy, before the End of the Qm. paign. Balio/, with a white Wand in his Hand, formally furrender- ed the Kingdom of Scttland to Kine Edward, to be diipoTed of at his Pleafure, and the People promifed to become his faithnil Sobjefii, Btlittt Resignation, being drawn up in Writing alio, was fiened by hiih and moA of the Barons of Sutland, and fealed with the Great Seal of that Kingdom. And King Edward having aflembled the States of Steilaad at Btnuick, they confirmed the Surrender that had been made, and fwore Allegiance to Kin? Edward, to«tkr with all Officers and Magiflrates that were poitefled of any Rica j of Trnft or Profit in that Kingdom. Earl Dtmplai was the osljr Nobleman who refiiied, and was thereupon fent Priibner into S»g- laudt where ht died. Baliol was fent up to Londtm alfo, but not kept in dofe Confinement, hftving the Libernr of tea ML'ei roqudl thatXTity allowed him to hunt, and take his Pleafure ; andwaiaff terwards removed to Oxftrdt where a College of that Name bidj Ixxn founded by his Father, now called BalM College. And betl he had the Company of many of his learned Countrymen, wim| King Edward had removed thither from the Scouifli Acadenial Several other Sctttifli Lords were carried into Englaiid, and onJenlj not to go South of Tnmt, on Pain of lofing their Heads, famous Chair and Stone, on which their Kings were crownel, were removed to WiRmafitr \ of which there was a Tradition sm the S "»e Crown of Ww, but he was^^i-^P*"*^'" w"** BaJioif^^Ln' ^®" A a a -^ ' '^•'* ^^^ W alio ffH SCO r L jf N V. •Ifo to ptrt with ill. the Lands they held inr SeotlanJ. The Crown, Sceptn, Jewels, and other Pans of the Regalia, were reRored, with a budc Grofs, of great Efteem amon^ that People. And the bettrr to cement this flumefol Peace, aMamage was conchidcd between Da. «fV Prince of 5c«/Am^. and Ring fi^^nwr/Ts Sifter 7'«Mr0, both of them very voang. And tho* this difadvanragcoas Peace was privately nego- ciated between Snjtmu Dtwtttu on the ?Mni)fStot/aiu/, and the Qaecn and Mortimer on the Part of £wibM/i <• great was Mtrtimer*% Influence at that Time, that he procured it to be ratififd in Parliament : After which, the Marriage between the Prince of Seet/am/and the Princefs Jeatua was folenioized at Berwti on the ad of Jafy, at which feme of the EMKliJb Nobility (hewed themielTes extremely diflatiifiod. The he Ettgli/^ t, inched, SetfSt indeed, ware obliged to pay the Emglifi^ 30,000 Marks within the Space of dtrce Years, as a Confideration for all thofe flumefiil Conceflionsr moft of which the Qaeen and Mortimer applied lo their private Ufe. Rdert BrMctr King of Seotlemdr whom the S€ot$ in a Manner adored for his recovering that Kingdom oat of the Hands of the Englife, (fleJ in die Year 1319 ; and on ms Death-bed, *tis faid, advifed the Smi never to hazard a general Battle with the Erglijh in the open Fields bat to make frequent Excuriionsr and harrafii the Enemy with fma!] Parties from their Mountains,, and then retire ; to make no long Peats or Trice with the EngliJAt diat they might be inured to the Fatigue of War ; and always to procure good IntelUgencc of the Defigns of tk Mngfijb Court and their Generals. ID the Year 1333, Edward III. King 9f Et^fand, invaded Scotftidt (at the fnftancc of King Ba/io/, who hat been depofedj^and laid Siegs to Berwick ; fvhich the Sttts aflembling a nnmerons Army to rdiere, a Battle was fbnght at HatlaydtiKn-Mt near Ber^ck,. where die Biig/i/t obtained the ViAery, with a very great Slaughter of thsSctn, and Bemuiei thereupon fnrrendered v And BnHei did Homage itA 1 fworc Fealty to King Edward, as fuperfor Lord of the Kingdom of Scot/and, He alfo ceded the Counties of Beruickt ReAurgh, PnUa,\ and Dumfriest wifh feveral other Places near the Borders, to be is> Mxed to the Crown of BfgJand for ever. The Scoii were prevailed or by the firtnch, however, to rife ill Arms again io Behalf of Brmtt, and depofed King Balid a fecoi^l Time ; but he was iboa after reflored by King Edward, who marcliri| through Scot/ami as far it^^thi^, and compelled the fcoti to fiH mit to BalifJ agahi, though they were conflanriy reinforced will Mreweb Troops. The Seoti continved to exeicife King Baiiots Patience wltk Mated InfurrefKons, while Edwardf King of Bi^hnd, was empio; Ri the Wars with Fraiut ; but Kmc Bdutird returning to Eftgiud < the Year 13(6, marched at the licad oft numerous Arniv r" Bftlaad ( and lUving fnbdued al the Oppeftrs of King AM ' Prinee^ in Gratitude for thefe igul Senriceai trantfciTed'hisBi Id the Kingdom of Stttlamd^ to the Crown 9iE»g/in$d. Thn I fpition wM nade tad §nkA widi tkt pun ML of St9tM\ X, Hot f/, wIm wU in the Court ofEngUndt prohibited any of his Subjeeb going intp tluQ Frtitih Service, the Barl- of ^ktAa*, with the Concunence of th| States of ^«//(t«i/, carried over 7000 Meif to the Affiftanee of the Diljaphin, and joining Ids Forces with the Fr//wi&, defeated theDoke of f/aruee. Brother to the iLii;^ oi EmgUaiJ, who was killed in the Battle. And to the Reinforcements the Sceu ient over at th» Time, and afterwards, is principally to be aicribcd the Reftoration of the Ail^irsof/ViMff. After the Death of Htnrj V. King of E»glantt, Hiimphriy, Duke of GUiiefJiiirf who was Regent oi England in the^ Minority ofHnry VI. confemed to releafe King James, in Confideration of a Ranfom agreed to be paid by the States ; and he returned to ScttUmd in the Year 1 4s 3, after he had been detained in EmgUmd li Years. He reigned tlurteeaYears after his Reftoration» and then was murdered in his Pa- lace byli* Uncle the Earl of ^thelt who afpired to the Crown. I* b obferved, that of an hundred Kings and upwards, that have reigned ill ir«/iSw4/ before T^JK/i VI. (Jams I. oi EtsgUmd) half them came» violent Deaths. King Tffltff II. was killed by Accident by one of his own Qmu { ^MrMlII. was killed in a Battle with his Rebel Subjeasi 7«w/IV. who married Margant the Dau^ter of Heary VII. Kvag of Engla J, was defeated aud killed by the Engliji in the Battle of FitddnFiiU, J.D.isii. IRELAND. Situation and Extent, Between Between 1 't h \ aVd {n. l J6 $ i I V Being ^ ■J I 300 Miles in length. i5oMileiittBi«adt]i. Btimdantt.} T^O U N D E D by the Dmcmltdonisn Sea on XJ North { on the Weft by the great Jtlmtic On which fenaratcs k trom ylmirUa ; on the South by the Ftrgivhii Sctj and on the Eaft by the MA Sea, commbniy called St. Gmrgit Chi ' md, which divide! it from that Part of Grtat Briimn caUed SttiU £ or II £n hci Pool CO ft'lttii/ftr, ^ ^^°' Four Provinces, J containing, S *• Vlfttr^.^ I 3' Mutijler, _ t. W^ Province on the F.ft CG-At-^j,. a Tofjrn. V'^*'^'«ontaininB^"JL A*'°"'*''''»g twelve Cnn .• , 2 _Af«r^. Eaft. containing n-.:^ . „ . "^' ^-'■%' fe> '«"««./«. «Jo«,^r5^tr»«'. A" Shire i^;--^ -^ p//«)r, G#n;r*» y'tfy* *'• '*'»»; « as /-/>& rl )I^?' ^"** the 87^ r R E L A N D, fbee, a Bifliop's See, Rmthtmllnt an inconfiderable Sea Port, Rath* tHtitent BuHCranagh. 2. LondmJtrryt containing £«»/W«rrv, a City, 6i(hop*s See, and the Shire Town, ColeratH, Nenutwm-Lmavaddjt Magfura/ili, Bal- tnierrj, 3. Mtriw, containing Girr/>jf/9r^v/, tfie Shire Town, Bfffoft,Lif. burn, ^Htript, RandalftotAint Ballyminogbf Ballyfafllt, an open Colliery, Ctnner. 2l fiifliop's Sea united to Deivn, L^me, Ballymoney. 4. Tyreuff containing Omarb, the Shire Town, DuMgahmn, Aughtr^ Sirabane, S'envard's Town, CTogbet, a BifllOp's Sea. ^ . Fermimu^b, containing Bnnifitilhn^ the Shire Town, Nrwlcwn- But/er, tijnpfiea, Clabby, Maguire's Bridge. 6. Armagh, containing Amtagbt a City, the Primatial See« and the Shire Town, Cbariemont, LurgoH, PartaJbtit, Tundrfigre, Logh. gall, Legaeurry alias Rich-bill. 7. UanvH, containing Donun Pmtrick, the Shire Town, and n Bi' jhop's See, united to Conmr, KeW'ca/fle, Hofpitall, Bruff, Kilfinan. , 5. Kerry, containing 7 ra/r*, the Shire Tpvvr, Dingle Icutb, ddl firt, a Bilhop's See, united to Limrricl^, Agbadoe, a BiOiop's See^ United to Limiriik, Killamey, Cajilt Wand, Lixnww, Lifiovjell. I 6. Chre, confaininQ F.nnii, the Shire Town, Killalttt a BifliopVJ Sec, Bryrni Bridge, (itlfent>ra, now bnited to Clwftrt, fonncrly ^ uam. Six Milf Bridge, bft'wma>k, Corofiti.' 4. CoKnaugbt Provipce in the Weft, containing five Counties, «< I . Gakvfiy, containing Ga/v. ay, the Shire Town, Loygbrta, Atbn' .1. .■5 7«« i > 5 Ai be ai tht j bycoi " Bri '•iifc " the 11 *° ^ " Coon ;; of c. " pritOTA rt'-e C«« ["'P'enoJ "» ^n to] %feotcSc] Jmf t*"i>n thither, ttTtrS" /?'?"« •'<«i^ ntzx Dui- ih'tt and mafb Hraf, which forms the North Side of DiiSJ / Hirbonr. 5t. y^hit'i fgnLnd, a low Cape in tiie County of Z)0ro f'fai Wan ^'g^es «!( «M, fas th( ."tofth* mnt, aw ofApproB< W'* and •fit is fo u ^ircumferei ^n more j ^ief f uej , JeCaftleoi] weflcaitties ^*« feconl '*oi>enomil fo^ccefs » *"«kes. into ^Pcriy be 4 "oiverftJiy o] •^^ikhavej ?•'. andZj C',«d,VidJ **-«panited| r";?'«gitreJ J5««tajje,l J K E L Eve at ooe Time wJS.*^'^* ^•^'•nt »» Ku ""'*«' ''''"c^ Eve ar^oe Sr TZJ."'^ ^'-'•nV iZr 'rj' ""''^ '^''^'2 tfte n«ked Eyicanw,? r^"**^^' P'^'"*^ «f » i^Sr xt^ '**"" »*'^«» «c/Ulmeiro^',7' *?««'«nda '''°0'«« «lJ^e "i-^; *^*«^'» fo-nty ofD^.^"Uf!7 ^'^ ^!^ ^f tht ^S,r 1^1^^^^'^^" iattcr remarkable for TS-'T' ^'V^-A>'»r. and / a !J- '" ^Jje •f '64,. In Vh/n *^'"8 *'•*' Scene of, M^in .*!^*-^«''*». the Tops of CeJt ^&\?^.»^^-Tr^e^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the La^ef « wouJd be oBMrdnn^iT ^''^' »''« ^-aJws under »kf^' •''*" <>« fhe ««ch lm,.a «"& L'^^ ^-y^^ Miles in L„th r^'^''«"'«^Befu. tiW Wand,. LTarf?''? 5 ""^ is ioterfperftd w?rK ^** .•»**' ^'^ '^ »^(astheyalKj^^\'*'"8'*^«^r«mberj a„/r *" '"hatred. te»e$, and benL. * ^"''e^ ^n»lt like rhV. ?! ^'^^ *'"«'» «noft 4^Z andbV/^l?'*^'- ^"^w caHed by the^ilK k- '*"'^* S^^gea «rcumferena *t« T'T "'* ^"entlyZr p! ' '*"7' * Ti»e. «fen more irwl^ i ^°*^^* •'" Diameter ,^^- *"**«•» i>«lf i» iakes. into whicr^^^^'*'«'«<>'' the ^^^^^ wljich have "oiverfaJly obtaSli S f *''* ^ea, than Lake; J.' "? """^ «Of« {'«. and Z«..^ Av!j? '?!. P^«. Of Mixture of 8.?^."^' f^^> into 382 1 R E L A N H, into two equal Parts, and may be reckoned in Length full 25 Irijt Miles, though of an unequal Breadth. It is diverilfiMl with numerooi fruitful pleaiant Iflands, to the Number (as is computed) of 400, moft of them well wobded, and feveral of them inhabited by Huiband- men, and others covered with Cattle. It abounds likewife with a great Variety of Fi(h, fuch as huge Pike, large Bream, Roach, Eels, and Trout ; fome of the laft of an exceffive fize. But it is chiefly valaable for its Salmon, which are caught in great Draughts by Nets, in the River which flows out of the Lough, the FiOiing of which is ▼ained at coo/, a Year. Were there any Trade of Confeqaence in this Part of Ireland to deferve Encouragement, the Importance of this Lake might be made much* more confiderable than it is, it afibrding, within a few Miles of the Sea, a free Navigatk>n, commodious for all the Inland Counties ofthe Worth -Weft of Ui/ltrt and having the Towns of Ballyjhanmn, Btlltck, Enm^fitilUm^ and BtUmrhit, fltuited upon it, or on the Branches leading imo, or ifliiing from it. As Things are circumllanced, thefe Places might, with a little Encou* ragement. be made rich by the Linen ManufaAure. SnnifiiUm might be a chief Mart for it, tiie Soil and Flats about it being very con* venient for Bleach Yards $ and the Water of the Lake having here- abouts a particular Softnefs and Slimynefs, that bleaches Linnen much fooner than can be done by other Waters. It is not to be doubted but the happy national Spirit, for carrying on this Manufadure, and Other ufrful Branches of I'r.^de, will, in Time, exert itfelf properly along this Laice, a& it is already done in other Places. Lmgb-Nmgh is foniething of an oval Figure, however indented on t^try Side. It is efteemed to be* the urgeft Lake in IrtUnd, Lutgb.Eriit not equalling it in its Area ; and though the latter be more diverfified with numerous Klands and Woods, yet, coniiderrd as a Piece of Water, it is interior to this : Neither is any frelh Water J^ake in Britain equal to it, ard perhaps few in Enrcft exceed it, ihofe of Ladoga and Onega in Mu/cevy, and of Ge^fva in Snuihur- Umd excepted : it being eftimated to be 20 E»gli/h Miles long from Khe North Weft Point to the South-Eaft, near 15 Miles oftbefaoM Meafurefrom North-Eaft to South- Weft, and from 10 to is Mild broad at a Medium, overfpreading n«ar one hundred thonfand Aciti of Land. Within thefe Dimenftons is not reckoned a fmaller Lake^ called UugbBeg, or the Little Lake, joined to the North- Weft Ead of It by a narrow Channel, being near four Miles long, and a many broad. Lngh-Neagb communicates its Bcneftts to five fevcnl Counties, namely, Atmarghf 7yrene^ Lemhndtnyt Antrim, and Dam, the latter of whiwh it only touchcth bv a fmall Point on the Sooth* Eaft Side, ft is fed by fix confidcrable Rivers, four of Icffer Nott, I and feveral Brooks 1 yet has but one narrow Outlet to difcharge ihi> Seat Flux of Water at7«»M, firft into Lengh Brgt and from theacc rough the LtwerBan into the DenfaUdthian St», which, not afliBrdI ing a fuflicient Vent, occafions Longb Neagb, in the Winter- Se^l to raife eight or ten Feet above its Level in Summer, overflowing thcl Ww Greuadi on its Coaftf aod thcicby anoually waflung awa)-, oM gaining Ml Pa£ Vea fu/Te by < Mar or qi deepe ofthe for Vej the No "KKeth Cana/, Aioedoj This ftjperty iiont dri uWefiKic Society en ?''%e at f« L»ke, 'fc«r and c o'dtiier. cojkrly in ^"ittal Exl •fomepwt The Like Ql-ntitie, , •*«^edtht, T*»'««the ,•• Trout, 6r *• «nd the 1 t^£rne, thg, ^ 2). luiter more confideraW if r ^^ ^«°d» adjoinimr T'^r ^'- «^« *•/ opening the naW'pS °'"' '^^*="»«d be no ralf. "' ^*'^« »•«« Jfheing greenift iZul- ^^'^^^Y* in Colour ii.?u/"*'" «^e^«/- tbe« iBi IRELAND. them in the Riv«r Stvtriit and one wtt taked in the UJy near Duhiim, «bottt nine Years agio, Ttiere is anotiier Specif* of Fiihjn thii Lake, for any thing known, peculiar to it called the Frejb'itimtar ff^Utug, in Shape exaAly refembling a Sem-tyhitiiigt but ieli in Size, and a vctjr Ofdinary. foft, infiptd Pood. In the River 5ifra«frM are four confiderable Pieces of Water, which have obtained the Name of Lakes, thoogh more properly, they are only the out/preading of that River over the low Lands adjoining to it. Firft, LoNgb Bajfn, about three Miles broad, and more long, which is a Boundary between Part of the County of Liitrim, and Part of the County of R»fc»mm»ii. Second, Ltngb-Rtft about twelve Miles long, and of unequal Breadth, diftermhsating the County of Ita/ctmmH from the Coundes of Longford and lytftmtmtbt in which lie many (mall Iflands, but none of them of anv Fame except Inijbo^^ or tibe Iflaod of the White Cow, and that only fior an Abby founded in it in the Fifth Centoiy. Third, Uugb-Dtrghmrt^ about hxteen Miles long, though, like Lomgb'Rte^ of unequal Bfcaddi, lying equidiflant birtwecn £iuaghir and LimtrUkt and feparating Part of me CowNies of Gahmaj and Clare^ from a Part of the Coanty of Tifftrary^ yi which alfo arc fevcfal little Iflands of no Note. Fourth, Anothier Bamdefi ly, remarkidtle for the Siege it fuftained againft King Jamtii Army in the Year 1689. ftt- kmj calls this Lake the Aiitm^ which C^wAiin miftakes for, Secondly, Lntgb-^wlly^ fpreading uom the Nonhcm Sea into |b« Land, for about 1 8 Miles, and dividing the Baronies of Killmttrtman and £m/« •wtn in die County of Dtmtgml. Third, Lougb-Currib, froia the South End of which a River iflfues, adled Ga/via or Gativa in the 1 Annals of Dtiuiegml, which wafhes Gahvty, and falls intoaBafof that N«me. Fourth, Loitgb-CM»H, now called the Lake of 5 of *^^i five L. ^ ^ B L >t i, "e noted for f«.,„. ^ '^ N jy oftoned by forte CircuniiJ *"'''f ^^'^m frchm TV.? "/''^«S and *» »Och may be r^^^?"*^" ^o delicate T^A/**^^ *«•» *i»; oc ^ oar Mother' Cou[^' fe?' «'o«Id t grJ^rf^^J^Jfte? o„' ;:,- 10 weaitM wonl/i „i ^» " *"•« were r.Vk *''?">' to the >ldv*«»/-ZJ Jw point ou^fhep'^' '•^"'^'^ *cre U i" u ''^''^'ng rb^uS fc„!?'S^"-'Haven rtfn. t^. i PP"«tioii of th BeneS ^ the Barony of W>T ^^^^^n iei\/r,r a«j >ir i. . i^**" itfelf into tw J A? ^**^''»*''* Fort akool Tf * «>«««»d»SJ |>fla.8c B„X*"- "01. ""kA^.^%^^^J«^ 386 IRELAND: 20 to 1 2 Pajhom, which crows gradaally Ihallower till yoa wimbilk oppofue to the Towit of CarrUkfirgut, where it is from ; to 8 Pjuhom deep in the Middle of the Road. It grows narrower by Degrees for feveral Leagues, from the Mouth to the Bridge tXBtlfafi^ where it is fiot more than three Foorths of a Mile broad, if fo much ; at fidl Sea not above 8 or 9 Feet deep ; and at low Water not above a Foot, cx> cept in FreOtes, when it is fomethine deeper. From this Shallownefi Carmoyl- Pttt is ofed as the Harbour for Ships trading to Btlft^,\n which 20 Vcllels may ride afloat at low Water, tho' within a Cable's Lengtk Barks lie round them dry ; and from thence fmail Ships fail up at Hiah Water to the Quay of Btl/ajt. In this Bay are but few Shoab or Rocks, except a Reef of black Rocks running ont into the Sea for three or four Hundred Yards from the North Side of it, called tlic Briggt i and except fome foul Ground, and a dangerous funk Rock on the County of l>o'u.'n Side, lying between the CoplanJ Iflands and DunogbaJet, called the Deputj-Roik. There is alfo, a little S.W. of Carritifirgui, one Shoal, on which lies three Fathom Water at Ebb- Tide in the Middle of the Bay. Some Kelp is burnt on the Nonik Side of this Bay, bot nothing like the Qiiantities provided in Strmig. ford Lake, and about it. This Bay will be always memorable for the Landing of Duke Schomitrgt who anchored in Grt$m\ Part Bay near Bangtr, on the 13th of Juguft 1689, being fent by King ffi/Jiam, of f ver glorious Memory, to the AfiUlance of the Protcftants in Irtlmli and tqr the Landing of the King himfclf near Carruk/irgus^ oa ilw 14th of 7«M 1690. Lough FnJt, and Lougb Silfyt tre mendoned before nader the Title of Lakes. Before the Mouth of the iirft of thefe Loughs lies a great Sand called the Tmhs, which proves but little incommodiooi to Sailors, becaufe between it and the Weft Side of the Land ii a fair, broad, and deep Channel, where, at all Times, may be foood 14 or ic Fathom Water, and in the Mouth itfelf 8 or 10 Fadhoa. On the Baft Side of the Lough arc very ereat Sands from one Ead to the other ; and on the Weil fome fmall Saods or Shelves, wlud are no Way inconvenient, as between them runneth a broad Channdii moft Paru 3 or 4 Fathoms deep, and in that Arm, whereon LonJiniitrf Ibnds, it is yet deeper, in (bme Places not lefs than 10 or la Fathon, and before the Town 4 or 5 Fathom } fo that this is a commodiooi Harbotir. Lough Switfy is a fair laree Harbour defended from all Winds, capable of containing 1000 laree Veflels ; yet is little frequented. Ship Haven lies to the Weifof Lough S-willy about 5 or 6 Mi and, though a fair large Harbour, has tittle R(^rt. Kilhhfgs Harbour lies on the Weft of the County of Dtmugal, (] cio«s enough to contain a great Fleet. It has a large and bold Opa J Op 'th* ^f'*' ing to the Sea on the South, and is fecurcd within by the Shelter "^^ - ' ■ - "^^ iigh Lands Airronnding it ; fo that Ships of the greatcft Burthen fiake it at any Time of the Tide, and, when entered, are (ta (From the mofi violent Hurricanes ) and it hu a Depth of Wattr i, 6. or 7, and 8 Fathom, or more. ^ ptmu^ti// lUyeik lif» ahout 9 or 10 Miles to the Eaft of AW/)' tc M H Of tf^, ^* Vfcefo,""' "• *«'•'■• *«&».■«. f ^ ^ ^ if tii I™**. » die w.nr!? '"? R'"* 1 looker... '^•'^•"'Xffiv. ""We QfMumitlll ""^ ^^'^s 'eckoiied U^*^*." «»nfi ve Share „? b^'"?* "k""^ hl"'^* «" ■ R"^ «1w ;i ?:•*' *"" ^ r K E.L A N in. Kilmart Bay forms a Divifion between the Baronies of Tfmktruielk the North, aiul GUuitr$ugbty on the South, both in the County of iKfrfji^ and Ihoots feveral Miles into the Land, being throughout clean Groundi and free from Rocks and Sands* except in very few Places. Tbn is •s often called Kilmwrt River as a Bay. i»Htrj Bay divides the Counties o\ Ktrtj and Cork, and is of a hrgt Extent both in Breadth and Length, rivalling Kilmnrt Bay in thoft Particulars, as well as in Safety and Anchorage. In this Bay, not very far from the Mouth of it, lies the Ifland of Bftr-haven, between which and the main Land is a fair Sound, which fervcsfbr a good and iafe Port, and is therefore called Beer-iaven. V' I. in the Mouth of tbii Sound lie lome Rocks in the Middle of the Channel, at High Water overflown^ which may eafily be avoided ; and on the South Side of the Sound, as you Airround the Ifland^ there are two great Rocks ioft in the Mouth of it, between which Ships nay fafely pafs, as Wo between them and the L and on eicher Side. At the upper £bd of thii Bay is a lother Ifland called IfhidJu- near i Miles long, between which and the main Land, being the uttermoft- Extent of the Bay of Bamrj, 16 good clean Anchorage from 3 to 6 Fathom. Ships may eater thit Sound in two Places on bo:h Sides of the Iflands. The South En- trance is foul, rocky, and dangerous ; but the North Entrance aA fbrdi Room and Depth enough in 8 or 9 Fathcm, and nothing to hurt, except a Row of Rocks a fmall Mufket-ihot from the Shore ; .which, being covered at High Water, do not appear but at half £bb. Oppofite to this Ifland is the Haven of Langrtf, in which ii every whete fafe Anchorage and good> Ground, except on the Right. hand dofe to the Mouth, where are fome foul Ground?, which art dry at the Ebb of the Spring-Tides. This Bay of Bantry is rendered £imoos by a Naval Engagement between the Engl^ tmdrtrmhflttu in 1689. Dmmanus Bay is fcparatcd from Eantrj Bay by a narrow Neck of Land, which terminates at Mintrovally Point. This Bay is wide aid feng, tho* not equal in either Refpeds to thofe KiUKilmart and ^m/t;! bdt it is a commodious Road, and has good Anchorage every whetr. The Land, on the South-fide of this Bay, Itrctcheth out tar into theSOi the uttermofl Part whereof is Mifi'en-Htmdt being the SouthermoftCape •f all the Main Land oUrtland, Cape CUar lying out further Soutii- Eaft, being in an Ifland. Baltimore Bay is much larcer titan any of the three immediaiclf before- mentioned Bays,, though not flreiching Into the Land as (ticf do, b Jt forming rather the F igurc of an Half Moon. In thii large. Biy lie C/W Haven, Scut Haven, and feveral others. Some WriKrtI .itave contraAed the Pounds of Baltimore Bay, by making D»4>' »«» North of LantsBorougb, and another in theCoeoty of Wtstford^ which is loft in the Sea at Bamovf-Bay. The River Bfintit faqiops for a f earl Fifliery, bat much more fcr tiiatoir Salmon, takes ita Rife from the Bofom of the Mountains of Vfptr-lveaebia the County of Dtnun, beine the Northern Rideeof fhe Mountaiiu of Mommt ; from whence it flows Northward to i^«r> Bridft, where it makes a goo4 Appearance; the|ice turns to N. N, W, and. after a Courie of about 3G1 Miles, falls info leueb'Nmh mtK the Bann.Fo»t Ferry, in the County ofArm4i^b ; then nndingiti Way through the |i0ugh, it i^es a^ain from the North £nd ot it, imd binding its Courfe Northerly, divides the Counties of /Inirimai^ l^ondtnderry, and having wa(he4 CiUraiHt falls into the Sea a litde l^o^hWeftofit. The Ltf, called alio the £«//, and in Latin Lfvimt, rifes oat of 1 l^ake in the Barony of MmjBttrrjt and County of Cnk^ piarkcd la inoft Maps by . thie Name of Lough-4ilin^ and in others longk-Lu, which feems to give it the Name of Lee, and taking an eafterly Coorie for about 26 Miles, is enlarged by many other Rivers and Rivulet^ till at length it embraceth the City of Carb, below which it is loft ia $hp Sea. I The LiJJt or Jnta/ify, is not remarkable for any thing elfe bil |bv having the Metropolis of the Kingdom feated on its Banb. b rif^i from the Mountains near the feven Churches in the County *,«» *" County H their NoSi-^7»' ^- **^ ^^'<* fou^^ptfon *** ^*5°°** ^«^*r St Jttva IM f n B L ji H D. |Uv« It and«r their Conftderation, not only to make ^is {(iver nart. gable, but to give to it by Cuts, Canals, and Sluices, a Conununica^ fion with fome other Rivers of the Kingdom ; but what dieir Wifdon^ ind polilick Spirit will produce. Time muft fhew. i/UiiufaihiriumJTraffitJt.'] The Difcouragements laid on htlmi by the k&. of Navigation, and other Laws made in England, are fo auny, that it cannot be expe^ed ;hat this Country (hould floariih fo inacn in Trade, as its natural Situation, extended Coafts, its Rivers, !^ys, and Harboura, commodious for Navigation, would feem tq ^romife. And theft Impediments will, continue till the People of jEtr^AiM^ihal] think it their true Intereft'to admit /r//W into a fuller Participation of Trade, which one Time or other will be the Cafe, iiot only as it will produce an Increafe of Taxes, which Riches an afibrd, but as the Wealth of this Country mnft in the Event, as it now does for the moft Parr, center in the Capital of that Kingdom ; of which a Hint has been given before. The chief Exports of In. iandcowixk of Linen-Cloth and Yarn, Lawns and Cambricks, which are fully manufafkared, and exported to confiderable Advantage, the EngUjh Lfiws giving great Encouragements to this Branch of Trade ; which, in Reality, with a few Exceptions, may be faid to be the Source of whatevet Wealth is in Ireland. To thefe Exporu snay be aidded Wool and Bay Yarn, exported to Ergland only ; Seef, Pork, Green Hides, fome tanned Leather, Calf Skins dried, TTallow, Batter, Candles, Cheefe, Ox and Cow-Horns, Ox Hair, Horfe-Hair, Lead in no great Proportion, Copper.Ore, Herrings^ fined Fi(h, Rabbit-ikins, and Farr, Otter-fkins. Goats-flcios, Salmonj and a few other Particulars. Writers even of Yefterday report, that there is a confiderable Export from thence of Pipe-ftaves, and that the Country is not yet iufficiently cleared of woods ; the contrary pf which is weli known, for there is a great Scarcity of Timber in Jrtlmnd for common Ufes ; and what is neceiTary for Building, &r. Ss imported from Abroad. Many of the Iron Works there hare |)een fuffered to go into Difufe for Want of Wood to fupply them ; and fuch as continqe arp chieAy fed by Timber iearched for in die Sowjpls of the Earth, in Bogs or morafly Grounds, where they hare lain for immemorial Ages. It has been obferved before, t)>ait Wool and Bay-Vam are allowed to be exported into England^ and into no Other Party ; and yet from a Thirft after Gain, all Hasards are rsa i l^feod them by Stealth into other Countries, to the great Detriment f>f the EBglifit Wopllen l>ade, which the Severities of repeated Laws Iriff,, f 'ong In «»ve nruci weni to be fcodied Pej ofthe Air Mqw, vai ftftions. The anci ^ ftagged ^teches cs -Gown; anc ^de pf hal jewvecon pe common , J% are /<>%, as to "Win thi ft ff^wW fon BttU as any ^'fi of tHc I J«»n at Crt £*^"" had D J'venoutof I \r^i^» Acadet ^ R E L A H D. KeaderaftSy. Jh7"J^ '"-nymo/em WrSr,. ?f "^?? ^^ »»» '•i^ing any AJ owncT'fnr fil d *!?' ^n«'«w» have d5 ' ** ^"'•^t inerwluced from S to t^. ^"'^"»«'«>'' and civijfe .T'*'***"' .Qoarters of the W««U ^^ ^"PPofed to h«» ancient Fi between thrr!h,S^'^**"' « ^'ouU ^t h! il ^' '"^ «f diflGrnt fe«W; theSi!^^Prt'.C?'«>"ent Jffem ^t? ^^^^^ ^^^ '•nd lank darVH^r tk"'^ &''"'«anccsrhlwnt »1 ^''2?''» «»«»r 'iquat r-t Stature ^K^r"^ *'^ ^^ « difem r^ '■'^"*' "d P«)- ^•avemuch worn o«r ^k y*'i?"»^^ixtui,s ofTh- S;."'*''*?"- ^Pnbtleft, feem to be y« v?f,ul R^''^'.-^'«''L«'ons. of which 7"' ^^ Warriafie,; bodied p4";'^^;?^^^^^^ ^P^F^ nge^^V r.'*'''^'^' ^^'^ f.^ Air) boJd^S7o^i^^^ pr?.,ft;> j?|?s c^^?;ti.r •?'•"?«• Goj^i and both Mm^!;^ S"" ^<«nen worea mZ?^« *"** «*>& I '"'" as any Natin-f • r^***' I^arnina. and o? * T ''^'''""' batk ^°gh to mem r A° C*'*/' «»« boaft of • ^r " ''^^^ted a Ge- fwnot be difpS"' ?*«"'/• Their BraveJv -tl k^^: >'-'-*•• L»Eft«n,inS L';\**'f*'«twVDay7S^^^ ^•^•"ry SkiJ I J'' ^nd^ tt w faid, rhat at ■4. J94 I R EL AND. frnttrnf^ th* Iri/b Tioopt in the Fmch Service rcftored the Batde, «^n their PriodpaU were readjr to give Way. It would be well 7m madh could be (aid for their Temper as lor their Geniai and Bnverjr. lmp»f*.'] The Injb and i)/*////} or fFtl^ Laagaaget are mach lie iame m their Stradure, and differ principally by the Intermixture «f other Languages with them from 1 ime to Time, by which they have been more or left refined or potiflied, and an Alteration in the Jltonnnciation, whereof Thoufands of Inftances might be given, which wohU belittle to the Sati«fa£tion of the Reader, fince Oe Irj/b Lan- conge is in a Manner bft, or at leaft underftodd by very few. Let it mfice therefore to give a Specimen of this Language in the Patcr< |ilefter, or Lord's Prayer, viz. Ar Naihmr a la or Stamh : Natmh- $bmt timmm ; TigeaJb dt Rioghaebd : Deantat da tbeil mran taJamhf hmt dk mitbear mr tuamb. Ar maran Uto tbum bail tabbmir dbmnn m niu, J^maitb MmimH Mnfiacot mmr $nhaitmidne dor bftitbtati^Haihh ftin, AlgWi *4 liig Sina aceatbabadb, aebd Soar inn o ole. Oir it Itatbd fii% MRiogbaebdt agut OHcmmbaehd, agusattghloirgofiormight. Amen. MigtM."] The Religion eftablifhed in Ireland it the fame as in Mnglatult both in Do^rine and Difcipline, and no DiiFerence between the 59 Articles of each. The canons indeed of both Churches do Bot exaAly agree, though they had the fame Air and Spirit, yet for* merly they ditfereid in a few Articles, which were looked upon as in- cfiains to Calvinifm ; to reform which, it was eftabliflied iq » Coo> vocation convened in Ireland in 163;, that fome of the Canoni ftonld be feleAed out of the Englifl> Book of Canons, and foch odiers added, as ihould be judged agreeable to the Genius and Polity of the Church of Ireland, which was accordingly done. The Go* vcmment of the Church is under four Archbi(h6{js, namely, Armaih^ 1*ho is U)e Primate of all Ireland^ DniliH, (to which GUndal^b hath fceen omtedever fince the Reign of King /0i&/i^ Ce^elU (to which ITm^ was united by AA of Parliament in 1568) and TWam, (to which Enaebdum was united in the 14th Century, Mtyo in the 15th.) and JGlfmtrat which was annexed to Tuam upon the Reftoration of Kint Charles the Second, and hath gone with it ever fince, till lately dw St is transferred to Clonfirt, and Ardagh in iXiKoom difunited froia Kilmort, and carried over to this Archiepifcbpal See. Under the Vifitation of thefe four Archbifhops are nineteen Biftoos, nameljr, iroder Armagh, Meatb, (to which Clotimacntit was unitea abobt the Year 1 568, < Ciepher, Down, (to which Cotmor was united by the ?bpe in 1449.) Kilmore, (to which Ardagb wai onited in 1661, bat IKMv lately transfured to Taam) Drtmore, Rapb$e, and Deny. Under the Archbiihop of Dublin , Kildare, Offorj, and Ftrm, to which Leigblin, has been annexed ever fince the Year 1600. Under the Archbifhop of Cafl;$ll, Limerick, (to which Arifert and Aghadte were united in 1663,) IVaterford, (which was united to I^/more in 1363. by the PopCt and confirmed by King Edward the Third,} C»n, Vniverffi ttefi/b'ng c tfd Undivi Elizabeth } Istchelors, Irff, by tl J»«e of m "ot it confi ■** fcventy »pon the F( «»nt 500. ^^9' : and < ■"tted into it j^» Monafl. J*" granted Wy. and bv ^«*e. in I, C^«itution 5i *»» Charter o fft Charter, \ *"« after the "^ 'verp madi J^' Thef *'oaths after 7l (Wted 19 Mi) Gfcfiu and Kiffalot, Under the ArchbiQidp of T»tm» ■ "7 of the Fdk ^ R E t ^ HT 2|»t'nued r» ever fiidu TW,1^ »^« »w»«d ij .^?**'' «» huh neifW Dean m«r^L '^^ ^e'' Coanfel •JH^I ^«>« «3 Archdeacon uZ hL^^* Fl^^'^'STSv'SSio^^^'^jS Common Seal. wLlTS. * '" *''« Nature ttTacSL^ ""**'" ^'WS 'he Church of uJll Majority, f j,i, :, ^ '«■"« of one of aZ «!» fame in a Pn^ ^^ ' Supremacy even S. ^i^ '"* '^■pifts. wiul lkeinfcriSc£LVof'..*";?*»«* Chord, ^;:*/*«' Biih^n/?^ «« wth an abfolate Swa^. ^^ ***'^' ^^^Iw/whJr^^*^ *^a«.e o^f more . y'l '^""^^^^ of a VmvI'*' *^^ *«cu|tie,?^ f *J it coSV",',!^':!.Scholars ^/^^^ij^ ^-^C J^dJ »?9> ; andontheotfo/r °^ '' ^« iSd o^ a***""*^^ « «^ to^ J R E L J N n: mquai Number of the fumringfenior Fellows, together with the fro* voft ( and upon a Vacancy of a junior Fellowflup or Scholarlhi[iy that ■^e faioe be £Iled by the Provoft and fenior Feltows, or the major Part of thcra. together with the Provoft, on the Mt»dajf after Triniij SauiUy fbUoiving die Vacancy. By theirft Conftitution, the Number «f Elbows were only fevcn, and they of equal Authority, without DiAinAion, into Senior and Junior, fiy the new Charter, the Nam> ber of Fellows was cniareed, and .diftinguilhed into (even Seniors and S)ine Juniors, (which Number has bejn fince augmented) and the dumber of Scholars was enlarged to Seventy. The Mortmain Li- cence, which by the firft Charter was 400 /. « Year, was edarged la 600 L And the Vifiioifl, appointed by the firft Charter, were the Cbancelbr, or his Vice-ChanceUor, the Archbifliop of DuiJim, the 3iihop of Ueatht the Vice-Treafurec, Treafnrer at War, the Chief Jo^ce of the Kiqg*s £ench, and the Mayor of the City of D»^/f«, all for the Time bebg, or the major Part of them. By the new Charter, elig«' Sfhedls^ Thew are In Irtlamd feveral Free-Schools ereAed for tlit X^lucation of Youth, and endowed both by publiclc and private Mnc nificence, which fliall be only in general hinted at i for a minute De< fail of their Numbers and Foundations would not be of any coniid^ rable U(e. King Jtimti I. endowed a Free-School in each of the fix «(cheated Counties of l/^rr, with Lands of confiderable Value, namely, M the Counties of Armagh, Tyrant, Donntgrnlt Ltnitnitrry, Cawm, mid Ftrmmiiagh. The Aril Dukeof Qrmaw^Terefted and endowed t $chool It KtlkftfO* ^>(b a goQfl School- Hou(e and Habitation fur the Matter and Sch^ars, and a Rent Charffe of 130/. a Year for ths Maintenance thereof, together with a fm^I Portion of Land. Erofmu Smjib, £(q; endowed the School of 7V//«r«ry with one hundred Marki annually, beOdesa Uoufe and Garden, an4 * fmaU Parcel of La^d; «nd feveral •ther Places in the Kingdom have tailed of the Fniits of bis Munificenca. The Sutute of 1 2 EUzabttb provides, That there Aiould be a JFree-School ereAed in every Diocefe in Irtlaml, the School- Mailers to be Emiiijbmm, or of the En^lijb Birth of Ireland ; and the Nooination to then all was Jod'^ed in the Chief Governor, except thofe pf jtrnuib, Pmi/iH, Meaib, and KiUur§^ which was -veiled ii che refpoAiye Prelates of thofe Sees. Tha Wiildom of Man coold i;iot contrive « more eRcAual Method ifor the Jnllnidion of the poor Popilh Nativ^es of htltmi in the Priii' ciples of real Chriflianity, and lor the inmiring them to Induftiy, Labour, and Obedic;ice to thjeir Sovereign, than the Inilitntion of, fb» hfrftrtfttd Sititty/or frmutitu Englijh PrHtfiant lf^$rifHi-Stbt$li. The firft Rife of this Scheme was effected fronf froall and incpofidcf' «ble Beginnings, in the Year 1717. Dr. Hewj MmhU, the prefcnt P^fliop uf Mi^tbf being then only ^ bcneliccd Ller|;yman, promou ' IrpriV tertani write, Many Sabfct. ^erfiry and by and Cc PariAi Cbarttr «mngft this Froi fcgallyj Parts, a taineda *>dAfon( poOimad fie late M »« well «fd Gent) •notife, to ^ Occafi figned in i •^'gracioi Mthe a+tl 'i« Council of Dorfet, ^ Prima •"tt immcdij •n^Mcd 500 &^ f »«'» « the '"mate was 1 J«'n Jn/lriw fce carried i„ Jf /«^e, for xnbcd 25/9 ?'''>"iIdin;f"o fjyPort. who. *^ that of \ ■ytnfwcfinirtj aWe^** °^'''' J'eSum,. Sc I •^''"•Infant. '&'''* «°^i«y, 5ciiO(rf«, one at ?/^ J?' ^^ft^t^DtrmM Ha c ^ ''>« Society fllZ "inj«te was nor Tk 1:^ conJnbutcd lefl^ c. "' ''^«»wi j tnrf «. I9i f k E t J tr ly. ICreaiod lifiant MaAen t and, after their ApprentiCefliipt are expired, a ^Intion of c A it giren to him or her wno marries a Protaftant with llie Apiptwation of the Committee of Fifteen, and a Certificate thai Sieoribe have duly ftnred out their Apprenticelhip. Befides theft lhtrty>fottr Schools, eight more are now building, and moftoftkn ft to receive Inhabitants, and three or four intended to be imnedi* edy fet forward. Add to thefe. a Charter Nurierv hired for thai fo in DmkUm, where Children, fent i*p from the Country in Ran« •re doathcd, fed, and taught, and attended bv a Mailer, Mibt%^ indKurie 1 from whence they are traufplaated to Country- Scboob, at occafion offers. There are between eleven and twelve hundiei Children at prefent provided for in thefe Schools, befides the Norn* Wr» in the NuHery { and between feven and eigjht hundred have bcii jMieady apprenticed. Ciriefitiij.'] An Exemption from Serpents, and other venooMM Creatures, may be well €fteemed a very uncommon Curiofity, ui BQt granted by Ood to any other Part of the habitable Globe, aBk& One may except the Iflands of Cntfi now called CtinHa, and Ei^fm Uftvicm; which Exemptions Stiitrntt Chap 17. and P/inf, Lib.! Cap. $1. aicribe to them. Mami has, indeed, Spiden and Kattt bat not poifonoQs. Another Curiofity, not much inferior to the for* ^icr, is the Credulity of Numbers in InUni^ and fome of them Mci of Learning, who impate this Exemption to a Miracle wrought bf St. Ptritk : Whereas the before-mentioned Solimu, who lived foM Cantories before St. Patrid, mentions this Property as a Mattr «tB known in his Time. The Ir^ W^-Dtgi, being Creatures of great Strength and Sin^ .and oi a fine Shape, may be ranked amo.ig the Curiofitics nf thii I Country, which have been efleemed as Prefcnts fit to be fent to Kingti of which there it an InAance in Sir Ttomat krwt, AmbaflTador to thi Grtat iitgal, who obtahted large Favours from that Monarch oa Ac> floont of a Pnfent of thofe Dous, which he made him in 161^. Then I It axunt, in the Rollt Office of /r#/««4/, ■ Privy Seal from King H*»tj\ VIII. obtained at the Suit of the Duke of jUbttk^kt ofSpsit, (wko| muoitht Privy.Council to Hi'iiry VIII.) for the Delivery ot two Gof Bawkt, and four Jr^ Greyhound!', to the S^aM^fib Marquis of !)//»• theVda eieemed the/«i«i Acoeantc " nirdy t "for b€i -weft, a, '• their Lii " of Hawfc •; fc) the A *' OlOnJy cj ^OKHintofl tbi: "Tj,, •• We Rye - wWch thej ;• Haws to i '' tt taore « "Mochas are I "Aottghwel •* » feund by ."in thefe tit rM|walIythe . WBgfi^ercifi J The^.,*.^ jMpeciesofbo P it /b«.d eif^J ^JfteceofN f^'V; in the C . *«pitheJi|ce i, fti.6ooC*^ te'W«ndW ^•n Penta^onai 2"«i'»«" Siaes t *"»»«« eoati 1 B?f .'*'net will, ;„. I "■■'«*««« (fan l„?T' .fnafca to tfi« ru ^ ** _ -"ofe of orto- CoT^yf •■»'^ ■ J2 ?"• "«"d«. round T^ " ''*^-*'- ■"'*'*•*»• «»««tioij i'P* the like unoJ^otef'^'^ ''^^ fi"gSX^«i^u'^ ^^-^ 'Of -frunguLr Shape JL^**" '»«"/ othefp^V^ **«• 5!^ Sea, nobody tnnfu '*'*'^« '"«"« itLpZ ^ ^°'^W- Ic koo I R IR L A N b: M many others joined rOand it, as it haS Sid<artareo«t of the RcS*" ^''^e becom«^^ When' s.'" «;•>«? ^t"^/. riiij'. -o &„tL'';r',!rj '"'SA' fff'^ or other cXtr *''''*'^«« ''^on, a ^i^^ *""'•"'' « wi' mut^ll ^*y' under the 0«1^« P">^^«^"-»<»r or r ''^- 4et r R B t A N m V Great Se«l of MmglMuf, Aich and no other fliall and my pafi and b* •* «nifted in the Parliament of /r«/««/, in cafe die iame m agreed and ** idUved apon by the three Eftates of the Parliament oTAviW." Now iince qiefe AAs, Laws ttice their firft Motion cither from the Irivy CooBcil of frglaUd, or from- either of the Honfei of Farliament; bnt ihev moft be certified over by the Council, and npon th^ ftetarn •nder tne Grcm Seal of EngUuu/t either the Lorda or Commons have 4 Negative to them. Parliaments thos conftituted make Laws to bind the Kin^om, and raife Taxes fb'f the Support of the Government, and ftr the Maintenance of an* Army of 1 2,000 Men, wfakh are cantoned' into Barracks in feveial Parts of the Khigdom, ud kept to a conftant Difdptine : And from this excellent Niu%ry are draughted-ia his Mv jefty's Service wherever his Affairs require it. This Parliameitf is confiitotod of 4 Atchtnihepa. 3$ Earls. 4^ Vifcoonts. r8 Biihops } andf 35 Barons. (Amonrwhomare^ lSnNr««Catholic!cs, who may qtuKfy' themfelvei tb fit when thev pleafe) and 300 Memberaaof the Houfe ,of Commooi. There are aifo in IrtlimJ, as in Ett^/atnit fonr Terms held yearly for the Dil]»atch of Controverfics between Party and Party, and hop Courts of Jnftice, namely, theCbantery, KtM^s-Btmcht Common Plui, and Exchtintr i in the firft of which a fingle Peribn prefides under (ht Name of the King*s High-Chancellor, and Keeper of the Great Sd. Jb the Ximg'i^Mt'Kif and Qommo»- PhtUt are three Judges in each, ssd Ml the Excbtfuff the Treaforer, ChaneeUort and three Batons, aid' ia all pf then fuhordiaate Officers. Here is alfo a Coort of Excbeqaer Chamber, for- coneAing Enm at Law in the oditr Goarta ; in which the Lord Chancellor, and Lad* Treafurer prefide, with other aififtant Judges. There are alfo Jtidges of AiEze and Goal-Delivery, being thofet^ tha fitpreme Courts* who travel twice a Year into the feveral Connda. (except that of JhAUm) for the Trhd of PrifoDcrs and Sniu of Viji- Prim between Party and Party : as alfo Court of Admiralty, wkkk Ku Jorifdi&ion in Maritime AfTairs, and is adminiftered by Comnif* fionlirom the Admiralty of EmgUni. Befides thcfe, ucSpiHtiuI Cnn:, aithe Convocation, which nled to be held at the fame Time withtk Pailiament j but has not been convened. I think, fince the Year 1709; theCourta of Prmt^Mivt, where a Comniflary judges of the ElUtcsof Feribos dcceafed, whether InteQate, or by Will j and in every Diocde cConiUbry Court, from whence Appeals lie to the Supreme Court ' PffCR^tive, and from thence to a Court of Special Delegates appoia^ cdbytheKiaa. TbeiaaaaaMb Govcraors ofCoantiet» and Juftices of theP( appointed by the King's Commidioas throueh the feveral C to prcferve tha Peace where they refide* whofe Power is groai iwm fcvcral Stataies 1 and High and Petty Conftable, and 1 Oftcm ifiiituicd-for dn (mb* find. B^( ^% chi^f Ofik^r of «* Cbttot Court I Wta to Qaai cettiag 1 kehow 2rui Colon veify, boi fiOBIwlfel ">« ancient OfAcRXCOj from Gdui. lUnda, and '''000* Us of thefe VVfii or Ctritani, Jartsof/r«i The forte «fled/iV^ \mty fuopo •na thofe Bf-i ftopIeofC*. <«-&JArdfom , Ufnch they ro «»'erned/,4.^ »'A n rhe great jti$6.vA/i A '^l,^y ad„i •''"Kings til ""'Wc Events h .^"Pofliblc I «o/l Pa •ft ivere oiade ! R i t A to nitti^e Jus Rewnue, a^ofiTS?-""*" fPPOwted by the Ifl„- wr^r. both on Accouw oftt'' '^'''^^. *:*" ^«^" ^'ini of . Cn^!^ r«W« Event, Jr.ppcnT ;l:h .^««.^''» '<^«K '•^iodftv^^j! "404 t k n L A N D: Jilbt, Declan, and Ibar, for the Converiton of the Irifl>i and not vlfitfi J out conliderablc Succefs ; but the bringing over the Princes and tho Bulk of the People to the Faith was referved for St. Patrick. BtJt gives an Account, •' That in the Year 684, Eg/rid, King of •« tiortbumbtrlandy fent an Army into Irefand under the Condu^ of " his General 5rr/^r;V/, who miferably ravaged that inbffenfive Na- ^* tion, which had always maintained a mod clofe and friendly Intef* *' courfc with the Evglijhs not fparing either Churches or Monafteriei, " which Teople had offered no Offence. The Irifti recovered out of ♦' their liril Surprize, and invoicing the divine Aid, aflembled their " Forcf s, and defended themfclves fo well, that Bertfrid was obliged •' to return home with Difgrace, and a /battered Army." Hift». rians are filent as to the Caufc of' this In-ation; but it was probably rtccafioned by the Jrijh giving Shelter and Proteflion to Alfred, natural Son to King 0/^j, who was Father to Egfrid, and whom Ofin-y hyd Knade King of Deira in his own Life Time, to the Prejudice of Eg. frid, and io feparated the Kingdoms of Dtlra and Bernicia, which before were united. The Deirians, by the Inftigations of Ef/rid, re- 'voltv:d from J/fred, who was obliged to fly to Ireland for Protection, ,and wait for a favourable Opportunity to recover the Kingdom. 4- D. 795, a more cruel Enemy than Egfrid invaded Ire/and,Mntlj, the Danes and Norivegians, under the Name ofOfimen, who, by va. rious Battles and SucccfTes, f.xed themfelves in leveral Parts of that Country, which they domineered over till the Arrival of the Englijh, during the Space of 377 Years. A. O. 964. About this Year Edgars King of Englandt fubdttedn great Part nf/;v/a«r^, with its moil noble City of Z>w/r«, asisfaidin the Preamble of a Charter afcribed to him, which ncvcrthelefs ii look- ed upon by fome Writers as a Forgery of the Monks. . jIt D. 1014, was fought the bloody and memorable BatdeofCb^ tarfe near Dub/h, on the 23d of Jtril, between Bryan Sort, King of I eland, and Sitrick the Dane, King of Dublin, in which Kin; 1 Bryan obtained the Vi£lory, though he, his Son, and Grandfon, a |reat Number of his Grandees, and 7000, fome fay 11 00 Soldiers, fell in the Battle. A. D, 1066. GodredCrevan, King of Man, fubdued Dublin, and a great P.irt of Leirjier, as is related m the Chronicle of Man, A. /->. 1 104. '1 he fame Chronicle relates, *• That Magnus, Kind •* oi Nerwcy, having fubdued the I fle of Mi», and the Orftfxo MortrghMach.Leghlin, King of le/and, commandinH ** him to carry them upon his Shoulders through his Houfe on Chrif " m^s Di\y, in the Prtfence of his Enib-fTadors, to fignify hii SbW •• ji'dion to him. The /ri//j received this News with great IndignJ-j " tion ; but the King conlidcjed better, and told the EmbaiTadors ' •• he would not only ran y, but alfo cut his Shoes, rr.thcr than Kinjj •« Mflgfiui fhould l.ny W.-illc one Province in Ireland ; fo he complif^ *• with the Or(icr, and honourably entertaii^iiig the EmbaJTador *• fent them back with many Prcfents to their Marter, with whom k made a League. The Embafiadors returning, gave their MaH «c * ao Ac " acTioi *' wJioIf <'ootiJ A.D.i Pope's L« SerWceini Arckbifhoj after, and duuintijig J NsrFJace. fw«tty»;hj "»»• Staft fane4 Con Fofic«tc.4jij <>nWtUMll|] Jw -Peer, at f W, not < «iiy commiti f thofe whc «»«», and t P^yasfrequ, wadi France. »*V, that th< MfcimaBuJi, "«'. for the J «u Manoen J'^Popepw ^ *e See of ':««agc ifl tho( ^^ The Bui «ad in a Synt •Wjed Affairs I ""•prevailed or ^^, which i, l,^ />. 1168. froahis firft^j }« Nobility, am JiachingtheWif •«'o»vnConfcnri AnrliWAop ^f^fc^^V'-'W, which wff feJlilT. °^/"'*^'^fc Pwfeutc tkiTs^ur^ *•** «« '«• It will K,. ;f "°"**'n8 and re. f^y as freauen» ;»:j *^ * yranny over thcV ii- ?"6"\*>na 'old as ?«. l"?!* P^faded fc?f;.V,f .P™P>|.tin8 Virh,. !m'.I'?? '> ty fc Bull, tffif ?;*•/"•"' """"R 'Sen. The i ™* P^o^rnUafcnt ,„ the Abfence of h!r Hufe ""J^^.'^f a.va, by I Cc J "■*«'-^ made Suit ' CO i^. J K E L 4 n D. fa Htdm'ii O-Cmmot, Kin^ of IftUiid, for Aid to revengr thii Oa»i lage, who promifed him Succour, «nd immediately difpatclied Co«f. lien to (he Kings of OJcry and Mtmtb, and to Mack'fwkili, the /)a. jHJ^ petty King of i9i«^//«. who all, though Vafials and Tribnuries Ito Otrmotf, were readily prevailed on to revenge their own Wrongs, iind moft of his other Sabjefls defertcd Ring Dtrmtd. . 1 htts forfakcn he abandoned his Country, and with 60 Servanti iff his Retinue, repaired to King Utmy il. then in Aquitaim at War vvith the French King, and in a moll lupplinnt Manner in^lored hi« Aid. Though HMrj could not aflift him in Perfon, yet taking his Oath of Vaflalage and Allegiance, he cave him Credentials to all iiis SubjeAs, En£ti^t Norma*, If'ttcb, at^d Scots,, importing a free Li. ]Bence to aifiA him in the Recovery of his Kingdom. Dtrmd pail^ to Briflol, where he caufed Henry's Letters to be publiihed, as well as his own Overtures of entertainment, to all who would aflift hiin. His chief Dependance was upon Earl Stronpietv, a Nobleman <^ great Abilities and Power, but by his Profuiion obnoxious to his Creditors beyond Meafure, ai}d from thence moft ready to embrace all Motions, that promifed any Means of extric^ing him from his Difficulties.' ||im Deracd engaged by promifing him )ut Daogkier Eva in Marriage, and theRevcr^on of tne Kingdom of i>i»jff/r af^ his Death. In his Journey to St. David's in IVaies, he contra£lcd for the Afliftancc cX Robert FhzSttpbetif, and Maurice-FuK QereU, hy promifmg them in Fee the Town of ^/Jt/er^, and the two adjoining Cantred.*. From St. Davids he failed to Ire/end, and wintered ai JFernt \a private among the Clergy, impatiently waiting the Arrival of his neiiUoni $oon after Earl Strongffw fcnt Rrymond-le- graft into Ireland, wi'.h 9 pr lo Knights, and 78 Ar- chers well appointed, who landed near W^nforj, and were ailaalted J by a ftrong Qody from that City, though without Succefsi y#. D. 1 170. In Augiji Karl Strougbonv landed near Waterford, at the Head of 15 or i6cc Meii, itcd anenipted the City, (then governed f R £ ^ ^ If Animated with thefc Succ.fl- n ** ^'"S** to turn their Arms againftiSr ^'T'^'pn^wded 'h« new AH- urportant Place iwn«w i ^f*^«» aUedtring that rK. j ^ ^"'«« Priw, i?«S?* K^i'^^f ;"?«"''»"» were makL.^r^'ir.^ 2.^ »''« f oSS^fhattotri^- '' "SSfc^:>^^^ .^-«. laid & Arms of /f^y^rS !.? 7?^ *^0"'<* givefodi a r- . • ^^^ ^"^ refolded to mleJ^' ♦1?)"*"'*^ ''«'« W ofa Fo?'""r. '° »»«> tnarthed in^thTv,; f''^' '^ ^^». an Officer °r' ^"** **^«^0'-« ftrfK, ^ '^'^"'S '" the Choice of »K u «" '"'' ^ w*"* ; but into Wr S:^'"« ^"•*'«' and the Earl m/riL^- *''«*'* to f^uterforJw\t)!\ » '» *""! t^Je Eart about A/S' / "o^J^ons. I Cc^ ^^*'^^^»"o«i>rohiblted • ail '4i>$ I R E L A N D. tJ\ hit SubjeAs from importing Provifions or Storn into Inbaui, aa^ commatided fuch of them as were already in that Kingdom to retum Home by j certain Day. This Step, and the News that King JU- tltritk had levied an Army with an Intent to befiege DmMm, brought the Earl back to defend the Town, and to confalt Means to appeafe the Kine'i Anger. RcJeritk invefted the City with an Army of ^0,000 Men, which was but weakly provided with Men or Visuals, the Stores taken within the City being niach confumed. However, they bore the Siege for two Months ; but then, all Neceflaries fail- ing, and no Hopes of Relief from Abroad, Sinmgbtm advised in Council to treat with Rtdtritkt and that he ftiould offer to fubmit him- felf unto him, to become his Man, and to hold Liiiifltr of him as a Feudatory Prince. But RoJrrick knowing the Dimculties the Gar- fifon laboured under, Jafiited upon much more exorbitant Terms, and therefore willed the EmbaiTador to acquaint the Earl, that un!*<< he furrendered into his Hands, not only Duklin, but Watirjord and Wix. /"urtf, with all his Caftles, and returned Home with his Englifi Forces, that he would without Delay giye the AiTault,, and made no Doubt of f arryiir|; the City by Storm. The^ high Demands were of too hard Digeftion for Soldiers ac- cuftomed to Conqueft 1 aud, by the Advice of Milts tie Cogan, they re- folved upon a fudden Sally, which they made with 600 Men. Tbe Enemy were fo furprized, that they fled before them ; I ;oo fell in the Onfet, and many Prifoners were ma4e, and the City was relieved in its greateft Extremity ; fuch great Stores of Corn, Meal, and Pork, ^eing found in the Enemy^s Camp* as were fufficient to victual the Garrifon for a Year. The Earl failed to Ergland to appeafe the King;, to whom he offered all the Acquifitions he had made either by tbe Swoid, or Marriage ; and it was agreed, that he Ihouid recognize the King as his Sovereign Lord, fhould furrender to him the City oi Dui- lin, with the adjacent Cantrcds, the maritime Towns of Leinjltr, tbe City of H'aterford, and all Cadles, and (hould acknowledge to hold the Remainder of ihe King and his Heirs. Mnc-T t^rkill iQoV Advantage of the Earl's Abfence, and arrived iii the Harbour of Publin with a Fleet of 60 Sail, and lo.ooQ Soldiers levied in the lie of Man, the Orcadesy and Norway ^ full of Hopes to recover his former Grandeur. He hoped to furprize the City, and carry it by a fudden AfTault. Eut his Life paid for this rafli Attempt, and moil of his Party were either flaughtt-red or difperfed into die Country, where, bein? odious to the Natives for their former Cruel- ties, they Were flain in great Numbers. Thus ended the Power of theO/«/« in Dut/i/i, who never after made any Effort to recover their former PoHeiiions. Many of them had before incorporated with the ^'i/f>, and now, upon this great Revolution, fuch as remained in the City or Neighbourhood, became quiet Subjedb to the EtigUjh, and by Degrcts grew one People with them. A.U. 1 172. While thefe Things were doing. King Utnrj was p'epiringfor a Voyage into Inland, where he arrived, near Wattr-\ ford, with a Fleet of 240 Ships, on the i8ih oi OHeber, attended by £ar^ Strcnghzv, William titz-Adtlm, Humfhrtj it Bohun^ Hugh dtLaij, Bolnt\ ttltrti 9r Men he did WiUtrfn Ltinfttr, who plac from thtfr and the Y From i received t Carkt i D ^"ig. K many oth( probably t puiiding a the iithol fwore Allej I O'Carre/, , OfBrt/My, cane no aa Submiffiont Ae became fidelity. 1 uthcSubmi At this Ti tUrelanJ, c liament, or theFefiiiral , for there wa therefore he 1 ion, corapof« wnich being fheer, made ^^Irtlaiid. I ^"fytothe , "ificence. Tl ^ntertainment *e ftaid there, «'!«>«/, for th. Aids alfonied ^iFrance. He «« Charge by to make the P, If'JoIe. To t , Grandees who W« his Right b «^J0iiiing Cant Wptcd. To«i M^^'^<^ifhe , at4 cturq gR»' oaghl }pufe my of AuaU, wever, es fail- tied 10 it hitn- Axa ast IteGar- ms, and inl?** he nd ITtX' ^ Forcei, Doubt of ildiers ac- , they ret en. The oo fell in is relieved and Pork, riaual the the King, her by the ognize the ty of Dni' tinjitr, the e to hold arrived in 3Q SoWert f Hopes to City, and Attempt* ;d into the ler Cruel- Power of ^over their :d with the icd in the [;/, and by Wtnry wa» lear ^"'t^' I ittendedbjil IRELAND: '40^ ttltrt FiiZ'Btrnard, and many other Grandees ; befide^40o Knights, pr Men at Armi, and 4000 Soldiers well appointed. The firft Adion he did upon his landine was to receive the Inveftiture of the City of W*t*rf*f^* >°<} the Homage of Earl S/retigtiw for the Kingdom of itinfitr, the Inheritance otwhich was granted to him by the Kin^ who placed Rabert Fittt-Btrnard in the Government of Wattrfirdf and from thence marched to Dublin, which Stnngbovo delivered up to him, and the King committed the Government thereof to Hugh de Lacy. From DiAUn his Majeily marched into MMnfier, and in his Journejr leceived the Sobmiffions and Homage oi Dtrmod Mac-Cartbj^ King of Corhi DowaU O-Britn, King of Limerieii Dtnald Mtu-gUla-Pha- druig. King of Ojfary ; 0-Pbelam, Prince of DtJUt, and of a great many other petty Princes. At Li/mort he held a Synod of the Clei^, probably to take the Submiflions of tnat Body, and gave Dire^ions for puilding a Caflle there ; which done, he returned to Dublin, where the I ith of Novfmber many petty Princes made their Submiflions, and (wore Alleeiance to him m Perfon, as Gillamabolmub, O-Chadeju^ 0-Carrol, KingoflViV/, 0'M*lagbliii,KiDgof Meatb, 0-Roiri,Xit» of Brtjiny, and many others. But Roderick, Monarcii of all lreltaid» came no nearer to Duhlin than the River SbmrnoH, where he made hi* Submiffionto the Commiffioners fent thither by King Htmy, to whom he became tributary, fwore Allegiance, and gave Hoftages for hit Fidelity. Thus all Inland made voluntary Submiflions to the King tti England, except the Princes ofUMtr, and they alfo virtually did w in the Submiflion of the Supreme Monarch Roderick. At this Time the Kine granted the Laws of England to the Peoplca tt Ireland, efiablifhed Courts and Oflicers of Jullice, and held a Par- liament, or fotaething like a Parliament, at Dublin, where he kepfi the Fellivnl of Cbriftmat in as great State as the Place would allow : For there was no Houfe there capable of receiving his Retinue ; and therefore he was under the Neceflity of haftily ere£ling a long Pavi- lion, coropofed of fmooth Wattles, after the Fafliion ofthe Country, which being well fumiOied with Plate, Houfhold Stuff, and good Cheer, made a better Appearance than ever had been before feen in Ireland. Many of the Irifi Princes flocked thither to pay their Duty to the King, not without admiring and applauding his Mag- nificence. The greateft Part of his Charge was expended in Royal Entertainments to captivate the Irijh, and his Time, in the five Montht he (laid there, was taken up in Endeavours, fo to fettle Matters, aa wholly, for the Time to come, to fruftrate his Enemies of the ufual Aids afforded by the Irijh againft him, when attacked by the Arms of France. He had experienced the Benefit the Crown received with- out Charge by private Adventurers, and was refolved by like Methods to make the Part he had gained, bear the Charge of fubduing the Whole. To this End he diftributed large Scopes of Land to the Grandees who attended him ; as to Earl S.'rongiow, (which indeed was his Right by Marriaee) all Leinjier, the City of Dublin, and the adjoining Canireds, wi3i a few Maritime Towns and Cailles, ex- i pepted. To Hugh de Lacy, the Kingdom of Meaib, to Jobn deCourcy, 9II Vljicr, if he could conquer it j and td Robert fitz Stephen &nk 4^ t R t t A ft i>. JiiliUi CtgOK, the Kingdom of Gwl.f which fomerly comprefienae^ Htfinond) and to ?hitip de Brme'i the Kingdom of Limtritk. But thefe rtwo latter Grants weft made after the King** Return toEmgUtid. J. D> 1173 The -Aebcllion of his Smi, the Dan^r of a Revolt in Nermandy, and a Plague aod Scarcity in Irtlandt hid the Kine on- •der the NeccflHy of haftening his Return ; though he was atiirft deter- mined to Aay tlie Summer feflowing in 'Intarul, to fortify it with flrong Holds and Caftles, and to fettle it in a State of Security. He there- fore having provided for the Government, and fettfed a Civil Adnu- miftrationin Uuhlim by • Colony from Br^JioU marched from Dubljut to IFVj^d^ where he embarked on ^afur MomUtf 1171. Thus was l)rought about this oreat Revolution with little Bloodflied, rather.by the Opinion of King m«*7*s Power, and the Tfiror of his Arms, than 4)y any real Force. A.D. 1314. The weak Reign of EdivarJtSl. his onfaccefsfiil ^ars with the Scots, Feuds and ConrentioDs aroongft the Bi^glijb of Ireland r, and the perpetual Rebellions of>the Iri^t ;were the Caufeof 41 very extraordinary Revolution, though of a ihort Continuance. The Kine of Scotland, for a Diverfion to the Enghjb Arms, this Year fett 9iis Brother Edward Brm:i wkh a fmall Force to invade Irtiani', who Sanded in the Nordi, and was joined by-great Numbers of the hifih He marched then to Dnndalk, which he took and burned-down in the TTcar 1315, and drove mod of the Ei^fiA out of Ulfltr. The Earl of VlJIer fought wiA the Enemy near C»/*rain, and -was routed, which ^vas fol!«vvcd by the Siege of Canick/trgns ; and Rcgir Hftr/imer wu

tb. From thence Bruce ravaged the whole Kingdom from Sea to Sea, and defeated Sir Edmund Butiir, Lord Jufticc, on the 26th of 7">'«'VO'> ^vhich caufed all the Iri/ivn Mfimfltr \nd Lem/ltr to rife in RelK!lion. But for wantofProvifioDi the^<-0/i wereobUged to march bick to Uljltr, where Bruit fnt down in his Q2»rters to that Dt.-grecof Q^ietncfe, that he kept Court, and lleld Pleas, as in Times of profound Peace. Bmct palled into Sat- imd in iji''* for frefli SuppJiec, and upon his Return was crowncfl King of hfliind at Dundalk. From thence he m.-irched with .in 1» tention of li^efieging /)itM'/>. took CnjUe- Kuod, and Sir HugbJjrnlii it. The Ci'izens burned dovn the Suburbs to teciir^ the Town, aui «reAed an out^vard Forti/ication clofcto the River along MtrthmntKn, ^iik the Stones of the Dominican Ahby, which they demoliihed iot that Purpofe. J?r«rt finding the Rffolmion of the Citixeni, decamped {from CafltKnatk, and mirched Wcfi varll as far as Limerick, ravag- ing the wnolc Country tJirough whicli he pa.Ted. Roger Mortimir, ;»ppointed Lord Juflir i 1:17, ai rived .it If'Mtfr/ordwith %9 Men at j&rmi only, and would not fuftcr the E.g'i//^ to fight DrarrtM he joined ,thcm. Rut ^rirrr, upon lii.^ Arrival, marched back to f/^/r, and tU jLord Jufticc was recalled to if^jf/^wY. Archbilhop Bicinor, being made Lor.i JniHce ii< 1318, appointed the Lord y«^« Btrminghn general ogainH /^»<-^, Vrho in p, ihjip Lncountcr Hvw Bruct at Dv- Jain, With jnco '•-( his Men. yci-n M/iff*!, a valiant Officer in Btf' tungbfinu^i 'I'rcupt^ luihrJ Uio chc Uattic with a HcfolaV(>n todcflroy ffieafof on the J file St«, King of within a Bruce pn the GloT The/, Impttiea Reign tl foine of I Second tc to make a in 1394, i «Arins, I k«d Recoi Succefs, to wfift, nam of their pa| thepowerfu whereupon thorifed by * 4. on the Body of BrL.in^ °""*' **«** after the C^aa. - ^ wfift, namdv hu i; i 1^*-f'J^* Army, which »!,«. P''™'«' with ^hcVenpon the Lo^^ J« ^f^y made humble Oftl^i^i*?"*' «" f-'iing down. S. ?««'""• '"•^ '''* <-^h.cf of fte1^5r;^r'V-^- "J made .he" Oa/hrof T; v'''' *»«» Armcd^^'*" *^'''' -c"" of them totlcJcZ Jri"^'' '*'''<^'> W, the F?rl ,T'«"j a-d reSeJ^t.lirjTt'^'^ «f Wjrrmo»!^"'£ *^ ^ '^ *«« bound alt;.? • ?'^»*'''» ^-r-Afci.. - J V^' "amdy, -irtoSu':»LbS''''^i:^° »'««>!fti/caT*ctri^'^^^^ b«ak iem '^J: fL^ i^^''^«« '^at Army whiP"' »fc«y*wld«| ,J:i"MSrS^^tet::!tteS^ • I « PonS ai A^'"^ '''''"''* over aoa,^ in ^'/J °7'^ '*"'' « j'"^ '411 PRE L A N D. the Murrmgbst Kinfiellaghst Kavaitagbs, Bfrmt add 7w//, his great Army was much diftrefled for want of Provifions and Carriages; and ke did nothing memorable, unlefs cutting down and clearing the Paces in the Caveaagb't Country may be termed an AAion of Service. Bat all theTe Preparations and Refolutions came to nought by the Ar* rival of the Duke of Lmtafitr in fif^/^sW againft the King, who was obliged thereby to leave Inland^ and he foon after loft Ills Crown and Life. From the Time of the firft ReduAion of Ireland there were Com. motions and Rebellions in every Reign, but none more formidable than in the Reign of Queen Eiizabeib, when the Irijb were fupported by Forces from Spain, who pofleflTed themfelves of Kin/ah, to whofe Affiftance the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrtonnel marched from the North, at the Head of a great Army ; but they beine engaged and routed by the Lord Deputy Matuitjti before KinfiUt, tne Spaniards fubmitted apon the Terms of leaving the Kingdom. The Earl of Tyrme foon after fubmitted to the Lord Deputy npon his Knees, and was received to Mercy. The Power of the North was much broken by this Battle ; but TtrtKt and others being received to Mercy, and King Jamet iAuing a vommiflion of Grace in 1 606, for confirming the Polfeffions of the Ir^ againft all Claims of the Crown, it might have been expedcd that a perfeA Settlement of the Kingdom would have enfued : But a( this very Time the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnt't Maguir, 0-Cahm, and Almoft all the lri_^ of U/Jier, eniercd into a Confpiracy to for. Size the Caftle of Dublin, murder the Lord Deputy ana Council, and ; on Foot a new Rebellion { ard for this End had folicited foreiga Aids. As foon as they had Notice that their Plot was difcoverd, Tjrtnt, Tyrctnnil, and M»guir fled beyond the Seas, where they made loud Clamours, that they withdrew themfelves for Matter of Religion, and Injuftice as to their Rights and Claims; both which Points the jting cleared by a public Declaration fpread though Europe, which nay be feen in the 6th Tome of Rymtrt Collefkions, p. 664. Upon the Flight of thefe Confpirators, IndiAments were found againft them, upon which all that fled were outlawed. J.D. 1608. Sir Cuhir ODogharty, Proprietor oF the Barony of hiJamtH jn the County of Donnrgal, urged by the Intrigues of the fugitive Earls, and by AiTur;?ncei ot fpecdy Aids from Spain, broke out into Rebellion, which he inaintained for five Months with variotu fiucckfs I whereunto an accidental Shot put an End to his Life, and fome of his Adherercnts were t^iken and executed. Befides Inquifi- tions and Outlawries found and had againft the Adiors in thefe two Rebellions, and that of the l)ft of Quetn EHzabtih, they were all at* tainted by the Statute of i ith of King Jamtst and their Lands veiled in the Crown, amounting to $1 1465 Acres in the fcveral Counties of Oennfga/, Tyrone, Coleraia, Ftrmunigh, Cavan, and /trmagk, and enablcii the King to make tI1.1t Prohjiant Plantation in \}lfltr, which now, from the moit rebellious Province of the Kingdom, is the mofi quiet and reformed. ^ Th« J k E L .^ ^ Dj «»'ere made the Pretence, in rK—r"**^ ^°"«'« beforfSS/ '5* The Favours of Jf inn. •» ,. "^rcnatct /'■'W once more IX^T ^i '° *'"'''* o^ i"" own R.h»- • "-^y h^ve the fame .^"0^^^"" '""'' ^°™ ^"d Graf. • .„d ' «>"'«<» in Corn, W^olfS 3« and TaH '" y"'''^' T^^^'^plni "Oft to their Wealth w;sXlm2j^^^^ what «fcd to^^^Sf ■■ fM^j;.' ^'j"^u»v» ... 4U ^AK JSL&, ancicntiy ^ONA ml CttAomi of their own. The Ooke of JtM b now ^orerelgfi olf itmm, hu Grandfiither havug narrted the Heireis of the DtrAj Fa. nil^. Mtm wii never Part «f the Realm of B»giam/, though it i< fubieA to the OmymofMiiglaik/. And the PriTy-Coancil ia the hi .Retort hne. This Ifland wm firft planted hy the Brittai ; die Sects fohdued it, and after them the DmHts and tttrmtmt ; but in the Reien of Bdwanil. the Si^/j^ took Pofliiffion of it» and Htmy i V. granted it to Sir Jglm Stan. ijfft Anceftor of the Earii Of Dtrfy and his Heirs. Epifcopacy is efta. bliflied hcrc^ but their Bifliop has no Volte or Seat in ine Britiji Hoafe of Peers. • SCILLT Iflands are fituate about 40 Miles Weft ofthejymd's End of Emgkmd: They are very fmall, and encompafffitMirith dan> geioiM Rocks, which have been fatal to feme of our own Shippings particularly Admiral Shove/, with three Men. of War more, were caft away here on the a ad of OQtbtr j but there are foaoe good Harboan among thefe Iflands. WIGHT Ifland, the ancient Vea*, a Part of Hampjhirt^ lies 0{i. pofite to Pvfifmuth, and is about so Miles long, and 1 a broad* The Soil is equal to )«ny Part of SagUndt being prettily divcrfified with little Hilb and Vallies, Woods and Champaign. The chief Town \t Ntwptrt* ««««»»1|l««#»«*««»#««#«tMl«l«#«H|l«t »•«•«•««» TURRET. fbt Grand Signior*s Dominions are £vided into ibtii PariSj viz. 1. TURKEY in EUROPE. 2. TURKEY itt ASIA. 3. TURKEY in AFRICA. ^rU RK E r in EUROPE. Situation and Extent, Bet^vccn Between 1 I and >E. Lon. 36 7 \ md VN. Lat. 46 S J ► Being * 1000 MQes In Length. 9C0 Miles in Breads. liM. n O U N D E D by Rnjffla, PtUnd, and Sfi*-M/,VSe«or I I J Butrintt. 4i< TtTRKET in EUROPS. Divifiont. Subdivifions. ''CortHtbia — — lb the Marea, tbe an- cient Pehponntfui, ht- ittz the South Divifion- mGrttctt are ^rgo$ — ^farta *^ *— r Olymfia, where the Games were held Artadia Chief ToWitf: VapttidtRtmtirim Mifitra, on the River Euntu. >< OlympUt or £««. 'i«/ra, on the iver Aipbiust CoroH» Patris, Elh ■ ' ' *— E/iSfOt Behidirt, on the River Ptntut. Metmtaiki.) The chief Mountains are, i .The /ro« Ga/t Mountiuns ; 9k Rbtdtpi or Argentum { 3. Mount Atbot ; 4. Chimara t 5- Parnoju iad A^/icM j and, 6. J'f/tM, ifriwr/.] The chief Rivers ai'e, i. tiitptt ; 2. ^0; ; j. Ndfiiri 4. Pruth ; ^. Danube i 6. Save i "j.Alautai 8. Unnai 9. Drmj 10. Merova ; and, 11. Mariztti Stas, &c.] The Seas of Turhy are the £i(xtM or B/aci Sea > the Pmks Aft Otis ; the Sea of ManHarM ; the Arcbifelago ) the ItkiamSm and the Levant, Cufphs dt Bayt."] The principal Gulphs or Bays are thofe of 5«4* •ifAi or Tbtffalonitay Cntfjfa, Magntjia, GuerettOt Smyrna, Efbt/m, I Sata/ie, Lefanto, Engia, Na^oli, Ce/ocbiaa, Samot, StOMcbh, aiid ^^ | gropont in the Arcblpelage, Straits.} The Straits are thofe of the Hellefpont and Bo/j>btnn, Turkifh ISLANDS in the Archipelago W Levant] Sea between Europe and Afia. I. 7ttff«i >• Samandracbt I J. Jmbrcsi 4. Lemnts or ^/«/iiWiri| 5. Ttnedos I 6. 5'c/rio j 7. Mytilene\ 8. Ntgroptnt or Eg>ypin ( 9 5»i|| to. ^M(/r0i { 1 1. 7/w } 1 2, Zia ; 1 3. Ikirmia i 14. CcAr^ ; I J.f'/Msl 16. Dtiet I 17. Nicariai l8. ^«m«i ; 19. Patmos i 20. /'«rwi| tl. Naxiai 82. il/f7«; 23. A7»« within Doon «« cw ^ r^^iS^f^fe.tir'c^is'E?^-'!^^ Dd .#"' trfM i ■i»;-sw». -Aki '"^IP ,Bma .tliaie.my lyi^gifaitef^ that poaiih ^m^ iMkin the$tMeta, !iriU dri^ to excds thq|il^, ^ Their Pn^e alfb u iqfimpailiibl^ C^edn^y timiK^ ;^ ptbers- of a ^iHcrqnt Faitn. %nieiB|^v«s dBlxt%e(bem WUe, Val^t, andHbhri ihe itft gf ^e wgrld tic^,loi)k upon a« JFoob and ReprolNctcs, itna iile didn ac> Coidi^gly. Cmeftiiu.'\ Among the Cnriofides of STitrlrf, Ae Tcmjde c|f JuDnarvu at Atbtnst (now a Turkijk Moiqoe) almoft entire, nay be efteemed one of ^e nioft renud-fcaUe; Sir 0*»rjte tnnAr, who viewed it, ftys it is, wittoiit Comparifon, dM &ieft Temple in the World. Cm/h^w^ '^^k one of the gneiiteft Coriofitiesrui the Worid; fthefiiMftfoi>ri»JgNfi^» and caU6d>>y l^ay of Eminenop, The^mti it-hci alTo a'moft.fd^imVC Situatioi in Pointof Rrc^edl^ and diejioblB Amiaiiili«j|t'ConfMn»,«re ftprce to be paraUeM : TnatPait of it^wUch is eaUQA-lhe ,CiQr, u twelve Miles in Circomlereiice, and die S^abnda awe at i«ift of .eyMl Oimanfion«» the Whole connoted lo cooaii two IfiUJDQS 1^ 9ti3xS». inie*We,inC IS ^l^eyfttch a fO^ '"gi«atP| ftade ^re; r/r *^i* £Sd"«rri:?s-«« T*T'i,x &si"^ »k«iss «. Limietf Or Stalima^M i > ««. <>t ^tbiptli^r^r!; }^ fituate in the North Par* r u f«tel that is fold to r? •• ^~™ « ^' the 7*^7;'. Z*^^** ^"r- *«««« Wound? e^?'*'^^'"' "maSVw P"^ "i^« ^«> «Weio?!23!^^"^*'- OftWsI/ltndrJ*!.^'' *« chief -ToS, STted ^L^?P^'" '^"^ W» Mufi3^ %^'"*""-£^. Aid ti kite ^ manVPhitf^S *""'* Natives of this Manf?" '''^**^' •nd Oda "^W'ocwGrw*. The • 420 Turkijh or Grecian yUmds, *Thc Vineyards in noft Efleem are thofe of Mtjt; from wlMote dw Andents had their Nedar : TKe Ifland alfo prodocei OS and Silk, and they have Manuftaores of Silk, Velvet, Gotdj aadMver Stoffs; their inofl profitable Plant is the Maftick or Lenttik TMe^ froita which the Gam called Maftick iflbes, the Profit whereof the Government in a Manner monopolizes, obliging the Natives to fell it to their Agents at what Price they pleafe to fet npon it. The prefent Inha. bibnts are Turh, Laiitu, and Grteh ; tkel'tirks About, ten Thoufandi rile Ltuitu three Thonfand, and the Greeks an hundred Thoofand; their Women are reckoned the greateft Wits, as well as Beaoties, in this Part of the World, and are allowed all Manner of Liberties ; even their Nuns, it is faid, will be kind to Stranger" The Grtiii ate fuflvrcd to profefs their own Religion publickly, and to begovened by their own Laws, but then there u a Capitaticm Tax iropofed upoa them i the firll Rank pay ten Crowns a Head per Ann. the next three Crowns, and the meaneft People two Crowns and a half /fr //m. la this Ifland were bom hn the Tragic Poet, Tbeepemfiu the Hiftorian, TAetcritui the Sophift ; and the Chiots pretend that Homer was born here, and fliew us a Place which they call Homer''i School, at the Foot of Mount Ef»i • 7. Santos me is fituate near the Coaft of the Lefler JJia, almofi oppofite 10 Ephefui, fcarce feven Miles from the Continent, being about thirty'Miles long, and fifteen broad. A Chain of Moanaios runs through the Middle of this Ifland, being of white Marble, but covered with a Staple of good Earth, producing Fruit Trees and other Plants; Juno and Snmia the Sybil, are faid to be Natives of this Ifland, as well as Pythagoras and Polycrates. The prefent Inha bitants are chiefly Greek Cbrijiianst and faid to live in great Free- . dom, being better ufed by the Turht than in other Places under their Dominion. The Country produces Wine, Oil, Pomegranets, and Silk ; and their Mufcadine Wine is much admired: They have alfo fine Wool here, which the French purchafe of them. Here are great Remains of Antiquity, particularly of the ancient j City ofSames, and of y«w's Temple, Patronefs of the Ifland. Tour- ne/ort fays there is nothing in the Levant to compare to them ; Abun- dance of Marble Pillars, which once fupported Temples or Portico'i, lie neglefied by the TMris. 8. Patmes Ifle lies South of Saincs, and is about twenty Miles I round; it is one of the barreneft Iflands in the Archipelago, full of I Rocks and Stoney Mountains, without Trees or Herbage, and notai River or Spring in the Ifland which is not dry in Summer ; but thel Haven of Scala is one of the mod commodious Ports in the M/^'J ttrreueam ; the Convent of St. John is fituated three Miles South ( Sceda i the Building called the Hermiuge of the Apocalypfe, depend-j 'a. Saisn ^5. De?. 40 Miles in Cii vered over Volcano, as Jrft aopeara ifland, was «d Shaking ««ofthe^ •«"PMieJi, 'hunder, or •3. nbtdf, Win. N. tat. / Pillar in the Middle; in the Roof they (hew a Crack in the RockJ tbrouK •'*; 'W nwAe a Silk, Stoffs; B which ernmnt to theii nt Inha- hoo(and, hoofand; aatiesi in ;govented lofed upoB next three r Ann. In Hiftoriw, r was born at the Foot Afia, almoft inent, being Moantains Marble, but Trees and , Natives of frefent Inha- great Fre^ Is under their Turkijb or Cncum ffaais, 4|2i chren^ wUdi, aecordtag to tkdr Tradition, the Holy Ghoft diaatcd the Rtvdatim whidi St. Jtin wrote in hit Baniflunent, which hip- yiMcd ia tlw Rm of iDMwV/«f, ^. i>. 9;. 't^ In, the laft faid to be the Occafion of the Siege of Troy. , 12. SaHt$nH it one of the Southermoft Iflands in the Jnhife/agq, 3; Deg. 40 Min. E. Lon. 36 Deg. 20 Min. N. Lat. being about 35 Miles in Circumference. It is a Kind of a Pumice-ftone Rock, co- vered over with about a Foot of Earth, raifed out of the Sea by a Volcano, as were two or three other fmall Iflands near it. Samtorim firft appeared in the Year 1707; the Vulcano, which formed this Ifland, was preceded, in the adjacent Iflands, by violent Convulfions and Shakings of the Earth, followed by a thick Smoke which arofe ont of the Sea in the Day-time, and Flames of Fire in the Night, ac- cofflpaaied widi a terrible roaring Noife under Ground, like that of Thunder, or the Firing of great Guns. 13. RMes Ifland is fituate in 28 Deg. E. Lon. and 36 Deg. 20 Min. N. Lat. about ao Miles S. W. of die Continent of the leiTer W ) ilk gbbdWitt^, Fruit, n^aiMttmifvifMmlm^nk Vide. Id^ the OAim of Bnfi, db^iied one #^f^wlcn of the World* one Foot bdnv placed on pne Side of ii^^JMBm, and Pe btkeriFdoc Hh Sit Otfier Side, ib that Ships paMlpvceB iti the Face of the Cobffiu rqirdeated the Son, «r whom this wai dedicated ; the fiewht of it was feventjr Cubiti, (aboot bondred dUrty-itve Feet) and It held iii one Hand & li^-hoofe the DireAiOh of Mariners. The RhotRmt mttt oncie the moil (boofidttable Nnral Pofver in the MtJiteiramatit and infHtutled Laws % dit R^^tion of Nanntion and Commerce, called At Rk»diw$ Hm* by whidi maritiiie Caofes were decided in ^ Ae Prarinces W^ite^Rmaii Empire. The Kid^ta of StlMim t^Jtnt/khm, ^. iiil^oUiged to retire fifom fabftimt mvaded Vm Uand^ laid took it from the Turks about At Year 1308, and defended it agakift all the PoWkr of that Eintaire till the Year icak, when, bdag obliged to lablndon it to « fupdrior Force, the £nM>a[or i^rwai^ confmed she Ifland of InUut on the Knights, M which they ftill icaain ia fUTeffion. < li. CMtidta td^d, tiie andtat Crett, calKd alfo Beetaitiii^, fioii iJU hundred Gties, is fituaie between 2^ atid z; "Dtg^, of Baft iLon^tiide, and between 35 and 36 D^jtees of North KflMnfc, beSitg W6 hihidred Miles Idn^, and fixty brosS, sOmoft eqnaify aUbAtfittti ISt-ejie, .j/fa, and ^'^A : There are no confidenJUe fS^i in tiTc Iflmd ; Letbt is one of the laigeft Streams : Motthi Sb clivers dit Mddte of the Ittand, and is for th^ moft Put a barrel^ Rid^, fctfce any Tree or Herbage upon it; but the ValUes are full tf YilM^anls, Xrave-yards, Myrtles, Laurels, Oraoj^, and. Lfemon^ uOermixed widt other Fruits, and fine Corn-fields ; thicir Win^s, bMh^$¥hiie and Jted, are exoniiitelygeod. 7'a^^^i' was King of thiaJlfaHMb and, in iHjf Author's 0|anion, never tafied better NeOar than the JWce of kit «wn Grapes. The Qty of CtauUa or Muit'tm, the Capital, is fituate on a Bay of ;iih« Sea about tKe Middle of the North Side of the !ft-m(}, and wai tonce A good HiUliour, but choaked up at prefent. Th^ Siege of iddx City by the ^^ij continued twice as long as that dT Tr^of. Tbt tttrJ^Jttvmed it ia't^l^ginnihgof tih6 Year 1645) the %^tm&a .^f|d out till the la^End of Stitemier^ 1669, and iOA^ei^d atUft tftOon honourable Terms, aftier they had been fifftm^ Pb^*^ Tittd. TK^ Vtrntians lo^ hpwards of eighty thousand Mi^'ahdihie titrki ab6Ve ah hundred and eighty thOuiiad, during d^e Soi^, ;^; 1$. Cj^rut liland is fituate in the Lfoam Sea, betMniL $9 and 36 IDegrees of Eaft Lon. and 34 and 96 Degrees of Nhorth Lnc QCfpid. ^te to the Coaftof Syria and Palt^tu, fiwm whi^ it is ,vfit wm diit)' Miles djiUht It is foppofed to have obtained the {^toe ^ Cj^tUf from the grwt Number of Cyprus Trees iii'it; it "h aobut one iMMj-ed and fifty Miles long, and fevcnty broad. The ^ is hot lad .-T#. CMi» Imof or, and cell itt m thb (about it-hoofe le moft (dLawi Rho£m rovinco km, be- l tookk ft an the iHged to confentA eoaitt a dio0xfit»li » ofEaft iiiiiit&tti cdvcrs tlie l^rUttand * and, in of kit _in a Bay of fflejfc of i^arriibB lesdatUft .-i i ^ ^ dMut one ^i8 hot m '-^rW' S BT yi T^Sm Av mL> stmvr. I d i «» £ «.•■ B. 1^ ■-4 y^ yi 'jrt-viDm^ P^Mt jU «. .■ J J:-- ■ '-^n if ^ bT m JL3i, "U up f^^ il ■ B^iji ifP 'l . X /?&^ ^v^T^ M^l9r^ p^^^t-^x. B'^'it ^ [a > 1^ ^^Er ^ ^ 9' -v^^- fc' SVj W'''' V- .A.®: *5A., :^^^ 4ai« Ittt. ^' B. :h - 1 C M, Jk. ^ Ar4 / ivctaa^^ Jff.^fy r \ *^ .j.>' -Hj^txAl rstf^ .^»* •tlili^ i^JL' >J^^^ r^ Hi A V I tlM|ctfk(VA' TliipWi^ men pioftirated thcmfdvci t»' Jl^lii|Ben^ eftMBlif^ H.m Aft' or Ri^ctoo. The chief Town u Niafim,^ SeatoFike 7mM Vicwo/, nlid fimnerijrthe Refideneefltifi|UBi||; TkrdiiidFHoittCain beantbs HtmoiOdfrnfttt tfCwiildi liM.U(fB are iilrf^ boic in fwi;: Hoc aie.no Spriuei or Ilif4«f bat fodi m aKi>rodtce^b>f li^ an4- nal Raiaf. Thti Iflaad ha^l#ar unlirilJe •M49*«l>tliv£2'!P- turn, PSitd^iUfip Pirtmut mririOtHMmmi SW»MMlii| /Vtr/M»f, ani Utht, ^$thr^ L King of AMhW^ MMirig iliifii|an anhofpiublo tccepdon htte, (obdoei tM fhwli mMI tMn%r«l;hii Right to it 10 Gm ^ffipiMwr, titular Kini df JtrfifiUm, whoft Ddcendantt tranT* imdit iS^the^State ofniSl*', ftetftWhoartken^tDok it ^m f^To; idtf'hihrtfreaiiiacd'iii Fdfifi6n^e(fiteirerfin(Etf^ A S f A. XHB Continent of ^C* i> fitnati between 35 and 148 Degrees of Eaft Longitude, and betwan ttw Bi^oaior and 72 Degrtt-r trth Latitnd^t ^BooHMil^' Ion jt ni ^jeobroid; bounded by die Froien Ocean on the Noith, by the PaaMX>cenn oa the Eail, hf die /aifM Ocean on the Sboth, anid oh the Weft by the RtJ &ta, the Uvnt. Jr(hi^iaf0, HtOfJjitmt, ft^itHt, Me/fhttiut the^ BImei Sta, die Psm Mmitift Wiftr:D»ii, andia Umo diawn fnm t|Bt River to die River T»M, and from thence to the River Oly, wiukk iklU into die Froiea Ocean. Tk Grmti Divi/im of AHa^ htghmmg en tit m/l, ttk theft that follow^ vxt. Xiagloat and Stale*. C^Sftf Towni. Dd4 yPtUiJl, *sl ^a 4^ J S-J CMefTomw. 1? ' #. TMIBEtvAMOGUL fdSt fJRT. Ntniingt and Gnr. ^siasRU Jfiraeaa ing '•AM the North of ./. } 1 7iz,/4; No Towns hflre i the Na- IP. The jfj^ iiimdi, which coniift of Paft of the TiirJ^ Ifludi fdready ennmerated in the Arciiftlmi» and I>fa/«^ ; and the Qritmaf Iflandi in the ItuUam Ocean, of whicn thofe of T*^*' Ferm/a, Anj- 411-, thjB Phili^ms, Ctlihti, or Mmcaffar^ GihU, Ceram, M»hieei\ BMtkf fitmt0^j0Vti» Swmtttrmt C^yM^ Ba/fy, FhrtU ^Hfiv i M Nitoim't jfiukmaH, and M§Uivm Iflands are the moft remarkable. ^y^M jMtAMAk aJE^i^!^^ ^^^^A^ ^t^i^K^ ^^^^^a^ ^t/m^t^ ^i^M^lte ^^fe r ?7 12 if E r in >f 5 / ^. ^Situation and fittttnt, >B.|>>n.| 1 1000 MikaanLeni^ 9efwcen »7 and 45 ^e^een BtHMdariit,'] { VBei ng 800 Miles ia B-ffW)'*. OUNDED by the »Utek Sim and CirtqfflMtfn tl the North t bv /'fry^ 1 on the Eaft 1 by Armhi* and Che £mmm/ Sea o« the South ; and by th ^ ArtbiptUg; the H»lk/iml, ^PnftHth, which fenaraie |t from Eurtftf on the Weft. Piv'jfioB*. m ,%# p-v. OiA ■i?i' -L««^^S E IT .^^v- '1r* f l/.«*r 'ffsi^u JB^Utm ■'^ V M - O-Jf col ► I IW iP B H 5 I A i»^»«* JWIo^yirr H Tuangg Nbr^-- 1 ^" y Ail ^ Hi IMM wyys. L«l^ ,;fcn Bl« A C K $ Bl t^XriSL K Y 7W S 2^ ? -L B U III. O 3 ^M «%ilr*#**^ •^Menc Sj^'^r^f^ ■jMfm^ , '1^ k /^feiM^i*.^' A:$ t lAcvArrri !pWi^. A a: I .a) AuMLf .3^^^ 'lilA ^*'^***,> 1B:0I T3i „. -fc*^. :^ Tuaxr XV ASIA. X^TPT A B V t,%i AC K 5 B A mtuem kA^MC a $ I A >l =**^»**^, JUMrat* Z^4 '?:>*' ' ....*«.. .^^^-l MMBMM » ■ .g|.^ '^ - ■ 'S llSB 1y rl pw;: .>-fv««^,^ !»« Ii9 EtSLd i' ^ 4H|| %yk : •; " ..'.V * itJI^m^':' MMSpvA i.;^ ?^| I...,' 1^^^ 4li x««» « •• ■ ,v.~ -*> "1 r ^^* 1 '^V. .^jY T^ A S, A B X ^ ^i^ ■J^::::!: jATKJiiA > Ml ► I JP X ».$ 1 A r^JS; ^V n li 4|* *•;«■ qt. ,?>>; *^- *'■ w 0Mfian. SoUMfiooi. CUtfToww. 'l. Bjrmem Jfmik ChUtm ^. 2. Diarbee mafcmtt Tm, Sidta, vAjirm/tkm. Ofymftui t.Tmanu, and 4. Lf^iMMj 5. Jirnw n t ■<^ Rivtri.} The Rivers are, 1. E^braftt t a. Ttrnf { 3. Onmit 1 4. lHi§tu/tri 5. S^ratat ; 6. JCtrtf > aad, 7. 7>'''Wt. ^/r.] Taritjr, fitnats in the Middle of the Eaftem Con^unt, en- joys a temperate Air { no Part of this Empire extends far Nordi, and va7 little of it lies within the Tropic : They are not often inconiH jnoded lay Frofts, not fcorched with exeeffive Heat, and yet the Air k not healthftal } the Flagne vifits moft Parts of die Empire once in four or five Years : As to other Diftempers, they are not more fofajeft to them than the People of other Coantries : But let what Diftemper jbever rdgn amongft them, they take no Precautions to prevent bemg infeOed, but go into Hoafcs freqoently where they know the Ph^pa is } for as theDoQrine of Predemnation prevails in Tirity, they thnk it in vain lo endeavour to avoid their Fate. SnI taut Prmkit.'] Turkey is advantageoufly fitnated, in a fivitfal Soil, producing excellent Wool, Corn, Wine, Oil, Prait. Coffee, Myrrh, Frankinoenfe, and other odoriferous Plants, and Drun, in the greateft Varienr and AbuDdance ; but the Tmrkt are generaSy abow applyiug themfelves to Manu£iAiires, thefe being chiely managed by Iheir CSriJIum SubjeOs, lf«ae- ^1 MUmtihJm.y Their thkf MUniMSmt we,Ctfm ^Ikbom: Ijiiiliii^- sndtSM^^; uM wrioNNM (rem th^odRaw 8Uk»Qiognia ^w°» Dyiag-Aafr, RUnbar^, Fraic, and Oil'. trJ^A No Country is better i^ated for TralSck dutti this, ha* viof th<«l9a'^iE;"<^>on o» the SJaeA SieM, the £««««/; and the Red S fa, afia c6fileqn^nt^ giibaler O^rtunities of impdrtins the ndi^hder- chandizes of the ISJm, and dUmbuting them all ov9t£iir»pe, than aoy aBarifludb^oweas But (hev n^Ver attempt diftanr Voyages, and have very few Merchiot-Shi^, Doth- tfieir Imports and fiaports being made in.ror«i|n Botwms. TKe L*Jir Jja, Whiii-e is at his Difpofaf : Bok a late Traveller (Jlr/r««) Inures \>», timt we ought tt^makeaDiftinAion between tho<« ^buiU and CMacsrs of the Grand Signior, who, accordug » the twkiifo Phrafe, tat his Brtad, and thofe who have no Office un- der th^ Government ; the latter have nothine tp^ fear, either as to tyiLivtff or EdeAs; and do rfbf day tiiy mt^ to the Govern- aicnt ; bat, as they fiioM' their latun by Mitnri^y Tinutes, »ey are oUigtii^iv tafte^ih« Field when thtf Gcaad Supmr le^dks it, with » ceircaia Namber of their VallSds. Shoahl the Gmid Sigaior ar* tonpt to tax ihcav or whangs their ancient CoAoals, te woaU raa Ac lianrd «f beiaf depofed. As to the ochen indoid, who arc hh Creatnrea, and Iravd been prcfented to hioi, or' paithafed bjr UflH •ad bred np in the Seraglio s theie be fquecws, difaMces, and pcft l» DeatK, upon tie leaft Soggcftion of their Di(hieftian» or Mi^ conduftir winout giviar them an Opportunity of answering far tbcah fttvu « and their Childied fcarcc ever faccce£ either tc thcii Poibcr lAaetoaes*. The great Officers of State arc, the Grand Viaacr, cr Prise lfi>- niOer ; the Mufty, or Hi^i Priell ; the Viziers of the Bench, who fit in the Divan, or Court* of JuHice, with hidi ; the Cadaliiqoiers, «r Chief Juiliccs of Provinces j the Beglerbegs, or' Viceroys ;' the jSa^, or Governors of Towns and Difirifli under the Beglcrbeg,^ : the Kaimacan^ or Governor o^ CenfiaHiiaafUt who Is the Grand VizierS LTeurenant fti his Abfence ; the Treafuier ; the ChaaberUm, and other O&ccit of the Houihold ; the Aga, or General of the Janizaries i lUw aUkfOiognn aifick dum this, ha- tf, and theRtJSfa, rdng the lickMer- ir«r£iir<^»thaBMy Voyage*, and have Exporu being made ich Fields and Vine* r^erly adoined with lufldingi, are all now '>ife anciendy. The ailtine, but let eTC7 r, winch once toin« I, are in their Poflief* Day. And well h ii »la)t Generation, for tnable them to monO' te^it. M of the Tm-kt hn- I lioUintted, the Peo- every Man's Life and IfiU a late Traveller kDiftinaion between r, who, according la o have no Office 'Ot to^ fear, either as to iHU to the Govern- ity Tenures, ukqr are jMDk- le^olKs it, with \e Grand Signior ar> tAoAst te wonU m indeed, who are his paithafed bf hiiB> ii^MKes, and pj* ,ifiJeftian> or Mit answering far the** kitfaer t* their Poft>« ,,».er, orPriiieM^ If the Bench, who fit [the Cadalifqoienr or I, or Viceroys j the UdertheBeglerbegM 1 who is the Grand Ir } the Chamberlain, la, or General of the Janizaries i ttJ RKMt ih ASIA, 4it '^0 „ \ I tud tiM Ci^>tahp.Btffii, or AdMrid. Thwr *te Atf HcAtiqr orffaedinry Gofcnmcnti in THrint MtttltuaidpetaQtIdm afSiate are all edncnied in the Senrilo, Ibciig the CUUMl IT CkriiM PifcMi, taken by the Tartm In thdr Excorfiofis. or tef. chafed bfifcK Merc&afit4, many of Whom dad only in this Itud df TtM^ Sometimes, indeed, tfte IthifglUt Chr^l^ ^^e at ifth k4^EmpbyBMmts in their Fleets and Annies, ahd «re bblerved b have dene more Mifchief to C&n^riMMM, than tho(b who hiVe bom cdocated Maktmtank, bdiihg bener ikilled in the Aiii of War ar > Naviptdon, than the Turh nfdally are. As for the attive 7M/, fe v of them are found in any ntat Pofts. It is of the Chlldrto of Cir fimu or MtmgadMi, t&at ttdr Officrrvbdth Civil and MiUthiy, an^ ^ beft Part of thenr Fotocs, ttt compdled. Plireei,'] The Foi«ea of the Tmit are very mimerooay b«l ill* mateft Part of thraaconfift of a Kind of Militia, every Oemfeiuui boldiag hia Lands byjnilkary Tenures, and is obhged lo bring a ccftain Number of Soldiara into die Fidd, in PrimortioB fo dio Efiate he holds. 1MS)» laay ainoont to feveral hundred Theofiwik and are called out to AAion whenever the Government require* thaiir Service. But it is their ftandidi; regular Troops th' ^4 ^/ Fhotogmphic ^Sdaioes CarparaHon » w«i MAM tram WtMni,N.T. t4tM (rt«)in<4Mi '4> 4*1 fff-f^,K B Tim Aii 4 MQMnK Mciuiprkidi tufff orooscd npoi Q19. vA( |bdr woBfn : Tlitjr j^oOeet the (rvawft B«attii|; widi in dtt iia|^boariiic Otontriei, to brora dk > _ . • cirodkeil or dmriMd PicGe Ipr the Sake of H f^MM Bieaiitjr and tood Senfe are tike only In nawm e iiu 1 tliwc. TIm Mien ihav« dieir Heads, bat wear tlw&r > cnpie | Tbcfjr coter tbeir Heads widi a TariMnit of nn einni^i Siie^^ never. pn< it off bat wkeji ihey fleep : Tbey Mr no Ot0km^!tk'i»,^ ttajk, to wear white Tmbaoti bat dieni(U««i : Tlinr Brenchei or' Prawera a|e of a Piece «^tk their Stockini^^ M <^ ^E? ^CP"* inHead of Shoes, which ther ^ of wh^ iney enter a TjenMi^ Hoafe : They wear Shirts wiih' wide Sleeves, not vilhped at tlM^nlr or Neclc, and over them a veft tied with a safli'i their appcr Gsu^nat beinf a hiofeGown, fenetUng Ihorter than dft Veft^. ifflt Wbment'DreTs pretty aiach-re(eniMe« that -of the Meh, oab chnr-invtf a ftiAned Cap with Homs; AMnetMnj; Nke ir hlitit, on their Heads inflead of a Tnrbant, and wanieldMir;Hakdown : Whe^ diey go Abroad, they are ''i[A>^Wt they arajoo many to be all enumerated ; the prefent Cky is duee Miki in Circi^nference, much fallen from its andent Sploidor t nor don it ((ana mpn the iame Grouhd it did formerly : Monnt Sitm, whsic fs/{Ms»ii*s Temple ftbod, is now almoft oni of Town, which was oace in the MMdIe of the City; and Mount CsAiMrjr, wheit onr Savioaf was crofiM, and lay without the WftQi, is now in the Middle of thi Town, The Chttith of the Sifittirt, bnilt over the Tomb where our Sa- vipDr was buried, is laid to contain twflve or thinaep Flaces under iti ''i^^ ■•..^■-'^t . ^-f, dciUcd by tkSoMjfr*: a. The Place wimv the SoldNn dlilldcd Uf OcnnMHii : 3. The Place wlwie he was fliat op whSI$ dinr^. Mltbe Hole to ict, the.^ooc of the Cro& in, andteepntil e«^ Ttite for hit Crndftrion : 4. Where lie was niled to dw O06 ; 5. Where the Crofs vai etefted : (i. Where the Sddier Sood, iriwi ficNedhii Side i 7. W4tcre hU Bodv wu anobted ia order to Ui Bs. 1^ : 8. Where his Body was dcpofited in the Sepnldbe : 9. When tbe Angels appeared to the Women after his RefoncAloa : to. The Phce irbere Chrift appeared to Man MagiUn, 8tc. AU wUdk Phcca •re adorned with ip many feveraiAkarSy ereded in little ChwpeU sboot this Church. In the Galleries ronaici the Church, and in tom* liide BuikliMs on the Ootide aiyoining to it, are Apaitmcati ftr tk« Reception of the Monksiand Pilgrims) and in fome of theft daoft every Ckrifiiim Kadon fimneriy maintained a fmall Sodehr of Moidcs 1 tt the Latimst Gmbt Syrians, JmumMt, G»trnms, Natrimt, Ctf- ttti, bfc. Bit thefe have all» except four, foruken dieir Apartne^, not being able to bear the exceffive Rents and Extortions the Tmrh were pteafed to impofe opon them. In Di4u4te» the ancient M^/^mmiMt now a Ptovhtoe of die fa*>iUI Empire, fituate between the Riven Bapbratti aad fyirit* b AppoM te have been the Seat of Paradife { and in the fame Province* ott die Bmks of the Euphrates, was the Tower of BeAtl boUt, fend after- thtrds the City of BmHfn, of which there are now no Remains; nor is the exatt Flaice where it ftood known, bat foppofed to be con- Tcrted into a Lake by the Overflowing of the River Etipkrmui. Ni. mvih alfo, the Capittl of the Mfffriam Empire, was fitaaied on die Bsnks of the 7>/r/jr, in the Province of CitrSJtm, of whkh dMr ttll (hew fome Ruins oppofite to the City tSMtrnfai. CMha, WtmSmem Aftkic^ was the Place vt Ahrabmitf* Nadvity : bat where die Ci^rof Vr was, which is mentioned in Scripture as me Placeof Ids Rdkhmee, ii not known; Oflbt Grmul Sigaitr, mni tit fif rf tit* hkMtaalM rftht Sm^. The Grand Signior is iUled by his SnbjeAs. The Shadow of God, a God on Earthy BnMhcr to the Son ai^ Moon, Diipofar tf all Esrthiy Crowns, f^e. He is generally efteemed lbmcthin| more duui human, and not bound by any Laws whatfoever, exc^ tkat of «■{■- taining the hJahcHutmn Faith. ThoTe who are in any Office or Pofk ander dM Grand Signior, or receive his Pay. are ftiled his Slaves, which is the moft hoWNMble Title aSnbjea can bearj the Term SUw, in Terlnr, fignifykg oae who is entirely religned to the Emperor's Will and Pieafuff» aad leadx to execute whatever he commands. The Youth, who are educated in the Sera^io, and Mned for BmployaMnts in the Government or Amy, aie all ^ChOdien tt Chrifiimn Parents, either taken in War, purchaled, or Prafimti horn die Viceroys and Governois of diftant Provinces ^ the moA beaod- X mm* to nj^ifiei'mm mkm*m Rcl^wm, and to ^wik luidinS ^mt%W^jlSmS^ dMgraw taqg)it ««#1»of aS to mm^.^ «f ^wwad. «(g*wSdariet «M^^^ «flfijj%«>jMrrrQiSpenQr, aii4, Mi'tifoes qr QomM#itB Iffl^ % ' djla^llliv; |5«)t|di9yiirefeUanipiffeRedoatQf tbeSe. lbp>^ of Forty, bdore yrMcl» d^ iuil^l^^ o^^nirMWii ▼cfy Utde Jcnowa tiUtheJB%hd& CM^^ ^ _, _^ «m ■poB .Gmm/«, aiitS pliudMred tlitt Cbwitnr i b dw Year 844 4m jpendntecl asiir M'>iiM/«ili&^*r. wlicre th^ isMMiftlveL «M from thcQi this Connmr obtained the NaioM of Tmtmam, Aboat AcYoir 1066, the Snhan f'trjiff bei^ tvdaoed vcrr lev hy the &ir«rMi Caliph of Babjbm, made an AIliaAce widi tiw 7«rli, who Tent three dMNnknd Men to his Affiftance* noder the ConaaBd of Tamnlifut \ by which Re-in|brcement the Snhan c^tained a fe. mI Viabtv : But, TtrngrtSiix not befng rewarded as he dkpe^, than aroK Ibeh MUandemandhig between theTe new Alices, thii k occiioort ii War, wheran TmitrrtSH* defeated Mmimmi ^ Ptr. >« Saltan, «m1 killed him in the Field of Battle, and theicby be. caoM Jkiltaii of Perfim, Bat th^ Tafki, wlio wcne FiffMs at tlMJr coaung ittUt Fitfut had conterfed fo Ions w'idi the Sarmtnu^ as 10 incline to the Relision they profefled. Ana Tiiigr$lifijtt on his Ac- ceffion to the Pir^ Throne, profefled himielf a Mmhmtimu widi. out which ConnJlMn^, it might poffibly have been difficult n^ hatre dabliihed his Empfae. TmigrtSfix afterwards marched agaiaft the 'Caliph of tf«fy/M, whom ha defeated i but- attempting theCooficI ■of Jhmiim, he did not meet with the like Saccefs ; whereupon lie tnr^ his Anna towards NmttJSm, or the L^fir Jfia, and made a cos* fidwable Progreft in the Conqneft of it. The Turh remained San- reigns of Ptrfim till about the Year 1 260, when another Smm of j Tmiivtm Sntbians broke into Ptrfia^ and reduced the fmfh to a voy knr Ebb. Bat Ott$mm reftwcd the 7wkijk Natkw to their fonncr Gnmdevr, making hinrfidf Matter of Vkt and Pnth% and the btl j Part of Afim Klintr ; from him thnefore it is that the Empire obtaiatJ the Name of Ontrntm i and the prefent Grand Signior dcdnoes b j Ffedicree fiom this Prince. Orchmiiti firft pafficd die BiUtfym, sad ndaced GmlBftU and other Places in Ennft. AmiamiA reduced Mi- mmfiet Strvist and Bm/garim. BafMKtt conquerred Ihrectt Mateden, wAAcbmimi butwastakal Prifoner by Tamrlain, and beat out his Brains againft the Iron Cap I he was kept in. Stljmati, cldeft Son of SajatMt fucceeded » tbel Burofum Provinces. I MmUmrtt the voonget Son of Bigmcftt pofieflU the ^fiwr Promtsl in 1490 1 and, having fnbdued Stfymmt fncceeded 10 the YHMltl He cocqueicd Dmtim lud Part of Schnttnia. « f Arnmratb II. in 1 574» fabdued the reft of Achaia, Tkjafy, and tfi'\ ras, and invaded Hingari, Maktaut II. fimamed the Great, conquered the two Bmpirei ( Cta/aMiat^ and TrafmtaJt «vith aoo Cities more, and wu firllilci Emperor of the Tarkt. Omfiantiatfk was taken J. D. 14$ )• Baia$tit II. A. D. 1481, fobdoed Caramaaia, reduced the and Dalatatiat then poOeftd by the FtatHmm, and Part of Jrmtmt. StiimatU. in 151s, fubdned the Umalakt lUngdott mEr" PaUjUait Sjria, KudArm^Fttnra. 5$lj» iMMi the Side i«f lot w^Hsua i X>ivifio« N.w: ^ the Midi i-'a«llliw^- ■ "^^ ^^n^!V- 4tt Coninuai eJtpiccwd, m,^ uif at their mtaut Mto onlusAc- colt * kaw [heConfacI rheiettp»h« made am* nained 8an* ber Swarm V irilitoaTery their forMi anddie^ tpiTeobiaiMi .^edocei teL hdttGedi*^ ]thelToaC>St| Iceededtoiht Iced the ltof>^': LdMB » « the'Sidtor-IM^' .>1^'m.:,3 . ■ - ^j MaiiyriV* if. IK t6i4Jik tMk€bMlP*fioai A» r irii »fc i , sAv a StaM cf thk^ Y«n» kaving loft hiktrnk i»e»oo»ttai » the CM. ftorbft liloA^Jie^ « tko JMnct oCib V«littiMt Ami «t«ry iWibalMaMffiad iksl^lmriMw m tUi War* <^^MitIU. ia 1687, bcfieged ritmm Wt act widi 1 SthmmttL ia 1687, bcfieged Fitmrn^ hm aec widi aMtil DiAH Sdkia ^Maitfai&e Ydir 17)0. 0. i69i» fink farit Wck tetiiely drivfa oat ofJ|NV«9^^ tJhmim, .A im i t ncannA die Mwrae back agaia iirom tfta. rii 1ii7i$: liSiMrV.tlM Im^tiM Sigaior. Oi^oAi bb imtunt Uada IL (s.Loa.| 1)06 Miles in Lti^- aooV*^ itt BradA; Ibadbto.] DOUND£]>bfVW4foatheNqitbibvi»inAi 13 aadtbeOalfi oT M^ aad OnaM.Edl,'by dalidtMOoMM. Sooth; aad^tbe JI«^£m. wlOch divide Ufiom 4»JMb oa tbe Weft. Dififioaa. I. N.W. iillM Ifidfie. Sobdivifioas. Cbiif Tmraa. 'JI||g««iorMKr« I^Jiimeb B. Laa. 4). 8. B. "^ JMkie ii^a. or li/aar Bo 4S« m >IL-.J iV< jt\^R:.:ji':W^iM: *' aaiBral Son •fr^iMB*^*,^ wiiftm.it w«»Jof«ioUt jtHe Sii(^iifnitfr/, wiiidk waflies tlie8oi» of J'r^^fjiL ve^the |^ OrM«, the KeiSttt, aiwl tbeGolims.of ,F«p^a,or /^^(^...^ OipiH, wid the Strei^t of BmitliiumdU % an^die chit^CafWs^ ProinMtdriei ftKtIib(e«f Ji^iflfM^^iiAdMit/^^ , : v ^W^ ;l J> ^ir.1 The Ail 6fM'^M$ is lpccd|?e hot and in many Places voy nnhealuiful, particularly that Part of it which lies upon the Coafts. The Winds alfo are hot Md pOiibttbtis, - at thofe on the oppofite Shores tXPerfi* } and their Sands very ttroublefome and danraous, beiw driven like Ooads by. the >yinds, infomuch Chat whole Cjaranas« 'a faid, have been buried, and loft in [their Defitrts, by a Storm of Wind an^Sand. • - --sipii 4.'.'>- - >\ n^^pl . froi»ifX Tbcir Towns and coittvaced I^nds fib nea^ the Coift, and there 'the' SbifpridQCes Coffee, Maiihu, Myrrti, Qiffii. Balm, Frankincenfe,and other odoriferous Hants ; Dotes, 'Orangis, Lemoo% Com and Grap^t » the two litftin ^siirQttantilita. ' l^^ereis afbti PiflieryoncfaeGiilphofJ^r^. "^^ ' V Jm'mmls.] Their nfoft ufeful °Aiiln|als are Cam^*i ^'roTnedaqei, and Horfei. The Dromedary is a Species of theCanid, fhai^illtrM two kmidr^ Miles k Day. drJiitutisnA The \i^r«^i4i« Kingdoms, which K^ upon the Cdafli, appear fome w. tbetn to be of a very targe Extent, A^d their Menaicks are freqachtly'ftiled Xerift, as the Xeiif of , Hr^f, and odiersare called laaaa I but both, the one and the other ifgn^ theO^Ci of Prieft as well as King, as the Caliphs of the S«ra^»ms.Ak ^udDNOn of Mahamit were, till copquered by Acfurit, Whole Einpeion do j not indeed pretend to the Priefthood, bat gbveiji and controol tlw Ecclefiafticaf turifdidlon as they pleafe, and give ^aws to the Muitjf. or High-Priett. \Ai to the Form of the Arabimt Government aod Laws, what I canlinnij of tlhem is, that their Mo^urchs are abMtie both in Spiritual* aiA Temporalt, ahd tke SocedEon hereditaiy > that they have no odier Laws Oian what are to be fimed in the Jtthrm, and the Comments apon it. Ftrcei.} They have no ftandingreealar MIHtia[ b^ Land, but their Kings command both the Porfca and Peffons of their SobjiAs whes- ereriheyfccfit. . Ptrjitt ple,e»j Thcj dkmwt ileaaj ddrHei ■'•ppwl iRtwaiog [^.oooPq .,e U9 loiter fffeijiiBiWt tofc oq f tfc^ MlfkfdM bet hNMrffHi* de, expat it Hie ikMrlMidl^iifee, «iid ftwe tMjrluiw beta iraMiimt with FiVArmt, toe become gottd M aM > n wl r ^' tiie HaUI^«r IJM rovinf j%^ is » Khid ofMtr.SMrt* «d ihoat dmn fvidi a white Sadi, or GirdM, and feme of dwn hm a Vci of FtinK or 81i«epftiiil oMr it Tkey w«i» alfe BMnvcft, Md loMe. Met IH^pen,'b«e no Stockii^, and have aCliif or ToilMtt ov dKirHeadat manyofthcmgoalmoftnakid; bdtdM Wottcte alt fit vrqppcd opi that ttdcbing can btdifefrool biit Aeir Aftin^ iUmunu0*i CajltiiuA The Smlri' and Priacei o^ ^.ftmal Tribo, in ^e Inland. Country, live l« Teto, and Ttattt mm kaor than a Firate, havinjg a Sqoaditm tf Otittni wiik which' bt idtM all the dcfenceleia Shipt he ca»»cet with in the A^fitti or 4m' iiffSeat. ' Upon the to^ of Ardim the Ht^^, alt ^vtrallarM Town i Ike Capital! of -Kiogdoim, a»;ilM»> Jdn, Mi/HMti Uc.lvfk Mtttm^ dt naoR of JikiMM/'i Nativity* is leckoncd the Capitd oCjJl Arm- kt, whither many thoafand M a hmihu u go every Yetr ^kPikrigMM. JWw it the Port Town to Mecem t hither the ?«riii|( Gafliti Mtt Rice, Corst and other Provifions fitom. Spfi, ht ^e tJie oCflic |w- nm, or h w9tM be impofBUe kt them to ipMft in that banta Umiry : for the 9«rlf have the fele^ayigalion of t^pdJSu, i^* At i^ivM Prit<«s «rt ii^ M Sa|yf)Eqon tp the Grand jfitAior. The Pilgfima could never vifit Mtcem, if the .fmf H ,^ot|a4 nMiBy Vtth them for their Protcaion atainft the .^r,^^. i qotw^ I Mig wlM«h, a Itody of near 50^000 j^mtt^ilmabt^ urCmmm itttraioe frota Mnem in the Year 1758 ; and, after V j^ ^iqih 60.000 Perfona, plondered it of every Thing that fvatiratai&e. ^A I like Accident happened m the Year r6o4. iMM«#( die City n^icb MSekf""'. fled to when he ms driven ont of MxTtf, and the Place where he was buried, is the Ci^talof a Provino^ V Kingdom, as it is fometimes odled t nid hither too thfPilgihBU nfa^ nrt nor fi> often as they do to JIffrcc. &«. in Jrtiis Pttr^a, is a Port Town, at the SoiMB of die Calf tf the Rii Se0, the Station of the 7»kijk GalUes, whkh '■**-»ttH I Ike Coaft of £/<^/»/Ai u well as ifWtf^Mr. hdmilum$^.1 The Pood ofthelePffpkia chiefly lUce. andall iMaaaerof Fifli and Flefli a)moft i[ bat Camel^s Fle&ia aoft admired, ludthey ulte Care 10 dnMi the , fikwd ftom the Flefli as tiit Jmu do» ludlike them refofe foch Fiih as have no Scales. I Thnr Drink it chiefly Water or Shofact ; they have no ftrong maon. Eea W^ *'■ w- •f' -,^ m W ^ m^ A n i A. •■d ait a itdofC MHWM / if 4H m»-init/ebtn ^, Jvad!«d £/w>. where the ^r^mSami ferenty Pdii»B«es. and twehre Wells of bitter Water, wlOchH^r/ h t tim t l B l b/^i Miracle } thejr are aH W, and are retltiwid W ittu Mtthi' JMmidi ; orie «f thto is in a little dark Cave, aid «Ad le It^hi^ and is called bfdie w^«Ar, ^uHmiim M$ii/a, or die Badiof Mt/t!t. In ^ GiMdi tot tbd MMks, there are fearce «|^ oAer PIim Abeiiitlialf a Btfajtnrikty fiirdier is a Plain/f«p|:i6flN} tobeAal ymkh die Scripthte olUs the D^fi^tfSiM i in which PMfalare i«nt many AcaciA T;ca, from which comes the Gum which the^JMM "^mfc iire fioid dic'lldidfc oat t^whiclr i«^ brooghf Water by ifa^ Irufkh hil Waiid. It is a Stonedf a prodigjons Hdght MMlThkfai{ rifiiig Qntbf 4ft Gtoaodt *i>d the Monks fliew the Channels on aA Si^i^|whic^ the Watdr flowed; bntdieteii no Waier ifbcs fioa T^ribew ilJb* Hide GroM on the Skieof AtUUm CML #liidi liidr itlate k the Phcb whiete Mii/ii was hid, WhMl he dcinl to Cee die Fick 0f €od, and (a# hiar back Pftrts : It iira* oMii Ak j fiBilat Uuu mUI/ rdocived die tea Cotaiiaaadaienti. ki t#o Tl|ki : Ifi the WAv do#;n diey fliew a great Stdne» Which dM Nbaki If. ii i die Place VbM d^ Prophet Etlf»b fet huaiUf doWa, whea hi id ' AD over the Mbant areto beleen little Chapebwidi Cdk ml them, in which, 'tn fa^, ho liefs thaa fbtineen thtMifand Hcrai9 Ibriacrly inhabited, bat were forced to itmbtrtoa Actooatef daj OvpiaBOfforiiie Jittnt jFianrlllbuat^fdM we^ly fee Moaat Harth, where Jf^ikMitki| FIodcsQf7r/Ar»hi9 Fadier-ia-iaWi when he faw dM^bttmag lik» Whefe akb Is Ii Monaftery with a pretty Chapel and Gatdea ; and tkqff |H^0«iM'to #tew die Ikipreffiea in a Rock where Aantt caft die Hail «r die OoMea Calf. ^S'*^Sh\ The.fieiMle oftha Eaf^holddut dM;<#«MMki richeft and mbft copious Lang^aglein the WorM ; that it li coai| bffeteral Milfibns of Wordfrthe Books which treat of it Ay, have, not lefs Aan a thouiand Terms to ejqdtaffl thjf Word Gi _ . . — _ and five hoiidixdlbr that of Lk>n^ aad i^t no Man cat bia Mafl to "KSW J^i** all their Terms widiout a Miiade: They look upoa it ai.hwB'i* Plaa*. ' iech the Language of Parjidiie. It is certain that taere are Wot i^ebeirAco «lll#i)?Uar ■f--'% -m ^ __ dikjSni «ofchecldeft g' mack mi, ,"*»«at, took f Jff^«, IUf«?i weJadmlte l>^d, he coq •» ytn afte A K A M V^A* «f l|K»: jwmm AUMm jt'jamautt \ tHittMU ^ , tum^ md^^mtae; eitmm fi^famm i tfJkmlee mi tmhA mtiHm>thiiSim Ifftttm iMim MMm | nvmgfir iemi d m rn im m ^ k>ilo^, a« they ^^e no 3o!4<>Ja ^ QJ^^ff 3f SvayMal^fave hat his Free4oi%„|M^ pf^fedes Kfyhmt- i/mt but «lj»#B other Sex, it it aqti wined ntaieri4 w|^ Cmu.T The Coins, «/h!ch are cQrrcnt atlfai^, the pHnciAiI Port IllJie ^ ^ J^^ Dollars of aH Kinds ;' bo: th^y i^te 5 pr Cmr. tdw Pntlr^CKwlars, becaufe they are recko^jfkii to ht the piveft ;.) and tie pollar Wd|ght with them urij ]>raitis, 14. Grainsl If Cc^ 1^ take^ by VVeight, an^iralucd according to d^efr ft. ^jtne Gold Coins, cuhttnt here, are IDnqitt t/tVemet, Qer- Ttimt'ttypt, &c. The Comaflb are a i^atl Coin, which telifccn a^ih^H Pricr is the Govemm^ ^*t^ them ; and they i % their Accdiiiti ift in imaginary C<^ ofO^etft^ of whif^gh^ ptl>#i>pUar. * kiVoluHons and mfdorahle Events, '^4 HO MET, the Founder of the Mahmmm Religiaa, and of \4m%v^iKc of the Sarmctm, was ben at JAir<«. im* $71, is tMiil|tf «r y%piman IL Emperor of Gf«/««ri»0//« : He was defcend> «d of the eldeft Biranch of the Honoorable Tribe of Jif^r^, but his Fa. «ilf mack reiuced at thisTidke; whereupon his Utme AhatM, a Hnchant, took him into Ms Service, and fcnt him with kit Camds InSjriMtM^eAiatt and £jpff, as his Agent or FaAor ; and hew he {Itcame Mmitte.with fdme TnW aiid Chri/iMt^ by whole Affiftance» l^ fai<^, he coatino(ed his Muboren. \ ^ wu afterwitdt invited irfiar the Service of a rich Widow liliMd €Mm, for ivhodi he carried oi a Trade to Dama/tntt and Vm Piacit. Thit Widow being about Forty, thooght fit to make Ee 5 him 4|t A R A B t Jh WBi/tftht ricMlfMi !»• JMiww. ilMiMfitUiif Notioe^f iIm wmutm 9e^«adI|i#fioM«aMBg cMmmt. in hi* JoiwJM mfjMim, &e^ tbouglrt k tmnMflAihf Wnk to intraiMe » mw lUIMon, aad iMke ]|Imi«lf tte H^ Vkltl iittd ScMWtiM Af dM FtWi ivMck k« propofad to 4q hjr pit, tewfiagloifyivt ditptitMrifOWay of WaHhipuKiraritf, pn£BM ¥/ lAc aaciMrFMriftrchi. Hk Irft Step w«».«9: mm tbiD ^t4in)r*ti9P f^ dw Pmlo ky hit Be- voiifn and abteiloit I»ki he itAai tbfere c«||k* IM« k thp Cave of «ir« Bctr JMirr^ wkf^r^^ant kit Tiap.kilteytag, Faftig, and oriwr Alk of Mdttitatidi t aod whan he leiaiD^ Hobm at N»ii^ olied «»«aUrtrfii lOii Wife aMAunnx wkt the Viibw he had iMo, W the ftiaage Vofcet ke had heard in hit |bat|ircawat Havioi^MiiKiifatd thwVraAice two Yetfi, and aca^red a gria»|l«pa. tadonl^hiaSaofiitjr, he veowntd to dMue hnuUf a h^ket ia tk« 4otb Year of hit ^^. aid thatke wik ftnt ftom fei|ded tb^ Angel Qt^itl^ltqv^i hjm Chapter by Quuiier. TMf wat iuft writteQ on thePU|e.braw ^^^U; b^^g^'^dati^ * ^^^ |o his Amanpenfit, fbr Mmhtmtt coeld peither write nor r^. lie u allowed to have been a Man of great Wit and 4nfinaa% Addrefs s be could jbear Affronts without any feemhig RefentoKiit} flattei«4 the Ridi, afid rd^^ the Ppw ; and managed with due Cunning and JDexterity, that he foon gained g^ Numbers oSfa- felytesy at which the Chief of the Citizens begn (o be atameii plainly d|(ceming, that he had ji Defign againft the Govenunent i def had determined therefore to furprize him, and cnt him off; but k^ receiving timely Notice of it, fled to Tmtbrih, which was a^erwank | called MtSma talimiifi, Of the City of the Prophet^/^s Flight iQliia City was hi the Year 6s<, from whence the fOalm^Miu a0ftt»\ their Time. v' ' MaitmttMt rcQwei ztiMtnamth great Joy bgr, the Citixeni, who readily I9bmijtted to him as thefr]Prince ; and, being joined bf great Numbers of other Ar«ii»tu, his nrft Bnterprizes wf ri die Int Ar«&Mwr afterwwda mado War on fevcralc oC«the ^ISr*^ Tribes, compelling them to embrace hia Rdi^on, or become- Triboiarici 19 him, declaring hjs Caufe to be thp CWfB of (^od, and (hftt wkhl p. Er R S I A, 411 tht'nfMOf«r«'XM«n*sLU^wiM|iw4Aj|l3Mi MdthatnoMCoabl BMftrra itm)r9a4 the ■|niniw|ij XMi»tt» og 41toiyi, k by npy Htnndt UniKlrt AmMo jbf cxfMl^iflBMdKjr ochervire. Obtaimng a Viaaiy f ova • Triteaf >«»»>( 4m^ flm.iOMoM Mm, JiepttttiM«i:«U |i»^45ivi^-di.jbic Ut Meii^M|.l|eii9e4wi«, A:tf.6iqt which provoking dii nft of the ifr«A Tribca, they ailemblcd thor Forces, and gave him Battle,' Bnl wel« defeated ; whereupon he re> diced mat nut ot^'okm naider hit Pdwerj andioHae Town* of J>rMt ibea fobjeft-to the GfwtMEaqpeior, and (Uedin,che Year 631, in the 6|d Year of hit Age. ' ' , fB» DUdfia made themfislvea MaAers of grott Part of .^ and J$vMi«eith»tli6i Space of too Years, andrdaced motLM Spahit fmuit Itdft and the Iflandt in the MteJittrraneMi, under the Name «f SarMint, aad'fomedmes <§^t0rs invading £iiclog 4 \ anV VN.LaL < I aoo Miles in Length I aoo Miles in Breaddi. As the Provjnoib Weft ofthieTir/*/ itdine B^en latirly ceded to Ptrfia, we may extend the Lpngitud0UNDED by CiretJ^, th^ .C<|^#« Siea, and gm IJjhK *[artmrf on dif, North ; by Mmfi Imduion the lit t by die Itidum Ocean, and dm Oulf 9iPer/i«t or BoJ/kr*, Soudi t «Ml^f«r/bontheWcft. Be 4 Grand Grand DMfioM. t R S I A, pnHnfittt I aiicic«cffrfanmi,ia. I and »r»f» i -SMif/km, isdttdini V rwAliir and tlw | mdent BtiOHti, \ \8iHiMt tke aadentl Maktnm Sjkrmkul mfWr Sigt0imt The Southern Pi-, vifion. KtrmMit die G»dro£lM, Ptrjis, The Sottdi Weft DU ▼ifioRonthcFron^' . tienoffWrif* IrstJgtm, theandant Pmrtbim, CuribJImttt Part of the ancient AJfyria, ' Adtrhitntn^ the an-' cient MiS*t /^a^i a n, E. Loo, |a The North Weft JDirifion. between the Cajpinn Sea< an4the Fioatieri ofTurkj. Gmrgia f p,,t «r ,iw GmBftm < amittit JhtW Dagijltui I •04 Cfi^i. Gilmn, Part of the an- cient Hyre0tiimt on the Cf^M Sea, >i Timritt at Etk* ttmrn 4ritntil Naxivm Ttflii Gmtgtm Giltn Dtrkai Vamt,'] The Name of Ptrjia fome derive from Ptr/htSt the Capi« tal, in the Reign of/>4r'«'l others from Ptrfims tht Son vf yafiitr, and othen again from the Word ^«nii, which ftgniAet Mtrfimm, iki Perfiim Tronp being moftly tiorfe. MiutitaintA There are more Moontaina and fcwer Rhren is PtrRut than fn any Comtrv ill' A/kt. The Afountaim of Ctmtfu and Arrarmt, fometimei called the MonntaiM of Ihigitami Ml ai iht liiKiu between the EmuHh and Cm^m Smt* Thott callfd Uanu* ■ and ■addii nittf j/rrtt, •niCa C^iaH Rivera. Weft of 5tM.[ oiBtffm Sea on t WOMriy theExte JLe^gthi Siauidon nADan aieexce£ fuy uahc btthaPn m bright my are Aiceorfi auny havi Stilmi where thej aafivitfii). Md other hetia no Melons, C FWeftlon. ■nrthe u the Gulf ^Immati, Kited of £ •U Manner aariubleft fcven or cit Manierof »^eolK W fMicHiariy Mfhi r. B. Lob. . N. Ltt. I. or Ir««' 1/ Itj the Capi- ft RWcnis Mliitkt P i? jR 5 / if. 441 aadtkeftvcnIBniiclMtcheiMr, rm dwoarik PmjIi, floaiMMiJbi» Ail«.aMiiUaU dieMidiUeoftlieCbiMinr. JBcm.l Their Riven aie dw Omu on the Nonh.BaH, iirlich 4^ wOnPtrjut tnm UJkeTtirt^h ; the Iw-, aade^tlj Cyrm.uA chf i^rr«/, Mciendy illrwrfi }.%hich ri^ io the MooBtkina ofJht^ and Caue^fiut join theh- ^titrtliii*, anorea' firom Weft to E]|ft tam tli^ 0^ia» Sea. The MAu alfo iray be' reckoned amoog dk P«^m Riven, « it anciendy divided. Pr*^v from hjim ; and the PraviMea Weft of the Imbu have lately been reded to Ptr/k again. Sim."] The Seat on the Soeth of Per/la are, die Gidph of Ptifim or B^trtt the Galph ofOrmui, and the hufi^m Oceaa. The oalf Sea on the Nordi if the Qa/pHm or tiynimutm Sea t and that ia noco property a Lake, having no Commanication with aav othn- Sm ; hot dw Extent of it haa given it the NaoM of a Sea, Ibrit ia 4eoMilea in L«lgdi from North to South, and about half aa broad. Hr."] The Air of thia Country ia very diffierene, according to dte Sttoacion of the feveral DivifioM. On die Mountaina of Ouut/m and Dagifttm, which are freqiwndy covered with Snow, it ia eoid. On dM Topa of tho^her Mountaina it ia always cool, but their Valliea ae exceffive hot, and the Coafts of the Cafpimn and Ptrfimii Seaa ai« veiy unhealdifid. The Middle of PerJIa, however, is moch admired 1m die Porenefa and Serenity of the Air, the Stara fliinii^ C» evead- ieg bright, that fome Travdleta relate, they couM 6e to read bv their I^ht. But dien, for two Mondii m the Year, about JpnIuA Mm, my are troubled with the SmntJ, or hoc Wind, which blows rar duce or four Houra in the Day-tine with fuch a fcortchiag Heat, that aaay have periflied in them. Stil tmi Pr$Jmct,'\ PtrSm fb general ia • verv barren Soil 1 but where die/ can turn Ae water into the Plaina ana Valliea, it ia not nafiiiitful. It prodi|ccs Wine and Oil plendfully, Senna, Rhufaaib, aad other Drugs, and Abundance of delidotts Eruiu, and fome Cora, bat in ao great Quantities. Dates, Orangea, and Pifbchio Notp, Melons, Cucumbers, and other Garden SalFt dkey have ia grec: PferfeOiiM. Here are alfo great Qoantiues of Silk ^todwad, efpecudlf aiarihe .oaftofdieCff/^MSea) and they have a ine Pearl FifluqF ia die Gulph of Bt/trm. A»m»i$A Their oMft nieful Animak are Cfends, aad a fprightly Ireed of Horfes, equal to the Arahimm. They have alfo Deer, and all Manner of Game, Oaen, and BuiFalooa i aad their Sheep are re^ fludubb lor having fix or fiven Horns apieo^ aad Tails that welrii (even or eight Pounds eack. They havt aUb Ubm, 'I>g«ra, aad ul Marnier of wild Beafb, aad Serpeuta. Mmmfitaum mJ 7r«/r.] Their Maailhamta aira ihofe of 811k, WeoUan, Mohair, CamNets. Carpota* aad Leather. The E»gl(Jk and other Nationa traflk widk dmm bt (everal Ways. particulaily by dM Galph of OrMOf, it GsasAraatib by die Way of fw^, and bv ikt Wpt tf il#a ihio^ tfit C^Im Sea, a Tfallc 44* F B R $ I A^ TnSnt latrfjr beinii* W« tttduMwe oar Wootkn Mamifiiaam wiA thea fat nm and moaght Silks, Carpets, aad other MaaufiifttiiiM of that Omimij » bat the Trade it canned on ,aliDtetbcr ia Ewnftm Stu^M. The Per/iin$ hove fcarce any Ships <^ their own, aid the i^i{M« have the Me Na^nttion of dbe Gc^ The Trade to Ai^ through Rtiffia is difafed at prdftnt, being prohibited by the Court of it«^ who are apnrehenfive the £«|i^ will teach the Ptr, fimm to build Ships, and oifpute the Navigation of the CmAim Sea with them. There is not a richer or omwc nrofiuble Trade carried on any where, than between G0miro§m and Smrmt in the iafi-Inditt ; and the £i^> Eaft.Iiulim Company frequenthr let out their Ships to tranTport the Merchandize of the B^tfmu and Armeniams from FerjM to India : But there has been fcaree any Trade here iinoe the Civil War befui. The Shaw, or Sovereign of P*rfim, is the chief Mer. chant, and h* ofuilly employs his AmmmmH SubjeAs to traffic lor him in every Part of the World. The King's Agent muft have the Rdin fal of all Merchandize before his SubjeAs are permitted to trade. Thxa it was before the Civil War commenced ; but they are now in tfoch JDifhaAion, that we have little or no Trade in Ptrfia, * jlfiiwi.] They have good Mines of Iron, Steel, Copper, and Lead. The Iron and Steel Mines are in Hjrtaniat MnHm, and the Provinces nS Srak uA Cbv^affam. Sulphur and Saltpetre are dug up in the Motmtain Dammmif which divides Hjrtmim from the nonnce of Er*k. The moft valuable Mines in P«rfim are thofe where theTorqooife Stones are found t there is one of them at Nifapturt in the Proviaet of Cb§rajim, and another in a Mountain between the Province of EnJt $na Hjreania. Cffffiitnticn.} Ptrfia is an abfolute Monarcbv» the Lives and Eftstn of the People being entirety at the Difpofal of tb^r Prince. The KJatg hath no Council eftabliihed, but is advifed by fuch Minifters as are moft in favour ; and the Refolutiuns taken among the Women in dbe Haram, frequently defeat the bed laidDefigns. The Crowais he* reditary, excluding only the Females. The Sons of a Dauditer arc allowed to inherit. The Laws of Ptrfia exclude the Blind from ths Throne i which is the Reafon that the reigning Prince nfuallv ordcit the Eyes of all the Males of the Royal Family, of whom he nu any Jealoufy, to bs put out. There is no Nobility in PtrJ!a, or any RefpeA given to a Man oa Account of his Fftmily. except to thofe who are of the Blood of dieir neat Prophet, or Patriarchs » but every Man is efteemed occording to UM PoA he poOcfles. and. when he is difinilfed, he lofin hh Honoar, and is no longer diftinguiihed from the Vulgar. Kiitg't Arm ami TitUt.] The Arms of the Kfaig of Ptr/St ate a lion eeuchant, looking at the Sun as it rifes over his lack. His afcal Tide is Shmmf, or PMjUm, the Difpofer of Kingdoma. They add alfo to the King's Titles thofe ofSiUtM aad Cam or Cdms, which b Ae Title of the Tart4tr Sovereigns. To AAa of State the Ptr/m lio> narch does not fubfieribe his Name i but the Giut roiu in thiaMaoMr, ^iM. tf>i> Aa (Or Edia) u ghttn ky Urn ni/hm tit Umvtrk tkty. Ftrcn] ^m. iMf itswidi Igrtftm mi. aad le Trade i by the thePw, e carried H-Indm ; Ships to YUi Ftrfm the Ciril lief Mer* ic fbr him theRdoi ade. Thai iw in iad ' \ •'■■ And Led. iPraviacci peroif M th« f urii .W jset tht^pfsadf defyn dMm by cottiaff olT didr provjpiu. and j|<9pii« >«p.lN %WjB«b awt ikn miring to thp Tdb of Ape inncccffi^B Moiiatiini } fyt jdMV Jka?t few forBficd Towaa* nor ha4 my Slu||^ W/V nntU JCwA Xm boHt • Royal Navy, and uMutAem hMjyU» of W« of $o Gum i bit fiiicia the; Dtadi of ihtf iJHirper, we liar no nioirf of their Fletf. RimtmutJl The Landi of the State . fabfiil the Governors of the le f pe ft iv e Wovineea, snd dw Fdrcca dwy-wc obNged to keep in Pay } and there are other Lands btlongiM; to the Crown, out of whidi tho Kimj^tHofftiold and all tbe^peatC^cen of State are paid. "Ae Cr^nm reoeivei n tkfra Part of their Cattle as well as a third Part ^iMr Com and Fraitk Where Linda «m not appropriated, hot thf JHleplKnIs keep vfft Herds of Cattle opon then, and live in Tents. W* Proprietors of fnch Cftttle pay a feventh Part ttf the Crown. Tie King alfi» hai a tliird |tet of Silk and Cotton throughout tho Kinedom, and the third C^ "nie hi oney raiiiBd by V^Tnteie b another oonfiderabk Branch of ,the Kfrenues of the Crown, e#eiy Peii>npaying a Tax when it is let into jiis Fidds or Qardens { iSparee any Thing will grow in this Country ivithoat it. having very little Hffai. ■ A Poll-Tax oTa Ducat a Head is paid by all who are not of tho cWdiflied ReUcion. Ptr/3in and Hakitt.'] The ftrjimu^ like the Tfrli, plundering all tho i^yaoant Narions for Beauties to breed by, no Wonder that we find jlwir Men of a good Suture, Shape, and Complexion. ' Thay wear lam Turbans on their Heads, feme of them very rich, interwove with Q>ld and Silver. They wear a Veft girt with a 8afli« |Uh1 over it a loofe Garment fomethin^ ihorter, and Sandals or Slippers oa their Feet. When they ride, which they do everv Day, if it be bat to a Houfe in the fame Town, they wear pliant Boots of yellow Leather : and the Ptrniture of their Horfes is immoderatelv rich, the SUrrops generally Silver t and, whether on Foot or Horfettack, they Wear a Moad Sworr) tud a Dagger in their Saih. The Drefs of the Woman does not diifer noch trom the Mens, only their Veils are loiger, and d;ey wear « ftifl^^ Cap on their Heads, and thdr Hair down. • • Gtt^m amd Timktr.'] The ftrftam have been always e/feem'd a brava People, of great vivacity and quick Part!> \ but are famed for nothing More than their Humanity and Hofpitality. Their grcateft Foible u mfufenefs ahd Vanity j the Richnefs of their Cloaths, and Number of dieir Servants and Equipage, too often exceed their Revenues, and l^ng ihem into Difficulties. C^««i.] There ii no Place where Women .ire fo ftriAly guarded ind oanincd aa in Pfr/«, c|pecially in the Courts or Harams of their Priacca and great Men. Wnen the King's Women remove, they are (int away in covered Litters, with a ilrong Guard : and all Men aae wqeiifd to quit their Habitations, and lamove a great Diftance from AtPucQa they pafi through, on Pain of Death. dn^r/r/.J P M k 4 r A it/tUt.) lVr^arelaid » he tJw awft magoificfntoii theFace •Mw Earth. ^X««^0 'T\MtAraiUw the feaiMi Laoffnage, and^bjAiii tht jfkhorM, and other Books of fMvinky, ftb w«u ^ 'heir Bpoln of Mo- nXHtyt i^c. are wrilM^ The Turi^ Langnage it nfoany fgikta at Cowt, and in die PrevMces adjoining to fwrkif. At Sthirat, die<»i. t^ City ^tnntt or the ancient Pt^, diey generally fteak tiie nr- JkHiTwtgut, which is a tnodem LaiwM|e, of aboat ne fame Ditt with their Religion ; aftd befides tho^ Woidi whkb are pecolfar to it, there are a gieSl Namber of Words tef odkor Nattoos, whidi htn, m their Tarns, eonqoercd Pffi*% *• die fiirir, the Tartmrtt and' Ae jhmh i but thejr honow more from ^ ^IraHc dian all the reft, hdb- anch, thit one who under^ds Ptrfim perleQIy well, it half ia* Ihmded InJrmiie. The Pirfiant hav^ not yet the Art of Priotjng^ongft them { dMiir 9noks therejfbre are all Manufcripts. Their PMer-Htfttr is of the following Tenonr : Mi Piubra mmiHSr •fmitt i pak baftbti n&m m : inj^ftd ptulfttabi /a ; fcbnuut thmimjku itmyimaitiik itr ofmon nix dttwtmin ; hA mirm jmrutm nSn ktfSfnm OTtr«; vumdargmijmr marm komkhan mm Kjmieiikibmm nix mtg farim »rmd» marm \ done, that they puH tM Meat ii Pfecaswith their Fingers, ufing neither Knives, Forkst or Spoons > ^k is never eaten by them, or Hares, and other Animau* prO' hibited to the Jtwt, Their Bread is only Cakai baked mion tht Health: Jlh:E M S t A 44^ Hc«A: Thcrfc«ft» thdr Miatvety fcighiwih Sik«ri Spi c w lyl fcu ^4tdk at but mnt kktn ihirir Mmt, ^Utug k ikt&mtSHy^M: U kaied. Thej ffieail a Cloth imoa the Carpet« ud fit AmM crtA* kgMd dpoa it atihcir MMs, wafliiag bdlh before end afttt. th^.cat^ a^ wipe oa thtir HaMHEcrchiefi inflMi of To web. The Pnjfiiir aic a very bo^ntaUe PMpie, iaviiini Straajen as well «s dkir Nctghboort to cat with th«n» if they hi^ppea to be at thdr HooNiat Mnu-time. : ,, They ate freqnemiy eatntaiBed with Mofick, both Vocit aailai^ < Inunenulf at thtir Fefthraki and the dancing Girls are lent forlft di« fift the Gompanyi aadif aay of the Guefts are indined to wiiUrktr with a Girl, they are diewa into a Room, and when they return to«hi Colnpliayt no Notice it taken of it. Tikir afual Drink ik Water t>r Sherbet a> in other Mahmtmn Coaritries, Wine bking srohihitod ; bet the OAeen and Soldiers frequendy break throogh thn ReftnUnt« aid drink Wina which is made by the drtmuuit ih Sciirmi and other ftrfiam Provinces t hnd none of them audte any Scrapie of tn*oximt- iag therafelvek widi Opiamt of which one of thm wiU eat as nacfcip would poifon half a Dozen ChrifUans. tr^tM^ fW/fwJ The Perjhns excel in Writtnj;, and have eight ftSltral Hiuids. They write from the Right-hanifto the Left, as Ao Jrmh^ do: They have a Kind of Short-hand, in which they o(b the Letters of die Alphabet j and the fame Letters, dilFerendy pointed, will hkvi' turenty fevcral Signincations. They excel more in Poetry than in any other Sort ofLlteratdre. The Aftrologcrs are in as great Repuiatltm ib Ptrjtm u the Ma^ wen ftnierly. keijoktietti and fnemof^ie Events* TH E Ptr/l«m Monarchy fuccceded that of the 4J^rumv ^Mf- UmaMt which I efteem the fame, only the Scat of that Emjww was at firft at ffimtn/itht and afterwards at BmSftm. Cymtf mskins aConqueftof BaiyUm, united the DominkMW of JUn. JkfPtrjiMf and BeSjiim i and laid the Foundation of the Ptrfiam Em* pile, aboat the Year of tha World 3468, ;e6 Years before Chrift., Jhtamltr tie Grtmt conquering umriiut the laft Emperor of Pfr/Uf dM Grtatm Monarchy commenced in the Year of the World t^75» sad bcibre Chrift 3 so Years. After die Deadi of AkxMiidtr, that Empire was divided among hit General Officers, of whom Stieuctii, Antigonmt, and PtoUna were tha Chief I andthe Pofterity of thefe Princes were fobdncd by the JIawaf/, about the Year 90 ;6, being about 197 Years before Chrift. Upon 4w Dedinaof uiatRmpire. thefe Dominions were again divided s«ong fhveral Princes, naaJ fmnti^ltHit, a Afiw*/ 7r another Nobknun that advucedo^oie Money. iArtvms thereupon became a MalecontenL aflembled his f rieadt and Dependants, and drove his Rival out of Cmiukbmr, alter whidi SBeoefi* he began his March towards J/fabm, the capital City, bat dird before he arrived there. MmimMdt his Son, advanced with the Army to l/^ban, took the City» and murdered the King and all the Royal Family, except Prince T/imtSt who efcaped and 0ed to the North oiPii^a. murdered by i^i^ one of bis Officen, was foooi after • who ufurped the Throne. Prince Tbommst having afllembled an Army, inwredl Nmdir Km into his Service^ who had obtained mat Reputation for his Valour and Conduct by whoTe Affiftance ne defeated the Ufurper Sfr^t p» him to -Death, and recovered all the Places the 7«r4« and Riff. JtmH* had made themfUves Mailers of daring the Rebellion ; aad then Prmce Tbtmtu fiseined to be eftablilhed on the Throne t bu( MaJtr Shaw, to whom Sultan TboHuu had given the Name of TbmHu KmB Km, (that is, the Sbve of IhtmutM) diinUng his Services not laficiently rewarded, and pretendinff that the &in|^ had a Deign againi his Life, or at leaft to lav him afide, confpired asainft us Sovereien, made him Prifoner, and pot him to Death, as is luppofed, after which he ofurped the Throne, ililiag himfrif Shaw JViuiir, or KiwJVkdfr. He afterwards laid Siege to Gm^nbr, of which a Son of JIAfMesM kadpoffeffedhimfelf; while he lav at this Skge, die Court of the Qfta Mtnt being diftraAed hj Paaiont, one of dw Parties jnviiid fliaw Nmr to come to th«r Anihmce, and betrayed the Miga/ hiie kit Hands I he thereupon marched to Dtlht the Capitd of Am, fum* ke Viceroys and Oovemonof ProvincM to attend hfan, and all the ^ Wng with them all the Traafort diey coold raUe, aad tMdt diat did K bring ib much u he cxpeftcd, he tortwad aad pot to Diidi. Aid andtAe it. ■ fiinpire; On the edto the ice maof 1« in tko It Noble- b•.• ..n»«i.-»>. 15?^^ c-^ r •jr^^ ft. '«■ .: '*" S^^*>i.< fWi{S*j^ i-^i-....^' * '41 r * ^ j^ s»* •'^"i*- ^^J^ i4»»' fi • ■^. m^: >.i livJ li^j'j «» «~<'"i.' ■♦*iN ia-.!t I H D £ ;*^' - -•••.> ^*n-^>^ 6 t :\!^. BJ «-ir< JKy^^ JTg/Bmd A X ****** jpiyM.- \ '0 jBb. y silL««r l-c. MUU P PA CI 1 ' c ■ ■■% 1 I AX T ^k : O C JUtoM V ^s. »>< <«^ iP^ -«» Jw*^ =ir*' .*wf ;mC^.*F .ii ,3>..> r.r--:,'#fc '\i," ..^^JK^^^^-" ?!fI^.^-^« --:<» ■•'A-'f :*,-t-^ a!1 ' f" r' ^'^1 *i' *>f^;"*.i; m'-' •i ^ irv.>^-^- i 'l^ H l " « "•"T^'*' •»>; 1 • ^ ■ . .-■'Stp 11 " . 1 I » 1> X ji • T- • O CI A^/fmn.I,0ndt>m ■^"^'Wrmm 'f^kiXft ■ ■ ■v'r ■. * /■ iff 4' --is. »,■■*^•.^i, m 1 — jt" -Lfc' »f ... . * II. of .JM^ MoMiil^liiB^ Bmitiv^nitm 1 r l*e ilE»* :-r rr K^ CySkffv \t Jengafcur ^/jfrn* or iBiBM* -—J JtMat«d b^n^«BPI d^ ltiwR«7/i^ «ii4 Gm^ms M at thu t^ NviviM j^Ve it tlM Name of hJ^mut pj. ^ 6B>|Hr« of t^e lows from the Sesi, in the oppofite DireAioa, 1 lefreflies the Country with cooling Brteses i for the Windaltrnt twelve Houn here, blowing off the Land from Midnight tiO shN Noon, and from the Sea the other twelve Hoars : But this oulk anderAood to be on or near the Shore, for at a Diftance the foons prevail, which blow fix Momhs in one DireOion, and the fix Months in the oppofite Direftion, and they fluft about the Boxes, when the Storms are fo violent that no Ships can liva theCoaft. PreJuci.] Their principal Fmit Trees art the Palm, Tamarind, Guava, Mango, Plantain, Pine'apple, Orange, Pomegranate, and the Amlon } thefe they have in the grcaiel ftAion. The Country alfo pvoduces Rice, Wheat, F^per, ai'| great Variety of Garden Stuff. I INDIA tMk Gi^ges. ^^t Jii^rM/i.\ The Aniaab of dus Comtijr ife BkpUnti, Cuid^ tJ[of(«, OxM, Baffalpef, ShMfi, J>ttr, Lioov Tycen, udall Map- wr of wild Bctfts and OttMi aad thtn is pnt Pkatjr of Fiih wad There are alfo Seipents, $corpions, MalqaeMM. Locofti, and dd- Hng Flies, whidi appear like Stin opoa Treei io die Night Mott- hies Ibonnd and are adbttd here. }Umtf»Bant mudTrt^Se.)^ the Maiiafiiftares oF /«dr« areddedf Ifoflifl, Calicoc» and Slk. iVy have fome Merchant Sh^ of ovni, and traffic with. die CoantriM bordering awm /indVi^ and pincalariy widi Ptrjui but die ianftwu ufoatty tike off mod of their MannfiiAnres, and pay filver for them. Great Part <^ die Slier diat U brought from Jmtriea, k carried to die iaflbJU$ by dw Merdianti of every Eunftem Nadon; and ai thev haiNt dM riloMll Ditmond hiCnjei in the world here, no Coantty aooands in Wealft More t^an thii,. at ift«4i itam ekperienoed when he jplnndered DmE^» 1^ Capital. CMuffi/ariM.] The Jl^ya/ k an abfidnto frknxa, and hit Qromi kendttary, or rather he affigat dre greateft Part of hit bttpire lo Im dded Soa» and divides die refime anong his yoonger Sonai kK dmr all ufuaUy al^ to d» Fadier's Throne upon his Paim, ssi fi^ it ont till there is bat one left, A Prince of dbeVoiyal Faaaly mnft be an Bmpeior or noddng { die reigning Prince liddom fideti a near Relation to Kve. tn Perfimt *ds obferved* 'they "only l^toiiit the Eyes of dl fnch Princes as they appithend nay be thor &irak i SAifft* itf«|«/.1 The fimperor or Gnat Mfgal affones 6lte fpuA Title on his Advancem^M to the Throne; as. Tit Cf»fmrtr tftk* IFtrUi Tit OrMuunt tf tht Tbrttu, 8ci. bat he is aevar ctfvnd. Mfi Soni."] The BmpeNrs Sons have dw Title of Sohans, tad ftiir Daoghters of Sultanas^ and their Viceroys of Provinces ale iikdNabobs. r NMlitj.] The next id Degree, which nay be efteemed didr Nobility, are ftiled Chn, or Cam, ms it is |>roiioanced, and are Miagailhed by the Names they receive on their Advancement! as, Jjf^Chmtt, the riebltrtli CbtnChomm, L»ritfbtr4t\ and to his fVyfidioi the Mogul gave the Name tfMicbHb than, or Uti*fbit The great Military OfRcen are called Omabt, and iftbeyhavo been Generals of Armies they are ftih^ Mimas. Ai to diy Pagan Princes, tributary to the Megal. thefe are called t^n. The mod honourable Cad or Tribe of uie Pagans, are their tramint, or Priefb : The (econd i* that of the Rajapmtth or ffyi- fo«, being the military Tribe. There are no lefs than fixty Pagan Tribal, diat will not eat or intermarry with a Perfon of a diftmnt Wbe. Ff a Tho. tni>iA QwgtA* llMd Mbn ti»P»na ««^ and Nobainr to ioknk Ae lb. I ite» nd fay of ihdr AncdlDf»i bat tkew k ao Ibek Tfcuvai afMCdiitil^ nMoan Of Bftrtct tiwoiig hM mMryb of Jmmmmm Nt> j bffinr aaagicac Officers. Wlien thde dw, all their Eftaiei, ladnj 1 ftrtiiA The Force* of the Mogul are computed to aaioatiii . foo^eoo Horie, of hia Mm^tds or white Sabjeai, who are vSaOfX denominated Mrnn & Iniim, befidct the Forcei of die Rjumt «[ fcltdc Princes, whidi may amoant to as maajr moiei and tMj ttoont die Mo|«l*s Gnard fnmoAy with twentjr tboofand Mca ly| Tbtfis j they ate noft of diem Foot t and when the Mogul atucbl mM of die qnfubdued Rmjm in the Defiki and Paflb of dft Mats.! he makes «ft of die XmJ^iaes in die Senrice of the bhdl gtiiMmi*} Tho Revenuwof the Mogul are computed at fbr^lQ.] lions Sterling, ftr Amu. arifing from the Duties on Merchsi " Trade, ami die Labour of the People y but chiefly from the Pr 'MT die great Men, andthOllevcnaesofthfrmmeroasPioviaami ' Vkennr, or hUob, t^bA Governor, being obliged to tnuuiak i ^Coort a Xihd of Tribote inftaallir from evtrv Prorince : The V^jJMc Princes vtider die Dominioii of the Mogul, pay him i pM^.l As dMte are Variety of Climates, ibdiertisa • liny of innphitants and Complexions, in this extenfive wK. Black, White, and Tawney. In die Nordi of /«£«, - dieMwTfOt JMntfiir chiefly refidc, the Pnple are white* Tlie Macks h«#e hmg. Ainiag, Uaok Hair, and flae Featum^i Ik imifce die Gmim Uadu. Towards the Soodi, ^ite dirongh die Middle of /mIm^ th|f i as bUdc ai Jet; and on the Coafl they are of a ttwney or " Comjriexkm t and dmie is a mixed fireid of all diefe legllMr, IUHt$.'\ The Habits of all are a Veft, rirt about with a M i ■ « Teihant en their Heads % thofe of the Moguls, or Mi voch larger than thoTe of the BhttVs. The conunon Men ii i The Women luve a whole Piece of Muflh or CaUicoe ded i didr Waift, and thrown over their Breafts and Shoulders, iej broad belt i Their Hair is drefled with Abundance of riitteriag ' . kels: They wear Bracdets on their Arms and^Legs, Ri^|S oa FinMTs and Toes, a Jewel in their Nofe, whkh nUa upon die 1 andhPendents in Uieir Eara i and the Men alio wear Bracelets on i Am*,- of Gold, if diey can aibrd itt if not, of (bnie other ud perhaps Glafai and vmy Man t^any Faihioa wears a Crica^j ir.hisSafli. coi Qtirimt mid Ttmftr.'] Thgf ate a wonderful lagenkMS hefpttable and benevolent. Thtfc is but one Caft or Tribe i ulicrit oM Qd> j fiKkTfeiitii ftatet, ml pal I to aflMot 11] wbo vt ' F the tMth9t\ m» •»*** lioafaiidllciBf , Mog<4 attKb et oC theMo^l ce of the faiid Btedatfbitylft| )n MefcMr"" from the ?r 1^ IP tnwMti iBce : Tlie r oT/a^tMfi ttwiwjr«r ihfBfe con ,twiilia8aft,i or Mthof Meni>< iHi»Ii|Mii« thdr Proftl ii , |tM| dpliaedi tbty ait caOed Miapis^ ^ Ae i?4f«, ine aocieat Sovm^Im of Q Aef are the nioft inoffedifc Peoila ia iht Willi; patf of aflholtiiig another, or et any VtodBBli, , traatsver. Sabtttimit.] The /m^Mi filiate thdr FricMti hjr lUtlm I Ri^ Hand* and fonetuncs both, to thdr Headai and to n Ifaa tkqr bow alnioft to the Groand. To thdr Priacai the/ doim flat upon their Facet, eljpedally where thejr have ofioMlfl^ 1 ut in Difgrace. Upon a Vifit, the Ferfon vifited does not move to ttecC hil ft\tmt, iWt entreats the Vifiter to fit down by him on jbe Carpet, aaMi iho iBeKl and Arefc-nat is brought him to chew, as ibme Peopk do 9I|» ItaetOi They are verv refenvd, and feldom talkatood, or myMf |ad dM7 femetimes pUy at Cheft or Cards for TrUha. Dhti^J At Feffivak die dancing Girls are ftttt for, and M (cgMnay aa Flays by Torchli^t. ! are poor People in Mim that cany about 9a^ti io eovrifK and, npon their finging, and pUyinf^ noon very bod Ii^ CallkootiedL Shoddei*, m offiitieriagT' ^.Wngioa ills npon the I rBracaUtionj ota» other M I wears a Cri*l :!!f: mom or Tribe I beats, die Sernents will get np and dance. Hawking, Hi piUegt and other roral Sports alfo are praAiied here : And dii . fiMMtimcs entertained with the Flghtt of Blephaats, Lioos, talfi lirWildBeaftt. tmd,] The Food of the J?r«MM and SimiM Tribes is Rice, R0019, ' "bs, or Frntt. They eat nodiia^ dut has iife, holding dae Ooe- »of Tranfmigradoo. Thf other Pagans eat almoft every Kind rPMi, Fifli end Fowl, except Beef, which d>ey lefirain from, dM' Ul being one of their Gods j but tlieir grand Di(h is Pilo, confiiiag FMIed Kke, and Fowls or Mnitoa. I Tie Mmti, or Jtfefc—rew, eat every Thln| aUnoA bet Swimfli ^1 but ftw of the Patams or timhmmtmu dnnk any other liqnoe Water: Some '>f the Ptgans, indeed, drink Palm- Vine, the r of die Cocoa-nut, or Toddy, which is drawn from the Cocof* tTiee, \UmiMi$.1 The Marriage of the Ar^ee Idolatort are nude bf hb PafMA when the Parties ire Children, which are folqmniniB I great Splendor when they come of Age to cohabit t and dio* iHalhand can't refiife his Wife, he may tskeanodier, and emir- aa many Concubines as he pleafesi and if hit firi wife omw- r at it, he may reduce her to the Condition of a Slave t bm ia imlo on dM MaUUit Coaft, *tis laid a Womtn it a llowed dwio It, «^ contribMoJoindy to the Maintenenci of the Mhe. A brings no other Fortune than her Cloiidu and Ofiiamiaii» Itwo or three Female Slivett and die Father of the li i da g woi Meet a Sum of Money oltm to the Brido'eFrieada, lb that Im ia liaMonerporchaM. F|| FMfr«63 E ' 4$^ . INDIA off^ Ganges. ' ^ikamiA.] Tl^Pagaiu ofiinffii bum thdrDnd, uid'ai«n|b Openfive w die Perfbinc* they throw iato the Fnneial nie. TrtfMiaiiw.] Heiv we no Horiei fit for the Seddle or Coadi, eeb f very foujl Breed. The /mjtm Cavalry confifts of Horfet braagit eat of Ptr/ia or Tmrtary, at an exceffive Price. Camda and Omj pra their Beafti of Borthen, and their Oxen will carpy a Man verv«dl \ H good round Trot ; but the nfaal Way of Travelling it m a Paha, i quin, or Couch, covered with a bending Canopy, and carried by &■ jMte that will trot along, Morning and Evening, forty Miles a Okyi and of thefe ufually ten are hired, who carry the Palanquin byTv^ Ibnr at a Time. . OmtSHts.'] Amon^ the CoriofiUes of the Hither /«//«, the IXt- aioiid Mines in the Kingdom of GtiumJa are not the leaft; theicMl IM> Mines in the World that equal them in the Goodnefs or Size of ikl Diamonds, except thofe lately difco^red in Brasa'i, and the Ww| .of thefe is not comparable to thofe ofGokomla. TheHdfpitals ibcSsHiMi endow fi>r fick and lame AdnihiJ anodier Curiofiqr. < TheMogal> Camp alfo is a great Coriofity, for he lives ini fidd dnring the fair Seafoq, Which lafls four or five Months, efidea the military Men, which amount to above ' one ha._ thoefaad, who carry their Wives and Families widi them, he it i tended by moft of the grest Men *n the Empire, and followed I nil Manner of Merchants and Tradefmen from the ctfkil Q hffloanthig in the Whde to upwards of a Million of People t aadi ' thefe he makes a Tour of a uioofaad Mila every Year, threagk i ffut of his Domimons, and hears the Complaints cf the iheaadl^ ''kis Sobjeas, if they happen to be oppreflcd by his Nabobs (Vir ^ ■iv Govern6rs. There is a Caravan of ten thoofand Camds and Oxen that i Kantlv attend the Camp, and bring in Ptovifions from every Fm( ' the Countiy. The Commander of this Caravan is ftvled a ?u and is velred with gieat Power, as he is to famiih we Coat i Camp with Provifions. This Cainp is at leaft twenty Miles in Circumference : Thqr i i«lunp in a round Form i the Mogul's Tent, and thofe of hit Woe -mr9 on. an Emiaence in the Middhr^ and feparated from the nlj 'M high Skreen or Indofure. fieprond this are the Nobility, Gr ■ rab, and People of DiftinAion in another Circle, and the id I cecd in Circlet, according to their Quality i the inferior Pa • being neareft the Outfide of the Camp.— Nor mall we fo Antiquities in the Ifland of C«mm'« or Saf/iiUt oppofitf to which all Wriieis take N9cice of i muticularly an iiipletttTe cot oat (^ a Kockt and afcended by a vaft Nomb^ of Sti oat of the. tame Koek i the Kooi it archfd, the Door M Co Pand i It confiUf o( three Ifles, Part of Uiem covered by ii <' b replenvl^ea with iuch ^ mages at the Mia»$ ftill worfhip. ■ other (mall Ifland near thit, there is the Figure of an Blevhsatl out of the Rock, as big as the Life, from whence the Ifland it al iUfbMm, INDIA ^Mj(|(ii» Gapg^. » ms^ lmH*'l BdUct tb« Bmmim Lango^e, tb^ «rc (hi MtM^ apd >Mi« TflDgiMit, whidi m iroS comnMalir fpokcn by dM ni^ goHt dM one opoB die JMUGilar Coafl, udtbcbdicrM tieCotiof OmimtMy bat no I«ani§aaM u omki aniverCdly lyxkrilood ob tbe Colli, Md in ths trading Towas, ihaa the Ptrttpi^, «hkh U thf iiMM /Knr« of dut Pare of the World ; bat this it mixed with fiwMi I htm Wordt, and not feoken in that Parity as in Ptrtnga/. Tb» Pann fsaendly write on die Cocoa-nat or Palffl-oee Leaves , with as koaStac or Bodkin. A Spedmen of the Bt0gt^» J tutu Language, in dieir Ftutr-a^^ iMIoira: B*ff* htlMt jm»g adim di fitrga \ nammM-nm ia£ htrfiditi j rmi§0t- lyudun/m Ruri-bmri mtmiriHtm kita/dbaH imUm i mmUm hr- Mip mi i m Iftk ktm dtv/k hf» ftptrii JUia Itr-amfamakwiJli^B httMm kaftdm |/te I ifMf-mm am ht»tmr Htm iafmda tjoi^am ; f«r«^l UfJtMt Utm daH Ugy ijtkat I kmrmm m$t$f»$fja rtJjai daa» kauvou ftAam iaam itr Uf- 'xm tmftf hmiUnd, Amin. A Specimen of the AfiMar Langaige, in their P^tr^mjhr, fmamamilattnm gtUiU irukkira mgtlfidatMi tnwmmjkt naham \aftfAihka padlmuadarai HmMmHia rar/cUfam noarmt mmmdriim parm ma i idal a t tiu Jcbija fadam afttt fawdjiUjam /chija fadh- ■ ; aaaaaai^la mgil •ppam ettgeUakku inaudaram ; Am/ tadm Ma aai^gti ptrmiSuaa fifU airam lagtl cadtnpM eagti-htkia f0- M MfK&f ytbmnriiiU firanut/chija dtgam ; aam tia-auyiU aiaam W Itt/dUttM MUm i aatdtadal rat/iiiammam ftfammam atagi auijam liia laaiaatH kumaadajirukhtda. Amen. Mgita.'] 7^ Mtagalt ind Mtort, and the Defendants of dM ' iti, are an Mabtmtetu, of the SeEt of Ontar, being the fame with idTarkejft and therefore needs no further Defcripoon. The Blacks are all Pagans, of whom they reckon up'diree or fear I feverai Cafts or Tnbes diat will never intermarry, or fo miKh lot with one another, or with the Pebple of any otner Nadon or illla I mod honourable of thefe Tribes is that of the Braau9$, Soc- I of the ancient Braekauvu, who are their Priefts i the next art I R^y^atu, or military Men ; and the third the Baayaas or Ch»atftt i l$ift that never eat Flefli t or drink ftrong Liquor, and applysof KoKidvei chiefly to Trade, «re ibme of the ridieft Merchanu in the rend. Aad ^ SeA that abiteins fW>m Marriage, lis faid, does it that ■» ^ntncs may be ftiflcd by their mutual Embraces. ; Cdm."] The Coins we meet with in diis Country ata the Pice or waidi are of Copper, aUd about the Value of a Hadf penny ; ~', a Silver Coin of the Value of Three-^ac«i thcRoupee. Silver Coin, two Shilliiln and Three-pence i ibe Gold or Roupce, which is about the Value oTfottmen Silver Rou- 1 1 and a Pagoda, (b called fifom having the Figure of a Pagoda ^ped upon it, is of the Value of nine Shillings. The lat are ' chiefly by the Itajat, or petty Princes t they are flat on one Tf4 (idi 1= 1 ■.■«* hiare tfttn iiiiiDjrddittGoiiBtiy. FoM%i Gotes atfbiMcamttii tlMfobitUHs mi memtrsNe Events. St)i/f was |krobaUy Irft jpeofllc^ from fri^ .Aat Xjufdoa Vcing coQtignoiM to it, and in dw Way of Mtftfttrndm^ when it fstmi to be 4greed the DercendaAti of J^«las Treafare in We, loft Half of it in pafllng thf River Ariir^, the Veflels which had it onB being driven down thf Stream into the Ocean, by die Viokilce of Mutfoons, which (hiAednt that Time. INDI im Seaaadtl IndAell GiaadC lOh the J WKft . .the U Baft ^ th« Sfl -*m. Iwl INDIA h^ ^Afi on B, trtBi tlftOit Pemtfukrf INDIA. SffMCtiinit md JExtiat. E.IM.J I aeoo Mikt JB LcBfik. VN. Ut tmdtrkt,] DOUNOEDbx 7tfrr«9 on the North< bvCMM X3 oxl d» CMm^mt S«a on the Eaft; b^ the ftatt Seaaad the Stniu of MaUuem on the Soath j and by the Bay of B*tkid I lidthe Hither JM« on the Weft. / ««V ! I and 30 I 1000 AOci in Breadth. Gnuid Divifioni. SnbdivifioBt. lOfe the North' fJebtm £ Jracam — — ChierTowhk lOi the Sooth Mmrttiam the the Hbrth 97. N« teem M HCimmdMrm, Jrmctm, r? doaOy formed by the Mud, which the River leaves oehind, and makes die earth cscceeding fruidul as far as k extmds* All the htf^ Grounds are dried and burnt up by the Sun, foon after the Raim sre over I and though fome of dieir Lands are naturally fruitful, yet tkey are fo fabjeft to Droi;ight, Infects, and other Inoonvtnieaaes, m they are fomedmes deprived of their Harveft in the Uplands ievenl Yean together, and foch Years are generally fucceeded with pellilea- tial Diflcmpers. Upon the Land which the Inundation does not reach, they fome* dmes fow Wheat, and water it like a Garden, by fitde Channeb cat thioogh the Fields. Tbe Coins of SUm mAMtlaecm, anddwftof GiMM, are current in Tenfuiii and Ceehtm China. Fninci and Manufaauru of Tonquin.] The Cbontry of Tssfinr vrodnees great Quandtles of Silk, fnch as Pelones, SooTees; Hawkin, Peniafboest andGawfe; the Pelongs and OaWw are fomedmes dsis, and fomedmes flowered. They make alfo ieveral other Soru oT Silk, but diefe arc chiefly bought op by the Englijb and Dutth. The Lacouered Ware is another ereat MamifaAure in this Kmg* dom, and efteemcd the beft in the World hext to that of Cbint sM Japmi t and the Difference between the one and the other is not fo much in the Paint and Vamifli as in the Wood, which is modi better in 7«/«» than here. The Lacquer Houfes are looked upon to be very onwholfome frma a poifonous Quality which is faid to be in the Lacquer, making die Wofkaca INDIA iifoiii (kngja, 4^ IKprftMa bicak out in groK BkMlm and Boar : VMmiMtt dfiyara yotAi Tnrpendiie, Mufli, Rhubatb, and Awil o6ar Drap. Ifti ^ CooDtry «iro may be had Lknam Aloea. Thoos^ Ttmquiu be foil of Silk, they feldom Mply dieiamfcs to work it on the Shipjmig arrivca j the People are kept to aulbnfahr nam. by the great LonU to whom the Lamb bdong. and whoJw Vault tb(7 are, that they ha^ not Money to pordiaw Maiirials 1 lod therefore foreign Merchants are forced to advance them Money, and wait federal Months till their Goods are wrooght. The Peoole of TVmwAr and Ctcbh Obinm^ which lie under the fame Fanllelwitn thofe of Siam, are of the like Statnre ud Compleidoni their Habiti, however, are different. The ?*•«« mW« and die Inhabi* ttati of Cochim Cbimm wear a lone Gown, which is boond aboat then with a Safli, and the Sexes are Karoe diftingniihable by their Oarb i d» Quality ufually wear Silk : hot thev never thmk themfelves finer tkaa in BrngUfb Broad-doth, either red or green i and have Cape of tlw fiune Stuff with thdr Gowns. Inferior People and Soldiers gp- pcrally wear Cotton-doth, dyed of a dark Colour. Poor People go hire-haded, except in the rainy Seafons, when they wear fliff hroad- litipuned Hats, inade of Reedls, or PsJm-Leaves ; diey fit crofi- I^ed, after the Manner of the Shmtfit and other JJiatiets and have Conches or Benches, covered with fine Matt, round the Rooms where dmr entertain thdr Friends. Thele Peode are excellent Mechanics, and mighty fair Dealers, Mt given to Tricking and Cheating like the Cbint/i. frMffti.] The King engroffes moft Part of the Trade of the King- dom to hiffifelf, and even defcends to fell Goods by Retail in Shops h^ his FaAors. He fometimes aUb agrees with the Dmteb to iell them all die Skins and Fan the Coontry aflords, at a certain Pricei aad dierefefc his Snlyeds arc oUigtd to fell them to him firft, at hia «rnPrioe» TrsJUi at Malacca.] The prindoal Trade of the B»gl^t in diia Country, is driven at thie Port of MaAif m, in thePoffeffion of the Iht€k, Hidier the Smg^ fend two or three Country Ships Xeaihr, from die Coaft of CtrmmM and Bay of Btngelt widi CaHcoes, flig^ Sflks, Opium, He. and make profitable Returns in Canes, Rattaaa, Baajaain, LoofrPepper, Sugar-Candy, Sapan-Wood, and fnttimw Gold may be had at a reafeoable Rate. But this is a Trade prohibiMd by die Qunk, and canied. on by the Connivance of die Govcreor, Council, and Fifical » and 'tis obkrv«d,.that the Mi^ftratci and prin- cipal Officers in the D»i€b Sctdements, being ipoft ol them Frieirat or Rdations of thofe who oompofe the Sute, and fent Abroad to make .#eir Fortune** wiU deal akooft with v^y People to enrich their privato Fanuiie*, nptwithflMding the Prohibition of the Company. Sevond Trav^rs rnate, diat Cloves and Nntm^s grow here ; whereas Cloves are the Produce of jlmkyiu and the mtSutm Iflaads only, and Nuomu and Mace of die BmU Iflaiida, which lie above ^ d^Kiiand Miles Baft of MaiattM j but it may be troe dut Fo- veignen 46o 1 N ^ 1 A itfokd Gkn^ nApm mm #IA llitfe'Sjitoeft at Ma/teet, «Mdi dief iMfpwAil df tlw IMt$ O&rtnmn ind Oficen, wto ouke Utde Sot^kil dieatiai^ thdr Maften. C^iittifm in t^mqain «n/ Cochin China.] The ConlitiitiMi of the Government viftMfiin t% venr particolar. The King enjoyt onljf the Name* aiid the Prune Mioiur, or Viceroy, has vlTthe Powcr^ and to him all People make their Court. The ^ing is a Kind of a Prifoner of State^ and brought out of his Cattle once a Year to re> cdve the Homage of his People^ and the Prime Minifter dcdaics» he takes the Adminiftratk)n of the Government o^ himfelf, tain his Title, and governs in his Kane, as was the Cafe formerly it Frimce. The. people are eafily cajoled widi Names ; if there be hM the Name of a King or a Parliament left, they feldom confider the ltd Alterations that hive been made in their Conftitation. The preftat Frtucb King is defeended fiqm an Ufarper, and dieir Parlbumts an no more than Tools of '^^'f Power; and had Cmmntll atfuoicd d|i Name and Title of a King, it is highly probable his Pofteii^ nkk have enjoyod this Crown widi as an unliowed Aothority aa ue De< Ibendants of i^'i G^/ do tn FrMTf. G^vmntntf f^Mslacca.] As to Malacca, the Southern Patt ofdia ^infula, die Dmei are entirely Maften and Sovtfdghs of it, bdi| poiftfled of the City of MUatea the |Capita!, and feveral odier Settto- ments on the Coall ; and here they ufuallv have a Squadron of Mei «f War, which commands the Coafts of both the Hither and FaitiMi iSn£«, and die Straits of Ma^Kcm, through which none can pafs, widi> oat their Leave, into die Cbiiufimi Sea { and tjhey adually make dM J^trfngf^/i pay Toll for paffing dum, from whom they took tMk Gtf ^fMmkccm, ''■ ftfau ^Siaaa.l The King's Forces are as nomefoaa as his Sabjadi; He co(A>i*nd« die Service of both in Pstee and War^ tiM duif 6tren^ 6f their AMrfes k ifi (heir Elephants, of vAuA ihiey mnaaua ihreral Hittd«edstt«iMd up to War. ' Uttvauits.'] His ftevcbues arife from the Lands of the Crown, ad | a tlent diat is paid bim in Kind out of an the Lands in his Khit*] dom, and by Monopolies of almdft every Bfinch df Trade; but fi| does not receive in Money above 600,000/. ^ Miiam. Hh Et< pences at die fame time are vety finall, as Ikis Qiflist and Armies an maintaintd ont of the l>ands of the Crtown, and he has the Service tf his Sublet fix Months in die Vear wiUMot Wager. -^ • fnfm\ INDIA kjiad Quv*. Alh f^rfnt mad HMu pf tkt BiBimift ) thie§ mm ^ % p$ti 9mu% Idoii corpulcpt, of anwwwr of CUSn Onip l i a hMi , ■ocwjr.of dwii Mack asm the Hither iManAii* liuH^ 'Ikiy Br ttihit tWi giiiiMH j imn wheace 'tis eridcB^ that it is not the $«n alone vfitjch u aicOc> ci^offliebbckCo0i|ilexiQii. The Paces of both Men a«d Woa«i Kfanewhat of the woadeft, with hig^ Cheek-Bones, and th^ ictMada. fttddeijy contnft and terminate in a Pmn^ as well as their Chins : They have dark fmall Eyes, not very briflc ; their Jaws hol- low, large Mouths and thick pale Lips, and dieir Teeth died black ; Mr Nwcs mre fliort, and round at the End, and their Ears large, .\iriudi thqr accoont a Befnty ; long Nails, gwitiBg an Inch or two beyond their FioecrsEnds, are looked apon alfo as OmaaMi|iB| thaf kavethick lank Hair, which both Men and Women cut fo {jatan, that it teaches no lower tban their Ears, and the Women make it fttnid op « dieir Foreheads. The Men pull oflF their Beards by die Roots, ih- Icad of fliaviag them, and do not leave fo madi as Whi&crs } an4 fiAr no Hur on their Bodies below the Girdle. The Habit of aMan of Qoalicy is a Piece of Callicoe tied about hia liDfaW,. Ivhich reaches down to his Knees t dkis u caHed the ^«/»r ; he «em aUb a Muffin Shirt, wiihoot Collar or WriAands. In Win^ar iuff wear a breadth of Stuff, or painted Linnen, over their Shooldni, fteallande. The King wears a Cap in the Form of a Sagar*k>af, ending with •CSflda or lUmact of pMcious Stones abam ici and ^ EAeaiuM.] Thofe who have the Education of the YooA, tead dwm to expreft aU the Modeft/ and Submiffion iaaynablt towairfi their Sapcrion. Dhtv^i and Ciiftms.\ Th«ir rural Sports are Fiflitn^ iad Hatt. faig : They aft Coinedies oy Torch-light, from Evening ull Moniia|, i and the/ chew the Arek-nut and the Betel-leaf, whicn is a Kiadaf | Opiate, perpetually : they celebrate the Feftivid of the New Ycir, Wnich widl them begins the Middle of our Janumj, for ttt or tvNbc j Bays fucceffivdy, when there is a Ceffittion of all h^ner of Bitfiadii and they fpend their Time in Drinking and Gaming. The fbfi ai fifteenth of every Moon alfo are Holydays; and their great Meaii- 'iemdze their Birth-days anunalljr, when they »•? complimented l|r their Rdations and Friends. CHrhjStitt.'] The greatteft Coriofities id this Penhifola of AtJtMl ihehr Bephintt, of which diey have greater NnnAers dum m %l •ther Fart of the World ; many hundreds of them are trained if HI War; fhA Animals do not come to thdr fhll Growth tii thayatl an handled Years old, and live fevcral hondr^ Years aftarwards, nil are certainly- the moft fkgadoos and traAaUe Animals in NanR.| There ii a white Elephant fai Simm that is alHioft adored, thekt aetir ' lag another of die Coloar : They bdieve this Elephant b aahnaarit 'the Sool of fbme great Prhioe. and for Aat Reafon the Xing acfi tidaa upon Um, and he is ferved in Plat^ and treated as a MMSfck j neat to the white Elephant, the bUck are moft in Efleem. Aa the Siamtft have no Clocks or Wandies but what are IciM Emifit tnev make oie of a hollow Cf^per Ball, with a xHole in it, which, being pot on the Top of a Tub of Water, knif the Water Inr Decrees, and ^nks when die Hour is oot » this fi them inflead of an Hottr-g^s; and as they have no Clocks, ghre JNfotice of the Hour by ftriking widi a Hammer, nn a greatl ae^Vaie. Anotiier Curtofity, we jmeet with here, is t)ieir pnntlhing Lyiig I fcvwely as ivt ^n Perjury, ' Here |90 we me t widi Trials fay Fire and Water Ordeal, like^ pf our Smnrn Aaceiiors, where fumdent Proof is wanting in a( ISroCbcution. Anodier Kind of Proof is fwallowing Pills, which die Prieft i nifters to bodi Parties widi terriUe Inprecadons, and the Party, \ kaepa them in his Stomach widiout Vonddng, ii adjudged innoceat I INDIA beyond Gangei. , 469 An najoft Intnidnr and Poiidbr of Inttd* it dsoBid n «; (ame Stamps* but fame 4l4 lit t> 1 4 h^ Oan0!s. IJMWiM Itft dM otiMn I tiM|r.ai« of the Figm of a QMcf, tr 1^ bmt bock Ead« Mfeiher* Md liavt a Stunp ot oc^ Side, will lCkanAm» th« lleamng of whidi ollr TnveUen ghre as no Ac iHflfi tliofe OQ one Sid^ art indodad widiin a Ring» nd thdt m I He^t #idiin a Figure »*■ •■-, ^^'^.; .^.^SZ^ZT^'^PM '?&iSm':- iSide. wiik « «• no Ac< tadthoftw WORB attt ••Ssffi; ni diey an &'«, and in rice» stt di^ ii genmDjij am. tqntnt'RcT^I ; ofthisPMl •tot andul wncdMrilMrl Ibe nnltoflii sYctr 15 ITS) to at ^nce; vn npon after ' "«»r *»*^"" i^ ch at Mn was nalntaia I in I fooror and Acai ca of a j^'. #4^*T^;|, ■<*" P-dmT ^sa o» li TlBJBT ic^> 3CO •^ YAWillLA Ar4^ ^ i VkI m^ ^ ^ H^^lft' ''^L^ 3 5.,i,'^.S J^MSMM^ KVi- ;<] lAVTi 'X Jb A HAT xtrwx ^i, ; 8x. ^ •-^■yA r&j T M JB ^vtm U""^ CS[i2rss:M XtyfAM — j»r oaicotiL T S « f y y< ocjsAjr « imm' M0MJi m. ctdmjby^i AV Pajit .-«»«-•.;. A-«.u WMl| l s^ilferf» • t465l .. impire ^ C H I N A, con/ilting of Chi end Chinefian Taiti#)r, is the mfi Eafl&fy P| rftbe Eafttm Qmtimalt. ^ SUtatien and Extent 200O Mitea In Length. and SB.Lon < anc C US ^ Being ^ Lat 1 606 Miles in Breadth. — T f ?<"/»/«, E. Lob. 1 1 1* M N. Lat. 40. -J LSigMm. ♦ vi.j TIOUNDBD by the RhJ/Im Tartary on the North f J3 by the Paeifit Ocean, which divides it from North .riea, on the Eaft ; by the Cbintfiau Sea, South : and by Tnjtii^ I ^ftrtitriam Coontries of Thibet and R^j^t on the Weft. iGrand Divifiont. Subdivifions. Chief Towns. of the maACNi»ebt ^— — — ") C iViW /J» [Wall are the Fro-<< Corem IviDces of — — ^ Laotmgt bin the great Wall* f Ptkin i adjoining to it, J ' the Prdvinces I Xtmfi . l,Xtnfi - the Coaft of the \ ^'"^'^ "/'•Sea are. '\cbiki»m mare, f i&«wyf r Ftkitm Southern Pro- \ Cmntm are, — I .^««*/ J Smcbutn Weftern Pro I are, -^— ^^tthtu {^armtfa -^ ifffrm — - jlf«ra« — fft^f Iflands Gg Chincbit Ranking, E. Loik 118-30. N.Lat.ji. Cbmfin. H»nan TMntfk Nmik»n. *l Smcbutn — — 7 f TV' ■binteu 'ityamg 'kttbtm »nam. HTmmUf Lineal* l{tatM. •**. Mrtrfthiiis.] 4^ C H I N J, 'r MtMttths.l There tie few Mottfttatn* Ita CtUta { their highea Hflb ||w IB Ckmifiim tartarf, Kortk of tlMngreat Wall. ^ Ai%rv.] thi ckkf tUvcTB tfttis fefepitt art, i. Tlie U mour, which wm, till lately, th»Jtfl|iiity bit««sn A#ittr end Gk. mtjiatt 7«rtary ; but by the lall Ttflkty between thbfe Powen, tke Ci6/ii»S obtained the Liberty of Humiilf tejrond that River ; whid occaubns Chintfian Tartary to be eztendea to 55 Dences Nortk: that is. 5 Degrees Nprth of the River TVfawirr. ih A6//*s Mapi. This River rifts in iUvJ^ak Jarta'y, and hiniiing m>m Weft to h^ falls into the Sea of Cortk, oppofitie to the Land of Jtfi. 2. The Rivt. ^rgun, which rifing in a Lake in MtmgulTmrfrjt runs froi South to North, and falls into the River ITtudtiir ; &is is the W$ilen Boundary between Chinrfian and R^Jiak fJirimry. X. The t>k«M)^ called alfo the Hoamio, or fellova iciver, wkich rifing in Tribttim fartaryy runs fi^m Weft to E:;ft, and entering tht neat Wall ia ill Provibce of Xtnfiy bends to the South Eaft, and pluBng by Cmfwa^ .^(charges itfelf into the Gulph of timmking ; this SUvn' canin 1 vellow Slime or Mud 4long with ir, ftom whence, it ob^fnei da Name of Heambo. 4. The River X/Vun, or the BUt River, (b naati from the Colour of its Watrrs, rifes in the ProviHce of tlMiM, ai running iirft Noith, dieb itmis Eaft, and haVittgfbrmed fared Lakes, vifits the City of Nanking, and betow thit City fliUi iMotlK Gulph ')f Nanking. Theft two Rivers ofCrdretm «nd KiMHt *it^ bnge And detp; the Ckiut/t relate they are not fhthoasUe ia fm\ Places. 5. The Riv^r Vay, rifing in the Province of ^geebtu, im Sooth Eatt to the City of Ca«/0», and fklls into the CUk^fiaM Sea, aj 1 tiie Ifland of Matat. Cauaii.] Bdides tWe Rivars, there are Innumerable navigibk Canals, of a vaft CMent, fome of them a thoufand Miles in Li and deep enovgh to caily Veflels of a very great Burthen. The of them arc lined with hewn Siorre on the Sides, and when the don't fail, they are drawn by the Strength of Men. There are Al dance nf FamHies diat five all their Live* upoia the Water ; and relate, that dieie ire almoft m many People vponthe Water ai the Land. Seas ami Bays.] The Seas of China have been already mentioncdii the Defcription of the Boundaries. The principal Bays arc (hofc< Kang, Nanking, and Canton. Jir,} This Country running through fo many Climates, Air is very different in the Northern and Southern Provia The South of Cbina, which lies under the Tropic of Conor, cxceflivehot, and has its annual periodical Rains, as other Coal under the fame Parallel. The Middle of Clina enioys a perate Climate, and a ferene Heaven { the North is cold, and I jcA to the like Inclemencies of the Weather, as other Nfl Countries are. S«H and PrtJnct.'] In this Variety of Climatei they have Ac Fruiti and Produce of the Earth, that are found either in hot] '«g Waier, wo dear for th Another Sim They want m l« to. particuli Gold I>uft afa JeSandaofRii TnroUvj relate »«. Cbtton, C ^ 8t«(l4, are •?■ Cabinets i ;'«y; istoClel JfOMjlers. Their Paper 11 ••gwnce here, f^l though, ^•"■J'afi Jong U ?"): of them a n«d» and Sterns ^^ *ny Top.a » ti tl t N A. 4»f told Coahtries ; n4 lndnK bkfled wiA » fhiitfal Soil, fhey ^ttC ■# Paios IB imjproving it. There U fc^rce « Spot of QrQoad Imc «| nife fomething on it : '[fheir-ffillt «fe cot hso Sooaits, i^uch ik0 huk aboat « and if thejr nwe( widka Spring totrardt die Tm% fivmr dien widi W»ter ; e(j^;«njdly iittir&ioe-Gipttnds in the Scrath, wkicn irffl not dirive, nnli^Plenqr of Wafer be turned ioto them* The Tca-PIaBt it peculiar to thi« Coantry, of whtdi thejr railir (aoo|^ to fuuiB) the whole Wprld. It degenerates if H be tranf- ^aawd into another Ccuno-y, thooeh ft lie under tht ftmeParallcL The Green and the Bohea are the wat Plant, bat gathered at dife^ rent Times, aad different!/ cpr^ ! oae by a natural Heat, and tho od>er by cuUnary Fires ; and the Bohea has fome Ingredient nuxcd with it, that gives «t that ycilowilh Caft. The Tropical Fruits, which erow in the Soodi pf CMnr, have been lb often deicribed, that it is net4leis to eonmerate them here } and thofe in the more Northent fans of die Gounuy are the iamc widi dMrfeuno der die fame Paralkpi in taropt. No Country produce^ better raw Silk, or in greater Qoantitiei ; and Cbiim tnijafaa Ware are in a Manna pecttUar to this and dl0 i^acent Countries. The TaUow tree feems to bf pecvliar to this Soil. It bears a Fruit, wiiqfe Kernel has all the Qualities of Tallow, both in Smdl, Colour, snd Confiftency } and they make their Candles of h. Rhubarii digr int from the North of CiiH0, or rather Tmrtaryt where they alfo nther the Plant Gi'nfeng. whoie Root, as well as LeaTes, infufsd iji Sailing Water» is drank by People of Figuie> iaftead of Tea, but is too dear fot die common People i to diis they afcribe the Virtues of nay other Sintple. 7Aey wan$ no Aniinalt that we havef apd hare fome we are Stran- lertto, particularly the odoriferous S^ag which pfoduces Mnflc. Gold Puft abounds here more than any where, which they get in die Sands of Rivulets. If ^ei« be any fuch Thing as Gold Mines, as TiaraUen relate, they are never opened^ Mmt^fiiatres im^frtfiti.} Their chief Manu&anres are diofe of SSk, Cotton, China ware, and Cabinets, or lacquered Ware. Their wrought Silks are inexpreffibly fine ; their Adas's, Gold and 83fcr StaA, are not to be paralleled any more dian the Ciitm-Wtxe nd Cabinets t but in Ha^-Ware dM Surt^aiu excel them infiama£e. Upon their numeroos Canals diey have Veflus almoft as big as Ships, worked by a few Hands with great Dexterity. There are not leis than ten thoufand of thefe Vcflels in the Southern Provinoei appropriated to the Service of the Government. Upon their Dedi they boild little Rooms from one End to the other, raifcd aboat ei^ Feet hieh, painted and gilded extremely neat and commodious, in which their Mandarins and great Officers travel together, and no where fpend their Time more agreeably, for here they vifit one anc ther witnout Ceremony, and pafs away their Time as if they wot all of one Family, which Freedoms are never taken by Magiflntet on Shore. There is fcarCe a City or Village in the whole Empire, efpccially in the Southern Provinces, but enjoys the Benefit of fome navigable Ri- ver, Lake, Canal, or Arm of the Sea, infomuch that almoft as many People live upon the Water as on the Land. Wherever there is t Town on Shore, there is another of Boats npon the Water, and niaoy People are born, live and die npon the Water, keeping Hogs, Poultry, Does, and other domeftic Ammals on board. Befides thefe Veflels, there are a prodigious Number of Floats of Timber perpetually going up the Rivers and Canals, which anj whole Villages of People upon them, thefe Floau being ibme of thca a Mile in Length, upon which they build little Huts, and five in thai Until they have difpofed of their Timber, which they carry fomedon a thoufand Miles by Water ; and thus every Part of this extenfin Empire has an eafv Communication with the other, which is a ni Advantage to Traae, as the Ciiiuji and Dutch, and other tradinf Nations experience. And Great Britain might receive equal Advantages if there wis i Communication between the three great Rivers of Tbamts, Stwn, and Trent, which might be efFeded by cutting ibme few Canals, not more than ten Miles in Length, in Clnuejlei^rrf and fome d* Ied tomai 9*iiitu and 7 "M not declii Wpeft of Ga 1 4on*t Sod there !• tny hereditarjr Notnlitx amoog the Gim^, pr uf Diftiiidion bat what their Places and Offices, or their foperior Wealth or Learning create. The Emperors m the CUntfe Race feldom appeared in Public ; but dw prefent Tartar Fomilj fhow themfelves to che People four Times ereiy Month. Ftnes."] The Forces of the Empire are faid to amount to five Mil- lions, which are a Kind of Militia only called out when the Exigencies of the State require it. The Jefuits have computed that there are in Chin* 155 Capital Cities, 1312 of the fecond Rank, 2357 fortified Towns, ten Millions of Families, and fifty Millions of People. They have no Naval Force, though they have a Sea Coa^ of feveral duwiand Miles ; and their Skill in Navigation is trifling, if compared to that of the Europeans. Rtvnaut.'] The Revenues of the Empire amount to upwards of Twenty Millions Sttrlingftr Ammm. Pirfens tfthe Chinefe.] The Ckinifi are generally of a moderate Stature, broad Faces, black Hair, fmall black Eyes, fliort Nofes, and thin Beards, pulling up great Part of their Beards by the Root with Tweezers ; they were very fond of the Hair of their Heads, which they nfed to wear tyed up in a great Bundle on their Crowns, till their Jtrtar Princes compelled them to cut off their Hair, and leave only a fiogle Lock upon their Crown, as the MabometoMs in all Coi^ntricsdo; I theu* Complexions incline to tawny near the Tropic, but in the North I diqr are as fair %s other People under the fame Parallel 1'he Women I are remarkable for their little Feet, being efteemed their ereateft Beaaty : In order to keep them little, from their Infancy they ar« boond up fo hard that they can't grow to the common Size; the Foot of a well grown Woman is not much bigger than a Child's of four I Years old. Hahitt.'\ The Men wear a Cap on their Heads, of the Fafliion Isfa Bell, that does not cover their Ears ; they wear alfo a Ved and Safli, and over the Veil a loofe Coat or Gown, and a kind of Silk Boots quilted with Cotton: When they are at Home among their I Friends, they throw olF every thing but a Pair of Drawen, and appear III naked as the common People do about the Streets ) but this muft Iknnderftood of the Southern Provinces, with which the Eureptamt jdiiefly trade The Women drefs with their Hair down, having nothing on their |Hcad, in the South; they wear a Silk Veil, either red, blue, or n, and over it a loofe Gown, with wide Sleeves, and embroidered Shoes, but hobble intolerably when they walk, having been rippled to make their Feet little. GtHiut and Ttrnptr."] They are of a moft infinuatino; Addrefs, and vill not decline the moft hazardous Enterprizes, wnere there is % Profpeft of Gain ; like the Dutch, Trade and Commerce, or rather. G g 3 Cheating; / 470 CHINA. Chcilitig ttid OreT'iMching, ftent to be the natural Bent and Ge* Mm of this People ; Giin it their God, diejr prefer it to every thing. A Stranger is in great Danger of bdng cheated, if be ttufts to his 6«lm Jodgment j and if he tmjioyt a Qkitiejt Broker, it is wtU if he does notfoin wirii the Merchant to hnpofeon the Stranger. The Men of Figure are perpetually engaged in Pnribit of Places and Preferments, which they procure by Bribes, or Prefents, as they are called. Their Laws oblige them to certain Rules of Civility in their Words and AAions ; they are naturally a fawning, cringing Ge- neration t the greateft Hypoaites on the Face of the Earth. leartihg.} As to their Learning, they ftudy no Language bat dieir own ; their CharaAers are a Sort of Short-Hand ; cvorv Cha. r;)£ter fignifies a Word, or a Sentence ; they have not to this Day the Ufe of Letters ; there are upwards of twenty thoufiind of thefe Cha- ra£ters ; ^eir moft learned Men are fcarce Ma/lers of all of them: thofe in common Ufe don't exceed three thoufand, which are under- flood in every Part of the Empire. They write from the Top to the Bottom of the Page. Religion.'] The Chintft worOiip one fupreme God, and feveral la. ierior Deities, who appear to have been Men eminent in their fevetal Ages ; particularly the Inventors of Arts and Sciences. They won fliip Things inanimate. Mountains, Woods, and Rivers, but nerer I Sacrifice to Vice, as other Heathens do. There are three Se£ls in China at this Day ; firft, the Followers of Ia Imkunt, who lived, as they fay, above five hundred Years befon{ Chrift. He taught that God was corporeal, and had many fubordi- Bate Deities under his Government ; his Difciples lludy Magic, and I pretend to make that Drink which will give Men Immortality. The fecond is the Se£l of the Learned, who are the Difciples of the fo much celebrated Ccnfueius, who left many admirable Precepts of Morality, and inftroAed the People in Philofophy; he foeaks of God «s a moft pure and perfeA Prihciple, the Fountain and fiffence of aD Beings : and though we are told ne prohibited Idolatry, he has Ten- ?)Ies and Images eredled to him, and is worihipped with the pro- bondeft Adoration, as appears from the Pope's Decree againft tbtl Jefuits for allowing their (Converts in this id| ral Moral Precepts, and that there is a State of Rewards, and Punifli-r meats after this Life ; they alfo inculcate into their Fdlowers, thatitl is not lawful to kill any living Creature ; or to drink Wine ; and| do not forget to inftruA then how much it is their Duty and Int to entertain and nourifli their Priefts, and to build them Temples Monafteiies, and perform the Penances they enjoin} if they neg ihtife Things, they threaten them with the greateft Torments «f DcatkJ Death, or tlii Bonien. They have Fomofa tUQ nincnt Bdlv. twenty Feet h^ Itige Inagcth Hold, a^ ric vhom they paji Thefimpeix) which does not d^ worQiip a I They |ive h Tartars have th( Place in his Pah That he may Number as like none of his Vota This Country tie City Gates. < i^MdhytheReli jple generally flan Thefe Places an Day. ^ The Chriftian londred Years ajN M Chapels the^ son, and endeav< ,^ilhcdtheKini iiwjchingupthe •" Temporal Pow •keVorld don't r And indeed it i .Cfcaawhenitflou «««»ue worfliipi «k«6«fTimeS P«« Men in CH, ICnodfathers, ^f There were Ch anrch fent Miffig *Ww««/, whow M Tradition thai \^« V. called J *»P*rjlitim,A T tht«|. to his a if he 'PIkci as they 'Uity in jngGc- age hot SCha- avthe efe'Cha- if then: re unwr- ap to the everal io- sir fevenl j 'hey wof. j llowers of 4rs befoN y fabordi agic. ani >tesoftk( 'receptscJ MofGca tnceof dl has Ten* I the pi»-l infttbt her of tl* ly God of' prty Ywn Each few-l |)d Fonifli- rs, thatiti rine ; W Indlni nples ^ey nq lents ai peathi CHINA, 471 J)eath, or that tkeir $oala fluU aiiuMM fiune Vcmin or Btat of Burdciu They have an Ima^ of Immortality, whkb ihom that of the CbiuiStt except it be that ih^ worOiip a living Man, whom they ftile the Grtat La$fnt. They p^^ l>u° the Name of Eternal Father, and all the Eafleni fartan have the greateft Veneration for him ; he is ihewn in a dark Place in his Palace, illuminated with Lamps. l^hat he may be thought immorul, his Priefts choofe out one of their Nomber as like him as poffible, who fucceeds him when he dies, and none of his Votaries doubt his living for ever. This Country aboonds with Idol Temples, which ftaqd withoot tbe City Gates, or in folitary Places, where Travellers are acconuno- I dated by the Religions with Lodging and Provifigns. By.every Teal- pic generally ftands a Tower, buik in Memory of fome Saint or Hero. Tliflre Places are filled with Images and Lamps that born Night ami Day. The Chriftian Religion made a great Proerefs in CJriHm about aa hondred Years ago. The [efuits relate they had two hundred Churchet lod Chapels there, bnt filU'mg oat with the Miflionaries of other Or- ders, and endeavouring to ruin each other, tbey were all in general huiflicd the Kingdom * to which nothing contributed more than their peaching up the Pope's Supremacy, affirming that he was fuperior to iBTempwal Powers, whicn b a Dodlrine the Princes of that Part of ike World don't raliih. And indeed it was an odd Sort of Chriftianity that was profeflfed in China when it flourifl^ed moft. The Jefuits fu#ered their Profelytes to continue worOuppiag CmftuiuM, and their Parents and Anceftors, at tebmc Time they worshipped the Popifh Saints and Images; the peat Men in China do not only worihip the Images of their Fathers, Graodfathcrt, igt. bet build Temples to their Honour. There were Chriftians in InJia and China, before ever the Roman Church ient Miffionaries thither ; in lulia they are czWcA' Cbrijiiant of %fhmatt whowastheApoftle of that Part of the World; and there it a Tradition that St. Thtmas was martyr'd upon a Hill near Fort * . Gtorge, called at this Day St. Thtmai% Mount. Suftr^iti*!!,] The Chim/e are great Obfervers of Times, and rely |Mch on the Predi^ons of their Aflrologers and Fortune-Tdlers. govern moft of their AAions by the Directions of fuch Peo- aad will not undertake a journey, or any Bufinefs of Moment, ntconfttlting when will be the moft lucky. Day or Hour to upon it, C g 4 Thefe %yi C H I N A. Thefe cmniBg Men pretend to calculate Nadvitks} being m* fenned when any Man wu born, the/ will tell him what Fortnoc he U tc expeft in the World. Com."] TheirCoin confifts of Pieces of baTe Metal like Brafi, with a Hole in the Middle, and having ftmne them, they coant by Strings; a thoafand of thefe Pieces are not the Valoe of a Crown. Their Si|. ver, with which thev afed to buy Goods, was cat into litde irreealar Pieces, and weighed in Scales, which every Man carries about hin, but of late they have no fmall Silver Coin. The Eureftant purdure the Merchandife of China with Bullion, or Foreign Coin, which ii alio taken by Weight. WtightiA The Ofitufi Pound contains fixteen Ounces, and each Ounce is divided into ten Parts : Thefe are divided into ten Pqmjr Weights^ which are again fubdivided into ten Grains. RrjoJuiions and memorable Events. THIS Country is faid to be called China^ from the great Qaan< j tityof Silk it produces, the Word Chin fignifying Silk, intlie Language of fome otthe neighbouring Countries. Certain it is, tiut I the Natir es know no fudi Name, but the Empire goes by the NaoN of the Family upon the Throne, as in InJia that Country is called Mogulftan, from the Megml Family now upon the Throne, thoueh tlit Mmropeatts give it the Name of Iiulia, or rather have revived ue an- cient Name. Their Hillorians pretend that the Cbintft Empire is of 40,000 Yein fianding ; but it is certain they have no Hiftories or Records above 20,000 Years old : And they afcribe the Invention of all Arts and i Sciences, even Hufbandry, Architefture and Ctoathing, to the Infcn- tion of fevcral Princes who have reigned within three or four Thoo- 1 fand Years ; and it cannot be fuppofed, if the World had been 40,000 Years old, but Ploughing, Planting, Building, and Cloathing would I have been learnt long before the lall 4000 Yeais. I The Chinefe have been governed the lad Hundred Years by TarttA Princes. There being two FaAions in China, which engaged tkl whole Empire in a civil War, the Weakeft called in the King ofl tJiuehe, a little Tartarian Kingdom, to their Affillance. This Princel had no fooner enabled his Allies tocrufh their Enemies, than he tookl an Occafion to pick a Quarrel with the Party that called him in, andl made an entire Conqneil of the Country, where he fo well eftabli(hed| himfelf, that his Pofterity (till remain upon the Throne of China. I As he was very fenfil^le his Tartars were much inferior to Chineji in Number, he obliged the Chineft to cut off their Hair, change their Habits to the Tartar Fafhion, that it might not be dif-l covered how inconfiderable a People they were in Comparifon ^ the Chine/n : All the Chitufe Soldiers, efpccially thofc who lift amongll his Troops, he obliged to put on the Tartar Habit, thai] ^hey might be loukeu upon as Tartan, and over-awe their new Sub jcass CHINA. 471 one M '>,witk trinti; rregiutt luthiffl, mrdufe ivhidiii xA each nPcnnj eatQoan- ik, in the I it is, that iheNasM is called hough die Dd the an- 1 joo Yein ^rds above I .Am and phelntea- mrThoo-l sn 40,000 log woaU Iby *[artv\ leaced w iHaJr, lot be dy Ipanfon Vvho li( labit, th« new Sul jcas Je6b t and had it not been for this politic Proceeding, the Gb'*^ woald foon have been fenfiUe of the'r Sapenorii^, sm pot an £nd to the Tartar Ufarpation : Bat what contributed ftill more to the Eftabliihment of die. Tartan, was the employing the CJnmji both IB their dril and milita^ AiTairs j they advanced the moft popular of the Grandees to be Viceroys and Governors of Provinces, and fo made them acceflary to the fubduing their own Country : They remitted to the People one Third of their Taxes, governed them by their own Laws ; and like our Heitry VII. delivered the Commons from that Tyranny the great Men ufed to exeicife over them ; and except in the Matter of their Hair and Habits, the Tartars feem n^er to have fubmitted to the Laws of the Cbim/e, than to have impofed any upon them ; and Tartary may now be faid rather to be fubjcft to Cbinat than China to Tartary : For in China is the Seat of the Empire ; there are the fupreme Courts of Juflice, thither all the Wealth of the united Kingdoms is carried, tliere are all Honours and Degrees conferred, and confequently thither all Men will refort. ClttHa has gained a vaft Addition of Strength by Tartary, and has now 00 Enemy to fear. Their indigent Nor^ern Neighbours are under the fame Sovereign, who keeps them in that Subjedlion that they are BO longer in a Condition to dillurb China. The petty Tartar Kings, 11 they are called, are no more than his Viceroys, or Governors of I ?rovinces ; and the Emperor has Forts and Garrifocs through their whole Country. The Empire of China is hereditary, unlefsthe mignine Emperor 1 makes any Alteration in the SuccefHon : which he can't do without the Concurrence of his great Council, which conflds of the Princes of I the Blood, and great Omcers of State. Every Viceroy and Governor, it is faid, is obliged to tranfmit to ICourt an Account of his Adminiftration annually; and if he endea- vours to palliate any Mifcarriages, is feverely puniihed ; but ftill it isobferved that there is more Bribery and Corruption In the Admi- luSration and Magiflracy in Cbina^ than in any other Pare of the IWorld : he that can bribe highett is morally fure to gain his Point j pereis a Circulation of Bribery from the higheft to the loweft. P E K I N a/y defcrikd. TH E Cities and Towns of China are all built in one Form, as near as the Ground will permit ; that is, fquare. Two great 'Streets, which crofs one another in the Middle of rhe Town, divide [ into four Quarters ; and from the Center, the fou principal Gates nay be feen at once. The Gates ftand due Eaft, Weft, North, and Buth. Ptkin, the Capital, is two Cities joined in one, as London and Vtftminfitr are with us ; one is called the Tartar, and the other the ^hintft City, the latter of which is much the moft populous. They tc both together fix Leagues in Circumference. There are not lefs than two Millions of Inhabitants in the City of \iiin. The Walls of this City are 50 Cubits high ; they are defended by iiuarc Towers about a Bow-Shot D;ft.ince from one another. Pvery 474 CHINA, E««nr Ott» of die Toin hat a Foiticii or lolMbt boSt befeie k; •f cqan VoiAx wkik dM Gate ; tht Aiches or Gai»*w«7i arc boik with Mwhk, btt the nft of the Walls with Brick. The Empeior*! Palace ftaads in the Middle of die 7mrtar Citjr, and b an obloog Square, aboat twe Mile* in Length and one ia Breadth, defended by a good Wall. CmriefitUt.'] Wiriiont the Gates of every Town there are ofnall; two magnificent Towers ereAed, and near each Tower is a Tem- ple of Idol*, and another dedicated to the Geniui or Guardian Angd of the Place. There are in almoft every City, triumphal Arcbei, boik to the Honoor of fome great Men who have been Benefadon lo their Conntry ; and Colleges or Temples founded in Memory of dicir great Philoibpher Confmciut, where his Precepts are taught. llwre are two Towers without the Gates of Nanking ; one of then called die Porctiawe Trwer, of an oAanguUr Figure, contains nioe Stories, and is two hundied Feet high. Thefe Tjwers are all built alike, in the Form of a Cone or Sogir Loaf: This Tower of Nanking is faced with China or Perodane oo the Outfide. Above the eighth Story there is a Cupola, which riles 30 Feet hiKh£.r than the Tower \ and on the Top is a very large Golden Ball. This I'ower has fltood above 300 Yeats, and appean wondcroos beautiful. L* Comfit looks upon it as the beft contrivei' and nobleft Sirudure in the Esift. The great Wall, which feparates China from Tartmrj^ begins ii the Province of Xtnfh which lies on the North-Weftof Ci6iM, iij about 38 Degrees of iNorth Latitude, and is carried on over Moon* uins and Vallies, and temiinates at the Kmng Sea, between the Pro* vinces of Ptkin and Leattnm. 1 he whole Courfe of it, with all the Windings, Lt Compit tells us, is about 1 coo Miles. It is almoft all built wirti Brick, and luch well tempered Morttr, that it hai now ftood above 1800 Years, being built by the Empem CtnMamti, to prevent the Incurfions of the Tartan^ and is vq | litde decayed. It is but five Fathom!, or about 30 Feet high, and broad enoagkl for eight People to ride a-brenft; it is fortified all along by iquaitl lowers, at the Dilhince of a Mile from each other. Cnfims.'\ If mutual Confient conftitutcs a Marriage, there ii sol fuch Thing in Clina; the Parties never fee each other tiU the Bir-[ gain is concluded by the Parents, and th.it is.ufuaUy when they inI pcrfcA Children) nor is the Woman's Confent ever demaaded iff lerwards. The Girls may well be reckoned Part of their Father*!! Treafure, fince the poorcll Man mud purchafe bis Wife, and sol Fortune is given with her. Next to being barren, the greateft Sc dal it Icems is to bring Females into the World ( and if a Won happens to have three or four Girls fuccciively, withoet a BojJ (he will expolJB or ftrangle them with her own Hands { and wb ever the Parenti happen to be poor or unfortunate, they look ap it, we arc told» to be an AA of CompaAon to deprive then of j niftia" C U 1 V A. 475 bctbft itt I vcbuiU vtar Ckjr, tad ontia tre ofnallf is a Tcm- dian Ai^d halArchci, oefadon to tory oftheit u one of them onuios nine Mie or Sogv 'oradane on , which rifo a »ery large and appean left conuW rjr, begiM '« \ of Ci&/«Mi, ii over MoQA' rcen the Pio« with all the ttred Mortv, the Empctoi I and iivo] )road enoogkl »g by fquui L there 'tt ii«| tiU the Birf [hen they ml cnaaded ill lieir Fathci'il ^ife, and m| treateftSt {f*Wc IthMt a Vfi\ and wl lookaf J |v« then of ^ niierable l««g» which thcjr art MM MuAf to (apport with Ctaifeit ThU » the Reaiba fo many ChiUtCB an daily eipoCed la dw Street* and Highways, whole PUents poMyluvi C» aach TeaderaeTs m. naiBiiig, that ootwithftaadinK a pimfllag Coflom, they canoe (ea iImb die, noch Utfs batcher tbeai with thcur owa Haada. FMMrab.] People of Oondition caafe their Tombi to be boik. ud their Coffins provided, in their Liie-tine* and there are few Families of any Note, but have their parttoular Burying-pbcas, whi. ther they are broi^ht, though they die at ever to great a Diftuca bom Home. No Perfons are ever boried within the Walb of the City, nor ii a ioA Corps cv«r fafcred to he brouf^t into a Town, if a Pafonsdica io the Country. Mountains, and foUtary Places far from Towns, are generally cho< I fen by die great Men to build their Sepulchres in ; and fome of theia lie faid to be little inferior to Palaces. If the Sepulchre is ereAed ia I Rain, they raife a vaft Heap of Earth over it, which they cany ilffloft to the Height of a Mountain. Every Chitu/t keeps in his Hoo^e a Table, whereon are written the Nuaes of his Father, Grand- Father, and Great-Grand-Father, be- Ifote which they lirequently bum lucenie, and proftrate themlelvesi liad when the Father of a Family dies, the Great-Grand-Pather ia lokea away, and the Deceafed added to make up the Number. rARtART ASIATIC. Situation and Extent, E. Lon* Ut. ^ Being 1 3000 Miles in Length 2000 Miles in Breadth. liia^iVj.] TJ O U N D E D by the Froten Ocean, on the North j J3 by the Patijic Ocean, on the Eaft ; by Chinas India ^ ir/«, and the C^jpimt Sea, South { and by Eur^pum RuJ/ia, on theWelt. Grand Divifionc. Korth-Eaa Divi fion — — — — South- Eaft Divi- lion ■ Subdivifions. Kamxmifi:* Tmrlan Braljki TMit and Mtngnl Chief Towns. fukutku Braljki Ptitm KuM. Grand .MUL-- 476 rARfARr ASIATIC. GmA Divifiou. Sobdivifioos. Chief Towns. North.WeftDivi.f^MMtfiii — — XiMmmgti/U fioo X Ojliadk South. Weft Dm. C Circa^Mi and jfJfrM- 1 I TtrU fioo — — 2 earn Tartar y \ \ Afirmtmt, {Siberia -— — Ka'mme and C^/r l. and are about planting Mulberry-Trees, in order nftt op a Silk MMo&Aure in the Country about AfiracM, firfm of the Taftars.l The Tartan^ as to Stature, are goieralU thick and uiort, having flat fquare Faces, little Eyes fet deep in their Hesds, little round fliort Nofes, and an Olive Complexion. Their Bards are fcarce vifible, as they continually thin them by pulling th« Hairs up by the Roots. They eat all Manner of Flelh but Hogs-Flefli, and delight moft in I Horfe-FIefli ; their Drink is Water or Mares- Milk, and (bmetimes Spirits : They are exceeding hofpitable, and take a Pleafure in en« I leniDiog Strangers. Siitria.] Moft of the Tartan of J/la inhabit the Countnr now called ' SUtria, and are fubje£t to Ry^m. That vaft Country o\ Sibtria^ the J 'vcient Scftbia, extends from the River Tobol to the Patijit Ocean, in $ in Cirtifffu, 'Ocean, iai| .JS/oMi and,! iles, th*' . , . ;«» Sea L > ^«lnch aie a Multitude of Hords, or Tribes, that have fubmitted to difchargedMirHdeXii^Aa Empire, particularly the Calmucis, who are as numerous Idividuigli'lvuyof them. There are fcarce any independent 7dr/«r Nations I JV«v«ZiaJib.H>tpKrent. Thofe of Tkibtt, and fome of the Mongul Tartars, on ry, runs NoitktIliK South- Eaft, are the only People almoft, that acknowledge no Su- Si lies furthctlpcnor. e fane (XmH jj^^ Tartary.] The U^ec Tartan, who were the richcft and moft CbiHt/iaH Ea.H^„l ^f ^if ^^^ 7-^^^^^ Nations, were fubdued by Ko„/i Kan, and Hitdc tributary to Perfia. This Country is fituate in a very happy cold, the ButkHCliBUite, and fruitful Soil, and carries on a very briflc Trade between - ' ^ Eaftem and Weftem Countries oiAfia. This was the Country of viAorious Tawct/cm, who fubdued moft of the Kin^^'loms of Aftm \ Ibme of his Defcendants were Sovereigns of tiiis Country very Samtrcand was the capital City in the Kcign of Tamtrlan$, at prefent Bochara is the Capita], which had a very flouriflung * till it was plundered by Ktuii Kan. es produce Animali ISables, wbic lo the Mo is of Ice ii" I Iron, Copp rorks are »« iantifaatirv] CiHaffia.'] The Tartan of Orcajfta, which lie upon the Coafts of ilack Sea, frequently out themfelves under the Protcdlion of ^■^«, as the Catmuiks do ; out it is a very precarinu« Dominion the Im/ have over a People that are perpetually rambling from Place "ace, and own themfclves SubjeAs 10 any Power that lies next u long as it is for their Convenience only. The Religion of moft of the Tartan is Paganifm t they worfttip ^e Planets, and a Variety of Images, in the North Part of the ^oontry. Thofe that lie nenr the Mahimetan Countries are ufually »/«•/, and there arc a great niany ChnHiant in QnaJJia, and the 47t TjiRTARr AStAtlC. Iht •dQieiait Coontriei. Tbt IVfMr kivt \bo Teniilet, but wortfiif in Ofovw, tad m die Tops oiilDiuiuias } and tbengli diejr havd aunjr nioairoat Imaget, um adwnrtcdn Me Supreme fieioff, ibe Creator of HoBTen and Eafdb The ^/m MUSooariet of ff^ftr boaft thtf have converted maiqr Thodandt of them, uA made An j good Memben of the Gtttk Cboreh. CmH»fiiit$.\ Among the Cmiofitiet of thit Coontrjr. we may reckoi I die Tombs Uut have ktdy been difcovered about Ttn^oi, in .v^idi were (bond Imaget of Gold and SUver, Ringt, a|ii| opcummoK Caa |{. BtMi/a, or Nutmeg Iflaiid*, (bi«e SoiKb of Cumm, hC' tveeii I S7 «ad v »8 1>^icet^ E. Lon. and bltvi^n 4 and*^ c S. Liat. cofflitebeMUDg (he Iflands of . ■ ■ * « ■ Luttr '— |6. The lilandi fiirrtfoiMUng Ae Mf/ntetj and A«im!c, which . lie in the Indimn Ocean, un-^ der or near the Equator, are Loa. ia6. S.Lat. 3-40. Ctidu or JMa- GiJt Oram FUrti ■ Thmr — — — MifitniiA^ ■ £mim>, E. Loa; i^N.Ltt. - 4-30. Mi^Foft Mar4|^ QiUt DlfttOMj 49o InSuH and Oriental ISLANDS; Divifions. 7. Suntla iflands» fituate in the Jntlian Ocean, between 93 and 1 20 Degrees E. Lon. and between 8 Degrees^ North, and 8 Degrees S. lat. comprehending the I/Iands of — — ^ — Sabdivifiou. 'Banu9t fituate' bettufeen 107 and. '117 Deg. £. Lon. aM between 7 Deg. N. and 4 Deg. S. Lat. between 93 and ^^; ,104 Deg. &. Lon. ana be- tween 5-30. N. Lat. and c 30. I . S.Lat. >^ mva, fituate een 103 and 113 Des. E. Lon. and between j; and 8 S. Lat. Ba/fyE.ofya. va L«mbot E. of Bmlly Bmca S. E. of Cliwf TowBS; Btnttt E. Ijonu III. N. Lat, Cmjti^t E.Loa. 114. S.Lat3^ Jci^ E. Loo. 93-30- N. Lat « 5-30. irfjKMfr»,E.Lon. 101. S.Lati. rtUaiiiam. BatavUf E.lotil 106. S.Lat. 6. 1 Bantam Mattrmtii Baifyi Boat, •a. Andamant E.L01I. 93. N. Lat.ii.| Nie^ar, E. LoB«| 93. N. Lat. 7.1 I CanuubttTt &c. { | Camcubar* Sumatra i. AndamoM Iflands, fituate inCJa.famam Pro- the Bay of Bettgal, in E.Lon. I per 93 Deg. ana between io< and 1 5 Deg. N. Lat. com- j £e widi whidi thejr '.bm» One of thetu diat wat di&atchcd w f«r Iflands, performed die VojraW lit nwr ])aM> " "" * of ftiipto, wUeh id It was at the iitde Ifland lE.L0n.7g .at. 8. », E. Lo«< [. Ut.7. taktitl- fiMMe Notdi of Gmui, that Lord Anfiu firft touched, after hit piffing ^ iVi/Sr Ocean, in hit Voyage round the Worlds where he fvmm gKtt-IUfidhteehti, tike Ifland (tho* aninhabited) abounding m Outkb TifM.] The 7«>«t Iflandt are fitoate abont ico Milet Eaft of dpi, in a moft defirable Clunoate^ and are Ueflea with a freidiil Soil, which {iiodocei the lame Sort of Grain and Praits .at Chimm. don. Then^ moft remarkable for die Plenty irf Gold Dnft dia^ it to be met with here, and theif J^^m Ctbioetf, or Lacquered .Wtre, and Skr'^ens. They tii;»ffic only widi the Chtatfi anidi the Jktthi all ep«r Chriftiana, but the D^ vettMl great Part of the Nation to Chriftianity ; but being chai*ged «^a Confpiracy to uiiirp the Govenunent, upon their preachii^ wf ne Ftope't Supremacy, they and their numerout Chriffiatt' Profit Ms were mafliicred, or banitfied the IiUnd>» and the Dmtek only jmred to trade thither, on their declaring they were no ChriftKint t Iff perhapt on the Ailerit of fupplanting, and aj&fting in expdling the twpmiMi for it is impoffible that the Jafnitft can be ignorant [dnstheDitfrifr profefi Chriftianity, at they tride vn China \ and we litdtheTiiffn^ule at much Caution in their Commerce with die [iWfi, at 0* they were really Chriftiant. At die Seftfim |he J[>«/c^ Fleet Is eiqpeCled, die Governor of JV«m I MiifM placet Ceitineli on the Hillt to give Notice of the Approach if any Shipt. When they appear, a Boat it Tent off to every Ship, Iwidi a Waiter or Officer, and at foon as the Slupt come to an An- an fixpieit it immediately difpatched to Cfourt, before whofe the UMith i^ay not dif|>ole of any Thing, h the mein Time the Particulars of every Ship's Cargo are taken,, die NiMne, Age, Stature, and Office of everv Man on Board, it traaflated and printed in die Jaftfu/t Language. When Expreii it returned, the Ship's Crew are pennitted to come on , and are all muftered before a Japuaji Commiilary; and , Perioi^ it called over aloud, and nMae to give an Account of Age* QS<^7* ^^ Office, to fee if it agrees widi the ParticuLtrs H h gtv« M' Vt^SkUtorae$Iup, UJfi MOfgllt OB "^ — ^ kdft a Ptrfon to fee ' ■or dare tke'i^itf^i^ <^aiy'^rqiv}fions ottBoiird, are Adt fuftred to u^e any Mfbhey fet ,. ^ theyaie fent enlopBA ^iW^kMH 4;inqiiiii|^ jpd^ Katvlwt feOed down ^ ^MBf d, w^t«v«r Af^Ship^j - d|f Governor, yf}fo ^mt^ ore, 3i^m^mi^tmi ^jW^: ^mfclves.'and ft^i6ar Days, either in'Z>^.'Aor in the City, as ^eyr I we fit; when thele {\% Min returii on Bo^dp fix othfnrs are aU(>we|( IDJiO on Shore, '^nd ttt^ in like Manner, ana fo bn. ' ' - - The Goods are genendlypnid ft»r In BiilUon, er pf tto or£ye QrowBlVhli«e, or iVnaller PiiMies by Weight; WiM ]im no Coin, except fome little ^eces of Copfier. ' "^ i ^ After fix Weeks free Trade, there is no further Commu|tica^| ftllowi^ of between the City of UtpiffiU^ atid idte i>«/ri& in the Vmtx MDifma, or with the Shilling ; whereupon the Fleet prepares i^j retorn, and the Faapry in tijnia are conSped to thifcir utile HM again , till the Seafoli 6f the Year for Traffic f etnnis. ' \ ^ Pbilippines.'] The FbrXpfine It^nAi lie in ^e CUmt/mi Ooearl (Part of the Padfic Ocean) 300 Miles 8onth-Eaft of CA»«|«, 6f»i>Mli| Manila, or Li'rewaf the Gliief, is 46Q Miles long, and 26b bM>aa; I The Inhabitants confift of, i. Chtktfe. 2. EiSipfnnu, y.'MAft^ 4. Spaniards, c. Por(ugue/e. 6 PtHfad^t^ or painted Peopl^. 7; Mtfttt'^ a Mixture of all thtfe. Ptrfwi ani HahitrS Their Perfons and Habits rfifimiUe thofe 1 tlif feyei-al Nations from whence they derive their Original, wliidi| hive been defcribed alrcaiv; only it Is obfervable that the Pean^J •f the Blacks of thefe Iflands, are as aereeable as thofe of theWMM lN»lde, Mamilat lying between the E£UM lAd Wcftem Condnjea^l Was once efteemed the oeft Situation in the World for Trade : Ifit(^ piHvcr w.^t. brought from Mtxin and Peru, as well as the Prodm pf farsM. DumOnds, and othtr riecioas Sfonti hem (kUM^ IT t:,. y:,. ..TTT,, . , ...,. .,• T Cinmunq 9^ Itenjanunandlvorvr hi^: $jitd:df^ '^jl^; 'm» •niCifmWvit fram ;7'^|^:lwo or three _ - wd other varfttOed Pcodvil and Fniftp of the PhiliMmiu y^iy .t|^ Jft^jttJm w llrxipf*. }o9ded with the ' Mth^JU^^t th»QiY> freiehted with ed>r Qwt, Ff<4t| : Nor is there a Soil » flBMtcr ^Untjr of liX Thiaf> necei&ry for lijfit, as »ppeari*lf the- lifidtitiub of lahmbttants th«t« are to be fimid ia the Woods aad Monatainsy aad are oaljr fuhfiftcd by the fnto of theEtft^ and the Vei^iibn they ttke. Nor can ai^ Coiuitsirin the World, appear more beauttfui ; there it tMfpetiiaiyjBrdmei Bods, Bloflbmt, andFreit, are Ibuad upon the Tna aU die Yeai^ roiw4> af well on the Mountains as in Gardent dttt are cnltivTted. Vaft QMnttties of Gold are waflwd down firon^ the Hills by the Isiati nA, fbnnd mixed with the Sand of their Rivers. There are dib Mines of other Metab, and excellent Load-ftonea' {bod here ;■ and focfa Kambers of wild Boiy oes, that a good Huntf. an on Horfeback, armed ivith a Spear, will IdU ten or twenty %xl I^Jin ; the Sfmup-A take them for their Skins, which diey fell to iit thimfii and their Careafles ierve the Mountuneers for Food.' Their Woods alio abound with Deer, wild Hogs and Goats ; the I^ft k plentiful inmie of tKefe Sltads, that the SftuHartb gave it the ■e ofCalrat. They have alfii imported from AVw Spmiii, Cbhu^^ Ji^i HbHes and'Gows, whidh' are confiderabty mnltipliedY ne Sheep they hrottght over cameto nothing. Their Trees) prodoce a grear Vatiety oTGamt^t the Year ; on« ' ', which is the commoneft, by the Spamandt criled 8nmt isr tnAead of Pitch ; of the qthers, fome aie^ madidinl, others ins. h diefe Iflands ase-Monldes and'Baboons of amonftrotts Bigneft,' 'iwill defiond themfelves when attteked by Men. When they cai|» ' no Pmit.iB. the Mountains, they go down to the Sea to catch' and'Oyfters; and that tlie Oyftcr may not doie and catdV rPawt, tMy firft^utin a Stone to prevent its fliutting dofe : They ! Crabs by potting'their Tails in the Holes where they lie, and when ! Crabs lays holdof- it, they draw him out. There are alfo great . thofe ofVnber of Civet Cats in this Ifland. 1, whi(il''^BirdcaUed.9^MNW, is a black Sea Fowl, fomething left than pe2N^t|Hn>> and has a lon^ Keck ; it lays its Eggs in the Sand by tlM^ KeWMttV^^c* forty or fifty m a Trench, and then covers tliem, and the/ .g^n^fll hatched by the Heat of the Sand. • IfitBal^ have al& the Bird Saligm, which builds her Ncft on the Sidet 'p^^j^Rodcs, as the Swallows do againft aWall ; and thefe are thedeli- Gs^mAv** Bird-Nefts fo modi efteemed, being a Kind of Jelly that da^lvea ;inW»Si«»Wat€f. ^ Hh 1 Tk# laidsi r dilu>| totlpi raie4' ihey lot th^ydct i fen¥t ^ r, as thef 1 ; allcnfm j|dcadn| lelfliwll sareii^l leUMl InMan and Qrlmf^ U LANDS. %»K%e Sfamartb hav* introdiKcd frrcnl of ^ Amtrkm Fnuu, tAI0k dirire htttaa well as in AmrkMi dM Cocob orCIracobite Not MUJwnilarl^t Whidx increafei ibidutt^Mjrknre no Oecafioa to inpoit There 19 alfbthc Twi.Ai ^ ig iiti c n cjthe'Httffyt dr««? Water; and there is alfo a KiindS^ni, ly^ SfmiUhlSf ^ti Fix^ wnlvh, f whk| there is Plenty lu cfe^ Mountains, where Water U liimr'ivaiilcd. Thefe Iflands being hot and moift, produce ^^BpAlmcg.d^rc Creatures, as the Soil does poifonous Herbs «||flH|ifimiJ'#]i_,_ not only kill thofe that touch or tafte them, bu f wiprc ft the Att^ i^ many People die in the Time of their Bloffoming, The Orange, Lemon, and fevend other. Trees bear twice a Year j if they plant a Sprig, within a Year it becomes 4 Tree; an^ btjtrs Fruit; and therefore, without any Hyperb(rfe, ^^r? our Author, I i may affirm that I never faw fuch a verdant Soil, nOr Woods foil of j Itich old and thick Trees, nor Trees that yield more Suftenance to 1 Man, in apy Part of the World. However, thefe Iflands itrfeiotj without their Inconveniencies, they are fubjefl to Earthquakes ; and, j in September 1627, there was fuch a terrible one at J)£nrf/A thath levelled one of the Mountains called C«ra;ai7«V r and, in me Year 1 164^, a third Part of the City ofMatiila was overthrown, andnol Icfs than three thoufand People perifhed in the Ruins. Another} Earthquake, not much lefs dreadful, happened alfo the Year fbltow.] ing. Miiuf«>n».} MinJanatf the lareeft of thefe Iflands except M^mjA is almoft the only one that is not ^bje£k to Spain, It is near zooMiktJ fong, and 150 broad, inhabited by very different People ; thofs die Inland Country are fuppofed to be the antient Pag«m Inhabit) whom the Mabmetans, that poflefs the Coafts, have driven op the Mountains. U AirJ\ The Air of Mindttiuu is not exceflive hot, 'tis Add, tbd'il Ii^< within 6 Degrees of the Equator, being refreflied by the Breeze on every Side in the Day-time. As to their Perions, they •f a pretty dark Olive, or Tawny ; the Stature moderate ; tl Features refembling the Ma/ayt, and like them they' bfack Teeth, and their fine long Nails diftinguifli a Gendem^ firom aP( fant : They wear a Kind of Linnen Frock and Drawers, when t* are drefled, but generally go almoft naked ; they de a Cloth rpi their^Heads, which has fome Refemblance of a Torbant, but mi lefs. The Drefs of the Women is not much unlike the Mens, only wear a little fliort Petticoat. The Middle of the Country is woOdy and mountainous i but tween the Hills are rich Vallies, and near the Sea-Coaft it is rally a plain Country, and produces Rice and fuch Fruits as oit,.-_ „ — ^row between the Tropics. They have alfo die LiSfy or Sag»-frJ^^ of thofe Iflands of the Pith whereof they make Bread, and a great deal is.exportt^T"'^^ \ o*" Clove Ifl beipg firll dried and grained lijce Seed. The Plantain Fniit ii^mJl"' > •!''* ^*y « dtevnale their aRdNatmeg-tre aoteaualtowha ince We redoo cn'kbe oaacqnii but if thei ajrtave not SklK ma to traffic wii tfceir Rfvnlets. the Midland C I threat many pert) imttaiif ia the mo fSHImdoMao^ whicl Kver two Miles fn at built on Pillars I I irkich covers theflj (Sdtan's Palace ftanc [lUoIate ia has Doi llttd Forces. THESE Iflan PtrtHgue/t Ge m the. Wars | Iw ^tfutrfue, Malacca to the C confiderablr Share Ae Government Advance of a 'i in Difguft, ^t of Germattff aat IVobabilityof difcc '». by die Weft: t given him, he ^ ftanding over u •r«ge to Ae South "1 a Strait (fince a Ae Paet^ Qceai ^ repafled die E« OcMn. dll he arr fls, on die 6th < as I have been d 'toeofdieKingof ever lailed o round hMoH and Omufd/ISLANDS. 491 Ibnt Mteqittl towhatgrMTiiia fil*ME^|liilibir tli*Z>«^r^#«aId lonff |0ce We fedoced^^iiitfer theiP^, ift>irell u the other. The/ on*! be unaffqaaio'tidrimh the Prodoce of the Ifland, for hidier they cMM fiWt>^ T^llilp^ Sro^"g "lO'*^ plentifully in this Ildand than "^ Pa^ or iiuteil t'p. is faid there are Gold Mines in the Moun< but if thtt« |Nr/the People that inhabit that Part of the Coon^ OyHsve not Skinrehoueh to work them, for the Gold they bring jown to traffic with is afl Dnft, which they get out of the Sands or titfir Rrvalett. The Midland Countries, as well as the Coads, arc^divided amongft i threat many petty Princes. The Sultan of Mimianaoy wh6 is zMa^ I yntMy is the mofl powerful amongft them ; he reiides at the City ^Mindamao, which ifamds on the South Side of the Ifland on a fmall River two Miles from the Sea. The Houfes here, like thofe ofSiam^ at built on Pillars 1 4 or 1 5 Feet high, to fecure them againft the Flood^ nriiich covers the flat Countries five or fix Months of the Year. The ISilian's Palace ftands upon near two hundred of fuch Pillars. He is [ibfolate iu his Dominions, and has fome Ships of War as well at. [laid Forces. THESE Iflands were difcovered by Ferdinand Magellan, a Ptrtuguefi Gentleman, who had ferved his native Country, in the- Wars of Afnta and in the Eaft-Indies ; particularly r AVfofiurque, the famouis Portuguef* General, who reduced Gmb 1 Malacca to the Obedience of that Ciown. Magellan having had fconfiderabl? Share in thofe Actions, and finding himfelf neglefled If die Government of Portugal, and even denied, ?s 'tis faid, the ill Advance <^f a Ducat a Month in his Pay, left the Court of i»gd in Difguft, and offered his Service to Charles V. then Em- or of Germatn, and King of Spain, to whom he (hewed there was Ihobability of difcovering a Way to the Spice Iflands in the Ea/f* V£«, by the Weft : Whereupon the Command of five fmall Ships nag given him, he fet Sail from Sevil on the loth of /fugiifi 1919; ■d, Ending over to the Coatt of Seutb America, continued his jfbjfage to £e Southward to 92 Degrees, where he formerly hit 1 a Stnut (fince called the Strait of Magellan) which carriea him die Paei/c Ocean, or South Sea; and then, fleering North- . I, repafTed the Equator ; after which he failed Weft over that t Ocean, till he "amved at Guam, one of the Laftdronc, or Marian ads, on the 6th of March 15 20-1, and foon after came to the nds I have been defcribing, which he took PofTeffion of in the DC of the King of Spain, but happened to be killed in a Skirmifh ioae of thofe Iflands ; however his People afterv/ards arrived at ^le fca*s, or Clove Iflands, where they left a Colony, and returned I Sptin by the Way of the Cape of Good Hope, being the firfl Men ever (ailed round the Globe ; but there was no Attempt miide ^.% ,' 'W ^6 Indiefi and Orimf^ 1st A^1}i. eJk« Sfanimrdi to ftibdne <» riift the P^«h«' from ite% gil » Forcr,|a^ffnt to make • Conqueft 6f fhcfr lfln|it| 1111 Wi Piwrij iA» i%%(MV, Ja Ho- nour of Pbilipll. (Son of C^pY.) who in» tlicn «Mn tl|eTl>roM 4jf SfMHt and |he^ have ever fince been fo^eft tfihthat uMvf . Thdr Vieeroy reftdes at Mur/Ai, and lives in the State tfASqfvtfeigBfria«Cj| a thejrliave forti&M io lilce ;>y«ixoer. Orrai alil^ which coven the ^Tutineg-Iilands, tfiiey have ie£i red by thek Fotdficationsy and will fink any Ship* thatauempt .o uaffic in thoft BthM."] Stmetf the larajeft lihmd in th^ World, is fitnate ander' ^fi^tor having Hit PUliffimu on die North, Mataffpr on the Eaft, Jam ftt the South, and Sumatra on the WeA, and it 800 Miles' long» m4 706 bhiad. The flat Cbantry near the Coaft, it overflowed moft fut of die Year, which makes die Air very unhealthfal; and thejr Ukd^ Towns Qpbn Floats in diehiliddle of dieir Rivers, pardcow kAf at Bat^ar-Miffn in the South Eaft Part of die Iflftnd, which h die greaieft Port and Town of TraMc in the Aland, and which Ktii^anis .from every Country villt asnrach as anyTown in |m|i^ BdUet Rice, Cotton* Canes, Pepper, and the Tropical Froits, they meet wth Diamonds of a lar|% Sine and txr^-kru Water here. The moll tegurkable Animal the Ifland produces i& the Ortm Ottam, a Monkey i »\iji as a Man, which i^me of oar Captains have attempted to bring •Mr; but being bred in fb hot a Climate, He dies as foon as he comes i^ cod Weather. • The Coaft of this Ifland h g svsmed by the Mobmetan Princes, dlip Gkief of which is the Sultan o» CaptngUt who refides at a City of that ^fanie not Ar from Bat^»r Majitm. There arc other Nations o'f P||^ very diffitrent from Jiofe who inhabit the inland Part of theCotuiOy, ud have very litde Correfpondencc with the Mahometans or Fore^|nen. Thefe Pe<^ ikoot poi^ned Daru at their Hnemies, as the Nadvcs ti \CMtsiio. . Smufra.'} The Ifland, 6f Sumtttra, which has Malteot on dif I North, Btrm on the Eaft, and^iftf^ on the South Eaft, £rom whick I fc it divided by theStraiu of Strndoi is divided into two equal Paiii I Vf the Equator, ottendiiig 5 Degrees, and ttjpwwds, Ntfrtk Wci^ df t«"» «^ ^M MiM and Ortmtsl IS LANDS. ^Hiitf tnd 5 «> dieSooth Eaft, and m a tltooAad llikt loi^ ni im tiimt Tki* » fnppofed to be the Qfiir of the ABdeats, kdaf rwh iaPQ<>M{ bnl wbac ilw EaHftmu nMc with them chtcfljr fiw ii dMv pepper tlBih the iV«|l(/l^ awlAMr^ Uve (event Cbloaiee and Settle. meats here; the chiet oC th^A|tot|iSettleiMnt» are thole of jMrtJb, aad Fort MarlM on the WeftCoaft, from whence the. 1^1 fnfa Company import more Pepper than from any other Conntiy % hAu There are alfo great Qoandties of the beft Waadag^Sanii Ibnumi fkrni thence. The Nauve are of a rery fwaftly CMliM%hK liot black. The Co*ft« are poflefled by iUbmttSfAoxx»t of mm the King of Jcben, at the North End of the IflaiH^ii the moft con. fiderable. The inland Country is in thePofleflion of ieveral |^ga Princes, who have but little Q>rrefpondence with Fordgners. Tkdr Animals, Corn, and Fruits, are generally the fame as in the adjacent IfJands. Java-I The Ifland of Java is fituate South of Btrtuit being 700 Miles lonff, and 200 broad; a mountainous and woody Conatiy in the Mii^le, but a flat Coaft, and a great many Bogs and Monftt in it, which render the Air unhealthful. It produces Pepp<[r, Sunr, v^ TobKco, Bice, Coffee. Cocoa-nuu, Plantains, and other Tropcil fruits. The prefent Inhabitants are a Mixture of many IiuRom Nations, whom the Daub have brought from the feveral Iflands in thefe Seas, wUdk 4heir Hieh and Mighty Sutes have pofl^efled themfelvcs of; or fad at have fled hither from Cbinat rather than fubmit ,to the Tartar Priaco, | which now reign in that Kingdom. The Dmtcb are abfolate Matters of the greateft Part of the Vtad, Carticularly of the North Coaft, though there are ftill fomePriica eyond the Mountains on the South Coaft, which maintain thdrli> dependency. Batavia is the Capital of all die Datcb Dominions in Imua, a exceeding fine Town and Port, well fortified and defended bv s Caftle and a ftrone Garrifon ; they have fifteen or twenty thovuad Forces intheIAan tions they have enflaved; and they have a Fleet of between twfBtjfl and tliirty Men of War, with which they give Law to everyPowtrl on the Coaft of jtfia and A/ricat and to all Eurtp*am Powers tkl vifit the /W/M Ocean, having expelled Utit Enilijh and every oiImi| ^ Nation from the beft Brancnes of the ItuHaa Traffic, and partica*! W larly from the Spice Iflands. It was but a little before the Revdls'| tion they expelled us ftom our SettlemenU at Bantam, but no Naootl hat been dealt more cruelly with than the Cbiwt/e, who fled thirtkcrl forRefugt; there are a hundered thoufand of thcfe People in tbel Jfland, and about thirty thoufand of them refided in the City of i*\ tavia, where they had a particular Quarter afligned them, and gfcwj very rich by Tratfic In the Year 1740, the Dmttb, pretending dRl Ctinrfi wfi-e in a Plot asainft them, fent a Body of Troops Ibis| ihrir Qrarter, and demanded their Arms, which the Chim/t readiln ^delivered m^i and d>c next Day theOover&gf fent another Body ofl Troopil 1 itifitit li^_ idatniA adScttW- iejt Ma fhhAu era. theidjtceBt , bdng 700 dy Conmty utdMonflet Kcr Troj^ fttioni,wlwD B Seas, wUdk f; or fech II I arttr Priaco, ! of th«Iflad.1 fomePriKci [tain thdrlt* A *i ;'*. lj:< M0« and OrMXtaf t S L A NDS. •j^oefM amongft then, and mudaed tad mtfllcred ««eiy om i CbimAt Men, WomeB, and CMldrM: Stime rcjate there ivere I , ^konftod, othen thirqr fhe«&a0» tttlt won put to ||[^ witkoit yy Manner of TrydTj and fil twMrbaroas Governor, who w«a the Inftroment of due oniel Proceediiajk^ bud the Afliirance to embark « v hiM^f^f imanaiai; |e had amafled Wealth enough to fecare him- tffaglin^ aay PioMition in HclUmJ; bot the Z>«/r^, finding ihem- IllfCtdeidhidaad driiorred by all Mankind for this Piece of Tyranny, ^adeavooffd 10 throw the Odium of it on the Governor, though ha |ldi:theHaBdi of all the Council of iataviot except one, to the Older for the Malftcre. The States therefore difpatched a Packet to the Cape of G«od H^tt conaining Orflers to apprehend the Governor of Battvim, if he came to Emrtft that Way, and fend him back to tsiavim to be tried t and he was apprehended at the Cape, but hat , never been heard of finte : It it fappofed he was thrown over Board in his Paflfage to Batavia, that there might be no further Enquiries into tke Matter : And, 'tis laid, all the Wealth this merciful Gentlemnu had amafled, and fent over before him in four Ships, were caft away in the Paflkge. ^ Andaman and Nicobar IJlet."] The MdMrnam and Nicoiar Iflandf, which lie near the Coaft of A^^cca, at the Entrance of the Bay of ^" Bnfallt afford no Merchandize bu: Provifions, befules the Tropical Fniits with which they fupply the Shi^^ping which touches there. The (rft Adventurers reprefented the Natives as barbarous Cannibals, but they appear to be a harmlefs inoffenftve People, and fo far from eating homan Flefli, that they fcarce cat any Flelh at all. Maldiva'/.] The Maldiva lilands confid of nuroberleft litde Rocks, juft above the Water, lying between the Equator and Cape Cmtrint in the. Hither India, and afford little more than Rice, tke Tiopical Fruiti, andFiffi; befides the little Shells called Cowrys or llacxmoors Teeth, which ferve inftead of (mall CaQi in mod of the ItAmt Nations. Cgr/oM.] The Ifland of Ctylon is fituate in the Indian Ocean, near Cape Ccmcriti, the Southern Prnmcntary of the Hither hdia, from which it is feparatcd by a very narrow Strait, being 35a Miles long, and 100 broad. It has a mountanious woody Country in the Middle, but has a very flat Coaft well planted with Groves of Cinnamon -Trees and Cocoa's, and no Country abounds more with Elephants. The Datik have fubdued all the Coafls, and fliut up the Kir^ in his capital City of Ondjt, which Hands upon a Mountain in the Middle or the Iflaad, neither theKine nor his SubiefU being permitted to traffic, or enter* uin any Corre^ndcnce with other Nations. The Capiul of the Dutch Settlements is the Port of Colnmio, fituate OB the South Wefl Coafl of the Ifland. The Defcendants of the ancient Inhabitants, of whom the Bulk ef the People ftill confill. are called Cin^la£ii\ there are alfo ■* reat Numbers of Mttrtt Malabartf Ptrtvgttfje, and Duttbt upon the Tk» *», ^>^ 4 '£%*^ bM ciiiliioii •• any o<^i?5eVoorii IN 111^ rieir a&ttl«| litt&ls little « vMtti «ifait k^f >r laviii:g ajiy Colupiftfvi w^ (N Kid*^ Thii Tw^ ■ iiw ii diiii tei^iac, hi#iimB«rlii,,liiittw*aUFtaple«gitsia; aa| ChMiMir MotftKeTraMtliktarevtryyaiiiifc Iwr HiokHmm Tht may 6t iXit Tree oilier ^e Bark h tniMlf w^ tel rftft AeM krt Btfirdinig^ and all M|»iier of tSSn, tat iai Mt ikk iOithtu Tafte or SihtifwEich tbe Bark has. There am Oteiaioi Trees alfo apoa the Makiar COaft« whoft Bark haa th«\Colov, and femfdiiiig of the Tafte eif the OfUit OtMUusm, aad is aot c4^ difingutihed firahn it 1^ die ^gh^; ite^iltteh Rcalbii, >& lUdf, the Ihatk deftrojr i^ iMcli sis t% catt 6r it, beeaaih odtt Nalibns ttied to mix then, afld^Kadi«f fdgethetf as.ihe thMCi» iUutaon. ft is not jet a handled Years finoe thelKtfri atdodwdittd ^ Tnufe to themiclm,aad ejtehided the lilft of the WoiH fibfti dm charming Hhnd. It is a volgar Einmv that Cinnamon, Notiiie|s, Maetf, and Q^imL ew all nptfa one Tree, or in one CouBtrv, 4tnd the JiUi has fit tt c wiiim e d feopRe it this Error, as to make Ndtmegi oC die Growtbof C«fkit\ whereai Nutmegs only grow in the BmMt Uaiidi, Clom ia ^ '^liMM nhtlds arid Amitfitat and the Cinnamon only in G9&*< Hi '£$^Btmim uAAKUnynm lie above two thoofimd Miles to M I Eaftwardofthislfland. The Stiitf imi t Armiimut and Egyftitau traded hidMr before StkimS Thile. The Pmupuft drere oat tM St&ht^ ke. and fortiM die Towns a^ •i dMft Obhfl, moribpolixing th^ Trade, jtmn 1 5 ao. 'DmDiitei were called in by the Natives in die Year 1656, t( Mhid dftm agamft tht P$rtiMu/0i end they fubdised bodi diefr- Mp^ and die Natives excltuung all odfer Nadoniffom dMTinJk «l AFRICA.] iMit «li tldiTiMb Min; aail UthtlNl oftuatiii w^nl n MC ikk louife odtt Im itMQki fdittd dik Ifraikdui tGrowihflf CloHiii 096*4 Hi ilci to tk 1656, t^ J thefr- -*j.„ J«/Ci I# »» «- vc^: j >'««i.- -w* I*~" 'V ■ --WVi'-'^"" ' 'C-..^^'" "WW. .rim- t]># i"^ '"^ffh: \JTl ^4 TuMt svj. i T Ii A !i T I C »ySot53n!mf Aa: rrsr- itir^ r*r»T i*>f4 ■y' Jirr^i fl/Miafiir "*»♦' T v] M Cm^^vrh'.Jultimlnt. .^Tii'« ^Jt\<^ ?^>-^ ^5^ •ju»^^* P c b/aT'°^ W«fA ^v^/y/ J / iy/K)iXufV t!i^/i^m.^aiui»j ^■^ ^iii^mu^&iiMmmimmmmM »^ mjmmum ^,^ -►.••^ ■»^ . *"- JSJi 'W*r £ 6 . Tin 4- T I. A fr T I c ^^Uikm p& EbiSlltiO'' V^"jt A fiti tJ ii % PcritofiAl |a|M «> i^ bjr the IfitMi oT Sim Ea^Loivifde; and N«l^iyilie]ftb.lM Stil^ iti Xinw* ani the /«Am Ontan, Ob ite Eift; ^ ib« Oioa«» «»jke«oMi i M bf Ae diUmiieOctm, ok the Wcftt o Mfl«rM% and 4ioo bioid»aad u divided into the fbl* igdooM aiMStiMu Subuiviuoniit fBGYf T *- EalDivi. to«cMauiiiog} Chiifto^nai. 'Grand Cairo Akxanoria AMftAHARJAM NVBIA n» ABYSSINA or the UPPER ETHI. OPIA, conprcheod- ioe, NUBIA --- The Coaft of ABEX L aadANIAN — J ZANGUEBAR, and SOFALA fTERRA DE NAO TAL, and CAF- FRARIA, or the htttnttt Country, ( fiirromdiagtheCape I oS GmdHif$ •— J of CmJIrm fMONOM OTOPAl f Moo a it —. {MONOMUOI — J {Meranco. Eaft Divl. fan, containing 1 |)ivifi^n "K .AbEA. , (Melinda SOPALA. TNatal CapbTowh* c V I WeftDivi. I ioOfOontainiag' fM^TAMAN. BBNGUELA. ANGOLA ^ C6NGO LOANOO - BENIN — G&INBA ^ 'No Towns Bengvbla; LOANOO St.Salvaoo* »-^ LOAMQO I Benin I Can Coast- I Caitli (,James FoRTf 7 (Sanhaoa ^NEGROLAND ZAARA rdkmDiviiion BILBDULGERID -^ H Dara MOROCCO i iFiT. f ALGIERS — — 1 TALoitRa Divliioa, 1 TUNIS — i Tvnis ^^r^Coaft 1 TRIPOLI r TairoLi iBARCA J(Docra. \T%» MUkDe of JffHem, fennerly called the Lower StbhfiM, w ntf kdekaown. « The ^fMoM Iflandf will be dttcflbtd alter the ContiiicBt. -frii .:•;', ■1»- . ( 49f )/ SiHu^i^ and Exteai. 'E. Lon. j and ^N.Lat. Being 600 Milet in htogitu 1 50 Miles in Bread||«^. BeunJaritt.l T\ OUNDED by the Afj^/, as far at die Flood extends, kn been formed by the Mod which theAjt/f carries with it; and [ioDo^r \5<6a«u's Opinion, the Land of Lower Egy^t therefore is ihch higher than it was originally, (bmething bentg added to it every Yar; hat if it be confidered that fach Torrentf ibmetimes cany any as moch, or more Earth than they bring, pOffibly the Qroond' may not be moch higher than what it was at fiift ; however, all agree* t&at the Flood renders the I«and exceeding fruitfal. As fpon as the Waters retire, the Huibandman has liitle more to do than to harrow tcb Qten and other Seeds into the Mud, and pomtAxatt is oUiged to teila- per the Mud with Sand, to prevent the Com being too rank ; and la a Month or two, die Fields are covered with all Manner of Grain, Peafe, Beans, and other Palfc; and where it is not ibwn, their GraizingoGround becomes rich Paflure. \n03ohtr and Nrvnm- iIe live Part of dk year on Cacqml;»en, and find no Manner of InoonvemeiKe froik dw, XiBd of Food. The principal Towns in Egjtpt arc, 1. GramdCmrst one of die laq;eft Cities in the World, (aid |9lBi. tain more than two Millions of People. It is defended b^ k Gmt of great Antiquity, the Works wherm are three Miles in Circnmli»cnc& w which there is a Well 3O0 Feet deep, called ^9/t/h*$ Well, bdij ^Inioft the only Well in the Kingdom. 2. Akxwui'iM, once the Metropolis, and ftill a confiderable ^Port, is fttnaie on tine Ooaft of the Levant, forty Miles Weft of the mot weAerly Branch of the NiU, 1 20 Miles N. Weft of Cain, Oppo&s to the City lies the lAand of Phantt on wbich was ereded a Tower, or•Ligh^hoafe, far the Direction of Mariners, eileemed one of Ae Wonders of the World; from whence fach Towers hive obtain^ tb« N4mt,of Pharos, alaoft every where ; particularly that of Me^ a Sid^ At Akxtmdria is that ^and Obeliik called Ptmpi/i PilUv, aid Ck^aurdt Needle^ being one Scone of Granate Marble, 70 Feet higli, and a$ round, having a carved Capital and Bale, adbnted with Hieio> glypics. ThiiCity wap b«iU by i^x^w^, and is defended by numeran l^qVKcrs, Hinder- which wereCiflcm«> or B«fetvoirs of Water, bro^ by Aqnedtt^s from the River lUki ^omf whereof are ftill eatue. i^fter the i>eftr«^B(^oif Tjrt ^xACarthage, this City had the greatel FOfcien Trade, of any Port iivthe known World; the Spioes and rid Mercntgi^dilze of the Eaft, being brought hither by the Way (^ Ariiik and the RtdSioL, t. ktftm n a Port Town, fitoate on the Weftera Branch of dis JV ^aft of JUxa»^ia. 4. tffumttta, pt Pelufium, n iitipate on the Eaft Branch of the liik, 4, Miles S. of i!tkeLfvant. 5. Bulae is fituate on the Nile, 2 Miles W. of Cain, ami thePbitj Town to it. 6'. %W, or. Tbehet, is fituate oa the Weft Bank of the Nile, aool ly^iles S. of Cairo, 7. Cojpr, aPorfiTown, fituate on theWeftCoaft of UtitRed^ 300 Miles S. of Sutz. AnimeUt.] Their Animals, befides Horfes, Oxen, Sheep, audi Camels, common to the adjacent Countries, will be defcribed among their Curiofities ; only it may be obferved here, that they have an ex*i traordinary Breed of AfTes, which will perform a Journey very wdl«l and the Chriftians, it feems, are not fuiTered to ride upon any other I Bcaft. A Traveller hires the Owner of the Beaft (or his Servant) as wril as the Afs, who trots after the Beaft. and pricks him along widi s luMlofGoad. *^ • L Tr^M FnAi. Waiei. Chtt^ of dM Ciffieof ble.Pott, the mot OppoliiB a Tower, me of die tained the Pillar, nd Feetlu(^ irithHieio* &ch of the thciV^I ikeFwil NiUf xo»| MJ^a/i>e^ fheep, a«A' ed among jave an ex- very weu.) any ouict{ servant) »\ ^ongwithi] frafc I ii X p r. Mir.l Tl« Tmrbjf CbpMBV l»ve • CoaAil « C«rr9 for Ae fi^ jaioiar their Trafic, wM& bMn ^PmAaA of thrfr GMHil ^ chieA*' id tte Ctfikik AtiltiMBtf»,4^m, Pr«gn nid otlin ilHduuK'^s Itfoaght ik«*il^#Mi and ili|J%mQotetr{M, wUdi ^ci^port tt> ir«i^. ^ Mlffl ^««C9 *« Oi/MK" Ewperon have bad the Don^imm CuiMom, they have a^lwaya goiveafury. lmctt\ The Bafla of Grand Cairo, the Grand Signior's Viceioy^ 1^1 1 good PavKi of Janizaries and other Kofces under his Command* t nclerve the dependence of the Egj*t(aM ^ri^ces on the Port ; hot irolicy in creating Divifions among thofe Princes contrihniet moro tdie Ettabliflunent of his Power tlun his Army ; and notwithltMid- i| W^e Tarki^ Arts, thoib 'Princes^^fbmetimes depofe the Baila, an<* l^fkl'tlie Grand Signior to fend them another Governor more accept^ raeto thrip. As to foreign Enemies^ the Egyptians have noije at pxer |i( hat they are freguently engaged in Civil Wars among tkcm|[elvei^ fi&Ctmtpfl with the ricri/J/JtBaflk's. fyfinf atulMi^tt^] As Egypt is inhabited, by feveral different Pco< , dietr ^tatore, Complexioh, and Habits are different. The Tmrh [jkait arc. pejther alike in their Stature, Con^plexion, Habits, ov }ftf of Life. The Turks are tall, fair, perronable Men, and doathed |i||firri«y. The 4i'«i* are a fwarthy, fmaU-limed People, and live iTctits all over the Country, pitched in a circular Form, which Kind 'Village they ca^ a Deuri they lie upon Mats, and the Blankets cy wrap about them in the Day- time, icrve for a Covering in the • bijht. Both 7«r^ and Jrais rife very early, conftantJy artendiog pnhlic Devotioitf at Break of Day, again at Noon, at Sanfet, at Setting qf the Watch when it begins to be dark. The Hum Women that are not expofed to the Sun have fine Com« Ds as well as Feature!*} of which Sort no doubt CUufatra wat, ) captivated two Emperors. As to the Moors and common People, are Natives of the Country, they are almoft as fwa;thy as th«- h in ^s hpt Climate. [G|^«.] From this Country comes that Vagrant Race called there are a Multitude of Gypfies, or pretended Gypfies, in evdry Kingdom of Europe and jlfia. They were origi- fj called Zingamui by the Turks, from their Captain Zinganeus, s, when Sultan Selimus made a Conqueft of Egypt about the Year It?, refiifed to fubmil to the Turkifi Yoke, and reured into the Deiarti* /» ' -0 ^Inurik, wkeie fikey Kvtfd 1^ Rapine and Plunder, end fM|nea^ ftps dowiji itt^ the PUina of Mijft, comwttiiig gmiOoiMigci i Hk Towns oDii^ the Nik, ender the ]>onunh» of the fanb. Bet be ing at lenj^ fiitidaid,,4uul banilhed £ij^ thejri^eed to iUfuk themfelve* in feall Paitlet. into every Conntrjr in ^ knot's WatU. and as they were Natives of Egjtfit a Coontiy where the oecoltSd.' •noei, or black Art, as 'twas called, was foppofed to Imre arrival to freat PerfeAion, and which, in that credaloas Age, wa« in giae ogue with People of all Religions and Periliafions, they tomit dn ftapk vrfaere-ever they canie,>very eafily impoied on. Divtr/icHs.'] Juglers, Fortone -Tellers, and Ballad-Singers, an found in the Streets of Cmrh, as well as other Cities; but v^ leemf to be peculiar to than, is, their Dancing Cammels, which iie taught to Dance by being fet upon a heated Floor : This giving then n great deal of Pain, they lift up their Legs as if they were daactiig,! Pdlbw beating on a Drum at the fame lime; whenever the Aniialj hears a Drum, therefore he falls a Dancing. Their Fortnne-Tcikn breed up Birds, which are taught to rarry little Scrolls of Pua from their Mailers to People who come to enquire what Luck theyfti have, in which is found his good or bad Fortune written, 4> wkiA great Faith is given. Cttriefities.} The Curiofities of Egjptt befides thofe already tioncd, are the HippafotamUf or River- Horfe ; it is larger than «| OXi the hinder Pait much like One, and its Head like aHoritf having thick large Feet with Claws, and a Tail like an Elephut; It is an amphibious Animal, comes out of the River, and feeds > Grais in the Meadows: There are but few of them, and feen of late Years in Egypt ; but, as I remember,- Capt. Rogtrs he faw fome of the ^e Species of Animals in Ttrrm dt Natal, South Eaft Part of >!^/V«, and others have been feen at the Cape CoeJ Hop$, ' The CrocoJile, I take to be a Species of Allegators, which arei moo in the Mouths of Rivers of moft warm Countries; this too an amphibious Anim^ of great Length, fome of them tweot Feet long, of the Shape of a Lizard, with four (hort Feet, or Clawij his Back is cloathed with a Kind of impenetrable Scales like I mour ; they wait for their Prey in the Sedge, and other Cover, the Sides of Rivers, and, pretty much refembling the old Troak a Tree, fometimes furprizs the unwary Traveller, jumping upon and fwallowing him Whole, as it is faid ; but few of them are that large Size. It is an ovarious Animal, and lavs a vatt Number Jwvas well ttipt, asw aiMlibbetv> At«iaH« diced jn th( S^ by th. t&u the Floe ^ was Arm Several Soji pitrtuned, hac particularly ch Math; fo tha itvouldfaJl di little Serpent, TheHatchiii Ma Fable: ^ Orens being CO 4eHen*8Warr The pyramid! •the Weft Si, JK« of Antiqi "fc of the iarj W Feet high n •ttTared obliqut ■V reconcile tl ;h Dr.^tai, idea, that »"« i« a Roon ^iiich ia a M ^ a Coffin, itcd. There are feve K or. when, ( Toe Mummy . ' fabterraneous mg large fqv oiny their h ua es Eggs, which are frequently deflroyed by other Anunals, or AeCosJ^^^ped Co try would fwarm with them. The Ancients have entertained us -'* ' oDJun* air Relatipns of fome other Animals, which probably never had a as the little Bird Trcchi/iuj, which is faid to live on the Meat he out of the Crocodile's Teeth ; and the Rat Icimtumom, which, thi^ us, will jump into the Crocodile's Mouth, and eat a Way out through hit Belly. The Camliottt a little Animal, fomething rcfembling a Sphinx alf( w only the H 1- Some ihinli ^t there nev( Sphinx has I need not , ^ Labyrinth, Ted out of a M • thoufand Ho k G r p f. 49* Aitchan^ CoUhv at you AhmI to look opon Mm, a]fi> is knaA iKie as well as aa odMrConainer. The OftrUh is an Idiabitant df ii^* *> ^*eU as of tlie Dcfiuts oiJ/HeMi dw lar|a(kFo«rl known* mdhhtMTy tku he cant fly. but rans by the Help egrce df 1 the Hen*s Warmth. lYie Pyramids, which ftand near the Sdte of the ancient Ahmfhit, |«die Weft Side of the JV/Zr, oppoiite to Ca/V*, are the granddt llieces of Antiquity now remaining on the Face of the Earth; die lUi; of the largett covers eleven Acres of Oroun^, and is five hnn- ykA Feet hi^ meafured perpendicularly, and feren hundred Feet if iMafared obliquely from the Bpttom o/ the Bale to the Top; whid& sy reconcile the different Relations we meet with of its Height^ |h Dr. Siaw obferves, that the Sands are blown up fo High on like Kdes, that it is imp^ble to take the Height of it exa£Uy. hlere is a Room in it thirty-four Feet long, and feventeen broad» which is a Marble Cheft feven Feet long, which fome fuppofis I be a Coffin, in which the Body of fome andent King was re- fited. There are feveral other lefler Pyramids near this, but by whom ilt, or when, or for what End, is not yefietded. The Mummy Pits are but a little Diftance from the Pyramids ; they fobterraneous Vaults of a vaft Extent, above thirty Feet deep, img large ibuare Alleys, on the Sides whereof the Enptimu ufed I bury their Dead, by retcin|r the Coffin upright in Nitchcs, after K embalmed Corps was put lAto it. The Sphinx alfo ftands near the Pyramids, at lead what remains of ibr only the Head and Shoulders appear, and thdie are thirty Fctfc ii. Some think it was hewn out oi the Rock 0:1 which it ftaadi« I th9t there never was any more of it than we fee at preient. Aa Sphinx has the Head of a fine Wdman, and the Body of a Lioii^ 1 1 need not obferro ss a pateFit^n. , The Labyrinth, in UMir Eg^f, is another Curiofity, laid to be ned out of a Marble Rock, m whkh arc conuined twelv« Pidaces 1 a dioufand Uoufes. Covtain it is there ar« amaeing Remains of Ii Anti^ui^ 49> E G r P 'T. Anttquity lo d>« U^tr Egypt^ confilUne of magnificent Marble Pil. fau-s, Obelifks, ^c. and thoie fine Marbk Pillars and Obeliilu vtRuu are faid to have been hewed out of the Rocks in U^tr Egypt. The laft Curionty I Audi mention is the Ru(h P*prut, which grows on the Banks of the JW/r, of which Paper was firft made, and fitn ■thence obtained the Name. There is a holy Cheat performed by the Grttk Chriftians in a, certati Burying-place near Old Cairo, on Cood-FriJaf^ and the two precedii^ Days annually, which Tome reckon among their Curiofitits, and others among modern Miracles ; it is the Refurredlion of human Bones, (bme iay of whole IJmbs, and others, entire Bodies, which, after they havt ■Oiade their Appearance, retire again to their Graves. Language. 1 They layMafs in the CopbtU* zrA Arabic Languages; the fofiowing Pater-Nofter is a Specimen of the Copbtic : Peiiiit ttbn nipbttoM ; nartphtouho mgieptkran ; martfi ngittt kmttouro ; Ptuhtei I martphfcopi mbbrmihi hen tpbt mm bigien piiabi ; penoik nUraJdlti ■mtiipbnan fitpmsu ; eueh cba ntUronnan tbol mphr^dhi bom ntent^U I uaaettoun ntautriou ', eueb mpertHten tbtun tpirajmet ; aUa nabmtn till | bapipetbSou, ' Religion.^ As to the Religion of the Mabometans of Egypt, it dif-l fers but little from that of i!tic Turks i only it is obferved, that thtl Miors and Arabians, who at prefent make up the Bulk of the People I here, are much more fuperftitious and zealous in their Way, thantlie| Mabometans of Turkey ; and have their Santo's, or Puritans, amonn them, for whom they exprefs an cxtraordioary Veneration, but thcl Turks defpife the Hypocrites. I Many of thefe Santo's go perfeAly naked about the Streets, widt-l out the leall Rag to cover tnem, fufferinc; their Hair to grow to nl unreafonahle Length : In this Condition they vifit the Houfes of Per-I fons of DiftinAion, and fit down to Dinner with them without urn Invitation, and leave their Tables with as little Ceremony as thtn entered ; and it is looked upon as no fmall Blefling to a Houfe receive a Vifit from thefe People. The ancient Egyptians worihipped not only the Planets, but fevc Sorts of Birds and Beails, and even Leeks and Onions ; but the f they moll adored was a black Ox, under the Name of Apis. The Pollerity of the ancient Egyptians are held to be the prefn Ctfbfi^ice, among whom 'tis nnerally held, St. iVtf'i firftplanK Chriltianitv, and was the firlt Bifiiop of Alexandriot then the Mel tropolis ot Egypt- Their JuriidiAion was fettled by the Couacil of Nitt, over all Churches of the Diocefe of Egypt, which included Lyhia, Ptntafi and Egypt, properly called ; and afterwards the Ethitpiau, or ^^ jm Churche5, became fubjeA to this Patriarch, and Itave ever ' acknowledged a Relation to him. They differ from the Church of R»mt in adminiftring the Sac:| • ment of the Lord'a Sujpper in both Kinds ; and allow neiuter cure UnAion, nor the Eucharid, to be adminiftered to the Sick. Neitj do they agree with (hat Church in (he PoiiiU of Puigatory or Prayii f«Mr the Dead. Rdvlm, \ ^ G r P f. keveluiiom and Memorable Events, *»» TH E Egypt iam are a wtry andcnt Nation ; thne are redcooed above fixty Princes oiF the Ljne of the Phmrtub^t^ and the/ ictgncd, 'tis iaid, in an uninterrupted Sacceffion, to the Year of th« World 3435, when PAnrmi^ PJamHitient, the leeond Monarch of that ^am^ was conquered by Cambyfu II. King of Ptrfe*t who united • i{j^ to that .£|npire,. under which it renfUned till the Reign of Hariust being upwanU of an hundred Years, • when it revolted iron ^ Crown» ana became an independent Kingdom again ; in which Soue it continued about fifty Years, when Of**/, King nS Ptrfim^ re- covered the Dommion of it ; and it remained fubjed to the PerJUm ifoaarchs till AUxtmdtr the Grtat defeated Darim III. when it fell HBJer the Power of that Prince, with the reft of the Proviocet of the firfiui Empire. After the Death di Akxandtr^ Ptotrntt the Son of Lagutt or, ai odters iniinuate, the Son of Philip ofMattdetif and confequently half Irother of AUxamUr, found Means to mount the Throne of igjptt and render it an independent Kingdom once again, whofe Succeflbrs* Kkgi dF Egyptt ever after retained the Name of Pttimiet \ in which i line it continued between two and three hundred Years ; the laft Sovwdgn beins the famous CltefMraf Wife and Sifter to Ptoltmy 0$$^ mfau the laft King, and Miftreis to Juliui Cit/or and Marc Jnthiyt I Mcceffively. It was Pttltmy Phihdtlpbut^ Son of the firft PtoUmy, who colieA- I (d the Alex0iulriati Library, faid to conAft of (even hundred thon- £nd Volumes ; and the iame Prince caufed the Scriptures to be tranA laid into Greek i but whether by Seventy-two Interpreters, and in the Manner as is commonly related, is juftly qneftioned. ThieP/o/tmiu fanetimes extended their Dominions over neat Part of^^rrr^. After de Death of Cltofatra, this Kingdom fell under the Power of tha In the Reign oiHtracUtis the Emperor of CmfiMtinopItt the People^ IWnK difgufted with their Governors, called in Ommr Vhs third Caliph l«f the StrmeMt^ and Aibmitted themfelves to the Mahmttm Power, I being about the Year of our Lord 640. I The Caliphs of Bai^n were Sovereigns of Egypt till the Year 870, Ivben the Egyptians fet up a Caliph of weir own, called the Caliph of ICWfv, to w^om the Saracins of Afrita and Spain were fubjed. I About the Year 1160, AJiu^tUim* ot Saractn, Genenl of NtrradiwB Idle SaratiH Sultan of Damajiuit fubdued the Kingdom of Egypt ; and' [liioat fhv \ eut 1 190, took Jemfaitm from the Chriftians. It was thia 'Hoce who eftablilhed a Body of Troops in Efypt, like the Janizaries xCttftaHtin^Itt compofed otthe Sons of Chriraani taken in War, or .archaicd of the Tartmtu to whom he nve the Nanw of Mamalitbtt, »iuch, 'tis (aid, iignifies no more than Slave. The Pofterity oi jMartdJiii enjoyed the Crown till the Year 1x41, 'mtthc MuiwiAiir/ depofed Emtnam their Sovereign, and fet one of dr own Officers upon the Throne : Thefe MamaUde Sultans wero •gaged in continual Wan with the Chriftiaas in Syria and PaUftim, li a and 'ffm ^ c r P^^^ Md Jrt^ dit Ixtb Saltan entirely dl^poflefiid tbe dtiSSas of die mfy L^hJi die nittdi SnllBn, Midtcbitfiart iulMlned du; l^U^ of Ch^iut and mad^ it tribatary to Eg^. the laft Sul^ of xhit M*mdiAnr^W6 ^afed aad ikttdcMd \jS^mits, and, according to fontf Acconutf, hanged np at oi* <# dw Gates of Grand Cmn. Gameik, one of die Gcandeei of l|ie JCw— M#iia Proper — WeftemDivifion— NmUm — — . Chief Toww. -• jtmbama^Mitt — Nuiia* jUr mtd Sea/om.'] This Copntry is pretty much incumbered wtj Monntuins of the Form of a Cone, or Sugar Loaf, but well covert^ widi Tree* aad Herbaj^. The Valiies between them are exccffir 6q| in Soanner, but it h alwavs eo ckudize tiEanpe, jitrtiaa Smiths amongA them ; and as for other Handicrafts, fuch as [Carpenters, Taylors, and Shoemakers, every Man breeds up hia ildren*tD the Trade or Profeffion he ufes himfelf. There are par- uar Pamiies, whofc Hafinefs it is to make Trumpets, Horm, t!ff, liadihofe ilfeve^ Trsidos, like die Calls or Tirjes m the Eaft-Indi.t, Ik febarately, and do not intermix with an;, !^er Trade or Tribe, \tt by Marriage or otherwife. rowM* leMt red witq covet* I exccJ thc?^ (Torre for thdr Merchandiie, with fome ^" H^rfes: ThcBrokers, or chants, between the Turks and Alyj^yuium, «ve ^rovj, Arabietu, tyAwMMirChriftianst few or none Ci' the Natives trade or travel When the Parfi^fif/t Aril found the Way to AhyffhuOy the Shore«r the kti Sm were open ; bdt now' tlie Twit keep fuch a ftri£t there, that it is difficult for any other People to have Acceft I them. Gnermtnt.] The Sovereign of Akyffimim (according to ^ P«r» t[i, who vifited this Country foon after the pafllne the Capv ;W Hopty in the fixteenth Century) was Ailed Prtpc yitn, or \9,ittrJol)H bv others; which Tome imagine was given f vil| is iU vtia except '502 Abyflinia, «f the Upper Etiiidpis; that of Ordination. Others &y, thir TWvb and Armbiau gave kiai d« Title tilifrtfter Chan or CAmr, that if, King tfSlavett dtey receiTiog moft of their black Slaves from Ethiopia^ of which he was Soverdgn, But however that be, Travellers generally aeree, that his own ^ifajeAi ftile him Nmu, otKing ; and oraier Negafiba iit^afcht^ wluch in their Lanenage (ignifies King of Kings, to diftineuiih him from the Priacei and Governors of Provinces, who are ftiled alfo Ntgiu, They have a 1 radition, diat their Princes are delcended from $$h. meitf vy the Queen of Sbtia. This Prince is abfolate, and his Throne hereditary; bat he has loft much of his Power and Pivrogadves, which the great Men of ths Country have ufurped ) he is now frequently centronled by his Lords: The eldefi Son is alfo fometimes paflfea by, and a younger, or >nillen. timate Son advanced by the Nobility to the Imperial Dignity. 1^ King is moft of the Year in the Field, attended by great Amies of j H6r7e and Foot. The common People are Slaves to the Emperor, or their refpe^ve Lords. They have no Inheritance in their Lands, but they theinfelves, their Lands and Goods, are their Lord's Property. 1 Kim^j Jrmi,] The King's Arms are'a LyOn Rampant, with tbt j following Motto, TUfe Lyon of the 'Tribt of Juda it viSorious. Knights.'] The only Order of Knighthood here is that of St.! Jtabostff being partiv religious and partly Military. Of thefethotl are feveral Thou&nas. Ptrfons and Habit s."] It is here that the black Complexion firi(| takes Place, but the Natives are of a good Stature, and their Featiual regular ; the^ are not at all like the Negroes of Guinta, and thel South of ^rica, who have generally flat Nofes, thick Lips, and Tcryj Ihockin? Countenances, in the Opinion of the white People. The better Sort of them are doathed in Veft» made of^Silk, S^ or Cotton, after the Manner of the Franks in Turij ; but their People go almoft naked, having only a finall Piece of iSjun or Stuff wrapped about their V/aifts. dnins.) They are faid to have a great deal of Vivacity and mtoi ral Wit; to be of a teachable Difpofinon, and fond of Learning, tiM)] they have but few Opportunities of improving themfelves. food.] They have no other'Bread but Cakes, bak'd on theHeuthJ They eat all Manner of Fleih but Swines Fie'';, and fuch other Mestf ms were prohibited to thr^ewt. They abftai . alfo from things ftrang' led, and from filood, '-jIL .< their Meat and drrjuing the Bwod froa it as the Jrws do. T ieir great Men are above feeding thenifclve but a/e fed by their Servants with Spoons. Their ufual Drink is Mc* or Metheglin, their Country abounding in Honey. They have *" Liquors made of Wheat and Rice. Tiojt liv* in Ttitts Part of the feat.] The King and Court li»l in Tents during the h^ Seafon, making a Tonr through 9 gr«>*t P" *Mt*#*< I'ttween ) fie AbyfTinia, or the Upper Etiiiopia. 503 of the Country annually, and are followed from the Towns by MnU Qtmles of Artificers and other InhaUtants. Arm.] Their Arms are Swords, Lances, Bows and Arrows; but . dwy have ibme Fire-Arms, which they purchafe of the Twit, LMHguageJ] The following Pattr-Kofttr is a Specimen of the Ahyffi' wn Linguage. Ahbabtt Jchirfij'u ; felenjkgi xAmJba ; mefjhati Jfi fa ; ifchir jtrgafb. Jmfittm hlrman egahquabn ; parchon pmlegren ; ha parcioHj phU^o noes ; u MlriJikaa/cepikha ; eruph ibMfm. Amen. Rehgion.] Their Religion ieems to be a Mixture of ChrilUanity andjudaifm; in their Cnriftianity they approach much nearer the Grttk than the Latin Church. They keep both the Jeiuijh and Cbri- ftiu Sabbath, and keep each of them more like a raft than a Fefti- val. They circiuncife their Children, both Males and Females the eighth Day, and baptize them a Fortniglit after. They have but tivo Sacraments, vin. Bapti^ and the Eucharift, . and give the Bread and the Cup both to Clergy and Laity. They believe the real Prefence in the Sacrament, but not Tranfubftantiation. They have neither Archbkhop, Bilhops, nor any Order fnperior to Priells ; only the Abbot of every Socie^ of Monks is their Superior,.! and has feme Authority over them. Thcfe Monks do not live k Cloyfters or Convents, but every one in his own Hut, forming a Kiad or Village near fome Church, where they perform Divine Service in their Turns : Their inferior Orders below the Prieft or Preibyter, are th Sub-Prelbyter, Deacon^ and ^ Sub^Deacon. The Monks never marry. jlf«i!r/«f«.] Poligamy is prol^'bited by cheir Laws,, but generally . pAis'd. T^t King has at leait a Hundred Wives and Conciibine*/ nd every Man as many as he pleafe*;. Fiuurah.} They have no particular Funeral Service, but thePrieihr 7 ' over fom6 Pafl'agcs in thePiiihri fuitnbk to the Occalion, and the I i>eceafed is laid in his Grave without a Coffin, his Relations Moumrne* 1 Ibme few Months in Rags, and a neglefted Drefs. They rend their Cloaths upon their receiving ill News, and other melancholy Occa- jions, ^ many of the Ancient? did. A N I A N, Situation and Extent. I Between |S«tween 900 Miles in Length. 303 Mikf in Brcadih. Bamndaiif) ] A N I A M 'T^OUNDED by tbe^A/Sea. and theStnitt ^ 504' Boimiorit$.'\ X) BaitlmanJtU on' tin North ; by tbe liulitm Ocean, Eaft ; by Zantutbart Soath ; and by JiyffiHie^ and the unknown Parts of Afrirtr, Al'cll. It isabarren^ fandy Delart* execffiv hot, containing^ fcarce any Towns, and very few Pcopie, except fi^me Aimi Iribes, that live in Camps ; and thefc in all Parts oi jifrica^ are of a awny C(Mafkai(uy but not black ; the chief Places are Ait* and l/U^ainim. ZjiNGUEBjiR- between Between { i Skuation and and •E. Lon. Extent. f • S, Lat ^inr4^/V;.} B 1 400 Miles in Len|tl|. Being - 350 Milea in Breadth, the Equator and 23 O U N P E D by jfiaan, on the North ; by the Itntiaa Ocean, on the Eaft; by the Tropic of ^mfrictrn, Soadi ; ^d by MbmtKugit and the unknown Parts of .^fi, Weit Divifion;. Prpvinces, The North Divi-t^**^ fion contains Ij^„i,^^ _ i:he Middle Divir I Jm-a j0.SUipbmtl (on cpntaiaa 1 Snlha Chief Towns. 1 C MiUtMhi R. Lon. J j S. Lat. J. 3S« Srfola. ^Phe Soath Pivi- i Mffimiifiit ikm contains £ ^{^1/* — — » - w4rr%} The Air of this Countr ■' would: be intolerable hot, jf it wu not cooled by the annual l^ains, ^hie|i oiveHliOfw the Country, and the ^r:.?zes from the Sea, Sbil atid Prfdute.'X It is well watered by Riven, which render die Soil cxceedit)' fruitfol- Rice and A(9aize are> their principal Grain, md ge Country is weir planted w<>h Cocoa\ Plantains, Sugar-Canes, ranges, Lemons, and 'other Timical Fruits. From hence alio the Portngut/f are furniihed witji Gold, Slaves afid Ivory, brought froiq the Inland Parts of Jfrica. From hence allb they import Oftrich Fcatheia, Senna, A-loes, Civet, Ambergreafe, and Frankinccnfe. The Country is very populous,, conluling chiefly of Negroes ; the pity oi MelinJa alone is laid to contain aoo,ooo Inhabitants. Gfutrnmnt.'] The PtrtHgut/t are Sovereigns of all tM Coalls, having great Numbers of black Piinces fiibjec> to thfin. ZJNGUESAR, 5^5 fdigkit'} TJiey idate tfaejr have made aMoitkode ofCoHreio t^ phriftianity, whom ^cy hwtm ua^ co death Acmfelvc* wkfa the Uuia&diuet niSmr^t whkh ^tPartmiiuJe parchafe of the EngUfit, The Religion of many of die Pcople» however, crpeciaDj at a D>- toce from the Coaft, b ffill the Mehtmttut^ or Pagan Superfiition, l^c Pmvgktft Language is general!/ fpoken ali along the Soaft «f Jlfrica ; bcfides which, the People oiZangutbar have a Language of tMi'r own, of which the following Puttr-nofttr is a Specimen : fo/« a montti ln{fa axure macia agifa^ enfou/a or a qmtncla ar»- rtt* AMBW t, m ftiimwHnU ieura tema numtiour» uft^KO ; # mutamaa$ fkcba mon almont aitgemt fleehempnt ; ouau-ment-cauh pba$th ijaaturm tmtmont. Amin. M^ ^VMW 4tSA*st9 ^aa a ^y vv^v^^ t5(P*iP w**iii ^bmqp ^ibk C A F F R A R I A, or /i&^ Oww/ry £/" /i» llottcntots, including Terra de Natal. I ; hy the rropic of Parts of vns. Lon. 39* letwcen Betweini tuaiJants.'\ and 55 and 35 Situation and Extent, r W.Lon. > Being Lac. ii2oMilesuiLei^gtIt^ 700 Miles in Breaddu' BOUNDED on the North by the Kingdom of Mommetafa, ix]d cncompafTed on the Ea^ South, and Weft, by the great Southern Ocean, the Cape oi Good Heft being (be moft Southern Promontory of Jfrica. pivifions. Tke South Di- vifion — — The Weftern Di- vifion — — Subdivifions. Chief Towna. No Towns. Cape Tinvw, E. Loa, 16. S. Lat. 34-'i5. [^J^c'?^''''}{N.Tow«,. i)f*jMtf«i»i.] Caffraria is a mountainous Country ; the chief Monn- iuns near the Capr, are, r. IMi^ /aa Art ; 50^ CAPFRARlA: the Fountains are rufed to what Hdght they pteafe, by dik Bitofc that defends from the TabU Monntam. ■ _ i Harbours, Btyt, anJCa^es.] As to Harbours* I dbn*t meet vvith anv, tho* it has a Sea Coaft of a Thouland Miles and upwards j but it has on the Weft the Bay of St. Helena, the Bay of SeUama, and die '^abte Bay ; and on the Eaft Hermo/a Bay, and the Bay of St. Srm. The Capes are thofc of the Cape of Good Hope and Jgtiitast 1>bth of them in the South. j^f'r.l The Valleys would be exceffivp hot, if they were not en* compafud by the yait Southern Ocean, from whence the Wind blows on every Side almoil ; and they are fcarce ever free from Storms a Week, which raife the Waves of this extenfive Ocean to fo vail a Height, that they are, in a literal Senie, freqdently Mountains high: fuch as we never fee in this Part of the World ; but though thae Storms are troublefome, it makes the Country very healthful. If ^ey happen to have a Calm of any Duration, all the People ar^ troubled with the Head-ach ; but Abundan<:e of rich Ships have been caft away by thefc Storms upon the Coaft, for there are no Harboun here. The Dutch fometimes loofe whole Fleets as they lie at Andior before the Town, and they are forced to moor their Guardfhips with ifa-ong Chains inftead of Cables. • ■ ' SoU Mnd PrcJuee.'] Here (in the Company's Garden) are the moil delicious Fruits of yi^a and Europe, growing within S<|uares of Bay. Hedges, fo high and thick, that the Storms coming off the Ocean, can pejudice them but little ; and thefe Hedges aSbrd a moft re* freflimg Shade in the hot Seafon. In this Garden is alfo a fine Grove of Chefnut-tree?, that the Sun cannot penetrate. Here alfo we meet with Peaches, Pomegranates, Citrons, Lemons, Oranges, with the Apoles «nd Pears of Europe intermixed, aU excellent in their Kinds ; and here we fee the Crimfon Japan Apples, which, interniixed wjtl^ the green Leaves, appear exceeoing beautiful. Here alfo grows Ae Indian. Gnava. ' They have fcarce any Fruit-Trees, the natural Produft of die Country, at kaft fuch as the Europeans care to tafte of; tho' dkC tiotttnffs eat fome of them. Three or four Sorts of Almond Trees have been brought hidier which bear Fruit once in three Years ; and as they have large Plan-i tations of them, yield the Dutch a confiderable Profit. The Ananas or Pine-Apple, a moft delicious Fmit, alfo is pUnted in their Gardens. Here we meet w|th four Sorts of Camphire Trees, the beft whereof was tranfplanted from Borneo, the other three came from Sumatra, China, and Japan ; the Leaves being rubbed between the Fingers finell ftrong of Camphire. It was a great while it feems before they raifed any confiderable Vineyards : They carried thither at firft Vine-Stocks from the Banks I of the Rhine, and from Ptrfia, in fmall Parcels, wKich grew pretty well, and furnifhed them with Grapes for Eating ; but they did not pretend to make aay Quantities of Wioe, till a certain German taught then C A F F H A R 1 A, 507 diem to take the Pranings of their Vines, and cat them in fiwdl Pieces of half a Foot in Length, and plant them in Fields plowed np for that Purpofe, and they fent out Shoou at eveiy Knot ; bjr which Means they were (bon fumiihed with as many StocKs or Planfea as they had Occuion for. And now there is Scarce a Cottage in the Cape Setdement bat haa itt Vineyard, which produces Wine enough for the Family, Thidr Plants of all Sorts are larger and Tweeter than thofe of fun^; the Head of a Cabbage, at its fall Growth, weighing thirty or forty Pounds, and die mad of a CoUyflower at much, ue Seeds wheicof aic brought from Cjfrifs and Savoy; their Melons alfo are of an exceeding fine Flavour, and larger and wholfomer than thofe of Eurcfti and are raifed without Gla/fes or Hot-beds, their Swwnen being exceeding hot, and Winters moderate ; their Potatoes are very laree, weighing from fix to ten Pounds ; diefe they brought from /«A«, and they are exceeding good. In Deeemier all tHeir Grain is ripe ; and our Cbriftmas is the Height of their Harveft : In January they tread out their Com %n die Fields, and in Februaty thci Farmers carry it to the Compiny's Magazines, where they receive ready Money for all they den*t ufe themfelves. They fow almoft all Manner of Grain but OaQi and I«cr. Tie 1 r>. «9' JBellie ^ CAFFRARIA, ^ The FMrettaii Aff*^ are common at the Cape; bat there is anodier wild AnimaJ, which goes hy thf Name of an Afi, which has nothing yikt that Creature but his looj^r Etr^.^ for he is a well ^nade beautiftU lively Bead. The Dutch have replenifhed their Settlements with EiirtfHi$ Ho||^ ' well as tkofe of the InJian bLack Breed, without firifues, whoie allies alffloil louch the Ground. The Porcupifit is another Anim^ very ccmmon a^ the Cape ; what is noft remarkable in this AnitnJ, is a Wood/of (^ts, with whidk Iiis.Back and wtry Pait qf him, except his BcHy, ^ covered: Tl^y ore about; the Xxi^th 4>f a Goo^e-Quill % but Ibaitp bard, and witi^ •ut Feathers, and groy^ng ld!s and lefs from the Middle td the Ea^ terminate in a /harp Point. Thrf« Quilk he fliooti at MaA or fieaft W^en he is attack-ed. f There is a Creature at die Cape, aMa^ called l^ the Dfiubt a Stth Co-tUt biit it always feeds on Gnk a-(hore (according to K»lien) and otAy runs into the Sea for its Security. The Head Oi this AnimaJ ^fembles rather that of a Horfe than a Caw« an4 ^ccin* tO be the fam* with die EgyptiaH Hippppotamus. The S,'iHkbin£iemf as the [)uui> call it, feems to be jin Aihaal peculiar to ths Houentet Country, and to hi^ve obt«ned its Naae from the (linking Scents it emits from its Pofteriors ; which are fodb, fhat nifitJIitcr Man nor Beail can b^r thepn; this is thf Creature's beft IIMfe/ftls. Theif Traffic is very incoflfiderable, haviiig np Money or Jlf«ifiMl of Trade; they' barter their Cf^ttle with the Dtaeh for Wine, Brandy, and Tobacco : But though diey fee the D^aek build gOpd HOufi^ ykne Vineyards, and cloadi theAifelves decehdy, it is obferved that the Hottentoti ftill adhere tp- their old Cnftoms, and Will not imitatfi the Btihiy m any Tilling, not fo much as in planting Grapes, dioagl^ |c ^ obferved they love Wine and Bn^nly very well. Covtnmunt^ Every Hottentot Nation ha« its King* or Chief^ called JSmjiUTf whofe Authority devolves upon him by Hereditary $uoceiGen: This Chief has the Power of making Peace and War, and prefides in all their Councils and Courts of Jumce ; but then his Authority is faid to be limited, and that he can determine nothing without tl^e Coofcnf pf the Caftainf pf th^ f^vcral KnilS| who feem It* e A F F R J R I A '5<^ loTw the Htitttnttt Snufee. The Capttta of evrry Krai], whnfe Of^ fee is hereditary alfo, is their Lcacier in Time of War. and chief llagiftnite of Us Krail in Time of Peace ; and with the Head of nFaaoily, determines all Civil and Criminal Cafes within the . Marder, Adultery, and Robbers they confiantly pnnilh with Pcttdu If a Minority condemn the Criminal, he is executed on Ae Spot; the Captain firft ftrikes him with a Clnb, and then the itA ot the jndges nil upon him, "and dmb him to Death. Id Civil Caufes alio, the Cauf determined by a Minority of Voices, and Satisfafiion immediatei Hlered the injared Party oat ef the Goods of the PeHbn that apr he in the Wrong. The whole Country is but one cuinmoa, where they feed their v Canle promifcaoufly, moving from Place to Place to find Water, or freih Pmure, as Nectffity requires. Forcts-I Befidcs the Dutch (landing Forces here, they have a ivgo- lar Militia, fuffident to oppofe ai^ Foreigners that fhould make an Attempt upon their Settlements, they have one Guard-Ship ofually, and that moor'd with ftrong Chains, the Road being very jmiafe, and fubjed to perpetual Storms. The Dutch import their Slaves ufiially from the neighbouring Tfland of Madagtt/carj for they never make Slaves of Htttentots, but live in. a friendly Correipondence with thefe People, of whom they parchafe Cattle for a Trifle when the Shipping arrives; and proba- bly would affift in the Defence of the Country, if it ihould be ever invaded. Revenutt.^ The Revenues of the Dutch at the Cape arift from dM Tenths of the Profits which their Government reiervc out of all die Lands they grant to private Planters, and from the Duticr of Import and Export ; bat this Colony cannot do much more dxon ialance the Charges thev are at in Fortifying and Gariiftming their Towns and Forts ; for tao' it be a very plentiful Country, they have BO Merchandize jproper fisr Exportation, except their Wise, which is equal to any in Eurtfty and of which they have « fry great Va- riety. The principal Advantage this Country is to the Dmtchi is the Supplying fheir Fleets with Provifion& in their Voyages to and from Ptr/ms and Haliis.} As to the Stature of the HattentotSt ther arc tether, low than tail; for though there riiay be fome fix Feet nigh* there are more about five Feet ; their Bodies are proportionable, and well made, (eldom either too fat or lean, and fcarce ever any crooklkins, or fome «dier Skins thev fet a Value upon. • They conceal, or cover, thole Parts alio, which every other P»< pie do, with a fquare Piece of Skin about two Hands Breadth, gctte.* rally with a Cat-lkin, the hairy Side outwards, which is fattened to theur Girdle. , The Women wear Caps, the Crowns whereof are a little raifed, aad thefe are made alfo of naif-dried Skins : They foarce put them off Night or Day, Winter or Summer ; they ufually wear two Kroflet, or Mantles, one upon another, made of Sheep-fluns, or other Skins, which are fometimes bordered with a fr'nge of raw Leather ; and thofe are onlv fattened with a Thong about their Necks ; they ap> pear naked down to their Middle, out thev have an Apron larger than that of the Men's, to cover them oefore, and another, of ilill htfeer Dimenfions, that covers their Back-fides ; about their Legs they wrap Thongs of half-dried Skins, to the Thickneis of a lack-Boot i which are fuch a Load to them, that they lift up dieir Legs with Difficulty, and walk very much like a Trooper in Jack* Boots. The principal Ornaments, both of Men and Women, are Brafs, or Olafs-beads, with little thin Plates of glittering Brafs and Mother of Pearl, which they wear in their Hair, or about their Ears. Of thefe Brafs and Glafs-beads ttmng they alfo make Necklaces, Bracelets for the Arms, and Girdles, wearing feveral Strings of them about their Necks, Waitts, and Arms. There is another Kind of Ornament peculiar to the Men, and diat is the Bladder of anv wild Beatt thev have killed, which is blown up, and fiittened to the Hair, as a Tropny of their Valour. Soon after their Children are born, they lay them in the Sun, or by tiie Fire, and rub them over with Fat or Butter, mixed with Soot, to render them of a deeper Black, 'tis faid, for they are naturally tawny i and this they continue to do almott every Day of tlwjr Lives, afitr they tie grown up. /W.] Nor are they more cleanly in their Diet than in their DreA, for they chufe the Guts and Entrails of Cattle, and of Tome wiM BeafU. (with very little Clranfing') rather than the reft of the Flefh, and eat th«ir Meat half boiled or broiled ; but their principal Food C A P F -R A It PA. - jff 101^111 of Roots, Herbs, Froits, or Miik ; when they make Bntttr of k, they put it into (bme Skin made in the Form of the Soldier's Knap- 6ck, the hairy Side inwards ; and then two of them txking hold of it, we at each End, they whiri and turn it round till it is converted into Bnttyr, which they put ap for anointing themfelvcs, and their Cap* aad Mantks, for they cat no Butter. Since the Arrival of the Dutch among them, it appears that the , }bttiMtott are very food of Wine, Brandy, and other fpirituous Li. qiorsi thefe, and the Baubles already mentioned, the Hoilamitrt tmck for their Cattle ; and though a Hotiemttt will turn a Spit for a DuttbmMt half a Day, for a Draught or two of four Wine, yec do they never attempt to plant Vineyards, (as they fee the Dutch do every Day) or think of making Wine themielves. ' C*ftmt.'] They frequently expofc their Female Children in their Foitfts, to be ftarved or devourra by wild Beafls, as they do dieir Fathers and Grand-fathen when they become decrepid and ufeleft ; bot this is not done without the Content of their Mngifbates or chief Men of the Place. Notwithllandine their Barbarity to their Female Children, they ktve the greateft Abhorrence of their being difTeAed and cut in Pieces, as they are fometimes by the Ewreptan Surgeons : They imagine diis is done with aDefign to ufe their Flefh in Magic and Witch- cnft, and therefore watch the Corpfe of the Deceai'ed for fome Time after it is buried. lu^uagt^ As to the Language of the Hattentctt, great Part of it confifts of inarticulate Sounds and Noifes made in their Throats, which no Man can imitate or cxprefs in Writing ; nor is it poffible to learn it, except by People that have lived amonjjft them from their Infancy, as fome of the Malatto Slaves, belonging to the Dutcbt have done : Thefe, I perceived, could underftand uic Hutttntots, and had coough of the Langua^ to be underihood by them. As to Letters, or Writing of any Kind, the llotteiattt are perfe^y ignorant of thefe Things. RiUgitn.'] The Periugvtfe who were the firft Eur^ant that vi> filed the Cape, reported. That the Hotttntttt had no Religion, becaufe they found neither Temples or Images amongft them ; but we have now die fullett Evidence, that they believe in God or the Supreme Being, who made both the Heavens and tlic Earth, as they have declared to feveral Miffionaries who lived many Years among tht Htttnttis : They ftile him the Goti ef Gods, and believe he n en- dowed with all inuginable Perfedions : But they never addrefs tkcm- /elvcs dircAly to him, but to certain Gtnii or Demons, whom the/ look upon as Mediators for them to the Suoreme God ; And 'tis pro- bable tacy look upon the Moon as one of thofe inferior Intellitences, for they ailemble at the New Moon, proftrate themfelves before it, and dance the whole Night ; and, by feveral Expreffioni, fhew their Dependance on this interior Deity, from whom (hey cxptA good Weather, and fruitful Scafoni. They tn t 'A F T k A R I A. Thejr worflnp alio thofe dutt Iiave had the Repntadoa of Saints tRdfHooes* and pajr thc^ Devotions to an inu^inarv Evil Spirit like die /«Anv, whom the^ believe to be the Audior of all the Calamities the^ fofier ; and to him they iacrificc Sheep and Oxen, aa well as vi diew Saints. Thxy certainly believe a future State, by (acrifidne and oAring wo thdr Prayers to departed Sainu ; for this would be the greatett Abfurdity,~lf thev did not fnppofe, that the Soul forvived the Body. Their removing their Huu to a di^nvnt Ground when any one dies, alio (hews they are apprehenfive that the dead Man may return again, and give them feme Diftnrbance ; and that dejNuted Souls chiefly kannc the PUices where they died : A Piece of Snperftition which prevails every where almoft. The ItttttiifU pretend alfi> to Maeic and Witchcraft, and when their Phyficians cannot reftore their Patients by Phyfic, they imme- diataly conclude th^ are bewitched, and apjtty to ibme pretended Conjurers for Relief. Marru^.} Pdigamy is allowed hew, and divorce apon a reafon- alUe Compbunt of either Party to the Governor. \ - Fortune is very litde coniidered in their Marriages ; the Man's Fa* iSbtr ofually eives him a Cow and a few Sheep, and the Woman's Fadier die lifce on dieir Marria^ r and the Reladons and Friends of die married Couple affift them m building a Houle.. or rather a Hut : A fat Ox is killed upon this Occaiion, and a wedding Dinner provi< ded fuitaUe to their Circumftances. The Men form a Circle in the Area of the Krail or Hotunttt Town, and the Women aflemble in another Circle : The Bridegroom fits down in the Middle of theMen'i Circle, and the Bride in tut of the Women's ; after which, die Pried comes into the Men's Circle, and pilles upon the Brideeoom ; from dience he goes to the Womea's.Circle, and pifles on the Bride, whid n efteemed the greateft Honour that can be done them ; after which, die married Couple receive the CongratuUtions of die Company, wifliine they may live long and happily together ; that he may have a Son before the End of the Year; that he may prove a brave Fel- low, an expert Huntiinan, and the like. The Meat being ierved up in Earthen Pans, the Company ftXL to, and hamam neicher Knives or Forks, nuke ofe of their Teeth and Claws, poBing it to Pieces, and eatin| m voracioafly as fb maoy Dogs, Mving no other Plates or Naokms than the Comer* of the ftiaking Mantlet they wear, and Sea-melb ufnally ferve them inHead •f Spoons. After Dinner they fit finoaking and talking merrily en die Occa* fion dll towards Morning, when uie Bride fteals away, and the Bride* groom after her, and then the Company difperfe. There is no Dan* cing on the Occafion, or ftrong Liauor drank, thefe People driaking Icaice any Thing but Water and Mi!k. The Woman nas not been married many Daj'S before (he is fet » work, and treated little better than a Slave ; all the Burinel» without Doors and within 15 done b/ their Wives { die more of them a Man %M» therefore tlic richer he is. C U I N EA\ Between { Between < \ /bLmtie Qcewk' Towi«.j JK Jmrnahttt St, G , fintifit ^ e AsMM hf erthaot between die X^ JMiiSoudi. DiviiloiM the Sottdieni '. fion contain Proyiaces ol TheWeHemD fio& CQpi^iBa Wimtium.\ lAukable. * I ^iwnA The t>Jlmirifi, which into die Atbtmic £il to due Sowh-' f Lmidii Mfhieh r piiEng by St. Sal Ciwww, whkh n Mis into die Baj [•/«*«, whfch mi Ml into die JiU \Mn River, wki( JOpean. And, 10. |weft throagh M^ e V I N B A Proper* Si/Motiai and Extent, letvrcea Between BmBtkriit and «S and JO >««*« . iffDiillMiiiLtflgkk t jtioMUbiftiftMUi. irW/( pcewk 4H) i|i^ Spndi iM Weft. JiumaiM, St, Gttrgt-Mmituit TufMMw, dam, t^ftjfNm^^i, fni intkfinrgk, 4tf «> and the CfJbiart. Quitiea htifi utmifi Estteni, 5; Botifit ^ extendi to. all llw Coaftt ^ 4firim to wld^h.^ (Mmi Mercliaat* trade, it lies betwcep 18 W. ua 10 E. Itm* m4 between the f^rngk of Cweer txA the TfOftc oC C^^rvrara Nbidl aMlSottth. Provinces. DivifidM the Soudieni Divi- fion contuni the^ Previoces of Chief Tolrii. \St7Sivmkf the Weftera Divi- &0& copiMlBt GwMM Proper^ and The Moantauu of £i«rr« X«M iBt the ndft i«« Hbunttum.} I tuufcable. . JU«Mrv.l The Riven of tUt Cbontrr an, t. That of \t.Jm6H/t which nuu fiom VtA to Weft ooft JImA^ and lUb iato the Atbmtic Ocean. |. Zmta, which nuu InSi the Novtk* £dk to the Sooth-Weft^ cron CMf«» and fidli into the fiuoe Octiui4 4. Lmidii which rmu lihewife from Eaft to Weft thraogh Cm^ m^ raffing by St. Salvadtrt fidls into the iaae Sea. j. The RivMf Ckamw, whkh running ftom dw North«fiiift 10 the Sooth-Weflk fidb into the Baj, or Bite of (?«iiMi. 6. The Rhrcr Fmnjlh T. rW!r«, which ranning from Nordi to Soath» duough Gmmmfropttk Mb into the JtlMtk Otean^ 8. The River «f Sitrrm Um, wuk ISbirin River, which running froat Eaft to Weft, ftdl hito the fluM lOcctn. And, to. The great River Nigiri which nan from Eaft 10 |Weft thtongh N^n k ml, and ialls into MJilmnk Octn by thiei f*» 5«4 G U t N B A. fptt^i CKnaclS ^^cfording to our ^ips alle4, G»^-^t Gmka, and Se>ugaJ,'ht^''k'keta$-douWvl wbether tMft C^nelt aw ^% cluee^diftin^ Rivers, for no Body has informed ns where thejr are hnited^,.,'/ /""~ . ,.7Spt Biany of thefe Rivers are iHivigable m««h beyond dietr jMOHUs, deicending precipitately /rom high Mountuns, and runoinff but fhort Courfes before they fm into, die Sea, except t% Rivers ^ CmieroHt Shrir$t Ltti^ a^Mf.the'gicat River Mj^irr, up die hift of which the EitgSjb have iiuled fivie hundred Miles, and have a great • nii^iiyfiEaaiM-iea ;f||^; b9t^ Shoies. ; Gmi£h, Capttt or Pvm^ttriu.\ . The chiefGnlp&s or Bays in thi} tfMlvt'iCSdt lSi^A»X:j/inm or CiiOrm Bay, and the Bite ofGrnug, iMb^hidl th«l^r*&prindpal Ckpes are thofe of Cape BUmn, Cape J%i/,-^pe £«•*, Caoe St. jMs, Cape Pafmps^ CaperZ-Jw-Ae*//. Upe F^mffih C*fcSt. Jtlm, CapcL^, mtult.] The Winds on the Coaft of Gi»t«« Proper, fit (diR^ contnuy to the Tnu|e WumIs) /. f^; from Weft to EaA^ except in the rainy Seaibn, '^et«reen Uie venial. and autumnal EquinojiL when H^-^liive vidle^tv'^^MTas of Whd;'^ with tmiUe Thund^ md Ll«;htn{ngf and tfiefe* triads blowiiK^ fhom the South, dir Shippinv fti^^Ceafta^ tfiifrhkite kst iA great Danger of being wredced on Shore ; and there is always foch a Surf baiting upon the9ioit, in, ;d^,Talinfeft> Weather, that it Is itrf difficuh and dangerous landing. "J f — Air."] Att iK^fc^u4tfy lying between the two Tropics is excef- ftve hot, and Itlie BAt'CoiThtry lieing ov^owed great Part c^ the Year by tfie |ieri6dkal Rains, u not heallhj^. There is aVaricty of HiHs, VaUi«iV.1'^^>dd8, and Champain Fields, mixed widi Bog« I and Mondies Ml this Opaft. . fireiuc$.\ ThiaAi^i^als of Gmimm are the fame as have been de- fcribed in Cagr^k^ biit their Grain is different: Here is no Whest M-ar^eCape; 1>u( Plenty of GwiiMGrdn, Rice, Maice, tstlnim Com. There are no Grapes here ; but the Palm-tree affords diem I ^JIV^iM, and their Cocoa-Nuts a plefefant Drink % here aie alfo Oranges Mad. Lemons, Plutains, Pomegranates, Tamarinds, Pine-Appks, and OUMf Tropical Frails. . , ; Of Foreft Trees ihey have a very great Variety, which grow to a prodigious Height and Bulk, fome of them exceUeat Timber, and «ave a very beautihal Grain. Their hnneralsi are Gold, Copper, and Iron. The Gold is feonl py the Natives in the Sands of their Rivulets in Duft; femetimcs Idev meet with huge Pieces, but there are no Gold Mines opes, ima poffibly there nuy be no Mines of that Metal here } I am ^1 |o think Grold lies .pretty near the Surfoce, it being found waikedl ^vrn into the Btooks and Rivulets in cve^ Place our People briagi it. from. Then ia Plenty of Salt on the Gtdmm Coaft^ which theyj i . ', make lontories in A \^ritat than ai • die Negro, or wer£i(fyr4,N, Itceived b many G U I N M yf. BiS^ T^ikt by letting the Sea- Water into (hallow Pans in die dry Sedbi^ ad die Sun eualing the Water, the Salt is left at Bottom. Bcfides Gold, Ivorjr, and Shves, this Conntry aflbrdt IndigOi Wax, Gnm-Senega, Giim<-tcagant, and a Variety of other Goat sad Drags. Thde Arcicfea may be had in moft Farts of this extmi^ $ie CAaft, bat chiefly in Proper Ouhutu ' r JUkm/Si^arr/.] As to die ManofaAares of Gtdm»t every Family ilmoft make their own Tools and Utenfiis. They are all Smiths, Csrpenters, and Mafons, and baild their own Hoofes or Hots of very fl^ht Materials ; and till the Eurepiom bronght them Hammers^ C!fr» one Stone ferved them for an ^vil, and another for a Hammer. The Women numage all the Hcibandry as well as thdr Domeflk Afiirs; they dig, fow, plant, and bring iii the Harvrft, while die Halband idly looks on ; fo diat the more Wives a Man has, the lidKr he is (aid to be In this Conntry ; and ibme Negroes on the Ciiaft ffldee Money by letdng oat their Wives, and indeed diey make tele Diflerence between theur Wives and their Slaves. The Southern Coafts of Cengt, Angolm, &c. are under the DomP' uon of the Ptrtugke/t ; no other Nation has Settlements there, though (XJKr Emrtftams are fuflcred to traffic with that Part of the Coaft for Negroes ; bat in what is called Guinea Proper, the Englifi, Dtaeh^ tmcbt tec. have their feveral Colonies and Settlements. The Bmgli/h lUb have Jamts Fort, at the Entrance of the River Gambia, a Branch of die NigtTt and FaAories for feveial hundred Miles up that River, as the FrtHcb had upon that Branch called the Serepa/, which has been litdy taken ^m them by Captain Marjh and Major Ma/on ; and the Duteb have others ftill further Northward, particularly at JrguiH, ia xo Degrees North Latitude. The Ptrtugutfi are poflefled of the Weft Coaft of Africa (as well u of the Eaftern Coaft) from the Tropic of Ca^iccrn to the Equa- tor, and 3 or 4 Degrees further North, and have a Multitude of lit- I de i^V«i Princes under their Dominion, havin? made Profelytes of many of their SubjeQs, and taught them to doaui themfelves as the \tM^am do^ fiirnilhing them with the Woollen Mantifo£hires of \(tnia'Britain% and this it is that renden our Trade with Ar/if«/ I b advanti^^ns to us. fraffie."] The Goods exported to GiuHta are our ManufaQnret I of Linnen and Woollen, Swords, Knives, Hatchets, Pew id* and Braft Utenfiis, Fire-Arms, Powder and Shot, Toys, Brandy, Spirits, and I looacco. Vam Tt§dt,'\ As die PortHgmfi are Mafters of fuch extenfive J Territories in Jjrica^ they export more Slaves from thence to jiMrrVtf, than any other Nation : The Etigl^, French, and Dattk liUb export a great many ; but the SfaniarJt, who are poilefled of like beft Part oxAmtritm, and want Slaves moft, have no Srtttenenta |oa die Negro, or Gnma Coaft, but are forced to contraA with hum ledttr S»^em Nation, to fumifli them with Negroes ; which Bofideft wEngliJh Swth-Sea Company were entitled to ; but that Trade has licceivea fo many Interruptions, and the Company's EffefU have been JLk a fe 5t«^ G V X N E, 4. foi^ften Teized by iht^MH^Js, th«t it, b aC^eltio^ «di€thcr dM icMti-Sta Compatty have got any thing % this OwiiW|By, and by a %e Treaty a final End is put to it. ^ ';i^ GswirxBUMtf.] In Guinea there are fime Sorercign Prinoas* whoft Bwunions are very extenfive, rich, powerfiil» and tflntrary Mo- nan^, limited by no Laws, or any omier.Reftraints. And- there are a ll^i^ltitude o£ ottiefs^ to whom the IhiifJ^ and other £t(nft»Ks have given the Naqne of Kings, whoffi Dominions do not exceed tne Bounds of an ordinary Parifli, and wKo(e IVwer ai^d Revawes %ce proportionably mean ; but the King o^ IrbuUJtt or. FiJaif in the Words of one of the Dutch Fa&on, u finred and reverenced by Iw Siibjefb as a Demi-God, who always appear in his Preftnce, either kneeling or proftrate on the Ground ; when they attend him in the Morning* they proilrate themfelves bdore the Gate of his Pa- lace, Idis die earth three Times, and chmping their I^da ^^tM^r, vSb fame £xpreffions that look more like the /^oration oiFfiwie |)e!ty, than Compliments paid to an earthly Prince i and they even tremUe •r the Signt of him. No Peribn whatever is permitted to fee his M^efly eat, or ti^ know in what Part of the Palace he fleeps, unl^fs his Wives, of wh nxx fimn diat of Proper Guimem ; but their Chiefs and People of Con> dition are doathed in white Veils, with white Caps on their Heads, kd their Complexion, being exceeding black, make a very pretty Appearance. Pwd anJLiquors.'l The Kegroes live but poorly upon the Gol^ Cteft i Millet boira to the Confidence of Bread is tkeir coimmon Food, or elie Potatoes, Yams, and other Roots, in the Room of i^ well drench'd in Palm or Cocoa>nnt Oil, and to this they foidetimeii aU BpiTd Herbs, and half dry'd (Unking Filh, (for they always let ^ he ofi the Beach till they ftink). Th^ have another Diflw idkich is k Mixture of ground Com and Palm-Oil boU'd together, to «hidi thl^ jnvt the Name of Malaget. Garden Beans, and other fdfe. With Plantains, Bananas, and other Fruits roafted in the Aihe^ ilib ftrve them for Food. In die Kingdom of Benin and the Slave Coaft the Negroes livn modi better, Tor here they eat Beef, Mutton, and Fowls, and are my h<>^table to Strangers as well as to their own Countrymen i and ^ bVd the G«/»r« Coaft they are too apt to drink to Excels. In the Momine they drink Drams, and Palm Wine in the Aftcr^ noon. Even die Chieft of their great Towns, or Kings, as t ie« Dsi^ call diem, will meet the Meaneft of their Subje£ls and ^i- pendants ih the Market-Place in the Evening, and forming a Circle OB the Ground, drink to great Excefs, being attended by £eir W,. an 9f, thefe Times, who are no lefs adiHfked to drinking than de Men, w^ofe Converiadon is ufually as fmutty as that of a Aaiiken Crew trf' Sailors ; , nor does this at all (hock the Modefty of Ae Negroe Females, who maintain their Ground, and (it Drinking od Smoaking with the Men till Morning. Befides their Palm Wine, Acy have ftrong Beer made of Millet, tew of them drinkinj^ Water, which is efleemed the moft unwholefome of all Liquors on this Coaft, Hie Nadons which' inhabit the Shores of the great River Nigir, ctt Cofcafa, or Coofcoofti, which is a Di(h made with Flower, put lm> a Cnttender, and fet over a Pot where Meat is boiling, the $inm whereof moiftens the Flower, and makes a kind of Pafte or Hifty-Pndding : This they pour upon their Meat, of which there ii no kind that they refufe. They eat Serpents, which are ObjeAi of their Worihip in other Provinces of Guinea. They eat alfo Mon-. heys, Goano's, Pelicans, Eaeles, Hawks, AUegators, and the MoHe ir$e«rHorfc. They drink Mead idfo, and Pakn^Wine, but chuib Kkj Rvun. «1« GUINEA. 'Ron, and other 8|^taoiu Uqaon before any Thing. And ^ i«. potted of the Natioo of the Dabemis, who inhabit a Cbontry North 'of £tniHt or the Slave Coaft, that they cat Human Fleih. efpedally chat of their Enemies, whidh is pretended to be proved b^ a late Account of a Revolution at ffhidai, of which Narrative thu ii the Subftance, viK. • Tie King of Dahome's Cenjueft 1 The King of Dahom defiiiog ^Whidah on the SUtoe Coaft, Va Paflase thro' the Kinu' tiSWhi' 1726. Wofc's Conntry to the Sea Sde, that he might fell his Shves with the maxex Advantage to die£«r». ftan Merchants, and bein^ denied Aomiffion, determined to invade Whidab^ a Countiy full oF Towns, and exceeding populous, whesc the EitgUJh, and ievend EuroptM Nations, had Faoories, in whick they kept the Slaves they purchased of the Negroes. The King of l^biJab miade a poor Defence, and fled with naay ~ of his Subjects into the neighbouring Countries, but a great nunv Thoufand of the Natives however were mailacred or made Pn- EngMlAtx- oT^fWs great Nnmiiers ot the Prifonos to his Gods, and that his l^eople afterwards eat them as he was in< ibrmed, btit he feems to be the firft Man that ever fbond a Natioa of Canibals in Guinta, and he confefles he never &w one Man eatea, though he was upon the Spot, and was Wonderful inqoifitive aboatit •s he pretends : He goes further, and aflures us that the King of Dabeme, in whofe Court he was, never eats human Flefli, nor is hit hearfay TeiKmony confirmed by any one EycoWitneis, from whence J condade this Tale of a Canibal Nation in Jfrica^ has a very fl^ht Foundation. . Difiakt anJ Remtdiet.] The Small-Pox is as fatal to the N|gnet ta the Plague ; and Worms are an Epidemical Diftemper, not thofe in the Stomach and Bowels, but a Species that are found between the Skin and the Flefli, and give the Patient extreme Pain till thejr are drawn out, which is an Operation of a Month in performing naw> times i for if they attempt to draw it out too hafiily, the Wont breaks and rots in the Flefli, or breaks out in another Place:, Some Negroes have nine or ten of thefe Worms in their Skin at once, and die Europeant are not entirely free from them. A greedy raveBont I Appetite alfo is reckoned among the Difeafes of the Qmnea Negroes; and the Venereal Pifeafe is fometimes fatal to then, havintr yet no Method of Cure, and few of them efcape it among^fnch Nam- bcrs of conmion Women ^s this Coaft abounds with : Nor are the Wuundi gotten in the Fields of Mars lefs dangerous than the other, efpecially if the Bones are fluttered ; for they can cure only ordioaiy Fk(h Wounds, -which they do by applying Poultefles of Herbs to thtiin. The Negroes are feldom long-livecH tho' they are generdjr hcalthfu] while they do live. The Diftempers HIag Eurepeans are fubje£l to on this Coaft areF^ y^t, Fluxes, and Cholics, which are occafioned by the bad Water Re THE BortMi South-Wel « Grant from the fflfcovered to the 2, Jeft-fide of ^/,, whereupon the/>, J^eftern Coaft of ^ \"ft India fyt up^ pity of difpofing 6 U IN'E' A. ^i# nd bod Air. tlietr SettlemcDto lying nmr tlieC«aft, mhtit die Fom aid Stenilt, arifing ftbm die dose and Salt Miuifltes, and* the iitnk« ing FUh the Natives dnron the Beaclf, cornmi the Air, and renJer it fatal to Foreigners. The moft tempeiate Mei^ find it difficult to tteferve thefa- malth ; bdt a greaf matav haflM dteir Death by their lotemperance or Impatience, expefing nemielves to Ae cold Air iq dM Evening, when diey have cndiuvd a vary hoK Dav. This fud- dn Change from one extreme to the olher has very bad WSk&s tn all Imm Climates. \ Rtliptn.] They generally acknowledge one (bpreme Almighty Bein^^ that created the U&iveHe ; and yet pay him no Manner of Wormipor Adoration, nevdrprayine to him, or giying him Thaqlu fiu* any Thing they enjo^. They believe he is too far exialted ^ye diem to take any Notice of poor Mortals, and therefore pray an4 faoifioe to a Multitude of inferior Deities, of which they have fome ia common to whole Nations} and yet every Man' has a God of hl^ oim chufing befides. ] The chief Deity of the FiJaians is a Serpent of a par^Vu^ar Species^ whofe Bite is not mortal; and to well ufed by his \ bthrie^, that lie fauxe ever attempts to hurt them. .,^' They have alio a grand Temple ereAing in FiJa, dedicated to this Serpent; and a lefler in almoft every Village, with Friefts and Prieft- efts to (delate in them. In this Temple, 'tis find, they always keep a Serpent of a mon« Srous Size, woifliiping the Creature in Perion, and not in Effigy ; sad formerly the king ufed to go on Pilgrimage, with his whole Court, annually, to adore this Serpent ; but of late, deputes a cer- tain Number of his Wives to perform this AA of Devotion in his §lead. The next Things the Fidataiu pay Divine Honours to, are fine lofty Trees and Groves. ^ The Sea is another of their prinapal Gods, to whom they facri- ice, when the Winds and Waves are {o tempcftuow, that no Fo- itira Merchants can vifit their Coaft ; which aiuaily happens in yiify vMAupffi, and fitmetimes in other Months; then they throw in all Manner of Goods^ Meai, Drink, and Cloathing, to appeafe the enraged Element ^ Revelfitiotu and memorable Events, THE Btrtugutfe were the firft Eurtpeam that dilcovered the South* Welt Coaft kX Africa in the i;th Century, and obtained a Grant from the Pope in 1442, of all Countries difcovered or to be fifcovered to the South and Eaft of Cape Bajadmrty which lies on the Weil-fide of AflrieOf In S7 Degrees odd Minutes of North Laitude. I Whereupon me Portugutjt buut Forts and fettled Colonies upon the Weilern Cotft of Africa^ and enjoyed the fole Trade thither and to the tafi- India, fat upwards of an loo Years ; bat the EngUJb and Dmub, aad other Protefbnt Powers* calling in Qucftion the rope's Antho- % of difpofing of six Pag f* Countries, in the i6th Century fent K k 4 their i»* r/'. 0? VINE if.- flattt to th* Coaftof 6«MWb nM> ««Aed fefvial Arts thei») And the ZHtfr^ nuuie tlieai|felvc9 Ma^ o^ the Fort St. Oww MMm, t^ Qi|iM of alt tHP(»«i||«Ki Senkmcvtt oa the (^oA otfnfn Gmatm, ■ Hot wa« the JfkBfmd^ caaunt with cjqpelling the P»rta§a^t from W Coaft, bat feU aficn the £«4^ Settlement alfi> ia the moil ti^eiicbenms Maii|nv>. in a Tim^ ot, full Pea^. ^ the Year i66^ the ^ |;roes, he niade likifelf Matter of feveral Svlijb Forts, and particu- ^rfy of tkit to, which th^y hare given die JName otAmfierdmt (ftill ^ their Pofl^iSon.) Fr<^ thence t)e Jtiytir iailed to the Britifii Co- fiSin JJltuulsin the We/t-IiuSttt whic|i he plnndered and ravaged in a barbarou Manner } but the Court of Bngland made Ibme Reuizalt ^Q after on a Fleet of Htthiders^k^ foirtunately fell into theitlaadi of pur Cruizers in die Channel. The Dufck had before driven us from our Spiee IJknis in the Eaf- Dpu^, and wei(i^ now. end^vouring to mpnopolixe the Gold-Coall : They intended to have broueht fuch a fbrce to Gititum, as fliould bavf fttbdqed the Natives^ and excluded all European Nadons from ^i^Tra^ ; but a War commencing foon after between .the Ma- nd^e Powers* the Dutet were obliged to reftore moft of the Settle- {aents they had robbed, us of in .<^m} and we (till remain in PoA £^011 of them; but %w lonjg we (hall Ibeep them, is a Qseftion, for |be Ertncb feem to be playmg the fanie Game the Dutch did for- merly, encroacl^ng on our Settlements here as well as in the Etift ^Weft'InJits, ZAARA and BILEDULGBRID. Situtttion."] 'Tp^HESB two Divifions Si Africa are fituate between Xl 20 and 30 Degrbef of Noith Lttitude, having UtgrtlanJ, on the South ; Morocco and the Coafl of Bariarff on the North; the unlenown Parts cfjf/ricat on the Ea&; and atJtbftic Ocean, on the Weft , Soil.] It is^ a defart Country, as tHefI^affle6fZ«ani imports, fb deftitute of Water and Provifions, that great Part of the Camek, which form the Caravan that travels from-ra^c« to GKn#ia,are loadca | ^th Water and Necefibries» for the Soyiftance of the People. BHed$Jgtri4/t the apdent Iftmi^, was once toleraluy fruitful, I y^eq it was pofibfTed by an induibipiis Peopir; Uumf Mtimetwu, 1 , > ' , . ' who arr« ffodocetlii XsmMtq live in Ten vheKeFora Pvt of the arafiareei Jloiiit, whn cultivaied* jkmH, the iHvarv 1%e Middle Dj TheSoutheral Other confi ^'^^ and Sat icm; MJMt from iinoft adean hewM diatdy heNe. »rtica- »,(ftiU tiJbCtt- gsdina iprizali BiUandt d-Coaft: is (hould ins from the Ma- le Setde- ^ in Pot Bon, foT did for. the£«/f ZAjfRA^id BJZBDULGERID. '§u nfodncc* little more than ZMra* MmUii^ Pttfk.] The P«o^ wlw aiilMt h «fe JhiJ/, who five ia Tents, and, beinc acqavnicd with the few Springt and Placea vhne Forage is to htmaut pjtdt Ak± Tenu fomeSmes fa one Part of die Cowtrjr, and fookeiimcs in anodieri bat thoMdi theiw; li« ftaree anv Towns: here at prefent, there are Ibme eonMcraUe JlBuis, which lhe# that the Coontrjr has been better khahiied and cultivated, Ct0^^m.} What is moA remaduUe is the Change of Gom- jjinmA, tbm being ftarce any Blacks Nordi «fNigr§iMuft hot wkU JWvebMn porchtftd in Guiniaf and carried to Mtrtcn. p^mt."] There i: a Change of Religion as well as CompIeaDOfti ibt nmfe of Gniiiut and Ntgrekuul being for die moft Put /^mw, abd thoje of fiilfdiiilgm^, Martcct^ and the Coaft of Sarkuy, M^ SKMM* «* ID. between , hating f, on the sports, fit I Cameki I I leaden I froitfiiltl tttaut vho Between Between i MO 3 and It f8 and J6 R O G C O Empire. SHuatUn and Eittait, (wxon.) iN.Ut. 500 Miles in Lengdu 4B0 Miles in Breadth. BOUNDED bv the Struts of Gi^o/lrar, and the t/kdittrftmemn »ea, oft die North ; By the River Uuhiar ^ich divides it from the Kingdom of Algiers, on the Eafl ; by Bibdii^iri/ft South ; and by the Jf/atitic Ocean, Wdt ; and is thrown in^ thfee Grand Dmiions, viss. the Northern Divifion, the hfiddle Divifieftj and die Soudiem Divifion. ProvincciS. l^yifions. mK6itii&rvifion-< FtK The Middle Divifion \Mirte foras better Wheat, Barley, or Rice ; both the Fnact and Spaaiards fetch thefe from the Bmrhan Coaft, when thev have a Scarcity at Home : And our Gorrifons of Gibrt^ar and Ptrt-Mabtm (the latter of which has been taken by the Frtntht after a vifforous Defence made by Lord Blakimy) have been fuppiied with Provifions from the Jfritam Coaft. The Plains of Fm and Morocco are well planted with Olives, and there are no better Grapes for making Wme in the World, as dte Jtwi at TefMH experience ; though the Culdvation of Vines is not encouraged, Wine being prohibited them : However fome of the great Men, who do not nand in Awe of their Priefts, will drink Wine when they can get it, and that prtttv openly. The 7twt alfo diftil Spirits in Barbary ; however, I nnd Sobriety to be ftfll a very advantageous CharaAer among the Turki ; the lefs a Man drinks the more he is efteemed ; and therefore moft of them chafe lo con« Aoe themiclves to Shcrbi-t, Co/Fee, and Onall Liquors} and when they W?l^ have, or «try af- \pamarii Home: )f whkb by Lord Coaft. ves, and as the is not of the ■U drink >w/ alfo a very drinks 10 con* Id when ihcy MOROCCO Empire. 583 they have a Mind to ipto^ckate themfdvet, do it with Ophmu* Be- fides the Fruita already mentioned, they have Dates, Figa, lUifina, Almonda, Apples, Fears, Cherries, Plumfais, Citrons, Lemons, Oranges, Pom^ranates, with Plenty of Roou and Herbs in their Kitchen- Gardens ; and their Plains produce excellent Hemp and Flax. Aa to Foreft-Trees, I find they have but few, and fcarce any good Timber; poffibly their Soil ta not proper for Timber, or they take no Care to preferve it, having very uttle Ufe for they have fome others that are not to be found in the South ofj^ea, particularly Camels, Dromedaries, and that fine Breed of HoHes called Baris, which, for their Beauty and Swifucfs, can fcarce be paraUeled in the World. Nor are their Hories to be admired only for their Beauty and Speed, but their Ufe in the Wars ; being extremely ready to obey their Riders, upon the leaft Sign, in Charging, Wheeling, or Re- thing ; fo that the Trooper has his Hands very much at Liberty, and can make the beft Ufe of his Arms. Tn^.] Their Trade by Land is either with Arabia or Ktgro- \a»i: To Mecca they fend Caravans, confiiling of feveral thouund Camels, Horfes, and Mules, twice every Year, pardy for Traffic, and pardy upon a religious Account ; great Numbers of Pil^Tims taking that Opportunity of paying their Devotions to their great Prophet. The Goods they carry to the Eaft are Woollen ManufaAuies very fine, Morocco Skins, Indigo, Cochineal, and Oftrich Feathers : And they bring back from thence. Silk, Muflins, and Drugs. By their Caravans to Ntgnland they fend Salt, Silk, and Woollen Manufac- tures, and bring back Gold and Ivory in Return, but chiefly Ne- groes ; for from hence it is that their Emperor chiefly recruits hia black Cavalry, though there are alio great Numbers bom in the Country ; for they bring thofe of both Sexes very youne from iVmv- landi tne Females for Breeders, and the Males for Soldiers, as they now up : They firll carry a Muiket, and ferve on Foot, and after fome Tune they are preferred to be Cavaliers : And as ihefe have ao other Hopes or Dependance but the Favour o<' the Emperor, they prove much the moil dutiful and obfc^uious of all his SulycAs i and, indeed, fupport the Prince in his I'vranny over the reft, who would not probably have bom the barbarous Craelties of the two lafl Reigns, if they had not been governed with a Rod of Iron, in the Hands of thefe Negroes. But to return to their Caravans : They always go flrong enough to defend thcmfelves againft the wdld • jkaii 5H MOM OCCO Empit^. Alr^h of die Defiuts fai ^Hea or JJk ; dioag^ notwithfiandf n^ t31 tfadrVigOtnoe, Ibme of the Stranlers and mevate often fidl into their Hands : They are alio forced to load one^alf of their CaneU with Water, to prevent periling with Drought and Thiiil over dioie extenfive Defarts ; and there is fUll a more dangerous Enemy, aoA 6iat is the Sand itfidf ; when the Winds rife» the Caravan is perfedly blinded with Daft; and diere have been Inftances both |n J/riea aind JJlai where whole Caravans, and even Armies, have ly . beak buried alive in the Sands. There is no doubt alfo,. but both Men and Cattle are fometimes furprized by wild Beafts, as well as Robbers, in thoTe vaft Delarts ; but what I had almoft forgot to mendon, tho* I have frequendy fuffered by them myfelf, are the hot Winds ; thele blowing over a long TraA of burning Sand, are equal almoft to die Heat of an Oven, and have deftroyed Abundance of Merdhants and Pilgrims : If it was not for Devodon, or in Expe^b^ tioa of very great Gains, no Man would undertake a Joumev in thele Defitrts; great are the Hazards and Fadgues they muil of Neceffitv undergo; thofe that go to Mecca aflure themfelves of Para- dife if they die, and have uncommon Honours paid them at Qome if diey furvive : People crowd to be taken into the Ei^fttrn Ca^ans ; ana the Gold that is found in the South makes them no lefs eager of underuking that Tourney. Here, as in all other Maiometam Countries, the Jkoran, and their Comments upon it, are their only written Laws ; and their Cadi's, and other Ecclefiaftics, their only civil Maeiftrates; and though thefe feem to be in fome Inftances ccntrouled by the arbitrary De- terminadons of their Princes, Baftiaws, Generals, and Military Offi- cers, yet the latter have a very great Deference and Regard for their Law ; and indeed, if their Princes or Governors are found to defpife and flight their Law in any notorious Inftances, how loyal foerer the Mttri may be in all Cafes where their Religion is not concent- ed, this would be looked upon as a fufficient Ground for renoundng their Authority. The preient Emperor, by his Drunkennefs, whkh their Law forbids, has loft the Hearts of the beft Part of his Subjefts, and is maintained on the Throne purely by the Power of his Nifn Troops. Morder, Theft, and Adultery, are generally puniflied with Death; and their Punifhments for othfr Crimes, particularly thofe againfi the State, are venr cruel ; as impaling, dragging the Prifoner thro' the Streets at a Mule's Heels till all his Flem is torn off*; throwins him from a high Tow*r upon Iron Hooks ; hanging him upon Hooks till he dies ; crucifying him againft a Wall ; and indeed the Punilhnient, as well as Condemnation of Criminals, is in a Manner Arbitrary. The Eittperor, or his fiaftiaws, frequently turn Execudoners, (hoot th« Offender, or cut him to Pieces with their own Hands, or commaad othen to do it in their Prefence. $h^i%.\ '^be^ have no Shipping to carry on a Foreign TnM by Sea, but the iurtp$ant bring them whatever they want fran Abroxd \ as Linnri^ and Woolea Cloth, Stuffs, Iron, wrought anii { unwrovgh^i M'Q JSk OfC C O Empiitt SM uBWTOUgkj^ Armi, Gunpowder, Ijuti, and dw like ; for wluch f^ttf oke inHetani, CqmbI. Wax, fiidn, ilAr«r« Uather, Wool, (wUcl^ B veiy fine) Qtim, ^b^'g, VSa^ Aimaadt, |uid other Fniitt, Feret/.] As to thdr Military Forces, it is compated tkat die black Saflry and In&iftn ip nip^ amout to le6tl)aB 40,oooltlco» foA e A^f r^ Horfe u^. R^t may be as many. . As to their Slupgingy Captain Shtttvuut rdatet, dut when he wat there in the Vear 1727, t^eir whole nairal Forc^ confifted \nit of tw9 Twen^ Gun Siliip^ die bi^^ not above aoo Torn, and 9,?rmh ^ieand^ they had uken, with Tome fiw Row-Boats : and yet wit^ (ltew»^Nnpg ml of l^en, diey ifloe om from StJU uAMamtrmf whkl| tie in the Atltaak Ocewi, near the ^truti IM^uth, and make Pri^* 91 neat Nomben of Chri^ian Merchant-Ships, carrying t^nr ""'ftjraMf ucws into CapdJrity. Keii«mMt'\ Thefe »rife either from the Labonr of the Hnftandaw, and the Frmts of the Earth ; or by Duties npon Goods imported and cxporfied. The Emperqr has a Tenth of all Com, Catde, Fruits, and Produfx of the Soil, as wdl as of die Captives ; and a Tcndi of all (he Pripses that are taken. fttjtms mml Haiitt.] The Mttn, or Nad vet of this Country, are of tke fame Complexion as the Sfsmim-di on the oppofite Shores ; thoie dist are expowd to the Air a litt'e tawny, but the reft as fiur as £«- r^a$i. But there have been fnch Moltitndes of Negroes introduced fram Guituat efpedally near MefuiiuK, where the Court rdides, that yoH fee almoft as many black as white People. The Emperor hai ibrty Thouiand Negroes in his Army, 'tis (aid, and here the Negroes tcfidC' with their Families. The Empioor's Mother was a Negro,-and he himiielf of a very dark Complexion ; they are generally of a good Stature, but have dw iamt flncking Features as other Negroes have. The Habit of a Mocr is a Linnen Frock or Shirt next his Skin, a Veil of Silk or Cloth tied widi aSafh, a Pair of Drawers, a loofe Q»t, his Arms bare to the Elbow, as well as his Legsi Sandals or %pers on his Feet ; and for .-times People of Condition wear BuA Uns i they (have their Heads and wear a Turbant, which is never polled off be(bre their Superion, or in their Temples ; diey exprefa their Reverence both to God and Man, by putting off their Slippers, li^h they leave at the Door of the Mofque or Palace, when the/ cater either; and when thev attend their Prince in the City, they nm b«e-foot after him, if the Streeu are ever (b dirty ; their Tur- bsBts are of Silk or 6ne Unnen. The Habit of a Woman is not very diflferent from that of a Mao, except that (he wears a fine Linnen C'oth or Caul on her Head, infic&d of a I'urbant, and her Drawers are much larger and longer than the Men's. The Women alfo, when they go Abroad, have a I linnen Cloth over their Faces, with Holes ia ittbr their Eyes lika ItMalk. Fmnuturt.} $ii MOROCCO ^ttipiie: firnuiMrt,1 They have neither Wainfeot nor Hanffiigi j nelthif Beds; Chairs, Stool^, Tables, norPittares ; they Ikep omq a Mattrelt on the Floor, which» in the Honfes of Peiibnt otQjulatf, is coveted l^tli Cai{)ets. Fan/J] Their Meat is all boHed and roafied to Rags, (b that Aey can pqll it to Pieces with dieir Fillers ; and diis is very ncoeflBvy, becao^-they nfe neidier Knives nor rotks ; bat having waflwd Aat Hands, every Man tucks dp his fleeves, and putting his Hand into the Difli; takes up ahd fqaeet^ -together a good Handfbl of all 'the In- gredients, as much a« his Month will hud. Their Cupi and Di/hes arrof Bntit, Pewter, Earth, or Tin, the Law prohibiting their nfing Gold orlSilver VefTelsr and as Wine alfo is forbidden, they drink stodnng bnt Water, ibmetinies mixing it with Honey. Tmfir.] The Mcert are (aid to be a covetous, unho(pitable People, intent upon nothing but heaping up Ridies, to c^tain which they will be guilty of the meaneft Things, and flick at no manner of Fraod. The j/rmis alfo have always had the Chara£ier of a thievifli ulferiBg Generation. The Pecnplc who inhabit tha Hills, and who h^ve the leaft to do with the Court or with Traffic* are much the honefteft People amongft them, and iUll retain a good de^ of Libet^ and Freedom, the Government ufing them rather as Allies than Snb- je£ls, left they flionld entirely diibwn their Authority. But to proceed in the Charaaer of the Miters ; they are obferved with all their bad Qualities, to be very dutiful and obedient to their Parents, their Princes, and every Superior. Wwmn 0md Mttrriaga.l. A Plurality of Wives and Concubines ii allowed here as in other MabomeiaH Countries ; nor do they con£Be themfelves to Women, but keep Boys as they do in Turkp ; on the other Hand, the Woman who conunits Adiutery is puniflied widi Death ; bnt it is not difficult for her to obtain a Divorce if ihe is ill ufcd. Fmurals.] The Corpfe is carried to the Grave in the ufual Drefi, the Priefts Hnging before it. La ilia Jtt iOa Mabemit Rtfeul jSk, Qod is a great God, and Mahomet his Prophet. HeligioH. The Inhabitants of Morotn are Maiomttantt of tke Se£t of Holy, and have a Mufti or High Prieft, who is alfo the Si* preme Civi) Magiftrate, and the laft Refort in all Canfes Ecclefuiftiail and Civil ; and the reft of the Clergy who perform Divine Service I in their Mofques are the only fudges in their Provinces and gtcst Towns, except in Matters uf State and Military Affairs, wnere the great Officers and Governors of Towns take upon them to pafi Sentence, and fbrnetimes controul the Civil Magiftrate, and, indeed, arbitrarily imprifon, and put Men to Death often without any Ttyal or Form of Juftice. fiefidci tiieir Molla's or Priefts, they have their Marabouts, or Mabomtian Hermits, for whnm they have fuch a Veneration, that I if a CumiiK-d con efcape to their Cells, the Officers of JulUce cannoti fcize him, ai llefe iMhrIk nxbtoe Irei are pkproftrate Ndiwithfia, «»gner9 the : vety Slaves to per Com, twei pence Sterling M lt& by ^ who have alwa and when they ^ are recou which they gaii iag, the light I Cnn is a Z)«n I line Shillings S Moidoie. Men ■ake a Ducat i I "Mnment, 'tis fi ' fa" » Ducat. R TTHE Coal •dboiirKiS". npdued, or mac jwng weary of tl ^»^I*. Thei n>t>lthe/^«r4W/, «H». The lUm4 I'BM theCoafto ■rir Domim'on ni ■ ■■I'e «n entire ( Omtury, and div Je Sovereign of ««th.wfift Part Q fe? «b« Name f"CJpittl, audi, J J{Jh« Kingdom! IMW' Their Ancc p/«/«iathe£i» [Junta the fixJk ^'•00 the Sun f«rr/ in Sfa IDrefi, of the theSi- rftaitol Servkcl wnerel top^l iodeedil |»yTnfiI| 3tttS. « JO, tktt ie cannot fciu MOROCCO Empire. 527 ftice him, and die Saint freqttently obeuM a r»don for himj boc llefe iiohr Men; I pereave, ^ulUffy ^vet and ConcabitiM, and iodotoe frcooently in dl the Pleafufes the World affords j tbo' there are oiSien uat condemn diemfelTes to great Aofieritiesy and thePeo- pk jpn^rate themfelves before, them. Ndiwitlifbmding thrtfmtives are ^Mltm^MuftAiitn^ (hey aKdtvFo- reigners the free ind open Profeffion of their Religion, and dieir nrf Shivet to have their Priefts and Chapels in the capital City. Cmnir.) tlw Coins of this Empire are, «. A Una, a imidll Cop« per Coin, twenty whereof make a Slmmmil, of the Valoe of Tw6- pence Sterling. A. Blan^mL is a little Sihrer Coin, whi^h is made m leis by xke Jnut dipping and filing it. The Mmri, therefore, who have always Scales in their Pocktes, . never fiul to weigh them; sad when thejr arc found to be much diminiihed in their Weight, Aey are recoined by the Jeeos, who are Matters of the Mini, by wbch they gain a confiderable Profit, as diey do alfo by estehang- iag the light Pieces for thofe that are full Weight. Their Gold Coin is a Dueatt refembling the Ducat of fbmgary, wordi about line Shillings Sterling, add they ufually give three of ^em for 4. Mmdore. Merchant*^ Aceompts are kept in Ounces, ten of which ittke a Ducat in Merchants Accompts ; but in Payments to the Go- mnment, 'tis fiud, they will reckon feventeen Ounces and an half fir aDacat. RpoohttioHS and mmorahk Events, THE Coaft of Barbary was probably firft planted by the EgjMimu\ the Pbtmtitpu afterwards fent Colonies thither ■d boik U/f M and Ctfff ^wv, and findings the Country divided into s great many little Kingdoms and States, the Cwttbapmam vnSixtt fabdued, or made the Princes on that Cmdl their THbntaries, who' betne weary of the Cattbaginitm Yoke, affifted the J^mmim in fubduing Ztrutagi. The Remaiu remained Sovereigns of the Coaft of Bmrian BBtil the Fmtlaitt in the fifth Century, reduced it under their Domi- nion. The It»mmi, or rather the Gndan Emperors, however reco- rered the Coaft of Barkuy from the Ftuulalt, and it remained under ikcir Dominion until the Saracen Caliphs, the Succeflbrs of Mattmtt, wade an entire Conqoeft of all the North of J^riea in the feventh Omtury, and divided the Country among their Chiefs, of whom the Sovereign of Mr^f was the moft confiderable, poReffing tho North'Weft Part of diat Country, which in the Rtmmn Dtvifion ob- lldned the Name of Mamri/ama Tingitama, from Ti^gis or Taagir lb Capital, and is now ftiled the Empire of Mtrten, comprehend- ■I the Kingdoms or Provinces of fm^ Af«rfrr», and Sum, Thefe WMron are almoft always at War with the SpamariU and P§rtm- piw. Their Ancefton, indeed, made a Conqueft of the gnateft Part of $/«£> in the Eighth Century, and were not entirely driven out of |il until the fixteenth Century; and by the Articles granted the "I, on the Surrender of Gramadat they were to have enjoyed 'ftattt in Sfaiti, and the free Exercife of their Religion, but the 5»% Af,(^Jl^RS JUi^g!49i|ii|r JAtn 'muA with tkdr Brethren on tne thfe^il^ Obaib, ctffSed tuaaikovba^ d CSiytmlgr, tpdawiMwr^i peip^ War Mik ixtti. 4 L o f ir^ s l6ooMil«9uiLeagtk. .,] 490 MUwia Breadth. 'J BOUNDED by the Mt£terraneaii Sea» on iSoA Norths hy Uw lUver GtuubJitarhtrt or Zam« which dividM it fiom f m pn JM M • by. the ^onth Side of Mount jUm, whidi divides it mm iMJu^idt on the South { and by the Ri««r Uuhiim, «r Mdvm, whiEh liividiR it bom Mireee*, «a the Weft. Divadfldimn thneFaiti'4iiPvp«iBce«. . Di^lfMntf. . Middle Divifion —I ^'""^^ EdlDirifion -^|c«s/?. 'aiUiMm l^vin^t. Chief tpwos, OtM. Jl^iert, E. Lbn. ]. to. N. Lat. 36-40. Sugia CM/fsHtmi. r.] h h Maeraliy a moantainons Conairy; the nak confideraUe Chain of Mountuna are thoTe of Monnt Jtku, on dw South* which extend from Eall to Weft » bat are not. Dr. Sitm ob. fervrs^ of ifaat extraordinary Height or Bigneft, as has been attri> bated t» ihmi ^ Antiquity : . Thi^ pan: no wheie ftand in Competi* ti«a wkh thoi ^». .or JffpmmMt, l£ we concciMic a Number of Hilb oTiMdly of ihc perfendieolv Height of $ or 6eo Yards, with an esijf Aicien^ and ievera) Qnru of Auit and Foreft Trees» riSnjt up ii I nSttoopllan «f JUngaaonn behind aaotherr and if to this ProtpcA{ wf h«nn.«94 -Ibere add a rocky Precinke of » feperior Bminanos, and difipik. Aeoefi* and plaoe on the Side or SoaHDit of it, a Mad' waU'd Daftkrath. or ViU^ of the XMi, wo flnU have a joft sail hMf Idea of thde Mountains. The Seft>Coaft of (Ct$i/laMHfM il|» AJgiens Qi, ^ tbe Side i wansareduec *'*'**» ftrene Taawbeti.3 and thirty Fadi loond about a Coantry-Seats, nagtheSumme «aaed by a Va ■ •«»wi cne^oailo |rl* [rpUm, Cap Y^*pe Metf/tK. I Air mnj Wiml,: Ipatc. neither too If »-?« Winds an I?* ^o«h) to the IJd become the m p/botandvioien Ijnafer five or fw wfeexceffively ( ttMbitanu are ohi *^«ter. ^» i* feldon koov Algiers Kingdom: 51$ If voj fliooBtuiioas and rddnr ; aad hen k atjr be praper to pvk feaicAeco«t«ftheGiijrof^Mr«< and dte Capital of die KinfMii^ lod of the adjacent Coantry. Algicn O9. Ml «i# AJNKMi^ CiiN^.] tht Ckjr of J«j{Nr« BcA M the Side of a Moaatain, nd» rifiog gradaaUjr Inmi dM SImp^ ffipears to ^reat Advaatage, a* we approack k ftooi the Sea ) tki Walls are thice Miles (Dr. Shmw lays a Mile afld a half ) in Circom. fcrence, ftreofthened, on die Bank-Sidc, by BaAkM, and rqnara Towers bctamen dwm : The Port is of an abkn« Firae, in !iabdrcA and thirty Fathom long, and eighty broad. The Itills and Valliea rannd aooot Jlgitr$ wtt every wMe beaotifol with Oavdens and Coontry-Seats, whither Ae Inhabitants of better Fafluon retire da» riflg the Snmmcr-Se^m. The Coohtry-Seatt are litde white Hoofin, (haded by a Variety of Froit-Trees and Ever-Oreens. whereby they alford a gay and delightfbl Proipeft towards the Sea;, tiie Gar- dens are well flocked wmi Melons, Proit, and Pot-heibs of dl Kindt | and, what is chiefly regarded in thefe hot Climates, each of than enjoys agreat Command ofWattr, fitMn many Rivtthsts and Ponn- uias. TImb Towns conuins^ according to the ume Writer's Compa- ttdon, two ihoaihnd Chrilliaa Slaves, meen thoafand Jtwst and onii hundred thonlandJMiaieswMMy l*"^ become the moft frequent { the foutherly Winds, Which are nftf^ rprojyeftliilf hot and vi<4ent, are not frequent at Algier$ 1 they blow Ibilie- aincncsiltiawsfbr five or fix Days together^ in^a^and Amuft, rendering th« aM*^l^^* exceffively foffbcating, that^ daring their Continuance, tbo inft aailjahabitanu are obliged 10 ^rinkle the Floors of their Honfes with a)f»pVater. It is fcldom known to nun in this Climate during the Summer- L 1 Seafon; Ifd AL G I E RS Kingdom; Seafen ; and ia moft Parts of the Satrm, ' or Defiut Ott die 8oad[ •f JIgitn, paitkahrlx ia the Jtmd, ^btj have fardjF aaqr Rita at all. • i PrHbut.l Thftte is butoae Kiad of Wheat and Baiiev cahivatd ia this Countty ; ia fome Diftrifts, where they have a Coaanaad of Water dariag the Suaimer Seafon, the Natives caltivate Rke, /mKot Cora, aad particularly a white Sort of Millet» which the JrtAt call DriAt and prefer to Bariey for the fttteaing of their Catde : Oats are not caltivaied at all by^ the Jn^, the Homs of this Conatiy feediog altraether up<» Barley. Tne Mttri aad Araks contiaoe to tread oat their Com, after the primitive Cofiom ia the Eaft ; after the Graia is trbddea oa^ they wiaaow it by throwing it ap ia the Wind with' Shovels^' lod^i^ it 91. lehvards in Mattamores, or fabterrancous Ma^zines. . Of Roots. Pot Herbs, aad the Frnits of this Cooatry, there is aot only a ereat Plenty aad Variety, but a CoQtiatiattce or €ncceffion, at kaft, of one Kind or other, throaghoat die wlwie Year. . Ther6 are great Nombers of Palin-Trees in this Couatry, alfo AI- mond-lYees, Apricots, Plambs, Cherries, Mulberries, Ap^ei pean, Peaches, Ne^rines, Ponimr h« ads by lus ibk Anthoritx wh«iitfcr he pkafet. The Pejr It indeed cleAive ; the Son never inbertu by |>cicent, and his Ele£bM irby the Turhjk Amy": Thofe who have no Relation «> the Swon^ have nothing to do in die ElcAion. There are freqiicndy levcral Cap- didaiet named apon a Vacancy, and. when they have fixed i^on one, they all cry oat, A/Uk Bsritk, God proTper yoa, and Ihowcr dow» hit BIcffiagf up(m you t ai^ whedier the rerion it willing to ac^cpC fhe Hoooat or not, he it inmediately invefted with die Canan or Root of SovereJBQQr ; then the Cadi it called, who declares that God baa voqchiafeato call him te UieGoveromcatof that Kingdom; andthac he it to maintain hit Sofajeds in their Liberties and Properdcs, ai(d duly adminifte^ Juftice to tbemi and exhorts him to employ his utmoft Care lor the F»>fperity of his Country 1 and 'tis faid« he fiu daily, adminiftring Jnftice from Five in the Morning till Noon, and from One till Four ; hearing and determiaing all Caufes that are broaghc before him, widmnt any Aflbciates or Affifiants, but four Secreunet. Moreover, Mattert rebmpg to Lands of Inheritance, to Religion, or the Brcadbes of their EcSefiaftical and Civil Laws, (which are the iaine among the Turks) are determined bv the CatS'i, or Ecckfiaftical Judges ; fo that th« Caafei determined by the Dty, feem to relate chiray to the Government of the State and the Militia, or to perfonal Debts, and other controverted Matters, for which the jUchwrnn has inade no Provifion ; his Judgments are arbitrary, not regulated bpr Laws ; nor is there any Appeal from his Tribunal } bat, as the Milt- taiy Men do not only elea their Sovereign, but depofe, or put him 10 Death, whenever Oiey apprehend, he does not oonfult their Intereft, he is obliged to be very cautious in every Decree he nukes. Of the fix Dffi that have reienedfince the Years 700. four have Uen mwdered, and a fifth lefigncd his Government to fav« his Lilir. The Want of Socccfs, in any Inftanoe, ahnoft infidliUy occafions a Rebellion} and 'ris well if the D9 it not facrifioed totheFury of the Jtaisarkt, and another deded, u whofe Hands they hope their Af- nurs will pnfpcr better. ThcGrmulSsim»r had, till very lately, a Bafliaw always refiding at Jlgitrs, to whom he exposed the Dtf and his SubjcAs flionld pay a great Rq^ 1 but finding hit Authoriqr flighted, and that they would not permit hit Balhaw to intermeddle in their Afiairs, or even allour kirn a Vote in dieir Divan, he was pleafied to confiitutc the Dt]t him- iilf hie B^^kmu, that he might feem ftill to retain fome Authority over FmttA The whole Force of Al^m, in 7mrk$ and CtUrHtSt it (omputea at prefent to be about fix Thoufand five Hundred t two Thouiand whereof are fuppofed to be old, and exctifed from D^ty ; •ad, of the fear Thooiand five Hundred that remain, one ThoufHnd are conftantly employed in relieving annually thefa* Garriibns, whilft the reft are either te arm out their Cruisers, or elfe form the three Flying Camps, which are fent out every Summer, under the Com- mad of the Pkoviacial Viccroyt : To the 7«ri'> Troop.- we may LI a joia S|l 'A LG i £ RS Kingdom; jeiqaboQttwoduMifiuKl ZwKiiM^, at die M&fr^ Horib ukl Foot ard called } yet nocwithftanding thefe art k^ in conftant Pay, and may' be fappofed to augment the Nomben of Soldien, bang dl of tbem bereoitary Enemiei to the Tmrii, they are little confiderod in thereat Safe^ard and Defence of the GoYemment: The Method thdrefbte th.it 18 obferved in keeping this large and popnloos Kingdom in Obe> flience, is not fo moch by Force of Arms, as by difigently obfierving ^e old political Maxim, " DiviJt mJ etmaumd^ for the Pfotincid Viceroys are very watchful over the Motions of the ., keeping more at Home, preierve their Beauty till they are Thirty, at whidi Age they are ufually p«ft Child* bearing ; itfometimes happens that one of thefe Girls is a Mother at Eleven, and a Grandmother at TwoandTweiitjr. -' Iht Arab Women make the Cl(>av:hing and Fornitore for the Fa* mily, particularly their Hykcs, or Woollen Blankets i and die Webs of Goats Hair for their Tents. -The Burnc/ej which is a Cloak or Mande, is alfo made I^ thofe women ; many of the Arais go bare headed, binding their Temples with a narrow Filt^t, to prevent their Hairs being troublefome ; bat the Moin and Turks, and wealthier Areh wear Caps or Tnrbants. GtHtm.] No ObjeAion can be made againft the natural Parts and Abilities of th^fe People, which are certamly fubde and ingenious only Time, Application, and Encouragement; are wanting to cultivate and improve them. Few Peifbns will either admit of Advice or Medicine, believing is AriA and abfolute Predeftiaation ; whilft others, who are lefs fupcr- titioos, prevent the Aflifiance of bodi, by their illCondu^ andMa- i aagement ■igcaieo^ as they call I Nathern ia twenty T The^r«^ condnued R4 Abroad, ^[ '^taodrci ielifh at alf with his Wif; Us Horfe, fo . A Moroen wRomoMt, tl Bmpire again, furkt, who en whofe Dtfj arc ^tween { Between ) MoantiSrAt,, Sg Divifions. Nordi Divifion Soitth Divifion - Moumtatnt.') & ' ^iW/.J The That of the C^, *»to^M*di terra Baye, aniCatt, »»5ayorLakc( T U N IS Kingckwh. 5)3 Bigeaieat, leaviog all to the Strength of Natore, orelfe to i^fartmeb, uthejr call Charms and Enchabtmeoti. Nathcr numeral Arithmetic* nor Algebra, are knowa to one Perfoa iocweatfThOttlaAti. The JrtA ibllowi no regular Trade or Emnloynient, bit Life is oat continaed Roond of (dlenefs or piverfion i wnen no Paftime calls him Abroad, l^e ddth nothing all the Day hat loiter at Hohie, fuioak hit friftt and reiwle himfdf under fome neighboarine Shade. He hath no Relifli at au for domeftic Plejdfu^es, ami is rarely known to converfe inth his Wife, or play with his Cldldren ; what he valoes above iXi is his Horfe, for in ^s he places his highdl Satis£i£tion. RerjolutioHs and mmerable Events, Atntrt, Tuais, and Tripoli, underwent the lame Revolutbns that M9rt€t9 did, being fubdJed by the Cartbagimmut afterwards by die RotHms, then by the Famdmi* ; reftored afterwards to the R%mmm Empire asain, then conauered by the Saracens, and afterwards by the fjirti, who ereAed the tnree Kingdoms of Jlgiir$, Tmiiit and Trift/i, whofe Dtfs are Sovereigns of theie Territories at this Day. TUNIS Kingdom. Situation and Extent, 1 Between Between I i 6 and II 30 and 37 I' 1« Lon. ► Being « 400 Miles in Length. 250 MiUs ia Breadth. t$MMdarits.] T% O U N D E D by the Mtditerrantati, on the North • Jjl by the fame Sea, and Tripoiit on the Eaft; by Meant ifrAtf, South; usAAt^St Weft. Divifions. Provinces. Chief Towns. {TiMii Proper —— 1 f 7«»w, ELon. lo^ N. W Lat. 36-20. 3 ^ Car/^«;f Ruins. Sooth Divifion — Bugia " Ftftma,, Moamtmmu'\ Some Branches of Mount Atla$ run thro' this Country. Xfvrr/.l The Rivers are, i. GvadV/^Ar^ar already mentioned. t» That of the C<^// or Capitla. ^.Magmrada, which difcharges itfelf into the Mtiiurramian near the Ifland of GcUtta. SmtM and Capet A The chief Bays as thofe of the ancient Cartbargt^ Ao Bay or Lake of Tunis, and the Culph of Sidra. LI 3 The 534 fVl^ IS Kingdom; The chief Capes are thoie of Bi/itrta, Caribagit Bmm, MnearM, uA Rtxatim. Bagnio's:'] The Bagnio's of 7unh and 7riftU are as elegant and commodious as any in Tmrity. Soil and ProJucf.] It is generaUy a verv barren Soil i but there ar^ Ibme fruitful Vallies, producing Corn, Oii»and Grapes, and no Coun- ttyt is more proper for Silk, as they abound in Mulberry-Trees. Among their Ar uials they have a prodigious Nomber of Camels and fine Horfes. Manufaanrtt and TraffcL} They encourage fcarce anyManafac tores, but fu'pply themrelves with what they want chiefly by their Py. ncies, and Robberies of honell Merchants that happen to fall into jtheir Hands. The Emrtftans, that are at Peace with them, import from hence Corn, Oil, Wool, Soap, Dates, Oflrich Feathers, and Skins : but the People of 7«M/i get more by the Labour or Ranfom of the Slaves they take, than by any other Article. The ytwi^ lyvho are very numerous at 7«»/i, have a ereat Share of the Trade. ' The City of Tumi the Capital, is fituate in a fine Plain, near the Banks of a fpacious Lake, almoft oppOfite to the Ifland of Sidfy in Europi, and about thy-ty Miles South of the Ruins of Cartbagi : It is furrounded by an antique Wall and Towers, about three Miles in Circumference. Their Bagnio's are the moft elegant and commodious Buildings in the City. It muft be vafHy populous, if what a late Tra^ veiler relates be true, namely, that there are no lefs than fifteen thou< fand licenfed Harlots in the City, exclofive of their Concubines. Among the Ruins of Cartiagt, there ftill remain foac of thofe fpacious Ctfterns, or Re(ervoirs for Water, which ufed to be -fupplied by arched Aqueduds, that brought it out of the Country above thirty Miles ; Part of thefe Aquedufts are ftill remaining, being thirty- five Feet high. The City ftood on a Feninfula on an elevated Situation, therefore was very eauTdy fortified ; bqt there is no freih Water near it, which was the Reafon of their being at that Expence to bring Water to the City. There is ftill remaining in the Kingdom of Turns, about fifty-Milet South of the Capital, a Roman Amphitheatre, whereof four Parts in five are ftill entire ; it is of an oval Figure, three Stories high, and would cont»//, E. A »4-30 L 33-30 Doer0, Loo. N.Laf, Menvtahs.] The Branches of Mount jitUu extend to this Conntry, bnt I meet with no Rivers of any Note. The Ctimater the People, then- Government, Religion, and Caf- toms, are the fame in friptii Proper, as in J/gitrt ; only here the 6ra«^5;j^n/0rhas aBaihaw, who coIleAs an annual Tribute, bnt he has nothing to dp in appointing the Dey, or Sovereign, who is chofen by the Tu^i/b Soldiers, and depofed by them when ever they 'do not 4>prove his Adminiftration. Thefe Turkijb Soldiers that govern this txtenfive Country are not more than three or four thou(and, though diey have a great many hundred thoafand Mitn and jfrah under their Jarifdi£Uon. Soil and ProJueeJ] Their Country is one of the richeft in Barhary. the Vallies producing Corn, Grapes, Olives, Silk, and all Manner 01 Fruits and Plants proper to a warm Climate, where it is cultivated, except that extenfive Defart of Barea, the ancient Cyrentt which ia BOW truly a Defart, icarce a Town or a ciltivated Spot of Ground in it. The Twks of Tripoli, like thofeof A/gierr and ?«»//, are an aban- doned Race, copfiiling of Pirates, B^ditti, and the very Refufe 6f furiy i who have been forcqd to leave their feveral Countries to avoid the Punifhment of their Crimes, and do not differ in any RefpeA from thofe of Join's and Tunit, only they are not fo powerful as the 4^« gtrinet. And here it will be expelled I fliould give ibme Account of the Rife and Eilablilhent of thefe pyratical Kingdoms ot A/giirj, Ttuiis, and Tripoii, on the Co^ of Barhaty, of which I have made the following^ Epitome. . The Moorj of Sp^in, having been difpoflfefled of their Country, after the Lo(s of GraaaJa, which happened about the Year 1492, L 1 4 wbea 5|6 TRIPOir, mduaing BARS J, when ftrdinmui and tftbtUm were opon the Thi«M of Sftim ; and beiag obliged to renounce their Rebgion, or tranfport thoafelves to the Coaft of Barharjt many of them chofe to go into Exile i bnt to revenge thenfelres on die SfammrA, and fcppl/ their Ncceffitia (having loft all they had in the World) dicjr conedaated with the Mabmittm Prince* on the Coaft of BturUrft fitted oot little Fleets of craifing Ve^ls, too|c all tl|e j>«in|f^ Kf erchaaf Ships they met with at Sea, and being well acqaaintecTwidi tbe Coontry, landed in SpatM, and broaght away Multitudes ofSpmimrtb, and taiAt Slaves of them. The Spaniarit theicspon aflembled.a Fle^t of Men of War, in. ▼aded Barbary, and having tal^en Or«r, and many other PUoes on the Co^ ofjlgitrst were in a fair Way of making an entire Coq. Sieft of that Couiitrv. In this Diftrefs^the AMcm Princes applied einfelves to that umous Turii/b Rover, Btrimreja, defiring his Affilia^ce >|gainft the Chriftians, which he very readil) afibrded them i but bad no fooner repulfed their Enemies, than he uforoed the Go« iremnent of Jlgiirst and treated the People who callea him in as Slaves ; as his Brother Htyrmdin Barhmnfft afterwards did the People of TisMi. and a third obtained the Government oiJriftii by the Uke Means ; in which Ufurpations they were fbpjported by the ue Gmi Bignht, who claimed the Soverdgnnr of the whole QOaft, and fat fome Time they were efteemed SabjeAs-of Tmrity, and governed by Turi^ Saihavs or Viceroys; but each ofthefe Sutes, or rather the Military Men, at length took upon them tp cle£l a Sovereign of their own Body, and rendered themfelves independent of the TurJU/b Empire. The Grftnd Siguier has Qot To nioch as i| Ba(haw or Officer at J'iieri, but the Dey ads as an abiblu te Prince, only liable tp be depoied by the Soldiery that aUvanced him. Thefe States ftill continue to prev upon the Spami»rdt, having never been at Peace with them fince the Lofs pf Grmnmda. Tliey make Prize alfo of all other Chriftian Ships that ^ave ^panijh Good* or PafTengers on Board* and indeed of aU pchers tliat ^rc not at Peace with them. AFRICAN ISLANDS. Divifions. Iflands. ^ Zoctlora Chief Towns. n BaMmantU!, North E aft Divi. iBtihlmenJ.l, and lion '■■ ' ■ I the Iflands in the f l J ^r^Sea Jt "J Ma.iugaf{ar — ^ C St. AmjUn ^outh Eaft Divi- I C»wrrr<» Iflands — \\j»mmui jioii. r^*«rf»< Dtmi^gf PalmM Santa Craz, fPsi/wui, W,LoiLik N. L«t. a8. St. Cbrijlofitr'% Orstavia* Ftrti ytmtmr*'^ — ^LmactrttM I V !/ J Tht firft Meridian was till lately fixed at fivw, the moft wefterlv of thefe Iflands, bat now etrery Nation makes thek own Capitd the iirft Meridian. Hadtirs Iflands^l ^^^^'Js'^^^I^ ] { ''-'*'''^- ^"'^ rSt.Mitbtttl — ; — St.Marft — — Ttrctrm ■ ■ -— N. Lat. 3a-3j. Thc^^fMare,— -^ iirmtiifa • ■■ j St.Giorgt m— — — P*V» >< if«/r«, W, Lon.27. N. Lat. «Q. ZMt/«r«.] Zteotera ii fituate in the /«//«• Ocean, E. Lon. j;j. N. Lat. I a. 30 Leaf^ues Eaft of Cape Ganltfoi, on the Continent of Africa. It it about 80 Miles long, atnl 54 broad, and has two pretty good Harbouri in it, where Ships put in ibmccimes when they low their Paflage to India ; it being a plentiful Country, and affording fnch Fruits and Plants u are ufuallv found within the Tropics } aa alfo Frankincenfe, Gum-tragant, ana Aloes. BaMmandtl] Bah, Qr Bahtimandel, is Qtoate In E. Lon. 44-30. N. Lat. 1 2. It commands the Strait at the Entrance of the RtiSta 1 and prefcrves the Communication between Ethiopia and Arabia ; on which Account it was formerly furioufly contended for by the Bthi: fjam and Ara^iam i othcrwife it is of vtry little Value, being a barren, pndyi Spot of £arth, not five Miles round. Camrra.y «3« AFRICAN ISLANDS. Ctmmrp.'] Comrra lOands are fituate between 41 ud jS Dcg. B. Lon. and becwecii to and 14 S. Lat. equail)' dnUnt from Mmdaga/ctw and the Consent ofjlfnca, of which joama is the Chief, Being about 30 Milei long, and i; hroad, and afiotding Plenty, of Provifioas, and fucti Froits ns arc prodaCfd between the-Trqplcs. Emft-hdLt Ships, bound to Bombay, ufualiy touch Jure for Rcueibnienta. The People are Negroes, ot the MeJnmfttm Religion, mA. entertain our Seamen with great Humanity and Hofpitality. Mauritm.] Maiirie«, Or Kauritmt Ifland, is fituate E. Lon. ;6. S. Lat. aa in the Indiatt Ocean, about 400 Miles -E. of MoJtgafmr. It was fubjeA to the Outcbt who named it Maurict in Honour of their Stadtholdcr, but is now poflefl«d by the Frtncb. It is of an oval form, about 150 Miles in Circwnference, a mountainous Country, *WelI cleathed wiih good Timber of fever but the Engli/h did not think fit to pLtnt it ; whereupon the French took Poflcflion of it in the Year 1664, and it ferves them for a Place of Refreihment in their Voyage to liidiu ; but there are no good Harbours in the Ifland. Mada^afcar.'] Madagaftar is fituate ill the Indiatt Ocean, berueea 43 and ^1 Deg. E. Lon. and between 12 and 26 S. Lat. 300 Miies South-Eaft of the Connnent of Africa^ aud is near a thoufiind Milci long, from Nurth to South, and three hundred Miles broad in the broadeft Part. Ztil and Predute.] It is a fruitful Country, abounding in Com, , Cattle, and moft of the Neceflaries and Conveniencies of Life ; and afibrds an agreeable Variety of Hills and Vallies, V'oods and Cham- paign, being well watered by Rivers, but has not any Merchandiie that will induce the Enrouant to fettle Colonies here 1 however, tn> ding Ships furniih themlelvei with Negro Slaves, and (omt Ivory, at liadagnjear. The People are of difiereat Complexions, and different Religions { there is a tawny Race of Arahiam, who are Mah^nutam. The Mr. r»et arc generally Paeans. The Ifland is divided into a Muldtude of tttle Kingdoms and States, none of them very powerful. A very the Pirati.] The famous Engliji Pirate Avtry made the North Part of this Iflitrtd the Station lor his piratical Fleet, witk avhich he in failed the Indian Seas ; and it being coajeAured, that he dcfii'ied to ufurp the Sovereignty of that Part of the Iflaad* >a the i JFRICAN ISLANDS. 53!^ die Tear 1699, Commodore fFarrem was fent with five Men of War to M«d^a/car, to eodeavonr to difpoflcfi him { bat he m^ntained his Poft, and the Commodore, having vifited ImHa literwarda, re- turned to Burefi without effc£king any Thing. He pobliihcd a Pro^ damation, indeed, containing a Pardon foryUI that would defeit jhny I but not a Man came in, their Commknder being excepte4 out of it. Thefe Pirates, having amaffed a great deid of Wealth', divided their Spoil, and difperiM to feveral Countries ; two of them were uken at Maiiicea feme Time afterwaids, and brought to EngUutd in the fame Ship in which the Writer of thefe Sheets returned froni Julia in 1701 i W what became of their Commander jivtrj^ was b»- ver known. St. Helnm.] The Ifland of St. Htltna is fituate in the AthmHe Ocean, W. Lon. 6-30. S Lat. 16, bebg 1200 Miles Weft of die Continent of Africa ^ and 1800 Eaft of South Amtrita, It is a Rode in the Middle of the Ocean, very hidi and ftecp, about twenty Miles in Circtwiference, and only accemble at the LandinK^dbce, which is defended by Batteries of Guns. A Foot of sood £ardi covers the Top of it, and produces Corn, Grapes, and dl Fmita proper for the Climate. They abound alfo in Cattle, Poultry, and Fowls ; but thev are unfortunate in having a Multitude of Rats in dte Ifland, which eat up all the Corn as foon as it is fown, and bor- row into the Rock, fo that it is impoffible to deftroy them \ and all the Flour they ufe is imported from Engtami: They generally eat Yams and Potatoes inftead of Bread. The Eaft-lmUa Company are Proprietors of the Ifland, which was given them by King Ofarlts 11. foon after it was taken from the Dutch by Admiral Mni- in. Anno 167a. There are about two hundred Families in th« idaad, moft of them the Children of the Engli/h that planted it : Their Complexions are as good as thofe of thelNatives of OU Bng' /•Hi/, thougn they lie in io warm a Latitude % which may be aferibcd to the Trad9 Wini$, which conftantly blow over them, and the Sen which fo clofely furrounds the Ifland, and renders it cooler than could be expeAed. Here the EngVtJb Eaft-lniia Ships take in Water and (refli Provifiona in their Way Home ; but the Ifland is fo very fmall, and the Wind ib much againft them outward-bound, that they very feldom fee it then t and if a Ship over-flioots the Iflhnd, and falb to Leeward, it is very difficult to recover the Ifland again. Afctufitn.'l The Ifland ofAfcinfion is fituate in 1 7 De^ea W. Lon. and 7 S. Lat. 600 Miles North -Weft of St. Htltnat beine about ao Miles round, and uninhabited ; but the Eaft Mim Ships uiually touch here to furnifli themfelves with Turtle or Tortoifes, which are very plentiful, and valUy large, fome of them weighing above an hundred Pounds apiece. St. Matthtu.} The Ifland of ^/. Mattbrw lies in 9 DegreesW.Lon. and in 2--30. S. Lat 700 Miles S. of Cape Paimai, The Ifland of St. Th0m^ is iUoatc imdiBr the Equator, in 8 Oegtcft E.LoB. ' jMthm J40 jfFRICjfN IShA N D S. Mtioa U fitnate near theCoall of Lm«^#, E.Lon. 8-30. S. Lat. i; P'. 4r« Iflandp on the rame Cotft, E. Lon. 9. N. L«(. 1. femiuuh Pt is fitaate in E. Lon. 10. N. Lac. 5, ne4r the Month of die River Camtrom. Tft^ ilVft are fmall Iflandi belonging to the P«rrirMWi,which fumifii Ship|Mn|| with firelh Water and Prov^otti as diey pais by, bst are not coniiderable on any other Aoccmnt. . Cmpt VtrillUaidt^ The Iflanids of Cape r^r*/ are fitaate betweei 23 and a6 W. Lop. and between 15 and 18 N. Lat^ upwards of 300 Miles Weft of Cape Fird in Afritm \ many of tbeqa are only barren Rocks, The Chief are^ St Jagot Brmvt, Fop Moft, Bmaviftih Stl, St. Nieholas, St. Lucia, St. Viiutnt, Santm Cmitt and St. Antni$0. S$. Jago, the Urgeft, is about 1 50 Miles in Circomference, a mountainoui and rocky Country, but has fom^ fruitful Vallies in it, which pro. duce ItuliM Com, Cocoa'nuts, Oranges, and other Trt^calftmts i and they have Kenty^ of Roots and Garden-ftuiF, Hoes, and Poultry, and fbme of the prettieft green Monkies, with bUck Faces, that are to be met with anv where. Here Etifi-Iudia-m»H outward-bound furnifh themfelves with Water and Provifions. The Illai^d oiFogt is a Vulcano : SaU and ibme other Jflands.make creat Quantities of Salt. They are fubje^ to Portugal, and inhabited by Pei^tuguift and Negroo, but the Ntgrtit are the Inoft numerous. Thefe Iflands were difcovered by Jittenh AW/, a Gtae//t, in the Service of Portugal, in the Year 1460. Canariet.'] The Cantritt, anciendy called the Fortunate Iflandi, are feven in Number, fitaate in the Atlantic Ocean, between i z and 19 Deg. W. Lon. and between 27 and 29 N. Lat. about i $0 Miles S. W. of Mtr»€to in AJ^iem. I'he chief Ifland, called the Grand Ca- nary, which communicates its Name to the reft, is fitoate between %7 and «8 D^ees of North Lat. and is about 150 Miles in Circum« ference. Thefe Iflands enjoy a pure temperate Air, and aboand in themoft delicious Fruits, efpecially Grapes, which produce thofe richWines that obtain the Name of CaMry, whereof no lers than 10,000 Hogftieads are annually imported to England in Time of Peace. Tintriff, the largeft of the Grndry Iflands, next to that of the GrW Canary, is about 120 Miles round, a fruitful Country, abounding in Corn, Wine, and Oil t the* it is pretty much incumbered with Mountaini, pf which the moft remarkable is that called the Pico or Ptak, being one of the higheft Mountains in the World, of the Form of a Sugsi* loaf, and may be feen at above 100 Miles Diftance. This Mounuin is aVulcano, and occafions frequent Earthquakes, and in theYear 1704, fhere happened a dreadful Eruption of Sulphur and melted Ore, that ran down like a River, and dedroyed feveral confiderable Towns, fpoil- ing the richcft]Lands in the Iflaod, and converting them into a barren Dffart. Thefe Iflands are at prefent fubjedt to the Sfaniarit : They wer« hrfU difcovered aiwl planted by the CMrtkaginiant, bat the Rom*%t , dcftro} tn| I yfJF^A/CyfiSr ISLANDS. 54t ■*fij| ititnjmg that Sate» put a Stop to the Navigation, efpedallj on the Weft Co^ of J/rie*t a»A theie Iflands lay concealed, aficrwanb fion the reft of the World for wmy Ages; and were again difcoverod bf the Spaniards in the Year 1405, who found People on thefe Iflaada, whole Langoagq none of the Peo^e on the Continent uadeHUiod t tnd, when they |iad leant Htmi^ enough to he onderftood, conld give no Accoont of .their Anceftors, or^^rom what Coantry thinr dme 1 and, though they refemblied the Nadvei of theNorth of 4^iVa ia A«ir Stature anid Compkdon, ivtained noM of thdr Coftomt, were Mafters of no Science, and did not know theire was any Country in the World befides their own. . MaMtati") I'he Madeira Iflands are fhoate in t6 Degrees W. Iion. and between 32 and 33 Degrees of North Latitude, about too Miles North of the Cakariet, and as many W. of SalU m Mcroeta. The largeft was called Madeira, or rather Mattera, on Account of in being covered almoft with Wood. It is about 1 to Miles in Cir- (unference, confifting of little Hills and fruitful Vallies, well wa« tncd with Rivulets, and abounding in thofe Grapes which produce the Madeira Wine, of which they export feveral thoofand Hog^eada annuaHy to the ^efi- Indies, this Wine enduring a hot Climate better than any other ; and, indeed, improving in hot Weather. Thar make fpKoi other Sorts of Wine in this Ifland, particularly Malmwy and Tent, both very rich. The Climate is more temperate nere than at xheCasearier, bat not fit pure ; nor is there that Plenty of Com or Fruit. Tis fidd no ve- oomous Animal will live here. The Pertugue/e planted thefe Iflands in the Year i4ac, and, b^ boroing down the Woods, rendered them exceeding fruimilt and pro- I per for the Cultivation of the Vines. Aiuris.'\ The ilB«rM, lying in the fame Ocean as UbitMadtirat, acd being fubjedl to the ume Prince, I take the Liberty of introdu- cing them here, as they were not treated of in the Defcripcion dt ftrtugai. The Azores, denominated alfo the Terttrms, and Weftem IJtamds, art Utuate in the Af/antie Ocan, between 25 and 31 Deg. W. Lon. and between 37 and 40 N. Lat. 900 Miles Weft of Ptriugmtt and as many Bail of Newafoundland, lying almoft in the Midway between Europt I ind America. St.Micbair%, the moft eafterly Ifland, is the largeft of the ^s«r#/» I being near 100 Miles in Circumference ; a mountainous but fruitful Country, abounding in Com, Fruit, Cattle, Fifli, and Fowl. This Ifland was twice invaded and plundered by the Eng/iji, who got a con- £clerable Booty here in the Reizn of Queen EliKahtih. Tercera is efteemed the chief IHand, on Account of its having the bift Harbour, and 9 good Town, where the Governor of theft linnds reftdes, as well as the Bifhop. This too is a mountainous Country, but his a great deal of eood Arable and Pafture Grounds, and an excellent I Breed of Cattle. Here the Portuguefe Fleet conilantly put in, whea Itbey are homeward-bound from Braxil, Afirica, or the Eaft-Iwiiit. 4ME RlCJln . ^ i 54* } " if A M E R I G A. tf X IC i/» the Weftern CooilfleBt, ^ ff^ MNiw WarUt (beiag veiflM^ «Wovi . 3^aMl'i4$ Oegreea of Wef^m lA^jpwde, aad aM s' ^<>**^ Latitudb i booiM by ,tte lisnb <^ , ..^.,^ ^ JiHcPdt, on thfelTordit 1^ the.|iM|QipM wlik^ from the Eaflem CoBtinttit, or OU wdiR >bi^att Eaa j 1^ ^ i Sdinhem Ocean, on the Sboth ; an^ hf tkiPMlfie Oceio, nj^ vito it botttu^, on the Weft » beins bedvecn ocht llMMl MUei in Lengdi« fitm N^ to South s «pd its j fcwce three thoufiad Idcf. It is divided' into ,,'< K O R T H ^ M £ U / C ^ and . S O U T H AM MM I C A iQtMiBd DivifipQS. Snbdivifions. CMef Tofrl^k r'vUm TV^nS.:.^^. aX^ <•&«_ < -*■.«' 'The OominioBs ofl SPAIN — Kerth AMERICA] The Dominions of ^ GREAT-BRITAIN f The Doiniaiotts of FRANCE 'The Dominions of) fLiiiA. SPAIN gentli AMERICA contains — — St. SAtVADOB. Cabn. SvaiNAM. The Dominions of PORTUGAL The Doroioions of FRANCE The Dominions of ' ^ the STATES-GE- NERAL The Countries ftiU I^ofleired by the Na- L tives. ■ — , • - , . ■ V SPANISH AMERICA. The Dommns of Spain in Nor*h America. Divifions. Chiet Towns. . I. OUMexiet n — -~ Mtxin. ^ t. Ntw Mtxict, including Cali/anam,'-^Mtm Ftt, $. Fltruk — - — - — St.jl^pffit», OLD "SKt . -.r-" I^SissMaiBrsSi \ V • Ti: *' j» .' V''l «* mt ^«*'^-, ■♦■^r .■■»?«* iM;' 7& i *r ■M^' ^t pi*^ 4b.. *JimT^ '"W-j^J .,>J>' 1R^ ►o» "^T Ai'li lOli^- VSi ^ .^1 1 ™ss =$1*^:a«KJC=; Ski 1 ^ — *f' • SAT '■ 1 i . ■■ . « S O UT '•**^^^^ ^^^!^B^fci^i *^B^''Sw»H^^^^^^^i ""^R IK^R&V jt* * ^3£ <;BtoH *^%5SS UMVI^ ip^^fMNLX^J^MpV^ _H « 1^ glKfertA.-'^'iS ■ '-^'^mmfri y^ \ \f'. '' \ -I J« -«N^ c:^ <::. eA»i»»A3rl SxA ieMB>f*9i0t VJ5- B» ;..3i ¥ Betweea Between I M; hy Terra «BtIieSouUi.V( The Aodienc Attdfehdn. 0^ei» Aadiei .omtains k\ Provinces^ •vu Mr«f<* Aodienc contains nine! vtaccs — — — CMfimJWAndie contains fix ] vinccs •1— . « I 543 1 OLD MEXICO, SiUuaiiH and Eatent, Bctwen 116 1 ^ I" lw4^i (iooo Milet^n La^h. ■ ^ ^ . 600 KGks in Breadth. T} O U N D E P hyjfrw Mixta or GrMMdt, < vmcei — — - t. MtcboMean* 3. Pmmiet-^ 4. TJe/iaU' 5. Ouaxaca 6. 7«^> - 7. Jucatax tutimak Aadience contains fix Pro-< vinccs*— <— ■- 8. Chiapa, and •— 9. Stcotuifet ■■ ' 1. FtTBpax — — — ' 2. Gmtimala Proper 3. 4- HuubirM -»- Nicart ^ 6. VjragM 'GtMdaUjmrrm^. W, Loo. io8. N.Lat. ^*°-45- Zacattc4U V^ St. Barharm CtHoloa CtJiacan OMHiutlm ^Xitlifct, fMtxic0, W. Loi^ 103. M.Lil*ao. Jeafilti MeebHUmt Tampie§ 100. N.Lat. 18^ Gnaxmea, v T0tafc0 Cmmfeacfy Ciiipm Stcwuftt, 'Vtrttpax GiuaiimJmt W. Lon. 07. N.I^ I4>«3<»* I Lmm >{ I ^''^'^ Siuita f$. ^0 NS , - [544 1 i^ E W M E X J C O, lAcIudin^ CALIFORNIA. iMween { 5 V Jtriti.} T>0\ rW, an^ therieific ( &'/M/M« and EaUitit. BCMg LiH. zooa Miles ia LcBlgth, 1 600 Miln io Brea^tL O U N D E D by aiiknown Lands, 00 the Nortbt Fbrida and CmnaJa, on the Eatt ; by OU Ocean^ on the South ; and by the fiune CfcQin, JfianW, •n the Weft. Ohrifioat. Provinces. Chief ToWm. North • Eaft Divi- C Niw t^xito Proper — - ) f Santa Fe, W. Loa. , ion. -^— — { ■ J I »o9- N. Lat. j6. SbBth Divifion — > S»»9ra < ' Ttafn "liSi.Jumt Weft Divifion 5 Calif&rmd Mmmtmins.'] There are hif^h Mounains on the Weftern Coalt neaf Ae I^Jk Ocean, cloathed with excellent Timber ; bat moft of them aie VuIcahQ*ii,.|U\d.fubje£t to fiery Irruptions and Earthouakes. The Coiint^ near the Nprth Sea is low Land, flooded great Part of the Year,' and (b encumbered with Thickets of fiambou- Canes, Mangroves, THbms, and Bryars, that it is difficult landing or gectiog throu^ them. ,_ . . , ftHuTAJ] The Riven, which fall into the Oulph of Mexico, and the North Sea^ are; 1. Nttth Ritkr. %, Panun, 3. Al/«i, ia tlkt Ntrtb-Suu. . 1^ " C«^Mit^tit$t CkiatiSfir:*o'^a^,CiyeCot!entes» Cape Gi^ASwiJ Cape 'Bani0i Ca^ Bttriea, Cape Putrntt and Cape Mala, in the Stmtb'Satii'^ -^r^j 3^.<« y-T' •- I •• Bays if*th'$ 'Sta.\ Cb' Ae JTordi Sea »e tlie Gulphs or Bays of Mtxit*% iitxicf, Camfeaeh, f^trm Cnne, and llamdmrm$ ; in the Ps^OctaXL M the Bays of Nittfa and j^iupm!Ut, Act^ule; and Smiinu. Lahs.l The chief Lakes are thdfe of MixU$ and HiceragMi, ^t*Jmt.^ The Year is divided into the wet and dry Seafons i the rainy Seafon beginning the kticr End of Mtn, when the San is in tha nbrthem Signs, and lafts until Sipttmir, tvhcn the Son enten the ion- ihcm Signs. . The pn^per Sommer, or fair Scafon, is when die San U at the gteateft biftanoe from them. WimJiA Near the Coaft in the Pacific Ocean, they have their Periodical Winds, viz, Monfooiis, and Sea and Land Breezes, as in #«. In the Gdph 6f Miitito, and the adjacent Seas, thefe are firong NortH Winds ftom Oa4bir to Martbi about the Fdl and Change of the Moon. Trade Winds prevail every where att a Dillahce frott Land, within the Tropics. Air.'\ The Air of Mexici is itrf hot; aiid very tinhtfalthfbl oh the eafterot Coaft ; bat mach cooler itnd Wholefonfer on the MgU LAnds; Pr»JiUi.'\ Their Vegetables are the Ctttan ttA.CtJar-trtett and £«^wW, which grows cniefly in the "B^ytof CamptdcJitey and Homd»ras, on the flooded Shores ; it is much like white ThoiB. but a neat deal larger ; the Heart of which iired, is nf J in I3>ying : Some Trees are fire or fix Feetin Girt. The Mamgravt grows in the flat Cotmtry, by tl^ Sea-Sde, ahnoft alwavs in )K^ter. IwMabt-tree has a Sark with flrong Fibres^ which tiiey twift and make ISjamti and Cables of it. The Zf^iftz-woffiisasIightasaCork, ofwhich they make Floats, and carry their Merchandize along the Sea-Coaflis fevtral hundred Miles on them, buildingtwo or three Stories high upon them. The Cahhage-trge is loo or izo Feet high, which has no Btandul baton the Head. The CaUU>a/h is a Gonrd that grows td a gmit Bignelk here; ilie Tree which bears the Coita or ChtcdUte-Nnft is feven of «^t Feet hieh to the Branches, and a Foot anc) a half iyian[etir ; the Nnts *re inciofed in Cods, ufuaUy twenty or thirty Cods oii < weU'beariag Tree; there are fometiqies three or /ourfcort Nuts in a 6od» in fottai BOt twenty, about the Bignefs of an Almond. The Fentlla, or iexuco, is nfoally mixed with the Chocolate Nut t it is a Kind of Cane, and runs up any Tre^ that tiMtk^i Aear it. The frait is inciofed in a long green Cod. There are a great many o(he# Fru&ts peculiar to thii CotMtrr, tfld tKey have introdoced almoft aU Manner of ^Krc^^fM Frnitt andPlaats. . Mexican Anmmls.'] The Ptcatrrn is a jitttc bhKk, ftioft-legged Animal, that has fome Refembknce of a Hcg. boc fats Knvtl gfowr •Q his Back. M m Tbi Tj^5 S P Jt N 1 S H A ME RJC A, Thclf^rrM is like the former, but fomething Icfs. The Of fffum is remarkable for a falfe Cell/, whiere it preferrea iti young ones when Danger threatensKer. The Mtpfi Deer, which refembles the Red Deer, ii, as big as aa Ox. The Gttmnoe is of the Shape of a Lizard, but as big as a Maa'i Le^. The F/ying Sqtdrrtl has a fmall Body, and a loofe Skip, which he extends like Wings, and is born up oy the Wind for a confiderable Time. The SUtb is about the Bigners of a Spaniel, and feeds on the Leaves «f Trees, but is io mnny Days getting dowi: one Tree and dimbinir up another, that he will gro«v lean on the Journey : no Blows win make him mend his Pace ; he will be eight or nine Minutes in moving one of his Legs. The .Armadillo is fo named from his Shell refembliog Armour in which he ean inclofc himfelf. The RiuooH pretty much refembles a Badger. The Ounce, or Tygrr Cat, feems to be a imall Species of Tygers. *T}it Beavers zrt furprifing Animals, that will cut down Trees, •nd make Dams ^rofs Brooks to citch Fifti ; their Furs, are \tty vthiible, of which our Hut/fen's Bmy Company import many thoufands annually. Of their Fi/h^ the Manattt is as big as an Ox, and excellent Food. The Petratood is about an £11 long, and well tafted, but unwholfome atfomeSeafons. The Gar f^ is of the fame Length, and has a (harp Bone at the Frfidof his Snout, like a Spear, but not indented like that of the Sword -Filh. Of Ttrtoiftt there are five or fix Species i fome valuable for their Fle(h, and others for their Shells. The Female will lav about two hundred Eggs in a Seafon, which (he buries in the hot Sand, and leaves them to haich there. Of the Feather Kind, peculiar to Amerieei, are the Maeemu, referob- ling a Parrot, but much larger ; the ^am, the Cmrajee, the Card$»ed, aha the ttmmmng Bird. Among the Reptiiet are the Rattle Snake^ which gives the Traveller Notice of his Danger by a Rattle in the Tail. TheA//|ir« is an Infcd io fmall. that it cannot eafily be difcerned, and ufually llrilces into a Man's Legs ; and if it is let alone, it will get deep in the Meih, where it lays a great many Nits or £ggs, which increafe ra the fiignefs of a Pea i and if the Part be fcratcbed, it im* mediately feilerK, and endangers the Lofs of a Limb. • The Ctthi»tal Fly is a very prafiuble Infcft ; it is bred in a Fruit that grows on a bhrub altout five Feet high j when the Fruit openi, thefe Infedt take Wing, and hover a little while over the Tree, and then £U1 down dead oo the Sheeu that aic fpitad for then. . • Mimfli.] ^ SPANISH AMEkiC A. i^^ Afintrah.'] Tbe Gold of itfrxfM is Iband chiefly in die rockv Moon* tains, and barren Parts of the Country, in Grains, or in Doll, in tk< Sands of Rivers, or in Stone in the Mines: The Grains trefmall t>ieces of Gold, like the Seeds or Kernels of Frtiit, wfiich are foaad svidioot Mixture of any other Metal, and have no Need of Mdttng tir Refining. But much the greAteft Quantity of Gold is found in Doft in the Sands of Rivers and Torrents, after the Rains have fallen. All the Silver, dug in the Mines of Mtxico, ii brought to the King*l Exchequer in the capital City, and entered there : and it is related* that there are twO Millions of Marks, of dght Ounces each, entttod ID one Year. The Gold is coined into Pieces of fixteep, r^ght, four. Or two Piecfs of Eight, which are called Oowns of Gold. The InJiius had no Coin of anv £ort, when the SfmuarJs Mt tsme amoi^ft them i Gold and Silver ferved them only for Omn- ments ; their Traffic confiding in Bartering and Ejcchanging on« Thing for knother ; only the Cocoa-nuts wrved them to puichafis Herbs and Flowers, and Things of fmall Value, as they do fiiU in the Markets of Mexict, neither the Sfamiatds nor /ntfMu having any Cop' per Coin. Trafic] The People of MtxUtt and the red of the Sftu^/h Wift- hJits, are prohibited trading with any but the SObjeQs otSftia t no^ are Foreigners fuffered to vim their Cfoafts. Th« Traffic Of Mtteit» is one of the richeft and moft extenfivd !d the World, for they trade with the FbUiffiiit lilands near th« Coaft of ChiH^ throueh the Stutb-S— or Paajlt Ocean i vHS Ptsj and Chili through ue fame Sea, and with OU Spma, and th« SfanUb Iflands, through the NartB Sea and Atlmuttc Ocean i all which Trades are held lawful. There is alfo a very confiderab)i Smuggling, or dandeftine Trade, carried on bv the M*»ic*»t, ana /«//««/, on the one Side, and the Engirt Frtnti, and pBttk,. oa th« other. The Cargo of the Manila Ship confifta of Diamonds, Robiei, Saphires, and other precious Stones found in the E*fi-h£it : Of Cinnamon, Cloves. Mace. Nutmegs, and Pct|«r i of the rich C«r- pett of Pit^a I the Camphire of Btrmtt i the Benjamin and Ivory 91 Pegu and QmMia ; the Silks, Muflins, and Caliooet, ■ (^at Meafure, their . Fa&or ; forwhed the <70//f0;7i return from Jimtrica with theTreafure for which thcfe EffLAs have been (old, it is noft of it diftribnted ajnongd the Merchants and Fadors cf the four Nations laft mentioned ; but fo true are the Spauiardt to their Troft, *tis faid« that thole, in whofe Names the Eifeos are («nt over, and the Retoims made, icarcc ever abufe the Confidence placed in them, or be« firay their Principals. The EngUP from Amv Yor\t Jamaica^ &c. the frtnch from JHf- fMutU^ and the Dutch from Cur^/wuit fit out Sloops with all Man. ■er of I'rovifioMs and Ntcefliiries, which they know are wanting on the Coaft oi Mexico, m order to trade with the Spaniards there,' who •re no lefs ready to receive the Goods of thele Foreigners, than thev are to fell them, giving Pieces of Eight tor what they boy ; which makes this a very benefidat Tiade to the Engli/t, French, m Dutch, Thiere Has been another Tradie, or BoHneft, carried on by the Xng/iJkkiKorth Jmerica, which has occafioned many Difputes between the iv^Ratibna of Britain uad Spain, and ii not yet a^'iilled ; and that is the Buftnefa of ttg'wood-tutting m the Bays of Canftaety and Hm. ehirmi, TAis the Eng/iji had followed in Part of the Conntry deflitote d Spanf/i or Inditm Inhabitants, for a great many Tears, and looked upon it, that iheir long PoflelHon ha(f siven them at leaft as good a Right to that Part of the Country, as thel^Mi«r(iVhad to the reft ; and in fbmc Treaties tie Spaniards feem to nave yielded this fiufinefs to the Engl(^ t however, they have thought fit, of late Tears, to fill upon our Lqgifntd-entieri, killed many of them at Campeachj, and carried the fm into perpetual Imprifonment, not fuffering them to be cxchanenl or ranfomed i but our Legweed-eutttn ftilt keep Poflbffion of the Say of HmhirMt. Le4uvitig.'] The Natives had neither Letters nor CharaAers t» cxprcfs their Meaning bV ; Statuary and Painting were the only Ways they had to recordTwhat was pad ; an Image or PiAure, with a Crown on its Head, iignified a King ; and an Image, habited* like a Pricft* a Prieft] but they had no CharaAer that would ex- E«f» either, as the CAinr/e have : Theit were fone few Things, deed, that rtprcfentcd others, and may be ftlled Hieroglyphics, as S P A N IS II AMR R I C A. 50 Ac painted Wheel that diftiaguiflutt their Age, and Icfler Circled 1^ Yean. JUb^w."] If the titxieant had any God, which they imagmed prefided pver the reft, it w;it the Sun. It i* cvMcitt they had « great Veneration for this gloriwu* Orb. from the Sf)eeches of M»n- ttmMma, and their afcribing whatever was great and wonderful to his Diredion and Influenoe ; but they had no Image of the Sun or Moon in the Templea of M< ieo, zs the former Inhifeitants of the Country (the Chubimuoi) had ilea great many Idols.'yf hamaa Form. The ipamards charge them u ith offiering haman Sacrifices to their Uols, milking thefe a Colour for all the Barbarities they committed in Jmtriem ; they infinuate, ihata People, which made the Sacrificing their own Species the chief Part of their Religion, ought to have been cxrirpated t bit the Spmujb Sifliop of Clfi«j>it, who refided at Mexir» at the Time of theConqucit, and was fent over thither to enquire inp tbefb Matters,, and to protect the IjuliaMs againft the barbarous Ufagc they met with from Cortex and his Fellow-Adventurers, aflures us, that molt Fart of ;he Charge was falfe ; that inAtad of the Mtxieant /acrificing-Thoufands (al duced into this new World, it appears, that the AiA Adventurers, C$rtfz. and his Companions, tludied nothing lub that the Convcrfion of the Imlimtu, whatever they pretend i they onlv fumnoned the Ijuiiant to iblMnit to the Pope and the Emperor Cbarlu V. aiul, on their Kefufal, to become Chriilians, (before they were at all indru^led in the Chri* ftian Rites) they fcized their Country, niurdcied many Millions of them, and enflaved (he rcil \ and afterwards, when thcfc Abufes were in fome Meafure redrcilud, and Miifionarici fent over, they perfeAly dcigooncd the U4ium, thiit were left alive, into ChrKlianity ; driv u> ^e baptized, on Fain of haying their Throutk cut. One of tliefe MiiHonarici bonAcJ 10 Ckmrhi tht Vtb, that hu had baptized abo^c thir.y thouland UJUi.t himfelf G«g« infiimatts, th*t the prinripal Motives, that dnew the Sfani,i Clergy over to Jmtritm, were a View of gaining great Riches, and io free thcmfelves from the Lonfintiiiunt of the Cluiftcrii, and vnjuy #9 uniiBUraiacd Liberty * ^ur it v, fi u Jjr a V.u'X to !;i »y 550 9P^ANISH AMERICA, ten or twelve thoafud Crowos ia ten Yean Time, who hat but an ordinsuy Cure in Mtxitf, and to live' plentiful!/ andluxurioufly all the Time, and be in a Manner adored by the common People ftere. He was anuuEied, he faid, to find the Monks in the Mtxicn Cloifters, and the parochial Clergy, rivaling the Quality in their Drcfs, and luxurious Wav of Life : . They drank, they gamed, they fwore, they wenched, and made a Jeft of their Vows of Poverty, get. ting Money enough, many of them to return to Old SfatH, and pur. f hafe Bil^opricks. And as to the Laity, he liiys, there is not a more bigotted, or a lewder People upon the Pace of the Earth : A Pr^ent to the Church wipes oiF the CMium of the greateft Crimes, and the Way the People are initruc* ted in their Religion here, as in OU Sfaitit is by Plays and Theatrical Enteruinments in their Churches. As to the InMani that are fubjeCl to the Spaniarttt^ and obliged to profefs themielves Chriftians, the Priefts oblige them to marry fvhen the La|)» are Fourteen and the Girls Twelve \ and, if they are not then provided with a Spoufe, the Priell finds one for them ; and in this, it feems, the Civil Government concur, looking upon it fhat marrie4 People make the bell Subjeds. A Wife and Chtldren are t iie fureft Pled^s of a Man's Fidelity ; an Indian feldom leaves his Family, and retires to his Countrymen in the Mountains, after he is married, but becomes an induftrious and profitable Member of the Commonwealth, paying Duties both to the Cliuich and Civil Governors \ the marrying them (b young alfo makes the Country the more populous, which was inipolitidy deprived of its Inhabitants by the firft Adventurers. Nor do the Sfatuardt only take Care to fee the young Indiant married to each other, but they encourage, or at lead luiicr the native SfaniarJt, and the Critli their Defcendents, to marry with the fndiams, whereby the AmiricaHi are fo incorporated and allied to fo many Spanijb Families, that they are in a Manner become the fanie People in (everal Towns and Provinces : The like Policy the Frtnth obferve in their AmerUan Plantations, while the EngUjb impro. dently prohibit their People marrying with the Indianiy and confe- quently lofe many Advantages in Planting and ellabliihing themfelvei, which other EMroftan Nations have. Revolutions and memorable Events. IT is highly probable, that Amtritm was firft peopled by the Ctrth*- giniatt, who were fituate on the North weft Coaft of Afric»t and poflcfled the Cantry and Cmpt Vtrd Iflanr* in the Ailmntit Ocean -. And as the C»rth»gimtH Ships carried fometimes a thoiifand People, and were probably crowded with Men, Women, and Children, when they fent Colonies to thofc Iflands, as ours are which we (end to the Plantations < it is very natural to expefl, that fome of them Ihould mifs thofe Iflands, and be driven to the Weft beyond their intended Port : And if this ever happened, they rouft of Neceflity be cartied to Amtritat which is fituate out three Weeks Sail to the Weft- wxrd ***; S P AN i S a AMERICA, 551 ward of the Cantuy or Capt f>rm whence it wa^ impoT- fible for th^n to return to the E^fterh Continent,, the Trade- Wind be<> h>g always oppofite to them : Which is the Reafon we never heard an/ Thing of that Part of the World, until we had the Ufe of the Coi^ oafs, and the Art of Narigation was improved, whereby a Way was foiind out of failing into higher Latitudes, out of the Way of tl^ Trade- Winds, in oraer to return to the Eallern Continent. CdumhuM, a Native of Gtnoa^ in the Service of j/oiw, obierviqg the vaft Difproportion between the Land already difcovered, and the Waters, which were fuppofcd to cover the refl of the Surface of the Globe, concluded, that there mull be another Continent bevoqd the Jtlaniic Ocean ; or rather, that the Continent of China ana die EaJI-Iudlts extended through that Ocean, within 5000 Miles of oar Continent. He found that Marinut had placed China fifteen Hours Eaft of Portngai, and confeqnently there could remain no more than nine Hoon more between Eurafe and C^i'm, fiuling Weftward, fuppofing that Space to be all Sea, which he hoped was great Part of it Land, and concluded therefore, that it would be no verv long Voyage to the Baft-Iiiditt by the Heft ; and though he was miftaken in his Cal- culation of the Diftance between Eurofi and Cbina^ by the Weft, near two Thirds, yet he was fd far accidentally in the Right, that there was another Continent about three or four thoufand Miles Weft of our*s : He was confirmed in this Opinibn, 'tis faid, by the Journals and Reports of fome Mariners, who had been driven lome hundreds of Leagues to the Weftward, and affirmed they had feen Land in fome of their Voyages. Certain it is, he apprehended there was a very high Probabilitv of tis ibcceeding in the Difcovery, or he would never have ventured tp have crof!^ that unknown and boundlefs Ocean, as it was ejteemed at that Tit^e by moft Men. But however fangoine or aflured Cohmhus might be of his rucceed>- iBg, it appears that the Courts he applied to, for tjielr Afliftance i^ fittine hifil out, treated the Propbfal with the fame IndiRerence they ufualTy do other romantic Proiefls < for he war. many Years negoci • adng this Affair in the feveral Courts oi Europe, before he was enabled to enter upon it by the Court of Spain. At length he was commiffioned to equip three fmatl Ships in the Harbour of Ptdst in Anttali^, and obtained a Grant to be Admiral of the Weftern Seas, to difppfe of all Governmenu and Employment! on the Cbntinent, or Nrwff^orU^ intended to be difcovered ; and be- fides the Revenues ofually annexed to the Pofts of Admiral and Vice« roy, thf Tenths of all Profits atifing by future Conquefts of thofe fup. fofed Countries, were granted him. With thefe Conmiffions he fet Sau with his three Ships from ?«/*#, the 3d of JnguJI 1492, and arrived at the Canary Iflands the I tih. On the I ft of September he fet Sail again to the WeflvMrd : Hia Men began to mutiny before fourteen Days were paffed, imagining hf WM leading th«in to certain DeftruAion { however, he perluadea Mm ^ then »^^Kf. « ■^ 552 srjnisB 4M£Riej. jtlieni with g^ctKficttl^ to contiiMe dia Veyagi tBI the 16U1 ef Of. tfiftt wiMn ibteywat coliftthiiiKto.thiowUie^dniiral over bpand, and fctom ta (^tfrn i 'l>iu he had the good Forteoe 10 fee a Lidu on 6boi« at Ten the ttaie Nighw and the next Pajr they made the Land, Which cecotieiled tn/ety Body to htm } but he was fi» (enfible of tl^e Danger Jie. had efcu>jpd, that he oafned the IQand St. Smhadtr, ikhicb i>roved to be one of the Sml/amp Hkodi.. ' Ct/iimiiii failed from thence to the li^and of Ciff>a, and afterwardi to //^mm/ajt where he ercQed a Fort, left forty Men in it, and nn Che iptb of /«^i7 failed for Btmu, arriving at the Atra the i;th Sf February, and continuing hit voyage, the 24th wai driven by a Storm into Z^4» 2 filotn Whence he^went to P«/m, where he arrived the 1 3th of Marcl, Haiong performed thifr Voyage to the Ntw WcrU, End back again, in fevcrn Months and eleven Days } and was receiveij, 1^ the Court of Sfain, with all the Honours due to a Man that had difcovcred another Goiitinenc. . The Viceroylhip of that AVtv Wor/4, and all the Iflands WcB of the Jxoret and C/'fe Vtrd, were confirmed to him, and his Fleet was ordered to be augmented to fifteen Sail, with which he began hi* i^cond Voyage the 25th of Septtmier 1493. He touched again at tiie Canairu/, and departing from thence thie 7th of OSobirt arrived at ' \Dcpiinicat one of the dtribbeti Iflands, the ad of Novembtr ; from .thence he iipiled U> Mmigaiakte, and next to Guar Jabipt za^ Mmt- ftrraty an|i afterwards to Porta Ric0, arriving at hiffanitU on the 1 2th of Novtmter, w/iere he found all the People he lef^ ifi the Fort dead, having perifhed in ffime Skirqiifhes ^ey had with (bp //ib£'a*ji, whom they had grofly infulted and abufed, as he was informed by thp Kativps. In this Voyage CWtmini discovered Cold Sands in Ht/Hmala, and built a Fort for their ProteAioo, and aTown» to whichhe Mve the V^vat 6[ Ifaiella I then he failed to the Weftward along the Coaft of Cuba, and ^om thenfe to JamaUa, and, retujrnifig to ffijiaiiiila, faund tfiere had beeo an InfurreOion of the Nadves, whom l^e fob- dued, and impofed | Tribute op thepi, and built feveral other For- jtreflc& in the Ifland. ' . After which he fet Sail for Eurept on the lothof ^«rr£, and ar- E'ved on the Coaft of Spain on the 9th of June; but not bringing w^th im the Moui^taies of GolJ that were expe£led, he was received but jcooiy by tlie Court of Sfah, and jt was three Years before he wsi ^tted out >K3>n. 'He fet oail on his th^rd Voyage on the 30th of M*y 1498, >n'»«/«i Home In Chains, ' » ' V^ ' '• SPANISH AMERICA, J35 The Coart 6f- Sprnm, being afterwatdt ftafible of the Wienfp dot }uul bcea done the AAsatal^ re)|ored htm to hit former Poft, and jcquipped him otit with another Fleet t Aod eccordiAily he began his fourth Voyage on the 9ch of M*ft icoz, anivinr at hlaktimia on the 15 th of Jmwi, and, to the latter End of tic Month, at St. Do- miMgOt where he was jaoc -foftered to come oo Shore i whereapon he failed to Jw/uuea, and liom thence to tbudm'mt on the Continent «f But retaming to SpMrn^ and findioe himfelf negleAed alter dl }m Services, he reiircf^ to FaiadtSd, where he died on the ao^ of ^(uj) 1506. The Court of Sfaiii, however, were fo jaft' to his Memory, that they buried him ma^jnificeotly in the Cathedral of StvJt'e, ai>d eieAed a Tpmb over him with this infaiption : C.oluo^bus has givtn a Nnu IVcrli t» th* Khgdtwu of Caftile mad Xxpn. Jmericut Ft/putiut, a floreMtinet was employed by the Spamar/fs in the Year I497> while Columbut was living, to make farther Difco- veries ; he touched at the Camtritt, and, having failed one thoofand JLeagues tp the S.W. arrived at a Country in i6 £)egrees N. Lat. fop- poled to be fame of the Cmribhet Ifliinds : He continoed hiii Courfe i^oo League? further Weft, and arrived at a Country under the Tropic of Ciincer, which mull be feme Part of M*mu«. He made j^nother Voyage the following Year, i49S,in the Service jof SfaiBt and (ailing S.W. pafliKl the £qoator, arriving at a Country in five Degrees S. L^t. which mud be BrmziL Etiummtt, I^ing of Partugai, afterwards cmpbyed Ameneus Vf/pm^ thff if^ hi? Service, who departed from Lijhoti with three Ships, in Map 1501, ami arrived on the Coail of Brauif in $ Degrees l>. Lat. from whence he failed to 52 Degrees S. Lat. along that Cort. and retimed, from whqn^ that Continent obtained the Name of Jmtriem. Sibefiian Caht, an Italian or of Italian Extraction, was einployed by Htnry VIL King of Engla/tJ^ to find out a North-weft Paflage to Clfina ; who departed from England in 1 498, and failed along the N. p. Coftft of Jmirica to 67 Degrees N. Lat.. The fame C«^r, or \a& Son, attempted to find a Way to Qmip by the North- Eaft, but did pot fucceed ia cither. yafc$ Nunitx dt Bilbat firft failed rouf^ Cuba, found it to be an Iflshd, nml made an entire Conqoeft of it : Then he failed to the jdiver of J^a'ietf, at)d cultivating a CorrefpondenCc with the Caeipus or InJJan Princes, they conduced him over the vaft Mountains, on thelfthmuit, to tht Seffth-Sta or Patijt and 109 Seamen, befides his two Chaplains. He failed from Ont^mtf the 4th of Mi^ib 1 5 1 9, and having doubled Cape Caiecb, he continued his Voyage to the Month of the River fo- fe/?«, in the Bay of Cn^mptaeh, where he landed, defeated the Imlians, tod. took the Town of ?V^i^ ; after which he embarked his Forces, and failed to St. John di Vlva^ where, landing his Forces, he received an Embafly from Montawma the Emperor. Ctiriat won after burnt his Ships, and began his March for the ca- £ital City of Mtxieot and coming to Tla/cala the 23d of September' i^\q, e was joined by that People who were at War with the Mexiceun, While C$rt*ii remained here, he received another EmbailV from Mon- fntamat to invite him to his Capital ; but Cortex, pretending t|i1s was with a treacherous Deiign, fell upon the Subje6ts of MontezUuta, and cat ieveralThoufands of them in Pieces. At which the Emperor was fo terrified, that he offered to refign himfelf to the General's Pleafure, and accordingly (^ned the Gates of his Capital to CorttXt who ar- rived there the 19th of November 15 19. Not long after Certez tehtd the Perlbn of the Emperor, and made him his Prifoner, and his* Officers proceeded to plunder the City ; whereupon there happened a general Infarre^iion of the Natives, who drove the Sptmeirdsnw. of the City of Mexico ; and Montezuma, 'it is preiumed, was murdered by the Spaniardt, ^v\^tn they found they could not carry bim off alive, for the Emperor was never beard of afterwards. Cartttt, having received a Reinforccmetft of Spaniards froih £«- rofff returned towards Mexico again, and inveiled that City as wdl by Land as Water, n>alcing himfelf Mailer of it the 1 3th of Auguft 1521 ; in which Siege, *tis faid, 100,000 itfrx/r W. Lon. 82 1 md \ 10$ J »d VN. 40 3 Lat, » Being 1400 Milei in Length. 900 Miles in Breadth. Bcumlm-itt. nOUNDEDbv CmHmda, on the North t by Bri. Jjp ti^Jmtriea and the ^f/m/ir Ocean, onthe£ail{ by the Galph of Mtxie», on the South ; and by New Mexin, oa the Weft. Divifioni. Provinces. Chief Towns. Eaft of the River "IChereite, or Jfalacbi- ) C St. Augmftin. ' Mifffffiiffi — ^ J «* ItuRam, -—— J ( Santa Marie, V^eft of the River \Cadadaquio InJiant -r 7 ( ^ifh«£$. MountMHt."] The Apalachiau Mountains, which divide Curolia^ ^nd the reft of the Britifi^ Plantations, from Florida^ are the moft confiderahle. The Mountains ending in the South of Carolina ; there is a plain level Cduntry from thence to the Gulph of Mexico^ which was the Reafon of our fortifying the Banks of the Rivers Stmamnah^ and Alatamaha 'in Qtorgia, to prevent the Inturfions of the Spaniji and Frtncb Indhns^ who ufed to difturb our Settlements in Stutb Careiina. Rivtri.] The chief Rivers are, i. The Miffijftppi^ to which the fmth have given the Name of ^/. Lauii j>they fay ic rifesin the North of Canmia^ and running South-Eaft falls into the Middle of the Golph of Mtxieo. The Rivers Co«c^«;»« and Apalacb run from North to South-Eaft of the Mififfifpi% and fall likewife into the Gulph of Mixieo ; as does the River Ogicbet. According to Mr. Ogfitberpt, the Rivers F/iat and Cafebe, and even the Wffiffippi River, rife in the ApalatbiaK Moan< uins, and, paffing through Part of CaroliHa, fall into the Gulph of MunV*. The Rivers Alatamaba and Savamnab rife in the fame Mountains, 1^ miuuiig Eaft, M into the Atkatic Ocea^. The Aiv«r of 9t. Jobn 1^^ SPANISH AMkRiCA jtiH U a nobte iUTi«ible River, wHick rans pmllel to then, »ai dl. ■vides S/nunJb FUridaTrota the Briiip Doininiona. Xi to the Ait and-Seafeas, and the Pradece of FbrUa, thefe Ar- ticles are the fame a;> in CaroUaa, which lies in the iane CUaiate, and is contiguous to it. jhe Terfons and ChafaOers of the f/«riVa Iiulituu Mo «wJU be tovind in die Defcription of C«rtf4M, which was originally a Part ef f^« and Cofrt.'] The ehief Bays In Fbrida, fart whereof the FrMfiir hfive denomtnated Loiti/aHia are> • • .St. Btnutrd. 2. JJctnfion. ^.Mtbltt. ^.Ptajac, ^.Daupkiat. 6.jofipb. -j./lpalafy. %.Spi. rito San3o ; and, 9. Carlos Bay. ' 1%e chief Capes are, t. Cape Mnm, z. Samttat. i.'Jnchti. 4. St. Aufiin : and, 9. Cape FUridm. Stai.'] The Seas bordering on Florida are, the G^ph oijjdtxictt and fhe Qulfh of f/vriia. ^epoluiions and memorabk Events- \. ■ THE 'Spwtianfs poiMTed themfelves of F/onVa immediately after their Conqueft of Mixico, under which Name they comprehend- ed alt thofe Countries which lie North of the Gulph of Mexico, of «vhich Carolina, and the reft of UtitBriti/b Plantations, are Part ; but the Spaniards uUandoninj; Part of this Country for richer Settlement! in Mexico and Perut the Bi,itf/b planted xnoft of the Eaitem Coaft, now (tiled Brilijh Anurita, the Spaniurds retaining only St. Augyhin^ and two or th^ec other ftsall Haces Eaft «f the ftiver Miffi^fpi, 9nd what lies Weft of that River; and thus the Country, fituate between the Englijb Plantations on the Eaft, and the Spamijb Terri* lories in the Welt, remained upder the Pomuiion of the FUtiia In. dianiy until the Year 171 8, when i\e French took Pofleffioii of the Mouth of the River MiJJlJjlppi, and erefled fome Ports, by Virtue whereof they laid Claim to the jcreateft Part of Florida^ encroaching t)n the Spanip Territories on the Weft, and the Englijh Dominions oa the Eaft. They did, indeed, onre before ereft fonve Forts on the Spanijh Side of the River MiJJtJItpfi, but the Spaniards dcmolilhed them, and drove the French out of the Country ; but ivaa Frame and Spain have been fo dofely uniurd, the Spaniards fiem to wirk at their Encroachments ; but the Ef/giijh^ who have ever looked upon this Coj^intry, as far Weftward as the River M{^/^/i//, to belong to the Colonies of the Carolina's and Georgia, or at leall to their /jrdVAH Allies the Cretis and Chir^kees, tliink they have very good Reafon to difpute this Part of Florida with the Fnnth, thefe Jn.iians having ceded to the Bigiijlf all this Country which they do not chufe thcmielves ; and it miift be admitted, that tlte Natives only can give the Eurtftans a juft 1 itle 10 it. We fliould be extremely weak to fufTtr the French to pofTefs thenw felvis of this tine Country, Containing a Square of near i^oO Miles k( a Sidp* '^ we fonprebcjod that Part of Canada which the Fnnck .. ■ ca)l SPANISH AMERICA. 557 fill ^irw FrMcf, and lies on the Back of die Britijlf S«ttlcmeats foir manjr hondred Mile*, efpecially fince their Claim, if allowdl mvA for ever exclude « from extending oar Settlements to the Weftward { lad if we do not expel the French from this Part of FUridt, while it is in eur Power, they will, in the End, infallibly opel OS. Spanifli Dominions in SOUTH AMERICA: 1. Terra-Jirma, ^ 2. Peru.. 3. Chili. 4. La Plata, of Paraga^. , TERRA FIRMA, oxCaJiilladdOro: Situation and Extent. 60 ^twcen Between { and 8x J the Equatoi ^ and \ tor (N. W.Lon. 1400 Miles in LcB^dit; Being <. Lat. [ 700 Miles in Breaddi.' StMMJarits.] TIOUNDED by the North Sea, (Part of the if/' Jl Jmmtic Oceany on the North « by the fame Sea, and Surinam, on the Eaft ; by the Coantry of the Jlmtaemt and P/re, o» the Sooth i and by the PatiJU Ocean and Vtragfu^ on the Weft. Divifions. Sofadirifions. TerrO'Jirma Proper," Daritn — — -*— Carthagina — — — Marthm > contains the Pro-^ 4. Rie t/e l« H*eba—- Vinces of ■ j ;, VentKutla — — Cemana ' " — Nfw AaJalufiiit or faria ■■■■ ■ The North Divifion fi. TV or t.Ci , 3 ^' r. Chief Towns. Pmnamm Cartbagtna St. Mmrtha {^ Rh Je U HmH It^tmiKuU Ctmanm St.'TbtmMs L The Sooth DivifionC 1. JVrw G contains the Pro. < a. Ptptyam vinces of— — — C ramada — ^ C Ji ^««/« F/ tie Sag0fii Ptpattm MontMimt.} TERRA FIRMA PROPER confifls of prodieioot high Moentaios, and dc» Vallics, flooded noce thaik HalftheYear. *^ The #i» 4 HivenA i . or Mapduunm. 558 SPAPrtSH AMERICA: The Province of Carihtgnm is ft nounttinoM, woodv Cbdnfrr, »Bd that of St. Martha is like it. Accordlrp to Dampitr^ thefe are the liigheft Mountains in the World, being feen at Sea aoo Miles ; from tilde mn a Chain of Hills, of almoft equal Height, abag die Confines of Ptruy quite through South Amtrica^ as far as the Straiu of MigtUtm #hich are called Lo$ CorJeiirirai det Jndts. The Province of Vttuxutla^ and Diftrift of Caranas, the moft nor- iherly Province cfStmth jfmerka, has a -continued TraA of high Ridges of Hills, feparated by fmall Vallies, pointing upon the Coaft of Ike l^orth Sea. , A Cludn of barren Mountains, almoft impaflable, rans throagh (he Province oiPepayan, from North to South, fome whereof areVuIcano^s; but towards the Shores of the Pacific Ocean is a low Country, flooded great Part of the Year. DaritM. 2. Cbagre. 3. Santa Maria. 4< Rio Grande 5. Maracaibo } and, 6. Oramjue. Saji, CapiSt^c.l The Ifthmtis OfDarit/t, or Tirrajirnm Proper, joins North and South America. A Litie drawn from Panama in the South Sea to Portohl in the North, Or rather a little Weft of thofe two Towns is the proper Limit between North zni^ South Jtlurica: The principal Bays ip Ttrrajirma are, t . The Bay of Panama. 2. The Bay of St, Michatrt 'in the South-Sea ; and, 3. The Bay of Porlohtl. 4. The Gulph of Z)«. 5. 5i«» Bay. d .-Carthagm Bay andHaFboiir. 7. TheGulphof fV;f/x«;/er Mines, Emeralds, Saphires, and other precious Stones. Tm "^ • Vallies SPANISH AMERICA, $59 V«Uic» near the Coaft ar« ejicci&ve hoc, while that Moantain are covered with Snow. The Province of Xio dt U Hmthm abeandt ia hMam Com and Catde, and hai a Pearl Fifhery on the Coaft, with^ oenfidcrable 8alt < Works. Vtntxutla is a rich Soil, and has Plenty of Com, Catde, Sugar, To- lacco. Fruits, Vcnifon, and other Game ; fupplying the adjaeent ' Colonies with Provifions. Their Planutions of Cacao, or Chocolatc-nots, in the DifUift of d» Caracao's, are efteemed the beft in Amtrica ; and there are feme Goth white and black, made of Cotton Linnen, which reach down to their Heels, and the Men wear Coronets of Cane on their Heads, adorned with Feathers ; nor do they ever itir Abroad with> oat their Arms, their Bows, Arrows, Lances, and DaeM(s> oi grer.t- Knives; and many of them of late ufe Fire- Arms, whiclithey pnr- chafe of the Europeant, Both Men and Women are of a round Vifage, and hate fhort bottle Nofes, their Eyes large, generally grey, yet lively and fpark- I'mg : They have high Fore-heads, white even Teeth, thin Lips, 9 Mouth moiderately large, their Cheeks and Chins well proportioned, and, in general, have fine Features ; but the Men more fo than the - Women. Both Sexes have long black Hair, coarfe and ftrong. which they ufually wear down to the Middle of their Bar ks, or lower, at full Length ; only the Women tie it together with a String juft behind the Heads from whence it ilo\vs loofe like the Men's : They fufier no I other Hair to grow but that on their Heads ; their Eye-brows and . I Eye lids ; their Beards, and all below the Girdle, are pulled up by the Roots, as foon as any appears ; and they anoint their Heads and 9odiea I vith Oil K Greafe. There t' •560 S P AlflS N JME R ICai. There an amoi^ thefe dark complexioned hilknist fome diac it^ perfeAly white in the Province of 'f*rra/irmmVxfmtx'. Thei/Skim mre not of foch a White as oor fair People in Smtvpt^ who luive fome TinAnte of Red in their Complexion* but a pare Milk-wKhe j and there grows upon their Bodies a fine, fliort, Milk-whtte Down ; the Hair of their Head and Eye-brows alfo is white. Thefe People are leb in Stainre than the other ImHams i their Eye-lids are alfo riif. ferently formed, bending like the Horns of the Moon, from whence, and their feeing (b wiU b/ Moon lighti the Buccaneers calls them Moon-ey'd. Ommmtnt).'] Mod of the Ammc§m» ftem to agree in their Orna. nents, fuch as Plates and Rings for their Lips ar.d Nofes, heavy Strings of Bead» and SheUs about their Nicks, that reach almoft down to their Bellies, and in painting their Faces and Bodies : Inftead of Beds they uTe Hammocks in moft Places, both oi North and Stutb Jbnerita* GiantSt Camhlt, &r.] Here are no Nations or Tribes either of a gigantick or diminative Stature, as the firft Adventurers pretended ; and Giants, Dwarft, and Monflers, ieem at prefent to be expelled from this Continent, though our firft Difcovers met with fcarce any Thing ^fe ; the Cafe is moch the fatne as to Ctnibals : There was not a Province in Amtncm where we were not aHured there were Tribes of thefe, but in Cmr»bi*na or Pmria, we are told, they were all Devouren of their own Species. And yet, for thefe laft hundred Yean, we meet with no Canibals kere, or any where clfc. That People have eaten one another, dri. vcn to it by Famine, may poflibly be true ; and an Inftance or two of this Natare, has been thought fufficient to denominate the whole Coontiy Canibals. Rrjoiutiom and memorable Events. FAtkcr Bsrtitbmrw itCmfat^ Bifhop of CiUpa, has given mi very melancholy Relation of the numeroos Cruelties and Rav.izes committed by Ptdrmriai, who reduced thefe Provinces under the Do- ninion of the Crown of Sht'"' There landed (fiiys the Bifiiop) in TtrrM./ms, in the Year 151^, i nilchievoiM Governor, who not only wafted and difpeopird the Set- Coaft, but plundered and ravaged large Realms and Countries, mur dering infinite Numbers of People, from Dmritn to the Province of Kicmr^gy0% being upwards of fifteen hundred Miles, full of People, governed by feveral Princes and great Lords in their refpeAive ler- ritoria, who were polTcffcd of more Gold than aity Princes upon dte Face of the Tiirth, at that Tint. This Governor, and his Officers, e^-ery Day hivented new Tdrment^ to make the JUiM»$ difcover their Gold ; fome they racked, others they burnt by Indies, till they expired in 1 nrments. Ptdrmritt, and his SuccciTors, did not liellroy Itfs (in that do- veronjor.t fr -^ ««h)iheiit only) tlMn eight tefirifcd thoifiiiMl P«^)lry»aMl phmdeml theOpontry of fttfCralMjUkmsofO^.^ ' The reft ^fi^'m-fim^ ^dMl^ North Pert of Sooth Amtrirm from D4tritm to the River €>iWM|M%4WM#ilMued bj^ prhraw-Ailventttfert at their own Charge)* everj^one beg^* certain Extent of (toontry of the Coort of .^a. ttd ^^deil: die NMiv«t m tiiey thooriK 4tt rkvaffing die miftiwle JbhabitaMs «diorwe9e^4e-<«»nakobittlitfi« RefiSaaoe. •-•■ *.' - • . • Thofe vAno niac^hnumhlambh pttfMf depopdated a Coon- try, which was before crowded with People for the Space of ^00 Leagoes; nor were they cgpient wit]^ barelv nia|G|criog thefe nufe* rable People but (H tilrrareq aHcl opprel&d uiqfe tpatiurvlved» that diey chole Dead! radlet' dlaa to livt uffder the Tyrfjk^y ip{ ti|« The Bifliop adds^ Xiai 'diiy jhad duried into Slaveir two MiL> h'ons of Ffeople fttm Hie* Cbul of Gutneat 6ir KeHu AnMafm^ ipiany of whdih pmfhed at Sea for want of Provifions, and the reft ia the Minei tad the ftel-EiflMriesH 0» thia Coaft tiiejr >daiifeyed lahny Thoufiudt, by compelUng them to dive fer Asadt ba^Mid ibm Strength. «» • - . - ' J. > % r-u In uie Province of Ftimat^ (diough the Poo^e readily fiduait* ted to die Dta^h vAGomm AdKentaters Ant ihiiii«r-fay.Ciar/ir V* and treated thcDi., with all the Goodaefr. aad Ho^ta% am^iaidde) they deftroved four Millions of Souls and upwarda» aad aM>ft of their Princes ana great Men were racked and tortured^ ibey oimiMd, to ' make dma diicover thaX^otd diefe ikvago Chntfant Aifpa^ d^y had concealed. ..! ;^ /♦ That die gtcateft Prince of this Coantiy» aaaod -JkMra (fion whom the caaiul City was afterwards galled SmttkFUtStputi waa tortured by the General for feveral Months to make bim-difctvit hie Gold and Emeralds; who in Hdp«s of being releafed from his Tor- mentors, premifod to fomifli them with aHpudb-Mllof Gold i aaid difpatching ExprefTes to eirtry Part of His l)ominions» broaght io a nrodigioas Qgantity { but the Hauie befog JBm-^fiim4iMi^ tmip m racked and irrturad I* mahc him prodaee NMMVt-fAich beiiM iapoffible, he ai^ad ia Torments aader the Haada of Ms lacidMa Perfecutors. It was « common Things- tA 'cat of tba Hands mA NaAi «f Men and WoMien in Sport, and gMw theai« to their Dog* -^ > «« ' ' They kept Packs lof great MaftiTs oa ParpaA to haat tifd tear In Fiecet the Imikum it was aa ordinary thinff to kittw/MriM wllbaai' any OSeace givea themt aad to M ar ttrethwf/MllwW aQpimr of a Maa, at they woald had a Neighbour aX^aaMer of Pork at MatioB, to iced their Dpgtt praaifrig to Mcata it ia Xiidr whoi thev killed a Slave. - . ' . * 1 ' ' • Others would go aat a Haatiag ftriMhnw, widi Mr Sbgi^ u they weald hoat Bcfdb^ and boaft of tMr»havlaf lulled laraaty or thirty in a t)ay ; which Ai£^ -howaieaftnNn Ibfva^' MMhatf la ba iae by the Tctimoay of Nombers of Witnt Act, oa the Tiialt t^ Na r^ — e^ sSz SPANISH AMERICA. Caufes in the Courts of Spain, between the feveral Adventuren, who frequently fell out about the Limits of their re^£live Provinces, ^ Diftribuuon of the Natives, and the reft of their Ploader ; and in theft Contefts, the Truth frequently came out. PERU. SituaiioH and Extent, Between Between { 5 \ {the 7 Equator IN and 25 J > Being 1 2000 Miles in Length. 500 Miles in Bieadth. BMnukrits."] BOUNDED hyPtpmm, on the Norths by the Mountains, or C»rJMria*s dtt Aiidt$t Baft; by Cbilit South ; and by the Piuifie Ocean, Weft. Divifions. Provinces. The North Divi- fion — — The Middle Di- vifion ■ The South Divi- fion — — Chief Towns. Siuito Payta. Lima, Cnfc9t and CtOm. \Pet$Jl \ Ptrct, Cmpu or PremtMttriu.] i. Cv^PafflM^ 8 Minutes South of the Eouator. 2. Ci^ St. Htlnta, 2 I^grecs, 20 Minutes S. and, 3. Cape ^AuKv, 3 Degrees, 45 Minutes S. £Mf, Bvfu tnul Httrhours.'] The only Sea which borders on Ptn U the Pittifo Ocean or Smk-Sta. The principal Bays and Harbonrt are, 1. Ptnta, in five Degrees S. Lat. a. Malmlirig»i 8. Degrees S. i. Giumebatt, 8 Ifegnea ic Minutes S. 4. Ce/ma, 9 Degrees 50 finutts S. 5. F«rmu$, a little South of the laft. 6 Gmra, ii Degrees S. 7. GsMm, the Po^ Town to £i«m, in iz Degrees to Minutes S. 8. 71», 18 Degrcti S. and, 9. Aritmt 18 Degrees 20 8. £«!».] The Lake of Tititsem u eighty Leagues round, fituate in dw Valley of CaUm ; the Middle of it is in 15 Deg. SL Lat. and 67 W.-ixm. From this Lake runs a River South, which forms the ^^ke of Paria, almpft ai large as the former ; there, are alio extenihre Lakes on the Mountains. Riwri.} There is a River whofii Waters are as red as Blood. The Rivers Griuu/t or Mmdnkiutt OrMNf m, Jmtiu», and i'iatt, tiSt ui the /hJf$, Agrett Blood. ^A rift great SPANISH AMERICA. 563 •A gtcat many other Rivers riie in the Jiuksi and ^ into the Pae^ Ocean, between the Equator and 8' S. Lat. PHrifiti Watm.'l There are fome Waters, which, m their Coarfe, torn into Stone ; and Fountains of liquid Matter, called Copfeyt re- finUing Pitch and Tar» and uftd by Seamen for die fame Purpofe. Face of tbt Coamtry.'] The Coaft of Ptm, which extends upwards of 15QO Mila alone ^e Patific Ocean, is a hi^h bold Shore. About tUrty Miles within Land u a Chain of Mountkms, called the Sierrm*t ; and beyond thefe, about eighty Miles, are prodigious high Moun- tains, called the Cordeleirit/s iet Jndtst which, with the Sitrra% nm the whole Length of South Amtricut upwards of three thon- fimd Miles. i/A".] \ Anfia relates, that endeavouring to pafs thefe Mnuntains, with a great many other People, they were all tdcen with fuch Reach- ings to vomit, that they thought they fliould have brought up their Hearts, for not only green Phlegm and Choler came up, but a gre;tt ' deid of Blood ; and that it laded for three or four Hours, till they had defccnded to the lower Part of the Hill ; and fome of them purged ioic Xy ; but generally this Sicknefs eoes off as they come down the tl^'V : t attended with no ill Contequences. 'I c > > was (b fubtile and piercing, that it penetrated the Entrails not «/aiy of Men but Beafts. That the Air here was too pure and fubtile for Animals to breathe in. Nor are there any Beafts upon them Wild or Tame. The Bpamardi formerlv pafled thefe Mountains in their Way td Cif/i, but now either go oy Sea, or by the Side of thefe .Mountains, to avoid the Danger, fo many having periftied in going over them ; and others, that have eicaped with their Lives, have loft their Finger* and Toes, and been lamed. Anfta fays, he was informed by General d^iUnt who loft three or four Toes in paffing this De/art to ClriUt that they fell off without any Pain ; and that the fame General marcK- a' over it once before with an Army, ^reat Part of his Men fu^idenly down dead, and their Bodies remained there without StencI or Corruption. It never rains in that Part of the Country which lies near the Sea*- Coaft, unlefs within three or four Decrees of the Equator ; but tht Country is watered by the Rivers whica fiUl from the An^t into tlM I Sutb-Stn I thefe they turn into the Fields and Gardens, and have their Vinuge and Harveft at what Time of the Year thev pleafe) this being die omy Country between the Tropics that aftbrds wine. mmds.] The Wind blows continually from the S. or S. W. at 8m I B«tf die Coift. They have bright Weather when the Sun is in tkr Northern Signs, limfhasy Weather when it is South of the Equator, though they hiave 1 BO Rain. Stii.] The fandy Plains near the Sea-(hore are perfeflly barren, loccpt fome few V allies, into whicii they turn fmall Rivulets that ' *^ Nna foU ff ' 5^4 SPANISH AMERICA. fall froin the Hills ; and except thai Fart of the Country which U«s near the Equator, where there are heavy Rains when the Sun it vertical. The Sierra*t alfo are barren Hills, but' there are feme fruitful Val. lies between them that produce almofl all Manner of Grain and Fruits. This Part of the Country is beft inhabited, beine the moft temperatei as well as the moft fruitful; for the Lannott or Tandy Phuns, near the Sea, are exccifive hot; and the J/idis are cold barren Mountain?, covered with Snow great Part of the Year. Product.'] The Ptruvian Sheep, called Poro's, or Hiutncu, aie oi the Bignefs of a Stag, and reiemble a Camel ; the Body is cov^ttd with a coarfe Kind d[ Wool ;* they are very tradable, and were tat. merly the only Beafts of Burthen among the Peruviaiu ; the ?U(h h very good Meat, and efteemed as innocent as Chickens. There were Ciravans of feveral Thoufands of thefe Animals, which carried the Merchandize of one Kingdom to another ; they are exceeding Aire, footed, and will travel over the fteepeft Mountains, with a Burdien of 60^ or 70 Pounds on their Backs. j The Ficunat to which the Spaniards gave the Name of the IrJiim Goat, fomething re&mbled that AnimaL , The J?^««ar Stone is found in it, and is as big as a Pigeon'i. E^rg or Walnut. It is faid this Stone will expel Poifons, and perform many notable j Cures. Their Deer are much lefs than ours ; they have not many wild j Beads, and tho{e not (6 fierce and dangerous as in this Continent. The Cattle imported from Europe are vaiUy increafed, and many of them run wild, and are hunted like other Game. The Perwviaus had no ume Fowl but the Nunnat moft refembliog the Duck, but much larger. Among their Fcreft-Trees, the moft va'uabTe is i\\t KtHjuttau, (x\ Peruvian Bark, which grows in the Province of^ito, on theMoun-f tains near the City of Loxa, in c Degrees S. Lat. This Plant is about the Size of a Cherrj'-Tree, the Leaves round and indented, andbnn a long reddifli Flower, from whence arifes a Pod with a Kernel like I anAUnond. Bark alio grows on the Mountains of Pe/f^, in 22De-| crees South Latitude, but neither the Flower nor Fruit have the bat\ Virtue as the Bark. They have now Plenty of Euretran Corn and Wine, and fow udl plant at any Time of tnc Year, introducing the Rivulets into thciil Grounds at Plcafure. The CaJJavi Root they make Bread of here, as in other Parts 1 JlmtrUa. The Ba(/am of Ptru proceeds from the Trunk and Branches cfi little Tree. Befides which, this Country yields Stcrax, Cuaiaeimt and other Gums and Drugs. Gold is found in every Province in Prm, waftied down from 1 N'o JOtiin.«i and is genersJIy of 1 3 or 20 Carrati. ThdrCar Wool of th( their Hamm« They had •nothg-; ev( almpft withii and Eatables «hq-s waiite jfrt$/!eers.] ntde of Co learned the Metal; and, with Cords ( Aarp Flints Manner with were wanting was done by remove a Pit Horfes would Want of ail tl M appears by SPANISH J ME RICA. 565 The Morcafitt is a Mineral, where the Gold and the Stone is formed and incorporated together, arid is called Gold Ore. Silver Mines abound ifi Peru, but thole cS Patofi are the richeft, dilcov«*ed in the Year I54p it is a lolid Rock, and the Ore (o hard, that they break it with Hammers, and it fplits as if it were Hint. There are ^ckfihvtr Mines near Llmat particularly in the Afoun- tains of Orepeza \ it is found in a Kind of Stone called Cinnai^ar, which alfo yields yermillim. The Spaniards did not difcover thefe Mines until the Year 1 567 ; and they did not begin to refine their Silver with Mercury at rotcfi^ until the Year IC71 ; whereby they extrafted a great deal more Silver ftcm. their Ore than they could do before by Fire. Quickfilver is fometimes found inclofed in Hs own Mineral, and fbmetimes fluid, and very often imbodied in natural Cinnabar ; thev make ufe of great Iron Retorts to feparate it from the Mineral, ancl, h/ the Fire and the frefh Water into which it falls, it is rendered fluid. lAanufaaurn^ As to ordinary fi'orkin;; Trades, there were no Fraternities or particular Men that applied themfelves to thefe, but every Man was his own Carpenter, Shoemaker, Weaver, Taylor, Mafon, ( Chains of Jewels and Shells 4)wat their Necks. Amuat de Herrera relates, that when the SfianiarJt firft invaded die t^ordi Part of Peru, they were oppofed by a People that were fiark paked, but painted, fome red, and others yellow ; but among thefe he informs us, there frere fome (probably their Chiefs) that had Maodes and other Garments made of Cotton, or of Wool, and tdomtd with Je>vels. The Women drefled in their Hair, which reached down to the Mid- dle of their Backs, ibojetimes loofe and flowing, and at othen braid- cd and twifted. Nothing omazed the Indians more than the Blacknefs of the Ntgr* Slaves the Spaniards carried with them i they cQuld not believe it W and e, and oCthe SheUs le Mid- braid* fftgn lieve it to SPANISH AMERICA. 567 to be natural, having never feen a Black in Amirita ; they defired the SpoHUtrdt therefore to let them nuke the Experiment, and try if thcjr could not wafli oft' the black Paint as they took it to be. Gtiums.'\ The People of /Vn» exceed moft Nations in die World inQuicknefs of Wit, and Strength of Judgment. Such of them at had the Advantage of Maftersi fince the Arrival of the Sfaiaardit became greater Proficients than the Spaniardi themfelvcs ; and would imitate any Tiling they law, fo exaftly, without being taught, that it furprizol the Eurofeam Artifts ; and as to ^eir hfemones, they generally exceed the Spc ' >, and would call up their Accounts by Knots, with mon ^ pecuwi *han an Evreptan cot ^' ' the Help of Cyphers. Friar Mark^ who went with fome of the firft Invaders from Patutmn to Pirut fays they found the Peruviant extremely hofpitable and kind, courteous in Converfation, and friendly to the SpaHiardttgw\n9 them Gold and precious Stones, Male and Female Slaves, and afl' Manner of Provifions : Nor did they offer to commit any Hoftilities, till the SpanittrJs, by their Outrages and Cruelties, compelled them to lUmd upon their Defence. * Religiim.'] The Peruviaas acknowledged, one Almighty Being, Maker of Heaven and Earth, whom they called Paeha-Camtu ; Paebm* in their Language, fignifying the Univerie, and Camatf the Soul ; PacbA-Camacj therefore fignmed him who animated the World. They did not fee lu..t, they could not know him, and therefore feldom ereAed Temples or oiFered Sacrifices ta him, but worlhipped him in their Hearts as the Unknown God ; though there was one Temple it feems in the Vallev, called from thence the Valley of Pacia- Camat, dedicated to the Unknown God, which was ftanding whea the Spamaris arrived in Piru. Their principal Sacrifices, officred to the Sun, were Lambs ; but they offered alio all Sorts of Cattle, Fowls, and Com, and even their b^ and fineft Clothes, all which they burnt in the Place of Incenfe, rendering their Thanks and Praifes to the Sun, for havinff foAuiwd and nourilhed all thofe Things for the Ufe and Support otMankind. They had alfo their Drink-^erings made of their Mmki or ItuUtut Com, fteeped in Water, and when they firft drink after their Meals, (for they never drank while they were Eating) they dipped fhe Tip of their Finger into the Cup, and, lifting up their Eyes with great Devotion, gave the Sun Thanks for theu- Liquor, before they pre- fume to take a Draught of it. All the Priefts of the Sun, that officiated in the City of Cufct^ were of the Royal Blood. Befides the Worlhip of the Sun, they paid fome Kind of Adoradoa to the Images of feyeral Animals and Vegetables, that had a Place in their Temple. Thefe were the Ima^s brought from the conquered Coantriet where the People worfhipped all Manner of Creatures, animate or inanimate; for whenever a Province was fubdued, their Gods were immediately removed to the Temple of the Sun at Cu/tt, ■ N n 4 They 5^8 SPANISH AMERICA, They had four grand FdHvals annually, bcfides thofe tli^ oele* brated every Moon ; the firft of dicir great Feafb, called ^Ajmi/, wa* held in the Month of JutUf immediately after the Sonuner S(^ce ; which they did not only keep in Honour of the Sun, that ble£fed all Creatures with his Heat and Light, but in Commemontion of their firft Inca, Manea Capac, and Coja Mama OcUt his Wife «i|d Sifter, whom the Inca's looked upon as their firft Parenu, defcended imme- diately from the Sun, and fent by him into the World to reform and . polifh Mankind. At this Feftival, all the Viceroys, Generals, Go- vernor's Caracca\ and Nobility, were aflembled at the Capital City of Cufc9. The Emperor or Inea, officiated at this Feftival as High-Prieft ; for though there waf anoiiicr High-Prieft of the Blood Royal, either Uncle or Brotiier of the Inea, to whom it belonged at other Times to oHiciate; yet, this being the chief Feaft, the /vra himfelf per- formed that Office. The Morning being come, the Inca, accompanied bv his Brethren and near Relations, drawn up in Order according to tneir Seniority, went in Procefiion, at break of Day, to the Mancet-pla^e bare-foot, where they remained looking attentively towards the Eaft, in Expec- tation of the Rifing Sun ; which no fooner appeared but they fell down and adored the glorious Orb, with the moft profound Vene- ration, acknowledging him to be their God and Father. ^ht Caraeca^s-\ affnA, Princes, and NobiUty, that were not of the Blood Royal, afTeinbled feparately in another Square, snd performed the like Ceremony. Then great Droves of Sheep and Lambs were brought, out of whici) the Priefts chofe a black Lamb, and, having killed and opened it, made their Prognoftics and Divinations there- upon, relating to Peace and War, and ether Events from the Entrails of the Keaft, always turning the Head of the Animal towards die Eaft, when they killed it. At to th4t No^ons the Ptruvians had of a Future State, it is evident fhat they believe the Soul furvived the Body, by the /vra's conftantly declaring they fhould ^ to Reft, or into a State of Happinefs pro- vided for them by their God and Father th^ Sun, when they left thi« World, Revolutions and memorable Ezeats. THE Coaft of Peru in South America^ was firft difcavered by ibme Ships fent frpm Pentimat by Va^'co JS'vmz de Bilhoa, in the Year 1^14; they returned to him with an Account of the Riches that Country affbrded ; but Vafco being recalled foon after, and put to Death, no Colonies were ient thither till fome Years after.' At length three bold Adventurers, viz. Diego Ahnagro, Francis Pinarrtt and Ferdinand de Lujue ^n Ecclefiaftic, raifed a Fund, (md entered into Artict'es to profecute the Difcovcry of Peru. In the Year 1525, Pixarro thereupon failed to the Bay of GmioftiiJ, near 1))^ Ifbod? of Pantf ^nd St, Hiarat in 3 Degrees S^ L|it. where he w'- SPANISH AMERICA. 5% fMt with a rich Prize, confiitii^g of filver Diihes and Utenfils : Bmk iiich were their Difliculties m ib-aggling againft oontmry Winds axd. Currents, that it was two Years beUM-c our Adventurers reached the Bay of Guafuili here they went on Shore, and ient fooie of thdr People to view the Country, who reported that they came to « Town called Ttmbez^ in which was a Temple dedicated to the Sua, wen repleniihed with Gold and Silver UteiuUs and Ornaments, »ui even the Walls lined with Gold ; whereupon thev cmbarlced again, and failed to 7 Degrees S. Lat. where they foona a pleaiaiit fruitfiil Country; and returned to Paaawia the latter End of the Year 4C27, in order to make Preparations i'or the abfolute Conquell of this defir* 9ble Coaft- And in the firft Place, Pizarro went over to Spain and procured « CommiiSon from the Emperor Charles V. to impower him and the reft of the Adventurers to make a Conquelt of Perut and Ihare the Profits of it ; and having raifed a Body of Forces, /et fail again for Americay and arrjvcd at Nomt/rt de Diest in Terra-jirma (or Dmriaf^ in January ici^p; having marched his Forces over Land to Panama^ be embarked, then^ there again, and adv^ced as far as Tumtez^ where he found the Peruvians engaged in a civil War, one Partjr defending their lawful Prince, and the other joinii)g an Ufurper cr Pretender to lus Throne. PizM-rp, jriining the Malecontents, made himicif Mafter of Tuo" li*t wh^re he found a prodigious Trcafurc ; and having built the Fortrefs of St. Michael's for the Security of his Conqueils, he ad- vanced to Caxamalcot where he underllood the Incay or Emperor of PtTH was encaniped, and met with an EmbalTy from that Monarc]| in his March, ofiering to fubmit himfelf and his Country to the Do- minion of the Spaniards i notwithftanding wl^ich, Pizarjro^ on the 3d of May i;32, treacheroufly fell upon the Indians &t Caxamalca, murdered fonie thonfands of them, and ipade the Emperor, or /nca, Prifoner ; foon after which Almagro brought him a further Reinforce- ipent of Troops. And now Pixarrq believing himfelf ftrong enough to fubdue th« Countf\', put the Emperor to Death, and marched towards the Capital City otCuJcOf which he took Pofleffion of in OSoter 1 53::- On the 6th of January 1 533, Pizarro laid the FounJation of Lima, which the Spaniards choie to make the Scat of their Govern- ment, and gave it the Name of t^e City of the Kings, it being begua on the Day the Eaftern Kings made their Pf-efents to our Saviour at Betbiem. • The Emppror QharUt V, being informed of thefe Con'qiiells, granted Pixarre the Vicefpyfliip of all that Part of Peru, extending from the Equator 400 Leagues to the Southward ; and toAlma^ro he granted all the Country 200 Leagues further South. Pizano waj made a Marquis, and ^/w^r^ro Marfhal of P/ra : whereupon they adcd inde- pendently of each other, and Almagro marched to the Southward, and invaded Chili, after he had with great Difficulty pafTcd the Andes, oa which he loll moft of his Men. Alma^ro having n^de ibtne FiogrpTs in (he Con(|ueft of Chifi. rctum«4 57d SPANISH AMERICA. tetarned to Cm/eot to repoflefs himlelf of it, beiiijj^ iBfimned tktt Phunto ddigned to difpute his Right to that Capital ; Imt haviiM (bffisred fo much in his Manch "over the jhdest he chde to maicn OTcr the Defart by the Sea-fide, which extended 200 Leacoes ; in which March his Men faffered as much by the Heat, iud theWant oi Water and Provifions, as they had done in the Mountains by die Cold j iMwever, he at length arrived at Cii/e»t and nude FertUmmit Phuurrt Prifoner, whom his Brother the Marquis had made Governor of that City. - Thus began a Civil War between the Marquis and jfhu^t, vrfiidi continued for (bme Time with various Succefs ; but at length the Forces of Almagro were defeated, and himfelf taken Priibner, and put to Death by the Pizam^s. And now the Marquis, bein^ iblely poilefled of the Empire of Peru; extended his Conquefts iarther Squdi, fending the nimous Baldi'via to penetrate farther into ChlU ; and about the fame Time difcovered the rich Silver Mines oULa Plata zxA P«*^' The Emperor Charles V. having Notice (rf" the Treafure found in Perut let the Pizarro*s know that he expeAed a Share in it ; bi^t they did not, and perhaps could not traniport enough at this Time to fopply his Wants, the Conquerors havmg fearce opened the Mines yet ; at which the .Emperor was To chagrmed, that he made one of the Pizarro's Prifoner in Spain ; though others fuggeft it was becaufe the Pizarro^s had abufed their Commiffion, and been guilty of 'great Cruelties and Oppreffions. In the mean Time the Marquis continuing to opprefs the jUma- grianst young Jllmagrot the natural Son of the Conqueror, formed a Party againft him, and killed him in his Palace at Lima ; after which the young Almagro was proclaimed Viceroy of Perut on the 26th iX June 154 1. But Vatca de Caftro^ a new Viceroy, arriving from Europe^ defeat- cd Jlmagro, took him Prifoner and beheaded nim. GouKoU Pizarrtf afterwards ufurpine the Govemmmt of /V«, was defeated, and put to Death by (^/cot the Prefident of Lima, Anno- 1548. This InfnrrefUon being fupprefTed, feveral Commanders were fent upon new Conquefts, and particularly BaUivitt, to endeavour to compleat the Conqueft of Chili. SahUvia Mi entered on this Conqueft in 1540, and founded the capital City of St. Jago,jHtto 1541. He afterwards built the Town of Coauimhot or Strena, but the dvil Wars breaking out again between tne Spaniards in Pern, he was obliged to return thiuier, leavihg the Command of his Forces to Pratui/to FaBagra his Linitenaiit, from whom the Cbikfians recovered great Part of their Country again, and it was with Difficulty that rilU^a defended himfelf in St. Jago. Baldivia, returning to Chili with a ftrong Reinforcement of TVoops, relieved his Lieutenant, who was befieeed in St. Jaga, n- (oviuwd the Country he had loft, and built the Town of Cotueftimi, io 37 Degrees S. Lat. and afterwards the City Jmftriai, in 39 De- grees, fent to I the civil was to ered that ^t of re- ptiM, k[ree8( SPANISH AMERTCA. 571 giee«» and BtLDvi* in ao ; but tynuuuzing over the Chikfimiu, it oc* cafl6ned a general Revut, in which BaUUvim was ttkca Piifoner, and Mt to DeaUi by fouring melted QciA down his Hiroat. Moft of ^ Towns he had built wcve taken* and the Sfmmards, in a Manner, drivca pat ofCkili I howtver, they recovered tlus Towns near the Sea-Coa^ and fiill remain potfljfled of them. The Dutci endcavoared to fettk Colonies on this Coaft in the Year l6j.^f but coiiid not c£P^ it. Sir Jolm Narhtru^b was fent by the King of Grua-Brittdm, {Cbarles 11.) to take a View of the Coaft of CMi, Atmt 1670 ; bat on the Report he maile of his Voyase, it was not thought prafiicable to make any Settlements on that Side. CHILL Between Between if i ( 45 3 Situation and Extent, 1 WXon. Being 1 200 Miles in Length. 600 Miles in Breadth. On the Weft the AnJes, ins. ft Side of r • 1 BounJaries.] TJ O U N D £ D by Ptru^ on the Nwth ; by Lm Jfl PtatOj on the Eaft ; by PatcgoHia^ en tlM South ; lupd by tHe Pacific Ocean, on the Weft, Divifions. Provinces. Chief Towns 7 f St.7^t>, W.Lon. 77. J [^Imperial. Lakes an J Rivers.] The principal Lakes are thofe of TVi^afa/iMi near St. Jagc, and that of Paren. Befides which, they have feveral Salt- Water Lakes that have a Communication with the Sea, Part of the Year. In ftormy Weather the Sea forces a Way into them, and leaves them full of Fiih ; but in the hot Seafon, the Water congcaki leaving a Cruft of fine white Salt a Foot thick. Their Rivers are, i. The River SalaJe, or the Salt-Rivo- on the Confines of P«r«. 2. The River Co/>^0. ^. Gua/c9. ^.Cejumh, y GevanaJort. 6. Chiapa. 7. Valparifo 8. Monaco. 9. Moult, )0. Itata. II. Boiie. 12. Imperial i and, 13. BaUivia. All whicl| ran into the Pacific Ocean, and, falling predpiutely ftom the Moon- twu, are not navigable much beyond their Moudis. SUI9 £72 SPANISH AMERICA. , B»yh Staf, and Harbouri.'] The only Sea that borders upon Chili, ii that of the Paeific Ocean on the Weit. The principal Bays or Harbours are, i. Copiapt, in 26 Degrees of South Latitude. 2. Cofuimit, in 30 Degrees S. 5. GevaKMfertf in 31 Degrees 20 Minutes S. 4. f a/par tio, 32 Degrees 30 Mi- nutes S. 5. Ifaia, 34 Degrees 35 Minutes S. 6. Conception, 37 De- grees S. 7. Santa Maria, 37 Degrees 30 Minutes S. H> La Mamcha, 38 Degrees 30 Minutes S. 9. Voldiktia, 40 Degrees S. 10. Bivwert liaven, 41 Degrees 30 Minutes S. and, 11. Cefiro, 42 Degrees 30 Minutes S. Face tfihe Country. '\ The Face of the Country is like that of J*^* ; the Coa^ of Chili is a high bold Shore ; further within Land rife higher Hills called Sierrtis, and beyond them the Andest the higheft Mountains in the World, down which the Rivers ran precipitately into the Pacific Ocean, few of them being navigatile. Air and Soil.] Both the Air and the Soil on the Well Side are abundantly Letter than on the Eall ; for when the Eaft Side of the Andes is cox'ered with grofs Vapours, the Heavens are brieht and clear on the Weft; the Eail Sicle alfo is a barren Defart, but th( Weft produces all Manner of Corn, Fruits, and Flowers, in the great- eft Plenty. When Writers therefore relate, that the Cold is ievere in C&ili, and the Rivers frozen, this is only to be underdood of the Tops of the Mountains, where the Rivers and Springs are really frozen up in the Winter-Seafon ; but the Country near the Pacific Ocean enjoys a line temperate Air, and a clear, ierene Heaven moft J*art of the Year. Thofe, who pafs the hi^heft Fart of the Mountains, feel an Air lb piercing and fubtile, that it is with DiiEcul^ they breathe, as rela- ted in the Defer iption of Peru. There are in this CorJel»ira, or Chr.In of Mountains, a great many Vulcano's, whicli Ibmeximes break out and caufe very terrible and afloniihing Eife^ls. Produce."] The Soil produces all Manner of Corn and Wine almoft, and fuch Fruits as are found under the like Parallels in Europe and AJSa ; their Bread was m^de of Mazie or Indian Corn before the Wheat Qi Europe was brought over. Animals.'^ Their Animals are the fame as in Peru, and the Horfes and neat Cattle brought from Europe are valUy multiplied, many of which ruu wild in the Mountains, and are hunted for their dl as Courage, Fortitude, and Patience. They endure Fatigue, Heat, and Cold, to Admiration, and the Sfaniardt could never totally fubdu« them. They feem to be ftill Mailers of the Inland Country ; but they have fome Vices as Virtues. They eat and drink to mat Excefs, particularly at their Feftivals, when they dance and drink alternately, as long as they can Hand. T A "T A G O N I Ai Patagonia is fimetimes iefcribtd at Part efQh'.W -. im at r^k Spaniard!) nor any ether European Nation, have an^Cooiiet hertt but it it yet inhabited only by the Indians, / flfoll Jejmbe it at a diftinS Country from Chili, and include the IJland of Terra del Fogo, /rem ivbicb it itjepdraled onfy by the narrow Strait ey Magellan, /rom njubtnct tbit Ceuniry it fometimei called Terra Ma^i;ellanica. Situation and Extent, Between Between { 5? h c 57-30 J Lat. > Being 700 Miles in Lengdu. 300 Miles in Braidtbf Bmid0titt.\ 574 SPANISH AMERICA Beimdaries.} 'QOUNDED by Chilis and a ddiurt Coontf* On J3 die North ; and by fheAtiamic and Pacj/k Ocauu« on the Eaft, South, and Weft. Bayif Cafes, and Straits.] The chief Bavs are, i. Port ihjbv. 2. Port St. Julian on the £all Side. 3. The Bay of St. JeM^ ; and, 4. The Bay of our Lasfy, on the Weft. The chief Capet are, 1. Qipe Blanco, r. Cape Virgin, and, 3. Cape St. Vincent, on the Eaft. 4. Cape htrn, W. Lon. 80. S. Lat. ^7-30. the moft Southern Promontory of America, t. Cape Defeiada. 6. Cape ViOory\ and, 7. Cape CerfO on the Weft. The principal Straits are, i. Tlut of ilf.[^«^, which ieparates the Continent from Terra del /W» ; the whole Length of which Strait is 1 16 Leagues, and the Breadth in fome Places u not half a League, tho' in oUier Places it is three or four Leagues over. About the Middle of this Strait is a Promontory called Cape Frtward, which is the moft Soothei^Iy Land on the Continent of Soiab America, for Terra del Foge is properly an Ifland, being divided from the Con- tinent by this narrow Strait, as obfcrved aTOve. Cape treward is in 53 Deg. c2 Min. S. Lat. 2. The fecond Strait is that of La Maire, which lies between the moft Eafterl^ Point of Terra del Fego and States Ifland. 3. Brewers Strait, which lies between States Ifland, and another Ifland further Eaftward. The two laft Straits, Mariners pa6 in order to fiirround Cape Horn ; but Lord j/n/on ad- vifes thofc, who are bound for the Pacijk Ocean, to fail to die Eaft- ward of both thofe Iflands. MoMttains.] It is a mountainous Country, covered with Snow great Part of the Year, and confequently exceiEve cold, much colder than in the North under the fame Parallels of Latitude. Nor is it at all cultivated by the Natives, who live chiefly upon Fifli and Game, and what the Earth produces fpontaneoufly. The Spaniards, who built a Fort upon the Straits of Magellan, and left a Garriibn in it to prevent any other European Nation pafllng that Way into the South Sea, loft mpft of their Men, who periflied for Want of Food ; from whence the Place ob< tained the Name of Port Famine ; and no People have attempted to plant Colonics here ever flnce. As for the Natives they live in little thatched Huts, and wear no Cloatlis, notwithftanding the Ri^ur of the Climate, CleatbiwgJ] except a Mantle made o\ a SeaUflun^ or the Skin of fome Beaft, and that they throw off* when they are in A6tion. Stature. The People are of a m()dcrate Stature, not Giants as the C^mpUxion.l firft Adventurers related, Their Complexion tawny, and their Hair black. They are a brave hardy Race* and verv active ; their Arms, Bows and Arrows headed Ptunt their ) with Flints. 'They paint their Faces and bodies with Bodies. \ feveral Colours. They have Canoes or Boats made of the Body of a Tree hollowed ; and thehr Nets are made of the ^ibrei of the Bark of Trees, or of (he Gati or Sinews of Aftimali. At to thek Religion or Govcm< mcnt, Air.] Feod-i A h*rren Soil. Hot/is.] \ Boats.] fiets.] SPANISH AMERICA. 575 ment. Travellers do not take tfpon them to gire us any Account of thefe, only it is Aifilciently evident that they NotC/UMi' I are not Canibals, as fone Adventurers related on the Ms. j firft Difcovery of this Country. L A P L A r ji. Situation and Extent. Between Between \ and fw. Lon. \ and VS.Lat. I Being i 1 5 CO Miles in Length. looo Miles in Breadth. TIOUNDED by Jmazoiiia, on the North j hj BoMnJmrits.l Brmdit Eaft ; by Pmtpgemat on the South ; an^ by Pern and CMi, Weft. Divifioni. Provinces. Chief Towm. r Paragma Eaft Divifion con- J Parana tains I Guatra South Divifion kit dt Im PUt* HAffimptiom St. Jtme OviiadRtti Ut Reyes. BmntjhrestVf . Lofl. Hat. Jag* Biumijh 60. S. Ux. 36. RhMTs."] 'ths chief Rivers are, i. PmmgMeit which rifes out of the Lake Xmtaym^ in 15 Deg. S. Lat. and running almoll South, unites its Waten with the XJreuum in 34 Deg. after which it receives the River cfPleUtt by which Name the united Streams are called, ftlling into the JtUmtic Ocean below Butms Ayret. Parmnts RiVer alfo riles in the North, and falls into the Paragua in a8 Deg. S. Lat. Thefe Ri- vers, rifing within the Tropic of Cs^rUtns, overflow the level Cona- cry, and render it as fruitful as the Nik does Sgjft. S*M, Cmftst Beys, imi Laies.] The only Sea that borden upon Im Ptatm is the Jttemtu Oeeem : The principal Bay is that at the Mouth of the River PLaat on which ftands the capiul City <^ Butms Jhm I and Cape St. jAttm*, at the Entrance of that Bay, is the onlv I^romoBtory. This Country abounds in Lakes ; Xtrny is the largc^ out of which the great River Pmragua rifes. These is another named Cesreumrtts, fituate m 30 Degrees 8. Lat. 100 Miles long ) and a Third called Femreu, in 31 Degrees S. Lat. Fesct tf the Ctuistry.'] It confiftt of cxtenfive Plains, too Leagues over, except on the Eaft, where it is fcparatcd by high Mountains from from Braxifi and on the Weft are the JaJtr, which iepante it from ftntaadC&iU. Buemt jfyrest the chief Town, is fituate on the South-Side of the River Platen fifty Leagiies within the Mouth of it, W. Lon. 60. S. Lac. 36. and is feven Leslies broad at this City. Thi» it one of the moft confiderable Port Towns in S^iat AmerUa, lor there we meet with the Merchandize of Eurefe and Peru : And from hence ^at Part of the Treafore of Chiii and Pent is exported ID E$irepe : hither alfo Part of the Negroes were fetit, by the Jffitmt CoBtraft with Great SritaJtt. AJfumttion is fituate in 15 Deg« S. Lat. near the Confluence of the Rhrers La Plata and Paragua. The Natives lived in Tents and led a wandering Life like the Taxfarst when the Spamards arrived here. . The Spamifif Jefuits are Sovereigns of the Countiy between the River Paragua and Brazily being a moft dcftrable Climate^ and one of the mou fruitful Countries in the World. The SpAmardi firft difcovercd this Country, (ailing up the River laPlataf Antn 1 5 15; and founded the Town of Buenos jfyres in »SJ5- Per/uif andHe^ts.} The Natives are of a moderate Stature and well proportioned, their Faces flat, and rather round than oval ; their Complexion Olive* and they have long black Hair, as lirong as Horfe Hair : They formerly wore the Skin of feme Beaft over their Shoul- ders .as a JMantle* and another about thcit Waill, but now conform l» dit Spanijb Faihiont. Gttuut.J They are a brave People, but laty and indolent, and doll at Int^entioit, but imitate any Thing almoft, and are become cieellenC Mechanics flnce the Europeam Have furniflitd tham wiih nttcrhff* Marriaget.'] The(e Imliant anciently allowed of Polf^my and ConcnbiMige, and the greateft Objc£Uon they had to ChrilUanity wai, the Fathers confining one Man to one Woman ; The Jefuits now cblige them to marrv when the Man i« Sixteen, and the Woman Fourteen. Here the Woman in a Manner, courts the Man ; for the veet to the Miffionary when flie fees a Fellow flie likes, and acquaint! Shu with her Pla^n ; whereupon the Miflionary fends for the Man, and propolea the Matter to him ; which, if he approves, the Match ia made* and they receive the Blefling of tlic Piiclt. 4^/iMr.l The original Inhabiunts worfln'pped the Sun, Moon, lad Stars, Thunder and Lightning. Tliey worlhippcd alfo Gro\e«, RiTert, and Animals ; but the Jefuits relate, that they have aiadc good Cathdlcs of them. AMJZOKIA. SPANISHAMERICA. S11 AMAZONIA, Situatioft and Extent, K^WCCB Between . Lon. N. Lat S. Lat. . ► Being < 1 200 Miles in Length. 960 Miks in Breadth. { t } Btwdtriti. T>OUNDED by Terra-J!rma, on the North; by J3 Bra/li and the Atlantic Ocean, on the Eail ; by an- other Part ofBrafil and La Plata, on the South ; and by Peru, on the Weft. Nam."] This Country obtained the Name of Amazonia from OriUana, who failing down the great River, which runs crofi this Country, and feeing Women on the Banks with Arms in their Hands, which they carried only to cafe their Haibands, as they do the Baggage in -JL their Expeditions, he gave them the Name of AmoKant. Riven.] The River of Amazon is one of the btf^ Rivers of the World, riles in ^tio, almoft under the Equator, m 76 Degrees of Weftern Longitude, and, running Sonth-Eaft till it joins the River Xanxa, continues its Courfe almoft due Eaft in South Latitude 4 Degrees, for upwards of 1500 Miles, when, turning towards the Nwth, it difeharges itfelf by feveral Channels, almoft under the Equator, into the Atlantic Ocean ; it being computed, that with all hs Turnings and Windings it runs hear 5000 Miles, and is generally two or three Leagues broad ; but in the rainy Seafon it overflows the Country, and at the Month is above ico Miles broad, and 500 Leagues from the Mouth it is 30 or 4oFatnom deep : There are near too Rivers, which fall into it on the North or Soutn. Air.] The Air is cooler here than could be expelled fo near the Squator, which proceeds from the heavy Rains that oocafion the nu- merous Rivers to overflow their Banks one half of the Year, and from the doudy Weather and the Shortncfs Of the Days, which never ex- ceed twelve Hours. A brilk eafterly Wind alfo cools the Air, which btows from the Atlantic Ocean auite through the Country, fo ftrong, that Veflels are thereby enabled to fail arainft the Stream, and per- form a Vovage almoft n foon up the Rjver Amazon, as down it, which is a Voyaee of eight or ten Months. Here arc terrible Storms of Thunder ana Lightning during the Time of the Rains. Their fidr Seafon is when the Sun is at the sreatell Diitance from them, and the wet Weather when the Sun is Vertical, or near it, as it is About the Vernal and Autumnal Equinox. Q 9 Prodmte.'l '578 SPANISH J KTE R TCaI PreJuce.] The Trees o£ tl»is Country are all Evcr-grett»s, aii^' thej^ have Fruits, Flowers, and (lerha^e all the Year round. Their Fruits are Cb£oa-nuts, Anana's, or Pine Apples, Guava's, Bonana's, and fuch other Fruits as grow within the Tropics. Their Foreft Trees arc Cedar,- Brafil-wood, Oa!;, Ebony, Log-wood, Iron-wood, and many Sorts of Dying- Woods ; and they have the Canda, or Cinnamon as foine call it, becaufe it has a Bark which fomething refemblcs Spice. They have If/e/ia» Corn, and the Caflavi Root, of which they make Bread. The Country alfo produces- Cotton, Sugar, Yams, Potatoes, and Sarfnparilla. Mann/azures.'] They fpin and weave themfelves Cotton Garments. The Materials of their Haufes are Wood, Thatch and Clay,. BuiUtKgs.'] They build no higher than the GrcHind Floor, and vfually upon an Eminence out of the Way of the Flood, but not far from fome River. Go-vernmetit,'] The Banks^ of every River almoft are inhabited by a different People, governed by their refpedtive Caciques, or Sove- reigns, who are dwinguilhed from their Subjects by Coronets of bi^utiful Feathers. jlrms and ff^ars.l Their Arms are Bows,^ Arrows, ^ad Spears ; and tKey engage weir Enemies frequently on the Water as well as the Land, though they have no better VeiTeis than Canoes, which are only great Trees made hollow. Per/oiu and Haiits.] The Natives are of the ufaal Stature, have tawny Complexions, good Features, long black Hair, and black Eyes. Sometimes wtar Mantles made m the Skins of BeaAs, but generally go naked. They are a humane hofpitabk Peoplcr have a Genius for Painting, and make good Mechanics. IVomen.1 They allow of ^oiigamy, or a Plurality of Wives and Concubines. And the Women here, as in ether ^iMrnV^nNationsr do the moft laborious Works^ Reliiion] They worihip the Images of their ancient Heroes, or fubordinate Deities, and carry their Gods with them in their Ex- peditions ; but we hear of no Temples or Orders of Prkfts afflon|; shem. Revolutions and mmoralile Events. IT is very uncertain who were the original Inhabitants of this Country ; the firft Notices the Eureptant had of it were from the Spaniards and Pertu£ufji, who were fcnt to make Difcoveries up and down the River of Amazon ^ which was not till after the Conqueit of Ptru was compleated. GcHzela Pizarro, Brother of the Marquis who conquered Peru, accidentally difcovcred this Rivrr in the Year cq^o, and being in* formed that it paflcd through a Country v^eil n:;)Ic&iiltv& with (jo1(1> iit and' 'heif ma's, oreft toad, a, or thing ot, of >ugar, ments. ir, and at not ited by r Sovc- nets of Spears ; I well as I, whiciv ire, have id black ails, bat Painting, rives and Nationsr [eroes, cr [their Ex- among, Its of this from the |es op and onquell of pred PfUf [being in* ^'ith Ciold» III SPANISH AMERICA, 5>^ ie determined to fearch out the Conrfe of it ; for which Purpofe he aflembled 340 Veteran Sptntp Soldiers, Horfe and Foot, and four thoufaud Indiatut to carry his Ammunition, Provifion and Bageage, with whom he fet out from i^/Vo, which lies near the Eauin^al* but was much incommoded by continual Rains, and a flooded Coan" try, until he came to the Mountains of the Andis^ which were tovcred with Snow, and (o exceflive cold, that he loft mapy of his Miam by the Severity of the Weather : Several Spaniards alfo pe- fifl'ed by the Hardihips they underwent, and for want of Provifion* if. the Defart Countries they pafliid through ; and the Bogs, Lakes, and Morafies, with which the Country abounded, much retarded their March bv Land. They built a Brigantine, which enabled them to crofs the River, and avoid the Impediments they met with bn that Side where they were. After wnich Orellana was made Captain of the Brigantine, and Fifty Men being put on Board of it, Pizarro ordered them to £ul down the River m Search of Provi- fions, and return to him again as foon as poflible ; but Orel/ana^ Inllead of purfuing his Orders^ continued his Voyage down the River, jind left Pizarro and the People with him- to dilengage themfeWe* from the Difficulties they were in as well as tliey could. Pizarro having long waited for Oreilana in vain, returned with the few People he had left to ^ite in Ptru ; for in this Expedition all the 4000 Indians pcriihed, and but 80 Spaniards remained alive <^ 340 he carried out. In the mean Time Orellana continued his Voyage to the Mouth i)f the River, where having built a more commodious Brijgantine» he entered the Atlantic Ocean, and failed to the Jiland ot Trinity 6n the Coaft of Caribhiaua ; from whence he went to Spain, an4 giving that Court an Account of the great Di/coveii^s he had made» he obtained a ComihiiKon for the Conqueft of that Country, to which he had given the Name of Amazonia, and being joined by five hun- dred V oluntiers, moft of them yoiing Gentlemen-, he arrived in the Mouth of the River A/naxfin in the Year 1 554, but met with fo many Difficulties before he had failed a hundred Leagues up the River, that he abandoned the Enterprize, and di between 74 and S? Degrees W. I 3. Conetflin i* m ftgat 25 Leagues North of St. Jhrnitigt, founded by Cdumbus^ from whence he had the Title of Duke Dt la Vega. The chief Towns belonging to the French in Hi/patdda, are, 1. Petit Guwtity W. Lon. 73 Degrees, N. Lat. 16. a Port Town, £tuate on a Bay at tlie Weft End of the If id. 2. Legantt another Port Town, fituate on the fame Bay. 3. P«rt Lewis, a good Harbour on the South- Weft Part of the Ifland. 4. Cape Francis, the moft eafterly Settlement of the Frtntb on the Korth Shore. Porto Rice, is fituate between 64 and 67 Degrees W. Lon. and in 18 N. Lat. about 1 20 Miles long, and 60 broad. This lihnd confifts of little fruitful Hills and Vallies, and produces the fame Fruits as the former Iflands, and is equally nnhealthful in the rainy Seafon. The Town of Porte Rice, or St. John, is fituate m 6c Degrees W. Lon. iS N. Lat. in a little Ifland on the North Side of the main Ifland, fonnine a capacious HaHiour, and joined to the chief Ifland by a Caufey, and defended by Forts and Batteries, which render the Town inaccefllble. The Virgin Iflands, fitnate at the Eaft End of Perte Rice, are ex- ceeding fmall. The Ifland of Trimdad is fituate in the Atlantic Ocean, between 60 and 62 Degrees W. Lon. and between 10 and 1 1 N. lat. 90 Miles long, and 60 broad ; feparated from die Continent of ifiuM- A^, in Terra-firmih hj the narrow Strait of Beee Al Drem, 80 Miles N. W. of die River Oreneqni ; »p unhealUifU* but fruitful Soil, modttdng Sugar, Tobacco, Indigo, Cotton, Ginger, and /«- Man Ctom. Mmrgarttta is fituate in 65 Degrees W. Lon. and 1 1-30 N. Lat. 60 Miles N. of the Condnent ofYerra-firma, and 200 W. of Trinity, being ^o Miles long, and 24 broad ; there is very litde Wood or Water in this Ifland. The principal Iflands belonging to Spain, in the Pacific Ocean, are, Cbiiee, on the Coaft ofChiU, and thofe in the Bay o( Panama, called the Kings, or />r«r/ Iflands ; Jnan Fimaade, fituate in the ?«• cijic Ocean, 300 Miles Weft of CM' in Jnurica, W. Lon. 83. S. Lat. 33 Degrees. Gamfage*t Iflands fituate in the Pacific Ocean, under the Equator, 400 Miles W. of Pern, between 85 and 00 Degrees W. Lon. GeLfen Ittimd, Kit of Pines, SamiaUas mBiadi, tmd Ba/linuntei near Perte Belie, in Jerra-frma. O 3 Deminient Sp% PORtUCVESU AMERICA. Dminiom of PORTUGAL in South Apicrio|, B 1^ A Z J L. Between Between I i 60 Situation and Extent. r the Equator and 35 >W.Lon. ;S.Lat. ^ Being < Ijop Mjlss i»i Itri^ii 700 Miles in Breadtbi BoUHdarieiJl BOUNDED by the Mouth of the River Ammam^ and the Atlantic Oceai)* on the North ; by thd fame Ocean, on the Eaft ; by the Mouth of the River PlatOy l^outh \ knd by a Chain of MountAms, which divide i( fvom SfMHifi> Amtrica^ and tlie Country of ^as;«xr/. Oil the Weft, ' DiviAons. North Diviiion con- tains the Captain- flups of ■ ' Sabdivifipns. Pata — — . Marlgnan — Siara - Petaguts Rio-gran.ie 6. Payraba •— 7. Samara Middle Piviilpn ■ contains tainlhips Chief Towns. 'Paroy or "BeHm Si. Lenuit Siara ' St. Luc ^ Tignaret I Paj/raia I tMtUtfM J y^Olinda. 'Seregippt the I St. SaJvathri W, Ut f ;he^n Divifion \\^' mtalns the Cap-< inihips of — — I |* $0Ut1 contains tail 8 Ptrnambuco - (9. Seregippt ^ • to. Bahiay or iz. /^r/fl Siguro — II Parto Stguro 13. Sfirito Sanffo ~J \,Sfirito StttUle. Riojatuito — T CSt.Sebaftiant'W, {\ Lon. 44. S. Lat. 23^ St.yintent — fS St. Vincent Del Rev- } {^St. %^ador. There are fome fmall Iflands Jn the Coalt of Btafilt where Ships touch fometimei for Provifions in their Voyage to the Semb-Seas ; particnlarly, 1 ■ FerHandd, in 3 Degrees $. Lat. 2. St. Barbara^ in x8 Degrees S. IM. and, 3. St. CathtriHe\ in 28 Degrees S. Lat. Rivers."] The principal Rivers are, i . Siara, which gives Name to a Province. It runs from the S. W. to the H. E. and rails into the Jltlantie Ocean in x Deg. odd Min. S. Lat. near the Town of Siara, t, Bio-grandt, whicn gives Name to a Province ; runs from W. to E. ana falls into the fame Ocean in 5 Degrees odd Minutes South Lat. 3. Par ail a River, which runs from W. to E. and divides the i'lcviiicc PVRTTTGUESE AMERICA. sH Province of Pajraia in two equal Parts, fidling into the Sea io 6 Degrees odd Minutes S. Lat. 4. Tamwra River, which runs paralldl to uie la^ and falls into the Sea at the Town of Tammra. 5. Rit Reait which falls into the Sea a little North of the Bay of JU Saintu 6. Rio $t. /fjittmto, which divides the Province of Jliees from Segm-a^ and Ms into the Sea in 16 Degrees S. Lat. 7. Illecs River, which funs paraUel to the laft River, and &lls into the Sea near the Towft ,ofj/oees, in 15 Degrees S. Lat. 8. RioDoUe, which falls into the Sea in 20 Desrees S. Lat- There are alfo three Rivers which run near and parallel to it* viz. The River of Crocodiles, the AUquom and St. Michael, o. JPariia River runs through the Province rf Sfirito SattiHe, and falls into the Ocean in 22 Degrees odd Mnut^ S. Lat. 10. Rio Janeiro runs through the Province to which ifc gives its Name, and falls into the Ocean in 23 ^ Degrees of S. LxC II. The Mouth of the River of Plata, which makes theSouthetf Boundary of this Province. Seas, Bays and Harbostrt, €afi^. Or Premntoriex.'] The Athntk Ocean waihes the Coaft of Brafii on the North-£ail and South for three thoufand Miles .and upwards, wherein are feveral fine Baya and Harbours, 1. The Harbour of Pemambucc, or xHMRecief, in 7 Degrees 30 Minutes S. Lat. a. The Harboqr or Bay of Jll Saints^ in 13 Degrees odd Minutes S. Lat. 3. The Harbour oi Porto Seguro, in 16 4 Degrees of S Lat. 4. The Port and Harbour of Ri» Janeiro, in 23 DeCTces S. Lat. 5. The Port of St. Vincenf, in 25 Degrees S. Lat. 6. The Harbour of St. Gairiel; and, 7. The Poiit of St. Salvador^ on the North Shwe of the River La Plana^ near th^ Entrance of it. The principal Capes are, i. Cscpe Rojue, in 4 Degrees odd Mi- nutes S. Lat. 2. Cape St. Juguftin, in 8 Degrees S. Lat. 3. Capi Frio, in 23 Degrees S,. Lat. and, 4. Cape St. Marj, in 34 Degrees S. Itijf> Province of la Plata, and in thefe are innumerable Sorings and Ukes, from whence iffue Abundance of Rivers that fall into the great Rivers jfyuBCM and la Platat or run crofs the Country from vi'cft to Eail.- Oo 4 and 584 PORTVdU ES E AMERFG A. and ftll into the JtUmtU Ocean ; which laft are very numerous, and of great Ufe to the Portugue/e m taming their Sugar Mill*. Sea/tHs.'} As to the North o'iBrofiU which lie:* almoft under the Equator, this, like other Countries in the like SitnatioB, is fabjed to great Rains and variable Winds ; particularly in the Months of March and Septtmbert when they have fuch Deluees of Rain, widi Storms and Tornadoes, that the Country is overffowed, and die Air VnhealthAll. As ||Q| the more Southern Provinces oiBmJilt there is no Coontry between the Tropics where the Heats are more tolerable, or the Air more healthful than this* being conliandv refrefhed with Breezes from the Sea, and sdMundin^ in Lakes and Rivers, which annually overflow their Banks ; and m the Inland Part of the Country the Winds from the Mountains are ftill cooler than thofe that blow from the Ocean. Animali and Prufuet.] The Beafts that were found m this Country were the fame with thofe alreadv defcribed in Mtxico and Pirn. Their Fowls are the fame alfo as in Peru. The Sugar of this Country is much better than that we bring Home from our Plantations, for ul the Sugar that is made here is clayed, which makes it whiter and finer than oar Mu/ioyadf, as lye call our unrefined Sugar. Trfidt.] The Ships that ufe the Cuinta Trade, carry* out from thence Ruip, Silgar, the Cotton-Cloths of St. Ja^»t Beads, (ffr. and bring in Return, Gold, Ivory, and Slaves, makmg very good Returns. The fmall Craft that belosg to Rio Janeiro^ are chiefly employed in carrying Euroftan Goods from Babiat the Center of the BrttfiUoH Trade, to other Places on this Coaft, bringing back hither Sugar, Tobacco, (sTc. They are failed diietly with Negroe Slaves, and about Cbriftmas thefe are moftly employed m Whale-killing, for about that Time of the Year a Species of Whales are very numerous on this Coaft : They come alfo into the Harbours and Inland Lakes, where the Seamen go out and kill them ; the Fat or Blubber is boiled to Oil ; the Lean is eaten b^ the Slaves and poor People. The Bay and River ofkie Jamiro are now reforted to by the Ptr- ttuutftj as much «s any Part of Srafil, on Account of the Gold and J>iamonds that have been difcovered in the Mountains to the Well- ward of this and the neighbouring Province oiSt. Vincent ; thefe have occafioned the building and peopling the Banks of the Jkviex Jamirot more than any Part m Brafit. Gevemmfiit.] The Natives do not live without Government ; they have Kings In their refpedtive Territories, who adminifter Ju- Aice according to the Cnftom of their feveral Countries, though they kave no written Lawb; and where one Man has injured anodier, he is obliged to make him Satisfa£Uon in Kind, if it be poffible ; wd AO Pf oplc ut more hofpitable to Strangers than the Br^fiUms Pt>RTUGUESE jfMRRICA 585 aie ; fe fiur arc they firom murdering luid devouring Fpreignen. even Inr the Relation of thofe veiy Pwtugu/t that have reprelented them a» Quwibali. Vatvvtt\ The Ptrt$fMifi and Dmtcb Writers give the Name of Ttfmftrt to the Natives who inhabit the North Part dT Brsfit, •nd the Name of Tufinambms to thofe who dwell in the Soudi Of it. Per/oHs and Haiit/.] The Taptyers are Men of good Statale, (bat not the Head and Shoulders taller than DtucimtH, as fome have related) mnd as they inhabit^a hot Climate almoft under the Equator, are of a dark Copper Colour, their Hair black, aiid haiwing over their Shoulders ; but they fuiliBr no Hair on their Bodies or Faces, and {{O almoft naked; the Women concealing tharPuJiiiJg with Laen$, ike their Mother f'l^f.* The Men have a Cap, or Coronet of Fea- thers ; but I don't perceive the Women have any Covering on thi^ Heads but their Hair. OmMntntt.'] Their Ornaments are elittering Stones hung upon dieir Lips or Noftrils, and Bracelets of Feadiers about their Amu. The Tiffynamiejn, who inhabit the Soutb of BrajUt are of a mode- rate Stature, and not fo dark a Complexion as thinr Nerdimik Neigh- bours, who lie nearer the Line ; but neither the one nor die other are fo black as the Afrkatu are, who lie under the fame PhndM ; it having been obferved already, that there were no Ntrrott in America till they were tranfported thither bv the Spamerdt ana Pertugueji. The Ti^i- ntanboyst however, reiemble the Africam in their flat Noies, which are not natural, but made fo in their Ini^cy. The prefent Inhabitants of Brafil are, i. Pwrtugutft\ t. Cricli ; 5. Mtfttet \ 4. Negroes ; and, 5. BraJHians. The Portugu/e of Eu- rope^ who are the Governors, are thie feweft in Numoer: The Crialit or thofe bom of Portugue/e Parents in Brafil^ are more nu- oterous; and the Meftus, or mingled Breed, (till more numerous dian either. As to the native BrafiUanst they are partly Freemen and pardy Slaves ; but the Negroe' Slaves are much more valued than the Bra- fiitmst being of more robuft Conltitutions, and fitter for )!>ubonr ; nor Vt the Bra/iitoMt now very numerous; for the Pcrtu^us/i, on thefar Invafion of this Country, like the Sfamardj, deftroyed the unfiutn- nate Natives by all the cruel Ways tney could invent, infomuch that of an hundred thoufand Men they found in the finall Province of Serigippe, (if we ma^ credit the Dutch Writers) they reduced them, in a few Years, to four or five hundred Men. Religion.] As to Religion, the Portugue/e will not allow the Brafi- Uttfs any $ and yet they tell us they have Pi iefts, and believe a future State of Rewards and Puniflunents ; that the Brave go to Eli/Sum or Paradife, and mean and cowardly Souls to a Place of Torment. The fame Authors admit that their Priefts direA them to bring their Offerings to th^va, and affure diem Being 2000 Mi^s In Length. Lat. 1 600 Miles in Breadth. BouKdarics.] BRITISH AMERICA. 587 Mtnndariet.] T^OUNDED bjrthe FroKtn Ocean, on the Nordi i Jl) by the JiUmtit Ocean, Eaft } by Fhruiat Soutki ^nd by unknown lands, on the Weft. DivUions. Provinces. Chief Towhs. RuftrfsFm The North Di- 1 EJkimaux M iion COnMs of | 2. Britift> Canada - f ] fort Nel/en, ChurebM , Annapolis, Hdifaju The Sduth Divi fion of — "I C James Town, W. Lea* I 76-30. N. Lat. 37-30to^ I miUamJburgb Cha I Tewu Savanaab Frtdirka, I in Length; •air ^^wgrr HtVfljJP ^BSMigpp ^Ifv^vgp ^K»*ii» '■(■•IP ^BSPWJIf V|V |few Britain or Efkimaux, W Britifh Canada, comfrehending Hudfon*j Bay, Situation and Extent, ^twcen \ aiid (w.Lonl |i6QoMiletii ^- ' > Being < Betwreen 1 and VN.Lat. I I 1200 Miles in Breadth.' fiosmJariet.] T)OUNDED by unknown Lands about th« j3 Pole, on the North; by the ^//<}«/;V Ocean an4 Baffin's Bay, Eaft ; by the Bay and River of St. Law- rmi and Frentb Canada, on the South ; and by unknown Lands^ on the Weft. If we ihould extend it as far as our Mariners have diicovered to the^ North, we might make a Line drawn through 8 1 4 Degrees the North- ernBoundary, for Capt. Hmdfon failed as high as 8i|, in the Year 1607* and Capt. Baffin as w in the Year 1623 and 1624. Mountains^ There are very high Mountains in the North, whicl|i being perpetually covered with Snow, and the Wind blowing from thence three Fourths of the Year, is one Occafion of that exceflive CoM ■f* »« 5f 8 B R IT .^3 H AMERICA, Cold whkk is found on this Continent, beyond any Thing ditt ku been known on theEaftern Continent, under the fame Parallels of Latitude. Jtivm'l The diief Rivers are. Black River, Rupert River, Many nr Cbitkeriam KWcT, MeefeVSvetf Severn Kiyer, iVt'(/e« River, Berr^g River, Merceur River, and Jlfiwi/ River. the {biefSeasf BiVfu Straits, and Capes J] The only Seas that bor- ^ on thieTe Countries are, ^e Atlantic Ocean, and that extenfive Sea called Hudfeitt Bay, in which are many other lefTer Bays, as Jamu Bay, ButtuCt Bay, Baffiti^ Bay, Sir Thomas Rois Wdkome. and the Porta or Bays ot Rupert, Albany, Port Ntl/cn, Bn^'s Bay, Port ChurchiU, aad Cumterlaud Day. Port Nel/on is fituate in 91 Degrees of W. Lon. and 57 Degrees of N. Lat. Churchill is iituate in 95 Degrees W. Lon. and 6oRegrees N. Lat. The chief Bays in New Britain are, EJkimaux, H^dwith-hopef and PhiVapptttux. The Straits are thofe of Hud/on, Davis, and Belli_fle. The chivf Capes or Promontories are, Cape Charles on the Strait niBelMe, Cape DeRre at the Entrance of Huipotfi Strait, Cape Henrj, Chpe James, and C5ape IVorfenbam near the Entrance of HudJoiCi Bay, Cape Henrietta Maria on the S. W. Part of the Bay, Cape Comftrt and Cape Jfusnpticn on the North Part of the Bay. LeJies, lie.'] There are innumerable Lakes, Bogs, and Mdraflet» all over this Country, which, being covered with Ice and Snow great Part of the Year, make the Air exceflive cold, elpeciaUy when the Wind fits N. W. It feems to be as cold in ca Degrees of N. Lat. on the Wcilem Continent, as it is on the Eanem Conti- sent in 62. Settlements."] The principal Settlements belonging to the Englijh Bui^cnh Bay Company at prefent are, Churchill, Neljen, Ainv Severn, and Albany, on the Weft Side of Hus0n*s Bay. They had formerly Fort Charles, Fort Rupert, and fcveral more at the Bottom of the Bay, which they feem to have abandoned to the French, though this Coun- try is, in Reality, Part of the Englijh Territories, and would yield iMffl as large a Quantity of Furrs and Skins as the more Northern Countries. ShI and Prtduee.] The Lands near the South End or Bottom of the Bay produce large Timber, and Plenty of Herbage, and 'tis prefumed would produce Corn, if it was cultivated ; but towards tnc North there are very few Vegetables. The Cou * about Fort Nel/tn is a low marihy Soil, producing Janiper, Birch, Poplar, and fmall Wood of the Spruce or Fir Kind, and the Surface produces chiefly Mofs ; neither Com or Pafture is to be«xpe£ted in tne North, where the Earth, even in Summer, re- anins frosen fix Feet deep, and the Mountains are perpetually co- vered with Snow. The Soil of Nrw Britain, or the Eaftern ahore of EJtinuuMCi is much the fiune as that on the WeAern Side of the Bay* 6 kir 1 S H A ME R ICA. i^ Bay, ander the fame Parallels. The North Part ofEJtimaux is ufuallf called Ttrra it Laharador. jLuauds and Focd.] Their Animals are the Mooie Deer or Elk, Stags, Rein Deer, Bears, T)rgers, Bnilaioes, Wolves, Foxes, Beaverv Otters, Lynx's, Martins, Squirrels, Ermins, Wild Cats, and Hares. Of die feather'd Kind they have Geefe, Baftards, Ducks, Partridges^ and all Manner of Wild Fowl. Of Fiih, there are Whales, Morfes, Seals, Cod Fiih, and a white Fiik preferable to Herrings ; and in their Rivers and freih Waters, Pike, Perch, Carp, and Trout. Their Foxes, Hares, and Partridges, turn white in the Winter ; their Partridges are as large as Hens. There hare been taken at Port NeljM, in one Seafbn, 90,000 Partridges, and 25,000 Hares. The Food of the Indians is chiefly what they take in Hunting or Filhing. The Englifli kill Beef, Pork, Mutton, and Venlfon, at the Beginning of die Winter. Thefe are preferved by the Froft fix or feven Months free from Putrefa£tion : Alio Geefe, Partridges, and other F«wls, kitted at the fiune Time, are hung up with their reathers on, and their Ovta* in, and hold good all the Winter. In Lakes and ftanding Waters, which are not ten Feet deep, the Water is frozen to the Bottom, and the Fiih killed ; but in Waters of greater Depth, and Rivers near the Sea, the Fiih are caught all the Winter, by cutting Holes in the Ice, to which they come for Air. As foon as they are taken out of the Water, they are immediately frozen and ftiff} but may bs thaw'd again by being imnierfed in odd Water. And thus it is that People thaw and frefhen their Salt Provifion here 3 They let down the Meat through a Hole in the Ice into the Water, and in a little Time it becomes foft and pliable, as if it never was frozta, and eats very well ; whereas, if you roaft or boil jt while it is froxcfl» ft will be fpoiled, and eat as if it was rotr^n. > There is no Want of Food in Am^«'s Bay, at aoy Time of Ae Year. In April come the Geefe, Buflards, and Ducks, of which they kill as many as they pleafe. About the fiune Time they take great Numbers of Rein Deer, and thofc do not return to the North till Jnlir or Aunft, In the Summer alio they take Pike, Trout, and Carp, and a white Fiih like a Herring ; and, in the Beginning of Winter, all Manner of Wild Fowl return again. Trajic.'] There come down ufually to Port Nel/ent every Seaibn to trade with the Englijh, a thoufand Men, and fome Indian Women in about 600 Canoes. They come from far diftant Countries \ and ate murli delayed in their Voyages, by being obliged to go on Shor* every Day to hunt for Provifions ; for their Canoes are fo finall, lt;>ldiing only two Men and a Pack of a hundred Beaver Skins, that they cannot carry much Provifion with them ; and they an fo dir> couraged by the high Price the Company fets upon the Enrcfiom Goods, that if it were not for the Ncccflity they arc under of having Goni, ^59<* B Rir IS ti A M Ekit Ai GtuiSy Powder, and Shot, Hatchets, and other Iron Tools for Hunt^ injf, with Tobacco, Brandy, and Paint, they would not go dowii to the Factory at all '. They leave great Numbers of FuTrs and Skins behind them. A goM /w^/rVm-Hunter can kill fix hcndred Beavers in a Seafbn, though he brings do^n but one hundred. Ilie Beavers chief Food is the Bark of the Poplar, Sdlows, and Alders, and moft other Trees that have not a refinous Juice: They cut down Trees, and build Houfes in Ponds and Latkes, for Uteit Security, and for the Conveniency of catching Fi(h : They eat sifo a large Root which grows in Fens. The Beavers breed once a Year, and have from ten to fifteen at a Litter. The Indians feme- tunes empty their Pond, and take a whole Lodge of them, only leaving mPair or two to breeds whereby the Pond is nocked again in two or three Years. When the ItuRam came to the Fadlory in Jutie 1742, they coirid get liut a Pound o^ Gunpowder for four Beaver Skins, a Pound of Shot |br one Beaver, an Ell of coarfe Cloth for Fifteen, a Blanket for Twelve, two Fiih-hooks or three Flints for one, a Gun for 25 Skins, a Piftol for Ten, a Hat with a white Lace for Scvcfl, an Ax for Four, a Hedging Bill for One, a Gallon of firatnly for Four, a theck'd Shirt for Seven : AU which were fold at that monftrou^ Profit 0f 2000 pir Cent. Notwithftanding which Diicoaragement, the Indiant kought down to Port hieljon that Seafon 50,000 Beaver Skins, and 9000 Martins, thefe Beaver Skins being worth 5 or 6/. a Pound; whereas thofe the Enslijh purchafe at Aifw York are not worth abo\ e 3 s. and 6 y. a Pound. Befides thefe Skins, the Indians, the fame Year 1742, broaght to lite Fadlory at Clurcbill 20,000 Beaver Skins. As to the Trade on the Eaftcrn and Southern Shores, the Company have in a Manner abandoned it, and fufFcr the Fnmh to run awn/ with it, though this Country was confirmed to Great Britain by the Peace of Utrecht, Anno 17 14. If the Trade was laid open, and the Southern and Eaftern Countries fettled, we might regain that To-ade, and vaftly increafeit, by furniihing the Natives with Woollen Goods, Iron Tools, Guns, i^c. at reafonable Rates. The Number of Hun- ters would increaie, and we fliould bring home four Times as many Furrs, and other valuable Skins, as we do now. By incrcafing our Settlements to the Southward, in the Bottom of tJic Bay, wc Ihould nudcc the Natives our Friends ; being able to afford our Goods chraper than the French can, we might force the Frenilj out of the Trade upon the Hall Main, and the Countries North of the Huron Lake, and the other Lakes of Canada ; and then wc fhould be u^^der ■o Apptehctiftons of them, if a War fhould break out again; friwreas at prefent, in Cafe a Rupture fhould happen, the Company wotild probably lofe all their Fadories at the Bottom of the Bay ; and Tork Fort, where they frldom have more than 2 c Men, mufl foon ftll into their Hands : Aim as they have no other Pla :e of Strength, bat the Prince offfaJts'sFort at CburchiU, in which they keep hut zS Men, though there. are ^q Guas mouated, this would paobabf.- follow die Fate of the otitcr. Tliiv lMMhChNMu:.- i Kit ISH A ME R IC A, sgi This Company, which does not coniiil of above nine or ten Mer- chants, exclude all the reft of the Britijlf Subje£ls from this Trade,- by virtue of an illegal Patent, extremely to the Prejudice of their native Country ; for if the reft of the King's Subjefls h«l been' faftred to fend Colonies thitker, aUd traffic with' the Judiamt thejr would have underibld the Frtneht and confeqiiently beat them «nt df that Trade, and out of diofe Countries which wen yielded |» Britain by the Peace Utrtcbtt Perfetu aful Habits.']' The Indians arc of the nfua) Stature of other Men, and of a tawny Complexion. In the North of Efeimaux there is a Race much whiter, Enemies to the Southern Indians, and are lappofed to come from Greenland. In the Summer the Indians wear fcarce any Cloaths, but anoint themfelves with Bears Greafe, or die Oil of Seals, which, 'tis faid, prevents their being Aung by Muf- ketos, or bitten by Bugs, or any other Infers. In the Winter th^ doath themfelves with Beaver Skins, which they oil and ^eafe ia the fame Manner they do their Skins, which prevents the Cold p-M- trating them, and have a kind of Bufkins on their Legs, and Shoe* of Deer Skins ; and Beaver Skins and Funs ferve them for Beds and Covering in the Night. They lead a vagrant wandering Life, ieldora remdning more than' a WeeK or two in a Place : Moft of their Time is fpen( in Hunting and Fiihing, as they move from Place to Place. Revolutions and memorable Events, THE Eaftern Shores of this Country \ ^i firft difcovered hy Sebaftian Cabot for Henrj VII. King of F'rfland, in the Year J498 : They were afterwards vifited hy D^vis ;• vi other J7r///>^ Ma- riners. Mr. Hud/an made four Voyage:; hithei : ritwwa the Yean- 1607 and 161 1 ; ia the lail of which hit Mr> ! rc^J b*m and eight more of their Officers into a Boat, and left r^em to Aarve in the Bottom of the Bay, and they were never i(«:ard of mr : ; but the Ship and the reft of the Men returned F >.« :. Sir Thomas Button perfued the Difcovrry is 1^17, andCapt yamt in 1 63 1, in Hopes of /iieling a North-wtft Pafluge to China : CuM, Gilbam failed to the Bottom of the Bay in 1667, and at his Re- turn his Owners procured a Patent for t'lauting this Country, jln9 1670. The firft hnglijh Governor, who went thither, was CbuHm Bailey, Efq; who built a Fort on Ryfctt Iviver, calling it Chcrlts Fort, and foon after fettled another Factory at Nei/on. In the Year 1684* the chief Englijb Factory was at Albany ^ and a Foft ere£ied /or itf Defence. T'he Frenth invaded our Settlements, and took Fort Kupt't mA JL- hany \. July 1686, though we were then at Peace with Franu. Ia King l^iiliam*% War, Aniu 1693, the Engl^. recovered thcic ^ttlc" nents again. During the War in Ouecn Jiih% Reign, the Pjwul* redacod ell •Of ScttlcfflcaU fAcept Allanji but were obliged to rcftorc them a> '3192 BRTtiSH AMERICA :.f > ^:;^v^ Ac Peace of Utrteit, j^au 1714, and the Coopany liave remained in Fofleffion of them ever fince. Reft^atitH 9f New Britain md NoTa Scotia ^ Fnnce.1 The , Frtmch King navine ieized ibme EnMf Settlements in thefe Coan- ttjei, he was oblkrM, by the Treaty of IJirtckt in the Year 1713, to nftme to Qrtm Sritah die Bay and Straiti of Hud/on, with ail the Land«» Seafts, SeapCoafts, Rivers, and Places, fituate on the ii^ Bw and Straits, (which comprehend all Ntw Sritaim and Britifit C«uuuUj^ and it was aereed, that QMnmiffioners, on the Part cfGrtat Britmm aadFr^iut, Ihoald determine, within die Space of n Year, die Li. mits between the Dominions of Great Britain and Frami on that Side ; wluch Limia the SabjeAs of Grtat Britain and France were not to pais over to each other by Sea or Land : Bat thefe Limits are not fcMed to this Day. By the .12th Ardde of the fame Treaty, Ntva Scitia^ with the Foitrefs of Jnnaftlijt and all the Lands and Dependencies thereunto belonging, were yielded to Great Britain ; and the SnbjeAs <^ France were entirely excluded from all Kinds of Fiflieries in the Seas of Neva Scttia, efpecially thole which lie towards the Eaft, and within thirty Leagues thereof, bejrinning at the Ifland of Cape SeMtt and extending irom thence to the North-£aft. NOVA scon A. Between Between Situation and Extent, r kW.Lon. Lat. j 500 Miles in Length. > Being ^ 400 Miles in Breadth. Benndariet. T% O U N D E D by die River St. Lanurence^ on die X# North ; by the Bay of St Lawrence^ and die At- fantic Ocean, Eaft ; by the fame Ocean and Ar Enrlandt South t and hy French Canada, Weft. ne cUt/ Tewn/.] I. AnnapeV, Tieyal- W. Lon. 64. N. Lat.4;. 3. Mtfiut. 5. Mimut. 4. Chtn .- >, Si in the Southern Feninfula; and, 5. Cmnfeav, upon an Ifland at the Eaft End of die Peninfula, near the Strah which divides Neva Seetia from Ca/e Breton. Mmmaim. ] The Chief are, a Chain of HUU which run from Eaft to Weft along die Sonthem Shore of the River St. Lawrence, and are oUtd die L^ Mmtaint, Mivers.] 'PtV0 The Rii into the Pentb/cot Stai^l I'Ov/rena Chemgt»t *tf Nexun NoitfaSai fonMa/ti l>aTaitr o Soudi Sid( The chi Fertile, £t Fegeri, am Cape Tien South. C LaJUs.] particular I Soi/andi fcnt; btttH and Cienigt Corn and Pi Setdements, before it wa and will pro ^'^. fo thai jfm'mals.J nerofGame on ihi: c'oaft Sheep, and a is expe€ted | Planters tha Setdements Colony at Ci Englifti Fi Qreai Brit at f^ Pofleflion of made to plan three thoofaj Cerutvallis, \ Chehuao Bay niade, fo tha: there at prefc have po/lrfled i» near three . i«2 our Settll MRmSH AMBRltA m Jttver/.] TheRiverofSt.£4i the Bay of St Lawrnte, The Rivtn of St. Jebtij ¥aff»mafi»tA PtKob/cot, and St. Cmr, which ran lltt lliiiaM of iti ^w, J9a|v, 4m/ Ctfet."] Th« te ]ioiniiig 10 it aie, dw Ba;r «flt Lav/rtneti the ^Mr Oc«ili»#nd JMr Bm. IV mrlws iti^ Ckuttgft and G^* Bnr npdn the Ifthmas, whiich jobs the r«ovfli Part of N9vm Stttim to the South ; the Bay* of Ga/pe and Chalffft on the North Eaftf the Bay of Clmlihiat on the South Eaft ; the Bay of th< lOmub. The Ftorts of Bart t Cbtbuaot Pr^, St. Margaret , La Hnn PntMaJteif, Port Ro/mioh Port f^m, and Port Joht on the South ; Port laTour on the Sou» Eafti Port St, Maty JhnopMi, and Af/»»r/ on the South Side of Fimdy Bay. The chief Capes are, Rtjjir and G<{^ on the North Eaft. The Capes Porti^tt Ecoumtaact fomramtin^ Cape Port and Etih on the Eaft. Cape Fegerit and Cape Cmnauy on the South Eaft. Cape J?At)w«, Cape Vtrt^ Cape Tbtadtrtt Cape i)afv. Cape £# Ovr, and Cape iVjT't on tlA South. Cape Sabk, and Cape JWf^r, on the South We£ Lakti.'] The Lakes are very numeroiM, but luve net yet received particular Names. Soil and Predtui.'] llus Gauntly is great Part of It a Foreft at pre- ient ; but where it has beem cleared and caldvated, as it has at Mimut and Chemrto, and feveral odier Places by the Frenei, it affords goo4 Corn and Pafture ; and the Pr»mei have £ra Herds of Cattle near their Settlements, with which they fupp],ied their Coantr^en atd^Sntm before it was taken by the Eagjipt, The Timber n fit for Buildings and will produce Pitch and Tar; and the Soil is proper for Hemp, and Flax, fo tnat all Manner of Naval Stores ni^;ht be had here. Animals.] The Country abounds in Deer, Wild Fowl, and all Man' ner of Game ; and there is one of the fineft Cod-Fiflicries in the World on t! < t: u'oaft. The Frmch, who were fettled here, had imported Oxen* Sheep, and all Manner of furo^^M Cattle, (b that in a little Time there is expeAed great Plenty of aU Things neceflkrv to fupport the JMti^ Planters that have been fent over ; the Frtnth navii^ quitted all their Settlements in the Southern Pcninfula, on the Arrival of the Englijb Colony at ChtbiUlo, Englilh Forctt in Nova Scotia.] This Country being reftored to Qrtai Britain at the Peace of Utrecht, a Regiment was fent over to take PoiTeflion of Annapolis the Capital, Annt 1714, but no Provifion was made to plant the rcll of Nova Scotia, until the Year 1740, when about three thoufand EngUjh Families, under the Command of Governor Ctrnivallis, were ient thither, and erected the Town of Haii/ax in Chehiuio £ay ; and fmce that fevcral other Embarkations have been made, fo that there are not lefs than five or fix tltoa£tnd Inhabitants there at prefent. The Town o^ 'ialifax ii fortified, and the EmgUff have ponefled thcmiclves of Mtnnu acA Cbtnigto ort the Mhmus. The French however llill poffefs the North Part of Kna ixctia, which is near three Fourths of the Whole, and fupport the Indiani in dtftttrb* iflg our Settlcmeut.<; in the Feninfitk : Nor will it be pefiibie f drive the Fremh and their Imlians oat of the North oSNtvd SMia, unlefi a madi greater Fwce be fent over than is there at prefent, The Difpute betwetm Grtat BriUum and France, is not whether JVmw 8e$tia was yielded to Grttu Mritam by the Treaty of Utrtebt, but what ware iheSmuu/s of NttmSeatig, whidi die Britijb Commiflaries de- jMn^braced extended to die Riiir of 8c. LawrtHce, on the North, by Ci^ral TmniM bptMreoft die t#prNali0u: Whereas ^eFrnubisM- cd thit inly P400 Miles in Length. 200 Miles in Breadth. Bcnndaries.'] BOUNDED by AVnw Scotland, on the North; by the J/ia/iti( Ocean, on the Eall and South ; and by AVaw Tori, on the Weft. AVic Enghitui is divided into four Go\ crnments, vix. i . AVw Hemp- finite, or Pijlataiiiay. 2. The Majpichu/eit Culony. 3 . The Colony oi | Rbotltli'.A.u^ t)j\A]Piovid < Ptrtfmuth. X/tM^.Ifland, (ffc. -w. C i Ntw/ort. iSrvfr/.] Their Rivers are, l . CoHnefficitt ; z. Thames ; 3. Patttxtnt \ /^MeriHuu; 5. Pi/cat aiuayi 6. 5ar0 ; 7. Ca/co; 8. Kintbeqiu't and* 9. Pmob/cat, or Pentagonet Bays and Capes.] The moft remarkable Bays and Harbours are* thofe formed by Plymouth^ Rhode Ifland, and Pro-vidtnce Plantations ; MoHumeta Bay ; ^^ Harbour* formed by :he bending of Cape Codi Bo/ion Harbour ; Pifcata-way ; and Ca/co Bay. The chief Capes are, Cape Ced, Marble Head, Cape Amu, Cape Netick, Cape Porpus, Cape Elizabeth, and Cape ^ma// Pmm/. /"flf* rfthe Country and Air."] The Land next the Sea in New Eng- land is generally low, but further up into the Country it rifes into Hills ; and on the North Eaft it is rocky and mountainous. The Winters are much ieverer here than in Old England, though it lies 9 or 10 Degrees more South ; but they have ufually a brighterHeaven, and more fettled Weather, both in Winter and Summer, than in Old England', and though their Summers are (horter, the Weather is a great deal hotter while it lafts. The Winds are very boiderous in the Winter-Seafon* and the North Weft Wind blowing over a long Trad of frozen Coun* Sf, is exceffive cold; their Rivers are fometimes frozen over in a ight's Time. The Climate however, is generally healthful, and agreeable to Englijh Conftitutions. Produce. ] The Fruits of Old England come to great Perfeftion here* and particularly Peaches, which are all Staitdard-Trees ; Mr. Dudley re- lates, that he has had feven or eight hundred fine Peaches on fuch a Tree at one Time, and a lingle Applc-Tree has made feven Barrels of Cyder. But I find Englijh Wheat does not thrive here ; they eat Maize or Indian Corn chiefly, one Grain whereof frequently produces twelve hundred Grains, and fometimes two thoufand. This Corn is of three feveral Colours, 'viz. blue, white, and yellow. Befides the Forefl- Trees of Old England, they have Cedar, Cyprefs, Pine, and Fir-Trees. Their Fir-Trees are of a prodigious Bulk, and furnifh the Royal Navy of England with Mails and Yards, and they draw from thefc, and other Trees, Pitch, Tar, and Rofin, Turpentine, Gums, and Balm ; and the Soil is proper fo; Hemp and Flax; a Ship may be built and rig- ged out with the Produce of the Soil . Ship-buikling is a conftdcrable Employment in this Country. Jnimali . ] Tlie Animals, which fecm almoft peculiar to Nnv Engleml and ll»e reft oi Nurth America, are the MooJe'Deer and the Beaver. l'he.V^«-;/ijim Whale alfo is found upon this Coaft, of which, and otJicr Whales, the AVay £»p/(a»rf People take great Numbers, and (end ' H p a X fome -W^^^.'*mF -'0' 59« B Riri9H A MERIC J. fome Ships eveiy Year to fifk forWhides in Grtenlandi and from hcnct it is we receive all theWhaJe-bone and Whale-oil we impon, except what we ourchafe of the Dtdeb vai Ibmhrglwt. Befides the Whaie- Fifliery, tiierc it a very fine CodpFiflicgrjr on the Coaft of Neva Scotia. ' -They h^ve now ilmdk all Bmt^tm Animals in as great Perfeaion and PlfBtjr as we have them hen^ MoMj^tauat.] They manufaAare covft Umien and Woolen Cloth for their own Ufe, as well as Iron Tods and Uttmfils, and they have Manuia£lures of Hats and Paperi from which OkS$i^laiiJehdeayom% to divert them, as being prejudicial to their Mother-Coantry ; and indeed, if OU Engie/tti would encouraee their raifing Kaval Secnes, this might prove more advantageous to both. There are a\(6 fet up of late feveral Sugar-Bakers and DiftJllersy which is efteemed prejodidal to the Trade of OU EHglanJ. Trade.'] The Netu England People have a great Trade by Sea to the Britiflt Sugar Colonies, and with the Dutch at Surinam and Curajfou near Ttrra-firma^ whither they fend Hoifes, Salt Provifions and Lunibcr, that is, Deal-Boards, Pipe-Staves, Hoop,s, and Shingles ; they fend their Ships alfo to the Bay of Honduras for Logwood, which they tranfport xoEurofe ; as they do alto Sugar from the tVeft-InJieit and Fifh from Newfoundland Government.] It is obierved hy Mr. DummeTf that by the New puu-ter granted to the Majptcbufetit (the moft confiderable of the Nnti England Colonies) 'the Appointment of a Governor, lieutenant Ciovernor, Secretary, and all ui« Offices of the Admiralty, is veiled in the Crown ; that tne Power of the Militia is wholly in the Hands of ihc Governor, as Captain General : That all Judges, Juftices, and She- riffs, to whom the Execution of the Law is intrufted, are nominated by the Governor, with the Advice of tiie Council ; and that the Governor has a Negative on the Choice of Councdlors, peremptory and unli- mited, and that he is not obliged to give a Rcafon for what he does in this Particular, or rtftrained to any Number : That all Laws enadked by the General Affembly are to be fent to the Court of Englandt for the Royal Approbation ; and that no Laws, Ordinances, Ele£tions (of Magiftrates, I prefume, he means) or A&s of Government whatfbever, are valid, without the Governor's Confent in Writing. By tliefe Refervations (in the Opinion of this Gentleman) the Pre^ rogativcs of the Crown and the Depcndance of this Colony are efec- tuaiiy fccurcd: Whereas we find the Lords Commiflioners of Trade and Plantations, in their Reprefentation to the Houfe of C(mimons, Jnm 1 732, obfcrving, that notwithflanding the Power feems to be divided between the King and the People in me Majfachujet Colony, the Peo- ple have much the greateft Share, for they do not only chufe the Af- fembly of Renrcftntaiives, but this AiKmoly chufe the Council, (equi- volcnt to our Houfc of Lords) and the Governor depends upon the A^ fcinbly for his annual Support; which has frequently laid the Governor of this Province ur.dcr the Temptation of giving up the Prerogatives of the Crown and the Interert ox Great Britain. That this Colony, as well as others, ought to tranfmit toCr«j/iBr;/*i» authentic Ca'I its of the feveral Arts paScd by ihcm ; but they fome- (imet BRITISH AMUR IC A. 597 times negleA it, and pafi temporary Laws, which have their filO ESkGt hSote the Government here can have doe Notice of them 1 and if the Laws of this Colony are not repealed witlu'n three Year* after their being prefented, they tie noi repcalable by the Crown after that Time. Mr. Dimmer^ treating of the Adttiniibation of our Jmtrktm Go> pernors, obferves, that theie Governors are apt to abafe their Power« and grow rich \rf Oppieffion. We have feen, (ays that Gentleman, not many Years fince» fome Governors feized by weir injured People and fent Prifeners to WhitebalU there to anfwer for their Ofiences ; others have fillen Vi£lims on the Spot, not to the Fury of a FaAion or a Rdible, but to the Refentment of the whole Body of the People, " riftig as one Man to revenge their Wnmes ; others uter being recal- led, nave been profecuted at the Kin^s Btncb. There were originally three Sorts of Government eftablifhed by the ISngliJb on the Continent oi jfmericmt viz. i. Royal Governments ; 2. Charter Governments; and, 3. Proprietary Governments. I. A Roval Government is prcmerly fo cUled, becaufe the Colony is immediately dependent on the Crown, and the King remains Sove- rei«i of the Colony ; he appoints the G^ovemor, Council, and Officers of State, and the People only eleA their Repreienutives, as in Eng-' land. Such are die Governments of Firpmat New Hampjbirt, Nt-w Tark, New Jtrfy^ and both Carolina*! ; tho' the Carohnds were, till very lately. Proprietary Governments. a. A Charter Government is fo called, beteufe the Company, in- corporated by the King's Charter, were in a Manner vefted with So- vereign Authority to eflablifli what Sort of Government they faw fit \ and mefe Charter Governments have generallv thought fit to transfer their Authority to the Populace ; for in theie Governments the Freemen do not only chuie their Reprefenutives, but annually chufe their Governor, Council, and Magiftrates, and make Laws, with- out the Concurrence, and even without the Knowledge of the King ; and are under no other Reftraint than this, that they enad no Laws contrary to the l^ws of England; if they do, their Charters are liable to be forfeited. Such is the Government of Rhode Ifland, and, I think, of the Colony of ConneSUcnt in New England; and fuch were the Governments of the Mt^pubu/ets, Maiuet and Plymeutb Ibrmerly; but their firft Charters being adjudged forfeited in the Reign of King Charles II. the Charter granted to the Maffiuku/ett by ^ing JVillUun HI. has referved the Appointment of a Governor to the Crown; but the Houle of Reprefenutives chufe the Council with the Governor's Concurrence, and the Governor and Council ap- point the Magilfaates and Officers of State ; from whence it appears, that ^ Government of (he Majfachujets^ in which the Colonies of Maine and Pfymouth are now comprehended, is in fome Inftances, different from either of the two former Species of Government, or rather a Mixture of both. 3. The third Kind of Government is the Proprietary Govern- ment, properly fo. called, becaufe the Proprietor is vefttxl with So- vereign Authority: He appoints the Governor) Council, and Ma- fc P p 3 gillratcj. 59« BRITISH AM E RICA. giftrates, and the Reprefentatives of the People are fununoned in his Name, and by their Advice he ena£b Laws withbut the Concur- rence of the Crown; bat by a late Statute, the Proprietor muft have the Kine's Confent in the Appointing a Governor, when he does not te&At in the PlaiMitioii in Peril) n ; and of a Denaty-Go- vemor when he does ; and all the Governors of the PLantations are liable to he called to an Account for Male-Adsunilbation by the Court of King's Bench in England^ by another Statute. The only Proprietary Governments, now in Being, are thole of il£ir|p/Mi and Penjylvania, . Forces.] In one of the Reprefentations of the Board of Trade, they inform the Privy-Council, that in the Colony of the Mc^acbu- fits only, there wercf upwards of ninety-four thouiand Souls; and that their Militia confifted of fix Regiments of Foot, and fifteen Troops of Horfe, of an hundred Men in each Troop. The fame Reprefentation Ihewii, that they employed near five hundred Sail of 8h^s, and four thouiand Seamen, annually in their Trade ; and if this Calculation be right, it muft be allowed, that the reft of the Colonies North of Virginia and Maryland^ viz. ConneSicut, Rhode' IJlandy Ne-w Torkt the Jsrfeysy and Ptnjylvaniot can raife at leaft as many more. All that teems wanting, in order to render thefe Forces ufeful and capable of oppofing an Invailon, is a Generalifiimo, im- powered, on any Exij^^ncies, to oblige every Colony to raife their refpedUve Quota's of Supplies and Troops, and to command them when aflembled in the Field ; for thefe are Particulars, which it is never to be expeifled the Colonies fhould agree on among them- felves, or at lealt.Time enough to prevent the Ravages of a potent Enemy. Religion.'] New England was planted by the Independents a little before the Commencement of the Civil Wars in England. Thefe People tranfported themfelves thither, rather than conform to the eftablilhed Church. Though they complained of the Government here, for not allo'vin? a Toleration, they permitted no other Sef': or Denomination of Chriftinns, but themfelves, to have any Sha''^; in the Governments they ercfted there; and were fo far from al- Ibwing a Toleration to thofe that differed from them, that they hang- ed feveral Quakers. It is but very lately they have fufiercd any Member of the Church of England to have a Share in the Magiftracy, Or to be eleAed a Member of the Commons, or Houfe of Reprefenta- tives ; and there are not more than two or thrse admitted at this Day into their Councils. There are fome Churches erefled in Nttu England by the Members of the Church oi England; but we ftill compute that the Difciples of Independency, are four Times as many as thofe of the Church of England in the Majfathujlet and ConneSicut Colonies. In Penjylvania and in Rkode-Ijland (he (j^vernors are Quakers, as well as moil of (he Inhabitants, RivolutitHi BRITISH AMERICA. Rrjolutkns and memorahU Events. . 599 WHEN the Europtant fifft vifited this Country, they found it inhabited by twenty diflerent Nittimis or Tribes independent of each other, and commanded fay thek ifs^c&Te Chiefs. OT thde Na- tions, the moft powerful was thii hUtgikb»Jif%y fituate on or near Bojhm Harbour. King Jamt$ I. by Letters Patent dated the loth of April 1606, erefted two Companies, impo wiring them to fend Colonies to t^irpnia, as all die North-Eaft Coaft c ^rka was then called. One Company, who for fome / irginiat or New EnglnnJ of thefe Companies was called the PA Time traded only with the Natives of r lor Furrs, and fifhed upon the Coail. Two Ships were employed in this Fiihery in the Year 161 4, com- manded by Capt. yohfi Smith, and Capt. Thomas Hunt ; and Capt. Smith returning to England, left Hunt on the Coafl, ordering him to fail with the other Ship to Spain, and difpofe of the Fifti he had taken there. Hunt, after ^mith was gone, enticed twenty-feven Indians on board his Ship, and failing with them to Malaga, fold them for Slaves, at the Rate of 20/. a Man. This Treachery was fo refented by the Indians, that all Commerce ivith them was for fbme time broken off. *" About the Year 1619, fome Diflenters of the Independent Perfua- fion, who were uneafy at their being required to conform to the Church of England, having purchafed the Pfymouih Patent, and obtained ano- ther from King James to fend Colonies to North Virginia, now A'iww England, embarked 1 90 Men on board a Ship, which failed from Ply- mouth the 6th oi September 1620, and arrived at Cape Cod in New Eng- land aa the 9th of November following, where they built a'i'own, and called it by the Name of Nenv Plymouth ; and Mr. John Carver was deAed their firft Governor. The Indians were at this Time too much engaged in Wars among Uiemfelves, to give thefe Strangers any Difturbance ; and Majpiffhit, Prince of the Majfachufit Nation, leammg from one ^anto an Indian who had been carried to England, what a powerful People the Engliflf were, made Governor Carver a Vifit the following Spring, and entered into ah Alliance, ofieniive and defenfive with the EngUp, by whofe Afliiiance he hoped to make a Conqueft of the Narraganfet Nation, with which he was then at War. This Prince alfo confented to acknowledge the King of England his Sovereign, and made a Ceffion of Part of his Country to the new Planters. Several other Sachems, or Princes, alfo followed the Example of Majfaffoit, and defired the ProteAion of the Englijh againft their Enemies, profefBng themfelves Subjects of King Jamts. Ships arriving every Day almoft with Planters and Provifions, the Colony foon became well eftablifhed, when Differences arifing among the Planters upon Account of Religion, had like to have been of very bad Confequence. The Independents, who were the moft numerous, not allowing a Toleration to any other Seft or Perfuafion, feveral of the Adventurers removed to other Paru P p 4 of IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 ■^121 125 ■>< lU |2.2 £ L& 12.0 la I IL25 i 1.4 Photographic Sdences Corporation 13 WMtT MAIN STRUT VVIUTH.N.Y. I4SM (7U)I73-4S0) , nd cdMfl nmntd Imii^ wlieniijr ikt Coloiqr WM fe weakmcd» dM if ihc /adfaii kad avt bem engaged in a Qvfl War, dMlif^iraild iaiUlihly luw faeaadiivaiovt^dia & m im» TfaM MMfcii It «f Adveatnitn, Jkm 16x7, pur. ifpiid nGmt of d|t FlMpiM^ CoMltinrff of all tfiatPiart of Arm S^jlftkkliaaMttlil^SC^ anda.r«>»fcri ^aSk tMbtngrHiii 4i» Tf *ie 10 thi* Oopmnr, wocvtd a Giant of k^om King CfcrAy, .Aat i6t8, and aovimiiMa Ut, Cn^kk lidt Thii newC^paay fitted oat fix Ships, with joonanlen, lor. niAcd with live Catde, and all Manner df Siofct and Provilmu nopcr for a Setdenient { and, arnTinc on the hb^mtln^ Coai, Wilt ^ Town of gafaii, between the Promontories oiMmrhU H»ai and Qx^Jbm% and, Hs,CrmMt refbfiqg to go over widi thde flaaters, diey chole Jtim Winthtrp^ Biq; dieir Governor 1 aitd in 1630, built iXilp on die Jlk^A^ Bay, now the Capital ofAnv Mi^kml, The fime Year 1030, King CiMrbi granted Part of die Coonoy of CtHmdieutto the Earl of JFlKrwicT, which was after* wanU MTchafed of that Bail bjr ffVium Lord Vifooont % and Stmttt ktitrt Lord Brtti, Sir Nmkmiel Ritht Cbmrkt Fitnm$t £(« ytki$ Pm, and y0tm iUmfdm, Eian. GenUemen at diatTime diT- nfiSededto the Government, who defigned that Plantation as a Place of iRefuffe, in Ca/e diey had not fucceeded in their Oppofition to King Clartei i and thev were once open the Point of tranfporting thcmfelves diidM»r, with the Chief of their Party, being In Doabt whether they fliould carry thdr Point in die Senate : bveo Olivtr Cr m yt tOt 'us iaid, was once on board, in «ad jobedf me FrmiJtCmm^*, ^jnmSf' lag ihem fn/teSStm* vid fteqaentl/ afiiftiaf them ui ihi^ llrafiQB«f fhc Ari^/t Se t de» ca ti, it '» no Woiider that they rcmaia attached It itbe Frtmb latereft to this Day, efpeciaOy as the JeAnt Miffionariei have made Frofelites and bisoted Papifts of them» nuking them fae- *' — d^ the Emlijk are the FoAerityof thole Men that crvdfied thdr In the Year 1690, Sir WiUum Piifit Governor of Nivo S^^mL railed an Army, which he tranrgorted to Jtrndit, or Aim* Stttim, aai cook P»rt Royal, or AmauA$ from die fnkth ; and-reduced another Frer^h Scttlemeui at the Month of St. Jthtit River, in the Bay of Ftmift of which the Ei^UJii \utpt PbfleAon until the Peace of Rj^ek, Jbmm 1697, when King WilUam thought fit to cede dwm to Frmmtt notwid^ Ifapding they bebngcd to Gnrnt Britmm originally; hat itamftB$t with ail Mv« Scotia, utas reiored to Grut Britmm hy the Treaty of VtrtA in die Reign of Queen Jtfbir, in I7U> Sir fTmam Pbips alfo attempted the tajdiw of ^miee, dieOqnld ■ dFrtHtk Ca»0da ; but it being too late in l»e Year whn he beg« that £nterpriie, and a very Tevere Winter fetting in Cxmer mm ordinary, he was obUged to retire firom thence, not by die Anns of die Enemy, bnt the Severitv of die Sealon. Sir WWiam fc ow ev» biik a ftrong Fort at die Mouth of the River FmutfuU, on the itentien of Airw Ea^md, and compelled the latHam on die Nordi Eaft of Mtrhaac River to acknowledge themfelves fnbjeA to the Crown of Eaglmit and promife to a b andon the Fnmk Inlercft : And in the Year 1703, in the Beginning of Qgeen w#m/s War, the J\^ EmMb People recovered Mmmftlh epin, for they could Mit enjoy eitaer their FSflieries or foreign Tramck while it was in die lundi of the Fnmk It was called the Dimkirk of that Part of thn World, where the Frmb had their Chiifen and Privateers, whsA (happed up the Ntw England Ships whnever they came out of their Harbours. Upon this Soceeft die Government of £i|f/«M/propofed the lakii» •f ^htc, the Capital of Canada, and to iend over a Squadron «^ Men of War, witn Land Forces to join the New EmgiaiidFimm^ and every Thine was prraared in New Eatland for the fintornino^ but die Genenu m Flmmrt pretending he could fpare no Troifa then, nothing was done. However, m the Year 1711, Admiral mUiar fiuled to Mn» tiqlaad widi a Squadron of .welve Men of War, forty Tranfports, and fix Store Ships, on board whereof worn five thouiand Veteran Troops, commanded by Brigadier iffO, and this Fleet arrived at B^em on the a5th of 7«m# 1711, having been ieven Weeks in their Paflage, but the Ntw Eaglamd Forces not being icad|, ihey did not fail from Btfita for the River of St. Lrn'momt^ li:i B Rir rrw America. liie soAtof y ues, of kte export a ereat deal (^Timber to PdfMgn/t and other Coun- tries of Europtt which, I am informed, is a viery profitable Branch of Bufinefi. • F*r/«m.] As to the Peribns and Habits of the JwBaiui m diefr Countries and MtuyLmdt thefe People not dMfering (torn the ladUmi of flrgimm, will be round in the Defcription of that Country. Gfmm •/ tbt Nmti cover a noble Genius. The kmam never enreflfed a greater Love ^ dieir Country, or a greater Contempt of i)eath in die Cauie of Liberty, than thefe People do, and diey are exceeding benevdent and bootable. Every Nadon of the Irt^mit is a diftinft RrpnUic, g o ver ne d bv their Sachems or Civil Magiftrates in Time of Peace, and by thenr Warriors or Captains in thar Wars ; but their Chieft neither refelve, nor execute any Thing vf importance, widMMt confulUng the Heade of dieir Tribes. *^'V- €04 BRIT ISH AUERTCA^ X«fi|i««.1 - The ibf«d!f ackaowMce a SoomBe Bcim, vIm« A^IBM .d|t ft«ftmr oT lie UnifoSe, and tlw^ believ^ fbapra tnm of Aewaids lad Poaidiaenti ; but have vay ob/core Nodigl^ of 'A, and leem to duak diat, theRewards of the Good wfll oot^ in toe Babfment of thole Pleafiiitt they are aoft ibnd of hi this tafe. / Variottt AttempO have been made toxonreit thefe People to Chr{^ tUuuttt efpedaUv by the Freaeb Priefts, who by the Neeligence of oar OHTtt Piope^ and thinr Zed 10 gaio Converts to Piftty^tmt mat vi^th too |t«tt Sooeefi, haviag drawn off great Part of the J6A«wii Naiio* ham dMir AlliMMe with the S^Mh* and even jperfaadad theai to leave thehr native Coaniry» and fettle in Frmh C m md», where they have bnilt diem a flatelyChnrdi. lliofc fidio remain tree to tfaa £y^, have been wAmfitod by the Dutck and S^li/k Mimften occa- fiomuAvt as diey came to tradi^ and have always ihewn a Difpofitien to enArace the Goipcl. At J»09 uey are aO Inoa^t to die Profeflion <^ Chrijlltmtt4^ and abnoft an iMpttacd { and Ame <^ them feem to have a tolendue No- don of it* and have eaincftty deiired a Mifionary to be ient among dMnp » and to eno6ara|e ipi good Difnoftdoi^ in them, the Society appoinicd a Catechtt amoMji Biem* a Nadve of jbmriea, who has fcaded among them, and applied himiUf to die Study of dwir Lan« giMCb and met with very good Succefi. llie Church niEt^ami i» cftabliihed in this and lU the Royal Goveniments in Mrittjk Amtrk tern. ^^^ jtf^^s^ ^tetfite ^itetfi^ ^fa^i^ ^^^^^ ^te^Mh M^^^t^^ ^^M PEtfSTLPANIA. Situatitn and Extent, Between -I f V aoo Miles in Length. Beiag^ I too Miles in Ireaddk. . ikr.] T>OUNDED by the Country of die trafmnt^ or J|J Pivf Natlont, on the North i bv D* U H^'mr River, which divided It ftom the ^f^ib on die Eaft I ai>dDy^'<^M Mo«Mdni m dn lJMVy.1 Tlie Rivtn tre^ l. lie JDrlf Jr«r. e. frigfieefcwiwii tad* 3.£Uk . JirA TheAiread thcScdoMiefemlifetliofein Ae 1^>^aiMi i^MvjV)!, wrigaowi to thitContry* which lunre beta atanuiy 4e- /hiAw4M/rnd&l.1 At to the Prodnee ud Tnfick of P^^^ «Mid^ dMtr Merdancbze confifks of Hoticf , Pipe-^vm, Poric, Beef, nd Fifli, filled and bonded up ; Siditt end Fum ; an Sorts of Grain, viz. Wheat, Rve, Peafe» Oat% Bariejr, Back-Wheat, hdum Corn, /MSikePeafe, and Beans, Pot-Aihes» Wax, &r. Aad inRetom Ibr theie, they imwirt fitmi the Caribbte Iflands, aad odwr PbM»a» Rom, Sagar, hfoms, ^vcr, Nearoes, Salt and ^Vl^ae; and ftom Gnat MritatMt Hoofliold Goods, aad Cloathing of iU Kinds } Hard-ware, Tods and Toys. Hiey have 9Mb fime Rice, bat no gieat Qgantities % aad • liidt Tobacco of the wotft Sort The Colddes ^Ptt^/^hmum, the Jir- Jhtt ind Ntw Ttrk, appear extreniel]|r proper to ptodnoe Hcaip aad f\Mx mkat they are cultivated. Their Trade widi dw hulhmt con- ftb bat in few Articles; they receive of die Natives chiefly Skint aad Fnrrs of didr Wild BMfb, for which the;f rive dwmCloaddnf, Anas. Ammnnition, Ram, and ether S^ts, in Retam. This, as w«^ll as die odier Northern Cdoniet, hath a dandefiae Trade widi the SpamarJs upon the Coaft of Ttrrm^Snmi funiihii^ them with£«n;^M» Goods and Mcrchindiie, for vrhich they receive chidly Pmtm •/ Eight in Return; they aUb trade to dieBayof tfndb- rm$ for Logwood by Connivance, as die Sfmiardt iky ; but the 8vb- jeAs of Gnmt-Britma infift that diev have a Right to diat Trade; aad there is a Trade anied on bodi widi die Premh uADwtth Iflaads, and Smrinam, not at all to the Advantage of Old En^mi, and very di^ truAivcto theSu^Cdonics; fi» they take Mownes, Rum, and odtcr Sfnrits, with a neat nuny Eurtptm Groods from theft Foreigacn, car- tving them Hones, Proviuons, and Lumber in Return, without tsdiich the FrtHcb codd not carry on dieir Sugar Manufatere fo that AdU vantage they do. Revelutums and Mtmcrshig Evtnis of New-Tork» /It Jerfeyt, ani Penfylvania. THESE Countries were diicovered, with die reft of the Coa- dnent of Nmrik AmtrUa^ in the Reign of King Hmrj VU. by Mmjlitm Ctttt for die Crown of England ; but Sir ff^Jttr iUh^ was the firft Adventurer tlut attempted to pllint Colonies on ihde Shores, in the Rdgn of Quern EfiKtiMb, and in Honour of that Princefi gave all die Edlcrn Coaft of Ntrti Aimns die Name of • Mr. w id$ B kJtti S H AMSRiC 4- Mr,ai4fn, wa Bngl^0tmmt finUng totluttFartof tIieCaat< Iks between Firnmm and Ntw MmUuidt in the BeginaM ;f3 f Uf i n;rvf^;r J o;rvo;rvf%( vn;f r M A R r L A N D. BctMFCtn Between I 74- and 78 and 40 Situation and Extent., Lon I i4oMilesinLeflgdi. > Being 135 Miles in Breadth. Boimdaries.'\ BOUNDED by Ptnj^hamat on die Nordi | by another Fart of PeKj^hamm, and the MUu^ Ooean, Eaft ; by Vhrtimat South; and by the JpalacbtM f letcntains* Wei. ' MtuyUmi is divided into two Parts by the Bay tiiCb^fiptm\ vh. I. The EaAem; and, a. The Weftem Divifion. Divifions. The Eaft Divi- fion contains the^ Counties of The Weft Diviv fion contains. Counties. I. Scmtrftt •— a. DtrcbeJItr -— 3. Tmlitt County 4f CtcilCovoktv — S. St. Mar/» County a. CbarUt County — I3. Prinet Giorgt County 4. Calvert County — 15. Aunt Jrtuulel Coanty Chief Townsi Smtr/et Dorclefter OxfirJ, 't. Ma/ft Brifttl ^Umfitrknit Ahtnptn AwmfaUst W. Lon. 78. N.Lat. 39-15. Baitiimre. *6. Bidtlmtrt Covuaty RH/trt.} This Owntry, like Firginiot is watered with innomen- Uc Spriiws, which fsrm a grnit many fine Rivers, of which the ducf art, i,fummk. a. The River Pttm$ge. 3. The River Pmhumt. 7. fftceimcm River; 4. ArwTM River. 5. Ch^mik. 6. Sa^fras River. 9tAt %t The River of St, Gurge, "m. There M BKItlSU AMERICA. ' Thcnaieniorelirfenc^pdileofnoehringlaiMSIklptywliii^ db Bomeroot Bty* and Creeks diac iadeiit theLwd on ntfy SHde^ 1^ dM Sounen an Opportnnlcr of hringns: thdr Vefiblt up to die Fbitten Doon to recetfe didr ncij^tt of Tobacco^ fSti Btf$ miJ Capa."] ThechkfBy afedwfe of C / iMi p (i ^i andZV^h Wari $ad C$fe Hmlifta, at die £ntnuice of DfUWarBaji k dii moA notedCape. Nam.J King CiarUt I. wu pleafecl to give diis Province the Name tSMarjMul, in Hmoor to his Queen Htmriaia Mttis, Daogliter of MtmrttV. of Frame, when he granted it by Patent to Geargt Calvert ham Bakimore, Aam 163 1 . 'It is feparated fiom Firgma, on the Soiidi» by die River Po' Fact tfthi CetMty.'l This, as wdl as FirgimM, may be divided into* r.The low Luids next die Sea. 2. The hilly Country towards Ae Hetttsof the Riven ; and, 3. The jfyalachiam Mountains beyond, which are exceeding high. jSr.\ The Air of this Country, I perceive, is exceffive hot fome Pint of the Snnuner, and equally cola in Winter, when the North- weft Wind blows. ^ Their l^Hnters are not of more than three or l^ur Months Dura- tion, and in thefe they fddom have one Month of bad Weather ; all the reft they are happy in a clear Air, and bright Son^ and are icarce ever troubled with Fogs. Prothtt and Tr^eiJ} Tobacco is planted and ct^vated here with as much Application as in Virpmat and their principal Traffick with Apbm^isin dus Article; though the Country prodnoes moll of the Grain and Fruits ofEuropt and Jmerica. The Fianters live in Farms, fefvyilpfiQr lUM •«t net now fit* kawM|gN^ iiii^tlMM in iIm Piovutt«. «i «4 0. "..f^sS ■M-- •flkll ftoniMu bat MMiMmaA^ k Maki on ite IliAnniiDiii^Utak dtt FlaMteg «f ToMfifeo ktn^ tUl ih* Cdtony bactflii dMci m 0m». fthiahh fci atiwaidief Baitft m FirpaiM^ wUti^Wmmm nauHf iii fi imin of Ai» Pimfdoa, bd^oMofdhflMl JwwJiliii* •Ut EittB* ii^*d bjr my Su^ea ^iGrnit BrUmmthtom. Aifo th« MMncn and Cnftoou of dn Attmu, nd odpr Anidc* oaMMlicre, tbcfe wiU be ften in th* Dolbipiion of ^ir|«M«, which •I* vwf Utd«diitreacAom thofe oiMmji Between Between I R G I N I SUmUim and EttUnt, A. 5240 Miles m Leogdi. \ too ! files in 9ce^Mh. C 74 7 1 \ end IW.Un. I \t Y J T| O U ND E D by the River frnimmuus which dl^ J3 videt it from MmryUtnd, on the Nonh Baft \ by the JbUmticOctUkt on the Eaft « bv CaroA'iui, on the Soodi, and by the ^/meHma MbMMains, on the Weft. It may be divided into fbar Parts, w'x. 1 . The Noith Divifion. s. The Middle Divifioo. 3. The Soodi Diviiioii : And, 4. The BaftDivtfion. Coantiet. NtftbmaAtrltaid La»C4i/Hrt Ktcbnuni ~m. Stmftnt - Bffex Dhrifions. The North Di) wifion contaioDt'l I. 8. 3- 4« $• 7. MMUfut 9. Gkmufitr o. King and P««n» County— |i>. JTiiv^ii/iVMs County ^ vumwiHwiia II. Ktm Ksmt —-^ It. B/m^hHk Coanty — — I}. IFWrwiri CoiUMy — — 14. TinlCoimfy ■ If. iViMg^4NwCooaqr — <^. PhrHhes. . iViirs. CFrnmimt CMCkmrck Strmttm */. P*l*r>t •OifiHM. i#- ai . CAmrUi Coomjr — ««-* at. Mrirrrrv Coantf — — J4ma County «— — Tlpfead^lM. r6. I TheEafternDi- T viifiQA becw«enj «3- 24. ^(MM« Coontjr Tmim 7MM» ind the Oct^n I Xhttrt.] Into the Weft Side of tkia Ba/ ftUip four grea( Riven, which rift in the AMacAiM Moontaint* ruaning from die North* Weft to the South-Eaft } the Inoft foutherlv of thde is ya$mtt Rirvr, the Infim Name whereof was Pvutbotmi$, bcipg generafiv aboattwo Miles over, and navigable at leaft fborfcore Miles. Ttrk River, whofii /*dlfM Nsifte was Pamunkft is a little to the Northward of 7mm» Ri- ver, {tforth of T»rk River is the River of Rafprnbrnuoc ; North of Rapfabanecit is the great River of Patowwuu, which is navigably near two hundred Miles s being nine Miles broad in (ome Places, bat generally aboat feven. Bmft and Caf/s.1 The great Bay of Cbtfepeak runt np through Firginim and Marftmul, aimoft doe North, three hundred Miles and upwards, being navigable moft Part of the Way for targe Ships. Wi enr^ this Bay between two Promontories caJled Caft CbmrUt and Otft Hmj. fact •ftbt Cemnj.'] As we approa<^ Firnma from the Oceaok it aj^iears to be low Land ; and for an hundred Miles up into the Copi- try,ihere isfcarce a Hili'or a Stone to be met Widi. The ^n^h Cwnttay, befbre it was planted, was either Fbrefts, or ^qp and Mo- raftbf which die People in the fFHt hiHit call Swamp^ and fhch the greatdl Part crf'lt is at prefent. Their Trees are much loftier than ours, and no Underwood or Bulhes now beneath. Peojde travel wfth Bale tbroirib ^efe Forefts on Horfeoack, and never want a ine Shade to dated tb«a from the Summer Heats. JKtrmd 8tm/iiu.] The Air and Seafons depend very much on die Whid, aa to Heat and Cold, Drynefs and Moiftore 1 the Nordi and Notdi*Weft Winds are yrery nicraos, and piercing cdd, and clear, of ■ dft Aormy t die Sonth-Eaft and Soitth, liasy andfiiltry hot ; in Wia* ter they have a fine dear Air, and diy, which renders it very plea* fimt t thd^'l^iofts are ftiort, but fbmcdmca fb very (harp, that it will fkeote die RS«en over three Miles broad. Snow ilHs fbmt t i aws in p^^ity great QaandUes, but lately con- dnoes there above a Day or two 1 their Spring u aboet a Month aariiivthaain EMgUuul i va Afrit they have frequent Rains; Mtrp Qji a and' « 6ii B Rtt IS W AMtRtC A. and ^tawdw Heat increafes, and k if nodi like a«r SnanMr, b^ aikifiMd widi geade Bicexes, diat rife about Nine of dw CkNic,aik[ decreafie and tocreafe im dw Son rifci and fidli. JtJi^nA AKgMfl thofe Breezes oeafr, and tlie Air becomes ftagoant ; tnentheHeatti violent and tfOoblefSnie. In Sfttmitr. the Weather ofoall/ breaks ftiddeidjr. and there falls very oonfiderable Ratos» when many fidl fkk, dds be- ing the Time for Cachexies, Floxics, fcorbotick Drepfiet* Gripes, or the like. It is conpnted there are in Virgmim opnrards of an hondred thoa- fta4SoaIs, bdiiks Servanu and Slaves, which are above twice that Namber. Soil and ProJiuf.'] No Coontry produces neater Quantities of ex. tree, which has the plerfanteft Smdl in the World, and keeps Uoffoming and feeding feveral Months together. Silk-erafs grows ^ntaneous in many Places ; I need not aientk)n what Advanuge may be madt of fo ufetul a Plant, whofe Fibres are as fine as Flax, and mnch ftroncer than Hemp. The Woods produce great Variety of Incenfe and fweet Gums, which didil from ieveral Trees. AU Sorts of naval Stores may be produced there, as Pitch, Tar, Rofin.Turpendne, Plank-Timber, Mafts and Yards, befides Sails, Cor- dage, and Iron } and all thciii nuy be tranfportcd by aa eafy Water- Carriage to Gft'Mt Britma. FW.] Their nfual Food wu Hommony, which is AmA'm Com boiU to a Pulp, and comes the ncareft buttered Wheat of any thin# I can compare it to } they eat alfo Venifon, Filh, and Fowl, great nrt of their Time being employed in hunting and taking them, for they had no tame Fowls. AmmmU. ] Their Animals are generallv the fame as have beea enn- mcrated in treating of Mtxkt. And befides the Animiilsthe Bwrtfums found ibete, moA of the Quadrupedes of Bmnpi have been inttoduced ; fiich as Horfcs, Cows, Sheep and Hogs, which are prodirioofly BuUtiplicd I many of them run wild in £eir Forete. Beef aaid Pbrk are fold from One Penny to Two-pence a Pound. Their fotieft Pol- Ictt arc Six-pence a-piece { Chickens at three or four Shillings a Dozen i Gccle at Ten-pence a-piccei a Turkey for Eightaen>pence. Fi(h, Oyflers, and wild Fowl, are the cheapcft Food in the Coaatry in the Seafoo. And Deer are fold from Five Shillings to Tea ShiUiags a-piece. BRITISH AMERICA 613 X^iiUHtatim.} TheGofinnnitoftlwANriteRrM , dtt (Sowa deSemit co tbe Mxt Bradwr, and mc to dw Soa of dbc ^•cmftd Mooaidi » ud if dierc are ao Brodwn, then 10 the SiftcnF locoafivelx, apcoidiM; to ilMir Seniority } bwthit i« in Kaiitf a li- fluted Mbiiarciiy» ^ the Kiof tnuJaAa aotkioK of CodcqnenoB withoat conialtii^ lii« PndU and the Cliieft «f the Peopk i and tbo* be be vcied widli the Gvil Power, the General hat the Command of the Army in ijheThne of War independent of him. The whole Ter- ritory beloMpng to one Tribe being bat cne great Common, entv Man has a lught to what he erefts, pofleflet, or nfes, whether BnUo- iam or Plantationa, as long as he remains in that Part <^ the Cowmy where th^ lie } bnt when he removes, any other Man may fcttleon > the fiune&Mt of Ground. The Government of the £«//i(l& is formed npon die n^^/b Model 1 die Governor aAs as King » die Coaaeil fuppltes the Place of a Houfe of Lords, and the Howe of RejMrefcn- tativcs the Comasons. There are three pabKc Offiicers befides the Governor, who havw dnir CommiiBQn immediately from his Mayefty, ««. The Auditor of the Revtane 1 the Receiver-General, and the Secretary, in whoft Ofice is kept the public Records, and all Deeds, and other Wriung* proved. The Eodefiaftical Comml^laiy receives his Authority from the Bi* fbop of Itfuimi. The Treaforer of the Province is appointed by the Mneral Aflem- biy, and receives the Money raiied by the AAs of that AiiMibly. FfffM.] There are no other Forces in Firpmrn btt Mili^ of which the Governor is Lieatenant-General by his Comwifioa* and in each County he upoino the Colonel, Lieutenant- CoIomI, uA Mjor. Every FicMnnn (that Is, all that are not Servants) fifom fixteento fixty Years ciAuc, arelifled in the Militia, and are muAcred once a Year at a general Mofter, and foor Times a Year by Troevs and Com- panies in their refpeMve Coqnties ; and they are reckoned to be about twenty thoufand Men ; the whole Inhabitants, Men, Women and ChUdren, amounting to upwards of One hundred Thooland, and Slaves and Servants to twice that Number. This Colony have till now enjoyed along Peace : The ImBsMs wera in pofftA SabjcAion to them, and they had no Apprehenfion of any fb- leign Enemv able to hurt them, except in the wide Sea by their Cmiiers ana Privateers. And in all our Wars the Knemy have fcl- dom ventured within the Bay of Ch«ftp«mk. Gtiardfliips are ufually lent from EttfUnS for the Defence of uiis and the other Plantations, none of oar Cofonies being fiilfored to have Men of War of their Mtvtmut.y The public Revenoes are, 1. A Rent refcrved bv the Crown of afl Lands granted by Patent, a. A X^sftf of two Shillings a Ho|ftididon all Tobacco expoited. 1. A Duty of Sixpence a Head fbr ev#ry Paflhnger bronght Into the Coutry. 4. Fines and ForiVritofti. 5. Duties on Pofeign Liquors, and on Slaves and Ser- Q,q 3 vanH ^14 BRITISH AMERICA- nnts imported. Aid lafUx, Monejr raifcd by K6» paftd In dit Atkukkyi bc9dn the Dndetliidttim Tobacco b the UMBtriM^ prodoee it. There are fnch heavy Duties on all that if ettoitad tQ Bnf^amJ^ that dvfey tmoont to two handled and fifty thovAidPioaada annually, of whidi die Planters conplain with fome Reafctt. Tknr dMerre ^ the Ei^Hfo Merchants only are the Gainen by dris Traf* fielt { thofe that are at the Charge of planting and prepiyiiig it, get bnt a bare Sabfifttnce, and many of them are deeply in 0ebt to oar Merchants ; for the Prime Coft, dear of Daties, does not amoant to fliore than a Penny a Pound. Ftrfiw and HaH^s.} The UdiMt are bom tolerably white, bat lake a great deal of nios to darlcen their Complexion, by anointing dMaaielves widi Greaic, and lying in the Sun { thev alfo paint their Faces, Breats, and Shoolders, ofvarious Coloars, out generally red. Their Featntes an good, eijpecialiy thofe of the Women ; their LinUw clean and ftraight, and ^rce ever any crooked or deformed Perfone (Hnongthem. Tii#ir ChieA wcnr a Coronet adorned with Feathera, and JbnM> rimes a whole Fowl, ftaffed and dried, on their Heads i their Oma' atenta are Ear-rings of Copper, Cbuas, or Shells, PeadKri and leads iboot their Necks, and Bracelets of the fame about their Amu. Their Ooathkg is only a Piece of $kni about dwir Waift. Aat naches down to their Knees i and thofe of Conditmn hnw a Skb of n Deer, or (bmeodicr Beaft for » Maade { and anodier Pieoe of Skin ferves them for Shoes or Boikins. Gt»hs,] The hMS4m are neither lb ignorant, norib inttocentai Ibme Ibppoie diem, bnt are a way nadcrfUnding Generation, quick of Apprieneniion, fodden in Diftwich, Aibde in their Dealings, ejiqui- fite in their Invendons, and induftrions in dieir Labour i the World Jias no better MarMbien with Bow and Arrow than dM Natives, who kill Birds flying, Fiflies fwimming, and wild BeafU rnnnhig ; and Aioot their Atrows with fueh proAgi^s Force, that one of them fhot gn iiigli/lmMm qoite throagh, and nailed both his Arms to his Body 5irith the fame Anow, They did not know th« Ufe of Iron, and dm Copper they had only fbnred theof for Omamenu i their edged Tools were fliarp Stonet, or Shells fee tai Wood i dwy bnmt down dM Tfanber diey nftd. BmUhtt ^ rvntUmt tftht Indifna.] The imdiMt had no Towna when die Smk/k arrirad amongt dwm, any mora Ulan they havo it this Dty. They lived, dHperfed in fmaU ViUagei, of Mn or twelve Huan-piacn, eidmrin die Woods, or on dM Bank* ofR|Nn» whert dHigr had Unit PlanMtieni of AM«en Com nnd BMto, not ^oogh to fnpply thfir Families half the Year, fnbfiaing dm RemakMlnr «fitfe7 Handpi. Fifhtog, andFowlii^^ nnddMFnSiBof dM Enidi, which grow fnontanaowy in grant Plraiy herp. They onrerod dMir AntiwidiBafltQrllii^ andiayiiponliaiiorSkJw. ThtPalacaa of dmir great hfen were ordinary Barm, divided into Eomm hf Mfia^ inth« M^ of which mu plac4 dnir IM, which dM^ MVlM BRITISH J ME MIC J. -^ kmiaaUilMirliprtlkteM. TMv ofSktiu, Earthen Pou and Pansi Goanis or CalfMMl wkidi ftmd th«n Ar Paita» C«pa and DiflMa. Thl| tlMn bnt tltfnljr peopled, dheft iinaU ViUagei bcb^nfinl^r font 6i| DitMv^iMr.l On Feftivals and r^iridng Di^i dMy fine and in a Rii^ taUi^ Hands, havinfib paintnl and di%niM iheaUdvMt tkat Hiawficfllt to know any of then. One of the firfl Adten umi n idatea, that being invited to one of thefeEnterttinmenti, diejr car- ried hki to n Wwd Side; and having feated him and his Compaaf by a good Rie, thirty yoong Women {allied oat of the Wood per* nftly ndeed, oxoepta Moddly-bit made of «een Leaves* iWr lo- diet being |Minied red, white and black, aiid of all manner of Co- loan. On their Heads every one had a Pair of Sn^^Hoou, Bo«« and Arrows in dieir Hands, and Qaivers at their Backs : They took Hands, andfimg and danead ronad the Strangers and the Fire, aid having continned this Divcrfion for an Hoar, dMw ndred into (he Wood, where they had provided a Peaft of Fifli. Fleih, Fowl, and Froiti, to whidi the Strangers were iovitad, and entertained with their Coonoy Songs while they wem at Dinner. Rtijtim.] Travellers entertun as widi fach diftnnt and eontra* diAory Acconnts of the JUliapon of the Natives, that it it dificolt to know what wo oaght to ndievo concerning them. Mr. ITiilir. who wu lent over at Govemorofan intendedColony by Sir Wm/m Rtltigi, rdatei, that they worihipped the Son i that at weak of Day, an the Ffmlly above twelve Years of Age went to the Wattr^ide, am! bathii^ intil the San arofe, offered l^bacco to this Planet < and that they did the littie at Son-let. Captain Smitk and Colonel Btnurbf, who refided Ions amoiig them, affue as they worlKloped the Inuvaa Of feme int^knr Ileities, whole Anger they feoned to dread, on whfck Accoont the GcneraGty of onrt'eople denominate the Clt^ of their Devotion Devils, dongh at die fame Time it !i anowed they nnqr to their ia^aior Deities fw Sacceis in their Undertakings, and for Plenty of Food and other Neceflaries of Life : That the|r fbcm to icknowlcdge oie fiwreme God, bat do not adore him, b^wving Mm to be too nr cxaltea above them, and tqo happv In himtelf to he con- cerned abont the trfflng Afii^ of poor Mortau. They feem aUb to belitve a fbtore State, and that after Death they flialt be removed to their Friends, who have BOne before them, to an Blyfium or Para- dife beyond the weilem IJoantaint. Othert allow them no Rdtgfon, or very fdntNotiontof thefe Thingtt bat all agree that they are «icceedin| fap«fiUtiOas, and feem to Ofcad evil Spirits i and that they have their Cbajorers, whoa they confnit on their nndertaking (|nv Boiarpriae. Odart reUie, dutt dieie pretended Conjurers, are faitk Priais and Phyficiansgand what they can't cuio by their If edidnet, day piitand to^by witchcraft. In ordor to raooneilo thefe diibrent Aceooats, wo matt fappefe difbiNlTribM auy hftftdifbreni NodgiM> and dUbrasi Riiea QJ14 •** 6i^ 1 klWJ $ U A ME Rit^M aadGiitneakl, ipllloiMofdMRclaton iM^kav^^ i^H* # dM^t^/Mw iMie, thnr comr mtaStr alMr tyir Mothgr Um GMilcb of £«^M. Emjr PanA it erovided witk il« AM, wkokM a Houfe and Glebe, and aboat the Valoe of foniftwe Poandt /ir Jmmm paid.bim ia Tobacco, wbkb tba Chnrdi-Wavdetts colkft Ibr b»m : #at (kerf are no Piottftai(t BUbm. An P4y)cfi«ftical Com. miflary, or Snperintradant, u appohnmd oy tUe BUbop of £mn4i» ia tbk Colony, M wcU a« in others, wbo inmAa the Bebaviow pf die Oergy i and though a full Libaty of Uinfdenoe it allowed to all Periuafioni, there are but few Diflenteia finm the rflahliflwd Chnrch. J Unvotrfitfi] The Seat of the GoTcnunent beiiw reaofcd from 2ames Tmumt to a Plaoe called WHUtrnfUfrgh^ in Honour of King TtlUam, fitoaie between 7c«» and Ywrk River, it was jptopofed to bniki aCMtegtdicitfk «> which their Majetfes King WOUam and Qween Af«!y, in the Year 169s, gave aboot two thoofand Pounds, eiMowing ie with twcn^ thoofiuid Acses of Land, and the Revenue of One Plenny in the Pound on all Tobacco exported. A Power was alfe given to certain Gendemen, and diebr Siiccef- for*, to build die College, and give it dw Name of XPirV/tMi andMu^ College, in which th^e were appointed a Prefident, fix Profeiibrs, and one hundred JBtudcnU} and the Truftees were cnaMedto take EflaKBs to the Value of two thonfiud Pounds per Amnm t and there hiis been a venr laige Donation by the Hon. Mr. JgriSr to dds College, fyt die Education oif Jm^SMii Childie* therein. P§tr pwiird^J NothWidiibndingdiere art not many Ptanten ^•ry rich in this npvince, there is fearco any Man {6 poof as to be reduced to a State of Bieggary 1 but If any one Knppettt' to ht dHabled bjF Age or Sicknefs firom working, he Is onartered upon Ant f«blhui- dal nanier, whftre he is plentifully pfotiocd iw at 1 »nd not ia the Manner that the Poor are provided fbr on dds SMe t Water, where they are In a Maanet' umrUbned. and joft prelbvcd from periflung. ■, '"'" Their County Courts have a Fowtt of tsinfnring and pnaifhte| all Maiers that do not provide their Servants gooa whddbme Diet, Cloadiiag and Lodging. And thcfe Courts have Power w redrefi anjf Grievance Sorvtnts may have Realbn to complain of. The Pfoperty of all Money and Goods fent over to Servants, or carried with them* i# r^fervM'for them, and remains entirely at didr PifpoW. Rfjolutiom and memordbU Events, 'T^ HE Nordi-Eaft Part of the Continent of Amirkm was firft dif. I covered bv Stim/imit Caiet, a Native of Bri/0/. King Htmj VIl cmpbxed bin ia die Year 1497, to find out a North.'Vf^ft Pai- fage to GUmi 1 which though Caiet was not fi> fortunate to accom- lifli, yet he dlfcovered all the North-Eafi Coaft of AmtHttt, from ape thrid*^ in S5 Degrees of Nordi Ladtodt, to 67 nod aa half 1 bvm t ,0 nutt ISH'AMER ICA^ $if ««M wlwace BugUmJddmti a lUtfufttot Ci ia »<^ Diiolto #« Sp^taMi, or any Other faMMwPtfwcrt And die MtHmmAniiiM m»haAetowit«t, «r faid ColoBiet t6 Kefdi itefrlar Ibr i mMA^ abk Time, Caite linlelf iofitmi «s, wts die Wm ihac Kappiiiwd 1— t d iatdy after : By which, I fiqipofe, he meaae dw f irfbitclioiii in die Rein of HtmyVU, and die Wan widi PrMtt, Stttl^J, waA Sf»m, ia die ReigM af Hmry VUL I/«wd# VI. Qa«a Ji;«7, aat Qoeea£ZnM^A. <^eea ElhuAetb having equipped fererat Sqaadioln, vndtf dM Cooimaiid of diofe celebrated 0>ninimden, DitAt, H^Mlini, and RmUifht to croice apon the $/mi^ Cdafti and Iftinds iii Jmtiit^ they Drought home fuch fiivounble Accounts of the Riches nad Fer« tili^ of fUridat that a great many enterpriciog Gentlemett appearai very zealous of making Setdements in ttat Part of the Wbrid, and t^eyir. Rakight afterwards Sir VU!r dmi, and Capt Artbw Bm4fw, who fetlaiT from £*//«Wob the aodk of 4»rf/ 1 e84, and arrived at the Idand of IffMrnr, on die Coaft Of CarwIhM, in 34 Ocgrres odd MiaMes N. Lat, Thef vilhed aaMhtr lOand a Uide to dM Nordiward, called Rttmsi s iad fooM of dM OSeers went over to the oeighbooring Condnen^ where dMy wiine lM>l]pitably entertained by Xf%iyNi«, the &ing of that Part of the Gonn^ try I however, diey returned m dwlfland oflf«l*lMbefbrelin|^ where A^r bartend loan Utmfib of Bra6 and Pewter, Aan, HotdU. cts, and Knives, with the Nadves, ferSldmand Fnmt aadha»^ ingdi^poM of aU their Goods, and loaded dnir Shins widi SUnt, Snbfrae, md Cedar, and procured fome Pearls and Tobacco, they parted nMi the Nadves in a verr friendly Manner, retoming to ^tr- mm/ with two hdimm, who dewed to com along with them. Tfie Tobaeoo Hfooght home by theie Adventnrers, being (be firft that was ever feen in JFef/sW, andf was then cried op as a moft valuable Flint aad a Remedy lor aland every Diicafe. ThMe two Sh^ having nude a profitaUe Voyage, and given om that the Coantiy was inmenMy rid^ Mr. RMUgkuA his Friendi fitted out a Fleet Of finen Shins more, giving the Command of It to Sir Bdumri Grttwilitt who fct ftil from Pfymmtk the ddi Of AfHt i5ts, and anrivvd at die lifauid of ir«Mm die s6di or Jmu following, where the Admiral's Ship wm caft awav gpiag inn the Harbour 1 but he and dl the Crew wen laved. The Admiral after, wards coadoAod the Advoaturers to the Ifland ciMtmH&k, from •rheace ho wtat over to dif CoMiMBt» aad took a View of the Country j Itii BRJ^Xfi J MM RICA jktmtltnd ploiKlmd n JiMlr«» Tom, witk dl iIm Om mwiagktlKir FtcUi. ud Im'm loS^Mw o» dM tOud Wi Xmmk, WMkr dM Coanaiidorilr. ««f^ J«m. «m£M kte tBOiake liurthtr Difcov«riei, and then fttfiulfor £i ffa y/, ynmyii^ IQ ittnn uriih fach Rdafoiumcnti u ihoald enabb Urn to fobdqd ' ibooriog Continent : Biit Mr. Isn* marchiiig to the Weft» Coantry deftroyed befcre him as he advanced, and k waa ^nih|KatOifficolty heaade hi* Retreat to Rpi u iMk again. And ken tM CdooT weio in gnat Danger of ftarving, if Admiral thrmh Ind not taken theai npathe wairetaniingfroai aCmiie* and bronght , Sir If^mr fin^t over fisveral other Utde Bmbarkatioos ; bat nag. lifting to fimportdmBt allofthempenflicd. The JtuHmt had bew «Bifperatr'^l* ^"*^ ^hom tb^ received their Faient. Tkis was tke drft i:a>vn buik by the XmtH^ on th« Contioent of Jmm em. There happened fome Skirmiihes between dw Mugli/k aad the Na- Itves at their laadiag} but tke inJUm appfeheaditts ihey flwold not appreheMdittg daey flwol be aUf to aiaiataio their Oroond agflinft a PoofTe fnnufliod JKra-Aras, ^pretended to be reconciled, waiciog hi of fiUling upon tbefis Straiwers, i^e» diey AmmM for an Op* foitnnlty of tailing upon ( •0 Adnantage. The For boiM finiM> C^ ASswperr, on tko •ad of JuM 1607, letwaed to HfAnn/, leaving 104 Mini in tko mm c The Oairifea loMfiidM^ tki«M«ti an WaM of fwiWmth mmI BkirisM ahmrjqjl A^Kjtftni itfafiM 10 lanift thai wkk aqr, d^ llqr te Ml Valw ATSem, dM BmgH/k loud ihiMftliw oh^m sN^ of iMMiag tbe Coantnr i nnm wkidi m opM Wi|r « Mwi them uddMNativeii however, fidkSmlietaad] ^ifMs cominf o?er« co wm « mlfd bjr dMt LorI DtU ma r, dM ib&w ivert gM to entfr into s TraiM of Peace, darin whid^ Ae '^V^l^ f Tpfiftitioni I Gi»^gt rmOf, the GovwMT, cibbHMiiL GonrnmcDt refembliog that of EtjAml, and the «& GcMial Ai^ fembly or ParUameiit met at ymmt fmm in Mtjr i6ao i and NepOM were nrft imported into Firpmm the ikme Year, The InJiantt in the mean Tvmtt looking vpaa diemfelvet at a mh qaered People, entered into a Confplracy to naAcre aU die Em^S/t on the tzd of Huvh i6m, about Noon, when the Bugiyk mm •broad at Worle^ on their n«Btatk)m, without Anns; and wjtBm* ally miirth«iedj47 of die f «x4^, noft of dieaa bdi^ killed kf tkdt «w» woridflg'foob : Bat an /»<#«», who had been wdl nied by Ua Matter. dir<^iaf dn 0eftgn to him a Iktb beiioi» Ak Execndoa, ho gave Nodce to ne reft of we Planters, who flood upon dieir Oefcsct. and not only faved dieir own Lives* bot cm off grnt Nambcrs c^iho Immtmi, The Planters^not long after ftlfing oat among themfelves, die Ah iimu took an Adrantage of dieir Divifions, ai» made another At- tempt to recover their Ooontry, killing great Nombers of the Emgt^ by Sniprize. Thefe Misfortones being afcribed to die MalAdmlniftradoB of th* Company, Kii^ CImrUt I. diflblved diem in the Year i6a6, and re- daceo the Government of Virpma ander his own immediate DireAioa, amotnting the Governor and Conacil himfelf, oideriiw all Pateoli and Procds to iflbe in the King's Name, leAnrving aQfsit*ieatof a#, for every handrcd Acres of I^nd. The Planten, however, fiAiag into FaAions and Paities i^ain, the Mi«m made a diird Bftwc to lo- cover thdr loft Liberties, and cat off near too nnre of ih^ EttMk i bot they were at lengtb repoUed. and dicir King OffaememMu^ safeea Pnfoner, and killed by a private Soldier, very much Mainft die Will of Sir WiUum BtriUjf the then Qovemor, who defined to havo biooght iiim over into M^lmd, being a Man of an extnordioary Sia* tore, and ilocommon Parts. Sir If^i/iimi afterwards made Peace widi die lmdiM$t which eooir daaed a confideiable Time ( bat the Civil War commencing in f sy» gUad, he was removed from his Govemmeat daring the Ufirpadeo, when an Ordinance of Parliament wae nuide, psoMbidng the Plaa» tadons to receivo or oupert any Goods bat in Iv/^ft ^i^i wUali gave Birth to dM AA «f Navigatiea i» the Reign of King Otelu If, who rciaftaifd Sir l§Uiim B$rki^ in kisOovemmeM attha ReA*. Sir WiUUm p r omoted dM MannfaOores of Silk and Linen in dda Ptootaiioo, and waa efteemad ao eacdlont Governor t bat dm A€t ol Havigaiiem nAnioiiH^ die PlaMre 6om fending dicir Mwcknadiao &i6 fonutpv^ or riHikigjrltiitiOB bat EwUmd, creating a g^ 4l«l,of |>lf. m^.'Wi^t * piipahr, ftl^oui Gcntlett«a, tbok Off A^i^- ttg^ of dieir J^Uaflbfiloii, tnd, fctdag op for hinlUr, dM«r 'MfitoM hm%<^bdf6atk^6tp(iM theC^vemor, and compi^ Uiii tq tjr.tb dte Buleni Shore' of the Bay of- Cbefy^dt'i ind had not IbifM didt li|06dTime, he had prbbabty mack hinfelfSoverdgnofl'2r|»tf«i Wtupotf Ms Death ^WiHimm retained to his Goteramett, aaid the ftdfepir 10 their Datjr ; ifince which dieie hat been no material A}tera- tioM' in the 6tate of Firghi* : Bat th<^ haver jie^^l^Ud the making SUIT, Wine, hnd ererjr other Bhwch of Bnfinefs, Which the Soil and Climate feemcd proper for, and employed themielve* foleljr in the PiMtatiflg mid Canng Of Tobacco. C A;R JP 1 1 N A^ ' cemfrebending North Orolina, South Carolifla, ^;i^ Georgia. Situaim and Extent, w Bffevrjten Betwiieeo and 86 and 36 I' ton. »BeiBg 4 .» $00 Milckin LengdK « ^icadth onceitam. IF we were to extend CmMHnu to the Weftward, at far as their Cbattm woold inftify them, or as far u th^Coantry of the Ok- ptket Jmdumt oor Allies, extends, w« 'might' malce the River Mt^- Afi the WeAem Boondaiy. wUch falls into -the Gulph of Mu^n, m 95 Peg. of Weft n Laricade 1 but if we talte in no more than' k mnadly planted by the S»i^ we mnft not extend it above 200 ICIes IVeft of the Jthmtk Ocean. As to lAneFnnch Setdements on the River hU^lififi, they are bat Into btradm diere, fiace die Year Bvxo, Ar all to the Eaft of that River ppnp e r l y belongs to the Ji^^. and all 10 the Weft to die 8f«mmH/i i ViA xht Sfmimrib aAnaltf deHnqred fime of the Forts the Frtmk had eteaed on th^ Weft ^de of that River t thoogh, ftnce this ftria Onion between the two Kingdoms of /mart and mto, the Sfrnmardi wink at the Fitack Ineroachmems: And if iSm mgtij^ fnfler than to poftefs die Baft Sida 9lijit(0^, and fortify tkcmfelvcs thera^ onr Colonies in Gr-* r«AM wBl be m a very dneafy Sitnadon. The Southern Limits Of diis Coanlry, now denomihata^ G»X*- J?(v«ri.] The chief Riten arc, i. J/btmarU Rivtr. a. Ptnlant, 3. i^TMT^. 4. Cape Fetr, or Clarmltm River. ^. Wmttrit. 6. Sm- ite. 7. 4^/i]r Rtver. 8. Grater River. 9. Collinn. 10. CmmMft , II. Sitvamutb. is. Alattmaba ; and, 13. That noble River St. ^•/bi*s, whidi dividet Gecrgia from 5^^ f/frMir r all which Rivei* rife in the AfaUubiam Mountains, and, running Eaft, fall into the Jt' Umtit Ocufi. And Mr. OgUibcrpt aflures u>, that the Rivers FUmt, Cattbt, Ogtcbett and even the Rifer Miffiffiifit which run from tho Nonh-Eat to dw South- Weft, and fall into the Gui^ of Muut0, p*& throngh Part of Gw«/r'M. &«#, Bofjt mui Catet'l The only Sea bordering on this Coontr/ It that of the ^/iSi«r/c Ocean, which is fo (hallow near the Coafi, that a Ship ofanygrrat Burthen cannot approadi it, except in ibme few PUces. There has not vet been found one good Harbour in Nitrtb Can/ins ; the beft are ihoK of Rtatuak, at the Mouth oiAibtmmrk Ri. ver, and Fimiita. In S^tb CarJiaa Acre are the Harbours oHFim^ana^ or Gttirwt Ttwrn, CbarUs Towii, and Pert Rofal. In Gtorgia, the Months of the Rivers SavamMmb, and JUtamabm, fbrm good Harbours. The ffioft remaricable Promontories are, Cvpc Hatttras^ in 3$' odd Min. North Latitude { Cape Fear to the South of it, and Cape Cirttrtt Hill farther Sonth. ' Am tftbt CaamrfA It has a low level Coaft ; not a Hill to be (Sten ftom St» Aagnfiim to rirgiaia^ and a great Way beyond, and is gsne- ndly covered with Wood, where the Planters have not. cleared it. The Country rifes into Hills about 100 Miles Weft of the Coaft, and continues to rife gradually to the Apalatbiaa Mountains, which are about ICO Miles diftant from the Ocean. Air.] "^ ■'i^r ■ 0\ fifiiiili'ipiii fiitiuiiii ill I riiniiwi#ffcii wICiiHj \m^^Mllim^i^iltm tibtiblefiMM 10 Smmmt, dutt Che CaU 'uimmui IVMfairy.] tilt Vqiettbte* ut inaininib^ fiv ad duit |ro«r % M unf t gt9w there ; and nuuijr that cannot Hand bv WJaten, diihii dheic. f hit Cooatry hath prodnced, and woold tSXl prodnce, 8dk, Wine* and OQt if it was properly coldTaced : Mulberry -Trees and Grtupes Cfpontaneoafly* and the Soil it extremely pno^r for Olhres. We ^ had -Samples of their Silk broag^t over, e(|ad to any we pW' 'i of Pordlgnen. TnjIKr.] They (hip off yearly from CartUma aboot 60,000 Barrels «f Rice, eadi Bartd (containing 400 Weight, and export 70,000 Deer Skins /«' Jnn. at a Median, ror ten Yean fucoeffively i alfo glafles, Beads, and feme ooarfe Cloth, and Daffils. TheJhf/(/0 Chapmen carry thefe on Pack>horfes 5 or 600 Miles into dtt CwNitry, Weft of Chmrles Ttwrn but moft of the Trade is con- iaad within the limits of die Creek and Ciertiet Nations, which do ■ot lie tibmt 300 Miles from the Coaft. GmrfM, die moft feiudiem Province, is not a froitfbl Country ; but kairiiy feiveral fine Rivers running through it, the Baidu of them are IbrtilW, and make a very good Barrier for the CareSwm\ which were befoit cspofed to the Incurfions and Ravages of the Sfamianb and their LuSmi Allies. The Settlements on the River Alatmmabm are run to Ruin and forfaken, of which we are like to feel the ill "EJScGs* ia^ AisWar. jbimtJi.'\ Among dwir native Animals they have the Urns, or Ze« taa^ deferibed by CaJSu-t i^ch the Emgli/b improperly call a BuflUoe. The native Animals are the fame as in JMm^ ; tnd the Eunpemm Catda, lite. Cows, Horfes, Hogs, and Sheep. ' are vaftiy inernfed* hei^ aadwy are ia other ^uitations, and are faScred to ran in the Woodsru^tfaioat a Keeper, only they are brought Home in the Even- ing. The Wool of meir Sheep is not infonor to the Ei^ll^% koA fcvltaj and Rdgeons are as plentifol as Cattle. Mmm/m/hires.} The Nadvcs have no ManofaAores but what each TtmSfy makes fut kt ownUfe : They feem to defoife working for Hiie, am mmd their Time chiefty in Hunting and war, but ^ant Com fnoMli for the Snnport of their Families,and of the Strangers that coaM lai^ikcn. ladkothriVM beta better dumiaaayof die Plantations* GiwnmM.\ lodi foreai '*" 4iC'' BR It am JH MklCA. «% WMmiMMi MtthetrlloMithslMvciMt^MlMfirKfaMiii clrfi i^or dw WorM. thcHiiM^ Ibr, aoeoidiag to 0podding ; and this is called HonuMM^rs They alfo boil Venilbo, and make Broth of it, and eat all Mmm^ of Plefli. They make what anfwers Salt of Wood-Aflm 2 LdUg Peptery which grows in their Gardens, and Bay Leavca» (Mpffy vUatWam of ^ce. Di/iu^ Md RmuHu.] Thcur Nadvea are very heahhfbl,- aad baft ufdfy any Difeafes, except thofe occafioned by drbikil^ of tLwrn^ and the Small Pbx t thoie who do not dripk are exceeding loi^. UM. Old Brim, Emperor of the CrtiJbt who iHed bat a fmr YcMi ago, lived to 1^0 Years ; and he was ndther blind, nor Bcd-rid» till imne few Months before his Death : They have (bmedmes neotifiea and Fevers, bat no Chronical Diftempers t and knowof ieveralRiriMi that have great Virtues in Phyfick, particnlarly for the Care of nk Aomoos Bites and Wounds. Ptrfi»t m»i ffiditi."] The MimM are a maabr well-Aa|«d Raciti the Men tall, the Womea little: They anmat ttcir Bodies with OOt and expofe themfelves to the Son, which oocafiras their Skias to ba a dark Drown ; the Men paint themfelves of vaiioas Cdows, red, UkMV ydlow, and black 1 tbn wear generally » Girdle, vnth a Piece oC Cloth drawn throogh thaar Legs, ud tamed over the Girdle bodi be» fore aad behind, wnich looks romcthiag like Breeches. The Wobmb w^r a Kind of Pettieeat to their Knees; both Men and Womea, M the Winter, wear Mandes two Yards fooare, which thqr wnp nmA their Bodies, as the Romms did their J019, generally keeping tbekr Arms bare. GuAuJ] They are a teaeroos, good-natnred People, very haaMa» to Strangers ; patient in Waat Md Pain, flow to Anger, and not ca^ provoked 2 bot when they are thoroagbly ihcepfed, they are iaipla- cabie I very qoick of AppedMnfion, and eay of Temper 1 their pab» lick Conforaaces Amw diem to be Men of Uenins, and diey have • ■atnral EloaaenfieL JU/igimJ} Di/ti hardly ^: #f*i #-^ (% §jit^g^4 A Um n ft ^ w ,A m' m ^.if. m' '^ni^^-mmt' l$m htt Advaitorm nMft due ih« Cfrtim •fdcat H«raci4 fcrdMfeFtaifiyiCBH verjr loifit Tlwjr Siia, anddie tlw oilff HSir; aGcntleiDtt ibat wm ootltegfiiicib ftyi, Iw did nocobiienre ' pMt d«|l oTsaperftitioo. They wcra i ^ Ao Notkii 9f a good one, and tbatthdr Moialf would cheat any Man they could. ^; GOfcnior Ogktiarft, on the odier Hand, (ayi, diey feened to he 'ireiy well difpofed, and it woald be no dincolc Matter to audui Aem PioieUies to the Chriftian Religion. That the Cwk Nation ah. horred Adoltery, ar i did not approve of a Plurality of Wives, ud mere never guilty of Theft; though he admiu there were other Tribes that were not fo fcropoloai hi thefe Matters^ That fince our People had forniflied them with Sp^rituons Liquors, th^ were given to Drink- ing, and that th^ were charged with being revencefuTi but that this Revenge, as it was called, was onlv doing themfclves Juflioe on thofe xi^liad imured them; but this they feldomdid, except u Cafes of If older ana Adultery ; and if they did not retaliate fuch Injuries them- lUvcs, there was no other Power could do it. Even their King cannot pnt a Man, to Death. j^rom aU die Accounts we have of thdr Relipoo, therefore, it ap- faart, that thev believe diere are jpowerful, intelligent Beu^ that concern themfefves in human ASair^, and that th^ have' a great Dreid of them, and confequendy do pra^ to them when they are in J^ingfv; a^d how fuch People can be laid to be altogiether without Ridigibn, is what I don't underftand : Verv probably, if they were ' thoroughly examined, ihey have much the (ame Religion as their Mdghboars of Fir^mm have. r. Revolutions and mmerahk Events. CJHOLINJ was the left Country in Amiriem planted by the S^gUA* *^ Sir fFabtr Xaleigb't unfortunate Attempts to fix Colonies in CmrtStia, in the latter End of the Reign of Qoeen BBiudtttb. This Conndir feemt to have been entirely overlooked till die Reftoration of King Cbarlts^ II. The dien Miniftry be- ing informed that Ouvlim would produce Wine, Oil, and Silk, WM almoft every thine>that Britmm wuttei, procured a Patent or Grant from KinzCharttt to themfelves, dama the 24th of Mar huRmmtt the £i|f 'lA found it neccflary to extend iMr Plan- tatinn ihriliKr Sottdk, aiid'added thsc Ptoriace, dtlbomituted On^m^ conrigaoas fj the CsnStm'* ; aiid TnUhtfif ^ere J^gointtd to ford^ that Frontier againltthe lircarlions of tke InJitin, who according buflt Towns, and eredcd Forts on or near the Banks of the Riven SavamtMb and JIatMmaiabf in order to rover thefe Provincet againft any hoiife Attempts on that Sidtf, for here only they were liable tQ \m attacked : As to the reft, the i^/«&ritoi» Moantaini MvcrthetwoQf- rtHiim'* flroai any Invafioii from the Weft. General Oc/r/ifrar^conunaBded the firft Smbtrkation for G^»»y/«, A> whom the Crtti Nation volontarily relinqaiflwd their flight to all iht Country South of the River Savaanmb, the Northern Liariti of thb new Province of G««fVM. j and Articles of Conmerce were iJNtled bf- tween the ingl^ and CrMh. There were fome Atteaape made tki laft War to add the SfmmA Port of 9l. Attgu/Hm to the Province df GeoniM I i^nd had not Generri Oikthorf been betrayed,^ke bed prft> baBIy reduced that Fortrefs » bat not being able to conide ia hiamm Peode. he found it neceffiuy to retire ^m thenoe { and the SfmimJt not lonff after returned the Vifit, and invaded GmpUt which wac h well ddended bv Mr. OgUtUrf, that the Spiudanb wot benea «f i bowcvar, they ftdl iafiftthat the Province of Gimrmm,wt Part of it, belongs to the Crown of £/»«<• i but the Linitaof tbia Piovice to iht South are not yet deterained. W??^ Am Between fietween } and i8 A M A 1 C SHwuicn and Extent, •Lon.| > Beings A. 140 MilM b La^gik 60 Milet la Btcadik. '/«.] T lies in the Amtritmi Sea, about too MQci Sooth 1 of Cait, and 70 Weft of IH/^tmutm Rivm."] There are near 100 fandl Rivers ia the Iflaad, bat aoaa navigable < precipitatiag themielves from the Moaataiaa Nortk or South, and nlling into uie Sea after a (hoit Courfo. Their Well-water, near the Sea, is braddfti aad oawboMbae. Afff tfW C«pt$.^ i. The Port of Point M«re»r, at the Baft End •r the Iflaad. a. The Harboor of Fmrt Rami t. TkePort of OU Rt £^. 62$ Briti/b American Ifianis, , f Harhtar. . 4. The Harbour and Ptnnt of Cape Mgr*/. 5. BUwJhU Bay. 6. Fort Ptiin ; and, 7. Slad Point t all on the South Side of the Ifland I and there are ibme othen on the North. mUt. ] The Wind blows off the Ifland every Way in the Night, and on the Ifland in the Day'time, except in Deetmbtr, yenuan, and Ttbruairy, when the North Wind bk)ws furioufly, and chectcs the Growth of the Canes, and all other Vegeubles on the North-fide of the Ifland, but the Mounuins cover the South-fide ftom them. The Sooth Wind brings the moft Rain ; no Rains are lafting on the Sooth-fide of the Ifland, which come fromtheLand. Sem/itit.] Froft and Snow are never feen here, bat fometimet lai^ Hail. The chief rainy Seafons are in Mtfji and O&ottr, when it rains violently Night and Day for a Fortnight. f«<« tfth* IflenJ.] There is a Ridee of Hills mns ftom Eaft to Weft throegh the Ifland, furrowed by deep Gullies on the North and South-fides, made by the violent Rains, which fall almoft every Day on thefe Mountains, wafliing down whatever falls in their Way, and making very deep Channels ; thefe Hills confift either of Rock, or ftfongClay, and are covered with Wood. \' TheVallieaor Savtmnmhs are exceeding level, and without Stones, vHt for Paftare, when cleared of Wood ; the mofl fruitful lying on the Sondi-fide of the Iflind. They are v«ry green and pleafant after the Rains'or Sea(l.)s (as they •re called) but parched and burnt up in dry Weather. PariJhisA The Ifland is divided into 1 4Pariflies or PrecinAs 1 diey have ytry few Towns i the chief are, 1. St. Jtntit At Vtgatix Spau^ 7eiiH. 2. Kimfflon. y Perl P*fmg« ; and, 4. that ot Porl-R»yml. St. Jagti* laftga, or Sfanijh Ttwns it pleffanriy fituated in a fine Plain, upon the River Ctbre, which falli mto a Bay of the Sea that forms the Harbour of Ptri-Rtyal, about feven Miles below 1 it con- fills of 800 or 1000 Houfes, and was the Capital of the Ifland, for there the Governor refided, and the General Aflembly and Courts of Juftice were held. ^ KtngftoHii a Port Town, fituate on the North-fide of the Bay of Pnt-Poyti, 10 or It Miles South Eaft ofSt.yafttt and, fince the re- peated Misfortunes of the Town ofPart-Royml, is become a large and populace Place, much frequented by Merchants and Seafearing Men, and lately made the Capital of the Ifland. Pvrt'Pn^figt is a Sea Port Town, fituated at the Mouth of the River CthrtSesw Miles South-Eaft of St. 7«/«, and obtained iu Name firom bi'ing the grr.itcft Thorough- fare in the Ifland. Pcri-Rvyml, before it was dettroyed by an Earthquake in the Year 1691, was fitoated in the South-Rail Part of the Ifland, at the Extre- mity of a long Slip or Point of Land, running wefterty about 1 1 Miles from the main Ifland, having the Ocean on the South, and a fine Bav of the Sea, which forms the Harbour, on the North, welldc- fimdcdbyfcveral Forts and Platforms of Guos 1 the Harbour is about ihinef leagues broad in moft Placet, and fo deep that a Ship ofjoo Tona Ifli loft R» Shi ill Britifi) American TJtandi. ^17 Ttms may Uy li«r Side 00 the Sliore, ind bad and onload at Pteafore ; ■or docs there want (ood Anchorage in any Part of it. The Point of Land on whkh the Town ftood, wat exceeding narrow* ud nodiing but a loofc Sand, that afforded neither Orafs, Stones, frefli Water, Trees, nor any Thing that could encourage the building a Town npon it, but die Goodiie& and Security of «M Harbour. . It contained above 1 500 Honfes, and was fi> populous, and k> much frequented by Merchaou and Planters, that the Houfies were as dear rented as in the well traded Streeuof LMtlw. It was on the 17th oijwt 1692, the Earthquake happened, which in two Minutes deftroyed moft of die Town » die EarUi opened and fwallowed up Abundance of Houfcs and People ; the Water gulhed out from the Openings of the Eardi, and tumbled die Peome on Heaps; but ibmeofthera had the good Fortune to catch mddof fieanu and Rafters of Houfes, and were afterwards favcd by Boata. Several Ships were caft away in the Harbour, and the Swmm Frigate, which Uy in the Dock to careen, was carried over the Tops oT the finking Honfes, and did not, however, overfet, but afforded a Re- treat to fome Hundreds of People, who faved their Lives up and bn a fudden overflowed a hute TraQ of Ijdid, outving •wayt with an incTtftable Fuiy, Men> Hoafe», Catite, and ettty l%ing dut ftood in its Way. The Morning in which the StOAa ha^pAted, thete was ft *t«at Fleet of Merchant-ihips riding in the Harbour, moft of which had ttkcn their full Freight, and were to have returned Home in a few Dvn % htR the Storm left only one Veflel vn the Harbourt befides fonr Sail tS Men of War, end thefe had all their Mafts and Rife^ing Mown tway ; bat the mofl (edible Proof of die irrefiftibfe f^rce of the Storm, was the vail Quantiries of Stones that were thi«Wn oivei: the Towft-Wali, of which fnch a prodigioos Niimber were ibrced •v«ri that an hundred Negroes were employed fix Weeks in throwing them back into the SM. Air."] The Air of this Country is radier too hot for Eurtfum Con* ftitotions, and generally unhealthful, efpedally near the Se»-Coaft. The Harbour of Ptrt-Rnal may well be looked unon as dK Grave of our Marine Officers ana Seaoien ; many thordwos have peri/bed dicre by the Unhealthfulnefs of the Place, or their own inreguur Wav of Life. But, accordinff to Sir Ham SJoatUt both the Water and Air we good at a I>iftance mm the Sea, and the inland Country of ^«- wuika is as healthful as any other. J*r«Jtice.] The principal Veeetablet and Produce of dd> Ifland are, Sugar-Cancs, Cacoa, of which Chocolate is aadet Otmgta, Lemons, Citrons, Palms, Coco-Trcei, Cotton, Indigo» Tobacco, the Prickle Pear, Wbr)ds for dying, Salt, Gingec, Cod-Pepper, or /*i>> MMi/o, Drugs, fuch as Guaiacum, CUmi Root, Saffaparilla, Ciiffia* Fiflula, i'amarinds, f'tnei/a'st Gums and Roots, ufed in Medicinea and Surgery. Here grows the Matiebiiittl Tree, which bears a beautifal, but poifouous Apple, and the Maitgnnj, the Timber and Planka of both which are now in great £fteem with us ; and they have the like Foreft-Trecs as are tbund in the Continent of AmruOf in the iiune Climate. jfirimah.] Thefa- Aminali alfo are the fame t» in the neighboDrmg Continent. Trtifici.] The Planteti and Merchants of Jamtdca ',*-'* wpre- Ibnted to the Court of Et^land^ that they lie under vti> cwat DiA eouragements in Point of Trade : And* 1. They conipHun of the Decreafe of their People, a. Thac ihev are of late Years deprived •f the moft bencHcial Branch of their Tnde, m. The cairymg of Negroes and dry Goods to the Sp^iiifi' Coaft. 3. A further Difoou- tagemrnt to their Trade is the Hoftilitiet committed by the Suadattit, who fi'ize every Ship they can overctnne. 4. That their cutting Log" fttod in the Bays ot Camfeacly and Uuubnas is likeuile ibterropted, Aeugli BritH!^ AmeriamJl/laiif^ €2$ STa Hm, jgh ytiaUIy Part of His Mnjeftjr's Territoria. 5. The low Value of their ftodace, which they afcrUw to the great ImproveDcnt tfa'e #Vv*ri auike ia dietr Snear CofoQies, who are enabled to onderfdl themlnr ^ Lowpe^i of thenr Duties. 6. The Trade carried 00 from htUmittxA the Northern Colonies, to the frtmch and Dutch Illanda and Colonies where they ray no Duties, and are fopplied with Goods at an eafier Race. The Northern Colonies, who import great Quan- tities of Provffions and Goods to Jamaita^ and the other Sugar Ifland$» infift npon being paid in Bullbn, which they carry to Uitfanitla^ and other ertnth Iflands, and there purchafe Sugar, Rum, and Tobacco, with the Treafisre they receive at ytrnticm, iSe. 7. They obfenre, that thi} Cacao, or Chocolate Nnt, which was heretofore one of the principai Commodities of that Jfland, is now loft by the heavy Duties that were li^d RPon it \ aud probably their Sogar, Rum, Ginger, t^t. nuft have the fame Fate, if not timely remedied. And as they had now b.eaan to plant Coffee, they hoped for a Bounty to encourage that Plantation, on their fending it to ^nglaadi at \tiSt that there night be no Duties laid upon it. Since which Reprefentation, there has been an A A ptfled for laying high Duties npon all Commodities carried from the Freiub and Duttb Settlements to the Northern Colonies ; but this has not been fbond iuffieient 10 prevent that PraAice, which has occafioned die Sugar Colonies to apply themlelves to the Parliament again for a Redrda of thjs Grievaace s but the Confidetatioa thereof was put oE fWJ The Meat of die hihabitants of Jdnuiea Is generally fuch as in BnglMidt namely. Beef, Pork, and Pifb, Flomr and Peafe, falted Fkfli and Fiih lent from the Britiflt Colooies 00 the Coadneat ; on which not oxAf the Matters feed, but, accordiaff to Sir Hohs Sta^mt^ iSUf ate obliged to fatnifh their Servants, both Whites and Blaelcs, with three Pounds of Salt Beef, Pork, or Fifh, every Week, befides Caffkvi BilBad, Yams, and Potatoes. , Thcve are in the Hm/aKaaJbt great Plenty of Cattle, but they cannot keep Beef many Days, tho* it be fidtcd, and frefli Beef is ready to cor> rapt in four or five Hoars. Butchers always kiU in the Mornin», therefcre, joft befiore Day, and by Seven o^Clock die ^Markets for fi-efh Meat are over. TuKle Ojr Tortoifes arc of ievcral Soru ; thqfe of the Set, called Greoo Turtle, from their Fat being of that Colour^ feed on Conches or Shell-fifli, and are very gpod ViAualsj tbcfe are eaten by Abun- dance of People, efpecially of the poorer Sort of the'lHaod. The Manate, or Sea-Cow, is taken in this IH^nd very often in calm Bays, by the fytKaa* ; k is reckoned extraor()iijafy goad Editing. fididet theie ordinary Provifions, theR.acotfA;'afmall Quadruped, is nt,i Ruta^peUfciewirefokl by the Doaca, mi4 whenihey iMve b|en amonsft die Sugar- Caacs, am tt\0Hghtt by>i«qie difcerning Pto- flf, y^ry jdickMM ViAMli. Saakes, arSerpenti, and Co£i, a Sort « Wfirw* M* ffMea by tbc Jit4imt and i^grM. •« Rr 3 Z/f««ri.J 630 Britifii Anuriam JJbmii, lipids.'] The moft comraon Drink is Waier* and. icdcmcd dw molt wholefiMBC by naojr, amoagft whom I am one, {hy% Sir Uiuu S/fwu^ ^nd he ioeUBt^to recommend the drinking « Drugki every Mominff. MmftiraWoK hath this particular Qnality difierent fit>m #V/Mifr Wines, and all others that are brought hither, that it keepa better in • hot Place, or cxpoled to the Sun, than in a £0ol Cellar s whereas other Wines muft be kept cool here, and if you do not, they cnrp four m a (hort Time. Cyder, fieer, and Ale. are alfo brought JiitlMr from the Northern Colonies, or from EH^laml, but do not keep well. Gfvtriimnt.'] This and all other Govemtneilts in .the Britijb JmerieaniA»xA% are Royal Governments. The King appoints ^e Governor and Coaadl, and the Reprefentatives are cWen by the Fttemen ( and thefe AfleimUies make Laws, but they muft be con« firmed by the Court of fff/Zaa/ F«rr«f .] Befides the Militia, Colonel Trdtmemft Re^ment is fhu tioned here 1 and they think themfelves capable of defending the Ifland againft a Defcent by th; Frtneh, or any other Enemy, in Cafe lof a War ; and they haye iifuajly ». ilrong Squadron of J9nV/>i& Men of Wjtr lUtione4 at Pert J^tyal in TInie of War. Rmnniut,.} The principal Part of the Revenne, teeming to the Crown of Gnat Britain from Jamaiea, is the Duty arifing from Sugar, Rum, and Molofles, imported from thence, which is very conitderable. Ptr/oHs 0Hti Hmiift.] The Inhabitants are either Siiili/i, or of Xnglijb ExtrafUon born in the Ifland ; hdiamt, NerrMt^'MtdatfU, or MfJiiKtt or the Delqtndaats of them. The£«f/A6, and thofeof MMgiiJb ExtraftioQ, may be ^0,000 ; the Imtiams are but few, moft of the Natives having been deftroycd by the SpaiiimrJi. The Negroes on the Ifland are about one hundred tbouiand. The Englijh here follow the Fafliions of their Mother-Country in their Habits, making no Allowance for their Difference of Climate, which Sir Haw Sieaiu reproves them for. As to their Slaves, they work naked, except a Piece of Linncn-Cloth about their Loins } bnt ihey have » little .Canvas jacket and Breephees given them by their Mailers annually at Cbriftmat, to wear on Holydays. Mfgim.'] The Religion of the Church of Englmiut is alfo d^e efla- bliftied Religion in all the BritiJkldzri'Aii but there areooBifhcps t the Bifliop of JLondtifi Cpmniiflary is the principal Ecd^a^ck in thefe Iflands. Revolutions and memorable Events, JAMAICA was difcovered by Ctbmhu for the SftmiarJt, in kla fiecend Voytg»«> Ammitmt A»»» 1493. fn the Year 1596, Sir jhthuif SbMty, with a iingle Man of War, pjide • Defjp^at on this |flaad| aa^ M^ their Capital Tow* 81. Jaft 4e V, Britijb Mirican JJIimds, ^t^ hit ■i»lm Vigtii (liow Spmtrijh Town) confifting of about zooo Hoofes, mi plundered it. It was taken and plundered again hy Colonel Jackftm^ who landed coo Men here about the Year i^iit und the SpmKimrdr were compelled to raife him a Very confideraUe Sum to ranfom it iiiom bunting. In the Year i6c6. Admiral Pmm and FtnattuwtK commanded bf CrtmweU to invade Hi/paiu^ } and, not fucceeding therei made a De* fcent on Jamakot and reduced the whole Ifland ; which Conqueft waf CMifirmed to Great-Britain bv a fubfequent Treaty : But many of the Sumijb Neeroes retirine to the Mountains, maintained their Ground there i and oeing joined by feveral other Fugitivet from the Englijb Plantations fince, became very formidable ; nor could they be fubdued# tho'fbme Veteran Troops were fent over to the Affiftance of the Plan> ters : But Governor TrtUmtnej entering into a Treaty with them, it was agreed they flrauld remain an independent State, and be governed by their own Magiftrates, on Condiuon they Ihotdd harbour no more Fugitives. They live now in a very friendly Manner witb the EnfUfb, ana, in Cafe of an Invafion, it is prefmned would contribute greauy to the Defence of the Ifland. It were to be wifhed alfo^ that the EtgUflf would forbear to treat their Negroes with that Cruelty they have formerly done, which, no Deiibt, occafioMd many of them to defeit i for tho* Torture be abo> lifhed in EnglanJt it was exerdfed upon the Negroes here with the greateft Barbarity : They were almoft whipped to Death, without any Tryal, by the arbitrary Commands of a; private Planter, for the fmalteft Offences; and for greater Crimes were faftened to the Ground, and burnt by Indies, till they expired, in Torments. Thtf Crime, perhaos, was no other than an Attemct to regiin that Free- dom diey had been injurbufly deprived of, wnich would be looked upon as an heroic Adion in a Cbnftian Slave, uken Captive by the NEWFOUNDLAND.'] NmofiunJlmndii fitnate in the jftfantic Ocean, between 47 and ;s Degrees of North Latitude, and between cj and 60 Degrees of Welt Longitude ; feparated from Ntnu Brit aim by the Straits mBtlliJUt and from Canada by the Bay of St. LawrtHce, being 350 Mile» lone, and 200 broad. It is a barren mountainous Country, covered with Snow great Part of the Year { but has feveral commodious Hsubours, and the greateft Cod>fi(hery in the World npon its Coaft. The chief Towns are, Pl^etHtimt Bomavifia, and ^veral hundred Ships are loadKl with Fiih npon thefe Banks- every Year, and carried to Europi. The whole Ifland was yielded to Britain by the Fnacb, at the Peace of Utrtch$, .1713. There do not above a thoufand Families remain here in Winter « the firft Setdemcna were made here by the £e^/^ Jlnnt 1610 ; but the Frintb were permitted to fettle here in the Rdgn of King CbtM^i II. The FrttKb were obliged to (joit the Ifland by the Peace ofUtrtcht, Jm$ 1713, only they were left at Liberty to dry their Nets on the Northern Shores of the Ifland. Rr4 BAR. ^I» Brl^ IftmiL % . 5 Om* WMpfgifefof Weft LongitiKle, vA ijDegrvesof N«tk tjMUH49i JWK: ^ «i9ft EaftcrJy of all Uie Caribht liUnd* ; 90 liUe* ^P^dh^ 9f Hmtimtf, aii4 70 Miles £1^ «f ^ f^^rfsr 1 sj Miles long, and 15 broad; genemly a level Conntiyi with kam (piaU miih iM- but |ittl« Wood, C^, or Grtfs. i k . Jt »o4iind ftbagtf were, in Reality, deemed Part of (he Terri^ tOnci Af Great-Bntiii befdi9 this Treaty, as appears b> « Com- miiuQa #14 Britijb Anerk'an IJUmds. % , « SMfipii j^VR by ihe Un King O^r^f to tlw Ute Duke of to jQuid ColoDiM to the Iflind of St. Zmcm in the Year %fzt. FAR BVDjf.l SarhuJa is fttaate in 1 8 Deg. North Lat. The In- katStnits apply memfelves chiefly to the Breeding of Cattle, and raillog ^royifions, with which they fupply the neighbouring Iflands. Thii SUnd is the Property of the CtMmgtott Family, who have a great Namber of Negroes here, and in the liund of Barbadtes. It was their Anceftor, C^XontlChriJl^biar CoJnmgttm, Governor and Captain^ General of t^rbsffots, who, o^ing ^*** > 7 > o» gave two Plantations in Bmriadoet, and^art of this luand otSarM^t valoed at 2000/. ptr Aimimt fo the Society for the Propagation of the Gofpel, for the In- ItroAion of the Negroes tnBarbtuhtSt and the reft of the Caribbtt Ifliinds, in the Chriman AeHgUm, and for erefting and endowing the College a^bove'iDentione^ in B^rbedoti, JNGUILLJkl A^guiiUt is fttuate in t8 Degraes odd Minutes North Latitade» 60 MilesT^oith- Weft of St. Cbriftvfbtr'i j being about 30 Miles long, and la bread. The Inhautants apply themfelves chiefly to Feeding of Cattle, Planting of huHan Corn, and other Parts of Hafl)andry. MOJtTSERRAT.} , Ment/irrgt is fttuate 30 Miles South- Weft r' >f«//jf«, and aifbrds its Proportion of Sugar. fO $ AGO.'] Tobago n fituate 1 1 Deg. odd Min. North Latitude. 1 20 Miles South of JSar^a^ffM ; a fruitful Soil, capable of producing wkaterer the Sugar Iflands produce. King Cbariet II. granted it to the Duke ofConrJamJ, by whofe Authoriqr n Colony of £»;/i/&, and another of Duteb, were fettled here ; but their Plantations were fo harafled and difturbed by the Caribbtes of the neighbouring Continent, that they left ^e Ifland, the Englijh ofBtrbadoes only viilung it fome- times to cut Wood here. It was efteemed, hou'ever, Part of the Territories of Great-Britain, till denominated a neutral Ifland by the Treaty of Aix/a-Cbafeile, Anno 1748. The French had no Colour to claim it. St. nNCENT.] St. Fincent is fituate 60 Miles and upwards,Weft of Bariadoet, and is 20 Miles long, and almoft as many broad. St. L UClA.l St. Lueia is near 80 Miles North- Weft of BarbaJees ; the Soil of theiaRk Ut. 1 ;. and is 200 Miles Eaft of the Continent of Fhridiu Nom of dM other Iflandt are inhabited, bat the Bi^mh have Plantatioitt oa IboN of them. BERMUDA, or the SUMMEfi. Iflands. THESE Iflanda were ib called from Sir Gmgt Sammr, who le^ his Ship on dieir Rocks. Aimo 1609 . They are fitvai^ In tht Jtlantit Octaxk, W. Lon. 65 Degrees, N. Lat. 32 Degrees 20 Ifi. nuies, 700 or 800 Miles Eaft of Cimrlei Ttvm in ^utb Cmr^tm i being a Clofter of fmail Iflands, in the Shape of a Shepherd's Qrook, coa* taiirfng zo,ooo Acres walled round H-ith Rocks. No Part of the World enjoys a purer Air, or more temperate CC- mate, or is more remarkable for Health, and Plenqr of Iqefli, FiOy Poultry, Fruits, Herbs, and Roots. The chief Town a St. Gmtji^ in the North- Weft Part of the Ifland, containing looo Hbofes. Here were £ne Groves of Cedar, with which they built thdr Hoaib« aadi their fwift>failing Skwps, which they fell to the Sugar Iflaads« as wcU as Provifions. There are three Clergymen in the Ifland, well provided fiMr with a handfome Revenue ; and Dr. Btrkky, late Bifliop of GAj/Mi was formerly about erefting a College here, for the Education of the Jmtrieam luiiaut ; but ue Defign mi^caffied. No Convids are fent tkidier. FRENCH AMERICA. C I . Canada in Part, or Ntwo Fraici. Tk:»;r.ii.. J *• FhriJm in Part, or hnafianth - Wvmon8.< J c»»», orEquinoaial/r«*fr, Part of Crr/«fc'«M: (, 4. The FrMCifr Iflands. FRENCH CANADA, or New France, ac- cording to the French Maps. Situation and Extent, ^'■'^ Between BetwecQ 1 800 Milei in Leh^di. 1 260 Miles m Breadth. Seumiaria.] T^OirNDED by Ntw Britain tnd Britifi CamaJa, Jj^ oa the North ; by ^rw Scrtland^ Npw Emgfam and Viw Ttrkt on the Eaft ; and by unknown Lands on the Weft. LOU IS I AN J, ^^ TREirCH AMERICA. %OUISJANA claimed by the French, i Part of Florida. Situation and Extent, I S \ Bctvraen \ and [^f•t<|t•| WXon. j I VBeiag. 400 Mile* in LtDgth. 900 Miles in Breadtk. BmrndttUi.} TJOUNDSD by the River and Ltke of lUtneh, X3 on tlic North ; by Ctroiina, on the Eaft ; by the GulpK t^Xfuieti 00 the South; and by Ntw Mexico^ on t^e .Weft. See FUridM, p. 555. C4EN, or E^INOCriAL FRANCE. Situation and Extent. Between letweeft J and (w.Lon. •■Being < {Equator } I and VN.Lat. f 300 Miles in Length. 240 Milet in Breadth. Bmaufttriti.} T> O U N D B D by Surinam^ on tlte North ; by N. La't. 5. the Attmmit Ocean, Eaft \ by AmmuM, South ; aAd. by Gw«m» Weft. The chief Town is Cam, W. Lon. 53. See Ttrra-firm»t n. ^ ^y, of which this was deemed a Part. The Produce and oibor Artlcla the fame. The FRENCH CARIBBEE ISLANDS. fmiit/m I and, 9. St. Cnin, I. St. MARTIlTi.'] St. Marti»\ an Mand of no sreat Goa- fcq a e nce belonging to tbe Fratb, fitoate a little to the Nordk.Weft •f St. BariifUmtw't. a. St. MJM raOLOME ITs.] St. MariUmmtU it a fnall IflvA about ICB Uagii^ North of St. Orijhfkr^i, Ukm bar ibo FRSNCH AMERtCM. ij> Bt^HJb under tke CoDitaand of Sir Timttfy TkofiMi, ife t^ Y«tt itfta 3. DESEJDJ.] JH/trnda, or i)«fl&r>Jk. the iM^dk ttmid, (b called by Columlm, b^caufe it wm the firft Lftnd he diicovvre^ln hit Second Voyage to Jmrits, Mm 1493 » it is iituate about ten LeuoM North-Eaftb? (rKA^la/i^. 4. GUADJLUP£.) QumUJiM, lb adled b^ k..Nip,.iir, p^um its Inils reftmbling thote of that Matne in &«/«, it fitiufe in 16 !>•• grees North Latitude, and 61 Dezrees Weftern Longitude, about |o Leagues hkvth of MmttMnt and dinoft as much Sootfi «f Jb- «^{ it is Aid to be dw higeft of aU tiw CiLiiiit WMii, htbtf M Leagues in Length, and hdf as much in Breadth at eadk Bn4; but ^oft cut in two by a deep Gulph, or Bay, on each Kde, fk tlutt dM Ends are joined together by a very nanow XRhmut. . This, ViuHU^^ tinictt aliounds in SuMr, Cotton, Indigo, Ginger, lie. and is in a very flouriihing ConiStion ; and. agre«drfe to the CoBAouaaco k is of to the Frencht they have taken Care to foru'fy it with ieveial reeular Forts and Redoubts, which were in fo |ood a CondhioB when the Eiu^ Achnirul Bmhwo uiade a tbfoent neiu with a con« fiderable Body of Land Forces, Anno 170a, that he did not think fit to atuck them, tho' he deftroyed a great many of their Phintatiom and open Villaees. The French began to fend Colonies to this Ifland about the Year 163 a. $. MARIGALANTE.] Mnrigtdnti is iituate in 16 Degreea North Latitude, a little to the Sonth-Eaft of GtuuUdmpt^ wsA is aoout five Leagues in Length, and four in Breadth; ft wai dMovered bjr ColunAm ib his ftcond VovaM to iAw^iM, Am* 1403, aa4 aiHRd bf him MarigaUuitit or the CniLnt Man, after the Name of his Ship. The Fnneh bepM to fend Coleoics thither about thft Year 1647, and having expelled the Natites after ihreral Years Wan, thO Fmet re- mained in a peaceable Poleffion of the Iflaad, the Ptuiluca whONOf • ia the iiuae with the reft of the CmriUus. 6. MARTiNICO.] UMinin is fiiualo bewcea 14 ami l( Begfues of North Ladtiide, and 61 Dmees of Wciern Longitude^ lying about 40 Leagoas Nbrtl». Well t/T B tifUth n ; it is 10 Lci^|u«e in Length, but of an unequal Breadth. The inland Pirt oTit is hilly» nd at a DiUaace aMeun like fhfco diftioA MoontaiBi, betna tiKed- ingly well watered by numerous Rivulets which MI floA mr Hills { and there are feveral commodious Bays and Harbours on the Coaft, fome of them fo well fortified, thai they bid Oefiaace lo,t|e Engliflt, when they made a Dcfcent here with teveral thouland Men«, ia tho Reign of Queen Anm. 7. GRANADA.] GrnnaJa is fituate in 12 Degreea North La. tftade, about 30 Leagues South- Wett of Smrh^tti, and J^t tho MOM ^ DUTCH AMERICA, fuiw DiftttCS North of CariUianm, or Nfm Ani^tifitt. This Itfaftil » tc ImpM in CuenaMfcnce, aad luu icv«*l good Bays and Har- bom, foairof which aie fortified. It ii cfteemed a frui^ SoO. and wdLwatcted, pcodndag Sugar, and fach other Phints as are foond in dM left of titt CariUte Iflandt. There are Abundance of verr fawll fflailM that lie ai the Nordi End of GrMtadOt which are called the CfMrnMUt. S. BfSPJNlOLA.] Hi/jumitlM has been already ddcribed aaMdgft the Sftun/b Iflands. o. St. C * O / Jf.] St. Cmx, or SanBa Cmz, another iinall Ifland ittuKein 17 Degrees 30 Minutes Nordi Latitude, about so Leagues Weft of St.CifiJhfher't, and has been contended for by the Eiigfi/Sb, Patek, SftmitrJk, and Frtntit but is now in the peaceable PoflSBioa of the frmkWefi'lMdim Company. ••••4|»**«««**4M»4H|i#4H|()i4HMH|H»«««««« «««••«•« BUTCH AMERICA. ^ - 1. Surinam m* tbi Ctntinnt. 2. 7ln Dutch Iflandt, Between Between 1 { Surinam^ Part of CaribbiatiA, SitHathn and Extent, r 60 and Loa. ..Being * 300 Miles !tt Length. too Miles in Breadth. BMmdaritt.l Tl O U N D B D by the AtUmtU Ocean, on the North , J3 *n deavours to prevent it. t, 3. The Dutch Iflands of Bouaire and Aruha are confiderable chiefly for their Situation near the Coaft of Ttrra Jlmia, which gives the ib- habitants an Opportimity of carrying on a dandeftine Trade wMi the Spaai/b Settlements in Ttrra/rma. 4, ;. The Dutch Iflands of SaBa and Eujlatia produce Sugar, (fTr. as the reft of the CariUtt Iflands do. DANISH A ME R IC A CONSISTS only of the Ifland of ^t.Thtmas, one of the C«- ribhtist producing Sugar, ^c. Parts of Pimtnciijiitt pojfejfed By the Indians. t . ''T^ H E Countries North Weft of Mtxif. a. The Country of X the Amaxout, and the greateft Part of Carihhiama or Gaiama i and, laftly, the South Part of Stuth Amirica, viz. Patagma and firrm d*l Fuegt. Thefe are generally barren defert Countries, which M Emroptani have thought it worth (heir while to plant. Amaxouia extends from Peru to Brmail^ lying ojpon or near the Equator, having Tirra-Jirma on the North, and La PUtm oa tha South. Cartbbiana Limitt.'] Cuiaua or Carihhiana is bounded by the tioithcra or Jiiaatit Ocean, on the North and £aft ; by Uie Counuy 440 PaftsrfAmirksJfiffpeg^fyiBiltidhns. mtmni OB tht SkMth; «ad by^ tk»ProniKt»of QrwuMbtJMlA A>dMa,KMtk»yfdt Itextm(^4ra0ithefiaa«t«t.Mitli«8th «« o^ NqrtK Ladtadc, and lie< b c tw g r a $0 and 6}- Dttitots of MB, t^MgitttdCt extending 1300 i|Hc» aiii upmmis itaUg'tlie j^taKticJObuatt vtK. from the Moutb of the River O r t mfn * tD< d» ttpl^k of tiw RiveiT Jmtuun ; fonie divide it iiit« two PaHi» IPW OR (be iiearCoafi CaribhUuia, and the iUand Conntry < 'ttm^eMl Cclinlii there. ] Several Eureptan Powert, as has Wen ol^- fttvedr Atve 8etdeinent»on or netfr the Sea Coa(!s of this Country* Mltdctttatf|r the SpaMardu the /r/«r^, and /7itfri&: hot the Natives are jet polfi^ of' mdeh die ^retfteft Part 0^ (^ Inland CooBtiy. Ainrf.) Hura are Abaadanee of eau^derable Rivera fllefidb ifcafe ef Qi saayav and thg Rivnr Ammm) anrf diefe having thrtr gources il tfe Mbomaiwy on the South- Welt, genendty nitt tdwifds dit MisU»^Ei0, aaifidls into die^^/iW(V Oeduil 4[ptmifaet9f the Ceuutiy.1 The Sea^-Coad of dp'S' donmrjr is IM^, iuid Tubfea to Inundations in the rainy Sfaibn : th* Ais is eoi' p/lbt€: hot and nnbcalthfiil/ eipeciaUy i»fiich- Parts of the Cpuotry as i^ not dfired of the Woods. ; lie ft^H^ had formerly fevvral Settlements oa the Coeft of &m^ 'iMit, ^hicii were yielded to the Butch by the Treaty of .AffWfik ift the Year ift^i uxtA tUttf pukk and Frettcb have ftitt a gccafripany^ F^ru taA Si^Mements he^. Ptrnthte.'] There is a good Extent of Country nrar the Months of tW;|ti» .": 3;:i "io ■Jo Vli-- .J J • i' ■'.■•■ nr .V. THE uf 1. IIBSMnilHSlMS^SSII THE I N £) E jiip Towns. Prorincei. Coontnes. Qjjar- tcn. todtt. y:;H Jf ^|4f, ABerdeen, Marr, AbbevillePicard/, Abo, AchiOt Adnanopl^, Agincourty' A^«, AuuUpCha- peUe. Aix, Albany, Alojbrs,. Alnunza, Alcena, Finland, Sui|Batra, Romania, Artob» Jiuien, 1|M. D.M. Scodand, Eoiope l*4sW. 7S-i#ll. France, Europe a-oo E. cp^lf • Sweden* £arop« 41*30 E. o<>^5oK. Ifland» Afin 91-30 E. 5*39 N. Turkey, Europe JO-30 E. 42-ooif« Netheriandi, Europe S'Oo S« 30-35 N. Eaft-India, Afia 79^)0 E. a6-soN* Europe 5*50 E. 50>4|N« Germany, Europe 5-S5 E^.4S*|o1^* Arner* Afin 37^40 E, 3S-3pK* Africa 31*15 E.jp^K. Africa 3-aoE. 36*40 K* Europe l-isW. |^«oN. Europe ae-oo E. 53-51 N. Provence Frano^ New Yorki North Syria, Turkey Lower Egypt, Turkey, Algieu, Barbary* Caftilt, Spain, Holftein, Gertnan^, Amboyna, AmboynaJfle,Eaft-Indiat A^e' 116^09 E* '3-40 8* Amieni, Picar dy, ^, Fr ance, Europe a-30 E. 49-50 N. AMITERDAM,HolIlmllfS9'''**^ ' Ancona, Anconit "^^Italy, Andrews, St. Fife, ^ Scodand* Angiers, Anjoo» ' France, Annapolis, NovaScoda, Nordi Franconia, Brabant, Anfisach, Antwerp, Andbes, Antioch, Archangel, Arica, Provence, Svria, Dwina* Peru, Provence Europe 4-30 E. 5a-aoN. , iteopi* 15-00 E. 4i*>oN. Europe t-S5W. 5j> Europe 0-30W. |~ j^Ftriiii" Amer. 64-ooW. 45-po)f. Germany, Europe lo-jiS E. 49-aaN. Netherlands, Europe 4-15 E. 5 1-15 N. France, Europe 7-00 fi. 43-40 N. Turkey, Afia . 37-00 E. to-ooN. Ruffia, ' Europe 40-ia E, 64-3^1. ^ South Amer. yo-aciW. iS.ao 8. France,. Eyrope 4>4s E. 43-49 N. M TdlTM, X. AMVatuAt ~ AlduuSbi-^ AAngtn,. AthcDf, ^ Aliilaar> '. Ant J tviffion, Aupbwgt Axlm,.- ^^ ■ ■'■'' rrCrnHMV* ddHHaad, Artbif, ■?/-i X": Afthu:an» Achaik* Meath, : Ava, hi^"' Florid^ ^ ProvetiCitt* Swabili* OoIdCoaft; Tartaiy/i-' Qaar- Loagi. LaUtude. ' ^esanowt. tef«. tiule. , D.M.: D-M. Netherlands, Europe 5-50 E. 5^2-00 NT. Nedieriandt, Europe 2-05 E. 50-20 N. r2*MiM«» Europe 9-00 E. 50-K5N. Nemeriand Gcnnany, Rnflia, Turkey) Ireland, rA-bdia, Notth France, Germany, Guinea, Ruina, Afia Europe Europe Afia Amer. Europe Europe Africa Europe 52300 E. 24-15 E. 8-05W. 95-00 E. 81-00W. 4-40 E. 1 1 -00 E. 4.00W. 44-00 E. A^^i^rCrim, Tartary, Badaj6ic^Eilrenfilitt»> Spain, fladen;i '■- Switzerland, SWMm'^ Germany, EyracilAMl»ic Turkey, 3ainberf(, Banelbna, Barlcduc, tAU BatATIa, Bayomie, Belfaft, Belgrade, BeIvJ4ere» ■BeiKOOlen, ]^ciider» Bcnevcnto^ Bcflili,' Bergen, BbkliU, . Bern, jwrwicK, Bethlehenii Bilboa, Bitonto, Blenhcun, Boilledac, CinU, '^ J BetngaH" FraAconia, Catalonia; Lorrain, tttfH, <^»rfica, Java Ifle, Gafcony, Antrim, Servia, Morea, Somatra, BeflaAbIa, Napici, Behin, Bergen South £ail- India, Germany, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Ifland, £ali-India, France, Ireland, Turkey, Turkey, Ifland, Tarury, Itoljr, Guinea, h!o>way, 'BMndenburg, Germany Btra, Berwick, Paleltine, Bifcay, Naples, Swabia, Bni}ant, Rgmaiiiav Switzerland, £ng. Borders, Turkey, Spain, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, M Europe 35-co E. Europe 7-20W. Europe 8-15 E. Europe ^-30 E. Afla 43-00 E. Amel". 80-ooW. Afia ' 85-15 E. Europe 10-50 E. Europe' 2-00 E. Europe 5.15 E. Europe y.40 E. Europe 9-40 E. Afia 106-00 E. Europe i-aoW. Europe 6-15W. Europe 21-20 E- Europe 22-00 E< Afia loi-oo E> Europe 29»oo E* Europe 15-30 E. Africa 5-00 E. Europe 6-00 E> Europe 14-50 E> Europe 7-20 E. Europe 1-40W. Afui 36-00 E. Europe 3-00W. Europe 17-40 E. Europe 10-25 £. Europe 5-20 E. Europe 1 1-40 E. * ■ 47-00 N. 38-00 N. 53-20N. 20-ooN. 30-oaN. 4|-S°N. 48-20 N. 5-00 N. 47-15 N. '• i 38-45 N. 47-35 N. 47.40 N. 33-20 N. 40-00 S. 21-30N. 50-15 N. 41-20 N. 48-40 N. 47-40 N. 42-20 N. 6-00 S. 43-3aN. 54-3«N. 45-ooN. 37-00 N. 4-00 S. 46-40 N. 41-15 N. 7.30 N. 6000 N. 52.39 N. 47-00 N. 55-40 N. 31.30N. 33-30N. 41-20N. 48-40N. 5«-452- 44!.ojN. Towns. ::WP'' 1 no li| » fowns. Provinces. Coontiki. Fnuce, Eaft-India* Germany, Eaft-India, N. England^ France, France^ Germany^ Netherlands^ Germany* Boheniiai France, Spain, North HoUand. Germany, England ■ologne, Bombay, Picardy, Bombay Ifle, Bonn, Cologn, Borneo, Borneo Ifle, BosTONi Adaukchufets, Bourdeaux, Guienne, Bourbon, Lyonois, Brandenburg) Brandenburg, Breda, Brabant, Bremen, Low. S&rony, Breflaw, SUefia, Breft, Bretany, New CafUle, firihuega. Bridgtown, Barbadoeslfle Brill, Voomlfle, Briiac, Swabia, Briftol, $omerlet, Bruges, Flanders, Brunfwic, Saxony, . Brussels, Brabant, Buda, uiC- Buenos A Y R E s. Burfa, c Bithynia, /^Achao, V> Cadiz, Tonquin, Anduufia, Cagliari, Sardinia, Cairo Lower Grand 1 Calais, Picardy, Calecut, Malabar, Cambodia, Siam, Cambrav, Cambray, Cambrjdgefli. Cambridge, Cambridge Maflachiuets, New, Candia, Candia, Candy, Ceylone, Canfo, Nova Scotia, Canterbury, Kent, Canton, Canton, Cape of Good Caifiana, Hope, Cape Coaft Cattle, Guinea, Cape Horn, Delfuegolile, i^- Loari- Ittitaje* ien« tone* D.M. D.M, Europt 1-30 £. 50>46|K Afia 7t-ooE. i8>3oM. Europe 7-5° S* $o-35 {{• Afia 1 1 1-30 E. 4>3oN. 4mer. 7 i-ooW. 41-14 N. Euro|e C40W. 44.50 N« Europe 3.46 L. 46-33 N. Europe i3«oo£. si-XjN. Europe 4.40 E. 5 1-40 N. Europe 8<2o S. $ 3*25 N* Europe 17-00 E. 51.15 N. Europe 4-30W. 48-15 N. Europe 3.30W. 41-00 N. Amer. 59-00 W. 13-00 N. Europe 4-^)0 E. 5 1.50 N. Europe j-i^E.^^iolf, „ Europe i>4oW.5i-3oN. Netherlands, Europe 3-05 E. 51-16 N. Germany, Europe 10^30 E. 5243c N« Netherlands, Europe 4-06B. 51-ooN. Lower Europe 19-20 E. 47.40 N. South Amer. 6o>eoW. 36-00 S. Turkey, Afia 19-00 E. 40-30 N. Eaft-India, Spain, inand, Egypt, France, Eaft-India, Eaft-India, Netherlands, England, N.Englaad, Afia io|-oo E. 2 1 .30 N. Europe o^4oW. 36-30 N. Europe 9.1 2 E. 39-00 N. A&ica 33K)o E. 30.00 N. Europe i-oo E. .5 ik)0 N. Afia 75-00 E. 1 1-20 N. Afia 104.00 £. 1 1.30 N. Europe 3-15 £.50-15 N. Europe o- 5 E. 51-15 N. Amer. 70- 4W. 42-00 N. 25-00 E. ^ 3i-3oN. 79-00 E. 8-00 N. Ifland, Afia Ifland, Afia North Amer. 02-'OoW.46i«oN. England, Enrppe i-i 5 E. 5 |.i6 N. Chma, Afia 1 12-30 E. 23.25 N. Hottentou, Africa 16-20 E. 34-30 S. Gold Coaft, Africa 00-00 5-00 N. Patagonia, S.Am. 8o<«oW. 57-30 S. S f 2 Towna. r K' / / * Towns. ^^va . Carleicroon» CvlHle, Carthagena, Carth A- • CENA, Carthage, Calal, Caftiglione; Cayenoe, €eiite, ^CSiagre, Chamberiy, •Charlis Town, ■ Civita Vedi. •Cleeve» Cochin, Cologn, Columbo* ■Compoftella, Coni, Conftaiice, COKSTANTI- DOpLM, •Co » B N H A- OB N, Corinth, Cork, Corunna, Coiutray, Cratow, Cremona* Cftfly, Cufco, . D i^Acca, Damafcus Dantxick, •Belfti' •D B L t Y, Dslos, Delphos, •Dewtponts, Derbent, l)etliiigea> r Quar- Proviacei. Countries, ters. Kaplef, BleVing, Camberland, Murcia, Carthagena, Tunis, Montl'errat, HeiFc-ca/rel, Mantua, Carribbiana, Fez, Darien, Savoy, • Garoi^, Pope's Territ. Wellphalia, Malabar, Cologn, Ceylone, Galicia, Piedmont, S^ftbia, < Romania, Italy, Sweden, England, Spain, I'erra-firma, Barbary, Italy, Germany, Italy, South Morocco South Italy. North Italy, Germany, Eaft-India, Germany, Ealt-India, Spain, Italy, Germany, Turkey, Europe Europe Europe Europe S. Am. Africa Europe Europe Europe Amer. Africa Amer. Europe Amer. Europe Europe Afia Europe Afia Europe Europe Europe Europe Long!- Latitode. tude. D.M. D.M. 15-00 E. 41-20 N. 15-00 E. 56-20 N. 2-30W. 54-45 N. 1-05 W. 37-40 N. 77-ooW. ii-ooN'. 9-00 E. 8-35 E. 9-20 E. ii-ooE. 53-ooW. 6-30W. 82.00W. 5-45 E. 79-coW. 12-30 E. 5-36 E. 75-00 E. 6-40 E. 78-00 E. 9-15W. 7-30 E. 9-12 E. 29-15 E. 36-30 N. 45-00 N. 5 1-20 N. 45-15 N. 5-00 N. 35-50 N. 9-50 N. 45-40 N. 32-30 N. 42-ooN. 5 1-40 N. 9-30 N. 50-50 N. 7-00 N. 43-00 N. 44-25 N. 47-37 N. 41-30 N. Zeland» Denmark, Europe 13-00 E. 55-40 K. Mpyea* Muniter, Gftlick, Flanders,; Uttit Poland, dremonele, Picardy, Peru, Bengal, , Syria, Pruflia, Holland, Delly, Cyclades, Achaia, Palatinate, Dagiftan, Wetteravia» Turkey, Ireland, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Milan, France, SoKth Eaft-India, Turkey, Poland, Netherlands, Eall-lndia, Turkey, Turkey, Germany, Perfia, Germany, Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Amer. Afia Afia Europe Europe Afia Europe Europe Europe Afia Europe 23-00 E. 8-25W. 9-ocW. 3-10 E. 19.30 E. 10-30 E. 2-00 E. 70-ooW. 89-00 E. 37-20 E. 19-00 E. 4. 5E. 79-00 E. 25-50 E. 22-15 £. 7-15 E. ci-ooE. 8-45 E. 37-30 N. 5 1-40 N. 43-10 N. 50-48 N. 5 0-00 N. 45-00 N. 50-20 N. 13-00 S. 23-30 N. 33-»5N- 54-00 N. 52- 6N. 28-ooN, 37-26 N. 38-30 N. 49-25 N. 41-15 N. 50- 8N. Towns. Towns. Domingo, St. Dort, Dover, Doway, Dresden, Drogheda, Drmitheun, Dublin, Dunkirk, Durazzo, Dufleldorp, E ECkeren, EdghiU, Edinburgh, Ewa, Slbing', SmbcMn, Ephefus, Erzerum, EHnit, EfTeck, Efearial, Exeter, N- D Provinces. Coantries. Normandy, Hifpaniola, Holland, Kent, Flanders, Sakony, I^inlter, Drontheim, Leinfter, Flanders, Albania, Berg. France, Ifland, Netherlands, England, Netherlands; Germany, Ireland, Norway, Ireland, Netherlands, Turkey, Germany, Brabant, Warwickflure Lothian, Bohemia Pro. Pruffia; Embden, Ionia, Turkomania, Saxony, Lower New Caitile,. Devonfhire, Netherlands, England, Scotland, Bohemia, Poland, Germany, . Natolia, Turkey, Germany, Hungary, Spain, England, Quar- ters. Europe Amer. Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe X. Lonei- tuoe. D.M. 1-15 E. 70-ooW. 4-40 E. 1.25 E. 3-K)o£. 13-36 E. 6-30W. 10-30 E. 6-25W. a-20 E. 20-jo E. 6-20 E. Ladtncle. D.M. 49-$$ K. 18-aoN; 51-47 X- 5.H0N. 50-25 N. 51-00 1»jL |3-4SN. •64-00 N. ^3ti6N. .5i-ooN. 41-37 N. 51-15 N. Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Afia Afia Europe Europe Europe Europe 4.IA E. 1-26 E. 3-ooW. 12-22 E. 20-00 E. 6-45 E. 27-40 £. 41-00 E. 11-06 E. 20-08 E. 4-05 W. ^-40 vy. 51-23 N. 52- 9 N. 56-00 N. 50-10 N. 53i-4oN. 37- 9 N. /^o-ooN. 5 i-oo N. 46-00 N. 40-40 N. 50-44 N. *'^i FAlkirk, Fi, St. Ferrara, Ferrol, Fax, Final, Flerus, Florence, Fluihing, Fomenoy, Fontarabia, Frankibrt, J^rankfitft, Prankendal, PiredimGa, FHbnrg, JRH^nrg, FroBtiuac* Sterling, New Romania, Gailicia, Fez, Genoa, Namur, Tufcany, Zealand, Hainault, Bifcay, Weteravia, Brandenburg, Palatinate, Georgia, Friburg, Swabia, Canada, Scotland, Mexico, Italy, Spair, Morocco, Italy, Neuierlands, Italy, Netherlands, Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Germany, Germany, Carolina, Switzerland, Germany, North 8f3 Europe Amer. Europe Europe Africa Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Amer. Europe Europe Affltr. 3.4gW. 1 09-00 W. 12-05 ^' 8-40W. 6-ooW. 9-00 E. 4-30 E. 12-15 ^* 3-25 E. 3-20 E. 1-35W. 7-30 E. 15-00 E'. 8-15 E. 81.30W. 6-55 E, 7«4o E. 77-ooW. 56-00 N. 36-00 N. 44-50 N. 43-30 N. 33-30 N- 44-30 N. 50-33 N. 43-30 N. 5 1-30 N. 50.39 N. 43-20 N. 50-10 N. 52-aa N. 49-30 N. 3 1-00 N. 46-5PN. 48-12 N. 43-aoN. Towni. I N D X. Towns. ftwwees. Countries. Qoar- Lonei. Ladtuds, ten. tu(te. D. M. JPM. fanes, Flanders, Netherlands, Europe z-25 E. 51-10 N, Farflenburg, Swabia, Germany, Europe 8-30 E. 47-50 N, G Gbni ^poli, Romania, Qelders, GeUerland, rtNBVA, Gbmoa» Ghen^ Gibraltar, Girone, Glaigow, Gnetoa» Goa, Gambron, Gottenburg, Granada, Crrenoble, Grodno, Savoy, Genoa» Flandeni, Andalufia, Catalonia* Clydfaale. Great Poland, Malabar, Farftftan, Gothland, Granada, Dauphine, Lithuania, Groniageui Groningen, Turkey, Netherlands, Italy, Italy. Netherlands, Spain, Spain, Scotland, Poland, Eaft-India, Perfia, Sweden, Spain, France, Poland, Netherlands^ Europe Europe Europe Eiuope Europe Europe Europe Europe ■ Europe Afia Afla Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe H H AcuB, Holland, Haerlem Holland* Halifax^ Hamburgh, Hanovbr» Hanau, Hsivanna, Heidelburg, Helena, St. Hermanftadt, Hildeflieim, Hoenzolern, Nova Scotia. Hblfteiii, Saxony, WeteraVia, Cuba, Palatinate, Helens, Hildeflieim, Swabia, Netherlands, Europe Nedierlands, Europe North Amer. Germany, Ejuope Germany, Europe Germany, Europe Ifland, Amer, Germany, Europe Ifland, Africa Tranfylvania, Europe Germany, Europe Germany, Europe I [Ago, St. Jamaica, Ifland, Amcr. Jago, St. Cuba, Ifland, Amer. [ago, St. Chili, South Amer. I AW E s TowK, James County Virginia, Amer. Jerusalem, Paleftine* Turkey, Afia ingolftadt, Bavaria, Germany, Europe Infprac, Auftria, Germany, Europe IfPAHAK, Iracajem, Perfia, Afia Julicrs, Wcftphalla, Germany, Europe 28-00 E. 6-00 E. 6-00 E. 9-30 E. 3.36 E. 6-ooW. 2-35 E- 4-08W, 18-00 E. 73.20 E. 55-30 E. 11-30 E. 3-40W. 5-28 E. 24-00 £. 6-^0 E. 4-00 E. 4-10 E. 64-ooW. 9-40 E. 9-35 E. 8-A5 E. 84.6CW. 8-40 E. 6.30W. 2400 E. 10-00 E. 8-50 E. 76-30W. 76-30W. 77-boW. 76-ooW. 36*00 E. 1 1-30 £. 11-26 E. 50-00 E. 6-00 £. 40-45 K 5'-35N. 46-20 N, 44-30 N» 51-00 N. 36,60 N. 42-00 N. $5-50 N. 53-00 N. 15^20 N, 27-30 N. 58-roN. 37-»5N» 45- »N. 53*40 N. 53-20 N, 52-10 N, 5 2-20 N. 45-00 N. 54too Nw 52-32 N. 50-12 N, 23-00 N. 49-20 N. 16-00 S. 46-32 N, 52-17 N. 48^20 N. i8-2oN. 20-00 N, 34-00 8. 27-30 N. 32-00 N. 48-45 N. 47^1 a N. 32^30 N. 50.55 K. Townsy wpVIPP Towns. Proviocei. D Coiwuks. E-> Xgf Qoar- ten.. Longi* |ude. Ladtod*. KAminiec, Podolia,' Kaffa, Crim Kexholm» Kexhodm, Kangfton, JaHUiica, Kio^ Ukrain, Kin^ale, Munller^ Koiungiburgy Pruffia, Koningieck, Swabi%^^. T Andao, Aliaoe,_,^j,„^i I J Leghom. Tafcany. Leipiicy Saxony, I^mbuig, Red Ruflia, Leopoldttadt, Upper Acnaia Poland,' Tartary, Ruffia, Ameriqmllle, R«flia, Ireland, Poland, ) :| Gejrinany, .'■-.ft Lepanto, Lewarden, I yden, Li£GE, Lima, Limburg, limeric, LintZf Lifle, . LisBon, London, Fneflaod, HpUaAd, tiege, Lima, Limburg, Muniler, Auftria, Flanders. Germafiy, , Italy, Germany,. Poland, Hungary, Turkey, Netherlai]ids» Netherlands^ Peru,*^^^ . Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, Elbvmadura, Portugal, Middle&x, £nffland, Londonderry, U^ler, Ireland, Loreito, Pope's Territ. Italy, LouMBouRC, Cape Breton Ifland, . ^ublin, little if oland, Poland, Lubeck, Holltein, Germany, Lucem, Lucern, Switzerland, Luxemburg, Luxemburg* Netherlands, Lyons, Lyonois, France, Europe 26-30 E. Europe 37-00 E. Europe 30-00 E. 77-poW. Europe 3e 24-00 £. Europe 18-06 E. Europe 2j[-poE. E»»«>pe S-35 E. Europe ' , i-po E. Europe c-j6 E. s. A&l'-'jifcoyr. Europe 6-05 £. Europe S-30W. Europe' i 4-00 E. Europe i-oo E. Euroiie 9-25 vy. Europe bo-bo Europe 7-40 W. Europe 15-00 E. Amer. 61-30W. 22-15 E. 8-12 E. 6-08 E. 4-45 E. M MADRID, Mae- ftricht, Maederargh, Mahon'Port, Mdorca, X!ado,.St. ^Malacca, Malu, New Cattile, Brabant, Saxony, Minorca, Majorca Ifle, Bretany, Malacca, Granada, Malta lile, Spain^ Netherlands, Germany, liland, Spain, France, Eaft-India, Spain^ Mediterra- ranean, Sf 4 Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe 4.15W. 5-4Q E. Europe 1 2-^)0 E. Europe 4-06 £. Europe 2-50 E. Europe 2-ooW. ATia 1 00*00 E. Europe 4-45 W. Europe 1 5-00 £. D.M^, 48-jc6N. 01-30N. *7-3oN. 51-poJI. 5»-3aN. 54-40 N. 47-50 N. 49-12N. 43-39g' 5»-2oN. 49-00 N. 38-ooN. 53-20N. 52-12 N. 5?r49S- 12-30 S. 50-37 N. 52-3$ N. 4^-18 N. m. 5'-30N. 43-15 N. 4,5-5og. 51-30N. 54-20 N. 47-00 N. 49-45 N. 45-50N. 40-30 N, 50-55 N. 52-15N. 39-50 N. 39-30 N. 48-40 N. 02-30 N. 36-40 N. 3S-'5N. Town* Tcwm. liAJia'cf or Mechlin, Mantoa» •M«rpui^, Maiieilies, Martimco, Mafia, MiecA, 'MSKTZ» Meffina, Metz, l4|Xico, 'Milan, Mittau, Mocho, Mod SNA, Mons, Montpelier, 'Moscow, Moufal^ Munftei*, MVNICH;* Qaar- Long!- Ladtade« Pronaees. Countriei. ten. tarn. D. M. D. M. Brabant Netherlands* Eufbpe 4^12 E. 51-10 N» Mantoe, Italy; HeAe, Germany, Provence, France, Martinlcolfle, Weft-Indie^, Mafia Carara, Italy, Mecca, Mentz, Sicily, Lorrain^ Mexico, Milanefe, Courland, Mochb, Modena, Hainault, Laneuedoc, Molcofw, Arabia, Germany, Ifland, Germany, North Italy, Poland, Arabia Felix, Italy, Netherlandr, France, Ruffia, 11-15 E. 8-40 E. 5-20 £. 6|-ocW. 10-40 E. 43-30 E* 8-00 E. 15-40 £. Mfpfopotamia, Turkey, Weftplialia, Germany, Bavaria, Germany, Earope Europe Europe Amer. Europe Afia Europe Europe Europe 6-60 £ Amer. iojtOoW. Europe 9-30 E. Europe 24-00 £. Afia 45-00 £. Europe 11-20E. Europe 3-33 E. Europe 3-50 £. Europe 38-00 E. Afia 43-00 £. Europe 7-10 E. Europe 11-32 £. 45-zoN. 50-40 N, 43-«5 N, 14-30 N. 43-55 N, 21-20 N, 50-00 N. 38-30 N, 49-16 N, 20-00 N. 45-»5 N. 56-40 N, 1 5-00 N. 44-45 N. 50-34 N. 43-37 N' 55-45 N. 36-00 N- 52-00 N. 48-05 N, N Amur, Namur, Nancy, Lorrain, jants, Nanking, Naples, NarvA, Narbonne, Naflau, Nifmes, Norwich, Bretany, Nanking, Lavoro, Livonia, Languedoc, Upper Rhine, Languedoc, Norfolk, Norkopping, Gothland, Nuremburg, Franconia, Netherlands, Germany, France, China, Italy, Ruflia, France, Germany, France, England, Sweden, Germany, Europe 4 Europe Europe i Afia 118 Europe 15 Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe 27 2' 7 4 I- 15 II 50 E. ■00 E. 30W. .30 E- 00 E. 35 E. 40 £. 25 £. 26 £. 26 E. 30 E. 00 E. 50-30 N, 4«-44N, 47->sN. 32-00 N. 41-00N. 59-00 N. 43-18 N. 50-21 N. 43-40 N, 52-40 N. 58W20N. 4^r30 N. Q Czacow, Tartary, Olmutz, Moravia, Ohva, Onfpach, Orange, Oran, Orbitello, Ormu$, Pruifia, See Anfpach. Provence, Algiers, Del Prefidii, Ormus Ifle, Turkey, Europe 35^00 E. 46-ooN. Bohemia, Europe 16-45 E. 49-40 N, Poland, Europe 38-30 £. 54-20 N. France, Europe 4-46 E. 4A-10N. Barbary, Africa 00-00 30-'3P N. Tufcany, Europe 12-O0E. 42-30 N. Periia, Afia 56-^0 E. 27-30 N, Towni* ,&'i. I N * D Towns. Provincts. Countries. X. Orfowa* Ofnabragt Oftrady Otranto, Oudeoardy Oxford, P 'nAdua, J: Paita, Palbrmo, Palmyra, Pampeltma, Panama, Paris, Parma, Paflau, Pavia, Pbcw, Pbkikg, Perfepolis, Perth, Temefwaer, Weftphalia, Flanders, Naples, Flanders, Oxfordihire, Venice, Peru, Mazara, Syria, Navarre, Darien, Qaar- Longt- Latitndt* tttu fade. D. M. D. M. Temefwaer, Europe xi-ooE. 45-30 N. Germany, Europe 7.40E. 5S-31N, Netherlands, Enn^ 1-45 E. $1-15 N. Italy, Europe 19-15 E. 40-13 N. Netherlands, Eart^ie 2-50 £. 51--15N. England, Europe 1-15W. 5I-45N. luly. South Sicily Ifle, Turkey, Spain, I'erra-firma, Me of France, France, Parmefan, Italy, Bavaria, Milaneib, Peking, Iracagem, Perth, Peterborough Northamp- England, tonfhire, P E T K R s- Ingria, BURGH, Petitguaves, Hifpaniola, P H I L A D E L- Penfylvania, PHI A, Philippi, Macedonia, Philiplburg, Palatinate, Placentia, Parmefan, Ptgnerol, Piedmont, Pita, Tufcany, Pifcataway, N.Hampihire North Placentia, Ellremadura, Spain, Plata, South Devon, England, Poidkou, France, Coromandel, Eaft-India, Germany, Italy, Eaft-India, China, Perfia, Scotland, Ruffia, Ifland, North Turkey, Germany, Italy, Italy, Italy, Plata, Plymoudi, Pollers, Pondicherry, Portategre. Alentejo, Portugal, France, Port rdrient, Bretany, Porto, or Entreminho Portugal Oporto, Douroi Porto Bello, Darien, PortoCavallo, Caracos Terra-firma, Terra-firma, Europe Amer. Europe Afia Europe Amer. Europe Europe Europe Europe Afia Afia Afia Europe Europe ia-15 E. So-ooW. 13-00 E. ■i9-oo E. 1-30W. 82.00W. 2-25 E. ii-ooE. 13-30 E. 9-40 E. 97-00 E. iii-ooE. 54-00 E. 3-ioW. 0-15 E. 5-00 S. 38-30 N. 33-00 N. 43-50 N. 9-00 N. 48-15 N. 44-4S N. 48.30 N. 45-»$N. 17-30 N, 40-00 N. 30-30 N. 56-25 N. 5^-33 N.^ Europe 31-00 E. 60-00 N. Amer. Amer. Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Amer. Europe Amer. Europe ^.urope Afia Europe Europe Europe 76-ooW. 18-05 ^^• 74-00 W. 40-50 N. 25-00 E. 8-16 E. 10-25 ^• 7-15 E. 11-15 E- 70-00 vv. 6-ooW. 66-30W. 4-27W. 00-15 ^• So-00 li. 8-ooW. 3-15W. 9-00W. 41 ooN. ^9-48 N. 45-00 N. 44-45 N. 43-36 N. 43-35 N. 39-45 N. 22-30 N. 50-26 N. 46-40 N, 12-27N, 39-20 N. 47-42 N. 41-ioN. f Of to ^ico, Porto Rico, liland, Amer. 82-ooW. 10-00 N. Amer. 67-30W. 10-30 N. Amer. 65-ooW. 1 8-00 N. , Towns. U N'! I>: Ttmas. FoRTRoTALy Fbrt Royal, FonStMaiy's Fertiaiottth, Pragui» Pracop, Presbvrc, Preftoitf Poltowa, Pari/burg, Pyrmont, rtoviQCis% lantict,. South Aadaloiu, LosCkfcoui Crim Upper LaaaSbiKt Ukrainu Georgia, Lyppc, Coanttiet. Ifland, Carol^ Spain, England, Peru, Bohemia, Tartary, Hunganr, EngiMMl, Ruffia, V S. Carolina, Geimaoy, Quar- ters. Amer. Amer. Europe Europe Amer. Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Amer. Europe Q ^UiBBC, French Quitto, Quitto, Canacia, Peru, RAab, Lower , rwA RamillesBrabantt ■■ ^ Ramfgate, Kent, Raftadc, RatUbon, Ravenna, Reggio* Reggio, Rennci, Revel, Rhodes, Riga. Rochelle, Rocheftcr, Rochfort, ROMI, Rotterdam, RoBcn, Rylwick, Swabia, Bavsria, Romania, Modena, Kaples, Bretany, Livonia, Rhodes, Livonia, Orleanois, Kent, Guienne, Pope's Territ. Holland, Normandy, Tutiand, jtioUand, Hungary, Netherlands, England, Germany, Germany, Italy, Italy, Italy, France, RuOia, liland, Ruflia, France, England, France, Ittly, Netherlands, France, Denmark, Netherlands, Longi* Qide. DM. 77-ooW. So-ooW, 6-30W. I- 6W. 67-ooW. 14.-20 E. J7-40 E. 17-30 E. 2-52 E. 35-00 F'. 81-00W. 9-00 E. Latitude. D.U »7-3pN. 3»"f5N» 36-3* N. 50>40 N. 2200 S. 5 0-00 N. 46-40 N. 48-20 N. 53-4S Ni 50-00 N. 31-45 N. 5 2.00 N. N.Am. 74-ooW. 47-35 N, S.Am. 7S-00W. 00-30 St Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Fiurope Europe Europe Europe Europe Afia Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Eujope Europe Europe 18-00 E. 4-50 E. 1-22 £. 8>oo £. 12- 5 E. 13-00 E. 11-00 £. 15-50 E. 1.45W. 24-00 h. 28-00 E. 24-00 E. I- 5W. 0-34 E. looW. 13-00 E. 4-20 E. 1- 6E. 9-00 E. 4-40 E. 48-00 N. 5C-46 N. 51-20N. 48-45 N. 49-00 N. 44-30 N. 44.45 N. 38-28 N. 48. 5N. 59-00 N. 36-20 N. 5 7-00 N, 46- 7N. 51-22 N. 46-00 N, 41-45 N- 52-ooN. 49-30 N. C5-30N. 52- 8N. .; QAguntum Valencia, l3orMorvie- dro, Sayd, or Upper Thebes, Saintcs, Guienne, Spain, Europe 0-40W. 39-35 N. Egypt, Africa 3a-2o£.a7-oo>N. France, Europe 0-36W. 45-50 N. Towm. N BT E Towns. Pirovinoet. CoontriM. Salamanca* S A L A N K A MEN, Salerao, Salifbuiy, SaUee. Salonichi* Saltiburg, Samarcamo, Samaria, Samoi, Sandwich, Saragofla, Saixum, Savannah, Savona, Scalloway, Scanderoon, Scarborough, Scaffhoufe, Schellcnber^i •Schenechtioa, Schiras, Scone, Sebafiian, St. Sedan, Segovia, Senef, Seftoi, Seville, Shaftibuiy, Sheffield. Shielda, Shrrbro, Sheernefs, Shfewibttiy, SlAM, Siden, Sienna, Sion, Slefwtck, Slayi, Smyrna, Soiflbns, Solothurn, Leon, Radcia. Naples, Wiltfliire, Fee, Macedon, Bavaria, Ufl>cc, Paleftine, Samoslfle, Kent, Arragon, Holland, Georgia, Genoa, Shetland, Svria, Yovkfliire, SchafFhoufc, Bavaria, New York, FarfiiUn, Perth, fiifcay, Champaign, Old Caft3c, Haiiiault, Romania, Andalufia, Dorfctlhire, Yorkihire, Durham. Guinea, Kent, Shropfliire, Siam, Arabia, Tufcany, Valaii, Spain,' Sclavonia, Italy, England^ Morocco Turkey, Germany, Tartary, Turkey, Turkey, Eni^land, Spam, Netherlands, Carolina, Italy, Ifles, Turkey, England, i>witxerland, Germany, North Perlia, Scotland; Spain, France, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Spain, England, England, England, Qsv* Longi- lers. '^ide. D.M. Euro^ ^loW. Eorope > »i.eo E. Earope ijito E. Evope 1.55W. Amen 7«ooW. Europe 24-00 E. Europe m^E. Afia 66-00 E. Afia 3S.00E. Afia S7.50 B. Europe i-ao E. 1-15W. 4-00 E. 81-aoW. 9«ooE. 1-5 E. 37-00 E. 00-00 8-40 E. ii-00 E. 7a.3oW. ct-Oo E. England, England, Eaft India, Deferta, Italy, Switzerland, Southjtttland, Denmark, Flanders, Netherlands, NatoUa, Turkey Me of France, France, Solffure, Switzerland, Europe Europe Amcr. Europe Europe Afia Europe Europe Europe Amer. Afia Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Africa Europe Europe Afia 1-50W. 4.45E. 4'J5W. 4-10 £. ay.jo E. 6-ooW. a.4oW. i-aoW. i-ooW. ii-ooW. 0-50 E. 1.46W. 101-00 E. Afia 42-1; E. Europe 12 30E. Europe 7-20 R. Europe 9-45 E Europe 3-1; E Afia ay-oo E. Europe 3-21 E. Europe 7-15 I. D.M. 41-00 ^f. 4c-aoN. 40-40 N. 51. 6N. 34-00 N. 41-ooN. 40-00 N. 3 2-40 N. 37-30 N. 51-21 N. 4»-3*N. $2-28 N. 32^>oN. 44-*5?- 61-12 R. 36.,cN. $4-18 N. 47-4«5- 48.45 N. 4a-3o N. 30-00 N. 56-28 N. 49.46 N. 41-00 rf. 50-26 N. 40-00 N. 51- 6N. 5 3-26 N. 55-00 N, 6-00 N. 5i-a5N. 52-46 N. 1 4-30 N. 2 1-20 N. 43-20 N. 46-15 N. 51-18N. 37-30 N. 49-28 N. 47-18N. Towns. N D Town*. Provinces. Cmcntries. flouUltlBptORy Spaw, Spire, ottnORlf Steenkirk, Sterling, Stetin, Stockholm, Stockton, StnUund, Strasbvro, Stutgart, Sves, Sunderland, SvaAT, Surinam, Swcrin, £witt, Syracttfe, Hampihire, England, Liege, Germany, Palatinate, Germany, StaSbnUhire, England, Hainaalt, Sterling, Pomerania, UpLtndia, Dnrluun. Pomerania, AlAce, Swabia, Suez, Durham, Cambaya, Surinam, Netherlands, Scotland, Germany, Sweden, England, Germany, Germany, Germany, Egypt. England, Ealt-India, South . Mecklenburg, Germany, SwitZi Switaerland, Siciiy, Ifland, Quar- Longi- Latitude. ters. tmt. D.M. D.M. Europe i-joW; 50-55 N« Europe 5-50 £. 50-32 N. Europe 8-17 £.49-i6N. Europe a- 6W. 52-50 N. Europe 4- 8 E.. 50-45 N. Europe 3-50W. 56- 1 2 N. Europe 14.50 E. 5 3-30 N. Europe i8^«o E. 59-30 N. Europe 1-60W. 54-33 N. Europe I3.-22 £. 54-23 N. Europe 7-35 E. 48-38 N. Europe 9-00 E. 48-40 N. Africa 34-30 E. 30-00 N. Europe i-ooW. 54-55 N. Afia 72-20 E 21-30N. Amer. 56-ooW. 6-30 N. Europe 1 1-30 £. 54-00 N. Europe 8-30 E. 47-00 N. Europe 15- 5 E. 37-25 N. Naples, Natolia, TAngier, Fez, TanjourTanjour, Tar^gon, Caulonia, Taranto, Tarfus or Taraffio, Tauris, or ■ Ecbatani, TiMiswABR, Temefwaer, Tervere, Zealand, ■Tetaan, fez, Thebes, fee Morocco, Eall-India, Spain, ' Italy, Turkey, Adirbeitzan, Perfu, Africa 7-00W, 35-40 N. Afia 79-30 E. 1 1 -00 N. Europe 1-15 £.41- 6N. Europe 18-15 £.40-32 N. Afia 35-00 E. 37-00 N, Afia 46-30 E. 38.20 N. Bannat, Eurojie 22-00 E. 45-55 N. Netherlands, Europe 3-35 E. 5 1-38 N. Morocco, Africa 6-35 W. 35-40 N. Said Thebes, or Achaia, Turkey, Europe 24.00 E. 38-10 N. Thiva. Thomas, St. Coromandel, Thoulon, Thoulole, Tinmonth, Tivoli, or Tibur, T090I.SR1, Provence, I.>anguedoc, Northumber- land, Campania* Siberia^ India, Afia 80-00 E. 1 3-00 N. France, Europe 6-00 E. 43-05 N. France, Europe 1-5E.43-40N. England, Eurc4>e i-ooW. 55-00 N. Italy»v ■ Europe ij-js E.4a-ooN. Rttifia, Afia 63-«oB.57-}oN. Toww, N D E Towni. Provioco. Tockay, Toledo* Tolen, Tongeren, Tome, Torto£^ Toul, Toumay, Tours, Trapano, Trapeiund, Travemund, Trent, Triers, or Treves, Tiiefte, ' A POLI, i ri;>o]i, irois Rivi- eres, Troyes, Trojr Ruins, Tubingen, Tunbridge, TuKIS, Turin, Tyre, Upper NewCaiUle, Zeland, Liege, Tome, Catalonia, Lorr&in, Flanders, Orleanois, SicUy, Natolia, Holftein, Trent, Treves, Iftria, Tripoli, Syria, Canada, Champain, Natolia, Swabia, Kent, Tunis, Piedmont, Paleftine, Qoar- Cotutriea. ten* Hungary, Europe Spain, Europe Netherlands, Europe Germany, Europe Lapland, Europe Spaiu, Europe Germany, Europe Netherlands, Europe France, Europe Ifland, Europe Turkey, Afia Germany, Europe Italy, Europe Germany, Europe Venice, Barbary, Turkey, North France, Turkey, Germany, England, Barbary, Italy, Turkey, Longi- Litftndlb cnde. D.M. D.M. SI-CO E. 48- loK. 4. 1 2 W. 39.4^ M. 4-eoE.5i-3o|i|^ S-aaE.$o.54N. it-45E. 65.45 N. 00-15 E. 40.45 N. 5.4a E. 48.45 K. 3-30 E. 50.37 N. 00.45 E. 47.25 N. ia-8.£.38»ooN. 41.aofi.4a.a6N. 10.45 E. 5^.30 N. 11.00E.46. 5N. 6.10 E. 49-55 N. Europe 14-00 E. 46. 5 N. Africa 14-30 E. 33.30 N. Afia 36-15 E.3A.30N. Amer. 75.00W. 46.45 N. Europe Afia Europe Europe Africa Europe ATia A- 5 E. 48.15 N. 26.30 E. 39-30 N. 8-55 E. 48.26 N. 00.16 E. 51. 14 N. le-ooE. 36.20 N. 7.16 E. 44.50 N. 36.00 E. 32.32 N. VAdo. Valencia Valenciennes, Valladolid, Vallangin, Veit, St. Vbnic«, Venio, Vera Cruz, Verdun, Verona, Verfailles, Verue, Viana, ViAoria, Genoa, Valencia, Hainanlt, Old Caftile, Vallangin, Carinthia, Venice, Gclderland, Tlafcala, Lorrain, Venice, Ifle of France, Piedmont, Enrremiuho Douro, Bifcay, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Mexico, Germany, Italy, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe Amer. Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe 9. 8E. oo-jsW. 3.23 E. 6-40 E. 15-00 E 13-00 E. 6-20 E. loo-ooW. 5-10 E. ii-i; E. 2-15 E 8-00 E. 9-15W. 44-16 N. J9-ao H, 50-2AN. 41-3* N. 47-10 N. 45-40 N. 45-40 N. 1 8.30 N. 49-14 N. 45-20N. 48-46 N. 45-00 N. 4i'4oNw Europe a.45W.43. 6R« Tow^t* m -if t fowns. Pkoviaow. 3S. tcfSk tnoe. D.M. i>.M. Tfwnnk>, ' AttanM, Gafuuft Borope i^aoB.4S^soR VleMM^ DwpkiDty Franct, Eala|w< ^4^41 B. 4e.t« R lOn, Adficb,- $piin» EoropQ 9^i8W.42risN. Vnia^aiMii^ Piedrnqnc^ I Italn • Enrop* 7. 8 E.4Sr4cN. imkVkioft»NnfCMUitt Spun»> . Europe sj-soW. 40.^0 N. yiUvotdn^ Bnbaai^t:'^ Net}Mri«Mi»» Europe 4^}oE4$.i•o9N. Ulm» Siirab^ ^ Gcnui^, Europe po-eoE. 48.14 N. Una, hafbadt Sweden, ., Europe i8<4o£. 63.50 N. Undarmld, IfodAwald, Switacrlmd, Enippc 7*00 E.46.toN. Up&l,. J^pblri^ Si$mim Europe 17.50 £.60.00 N^ VAmo,^-^ Pope'iDom. Italy* Europe 13-50 E.4|-40;'N. Uri» Uif, Switaerland, Europe 8-30 E. 4(^50 N. V^ipB^^Vf-Tanis, Barbary» Africa 9.30 E. 37^x1 N. fern* CtrediC, Utrecht, Netherlands, Europe 5-00 £.52* 7N. W ' Warwick, Waterford, WetaMT, Wciflcnbuiff, Wdk, Wdel, W B S T M 1 N- • TK R, Wetilar, Wexfoid, Weymouth, WUdah, or Fidah, Whitehaven, Wiburg. Wiburg, Wkklow, Williams- B V a o R, Williamftadt, Wilna. Wiachclfea, Wincheiler, Wiadfor, Wifinar, Uraer Honganr* Warfovia, Poland, Warwickfliire England, Waterford, Ireland, Saxony, Germany, Lower Hunga^, Somerfetfliire, England, Clevet, Germany, Middlefex, England, Wcteravia, Germany, Wexford, Ireland, Dor(et(hire, England, Guinea, Slave Coall, Cumberland, England, Finland, Ruflia, Jutland, Denmark, Wicklow, Ireland, — — Virginia, Europe a 1.50 £.47-1$ N. Europe 21- 5 E. 52-15 N. Europe 3. Europe 7- Europe 11 Europe 1 8 Europe Europe c Europe oO' i- oo£.5?-2oN. ooW. 5a-iaN. 25 E.51-00N. 30 E. 47-22 N. 35W. 51.20N. 5 E. 5 1-37 N. 00 5 1-30 N. Hotland. Lithuania, Suflex, Hampfhire, Bcrkihire, Netherlands, Poland, England, England, England, Mecklenburg, Germany, Europe 8-1 5 E. 50-30 N. Europe 6-25W. 52-15 N. Europe 2-34W, 50-40 N, Africa 3-00 E. 6-00 N. Europe 3-16W. 54.30 N. Europe 29-ro E. 61-00 N. Europe 9- 16 E. 56-20 N. Europe 6-30W. 5 a-50 N. Amer. 76-30W. 37-20 N. Europe 4.20 E. 5 1-44 N. Europe 25- 1 5 £. 5 5-00 N. Europe 00-50 E. 50-58 N. Europe 1.24W.5I. 6N. Europe 00-39 H. 5 1*28 N. Europe 11-31 £.54*15 N. Towni. / < * M" t 1 I "^% { * > TowMi. Provinces ,,Ji' ■ . WoUehbttttle," " ' Wologda, WomStock. Uvinwuiv^ Wofteilei> • - wbrcefterfh. Wermv'i Palodaate^ WotonctSt Watttbui WyneiK Belgorod, Francoiia^' FlandMt, Qgv- LoMi- UMb. •en* Mae. . %^ EiH*|MiM^SoS-5»<«oN. Jnwpe 4i^E. 5^.001. mm «>^io&ji.5oN. W|* >-l5W.53.|rK. X X Alifco, Mexico, North Amer. lltf'O0i#,;iMNi^ YArmouth Norfolk, York, Yorklhire, York, New, Vork, Ypres, Flaade#s, Yvica, Yviai Ifle, Z ZAnt. Zeits, Zell, Zcrbft, Zug, Zurich, Zutphen, Zant Ifle, Saxony, Saxony, Saxony, Zug, Zurich, Zutphen, ' ■■ 'I England,! England,^ North \ Nethcrlan^ Spain, I Europe Europe Amer. Europe Europe Venice, \ Europe Germanf, \Europe Germany, " Germany, Kurope Switioiand, lurepe Switzerland, lurope Netherlands, o-5oW.54^x>N. a^.46E.5o-j4N. i-ooE.3^K)oN. a1.30E.37.50N. ia-3o£. 51.00 N. 1000 E. 52.53 N. <«-33E.5a^»N. f35E. 46-55 N. ;-3oE.47-5aN. 6-00E.5i.J5N. N "fsi ■l^'TJfefc m' .-.•>•■ mm* "* '^ BiMi>»;ik.-fef tit SpUM^ flgl t^ Tlw Setea Vnited PrfvincM, with the AMfirUn^ FrtiAt and Dmeh Nitbtrhnlist pif/s yo. ,in»^ Gtrmmvt 9^ H7f IJK J&ii, pige 183. 'VfrM^fht fit Mifikj/n BMNpiiptgetgt, 3EII* Swtdiitf DtmHMri N»fWay, utA FinUmJ, page 104* xVl. 4ii«, pige4aj itVn. faffl^r in 4jf» page 424. ZV^II. SsJilHiiUsht%t 447. 3[pC. CSMm, page £5; XX. J/ruti, pageni. XXL thrth^Jbuimt fmS^ XXII. 89Mtb»JmJit0t p. 5^. XXm. WtJI-hStt page 625. ~V- Jtr. B. TbdBindcr ii dcfircd to beat the Book btloN ht pliQH tu Mapa. \ \. tefMt1« iM