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Chairn Htt wel tlio U' ot (h< I rath< act ion fiion 8< press ^ to the (Ch«'«r civilize SuppUment to " The Freeholder^ WORKINGMEN'S DEMONSTRATION Uk.T Toronto, Thursday, May SOtli, ?.87? w w M €J- lei OK Hon. Mr. Mackenzie. Hon. Mr. MA('KENZIFi, upon riaing, wtw greeted with round iiftor round of choorn. Wfiort they had emi.stxl he naid : Jilr. Chairman, —tl am ex(!C(Hlin;^ly ()hliger of tJio AdntiniHtriition in notgiving otVect to <>na';t!nonls whiih wmild have tor Ihoir ohjiTt tlie hcnotit of the workintj- man. Now, sir, I look ujion ihis addre^^.>^, eominj^ as it < loos from the workingmon, J^^ >'manatiug from the true Hoiirce of politii;al j>owor, in\d a^ hoiiig a < ompleto vinnication of th«' (tovernnu-nt in the coui-hc iHii-sued in this <'ounlrj-. i Oheei-s ) For wlialovcr may Iw Kaid hy tho.M! who may Ihj ft step al>ov(' the workingtnan in tin* xorial M-nle in this country. I hold ii it* the workingniaii who has made the oounlry. It in l!>o woi kinginati who is to givo the ironntry iK)W«r tor the future, and to make it irrcat in the eyes of tijo world. It is tho workingman to whom we nn»t all look, not merely ior tin- tinits of imndiani«ral pursuit*^ common to cilior. and townM, hut alno for the cultivation of our ticldn. the cioaring of our Ibrostw, the conKtruction of our puhlic works, and, in short, everything that give^* rhararter, jH)Wi'r, and piosjx'rily to a (•i\iliy.«vl countjy. 1 ihero- fore feci all the greater pride in ri'f..-iving tliis token of homage, not to m3M>il'. hut to thoHe priii- ciples of whii'h I al present am on!}- a reprosent.ilive, and I assure you that .my colleagues in the Government, and my collengnes ii\ pnMic life in the Parliament of the country will ahundatiify appreeial* the motives which have led the workingnum of thiri city 1ry of the c(»untry, to the history of our race in the .Motherland, »hould, 'ly natural instinct, be a e^oii^ervative. (t'heers.) Sir, tho power of the workingman is made manifest only whtui a country beootae* civilized and powo»Tui. The power of a worktugmaji it oothiu^f in a state oi Betai-oarbai l«ui^ • '> riiMM ■■■ 2 The Tory party in England wore but tho followoi-s or tho suocft.ssors of tlioso who oppreiwo the wijrkiii|:{m!iii in limo?* !oig i^one'hy. (('hoci;'.) 1 nay thvy wero but tlio Inlloworn or »ui COS .<)i'(« of liio.so who hi>ld the worUiiigmun in lij{ht t makinfr thoir «Hhji>cts toil to icnr mom nieiiu, !i'>t to hnnian iindi.^tiy, not t/> that iniiii>trv wliich \> pi'xjnolivo, bnt mewly inonunuiit to liio nionurchh aniihlic v oi-kw whi«'' thi <• luiiiry haw bct'ii Litdvavounrii^ to ciiry torwanl In compltslion. ( Inli'rnnitioii. > 1 am n' ikt all snrpi'incvl at the iMi|)aiieiu'0 of corlain iruullomen, «Tlii'\ know that th« li of publi opinion IS niiiiiinij !lgain^t thoni. (Uhoers.) Thoy U;iow tlial thin nni^nitii iiil ucnionHtralio Hiiiks into in^igniticanco anything; thai they hav« attempted. (Hoar and <"licoi*.) I wj nliout to traco tlio history of tho workin^anan from tho tiino whon In- wan tjio n\fr<' niavo of If df-jioi and ihc' tyrant. In onr own day t'tl'ort« art- made iiy -trontj CoiiMMVUtivcs to indncu il woi iiiiigman to U'liovo that tliev. and tln-y alone, an' his trnn tViondH, nltliomjh it i>- impo'siblo tli; any ^ntiMtantiul sympathy fan oxi*! botwooii a Conservative and tiio real workinijnnin wl sut'^ist- liy till' labour of his hands, (('boors. ) Well, sir. let mo cunu' down in the history the World to countries whi(di followed fast upon the ((.ulst.o|'S of ilu- Kgypti.uis in ibi' rare (. c»Misid»'r what was tho r^mdition of the workinjcman in lOnglaml itsoll in tl Hixtoonth and .Hovenieeiitli eonturios, when Tory rale was ai its heigiit. when no lalM»uror had an voico III the admiijistrati<)n of affair.s, when scarr-oly siurb a thing ah popular rojtresoiitiition i rarl.anionl exist* I. lAon in the days of the Coiiiiaonwealth w«! find iliat. ib^- wage o| li workiin;niaii was ii.\od by (ho t^i'Milor'So^.-'ious or ibi- ma!;i«iiato-. of ibo rospot live eotintio-^ Kngland, and tha;, altboii^ii they wore lermi'd fioonK'n, tb"y wore really oompelltsi to do il . W4)rk of serfs. We find Ibat dining that period tliey were allowtwi simply snob wages a» woni albtrd them the barest po.-,sible covoiing for lljoii' Uvlies, unoann ■ snlwisienoe. And yet, sir. ihroiigli all llial long ])('riod ot darkn ss and di^lioss to llio laboiirii nnin, he wis o>mipellol tor i themselves. /»! ihe pro ent day the eumlitions of lalMJiir are praelioally tlie saiiit! in ( 'unada in laigiaml. ^n both eon. (trios the arrangomonts with r. if he likes, have a honu; ou soil owned .as wtll a» oioup; by, hiniseli. (^Cheers.) 1 wa.i about to allude to h;ivs of a rest-ieiivo oharauior whioh iia been enaetwl apparently for the protection of tho workingman, but really in order to brii' aboiii the most evil results lo every one of thom. All law^ whioh have a teiidemy to prove the Iree ox- hango of labnur, whioh make labour t-iluiary ;o capital, whieh make thtj employ a luti'o sei'f to tho om|)loye.-. must o( noeo.ssit\' a.i> et iiijuiioiisly tho interests ol tin' workin man. (A ilisorrjerly inlcim})tion here ooiurred, lasting lor about live minulos, it was oair-ed an obstinate individual in the middle of the hall, who iK-rsistiMl in standing on hia seat t a4*ting in an ooiontrie hwaion , ho was nitimatoiy. however, induood to sit down.) I w pro< ceding, sir, to remark upon thi- evil tondeia-y of all j'o-lrittive laws— thai in, laws wh' : 1 unnere.s»arily intoil'oro with conlrac Is lu'iwoon m.'in and man. rreoisi'ly the lame primiplo wb . atlocts eontraots lor labour alfeots oontraet.-' for any other ooiiim<<(lity ; and vvhatover lieprive mnn of the liberiy to iranslor his lalMUjr tt to protect (ho far.'ior and the landlord at tho expense of all tho rest oft Community. >Sir, it is well known to every Ki.'lishnmn present who lived in Kngland forty o» li; yean* ago. that at that time there w:w.. iiisleail of pn>sperity, es is eommonly sup|N)sod, a conUil of tho utnio-il ilefression in the -Molhur Country. {A Vo eo._" 'I'lmt's so.") ^Vs long protective laws n-uiainoil in loice il was sup|)osod that a certai. cliiss would Ije benofitlod, :<'. that no oiher class would sutler .'iny injury ti> •>» them. It is, hssible to nrotec a particular interest, unless it bo al the oxponse ol oiher inloiost< (lleai , hoar.) Now, aii- remember very well when John iiright, (i(H>rge Thompaon, Kit dam (Jobdoii, i.nd other gr. % I who opprousc t't>Uo\v«>i".i <»r fui I » llio liiatory < ' I \vi? li»<>U Itti'k I' lifutii.n — ?«mh u il U> I'l'ni* mom Tcly ittniniiiu'iit tiiiilviiiig of th liiiinaii lii'u aii'i ilic \v()vkn wlii«'' tititi. I I iiiii tv ic li.) I w: n.'ii- hIiivo of til V( s to umIiico il is irnpo'siMo th: ' ^i)rk)it;;niuii wL in tli»i liixtorv s in I 111' raif t; lajid itj'cll' ill tl lalxtunu' liii'l :iii •ojiiflrtt'iitiitioTi thfi w.'igo oi' (I •livi' foimlu-' ipi'llinl to do 1 1 . wii^cs UM won! i>>s-iil)lo mount* ■ 4 to I lie luliouri: iii;.^ jiiihlic, wot I. liiN (lay portoi ii;;tiiMt«l lor t nie ill < 'uiiuda jii'L to coinlilioi a is, liowovfi", i-Mi' in Kii>;luii III in tlio citi Mill iU ot'C-U|il •lor whit'lj lia or|iriv»' ineot hit* war IKl-l <•! llfCl's:- '\>toni o( l;n w-< in FiiiiihiiiM loii^ tli(< Moll o| l-'.liillinnl V II iho r«st oft and ti>rly o> tv osod, aconUit ') An long > i>oncfiU»; laws w(t« «M>iilinu«'d in i'xisl*n<««. It iH well known tliat foi »(Voral ^oai^ holori' thy iH'pcjd of tlic Corn Laws wji« furri^vl li}- a ri liu-tant liC^iHlatiiio *!i<" p«v»p|« of the com, try woro U-i oiniiii; n»o8i doH|H>rat«<. Il is widl luiown tital ruvoliitioti wa^ bruu4iin/; in llit> vny hearl ortin- liritisli IOtii|y tho d'oi'ih of piotiTli.'n. And I Hhall Ik- nhlo to show Imlwrn I ain doin" the Hiinilarity wliioh c:iiHt» lvlw«'i.'n tlial protoi li\f syhtciu and tho f«\>loni whi< h t»>\nv |M>opli» would hav«« prevail in this now country , wln-ro we ar*' hiippo-i-d it> Ik) in a i)oHili slrikn out a now lino for ourHulvcs, und to hring Canada and all il oan inthi(«ri(-(- into liannony with tho polioy of tho l"]in|ii ro. * (( 'hod's. 1 That |K»lioy is ono whioh is riuinoiilly jusi to all Mi'iu, ju* il I5iak<'s nay taxort f'>r the inainlonanot' ot ; no Slnlo uiul tor Iho oxfci-jtionof lis lawtt.iiiii (•dinpelsusalso to pa^'u larj^o taxation (or tho purjuiso oftilliiif^ tho |MM-kolM of souio of our follow ciii/.tiis (hoar, hoar), is a most initpiiiuiiHsysU'in. il i'^ unjust hi |irinoipl<>. it is ji|'l <'oiisoquoncos in jiraclii o, own to tliosf who may d<'rivo a tiunporary advantuKO from tho i'liactiiKMil ot' jumIc liv»> laws. No ono oan possil»l\' doul>l lltal if thoy ;;ivo a litlio pjui«inj<'ot. Now. i-ir, w.ii;os at llio limo llial liio Corn haws wero ill Ion* in Kiii^lund wore ut the vory |v»int of starvation. I rt«oollfOt v«fy woll when thoordimiry I'lriii laborer had to lio (-onlont^vl in (iroat Hritaiu with alMUii a shillla^ a day : I i'<-oolloot, also whon soiuo imi>rovt;m"nt wm'- niado that iv|KMioo a ilay was thoii^i'il t" In- u ;.;ooy tho a^'rioiillurisfs won' thoUf^lil lo Im' woll paid whon thoy avimo j^otiini^ CIO poi annum and thoir boanl , and I rocolltHl tho limo wlnn mo rli:inio'K, such as iniwons, i.arpontors, Maoksmiths, and o'lior arlitioors. had lo Ik? oontont with from throcpouot* to lourjHUu*' poi- ln'iir. Now llioy (hi'iU thoniMolvos iM paiu if llu'v do not havo from oi^lii|H«iK«' to Icnjioiioo halt |K'nn\ an liotir in !'"aii;la!itl. This shows how luiu'licial froo-trado has lM»en lo llio Kii^'lish nn' tho K*i;;ii.^h lahtuvr. Nom", sir. ai the prtv^oni limo the oi'dinary farm soivanl — llio jilouirhnjan of Iho old land — oan oiwily ohtain Clt yn't' annum and his Isiard, wliioli formerly, within tiio memory of many •! those I am now addrossiii'.j and wiihin my own, ho fMil\ ohiaiuwl X'lO What was tiio state of ilu» a\ >rkinmiian as to lo.^al of a man wiih a family lor obtainii^r a fair olomentary (idiuaiion liir his ol.ihlren. All this, 1 say, was tho result of an evil system of lo,t»islaiion, disoriminaliu^' r^'jiin.'.l labour, .iiid in favour of Iho lantlloifl und capitalist. At tho time when ].. ;hanl Cobdon ln'g.nn hi" ciusado a:;:tiii>-l the Corn Laws il was tirmiy boliovisl by every landlord that if thi>si> laws were rojualod, it tho people obfaine^l ohoap foould W the rui4i of ail wiio (armed and ownoil tho soil. (A Vo:o« — *' What has thai ^ot to "poii under a -imihii-JsyMiem in Cami-Ia ; I am rol'orrin;^- U> a state orihiiigs li'Un wliirli We have happily oscapeil The lainil'rd, the j^tval lamlowiior, and tho tonan^ fiuiiior in Kii^land woie aliko misiakon in thoir improssiontt (.>f wliat would occur after tho repeal of the Coin Laws. Thoy IslievoiL that tiniversal disaster would .»V(>rtake the ai^iicnlfiiral interohlH. Insloiui of that, wir, ft-oiM tlio time tiiose injuiioiis and utijiist laws wore repoaloil, Jiirriciilmre in tfroai Hritain look a fresh start . new life w:i.-. infuse I inlotho pursiii! of %<;rioulluro ; iIum-o w^n-c bolter impl-'inenls, lioilor hu-ibaiiliy, now manu-os - o\ t""ylhiiiK ]>osniblo wasdoiiotoinirea.se tho pi-oduelivoiiesH <»f tho Miil. The result waM that the farmer pr thoy steatlily rose in v.alue until at the pre.-v the re|»i»al of the ('orii Laws, exoopt cereals, whioh art; moio subjeel to oompolitioii with Ibroi^n i;niin. Rents .ire nearly douhh- what thoy weru at ihal puri(.>d in liiij^land. Insload, thorefore, of a repeal ol those protootivo law^ boin^' hii injury, it h.n:- really Knotiled, not merely the w(u*l)i8««i in wealll al the nitlo of live or nix im»>8 tluit at whioh it iucroiwod previously. (Hear and ohijorH.) Tho uidustriul claH.soH at once reooived Iwtlor pay, tl>o thi-niei*» Iwfnmo more prfwpcpoiis, tho manufa'-turers h>c('amo more woullliy, iiinl we Jiud tho inoMl ahiiiulaiil prnol' on every haivl <»!' iho mutoriiil value nf dial hvkUmii of lugiHlatioii whicli w«* ailvoou'c in Canada iiiulur the nime of u reveniiu larilf. We liavi* in tliirt countij at Ui« prenciil moment no idea of iiavin^ a HVrttem of fr»«»' Ira^lu. No one luis over pnnKJsed that. What wc hivo pro|MiHC>untry, and not fur Hnylhini( tlac. On lu'ai'ly idl arlich^H nutnntactnrtHl thoro in now an iiM|Mii't July which is ho hi^li tin 'o In- ulniosl i»rott'c!i«»nisl, and any f'nrliicr impost wtudd rcsnil in a dct roasnl ivvcnuc. Hnl what iho jtrolcctioniHt in piinciplo wunl.s \h. that we should not only pay :i tax to (ho Stat* for the maintcnatico and cxtvution of thdm*-' hul wf hhould al-o |my a tax to J>«» put in the jMK.kctH of either the a^iicnltiiriHt — ;f lie can i>e pi-ou-itt-d, which I don't iM'Iicvc lan he done — or of li " nnuni(a-Hil>le Ut protect him, lis a continuoiiH )M)liey, and 1 tthail ti;i ity or advornity o! either eountry. TIk! ,»eople of tho United Slates are akin in ori(_'in to (mi'>i^ert at once that they arc on a fooling ot pertcct equality with us in that ])nrli< ular. (Hear, hear.) Thoy, have the nnnie houndh-ss capacity, and are on a footing oi cipuility, to siy the leant, as t(t the jneaiis of makinti lalx)ur pnxhu-tive, and Uic pcHlwiiioii of all ^reat natural re.sources which should make a jjeople liappy and proHperou.s. They are not oppressed \iy any tyrant, and they •% make their own laws. vVe are oppie.sbwi by no tyianl either, we meet lure as free men lo distus.s the public atVaiis lA' a iuition. (Clicers.) We meet here lo eonsider tbouc great principles which baxetor lheirol)jccr the groatesl amount of human liappiness, and for iheir uiiimate result national yrandeur, or if the law« should be unjust, national failure. 1 propose lo examine u few of the etiecte of the laws of the UnitinJ States, n» compare*! with the ofiect.«» '^^ Ciuiadian laws l>ea.rin<; upon human induhtry, and vonsennently upon human liappine.-^s. Those who liave not studied I'niled Suit4.'*( polity or bislor\ tiiay not be awjire lliat the real prote' live , era only 4-on»men(etl alter IHJO, tor many years Inlure thai country hud a purely revenue ta.itt". Ucc«ai(»nally Imfore IbiJO ihe^' levied duties which partook largely of the natuit> of a protc' tiva toiritf i but in 18(50, just about the time th.-il tiie war broke out, nianuriururei-a and otliers intoresled in partieular specula\'ions suceeedeur years'— U) tho extent o\' $7.12.000,000. Ihe entire produi lion Iwiiig estimated at $3,500,000,000. while the entire export of manufactureroduction amounti^ only to $t)^8,»ir2, or eleven-sixteenth of one per cent, of the entire pi*r>duce of their maniilactures and mout oi this amount evon wuh sent out at u Ums in consouuuuce of the Knglicli and iilier niinMi(arttiitv4, wlirt had im |)n)lef to MiMiain them. Lot um tnko a^ain tlio wooli(Mi tnniiiUiu't nil's oftiu' Unit<(| Stntt«s Th»>y had a |irot('t'tii>ii ofhoinothin^ liUo (»i> imt <'»'nt. ilnoiigli flu! jfn'ntor |M>rii total amonnlur ilii" luce ill IH76 wa»* J 13 1,00(1,0(10, wliilr their «rts utiiy ira.'lio'l I he fl^'iir.' o( Jl(;S5, H'JH. anil at luir fvi"o- iho Hamr limo th<'y were compellwl to admit wooll«r««l ni- I'nun foiviu'ii couMtrioH that Ihoir |irot«>fMon did riol niiahif them to niaiiiithcttin< tluMMfflvci lo tht' extent of 847.HT6.(I').'>. In 1^7'> 'ho D«iito'l .St*l«>-^ in iMiiCactiirerH ofiloihitiir inivio ulti»ijothef ;^ood>( to tlio valiui oC|1(»0,000,0 , and thiy oxport<'d allo;j<)ih»»r $r)7'.),ft!)5 worlli, .>r almost oxa-tly onothird of <>iii» por i-eiit. of ilioir tot il piiwliirt. To ncli a Htnte won' the maim'iu tui\'i-s of the Unite I Slates rodufod that .li»;v w< 10 iitleily iin\hle lo xend a pirti^rle aim tst of thou* whole »r»lu'i to I ipoif^ii (>oiinlri»>s, while Kii:,'land and other ei>iintri<'!H whieli had eithor ontiro Free ifj^kt *" n Hevenno T-iritl', wore able to head their us lo Artia, lo the WcHt liulion, to tho South Ameti<'nn !;■ piiijlics, to Africa, to the K.umii;;lit into tho eounlry — iireveiifef any forei:;n hlii|iM from ' arrying any jK)rtion ot tin* prtxliieo ^f (iieal Britain (•<•ils(wi^e. Tliere is no (J.mbt tli.Tt wiienever a proteelivo system is ad<>j»t«'d it will tor a time increa-o the pr<)rs who will have ho greatly inererjsod the prodiulion (»f ihu eoiintry. In the Unitwl States*, when the i.-irilFof IS(!1 wa-^ ndoptcd, the onliro value of the,producls in manufaelnres was al)out IU6 per head ; luit in l!S70 in ton voni's of a protective system, the aniuial av^-nii^^e had increase*! to hIiohI $l'2S per head, or vor}' nearly .sus in the United States wivs 7,114 (MM), but in 1874 it had iiici* wed to 0,4l.').;{8;5, or in the ratio of Xi per cent, duriiii; these four years, wliiie the po|iula- ti'in I ud only incroa.-(*d II |K'r cent. You \\ ill ob'r the reason that it cost 8Cv much in the United Slates to produce what lh<\v weie makinj;. When they ship|>o>i less than 800 iron blast furna«4w in operation. Al the present lime more than one half of thef*- bhiHt liiinaces are if natiira and commercial intercourse by seekiii/j: to s*dl where (hev ret'usod to buy; they wore .hip|)y lor a few years spend^inti the enormous sums liMrrow«>d lur the war, but the money and the taise s\stem came to an eiitl t*»jrethcr. (lioar, hear.) And ho it would In- in t'atiada if we were all willing to tax oui*Kelvos over and uIk)vo what wiw nocoHKary for revenue purposes for the promotion of the intop'st of certuin manufacturers; wo would moiely "uccewi :ii making a few manufacturei-s wealthy for a few years at the expense of the rest of the [teople, and so many would rush into business that the makei*s would pnwlin'e more than could \n- sold. It would Ite priKluco*! al .-•uch an enormou.'^ cost that they wouM U' unable to send any out of the country, ami in such lart;e quantities that we would be unable to use it in tho country. In a short time, therefore, raaiuiliictuierH would have (<> shut up their shops. Universal ruin to manufiK-turcrs thcm.selves would be the inevTlable result or rent .the prfiliUMng cHpucily, iiH 1 liavu ulmaily hIihwii, iiK'i't)il tlmiii^ tlK< sitinv |ii>i'i(N| in a niiu-h lar^or rutin. In 187<», altor (ificcu yrarn i>i' jiroU>tti(>ii, tho I'liiU'd StHU'« wcro no! uhlo to oxpurt ^i)0(1m fo n ffii-uU'r cxioiit Uiitn in IHlid, witlnoU icyaiil l<» tlif itopiilalinn, und their cxpcirtulinn n'lativoly tliu populalioii. Tim i>x|xiit of rottou piort* ><;(uhU ii IHGO Ainoiiiiiixl to nearly $1 l.OOO.ttoQ, hut in IB70, with a |iopiilatinn of ncaily n\\<'<^\\ niillioim riiorc, and with u pioU-iiivo syhtom whioh ih flaiiiM-d l»y our pl•ol«'^•lifMli^t frieiiilH to h« tho nicaun of uniuhiu^ a '.•niuitry, they were onlv nl»lo to t-xTtort t»evon and ihjvp- (|in«rlfr millicniM, an alwduto d«)r.i\aHe in tin' t'X|xir(ati<>n i>f((no of their staple iniiniifaetiuv-^of Sft per erut., bcsidoH tho relative dcK'ioaMe as ennijiari'|'iil!ition. (Il*>ar, hour.) N<»w, eonid uuy f;i«t he ui"io darnniuj; us to tho iidlnonre of a pmleelive M^>I"n1 \i|M)n tho tn-udc of u Ooniitry T (Hear, hear.) (A Voieo — "That is not eau^ed hy proleetioiK") Well, I (tan only hiiv that all thu |ioliticul ecoiMnuNtii mlinit it Ih cuiimmI by protect ion, (ellcvl'l^) I ean only say thai il is cau^d l>y sonietliimj, an«l they have pruleeiiou there wliile thei'o Im no protect ion in Fiogland. and no one )ji(flenus to as-niijii iiriy'oiliei' r«-a^on f >r the nn- iirtjeedentcd lioprchsion in u protei (ed eountry. (A Voi«'e — " What hai5 i'nn> irade dope for uh?'"' Vfo have never had free truile, and, llit-refure, you eannot tell what il has done f«>r (jiinada. I have n'lisl liere ol nuiMnlmtnrtHl ^^imrIm (.\porle, iiolwithflnndin;.; tho increase m ]x)]>nlation. This mIiowh the rniiiciiH etTect of a proieciive Cuitf. (Ilivir, he.ir. ) Now I an» no! pretendini; lor a nimnent to say that it woidd he dc'^iral'le or poasihle ibr ns to have wh:il i:. known aa .i free iraile nysteni. Tho (lovernmi.;iit, of wlocli I um a niendn-r, is accused of havin.:: a free trade policy, whereas the lact in thai the nece.Hj.iliai of our revenue eomperiis to imiM^e a higher ilni} than was inijvii'efl hy the fn-evious Ailinini^tration ; in other words, we have 17A per one iiUle .Stale in Sonih Ariu-rica, Vonezui'la, as an 'llu- Ihey adniitled cotVee free of tluiy into the I'nifed .Slates, and they hiul hides free also, and tho result uas an inunedijUs increase in ihe trade in these articK'-'. In 187'» the inijiorls alone iVoin Venezeula were »»f tho value of 8r>,s!7n.(i(»t>, and the exjK»rts, 8H,4l.'4,(iii(>, or an inweave of '2(10 per cent. -UH compared wiili lS7t). Then in \^~'2 llurc was n siill further proof of Ihe henofn iai elfeds of a leduclinn of duties from llie |)rotectioidst sianchird. In ]S70 the enfiic lii|i|iin^' Irade with Vemzeiila, amounted lo tifleeii vessels of only 2,. 570 tcuis caj)acity, and employing only lOlMiands. In IS7<>, alter oidy four years of comparu'ive free? tiatle, the idii|>H liiini the l'nile0I) in tiiesann' periinl, ;inii employing 1,'_'55 hands as iv^aiusl 10!). ,\nolher still nnu'c conelusi-.e argunn-nl, however, is to be Ibuiid in the liguics it'laling to tin mannlUcture .ind tin export of .anneil leather. In 1.S72 hides were made free, and in that year the entire e.\[iorls of iioinrd leather I'rom the United .*st«les amounted to $2,8ni.(lii0, while in I S7(i, after loin- yearn of free trade in 'hiHom* article, ihev ha fair years In-fore. Nothing e(»uM show more cl.nrly than this tliu heneli" i:il elinis of removing ihe resli ictioii- fi-inn trade. Now, sir, f giMwIs its people are able to consume themselves. It is siippo.sitl, lor iiiHtanee, by man,i' that (Ireai liritain lives enlirely by her tbieign trade, wlide the tnosi recent fin.incial siulboiilies in Ihitain compute l\w entire protil of British prodm ors and c:ipit:ilisis at .tl. |0(t,l)ll(l,(K'() per annum — that is, the protitrt arising lioin tho interest ,()liO,IHKi Now, sir, the IJnitwi States exporUition in 1^75-1) altogether of domestic produce \vnn $525,5S2,247 gold worth, or an average ;«/• iiijiifit ol Sl;5.Slt. Canada exported during that same year, with less thnn an eleventh of their ]M)pulali(>n, $72,4!*1,4;»7 worth, or an iiveragc rate ol $18.48 per hejul, against $13.Sl> per head in the Unitetl hjlates. (Cheers.) And to .show that this wa« not at all an oxeojdional ywir, let us take the next year, viz., 1S7G-7,, when the exjtorlH from Can:Kla had bomewhut deereased, and the exports fi-om the United .States hud tt Sfi liin«<:ii'fi alwayi* a triio iiM*tii4iu'«' nt' tlio pr»-<|M'ritv •>• «* mnnlrv ; «>» iIm' coiiliMrv, ii may a truf iiidifauoii <>| ilr< ctiiiiiimMuil 'linlivitH. A rHrni«*r wiiu in ilm.v Nullini; more ^^^ hU*->t(M-k liiaii lio tan wull I wilh. :iii liiniiniHini* th*> (inHluclivo jMiWi^r ol'liiii f'at-n)*, fur nmiant-f, il lio li t » In iii> V. itii tivo liiiiv.'-. vvlial III' ri>4|nirt>M nix lo tin {ir()|M'ily. in onli'i' (liiti in- may xoil liiv }i\'b IM pay iiit*iv-t '>iit'rity. Wtjil. hir, tin' rnilfl .">ihI>h tlnriii!^ liio yt-ur I'liilin/.' •Iiini- MO, KtT. fxporiwl ofiitniifsUf pnMlufiD.hn ;fiil(i valiif, 8.')h'.),t!20/^:i!4 wmili, tn' at an avi'iajri' \ty;r In'inl }l »l2.t>5; ('unntla t'Xihuiitl duiiiiu; lliai yt-ar — anti ym all ivnifinl'ti- llial lln« year lfJ7(!-7 waw ;.M' of MJ'isf unt'xan>|ili'Np(iri.H at ilu' niif nt i't.Vi p«'r lu-ad. (C.'liei'i'w. ) (A vt»ic»»- * ll l)uy?"') Wtt Ixiiijflii nolliini; ut« liavi- iidi li.eii alilc l<» pay lor. ( flt-ar. liw»r.) 1 liavo a laMt^ • nliMwin^f llio fiilirt' t'SpM-ts of inaniitaiiiiitcl umnh fnun llitj^'ai IMi<» tt> llif yt-ju |,s7(i iKmi J!:.' IJnilotl StutoH. riu'v t'xjMiiit'tl in lltiil y.u", w|ii«n ihoy liHti'tiiiiy a n'V.tni« (anil sui-ii n-i mv |i:)vu now — that io in 1><(>0 — witli a |)<>pnlati(tii of little ovit ihiri3-. or ua : ;u Iv n.* po.->»il>lu 9Hi per hoad Now. it wan a.->-<«"'tiMl t iiat willi pnt.fi'iiijn u> <)nal>l< ni:ii|^tai-iiir< I'm '> . lompli-tn a ct)ni|tlftc f^tal>li-l' ilic t-oiinti-y wmild Ui • iiifioMHt'd that liu'V wonlil Iw Hl)lf to llooti rnri'ii,'n markelH willi iIump pi'otliifti Wfll, nir, wliai .iiH tlif rt'snli .' In lh7», alii'r tt;ii yoar-^ ot a prt»itiiiui-it) 97.<>7 per iuiad, so that Hf pi-olii-lioii advaiioo*! th, and continiioiir' Hta.riiation of bn^^itu-s^ tt'i I, aiiU lli« uuiniiliuiiut'.-. ot tlii« L iiiloi Sialew wi;rt' tunipfllod to st-ll at any priiio- wlin-li tixiltl It^ .•oaiiztvi — wlii'ii thuy Wfif oonipt'll««t i lie t>xpori of jviiiiil'acliiittl j) tiiiH coniitrN' and Jul t oilier ftnintrit?.-* at jiricfs far ln'iow ilii'ir valm*, li only ivin In-*! SI l.liO , wliilt* in liw ('aiimlii lp ;h.it ha mo year wi' » rii«Mi to the |K>Miion I now oix'upy tioin • uinkt* tif tliu workiii;r|iinn. 1 liavi> dmu* my full Hhavv tit tlic I aril work of tins worlil. I Mt'is ) Hut I would 1)0 .•'orry indt-ftl to >.'(• anjoiiy-'l my lellow-e-oiinirvmuii • would irdi ri> ilit'tn lo ;■ fpl a ^y^I<•rn wli. li ••ciild oidy ro-idt in . /'^aiy and KM'tdom. (( 'LctirH, ) Wliattloi-.s it mailer i<> you workiiuiUfn \\ iietlior you aie in miIi- • ;nm to~(W)mt> tyrant who iIoIpm oim to you what In- piea>.eM hm wa^ts, or wi.etliei' you wrt' nndttr • lyranny of law-* wlii'-li pit'soiit you I'liyimr wlit'if you |)ltvi-><' and M'IIi?ii{ wl)"i-t* yuu liive'i* ■ ''<'"'i>..) Tluii is lilt' |)oiiii we liavo to cntnt' \o. What w.u* ilu^ fMndi|,ion of ihc woflliiifxnK'.n iiiiiiff llii« peiitHl oi wliic-h I liavt> wlriven to j^ivo you a l>rief lii-tory, iilii^ti-iitetl hy ti^iiion |\ iiivh tannot Lkj t-t)ntrovt'rttvJ '{ iSii-, the workinj;niau .- wutros undoulitttily io^n, and takinir ilie l^i'niire waires of alniut twenty f|iuiii| to the In'Oiiriiiir inuii. Hut, >-\r, with tlin rate of wair«?s the piice se in a -till iii^^ior •;ii' f Hoar, hear) Ilonta ros« in a siill iiiirlusr la'.o; everyihiiiif thnt ir wa-> in'<-<'>t>ai-y for " wiirkin^man to hav* — o\ei-,vlhin<; thai was conducive to his health and livtlihoo I — ro>e in pfop'iftion tif !>- per eont. nn ayaiust the UO per eenl . that wuijes rose. ( Hear, hear. ) It thaw ' lualler to ytai or nie \\hi'lht'i- 'Mir WHgps are mlollnr or a shillinf^, if tla- pfice of coitiniivdiiiert • ' -i|)onil. Why, sir. 151) years .ii;,! a sinliinir wonid ^'o further in Kui^land than two will now, ^nd ii'it took 81 H2 to Imywhai oiiiy $\ tiO was j/iven to pinrlia.se. lh<- lalmmiiit,' iiinn.asyMU will ■e. was hi 4'sT'J ''-'^ per veiii. worse ntllhaii he was hefore the prorct-tion era loiuineiiced. liul iiMi i(4 the Htate of muttera now? From 1870 down to 1S77 ilioie haa l»eoii a Htemly deelinaliiie \' ;iijes in the Unilcd States, and nt this moment the Ignited Slates lahoiiier an I artisan ^cIh - waj^es than the Canadian !ahourt-r and arti>a:i — jH>-iiively less in am iiiiit, and very (kr letw 'I :iie purel)asiii<' power of that unioiint. if you de.-ire to protect a jiariicular inilustry, you iiisi. either pit»let-l all other indMstiics at the same time, or you take a Courf-e uujiisi lo the ptjo- le; ami, if you protect all imliistries alike, that im^ans raising priees univer>ally, but not niakin>< iie ]>t>i>j,K. om> whit hetter. If. lor instance, I have logo to tlie huleher and May iiim 15 eeiit.s t -.vhai I l»fe for ten, what d oen it henelit me if my w.;ijeH a. .".t:. cents an hour lire? UejX'nd iijion it, the be»t policy for any country in oiid under which you ; -0 Him[>!y the amount of taxes that is ncopHs.'iry to tarry on the ntl'atr!* of the '..lie; not ono whitjh ret^uires the oomiminity lo pay taxes lo any member of it, but one whu-h nmktvH ())«> lotintrv nn clionp n coiinii^' iix you i-iiri liv« in. CHoar, lioar.) For it in whore tbero in H <'hoii|i livi'liliMtxl t°Mi' tlio wH|Mtroai«. Mir, (Im'Ho K<incn h|><ui iii*liiMlrioH Wlml (Iih'm prot! ilic woiUintfnmn ihoso who nr*' ibuH oiainoiii'iii;^ In i[v\ yon lo nut your lucks in iho 'ii(hh««>, iiml to iifcopt it itoiity wliich wonlil \>v> ult«frl\ fulal to yonv hn|)|iiii«vfM aixi pviwiMirily, uixl to Ihtt wi-iniri' uimI piimperity of lii«> iwuiilr>', o| whi<'li rvfi'v workinmniut it* ik uiiii. (Clict'iH ) Now, hIi-, !t't hh Ijik" it i^Ihiu'm hi tht< ctrfct (>*' ovt'ii llii> t'MMliiii; tai'iti tiiMUi tlif |)i'4 o| tho rountry. Yiiii; lakiMi a-< lh«< aullio rity, tlit>valiU! of ih«.< InhiIm and shoos mitiiurat'tui(Ml''iM Cnnailn in lH7lt wu-* I Itj, !.'<.'{, «i:{H. Now HIV. in IJ'TH-? lh«'ro woro ini|M>;'i«'iho«'>« i>\' wviv hind onlv $.'102S,<>71 worMi. or I<-.hn than tho Iif1ii oj iho i-ounlr). Mm ihcii wo actiiuliy oxporUsi from Iho counti) in that year Sl'-">.7n^ worth nl' InmiIm tii.d hhoon, loiiv. in;i « ditt'i'rurK'v ormily llll.'t.lMII liolwoon our iinporlH and t'Np'U'lM ol' llial arlii lt>. Now, how inuub is tliin do you think, iiinon*; th«> cnliri' |>opiilaiion ot tiu- country ? It in ihc inorohl iMtMii- l>l« fraction, or o\ucl|y two n'iil> and f, a ni.inuiactiirt'r <»f lurnituro. in now in iho tiold U'* a |>oliti>'al iandiay ono wiuij which would jitr iijxin \\\n h'olin;^ in Mpcaliink; of any maitcr all'octin;; tho poliiicul |N>.-SO, whiU' wc e.xportcd fit;!, !><•«> worlh. leaving a total difltMiMico iMdwt^i'ii oiii <-\porl,s «ij fui niiuio ane imported for |«o'ticul ir n>iw. liOt iih consider other hran< lies -the slove trado, for in.stanrr. • Any of you who l:now who the Hlovi-makerH of ( 'aM;i"l;i are. any of you who ehoi).«,e to vi^il tlu" MWt i-lahlishnu-nu of Mi- (Jui'im-v nnd othor manulactiiurs, will he i-low to helieve liint lhe\ are purhuin;? a very ruinous Iraih 1 roeollwl that, in 1H74. when the larifl' wan rovi.sod, having repculAHl inU'rview.s with many o| thoHe inanafaetnreiH. 'Ph<rovinL; the ncieliinerv lor ihe carryin;; on of their ni.'tiiiit n- lories, and they wished foi' ]>roleciion to iMialile ihem to ■.rod out what woidd hv an inlciior article at an incroii-ed cost lu the people. Now. 1 say that the position of Mr. liny and N!r iturney. and. troneraliy speakintr, of the nianufiiciurers of the «oiintry is luit one of isolation from prolit. When 1 find lliat men wfio conimeTiiod lii'e much loss (li:in half a •-entury ;iiro now romit their ;;ains and their properties hy hundreds ot thous.inds, I ;ini .slow to hclievt- that the fiusire.is that, tliey have l>e«'n following is ji ruinous one. ( Hear. hear, and ilieeiis. ) With regard i.' I he munulaclure of IkmiU and shois, i ii.nve ihe wonl of some of the manufacturers of those arli<.'««v that they do not want any more protection, so tiuit Iradiinr dishonest psunipiion (\ oice ; "' Not a hit ! " ) i am aw)»ic llo't, some lar>;e maiMiliiclureis have, wiilon ihi* last l'"W yt-ars, failed in hnsint'ss, hiii lheydi«l n(»t fail hecaiiso their projier hiisinesH wiw no| payin;;. If Ihe manutai.'turer invents in rt-al estate when It is at 81 a foot, and has |o sell if aHerwards at lifiy or si.\ty «-cnts a ft, aii allrihuti>f individuals , 1 kn^w the facl.'i, atid I t'ould put my tin.i^ers upon tiie names of j^entlenion who.^e e::periencoH 1 liavo jnst indi'-ated. Then' is not at this moment a hoot aidl s|ioc niakoi who will !»<• ahle to show lo the counlry — it IH im|M)ssihle to show it — that he is not well ]iaid i'or his capital, it caniiol heolli'MwiKe, h •e;iiMo out oi' the catirc; eoiisumj)ti'in uf tin* counlry in I'oolsand shofs we don'l ini|H)rt more than onctift '■ thini, i>r one lifly-tiairlh part, jiikI (hat slu-ws ihal they arealdo to derivu protii from ilicir husi- ncHH. i do not at all mean to say that it would not. he possihle to emc-t laws to make us puy more Idi' our hoois and shotis than wc are payinij now, and to mnke the riuumfaeturers of I. »>|s aud uhoort better oil'; tiiat coiiM easily he |>l' iHolnlion trnin :llC<> HOW rnimf >)' llioHo arli4.'"s |l iitii iiwiti't' tlxM; flicy 'vlion UIIm ill Ills lit los MIITOIHulillli; Iv (iiu> In' know. -I lllic thct.'t, ti!ul I Just iiidraliMl. lit' loiinUy — it ■"IwIro, h 'cajHO |<' (hull oiK'fit't f^- lioiii liit'ir i>ii.si- |tiir<'iN oC li >ots iiinmiliicliirei, ?«>Miih in injury to tliu rnnntithctinnrti. Tnk<> itnolli«>i- ilhioiralion Von liavo lirnKi ofidc ruitioim . rtWtfi utn nroti'Olivi' policy ii|m>ii tli«< cotton inillH ot'tlic ('nit«<4l HliiicH In 1H74 a, tlio tiifit your of our nxlHtintf tHrilT, tltc entire ini|H)i-tiiiioii of McaclictI aii I ,i4UH.H6 1 . No« , I lia|i|N-ri to Know that nianiiliK'ttir*>i> ot coMori am nl>l< to ni;iko a lair piotit a U'llor |tro(tt thnM iiiHnntacliirciH of many othti Uin. have \hh'u able to pllI•chH^e in the homo luuiket cheninr Itia'i ihcy ronM ini|*oti. ami |t»y s«'\cntecn Mnd ahull' )entH |HT<1ollar itiily in .I'lilitiuii. Tnis hhowH TiLtt them' niunul'a<*tiiioir< have a tHir ite^n'O of pio- |K'riiy. It may Ihi <>iiito true tliMl it woiilii |i(t (jcHiralle to nee tliein and all otln'r t'ltiAHCM in the country inajte a lettpr pri>flt than th«>y.havv hcen alilc to do, hut -o Ion;; an ihoy roup h rra'>onal)lo prolit in liineN il ji(enoral Iraile (U>pro*«ion no otii> hai* fair ;.'ronnil-» of CMnipluint. Now. th< entire importation <>t cnttim ^ wan a shtiile iinilei tlD.IM^'t.OOU while the entire im|i«)r(a(ioii in 1^77 \ ;»• only a Nh««ht over $7,7r»0,(liMt, or a tleerein t oC iimrly lli,'irM>.(H)ii In inoht ea»»eM when niiUiiitiU'liireiH ot'iollon or weiiiir«< there lian hi>i>n an aticinpt made hy itoniv of ihu tnuniilaclnrerH t" run on nevi'ral irncH of f; know llia< TiBny manii(ath a-^ lo 'n'ii motive power anil the hwatioiiol' their \\oil»«, and in many olherie-<|H'cih which we liav(< not I, I lie tot'onrider, lilmiders wiiieh !>iic.eel we Utuii-ie |H>op|o \ -se lln^^llcc^•^*^t'lli ill CHMit'ii:; or huatiiii; their manul'aeioi Icm. or m eondintiiiij them afterwanln, ihat the counii'V i» Uaind to pay for their want of Hkill, or their |K>i.-i.->lence in piiiHtiin^ ;i (oiirse in cmnnn inin;; their worl.K which every pia< lie d man would (caidcmn. (Hear, hear.) (A Voice — 'What proportion ol cotton cuiiie from the Unite*! SlJileK?") I caniir»t, t4il| exactly where il wa~* imporlel fi-om. hut that in of no con!te<|iieiico. Tlmre i» one <-laMi of colloii ^oinIk im|M>i'ted from Knixhiiid. aiiolhnr i'roni the I'mtoil SlaleH, and nix ther ciasH i« manuliu'fuicd chietly in t'aniida. Von will find that foreii^n maiiulacliireis of cotton tjoodH priwliicc a kind of'aiiieic which it will ii"! pay om- own people to luakc. Im-i ;in-.«( »hey ivould havn to s|mmk1 iIui surno amount of Inhoiir on an inferior cI»mh of ^ooiIh that they now uxp'itid on Mip<'rior ^fi/uls. 1 meridy ;rive the result o' theliiili' in \in lieali'-n of the ixisiiion I have taken — that the tnrilT we Irive ik a vry reuMonaMf lantF lor all inanufiwiiireH and a Mtmewhat onurouH one in the prices whici ii invcdvcs to all liio '•oii^nmcrH. It caniiot he denie I that if eonf*umers olihiH country pay I7i k'hIk for every iloiiai'.^i worth they |)iir<'liii^;h indeeil I', tho |»rolt'rlion to the maiiufacimer of evorv xiiifjie cIjwh of ^fKxI.'* in this country. (Hear, l.ear. ) Now. ^ir, I may .h.-iv that if tlio United Siatei is to he lid^i-n aH a fair exarapl'of a dt'liherately .-itiopted a^ a matter of , I iiiciple a pr(»leini; of • lii'ii millh, indeed the tiiilure ol" many of their nianufacturer'* Hut il is saifl • Ii«iok at the num- I .r of failures in Canada." ( 'ailnda niic-t, no docht, suflo; in common with all connlries at a iimo u tien triido is .severeU deiiresse*! over the whole World, hut during the first fjiiarli-r of the present ' .ar the fhilurcH in tht^ UniK-tl Slalen were |i84.(lO0,(»(H» im n^ainst 8'i!'.0(Hi.0n(| it, I>I7»; , whilo wo. had of failures ditrintr the la.st three months, nine millions n^aiiisi 7A millions in |s7(i — siiowint: the piffpiu'tion of failures with the I'nitel States was at least «h lar^'o aH 'i\e pro|>orli '11 of liiiliiics in ('.-inada Now il is slated on th«' other haiital imports am' ex|MtrtH of ditferoi:t claHs<»s of ;.'oo<7.(>i><'^ hikI an o.\|tortation ■«t' |:{,finH,n58. of the importation of j)rodinis of the mine, the chief item— the item which comprises almo.st the whole anioiint^ — was cotil. The im|)<>rtation wa8 972, (!!•'! (ruiH, with a valuation of g.'i.flddjiMHi. Now. 1 W(»iild like to know fi\>m my friend, Mr. Hay, if lie is favourable to a lax ii|k'ii coal — (Hear, hoar) — if he l)clieveH. or if any one U'lievcs, that, .1 i.'tx ii|)on Uie coal wliieh we use lo li^lit our household fires, to k«H>p uu.r munufacl4»rie4 ptint;, and ruD our rail ways and Hteamcnn, is likely to benefit tho indu8trie« of tiiB country? ("No, 10 !ij M! ( no.") Tn addition to this, it is known that ronl is ft ]>rime Tipcc-fasily for our aront nuIwHys, tli(M'r to llu' -(■.•il'o.-iiil, :i/id il would. lliei*<'l'>i«', in tliin vn>*v, ho oiio <;(' tlio most sorion.^ iiiist;ik<'« thai could bf made to ta:c I his mineral i>i-oiinLr ) j\noihi'r |>riniMi»a! itom is iliat of sail. Of lli.-il artiflo wo iniporU'd l;isl your thi.'i> millions oi Imshols. Now wo have vast dcpfi.-its f^f salt in (.'aiiada, and it would no ilouht l>o VKsin-ticial to the Ontario ^aIt pi-oducors to nrohihit tho imporiation of salt, whith comcH to the Maritime i'roviiuvs almost enfindy from Kn-iliind. ihit, on ilie oHkt hand, to do this would be to deprive f)Ui' fishermen of the Mi<>iin>< of elieiiply proervini; the priHhirt of their industry; and wlien I s:iy that our e\- iM'rfi-i of lisii last yeiO' amoiiiittxl to 8."),S74..'jlI0. yon will see that to impose su(d> a duty as would pn-vont the import of salt wotdd only be ruininir one interest by promotinpf another interest. Salt, with oitr fitdiermen and meat eurers, is a raw matci'ial. Of products of the forest there were im)»nneil info Canada last year $1.H2H,07S worth, and wo exported to the amount ol 8li.'V''>'"'-'»^"- l>oes anyone helieve — eaii ;i;iyone in his senses i>elii>ve — that we conld ral-e (he j)rii'e of Inml'er to the liiinl>er dealer hj* imposinir a duly upon an nrtiole that we praciiiallv do not import at all ? (what is imported is in (-pecial qualilies. sueli as walnut and mahogany to Mr. liohert Ifay, and some (■f)mmon lumher for the eonvenionce of locpli'ies near the frontier h.ivintf none of th'^ir own.) The thinsr would be impos^iide. Then let us take aninials and their produce. Of tliose wo imjjortcd last ye'\r, to the amount, altot^eilur, of alxtrtt. siix million.-, and arhalf in round numbers, whde we exported lifteen and adiall' millions, showini; that we were able to export two and n-half tiinc.^ tho amount we imported, and showing; also that ainio-l ' our whole imports of animal.^ and their produets wore merelv broutrht into tho eountr^v ti)r Ilie sake of re-eNpoi'tafioii at the other C'ld of the eountry; and io I'M you see how ludicrous is the proposal to put a protective «Iuty on animals and theii- produetn, I have but to mention that while thorted 150.573 s^heep last year from Ontario to thriee to tho miller, but if it, diit our own pr-tdueers >hou(l re:ip the advantaiio of such prices as could be im|iosetl by the hjvyini;- of a duly «>n foreign breadstutf^. That is, that our buyers of l)re.ad shouiti lie coinptdled to ])ay hiijh {>rieeH or starve. [A>t us shut out these tl)reitrn produc;.-. and s^el as much as we can. by ccui.sumini,' our own. and that is equiv;»',ent to sayimj that as a matter of jiulilic policy it is riicht to t;ix Ihe very bread which the ])'Mir man eats, the coal he burns, and itio oil lie consumes. ( Hear, hear.) I now ic\w you .an exti-aet from a return v,ddoli was not pub- lished Io show what Ihe result of Iri.st yeai's In'rvest was — ilie lirst ijaod harvest we have ha worth of the product s of the farm — that is of <;raiii and tlour — and wo exjiorted diu'iuijf the same ])ciii«l 8l'0,S57.I'17 wottli, or vvvy noarly $HI,(K)I),0()0 more than we importtvl. Now, sir, whr.f was thi.-- usofl for V Wo in'pf)ii<'d it as a mait^u- of trade, and that trad<' ^ives om|>ioymcnt to our vessels and steamships. VV'o have live .distinct linOH of .steamships sailins; from the jxirt of Montreal to the European ports, while the l;niteuld slo]) that trade. Ifiuloubtedly it would. Tlio placing of a duty on i^ram and flour is much likou man who has made a road to iacilitstte travel lietwoen the place whei'e l.'o lives and the town where he does his marketinj^. and then, forlear he should >^et there loo easily, after the road is t^r.-^ded and levellei- iutt-rpst. foiv*! tliero y amount oj' Id rjii>t' llio •ac'tically do KilioL;niiy to tlio frouliff ike animalx iv, ol" alxtur riN, Klio\vn>ir tiowiti'^ iiiso lit into the on sec how hiivt* ^ut to tlii" I'uito*! And yet ll'.c tax our 15l> ■hoinvclvps. it yc!«f — and iiH wo over pxjiortcd of liat it would m lit' now keep it out hicad liii'V ai'c askiiiij L if il di!iii, have vb to ;i 11 ^« 'c Custom House Ofliccrs at Wiiid-or anil Sarnia, iiml on th«» Wi'liand Can!»l,and at t\w outlotn . tlic ocean, who should suy to those shippi-rs: "You shall not use our avcnuos of trado unless 111 also use our OiisKunhotisos, and ijivo iioiids to us that (he voss«ds will Ivt rtitiiiiiod." 'I'lu-y ■ lid have u> place o!isla«d»'s in (ho way of n triwU; Llmt (Mii|>loys llioiiaiids of our sailors and i-ian.s t'vory year. No u^icater act f»f iiiadiu>ss couhl bt^ perpetrated at a time wIk'Ii we uro \iieiidiiip; 8:i().iMMi,0(lO in |iei'fectinniv systetn of canal navit^idion, than , j;ir tijuie. Tlie Americans luiiied (heir foivi^fii trade iiy ado|tiinLj the pio- •( live systcMU, tnid we are invited to lollow tlieir exaiiipln ! If ihey mean by a jiroteclive system 'i;t we nro to rorttriet our trade ; that we aio to live by ourselves witlioiii. comnioreial intor- ;i!>e with (he te''tionisl friend.', of this d;iY and miincrati KuropOMii jmd \ii-irala>ian trade. (liond cheers.) By llie exertions of the present Adniinistralion we have i.ma^xed duriuLT the last year, by a judicious exhiiiition oi what Canadian industry can do under •nonue tarifi' — to show the |ieople of Australasia that we^ean make Injlter airricnltural 11! lemont.-i. varriajfes, ed'^e tools, and other articles, an• Iter .ship.- than they can; ami \'ibin tlr3 i!i"st si.x" monilis alh-r the '•Ixliibition idofcl we bad exported iiearly half a iiidlion ;oilai*rt worth of our goods to thill iey;ion. (Cheers.) But these srentlemen want uh to us© alt '!■ e ship'^ oiirselves; thoy insist on us, as (.'anadians, consnmini; all ibe (.'anadiunt: make ; they v^l: not allow us to sell unless wo can riad a iiaiion so fool'^li as to buy our <>'oods on our terms !i 1 sell theiis on our term< al.so. Now. sir, you cannot poihibly bin- just as you please and sell you ploiise. The man who trades mut sell before he can buy. Look al the (oily ot tb«> ' iiiieil iStutes in (ids respect. There are tiirce articles, and oiiij' three, I (liink. that, their biritf i' '"hitt-ly ])roli'bit^ tho inijiortalion' of, a:id they are spurious coin, obseene prints and ships. ■id laughter.) 'J'iu'y cla--- lliern ioi;-etlu r :vs (be tbrcf artieles whieb they will not allow on -v account to come into the country. All those who liav»' been in the Iniited ~^lates know (hat '.jreat deal of hpurious coin is imjiorlivl, nevertheless, and niany indecent prints, ■ ■ ' they don't seem to think very much a!)oiit it. But from the time thai (hat !itry adopfed its pi"(>.sent navii^'ali<;n laws there has never been a ship im- ■!<-d into tho I 'idled Stales. Thoj' passeH tlie.-e laws nearly one. bimdred : suj£»o, whou ihoy used to we.-w tho old slouched hats and sm.dl knee breeches of the I'nrilans, i ihey Kcem to have foriifottcn that the world has progressed since thai time. And what is • •• le^ult of I heir foolish policy? At the |iresiiit moment tliero are leaving the poi'tsid'the ■ i'(Nl States for Kiirope nearly IT'il st".imships laden with the proiluce of the country, anw, it is not tbat the ij.^ricans are defcient in niechanieal otVorl or hkill. As a people Ihey are able to make us good . t ■" 51'' 'he Ihitish are. The best proot Hf' tlwit isgivt'i) in die ta<| that belore Mngland repealed fi navigation laws, when (bey w<'re pursuing the old and restrictive bvstem as well as the '^'od States the latti^r werHl Kingdom shiniung. I ilo not know the prt!ci.-e iitleii-nce between them, but my impre»- '!— speaking from reenj lection — is that ;it the time these laws' were rej)eaU;d the United States •• not more than from half a million lo a million t (^uolxxi, NovuScoda, »v Brunswick and Prinec Edward Isl.inil, is fast overhauling the United Slates, and if (bey . si >t in muinlaiiiing their restrictive system it will undmall l">pu!ation and weak in developed resources as .■-be is — will suece«(d in doing so. (Cheers.) . !Ui quite HWXi of one thing, and 1 believe you are, too ; and that is that our friends tho '-ervativc leaders do not mean what their speeches sjeni to indicate on this question. know it is not possil)li' lor any (»ov« rnment that could «'ome into powor in thisi t^ountl•v to jit a |>ro(eclionist policy, for il'yoii pi iiujMiKod as ail' ol H |)i-oti«otivi» chaiactpr munt admit two thin^H. He rnunt admit, in fho firnt j)|«<<>, ilijit tli(« iilii«Ml in to hinp fho llii- fori'lj^ri Inido tVoiu coininij into tho country, t'l'r if lit- docs not hi> will not onlaini' tho marUof ut our niuniifafrtuies li" he stops theso jjoods from oominji; into till' loiiniiy, he muHt admit tliai Ik- al-o slops tlio dutios which aic Icviod on ihcse (fooiis. The fn-Hl time you hear one oflliese i^ciidernen spcakifc^ of impo«ing protective du'.ies, a^k him how iui prop.>->se. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) The Opposition hav." ufterlx failed to cstablisli one single char<;t' which their newspapers and their spi..'kcrf- liave in the most cowai-dly manner in:-iiiuatoen. " Th«; country is not in the .same condition now that it was when these men were in. Protection then did seem to b«> neeossa y, but we thinic, upon the whole, we can get on very comfortably as we are with out it." MIear, hear, and iauolitical man to swerve from the opinion of every Rnglisii states- man at the present day. I do not know an Kiuilish statesman al tliis moinent who w uld go back on the policy which the majmity in txreat Britain were wetuko than to imagine that it was now powsihlc Itw any great party, or any party at all. in (Jreat Riitain, to advowile a return lo a system which, during it^ e.\istenco had retard***! the progress of the country, and against a .system whi(h now H«) eft'ectually firomotos itH industries and general |)ros|)erity. Now, sir, their th»M»ry rtHiiiced to a very finv words is this — in a time of commercial d«'pre.ssion, which we all admit to exint in u tinio wh«n men are p(K>r, the true way to make them rich is to make them pay more taxen. (Hear, and laughter J That is tlie panacea tlml is prescribed for all the ills which the country is stUleriiig. It carries abuurdity un ita face. Nothing could be more ridiculoua to a thouglitM 13 s should l>e ill the fu'Ht I- if lie does ini coraiiifii: iia, a^k hi in s of ovory lestroy our siiino , and 'ontitilhH of no great ijmen. Wo i(t(i us , wo i eniibie ns • it, may he moment in policy by anie time; (Cheei>. ) (nt piii'ijoso. iglo ehai'^fi' *tci1 against lid nliciiate )nK omc be •^iveii them ! ronntry i^ -ri did Moeni •e are willi real, who is said to him. n-oleclion ? id your col- J., how loii^f iaid, " about truth ; their t have some to go to the ous as those act the part vhat did one , to the tarift ■y ? He de entering the iindoiil>leiily diateiy .-iltcf here ti Me. he 1 have -some head in the eanf^. There I ean lie siiid itjlisli Htates- h(t Would je so much the poorer by the wum that it takes to put thin Hystem into operation. (('iie.s of Piine, time ') In pursuing the course we have taken, we have h.'Ki every national and social ■ fisideralion on our side. We are able to point out clearly and <5on protectionist has riiinevl its trade, and there are millioir- of jwople otu (>f cmployinenl :i burden ujx>n the rost of the country. It has depressed their agrioiiltura! industry and liiai- k- iH/iiy with that of the Mollier t'li shijiand the English flag to every poi-t of the worl(• or S'JOO too miicii was jiaid i'»v that Noeitint;- lloti;!. ( Jlear, hear, jvnd lautrli'er.) We found oi, 'the f>tli(.'r band tiwit the leatlor ol' the Opposition gave one of bis triends ?2,5()0 for nothinw (fiear, hear) «)ut of the public ])urse, and wo have never got anything for it up to tho pn-som time, j^nd yet they have tiie etlrontcry to <'onie forward and>;ay thatw(- jmid toouiucli through our valualoi's by !?2l)0 or ^."lOO for this hotel. We do not. b.'ar these li'e'itieiner say that wo had kept tlie secret service fund in our pOH.se-ision (Hear, heiir, and cheers.) We never dcfrauJed the Govornnient out of money that was due to the country by a Railway (>orporatii>u which was (x>ntro|h>d by a political ling. (Ifoar. beitr.) And yet those pHojih; aitenipt to nia.Ue a cry out of sueh mutters iis I have roferrfvl v^) ! Why, sir, it is llie merest tiifling with the workingmeii. (ITeai', hear, and interruptions. ) The^e genilenieii know as well as I do that the attiiinpl. t/o prevent my liuvitig a heai-ing will iv.-euteil clu-eiv The Lil)eral party toughl the battle of respon.sible Government. The Liberal party gave us Mur cipal institutions, and therebj ^lid the fo\nKi;ition of a svsltm of self-govemm !iii. which for artist excellence has not its counterpart in the whole wide world. (<'hoers. ) Why. sir, what ilid one ■ the groat Tory leaders say of these .Municij.)al institutions ? He denounced them as '' Suckii Republics.'' and as a scheme that was to lead this cotmtry into a jiositloi* thnt wculd make it ii possible for it to reimiin in comiettion with the Priti-h F'".nipire ; that to giv;>». All liii;. is owinj: ' the eti'oils— -to the vigourous efforts — to the b.itlle' Ibught by the liilierals half .) conturv a ((.'heeis ) Sir, who does not remeuibcr the day when these same friends of the workingmen si the doors of our I biivtirsity against him.' No one could go to that University unle.'^s he beca.; a subscriber to the Tbirtv-nine Articles and became a member of the Church of Kugland. it w;i monopolized 'by this r)ne denomination, and the seventh of our laud was (le\'f)ti'd to 'i, eslabtisluaent of a dominant Church by the 'I'ory party. It was by the vij^orous doiemiiuatio ami the persevering efforts of the l;iberal party, a vast number of whom belong to that sani Church, th.it the power was wrested fn.in a single denomination, and th.iltiie University was ojter • to every man and upon such terms that the humbl"sl son of the hnndjlest workingman may find "^way to the position which 1 now f)ccupy. ((^heers.) 1 observe you have the uiolto up here tn-nif' " Alexander Mackenzie, a first-chi'-s mechanic." Do yoi: think it wcmld have bci n possib'e for mi clftJjs mechanic in the !2,000 o money Jie contractor obtained from the (iovornment, k-.iving only 8")."»l(t or $t!.0()0 in i>ur hands, and owing $iO,0(M) to the workingnien. An it happened, we had 8i4,otMI in our hands :is security, and we were able to despatch one of our clerks to Montreal from whom everyone ot those workingmcn received his p.iy. (Cheers.) These men and newspapers who make such accusations know also that I compelled some contractors on the ])ublic works to terminate 1 s3'st«'ni some of them had ol'payinif Ihe.r inon l»y giviuL'; ihein ordnrs for <,'()odh — the old Ifiick • ystem — nnd to pay thotn every weok or loitnight in cash iho wlsole of their waijort. Never- iieU'^s 1 am hraiided hy liiono ])e<ial ( Jovevnrnent.s our educ.-itiiMmi > stetn hiw hcon pei'lected to such a dofifrec that t is now eoiife»i,Hedly iho I'oremost system of education in the w.»r!d. (t'hecr.s.) Our voulh can go from the jH-inmry schools to the graded schools, from them to the 'i)llH)fiate Institutes or GrammHr School.^, and from tho^c to tlie Uuivoi'silios, at, a ni«llor tost than in any oiher coui'trv oti the fme of the earth, (('heers.) Our land 'VStem is free. We want no proteclion in i». Any man I'l' ordinary intelliy;encc can go to the •yst(>in is that our workin^nicn — our i'armw!-.-, our farm lahnurers, and a wvy larjre portion of out ;.;»■( huniiw — have a li.>lii uinin .'he soil ; ani' a i)eO])!e in any nation unless tlicy ;iie ahh' to control the possession of the hoU. ((Jlieer.s.) We know that in what after all miglit l.u (iw'«ii.!ted historically the model i-epuMic of the world — thai is the Swiss Coiili'deration --fhiriiig many tetituries, wiiile their |ii)W(!r oC soH-i^overnmont was c.rojt])iiiiC up in)w and then, the land was held by a ompariilively small numlicr oi' proi)! ictors, .mikI np to ji \ovy l:ile penmi in the liisloj'y of the Confederation the land-holders were able to control the IcLri-lation of the rt!.p«M- live c»n tons, and to secure the siipiein.'cy of themselves us rid<'rs. ]t might occ.-i- sionaUy hajiptMi, as ii> some of the Greek repuhlici, that some jKirson should assiune i:nucr the guise of a governor what w;w really a dielatorsliip, or fin oli<;arc!iy was t- lal)lisheut whether tho o;io or tlie olh.'r the secret of their power l.iv in the fact that they commanded the soil of the country. Here it is impossible under our system of subdivision, under our system of assessment .nnd t.ixaii. -,. to have any ^reai landed estates, or to h.ive a system of tenancy which would milit.ite .i5;ainst tlie ascendancy of the people. 1 have only to s;iy, in conclusion, that it i-; a matter of little importance to me personally whether I should be defeated or sustained, but u is a matter of vast impoitance to the interests of the country that the Liberal party to which I belonj^ should be sus- taincfi. It is of v.ist importance to the industtial interests of the country th.U tliey should not be nmrdered. and that the workingniea should not be ruined by a protective policy{hear.hcar, anxl cheers), and I appeal to the working-men olthis city, who, after aH, will aintrol the franchise in the city, to \indi cate their pr)sitioo by suppirtinj; those who g.IX'e th» workiiigmen the practical .ind j^ocial status which at the present time they hold in ("anadi. (Loud cheers.) 1 beg now to ihnnk again the vast majority of this immense audic-nce for listening lo ine s*") piUiently (renewcfi cheers), and I alsb. -iiank the handful of persons who have been indecently trying to disturb the meeting bcc.iuse I know that their conduct to-night will tell in favour of the Liberal party as much as if the meeting Were unanimous. (JTcar, and cheers.) 1 shall n*ver cease while 1 live .md hold a position in the p.ilitical world to feel grateful to the workingmcn of Toronto for the magnificint welcome which diey have given me on this, my visit to their city, and I trnf;t thai the enthusiasm, the good feeling, and the good taste which they have shown will be lenrlered still more manifest by their again re- turning my friend, Mr. Macdonald, to I'arliament, and by their placing at the head ol the poll the other Liberal candidates in the city of Toronto. .At the conclusion of Mr. .Mackenzie's speech, which lasted three hours, iUmost the entire audii^e rose to their feet and continued for some time to wave their hats and give a succession of such loud and hearty cheers aB have seldom been be^rd in Toronto. I f^ <6 The Hon. Mr. MOWAT, whp was received with prolonged cheering, then addrCMcd the meet- ing, after which Mr GEOKGK VKNNFX moved a vote of thankt to the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, coupled with the name of the Hon. Mr. Mowat, far tlie addresses which they had delivered. He regretted the disturbances which a few in.iividuais had been making, but assured the honourable visitor that the noises did not come from any representatives of the working classes, but from those whose in- tereMs were entirely antagonistic. The workingmen of Toronto attended the meeting to listen in a ouiet and orderly manner to the address, aad they had done so They desired \o lie instructed, and tWey were instructed. The public press had expofiod the trick which had beeh attempted to be played ; but like the type on the bogus ticket, >t was too thin, (t'heers.) As workingmen they intended to advance workingmen's arguments in favour of the revenue tariff, and would invite workingmen to discuss the question with them. He concluded by saying that he had n^ doubt that by the time the general elections took pkRMf the majority of those who were so noisy that evenin^^ would have been converted to sound Liberal principles. (Cheers.) Mr. OAKLEY in a few appropriate renarks seconded the resolution. The resolution was put and declared unanimously carried. Hon. Mr. MACKENZIE briefly responded, saying that proud as he. was of the honour which had been conferred upon him, he would feel prouder if in a few weeks time or a few months Mr. John Macdon.ild antl all the l»ber'>' candidates in this city were elected. This was the second tim< he bad had^he honour of adciressing a Toronto audience ; and he assured the interrupters it would not ht the tast, (Cheers,) for he intended to make a busii^ss of it before he was done. (Cheers ) The me«*ting separated after giving three cheers each for the Queen, and the Hon. Messrs. Mackenzie, Mowat, Brown and the Chairman, and it was remarL:able that, so well trained were the noi.sy handful of Tories to hoot in response, to any cheering, that, in consistency with their lip-service loyalty, they hooted when three cheers were given lor the Queen. "'JL- Mia The Largest Cireulatod "Weekly ia the United Ooimties. THE JOB PRINTING DEPARTMENT! Is in the most coinploto state. Po.stej-s, Circulars*, Hills. Aic, piinted in any size and col Office, McDougall's Block, Pitt Street, over Thompson's Drug Shop, 1878. THE GREAT HALF DOLLAR WEE KLY! 1878 The Montreal Weekly Herald, Published Every Thursday in Time for the Afternoon Mails, Contains more Htutling Matter tliati any other Weekly Papt!!- in the Province of Qutjbuc The Clieap««t jind B^ r,t Family, Conituercial, and GcDviral NuwHpiip> Dtilly Edition. Sawd fbr 8peciTO