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Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la demidre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: Ie symbole ^^^ signifie "A SUIVRE". Ie symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to ri()ht and top to bottom, as many frames aa required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Lea cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmte A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lor^iquo Ie document est trcp grand pour etre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd ^ partir da {'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche i droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant Ie nombre d'imflges n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. rata > elure, a 3 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 A S 6 *? ■ I rt-] o CHOLERA; WHENCE IT COMES. WHAT IT IS. HOW IT BEGINS. WHAT CAUSES IT. HOW TO CURE IT. HOW TO I'EEVENT IT. HOW TO MAKE THE BEST OF IT. A^ POPUL^A^R LECTURE, BY AN M. D. ALSO, FOUll OTHER MODES OF CURE, BY EMINENT MEDICAL AUTHORITIES, •'Ohobra will probably come with the Spring, or with the first warm weather." — Dr. Tempeat's Medical lieport, Toronto. TORONTO : PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY Bobertson & Coolc, Printers and Publishers! 18G7. "^'^ NOTE. This Lecture was delivered, almost as it now is printed here, impromptu, in the end of April, 1866, when the Author expected to have to find his living for a time by lecturing through the country. His predictions in regard to the course which Cholera would take have thus far been literally fulfilled. Cholera reached, and as it were, just touched our frontier towns, Colborne Toronto, Stratford, &c. It is now announced by the Health Ofiicer of Toronto that Cholera has been in Toronto jlvo times alreadj/, and may be looked for in the spring or with the first warm weather. The Boards ot Health on the Continent of Europe deprecate, as the Author does, the em- ployment of Hospitals and Quarantine with reference to Cholera. Dr. Aitken, a high medical authority, allows water, as here stated on the Author s own judgment. Dr. Tanner's Treatment is very much the sau.e as that here recommended in general, only the reason of the treatment is here given, and the practice simplified. Dr. Hamlyn's Treatment is very good for the first stage, and Dr. Tanner's for the last; the Author only wishes to moderate the vehemence of the treatment, believing that Hasty Remedies kill more than they cure. As in f.ver, if the Patient cannot tide over the crisis by Caue and Prudence, he never will by having recourse to strong remedies. Men- TAL DEPaESSiON. ca.sed by Bodily Weakness, is the Rockof danger in Cholera. Be steady and reso.u.e in using all gentle precautions and aids .nder the best advice, and the danger will be overcome, it" P^^-^^^; ;"' ^ need not say this advice is for the People, for whose ear the whole Lecture is wholly intended. Toronto, January Ut, 18G7. V OHOLERi^. Cholera is coming. This cannnot reasonably be denied, since we hear again and again how ships are attacked by it while crossing the Sea. This proves sufficiently that there is a current of air by which it is being conveyed along over the sea, and consequently it must shortly reach our shores. No doubt the crowded state of the vessels is a chief predisposing cause, preparing the passengers for becoming its victims, by the depression of the general health, which want of pure air is apt to cause. And though the rate of its approach seems so slow, that should neither lead us to doubt its at length reaching us, nor cause us any wonder ; because we know that the air does not move in a straight course, but like the waters of the Ocean, circles round and round upon itself — like a screw, advancing only a little each round. This year the infection is said to be pursuing a lingering, devious course, even more so than usual. But when I come to explain to you the nature of the disease, you will see that, considering the greater familiarity that we have with it, and the better outlook that has been kept for it, this is just what might be expected. Meantime, knowing the certainty that Cholera ia coming, reaching our border towns this season, and either this season or the next, being carried from these towns as centres to the districts round, it is folly to drive away all thoughts of it, as some would advise us, expecting (as the Os- trich is said to do when it buries its head in the sand, that it will be invisible because it cannot sec) that by denying that Cholera is coming, we shall pre- vent its affecting us. We are told, for example, that in a certain gentleman's house in England, the master ordered that no one in the house should say " Cholera" on pain of being dismissed, and that in consequence no one in that house took Cholera. But then it should be mentioned, as it was at the time, that great care was taken to keep the house clean, and to keep the in- mates from going where Cholera was ; and thus that house escaped as many others did. On the same principle, a certain good woman bad a cow that 6 CHOLERA. ■•»'<. it a cooked s«po„eo, t™ ' f J,^' ^™" "-' P<" " '- POt, threw «"•* in the same pot, ole„,^,a „„, Z ""^- S''° "'«" "'-'ie „ „ie. -0 gave L„ .hoL h ' Z ::''°."^%-''^ "" » -- bed ofstraw, But what had the crook d .Le„e , T'",! 'T °" '"^ "' ''^" - -er! "ad followed this solfoh way „d c 1 '""r '™'" "^ """*• J^"' i*' a" d-dfu, would have hoen t Ir,: 1 't '"'"" ""' '" *»' '--- i-o" '■a™ escaped fro,,, , ,,„„,„ „,„^ "u "'"' "^^ "'""7 °f its inmates would -el and wicked. I do not w Ih t n ' '"' "°^'"'^^- ^"^ P°'i=y - "-■re are two kinds of lear-X 1aT7 ",'"' -""""""^ f^"' »•" beforehand leads to take the or™ •^' "'"' ""'' ^"" ''M'.M.nJ. Fear »"" » if possible to ptve r ; "TT-'T' """"' ""^ "-'»»^ ^-S-- 'bose who are not wiL; Xj JZ "u "', '' ■"™^' ""'™ "> ^«" «" .-ous. Let „, thereforl fear !;, Z'^^ V I '''" ''"''' ^""^'^ ^- c»u.,e to fear afterwards; and Ihis is wW r "f P«='™tion, never have 'b.;-y serious suhjcc-heforetrintodtr"" "''°"""'' '^ ^''"="'"« J^etmojust notice in passion- thit*l,„ j- ' now, in almost everv „„1 J' T ' "'^'""" '" S^-'rally given you just "", — when nature of ps, — and putting side and that the ler Med- an is of Jrate of 2rj and to run J Jolio of Dysentery. And in so far these Remedies arc well cnougli, as they tend to lessen a very troublesome complaint, and one which it is said always precedes or accompanies Asiatic or True Cholcni, laid is even suppo&cd by depressing the general health to predispose to it, that is, nuilio the hody more easily over- come by it. Observe, I am not finding any lault with these prescriptions. T only wish you to understand that they are designed to meet the Diarrhea and Dysentery, and do not cure Cholera, which in my opinion is a totally different disease, and providentially a much rarer one. So tha' if you take my advice you will not, merely because you hear of Diarrlioa and Dysentery around you, or even yourselves have one or both togcihcr, imagine that Asiatic Cholera is raging around you. What then is Cholera ■? Let me first toil you in a way that you will all understand, and you will see at once that it is a totally diffcreot thing from Diarrhea and Di/senieri/, though it may be accompanied by them, or even occasioned by them, as already stated, by their weakening the system and rendering it more liable to be attacked. Cholera then T hdieve, and many others also believe, is a kind of F<-vtr and Ague, not the same thing as ordinary Fever and Ague, but something of the same kind ; and when you have heard its origin, course, and appearance, you will, 1 think, all agree with me. Cholera is commonly believed to rise in ilio great swamps of India The swamps of the Ganges extend some 700 milo:5 in length, by some 200 or 300 miles in breadth. The Indus on this i?ide India is also embedded in swamps, and so are the Rivers on the other side of it, i'urthcr east. From these great Asiatic Swamps, on which the scorching sun beats with intense violence, the Cholera Plague arises in the same way as the Ague Plague rises from the swamps in the Spring in this country, and rose still more severely in early times, when swamps were more numerous and underwcsit greater changes from wet to dry. Now this is supposed to be caused by a kind of living germ produced in this way in the swamps, getting into the blood and poisoning it. For it is a general law of Nature that the decay of living matter produces living germs, as is the case in the fermentation that takes place in making beer and wine and whiskey, myriads of minute plants and animalcules arc produ- ced in the process, and the law 1:^ no doubt universally extending to disease as well as to health. Thus it is true of tlie Potato Disease. I njyself have seen the Potato Disease blight a field in a few hours. A heavy smoky vapour de- scended from the sky, and lighted on the field, becoming visible simply by its 8 CHOLERA. becoming closolj pressed toocthcr-and tho fipM n r , oamo black, and emitted a most ftall s ^nc V; ' "' '°""^''"- ^^- cd, we saw the cloud of animalculo. rln ' r ''"' •^''''" "' ^" approach- w..en we ..„„, .„„„ z^,'::!" ^3 :::,:r, ': •^■■.^" ^'^^^ -^ can see the Wheat Disease »( .,„„.• "r.d noisome. You ftougl. it has „.t y„t been seen. 's„ ^ I Z' ;""' T "" ^"°'™ =»™' 'ure. And in this eonncc.ion it f, 1 ' " ^'"^"^'^ "^ ">» ^™o "«- 3,0«(. .oars .,0 in his in,,: : 'l "^T;,: "•; ^-' =» "-« -ntioned Apollo, the Sun God, at the prayer o hi P i cT ""' °° *'" ''^^'"^ ''^ 1-onl, daughter, began like , wnir. .r' »!"'': ™""° '''° '""^ then extending its ravages a.nong ,"v a e L." «' "* "" °""' """ •orvcd that Cholera bo-in, verv „L .,"""• ^° """ '' ^^'^ boon ob- 0" further o.an,i„ati„; ' °"' " ," ."' "'""^'^ ^'^"'^^ ' I"-'-?" of the Potato Biseaso, C L, !„„ ' ,'"' "" '"" '" ""' --' - - «-' .■cally the descent of vin. e™, i ,'"'" ™ " '="^' ""'"■ -"-^""'y •'"r. !•' ing the hu,nan race, onlv" ^ 2 f '"';7,"" -'"'generally, and attaek- Tl>o ge,.,„s then, thu pro.lu e. ' "', "' "" "^''"-'> "'' "» -"«-• reasons, earried up int! .1 " il '"f f""''' "' ^"<«»' »™ '" «"»"' over land and sea, till they find Til ''7> ' ""''''' "°'' """^ """-^^ ""Sht; and as is believo7ar,;llt '■:,"".:' I" "™' """ '"™ '""^ way into the Hood. They rH I "" "" '""*■ ""^ » '"' "■- "ampyphees, at Alexandria i„E t 1" 'T^" ""' *''™''"° '°''S« '" a' Constantinople, ,yi„, ,ow\:: : J, ^ L':"'''/ '''V""™''^ ^"°' wards to the low.lyi„.> places bv .r,„ , ' ™ "'"y "'»™ on- kinds of low-lying plaies "^ ''" ''""' »"^ "^^ ■""''^7 -ers and all Since this was first written tho Phni i visiting Holland and son, pi te ?""' ^""'"""^ "^""- ■^ondon, New York and o. .e pL! ri^Vd,"'"'""'' '°""-'"'"°" "" "*--«-"yfulisoiriC, You Cholera germ. ' the same na- 3r mentioned le Greeks by ge the loss of 10 asses, and has been ob- 5r! Perhaps 0, as in that liiny day, is and attack- its ravages, c in certain ne onwards tJiere they find their lodge in ampy Nile, move on- ers and all ' nearer — opton and '■ on New y prDduct Fall, and )nly serve und like fected by out, and 5r times, ire most CHOLERA. . 9 destructive in the fine warm weather, as in the mellow autumn, the most sickly season of the year in those countries where it abounds. Hence you can determine plainly the course they will take, the season they prefer, and the places most likely tobcaHacked by them, and hence too the various ways they may come. Sometimes direct, when the flood is large, sometimes when the flood is lower, lodging and lingering in spots peculiarly suited to them. And hence perhaps the reason they are becoming more frequent in their inroads, having learnt, so to speak, instinctively, where they are likely to find abundance of food ; guided like the Birds and the Sharks, by an instinctive scent, to work the will of Providence where they arc required ; for I believe that the wheels of Providence are moved by the laws of nature, as the will of the Great Creator, directing His Angel Powers, in the exercise of His Moral Government. And having thus set before you, the cause and course of the Cholera properly so called, let me describe its appearance. It comes as any other Fever, with uneasiness, headache, uncomfortableness, first; and then suddenly sets in with Chills ; and as these are sometimes very severe, the person becomes blue and sinks into collapse, and then dies. He may how- ever recover from this blue state, either altogether at once, or he may linger on for a time in Typhoid Fever, and from this he may valso recover more or less speedily, or die. This is just the appearance of Fever and Ague, only of a very violent type or character, so that many die in the first, or cold stage, and this is the Cholera properly understood. But if I could make you understand fully the force of this statement, I think I should relieve you from the greatest danger you have to dread, namely; unnecessary fear, of which I believe it is generally admitted, 99 in the 100 of those who dio, perish. But I must guard you against making a very serious mistake, and thereby leaping into the still greater danger of Presumption, Cholera does tak« some in a very violent manner, and the death that follows is so sudden, so awful, that it cannot but justly cause terror, only let your terrors be reason- able, and it will not prove nearly so fatal. Some people will tell you, only don't be afraid. Say to yourself, I will not regard Cholera, and you will bo safe. This is a mistaken idea of the nature of the fear that Cholera pro- duces. When you are actually falling headlong, what good would it do to tell you '' Don't be afraid," if the ground were sinking from beneath your feet, would it do you any good to say '' never mind," The terror of Cholera B n 1.0 CHOLERA. is not common fear or cowardice. It is a sinking of the nervous system, and does not depend on any mere exertion of the will. It is the result eithor of the invasion of the disease, or the influence of sympathy with the general terror of the community. However brave a man may be, and though he riii"ht foel prepared to fight three or four men in open day ; yet even a weak hand laid su.ldcnly on his shoulder, in the dark, would alarm him. As some one said when shoeing the army flying, he also fled ; his Jieart was bold enough but Ills feet ran away with him. U'hcii therefore the sickness is making the attack, or the community arc suff"ering under general depvession, the individ- ual cannot easily bear up, however br^'ve or determined he may bo. Thus, we ;-.rc told that wheu a certain rich man was info)'med by his physician that he was very ill, ar-d if he did not use special care, would die very soon. Eo jumped out of bed, and was determined to go after his business, saying, he had not time to die jast now, he had so much to do; and thereby only hastened his end immediately. So here, courage and determination will 4iot do, means must be found to prevent the attack being successful, or if possible of preventing the community from the spread of panic-terror. You cannot do this by an ignorant denial of the existence of Cholera, which will come whether you expect it or not ; but by a clear knowledge of what is to bo feared, and the prudent use of all just and reasonable 'precautions. There was a time when Ghosts and Bogles were the cause of much terror in the world, this was get over, not by snying there were none, but simply by lacing and examining the real cause of the alarm, and when it was found to be a thini' of no consequence, the idle ievror subsided. So also the eclipses of the Sun and Moon, the Ebb and Flow of the Tides, and the Trade Winds caused great alarm iiU they wore understood, and now they are employed as useful means of aiding human science and industry. Just so let us deal with Chol- era and when we have discovered itri nature and course, and results, we shall not fear unnecessarily, but learn cither to rise it or avoid it. And here I wish you to SCO that Cholera belongreat point as you know with children. When the person becomes Cold and Blue, Warmth is the natural remedy ; Warm Room, Warm Clothes, Warm Poultices of Linseed Meal or any other all over the Breast and Stomach ; Warm Bricxs to the Feet, and towards tho crisis Warm Brandy, to keep up the circulation. But once Brandy is used it requires to be frequently repeated, for some time after the crisis is past, because it evaporates so quickly and i' s - its power. I confess my- self very doubtful of its use, as it is so apt to produce a bad habit, and may do little good. It is not the Brandy's fault however, but tho unwise head that takes it out o£ season and out of measure. A very simple Remedy, generally at hand in this country is Strong Black Tta, not too hot, which will stop the Diarrhea when troublesome. But any such remedy should never be u«!ed needlessly, as it may prove injurious after- wards, if taken in excess. Dysentery is a frequent termination of Diarrhea, and is best dealt with in children, by Luke-warm Water injection j in grown up people, by drinking 16 CHOLF.RA. water, not too cold, ordinary «tcr not iced, ™""°S »f /T^" ^ " Ttron: remedies are reciuired, apply to the Doctor. It .3 bad advrce that pu^ Itronircnredies into unstilful hands, for in their distress people sometrmes flnn't know when to stop. , . . . • L not disposed to give any details which might ceitc the rm^»a.on without aiding the mind to lay tlie horrors thus raised, more secure y after- Tards; and therefore, the last symptom I shall speak of, is what .s called C<,«,;.cand /.-ce-.ato. i^.so/.cr,., and which though dmde '-ppeara^e I Shan speak of in connection, because thoy are inUmate y related m r^ This I wish you to observe is not Co„mon Diari-hca, whrch rs called BrrtisU Cholera. It is I believe, a totally different thing: tl>at is, merely the passmg rapidly oi the food; this is is the passing of the fluids of tl. bo y men- .cLnce of the relaxed state of the vessels, and is common m other debris ating diseases besides Cholera. Now this is what want speml yj^ explain to you, beeuuso you will then understand the real danger of Cholera, namely, th unnatural >crror with which it is accompanied, n the preceding sta!o Cholera, the person becomes coM and Uuc. that is called Con^esUn, teX: the vess'els ar! full, and the current stops, and the blood not passrng through the Lungs properly is not reddened as it ought to bo. Tins stagna- ralso takes phee in severe cases of Fe.er .-.W A,.c. But you know that _ after a time it passes away in a profuse perspiu^tion, and someUmes s.m^y passes away without perspiration to any extent. It is a k.nd ot nrght-ma „ to speak, and It .cna, and pa,UMy dealt with, am persuaded that it would pass away here, also. I believe I have cured some twenty rn the rn- cipient stage by the simplest means. People should not, if possAle, bo raA_ in their attempts to cure all at once. Because since the vessels ate full, and in . manner stopped, what must be the conse,|u=nce of .*„ ienor.^^J .„y violent remedy. The fluid cannot get forw.ard, ft cannot get backward , and if you sqaece the vessels it must oo.e through them, either to the outs.do or to the inside. It does so to the inside here, and this causes ihe A.cc-„(«. dmUrgc. Terror will do this, and so will too violent remedies of any kmd. The pipes are stopped will, half-fro.en fluid, like tarry oil. Hav- .at.enco a little, and the blood will thaw out gradually, and como all right again, and 'sueh is the wonderful econon.y of nature, will resume its course as if no h.ng , had happened. But if you s,iuee.e the tarry liquid through the pipes, it will produce Typhoid Fever and may end fatally. This is so plain that any one may, »« it were, see it. Use .therefore thawing remedies .anUornk, a, tar CHOLERA. 17 og. If hat puts metimes Lgination ly after- is called pearance, a nature, i British 9 passing y in con- er debili- ecially to f Cholera, preceding Congestion, ot passing lis stagna- know that lies simply ' light-mare, led that it 1^ in the in- le, bo rash. •0 full, and error, or of backward ; the outside J Eicc-xoater )f any kind, p natieuco a t again, and i if nothing pipes, it will hat any one omhji as far ! and as fast as the person can boar them, and the disturbance will probably pass away in peace, and leave the person well i-.-ain. Hence some propose Warm Baths, and Diaphoretics, and these may do good in some cases. But they would require to be very cautiously used, el^e the effusion of fluid may be increased, and it will not help much to send the fluid to the outside, instead of the inside, which I believe was the case in old times, under the name of Plague, when the party became black outside instead of inside; and this was probably owing to their different manner of living. And I may just notice here, in passing, that I believe the Cholera Plague is new only as regards its form, and not as regards its origin or nature; since it is described by the Poet Shakespeure, one of the best observers of natuie, in a manner exactly suited to the action of Cholera, now :— ITS EFFECT Holds such an enmity with blood of man That, swift as quicksilver, it courses throu"h The natural gates and alleys of the body ; And, with a sudden vigor, it doth posset And curd, like eager droppings into milk, The thin und wholesome blood. Referring to ; ..me poison wh'leli would act like the dreadful Plague that used to desolate the countries of Europe, under the name of Grqtcs in the Guts, &c. But it is not my business to say more hero than just serves my present purpose, which is to guard against Violent ]kmedios, which have been tried and failed, because they were nnsuited to the nature of the disease. What then would I under these circnmstiinocs rdvi^c; grst of all, bewaro of a Fahe Fear. But some uiU will say, did not you tell us that if a man feels himself fldliug he cannot help his fear; and that if ho feels the ground giving way beneath his feot, he cannot prevent his terror; and that if a man feels himself in the clutches of a secret and deadly foe, lie cannot help being afraid. True, but he can prevent the causes of his fear, if he would take advice, and use due care in time. And we can remove the physical causes that prepare the way for Cholera, and give it much of its force, Ho cannot perhaps remove the great Indian, and other great Swampy, though that may be remedied in time. But every man can clear away the swamp at his own door. And hence the cleaning and draining, and purifying of the houses and streets, is a wise precaution. And the regulation of the J>iot, as to quantity and quality of the food, and ( 18 CHOLERA. to compel hi. Landlord to eleausc and puufy 1«. ^^^^^^_^^ j^.___^ ^^ (,,„. landlords ^viU bo quite read, o as^ m J ^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^„„g eoal is the best and cheapest '''-"f^';'" ;^^,';^;„^,, ,„,„„,u-e. It is of great ,„eans are sickening of *™- "'^^^ , " n " «et; and every eare should i,„„ortanee to keep the a,r ^^S^^^ ^f P-^^'^' ^ '" ^ ".% ^ he taken for tins purpose Ihe H ^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ,^,^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^,^ , nation, «ith trees around l, at son ^_^^^^ ^_^^^^^ ^^^ ^,1 „„a fra,rant, and the ,K. should . » ed^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^.^^^^ foulness. How can any one be wen ^^ ^^^ -g^^ Iday. Keep the body also e^a,^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ,,. eretion and moderation lu ^.^^^^^^^ .„a Ue,ular Habits P™™- ^ '^^ f. Secondary physical causes of the S„,secoudly,hecanh ip to jevnov ^^^^^^^^ .,,„,a„cd, so that the disease. The poor n.nst bo ho^^=*' ,„ „ .,,, ,„oote (en- Cholera may not by begtnn.ng .-th tb -e a ^^ ^^ .^^ ^_^ ^^^^ .,„„., ultimately set the ,^>ole c n la^. ^^^^^ .^ ^^^^.^^^ ^,^ „„rsel,esalo„e,i we«otnd be sA a ^^^ ^.__^^^^^^ ^^ .,^ ^^^.^„^^_ outbreak of the ,(.«««<■, tor it gro^^v ^ .^^^^ .^eck it at the „. are does. And if we «"'*;.''^"';;';,'; ^f • ,„eo called BUir..>an, in outset. Once .hen I was teae htng at a b nt^fu^ P^_^_^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ _^^.^^^^^_ the County of Kinross, m Scot an P ^ ^^^. ^^ ^^^.^^^^^ ^^.^^^ ,^^,_ hood. In "- School ne.t to us>e di ^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ and cut off a great »-J/ ^ *f ^^ " „ ^he children had the disease, weeks. I" 0"-"""" ^"=t: uw Zr it seetned as nothing. When the ,,ey took the ^^^^^ttZ day or two.and then returned. I Kash came »" * ^ ^^^^ ,„ „,t,,, ,old under my care, than a horne, knew they woula be ^^'^ '*« J „,„„y ^ „„ danger. They be- and I told them not '"^^f "*■;;;"' .j,,,,;^ passed away. A single fatal Ueved me, did as I bade *- ^^ fj;" ,, ..^a.. It is the duty there- case will greatly .ncre^ethmahgo. ^^^^^ , ^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ .^^^ ^^,^„ fore of the Government, and ^^^^ comin. to destroy, by prov.d.ng propety fo the o ^^^ ^^^^_^ ^^^ i„g the nurseries of vice, i»st as none are ....owed - CHOLERA. 19 io a step ind and e povyer 5ve most or Char- er strong of great re should airy sit- air fresh jr, and all poison all be. But ivg. Dis- te Exercise uses of the so that the wooden ten- ink to save prevent the ravages, just ck it at the lairadam, in he neighbor- t gained head, up foi some I the disease, When the I returned. I ^lan at home, 2r. They be- A single fatal ho duty there- lo-ainst Cholera , and suppress- yhere there are shavings or gunpowder. And it is the duty of every member of the community, not only to submit to the regulations of the authorities, but to support them in carrying them into eifect. The Markets, the Fountains, the Houses, the People, should all be placed under inspection and rule. These means are however seldom used effectually, they require the consent and cooperation of too many, and unfortunately most people, like the Mahomet- ans, prefer to bow the head, to shut the eyes, and let the enemy destroy whom it will, rather than put themselves to present trouble. It was so in the Plague of Athens, 2000 years ago; it was so in the Plague of London, 200 years ago ; and it was the case in 1831-2 ; in 1848-9, and I fear it will be so in 1866-7. For like a child sent to wash its own face, the country has only given itself a sJiake and a splash ; and thus matters are retdly not much better arranged to ward off Cholera, than before. But since we cannot control the government or the community, we must protect ourselves the more effectually by — in the third place — preventing the moral causes of Cholera. The great danger in Cholera is terror, and the cause of that terror is the fear of death. The fear of death, some may say ; we have no such fear. But saying and feeling are different things. The fear of death is shown, not only by running away from danger, and crying out in abject cowardice. Some show it by superstition ; some by profanity ; some by drunkenness ; some by extreme abstinence ; some by close attention to busi- ness; some by dissipation and amusement; some by keeping away from the infection, and some by foolhardiness, in exposing themselves to the contagion unnecessarily. All these indicate the same suppressed terror, and all aim at keeping it down by attempting to forget it. But these are vain attempts, as they are miserable means, leaving the man to struggle to the last alone, and BO it may be to pass from death temporal to death eternal. The only true security is to have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ. And it ii my duty as a Minister, my duty as a Doctor, to urge upon every one of you to make your peace with God. For then you will have no cause to fear death any more. Your life will then be spent in s ig God your Saviour, and your decease will only carry you to another and happier world, where you will serve him better, and serve him forever. And if you do thus, be assured you will find that Faith to be the best shield for the Body, as well as for the Soul. If then you die, you will not lose anything. Yon merely rest from your labours, and all your works shall follow you. The Saviour, who receives you to himself, will also take care of all you leave behind joa in the world. 20 CHOLERA. A„a being «... p.pa..-oa »„a -i.-^-^- =';;:: '\r^;l «-. *-r"t ™n id so But after Ion, struggling against the most eminent inedieal ..-en Mid so. a _ _^ speed-.ly recovered I ..pcet < c y .__ ^ ^^^ . ^^^ Faith and //.mWc i''«i/-- - '^ ' ;'=;^__, ^^^,^^,,,3 ^„.,,, ,„,«, and every ruedieal nn.n "S- -tU n. ^ ^^^^ ^^^ __ ^^^^^ ^^_ pUmant „m„«™c... Bn 1 jou . ^^^^^ ^,^_.^^_ ^^^^^^ r ■ "°T';:r:rp 1: ra:::" pi.ysieian, and you .i«n the «».«/.!, .(«V, -s P'<=P"''* y ^.^ preseription, you will have and peaee, and pleasure at once by louow » !■ ^ ^ ^^ by far the best ehanee. ^'^^^^^'f;^ fad^Lm to adopt, the ^r 1:: r reo::: :r^ ::; «„. eo,ne on. to pur., and -::r::r:^etoew....— ^^^ instruction ; it is much needed in this ^ ale 01 te „e„eraUy 1 .t,teof l.ealtli we do not mean sickly people. I'or generally a depressed ate »f ;"'"'■ '^ ,^^ ^„,„t of Cholera. When people speaking. f^^J^^t^l ,„,ay are hardly ever sielc. Now this ^°'"::Ue le Th' Cl.oW;a infection may no doubt get easily inU> VI it™ as easily out, and so does them little harm. But people ,«, th to res^ the — ^ ;';^ --,:, p_„„ „„, ,„.Uh, strong "f 'd Bu if w a to do this, let us keep the body easy, in all its and sound. But .1 we eann , „,,,„,;„„,,, clothing and channels, ^'^^^^^ ^^^^^^ "'* "'^ »— ' '""V' exerc.se. And "'^ " J ^^, ,^;„^_ „ „„ less likely to die ^cX"::: S^trert;rt,t;heir strengL permit, make themselves use i Suited. No one should tempt I'rovidenee, but when duty calls, let "°;":!Ll::selt;L--Cho,era, though the infection is dangerous, is not tor m tue _ J .^ ^^^^^^ . ^^^^^^^ ^ I very oon agrous in iir b y^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ . ::rt„:tr.liVthrough the .r is not stronger in the house than CHOLERA. m. bility be a person n of the ainst the e means, only that jase ; and ease, and lach Rem- th. Take [ find rest, I will have 1 would do adopt, the purify and cproof and wo speak of ir generally ?hen people , Now this b easily into But people ition has not ore difficulty lealth, strong asy, in all its clothing and irance, that if 3 likely to die icmselves use- duty calls, let ngerous, is not ; because, as I h is sometimes ,he house than elsewhere, until the Death Smell sets in ; and even then the infection is not greater than in any dead body, or in Typhoid Fever. The Doctor will tell you to bury the poisonous matter as speedily as possible ; and if you use proper precautions to wash yourselves and keep yourselves clean afterwards, there will be little more than ordinary danger, if you do not yield to usele»» and causeless fear. But I cannot help condemning the system of Quarantine and Hospitals. It is simple cruelty. It heaps up the coals of disease in a great conflagration, and makes it tenfold more fatal, almost certainly destroying those thus shut up in close quarters ; and causing the poison to acquire a virulence which it never would have acquiied of itself. Provide for each case separately, and make no accumulation of the poison, which is one of the chief causes that bring the disease to an acme, as we see in those ships which have brought it to our shores. Let us disperse it, and so destroy it, by division and special care. We shall thus do an act of mercy to the sufferer, and extinguish the flame in its first embers. When the disease attacks anyone, in its early stages, the diet need only be slightly modified, a little medicine taken, and the person should lie flat as much as possible, to give the Diarrhea an opportunity to stop gradually. And water in any form, not too cold, and not warm ; just ordinary water, not iced, or any other liquid may be allowed, as required, in moderation. Water used to be denxd in Fevers, and the poor patient suffered dreadfully. The same mistake is sometimes made here. Don't drink cold water in excess. Better eat something with it, and in all cases be advised. " Keej) the Mind and Body easy." Sleep if you can, and if you cannnot sleep, think on the most pleasant things, and if you cannot think, let your mind wander where it will. Only trust in the Love of God, and be at rest, and you will do well. And finally, how comes it that Cholera comes some years and some years not ? How comes it, I would ask, that Fever and Ague comes sometimes every day, sometimes every second day, or every third day, or every so long ? Because an accumulation of the poison is going on, like a stream running into a reservoir in the hills, with a syphon outlet ; that is, the channel runs over a height. The water runs into the great cistern till it runs over at the outlet, and then the water runs faster out than it runs in, until it falls below the outlet, and then it stops awhile, till the water overflows again; There is such a stream in the South of Scotland. Probably the Cholera germ is a constant element in the air, in greater or less degrees. But sometimes people are able 22 CHOLERA. to resist it, and then it is harmless, jast as the CAoie Damp in the art i. harmless. But at other times the poison accumulates more, or people s con- .titutioDS get more depressed or depraved io some way, and then Cholera breaks out. Now, so far as I have studied the subject. Plague .s a compam n of War and Famine, and of Popuhr Commotio,,, as in 31, 3. i 4», * , •54 '55; and now, '65, '66; showing plainly the connection of puo.shment witlimmoraUty. People become ungodly and arrogant, and then tumu U, war, famine, and plague come upon them ; and thus infidehty, drshones y. opp cssion, nd all kinds of immorality and vice, are the Snal causes th t d.aw down the iurse from the hand of an offended God, letting lose these ev^ angd, upon ungodly and wicked nations. And though good results f-- * " • an'd blesfing follows the curse, yet the punishment .s not ess real, bee use serves to correct men's faults, as well as to avenge God's Just.e . Therefore let us seek to appease God, by humbling ourselves under his mighty hand, and breaking off our sins by righteousness, and our oppressions by showing com- p^'n the poor. And then, should the Plague actually break out, it w. arsloy only a few, and then become a means of securing peace and happiness 1 ml udcs for generations to come. And as the plague that thrcatned to IsltlelU only prepared the place for the noble Temple an peac« rL of Solomon: so then may this Cholera, and its attendant evils, be o.^ theVrhingers of the coming of the Saviour, and the commencement of th. MUlanniil "Rei^VL of Pcace and Glory. tu b^I°then as David did, with a hearty sacrihce to our God not in the lau* r of fed beasts upon an altar of stone, but by showing kin ness to "who are suffering affliction, that we may have a just -Mence towa X ftfV.f.r