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VOYA(;ES, &c VOL. L PFIIL ADELPIUA: PUINTEl) AND PlIHLiaHED BY ADAM WALUIE, 1*0. rt, NORTH EinilTH KTRKET. • I8a3. I CONTENTS. PAGE ^. Lafayette and Louis PiiiLirrE, or History of tlie Events and the Men of July, 1830. lly IJ. Sarrans, Jr., aide-de- camp to Lafayette until the 20th of Decemlwr, 1830. 1 B. Tlie Editor to the Reader — the Publisher to ditto. 33 8. The Gentle Recri'it, a Talc. By the Author of " The Subaltern." 31 4. Sakatoga, a Tale. By the same. 45 (. Editors Notices — Extracts from Sir Richard Phillips' ."Mil- lion of Facts. 00 y. A Family Touk tiihovgii Sol'tii Hollam), up the Rhine. and across the Netherlands. By Lieut. Col. Batty. 07 i. Lives and Exploits of BANDirn axd Rohiierm. By C. Mac Farlane, Esq. 01 Life of Blackueard. 123 Life of Captain Kid. 125 10. Lives of Mary Read and Anne Boime\. 12S r I . Semi-serioi's Observations of ax Italian Exile, durni^ his residence in England. By Count Petchio. 129 %-2. Ediioi's Notices, A:c. 155 if ■^.l. Memoirs OF IIortense BEAtiiAHXAis, Duchess of St. Leu, ) Ex-queen of Holland. Translated iVoin the French ex- * >• JmiiNAL OF A Nobleman; Ikmiii; u iiarrnlivo of his resi- lience at Vienna during the conijrcss. 177 )•">. 'riic Wonders of the Lane. By the smtlior of Corn Law Rhymes. 204 1 1). SoniM'l on Sir Walter Scott's i|uitting Aliliolsford for Naples. IJv ^\'illialll Wordswiirlh. ib, pai.e 17. LetpiOrs of the Late Earl of Chatham, to his nephew. Thomas Pitt, Esi). From the fourth London edition. JO.") 18. Notice of Wacousta. From the London Literary (iazette. 20"* 19. W.vcorsTA, OR, The Prophecy; a Tale of Detroit aii Dr. John Leydeii. .102 BioGHAi'iiRAL Memoir up Dr. John Levdcn. By Sir Walter Scott. ;i(r,> The Mermaid. By Dr. John Leyden. Ode to an Indian (iold Coin. By the same. .Miscellaneous Poetry. By the same. ;ilo 312 ih. 29. 30. WALTiiAM,a Novel; lieing the third volume of the Librarv of Romance. 31.'* Memoirs of Dr. Bihnev. .Vrraiiged from his own iiianii- scripfs, from family pa|)ers. and from personal ret'ollcc lions, by his dauglitiT, IMadiime D'.\rbln\ , author i;. Bv the same. 4l.''i 4|t> m:« sintiEs — VOL. I. i I s wa3:i1d:ii^^s nrn^m^ OJi.'.s; gkw^:^^ mmmj>^'T. V4II,. I. rmi.AiiKi.iMiiA, JAM'AKY i.j, in;j;«. NO. I . I'mNTiP ANii Pi m.iiiiiitn nv MIAM WAI.IHK, CiRfisTiiR utrket, riiii.Aniti.nii* - Ai .J.'i liir .">•.' iinciilwr*, p.nyiililf in iiilvBiic-r. Hoti- Av<'iilH 11 |(" iL (J S UDOll. I'RlMtK. AMI I'l IM.IKIK.H*, N.:W V"KK, il I'lilill-li.i. l.T Hie slBli: 111- >•«■»• Viirk unil all llii' N.» I.MSlliiiil fluli*. 1 I'MKIIVIX S Wlinll U 111 Ilii.iiii-iLl.iKKH, HoTlMiiKi!; t Snif .\L'*'t(tp IMi lilt »Ialc< lit M.iiytrtiiil, Nirjiii fl, ami (.liiln, ;iiirl Uir i ity nl' \'W Olli on, HISTORY OK TIIK lOVKXTS AN'D THB iNlKN ol' JI'liY, IKKt. IIY It. SAURAN.S, JI'N. nr I A'lr tij i.aiaiktts iNTlLTllK-Jliril iik niti tMliKK 1,-30. Pif/'acc to the Jirnl American edition. The fiillowiMg wiirk liy M. Surnins c'lmslitutcs ii |K)r- lioii only of llii' two oolavi) volumes wliiili Imvr just ii|>- (H'liml in rnris uml I.oiulim. 'I'lic orijfinal i» clividi^d iiilo llirii" |>aru; rlic liril is a l)ii)prn|iliy of LaliiyiMIr (irfvioiiH ti) till' liatf 1)1' till- iali; Krrncii Rrvoliitinii, ami IK a iMiiipilntiiiii Iroiii l.'ir History ol' .Vimriia liy Dr. Kamsay, .Marsliall'n lili' of Wn.-liington, \<:. 'I'liis por- lion WT liaic oiiiiltiii, ils contoiits bi'in(j a ri'|H'titiiJli of what niustl hr familial to >■ 'rry riuilcr. Tin.' scromi |)arl " l.afavflle ami laiiii.i IMiilippe iluniig llic Ucvolulion of I.~i;lfl," wi! Iiuvii iiisortril as Uir most valiliililr, con- tiiiiiii); an arciiratf liislory of tin- ncnts it rroord», with iiianv iii'W details not iK'forr inadi- |ml)lir. 'I'lir lliird division nlalrs to tlir |iolitina of I'ralirr, .ind Ihr .stnijrj.'lrs of tin- |ira(u and war parties .sim-c tin- revolulinnwliiili linrliil Cliarlis X. from the throne, and imliidisaii acroinil of the causes wliieli led to Ihe re. -lignalion of the Lallille minislry. It makes tVei|in lit nnd honourahle iiieulioii of l.afuyetle, whom Ihe seeond (Kirtion of Ihe work, now pnlilishrd, follows to Ihe |M'riod of hin re.nicniiig the i.nniinaiid of the Nnlional (iiiards. HiH eondnet in that iin|)(irlanl step is made to ap(Niir strietly in acrordaiiee with lii.i well known priniiples. 'I'lie siihseiniiMil events related ill the work, in « liieli he lias not liecii so pruniiin nlly ejijiaged, form a distinet ^ p»Tiod in lii.liliiiilrv- III* I III' sill ol' A 111' nsl— Still mil 111 .l I'raiiie »il Ihe iiniinint et llir piil'liraliun nl ilir i ri.li.iinii s nl the ^'.'ali <>f Jiilv. luce ISOd, the |M'riod of his reliirii lo Krirre, I. a favett'e had pas.kcil the greater pari of his liiiie on bi.i late of l,a (Jraiige, the inheritanee of his mother-in- law the Duchess d' \yeu, imninlateil on the seall'old of the Ueign of Terror. 'I'he ileeri e which ordained the restitution of the properly of ( oiideiiined pcisons, had restored lo him tital wreck of a hirge palriinony, of which the revolulioiiarj whirlpool had >wallowed up all that he had not himself sacrifiei d to Ihe inleresls nl lils'rty, vvliieh lie was always deteriitliied to serve with his fortune ns well as his lil'e. There, in the hosoiii of Ills numerous fiioily, happy in the happiness which liii paternal care dilftiscs upon all around him, Mirroiiitdi d with frii itds, and rich in tin' blessings of the poor, I, a. fayelte indiilgi d his ruling taste lor ugrieullure, us iiiucli a stranger lo the Tuilcries of the liesloration u» he had lieeii lo those of Ihe Kiiipiri .* I shall not nllempl to di scribe that ancient residence of l,a Orange, opi ii to all Ihi: iiiihappy, and at Ihe don of which iiiisforlniii' in ver knocketl in vaiii. So iiitjii,' palriiits, pliilanlhropisis, fiieiuls of hiinianily, nf allopm ions and all coiinlries, have, like myself, been nealcd at iM.de l.afayelti's firesiile, that the simplicity, Ihe oiMii- hearted liospilnlily, llic coiiliiuial but always silent acit of iHiieliceucc, the progress of agrieiilliiral industry and lomeslic economy, enjoyed so delieiously in that happy abode, are known lo every one: Ihe patriarchal hospil.i- lily of Im (iraiige has heciiine proveibial. I come now to that siiddeii coiiviilsioii of the riaiiic of society, in which we shall see the man of the two worlds showing himsplf, as ho had ever done, no less zealous ill defence of order, than nrdcnl in promoting the liberty nf his eoimlry. Ihit before we follow liiiii in the r.cv.' eaiccr which is opening before, him, let us cast a rapid glance ipon those events so unforeseen and so luumenloiis as lo he beyond all ordinorv rules of comparison. Never had more humiliation and insults inrinined Iha anger nf a people and expanded the feeling of liberty in their breasts. Neither memory nor imnginalion depicts to ine any thing more dishonest, and at Ihe same time absurd, than the fifteen years' reign of those Bnurlions wliom France had envrred with her mercy, and • Chnrlcn X. titieilnfien in ssy, "Thers sre but Ivvn men in the ri'vnliiilKn, (iiifsyriti' and inyH-if, ihsi havn rrnmlni it iiniihsltcn in llieir iMlnriplei." Anil, imlepil, the ri'vnlniinn orjnly has iitl'iiirii'd a Irrsti protit or the Irnnt liy nt* the prlnclplt's of ihntp Iwo rnii ii'iri|vornrti>s. The Insl words, Inn, vvhii'h tlii' fKllen king nildri'niieil 10 ili^ enpiniti of ihrvriwi'l vvlilrli rnrrlcd hini lo FnglnntI, wi-ri', " Il Ih tliRI ettl rrpiihllran l.Hl'ayplli' Unit linit done all thin." b ly. in inithi .1 rhEirni-ii'risilr of thai inmrtigil'lc pnrty. to we unthlni; hiiT Ills nsmfiof iinllvlHiinlii in mnvi mnnisof thp pi ptilm nisnfi i,AF.\YKrrr. A>n i.oi is riiii.irrr. 1 I Iwhtld fiicc more, wilhoul h.iLvd iis wi'liout lovr, sfnti'd] on r'lie of t!io sfixUcst tlinmrs iijinn lartli. Ami il' il w.i-i 111' lirsl tiiiio In thr work! IImI, r.rtir lil.'rn yrr.rr nl' [liitimrr, a iiiilioa 'i.'tliirty-Uvii mllUuns iii' nun, riis. tribiili'd ovir an cxlrnf-ivr trrrilnr ', divrr.>-lfii'd in ticrir nuniK rs, llirir di'sir.'s--, llu'lr laiilt--, (Iji ir vlilni^', :i!iil nlvivc ;.n i!i t'lc di '.Tcs nl" a vc rv u'.icriii.il rivilis.ilinn, havi' llnirvl I'lini-i Ivi s niiiird in iTic nnaniiiifus litlii';; of r':;)rnl>ati.in, il i« Irit jnsl to wiy, that ni vrr, i illnr. w.i.4 t!i:'rc 3C0ii itsi)Vt'ri-iL''n tiiinilv ni'-rr .^^'liri'ims to in.u'» tilt- p'jl.'lic roasc.n, .M.d tu iIIm'Ic u' in ilM If ii nature lai-cijrn to tlio ii;r" of its oxistintN'. llmv niinv ol.it su;K'rlnir!i,in. dit n« n^vrrt to t'.i' pii-icjd of th' (lr*t rc-st.rali'in of tho Hourli.'U-^ : what an aduiirr.lilr .!i ! Fi".Liico, .«ii'.''' .'« Iioui* XVIII. f'lnid it on lii^ return, \v,.;i ra) !.ai_-iT that u iil'.ii, I .sa ileu I y triumph aiul rtv.i- ti.imrv tnovi'rnont, uliii'li the year 17. 3 had le.l sn> pendi^d bol'.va'n tiio so\\ni;;nly of Iho people, wliicli li id nnl yet cojiii- into rsi>lince, nnd the inonirrliial d'V;i.)limn, wiiiiii existed no lonrcr. The spirit of de- niorratie turliul."ui' li id liecn "\|iau>ied liy il.'' own vie. I'lee, r.'puhliiMU radii'ili m liafi hien piidi;ieil in the r.r pi'l in AiTjionts of p puLir opinion ; and the only !'• c'iii!.'.'. t.Tal had rurviwi iiiliie the v^eaKiirys of the llirietory, the deC'.plioi'.s of the Coii^ul-.le, 'uid the c'"' i''-" of tlie Ki.ipive, were, the puiilied h.ve of tlic rif civil wjr, ahoui t j be ercvned, perh.ip?, by tlic r.iviifjes of fe.iei'.'ii Uivasion. II, it in ihi' caie of l!ie Hiurbcui.', \\[.. •' a ditVere.iee! The vaniiy of a lew i:i(iiviilu;.b liU.nbkil, tiio anihiiion of a li'w lii.sapp.iinled, were ali the '.' j-lacle:i v.liieii liiev l:ad to o\ereoiue ; while tui tin other tid" wcic the wliele miral .tienjth of rr,inee, ti:- ft.'eiii: of opiiiiMn, tnd the u.iiversal loiiginj 'or tr.ui- •joiiiily dll:r twenty-uvc ytart- of r.ei!alion. Wlial vri> necess.i.'V It Ik' done, ill order lo ad.ipt linrrty to t'lat ad.nir-jblj dpp'isiticn of the piiMiC ir.ind .' Notl'.i:i'j- more than to espou-e tini.erely the ireuerous priiciplc:- f f a rLVo'.u'.i ju tVoai whicli tlie people had liitlierlo e.\. jjfrjoncc.i ye; more \.a;^,iee tlijU ber.eiit. Ijul, on t!ie cjnirary, v.'h.it "us dou ■ ' No sooiut were they .si'atid on a throne searrei,- yet dry fr.ini tie l)l..o.l of I, ;ni- XVI., Hull toe faii.ily of ihal prine; LcMii to predui c Ijctiens niid paMie iMlanuiies : all the old pn jitdiee^, all the i iteiefil* fouie.'.'d iii i.'rror, rose np ii;.faln in all their in!cl>!nl p.-itension- : a barefaced |>rop:res« \va- coininer.red lowardi ii!l tlic iniqui'liK ot tin- p:ist a'je : euch WJE tlic object of iJl llic nelf, s-ieh tiie cpirll of ,ill Ihc sivjiiiics and nuiin^-s, luut iii.iriicd ilij brief e .i^t- tnce of the tii'st Re-tor \ti./i, Toe u;l-i.e ot ihiaTs hrou.'ii.l al.oul the r»'«ult (\hiel-. flaiii fiiXjil .,ei. '• hill ele.-rly liire.-een. .\ f^kiif appeared up'.r r:itii;i- lieia.elf under b: i iliitalerahip : the IiatiC'll retired I'loin iniri; nnd one day. our' un-iie. iei'n liud hnt him any support. '/'Inw perished li.e turliine m Uontpnrle, as ttlll ever periidi in Krtmce llie work of SuKUhncsM and anibitiin. Wo cunf? now to a ncn' order of or- iiTcncp», of "vliieb it Is le.'i'fs.-iiry lo clmee i;t 111" inojt pr""i;iueiit. ih'se first years of snn;,'uin.iry real li''n and terrorism,] i.nrinrr which the purest blooil of Tranci' flowed u|i..n 'he scatl'old. It is but too will known with how uiany «oin.il;j and chains 'the Bonrhiiii.s tli.n covered our iin- liirtnnnte conirtry; and tlie imaije of the Most I'hrislian K'intr, lil'.i' tlie Saturn of the C'arthai^inians, di'vourini; his < bildrcn, is net so scon lo be eft'aeed from the me- mories of Krenebmen. I will only advert to Ibeixeneriil .iMtiiri s of that extensive plan ot' counter-revolution lo whieh the ordinances of the 2atli of .luly were only u sUppIl 101 i.f. 'I he 1,1.1 blow aimed at the eh irter of lsil 1, an im- pcr'i.et consccrition of the prineiples proclaimeeriimciile\iiiced IIk' b.=. ill .'racr tu the nnd'rstandin' of ll.o crisis, whleb h; scniini ehariieteri'.fies. niol the people were perfuaded that these now re'piired only to be developed. .N'olbioc then ai periled easier thin to confirm onr« Fclvi's in the national courses into which lln' !'(iislaturn and Iho niioistrvhad leliirned. Ibit if the Cltainbern and Iho depo- Inries id' authority W(re sinceie, not so was the court. Cnnstaolly swayed hy one fixed idea, it leid only postponed iista\ourite jirojeet of' coiinter- reviihiiiiiii. Suspieious and di-senibliof, it saw only eiiciiiies in the uiinislers whom the f'oiee of rireiini- ^litnet's alone Tiad imposi d npoii it : oni of the cabinet, councils picv.'.ib'd that parnlvscd their efl'oils, nnd ren- dered their pi iiyrcss iini!"eided anil paintiil. 'Iho ses- sion of It^u'lt passed in new trials of slreii;;tli, in which It w.is c..sy to deleel the conspirneies wbtcb wero lirewitin in SI cref. The prorogation of the ChaieberK lelt the field jree to the i.omitcr-rcvohilion party; and III fact, the (lepnlies had se:ireelv reaelicd their depart- nieiits, when tiie forinalion of the aihiiiiiislralion of the ^lli of Ai:j;ii.-I, pri'iared loo^' be'bre in the street of the Tiiilirie-, struck all Kraeee willi ninazement. .\evrr bad I'riiiice been so basely betiaied, and as .M. dc lle- rciiqer has said, " il was resei ved Jiir our heroic naiioii to receive from its kinjj ninre outrajjes in one day, than anv liircieii povrer had evi r dared to offer her." Nevertheless, in this iiniiiinent dan;;cr, the country lisin.'r into an iiiipesinj; atlitiiile, iiKb^iiantlv and con- rayeously confnmted the impious faeiion lo m hosB hands its desiinies had just been cmuniilled. A uni- versiil an.atbema was proiinimced a'jainsl this reviving wiioration of favourites, mistresses, and llallciera, which had fastened upon power. Then, public opin- ion reviewed one by one the members of' the new ad* minislralion. and beheld in each the fiiphtfiil irna!;e of the most irru Veils wiiinuis whieh bad atllietcd Kranco diiriiii; lliric centuries. .-Vnd in I'aet who were these uiini-lers ' .\ liomaii prince, (.M. de Polipnac.) broiigbl ;ii;i in nllraniont.iiie maxims, and whose pitiable destiny it was to live and die in the pr.ieticc of conspirneies ; the man of the bloody r';(ri"iro.^', f.M. de la Honrdonnaic) ; the CI nth' /'ic/'i/, who, beholdini,' I'loni his w indows the irnilb.liiie iK'ranibiilalin;; the |il,iius of the liboiiP, said lb, .t the errors of i.'i.veriiiiii nts shmild be buried in the buwi'l* (if the earth. 'M. Chahri'l' ; ibe spoiled child of the ConL'rei.Mtion, whose incapacity had beeonie pro- \erhi il, I M. lie .\Iontliei; ; thi' pioinoler ot'pu vul.il courts, '.M. (!'■ I'eir.'Voi i.T; ; a tr.iiler, a d' -liter, whose sword had stii;niati id tlic rrcneli name, (M. de IJourniont) , and then — n .Miineiii, Of such men was the new cabinet coinpnscd ; in one, hype-eri-y and fmatieism; in another, violence; in a Ibird, In .isen, servility ; in all, bad I'jith nnd hatred of our iii^titntions, Wb.it Ibllowrd was in exact confor- mity willi the men. Kvery aristocratic passion was let loose; no resent ini'iit that was not ri vived ; no senseless hope that wais not renew id al Ihistijinal. How iiiueh t.i dread, how liitle to bo|ie, from a situa- tion like this 1 It premised to the country nothing but a fri'jhtfiil future ol' blood ; for il was evident ih.'il des- polisin was absohilily mccssary lo men totally incupu- hie of v.orkir,;; the niiiebinerv of a reprcsi illative jjo- vernmenl. In sutli a crisis, inaclinii had bei n death wlienee a e-eni'rons eimilalien sei'/.ed e\erv citizen. On 'V'ly Mile preparations were made for cniiibaliiii; to the litmosi that coniempt of all civ ilisalion, and horror of all liberty, all national iinprovcinent, which was tin; .iiiini ilinc soul ol' the cabinet of the t'lh of .■\iicust. In v.iiii was il th.if, alarinrd at the cries of iiidi;rn,ation which assaile I llieni as on u (reiieral calamity, flic new miiiistirs hesltalcd to resort al once lo nrbilrury mea- sures; in vain did they all'eel niieoiicerneduess amidst Ihi apprrbei'vii.ns wbieli lornunl, d them; in vain did lliey prole^l that the nation had iiotlhuK to li'.ir ; the nation, kiiowiiiL' tliat its fesrs ware never bitter (jromid' I d, plepared on all sides lo delind it-s iiK'iiai ed rijjbts An asioi i.'liiui, fornnd by « small knot of persons for the purpose of resi-tinir the payment of taxes, spread with prodi;,'ioiis rapidity : the press, assiimin;; ils hifjle est t'ohcliai-, wu;;ed incessant war a;iainsl the unveiUd pri'jei Is of the •,;overiiment, nwa'u iicd the apprehension lit' lai.'/u i/'e't'//, and fill d all ranks with the prcsenli nil lit of a t;ri'at and innnlnenl (binf.'er. In short, tvery ■. who hived his country prep'ind liir icsistance. Nine inontlis passed in reerimiiialions and in prcparationii li.r alt.iek and defence, Unt ullu- all, the nation mu.st le en'.'ountcrcd fjce lo face ; the Chambers were sun. nioiied. I'p to this period the I'aclinn had wern a mask of po triolisin, end disgusted the nation with its praises; itj lanijMdne WHS now cliaiejed : Charles X, (aine, al Ihi opuiiii'j of the session, to deneuiiec rrance us a holbei: I.ArVYr.TTi: AM) I.CU'IS imiii.iimt.. -tnW wore pcrfuadrd lIcvnliipcH. iin In ronfirin niir« iNhich Ihc'.'Cisl.itiirii Itiit if llic Chnmhrrn w(rr f-iiicciP, not so il liy one li.tcd irtfn, pri.jpi I <>( couiilcr- nililiriff, il Kinv nnly llic loicc of nrruiii- ; oiil of tlm r.ntnnot, hi ir I'fl'iiil', ^in'l "■"- 111 |i,iinliil. 'I lie "<•»- M' >tliTi^'lll, 111 wlilrl) liiracii's wlin'li wcro ir-n nf lilt' Ciiaii'lu-rs rcvrjlulidii party ; and ri'nrhi'il Ihi'ir iloiiatl- ailiiiiiil^lniliiin of the ire Ml llio ^Irci'l nf the 1 niiirizi'iiirnt. NVvrr , pil, iiiKt as .M. lie Ke- !iir iinr hernie iiaiioii aTs ill one Hay, than 1 10 otl'er lier." il (lan^rer, the country , inilij;iiaiUly and cou- ms (anion to «iin^e 1 roniniillod. A uni- I a?aiiisl llii» reviving ressps, and Hallcieri!, . 'I'hen, piililie iipin- niliers nf the new ad- 1 the t'liirhtfiil imaiie of 1 liiid atliietril France > lait who were these I. ill riilijrnae,) hronglit I whose pitiable (listiny till- nf eenspiraeies; the M. d<' la Ki)iirilni>naic) ; r lioin his windows the iins of the lilionP, said should he buried in the 1' ; Ihe spoiled ehild of laiilv bad beeoiiie pro- .niolirofpiivoUl courts, a ilr-i Iter, wbosc sword nic, (M. de Uourmont) ; liinet composed : ill one, aiintiier, viulenie; in a_ IkuI lailli and hatred of III v.;!s in e^act eonfiir- Itoeriilie passion was let ,t ri vivi d ; no senseless lis (:if:n:il. le to hope, from a situa- Ihe eountry nothing but 111 was evident tliat des- 1,. men totally ineapa- of a reprcsi illative go- ^elimi had hceii death ■i/.eil every citizen. On dp for eonibatini; to tbe ilisution, anil borror of leioinl, vhicb was tin; Ihe Hlh of .\nciist- In ,ie cries of imli(;nation [iieral ealamilv, Ibc new once to arbitrary inea- lineoiieernednoss amidst ]it. d them; in vain did d iinthiiiK to li'.ir ; the ,.• never bitter (.rroiind- lid iU iiKnaied riglits lall Uiiol of persons lot lynienl of laxen, spread asBiimin;; its lii|,'li- lar aiiainst tbe uiiviilid lliined Ihe apprebensioii Inlis with the prcsenll .lU^'er. In short, i very (d liir usislaiiee. Nine , and ill pic|>urutiijus r all, llie nation inn.il ("hambers were sun. ad worn n mask of pa |>n with its praises; it< iirles N. eanie, at tin ■lice I'rance us a liolbcc of revolt and ar ''lion ; llic coniilcr-rcvolulion bcjjan to think nloiid in i^ie roval siieech :— " If enlpible e.vp.- dienls are resorted to." s.id the Iviiii:, " for the purpose of raising oli.stacles in the way of my irovernment, which 1 will not, wliiib I cannot foresee, 1 slull not want resolution to put them down." Of all the session!, none hail coininenecil under such uiitavourable auspices. 'I'lie taction teen ccnlnnes of cootimi "d rebellion of the [Kople, h III passed in obscurity t.'ie pi Ucimblic and that of till '" ' "• ■'' ■■ in lull li.i' and vi^' lur which, arter four, aiiaiii-^t the r.iiitls eriod of the r.Mipire, now di-playcd itself It was now no lon'.'cr a ipicstinii (if fears more or less vai;iie, of re|nrls more or less well founded; the eountir-n volution hud divnl;;id its secret; and it became evident that hentellirward citlii r liberty must put down an insolent oligarchy, or llut tlie oli,Mroliy would e.vliii(,'msh lihirty ; in one word, il was clc^ir thai what tlie Mb of .\vi;.nisl adminislr.ition bad be,'un by fraud, il was prciiarin^' to carry by main force. In tbe royal siM-reb, so niicli tinctured with liatred and conteiniit for the ri;'lits of the nal.on, France saw only an additional reason for never Ire.itinj; with ene- mies whom it was nece^.^ry to vainiiiish, and to persist with her utmost eiieriry of pur|Hise in seekini; to drive troiii licr iiicii wlioie so inmy plots and so inveterate an aversion to lilK'rty, pointed out, to her eonsti rii ilioii, as t.'ie nunt irreconcilable enemies of representative po- vernmenl. The C'liamlH'r of Deputies fully cnnipreliended tin dancer of the ])ositioni it iMt thai this was not, us was maintained, a inrsnir 1 i|uestioii, a ipiarrel anion;,'s| indi- viduals ; for if, when slroiii; and vitforons institutions have been loll:; established, the aibninislratioii of public affairs mnv pass without iinieli ri-k iiilo perverse nr nil. skiluil bands, boiausc ii is n,, luii^'er pos.ilile to dcslrov tlieiii, il is not so wiieii nr^Miiie l..ws ate as yet only a «lueslion of riiflit rather tiian of lael, and v.-lien the in- stitutions which rre tbe very life of liherly have yet to be obtained : tin n tbe ipieslioii of lliiii;;s resolves ilscli' into a ipu'slion of men; and tlie existence of a bad ad- miuistralion, were it only for one twelvemonth, one month, one diy, iK'eomis a public lalimitv. The majorilv of the eliauiher fell il tin ir duty to Lay before Ihe moiiareli Ibis Irnlli : — "'The intcrveiilion of the eountry in piiblii' l|S,is.ielion.s," si'id liny, '•renders a consta;il concurirnce of llie [)olilii:il v ii ws of your govermneni willi the wishes nf ihe people, indispeii-ijlily ncccssarv to t!ie well eoiidiiclin',' of llie public hu-iness. iSire, our loyally, our devoledness, eonipel us to dcelire to vou that this eoneurreiice does not e.\i-t. "Itetwecn tliose wlio ill imdrrsland a iialion so ealtii and t'.atbiiil, and us, who witli a profoumi I'oiiv iition P'lme to deposit ii: your hcscm the (rriei'sofa whole p,'.,. pie. let tlio superior wisdom of your m.ijesty be judjie."' What answi-T did the s;i|K'rior wisduiii of I'n.irles .\. I'ive / That the resolutions announced in llic speccli iVom the llirone were humiilalili'. From that inoineiil, the symptoms of an approaeliin;; crisis suceeediil one anillier with iViirlitliil ripidily. 'I'lie proro^alioii ot' the cliaiiiber, and soon aller, its dis. s..Iiiliou: tbe most eriiiiiii.il eiiiploynicnl of all kinds oi' frauds loviliate the elections; an i viensive and .ilroi imis plot, spreading' conllaiiralioii lbrou:rli our provinces; a great milit.iry enterprise eoiu"' i\ed and c.veeuted in the sole view of ercatiu^' a diversion in the public iiiiiid fa- vourable to the cnunter-revolulion ; Ihe appoint in;; of a eommander-in-ebief covered with an indelible op|iro. hriiiin; llie c.vpeinlln;,' of enonnouH siiins wilhoul ll.'i control of tbe eliamlH'rs ; the reliirn of M.dc I'lyronml to the ad iiinislratioii, and Ihe appoinlinj of Al.M.I'.i. pelle and Clianli lan/e, in pl.ici of two ministers who . had shrunk iVoin the enimler. revolutionary projeels; t till! royal proilanialion ; Ihe adjoiirmni iit of twenty rlecloral eolleaes; the news of the capture of .M;;iers ; the triumphant strains of the ailmini'tralion ; the re- election of almost evi ry one nf tlie two hundred and twcniy-one ; the Irininplis of the conslitiiliiuial op|wi- tinn in an immense uLijority nf llie electoral colleu'cs; the defeat of the iiiiiiislers ; the sending of seen t li tiers fiir Ihe purpose of eolli etiii;; to^retlicr the depnlii's al I'aris, Willi a view, iindoiihteilly,lo I'acilitate the seeiiriiij; of their persons; in line, Ihe publisliinjt of a memoriil 111 which the emigraiil fielion solicited Charles X. In have rcemrsc to nm/is tVttnl: sin h were the < vents which preceded the orilinanees of the ■Jlith nf .lulv, the iietivii expression of the purposes of tbe Hth of .Xujjurl. The first of these ordinances, n direct attnek on the nitional representiitimi, pronounced the dissolution ni AiJd :«s of ttip two tneiiirvl \^.f\ trvrn:y-oni» ColiC'^CS oi riylil only of reeoinmciKlliiu' cinuidatcs ; alioiished the vo'e bv ballot, the intervention of the thirds, and the jurisiliition of the royal courts in inatl.rs rihtiin; to leelions; li.e third caivoked the new colli o's f.i t!ie tllh and iMli of Se|iti'iiih. r, and tlie ehaiohers ibr tin. ~'stii of Ihe s.iu.e inonlli; fmallv, the I'ointh ordinance the ehanilHT bclore il had assembled: liie si cniid an- ^ witiics of the liii ts whi.li I rel.ile, 1 shall concede no nulled the e.-iistini; electoral laws ; reduced the iiu:nb<'r| lliiii;,' t > parly spiiit ; and should 1 happen lo make any ofilepilies from lour Imndred and thirty to two liundreil niisstateinenl, it will be the tliiilt of iny inemory, never and fnlv-ci:.'lit; lell to the eolic','cs oi'' (irri)H'.'i'.^ del lire hi, lis, li' and risk bis head, in tbe first sta(;eof tie; strii;:;;l,', that is to say, .tI the iiioiin lit when the in. urreiliuii had as yet on its side only the probahililii it of abrogated tin: laws wlm II cuaranlicd the liberty of tin de I'at, and the scad'.. Id m prospeet, w.is Comil Ak'V.i.dre priss, and riMveil the provisions of lli-l of liie 'JL-t of , d. t»c|..ber, 1?1 1.' 'I'liese ordinances appeared in the •Jili.i of Julv. .Vo'i ■ur of the l::V. .1 prniliicril tiv ilin l irilll»:t;l' i.ur.ll,; nil' ili.v ..1 llie -J Ill- Ill j....ra.ili.--- al .M lhi)>i.i ■ .M.I.. 1-- 1. •Awful calm -Miillhi; f •;i.'i — rnii.lial, iu;li ,.1 y\ CHAPTER II. — V spit or Paijs- 11.111. I 111 Ihe 1 r >s I'hsl II. I'. -nil; .a ili< Lain r.l -- -1 iM.r i;l.' . I' li.al rr, i,-.iiiI.i..M — -Mi-iiiii; on lliu -J. Ml III .M. I' all I .liU...ilaa.. 1.1 llK- il.'|iii ai ll.ls in., .imi;. Here eoinmene'.'s n new scries of oceurrpncrs, wliieli brin'js me back to the ;iiincipal subject of this work, the coiuluet of l.atayetle and Ins co-oper.itii.n in lliose yrc.t events. ralrn.ts still shudder when they call to iniud the first etliet piodiiied by the ordinances: it was a };looniy amazemi'iit, ainoniitiii!; almost to incrcdulily. 'I'Ih .Miiniliui had Ik en eiiculatiii); lor sever.il hours: tlie citizens of the capital bad read over and over ajjain the insokiil manifislo ; iiinl could not yet briii;j themselves to believe in so niiieli and icily and infiUMlioii. 'I'ln public places rem;.iiied open as usu.il; Ihe iiili;ihil.mls ot I'.iris were iil'.iiiiiii:; lo their bii>iiie-s; no syinptuni ol insiirreeli.m w..s ni.inili -ted ; in short, llii' most brei;th- trainpiilhty prcvaikd in that vast city, in Ihe In sum of which the jri,vi.riiiiieiil ali.nc was or^aiiisiiie- its iiie.iiis i.f att.ick and defiiice. 'I'ne periodical press, houever, tlie fiiTt ibj-ct struck by the ordinances, which, by blow Uiion blow, were breaking' up its c.vistcnce, boldly took refn;;e m lie iir- reition. li.iviii'.; to choose belwi en shivery and revolt, till' opposition j..iirii;ils, with very tew exce[:li. i.s. wi re l'..ith:iil to tin ir d.M trims. 'Mni. |.ropri,'t..rs :,iiil priii- eip;il eilil.irs met ill the first pkue, hut lo no pin lo-e, at .'il. l>upii.'s the elder; tin n al the olliep of the .\ IhumI, where was diseii-ised, and, at'ler some str.intje risist.iiic-- ovi r which I pi dly tlirou a veil, was adopted, tli it eiier- f;i lie protest wbieli was to imt arms in the h:inds of tin eili/.ens, and determine liieiii lo resist opprcssi. ii. 'I'his ciniri-'jcons protest, prinlcd in eonteiii| I of the oriliii.inees, and jirol'uselv ilistribuU d in spite of l!:e el", lints of tue s;ileilltcs of tyranny, prodiiicil an electric Ci!i:ct upon tin whole pontibiliuii. I'rom tlnit moiiient, the public opinion leeoilin;; upon itseli', asti rii-hinenl was sueeeeiled by aiii;er and iinli>.;iialion. The inlere-|s most iimnidiately alt:irkid made the first c.xplosi'.n, I'lie piurneynien prinlvrs showed IhemsilveH in arms with niercdihle darinu'. 'I'lie scholars of Ibc rolylei Imic seho.il her.iically lie.idi d the revolted citizens; Ihiw of the schools of law and medieine in ireln d in tin ir Iniii: and this example r.:ised Ihe whoh lapital. Kveiv tliiiu; ivjs then in niolion; every lliiiii; was leiniini; to insiir. reelioii ; n ma;;niliecnl defema' was prepared in a 'I'w hours; the sol. Hers ol' abf.|iili:-in presented themselves on Ihe tielil i'( battle of tJie [iMhlie liberlief ; the c.ailliei eoiiimci.eid lo the cry c f I iif I'l i'hitrte ! \'irv In l.i- ■itrli '. hlixid bei;all to llow ; all 1io|k' of i .•neili;ili.)i; was deslroyed ; and it was mnv I'.r victory alone to dc cide betwi\ii liherly and if'spotisni. 'J'li.' s!ru:;;;le betrteeii Ihe |s opie and the royi.l troops had Ihiis eoiiinieiieeil en Ihe evi nini; of Tuesday, the -'^lli of .Inly ; i;nd then was raised tin" true cry of nisur. rec-iioii. Hut llie events of tint day, the prelude of tin ffieali r ones of Ihe followini.' days, li.iil no rcinill biyond two or llirer cliart'es of p.^nd'armcrie and l!i.' dispersion of a iiiiiiiber of eroups of youths and workmen wliii'!i had eatlicred toi;etli.r in llie line S,.iiit.Iloni.re, thc I'laee Vcndome, and Ihe ueiirhbonrliood of the I'al is l/ny.il. Tbe people were yet only slirrin;; ihem.alves up to the ennqiiest of their lihprti.s, and prrludiie,' to 111. .oniliels of the 'J'^lli or OHb, lo which 1 shall return, .if ler devotinp u few words lo the conduct of those ilepii. lies who w»re at Purison the UGlh nnd 37th of Julv. .\ * Itv whi.'li law nn pniioilir it JotiTiial r.tel.l be piiMishnt iviili- ..It r.r<' ..l.iaiain/ iln' -.iiiciieti m itti' tioienviii-ni. 'l'lieor.liiintii-> of Ihe ijf.tji nt' .hilv il.rnti'il f iriher ihiii i; • i r^ f-e s .iiiJ [vis's . \ siirli J.iiirni'* M cntitr.ivpar.l (h» '.'iw. sh^al'. In? n. uM nr r-s ■l<-r<'ii i.ii.t. n-u.tf\^tf aborde. l)n the :Jbtli, .Monday, that honourable niiii eoiir;ii;euii., deputy prespiitid hlinself anion;; the joe.rnal. ills, uiiil aciepled the pre^di iiey of that iiieet.ii:;, ,-.l wbiili the priinipk-of protest, itl.o, and that of resist. anee to t:.e ordin;:nees, were loudly and pulliely decided u;i.iii. Not oi.c of my old c. He. .piles but remembcr.s Mllh adiiiirali.n the i.ii»wer which he i;..ve to a depute, lion from the school of law, commissioned to ur^e upon u. the lU'Ci ssity nf Inivinp reeeurse to arms. " licntle. men," said .W. ile f,:iborde, "you are ri^ot : our countiy no k'liper claims from us ciii|.ty words : mianimoiis ae. lion, Mpi.rous and powet;"ul, can alone save hi r liberties, lio and tell your e .mr:.i|.'s that you have f.Mind us aiii- inaliil with llie s.-.Mc si nli:nents as y.iurs. Ivps, ri i.ily lo liiliil li.e same ibiliis imkI incur the same daiiecrs. (in, pentl.'iiii 11 ; jisseinllc ill pri alet nuinhcr at ten o'clock io.iii;;lit ; and we will send M.n wold what we shall have resolved upon." On the bicakiii^ up of the ineiiiiii; of the j. .urmilists, al which each one en;Meeil upon bis honour to use all the mean., at l.is disposal m nrilir to iinile lo resistance, and niai.e the lii-:irrei lion ireiieral, .M. ile l.alsiidc call- ed a luei tin;; of the il.'puli.s |. resent at Paris, to take place i.l SI veil o'elock, at the Inmoiiral !•' deputy's own residi nee. Al i iLtbl, a ii w nn nil" rs only had answered liic call of hoiiuiir; ainoiiL'st whom were i\Iessicurs H.v.aix, D.'.iiiiiii, V:;.s;:al, .Marsehal, He Schenen, I.c- livie, I'.Tiiard, and \ illenn.in. Fieliin; the urgency of the circiimstanees, and, perhaps, iil-o tiicd of wuilinp in vain liir liie artiv.il of Ins other eolkaeins, .M.dc La- hold,' opi c.ed tl.is nn nii.r..l.le il.b.le. .Alter represeiil. mp the uisoi.vili.in of the puhli.' mind, and nliliiin what be had SCI n and heard at the nn i Imp of Ihe pmrnalists, he showed the in ei ssity m' an i in rpclie deel, nation in i.iiswci to the luilinaiKcs, and warmly urped that Hie ineiiibers present should draw il up, as in ii.ll sillinp, in liie 11, me of the ( Iriinher of Deputies. .^^. Uavoiix pro- posed lli..t Ihe di\i. nil's present in the capital slioidd eon- slii.ili llii'iii;.eKes a n.tiont.l asseniLly : l!ie venerable .M. DuU.iou spoke vvliii noble li rvi.iir of the duties whiih Ibis i!pi;ri ssi.ai by iippri's>iv.' power impo.>-i d Ujicu the maud, it. .lies of tlip ei iiiilry; be s.,iil, tiiat even the daii- e. rs tb.it niipiil i.tlmd li.e fiil.ilii i nl of those duties, in..de li:cni only the more iinper.itive and the more sa- end; II1..I since the liberty of tlie tribune was violated, 'III v.j:j-ct\l t'l Ihe jitOjile Was tbe only means of pniilic sifety that tyraimy ii.id V'X :.t Ihe ilis|visal of the coun. Iiy's repri .so Illative.-; am! that liny niii-l use it wilhout lleslt.ilii.n, er f.;rfcil tin ir honour, and hi tray the confi- dence and the dearest iiilere-|s of the n.ition. .M. de Sehoinn spoke to tin: same eltict ; and said that it wan n.'i ess;iry, on Ibis ./real ociasioii, to prove themselveK capable of lavinp a.-,ide all con.sideration of sell', and, if incii weri, lo crv V'o anus! .'siieh was the opininn of all the iii.'inbi rs ol tliit meetiiip ; and already, ) believe, Irid .M. Videmain received din etioiis to draw it tip in I'le llirm of a protest, when .M. Perier was aiitiounrpd. Ills ear hid jii.>t cauplit -M. loiis piiii.ippr. i I be uii ad nl° iii.iiIiii'ks imi its purt ; that it hum iiii|HiHi*iliU' lli.il the k'mft sliould mil cohil' ti) the rc-dliitimi ot' ivilli- ilr.iuiii)! llir ordiii!iii(t'»; ami that niily in virw HhuiilH Ihi' iltrlaiaticm In' drawn up, it' thry ]>l•rsi^tc•d in the iimjt'i!! of milking a drclaratinn at all, wliiih, hnwivrr, Ind nut hW, assinf. As to tlic lontidiinc whirh MCini d to Ih' riitirluincd in Ihr powrr -fiil. lie ohserved, that llieie would hi< levity and imjiropriity in coming to u di'terniinalion of that nature without con- silltinif the other depulies then in Paris; and he eiiijaf.'1'd to call them toi.'i tlier to a meetintr at his house at a very early hour the iiunI iiiornin<;. I^^lters of eoiivoca- tion were accordingly addressed liy .M. Perier to a iimii- ber of inemliers of the ( hanilier. Itiit, no doubt, sceiiijr the constantly inereasinif irritation of the |H'ople, ami the hostile preparations which tliey made diirinjt the niijlit and in the niorniin;, M. Pi'rier lost no time in in. liiualiii;^ to the depulies whom lie had convoked, not to attend his iiivitntioii of the day before. .Such, diiriiii; tlie day of the •Jlilli of July, wan tliu nt. titiide of the ilepiities piesent in Paris. Thu day of the ■-'Till be^jan under no l)elter auspices. A very small number of deputies ujfuiii assi nihled at M. do Laborde's, appointed to reassembK.' at M. Pericr's, at two in the allernoon. This clioiee of their place ot nipctin({ inspired visible niieasinesH in some of the mem. hers ; hut the imminency of the daiijrei'K which threatened the liberties of tlie country, was tliouffht powerful eiiouifh to restore the tone of .\I. PerierV patriotism, some little altered for two years pa«l. It was known that the nrdiiur of that depiiiv's lilnralisin had been sulUned down by contact with the royal giuiiOiisnr\a; but it « as liojied tlial the Iriliime of the peo|ili' would revive in him at the eoii- teinpl.ition of llie dan|ri'rs of his eomitry, nnd that l)e. inohthencs" cold would not resist the action of a July sun. Tlii« miM'liiijr was prec 'did by a scene of enrnaife. A prcnt many youn:; men, attracted into the Kiie .\eiivc ilu Luxeinhonr^r by the niinonr of the mi etinir "'' the depu- ties, were theri' hemmed in, and sabred by two detach- inents of cavalry. Btiiiir ohlijred to acck refu(;e in the neiiflihouriii); houses, they knocked in vain nt the doors of .\f. Piiriir's mansion. Caution kept theiii Nliutnfrainst every one who had not the name of a deputy to send in. A iiiiiiiIkt of thos*' youii(r p:il riots, severely wounded, wen; conveyed to the olhce of the milliliter lor Ibreijjii ntlairs. .Meanwhile, what wa.s passinj; in the interior of iM. Pi'rier'n mansion ' The deputies, assuinhled this time very iiunnrouhly, under the presideiiee of AI. l^alny de I'limjiicreH, had, from the openinjf of the sitliiijf, l>eeii di- vided iuto two opposite camps. The one anserteU the constitutionality of the dissolution ef the Chamber, advo- cated the inaintcnaiice of the royal power of Charles X., urged the iiecsBily of keeping within the hounds of le. /rality, mill simply Boliciting the recil of the ordinances, by respeeU'iil rcinoiistiances jrrounded on the manifesla- tioii of public opinion. 'J'he opposite party maintained that fill' character of deputy liiid not been destroyed by the ordinance of dissolution ; that moreover Charles X., in violating the Charter by all and each of the ordinances, had stripped himself of the prerogative of disnolving the ChniiilM'r at all; and that the deputies rciiiaincdi/«in/iif(o invested with all the plenitude of the electoral charge ; that it was absurd to invoke legality in favour of a |Kiwer Hliicli haii just burst asunder all its ties; nnd that when the question was, whether Krance should he free or i ii- slaM'il, miller a representative governnicnt or the tyranny of an individual, the sati-ty oftlie eonmionweidtli wa» no longer to Ih' found in any thing but the success of an open resistance to opprcsNion. The former of tliese two opinions had for its cli.ampinn M. Diipin ; the latter was energetically snp|Hirted by .M. Maugiiin. MAI. de I.aborde, de I'uyraveau, Uerard, (.alley de Pompieres, Persil, .Millerit, Ilirtin-dc-Vaux, and ViUemain, tolloweil on the side of M. .Mnugiiin; the two latter contending, however, that they ought to se. parale Chnrles X. from his ministers, and not confound lliein in one coininon reprobation. .MM. Si'hastiaiii and Caslmir Perier bad ranged themselves mider the banner of .M. Dnpin. It is, however, but just to say, that .M. Perier declared liiniself at first only by mute signs, in which il was easy to discover the |x.'rple.xily which tor. niented him. These debates w ere growing warm on either side, vvlicii an nnforeseen occurrence interrnptcd the discussion, aiid gave it u new turn. \ deputation t'roni tile electors of the city of Paris requested to In' iiilroduccd. M. Pe- rier at once Uliolds the g/«il'f of the ItourlHins nnd the popular dagger suspeiided over the parliamentary heads. "Observe in what n |Hisition they are placing us!" ex claimed be. " If we receive the deputation, it will be known at the Tnileriis; it will ixrhaps give provocation there, and who knows what iiicasures may be taken against lis ! If the deputution is not leceived, \\ii iiieiii- liers will complain ; they may go and mix among the |M'oplc, arid in the present cxas|M.'rated state of men's minds who can answer" • .Messieurs Diipiii and Sibastiani likewise o; ;w)sed witli all their might, the re- ccplion of this dcputalion, which, added to the ap|H)iiit nieiit of a picsiilent, said they, eonverti d a lucre private meeting into an uctiial ilclibcraliv.' asfembly. However, the deputation was ilitr iiluecd. It was coin |K)sed of the iiiosl ri's|H'ctable citi'/cn.i oftlie enpitnl, who came to declare to the deputies, by the mouths of .Mes. sieurs .Mdrilhoii and iJonlay de la .Meiirthe, that every lie which altnched France to the throne of the Itoiirhons was broken ; that the nation ought not, could not any longer np|M'al to any thing but insnrreelion ugaiiist an authorily which had Irampled iiisin every law; nnd that the people relied u|)Oii the courage and patriotism of their r-'prcicnLatives. This declaration was succeeded by an absolute silence; nnd the deputation withdrew into a neighboiirini; apartment, that the deputies might Ik' letl In di lilH'rale in full liUrty. In the iiieaii time another deputation, consisting of ymmg men, nsked to hi' ndniit- tpil. AI. Perier hastened to tlieiii, nnd conjured tliein not to persist in a step w liieli he considered as must high- ly iiiipriideiit; he represented to the young men the lidly of their cHorts ugainsl the incnsurcs of repression which the govertiini'iit would assuredly not have I'niled to take ; and exhorted them to return within the lioiinds of /rgn/- Wi/, and not seek in the streets n victory which they n oiild not liiiil. 'I'lie young iiii n, fully resolved no longer to rely U|S)ii any thing hut the energy oftlie pi'ople, with- drew ; and M. Perier went back to (lis colleagues. The deputies hud entered intodeliheriition — they deli- berated at great length — whether it would not Im' oppor- tune and prodigiously patriotic to write nii epistle to Charh'S X., supplicating his majesty to hv so kind us change his ministry, and revoke the fital ordinances. This opinion, advanced by .Messieurs lit^rtiii-dc-Viuix, Dupin, Sehastinni, Perier, and Villemnin, prevailed, with- out, however, leading to any result. 'I'heiisseinbly sepa- rated without having done any thing, without having at- teiiipted any thing tor that lieroie people whose blood was already llowing in torrents in the streets of Paris. Hut 1 misluke — they did something — for they agreed to meet again the iie.vt day, AT NOtJ.V, at Af. Audry de Puyravenu's, who, on AI. Pericr's refusing to throw o|K'n his mansion a second time for an nssenibly of the depu- ties, promptly otVered tlieiii his house, adding, tliat they should there be under the safeguard of tii arriv.il at I'lirij.— Ili* tiri.1 meiis-Tlie ri>siiitiinre of the |H-n|iii; bToiiii'* ui'iii rnl~-l''irsi iiti'i nii(! 1*1 ili'iniUi'N Hi ilie Iioiim: ot' M. Aiiilry lie I'm r.ui'nii— ('unilurl iiiiil kih-i-i tii-« ot" MM l.iit'.iyil'i', MaiiLMitn, f.alHlti', Clii'rli'ii Diitnn.Si'bHiitiniii, CtiU-iH, riiyraveaii, eli.^A ilr)iiitiiltiin si in to llii- Duke nt Itailiiiia — M. I'i'iK r i'r<<|)iisi-H 111 vi'i'ii'i In |iri-M-iii Maniiuiit wiili several niil hull- — I-'ir^i iiMi'itnij HI itif linimi'Di'^I. Iti^Tiiril~-l)''t.iTitiiii ef itie I Mi|ili' li\ iiliiinsi Ilie \\ liiile lit' rill' ili>|iu1ii'ii|)ri-M'iil~-l''iiiiniiiironi- linip— \\'i'nkiii'?iiani, niiil llvniii lii'A'Hiiv-- A in-kli iiii-i-ihi^ 111 llie lioiiiie nt' .\l. .\iiilry do Piiyrn \i-aii — Till' iiiiliilii-r nt lilt' pitlri'it itepiitU'ii U iiiiw nslured to i-iulil— .MbIiI Is'lrt'i 1 11 ihi' -iflli anil DlMli. Lafayette was absent from Paris when the ordinaners first made their nppi'arance. 'I'he MoniUiir of the IJBth reached him al Iin (iraiige on the morning of the 27th. Mis resolution was taken at once: he took post, and probably owed it only to the celerity of his journey, that lie was not arrested on the way ; for it is iinp|s' of liberty, lie and M. Latntte wctp among the first who nrrived nt the plnce of meeting. Soon, the depntifs took their scats, — silence siiceeedcd to individual discus- sions — they were, at Inst, about to apply themselves to the preserving of that liberty for which the people had been iiistiiictively fighting and dying during the last six- nnd-thirty liour^:. I shall now retrnee my recollections, nnd relate that which, with my head K'aiiing on the edge of a window- frame, my ear alteiitivcly listening, nnd my eye fixed on that large ground floor apartJiieiit, where are debated the destinies of a people, or rather the destinies of al) Fiiro|H', I saw and heard nt that awful nionient; 1 nmat the bar of my country ; I shall sjR'ak without hatred and without liMr; I shall relate the whole truth. Al. .Alangiiin spoke firsl. He is the man to confront danger ; he is the orator of revolution ; nature lias iiinde him a tribune of the |M'ople. He traced in broad outlinos a frighlliil picture oftlie situation of Pnris ; he 8|)ok« of the wicked nttenipts of the court, the rcsentiiient of the peoph', their eombnls, their suencsses, their reverses, their fenr.s, nnd their liii|ies. " Listen," said he, witli en- tinisiasiii, "listen to the roar of the ciuinon, nnd the griwiiis of ;lic dying; they reach you even here; it is a great people (•ll'KCting a revolution which you ought to direct i it is no longer permitted us tn hesitate ; our place, gentlemen, is lielweeii the jiopular battalions and the phalanxes of despotism; beware of losing time; the royal guard loses none, be assured ; once more, I say, this is a revolution which calls ni«on ns to net." At this word — leinluhun — several diimtics rose nnd threatened to retire iiiimedintely. Il wns an explosion of all the fears that liail found Ijieir way ta thin assembly. Alessienrs Charles Dupin, Selinstiani nnd (iuizot distin- guished lliemselves among the most zealous ndvocatcn ol legal order. " I protest against every act tliat go«» be- 'n LAFAYETTE AND LOLI8 PHILIPPE. jir country was once niilst ol" Btornm, under ^1' luurrln, giitlicrcd in Kwc of liberty, coiirngo, iliiyx iif (he revDliition lung earner, \vt> iihall ncrcoming deepotiim, If. r|w-Tll<' ri'alsUlll'P of Ihr f III ili'iuiiii'ii It llie Iioiim: lirt illlll ii|»rrrtii-i ot' MM- Iliipiii.Si'liniiliniil, liiilMX, II ilii' Uukt'ol llnnii»a— M- MnniiiiMi Willi m'vrnii mil- 1. It*^riird— Pi't'iTildM of itie lilir*jiri'Wnl— Fniinimroni- aiti,ni>biip|inni, anil Kunlii lite iif .M. Aiiilfy dc fiijra 'piiiU'M li now redaced to >M\l. is wlien the ordinance* e Monileiir of llic a6lh e morning of the 27lh. ee : he look post, and rily of Ills journey, thai for it in iniposHime lliat lolutioiiary eovernment in fixed on liiin, whom Be tliat as it might, the ,ciiing of the 27tli, wan the sniiportof III!! naim- r o'clock in the morning rolylechnic m'liool had ! hoiirK later thin mvarm nd dying at the head of c capital. [mints, with various sue be raised, and blood al- 1, conformably to their Hr, the deputies began to miry de I'uyraveuu. It til ill full splendour ; the III the re|)or1 of the eaii- etry, aiinoiineed that the ■.seiitatives of I'rance, at out to decide tlie fate of feeling of dread and of , somt' variously armed, loked up the appronehcH endeavouring to eo'leet the dc^pnlicH as they .. courage oiid devotion manly Ihrnrt : Lufuyette jlamiitions ; he was the itte were among the first iiig. Soon, the depnties ■d to individual discus- to apply themselves to ir which the people had ■ing during the last si-x- •ctions, and relate that . the I'dge of a window- iig, and my eye fixed on ■111, where are debated [her the destinies of all Avfiil inonHiil ; I am at ak without liatred and hole truth. is the man to confront lit ion ; nature has made riieed in broad outlines of I'aris ; he siwkfi of the rcsentiiient of the fccHses, their reverses, listen," said he,wit)i eii- if the CHjmon, and the you even here ; it is a oil which you ought to IB to hesitate ; our place, lar battalions and the . losing lime; the royal ;c more, I say, this is a act." ■cral dqiuties rose and . It was on explosion ir way to this assembly, tiani and Guizot distin- ost realous advocate* ol very act that goes be- yond the hounds of legality," exclaimed M. Piipin " Wliat 1 spiMik you of resistance .'" said M. .Sel>a.>tiaiii, with heat and preeipitutioii ; " we have only to emisider how legal order may Iw preserved." " The slightest iiii- prudenee," added .\I. (iuiiot, "would comproinise the jusliei: of our cau.se. Our duty is nut, as is asserted, to take part either with or against tlie |Hiiple, but to In. como iiiediaturs, I > eheek the |Hipular movemiiit, and convince the king that his ministers have deeeivi d him." A voii'e well known to the friends of liberty now made itsilf heard; it was tliiit of Laliiytle, always eipially coiiraireous and skilful ill bringing lun-k ipieslions to their true principles. " I eniili.'s.s," said he siniling, " that 1 find it ditlieult to rei^oneile lenatihi with the Muinlei/r of the day Isdbre yesterday, niiil with the tiring for the last two days." 'I'lieii assuming the i^ibn and snUiim tone suited to the solemnity of the oecasioii, he declared that a revolution certainly was at hand ; and pioposed tlie iinuiediite creation of a provisional ir.ivcriiiiieiit; an idea which was adopted subse()ueiilly, but which us yet was too decided anil patriotic not to b<' regarded by a good many of his colleagues as at least pieiiiaturc. At this inoinent, it Wiis announced that the [leoplo had carried the llotei.de-Ville aller a teniblc earuage ; but the coiiHict continued ; the royal troops received rein- forcements, and it was feared that they might again be victorious. 'I'liis incident, however, seemed to revive the drooping courogo of some of the champions of legality. •M. Ouizot condeiniiiiig tlie reBpcclful letter pro|)oscd to be written to his m.-ijesty, Charles X., was willing to in. cur the risk of a protest of which he read the outline, and in which fidelity to the king was still prol'essed. This protest was adopted, notwithstaiidiiig the conragc. ous observation of AI. Liitfilte, who declared it to be in- sulticient and lielow the rightful claims of a people who had already |s)ured out so much of it.s blood. HI. I'erier proposed to send a deputation to the Duke of liagus.i, to obtain from him a truce, during which the deputies iiii!;lit carry their eumjihiiiiinas to the loot of the throne ;' but l.aluyette deniaiided that the deputation should continc itself to ordering .Mariiiont, in the name of the law, and u|ioii his |iersoiial re3|iiinsiliility, to put an end to the firing. However, this deputation was ap- jiointed ; it was eoin|iosed of -M.M. IVrier, l.allitle, .Man- guin, I.ohau, and tierard. Iiatayette, visibly indignant at all these delays, whilst the bloixl of so many citizens was streaming around him, declared to his colleagues that his name was already placed, by the confidence of the people and with his coiiseiit,at the head of the insur- rection; that he ardently wished his determination should obtain their approbation; but that liap{H'ii what niiiiht, he considered himself as pledged in honour to establish on the following day his head quarters at Cnris. Thus ended this first sittinir, its whole result, ii pro- clamation without energy, without mcaniiissessiim of tliij pi'oplc. The patriots hud now succeeded in regaining posse-i-- sion of the llotel-de-Villc; the Swiss and the giiords had retreated over the iHslies which strewed the I'lace-de- tircve, the quays, and the bridges. The iiuiiilicr of the deputies axscmblcd was reduced to ten, when this happy intelligence was brought llicin. it revived some nearly extinguished patriotism; and even i\I. tniizot priqiosed to ulfix to the proclamation the names of all the deputies, whether obsent or present, whose opinions were known to lie lilierol. This gave rise to fresh protestations on the |>art of -M. Selustiaiii, who had again inude his appcar- Hiiee; and this dilatory measure might again have liecii rejected or post|ioiieil, but for -AI. Iiuilitle, who, with that truly civic disinterestedness uiid courage for which be is distinguished, cut the i|uestioii short, by saying, " I>et us adopt this pro|M)sal, geiitlcincii : if we arc vanquished, they will charjre us with fulscliooil, and prove that we were only eight in number ; if wc conquer, lie assured they will lie enmlous to acknowledge the signatures." 'I'lie ileclurution was adopted, and subscribed, on pre- suinptiuii of patriotism, with si-vty-llirec parliamenlary names, out of the feur iinndred and thirty which enm- pose the (-'liamber of Deputies. The name of .M. Dupiii was inserted at first ; but it was erased on .M. Mauguin's observing, that it would only he exposing thcniselves to certain nnil disagreeable remonstrances. .Another meeting was appointed I'or eight o'chiek in the evening, at the house of M. Audry de I'uyravcni. This iiiecting reproduced all the proofs of courage and all the symploms of weakness that had marked tliosc which preceded it. A contest, which will never be ef- fieed I'roiii my recollection, was waged between M.M. Lafayette, De Laborde, Lafiitte, .Maiiguin, and Audry de I'liyruveau, on one side ; and Alcssieurs .Sebastiaiii and .Mecliin on tlie other. The former demanded that, cut- ting short so many shumefiil tergiversations, the depu- ties now at I'aris, clotlicd in their parliamentary cos- tume, and mounting tlie tricolourcd cockade, shmild place tliemselves boldly at the head of the |ieople ; the latter ventured again to speak of legal order, of media- tion, and of concessions to bo obtained from Charles X. I'liis was more than the citizen soul of Lafayette could bear: he ii.se, and demanded of his colleagues, what post they assigned liiiii in the name of the country ; for that he was ready to occupy it on the instant. The se- cedcrs had departed ; and the patriot deputiss, now re- duced to five only, hut resolved to raise again gloriously the tricolourcd Hag, separated, alter appointing to meet again at five tlic next morning, at M. LalKttc's : it was then i)iidnight. What a night was this between the 'i>i\i\ and t2t)th of July I Not im eye was closed in the great city ; all were stirring ; all arming or working nt the barricades : and as yet the deep silence which reigned in Paris was interrupted only by the dull noise of tlio tearing up of the pavement, the sighs of the wounded whom some trieiiilly arm wos reconvcying to the paternal roof, the '/Ml rile ? of the citizen soldier, or that long " tentinellr, prenez fi^riie d vout ."' which one hundred thousand men, on foot for liberty, passc:d from one to tlie otiii'r every quarter of ui hour. No, the people never ap|)ear- d under so noble uii aspect. Iiofayette devoted this solemn night to the inspection of the Iwrricadcs, which the instinct and foresight of the people had established at all the threatened points; and bi?t'ore each of tliese hastily-raised fortifications, he could not help exclaiming in admiration of a combination of military dispositions which would have done honour lo the sagacity of Vaubim. " Who is it, then," rcpt^ated ho with transport, — " who is it that has taught tlicm the art of war in one day, in one night?" Between the hours of one and two in the morning, an old man, walk- ing with diiiiculty, presented himseli', supported by two or three persons, before the barricade which closed up the Rue Cadet, on the side of that of the Faubourg Montmartre. Here pissed a scene, of which I borrow the picturtsiiiie recital Iroin a jniiriial (La Triliuiie, wliieli has related it wjlh udmirulile truth. '■ Halt," cries the sentinel; " ci>r|M)ral, eiiiiie and ri coiiiiiiitre." (The eorjMiral was a workiiii^ ;iiaii.j " \ nu must iTiiiie to the post, you li'tlows there; and you shall tell us what ki'i ps \ou nbriiud m> late." Tlie };ioup walk to- ward the |H)st. There eai II of t.'ie uiikiiiiwn undergoes an I .^laiiiinatioii. l*'irst, a iii.iii, well strii'kiii in years, of veriirnble euunteiianee, and (i.tr wliik-e pa-iiu'c it had been iieeessary t" m ike briaelies in two er three of the b.'irrieade... ; then, three other persons, who apjK'areil to 111! iiiidtT his orders, as uides-de-eamp. .Ml this npjH'ur- 111 very suspicious to the ei.inni-iinlaiil wlm sharply iii- lenogated the old mail. The l.itter replied In him: " Captain, you -see me mined lo the very snui at the spectacle whieli you make me uilness; einbraee iiie, and know that I am mic of your old comrades:" The eommandant hesitated. "It is tiiiierul Laluvctte !" -said some one. lOvery one tliw int.. his arms; but the commuiidanl, rcsuiiiiiiir all his •jra'-ity : " <" nllmnen." said he, ** tuarmsy* — and imincdiu'-ely all fi.ll into line, and the (ieiierul reviewed the |iost, as in the most regu- lar uriiiy." CIIAI'TKU IV. C'oniti.ils if) llii' iiio'iiiiii; of III.. ■-Mlh--.\»pii'l >if l'.iil.*— Itir'i.i^ni. Iirntiily, anil liiinianiiy of Itii* imlriols- -l..if^ivt iii-lii inini-d in hy Ihi* riiyal irimus — MisMliii? al St- l.alhlIi-'(.--Vif!iiry il'-clnr. n rnr llie |H>i:plr — 'I'tie di-pulies whom Itlls ml. Iiigfiii-i r.iiucrts in llte laiisi* of l|ln-r;y — Apiiearaiite uf .M. I.ii'itii-'i, iii.insiou — .•^01111: intiTllllI deUllls — l.nlayi'ttr ri'imlr-i lollie Ilolt-I di -\' tk— I'lclme of ihis new head-quiirii'is— InsiHiiiiiiiiii 01 the .Mutilripul Coni- ltii:*sii>n — Its lirsl liiiadun-s — ljafjyeilL'< prurlainaiioii 10 tliu ainiy- Tlie combat had rceommenced nt daylireak. La- layette, III returning to his resideiiee, throii_'h the Kuu de Surciie, was liloeked in lliere I'or a i\w niliiutes by the royalM corps whii h oieiqiled the churi h of Lii .Un- (Itldiiie, and ki.'pl up a constant fire upon all that pre- sented themselves. The general, liowc\er, e.iiitrived to escape this dinger; and availing himself shortly atler of a retrograde inoveiiuiil efl'eeted by one of the eiieniv's posts, he matle all s]ieed tn -M. L.itiUte's, whither he v.-as aeeoiiipaiiied liy his ^.'raiiilsini .Iiili-- de l.astrrie, M. .Au- dry lie I'liyraveau, Colonel Carlionil, and Ci.ptain (now Colonel) I'oque. The eaiinon and musketry were ronr- iiio in all the streets contiguous to that throiigh which Lal'ayettc was passing on t'ool. Il was an alfeeling eir- cmnstance lo si e the peuple reeogiilsing w itli Iraii-spnrt the veteran of liberty, hut sauiig only in u loxv v.. ice. Vile Ijiifuijctlft tor liar of |H>iiitiiig him out In the .sol- diers of Charles X., aiiti hastening too[H'ii the shop doors, ill order that the barricades might not obstruct his pas- sage. Thiisthriiugh many dan;;irs, and abundant proofs of the popular solicitude t'or his sat'ety, the general ar- rived at -M. Lallitte's, whither also repaired u numlicr of his colleagues, and various deputations of brave citizens who eanie to take liiin and conduct him to the llotel-de- Ville, recently carried and definitively occupied by the patriots. 1 ha\e said tint at daybreak the iienple and the royal troops hud, on either side, recommciiced liostiiities with great fury. In order to imdcrslaiid uhal is now coing to take place at M. Lalllltc's, and the new posture in which wc shall find the gentlemen of the Chamber pul- ling tliemselves, il is requisite to call to mind the turn which the military o|ieratloiis had taken in tlie course of that decisive morning, and even bct'orctlie d-ssembllng of the thirty-five or I'orty deputies which met al the mansion of their worthy colleague .AI. Latlilte, at elrven o'clock. A greut number of partial conflicts had been resumed with Uie dawn ; and, w ith the exception of the Ilotel-dc. Ville, the approaches of the Placc-de-Grevc, and the Boulevards St. Denis and St. Martin, I'rom all which ths enemy had been repulsed the day before, the Jtruggle continued during tlie day of the ■J.?th. There, around the bariicndes, in tin' streets, in the houses, under the |)orlicoes of the cliurches, every where, were niotiisely repeated that mnllitudenfactsof heroism, inagr urimity, and contempt of death, which had already so distin- guished the preceding days. There we find barrieados rising, as if by enchantment, behind the soldiers occu- pied in attacking the barricade which intercepts their progress ; there wc see women hurling from the win- dows paving stones, furniture, burning brands, in con- tempt of the halls which strike them Iwaide their infants' eradlcR ; children waving the tricolourcd flag amid tlic volleys of grape-shot, and rushing amongst t!ie enemy's squadrons to poniard the horse of the cuirassier whom they cinnot reach : I have teen them go glidinp under the horses, and find out the lower extremity of the cui- LAFAVETTE AXD LOIIS nilUPP/; ru!i of unc of the enemy, niid tliiu kill ono of tl'.o*>c soldiers cored in Btecl, tho weight of whom alone was Bufficicntto criipli them : I have seen others hooU tlicm- ielves on the stirrup of a ccnd'arnie, and pet thcinFflvis backed in that position, while endeavouring to dibcharge a pocket pistol at his breast.* And how many instanros of genoro=ity and hnrenni- ty were seen among Iheso mirai Ics of heroism ! Wlio can ever forget tho conduct of those oxeellent females belonging to the lower clas^e?, who either in their houses, or at the corners of tho streets, and exjio'ed lo the gra|)c shot, hastened lo bind np tho wounds of tho workman strnrk by a royal bullet, and the soMier wlm had mulilutcd a brother or that friend I And llien, when tbrtimc had luneo. However, alter a Ivw hours' deadly s^trlfo, every pro- hnble chance of victory was on the side of the people. Already several balta'^ons of the line lii^d separalii; from the royal army ; the guard and the Swiss alone fought with spirit ; hut sii.cessively driven from the situations they occupied the previous day, in the ceritie of the capital, they retreated towards the Louvre aiul the 'I'liilerirs. On the other hand, the patriuts findiiif; themselves abandoned by the deputies, whose courage they had so often, hut so vamly. endk.ivnurid to ejccile. CAiiia lo the bold dclerininatiun, on Widne^ihiy even- ing, of prodjiining a provisiuiiiil govertimint, which, hy their own rrivu'e niithoity. was eompo-vd i I' .M>l. Lafayette, (lerard, and (hoiMiil. Some creiluhMis e;ii. lena having presented theinselve* nl He Hotel. di'-Ville, lo hold a co'iimunieation with lliia firtiiwiis |)ower. the ■Fnlinels repulsed them with tlioe wnrds; Konnf must pins ; Ihf priiri imial ijnrrrnmeiil are in cnirrifnrt. 'i'\\\> goveriiineiil, wliieli. In reality, oidy e^i^led in the ima- gination of a low patriots, produced iijon the pulilie mind >he most henelieial cfiiel. Wiioiu ciinipaiii''s ol tho natioual guiid made tlnir appriirainc, in iini cuio. with arms and dru lis at their lieud; llin people, einhold- med by these rallying signs, and now beioL' eoiiviiiced that lliey were no huincr abandoned to themselves, rushed with confidence upon the forces of di'spolism ; the popular attack assumed regularity on all sides, numerous cohinins formed and marched lo attack the enemy, under tho command of the students of the Polytechnic school, generals of twenty, us a riiizeii pn«t has rppropriatolv ternn'd them; in short the I'a- ri&ians rushed on lo the combat as lo a certain victory; the event was no longer doulitl'ul. Such WHS tho situation of atfairs on the 9.1th, at elo ven o'clock in the mnrning. At thai hour the ineeiinip appointed at ,M. Lallitte's look plice; and it may he easily conceived that il was more iiuiiierously attcpded than those of the preceding days. 'I'lio rellcclions of the night ^lad operated wonders on llie minds of many ; such or such a deputy, who the preceding d.iy wiis u determined Ifgatiilr. now returmd with li'eliogs ot in- dignation, and pierced lo the quick by the horrible oli- sliiiacy which the nourbons nianilestid in spiling the blood of their niilijirls: the act was atrocious I 'I'lius sue cesslvely reappeared .M .\I. Sehastinni, 11' rtinde.Viiux. f»«rird, Diipin the elder, (JniTol, and many other ol the champions of tlie rrprrlfiil compluiiiiir^n (dulrnnrrii rf'pfrlueiiiet,) the fcvoeiition of oiuinanres, uml legali- ty Qt any cost. From daybreak, or rathor from the commencement o! the night, .M, Lall'itte'i linlcl hud Is-eomo Ihu rallying point of the patriot ', the centre at wliii h all Iho Contra- (iictoiy and ciiiU, iliai tirji upuni J iliu (.no of llin Lirnvrt' I" ills laojile. AaillHr bey of the jsme spe. a piiiill of Ihs Orphan H.isnitil ninwsl Pierre riisr n I'wItlVir, w«» ihe lirnt in iciil ■, in •pile oi Ui« flraofihe rny.il lusrils anil ihe Hmim, sniiilier of IIk irmi fsiasof ibg Lnuwo. .Nii.v h in «niiiliBr yoiim man, o' sijihiefn, named Charti- Boiit|fnli, • t™ kiinllh of R.s ml, In ilic it>p ir'neni of itia .\i 4cnni'«, rlimlxsl upon Ihe enlohiindK, Btinel Hiih |iiHiola wIiIumii kiadlnii (for lilspewd'r was sxpeiididl lo plsm ihin' ilic iriMil.Mii ed flai;. Ftvcfwii* pursui'il hliu, ind wouiidisl liiin wiili Hun bnyoni'ls, hut did nnl nuci red In klillnu hmi Th« liiM ot ttie nival tnnipa uiiilil mur lie rtsriiy mlninteit, Tlial 01 Ihe pairliiia sini>iiiiii.d m iili'nii »i« itinnaanii Mif ivlinm fVom s iliuiuond lu Iwtltu liuiiiliud wvr« killvJ, awl Um it>' waundcd. measures taken were communicated in different direc- tions. It was a surprising sight to l>eliold those magnili- cicnt apaitinents titled with riches, those tables covered with pl.ite, Iho chest containing millions, a crowd con- tinually renewed of strangers, workmen, soldiers, rich and poor, moving about in the midst of all this, day and night, and at a moment when society appeared in a state of dissolution ; yet not a crown piece, nor a tea s|>oou, was carried away by men who could have done so with pcrll'Ct impunity. Even without a coat or shoes, worn out with taligue, trembling with anger, tho soldiers ol lil)orty asked for cartridges, for orders, lor cominai.dcrs, und soinelimes tor a morsel of bread ; but Ihey saw neither the gold nor the other precious olijects .'scatter- ed on a'l fide , scemiii'; to tempt their heroic poverty, dnco .T:;ain, the pi'ople, Ihe true people, those of lie barricades, never ap|H'ared to such iidvanla^'c. It w;is nlso at .\l. Lafliltc's thai the patriots of the departnieiils nearest lo the ca|iital hud proceeded, lo a.'-k instructions, which Iho honourable deputy issued in this at r.dgtd lijrm: L'r^^r to iiisitrrtctwn, and^ ij' lued /-e, rorrif tii the aii.\irlamr of I'arts. Such were, lor instance, those reieivcd by the mayor of Kouen, who, on the tiist intelligence ot' liie uioiiiuiues, had Come to olfer to the capital the aid of the patriotic cily o\er wliicli be presided, 'i'hif ui .ve cilij.en i in men lately set otV, ac- compiiiiied by l! ■• honorable .M. Cutel, to truuncr/iun- i«e the city of Hoiieii, the inhabitants of which had nianilcsii'd. on this occasion, so prompt, so noble, and so dctcimiiied a spirit. 'I'liu derpalchcs intcrcepUd by the patriots, llie demands for sule-coiiducts and pass|sjrls made by the lbrei(;n ambassudors, were also addressed to .M. Liilliite, lo wliose holl^e some prisoners bclcingin^ to Itie royal insjps li.id been hmuiiht. Uf this luimljer. nong oliiers, were tlirie sl.ilf ollicer , .\I.A1. Uou.\, de -■seraii, and another, who, grate. ul lor the bospu.iiity which bad been granted thciii, and tor tiio care wliicn had been laUen to spare tluir lues, ai;kiiowlcdf;ed lo their ho.st tiial at the veiy iiiomeiil they had tlilleo into the hands ol the raiisians, liio siulf were deliberating uponwiial iiiLisures should he taken to send two luiii- ilrcd soliiiers, in ibe disguise of working nicn,li)!.eue up- on .M. Lillitte. and bung iiim to the lool ol llie column of the 1 luce Veiidomc, wneie he was to ue instanlly shot. .\fler remaining lorty-eight hours in liio dwelling ol the man liny had condemned lo death, these expeditions judges were pnsciilcd with apparel, by means of which they were enabled to leave his inan:>iuii and mix un- observed among the crowd. It was in the midst of this tumult that the meeting of ibe ijtthtook place, at w hich Ihirty-eiglit or forty depu'i 'S were prcsi nl. .M. Lallitle piesideil, and having explained ItiC si ujtion of Ihe insurrectuinary movo- ineiits, insi-ted iiikiii the necessity ot jjuiug them a proper diicition; he then requested Si. .Mauguiii to express his opinion. 'I'lie lutler spoke Willi llie same patriotism, the same energy wiiico he had shown on tin preceding days, and eonclnded witii saying, that as tin deputies had remained behind the piople, they must now at leasl endi aveur lo overtake them by organising without delay a proiiMouul governnient. A great iiumlier of citizins enntiiiually arriving Irom tlio llutel- de-Villo, pressed lor this ni'.'asure, which was necessa- ry lo prevent Ibe wi.eel of liirlunc Iruiii nyain turning; hut lliere slill were liiiiid peraoiis who hesitated. At longlli Lnlavclle arrived, and having oll'end lo nceepi the command of all the military lurees, llin question was set nl test. 1 must also slate, that (ieneial tierard innneili.itelv declared, lh.it from this moincnt, he should be happy lo serve under the orders of Lifayelte; il was agreed llinl Iho diieetion of the ui tivu opcriUions should be imniedialely eoiilided to him. Lifayelte leipiostvd that a ciiil commission, com|iOB- ed of deputies, should he Ibrinid, blithe deehiiod Ihe honour of naming llieiii liiiiiself His colloagiies then ap|Hiinled M.M. .Maiigiiin, Laihlle. (W .Sboiien, Audry dc I'uvraveau, Loban, and CaHii.iir I'urier, as Munici. pal Coinniissiuncrs, entruitod with the direction of gen- eral atl'iirs. 'I'liB Louvre and th« Tuileries had just been carried, after an obstinate resistance im Ihi' pail of the guard and the Swis«, and prodigies of vahiur oil tho side ol iho (leoplo. 'I'bis jieople, slill the same, walked as con- querors, through Ibe palace uf kings, and Ibero, li bI .M. Lallitte's, ut the llolel-do-Villu, ai at 8ainl Cloud, in every place, il was a Spait in army in lliu puhiue of Xerxes. A« Iho price of llieir victory Ihii [s'ople only wished to place a cnipse upon Ihe Ibroiie ol Charles X.; not Ihe •iimlleC urticlo w^s abstruclcd fium this splendid linbilntion. At anolher point, I th* Afth and Arty-third re|,'tin»nti uf Ihe line, prt- vailed upon by the entreaties of one of M. Laflitle's bro. ihcrs, who had the boldness to throw himself into the midst of the soldiers, had just detached themselves from iho royal troops and returned to their barracks, on condition of keepinir their arms, and that Ihey should not be compelled to fight airainst their comrades. 'I'he combat no longer continued except against the guard and tho Swiss, who were retreating in every di. reclion, when this mcctinj: of the 2!)lh terminated ; it was then that Laliiyetle, honoured with the confidence of the people and the approbation of his eolleaguea, [proceeded to the Holcl-de-Vihe. This inarch, half tri- umphal, half warlike, presented a superb s|icclaclc. Imagine an iinineiise crowd of citizens armed, or vi'ith- onl arms, messing to their breasts the veteran of lihor. ly ; Ihe ininplcd shouts of / tiif /« niilion ! Vitt Lafcy. c!tf ! Ihe noise of numerous partial coinhals which were still Inking place at the barricades, in the streets, in tho houses; hear the acclainatinns of a people abandoned for three days to their own direction, and now seeing a L'encralissimo who reminds I hem of fifty years of com- bats in favour ol' libeity ; five hundred liioiisand men, women, and children lining the streets, leaning from Ihe windows, standing u|k)11 the roofs, waving their hand- kerchiefs, and making the capital resound with shouts of happiness and lio|X! ; iniauine all this, and you will have hut a liiint idea of t'lc (sipular excitement which greeted Iho passage of Lufhyd'o. When the proression, slowly advancing in Ihe midst of lhe.se dcn^e crowds, had .nrriveil in the Kiie aiix Kers, a shoHcr of Iriioloiircd nl hems entirely covered tho parly that surrounded Lafayette. The general imnic. dia'i'ly mounted the tliren cnlours, and all those who lould obtain n p.orlion of ihe paliiut c gift followed bis example. ,\i the (ucve, the people piesenied some wniiniled persons to Ljlayelte. and be pressed them to his bosom. Having, at length, ai rived at the Hotel-de- Ville, where ho was re eivid by (icneral Dubonrg, who bad taken |H)ssession, and by Colonel Ziiniiicr, who had .ilrcady organised a sl:il)', his hi si tare was to hoist the triciiliiureil Hag upon the lower of ihat ancient edifice, ind the foMowing proclamation was plai arded upon the walls of the cajiilal; — " .My dear t'cllow-eilizcns and brave comrades, "The I'imfidcr.ce of the p,oplc of I'aris c:ills me once more to the command of the public tiiree. With joy and dcvotcdncss I have neccpUd the power that has been en- trusted to mc, and now, as in IISI, I feci myself strong in the a|iprobiificiii of my lionnur.ible colleagues, now as.semhb'd iu I'uris. I shall in:,ke no profession of faith ; my opinii ns are known. The conduct ol the P;.risinn popuKiliun, during Ihisc la?l days of trial, renders me ninre than ever proud of being at its head. " Liberty shall triumph, or we will perish logelher. " Vtit tu tibilli ! I lir liipatnr! " LvFAYnTE." Layfayelte was now within the walls of tlial same Hotcl-de-Ville, wliire, forty years bel'urc, aiiotlierieneed trimps and generals, resolving itself into a mullitude of atl.ieks of posts and partial successes; all this, rendered vivid and aniiiialed hy the consciousness of a great tri- mnpli, iiresented a spocturic worthy the [ten of a Tacitus or n ^Salhlsl. The eoiinnission arrived at the ITotelde-Ville, and oecnpicd tliemsrhes nlsnit Ihe most pressing wants of the service, while (ienctals Utrard tiid Pijol were in- spec dcci suci lun altac give Thu ngui fight conti and cone Ol a pre respe natio Tl the Ci Thc( till i LAF.WETTE AND LOUIS KIIILIPPE. t)ne ot" M. Laffitto'ii bro. tlirnvv liimscit' into the 5l dotnclied theinselvea cd lo Ihcir harracka, on , ntid tlint they should it llipir comrndoa. lucd exrcpt uj;ainiit the ' rplroaliiijj in every di. Ilic 2!lth trrminatod ; it red with the confidence itinn of his rollengueg, This march, half tri- ed a superb fiicctacle. ^ilizens armed, or with. ?ls th" vplenin of lihor. Ill niiliou ! Vine Lnfay. iiil ronibala which wore .'I'l, ill the streets, in the ol* II peii|ile abandoned clion, :i!\d now seeing a n of lifiy years of coin- hundred Ihoimand men, treels, leaning from the oli", waving their hund- ital resound with shnuta R nil this, and you will lular excitement which 0. advancing in the middt eel in the Kne aiis Kers, s entirely covered the •. The pencial imnie- ir^, and all tlinre who lint c gift followed hin [ieo|>le |ii'cseiiled some and lie prcr,hed I hem to ai rived ai Ihc llolel-de- (ieiioral Duboiirg, who (lo.icl Ziiniiicr, who had st tare was to hoist the r iif ihat ancient cdlliee, was plai arded upon the id bravo comradci, of I'iiris ckIIh nie once lie force. With joy and power that has been cn- Wl, I (ee\ iny«lf strong ur.iblc enlleapues, now e no proliL'SKion of fiiitli i ■oiiduct of the Parisian of trial, renders me its head. will perish togrlhcr. ill pair If ; " I.\FAVF,TTE." le walls of llial same b( lore, anoth(r gencra- Ihe rtvoliilinn ol ;78tf le way ; " 1 know all mile, and continued lo it a picture these new What mighty recol- Ihers yet iiinrc grand! crowds of citizens, of inili.itnnts, intoxicated iinilsi tlioM^ hiingingn ni lo piiccB ; the bunt lloi r ; Ihat of Charlei ^n|llic'rs arriving from 111!' eiieinies of liberty, riiilerii's, and the bar. colours and dragginfjr d fori'ilily taken Iron) lictiilcd in linsle, and iiirsiii' and harass the guards with nuked iTv point ; the Place 1 wnp;;on« and broken liool ill battle orrny ; ligging the grsve of this coinjiound of a ■ ogainst ex|)erirneed 'If into » multitude of scs : all this, rendered u.iness of a grcil tri- ly (he iH'iiof A Taeilui Itotel-de-Ville, and m\ pressin|[ wants of 1 and Tajol were in- specting the different \id\n\a of delince, as a general and decisive attack from the enemy was still expected. And such, indeed, was the intention of the court, whose co- lumns began to move, and they only abandoned this new attack on observing the measures taken by the people to give them a warm reception. In the niyht between Thursday and Friday, the bivouacs of the pcojile were again disturbed by the apiiearance of some troops ; but lighting had ceased ill Paris; and hostilities were only continued, and that but faiiilly, in the Hois de Boulogne and on the lino of retreat of the royal troops, wliicli were coiieentr.iting at Suint-Cloud. One of the first eaics of liufayctto was then to address a proclamation to the army, in order to Iranqiiiilise il respecting the feelings entertained towards it by the nation. Thus ended the active operations williiii the circuit of the capital. I now return to the liotcl-dc-Ville. CIIAPTKIl V. The Or eanist iiiir;y— >l. l.iiiiU! u ,\\ in litail— Mis eTurts ilurinj; 111 r. I!. II ji'Mis 111 plati; ihi' liukr ui' I'rlfai.s f,n iljc il.t' nr— lie iiC(r;'l coiNiiiiin til u'lis with .Nt'Uily, mi ilirniL'lii nl Tm-xlai Bill! on 111- Inll'iu 11111 iliij>— Tin; I -ilic nf (> ,- n^ |in>sfs ilu- iilulii in u suiniiM r Iidiim' in liib juirk V, avuitl biiie; niMrtlt r.'il— i^rrlvnl ol iliutnvoyB oi'i.linrira .\. ni ihr lliiti;l-ili-V(l!i.' mill a l.atrKle'H irtvlni;— 111 wliai iii:iiiiii-r lliuy nri' rrceivnt— Tlic Triiliiv nieotllltfai .M. I.iitrmifg— I'rii-riire olwunn (MHTi— Tin- ilepailps asM'iiilili' ai Uif I'n in^-H-iiirlnai—'rii-y iiiviie ilie Diikr .f Orlrallfi tit iK'nilne l.tt'ill('li:iM ;■ lli'tal— Hi' llnp- lldl lKte|il .hpir nli'er unUlHl'ur jnvaluy i MMiaiug I'rniCL' 'I'a.leyiaud— Alipcilitli' The only real government was at the Ilotel-dc-Ville, the oiilv lever which could work, the only authority that possessed the confidence of the people, Ihc only one Ihat could settle society, shaken to its very found, lion. The eonibut was over, and it was imw only necessary to con- solidate the victory : were the victors robbed of its fruits ? My readers will decide : 1 ilo not diteniiinc ; I relate events. But, in order to understand suhseipieiit occur- rences, it is inilisjiensablc to return for u inoiiKiit to the preceding days. On the first appearance of the ordiiiaucei!, some persons devoted for many years lo the intiresls of the House o!' Orleans, had coneeiveil the project of oviTtiiriiiiig the elder brniich by means of the younger, iiiid nil their ac- tions during the tlitee days' struggle tciided lo llial re- suit. This teriiiination was more pirtieularly Ihe ruling view of .M. Ijallille. Tlie Duke of ( Irl aiis was al N'euillv, between the court, wliii h eoniiniltril anerrur i.i not suin- moniiig him lo S.iiiil ('Imiil, and Paris, lo Ihe insurree- tiiMi of wliieh he was a cmnplele slraiiL'er. .\:4 early as Wediiesd,.y, at eight o'clock in Ihe iiiorniiig, .M. l,alVnie, who had only arrived a few hours Is'iire, sent fiir the secretary of the Dniliess of Orleans, AI. Oudarl, desired liiin lo proceed lo Nmiilly lo inform llie prince of the ineeliiig of the depiilies wliirli was lo lake place at noon, in the iiouse of .M. .\udry de I'liyraveaii, and lo suppli- eate his royal bigness lo be on his guard against Ihe at- tempts of assassins. This overture, wliieh uiidonhtrdly did not confine itself to simply prudenlial advice, was made on the Wednesilc'v morning, at a lime when nothing had yet Ihtii deeiilid; his liii;lineBS reHecli"il, but gave only «liglit utterance loliis thoughts. 'I'lie Huke ofOr- leons, however, was alive lo Ihe tender solii ilude nf .M. lialfille, and merely through eonileseeiisioiito his banker, he iml himself lo the ineonveiiience of passing n whole iiiglit ill a snininer hoiisi. (kiosqiie) in a rilind pari of his park, and around which vigilant and failhl'iil fri-nils were watching. On the 'I'hiirsday morning, .M. I^altille ogaiii sent I\I. Oudarl lo Nenilly ; his adviie was of a more pressing iialure; he iiiformed the priiici' of wliiil had liken place at Ihe ineelings of the previoiiH day, ol' till' exasperation of Ihe people against Ihc i Id, r branch, of till' ilivelo|)eiiieiil of events, of Ihe nioineiiloUH slate ol niVairs, and Ihe ni'Crssity that the Duke of ( trleans shonlil make up bis iniiiil, within Iwenly.four hours, eillur In wear a crown, or receive n passport. Il is said, lli:it his royal highness no longer hesitaUd, but explained him- self this lime in such u manlier as lo eoiiviiice his par- tisans of his delerininution to make Ihe very ernil sacri- fice they leipiireil of his palriolism ; in fine, the >lie was cast, and the Duke of Orleans condemned himself lo pb ci U|Km his cititen head that crown of thorns to which, as every one knows, he had never raised his ambition. TInif .M. i.nHille, who had exchanged several niesHages with the DnkeofOrleaiia in the course of Wednesday and on lhi« Thiiraday morning, had alrrndy adroitly iircpared Ihe imnds of Ihe depnlns niiil some memlsra o| ihe pro visional government in fmnir of the liiiiteiiiiiev.;jeiieriil of the Duke nf Orliims, al Ihe lime when Iiatayi'te and Ihe miinieipal cominianioii enlahlished Iheiiiselves in Ihi llolrl-dcVille. While the military chiel's were taking measures to con- ! solidate tlie victory gained by the pcojili alone, and the | inunicipul cominisnion and the couinussarics ciiurgud with the diffurcnl departments were reiogiiising He general service, a small portion of the (.'liambcr of Ul- putiea, asocnililed at .M. Latlittc's, wnsoecupitd in settling Ihe new order of things, A depulaliou coiiijK'fcd of .M-M. d'Argoul, Semonville, and Vitrollcs, had jiresciited ilscil' t the Holcl-de-Ville, to treat in the name of (.'harks X. and annouiiee to tile coinmisi^ion the revocation of l!ie rdiiiiuices and llie appoinliiitiit of a new iiiinicitiy, o.' which .A1.\I. (asiijiir Perier and C;er,;rd funned a par!. 'I'hesc eiuovb were iiilroduccd to the niunicipal coiinui.s. ion, and l..atiiyelte was rc(|Uf.sted to be prtatnl. 'I'lii answer was not delayed: the people had loiijii-l to the cry of Dijwn Willi tiit liu'Jiiuii^ ! it was now too lati; ; those liourbons hud ceased to reign. 'I'hio in what MM. Lafayette, Audry de Puyruvcau, and .'Mau^uiii decl.jcu in a loriiiul manner to li.e ambassador.s from S^iiit Cloud, in the presence of .M. Perier, -vho reinaiiud silen!. The royal commis.'- loners were going to ri-tiie, ulitii M. de Seinonville, having addressed Iialayc^tle, the latter i.si;i.d him if the Homisais had adojitid lliilrieolonredcocki:de ; nd upon his answering that it was v.i\ import, .nt .skp, the general replied, tliul if ti.ey felt any nlueloiiee tliuy might dis|]eiise with so doing, as it was now too late i or that nil was over. (-•n the following day, M. de Siissy, bt.uing a letter from .M. d<; .Morlcmart, t'harlrs the 'I'cutli's newly ap- pointed prime lllini^lcr, tngether with the r, vocation ol the ordinances, found l,ai'.iyelte surrounded by lii-< olli- eers and crowd ot eitiziiip. "We may put our>el\i.,- i|nite at ease," said he to .M. de Sll^.sy, •• I am here with my Irieiid-s, I'liiin whom 1 have nosterets i" ,;iid opi'iiiiej the packet, tlio contents of wliieli he read aloud : " \V( II," said he lo the people, "what answer shall we give .'" .No more transaetiona with llicni," was the cry on nil sides 1 " Vou hear," coiiliiiiied r.alliyelte ; " it is lun lull" Sliorlly al\cr, a llag a Iruee in Ihe patriot e.uise, who had bi'i'U sent lo tin; leginiei.ts that dc'eutiid the nrt, li.id leluriied lo say, that the coiiiniai,,!(.r ol" l!ic royal troops al tlic bridge of S,.iiil Clouil, eoiiipl, lined that no explanation had been cnlered into sinei the ie\o- ealioii of the ordinances, and di'iii iitd, d a c.ite^jiuieal answer. Ijal'ayi lie instantly .senl him back with a noli eoueiied in these terms : ' 1 am asked for an explicit answer respecting the situation of ihe royal family since its last all.iek ii|ii.n the public liberty, and the victory of the Parisian piupie ; 1 will give it frankly; it is, that all recoueilialioii is lupossiblc, and that the royal family has ceased lo n.iuii. " Lii-.whrrt." Seeing that their proposes had been resoluli ly re- jected by the men of the Hotel. de.Ville, the eommissinii. ■rs of Charles X. had hoped to meet willi a more favour;;- hie reception at .M. I.iillilte'a. On the IHh, at ten o'eloel, in the evening, M. d'.\rgout had presenli d liiinsi If to the inemlM'rs of the Chaniiier who were assembli'd nt the house of that deputy, and had declared lo lliein, that lie ante in the name of the king, Ins master, to niiiinupie lo llieni the revocation of Ihi' nrdiiianees, and Ihe lorma. lion of a ininislry composed of persons well known and aeeeptabk to the country ; lliiil tilings In ing now brnu'jlil back lo the stale wlienec the \ioliitioii ofllie charter had liireed them, Cliarles \. did not doubt that the iinlionid represeiitalion would mediate, in oriler In place tin people again under his nntliority. 'I'lie answer of .M, liullillewas as piTcmptoiy as lleit ol' l,;ilayetle at Ihe llolel-de-Ville had Is'eii ; "War has settled llin atl'iir," said he, lo M. d'.Vrgoiit ; "Charles X. is no longer kiii^ of Friinee." M. d'.Vrgout withdrew iillir in vain iiisi.l- ing upon the gnaranleeH of inviolability villi whirh, in his opinion, the eoiisliliilloniil null r still environid the kinc's {H'rsoii. A few iniiinles alter, .M. l''orliin.J.inson, earn'' lo anniiiinee lliiit his lirolher.inlaw, the Duke de ,Morleinurt, reipiesteil a safe.eondilii in order to appear Is'l'oie ill" ."leeting of deputies. This di iii.iiid Was com- plied Willi, and IM, lialfittu alone reiniiiiied charged lo answer the om rtnres of Iho new presiihnt ofllie eomitil of Charles the 'I'enth'K ministers; but Al. do .VIortoinurt did nut make his npiieuranc;., •".I'ti, (his moinrnt, Ihu cousc of Iho elder brnneli of the llourhoiiR was iirelrievably lost, not only by Ihe will of the |M'oph', but moreover by the delermiiiallon o^lll^ lwo centres of action that had taken possession of nnd iliiectid the moveininl. The llolel-ile.Ville and l!ie l.allitte meeting agreed as lo Ihe d< liniti\e expulsion ol Ihe reigning liunllv, but not so ns regarded Ihe rirm of goveriiinent lierenrter In Iw adoplril, nor its lo Ihe new dyiiaalylo ht i luclcd. These vial ipii lions were w.irnily (kbated at ihe Flotel.iie.Ville, wl.ile, at .M. l„ ll.llc'^, the de|)ulies were almost unaniiiious fur ehoosing tlie L'ul.o of Orleans;or rather for pioel; lining th.it choice, aliccdy prep;:red by tiie cll'orts ai.d occict in,.)iu;uvre.s ofllie iioa- ourahle hanker. J!eli,re 1 return to L.iJ'iyetle nnd to Ihc municipal com- iiiisHoii, 1 innst relate what had lukin place at .M. J-iallilte's, ill the inlercbt of I.ouis Philip|.c. Already, on Ihe I'riiiiiy, at a very early hour, .severi.l inlimale iriemls, such ;,s .'li.'.l. 'J'hieis, La n guy, and .Wi!;i,et,bad rcpaii'd to his house to comvrt incu^ures to eieuie the success of this grand intrigue. Il was tlieie, even he ore ll.u w i.shes of lije cK pnlies had l:een c, insulted, th.it a pre. I l.iiiatieii was drawn up, callii.g the Duke el Orleans to the leiuleiii-i.ey.^eiierai; there also the iiiofl |.'roj er iiean.s were lielerniined upon to induce the inlliii-iiij,.l ■juinals to cuter into lliii cunii.,inntiMi. This lilllo ■ iivuiiUi of a new I ind only leil the Solooiis of M. Lalliltc, in order to lem/, i'/i,//i a nn cling of patriots i,s. .hied at tl.i' reslLUruleur, Loinlier's, ai d in which Ihc {;ciieral o|Ji:ieii that |,icv.iiKd was, tli;,t i-s li.e peo- I le uloiie hud coiiiiueri-d, the people ought lo be con- ullid fust of all. .Mjout k;i o'clock, ainiosi all the deputies present in '.iris a->einlib d.d M. Lallil'.e's; some peers iilso repaired thilher; uiuoiii,' them was li.e Duke de lin ;;lie, who poke lit great h nflli iiprn the exciled li i liiijis of Iho people, and the dangers of a republic. Tlie.se danger.", lull iilioiiiilly e.Miguerateil by M. Diipin, prndeeed general iiixiity, of wliieii .\1. Lalhlle aKili'nlly took ar the deputies i'y\' IVaiier, 11 eoiislituli;;g the govi nimeiil of a ertal em- pire, was the I'l.l.iis-lloiirbon, anil not the eal.init of a piiva'e iiiili\ii!iial. 'I'his advice prevailed ; it was si Ilk d tlial ill two linurs they should nicil in lluir ordinnry phiee of silling, iind the Orleiiiiisl,- took advantage of this iiilerViil lo reUt ubie tin ir etl'orls and billies. llowiM r on the opening ol' this iiii inoralle sitting, noil inns appe.ircd more divnli d t!i; ii cm r ; tvery system, \iilli llie cxei plinii of a ri pill lie, liimid pjr'isnns ; they spoki , by turns, o 'tie Dukeoi'Orleaii.^, the Dnkede lioi- ii<';iii\, II e Du'vi' of AnL'oiilemc, and even of Charli.« X., \\\i\ inereiiii'l,- as il may si, in, slill had an evident in;;- ii.rity ill his fiVniir. It w;is ut this deei-ive mi.niei.L tlial y\, Sebasliaiii was heard loe.velaini, speaking of lliD trill, Iniind ll.ig that had bien lioi,led at thu Ilotel-de. N'ille; 'ilil (lull/ uiUiaiinl jUig al Ihm liiiir in I'lV le/iitc llii'j I It was al.o upon tlii.i occasion tliut M. de Siis-y, iin-iiecesslnl at the llolel-de-\ il!i', came lo pieseiil In llie Chainber the rnvoeiilion ofllie oidinaneis nnd the lorniali'in of a new ininislry, insisting, but to no pur- pose, as it may lie supposed, upon M. L,illille's delivering lilt se appoiiitini Ills to llio-e fur whoinlhey W( r, iiilendi d. I'he priniipi.l ohji el of this niieting was to p;iss tl e ileel.irntioii which was lo call the Dukr of Orliiuis to ll:n III iileniiiiey-i;i iieral of the kiligdoin. \ eoniinilUe hud hull appointed In prisiiil a npoil lo the Chiiniber U|inn this iiiiporl,,iil measure, and Ihey hud riided to their iiimibi r SI M rill inemliers of Ihe Chiiiiiher of I'eers, ;iniolig whom wi.s tl;e Duke de Itroglie. A wiTiU ills. I Ksioii iinise in this eoiniiiitlee, eoinposed of deputiii I piers, IIS til the prineiph' upon which Ihe throne was lo be die|,rid vueaiil ; Ihe |H'its and some deputies In- -isti d upon the ah, It was .M. de Tulleyrnnd. .\ceordingly, AI. Seliiiitinni re|>aircd secretly lo the ex-graiul. chamberlain of Charles .\., become, as is here sicn, the sovereiiin arl'ilcr of llio .luly revolution. There also he l(>und a brave admiral, of whoso royal 1st sentiments there was no doubt, but whose hoarl, ne. vortholess, bled at the suflbrlngs of his country. .M Siibastinni presented the declaration of the deputies lo .M. da Talleyrand, who answered, "It is well; it must *i3 accepted;" and Iho Duke of Orleans accepted ae. cordingly. These facts, I ropeal II, are here given tvi'.h rigorou.i exactness. Now, l«l these early private understandmgs be conn dored in conjunction with the motives which afterwards dclermineii M. Laffitlu to resign; and a key, will, per- liaps, l» toiiiiil lo many llimgs imr which llierc has hi Iherto liuiig an ini|>eiielr»blc mystery.* At ill events, after an interval of three quarters of an Innir, the Duke • It Is writ liieiwn lint ili'' ili'iirniliiliiu rnu«i' nf M l.iilUni V r i*IKIiall"n, wail. IIih illliritvrrv whirti l|.* Ilisite. Iliat nnnii' nl till dipinmtlli ili'>iiaicliea wcrii nlitilii'lil lYoiii tlin u>i|iil«iiiire ul llir riiunrll of mlnlstrrs, at wlilcli li« nn* pr. uileiil. of Orleans, attended by Messionra Sebasliani and Dupin, returned to the deputation, and declared lliat he accepted llic lieulonancy-gencral. ( HAPTER VI. Repuiinancc of Ilic Iloinl ileVillo to ihe noininatlnn of Ihc Ouke of Orlrana lo tlic liculiMinncvfneral— l.afsyi'lte's advice iip'>a this Hcciuinn— His wiah ihai ilio primaiy asKinlilii-s sIotiiUI I"' cnnvvni'il— His reascins for iini prinlniiiiinii a tipuhlic— I'nr rr- ji'ctM.n Hi'nrj V. wlih a ncciicy, wlilcli wan oIIitoiI him— For riiji'ciinn .N'niHiloon II.— UorrMpondence betweea Joseph Jlonn- pane and l.afayelie. And now what was taking placo at the Hotel-dc- Ville ? There, the men who had just made the revolu- tion, and particularly the young men, who still had arrus in their hands, lonilly demanded a repiiblic, with Lafayette for its president. Numerous bodios of pa Iriols pressed him lo seize upon power before the in- trigue, which they saw at work, should have laid hold u|>on il. But, although touched with gratitude, Laliiy- elte riovcrlhcless persisted in his adherence lo Ihoso principles of disinterestedness which had lioon the rule of his [lolitical life ; he ro|ielled in an alTectionato but determined nianher the solicitatious which met him on all sides. I even remember that amidst the throngs which successively surrounded him, and the contradic- tory offers that were made him, some men, less republi- can than the worthy general, came and said to him, "Well, if wo must"havo a king, why not you?" "1 will answer you," returned Iialiiyetle, " in ihe words of the .Marshal de .Saxe, when it was proposed to him to become a member of the French academy —' That would sit as well upon me as a ring upon a cat's paw.' " Lafayette's explicit wish, that which he had repeat- edly expressed, was tor the ap|mintmenl of a provisional government m.til the primary assemblies should havr liecn convened, agreeably lo the form indicated by the Constitncnt Assembly, ano the nation should have ile- clared its will as to the form of government it consider- ed suitable for il, and as to the dynasty lo he Ibundcd —ill the event, be il well understood, that that will should 1)0 pronounced in favour of the monirchical sys. lem. But such was not the opinion of the deputies; and it must hero be homo in mind thai they represent- ed eighty thousand of tho most res|KXtable class of citi- zens in tho country, and that the llxod principles of La- fayette im|)osed the obligalioii H|)on him to bow with deference lielbre this national reproscnlation, however incomplete and vicious it might otherwise appear in his eyes; rioither ought the electoral events which had pro- ceded by a few days only tho revolution of July, lo be overlooked. The press, the patriotic societies, all the liberals in short, had united and diroctcd their efforts towards one solo end, the reelection of the two hundred and twenty- one who had voted the address. Tho liilc of Franco seemed to depend on this result; and lo attain il, these prinripU-men had in some sort been deified, without, however, overrating lh« intrinsic civism of a gmat many of Ihoin: it was an urgent nececsily of tho time; but this iioceasity had acquired Ibr the ro.cleeled an un- limitod confidence, tho t'eeling of which (wwerfiilly swayed the public mind nt the moment tho ordinances ap|irari'd. 'I'lie whole of Franco was then in a manner under the s|)ell of the enlhnaiasni oxi;ited hy Ihe elec- tion proceeciings. Now, the two hundred and tweiily- oiio, Iheuisolvcs the objects of that entliusiasm, which was still at its height, would have neithfu Iho provi- .liunal govirnincnl nor tho priinilivo assemblies called for by the wishes of Lafayetle. What was lo be duiio ' was he lo disavow the author- ity, at hast the moral authority, of the ChaniN'r, and come lo a rupture with it? Unt, in iho general (Iis|h)- siliun of mill's minds, would not this have ex|>osed him lo uuarrol with the greater iinmber of the depart meiits, anil to SCI' perhaps Ihe revolution limited to Paris' Kcjod to-day, as unworthy, those vary men who but yesterday had been borne triumphantly on the shield of hbcrty as hnr firmest supporters I In Bctmf{ thus, who would not have dreaded to ap|iear as insullmg the na- tional underslandiiig, as •aparating the cause of llic provinces from that of Iho capital, and ii« provoking a civil war which might then have suiothorod the revolu- tion in its cradle ' These paramount ccmsidoralioiis the pBtriots li»> fre- ipiently lose sight of, when, pulging from after events, and wilhoiil reiMirring to original circumstancos, lliey blame liaOiyetle for having remained faithful lo his |m. litical creed, in nol forcibly ovorconiing lh« resistance of a Chamber in which, in ttie ahaencv of all oilier na- tional representation, he beheld the chosen of the people. A minister of Charles X. had asked for a monarchieal .5tll of September. Well llun I to have trampled on tlic will of the ChambiT of IX'putics, in llic crisis into which llin country had l«-en so uncx[)eclcdly plunged, would have been considered by France as a republican aolli of July. And who, at the tinie, would not have shrunk from the possible consequences of n national re- action .' Doubtless, the people had been robbed of Ihe fruits of their victory hy intrigue; but that intrigue was clothed in the senatorial gown, and il was not for Ihe sword of Lafayette to attack it in the very sanctuary of the national representation. Bt'sidcs, it is true, that, considering the licuanan- cy.general of the Diike of Orleans as merely a I'orin of government essentially provisional, this choice was more satisfactory t« Lafayette than any oilier. Indeed, when interrogated as early as the Friday morning, by the friends of his royal higlmiss, he had told them thai, without know ing much of that prince, he esteemed his |K"rsonal character, and the simplicity of his manners; Uiat he had witnessed his ardent patriotism in his youth; that he had fought under none but the tri-colourcd flag ; and that these considerations sufficed to induce him to offer no opposition lo his being enln.stcd with the lieu- tenancy-general. Independently of this arrangement, there were three other alternatives; a republic ; Henry V. witli a regency ; and Naimkmn II. or a regency in his name. These three systems had each its parlizans, and here it is pro- |)er lo reply with iMUidour lo the reproaches with which they have all assailed LaliiyeUc. It is certain, and Louis Philip|s: himself then acknow- ledged it, that the republic, whicli engrosses all the afi'ec- lions of Lafayette, was esscniiiilly the licst form of go- vernment to be adopted. Hut, in the circumstances of the coimlry, was it possible to ovcrlmik ihe force of the painful impression which Ihe word republic had left in France, and the drcail which that name still inspired in the contemporaries of llir riigii ol terror, and in the sons of the niiiiierous victims who Imd |H'rislied under it? Frightful rceollcctioiis Issct every mind. They saw, doubtless without cause, but, they thought they s.-iw ol- ready a rcvivtil of tho.sc ri'volnlioiiary tribunals, in which counsel were llirbiddrn to defiiid, and in which a jury, silt'-slyled republican, composed of Ihiiiy, fi>rly, and tlien of sixty, judicial murdcrirs, made the gnillolini' stream with blood, amidst itIcs of Vire lu f.ihtrle ! and scut in- discriminately In the scallold all tlint was conspieiious for merit, for lalnils, tor serviers pcrl'ormid, or i ven for iM-anty ; for beauty itself was thru a title lo proscriptiim. 'V\,c republican niarriagisof Nantes wire not forgotten;'' tlie horrors of tiunine, bankruptcy, the maximum, the mutual dcuuncialioiis, Ihe cimlisealions, and those fright- ful days, when turrorisiiT, in a stale of madnes.s, 'lad es- tiihlislicd it as a prim iple of government, that the tree of liberty ought to be walend with blood, and that moniy iiinst Im' coinid on the I'hirr ile la Itiiuliilinti. These reniiniseencea of an I'lKieh too near our own limcK, terri- fied many minds, wiiich relleclcd nol that almost all there horrors wen committed by the eounlcr-revolution- isis, and at 'he instigation of torcigners, to (lollulc tlic sacred names of liberty, equality, and republic. It was remcmlsTsd, too, that even under the Republic, when brought back to Is Iter principles by Ihe eonslilution of Ihe year III., and likewise iniili'r the Directory, Fraiiee had slill groaned under many acts of violence, dilapida- tions, and corruptions; and that. In short, Ihe country had Imiu reduced lo consider Ihe transaction ol the IHlh Drunmire as the only means of prevcnlinir the return ol jacobin terrorism. Such, it must Is- confessed with pain, were the events which, giving rise lo a prejudice as riih- eiilous as it was unjust, and to a lamentable conromuling of the Kepubhe with the excesses to which II had served as a pretext, had h'ft in men's brciisls ii ilccidi d aversion for thai deiioniination of government. Il was uscIcm lo urge Ihi'l if, ill aneii'ul times, and more recently in France, in Venice, and in (Jcnoa, tlic term republic hod denoterl ideas of terror, and even of slavi'ry, il was quite otherwise when applied to llie American slalis, where, on Ihe eontrnry, it expresses principles, anil eslabliihes t'aels, iliiimelrically op|Hisite lo llintu- so much reprolsitcd. But the prejudice was not the less prevalent; and it is undeniable, that with the exei plion of a very tew old re piililicans, and of a great many young men, whn, Ihoiigh enamouri'd of that I'orm of government, had not yet |s r hH|)s very setllid notions as to the dcnioeratie urrange- • 'I'lils wn» Ihi' lirni tUm l.i llie ■! nwiiiiii' iif Nniiic., whli li ninpl.lwl In hiliilliiii ihki-IIii r n iiinii suit n wiminii, snil Itirn liri'- i-lpliailiii ihem iiitii ihi) waves, by lueaiia uf a vesMl wlih a valve In iu hiiiinm. I,A1.VYETTE AND U>riS PIIILIl'l'E. n chosen of the pvoplc. kcd for a iiionarcliicti) D linvf tramplod oil Uiu ioB, in till' rrisis into unexpectedly pUinged, 'raiicc an a republican time, would not have lences of a iintional re. ad been robln^d of the ; but that intrigue was niid it was not for the 1 the very sanctuary of uderinff the licutenan- is as merely a form of I, this choice was more f otlier. Indeed, when ■iday ninrninB, by the e had told tliein that, wince, he esteemed his ilicity of his manners ; patriotism in his youth; It the tri-colourcd Hag ; Reed to induce him to ■ntn.Kted with the lieu- neiit, there were three nry V. witli a regency ; ill his name. These alls, and here it is pro- reproaches with which K' himself then acknow- I engrosses all the afl'ec- ly the Ix'st form of go- II the eireumstances of erliiok the force of the rd republic had lel\ in I name still inspired in I tirrnr, and in tlie sons lad iH'riFhed under it ? iry mind. 'I'hey saw, y lliuught they saw al- lary tribunals, in which I, and in which a jury, [f lliirly, forty, and then :le the guillotine siri'nm [.iherlt .' and sent iii- thiit was eniispieuous [KTlnrmed, or i ven for lille to prnseriptioM. wire not Ibrgolten;* the maximiiiii, the oils, and those fri^rhl. of mndlii'ss, 'mil es- menl, IImI the Iriv of iDil, and that money lluoliiHiiii, 'I'hesii )tir own liniev, terri- iiiil thai almost all ■ eoiinlerrevolution- igiirrs, to imllutc tlic nil n public. Il wa» the Republic, when liy the constitution of the Directory, f'rancc f violence, dilupidn- II short, the eonnlry ransaction ol the IHlh venting the return ot 'onfesseil with |>nin, to n prejudice as ridi- mentnblc eonriiinuling o which il had served sts a decided aversion nl. 1 1 was iiselcsi lo nd more recently m le term repubhc hod slavery, Il was quite lerican stales, where, ipliis, and eslablishes so much reprolsiled. prevalent; and it Is of u Mry lew old re iig men, who, tliongh lenl, had not yrt |m r deinuumtic arriuige- d I'liiMv* itf Nntiie*. wblf'h n wniimii. nnil Ihrll (m-. Ill' ■ vriarl wiih I volTS Hieiits that would suit them— it is, I say, undeniable, that with few exceptions bi'yond lliese, llic proclaiming »)f a ri.'public would have given rise to almost universal ■■arm and op|)ositioii in France^. And again, would tlie nriny have been us favourably disposed for a repubhc, as for a prince raised lo the throne by the voice of llie <'h«mbi-r of Deputies? 1 think not. Next came to Is- considered Henry V., with n regency. Placed as 1 was, forlimatcly, about Lafayette's person, knd honoured with his contidencc in these trying mo. Bicnts, I can affirm that to llie last instant, and even while Ibe deputies were deliberaling on the lieuti'iiancy- •fcncral, pro|K>8als were made him on that subject; and that the regtmcy was re|H:atedly offered to him. Hut il was evident the Carlist party, both clergy ami nobility, iouglit in this arrangement n truce only, as r medium through which to return again lo another state of tliiiigs. Ilesidi-s, Ihe principle of legitimacy would have ill ae- corded with republican institutions: tlic answer of F.u- faveltc was as it ought to be. 'And tinally, there was a third allcrnative, which con. iistcil in calling lo the throne Napoleon II., or consti- tilling a regency in the name of that young Austrian prince. On this subject I cannot better unlold the motives that (wnyed Lafavette, than by producing the letter which he wrote to the" (bunt rie Hiirvilliers, Josi'ph Itonapartc, in knswcr lo an overture which that prince made him on tt;lialf ol'his nephew. I ask pardon of llic noble general ifcr having availed myself of my situation about his (M-r- Ion, to copv Ihcfc im|)ortant documents; which, how. ^ver, I should have abstained from publishing, if the letter to which his was in reply had not been inserted in kn American jimrnal, by the special cure of Trinci! Joseph fcimself At all evcnlsi I offer these paiwrs to the par. lisuns of the Nuiiolcon li nasty, as llie apology for the 4ondiiet observid by I.al'iyette in regard lo lliem, and ts the expression of ) is individual scniiinenis towards that im|>erial family, between whom and himself there ba.s always existed, and slill exists, an inlcrchange of liindnrsses. Hut how was it to lie cxiH-cted that he, who £i the course of a long life hud sacrificed his dearest af- lections lo his political duties, should in this instance •How private ivinsidcralioiis lo outweigh that which he Seemed necessary for securing the liberty and happiness "tef France I [Here follows the correspondence which has ■Iready appeared in almost every newspaper in Ihe y^'nion.] CH.M'TKU MI. LaftilHIc lakt'alwn iin'al liii'ii«iiri»— riie lliitcl-ili ■Viiln ami tlie "rliiilulior ipf lleputii'K.oii till' •i\ "I .\iiijiisi— halliyi'tle lii«l»l« llial i'\riviliin|! xhiill n'lnaih In n pniviMiiiial slali'—i Intel nf ihicliiy -Visit nl llie Ulikeiil llrliMIl' 111 111" Miilrl ,li'.Vlll('--Op|»i«ilicili 111 llie l.k'Uli'liniii) n nil— LaUiyflie's illiiilit to B|.|Kiiiir iIiik ■ )|>)>'>!,iliMii — 'I'liu p riiailes .\. seeks tereiire liiinl.n Vniilre— 1'.\|« iliilim in Ham Imiiilli't : I.afiiyelle wailed until 'he represcntalives of tin! coiin- Irv should lake that first sti p, in the name of the people, tiliieh none but they had ii right lo take. His accession |o |H)wer, however, was marUed by two great imasiires, vliich France wouhl most cerlaiiily not have obtained ilher from the government or Ihe legislaUire, had lliey ii'eii siibniillcd to their decisions. He hasleiied lo pro. laim, in a solemn manner, and as an absoliile prelimi. iiry lo any future arraiigemcnl, the doclrine of Hie iveri igiily of Ihe people, wliieli Na|sileon and Ihe Hour- Mills linil placed, for Ihirly years, among the iiiimlH'r of Nililieal eliiineras, and even of wicked iiilenlioiis. He liiil down as a principle, and carried into effeel, Ihe iniiiiig of Ihe whole milioii, town anil country, lliem. ■Ives ap|H>inliiig their olUeers; a principle which ilaleil _oin 17^^11,11111 which Ihe dcspolism of the last thirty. Ivo yiiirs h.iil iiIho rejected as Ihe most dangerous ntiii- iiiitiuns, the most incompniilile with |iiililie nriler iiiiil le mainlen.ince of power. 'I'hi' reeepliiin w'hieli the jnioimeing of such doctrines had eneimnlered in the Ihamlier whenever Iiafayette ventured lo profess them, od made him feci the necessity of eatablisiiing Ihem as right, and iiiilting Ihem in action before either the 'liniiilM'r, or king, could have an op[Kirliinilv of loinbal. ^g or miNlilyiiig them. And, indeed, who can now iiiibl, biiil Ihi'M' two capital iiislitiilioiis Ih-cii iiii tliodi- lllv silhiiiitted lo the king's eoimeil, or to the delils'ra- "11 III Hie legislature, but tliiil liny would hiiM' Ih'cii liililiiled ' Ih it not, above all, evident thiit ii /miirl lo liiii|«)Me the niilioniil guard of nil the eili/elis, and to in- I'Kl it with Hie right of choosing its own otHcers, would nve Im'iii, without remorse, llirowii out by pushing lo i« order of the day / This ii so Iriic, that IiBliiyette IcM had to oontciid for the prr»rrv«lion of the principle hich he had put in vigour, and that, upon one occasion, a short time aller the first days of the revolution, he was obliged lo eonlradict, liy an order of the day, a publica. lion of the government which tended lo reduce the arm- ing of Ihe national guards lo towns containing Uirec thousand or more inhabitants. I now return lo what took place on the -Jd of August, in tho I'hnniber of Deputies anil at the Hotel.de.Ville. The members present in I'aris had rais»'d the Duke of Orleans to Ihe licntenancy -general of the kingdom. A deputalion of the ("liamlier repaired lothe Holel-elc.Villc, lo iiiforin I.at'ayette of this hirislative ilecision, to which he elid not liesitale giving his assent, expressing, how ever, his perliet eonviclion that all that had taken plae'c must only \v; provisional, and that nothing was yet eU tinilive but the victory niiil sovereignty of thi; i«'oplc. This opinion was ilislinelly repi?ated in an nriler of the day which hi,' puhli.«he'el ein the 'M of August, and which he said : " In the glorious crisis in which Parisian energy has reeoiniuereil our rights, all yet riinains provisional ; iheTC is iiolliing delinitivi' lint Hie sovereignty of Hieise national rights and Hie eternal reiiienibrame of the grand week of the people." The pro|K)sal of the lieiitenane-y.geniral had been transmitted to the Duke of Orleans on the' Friday even- iiig. The priiK. , on his return the sanie day to thi' I'alais.Royal, lia.'^leni'd to si'iid and I'onipliment Ihe Ho- tcl.de.Ville and (Jcncral lialaye tie'. On Ibe Saturday morning he laiised his visit to be aniioiinei d to him. Meanwhile the iiomination of the' Duke of Orleans had met with a strong opposition among Hie ceniiliatants of .luly. No complaints wi're^ made against this )irinei' ; but his lieing a Hoiirbon was a lircmu.'itanee invincibly repugnant to tlie^ majority of the liti/.ciis who hail shed their blood during the llire'c days. This name exeiteil hateful recollections and a violent irritation, when tin lieulenant-gcne'ral of the kiiigelom arriveel at the' Hotel ile.Ville, where he might hear a few shouts of / /r»' Ir Due il'Orlenns ! drowned by the cries, a tlioiiFaiid limes re'|H'ate'd, of lire la J.ihcrlt I Vire Lnfinjrllr '. This op. |s)silion was rcnewe'd yet more strongly the moment Ihe prince entered the hall of the throne. Young men still covered with perspiration anil dust, answered the iries of Virr h Dm iVOrliiins'. iitlere'el by Hie deputies, with a very significant cry of ( iit Lnfayrlle! i'roelamatinns wliiili spoke of the priiii'e with eulogy, had been torn ilown, and the agi'nts who had placardeel tliiin had been seized auel ill Ire'aleil by the people. The I'liirr of the Holel-de.Ville was filliel with an imine'iii'e erow el, among whom a great many were heard lo exclaim : \o more Hoiirliojis ! Till' reception which Iiatliyelti' was about lo give the lii'iilenaiit-gencral was impatii'iilly ex|Meled ; all I've'S were turne'el towards these' Iwei personages ilepiily, .M. Vii'iinet, read the' ile'ehiratieiii of the Chanibir, which excited no sensation ; but when liafiiyetle, holding out his hand lo the Duke of Orli'ans, ililivered to bin tricoloiireil ling, aiiel eemdni'led him to one of the windows of till' Hotel-ek'-Ville', the' cnllmsinsiii was reiiiwed, aiiel shouts less unfreipiinl of ^ ire le Due d'Orlenus! mi gled with universal erics of I iir hifiii/rllr ' Cireiim- slaiiees, howiver, were assuming a serious aspei I ; in the interior of the llotel-de-Ville, anil even under Ihe eyes of the prince, dise'ontcnt was cxpresseil in iine'i|iiiviie'al terms; ticiieral DnlMinrg, (sinie violently |wrseciileil by Hie ministry of l.onis Philippe,) opening a window anil showing the people lo His lloyal HiulmeKs, evi n went so tiir as to say; " iMonseigni'iir, yon kimw our wants iiiiil our rights; should you liirget Ihem, we will bring llieiii lo your r ille'elinii." In hue, il was In be liareil that the people would ri'siime their arms anil again lake posvession of the helel of bailie. Then did Lafayette' make use ol his iil|.|Hiwi'rf1il au- thority with the liaili rs of Ihe insurrietion, .ind obliiin from them a promise llial trani{iiillity slionld not he ills. tiirbed, engaging on bis part to obtain from Hie new |Hiwirs Ihe guarantees wliieli Ibe revobilion had the right lo exact, and wliieli he summeil up in Hie wenis, « /mi/iii/hi thrnne, nurrnumled with rrpuhliriiu innlilulwun : llial is lo say, Ibe aeloplion of the fundamental iloi irine of Hie sovereignty of the |H'opli', the alsilition of the hereditary iseragi', the alsilition of the pro|K rty ipmlifi- calioli for liepiiliei, the most extensive applienlinn of the broadest eli'itoriil prim iple lo tin' munieipiil anil loiii. iniinal organiHalion, the rc-iri .seeing this maniiiivre, hastened lo liiriii a corps of fillnii or twenty thousand volimti ers, the eiiniMiuiiii of wliieli hi' eiitnnli el lo (ieiii ral Pajol, iippoinled Colonel .lucijueininot hi .'id nl'the slull', with his son (ie'ni'ge' Lafayette as his aiile'.eli'.e'amp. This army, exhiliiling so lientastic an appearanee In its diversity of eostuuies aiut arms, in tile' number of eiiiinibiises, fiacres, cabriolets, and veliie le's of e \e ry kinil, whieh were lei con- vey them lo Ihe field of battle ; but at the same lime si> inleresting by its arileuir and patriotism ; bi gan its march to Versailles, alli'r being ri\iewid by Lalliyi He in the Chanips-Klysei's. The previous ilay, a weak ailviiiiced glinril, eommanili'd by Colonel PeK|iie', hael Ik en directed tewards this point, in oreler to follow the i ni iny's move- Hunts, anil lo claim the erown jewels, wliiih the' reiyal I'limily bad carried off. This lnls^ielll occahionid the ex- change' of some flags of tniei', ami it was wliili' acting in thill lapaiity that Colonel Peie|iii, whose saeiiel chu- riieler was so shamefully ilisri gareleel by a general iieiw in iielivc servii e,t was fired at by a Sw iss platoon ; his horse was killeil and this brave iflieer's font was shat- tercil. In the night after Ihe ile|iartiire of the patriot army, Laliiyelle niiivid, at the Hotel. de-Ville, u \isit from a general iifhcer, w ho, having been at Itnmbouillet at Hie lime when Charles X. was n \ii wing his lri>i>|'s, hail availeil himself of the opportimily lo eolliil the most exact partieiilurs respeitiiig the strength of the' royal aniiv. Tliis army slill consisteil of t'eirly pice'es of'eaniion and twelve tlioiisaiid efrei'li\i' men, iiieliiilinLr ihrie fine en vahy reginicnts. Laliiyitle was not withiiiit iini'iisine>i> at till' tliouglit that this artillery and ea\alr\, which he was informed wen; aiiiiinilid with Hie M ry worst spirit, might, in the plains of liambonillel, iittaek the patriot fiiri'i's w illi .iilvantage, the formation of whieh had bi'eli so s|H>ntaneous and so iiii'oiiiple'le. He iuimidialelv transmiltiil the iiieotilil.'" he had just ree'eivid lolieiiiral Pajol, ilireeling him, in the evenl of an altiick, lo repair lo the wnoils, where Ihe eolnnteers would not liiil to re- lover Hii'ir Miperiority. Fnrtiiiiiili 1\, Ihe rapid and IhiIiI movenii'iit of Hie Piiiisiaii iimy bad oierawid the royal fiiiiiily, and the appii liended eiillishiii did not lake place. The three commissioners iVoiii the prinisiiiiial govern. • Il tinilH'cii I'slmlv nMurli il ilinl l.nniyi'lli', rhnwliin llie Huko irorlinnn In Ihr prnlili', hnil miIiI lifhi.l,! Mr liill „/ nilllUlrr t.atayi'tie linn e-Xiiliiiiii il IiIn (liniiuiii". le it ri'« in be i ri it nl nlmtilil Ih> irniighl In n roinl iiinrtiiil, i 'niniit'l I'lHiiie- liait iti.' geiH'riislly In liii- Itlnifi tiirglvsni'Ns lilt tliiR Vniiilnl, riiifl lerii luutel Hint till iiaiiie ■■hniitii lint ho liiai rird in llif nntii ntlliii ilny ^' 10 LAFAYITTE AND LOMS I'lUMPPE. \( !■ iiicnt, MAI. Maison, Oililon-narrot,niid Sclionrn, arrived at Ramliouillet, wlicii it was aj;rcod that the crown Jewels sliniild be restored, and that the royal family should withdraw by siiort stajfes towards riierbouifr, (iillowcd by such troops as eliose to accompany tlicm tn tlie frontier. This day presented an a.stonishing spectacle. On one ■idc, a perjured kin^, who, alter tearing to pieces the fundamental compact, proclaimed ahsnlute power, eauserl hia fellow countrymen to be Hreil ui>on and butchered dur- ing three days, ordered the very men in whose |>ower he now found himself to be arrested and shot, was tra- versing Fr*uee under the prolidiiin of lliree euinniis- sioncrs, weariuL' tlie Irieoloured cockade, through a population still trembUng witli indign.ilion, willioul. however, any demonstration of resentment, to insult such well deserved niislorlune. On another side, lilleen or twenty thousand Parisian volunteers, returning to their homes, without marking their passage by a single ex- cess. Again were to be seen the state carriages covered with gilding, and drawn by eight horses, richly capari- soned, crowded inside and out with patriots lau^jiing aloud to find themselves seated U|)on the eusliions oi royalty, yet even re»i)ecting these remains of chastised vanity. Tlic following is the order of the day published by Lafayette, at the tcnninution of this adventurous ex[ie- dition ; — ouoF.n. or the niv of tiif. Firm of Aiiiisr. " So many prmligies have marked the last week, that when acts of courage and devotedniss are ri'ipiind, v.c can henceforwaril bv' astonished at nothing. The general in chief, however, thinks it his duly to ex;)ress the pulilic gratitude, and his own, for the jiroiiiptilude and zeal vvilli which the n:itional guard and the volunli er corps rushed along the mad to Kamlionillel, to put an end to the la.st resistance of the cx-myal faniily. He likewise owe- thanks to the brave men of Romim, Iiunviers, and Klbi iif, who, coming to fraternise with us, thnui;ht they I'ould not better fulfil that objcet than by joining the evpedi- tionary armv umler the orders of tieneral I'ajol and Co- lonel Jae>|uemiiiot. " In the midst of the services rendered to the eo\mtry by the Parisian [Mnpli' anil the young men ol'the schools, there is no g>M)d citizen who is nut penetrated with ailmi- ralion, with contidenee, I will eviii say w ith reverence, at the sight of that glorious iiniiorin of thi' Polyteclmie school, which in that critical moment made each indivi- dual so powerl'ul lor the comiuest of lilierty, and the pre- servation of pulilie order. The general in chief rei|uist-i the students of the I'olyli ehnie scliool to name one of their comrades to leinain with him as one of his aides- dc-cimp. "Colonel Pofjue, aide-de-camp to the general in chief, had been sent four days before by the provisional cum- mission, and by himself, to follow the movinitnt of the royal troops, and tullil a mission of patri.ilism and gene- rosilv. It was while waiting thi' nturu of a ll.ig of truce, that he was fired npim and severely wounded. .\ strict emiuiry will take place respeeling this outrage. The general in eliief confines himself at this moinenl to making known the intrepid, able, and generous eondn( I of Ccdonel Pofjue, and rendering justi(c lo yoiniLf .M. Dubois, who evinced, upon that oecasion, remarkabh ability and courage, as well us to the brave brig.idier (d cuirassiers, Pradier, and some otiiers, who were near the colonel. " The brave volunteers who, nniler the orders of their intrepid chief, Jouberl, aceomplislied so much during the Ihree grand days, have again distiiiL'ui died tliein- M'lves under the orders of the same chit t', truly worthy to command thiin, by their zeal in the expedition lo Rambonilli't. "Our btethren in arms from tlie piilriotic town ol Havre had also man bed to assi>i| ns; Ihi'y yeslerday entered the capital to fraternise with us. " I.\K*VKTTK." CMAPTi:U VIII. A ffsh irrlisti'in if Mintur'-i''l iti Tails- ili-rhinttof t'le •«r.|i|(,i) ni IH:in -I,flfuyi'lli'»avef ihii < li iiiilt i — lh» uti.rai tnilu'-nr- !nvi> iiiiilitNife tn'iliff iii'M )Mtw< r— lie ili'rlitr.'i nitiniiMi ili" IiiikIiiiiv IMM'in^i — Pnrnriil rn 'ef|HTilita iIh' lleoiid l.'liiiri i ll is it> leiniiMPil Ihni the xnriiiirv ol'lle- llireur kIiiiII be liaKvl tl|MiM iIm •iHllrnllim or Clinilca X nml llie li»u|>lilii— rrlvnlu duniMinii mid nifl'iiiK imrni-iilinrit'n ilmi ixilijiti. ■ hiring the ev|X'dilion to Itainbouilli I a fresh irritation WHS inanifesli'd in Pari«. The Chnrter, modified by .\I. lierard, was known. This ill fiirmed plan of a eoiiklitii- tloii, remodelled u|Min ll" syslpin which hnd just Iser destroyed, wus f^ti from fulfilling Ihu c.xpectatiuiis uf the revolution, as it sanctioned the prineipul abuses of that "ystein, and repudiated every idea of national I'onscnt. There was, moreover, some intention of voting the iicer- age hereditary; general indignation was manifested among the men ol' July ; treason even was s:,id lo exist 1 It was the 3d of -\iigusl, tiie day appointed by the government of Charles X. for the meitiiig of the Chanibers. 'J'he deputies attiielied much iin[iortancc to the circumstance of o|>cniiig the Ht'rtthitiumnif ses- sion upon that day; it was opened in iffeet, and two sillings took place on the same day. 'I'hat of the evening had scarcely cominenced, wlicii a tunmllnous crowd presented itself at the doors of the Ciiainlier, with a manilest inleiition of dissolving it by liiree; the cxas|K'ralioii of the young men was renewed with more violenee than ever; the ineiiibers who were en- leriiig the hall were assailed with most meiiai'ina^ re- proaches; in fine, the tiiiiiiill had reached its height wlieii Lafayette arrived by the gri'at court, sitiialeil at \Uv cxlremity opposite lo llie .■■eeiie of tumuli. Finding the Cliaiiiber in great aginitioii, and preparing it>elf to nvist conr.iLfionsly tliis violation of its liberty, lu^ eii- ijiiired where tlie di^tu^banee existed, and presenting liiinself vvithi.ut ilelay lo Hie asseiuhhige which was making the air nsoimd with ils eoinplaints and its tries I — " Kriends," saiil he lo the: disconlenled, " it was my duly lo lake lueaKiires lo protect the Clianiber of Deputies against any attack direcled against ils inileiiend- enee; I li.ive not dlaee (liiriiiir the rivolntion, which is exhibited this day. I have no forii- to oppose lo yon: lint if llje libi riy ol' the Cliainlier is \ iol.iled, the dishonour will liiil upoti me who am entrusted with tlii' inainlenanee of pnhlie order. I l!:en'fore plaet: my luinoiir in your liaiids, and I de| end siillii ieiilly iiiwii your l'rieMdshi|> lo lie certain that you will peaeiably retire." At the -.e words the slorni was eahiKil; and all exi laiined : "Well! let us retiri'l \\ri lAifinjillr y and the Chamber recovered llie independ- ence of ils di lilieratifiiis. It was not, liowi vrr, with iinpunily, that the voice of Laliiyelle alone eoiiid elfeel, in this critical inonienl, wli.l all other united iuliiienecs would have alli.'iii|tled ill vain. This power of individual popularity, which was then extolled by liiyh anil by low, lieeaiiie the cause of the unibrage anil rulieiilous jealousy which broke out as soon as the dangers, \\illi wliieli the trial of the ininister.s meiiaeeil the new order of things, had passed a\\av. Hefore the publii' disciissicjii of tlii' new Charter, in the draveiiig up of which Lafayelle had had no share, some deputies had been sent liir to the I'alais-ltoyal to hear it read. AI.M. (Jeorge I.arayetle, Victor de Triiiy, and La- f.tyette himself, were presenl. The reading veas hastily gone through, and in onlir lo prevent any observations, gre.lt care wax taken to pn lend that the Chamber wai waiting. Lafayelle, howi'Ver, was struck with the anibi- giiily and iinciearness of the article relative lo the aboli- tion ol'the peerage, so strongly insisted upon by the llolcl-de-Ville. 'I'lie coiii|Hisition was allered in llii Chamber ilsell', on the reipiisiliim of srinc deputies, iind in cniisei|iiinee of the severe language made use of b_v Lafayelle from the tribune. " ticiitlemen," s.iid lie, "when I come to pronnnnce an opinion upon which many friends of lilsrly may dif lir, i shall not be siis|K'cled of being eariied away iiy an I liiillition lif feclinir, or n wish lo court |Kipularity, which I have never preferred to my duty. The republican opinions I have manil'ested al all times, niiil in the pre- sence of all forms of sovereign power, Iiave not pn venleil ine Iroiii deli iidliig a eoiislilulional throne; it is thus, geiilli men, that, in the presenl erl^is, it has appeared projier fir us to raise another national llirone; and I iiiiisl say, that my Im'sI wishes for tin prime, the choice of whom now oeeiipies you, have beeonu* slrongi r the more I have known liliii ; lail I slmll dilli r from many of you on the (piestiun ol'the hereditary peeriige. \ ilis. cipli'oflhe .\iiieriean school, I have always thought thai llie legi^lalive body oiejil lo be divided iiilo two eliuili- bers, diirerenlly orgaiii>-ed. lint I have nevir iind. rslood how llieri^ could he h< ridilary legisl.ilors iniil piilges. Aristocracy, gi nlleinin. Is a had ingredieiit in pohlnal inslilutions; I therefore' expii'ss, us stniiigly a.-. I can, my wish that the lierniilary |h erage shoiilil he alHilislied. and, al the same lime, I beg my eolleaguis not lo forgil, llnil if I have always Iseii Ihr mini uf iJierly, I ha\e never ceased lo Is* fhr mau iif /nililir eii/ir." These words were a death blow lo the peerage . It i'- here the place lo speak ol the Ik mrd ( 'hnrler, respecting the origin of which so many eonjecliires have Is'en formed. I am the more able lo give an aceoniit of it, «s, httMin; been coiiiuiicd with lis millior, by formerly writing in the sasie paper, the Journal du C'ommtrce, I was able dining the memorable days to cnru my port- folio from the notes which he deposited in liis own, and acquaint niy.self with every particular of his conduct in this atiair. 'eople have been wrong in accusing M. B6rard of ac. cepting, upon this occasion, a part ready cast. The firat idea of the important measure which he subsequently pro|)osed, was entirely his own, and the following is the exact series of vicissitudes which the Charter experienced belbrc it became the law of the state, .•\t ten o'clock on Wednesday evening, the 3d of An. gust, .Al. Hi'rard, discussing at M. Lafiitle's, with MM. Ktienne and Cauchois Lemnire, the danger of leaving any longer to ambitious persons the means of agitation, conceived and expressed the idea of putting an end to it, y proposing to the (liamber the formal deposition of Charles X., and the proclamation of the Duke of Orleans, upon conditions so strict and precise that it would be im- possible for that prince to break tlirou(;h tiicm. This proposal met with the approbation of the small number of patriots to whom it had just been communicated, and .\I. Jierard returned home in order to draw up the pro- posilion which follows: — V solemn compact united tin; French |ieoplc to their mnnarcli; that compact has just been broken. The pre- rogatives to which it had given birth have ceased to exist. The violator of th(^ contract can have no title to demand ils )H'rfornianee; Charles X. and liij son in vain pretend lo transmit a power they no longer possess; that power has been exliiiguishcd by tho blood of sonic thousands ot vieliiiis. " 'I'lie act you have just heard read • is a new instance of perfidy. The legal appearance with w liich it is in- vested is only a deception. It is a torch of discord they wish to Inirl amongst us, " The eneniies of our country bestir themselves in every way ; lliey assmne every colour; they alTcct every opinion. If an anticipated desire ol indefinite liberty lakes possession of some generous minds, these enemies aie e.iger to turn to advantage a sentiment into which they are ineapahle of entering. I'ltra-royulists present Iheinselves under the ap|iearance of rigid republicans; others alicct towards the son of the conqueror of Eu- rope, a hypoerilical altaehmcnt, which woidd soon be converted into hatred if it could be in serious contein- plalion to make him the chief of France. " The inevitable instability of the present means of government,! iieonrage Ihv. promoters of discord ; let us pill an end lo it. .\ supreme law, that of necessity, has pi. iced arms in the bunds of the people of Paris in order lo expel oppression. This law has made us adopt as a provisional chief, and as a means of safety, a prince sin- cerely tiiendly to constitutional institutions, 'I'lie sanii.' law requires that we should adopt this prince as the deli- iiilive chief of our govermneiit. " lint v.hiitcver conlidence we may repose in him, the rights vvliicli we are called U|miii to defend require that we should sellle the conditions on which he is to obtain |Kiwer. Having lepeutedlv been shamefully deceived, we may be allowed to call for sirict giiaranlees. Our insliliilions are incomplete, and faulty in many respects; it is our duly to extend their limits and render lliciii more |srfeet. The prince who is at oiir head has anii- 1 ipati d oor jiist demands. 'I'lie principles of scveriil limilami iital laws have been (iroposed by the ("hanibci and riiogiiisid by him. The ri-eslttbliBlimcnt of the national guard with the imwcr to npiHiint their own ol!i- eers; the iiili rvenlion ol the citizens in the liirnmlion el' the deparliiii nlalaiiil miimeipiil ndniinistralions ; Irialbv jury for ollinces of the press ; the res|K)nsibilily (ii inini^ters and secondary agenis of llie adniinistratioii; Hie stale of the military hgally fixed ; the rc-elcclion ol ilepiilii!s who have aci i ptid oUiee ; are already ensured lo us. Public opinion, moriovcr, ilenninds no longer uii empty toleration of all religious worships, but their nli- soliilei quality in llie eye of the law; the evpiilsion ol foreign troops from the national army; the ubolilion ol the nobility, old and new ; the proposing of new lowi to belong to each of the Ihree powers ; the suppreisiei; of the doubleeleitor.il vole; the age uikI the pro|Mi qiialiliealioii of eiiiididatcs reduced; in fine, the tola! reconslitiitioii of the |S'ernge, the fiindninintal Irases ui ttliiih have liecn succcKsivcly vitiated by prevBricutiiij iiiinisterK. " tienlleinen, we are the ileeled of the iirnplr; to m Iliey have liilriistid the il fence of their interests am! the evpressnin of Iheir wants. 'I'lieir first wants, llim * Thii. iirni'K » n. Ill lisvi' hi'Mi rf id al llir KliiinK In « lili li ih' iici 111' iiticllriiiinn nf I'linilrs X iind llie rrnuniial.aii ol lliu lUu |i|ilii WLir iniiiiiiiinunU'd In till Llianibit. dearest Bave CO jbr us t ♦oby Were va 6ar pow law wh |nd iiiv "On tlie cone lie slipu *>», gc iprciich, ftans." In th tjbminiir pine mi tised to irard ] LAFAYETTE AND LOUIS PHILIPPE. II Journal du f'ommtrce, I diiys to ciirii my port. cpoKited in tiia uwn, and ticulur of his conduct in ccusing M. Birard of ac art ready cast. The fir»t I which he subsequently and the following is the I I lie Cliartcr experienccu state. t evening, the 3d of A«. M. Lumttc's, with MM, i; tlie danger of leaving i tlie means of agitation, !a of putting an end to it, the formal deposition of n of the Duke of Orleans, c'cisc that it would be im- ilk tlirou(;h liicm. Thia ion of the sniull number been conmiunicated, and der to draw up the pro- III! French [wopic to their it been broken. The pre- birtli have ceased to exist. 1 have no title to demand d liij son in vain pretend iger possess ; that power loud of sonic thousands of [1 read • is a new instance lice with H hicti it is iii- is a torch of discord they itry bestir themselves in colour ; they affect every ■sire ol iiidetinite liberty ous minds, these enemies a sentiinent into which . I'llra-royulists present ICO of rigid republicans; of the conqueror of Eu- it, which woiUd soon be Id Iw ill serious conteiii. of rruiice. of the present meiins of iiiotcrs of discord ; let lis u\v, that of necessity, has people of Paris in order has inndc us adopt as a of safety, a jiriiicc sin- institutions. The sHim- ipt this prince as the deli- may repose in him, the to dul'end require that on which he is to obtain shamefully deceived, Iriet guarantees. -s execution of ^B conditions just enumerated, which must, beforehand, |e stipulated aiid sworn to by tlie monarch, I propose to A)ii, gentlemen, to proclaim iminediately king of the Prcncli, the Prince Lieutenant-general, Philip|>e d'Or- Muns." In tlic norning of the 4th of August, 'M. Berard jibminunieatcd this proposition to fcvcriil deputies, fitoiongKt whom were M.M. Uupoiit do rEore, at that 5me minister of justice, and Lallitle, who both pro- isud to communicate it to the council. At iiuon .'M brard repaired to the (."hamber, where, before the open- ■ the sitting, he thoiiglit pro|H^r to menlion his in intiuns to a great many of hiscollcanues, among whom met with violent opposition. While this was going , the provisional ministers arrived at tlie Palais-Uour- jn, and assured M. Bcrard tliat his plan had met with le approbation of the council; but that the UuUe of irlcans pailicularly requested him to postpone the pro- jsition, in order to be able to give it a still great('r ex- insion to the adianliige iif lilieily I They added, that ic prince had conceived the thought of immediately ap- Iviiig to the Charter tiic principles laid down iu the roiiosiliou of M. Bi'riird, and Ihat in the evening he rould be called to the council, in order to discuss, with V members of the cabiiiit, the moilitieations it might deemed pro-per to make in il. M. l)er;ad, however, as not sent for by the niiiiislers, who e.veu.-i'cl llieni- ves by saying, that the council had first wished to me to an agneiiicnt upon some points iiiuler discus- lion, in whieli they had not yet succeeded, but lhat be, rl. Berard, should certainly be called to the meeting of le evening. This second promise had the same fate as p first. On Friday morning, tlie .5th of August, 51. Bi'r.ird ■^I'cnt to the house of M. (iuizot, to whom lie eompliined An bitter terms nf the delay that Iiis pro|msiliiiii lind ix- merieneed and tlie improper treatment he had nicl willi. St was then that M. (iuizot delivered to him, with visi- Jblc enibarr.issnient, a new composition, in the handwri- king of the Duke dc Broglii^, drawn up according to the system of the doelriiiuirti, who had just seized upon power. The follow ing is the original text of this curious do- cumeiit, which 1 recommend to the atUiitiou of my readers, as typical of Die opinion which then swayed and has ever since gnidi d the policy of the men of the Uestoration, in whom, in an nnhieky monient, the re- iVohilioii of July had ihe niisfortuiie to eonlide. ^ It is there we nm seek liir the origin of that mon- lEtriius anomaly whl> u A!, (liiizot .soon dared to iiitrodnee *nmoiig our laws, under the curious denomination of iijU'inilrnilimiiri/, ,f " The Ciiamher of Devutiks, takimi into toNsior- ^RATIOX, &c. I " yKEivci THE Act of .^biucation ok His .Majesty '|Ciutti.Es X., evoER Tiir. oate of the 2n of Arousr lil.AST, AND THE nEM-MlATloN OF Ills l{'M will probably be ascribed, CHAPTFIf IX, Vain esiipi-lnilnnr— l.nliiM'ii.^ i- i>|>|ins,il i,> tlii' nr-w kiiicV tnkiiic llif itiiiiv or l'lilli|»pf \' — tnthii'iii/ioiiin Ml Lniiis Ctiiiipiic— Wliy Liu'iiVflli^ ancplH lli« rnaiMtanil-.ii-cliJfl r,l' ihi- liati'trri )lii:ir artillery, and Ihe cav.dry, in order to cnnei rl with them not oiily the means of bringing lo perfection Hie organisation of the cilizen army, but also Ihe ineasiires to betaken to niain- laiii public order, and for the best distribution of the service. His mornings were generally employed in receiving Ihe numerous deputations of the naliennl guards and munieipiililles of the departments, who Hocked to hink from all quarters, to pay him Iheir respecla and solicit iirnis, Ihe delivering of vvliich never failed to create him ililfieiilties anil eonleni ions ofwliiehnoiiebiilofficersaliout him could form an idea. However, owing In the unliniitej eonfidenee reposed in him by Ihe country, to his assidu- oos cares, lo his palriolie firmness, and perhaps also to Ihe govermneiit's fi'ariiig lo resist him at the moment when llie heir to the throne was coming lo ask his per- mission lo serve as a private nrlillerv man in the na- lioiial guard— owing to all Ibis, FrRiice already iiumher- ed Mviiiliin hundred llionsand organised' nalional guards, appointing their own oHieers, nriiied, and a great number ciiuippeil, full of urclonr and polrioliiim. Who is there that does not utill feel u remaining de- gree of eiilliiisiiism, ill calling to mind the review of the •JlMli of August, at which sixty Ihoiisaiidiialhinal guards, organised, ns it were by miracle, |Hrleiilly armed anil eqiiipiMil, enine to Ihe Cliniiip.dc-.Mars to receive their lohiiirs I'roiii the hands of Louis Philip(>e, who Ihen still thought it an lioiiour to be only Ihnir first magistrate ? How iimiiy gnaraiilees' wlial glory! what lilierly! how iiiiieh pro«|Hrity this niagnilieenl scene pnmiised ! Filly, two hallnlions or sipmdrons of eiliren soldiers, rivalliiiif ill npmarnneennilmllitarv precision the old Imndsnflhn grancl army, and shIiiIccI by the Bcclniimlions of llireo hundred thuuaaiid s|>ectuturB, presented a y«t more bril. u 12 LAFAVETTE AND LOUIS PHILIPPE. \ • lianl spectacle tliun thiit of the federation of 1790. It was then tliiit I.oiiis PhilipiK?, hnvinff thrown himself into the urnis of l.afiiyotte, exelainiinfj, This I prrfrr lu a rormuition at l{/ieiiiii>, the troops and the people nn RWered these suhitations hy a thoiisanil shouts of V'l'ff I' Koil V'ire Lnfiiyelte! An inliTtstinjf and grand union which appeared lo have fixed the throne of Louis Philipi upon a roclt. And that other revii'W, a few weelss after, exliibited iin assenihlai;e of seventy lliousand niitional guards under arms ; and then, those twenty thousand men of the department of the Seine-et-( Use, whom the king and Lafayette caiiu' to ins|M'el at Versailles, all sol- diers and citizens, all demanding' and inspiring confi- dence, who can ever forget them ? with what certainly could not the throne of July have promised and com- manded peace I Pence I it was for the kings of Europe to ask, and for Louis Philippe to grant il. A fortnight after the tail of a perjured king, who buteliered his people, an inuni^nse army had risen in fa- vour of liberty, order and iude|M'ndenee ; iiml liehind those civic phalanxes, one hundred thousand valiant working men, ready (o save the country, as they had saved the capital ; and in the remaining part of France, three mil- lions of citizens vicing with each other in organising themselves against the enemies of our independence, of liberty, and public order 1 ! Yes, this day ought to have terminated our long vicissitudes ; the name of king had again become popular in France, llirough a prince who held out his hand to every citizen, and wliom all interests hailed as their protector. Yes, on the Sittli of August, one month afler the expulsion of ("liarles X., the revolu- tion, conuneneed forty years Ix'fore, might have ended in establishing the principle of popular sovereignty and eili- zcn monarchy : but they would not have it so ; the revolu- tion is again in labour; the crown and lilM-rty are .«till fearful of each other; France docs not rise in greatness; •he is sinking into liltleness. Who, while reading the following doeumenls, wouhl not have bi lieved in an indissoluble alliance between Louis Philippe and Lalayette .' ORiiKii OF rnp; »»v of tiik .IOtu of Ariii'ST, 18.'t0. "The niagniticcnt review of yeslerday ; the adinirabh- ap|)caranee of the citizen army, the rapiil tormalion of which is in harmony with the rapidity of the triumph ol' liberty; the manner in which the National (iiiaril pre- sented itself under arms and tiled oil' l«'lore the king, excited the enlliusiasiii of llie immense population which victory has long designated as the most eom|ictent mili- tary judges. The presence of our brave wounded men of the grand week, of a nujiilHr of deputalions from our fellow soldiers of the departinent.s, completed the happi- ness of this memorahle day. The general in chief eim- tines himself, at present, in congratulating himself and his comrades of ilie Parisian national guard upon the su- perb and patriotic s|ieclacK! which it exhibited upon this memorable day. What expressions, moreover, could he find, after those of the s|K'eeli diliv( red by Ihe king in presenting us with the colours, and after the letter which lie hastens lo conimunicale to bis fellow soliliers '" SPEKCU nKl.IVKIlFIl IIV TUK KISd WIIFN I'KKSKN TINd TIlK roi.orns. "My dear comrades, " It is with pleasure Ihat I entrust these colours to you, and it is with great sntisfaelion I pri'si'nt tin in lo him who was, liirty yi'ars ago, at Ihe li<'ad of your filhrrs in this same field. "These colours arose among us willi the dawn of li. iHTty ; their ap|H'aianee reeals lo me wilh rapture my younger vearn. A symbol of the vielory o\er Ihe I'ne- mies of llie slate, b'l Ihesr er>lonrs hecfune amongst our- pelves Ihe saleguard of puhlii' order and liberty 1 l,el these glorious colours, confided to your tidelity, be our rallying-sign 1 " Vice In I'inntr .'" l.KTTKPl FROM TIIK KI.NCI TO nKNKIUI. I.AFAVKTTK. " I wish first of all, my dear gini'ral, to know how you linil yourself after this splendid day, as I liaryou musi In niueii l'atiguef-ii|ilr ot rnhuir— III' I rcT'i-tiis til the kiiii> ilirim!ivMliiittsi-, presented nothing alarming for the re- volution, at least in the then ostensible and avowed |X)liey of that eabiiii t. Till' faction which very soon set itself up as the arbiter of our ileslinics, had not yet atteinpted to re.conslrucl the Uesloration ; it ap|K'ared to labour only lo find for France a suitable |H>sition, some resting |)oint on the new ground u|K)n wliicli the events of .luly had thrown her. The revolution of 1S30 had likewise itself deranged many interests, thrown many [H-rsons out of their place, wounded many vanities ; the position was full of dangers ; and (Hiwer, tottering on its teet, sought strength ami sup- port iit every hand. The exp<'rieneeil patriots, on their side, reeollectid that our first revolution had comiuitted errors; that the stnmgle in which it had liecii engaged had renilired it violent ; that il bad terrified many, hud overshot its mark, hail tieipiently swept away good along wilh evil; and had ended with bringing back des|iotiain through the miilitim of anarchy. It was necessary to pay regard to this pridomiiiant fieling, and at least, liefiiie attacking the new govern- ment, lo wait until it had settled itself and unfolded its system. .Ml Ihn organs of lilieral opinions, whati^ver might Iw Ihe shades of their doctrines, ranged Ihem- selvi^s fratiklv on the sidt^ of an uulliority emanating t'rom the bairicndos ; nntl their almost tinnitiuioiis eotin- iHtianee atfordeil lo the de|sisitaries of jMiwer, during the first six months of ilieir admlnistrnlion, is one ol' the best evidences of the real progress Ibal political inlelli- geiii:e hail made ainongsl us. 'I'hen many of Ihe men of July, and, it may bo said, llio greater number of Ihoin who had ellietcd the revolution, suptwrted the ministry, thotigb ut the saino Iniio deploring the ilanger- oiis course lo which il hud abandoned itself. The rare exceptionn do not atl'ect the justito of this general ob- si^rvatioii. Since that time lliosr men have lenriit nitieh — they have lioen deceived, and eX|M!riciiee has condemned them lo the eondilion of declared op|Hisilioiiists; bill not lioforo they had scon the system of the lesloration leurlessly nnliililing itself, lioiitginiich evil, and eoiilem. plating still iiiote. For thosu reusonii, Lafnynlle like- wise abstaineil at first from attacking Ihe domeslii' policy of the irovnrnnient of July, which hud he donii, il tniijht liu%e Imen a sigiiul tiir new resistance, and have raised up serious ohstuclos. Nevertheless, in the midst of the lalsnirs with which the reorganisation of Nalionnl tiuaril overwlielnied him, hi did not lose sight of some im|Mirtnnl points U|M)n wliich It waa necctMry the govrrnnivnt ahould explain itself without delay. Aniongst tliein was the finally lii ing and recogiiLsing the rigTits of the tree |)Cople of c, lour, in our colonics; an important ipieslion, which h! the ert'ortsof the ojiposition had never bien able to briiiii lo a settlement under the preceding governnienl. C'alli. upon hy Laliiyelle, the minister of marine answcru. from the tribune, that the new roy.-dly considered all lli citizens of our colonies pertectly equal, and that it i\\< claimed the idea of any sjK'cies of inu-riority or supcn. ority founded on a dirt'erencc of colour. 'I'his was nnii :, for the cause of hunianily, much also tor the palrit.! who, the first in France, had attempted the gradtir,; eiiianeipation of Ihe skives, and devoted a eonsiderablt portion of his lortmie to that philantbropie work. One of tJie first cares of Liifayelte was likewise to a^ certain the intentions of the new authorities with ri s|Hct to the patriots condemned for political otVenci, during the reigns of Louis XVIII. and C'harlcs X. 11. saw in the decision which he was endeavouring to drais t'rom the government on the subject of these noble vii liins, not only an atonement to Ix' made to justii-e, bii' a fresh consecration of the principle of resistance to op presaion, and to violation of the laws. Therefore, ii gave great scandal lo the doctrinnire fiiction which h.u) already engrafted itself upon the new-liorii court o; liOiiis-PhilipiK', tlial, on a certain day, when the saloon- of the Palais-Royal were crowded with deputalions from all parts of F'rance, an aide-— Syiiiiiaitiii'H III KiikIiui i- 'I'lvo svMi'iiis iif iniiiL'ii ifiiiiy itiNlile UiH pniiiiils--.\iiii inii"i VI iiliiiii ns iiiiiliThliHiit li> l.aiayelti-— Systi'iii ut' llie lioclnnnm- --I 'iilisi'i|iirlii'rH. Our Revolulion of July was the signal for the most uniazing events of nil kinds. The nations were thrillei! wilh joy and hope; the iles|Mts wilh t'ear and rage The wliide world t'ell itself ini|ielled by an irrciistibl. feeling of liberty.* Hut of till these phenoineiia tlu' most reninrkable wos the accordance of the fKipuliir lynipathies which burst forth t'rom every quarter in fa vour of the Parisians. Forgetting every enuse of en mity and rivalry with old France, nil nations witliout ev. ptioli iiiingled their wishes liir the success of the liiiiv cause which hud just triumphed at the barricades: ii was as one family of nations bimiid up togelhi r, ami ealleil upon ( ipially to participate in the iidvuntagcs of n vast social and poliliciil renoMition. In short, the July n volution appeared us a gift to li' shared in by the whole human species, and liir whiih Hie civiliseil World aekuowledged itself deeply indehtnl to the peiqde most advanced ill civilisntiiin. Il was im event which exiihed our ciinimon nature, and ehvalul the elinracler of every nation. There existed not a Iv runt in the world who did not tretiible, not a slave wli" dill nut feel his fellers lightened, in eonteiiiphitini; France, The Fngllsh, above all, scenied as If they coulil set no bounds lo their enlliuiiasm. Whigs, lories, niiii rnillcals, chureli of Knglanil iiieii, Presbyterians, Alethii- ilisis, anil ('atholics, rich and poor, every ^eel and piirli n the llritish soil, .idmircd us in the conibal, udinircil after 1 |H'0| ;iiisel\ lice ' societ impi , Wh. ftat piiu ^hnd, idtizeii tiguagi ?iit iiiging g^erings «ven hy Sid com andeavoi ♦liicli yi Le yo, Mngratu j^ory;- -flous rev k'iotisin ■III (lr:i^ IImtIV w Tlitx iiri'iil t'vi'Mt Hcniiiiilt il I'vt II In lii'iln. At HpIIiI. llic llnh i.'ii) . tilt- |H o|ili>, tiN will ti" ith' HiiiiliMi iiiitl rhitli>h itiithiinitt'k, I'l-if liiiHnt It tiy II iiiiiiitiiliri'iil lmni|iii t, lo wlmli \\i\* mvlirit a rniirh ntiliinilipt, M. Jiiciitii'TDont, uliu tm|>|H nifl then to >»■ In ihum illtttini roiimntm. TIm' iDhnhiinnlH tii the Imitk^ of th* tiliiiitfi'fl ftnuKmR hrnllhi mi iho itn'ii oi itir hnrrtriidpii. ntiH crvlnc. I NT l.nUnjfttf ' Whal H Mil'jt'd of mediliilton for |>n||||cian5 aiil plitluKJimoia! i I.Al'AYETTE AND LOUIS PHILIPPE. 13 rI tliciii was tlio finally lii ts of the tree |X!oplt' of c portant quui-tinn, vvliicli k1 id never bteii able to briiij :rding government, t^iill.r ister of marine answeru. / royally considered all ih, ctly equal, and tliat it ili* I's of iiiiirinrily or sii()<.ri. of' eoloiir. This was nun:, iniieli also tor the patrio' id attempted the gradui; nd devoted a eonsiderablt [diilantliropic work, tayelle was likewise to as new antliorilies with rf tied tor [Hilitieal otVenrr. kid. undf-linrles X. II. was endeavouring to dra« subjcet ol" these noble vir be made to justiee, bin ineiple ot' resistance to op the laws. Therefore, ii riiiiiirf (iiction which liao 1 the ncw-l)orii court o: ain day, when the saloon* ded with deputations I'roni •-camp on duty was heard The pentlcmen condemned lyette, advancing at their are the |iolitical convicts, ly an accomplice." 'J'ln st touehinif affability, ami. nerous citizens of the per- regret, they had e.M|)<'ri the most solicitous atten ironipt indemniticalion for have those promises pro. ose brave men have told I: repeats it every day : re- n, e.\|)Osed to the scorn ni that Ik'scI tlie royalty c! s jioliliquc arc dying oi monareli to whose thrnm pinu-stone. History wil! during fil^een years, liad country, found in it tor til, nt\er the elnr'wua He )nunicnt of the. gratitudi { XI. • ■II till' anilims of Kurope- — r*yiii[*ailiit'w ui' KiiRliiii I- le iliif pairtuif.--.\f>n iiitPi f — .'*\Mlelii III' lilt' f/ur/MNtitrt- tlie signal for the mo>i he nations were thrillei! wilh tear and ragr ipelled by an irrctistilil. II these phenomena tli< riianei,' of the [Kipulur rorii every quarter in fu ni,' every cause of in I nil nations witlinul ev I lie success of the hoU I ill the barricades ; ii liiMind up tiigelhi r, ami ' ill the advdiilages of i [lit. iippi'ared mk a gill In I . species, and liir whn h •d itself dieply indeblii civilisatiun. It was m on nature, and elevali i Then- I'xisli'd not a t\ retttble, not a slave wir ■ited, iti eiiiitemplatiiti; sii'itted as if tin y couM It. Whiles, lories, Hliti rresbyterians, .Methn- ir, every sect and p»rl\ ill ihu coiiilNit, admired lelU. At IVIIil. iNi' Hull Ion iiiiil rnuli-h niilhiirini'i, t, In Willi it u,'iH invllC'J a hit titi)t|M llifl then to It" in lints nt the lisiik^ ot" thi ihr Imrririulpn, snd crvinc, Mitmlon fni |inlltlclin« tni , after the victory, and prostrated themcslvcs before le [looplc that had bc*ii able, in three days, to tree leinselves troni eight centuries of reproiich, and to re- ce a monarchy sprung t'rom ennquest in the infancy society, to a simple t'orin of gnvernnient, o|M'n lo all le improvements of the future. Who does not renieiiiber the numerous deputations fkat poured in from all parts of England, Seotliind, and Scland, to congratulate the great penpb', and the great atiicu they had placed at their head ? And what tlu' tiguage held by those freemen >. l,et us listen li)r a mo- ?nt to I he orator of the deputation from London, inrrinn- to the Uolcl-dc-Ville the good wishes and the Ternig^ of that great city. "The imperfect lesson iven bvot.r own country," said he, "you have enlargeil I cotiipletcd. 'J'lie world owes you an immense debt graliltide. For our parts we acknowledge, and shall jdravour to cause lo be acknowledged, that the victory hiih you have gained is that of human nature, and are proud of you, who havi^ so nobly established ights and tultilled its duties. Bravely have you fought the fight of freedom ; nobly £ve you used the victory ; we olTer you our sincere ngralulalious. History "haw few pages of untarnished Wory ; it has none more"brilliaiit than that of your glo- ious revolulion to hand down to future ages. AFay pa riolism there contomplale its highest duties, and liero- ini draw theiico its subliinest hssons 1 We wish the liertv which has been cstabli.slicd by so splendid a tri- inpli, may Ix' perpetuated among you t'rom age lo ago; hat under its holy auspices the reign of |H'aee and pub. ;c prosjK'rily may l)C all-powcrt'ul, and that at tlie foot of i-ir altars we may bury every vestige of jealousy and itnosily. We here e.tpress our .solemn conviction, at the great cause of liberty is the great and common ;iu«' of human kind." The enthusiasm with which the Knglish applauded Ac courage of the Parisians did not confine itself tOicse dctnonstratious; they wished lo put tort h a more jceided act of adhesion to the principles for which the Aieti of .luly had just fought and conquered. In the of. iiees of rdl the journals, in the public otHces, in all the ijarishes of the three kingdnms, subscriptions were oiKii- d fiir succouring the wounded and the tamilies of the itriots tliat had ix-rished in the three great days. The sensation produced in the I'niled Slates by the July revolution, was yet morn prolbund than in any (Oilier part of the globe. No sooner had the news reaeh- i«d New York o) the movements of I'aris, and of the linsilion of l.afiiyelle, placed at the head of the public force by the will of the |M-ople, than that .American city tave itself wholly up lo the demonstrations of a deliri- ous jov. .Vil the hells were set ringing; all the houses •«'cre illimiintited and decked with tricoloured flags; and n festival as brilliant, as solemn, as numerously attended, >iis nnv of those which had la'cn held to ceh'brate the f riumphs of .Vinerieu lierself', was prepared in honour of the victory of I'aris. It was the siuue at Boston, I'hila- delphia, fJaltimnrc, Uichniond, t'harlestown. New Or leans, and tliroiigli the whole extent of the United •Slates, which hastened to send relict', addresses, and JdepntatiouR, to lite French isinple, to the National litiard. •and to F.afayetle. The flag whi<'h New Orleans pre- schtid on that occasion to lite I'arisian people, still waves in one of the balls of the Hotel. de-Ville. The -whole of those addresses breathed the greatest, the pti. rest adiniratlon lor the revolution and thi^ men of July, 'iind expressed the most touching oonimunity ot feelings IhuiI |irineiples. J The cntlinsiasin of llic American government fell no. WIT short of that of the American |H'ople; on the 7th *(.f Decentlier, the I'resident of the llnileil States, in his • iiii s.iage at the o|«'ning of congress, delivered a most *i<|ili itilid eulogy n|Kin the heroism, the wisdom, and the ijieiirrositv displayed by llic French [Mople in that great *r' \'iliilioit. In congraluliiting his fl'llow-eitijens on an «\riil so imporlanl lo the ilearest inleresis of niaii- -lUitiil, he only lelioi'd, he said, the voice of his country. Nothing otliiT could Is' expected from a |H'ople such as the .\incriciin tintiiin, llian the dee|)esl syin|Hilliy for the triumph of the sacred principles of liln'rty, obtained in n ninnner so worthy of so noble a cause, .iiid croivneil by two systems, both of which the liest patriots considered suited, but by diffi'rent means, to adapt the position ol France to the new circumstances in which the revolu- lion had placed her. .\ numerous party tlioiight, wilh reason, that a mo- narchy produced in three days by the sover< ignty of tln' people, could not long cm'xisi with the old doctrines ol' legitimacy, which the bile revolution had so violently bruited in France. This party Ihotiglil that the moment was decisive t'or the glory and srciirily of the country; and that the interests, as well as the duties, of a nioiiar- cliy restinir U|K)n an act destructive of the spirit and the letter of the treaties of ltndenee proniiM d to eciitrt 1 Italy, consists in the arms and the intrigut^ of Ausliia inces- santly tending to the dominion of the whole of the penin- sula. S]icaking of Belgium, Iiouis Philippe snid, "The for- tresses raised In order to overawe I'rancc shall be demo, lished." They are ttill enfiie. " The nniiuiiolil)/ nf t'nUiiid shni! not pnisli." .\las 1 what has become of the iiationalily of a ningnriniiiious people, whose fate it is lo be biitcliercd every quarter oC a century through the eowardi(C of Kurope ' Silh what Ihii name it dieorales iis policy; but that which U reserved I'or it by hl.sti.'ry, I do kiiou. " Dul," we arc told, "peace is ensnrcil, and soon a i;ciiei'al ili.-anniiig will crown the syslrni of Ihe Cabinet f the IJtIi of i^larl•ll, v.liich jieaee and whicli disarm- nig will give a (losiiivc coiitradleliuii lo Ihe pieaclier.- il war. Anay then with all llioso unccrlaiiilies, all tiosc allernulivcs of eahii and slorin, which froze all hearls, ami struck Franco as with an interJict. The lad is ccrluin : it was liil-e that tlii^ Kevululinii of July oiiijht lo seek for ils truniipli in idenliiyhig Fiench iii- li'iesls with Ihe ink rests of every piople among «huni llio volcano had cast Ihc brands of luicrly ! liehold, ihoso iiaiioiis who, liillorting onr exaniiile, had n.'Cii li; reionquer liitir country, tlieir name, tin ir eusloms, llieir disllngiiibhliig fenluics. and laws suited to their nature, aie again bending under the yoke : in Poland, a policy of reaclion, viiidiclue and barbarou", has destroy- ed even Ihe last clemcnls of that nalionalily Hliich the word of the King of Ihe I'renili had guaranlied in the liico of the world; It.ily, deijinaled by a prii-st, is slid a prey to all the calaiiiilies ot' civil war, and of a double lciu.ign intervention; Hilgioni i->siill in a constrained and liilse position. New convulsions are preparing in Spain and in rortugal. Switzerland is dismembering ilM'll'; every where national independence, per.-oiial se- euiily, and tho progress of civilisation, are menaced; ill short, every thing in Kuropc clashes, without com- billing; and yet the ralilir aliens of the 21 articles are exchanged, peace is no longer doublfnl, the royally ol July has beeonic one of the family ol legiiimate nioiiar- cliies, the jusli-miiieu Iriuinplis, and peace will be niainlaiiicd: such are tho practical resullsof tliat diplo- macy, so inaciive, so expecting, so cowardly, which, in Iho midst of the rapid inovemeiits that carry Fuiope along, seeniod, yon said, to have struck dniiih that noble F'raiice of July, which, in your opinion, could only reconquer ils acknowledged picponileranec by sliowinjf ilsell' resohed lo brave every peril, and giviiii; to the world a grand idea of ils delerminalion and ils courage. W ell, this idea lias been exehuiiged tiir a pa- lent of slavery ; the manly garmenl Ins been stripped ort'liT the swaihlliiiL' ilnlhesof the Holy Alliance; that charaeler nf Iho lievoluliou of July which ouL'hl to have prcdominnted in every possible situation, Ihe ascendancy of reason iirincd, of ftirco in the hands of libcriy, wbiili she ought to have I'xercised in the councils of Ivirope, have been oxclianged for the shanin and ihe injury of n royal embrace; yet peace is ensured. What have you -till lo urge? Takn our words lor it, and bo silent." i'lins argue Ihe doctlinnirrii. Ho it so: the spirit of war is laid i the execution of ihe IwcnIy-four ailielos is guaranlied by all the pow- ers ; llollatid herself is compelled lo BUhinit lo all the slipulutioiiB of this Iroaly; she recoguisos King Loo. pold, and rsceives the crsdantials of an ambassador lo I'.er court : Russia withdraws from Poland a part of ihf regiments that rover its icrri'ory; ir u^t, the peace niirnpe is deliniliiely settled U|>on lh,-,e ba-^es. Lri us receive all tliese circuinslanees as certain facts, and a'so admit that a disarming, which Ihc difiertnice ni" the niiiil iry systems of Europe will always render dt. lusive, should ctown iIiIh peaie, and fix the dlfTercnt eolioiifl of the continent i:i the precarious, false, and niinoiis po>ili'jn,in which they find themselves, as wc'l l( wards each other, as Inwards their rcspcclive govern, nieots. Now, is there a man of sense and foresight who can bclioein the diiralion of this monstrous re. orf;anisntion. and not be ecnviined that such a stale nf iMiigs is necessarily pregnant wilh new and approach- ing convulsions ? 'Ibis puerile belief, which fonie superficial but honosi obsoivers enlcrtain, with respect lo ihe continuation of Ibis peace, is lliu result of a serious error, too ol'icn (nunti'iiani cd by the false prepossessions of iho friend! nl liberty themselves. .Alter Ihe Revolution of July, the p.iils have been inverted, by asserting that France 'lord in need nf peace, and that foreign governmeiils wished to make upon ber an imniedialc war; and the government has dexterously cnltivuled that opinion, in order lo lake to itself tlin nierit of a dilTioolly over- cmiie. Hence, the arguments drawn from tlio dismcni. bcrinent of the army, and from the relative inferiority of our military force; hence, the explanation of all the >haini fill com essions and all tho diplomatic cowardice which iinniinent necessity has been said lo have im|xi9- ed upon us; hence, in fine, the alleged impossibility of saving P.'land and llalv. Ilonever, tho plainest common scnso is sufficient lo dispo e that private iiiterosts have prevailed over the great liilcresl nf the country. Hut who can help feel- ini;, that the despotisms that live iii each other's exist- ence, not having all abdicated wilh Charles X.. could not tiirglvo the Kevolution of July, but must wail toat- lack it, until time and uur internal discords slinuld have deprivcil it of all it |iossessed that was ardent, amiiitiniis, popular, and formidable In tyranny ? Our slatesmen h.avo solicitously brought about this deplorable result ; they have reiluccd France to the state in which the foreigners wished her to be. FVar has de- prived these i«/(i men of their cxperi«nce; sslfiahneM hai s LAFAYITTTE AND LOUIS PlIIMPPK. 15 from Polnr.-i a part of ibt i'ory; ir \.>rt, the pcafc led ii|)oii tM.-.i" base?. Lpi incos as ccrlain facts, and ;, which llie ditrcrtiiicc of pe will always render dt. 'aip, and fix the difTcrent llic prccarions:, false, and ■y find Iheinselvos, as we'l is tlicir rcspcclivo govern, ill of Kcnse and fnresifrht iim of this nion! This is a question of interest , for the monarchy to examine beforehand. It would pro- '■ mise to return to belter principles, and lo more lionrst men: Louis XVlll. and Bonaparte in 18l."),t"harles X. in 1830, also promised it: what became of r.oiiis XN'III., Bonaparte, and Charles X. ? Yet Bonaparte had glory fj in his favour; Jiouis XVIII. and Charles X. had in llieir T favour eight centuries of traditions and rceolleclions. ,' But deprive I.ouis Philippe of the popular majesty, and ^ he is nothing. Seriously speaking, what authority ' would a handful of obscure dnrlri)iiiiirn possess to up- hold the work of the (Kople, if the (icople withdrew from them f From all that frame work of |)ower take away Z the Revolution, and lo.inorrow, you who benefit by tluil J Revolution will not possess a crown piece, nor a soldier, CHAPTER XI r. Cntinunlionnrilicpri'Ci'diiii!— N'oiiliinilnn oftlinniTi'?«iim ofLoais [ PhlllpiH'— In»oIein-o (irihe l-'miw rr Nicliolau ami or tlie [liittcol ; Modi'ii I— LafayUi'iri li'»r ■! tiloris wiiliiuii iliitlninnev— Soinrol' lli'< rnlMiM>iit-f nil a lUpInniaiii' aifeiii lo titiii ih'isoiibIIv — lli^ intn- viow Willi that 111,'riii— lliss\t[)ular cannon, this royally preferred endeavour- ing to consolidate itself by slavery to entering boldly into the tradilional system of its uneieut alliances. However, leaving ajiart the question of principles and their propagation, the extjrn.il policy of this government, dcb.iscd from its Ijirtli, was cvtreiuely simple. Properly spiMkiu;:, what was the quc:jlion >. One of territory. In fact, while France, aller carrying her arms into every capital, liud seen iier.self despoiled even of possessions wnicli she ac,]uired from ICH to 17« I, and for which, he it observed, she had given su[.erabuiid,int compensation, liir enemies had immoderately extended their territories. .\ustria, for example, had aggrandised and <'stablished herself at tlie same time in tiermany, Poland, Turkey, and Italy ; she had acquired great faeililies of inland navigatiiui, sea-ports, and a maritime commerce; Prus- sia, but lately a third-rate power, had ra]iidly advanced herself to the rank of a preponderating one, by parcels of territory conquered from all the adjoining states, from the .Niemen to Tliionville ; Russia, which could scarcely be said to exist when France wa.s the first power intlie woi Id, had extended herself at every point of her immense eir- eumferenee, and by the necessary consequence of a pro- gressive system of invasion, as well as by the polity of her family alliances, had reduced the West to such a condition that it could only go to war by herinipuh continue at peace by her periiiission. I do not speak of England — every one knows how ninny rich dominions ami important military posilions she acquired in the European and Aiiatie seas, by the treaty which disin- herited France. The Ionian Islands, the Isle of France, and the Cape of (Jood Hope, are among the acquisitions with which Hritish disiutereslediiess coiilented itself. Such then was tlie relative litualinii of France towarils the foreign powirs, win ii tJio revolution ol'Julv siidutnlv displact d all the elements of the public law ol' Europe. Now, rediieiiig the quesliun to the sole interest of France, and leaving apart all eommiiiiily of priiiciphs, of wants and syiiiii:ilhies, there still remained I'or a national government the imperativeduly of claiming the iVonticis necessary f'or the deliiuee of the coiinlry. Let us no longer hear of the terrors that were still inspind by the convulsions of llie Republic and the glorious days of the Empire. The Republic had not been able to conquer pence for herself except by (onqiiering liberty for olhir.-, and her treaties sullUieiitly attest her justice and i in prudent gem-, rosily arter victory. As to the Empire's making and unmaking kings at the willofa Ibrtunale soldier; il was not I'rance; it was the army of lionaparte, unfaithful to the Ifevolulion, and returning with all spied to the ohl luonareliical sysl'-m ; and besides, history will perhaps attest, tli.it if the Empire overran Europe, it was called upon to do so by the coalitions dating their origin t'ruiii 17M. lint lihcr.ilism and its propagation apart, if was the husiness of the governmeiil of July to provide for our I'liliiii: Mcurity and restore that balance which a degene- rate and dastardly power had allowed to he destroyed In tliisri speet the Revolution of 1^3ll might become, even ill unskilful hands, the guarantee of our iialioiial iiidepen- denee. The elected royalty has made of it uu rely a con- vulsion like those which disgraced tin' last ages of the Roman empire. It was not wished, it is said, toendanger the peace of Europe. Hut you li.ive degraded the exist- 1 nee and the majesty of the lievoUition whiili made yon. Your indecision, your cowardice, and your iiieapaeily, have exhausted the courage and patriotic finunef s of the nations, stillid the ri'volnlionary impulse in IViinee, and i>iiidled ag,iiiist you the anger of all free men. Well I think yon that liy those means you have allayed the storm' tliinU you that your illegitiiiiaey is tliciefiire either more or le.-s under the ban of the old inonnreliies ' Vcs, I'or II \\v. moMlhs, perhaps a few years; hut wlinl ,ire these innulhs, these years, what are you, compared with tlieexisleiieeol'Fraiici Heboid Poland unniliilated; the barrier betwei'U barbarism and civilisation broken down ; Russia ready to dismember Prussia by selling upon her Poli-li territories; and the North nt liberty to rush upon the South ; behold the fruits of your genius, and venture to ealeiilate how much hlondsheil will oni' day be necessary to siiali h niutil.ited J'urope from tin hands of the despot who saluted your aceessions with an in.sull, However, the first measure of external policy taken by the ministry of I.ouis Philippe, was the notification to foreign courts of the accession of that prince to the tiirone of France. lOiiL'land was the first to recognise the new king; the adhesion of Austria, of Prussia, and the sc eondary Cerman stales, followed pretty closely that of the cabinet of St. J^inies's; . jesty at the same time to accept, &c. iVc. " Nicholas." What unworthy language, then, had been employed in the nanie of Franc-e ' liefore tlii^ battle of Deiiuin, when the fate of liiscrown depended upon the chances of tliu day, Iiouis XIV. wrote to Villars: " If you nre beaten, I wil! go through Paris with the slianu f'lil proposals of our enemies in my hand. And the Freiii'li nation will liillow iiie ; we will hurvourselvct together under the ruins of the monarchy." That king was at hast acipininted with his country. This letter, however, caused much uneasiness at the Palais-Royal. The absence of the appellation of My Ihnllici; which hud In ■ o lavishly used in the untogra- pliic notification, was, aimve all, considered with dread, us a |)osilive di iiial of the right confiTred by the will of the [leople at the issue of tin' ciiIudIioiiIic. They pcr- ci ived that they had viry probably knelt to the eartii to no purpose, and that ul'ier all, il would be necessmy lo have recourse lo popular sympathy against the dis. ali'eetioii of the legitimatists. They returned, and for a while fiillowcd up the idea already adopted (as I will shortly prove,) of taking into iieeouiit the sympathies ond antipathies of the nations, and secretly urging the pro- fiagaliou of liberal opinions, while osteiisihiy the mo- nareliy should contiiiue to deny itself, by blaming every revolution iinulogoiis to that from which it had sprung, and by uskiiig mercy for the grand week, and mercy lor the great people. Il is iiecessary, in order to appreciate the men who still direct the policy of France, us well ns to understand our prtwent real situation, to follow up with attention all the proof's which establish the duplicity of this policy lowanls the nations and the kings, towards France and llie foreigner. History alVords few examples so forcible liir the study ofdoclriiiariKine. The Belgie revolution, which I.ufuyetle called the eld. 10 LAFAYETrR AND LOI'lS PIIIMPPE. h. 1 ■• n r' U lirsl ilau(;hler of our own, was, il may be said, the firBl loiic'listoiiu that rrents aiipliucl to tlie hesitating and ili- latory |H)li. the conventions lor the delivering up of refugees on the French soil ; and be it observed, that those treaties wen: not made between us and our enemies, but by them- selves, who placed one of their own in tho Tuileries, tu trafiic in our honour and our liberties. " A third point, not less evident, was established by mn tho other day at this tribune, in tho presence and with the asseni. of all the king's nMnisters, and particu. larly of the minister for foreign affairs, I am very certain that not one of them vi'ill now contradict the definition which I gave, namely ; that whenever any people or country in Europe, wheresoever situated, shall claim its rights, shall seek to exercise its sovereignty, any intervention on the part of the foreign governments to oppose it will bo equivalent lo a direct and formal declaration of war against France, not only because of our duty to the cause of human nature, but because it is a direct attack upon the principle of our existence, a restoration of the principles of Pilnitz and of the Holy Alliance, the justifying a future invasion of ourselves, an evident purpose of crushing onr natural allies in order to come afterwards and destroy the germ of lili- erty amongst us, who have placed ourselves at the head of European civilization. " If the deductions from these facts, from these prin- ciples, lead lo war, wo must without doubt abide it, and wc shall have, to carry it on, those fifteen hundred thousand national guards, those five hundred thousand soldiers, citizens likewise, of whom the president of the council has spoken lo you from this tribune. I return thanks to the minister of war, for the splendid and true picture he has just drawn for us. " A saying of Mr. Canning's has been quoted to you ; it will not be like him, by shutting our eyes, but with our eyes wide open, that we shall exert our strength ; and, to remind you of another saying of that minister, on tho subject of the patriot auxiliaries he anticipated; that which, on his part, might pass for a trait of vaiVity, it would, you know, be easy for us, to rcaUze. " 1 come now to the affair of Belgium. Gentlemen, our conduct towards her, when our government was scarcely established, was, as you have been told, frank and generous. It was unequivocally declared to the foreign courU that if Prussian or any other troops set foot in Belgium, we should enter it immediately. We have recognised its independence. 1 wish the king's government had slopped there. I should have said to the Belgians: — ' Do you wish to establish a republic, a notliern Switzerland, unencumbered with an aristo- cracy? We will support you in it. Do you wish to elect an hereditary chief, from among yourselves, from some other country, whichever it may be ? It is your own afl'.ur; it is for yourselves alone to decide. -And if that free choice had fallen on the Duke of Nemours, I would have entreated, I would continue toontreot, the King of the French not to reject it. " As for a union with France, the question to my mind would not bo, what others think of it, but whe- ther the majority of the Belgic |)eople really desire that union; and in the latter case, well ascertained as in my opinion, the king has not the sole right either to accept or to rnject such union, I should submit tho propo- sition lo each branch of the legislature And what power would have tho right to oppose it ? Certainly not those that made the treaties of Luniville and Amiens. Would they have less affection for Iiouis Pliilippa than for Napoleon ? Would they fear us less now than they did then ? Gentlemen, it would be a groat mistake on their part ; for our popular throne has not feorod to surround itself with a whole nation in armi, appointing its own oflicera, and our itrength is immense. "A more skilful diplomatist than myself* has po fully explained' the situation of Poland, that little is k\\ me lo say. It would bo strange that the king's government, which has just been defending existing treaties, should not energetically demand tlia exaoution vol • M. Btinsn. ! granted Charter, it lias in of tlie treaties, ot tlic icnna and tiiat of ISIA; red tlie throne of Franco ', and united Bcl^inni lo cign utfaira lias just ask- iiking t'xisting treaties, would answer, as to Ihc nentioned : France ha» iself has made it. :lc8 of those treaties, in- d independence, such as ng up of refugees on the , that those treaties wen: enemies, but by them- own in tho Tuilcries, tu horties. lent, was established by ic, in tho presence and 8 r.-inisters, and particu- ign affairs. I am very vill now contradict the ly; that whenever any icresoevcr situated, shall exercise its sovereignly, the foreign governmenls t to a direct nnd formal nee, not only because ol' [1 nature, but because it iciple of our existence, a Pilnitz and of the Holy re invasion of oiirselves, ng our natural allies in iostroy the germ of lib- ed ourselves at the head se facts, from these prin- hout doubt abide it, and those Kfteen hundred « five hundred thousand liom the president of the 1 this tribune. I return for the splendid and true 3. I has been quoted to you ; ing our eyes, but with hall excrl our strength ; saying of that minister, iliarlcs he anticipated ; lass for a trait of vanity, us, to realize. Belgium. Gentlemen, our government was have been told, frank illy declared to the any other troops set il immediately. We I wish tho king's I should have said tu establish a republic, a bered with an aristo- n it. Do you wish to mong yourselves, from it may be ? It is your lone tu decide. And if Duke of Nemours, I ontinuo to entreat, the it. the question lo my think of it, but whe- eople really desire thai II ascertained as in roy right either to accept Id submit tho propn- islature And what oppose it ; Certainly ies of Luneville and s affection for Louis Vould they fear us less lemcn, it would be a nur popular throne has th a whole nation in , and our strength is w^:^®iii^o ^^m^®ffi (Oi2^(Owm^3?:iir-^ :L:x'mmjkm^. VOL. I. PIIILADKI.PIIIA, .lANlTARV Vi, 18.13. iNO. S. •gl! I'RiMF.i) Avn I'lniisiiKii uv .MIA.M WAIJilK, Nii. 0, Niiarn lii«HMi frRKkr, rniiAunui'iiiA— At .*.') tor .' t r--<, payultl".' in nil\<'iiir< 11 IL O- 8. \\'(J()1), I'msTtKS AMI I'l iilisiiKiis, Ni:w Yokk, S<,i!i! Agints mill riiblUlitrs lur the sluti: iil NfW Viirk uiiil all tiie Nov niicliiiiil statics. l'lii:n.\ix N wiKdi ,v < n ii, Rolr- .Atft'iits Cdi till- (.tatf:- 111' .Mai>l.'iiiil. \ ir.:iii n. ii.lO: » III ilir I ily III Vi'W (Irii'uns. than myself* baa fo Poland, that little is range that the king's sn defending existing demand tlie execution of one which, by tho mere chance, has emuiiatod from 1 " Would it not bo very inconsistpnt, gentlemen, that the Congress of Vienna, when it sanctions tho inde|KMi. ' ' ' ' • '■'■ " '■■■' dcnco of the kingdom of I'oland, wlie;i it protects thai ■alion, our most faithful friend, wliicli has shed no much blood far us, and the existence of which forms a barrier fgainst the barbarians of the north. Is not tho duty, 0ic honour of tho government concerned in demanding with energy the execution of those treaties, the uplioUl- |pg of that barrier? •• Formerly the instinct of the groat Frederick had iliseovorcd to him the dangers of the partition; he •ielded only to tlie importunities of the Empress of JluKsia ; he told me so liimself. Even Austria, and it is tio liberal government that 1 am citing, has I'requently Jtlt tho same impression, and, if I am correctly infbrm- •d, it was recently expressed by M. de .Mcttcrnich, the least liberal of all the Austrians. "As for K.ngland, gentlemen, recently so jealous of Russia, would she feel lliot jealousy only in favour of tho Turks .' Do I not see, besides, at the head of the ,«dniinistration of that country, tho illustrious men who ishave so nobly distinguished themselves by their sirceclies igainst the partition uf Poland ? Do 1 not see there 4lie members of that society, not numerous it is true, •l)Ul celebrated, whence emanated the best and tho most 'jjnergetic publication in favour of Polish independence ? i " Let us hoiio then that tho governniont, in fulfilling k sacred duty, will find means to servo effectually the iCause of all Europe. '• '• I am indebted to one of my honourable colleogiies • for having afibrded me an occasion wliich I should have -j°eared to create, of announcing from this tribune, that «Jlhere exists a Polish committee, appointed for the pur- «poKe of affording to our brethoren of Poland every proof liof our sympathy, of sending them all the succours in our power ; and I have the honour to acquaint all my .colleagues of the Chamber that their donations will be f received by us with groat pleasure and gratitude. li " It was thus that a Greek committee was formerly ||^>stablished ; and, while on this topic, I will express my ■#wish that the government should at length exert itself I to fix large and suitable limits to that country, including f the island of Candia, the morn interesting, as at the i moment that the Candiotos had armed themselves to complete the expulsion of tho 'Ptirks, they were stopped by tho interference of the maritime powers. " Yesterday you were told of Portugal : gentlemen, I would wish to think that tho king's government exerts I itself to cause the name and the colours of Franco to be 1 respected every where. I have been told of insults otfer- I ed to our flag at Setuval, of a Frenchman paraded about I and beaten in tho streets of another town. Wc have 3 been called villains in an official journal, published un- I der tho auspices of the murderer of tho Marquis of 1 Louie, the best friend of the king his father. I "At tho mention of Portugal, I am indignant that 1 any one should have dared to mix up the name of the ?! sdvercignty of the people, with that of the cowardly ^ and cruel tyrant, aa he was so properly called by his I patron Lord Alicrdecn ! Il is as if tho name of repub- * lie should be given to tho regime of 17!l3, or that of re- iligiun to the Saint Bartholuinew massacre! Let no I treaty then be made with Don Miguel, but let him bo punished ; ho deserves lo be expelled, and he will bo. " , . . . Gentlomon, I have submitled lo you some principles which I believe lo be iruo, which it concerns our very oxifilonce lo maintain, and from which we ought lo admit all the deductions." A month later, he said : " My Bolgic diplomacy has always been very simple, 'I'o hasten to acknowledge -r. the independence of Belgium, to forbid tho entrance of 3 the troops of tho neighbouring powers info that coun- ~ try ; so much has been done, and well done. To ab- stain from intermeddling in their institutions, or in their choices, should have been done also. Now that we have entered u|)on a course of protocols, il rcninins for the French government to defend the integrity of the terri- tory of tho Belgians, so plainly laid down in Iheir rc- prosenlalion to the States general, and in the dcclara lion of indopondonce of their provinces. I he (lowrrs which, with reascin, had recognised the sepa alion of Belgium frum Ilulliind, should resolve lo look ifKin Itussia and Poland as fbriiiing one empire, tlioii<>ti listinct in so many resficcts, and (Icclared to lie so even by Iho Coiiirrcss of Vienna ; and not to consider il a iiaiiifest violation of the non-intervcnlion principle, that the Uiissiansliave entered the I'olisli territory, not- withstanding all tliat has been said, not only by the I'rienda of liberty and reason, hut which is a very dif- crenl thing, by ihe very acts of that congress? " As for Italy ; in the same way that 1 did justice to the strong and explicit dei laration which the lastadinin- istration made to the powers bordering on Helgium, 1 wish lo iMjliove that a similar declaration, without weakness or reservation, has liecn made lo the (lowers liordering on tho new Italian states; and I have reason lo think that the minister for foreign affairs will not Ibrego this assertion of the principle of non-inlcrveii- tion, nor the praise for which it is a subject. " 1 shall only observe, that it is surprising that tho Duke of Modcna, whom wn have known as a bad cor- respondent, and whom his country has not found lo be a good prince, having brought away a prisoner to Min- lua, that prisoner, jM. Menotti, shoiilil tic (letaiiicd in the prisons of a foreign country, as being the only subject remaining lo il: and if il were not known what Aus- trian prisons arc, wo might judge of tlieni by certain details which have oppearcd on the present condition of the prisoners at Spiegclbcrg. " But what is not easy to comprehend, gentlemen, in civilised Kuropo, is the manner in which the neigh, hours of Poland arc conducting themselves towards her. Prussia, for example, has seized upon all the funds of the bank of Warsaw which had been deposited in the bank of Berlin, and which belonged, not to the crown, but to tho stale and to private individuals ; she stops travellers, takes from them their money, and imprisons them ; and all these excesses, which remind us of cer- tain forests formerly fomous, are coinniitled thrniigh the influence of the Russian ambassador, who rules In Berlin. Il seems lo me that this description of inter- vention ought to be lliB subject of diplomatic represen- tations.'' In all his conversation with Louis Philippe, and all his discusBions with the several members of the cabinet, Lafayette professed loudly and constantly the same principles. Whence, that flood of hatreds and invec. lives which all the aristocracies of F.uro|io have pour ed out against him.* Hence, also, Ihe efforts of the foreign diplomacy, the influence of which determined the conduct which the cabinet of tho Palais-Iloyal pursued towards him, as soon as that cabinet had re olvcd on effecting its reconciliation with the Holy Al- liance, by neutralizing the burst of patriotic spirit in France, and leaving the field open lo the policy of the despotic cabinets, against tho nations which sought to work out their regeneration after our example. The presence of Lafayette in the councils of the new roy- ally, his influenco in directing the public aflairs, his |xnvor at the head of the armed nation, inado him an object of dread to the absolutists without, as well ap to those within ; and I have documentary proof that the diplomntists iiiado his removal an indispensable condi- tion of any ulterior transactions with the cabinet of the Palais-Koyul. CHAPTER Xin. Cnntlnunlion of ilio I'lirociil'in— Lnlnymie in bin rrlntlons wiih tlii' loreiiin pairliits — TJip IJi-ljitr (li'initlcs openly innke him (ivfrttires — Ilia illfirlfiHuri'B rcsiH'Ciini; llui»ia and Tuluud — Ills rt-lation! with the Iialian paitlms— His liliir In tlirni. Il has been just seen that the system of non-inter vonlion, such as Lafayette had defined it, gave at least to Franco an atlitudc which prnteclod her interests, and maintained her reputation. Il was, however, easy to perceive that the Palais-Royal had no desire tor tho * M. Dupin, toninr. NKW iERIES — 2 * In rwpecl to llie hatrrd wltli wliich Ills Eariiponn arldlocracif 8 lintioiir l.atayi-ue, NaiHili'flii one day saiil in him; "Ail tlinm; ponpie ilciKDl mil hitiirtily; they duliMi ii* all; hut, bah! ilist ii iiiiihins I" Ihe linirrd they hear yon ; 1 could iirriT iinvK conoifivrd thai iiamnn haired riMild go Ml far !" And Napoleon had the means of know- ing well how thai nialtcr kiood. consequences of the principle it had |irocluiine(l, and that Iho (.'Imy and the inlorcsls of liio coiinlry had al- ready ceased to be Iho rnliiiir iiiolivos of its policy. I.a- liiyotle, alariiioil at this loiidonoy lo nlrograde, placed hiiiiself in steady opposilioii to llio iiai row scllislinrss that had so spceiiily siioooodod lo Iho roviiliitiiiiiary en- Ihusiasni and re piililiran sonliini nis wlin h ho, credu- lous man I had (iecked with a oili/.on orviwii. 'I'lie s|.i>!l was tiK) sud'ed for the veteran of liberty, it was privately said that there were three plagues to bo got rid of, Lafayette, Laftillc, and Dupont de TEure. From that time il was evident lliat for the removal of Lafayette only a convenient occasion was awaited: that opportnnily arrived; and we shall see presently with what art it had lieon brought about, with what avidity it was seized upon. I return to the diplomacy of the early jicriod of the rcvolulioii, as il related to Lafayette. From the very commencement of the insurrection at Brussels, the Hclgiaiis had entered into close communi- cation with the friend of Washington. Their deputies came to ott'or him successively the presidency and tho crown : "This at least," they told him, "will be a citi- zen crown," Lafayette received these high nflers with res|iect and gratitude, but refused the signal honour which was intended him, and recommeiidi'd to the Bel- gians lo choose, in either case, one of their fellow citi- zens as tho head of their new government. For him- self, he thought, lio said, that even fiir the inlcrosts of the liberty of other countries his presence was more useful in Franco than il could be anywhere else. Lafayette was desirous that Belgium should consli. Into herself n federative republic, so as lo form a sort of northern Switzerland, in close alliance with France, and under her special guarantee. It was thus also that ho had ardently wished to see (Jrecco organise itself into an eastern Helvetia ; hoping that the moral effect of these two donincratic constitutions, and the example of Older nnd public pros|)erity they would afford, would remove many prejudices, and be produclivc of salutary inoditications in the European notions of society and government. When, however, il appeared to him evident that the majority of tho Belgians were not inclined for a repub- lic, but were decidedly for a republican monarchy on the model of thai whoso principles had been accepted in France, Lafayette strongly uigcd that the cabinet of tho Palais.Royal should abstain from exeritisiiigany In- fluence, cither on the conHtitution, or th« choice of a prince, which the Belgians might find il expedient lo adopt. In his opinion, the policy of the French govern, ment ought lo be limited to securing the sovereignty of the Bclgic people against the direct interference, the in. fluencc, and tho intrigues, of foreign powers. After the oloi^lion of tho Duko of Nemours by the Oolgian con- gress, Lafayette declared aloud fiir llio accepting of the crown by that young prince, in the election of whom he saw only, as he said from tlie tribune, the rightlijl excr- 10 LAFAYETTE ANU 1.01IIS nilMlMM:. ^ ^^* ) •■ ci«' ol' tlic iiulioiiul siiveri'ifriity- Hut all tliut sj'Htfin, 1o wlili'll llii; c.iliiiii'l ul' l]w I'uluis Itoyal ullVcUd to lie wt'ildt'il, li:ul Iktii suddtiily chan;;cd by llic Hciulliitr (if M. di; 'riilli-yraiid tii lOiifflaml,* tin' ri'iuwiil of the llcdy Alliaiicc, uiid tlic rc-mriL'ctiuu ul" the ('(iiij^nsH of Vi- I'liiia, disKiii>i>'d uiuliT llic name uf the Confercure of liundun. Still it is lurtaiii timt the iiilliicnce ul' Lufiiy etto eUKiLied to llili;iiiiii that jiriiiiury iiideiiciideiici uiul security widch sa\i-d its new'-liorn revolution, and ciiahled tJK^ rountry to cvercisi; ii sendilunce ol' [kijiu iar »uveiei;,'nty. ']"lie coiieuHsion of July liad lieeu felt in every part of r".uro|H'. 'I'lio name of f.al'ayette Hfived in a manner as the eonduclur of Iho eh^etric shock. It was in that name, it nns to the ery of \ ire l.ifin/ille.' that at Dres- den, at DrunswieU, at Hanover, and many other towns of (Jeruiany, the |ieo|)le uwoke to liberty. The absolute povernnients were in eoiisternation ; the urisloeraeies were paralysed. It was on the ;J:)th of November that the I'oli-di revolution broke out, 'I'here, likewise, th( name of (.alayetle, invoked by the patriots of Warsaw, resounded in all the insurjrent provinces. A few months only had elapsed since the friend aiul companion of Kos. ciu.«ko, tn\'iled to a fc'-tival held in commemoration oi the birth of tiiat jLrreat man, had paid a tribute to the na- tional steadtiistiK'SS of I'uland, and foretold the approach- ing emancipation of that noble comitry. When the event had justified his prcdictioi\s, his name lieeamc as a syudml of salvation, by the aid of which Poland smn- iiioned her children to arms and to liberty! .Meanwhile, on learniufj the news of the prcat events at Paris, the Kmpernr Nicholas rcsolvi'd to raisi' apain the Ftandird of the Holy .Uliiincc. War ajrailist I'raiuc was dcciiled upon in the cabinet of Pi tcrsbnrfr, which hastened to establish magazines in Pohnul, and to ar- ranpfc a plan of operations, in the order of which the I'olish rcifiuients were to form the advanced guard of the iinperial .irmy.t The lirlffic revolution came to supply fresh food to the wrath of the autocrat, and to hasten the mi'asnres of combination and of detail whicli the Hussian ministry had already adopted, in contemplation of an npproachini; and t'encral war. Tliose measures are attested by the documents li)ntid in the iwrttblioof the (Jrand-dukeC'on- Btnnlino, wliieli he loft behind hiui in his cabinet in the idfrht lietween the 'J'JIh ajiri IJUlh of November. Amonc those important papcis, of which copies were sent to La- fayotte, was li)nn li cannot bin Ix- niUTcsiini.' fn my ri-nileii. Tliai a|i|iiiiiiinH'iii. tMiniri'il hy ilni knin, wn* wninilv I'aiiili.ni'il ni the niuiii II by .MM. I.»lliiie, Mole, Unpniil ile I Kure, iinJ U>|jiii.n M. I.all'iilu jiariiciilarly nriji'il Ihi; iin|Hi|inlariiy nl' »nrli dcIuihm'; fmt ilie inirliiiKS ut the ihctrinuint, nnil tlie nlMilnarv nl' I Iii I'hilippe's will, I ruvnik'il aualnm llie opinion nf (he IVIeiuliiiii' ilu' ri'vuluilitn; Louis (lie Wlll.'s grnnil cliainberlaiii wn< srnt to Loiidini; an'l it i:i well knuwn in winii rplril lie lia> ilieii- la- liiiiirfil. [In aRiUier place .M.iJai runs calls Talleyrand " Tirac^irnj PtrttoniJifJ." — A't/.] t It was ill refercnci) lo tlioso milliary demnnstrniinns that Ln- fayeiie <,-hiI one itay I'rum the tiibnim, ihattlieadvaiiccU guard had lunied ruuud agaiiut iliu main buily orniu urmy. ence, by ineanii of whieh it wuR said that he hud stirretl up the movements in Italy. 'J'his second aci-usation i as miliiiindcd as the former. Lafayette was a total stranger to the Italian insurrections tip to the moiiicnl of their breaking out ; he had even refused to engage in an extensive plan of conspiracy in which the Duke ol .Modena had joined, tor the purpose, as lii^ said, of free- ing Italy from tin* yoke of Austria and the dominion of till! Po|it'. ."Solicited, by tlie ugciils of that iietly tyrant to engage in that conspiracy, and to ali'ord him the sup- |«)rtofhis intlucnce with the Italian patriots, FjafayctI liad answered, that he csleeincd the duke of iModcna ti« little, ever to con.sent to ha\e uiiy thing in cninmon with him, umler whatever iircte.xt or in whatever interest it might 1m'. However, when tho insurrections of Modena and tin Roman states broke fortli, Lafayette attached the great- est iniportanee, and took the liveliest interest in, tliu uuc- cess of the cause of the Italian patriots. His first care was to call with earnestness for the iin- mediale formation ol a cor^n d'arinie on the Alps, to ki cp the Au.striaiis in check, and thus protect the fret devi lo|Hinciit of the popular insurrection ; he then dc iiiandcd that the government should nolily the principh ofiion-intcrvention lo the cabinet of Vienna, and declare its formal resolution to exact the most rigid application of it lo the artairs of Italy. And, in cUect, notes drawn up in this spirit were addressed to the courts of Vienna, Pe. tcrsbnrg, Naples, ond Turin, ulkr lieing first conimuni. caled to Lafayette, 'i'lien, also, M. Sebastiuni declared oiiiciiilly to the Pope's nuMcio, that France would never sull'er the Au.strian arms ti. aid his holiness in suppress- ing the patriotic movements of the Legations; and, linally, .Marshal (ii5rard received orders to prepare him- self to go and take the command of u corps d'unnie u\Kin the Alps. It was on occasion of these several measures, that the king having said to Laliiyette, " But how can we reach Italy without passing through the neutral states of the king of Sardinia?" The general replied: — "If that embarrass your majesty in the least, 1 nsk only twelve days to open liir you two passages wider than the co- linnns will require. Sire, have the goodness only to in- torni us which way you desire to pass." In fact, nothing, at this period, would have been easier than to obtain, not from the cuurt ot Sardinia, hut from the inhabitants of Savoy, of Piedmont, and of the Icrri- lory of (iennn, secure passages for a French army that sliouM have Ikcii hastening to the succour of Italy. His lilter, in answer to that which a deputation of Italian patriots had written to him, to ascertain the real dis|>o- sitions of the French governinent in their regard, has Ikh'ii the siibjecl of too many |>crfidious inslnuation.s, both in and out of the ChamU'rs, for me not to hasten here to in-ert thai historical document. It is as fol- lows : " 'i'o AI.AI. Misley, Fossati, Maroncelli, and Linati. "Paris, auth February, 1«3I. " Gciitlcnicn, " I have received with the liveliest gratitude, the let- ter with which you have honoured my devotion to the cause of universal liberty, and our individual wishes for Italian independence. It is in reading the aiinnls of your fine country, the earliest slndy of our childhood, that we have all cxperienci^d the premature throbbiiigs of our hearts at the recital of republican actions and virtues. 'I'wiec, as you observe, that sacred lire shone in Italy. Hut in the present advancement of political civilization, disencimihcred of the old alloys of slavery and aristocracy, cinanating from the sovereignty of the |K'oplc, and based on the re))re»entutive system, now that the iiiiprescriptihle rights of men and of societies havi been clearly defined; it is the piovinccof your admirable language to proclaim to your intelligent |Hipulittiun, the practice to their utmost extent, of the principles of true and perfect liberty. "'I'oo long, gentlemen, has Italy been the property of a few families, an object of Irafiic amongst them, a stage lor the intrigues of Ion ign iliploinacy, tlic sport of de- ceitful and ever-broken promises. Kvcry friend of hu- man emancipation wishes lo sec your liberty at lengtl established upon tlie basis of a perfect indeliciidence and nalionahty. " It is lo tho internal and spontaneous mflvcinentt of your patriotism that the recent revolution is owing, of which 1 glory in being an ardent admirer. Wc Frencli- men of Iho barricades of July have had no part in it, c.vcejit the incvit of having set on example of courage in the combat, of generosity after the victory. 'Wc are far from disclaiming that glory ; it imposes upon us, in my opinion, towards our brother freemen of otiicr nations, scntinients and duties mure binding tliuii those of an ordinary .lympalhy. " lliil it, on the iitlier hand, it gives us any claim npfiii your atleiitioii, gi nlUtnen, allow me lo avail niyM-ll' of it, to reeommeiid to you that nalional and truly Italian union, whieh niu.-t ctiMire the success of your noble ef- forts, and the iiiilcpeiidciice and prosperity of your fine country. " ^'oii can yotirselvcH afiord to your compatriots a sin- cere testiniony of the warm and deep sympathy of the Freneh people towarils you. You liavi; had the ojipor- tiinily ol'witnessing their admiration of you, their ardent wisliis for yiun success, their longing to sec Ihc noble and cla^sic land of Italy conquer and consolidale its liberty and indcpeiideiice. These who think with nie, of till- Chamber, and others, especially those whom cir- cumstances relating piuticularly to Poland have formed into a special committee, share this sentiment in the fullest manner, and have charged me to express it to yon. ".\s for the conslitutional government which directs our internal affairs, I can only refir yon lo what it has itself proclaimed from the nalional tribune, and to the as.-^ciit which it has tliriee given in that Chamber, by not obji cling, to my definition of the Frencli system of iiuii-inlirifhlioii. I will add, that I have had cognizance of oflicial letters which were in unison with these prin- ciples. " Accept, genllemcn, tho expression of my gratitude, my best wisjies, my zeal, my uttaclimcnt, and my pro- foundcsl respect. "L.tKAVEn'E." CHAPTER XIV. •.'■intinuntiim of the I'liritiiiinj!— I.alayinc in liis rrlatloiis wiih t'liain— Ilia ilenianils on belialt' ol' ilini eouniry — Tim Frencli |;ioi rnniint rii,nitiilii|jiilUical iiriisi'lyiivin— It inlislitli)! Hpanisb Mi'iiLi'i-r!-'l.unisl'liili|)|iettiriiislieiiiliini willi(iu|i)>lii-H--NMiliirliul iniiivii'w nl'.M. Uui/.rlnli( iles|jt(ti li IS kept I'fiiiii ttiu kniiwlcdpo i,t' the ciiniicil — I'rivute du- laiis ri-s|H'Ciiii)t ilif t'urnnitiiin of the nilininisiratioii ot the IJUi ol'iMairti — t'liiiduct urLufayeUe during all ihi'se intrif{ui-s. In reviewing the various acts of the foreign policy of Laliiyctte after the revolution of July, I ought to have conimcnced by giving un account of his relations with unhappy Spain. It is, in fact, the nation in all Kuro|K', for which he had constantly struggled witli the greatest interest and solicitude. Since the impious war of the Kestoration against the constitution of the Cortes — aliove all, sii ee the sacrilegious trininph which Frencli soldiers had the imluippiiiess to obtain over the liberties of the S|)atiiard.s, aniidst the applause of the desjiots of Furojx; — Laliiyetle had never ceased to call that crusade a na- tional crime, and lo demand liir tlie ojipressed nation the reparations that were ilue to it. In Eurojic, as in America, he never allowed an opportunity to esca|Ki him of branding the naiiio of Ferdinand VII., of avenging the iiieiiiory of that tyrant's victims, and especially Uiat of the unlortunato Hiegci. From the inanspicious day of the capitulation of Cadiz, he constituted himself, not only in the tribune, but likewise with Ihc ininislcrs of t'harles X., the ad»oeate of the interests of the SjHitiish refugees, particularly of those who had capilnlaled as Alicant and (.'artliagena, and tliut in spile of the clamours of the Chamber and the vocil'erulionB of the absolutistt out of il. Never liad any [icoplc been so basely deceived ; never had tyrant so unblushingly s))orleil with sworn liiith, and the rights of humaiiity : tlie governinetit of llie Keslora- lion had octed treacherously towards the Spanish coiisli- tutionahsts ; bnt Ferdinand's conduct towards his coun- trymen was atrocious, hideously (lerjured and blood stained, notwitlistandiiig that they had been so merciful to the crimes of liia whole lilt?. Lafayette made France and the whole world resound with those horrors which for nine years he persisted in holding up lo the indigna- tion of every manly heart. The capilultttion of Santana, signed by the Prince of Hohenlolie, expressed, that if the Spanish ofticcrs had any pro|)crty in Spain, the [Nisscssion of it was secured lo them, and that no resident iu the place should be niu- b'sled for political opinions ; notwithstanding which, the properly of those ollieers was confiscated, and whoever had manifested the least altachinent to the constitution, was thrown into a dimgecn or put to ileath. The caiiitu- lalioii of Granada, signed by General Molitor; that of Harcdona, by Marshal iWoncey; and that of Caithagcna, by Generiil Uomieinain ; stipulated the same guarantees, and yet, the defender* and inhdbitoints of those several i LAFAYETTE ANI> lAiVlH PHILIPPE. ii(liii|r tliuii tlioHC of an ^ive.sus any claim upon t iiiu to iivuil iiiyM'ir 1)1" itiuiial and truly Italian ucciiis cil' your nolilc s of M. l.ufTltlt.-'^ to M. IVriiT — An iiii|Hirlaiit f I.I" till' ciiiinril — rrivuif de. i ndiiiiiilMratioii iii lliu IJUi tiny all tlit'tiu inlrigues. ts of the foreign policy of July, I ought tu have it of ids relations with lu nation in all Kurope, gled with the greatest impious war of the in of the ('«rtes — uliove which French soldiers r the liberties of the tl iC dcs|iotH of Kuru|H.' cull that crusade a na- oppressed nation the In Euro|M', ns in jortunity to csea|Ki him d VII., of avenging ■, and espceiully that the inanspieiouK day onstiluted liimmlf, not with the ministers of crests of the Spanish lio hud capitiihited as in spile of the clamours ions of the absolutistt he It. ite 1 11 ■ds lascly deceived ; never with sworn liiith, and iineiit of the Kcstora- tlie Spanish consti- uct towards his coun- jicrjurcd and lilood had U'en so merciful atiiyette made France thou: horrors wliiili ng up tu the indigna- nnd hy the Prince of •Spanish officers had oil of it was s< cured place should hi^ mo- islanding which, tlie iseated, and whoever t to the constitution, urt of August, 1830, landed at Havre without passports, received them from Paris upon the request of the under-prefect, in order to repair to the Pyreiiean frontier ; why two hundri d refu- ge>>s of the same nation, landed likewise ut the same port, were there formed into detachmcnfji, commanded hy Spanish officers chosen by themselves, and then for- warded towards Bayonnc and Perpignan, with route bills regulating the pay and other allowances, the same as for French troops when on tho march ; and why the some thing was done at Calais, at Boulogne, and at Paris. The government shamefully denied these facts in the tribune, and maintained that it had granted the Spanish patriots only pa.ssports of poverty. Passport.s of [loverty to go where ? Into Spain, to seek, no doubt, in execu- tions, some relief of their misery. A few words will siiflice to prove the falsehood of this assertion. From the Ist to the 30th of December, 1830, detaehments of thirty to forty Spanish rctugeas were leaving Paris every day for tho Pyrenees, with collective passports, and those passi>orts were delivered, by authority, to a commanding officer, who was commissioned to receive the pay of the whole, and to distribute it among his .soldiers. I have before mc, for example, the route bill of a detachment of thirty -seven men, which left Paris on the morning of the "til of December, appointing the halting places, at Arpa- jon, Btamiics, Orleans, Beaugcncy, Blois, Chatcllerault, Poitiers, &.e. The fiiet is, that in tlie interval of a few hours, the diplomatic injunction to suppress the patriotic attempts of the Spanish constitutionalists, had reached the Palais. Uoyal together with the menacing and insulting rccogni- tion by Ferdinand VII., and that, elated at this spurious adoption, the royalty of tlie barricades did not hesitate for a moment to repay it with an act of perfidy. All the tails I have just retraced are strictly correct; the proof of every one of them is in my hands. Never- theless, the ministry dared unhhishingly to deny them. M. Ouizot inainlained, in the tribune, that if the ministry of which he formed a part, had been induliient to the Spanish patriots, it was Ix'causc the government gave way at the time to an innuenec it could hardly resist. Lafayette scorned this mode of insinuation, and declared that he recognised and avowed himself to bo the object of the ministerial allusion; but it wus easy to perceive, by the constraint with which he spoke, that, aware of some weighty circumstance, he wished to avoid compro- mising any one but himself in tlic whole of that affair : that circninsfcncc I shall now state, because it is neces- sary that France should know it, and because, having passed at the Council and in the presence of eight indivi- duals, it is at this day any thing but a state secret.* It is this : The crown granted one hundred thousand francs towards the success of the expedition of the Spanish con- stitutionalists; and that sum was converted into two let- ters of credit of fil\y thousand francs each, one of which, on a banker of Mar.seilles, was given to the unfortunate Torrijos : this is the naked truth. It is known into how many detestable persooutions * t nutft liprr dpi'tari*, on my iHinoiir. llml twiwever I'rfssing my iuilii iiAilonn to M. dc LatayGuV* to cnnflriii In me llin irtitti uf Ifila fact, [ have never bi'cn able to get liliii In arknowledf;c it. Tlit- jriieial liai aln'ay!i,oii lliai point, glveu an cvaiive answer. Ili.it proteelidii rniiii the liighi st qtii.rter has Iki n eoii- viTled, on the faith of which .-o iiiaiiy virtims liasleiud to Ihe seatfold. Tlie refii^'i is briit.illy dis|Krtutatii>ii had likewise u|)|ilird, and who was move soiisililr llian any one ol'tho di'ptli ol'thc ahyss into wliicli a misiilarx-d unnlidcncc nii;rht prrcipilatc tho Ita- lian patriots, rcpairrd to M. Scitastiani, iniplnrcd him to lot liini know, on this sniijcct, the intentions ot"the cahi- net, and rerciveil I'nmi him the same pr,itrineiple, it is neeessarv fo c.vainine into the real causes whieh produced it. Struck with the amazing event of .Inly, the kings of Kuropc saw their dontiiiions exiiosed to the irruption ot the revolutionary torrent ; ami, in their first alarm, they awaited, a« for the accomplisluncnt of a decree of fate, the concussion with which their thrones were threatened Kvents were happening every ilay to cordirm that appre- hension. Already liclgium, Swilzeiland, and I'ldand had interposed thcru.^clvcs hetwccu llii' French principle of the sovereignty of the people, and the fur( ign doctrine of legitimacy. (Jerniany itself saw the gatln'ring of the thunder cloud, |irecnrsor of the tempest, livery where the warmest synipilhy lor our revolution was tin- pre- dominant lirling of the people. In short, it was impos- sihle lor the nhsolule monarchies to tliiuk that Trance wnidd he so inane, as not to avail hersilf, whatc ver in other respects might be her moderation, of the eudiar- rassinents in the midst of whieh her enemies had so suddenly lircn plunged. It was evident to those eabimis tliat a moditicali.m, more or less imporliuil, in the trea- ties of 1-1.'), woiijil he the incvit.iiile consc(|Ucnce of the overthrow of that unmarehy, thi' existence ot'w hieli those treaties had guaranti'cd. .\onc foresaw, nor could lon-- dce, that there woulil he tbund among us a caliin<'t capable of pondeuming the Tranic lU'July to remain a mere spec- tator of the events that were going to take place in lai- rope. In fact, it is oi.e of the prodigies of that pirioil, that a lew inin should have appeared capable of nhan- doning till' position in which the rivolution of .Inly had placed their comitry, ■■oid disri Lr.'irding the p.ilpable ne- I'C'sity of direiling eve'y ncu'olialioii in the vi.'W of oh. taining eompensation liir the painlhl sacriliees iiiiiioscd upon IVaiiec hy llic treaty of I'aris. An»t-lii understood very hpII tlip logical inrercncon from that po-^iiion. It inv.jlved for that |Kiwcr, the pre- »prvation «t' the choicest jewel of linr crown, I.omliar- Holy Si e to Criinl 11 reprcivnlatin' iionstitulion to the HtulcH of the t'lnirrh. .'Id. To coiwldcr, jiiinlly and noverally, of Iho nieiim ol elVcelinifa generil disarming; Ihroiiiflioiil the oulllliii'iil. This threefold proposal gave rise lo wnrm discussions in Ihc council. 'I ho king, who, even hi fore the question ri-lative to the Dueliy of .Modena had heen brought un- der deliberation, had declared tor the oeeupalion of that state, on the ground of the reversionary title above stated, nrfreil anew his opinion in favour of that concession. .\I. Lallitte warmly opposed it. That minister stated in supiKirt of his opinion: 1st. That the sucV'essioii to the I )ncliy ol' .Modena was not open: "Jil. That even were the reversionary title claimed by Austria actually acrpiir- ed by tliat |>ower, the interests of Krancc, and above all, the moral intercsLs of the revolution of July, vvovild op- pose invincible harriers to the permission of its exercise. -Vs for the constitutional institutions to he obtained I'or Koinagna, the president of the council showed the ab- surdity and impossibility of any sneli project, so long as the temporal power of the sovereign pontiH" should not l>c separated from his spiritual power. " Only imagine," said ho, "a chamber of ixers composed of eardinals, and an elective chamber filled with rectors and vicars 1" Ii; the disarming proposal, ^I. I.allitto saw only a leurrc oi the part of Austria; a means for procuring delay brought I'erward to paralyse the activity of I'Vancc, and hill her into a dccoitl'ul security. In short, Ihc prcsidonl of tlie council, considering the whole of the .Vustrian pro- |>osal as a di coption directed against France and the or- der of things which had sprung out of the barricad di inaiided tliat a note, based on the reasons he had laid down, should be imu'cdiatcly addressed to the caliinct oi Vienna, to nolily to it the [Kisitive refusal of France to adhere to its proposals, and her resolution lo exact, by every means in lier power, the rigorous observance of the principle of non-intervention, proclaimed by her as the basis of her liircign policy. Such was likewise the opinion of Lafayette relative lo the utfairs of Italy, and that opinion he expressed with an carncbtness that had the eti'ect of overawing, at least in appearance, the weak- nesses which had already conspired to sacrifice the prin- ciples and the men of .Inly. The other uieinlM'rs of the cabinet, and the king hiin- self, ap|H'ared to be on the side of the advice of .MAI. I.athlte and Lafayette; and, on the next day, M. Sebas- liaiii read to the council a nolo drawn up in the spirit ot the opinions expressed tlic day before hy the prime ini- iiislcr. Was Ibis note forwarded to the court of Vienna ? We must liilievc it was. At all events there arose from that moment some very serious surmises of the existence of a secret correspoiidence between the I'alais-Koyal and the liircign diplomatists, in the minds of the patriot ministers who then liirmed part of the cabinet of Louis I'liilipin . M. Lallilti' sus|Kcteil, with pain, that dcsjialchcs of the tirsi iniportance, and the results of which might implicate his responsibility, were kept from the knowledge of tin eoiniiil; will n a liirtiiitouscircnmstanoe occurred, which ehangiilthal suspicion into certainly. It was a short lime atler the discussion which I have just relalid, respecting the all'airs of Italy, that is to say, mi Tuesday the .Itli of March, lKlI,th,ii n courier tVoin Vienna had brought to M. Sebastiani a despatch from M.irshal Maison, who inloriin d bis governnii lit that M. de .Millernich had just nolilied to him, that the .\ustrian eabini Idid not ri eo[;iii-e lln' principle ofii'in-inlervention, mil that his own linn determination was to irterfcre, bv arms, not only in the slabs of I'arma and .Modena, but in all the pnn iiiees of Italy lo whieh the iiisinreetion should s|ircail. "Hitherto," M.de Metli rnich said, "hi have allowed Frame to put forw.ird the piineiple of noli, iiitervenlion, but it is lime she Nhould learn lliat we d< not mean to recognise il in what conn rns Italy. W shall carry our arms whitliersoever the insurrection sha cxteuil. If this intirvi ntion must lead to war, lie il so let war come. We wniiUl rather run all its cliunces than he exponrd lo ihtisIi in the midst of jiopular tii mull"." " Villi know," wrote our ambassador, " that liitherl no one had di eland niiire o|H'nly for |H'ace Ibaii my.sell . but I am now conviniid, that to ward olf the dangii- wliieh Ihrealen France, it is necessary, witlinnl dilx, and Inlore the Aiislriiin levies are organisid, to be In:.! ill the til Id, and throw an army into ricihnnnt." This iiiiporlaiit despali h rem hod the minisli r for for- eign all'iirs on Saturday Ihc "dh of .MarVh. A copy, in the handwriting of the son. in. law of .M, Sebastiani, was ininii dialely lorwarded to the king; and yd, on Tilesdav the'lth, no iiinimunicatioii of it had Iseii mailed) tin council of ininistem. .M. Lalhtte hiiiisi If was iiiliirnnd of il only tlirengli an indiscretion eoininitli d in the of- fice of th« HMrl lit* <'(i/ii(rinrs. lie repaired iiiiincdi- Blcly Bill rwnrd" to the I'alais.Koyal, nnd nsked the king if lie knew of n iles|iiileli from V i nun, that wax said ti have arrived at the Foreign Olliec three days before. The king answered that he did, and on Lalfilte's express, iiig bis astonishineul, the prince explained that strange silence hy the necessity of .sometinies guarding against the indiscretions coininitlcd in the council. The niinintor of war eaiiic in just at the lime. .M. LaH'ittu having put the same qnostiiin to him as to the king, Mar- shal Soult answered that he was eonipletcly ignorant of that circimistanec, and inanifestcd the greatest indigna- tion iigainst .M. Sebastiani, whom he called o traitor. Finally, came in the ininislcr for foreign affairs, who, npim being ipicstionid by the president of the council, answer- ed, stainmi ring, that he had certainly received a letter Iriim .Marshal .Maisiui, hut that that letter was not ol' great imiKirtance, and that, besides, he had not had tinic lo eomniniiieate it to his colleagues. However, H|)oii the demand of .'M. Lalhtte, the ininistcr, who had not yet placed the desputeh in his portlblio, went to his office 10 fetch il, and at last laid it before the council. The opinion of the mcinbers to whom the existence of that document had been a secret, is, that the king and W. .Sebastiani had iiiti odi d lo keep it from their knowledge. From that moment, and notwithstanding that it was promised that a similar inystitieation should not he re peilcd, .'M. Lallitte determined on ri tiring. I can atlirm that bis resignation was owing principally to the opinions which the king enlcrtainid ui>on the tbreign policy iif France. That prince would have peace at any price, and declared openly, that, whatever in that regpect inigbt be the opinion of iiis council, his own was irrevocable and imallerable Xeverlbeless, Iionis Philippe opposed or feigned to op])ose with all his might .M. Lallitte's intention to retire, by which retiiomeni, said ho, his friend would do him more harm than he had done him good by assisting to place the crown upon his head. However, at the end ol' an audience in which he again laid down his system of government, n system of movement and progression, din. metrically opposed to that in which the king declared his inleiition to persist, M. Lalfitte entreated his majes. ty lo aevepl his resignation, and earnestly advised him to entrust the presideney of the council to .M. Casiinir Pi rii r. The king again refused lo accept his resigna- tion, and evinced the most unqualified aversion for tin sneeisKor whom Latfilte had named. Tioiiis Philipin' said, at the liiiie, that he had a decided antipathy to M. Casimir I'l-ner's imperious character, to his constant ill health, and i ven to the colour of his liiee. *" .Notwithstanding all that, M. Lalhllc, resolved nt any rate to withdraw from a false position, nnworthy of his political honesty, convened next day a council of the minisli rs, which met at the Treasury, and in which, at' 11 r ripri seuting the system pursued until then as des. Irnetive to the principles of the revolution of July, to the iuterosts and the honour of France, he again nnloldnl his notions ot'governiiieiil,aiid ciilli d iqion his colleaguw Il 'lioose without delay iHlweeu the adoption of his syt. leiii and his iininediate resignation. His i nlleagilD were silent ; he renewed his question yet more urgently: the same silence ensued ; one of them only, M. de Mini- lalivil, answered that, tor his part, he was inoreiiielinn! to eonllirm to the svslein of .M. Perier than to llint m M. Lallitte. At those words M. Lalliltu declared tin silling eiuliil. This was on the lllh of March; tlh next day, the I'.'lli, the resigiiatiou of the president n: the eoimeil was teiiden d lor the third time, and necepti< bv him who, a few d.-ivs before, had ngaiii told him tliiii St.Jinitrs nntl St, I'/titip fcfii' utnlnl ou iiirth at thui u fif in hrtiv: n. Such were the eircntnstanees that led lotlie forinnlion of the ll|il,i^try of the l.'llh of March. Ill re a question suggests itself, which has given riw to doiibis iintiivourable to the (oiod liiith of the eitirni moteirehv, but I'm the soliilion of vvltieb history is as vii only furiii^bed with conjectures. Il is asked wlietlii- Ihc regret so lavishly expressed for the retirement of M Lallitte, and the dissolnlion of his cabinet, were reuli. sincere: or vvhelbi r, on the conlrary, the tein|M)rary em ploymeiit of some patriots in lb induetiiig ot'the pu!' lie iilViiirs had nut been considered merely a ni'eessity ■ the monienl, and their removal prcmedltnled tVoiii II' very day of lliiir aeeession, anil pripared by nn inlrig"' of whieh the ordinances of the I lllh of .March were mil the natural windln(r npi However readily we may Ik • 'I'liin niiilpntli)' til M. rmliiilr Pcrlcr, wlielhei real or ■(Di nil w iiH 111,1 (III' mmIv Miirriiiri' ilinl ilii' iniiMsri'liv of tin* tinrrli niti'it m |H>Mi il ii|H>ii ii«i II III till' I liiiirr III Its iiMiit,.ti'oi, Il iM will kniii tlinllii llicit niiMiiliirriiiiiiiiiiiilrntI 'ii>, ilii' kiii| siiil ilie lliiki' OiliniiA |tM I'l'^Ki il, lit that llliii', llii M)e«l siivi ri'lmi riihlrlii|it I Mnrslial Hiiiili, mill iiUeii riihiii'iI ilii'iiiselvrR Willi IniiKlikiis nt ■>= uasniiinilniB I'll'itl" of Ihai llllllliiti r lo je| llllllKlt Spllulllleil P'« ill III lit 11 laiiiill. pim in M Frai iyelte IP"', a llroi riii'li reiiln liesi 1 111 in ^ the oil Ih till, H ; anil 1 II CI i LAI'AVETTE AM) LOl'lS PIllLIi'I'i;. 21 ice tliiic (lays bcfiirc. 111(1 on I.atiilli's express. ■ expliiiiK (I lliiit stnin(;c times guiirdiiiK ngniiist in llic couiieil. Tlic the time. -M. I-attitlu him as to tlic kiiip, ^lar- completely itjiioriiiit ul' ed the greatest iiidigna- hom he called a traitor, foreifrn afiuirs, who, U|)ijii t of the council, answer- crtainly received a letti r it that letter was not ol' ides, he had not had tiiiio •agues. However, upon minister, wlio had not nrtlblio, went to his office lelbrc the council. 'I'lii' Din the existence of tliut s, that the king and M. it from their knowledge, withstanding that it was cation should not be re. on retiring. 1 can atfirm principally to the opinions urn the tiireign policy el' line peace at any price, ever in that respect might his own was irrevocable Ml opposed or feigned to nllitte's intention to retire, his friend would An him him good by assisting to I. However, at the end ol' II laid down his system of ment and progression, din. which the king declared alUtle entreated his mnjes. ind oarncslly advised him he council to M. Casiiiiir sed to accept his rcsigna- iKHialilied aversion for llio I named. Louis I'liilipi«' a decided antipathy to jM. riracler, to his constant ill of his liice. • . F.urtiltc, resolved nt any position, unworthy if his next day a enuncil of the j'reasury, and in which, nf Inirsned until then an de»- he revolution of July, to r I'ranee, he iiguin uuliilddi ullc (I upon his enlleagiio) (U the :iili)pti'• Ireil merely a neceimily i liil pn iMcditfltc d lYoui Ih III prepared by nn inlriij"' l.'ttll of Miirrh were oiil livever readily we may U |i rlir, wliHhri real nr »(Hi n^ niuirihv "f II"' liiirrli ihIi'h in ■I lliilllMi'l*. II Ik well till "< liK, ilii' kiiii mill IlK' l>i'' I iiii.»l min r'lmi riiiiliiii|il i lii'iiifaU til « liti Iniiiilihii m 11' lid Kd lilumll «|>|«iinii (1 P"' a , — -— = jieve in the existence of every species ot political hyjio- crisy, 0)10 is reluctant to admit such a coiistruelion as :'Vould pruvo the throne of Ihe barricades to he nothing put the stage of a mountebank, upon which every thing, even to the etl'usions of Iriendship, is a mere liiice. ,1 will not, therelbre, believe that, in high places, iitfcetion, griililude, reluctance, ajid tears, have been only acted, but will take ail these deinonstriitions to be tnu . However, It is a positive fact, which I put without eoinmcntto the Consciences of my readers, that, bclbre M. I.allitte'a ae- JDcssion to the presidency of the coimeil, some one who Wa.s labouring to procure the appointment of .M. IVrier, feeeived I'rom the latter this viiy signiricaiit answer: "// 1( i;i ivjih; Ihe. iwimeiU is )wt yet aniieU; Laffitlc must gojiral." I liave spoken at some lenglli of the circumstances iclative to the ministry of the 3d of .Novcmlier, beeau.se iliey bear the .same character of political apostaey as ^lose wlii.'h led to the removal of Ijafayi tie from public fll'airs. However, it would be a great mistake to (;oii. ^iiile Irom this coiiicidence, that an absolute iJcnlity ol' Principles existed between the commander in chief of 5ie national guards of the kingdom and the ministry of tlie .'Id of ^'ovember. In another chapter iil'this book, 1 llhall prove, on the contrary, that decided dillirenees of f]>iniuii upon the mostes.seniia! points of onr internal anil (. External policy ofleu broke out betu'eeii Ijnt'iyelle and Uiat cabinet, collectively considered. Thus, for instance, jpiey constantly dilVcred upon the iinestion of the tax nying i)ualilication Ibr elector;) and deputies, upon the herty of the press, the security to be given by Ihe prii- rietors of newsiKipers, the niouo]inly of piinling, i.Ve. lilt now that they are couliiimdcd in one cdnnnuii rc- ■rohation in the eyes of the court, ami those intriguers wlio obstruct its approach, I have Ihonght it bitter only to make one general ineiiti )ii of the slight wliii:li had to §c enihired by patriots, who dill'i ring as to the means, Wrecil as to the principle; the triumph of the reviilution ijl .Inly; the interest and the honour of France. ^ In till' midst of all Ihe struggles which he had to siis. I^in ill the council and at the tribune, to .save the liononr I'Vauce and the liberty of her most natural allies, I,;i. ^yette did not tiirget oilier interests extnniely dear to im, although they were being agitated on a distant age. Under the regime that had just perishcil, he hail vain urged, for ten years, the recognition of the Suiith Lineriean states. Hut the old goviriiinenl, ri siraineil by Imily coiisidiTatioMs, and reinaining deal' to the call ot |ie euiiinercial anil political iiiteiests ot' frniiec, had a|. awed Kiigland, by the priority of her ri'latioiis with the *cw states of that rich hi'inis|iheie, to take possession ■'all 'he advantages which a similarity of manners ^iniate, relisi'ion, and the experience Bei|niri il by un aominereial transaetions through the meiliniu ot old jiaiii, had opened to us in vain. ( Lalayelte thought, that I'Vanec having shaken otf the Joke of the licstoration and ot' the Holy Alliaiiee, lould seize upon this miiment to make a tViiiik ami Ilulu dcelaratioii of the indepenili'iice and the nationality f the iild Spanish colonies. ( 'onscipieiitly, in the lirst ays of the revolution of .Inly, he asi'cnded the trihime, nterrogated .M. .Alole, and drew lioni the government Ji otiieial deilaralion, that rrance iieognisi il, us imle- fniidelit states, Ijie ditVerent repnhlies of Snnlh .Vmcrici ; lat she was ready to lie;it with their envoys and to ui" ilil her own to their governments. This was a great oint ill ihploniacy, which isrhaps would have been still 1 dispiile, hail not the man of the two uurlils i ;insri| it I be deeiilcil, more ttiriiiigli till' power ot* eiremnslaiii'es laii by the wish of the men in power. Who, in lin I, loilld now venture to a'^^ert thai, h.iil I'l rilinanil \' 1 1, iipiired the iion-recognilion ot'liis old Iransatlaiitie pus- )ssi,)ns, lis a condition ol' his recognising the aeiession ' I. oiiis I'hilipiie, that uulicewtioli would lia\e been re eilhiin? Stii'li was Iialayetle in liis relations with iliploiiiiiev, ilh the p.itriols of every enunlry, iinil w illi Ihe evh mil jliey of Kranee, allei lli:it Id voliitimi which was t,i ive ri'sliiri'il l''iaiii'i' to the riiiik inul voiislderalion of rliieli the lloiirbiiiis hud despoiled her. (IroMglit lip in the grand hcIiooI of revohiliiiiii; in. :riii'ted hy the eonti'inpliition of the vieissitmlcH which rciiinpniiii'd the eiMiiiieipatioii of Aineiicn and of the ne«t eomilry in Kiirope ; by turns iin actor nnil a vie- in in these tragic performances ; liiiliiyetlehad aeipiired, the expcrieiiee of half a eeiitury, the entire eoinie [on thill the most wiliil security for the lihi riv of a nn- nil, is Ihe liherly of nil those whieli nn iiiiifnoiis In i anil thiit, t'or a revoliilion to hrennie i-l ililr, eipriiallt a I'niitiiii'Ut, it miHl In< deli iideil by ii eoiiiliiniilinn ression in a letter to his eonstitiienis, he is far from wisliing to resign. This patriotic iiiiieer- xidili/ isanohjeet of terror to the despotism and the aris- tocracy that weigh so heavily upon the world, lint the friends of order andof awiseliberty, can and do only see in it a moral power, which may immensely eontrilMiti towards the emancipation of Europe, and the introilne- tioii into the code of public law wliii II is now preparing, of true principles of eipiality, liberty, and order, at the least possible cost of disturbance and sulftring. CHArTKIfXV. 'I'l i:il of Itii' iiiiiiistiTs — This eviiil nwnkeiis llii' i\p''iialiini ol' all |p;inies— .\|i|iii'lii'iislnns 111 the I'iilics-ltiiviil— 'I'lii' roiirt |ilnrr all Ms liii|M' in l.arayi'tle — I'lictri y, lirmiiisrs. ami |imi|i wilh whii-h 111' is liiiiili'il— Willi u hal inli'iilioli tlr Ir llrilKIM'l nf |l r illiolilinii i,f tjlc pilli'sllllH'llt ul'iliatll - |l of p'opli's hiIikI — MiMsi'l'^ liiKiii h; l.aiilyrlle I" siriih' III' livrs nf llie ilecilsi'il anil the imli')H'iuli'lici* nf tin- |tiil[:r>— II tniiipiieiiisi's Ills iMi[iulate\— ItoiiU of lilt' trial— 'I'll' piisii'il, iiiifiatltiiili lallnh l..|B ll.llll!> The divarication of political opinions and vi ws whiih already separated liafayi tte from the men of the Ttli of .\ugtisl, was still increasing, when the apprnaeliiiig trial of the ininisters gave another colouring to the intentions of llu^ court with res|M'ct to the conimandcr-in-iliief of the national guards ot' the kiiigdom. The most enliii conlidcnee, the most atl'eet innate deli reiiee, the most tilial respect, succeeded, on a siuhh n, to the siispii imis, Ihe umbrage, tlie jealousy, and the private s;ireasnis, which had already filleii in the lot ol' the nobli general. Eatiiyelle was not deei iveil hy tliise ili'iiiotistralions ; he pitied the I'eeling tli:it dietateil tliein ; and iillhoiti;li he veiy clearly foresaw tluir lirininiitii.n, he neverllie. less persisted in the resolntioii of perliirining his duly in evi'ry partienl.ir; and, if neressary, of saeriliiing bis populiirity I'or the honour of the revidiilioii of .Inly. Al- t.iched III this reviilution, even to enlliusiasin, his eliiif aspiiation was that il should go down to posterity as the litnii ididl ot |Hipul:ir onmipolenee. To any other than I.aliiyelle, the proji et of sa\ing a few men, whose hands were steeped in Ihe lilnnd nf sn many patriots whose gra\es were seareel\' elnsid, would have Ih'cii iiisiirinotint.ibly dilfniilt ; any ollii i popnlarilv than lii:< own wniild havi' inevitably pi lisliid in the at. tiiiipl. The names of the ministers whom he wisliid to save from the vengeam l' Ihe people, reinindid lliem of a war unto death, and sworn iVoni nil time, against niir lihertiis. These men had In 'in selecli d I the ohgareby from iininiig the iiin^t guilty and Ilie l",i- sympathelie towards l''rance, among lie' actors and the iicciiinpliees in nil the eomiti'r.reviihitionary plots that had lireii eiirried nil liirtbrly years. They were the pro. niotir* of nil llie intriiiues, the |Mrlnriiiels ol" nil the vinli'iii'i'H, with which the eounliy had he'll harassed tinder the Kestnr.ilion. In whatever way they wen considered, lliise men, Mtihmissive yet despotic, I'erociiiiis yet iinbi eile, the n filse of the emigrants, or the tools ol llie E'lipirc, Il III pnsi nied a contradn linn the iiiiinI ex- tr.iniditiirv by wiiii h n.itinnal probity had ever lieen in sillied. 'I hey liiiil, ninri over, cniiceiii il, nil dilated, and signed the ordin.itiics ; they had eaiisi d the capital In Ihi fired upon during three days; hvi iity thousand faiiii liesealledtheniloaci'iiunt Ibr Ihelossof ii)ius|Mitid,:i liithi i, a son, or n iVii nil, iininlered by their oidrrH, And In whiit cliiss did these victims be'iitig .' To that pnci-ely wliieh I.afnyetle piitlietilarly eherislnd, and by wliicli he WHS the most »iiicen ly beloved and n spccleij. Aliiinst the whole of the national gnarils nlso ilemniid I'd against the mint^lirs the iiiimI .^ivire iipplie ilinii nf the l.iw Ibr till' piitiishmi'ul of high irensou. t)ii aiiuliioi 1 itie, lliv ino4 t>p|>oiiile |>iirtie«<, thi; iiidkI irreconcilable passions, the most cool radictory expecta- tions, were all centred at the trial of the ininisters. 'i'his ninment was awaited willi eipiiil iinpatirnce hy Ihe Car- lists, the llonapartists, and particularly by the liiri i^ii cabinets, lUl liniily beliiving that the mniiarehy nf July would not survive this great trial of its stability. This situation, already .so dilhenlt, ht'came still more complicated, hy Ihe ])reseiiee nf a niiitili( r of returned transports, thieves, and iiialeltietnrs of every kind, who, having dcriveil no prolil from the grand week, hoped to timl in a new eomniotion, an aiiipli' imlemnitv ibr the v«cr;/ic('.i imposed upon them hy the sublime popular probity which saiictilicd the days of July. In fine, it was necessary to add to all thi .-c cleineiils of disonier, Ihe xicril hut very active co-o|M'ialioii of Ihe police, which, allcr living n]i'in the wai;cs of the Empire and of legiliinaiy, uns inclined lo give itself tip to niiy ulher power thill would oll'i r it greater pndits and mote sreit- rily Ibr its dnralinii than a throne of yesterday, which nobody expectiil wntild last. .■\s liir the ri']inblie.iti youth, already so dissiitisfied with the ciooked march of the new jrovcrnment, it is lint justice lo say, iliut whether tlinmgli a consi it nliniiH I'e'ling of legal order, or I'pprelietiiluig a disliirhanec 'iiyniir.ible lo the ("arlist nr Impiri.il iiitcri sl,or win ther, in line, their nll'ectioii tiir l.alayille was stronger than lliiir resi'iitineiits, they saerilleed every other eoiisidera- tinii 111 Ihe public traiii|'iil!ity, and cordially seconded the zeal and the i ll'nitM ot' the national guard. .Meanwhile llie capital was a ]irey In lite most dreadful anxiety. At court, at the exchange, in the saloons, in Ihe connting houses, in the warehouses, everywhere, Ihu men, wlin alU'r the ilanirer, ninst ardently wished and I'nllid tiir the di-iiiissal ol' Eafayille, were not the least Inrward in snmiiling his praises, and pioilaiining him nine again, Ihe S';\i"iir of his country, and the U'gis of the tiioiuu-eliy. 'i'lie I'alais-lv'nval, whiili had Income the a>yluni whither all the lirmhieis nf llie Aig/icr rlnsaia had taken rcliige during Ihe sloriii, were in ecstasy, while shiiking with fear, beline the iiiiiirnlled man, wlinse virtues, liny said, eelipsi d the tiitesl chantclirs of atitiipiity. .Inst then, when the iiaine of laifayelle was menliniied, evi ry thing tli.it «iis Inyal, patrintie, and (lis. interested, was itndetstnnd. I recollect a I'fw jokes passed hy the Trinei -linynl al the expense ol' the |)iilo liiees, the t'^nilesipie cnnliision, and Ihe ildelriiii.in- iptak- ings, which his liilher's |inlace exhibited. '• It was enniiirh lo make one die with laughter," said His Uiiyal Highness. Siieli was the dispnsiiinii nf turn's iiiinds, when lliu king's cnitni'il iippri-id I,:il'iyi tli tliat the fullest pnwcr.s were ciitMi^ti'd to him, and that he was tn ninain invest- III wilh them during the wlmle lime llml Ihe hial nf the miiiislers should last. The police of the ralace.linyal, nf the l.nxeiiilioitrg, and of Ihe ('hambiTof Tiers, "ihu command of the troops of the line, togelher wilh that nf the nationnl giiaiil, were exeliisiyely eniilided to liini. Where Ihe duly of l.afiyelte was iliarly Iraeei' out, ho I'otild not hesitate in his decision. He willingly accept, ed nil Ihe respnns||iilily thus nceiiimil.iliil iipnii a mall nf siMiity, and look iipnii Inmscli' to i tisiire the regular cniirse nf pistiee, and the strict i.xd iilioii of itsscntencu w hativer it might be. The Inllnwing is III!' order of till' (lay wliieh he pub. lisheil oil this sun' -el : I only give this doctimint as 'he starling point of the ineasurcH wliieh we hIhiII lind iiiiii taking. oHiirn or Tin: rnv iiy riit; b'ni or llii iMiti it, 1^,'II1. The (J.'neral, coiuinander-iiiehii f of the National liiiards, luiiig ordered hy llie King lo lake also the coiii- liialid of Ihe troops nf the line thai slinll he on diitv on occ isinii (if Ihe trial nf the mini. iters, gives the fiillnvv iii^r direeliniis ; — " 'I'he chief of ihestitV of the N.itintial (Mianl, ami IJi'iicrnl I'uhvii r, will make arrangi itienis lo carry into etli 1 1 the meastires ordered by the gi nernl in cliiel' con- eerning the n iiiovnl of the prisoners lo Ihc I.uxcnil)our((, and the maintinnnee of piililie order. " (buer.ilH I'.ibvier tiiiil ('aihonucl will Iransmil (hit nrilers ol" the general in cliief to the lronp«, wlulhcr ot Ihe milioteil guards or the line, as also to t'olmtil I'cia- tamel, first iiieominaiiil,aiid to l.ii uli nanlcoluiiel Luvu- I III, Hi'cntid ill eoiniiiai.il, " III the absenie of the i liii f of the general slnlV, the .■iide«-ile-eaiiip (i. \V. I.at'ayi lie Iilid .IoiiIktI will tiill'J Ihe iltitii s nf mid' rchii'l's of tin slatV, and one nf Ihem will remain III the ipmrtiis of general slalV, wilh Hie !;i iienil in ehiil'. In ■ i.;ii eidei i. " I'roiii Ihe I Ilh nf lliia mniilli, nnd imlil fiirllirr or- dir>, the iiiiijor.ifciK nils, coloneli', sup liiirolliccrs uftlio 22 I.AFAYETTE A>» LOUIS PHILIPPE. stiilFor of the loginns, and all llic citizens composing tlic national guard ol' I'lirin and its district, are not, under any pretext, to put olF their nnilbrni. " Tlio nalionnl guards forming part of the Imltnlions of reserve in eiicli legion, ma)- attend to tliiir privat affairs, on leaving, however, inlorrnation »t I heir dwell- ing«, where they arc to be found in case of their beiiig called for. " 'I'hosi! who Hliall bo on guard at the Luxembourg, are not to leave their posts without a writleu |H'rmission from the olRcer (irst in eonunand. From the same |«'. riod a chief of b;'.ltalion sh.ill be on guard at the chef- linu of each arromlt^scmntt^ and shall proceed to execute the onii-rs given by the general stiilf, or by Generals Fabvier and C'arliiMini 1. " Particular inslruelinns will I'C, sent daily to each cliief ol a legion or conniiandin^ olKcer. " LAFAYFrrTK." From the time of the arrcs-t of the ministers (which was quile fiirtiiitous, and certainly indeiK-ndcnt of the will of Luuis Pliili|))pe, wlio wished their escajK;) Lafay- rttc had used every means to save those deeply guilty men froui tiic ahuust inevitable fate that threatened theui. lie wished that they should bo made the subjeil of a severe example of national justice ; but it was re- pugnant to his feelings that the [woplo of the barricades, after having been so generous to t'harlea X., should kIiow themselves vindictive and implacable towards those who carried into etUcct the cnunter-rovolutionary will of that despot; more especially as these same ministers, who had uo protector but hnnself, were the very men who but lately had ordered him to be arrested and shot. Uesidcs, Lafiyctte idolised the revolution of July ; and the mere idea of seeing it lowered to the system of the Bcaftbld, woidd, in his opinion, detract from its romantic character, or, a^' 1 liiive alieady saiil, from its hcnu inlilical olVeiiecs, had supported, on the ITtli of August, tin' proposiliortiinily, he thought it was of the greatest importance that vic- tims should no longer be sacriliced aller the combat. And when his friends observed to him, that his anxiety on behalf of those guilty ministers would render him very unpopular, iil ii lime when the rehilives and friends of siv lliousaiid \ ielinis weri' calling for jusliee on the blooil that hail jiisl been shed, he replied, that " pi piila- rily «hieh is the most valuible of treasures, Ihe only one Ihil \i W'lrtliy "f ambitiin, is, howc'ver, like all other treasures, int< iideil lo be e\|Hiiiled in the promotion of the pulilie wel are annt, a inont enlightened inagislrate ; .M. de Traey, thu lather of my honourable friend the nnllior of Ihe ad- mirablo Commeutary upon !Monlesipiieu ; and the vir- tuous Iiaroehel'oucaulil, the truest iniMhl of a great and eteoUcnt eiliion, so lamentably, so basely miirdrnd at fiisor<, alter the lOtU of August. This question nt pre. •snt occupioi the icnatc of the I'nitrd Sl,ile\ Il bus been introdiicad thrrn by the sainn Kdward Livinf>«lon who has eoinplrtrd the work commrnccd by hiin in the Inpitlature of the itutr of Louisiana. " How unfortunate, gentlemen, that the aholilion of the nunishmnnl of death should not have Imtu adopted by tne Const'tienl .'Kssemlily I How inueli irrepnriibli grief wiiuld have Is'iii spared us ! And what would nol flio Krenler imiulsr of those even who eoiieurred in lliose v.irimis and nmllitiidinous eoiidemnations have I'ivi u, n abort tiiim alter, to redeein. even at Ihe sacrifice of Ihiirl blood, the part which they hud taken in those sentences? I acknowledge, gentlemen, that since oni political storms, I liel an invincible horror of the puiiislmicnt of deatli. Our present revolution bears quite a dilTerent character from the preceding revolutions. AVilli patriotism ami courage we have seen the greatest generosity united. It were worthy of tliis last revolution to distinguish itself, thus early, by the great act of huinanily. which my ho- nourable friend has just jiroimsed to you. I vote for its lieing taken into consideration." I render homnge to the feelings that placed such lan- guage in the month of him who has been called with reason, the legate of the Constituent .\sseinbly ; of him, who, forty years before, had joined his voice lo the elo- quent voice of Diii)ort, in demanding the suppression of this human immolation. The inviolubilily of the life of man, has been, nt all times, in the eyes ol the most en- lightened philosophers, the principle upon which all hu- man society rests ; and Ihe time is doublless nol fiir dis- tant when this con.servative jiriucijilo will be established, and monienlary utility will give wny to i lernal justice. .\s the honourable .\i. de Traiy has said, " Nothing but what is just and true, can be really productive of bencli- eial consequences." Nevertheless, il may be ullowiibli- to ask, whether the moment was ojiportuii- for submitting this ini|H)rtaiii question to ihe legislature, when, in order to [iroceed con.scqucniia'ly, it wouhl have Ix'cn necessary, first of all, to enter ujioii an entire revision of the jMnal code, the nraconian severity of which still bears the impress of the most intolerable despotism? In oriler to save a few great criminals, ought the question to have Ikcu treated in this isolated manner, while, in the general opinion, its eonsideralion called for long meditation, pro- found discussions, and a time of tranquillity ? Ill fine, the piiiiishmeiil of di'alh biiiig in force nt the linu thu ministers were brought to trial, and when enor- mous crimes had just been perpetrated ag.iiii.^t what is dearest to man — liberty ; was it not lo be liared that, ill depriving the law of its strongest K.inelion, the authority of the national sovereignly might be weakeneil, anil the charge of a partiality entirely aristocnitic might be in- curred ? I declare, that, in my opinion, as in that of every conscientious man, the punishment of death ought to be abolishi d ; I also declare, that after conlribuling wilh all my feeble means to save the wholisule murder- ers employed by Charles X., from the deatli which the vengeance id' the |H'ople might have inllieled upon Iheiu, I coiigratiilale myself every day more and more that tin iialiiina! justice did not bi'ar heavily upon them. Hut when I relleet H|K>n the considerations which seemed to jiislity the making a great example, such as the necessity of binding Ihe ciuiso of the new monari by to that of the revoliilion, by a decisive net of relribtilion, lo strike terror into all who might niteiiipl lo trend in the footslips of a li'liiiiinus cabinet, mill lo prove to Knro|H'llint nii impnss able abyss separated the revolution from the new order of tilings; when, above nil, I remember Ihe disposition of p,'op|i''s minds, and Ihe violent excliinatioiis which e;illril lor (lie pimisliiiient of those signal eriminnls, and rtlien I see lliiil Ihe axe of the cxeeutioiier has agnin tullen upon Ihe necks of the people, as soon as it ceased lo Ih' siispeniled over Ihosr of their most implacabU' ene. lilies; then I eiinnol forbear saying, thai in those most Iryiiig cireiiiiislanei s, l.iiliiyelle gratuitously staked his inmnnso iMipularity tor Hie sake of griitil'ving an I'xalled feeling ol generosily and Iminanitv. .M. de I'olignue had set a price upon the heiiil of Lalayelte; Iinliiyelte re. siiheil III save the head of ,M. de I'olii;iiae : history will perlrap.> (led ire, IhnI this eonibiel showed the man — Ihe \irliiiiiis man, no doubt ; but has not \ irine also ils pride ' However that liny be, all I'airoix' had its eyes fixed U|i' ^t il*' Mnnilniiler, III III* Mpinitiii III iilhei r<'fi|irrts \('i\ |iniiiiil nnil ini'intt, innrrriiiiig (hr (Irnt tr Miliiiioiinry miotmrnis. ivlinli wfri* only known lo ilic aiiihoi ilii n III ?' nritiii ni ii iln' rMri'nttiy nl' Aiorrirne. ihrniish ihe In h-riiiiril I nn'>|Niiiili nrc ot ilit< nriiiiM rnln ol rnrisi rthlhiin ihf $r liel'il:. .ilivli'ly uhlrll nlwiiyii rlisrrii'lirueil Ihe rnllllllil III 1,11 l.n- ii> , I \- II ti.« Hills ln» eni'inn-s M. ili' llnntln»it i o-lniis ilini SI ti)> It niiinnlioii I'l n \rry sifriiiy pmiIhb el ilie ('••nvUliirni A* 1.1 iiililv, 11 mil I nil lit \\ I If li ilii' ( tin thtni liml \ tttlnnix ntini IomI I.ji iMlrllr, he, M, .Mtilllloitit t, IVi.s Nlllli k Wllh I' f )it rllllHrllv H llh It iiM II »-iiiiir until II it utiiirilM ki pi ItiMru inn li in, niiil lis\tiiK Hsktii the ri'ie-eii I'l nil • thci r who ii|>iH'iirtil in iitltii» inni m n iiHri- |ini lit iiliir inniiiirr, he li'iirm il, u lili iiinMiiiti'. Ihrt en nil sliiiilnrtri'i .tlttti*. I.nniyi*lle nrih'Mil ihe imilt'iml iniMtits le wnlfh itttt'lly, lli.v the ilt'iinl'esiii'lhe I it'i f/riiii ill (tin lint i-t|>«-ili>i,re any tnnultuu llii |inrl "i Ihe (siip'i , h litfc Irilioiion thi y liuil i\i lUil. iSvas Ihos that taer, fend Is tr urge licl's, Immi imiiu )tcst( fiyi blani new manil yicwi >.'■; Iti loi Bee belbre from panel Lafay him llave bleiitz them 1 TIk Vthc i iiousai onal t tilizeii: ^ebl of to the masses, lairs till Odilon fiat the •f the I folicit, I femaiiis ka.stenei Hen, .^ittee LAFAYETTE AND LOUIS PIIILIl'I'E 23 tlie Ktnrii), and to prociirr should be rcspccti'd. lit I' wliich lii.i vant coiimiaiul tain [lublic tranquillity ; to [d niinistiTH, and the mdr. •liich had reconciled iL«tlr ends. tic, in his cflbrfs to main, icted upon the iiriMciple i,i' nioveineiils, ol prcvrntin;; •rsnadinfj rather than eo. iintly to stem the torrent nf ad tlie vis inertia of j;real ; niurdernns charges and n general appeared to him igerous seeds of hatred and As he has hiniselt" Kaiil. st was, to excite the aiii. i against the imilbrnis i>; cration ull-powerlid in lii- lever prevented him I'rnin sctution of his duty, how. litic end paternal, was a|. Itc. I have frequently hmi myself that the benevoleni every party, procured him took measures that gem onnnunications whicli the This system of tirnmi k« nes the rule by which lip on looking over the jour. nst difficult [leriods ol out lined to him, in order li lational gu;ird and tin' pro the midst of a tinnullMuM le th<^ victims, and himsil: hiinils of justice.* 1 the insolence to tax lln akness and with suecumli e imputation has not Leu iipcrfiiial minds, who prr o ohs( rving and reltectiii;' ssary, it niiglil here be tin I'ust of all (luring his com obtain popularity by ill slurbances that ncccssarib the reviihilioii nf .Inly, In •s occasioned by the rear )f the mill of Sliirch, am! hdlicr any parallel e\i«l- \rv. anil disastrous eonsr >lli( r. I ilo not yet speiik as just filled the sircil.s i>' of mourning will find ii refi'ived fcir lliem. ti (I !lie present niinisleri' I'f Lyons ; in llie carK III' popular agilaliun wui f >rnii>lable assc niblagr- nliiiticins, l.aiayelle am. if the n volution ami tin ng those tuninltuonH di Irinncss from that whicli tifle milieu. There, also, , those men still eoverfri s, demanded, with lone rrs the deniolitinn of nin eonsiilcrcd injurious I' le Kindly informi'd win I' first magistrate of tin ndcrcd, in any of thes. ■e ami political ei'onomv ■r tlie trial of the minis ri "int, some nrchiit pn that a nnmcrons usscin imphal arch of the Tin the Troradrro. Wliii' J Mntiijnplrr, in liifl Mpiiioim |»ftrt, (nnrrrning Itir first e f>nly known lo tin- aiii|ir» AiMrriin*'. itimitiiti ihr In InlK nt I'mmi ■itilliiK Ihr nr liiriM'ii Ihr rKioltiii lit l.a ll ill MiMiilo'ii I ii'lnirii ilim Innii nl ilic t'lnfitliii'ni M |r IiihI I iiilrniU mini IhhI I.n uiili r I' |M ritiiHrilv Hll^ |\ IIIU h III, lillll llN\lll| RRllilf I iiiltii\^ liiin la n inirc pRi lull Mini nil Mllnlniilnnrri liiuiln III nal«h ■irn'll)', Ui>' I «|iiili'ir "U'l- Inn or by I'.irc •, the mo t •■torm\ ^avsion". Trop popiihirily," a" I.ifiyelle h;i.i said, " docs iml ■iy:\ in d'liiii; whatever pleases the luiiMihide, Iml in lie success Willi which you call |H'rsilMde Iheni that lliev ijlil not do what is wrong, or in the (inmicBs willi i^liiili, when reipilsile, you cm prevent them from doing > wilhout losing (heir aUrcliou." My siieli murks true popnlarily is known; not thai |fhirh has ju«t dn nclicd the stnelH of I.yon", tirenobli', III I'liris willi lilisid ; which marches only with the Ifli' d match and the biyoiiel \ wlinh seallerK on all liilr ' liilrcd and i.'vriiK<', fill* Ihn niiinliv Willi i-niifpi. racics and plots, and diviilca France into five or six arm ed factions, in order to live suspended amidst their divi sions. This popularity does not bc'...ng cither to La- faycttc or his friends ; theirs is that whose moral power has sulliced during eight months of political storms and conyiilsions, to settle an empire shaken even to its li)un- dations; to defend French society against the greatest dangers thtit have ever threatened it ; to reserve for the operation of a doubtful law and a suspicious tribunal, the greatest criniinals that have called down upon their heads the vengeance of the jieople, and save, in spite of itself, a monarchy which was hastening to its ruin ; and all this, as M. liaHittc has observed, without causing a sin- gle individual to put on mourning. Such is, however, the popularity whiel; the ilnclrinaires accuse of incapacity lor government, liut the waves lliictuate, and ministries likewise : let us have patience. To return to the trial of the ministers. On the break- ing out of the first troubles in Paris aller the events of July, Iiafayelte, admirably secondeil by the two prefects of the Seine ami the police, and more iiiHnciliately by the chief of his staff, had made arrangements by which tif- teeu thousand men of the national guard might at any time be assembled in arms at designated points, the in- tervening spaces being constantly occupied by troops of Ills line, equally well distributed by the judicious care of ticneral Fabvier. These nieasiircs to ensure public safety, did not np- [lear to Lafayette sniliciciit to arrest the torrent wliich threatened to overflow the capital from all quarters. In fact, there were no longer partial assemblages to Ih' over- come, hut ail insurrection, the more formidable as its ranks were swi lied by thedi.seontciited of all parties, and even by n great number of excellent citizens, who, strangern to every faction, only conceiveil themselves to bi! moved by a laudable feeling of indignation against the impunity ))roiniscd lo the ministers of Charles X. All men, in short, coiiseicntious or not, joined in the same cry of" Dcatli and Revenge!" The Luxembourg, the Pulais-Royal, the prisons, the public cstablishmcnt.s, and jirivatc pro|K'rly, might U; anil in fact were, equally threatened. 'J'he prudence and the activity of the general in chief wore pro|iorlioncd lo the niiiltitnde and the imminence of the dangers against which he alone had to contend. His first care was to arrange and establish constant eomniunicalions w i(h the I'residenI and the Craiid Relirendary of the ChamlKT of Peers, the minislers of war and of the inlerinr, the pie- li'Ctsof the department and of police, (lencrals Pujol and Fabvier, and the chiefs of the legions of the national guard. .•Mler .securing the co-operation nf all the cili/.en mili- tia, and combiiiing their inovi nients with those of the troops of the line i iiller providing for all eonlingeniies, anil dividing the general command of I'aris into four priiii'i|ial sections, entnislcd to the inspeelnr geniral and lllll ■!■ major generals of ihe iiutioiial giciril : nflcr parlien- larlv provi(lliii.r lor llir salily of the I'ahis.Uoviil, and uf ihe'llotel-dcNille, Lafayette Inrneil all his solii'ilude to. wards the Liixenibourg,again. I'onfnleiii'C was sinici.iful ; ihc olqcetsnl so much Imlred and iiieinici' tra\ersed at iiooii, and willioiit lenirMei a sinirle inmlMln' mo.ms, who, noteonlent with the protietion given to them by a genr- roiis people, and by the rights of a liberty making no execplions (Ihe only true liberlyl, would wish, as in the first Revolution, and at the risk of being themselves it.i victims, lo bring hack a third Restoration by dis • !er, anJ, under a hypoerilieal mask, to siibstitule licentious, ncss in lieu of liberty, to which it is a mortal enemy, to pollute, by anarchy and murder, our spotless revoluiion, 10 eneomage our externni cneniics, to dispel Ihe adinira- lion of the world, and thus to destroy the ctreets of Iho example we have given it ; the general in chief has never had any thing in eommoii willi them. " Still less does he address hiiiisilf to those men linbi- liiated lo crime, ardent liir pillai;c, who may regret that liic rapidity iiiiil the purity of the victory did not Icavn them time lo execute their w ickcd purposes. JMost ccr- lainly, under whatever pielexl they disguise IhemselvcH, Ihey will not mislead a virlnons, laborious, intelligent, people, who, even in the licil of comb, it, have testified till ir horror of such excesses and such nun. Ihit if, among that populiilion itself, there should bn lonnd xvell.inlcniioncd although niislid cili/.ens, who might think llicy were .mrving justice by commitling against her the griatest of crimes, that of nniiaeing the judge, or taking, as il is said, justice into their own hands; who think Ihey em sitvc liberiy, which is so- vcrciirn justice, by employing means « liii h thai liberiy repriiliites ; who, in short, on account of partial diseoti- 11 Ills, would desire lo destroy their own work, nf Ihe risk of whatever might hapin'ii ; I will remind them tlirt it was thus, at a former period, Ihc French people fell suec(ssi\ely info the horrors of an annrchieal and sail, giiinaiy lyranny, whence proceedid lianKriipley, liiminr, and llie iiitiruimm; then, llirough ik cotiric of dcspoljsm, lo Ihe shame of a Restoration imposed upon us by for- eiglliT'^. " The eoiifldcncp, however, of the general ill rhief in Ihc Piivisian |M'opli', in the brave and generous conqiicr- ors of .Inly, in thai energelic yoiilli of wliom lie glorii n in bring Ihc cmislanl friend, in his dear fillow suldiers of the national guard, has iiol been fiu one instant sha- ken : ihii* Ihey will always find him wln't hu was nt uini li'cn ye ir» of age, whit he ws- in 17'-'.l and l^HII, and H hit l,e v ill conlinur to be durimr the few vol j lie may yet linvc (o live ; ihc iiiaii ol lllerty and public order, hoiiig hit popuUiilv mm h luoie linn Iili', but dctcrniinid to saerifice liolh, rnther tli,-ii tail in any duty, or perniil a crime, and deeply pcrnnided Ihal no I ml lulilies the mi alls which public or private nioiulity disowns. " lie llioiighl lit out Imrricades, tinil the present go. vcrmneiit, linmdcd U|Hin the sovi n ienly of the people, h.iviiig lit ils head Louis Philippe (he First, was the best nrninuemeiil which, iindrr the circmii'laiiees of France and of I'lirope, we could iiilopl. lie Ihiiiks so still ; and dell nils the governmenl, not only liecause he has pnv mlsed lo do so, bill also iM'oanse he has not < hanged his mind. .\» III Ihe other conibitiuliuiis of our iHilllical 24 LAFAYBTTTE AND LOUIS PinUPPE. I'xiiitenci', as to the sccondnry measures of aiiiiiiiiistra tioii, it is in the tribune, it is any where except in an order of the day, that lie ouglit to state liis opinion. A popular throne siirrouitdtd hi/ ripuhlicun iitslilultnns ; sucli was the projrrainnic adopted at tlie Ilolel-de-Ville, by a jMitriot of \'i&.t, heeonie a citizen king, 'i'lie peo. pie, as well as the king, will show themselves faithful to that contract. " The general in chief, quite certain of being sup- ported by his patriotic fellow citizens, some of them his fellow soldiers, all nf them, he ventures lo say, his friends, in his devotion to the principles of liberty and public order, which ho will never abandon, even should he fnid himself alone, noiv depends upon their co-o))cration for tlic strict and faithful execution of all their duties. " IjAF.vyr.rrE.' This hmgu.Tge raised up against the general in chief all the parties whose ex|H'ctations it thwarted, or who; passions it irritated. These ditferent parties did not tliink themselves beaten; and horrible ciies for ven- geance and death were a prelude to the scenes which were to accompany those memorable debates. I'aris was in a state ot' consternation, as il' on the eve ol' one of tliosc inevitable catastrophes of which it is imiKjssiblc for mortals to calculate tlie results. In the eyes of the people, it seemed possible for the Hepublie, the lOnipire, the Rcitnratiun, the Convention, Napolion the Sicond, Henry V., Charles X., any thing except the establi.shment of the throne of Louis Hhilijipe, lo arise from this chaos. It was in the midst of this general panic that the trial commenced. The peers themselves were struck with terror; and it was only after long endeavours, and the reiterated assurance given by Latayette that he would answer lor their inviolability with his own head, that our conscript lathers commenced those debates in which their dearest atfeetions were in (lucbtion. Latayette had composed the garrison of the Luxem- bourg of national guards and troops of the line, between whom he had done all in his power to est.iblish the most pcrlect harmony. Numerous battalious of the Parisian guard delended all the approaches of the pal.ice; others were on duty at the Louvre, the I'alais-Uoyal, and the Chamber ol' Deputies, or were stalioned at iheditUrenl points of the capit.d at which popular assemblages might form themselves with the giealt st facility ; the legions belonging to the district of I'atis occupied, as corps of rc'erve, the exterior lloulevards ; and were connected by |K)sIs, at short intervals, with the armed force esiwcially chariicd to cover the Luvembourg. In fine, numberless patnles were marching in i very 'il only knows what storms might have fillen n|Hin I'l.i im 1 Latiiyelte, who, I'lmii tin' comnieni I'mi til of the trial, had est:ibli~hed his In ad-ipiarlcrs at the LiKeniboiirg, did not he,«itale, aeecudmg to his custom, lo leave the pro. tecting ranks of the national guards and throw hiniw If iiito the midst of the in.siirgent crowds ; he would not permit anr one to follow him, except some of his aidc. They no longer consist- ed of those honest working men, with sinewy arms, co- vered with iliisl, and blaekrned w Itli gmijiowiii r, fiphtini! for Uie liberty of tin ir i-oiinlry, hut a crowd of thieves, convicted ciiininalF, abmuloncd characters, mid agents of the police, who are constantly at the service of whomso- ever will pay them, whose ignoble I'eaturcs and ragged appearance contrasted at every step with the aristocratic manner and elegant attire ot the agents who directed their motions, amongst whom were to be observed seve- ral clergymen in disguise. Nevertheless, Lafajette threw himself into the midst of this lawless mob, from whom, however, he received no insult, and who stopix-'d at once at the voice of the very man wli6 had been held up to all their hatred, and who, they were told, wanted to save the lives of the enemies and nuirderers of the people. 'I'his step, bold even to temerity, saved the Luxem- bourg. The mob, however, returning to its tirst im- pulse, soon recoinmeneed the attack ; but the national guard op|H)6cd their elVoris and their cries for " death 1" with so much patience and admirable courage, that the ('oiirt of Peels were enabled from Ihat moment to con- tinue their discussions in full security : the furious cries tor the death of the ministers, no longer reached them ; and the sentence was pronounced witliout a single drop of blood being shed, or even a single shop pillaged. It was u|Mm this day of dilllculty that Latayette pub- lished the tijUowing order of the day : ORDF.It OF TUK DAY OK THE 'JlsT OF UECEMnEIl. " The general in chief cannot lind terms ailequate to his teelings, to express to his tellow soldiers of the ini- tioiial guuril and of the line, his admiration and grati- tude t'or the zeal, firmness, and devotion, which they manilested during the dilllcult events of yesterday. He knew well that his eonHdencu in their patriotism would be justified on every occasion ; but hi: regrets extremely the fi.tigiie and inconvenience to which they are expos- ed : he wishes it was in his [Mjwer to obviate them : hut he is only at libcfty to partake them. We all equally t'l el the necessity ot det'ending the cajiital against iiia- levolence and anarchy, of protecting the jK'rsons and properly of t'amilies, of preveiiling our revohition from l)eiii',' tariii.-hcd by crime, and our honour t'rom being eompromised. We are all bound, as one man, to cxe. cute those sacred duties ; and in the midst of the sor- row which 111"' limuilts of yesterday have caused him, and those whirh are threatened to-day, the general in chief experienees much consolation, and a pert'ect si'Cii- rity, in the senliinents which he ent.'rtains lor his dear and brave comrades in the del'encc ol' liberty and public ordir. " I.AFAVr.TTE." The tumiills of the day before were iiideid renewed on the :2ll of Miceniber; but anarchy, still powerless, exhatislcd ilsilf ill vain ctVorls ; the law was triumph- ant. However, the P.ilais-Uoyal, which was still threatened by great danger, th'iun;)|| |ii io stimulate anew the zeal of its del'enders. The king addressed a letter to the general in eliiel", which Ihi' Idler comrniinicated to the national guard in the I'ollow log order of tin' day : — OIlDEIl OK IIIE DAV OK 1111; 'i'-lu OK UEIEMIIEB. " r.very order of the day, at this crisis, can only re- peat the thanks of the geiier.il in chief lo his dear fellow widiirs; bieaiise evuy day gives them new claims to his public and personal graliliitc. Their conduet under present eireuinslaiices will be useful lo the gene- ral cause of liberty and public oriler. It v\ ill show uh.'il those iiisliliillons are which are fnimibd upon all enlarged and eonipii le eonlidenec hi I'Veiic li rights anil liehiigs; il marks mil oiii iliilies, whieli we will all liil- til; and the revohition of ,luly, which reeals lo the gerii'riil in chief so niMiiy leeolli elioiis t'^loiious liir his dear comradi'H, so many nun ks of their alii elioii and eonlidenee towards lijiii, tiiriiiing iimoii!.'sl us all, men of .Inly, nil indissoluble bond, shall remain great and gene- rolls. " The gincrnl in chief would wi-li to particularise all his nbliratinns, hut w hat can he do iiinie satisl'nelorv to the naliimal guard than lo pnlili.h without delay this lettfr which lie lni« just received : Tht Kiv/f's LeIIrr lo /^fai/itif. " 'Tiicsilny Aloininii, 'J^M nirnnbrt " ' It is lo you, my dear general, that I address my- self, in order to Iriiusinil to mir lirive and indelliticabli' natiniial guard, the i xpn ssion of my ndniiration for the '/eal mill energy which tin y lia\e shown in maintaining public |s 'lee and preventing all ihsoider. " ' hut lo you, likiwise, my dear general, I must n • turn Ihiinks, who have again given ih, on those dllli- eiUl days, an eKiiniple of coura|;e, patriotism, nnd ri • sjMel Ilir the laws, wliiih you liavi' so ollcii liiaiufested dining your li ng nnd noble euiru'. " ' Express, in my name, how much pleasure I expe ricnced in seeing the revival of that fine institution of the national guard of which \vc had been almost entirely deprived, and which rose again in all its vigour and pa- triotism, finer and more iiiunerous than ever, as soon aa the glorious days of July had broken those shackles by which they had hoped lo nullify it. It is this great in- stitution Uiat ensures amongst us the triumph of the sacred cause of liberty, as well by causing our na- tional independence to be respected abroad, as by pre- serving the authority of the laws from any attack n, home. Let us not forget that there is no liberty without law, and that there is no law where any power succeeds in paralysing its action and setting itself above it. " ' Such are, my dear general, the sentiments which I beg you to express on my part to the national guard. I rely upon the ronlinuation of their efforts and yours, in order that notliing may disturb that public tranquillity of which Paris aiv! I' ranee have so nmcli need, anil wliii'h it is so essential to maintain. " ' Accept at the same time, my dear general, the as- surance of the sincere friendship which you know I en- tertain for you. " ' LoL'13 PiiiuprE.' " However, almost the whole of the inhabitants of Paris, and of that same citizen guard which liad so cou- rageously protected the lives of the nihiistcrs from the summary justice of the people, positively expected that the high court would pronounce upon them sentence of death. On the other hand, the enemies of the new order of things, who were acquainted with this disposition ot' the public mind, and who wished a violent reaction to take place, had, some hours before the pronouncing of the sentence, spread the [K'rlidious report that the pccia had sentenced the ministers to capita! punishment. This intelUgence, intentionally scattered through every part of Paris, was received with genuine ciitlmsiaBm ; even those who had expressed the greatest horror at any attempt against the lives of the ministers, or the inde IK'udcnec of their judges, assented to the terrible verdict which they believed had been pronounced ; but great was the disappointment and indignation of all these men when they heard that the punishment of death had been evaded, and that perpetual imprisonment, if there could lie any thing perpetual in polities, was the only punishment reserved tor the men who, during three loiii! days, had deluged the streets of Paris with blood. When this sentence was made known, a violent agita- lion broke out among the battalions of the national iliiard on duty in the court-yard of the Iiuxcnibour}!, .111(1 lliey loudly demanded to be immediately relieved. These honest citizens had 'Endured every kind of futig'.ic and privation, they had braved every menace, and used every elVort, to prevent the ministers from being assassi- nated ill their prison, and to secure to them all the guarantees of a regular trial ; but they had not conceiv- ed il possible that the aulhursof so many massacres nnd calamitii s could escape the punishment whieh the law of the eoiuilry irreniissilily infiicts upon less guilty criminals. This explosion of discontent, extremely scrioua, on account of the social |)osilion of the men amcmgst whom it was iiianilt'sted, might spread to a distance, nnd occa- sion incalculable evils. Liiliiyelte, who was still at tlii' Liueiiibiiiirg, pioei (lied with all haste to his cumradea. and addressed them with feeling and persuasion; ami so strong was lliealVieliim whieh boiiiid the national guanl III its old general, lhat at his voice, the anger of tliosi brave eiti/enti was appe.'ised, as if by cnchantmi lit. .Meanwhiii , it had been necessary to reconduct t.i Viini lines Ilie prisoners, w hose si ntenee, severe as II was, produced mi Ihe pulilii niiiid the (ll'tct of an nliso lute bill of iiiili'iiiiilty. The govi riimenl hail pru|Hised to riniove lliein secretly, in the night which precedril that III) whii'li the senli nee was proiiouni ed.* Lul'avelti' was not of this opinion : he wished that the niimstcm should be liikin back lo Viiuenui • in the same iiiamier IIS they had been brought to the Luxembourg, namely, in Ihe day-time, and that tlieir removal should not tuki' place until idler the senleinc, whatever it might be. However, the jurispriidenee of the Court of I'een not ri'ipiiring that the aei used should be present whin Ihe SI nil nee was pronoiinecd, Lafayette t tVeclcd llini lemoval immcillately alVr the lermmatiun of the dc hales. For this purpose, he had nrrnngrd beforehand willi the pri siili III, thill the neciiscd should be carried bai li to tliiil part III' the palace which served ns their prison, as soon as the legal liirins periiiilteil ; nnd with tin * Il Hat priiiiiiunced RI iKlf piist isn in the rveninf Iniiiii to Vi «s po Vas Gene Inloll maiii II the Lux the il all iu fov dncci Was SI Chi tciice tion. the ai their I falli than ' Wh nouiic be I aiuu I LAFAYEFTE AND LOMS PIIIMPPE. 25 w much pleasure I expo )t' tlmt fine institution of : had been almost entirely 1 in all its vigour and pu. ous than ever, as soon aa broken those sliacklcs by y it. It is this great in- t us tlic triumph of the ;cll by causing our na- iccted abroud, as by pre- laws from ony attaek a, here is no liberty without here any power succeeds ting itself above it. il, the sentiments which rt to the national guard. their efforts mid yours, hi > that public tranquillity ave so much need, and itain. my dear general, the as- lip which you know I en- " ' Loi'is PiiiLiprE.' " Ic of the inhabitants of guard which had so cou- f the ministers from tim , i)ositively expected thai e upon them sentence of enemies of the new order d with this disposition of lied a violent reaction tn ;fore the pronouncing of ious report that the peers capita! punishment. Ily scattered through every ith genuine enthusiasm; the greatest horror at any e ministers, or the indi' ited to the terrible verdiit n pronounced ; but great indignation of all tliCKu punishment of death hail ul imprisonment, if there in polities, was the only men who, during three ets of Paris with blood. '■ known, a violent agilii- attulions of the national ard of the Luxembourg!, be immediately nlieved, reel every kind of fatigue every menace, and used isters from l)eing assassl- !-eeure to them all the )ut they had not eonceiv- 'ho many massacres nnd ishment which the law illicts upon less guilty Lt, extrrmely serious, nii 'the men amongst whom [l to a dli— filil'inu'efllli' -J till of l)ei-niilii-i — t.ilfnyi'ni' uivi-s in Ills icsmMainin— tii|iiilplislicd li'in r of l.:iiii>iin' M iln' kini:— 'I'll,' kliiu's answiT— Siiiiiulai exriisi-— Inn rxii'W liriwci-ti t.airi> ■ eili'llnd llii' kiiia— 'I'lnlr c'\|ilMn:illnii- nil Ilie sy^li in iif acivi'iii iin III— L:ifaM'lli- pi r.-isis in iriidtTiri:: his risiniialiuii— Aiinilu'i liii;iiililislii'il li'lli'r fr Lafayille In the kiiiif. 'I'lic sentence which condeumed the miiiistersofCharles X. to perpetual iniprisonmeiit, w.is delivered on the rJIst uf Uccember, at half past ten at nitrlit. The exas- peraliun of tlie enemies of the royalty called citi/cii, was at its height; other disorders, equally serious with those of the three preieiling days, broke out uii the ;.''Jd ; and, upon this occasion, all the attacks of the discontenti'd were directed against the Paliiis.Ruyal, where conster nation and terror prevailed; but these new etVorts of powerless rajre were again broken by the iiiishaken lirm- iiess of Lafayette, the ilevotedness of the national guard, and the cordial and decided co-operation of the youth of tlie public schools. On the t!I)d, order was completely restored ; and, as I have said just before, nothing now seemed to oppose the development ot the machinal ions which the suspicions jealousy of the court, the intrigninir ambition of tin- due. Iriniiiris, and the interested malevolence of the foreign liiploinalists, had cuiitrived against Lafayette. This conspiracy of the niusly remains of every gone- hy regime, against the purest an iiiusi ptinriial, liii' iinist Iti^al. iiiiil ilii iiei-t ^lln, tlii> di'liistnii i>( l.iil'.ui'ite will ri|ief,'llir'i' nf lliw palai e tlli'll nl)l\' Himiiltll liv llie llli'll nf .tlilv, In wh.isi' tldi'lliy III'' iini"! Inin'Mir.ilil'' )in»i« wrrn fur n Inim iliin'' en irii-'i'd: *lit' iili'TU nil I r 's|H'i ifiil taiiiilinrt y v\tiirti |>rr\uili'd in llllll II W lis I'X. Ill Itir I'lillid . llllll nnniriiw I; lilt' nil. rl\ nil I III!' iipiirliiii'iiis-. r. MIS' it I'vt'ii inn Aiiii'ihiiiis nrllv llie siilii" us nl llin ri'sldi'liri' of til" l*r''sldi'i Hi-iti'.. W'liiii a illiti rrni'i' li iwci'ii Iti ii rmilldinr "lid ilin dislriisi tiiiit III .Hull t ride wlileli iiinv stirrosili.in il then inade lor In'slowing on that great p;ilriol the iinininal tide of liow'i'itii rnmmiindri was the risnlt of dcliberad' relli e- tion, It can bo viewed only ai u downright insult.' 'I'hat sitting of the mth of Decemlicr will tie reniem- bered, in which the government and the Chainber pre- sented to the worhl the e.\am|ile of the blackest ingiali- tilde towards a man, who, a few hours earlier, had riskeil fifty years of popularity to save them froth. Never had then' been n more scandalous exhibition in the n.ational tribune. 'J'he ."lOtli article of the j)rojel of the govern- ment ran thus: " In the communes, or cafitons, in which Ihe national guard shall form several legions, the king may appoint a. su|icrior officer; but there can be no ap- poiiitiiient of a sujierior officer of the national guards ol a whole department, nor even of a circuit of au under preli'Ct." 'i'hat clause virtually invoI»-ed tlie dismissal of La- fayette. It was :n viiiii that five amendments were pro- [Kiscd to sollcn the hideonsncss ol such conduct. 'J'liose amendments, jiresented by .AIAL de Vaueelles, Jnlcs de Larocheloncauld, Eusebe Salvertc, and IMet do la Lo- 7.ere, and all having for their object the cx<:eptional con- tinuance of Lafayette in the command of the national guards of the kingdom, were successively rejected, aller being opposed by .M.Charles Dnpin, who ended a long speech with these remarkable words : "(Jeiieral L.ifaycltc cannot he nil his lifelinic a livinsr law, unless political law be dead." 'I'hcse words summed up the thoughts of the Court. As for the ministry, humiliated, ns I would fain be- lieve, at the part it was playing on that occasion, it en- deavoured to palliate its shame by iitoposing that the hnnmiinj command of the national guards slioiild he be. stowed by a fresh ordinance, on the founder of the citi- zen niililia.* The Chamber declared simply that the ollice of coininander in chief was abolished, or, in other words, that Lafavette was dismissed. This deliberation took place in the evening of the 2 1th of Dceeinher, in the absence of the general in chief, who had been detained at his head quarters on account of the public peace beiiii, again threatened. I do not know that this unavoidable ah cn<:e had entered into the calculations of his adversaries ; but il is certain, that the press and the honest men of all p.irtics, saw in this eagerness of the Chainber to deciile' that important question, without the participation of the parly most interested in it, an iinbe- eoiniiig want of res|K'c(, which excited, in the highest degree, the public indignation. The next morning, Lafayette wrote to Louis riiilipix' Ihe llillowing letter, which a feeling of delicacy towards Ihe king, whose ministers had just coiicurr<'d in his dis- missal, would not allow him to publish at the timet triotic solicitude of your majcsly, will supply its place; and, for cxamjile, it u ill be important to dis|)el by ordi. nances which the law has left at your discretion, the un. easiness which has lieen produced by the parcelling out of Ihe rural battalions, and the apprchcu.sion of seeing confined to the frontier towns and tliose of the coast, that very useful institution, the citizen artillery. " 'I'he president of the council has Ihcii so good as to propose to bestow on me the title of honorary coinnian. der ; he will, liiinself, lie sensible, and your majesty will conceive, that those nominal decorations are suitcctfiilly and gratefully, into the hands of your majesty, the sole ordinance which invests me with authority over the national guards, I have taken measures to prevent the service I'rom suffering by it. (icncral Dumas will take the orders of the minister uf the interior; GeneraK'arbonncl will regulate the service of the capital, niilil it shall plea.se Your Majesty to ap- point nnother in his place, which lie requests may \x done. " I beg your majesty to accept the cordial tribute of my attachment and respect. " (Signed) Laf.vvette." Who will believe it? On the 25th, at noon, Louis riii- lijipe was yet ignorant of the debates that had takeit place the evening before, in the Chamber of Deputies, u|)on a question which, for two months, had wlielly occupied the Court and tiic Town, lie that as it might, here follows the king's answer : — " I have this instant received, my dear general, yonr letter, which has grieved ns much as surprised me by the decision yon have taken; J hiive not yrt had time lo read the jouriiaU. The council of ministers meet at one o'clock ; I shall then be at liberty ; that ii> to say, between four and five, «7id;i I ho|>e to see you, and to persuade you to retract your detcrminalinn. " Accept, my dear general, &e. " Louis PniLiprB." • ItwuMiiii l(iej|||iiiri)ri iiih..! ili.li ili|.i|>|iinil I'nrri' wn4|ilnviil in IIh! Clinitil'fr n( (lepiitii ^ Siinip ilinfld.'liirc.llie liriitf».i l)M|t'<>iit lie I'Eurc had rcmilviil tuqivi! iii Ills realgiiiillun, iin ncniiuil of tin " ,'ii.' Ills li lirrini'lll. (Ijiloa (I. noil liail II I'M I'll \ ail. il Mil I'l iliiilii'niiiiii', as Mill ill hi- i|iiiilii,v III' ml nisiiT (iT (iihlire a^ ill Inn iiriviilc rci|iai'ily ; with ilie resrr\ alien iliat ("lib wniilil ntit'' II ilii' jiiiwer i reaieil in July idt^I'iimI in lis M'liuvr.iile .s\.^i. HI. 'riitc ex|iUinuUiii) wii* iierciiHiiry l;i onl. r I" ah xilvr ttinse Iwii |ia|ii.its I'm till .Illy |inrliri|ialintl ill ttial lliali'Mi'riiri' nr Hialiiiii's (itH 111. h l.nl'ayiili'H.ij llie iiliji'd on Ilia' nii'iiiiir ihh' niTithlen. * Till- telat wniit III' ri'lli'i lien riinlil nliiiic divesl Piia |>rii|il hi Ihe iiiiiln-li^i- firvn-rti'lhiit t.iiruyetti' (llli( Jil ri'liMeii'il, II' Il were r inilihrcil Ihal nn inillly lllh', heslnneil liy nil ' iiliii iiiri . w:i^ all llie lewaril II il fcniil f In nritir in iii'iirninir III" \.iliie u nil II Ihal niilinance \MinIil liavi- In llie eves >a I.ti I'ayi'lle, It 11111.1) he rnniimrril H ilh the urilinnnre nl' llir 'j:lil nl" .^||. Ullil, whh'i Iniil inve^Ietl liini vvilli llie rnienininl ill ellii r. It ran tlini.:— " 111 il.ul.iyi'iii'i Is ('iitrnat'il Willi every iliiiiR rehiiln! Ill Ihe ili.itiihiitliiii III' the niitliinnl uiiiirils in the utilnn^ ill riiiirniniii^ ultll the terrenrilll illviMnli; In the lliiiri|tl)lie, tn llnviiixtnirllrin, tii tile nmiertii iiiir nl' till eit(Man'i'K III' iirniinu anil ei|nip|)lnK the nn- tinniii uni .* ; ni (de ckiTiitinii mill trnn-iniftKJnii ol ilni nndns \^ hii'h F-li.iii he iiiven liiin." 'I'di' ihiril iirtii-le e.\|ireiiN)'il lliai "'I'lie > iiiniihr In ililei' will tr.i.i>iiiil In llie nnniHii r nt ide inn rinr wlniieviT niiterii (n sliiill liiiii' uoi ii : iiiiil, nn the nilii-r Iniiiil, the lllitli^|e|- nC the ill rum will Itllnmi tlli' rnnitntlllid'f ill clllul' (if the ineilpinriii he nhilll lltive tllkell, Air." ) I'niiiliii'tlnu. nl Hint time, n imlitlcnl | nirniil, ilic niitdnr ef llll^ wnrk tih.diiincit. lit the rdinent el'tj. ihtkI i.iiiioi'ttp, t'nnii ihiIiIihIi- iiii! Ills inrri'<|Kinileiirr, wdii h Ihi nninie ni dii duly at llic lir.id i|iiiirt(i;i daai|ue body, behveen Ihe people nnd the excctivi'. When I am re- niiived from Ihe govirmneut, every one will know Ix'tter how Ihe mntler Nlnnds." The question being pineed upon this ground, the king strove' eunie''lly to eiimbat whut he eaUed Ihe prejudices of Laliiyette. Iliil neither his inunifestatlons of nn iin- bouiiiled friendship, nor his reiterated olU r lo revoke the (/('/i/iiiY(We clause, could blind the gencrnl lo the real state of things ; and tin y had no olln r elUcI than to make him repeat III the last inomcnt of thai conversation; "Sire, yon oli'er me many |Mrsoiial eoiicessions, hut nothing liir the public weal; nnd il is that, and not myself, which it in question." 'I'lio king requested Iwcniy-lbur houru to conkidrr the m LAFAYETTE AND LOUIS PHILIPPE. 27 il Vi will supply ilH placf ; mrtaiit to disiK'l by ordi. it your discretion, the un- 3rd by the iiart'i'lling out ; npprchcuHion of seciii); and tliose of the coa&t, I'itizcn arlilliry, ;il has Imcii ho good as tu tic ol' lioiiorary comniaii- Ic, and your majesty will dt'CoratioiiH are siiiUiblr free country nor to my- ly and gratefully, into the ordinance which invests onal (juards, 1 have taken ice from sutVcrinj; by it. Drdrrs of the minister of 1 will regulate the service ise Your Majesty to ap. lieli lie requests nuy be pt the cordial tribute ol' ) Lafayette." iJ5th, at noon, Louis Phi. )ates that had taken place iber of Deputies, u|K)n a , had wli'Mly occupied the as it niijrht, here loUows 1, my dear general, your uch aH surprised me by /itife not yet hati time to of ministers meet at one y ; that iii to say, between ec you, and to persuade an. fenrral, &c. " Louis Philippe." 's appointment, who re. irks of artcetion. I/ouis t what had taken place of Deputies, and uIkjvc ^rs hud unuitlingln taken ». " But," added the not yet becnnic law, .." — "Sire," said Lii- leagues, and the di.sniis- , as far ns in them luty of not liolding any ' I them, and the priiici- temporary utility, has, meil by myself. More- rosceiite by every means hereditiiry |)cera(je, it the part oi' the Cham. I winild place it in a a favourable amend- obli/jalioii to it. He- confess to your ma- tint (inly a duty, but if," said the kiiij;. — ysti^m of (rovernment me that public eoiili- lids; I cannot refer pinion, in the air |H'r. pie, and many patriots Ives that where I am iitlir. Now, I sei- that iilid I will deceive nn the measures of your isider conducive to il be a want of candour like an o|Mir not myaclf, wliieh i» liouru to comtidrr the Jqiicstions which had arisen between him and tlie com- mander in chief of the national guards. Lafayette as- Bcnted to that dcliiy, in the hope that it would \*: em- ^ployed in mature rcHectioii, and perhaps produce a return to better courses. Vain hope ! In that interval tlic presi- '■dent of the council, the niinialcr of the interior, and some of the principal oHicers of the national guard, came to repeat to liini the assurances of regard, and the oilers of reparation, which lie had received at the Palais-Royal ; but of the guarantees he iiad ciaimed for the disregarded principles of the revolution of July, not a word was said. Lafayette answered tliem as he had answered the king, ^ Every thing for liberty, nothing for myself." On the same occasion, the prime minister having de- buted a common friend to sound the intentions of Lafay- *ttc relative to tlic Ibrming of a new cabinet, the general replied that if certain patriots, whom he named, or any iothers of the same way of thinking, should come into power in place of the men who.se proceedings appeared to him eonlrary to the principles and the engagements 'of July, he should consider that chiuige as the precursor of a better future. He also wrote to that effect to JL Laliilte, who laid his letter before the council, which disiileascd several of its members in the highest de- gree. The pretended exactions of Lnfiiycttc went no further. To impose entire silence upon his own susceptibility ; to lay aside all self-love ; to consent to every insignificant reparation, such as the postponement of the execution of the article of the law which concerned himself; in short, to give way to every thing they desired, in the hope of obtaining under favour of that difliciilt eonjuueture, a better system of goveruincnt : such, and such only, what- ^cver may have been said of the matter, vsere the rxurtri- taut pretensions of the man who had consented to place ■ the crown upon the head of the new king. But since, ' whilst ovi'rwheliiiing him with praises and professions of attachinent, the disastrous system of a f/u«.M-Iicstoration was undeviiilingly persisted in, it became the duty of La- fayette to satisfy the adversaries of his inllueiiec, by di- vestin" himself of a command from which the Chamber and the government h.id dismissed him live times in a single silting, and to cease to serve as a cloak to the "anti-French combinations which his remaining at the head of the nalional guards might have hidden from the patriot.'. When, lliercfnrc, tlio required twonty-liiur hours had elapsed, without having brought any syiiip- toin of a eliango of system, lie wrote to the king ; — ' Siro, 'Sundav, 25th Dcceniber, 1830. "Your in.ajesty told mo yesterday that tim siib- .ject ot our conversation should ba eonclndod this day. J have seen .M.VI. LalKtlc and Monlalivct; they have K[)oken to mo of the amciulment which the president of ' the council intends to propose. But, sire, you know ■ well that it does not reniovK the objections which I Incik ' the liberty of suhiiiitliiig to you. I monlioneil lo i\l. de jMontalivet that 1 lix)ked upon myself as having given in my resignation, and 1 imagine ho will have issued liis orders in conseqiionee. However I think it my duty to repeat it lo the king, because, (Jennral Carhoti- nel and my son having lidloweil my liirluiie, as likewise the .Major (ieneral 'I'racy, it is necessary that orders should bu issued lor to-morrow's service. Itelieve me, sire, the duly which 1 eiiiisidor 1 am fiillilliiig, is ' more pninful to me than 1 can express; and now, mure -than ever, il Ih^Iiovcs mu lo join with the liibiile of my respflel, that of my prulimnd and unallerablu allaeh- nient. " Lakavitti;." cn.VPTKR XVIL It \n nnt iriio thni l.nt'njelte reliiiieil ihe roniiii.iiiil of the N.iiiniml iiiiiinl ol' l*ari^--l''ntM>lioihls nf ilie tuiiil ami 'lio unvciiiiiti'iii on tliat lii'iil -rkjiI.iiintiiiiiH'il' l.afavi'lle In tliet 'liaiiilier nt')h<|iiiiiifi -rrorllliiiteinii III' Ihe klni!— Tile PhImIh Royal hlslnil.'lle Ih.-tt LnTnyetle niMiieit n riHf/i irrfrU 1)11(1 nilirliiliirral'ayette had obstinittely re(\iBed the eominaiid of the national guard «f Paris, [ which had been ollVrcd him with the stroin'cst solicila- tluiis, This system of accusation was the more i)erfulious, as whilst on the one hand it invoked for Louis Philip|ie tlic sympathy which a generous nation never withholds from oppressed weakiie.-^s ; it tended on the other to alienate from Lafayette the affection of liis comrades of tlie iia- tidiial guard of Palis, that is, to wound him in the most sensible pari. Fear and b.id faith set every engine to work, to invest this fiction with Ihe eharaclcr of an ineoutest;iblc fact; and the truly theatrical .senlimentality with which they deplored Ihe lamentable obstinacy of Lafayette, is not one of the least characteristic traits of the men who now govern us. "Sire," said M. de Montalivct, in his report presented lo Ihe king on tl'.e •lililli of December, "(Jeneral Lafay- ette has tendered lo your majesty his resignation of the office ofeommander in chief of the national guards of the kingdom. The most earnest solicitation.s, repeatedly urged, have failed to induce the illustrious general to re- tract a resolution which deeply alilicls your majesty's heart, and deprives Frnnee of the services he might yet render her. The resolution of (Jeneral Lafiyette being irrevocable, we must abandon the hope of seeing him continue in the exercise of the functions of an ollice in which he will leave imi)erishable recollections behind him!" That pathetic report had naturally for its moral, Ihe proposing of Count de Lobauas the successor of Lafayette. Then came immediately the following proelamalion, plentifully distributed, and posted up at every guard- house in the capital ■ — " PnoCLAMATION OK THE KI.NG. 2ljth of December. " Brave Nali"nal Guards, my dear fellow countrymen, you will partake my regret on learning that General Laliiyelte bus deemed it proper logivc in his resignation. I had hoped to see him longer at your head, animating yonr 7eal by his example, and by the recollection of the great services he has rendered to the caii.se of Hbcrty. Ills retirement is the more felt by me, as, but a few days ago, Ihe worthy general again took a glorious part in m.Tinlainiiig publii; order, v.hieli you .so nobly and so effectually protected during the late agitations. But I have the consolation to retlect that 1 have neglected nothing to B|Kire the National Guard that which will cause it the deepest regret, and mc the sinccrcst grief. "liOi'is PiiiLii'i'i:." ,\nd here I subjoin the terms in which, following up Ihe blow, the president of the council expres.sed himsell' ill Ihe silting of the Chamber of Deputies of the SiMli ol December, that is, thirty-six hours aller he had voted the dismissal of Lafayette. " The illu.strious chief of the national guard, who has long contemplated the repititionof that noble step which he took forty years ago, has divested himself of his func- tions, uotwiihslanding our snlicilalions. He wished, as much as in him lay, lo imitate the noble example of Washington ; lie has done only a little earlier that which he said he would do sooner or later. One of our enl- leagiies,* whose virtues have thrown around him so much splendour, had likewise fornu>d the inlcntioii of laying down his share of power; bill he would not do so on the eve of danger ; he lias done it the day alter." The king, having assembled at Ihe Palais Uoyal the roldiiels of all the legions oi'llie nalional guard of Paris, prnlcsscd the deepest regret at Lal'ayelte's resignation, all the lime, however, eomplaliiiiig of Ihe really excessive demands which he had inadi^ to his majesty. But what will apjK'ar still more astonishing is, that, eoiilbiindiiig, no doubt, the eonllicting counsels which were siiniil- laneously given him, the king added, in n tone of dis- pleasure, that monstrous pr(i|msals were maile him, such as that of expelling the Chambers, and setting up a die- talorsliip. It must Im' believed, that ehaiiee and i-onfusion only could have thus brought together in oni' senlcnce llui itrmanitf of Iiafiiyctte, and u wish for a. rnup-d'clal and a dietaturHhip ; siiicn, when the general complained to liiu king of llin absurd reports Ilia', were spread re- specting him 1" I should liko," answered Louis Philippe, " lo Kvo llio man who should daro to nialnluin that I allribuled those proposals to you."' " I'erlainly," re. plied Lafnyette, " il is pleasant enough that I should lie aeeuKcd of a desiro lo invest you with a diclatorship, I who would be found tliu first in Ihe rnnks of Ihe enemies of any eoimtituliuiial tnonareh who should lake such n fancy." However, thoso manu!uvrcH on tlio onu hand, and llioHU miiundrtilatulingt on Iho ollior, furnished matter » M. Uu|iunl de lEiirc for those false accusations which a restless and cun- ning spirit of intrigue propagated in the capital and in llio departments, in Iho guai-"'. ..so and in the draw- ing-room, and under favour of which many persons as- sumed, at court, the merit of a devuledne.ss which had no object. Bui what wos either Irnc or probable in these impu- tations? Nolliing, certainly; and the most ordinary judgment would suffice lo detect the absurdity of the groundwork of that dull comedy. As for the imperious drmnnils of Lafayette, the king had reason to complain of them, if the king considered as an intolerable exaction, Ihe requiring of a speedy return to the principles of the. revolution of July, to which ho owed his crown, and from which he and his ministers were so evidently departing. Has tiiiio proved that those fears were are without foundation ? Finally, in respect to his refusal of the command of the national guard of Paris, one single thing is true, which is, that before accepting that command, the ('oiiiit de Lobau came lo ask Lafayette if he persisted in his risiisuiitiim. Hut until then, Lafayette had eom- iiianded the national guard of Paris by virtue only of llie powers which invested him with the chief eom- inaiid of all the national guards of the kingdom ; con- sequeiilly, that general command being abolished, he could not be atkcd to retain the command of the capi- tal in particular, under an authority which the decision of the legislature and the concurrence of the govern- ment had viitually put an end to, A new ordinance would have been necessary ; and such ordinance was never issued, nor even olTered. But where is llie necessity for mo to argue upon legal forms, to prove that llie government never in- tended lo entrust the eommaiid of the capital to La- I'ayclte? Does not that proof appear from the very n.itiire of things? The distrusts and jealousies of the court, the chambers, the courtiers, the ministers, the ■ oreigii diplomatists, being the manifest, the sole mo- tives for removing Lafayette ; did they not apply above all to the exercise of the power and iiitlueiico which lie derived from the command of one hundred thousand armed citizens of Paris and its environs.' And if, on his part, Lafayette had scrupled to deceive Franco liy appearing lo identify himself with the policy of the Palais Royal, must ho not have been equally fearful of abusing the confidence of the country by exercising the great and imposing eoinmand of the capital.' Thus the system of Iho Palais Royal, and that of Lafayette, of llieinselves, put the olVer and refusal of that com- mand nut of the question : neither the one nor tlia other was made. In resorting to that syBlcm of slander and calumny, li.e court knew so liltle of Lafayette, as not lo venture lo rely on Ihe generosity of his character, which would make him regard il as a patriotic duly, lo prevent Hit! ill elVeel liis resignation was likely lo produce in Paris and in every part of France, from whence he received, in fact, such warm lestiinomes of regret, affection, and eoiilideiiee. Meveilheless, far from wishing to make a. iriiimph of his retirenient, he took every pains to deaden Hie explosion of discoiileiit which il might oc- casion among his numerniis friends, and to prevent tlio icsigiinlions which began to bo tendered from all quar- ters, lie hastened to issue the following order of the day :- oniii;ii or the day, or tiik 27tii ok deckmbeu, 1830. " In quilting the coininand of the nalional guards of the kingdom, (ieneral Lafayelle proposes lo address lo llieiii his thiiiiks and Ins farewell, but ho cannot refrain fiom seizing the first mnincnt to express to his fellow soldiers of Paris the leelings with which his heart is uverdowiiig. lie has the fullest confidence in the sin- cerity of their atlachmcnl and regret. By redoubling, if possible, their punctuality and activity in Iho service, Ihey will prove it to him more and iiiuro. He will know how lo appreciate this fiesh testimony of their uireeliuii and their indissolublo union with him, in their comnioii devotion lo liberty ond public order. The palriolie foresight of the king bus made all Ihe neces- sary anangemenls. Il is with his whole soul, and not without emotion, that their old and grateful friend in- dites these few words to them, " Lakavkttk." Lafayctlu inimcdialuly alter presented liimsclf lo Iho king, no loiigur as cuminaiider of 1,7110,000 nalional guards, but as un ull'eetiuiiato citizen full of respect fur ihe person and family ul'lliu now inunareh. 'I'lio court and llie town awaited, with the strongest euiiusily, the parliamenlary oxpUiialiuiis which ho 'I i If 28 LAl'AYETTE AND LOUIS PHILIPPE. I should {.rive in the tribune ; and, as may be well con- ceived, liis arrival at the Chamber, in the sitting of the 27th of December, caused a great sensation. " Gentlemen," said he, "it is customary, in a neigh- bouring country, that when a citizen retires (roin the exercise of high functions, he and his cnllcngucs should mutually cxphiin before the representative chamber. Allow mc to use that privilege. "I have always thought that theofliccof commander in chief of the national guards of the kingdom was in- compatible, as a general principle, with the institutions of a constitutional monarchy. Thneforc, when three millions of ti\y fellow citizens, in 171)0, pro|)osed to con- fer that office upon mc, by the acclamations of their fourteen thousand deputies, on the field of the Federa- tion, I hastened to prevent its possibility, by obtaining from the Constituent Assembly a prohibitory decree, I did not do so when, at the Hotcl-de-Ville, the lieute- nant-general of the kingdom, and afterwards the king, pro|)osed to nie to remain in the exercise of that com- mand. I thought it behoved me to accept it, with the intention of divesting myself of it, earlier in case of peace, later in case of war, as soon as I no longer saw a necessity for its continuance. "The opinion of the Chamber has anticipated that period ; and out of respect to it, I have not waited for the law to bo submitted to the other branches of the le- gislature. It is merely a question of time ; but I should teol deeply hurt if it were supposed (and no one, know- ing or having read the history of the last filly-four years, can suppose) that my conduct has been inllucnc- ed by the slightest personal considoralion. I will go further: that opinion expressed by the Chamber, aflbrd- ed mo an opportunity which I needed. The great power with which I was invested gave some umbrage ; you have otlcn heard it spoken of, gentlemen. That umbrage prevailed, above all, in the diplomatic circles. That power is now dissolved ; I have now only the hon- our of being your coUengiio. " One word more, gentlemen. Tliat resignation, ac- cepted by the king with all his accustomed testimonies of kindness towards mo, I should not have given in be- fore the crisis wo have just [)assed through. My under- standing of puUlic order is now fully satisfied. I own it is not so with my underalandin/r of liberty. We all know the programme of the Hotel-de-Ville; ^1 popular throne surrounded uilh republican inslilulions. It was accepted ; hut wo do not all of us understand it in the Bame manner; it has not, on all occasions, been under- stood by the councils of the king as it has by me, who am more impatient than others to see it lealised ; and to whatever may have been my personal independence in every situation, I feel, in my present situation, more perfectly at liberty to discuss my opinion with you. " There are points, however, upon which we shall be always united against domestic and foreign adversaries I think thai, in the course taken at the time of the re- volution of .luly, we not only did that which was best, but the only thing it was expedient to do. I think so more than ever, since I have known tho monarch whom 'we have placed upon tho throne. In pirtting ofi' my uniform, I have not laid aside our motto. " Liberty, pub- lic order." Besides, how many legal means wo possess of expressing our thoughts, of urgrng our demands ! For us, there is the tribune ; for every one the press, which has rendered so many services, and the [x-aceablo course of |)clitioning. This, geiitleinen, is whit I had occasion to say lo my colleagues, who, 1 hope, will con- tinue to mo their esteem and friendship."' In short, owing to tho iiieasnros taken by Lafayette in order that his reliromeiit niiL'lit produce the smallest possible iiicoiiveiiii'uci.', every filing would have setlli'd down calmly, if, as he said one day to tlie king, ho had not met, in Ihe pirformnnce of that (food work, with some auxiliaries upon whom he Imd not rtickoned. No- vertheless, Ihe proprieties of ollice reipiiied that Fiafhy- ette should liiriiially lake leave of the nationul guards of tho kingdom, and particularly of that of'I'aris, which he did by addressing to them these two loiters: — OKNF.HAl. I.APAVKTTK TO TIIK NATIONAI. HllAni) OF I'AKIS. Vnria, lat January, 1H31. " My dear fcllow-snldiers, "When, at the painful moment of my retiromnnt, I haslcneil lo put you on your gii ird, not against iiiiox- perled inculpations, which I leiivii lo your good sense and the rerlilu'l'' of your own hearts, but against any imprudeni manili'slalions of your lVii'mlshi[i lowarils me, i promised yiiii a farewell let fer, which I shall here sub- join. Vou will find in ii, as well aa in my .■>poecli to the Chamber, tho explanation of my conduct and the expres- sion of my sentiments, I feel it, however, necessary again to address myself specially to you, whoso fiithers were my friends and companions in 17811; to you, who, during tho last five months, have so fully gratified my patriotism, my pride, and my affection. "In resigning the command in chief to the king, wliose ordinance was my sole title to it, I have yicldoil not only to the wishes expressed in the sitting of the :i4tli of December, but also to Ihe manifestations of va- rioiis sorts of jealousies, and of patriotic scruples, not loss apjdicable, considering my pcr.sonal siluiilion, to the important command of the nationni tjuard of Paris, had it been re-established in my behalf, than to the functions with which 1 had liecn invested. "It would have been gratifying to me, my dear com- rades, to present to you myself the brotherly congratula- lions on your conduct in the lafe crisis, which pour in from all quarters; they shall be transmitted to Ihe excel- lent general who so well justifies the honourable choice f the king. ".May our programme of .July be carried into eflect more and more! Such is the wish of France; for, it is as false to say at Paris that the departments are indiflcr- ent to liberty, as in the departments that Paris is averse to public order: then the reality of things themselves will not need the passjiort of any name. " Accept, all of you, my dear comrades, connnandcrs, officers, subalterns, and privates, the regrets, the affec- tion, and the good wishes of a loving, grateful, and de- voted heart, which remains identified with you, and which death alone can separate from you. " Lakavetti:." cr.XKRAI. I.AFAVKTTK TO THE NATIONAL, (iLAai)S OK THE KlNunOM. " Hut a .short time ago, my dear fellow-soldiers, I was invested with an immense command; now, 1 am only your old friend, the veteran of the national guanl. That twofold title will, to my last niomenl.s, tbrin my happi- ness and my glory. That which I no longer possess found me, in the great week, strong in the imbonnded confidence of the |>eople, in the midst of the illustrious barricades at which was raised again that tri-coloured Hag, twice the signal of liberty ; where, in three days, were decided the present destinies of things and of men in Franco, the future destinies of Kurope. Those func- tions which I had refused in 17110, I accepted in 1830 from the hanils of a prince whom we have appointed to be our king. They were, I think, exercised usefully ; seventeen hundred thousanrl national guards already raised, organised at thi' voice of their happy chief, arc my witnesses. They might, I confess, have still conti- nued lo be further useful, during a ])erio(l of the duration of which T was told I should be the judge, and of which I should have been a severe arbiter. A majority of the depiilies my colleagues thought that those funetioiis ought to cease now; and that opinion was expressed, in the same sitting, by the principal organ of the govern- ment. Besides, distrusts, whicli I have a right to say the past did not justify, had arisen in several quarters; they were openly manif'csfcd, and could not he satisfied except by a rclinquislmient of power wholhj and irithmit any renrrrr. And when even the royal intervention, in its solicitude, aflerwards resorted to every means to continue my services, an instinct of treedum, which has never deceived me in Ihi^ whole course of my lite, sug- gested lo me that I must sacrifice that power, those eii- joynienls, those constiiiil aHeetions, lo Ihe anslere diiiy of conlribuliiiir to all the conseciucnccs of the .evolution oflK'll). " My passing aulhorily has not been usi'less ; an im- inensr correspciiidenei' eiinfinns this assertion. In fuel, if llie sublime moveinciil of France in anus has been s|)iintaiieoiis; if, to secure if fur ever ngiiiiisl Ihe fuliire comhinatioiis of cvitv kind of narrow, malevolent, or tliniil policy, it \i:\- been siiirieieiil lo pliee her distinctly, from the outset, under the safe)j;uard of the principles of 1781) and I71M, and, above all, of the vital and universal principle of elcefion ; it is not the less true, that a central inllueni'c, and, if I may vcnlure lo say so, Ihe conlidcmc line to some of my anterior aits, have eonlriliuled use- fully lo regulate, in the absence of the law, the various organisations and wishes, ami to remove obstaeles raised by fhe intrigues of the fillen parly, who, in too Iniiiiy insfatices, were suflVred lo reliiin Ihe power of doing mischii'f. I am happy to express my obligations in that respeel to the i verlions of Ihe inspector general, which have so ably seeonded my own. " I shall not clel.iil all that we have done to organise those adiiiirabli town legion.-, tliofc nuincroiiB cantonal battalions, the mischievous parcelling out of wliich you have recently witnessed ine opposing in vain ; to con. tribute to their instruction, their arming, their equip, incnt, as far as the physical resources at our disposal would allow ; to demand, from the coimncncement, fresh and powerful means to iiurehose, manufacture, and repair those arms which form at once the |>atriotic want and the noble cry of the national guards; to assist in tlie forma- tion of the citizen cavalry, and of that artillery mountiiij; already fifty batteries, and awaiting the numerous addi- tions promised by the war department; a civic innova- tion teeming with utility, whose high importance has not been sutticiently felt in our legislative discussions; in short, to prepare all that five months more may dc velope. By these means will be completed that immense organisation, jirotective of liberty and public order, and H hence might issue so many hundreds of thousands ul' eombatants for the safety and the indciiendence of France, .'Vli I instead of dreading that vast institution, formcil without hesitation, without disturbance, by the feeling of a liberal and sympathetic confidence in the national masses, let us rather iiasteii to regulate our other insli- tulions after such a model ! " IIow shall I exjircss the delightful emotioUH of my icart, when, at the end of a few weeks, it was my happy lot to oftcr to the admiration of the public, to the kiiip, to the foreigners, to enemies ok well as friends, that Pa- risian national guard of which 1 was so proud ; which, during forty years, has been a real family to me, rising up again more brilliant, more luunerous than ever, and, shortly after, amounting, with the fine legions of tlic suburbs, to nearly eighty thousand men in the Champ- de-.Alars ; einotioiis which couhl l»c surpassed only by tlic happiness of having rcci^ntly owed to them the safety of the capital, mid the uniform purity of our revolution. If a single department, that of the Seine and Oise, procjr>.il me local enjoyments, how much have I not f'ult on re- ceiving the re|iorts of tho miracles of formation, appear- ance, intelligence, good tecling, in the various portions of our fine country ; in seeing myself surrounded every day by thosc^ deputations from the whole of Franc- , which brought to the king of her choice a second inau- guration, and which, in their aft'ectionatc confidence, ex- plaining to me the local grievances ond the general mieasiness, constituted me, as you know, the formal in. terpreter to the govcrmnent, ol the wants which the spi- rit of the great week required to Ik' satisfied. " That duty was fulfilled. I have every where, ns in the Iribune, expressed my ardent, perhaps my impatieiii wishes, for the complete realisation of the programiiu tendered while the blood of six thousand citizens wa> yet smoking ; and if 1 wished that France should, in tin shortest tinie possible, have a representation elected sub. seipicnily to the revolution of 1830 ; if I have said, thai in fiiture discussions relative to the other ('hamber, I should prelcr to its present organisation the jirinciple ol an elective presentation of candidates for the approval of the king ; if I have scrupled to lend my name to the dc laying, or to the omitting of things which I consider necessary ; it would be very uniust to convert tliosr opinions into the having called lor roups.d'itat and a dictatorship; which I have no mora wished to impose upon others than I would submit to them myself, as his. lory will vouch in more than one passage. "But I prefer rc|iealing what every one must know, Frenchmen of all parties, foreigners ol all countries ; thai if the eonsliliitioual order coni|Ucred ihiring tlio thru great days, that if the popular tlirmie raised by our own hands, should ever be ihrealened, from whatever quarlii il niighl be, the whole iialion would rise to defend them "M this painliil moment of bidiling you farcwill, which I had not Ihoughl so near, 1 leiiiler lo my diar f'ellcm soldiers my gralilude fa their friendship, my con. f»li".cc in their reiiieinlirance of me, my wishes fiir their happiness, my aihniration at what they have perfornieil, my antieipiilii.n of what they will yet do, my hope thai the ealeuhilions of intrigue, nr Ihe misrepreseiitalions of malevoleiiee, will not prevail airaiiist me in their breast*; I offer them, in sliorl, all the scnliiiiciils of a lender otrei- tion, which will continue to my latest breath. " LAFAVKTrK." This new order of things did not in Ihe least diminiitji Ihi' moral influence of Ijiiliiyeltc; perhaps even the con siileralion for liiin |n'rsonally was much increased by llir (lisijrace which llu^ oll'spring of the revolution of .hilv, aftervvards its adversaries, had just intlicted on the gear ral's palriolie iiiflexibilily. Thiil s|M'cicH of ostracism restored him In all Ihe dignity of his polilieiil life. In il> ed, il was in Ihe simple L'nrb of a cilizen. that in \'i^'} he had received l.ouls XVI,, at tho head of two hundrrd housa .&e hai ^iiieri ■en guest ; the II, in sho uriiig ibe But, l^ialtei to the Ijbjcct might Auin I {% getl y sepi riner ^eddc if prev nand, it the our roy But, Wonarc bf ever Jitle, an ike Laf (^8 beyoi 'cctly I krincipl leen by oldnes^ J.AFAYETTE AND LoriS PHILIPPE. 29 ■lliiijT out of wliich yuu rosing in vain; to con- ir uriniiig, their equip. sources at our a.(l'ilul and u jiiro wished to impose to them myself, as his. passage. every one must know, rs of all countries; thai uercd during tlie thin liroiie raise'l ^llic head of two hundriil .iousand armed patriots ; that, nearly forty years after, ic had traversed in triumph the twenty-lour states ot the Amerieun L'nioii, reviewing ihe regular troops and eili- ten niililla which crowd.d the passage ot ll,e nulwn s guvM ; and that, more recently, he had toiind 'Minsell at flie Ilolel.ile-Ville, at the head of the revolution ot It^.iO. 5n short, il was not tr his olliee of generalissimo that, uring half a century, the confidence and veneration ol the nations of America and Kurope had bee.', attached. Bnl, if the personal position of Lafayette remained nnallered by his retirement, it was not tin; less injurious £ the public weal, that the national guard lost in him an abject around which all the interests ot order and liber y might rally. And as for the throne which, in the deii- ^uni of ambition and fear, thought to strengthen itsel fiy getting rid of his influence, what has it then gained & separating itself from him? Where could it hnd a jriner or more faithful support than in the man who had ipcdded it to liberty ; the only one, too, that was capable if preventing their inevitable divorce, perhaps near at hand, whieh has been pleading, for seventeen inonlhs, lit the bar of the nation >. Strauge fatality which attends eur royalties of whatever origin! But, what is not less curious than the blindness of the monarchy of July, is the dillieully which, were they men fcf ever so much discernmenl, the seekers after wealth, title, and influence, must find, to comprehend a character 4ikc Lafayette's. The contemning of those sorts of things is beyond the understanding of such people. They per- ^ctly coinprchend that a man should be persevering in jirinciple, tenacious in will, confident of results unfore- feeii by the most sagacious ; they do not dispute that fcldness and coolness which in the course of the longest if political lives, should have all at once placed him on Jie highest ground of every kind of ambition. But that .iliis man, having only to desire to be rich, powerful, and Alie dis|ienscr of favours, should not have the resolution close the hand in which the love and confidence of Sic people had placed all their possessions, is what the nibitious great, as well as the petty intriguers, cannot nderstand. A character such as this, is to their minds perfect anomaly, which they cannot e.vplaiii, except by ittributing to it an inherent want of judgment and iiiergy : they ask their own breasts ; and they find that oinelhing, they hardly know what, must necessarily be leficieiit in that political soul which, from being so ar- leat and so daring, has sunk in their eyes into timidily nd weakness ; since, after trampling upon the greatest rejudiees, it tbolishly cheeks itself through a scruple of :onscieiice. What, in fact, is to be expected from a itatesman who thinks and says u|)on every occasion, that, great iiersonnl tiueslions, i( is jienernllif safest tn ilecidr ipaiiist our own interest .' A man wlia thus places all s glorv above vulgar ambitions; who ranks among hose ambitions, thrones, presiileneies, and eonquesis; for whom the inferiorily of his fellow creatures, the pa- ade of a court, of aiulienees, and of external splendour, lave no attraction ; a man of this description, is cer- .linly not in accordance with this age in which he lives. Thus, for want of a sense to enable them to imderstaud 10 unusual a eliaracter, Ihr jiii>tr iiiiliru entertain a jiro- roniKl contempt for that singular being, who, placed so lien in a situation fur satisfying every amliitiniis appc- ile, yet bus never been able to help lurniiig his hack ipoii t'orluiie, as a child lets its |)lay things drop from its aiuls. Such are the symptoms by whieh the enemies of Tia- yetlc have discovered the decay of his political fiieiil- es, .Old his incapacity liir government. There is, how- VI r, aiiiillier, which they have overlooked, but upon I'.iih they might argue w illi quite as much justice : it H, that riiliculmis monomania which urges him iiices- lantly to ilelend the interests of liberty and of the sim- ilest institntions for the public good ; it is again (and re 1 speak seriously) the tiiult lie has sometimes eoni- llled, of iiiduliiing loo much in Ihe enjoyment of pre. nliiig Ihe enntrast of a man who, having all in his wer, will have nothing fiir himself. Il remains lor me now to exhibil Lal'ij-ctle in the igle eliaineter of a deputy, aller the revolution of July, bat is, during the nineteen months that have followed lis dismissal. including all that immediately relates to I.afayctte and Louis Philippe. Lafayellc and his friends had made numerous elVorts to cause the magistracy of Chailes X. to be changed, as it was almost entirely composed of counter-revolutionary leaders. This ma d by the Here M. Sarrans closes the second division of his S'oik. From the ensuing pages we have made such ex. raets, as, while (hey fiiUow thr thread of Ihe history, do ^ot embody the private opinions rrs|ipcting the late lilts which encumber the text of the author, who must ' considered nn a parliflan writer. Wn give his facts icy however, was defended and prescrv- ■nee of the ("ourt joined to that of the Restoration parly, which had appointed the greater number of the judges, and removed from the tribunals all who were not notoriously royalist. Hut when the question arose, os to tho admission of the capacites to llie exercise of the electoral right, l-aliiyelte opposed the exclusion of these magistrates, an exclusion which a part of the opposition had committed the error of de- manding in a fit of spleen against tho majority ; which circumstance caused the exclusion of the other capacites, and vitiated tho electoral law in one of its most essen- tial principles. While this long debate was going for- ward, his opinion was, that the perfection of political civilisation U|>on this head, consisted in this; namely, that each person paying taxes should lie entitled to a direct vote in electing the representatives, and should not be in any way disturbed in his choice of the trustees of the country. " That which for Europe is still con. sidcrcd as Utopian," said Lafayette, " has been practis. ed for more than fifty years in the United States, There every tax payer is an elector ; and among them is to bo found the militia man, tho member of the na- tional guard, who has paid in the course of the year the ])ersonal contribution of one day's service. 'I'hore no pecuniary qualification for candidates is known ; yet every thing goes on without inconvonienca and without disturbance. Such is the power of popular information, of civic habits, and national institutions." In his twofold capacity, as a member of the legisla- ture, and as commander of the national guards of the kingdom, Lafayette had caused to be proclaimed from the tribune, as well as in the cabinet, the system of non-intervention, the equality of the men of colour with other citizens in the eye of tho law which governs our colonies, and the recognition of the South Ameri- can and Mexican republics. In his view, the foreign policy of the July revolution ought to consist in the necessary developnriient of those three primary points. He constantly maintained these principles whenever di- plomatic questions occurred in the debates of tho Cham- ber of Deputies. But it was not enough to have procured the adoption of the mere denomination of a system ; the more important point was, to guard the system itsclt against perfidious interpretations, by clearly and pre. cisely defining its letter and its spiiit: this was done by Lafayette on two or throe decisive occasions. Every one remember.s, for instance, that memorable silling of ll'illi January, 1H31, in which Lamnrque, Mauguin, and Laliiyetto, exhibited the nations of Europe arising one after another for liberty ; Belgium oti'eriiig us that belt of fortresses which the Coalition had erected against the France of llil-1 and IHI;"); Poland running the ter- rible hazards of an insurrection, to avoid inarching agaliut us ; and, in tlioso momentous circumstances, the government of Louis I'liilippo sunk in the most tnconceivabin lethargy, acting as the ministry of Charles X. would have acted, and lloundering w itiiout cniirugn or resolution in the slough into which its pre- decessors had prceipitalcd the ilcstoration. Then it was, I Imtafler remind ing I he {'liamber of the consecrated maxim of the CMiigrcss of Vienna, that " so long as a single revolutionary dynasty should exist, the revolu- linn would not bn exilnguishod ; and that the principle of legitimacy must bo made every where to prevail ; that, irithoiil that, there could lie no peace, hut onli/ ii truer:'' llion it was, I say, that the illustrious warrior upon whom the grave has just now closed, so energeti- cally characterised as .\ lui.T in tiik Mini-:, tliiit peace which the Ueslnratlon had allowed to bo imposed upon it, ond tho shameful bequest of which was ac- cepted by the ministers of tho citizen king. " France,"' said Lamarque, " has never forgiven the Itonrbons the shame of Ihe treaties of ini.'i; she would have been gratified to find that tho king of her clioieo felt an she does, and partook her national pride.'' • "" Tn this eoiifusioii of principles, it became Ihe hoiinden ihity of Lafayette to bring back things to the true inenn- iiig of July, that is, n popular throne aurrountird with npulilican institutions ; to prove that that was not a throne conl'erred by the Chamber of the two hundred and twenty -one; and that n seeptro received from the haiuU of the people, cotild be mnintainrd only by institu- tions emanating from the people. In short, it was es- sential to know, once tiir all, the extent nf the discrepan- ries between the eompnet of the nnlr|.(le.\'il|e and llic system reeiiilly avowed by Ihe Pahiis-lioyal. In ailililinii to this, anolhir subject of vital importance engaged public allentiini. The approaching dissolution of the Chaniber was spoken of. M. Lnflitlc, president of the council, had even announced Ironi the tribune that he would eoiisnll the king upon il. Hut the niajiirilv of the iliiclrinuirrs wished that the new eireliiins should lake place under the anihorily of the temporary law of Ihe IrJth of September, and not under that of Ihe electoral law, the discussion of which was eniilinually postponed. Lafayette deemed it his duty to opposi; iK'forehund that proposition, which might compromise the t'uture t'ate of France, by prolonging the existence of the tax. paying qualifications at 301) francs for electors and 1000 francs for deputies. • » » » » What was the real state of things, nine months af\er the day when the peo|)le, at the price of their blood, had created a monarchy, and thought they had acqomplished a revolution ! It is here imiiortanl to look closely into facts, and ob- serve precisely the situation of afl'airs at the moment the prorogation was aimouiieed. Nine months, I say, had cla|>sed since the king of July had sworn to devote his whole lil'e to the triumph of the revolution, to protect the development of liberty, and to watch, with jealous care, over the inaintenanco of the national honour. Well, theories and opinions apart, what li.id occurred in that short space of time ? At home; Ijafayeltc divested nf hiseommand in chief; the honest Dupont de I'Eure filled with disgust, and ob- liged to quit the council; the chief magistracy of the ca- pital wrested out of the hands of an upright jiatriot, and thrown into those of a prefect of the empire; of the laws promised by the charter, some postponed indefinitely, the others vitiated by clauses injuriously restrictive of liberty ; an electoral law such that, although the quota of contributions remained almost the only basis of the elective qualification, yet an increase of the taxes gave no means tiir extending the franchise; an association formed for the purpose of expelling a family which had covered France with wounds and chains, persecuted with fury; a law on tho national guard, evincing the most ineoneeivablc distrust of the loyalty of the citizens; the patriotic functionaries, the ollicers most devoted to tho order of things which they had cemented with their blood, every whore removed by wholesale, and their places given to the satellites of every gone-by regime. Abroad; tho men who had represented tho liillen go- vernment, alone sent as ambassadors to foreign courts ; the principle of non-intervention, but lately proclaimed with an ostentatious boldness, openly disowned, or sub- jected to the most perfidious interpretations; a people who had thrown themselves between France and tho most powerful of her enemies, tho people of Poland, basely saerificod, without a single friendly denionslra- tion, without one testimony of sympathy, or semlini; even a courier;* the Italian states, whieh tho govern- ment had urged to rise, delivered up, under our eyes, to foreign occupation, pillage, conlisealinn, and the ven- geanre of a tivv contemptilile despots; llelgium repulsed, insiilli'd by our governnienl, and obliged to throw her- seli into the arms nf FOiiijIand ; in short, Ihe piinciplcs anil the interests of lln^ revolution of July neglected and belrayeil on every side. » • » Lafayette had hern snnitnoned as a witness on the re- quisition of the ni I used petty conspirators. On his en- tering the court of assize, Ihe prisoners, the barristers, the jUiy, anil the whole nudieliee, rose and saluted the noble geiur I. The point in question was, to prove that an inforinatniii laid before the stall", of a Bonapartist con- spiracy, having liir its object to get possession of the guns belonging to the artillery of Ihe national guard, had been ihe soh; reason fiir the measures nf defence whieh some enmpanies had deemed it proper to take ; which measiir. » (he accusation impnted to them as a crime. The gi im ral proved (hat (his was (he real (ruth ; and he also paid a solemn tribute to tlir palrindsm of (hat lirave citizen ariillery, ngainsl wlinli (he govern, menl was already exercising all its enmity. When La- I'ayelle withdrew, the prisoners, the jury, and the siiceta- tors, rose and bowed afresh. "Mv readers well know the result of this trial, by which * Il will tin ri'rnlli'ririt. iliat. ill n report pri'irnifil to iliii PuUah T>i I tiir lorriiin attiiirs 111' ilnii riiiiMir> iiiniptuiiifil ol' n,-i tmviiiK rri-iiM'il any (oki-n of ►jinimttiy iin ttie pan of Uie Knnrh gnvprninoni for iliii rnltiih raiise, iior rini ii niiirirr. 30 LAFAYKTTE AND LOUIS l>IIlI,llM'i:. tlic govcriiiiieiit gaiiiicl iiothiiiy but tlic oiliuiii of having bought to erect seuH'ohls, * • LiUiiyette, on whoso part nothing certainly hail ren- dered it necessary to make a deehmition of principles, made a |M)int of giving his constituents un account, not only of tlic reasons wiiieh had actuated liiin in his votes upon all the gieat legislative (|uestions that liad occupied the session, hut liliewiso of the opinions and the hopes wliich had governed his political conduct in the memora- ble events of July. Hy conforming to this eustcmi, so consonant to the nature of a constitutional government, Lafayetle rendered the country a service so nuieh the more important, as it served belter to clear away the mist which the head of the government was anxious to spread over the primitive eontlilions of its own existence. He was, moreover, sitting an example to his eolleagui's, which, being followed liy many of them, called lorlli those numerous pledges to vole against the hereditary peerage, wliii:h were u'emumled from the new deputies, bv nearly the whole of the colleges. " That document is worthy to be preserved for history, not only as a model of candour and propriety, but like- ui.se as the most lucid view that could bo taken at that period of the events of July. In it Lafayette said : " You will ask mo, my dear constituents, what was the nature of that progranmie of the Ilotel-dc-Ville, so olU'H cited by me, disputed by others, and the fultilmcnt of which it is my duty to claim. " After the visit of the now lieutenant general, acconi. panted by the deputies, to the Hotel-de-Ville, I considered that the popular authority and public confidence with which I was invested, gave me the right and imposed U|H)n mo the obligation to come to an explicit under- standing, in the name of the |M'ople, with tlic intended king : — ' You are aware,' I said to him, ' that I am ii rfpubliean, and that J took upon the constitution of the United Stales as the most perfect that has ever existed.' ' / think as you do,' replied the Duke of Orleans, ' it is impossible to hare passed two years in .Imerica and not to he of thut opinion ; Imt dn you think, in the situation of h'rance, and considirim; the neneral opinion, that it in adi-isalile to adopt it '' ' iY",' said I, ' uliat the French people now require is, a popular throne surrouruled uilh repuUican instiliiliona!' — ' It is just so tkiit I understand it,' replied the pruice. This nnitual agreement, which every one may interpret as ho pleases, but which I hastened to pulilish, had the cHect of rallying around us, both those? who had no wish for a nmnarch, and those who wished to have any other than a BonrlHin." * * The ministry had suggested that the French patriots liad given the I'oles the h id eiihice, to throw otf the yoke of their tyrant, liafayette repelled that insinuation, which went to establish that |)etty ambitions had, in real- ity, Ix'cn the spring of those great patriotic and national nmvements which we ha\c seen burst ibrth in the diHbr- cnt parts of t;uro|«", and es|)eeially in Poland, since the oleclric shock of the revolnlion of July. " Hut," said he, " if bad advice was given, it must rather have Iwen that timid advice of which I have ollen spoken to this Cham- ber, and which caused the I'olish ligation to write home, under the dictation of the French novemment, tliat in two mnnlhs atl'airs would be arranged, and that Poland nmst hold out until then." Lafayetle conjured the government to repair at least a part of the wrong which it had done to Poland, by in- structing its andjassador, at tlic court of Prussia, to require that the I'oles should no longer Im! arrested and ill-treated, when they asked that they might not return under the riigime of the knout, but he free to come and seek amongst us that hospitality which all France of- fered them. Flo also called tor a termination of the unhappy con- dition of (Ireeei', and e8|x>eially that every ellort should be iiiude to free her from the .''way of Hussia, who, ever Rince Catherine's time, has been taxing her ingenuity to deceive that unfortunate peojile. And he concluded with soliciting the sympathy and support of the government for the generous enlirprise of the Portuguese, who, at the moment that I write th, se lines, are lighting to deli that he authorised him to contradict it in tin; most ex- plicit nmnner. Well; three months have scarcely elapsed since that ministerial denial ; and alrei.dy a detachment of four hundred Polos, without even be'ing permitted to touch tlio French shore, have born trans- ported by us to the coast of Africa. And why this new vexation ? Because the Prussian miuislry have, it is said, acquainted our cabinet, that soihe Polish sol- diers asserted that they wero going to France to over- throw Louis Philippe! Such is the incredililo prelem.e for a resolution which AI. do Rigny has declared to be irrevocable. « » » » vcr their country from the execrable tyranny of Don Miguel, that worthy brother of the king of Spam: "for," sail! Lafiyetle, "there is a fratirnity of seutimrnt in their lives, as well as a kindred between their families." Thoru w.iB already some rumour of the project wliich the ministry havu now realised, of fijreibly send- ing tlio Poles to .Mgiers. Lafayette, feeling Ihu neces- sity of arming himself bcforchnnd against sueh an in- elination, availed himself of this rumour to inform tho C'hainbcr, that having mentioned tho matter to tho minister of war, tlin latter had answered liitn that Iho Kuppusilioii was false, tliut it was quito absurd, and Such was tho political conduct of Lafayetle, from the day of his di>s own au- thority assume a title of nobility. This siippro.ssioii, so coiiforinablu to the social opinions ut' Lafayette, ought to be considered as completing the aliolition ol iho privileges of hor.dilary nobility in France, since each man may henceforward crealo liiiiiielf. at plea- sure, a duke, marquis, or baron, 'i'liis of itself is something, until wo can have something better. It will be seen that, while the wavering liberalism of the men of monopoly and the double vole, has given way on every side ; while the hearts of so many lilie- rals have failed, to whom France had given credit lor civic virtues; tho ancient patriotism of Lafayette has remained unshaken, the beacon of liliorty, in the midst of that Chamber unnerved by fear or undermin- ed by corruption. In alt tho prominent discussions of thai long and calamitoUG session, upon the addres's, the peerage, tho civil list, tho budget, tho foreij;n policy insinuating itself throughout, we have seen him, faithful to his principles id' half a century, contending inch by inch, and from position to position, against the encroach- ments of aristocracies, of whatever origin, upon the salutary doclrino of the sovereignty of the people; a doctrine upon which, in his eyes, necessarily depend the wishes, the interests, the wants, the civilisation, the genius, and tho greatness of nations; a doctrine, in short, with which he has imbued . vei y great question upon which he has entered, and o ' • "liich he has loft such deep traces in the minds of ni"n, that no liiimun frenzy lias power to etVace them. * * The doors of the Palais-Honrbon were closed. The battle had actually ceased for want of combatants, and our terrified and panting tribunes of the people had lied to their country houses. The clioliTa was not there yet. However, during tho period of nearly half a century that tho revolutionary torrtnt iias boon rolling over France, never had any legislative campaign been so liitiil to the national interests of every kind, never had any cliamIxT inflicted so many wounds on the countiy. The wants, the wishes, the interests, the civilisation, tho greatness, the fam(^ and the geniiisof France, all had been stauied, withered in the unhallowed hands of the doctrinaires. And, most remarkable eircumstaneo 1 astounding pheno- menon ! but eighteen iiiontlis after the July revolution, the acts of this imiipio legislature had nothing in them either of the good or of the evil accomplished by former assemblies; its deeds wero marked with a character quite |K>culiar, a eliaraetcr truly wonderful in its kind. * * Tho events at (irenoble ; the dissolution of tlie national guards of five or six departments ; the prank at Mar- illes ; the clandestine landing of the Duchess of Berri on the coast of l'ro»enee; the culpable comiivance, from family considerations, which allowed that attempt to go unpunished; tho unobstructed journey of the lie/rent through our Houthern provinces, from the .Mediterranean to the ocean; commerce, maiiuliictures, and agriculture, struggling against iiiKurmountablo diHlcultics ; the rising of La Vendee ; the nearly accomplished overthrow of the (irey administration ; and tint disturbance which that vent had been un the point of producing in the atlairs til' Fronee ; Poland buried in the silence of the grave, and grass growing in the streets of Warsaw, under the feet of the I'ossaok's horse ; Prussia bringing up her reserves, and concentrating her corps on the banks of the Hhine ; n the east, the Austrian lutlalionHnverrumiiug Bavaria, and all the small states of the (iermanie confederation in motion ; our handful of soldiers shut up in Aneona, and our national Hag pitcuusly furled ; the warlike attitude of Ilulluiid ; the iievcr-cndiiig furcc of the Iiondoii confer eiice ; a conclave of Uussian and Gernian gcncralB assciii- bled at Berlin ; in short, the whole eombinatioii of cTents which ogitute Europe, wounding in every quarter our sympathies and our interests ; all these things began to make the most indilferent feel that the cabinet of the Tuilcries had, to say the least of it, lost all solicitude for the welfare of France. Sueh was the state of things when that man died, who had been considered as the (lersonification of the system of the l.'ttli of March. The principal underlings of M. Perier, looked njion the funeral of the president of the council as an excellent opportunity tor reviving lukewarm atfections, and all'ccliug an im|iosing manit'cstation of regret lor the loss of that minister, and of approbation for the jiolilical system of which they had constituted them- selves the inheritors. In consequence of which, the na- tional guards were ordered to attend as on duly at this funeral display ; and six thousand of tlie people employed in the different government ofliees, received orders to put on cra]K', and to conic and pour out their lamentations over the tdiub of the great man, on whom, during three days, the treasury journals had been lavishing their offi- cial panegyric. Nothing that could excite the curiosity of the idle of a groat capital, was negleclcd by the under- takers of tho juste milieu ; programmes describing the route of the iiroccssion, the number and the places of the civil and military bodies which wero to acconqiany it, were distributed profusely in every quarter of Paris ; and the fineness of the weatlicr contributed to call out the people to witness this funeral solemnity. But neither the attractions of an imposing spectacle, nor the influence of a cloudless sky after a long winter, eoiild awaken in I the breasts of the siiectators an enthusiasm which the iTrors of the illustrious dead had smothered. The peo- j'le (I speak not of those of the government offices) were mute, and retired indilferent to tliat pomp, out of which t]':^ remains of tho cabinet of the 13th of March endea- voured by every means to extract excuses for all the taults, apologies for all the madness of the minister, whom death had just reduced to that nothingness from which, perhaps, it had been better for the honour and the repu- tation of his country that he had never been raised. A few days after, an irreparable loss threw the coun. iry into consternation, a national loss, an incalculable loss, of which the future will jicrhaps very soon disclose to us the whole extent. A brave man, who had been prodigal of his blood on twenty fields of battle, whose heart never thrilled but for that Franco whom he served with honour in all her vicissitudes of fortune ; one of the purest ornaments of the tribune and of the army ; a de- puty, who was as great on orator, as he was a skilful and faithful commander, Lamarque was no more ! Although it had been declared inevitable for several weeks before, this death produced in Paris the effect of a great and sudden cahimity. « » » On Tuesday morning, tho .5tli of Juno, the most per- fect quiet prevailed in every quarter of the capital, whcie nothing foreboded the sanguinary scenes wliicli were lo terminate this day. The sky was serene, and cvory thing announced that a fine sun would light up tho obsequies of the illustrious doad. From ten o'clock, numetous assemblages of citizens prococdod towards the buulovards and in tho diicction of tho neighbourhood of the house of mourning. These masses were compos- ed of Fronclimen of all classes, and principally of na- tional guards in uniform. Tho whole capital was aflbcted with a profound feeling of rejrrot, and appear- ed desirous to pay a last tribute to the mortal remaiiiH of a great citizen, who had liillon in the broach in de- fence of tho public liberties. At eleven o'clock, tiio body of the deceased was placed on a funeral car ; and, after soma little confusion, inseparable from all coronio. nies of this description, it proceeded on its way, drawn by patriots who contended ibr tho honour of bearing sucli n burden. It was a mngnificcnt spoelacle, to soo that multitude of Frenchmen and tbreigners moving along in one silent mass which exceeded far more than a league, shading tho cotliii of Lamarqiiu with Iwenty diflcrent banners, and joining in one common feeling uf reverence and sorrow in tho presence of the mortal re- mains ut' that faithful friend uf all freomen. The pro- ( ession moved un to the ciius of Five la Liherti! live liiifaye.tte ! ' shall say little of the incidents which occurred be- fire the procession reached the Place do hi Bastille, where Lanmrquo was lo receive the last farewoll of his friends. Those incidents are confined to a brutal attack inudo by some town serjcants, u|ion a young man who was crying Vive la Lihette! and whom they wounded dangcrouHly. Those |iulice agents wore, liowevcr, savod fruiii the most inuuiiiont danger, by the eflurls of those en 11 '■■1 ed ^e .1 ■io a' L.\ WETI f AND IX>U1S PIllLII'I'K, 31 jcriiian generals aascni- e combination of ctentH ; in every quarter our i these things began to that the cabinet of the it, lost all solicitude for hen that man died, who nification oftlie syHtcm icipal underlings of iM. of the ])residint of the y for reviving lukewarm |>osing nianifistalion of r, and of approbation for y had constituted thcm- uence of which, the na- itlend as on duty at this ilof tlie people employed >s, received orders to jiiil out tlicir lamentations , on whom, during tlireo Doen lavishing tlieir offi- Duld excite the curiosity 1 neglected l)y the under- frranmico dcseribingthc her and the places of the were to accompany it, ry quarter of Paris ; and triliutcd to call out the solcnmity. But neither cctacle, nor the influence winter, ronld awaken in I cnthusiaHm which the d smothered. The pro- nrovcrnment offices) were Uiat pomp, out of which le 13th of March cndca- rnct excuses for all the ;ss of the minister, whom nothingness from which, the honour and the rcpu- 1 never been raised, able loss tlircw the coun- nal loss, an incalculable jrhaps very soon disclose avc man, who had been y fields of battle, whose France whom he served ies of fortune ; one of the 1 and of the armjf ; a do- ■, as he was a skilful and Iwas no more '. led inevitable for several ■d in Paris the effect of a » « • III of .Inne, the most per- ([nartor of the capital, .nguinary scenes which he sky was Bcreno, and ino sun would light up load. From ten o'clock, IS proceeded towards tho 11 of the neighbourhood se masses were compos- I and principally of na- |ie whole capital was of regret, and appoar- to the mortal remains lion in tho breach in de- U cloven o'clock, tho on a funeral car i and, laruble from all coronio- joded on its way, drawn tho honour of bearing lificent spectacle, to sou [and Ibroigners moving Ixcccded far more than Lamarqiio with Iwcniv one common fcoling of mco of the mortal ro- ll freemen. Tho pro- Vive la Liheile! I'm nls which occurred be- Place do hi Dastillc, Ithe last farewoll of his Vmcd to a brutal attack on a young man wlm j whom they wounded Is wore, however, saved Iby the eflurts of those I __,.....ii iirlillcry men who liavo just Ucn disbanded a ■acoiid lime. The unseasonable obstinacy of At. dc Fitz- teiies, ill rofusiiig to take olf his hat for a lew minutes t^ilo one hundred thousand of his lellow citizens were iiDiiKlratiiins of satisfaction, ipcak in his turn, advanced u short cxli iiipurf speech passing, hiireheaded, under his windows, gave rise also !• some niaiiifc'statiiins of resentment, which might have Spconic serious liiid not tlio iioblu duko thought better ose silence, by representing to them that on this asion, the love of liberty should be expressed by cf alone. * « ♦ « 3ut nothing yet announced the deplorable catastro- I which was preparing, and, though tliu route of the cession, as first arranged, could not be strictly obsorv- |it loiiehod the Place do la Bastille without either the which l!)ll ill lorienls.or some vexation occasioned Ithe attack ol' the town Serjeant, already incntioiied, ling had tlieelleetof diverliiig tho multitude from the pliiient of a sacred and |iatri>ilic duty. Tho hearse CMisscil the Place de la Bastille ; crowds of |>eo|ilR iv pressing towards the plutfurni, from which several elies were to lie delivered, and to which some national Irds and the pupils of the Polyteclmie school, Hushed heal, had hastened, and, in defiance of the orders of eominunder, had tbrmed themselves around it lo cct the cor|)Ke, the invalids hi'aring the military Jiiiii, and the oralors who were to siKMik, from the Bun; of the eager multitude. In imposing stillness reigned among the people; lint jls already pi'rceived that some men desirous of cre- ; a disturbance had mingled with them, and were taVDiiring to excite them in spite of the elltirts of (he onal guard anil I.amarque's friends to put them down. lerllieless silence ap|K'nred to lie restored tor ii while; 111 IMarsliiil Ciansel, in the name of the army, and M. :;iiin, ill lliat of tin.' t'hamher of Depulies, each de- il a speech wliieh was received with great ap- ;,.. • * « I. Pons de I'llerault, the Polish general l'iiiiiiski,tlie Vio licU well, and the Portuguese general Saldanlia, [ iiu iled lo pay a tribute of respect to the defender of cause, read successively some siRCches, which wore r. I ri\. Ill till »trnng< Lil'iy ■ ing requesli iw II I iilatform, am: l,.l I Mention of 111. .jple. 't-I • ■ -I'ot where the BaMiih lurmerly sIimmi iliat - suhliim memento of the revolution ol I7«t .il nunier ous assemblage of the [icople, \ ictors great wo* of 1630. He paid an enthusiast ie tribi lo the banner- not of the kings, but of the penplc of i .nd, Portugii. Spain, Italy, and (icrmany, which w>i over the i .lUi. of liiimarque, and which lie called ti liililr. ii of ..ii» tri-coloured flag. He finished by eiiln .iiiiig im mull tilde who heard him to n tire quietly, and not Kpuil Unit patriotic dai/. And, as some menlion had been made, us already staled, of conveying the corpse of Lainari|ue to the Pantheon, Lafayette earnestly enjoined the patrifits to res|)ect the vsishcs of the deceased, and the arrange- ineiils already made by his family. This exiiorlatioii met with a general assent ; the deputies retired ; and had this mournful ceremony terminaled there, a more; impos- ing, a more remarkable protest had never been made against a government and its system. A coiieurrcnrc of incidents quite unforeseen came opportunely to save \\\e. juste milieu. Among the banners of various colours which, after iho iiianner of Knglaud, were displayed in the proces- sion, there were two red Hags, wliieh, it may he ob- served, seems at least lo exclude the idea of premedi- tation. One of those flags, purchased, as is allirmed, during the march of Iho procession, had no inscription whatsoever. The other bore for its inolto, lAherli/ or death : which, in the early period of the revolution, signified only tii lire free, or die ; a motto which Louis Philippe, in his character of member of the jacobin club, must have long borne on tho buttons of his coat; but which, afterwards, under the reign of ter- ror, might have been rendered \ty Liberty! or I kill lliee ! The bonnet roi/g'f, the bloody cinblein of the terror- ism of 1793, appeared all at once in the midst of La- inarquo's funeral, bnt not before the coffin had reached tlie Place d'Austerlitz, that is, at the niomcnl ol finishing the obsequies. Out of what anarchist's, Carlist's, or doctrinaire's pocket did it issue 7 That is a point which solemn eii(|uiries, not contemplated by the de- clarers of a stale of siege, will soon disclose to France. However that might bo, this iinfortunalu scareeiow, fixed on one of tho red liags, was borne for some time amidst the astonished crowd. * » * » Whulever may come of tho enquiry now pending in llic tribunals, 1 do not hcsilale to affirm thai, on the part of the people, those deplorable events bear every mark of a fortuitous encounter, in which, under vari- ous impulses, some youths, some working men, and some national guards, engaged, but who, one hour bn- Ibre, had not the sliirhtest notion of an insurrection, and who never thought of striking a blow until they were attacked. Now, if it be admilled that of llic nine hundred persons, at the utmost, who were engag- ed In that unhappy conflict, one half, at least, consisted of those whom I hove just mentioned, it will by seen to what this vast and formidable plot in behalf of the revolutionary s-call'olds of 171).) really amounled j a plot lo put down which it was necessary to employ more troops than were on Iho field of Wagram or .Marengo. Tho appoaraiicfl of Konio troops of dragoons over- turning all in their way, had roused the anger of the people and destroyed the etfoct of Lafayello's exhorta- tions to preserve the peace. Then cries of: If^'e aie attacked! To arms! Nn more llourbons ! Vive la lie- puhliquc 1 resounded loudly, and u considerable number of citiznns, and of pupils of tho Polylechiiic school, drew up in lino, to form a rampart between the cavalry of the government and tho crowd of eilizeiis, men, women, and children, wedged togolhcr on the Place do la Bastille, lint, while this first squadron was kept in cheek, another issued upon the Boulevards, no doubt to place the procession between two fires. Then il was that Ihe first shots wore exchanged. My readers are acquainted with tho results of that first conflict, and the vicissitudes of the two days. But ill the midst of that confusion what had become of Laf.iycllo ^ Ho had proceeded towards the spot where his carriage was lo wait for him, niid not find- ing it, he and his son got into a hackney coach, from which llni people took tho horses, and would draw it Ihonisclvcs, notwilhstanding the efl'orts and earnest entreaties of Lafayello lo bo spared lliat species of British ovation, for which, in America as in Europe, and at every period of his life, lie alwayn evinced a ««rf •»W :< ' ■-y .11 1 »v«ri'i ii iin 1. :re 1 111 lie ip ol per It wet h'.ttever the only means lell of the i'io»d, and rs. aping Irniii tho ii's i.r afl'eelion wh eh were lavished li.e mean lime, the einiibal had eoiii- •ol where Iho eoHlii was; and a large IS had presenteil Iheniselves at tho ,oors ol l.al'ayelle's i arrnige, uUering cries expressive ,J' the gicatcst exasperation, and |n'aying the general ;o nihnv himself lo be eundueted tu the llotel-de-Ville. I.afayelte was rejei ling that pn.piis'.il, and conjuring Ibose men to keep the peace ; when this irroiip, in the midst of whieli, as it Is saiil, some agents of ihi' police were seen lo be very active, was separated liy a de- laelinKiilof dragoons. From that niomeiit the car- riage, turning 1u ihe right, in order lo reach the gene- ral's residence, was surrounded only by an assenililage of persons totally nneomiecteil ,vitli the conflict, and >ueli as on so many oilier occasions had gallicred lo- ircllier lo escorl the veteran of tho pecqilo's cause. Some cries of Vtrc la Jiepuhlitjue ! were inter- mingled with the cries of lire I.afai/ctte ! But it must not be forgotten that police agents would natu- rally insinuate llieinselves into that procession, in order lo give it another character. Besides, it was natural that those who wished a collision should remain on the Place de lu Bastille, where t!ic contest had ahcady commenced. It has been pretended, however, that Lafiiyette's train attempted to disarm a military post on its way. The fact is, that some voices having called out for tho post of La Madeleine lo be put under arms, tho olfieer on guard deemed il his duty to wait on the general for his orders, and to ofler him an escort; which Lafayette declined, showing him at the same time that he was surrounded by friends, and ad- vising him to return to his post which he did lo the great salisfaelion of every one. When they reached the general's residence, the good people who had ac- companied him retired peaceably, and without the least disturbance having occurred during this long journey, from the Place do la Bastille to the street d'Anjou Saint-Honore. Lal'uyette rea(;hed his house at half past six in tho evening, afllicted at the deplorable issue of a day which iiiiirht have ended so well. The resislance to the Iroojis was becoming general, but it wn.s impossible to foresee yet the eharacter which Ihij iVesh .struggle would as- sume. I'niil nine o'clock, the most conlradiclory reports \vi re brouijht him ; but the only certain tiict was that, in the ini|)etuosily of tl;< ir first impulse, four i.r live )mn- dred young men, divided into a great many ..-mall pla- toons, had taken iios.session, in an inslanl, of all tlie posts established t'roiii the bridge of Auslerlitz lo Ihe Bank of France. That circnnistanee proves two things, which explain the issue of those unhappy events ; the first, that there was no preiiiedilated plot ; for how can the idea bo admilled, of such a coinbinalion, sup|>orled by so small a nimiber ' the second, thai if a grealer niimber of citi- zens had taken |iart in the battle, the result might have been very difl'erenl. » • « On the .llli the king liad come from tho palace of Saint Cloud to the Tuileries, where the council of mi- nisters was sitliiiy coiislantly, no doubt in cxpeclalioii of having it announced to them that the obsequies of Lamari|ne had ended to the salisfai timi of every one. It was there that all the ini'asuies of suppression were arranged, and lliilher that the rural battalions cnniu as they passed, lo temper iheir country courage in Iho einliraees of royally. Tliern il was likewise that MM. Sonit and >Sebasliani proposed to place Paris in asluto of siege, at the time that fortunrr had not yet declared ill favour of the cabinet of Ihe l^lh of March, and that Ihe government was really in soino danuor; a proposal that was indignantly rejected, on the ground lliat a palernal governniont oiiylil not to place eight hundred Ihoiisand Frcnehnien out of the pale of the civil law, and treat its own capital like an enemy's town, oxcept when there is no longer any Ihiiig lo bo feared. As soon as Lafayette had entered his house, he be- came an object of llin most anxious solieitiide. In- terest and curiosity crowded his door. His friends and his enemies were tho more eager lo know what had become of him, as the most cuiilrailielory and sinister reports wcro circulated about him. Here, it was as- serted that the insurgcnls had taken and installed him at the IIolel-d.i-Ville ; there, that his body, pierced with several bayonet wounds, was borne, bleeding, through the streets of Paris, by republicans, calling the people to rcveiigo ; in other places, that the govern- moiit had arrested liiin, and thruwn him into tlic dun- geon ofVincennes. -'■71^ 82 I-AFAYETFE AND LoriS IMIIMPPE. !■• I: Nolliin<; of nil lliis \v;ih true. Lnlavtitlp, bcsr.i abrond, iind no dnnlil nt lioinP, l)y llio senilis iil' nviTv di'S(Ti|iliiiii lit' poliii', «iis ;il tli.il nil) Ml, 11- on iil jrroal oi'i'ii^iniis. rjiliii, firin, iiml iir«*();irf(I I'nr rvrry event. Bi'iii^' pliri'il utioiil his poison, 1 wus riialilcil. onre affaiii, to oliscrvc tlir l(!i'liii;rs wliiili aiiitaliMJ Ins mind uiulcr llicsc now and tryin;; (■iiciiiiisliiMri's, His wliolo soul was absorbed in iirlel'aiid indiL'nalion ; Ins lieart blod al the siirlit of I'Venrli blood tlowini; at the hands of KroncliintMi ; It heaved at the lhoiii,'lit llial the breach of faith and the fatal blindness of the j;o- vornincnt, had called down thnso fresii calamities, and armed the combatants and the throne of .Inly airaiiist each other. But if Lafayette deprecated the faults of the government, he deplored and censured with equal severity the serious criminality and imprudent rashness of the young nion who souj,'ht that redress of grievan- ces in revolt and violence, for which they should only liavo looked to lime, the laws, and the regular opera- lion of llie Chamber and the press. iMeanwhilo Iho conllict was prolonged, the reports of the musketry continued, and llie deepest j;rief was depicted on Lafayette's countenance, lietwcen seven and eight o'clock several patriots, and a considerable number of deputies, came snccessively and pressed around him, to ask him what could or ought lo be done, lo put an end to the calamities which desolated the capital, and lo those yet greater evils with which it was threatened Hut the lime was past when the patriotism of Lafayette could interpose cH'eclually be- tween the people and the throno of July, i'or several months past ho had acquired the painl'ul certainty that that throno was no longer accessible lo persuasion. In this stale of things, it was agreed that the oppo- sition deputies, then at I'aris, should repair in the even- ing to M. Lallitle's, in order to concert there the mea- sures lo bo taken for putting a speedy end to the calamities which that day had brought on. The meet- ing was verbally appointed for nine o'clock ; but as all regular means for convoking it were impossible, and as, besides, events had taken every one from his home, between twenty and thirty members only could be as- sembled. They consisted, among others, of M.M. Lallitte, Cabet, Ijafnyetlc, George Lafayette, iMauguin, &C.&C. » • * * » . The debate turned upon the most proper means for stopping the effusion of blood, and iniliicing the victor lo make a moderate use of his victory, considering that he had at least a great share in occasioning the conflict. Two expedients were projiosed : an address and a de- putaition to the king. They were each canvassed. I.al'ayctte agreed to neither the one nor the other ; first, because he was convinced, ho said, by c.\|)erience, of their total inutility ; and secondly, because, if every thing was ut an end, as was alllrnied, it would ill be- come the national opposition to take such a step after the event, especially when it was certain that the e issue dniibifiil. 'I'liirly tliiiiis.iiid reL'iilur troops of :ill deseriptiiiiis, lit'iy lliunsanil natemiil ijuards, and a I'oriniilabic train of artillery, assenililed under the coin- inand of a marshal of Franc'c, to subdue seven or eiglit hundred young men with scarcely any arms, had IVoin daybreak left no longer any cliauco of success for the iiisiirreetiou. .Matters were at this point when, on the 6tli, at len in llie inorning, the opposition deputies repaired attain lo M. Lallitle's. There were present, Lafayetie, (Miirge Lafayelte, Odilon-Harrot, .Mauguin, itc. The sending of an address and ailepulaiion was still agitated. L'pon Ihe snbjeclof the Iwoqncslionsoflhe address aiidihe dc. putalion to the king, Lafayette repeated Ihe arguments he iiad used on the preceding evening, and then he n'- lired, as did also si^veral of his colleagues, before any determination had beim come to. However, the mem- bers who remained, decided on adopting the idea of a personal application to tlu! king, and for that purpose appointed MM. LalTilte, Odilon-Birrot, and AraL'o. It was four o'clock. Louis I'liilippe had jnst re- turned from riding through some of the streets of I'aris. Now, I'reiichinen never remain unmoved al seeing a king on horseback inhaling the smoke of gun- powder. The national guard, which had really burnt some priming, and left some dead bodies on the ground, was proud of its first triumph; commerce and pro|ierty, which had looked upon themselves as delivered over to all the iVenzics of jacobinism, and slill ilrcamcd of nothing but scatVolds and bounds rnitir,s, were over- joyed at seeing the spectre of 171)3 vanquished, and anarchy in fetters. In one word, enthusiasm was on the side of llio safety of properly ; humanity and liberty were silent. Therefore, the royal train, taking its airing lo the expiring reports of the musketry, aiul ap- pearing as the precursor of a calm in Ihe midst of a storm which might have overturned every thing, was received with acclamations. Now those acclamations, the real cause of which w.ts not considcr.^d, must naturally have produced a feeling of exultation and security, little favourable lo the success of the mission of M.M. Lalfittc, liarrot, and Arago. These honourable citizens were, however, received with visible satisfaction by the crowd of aides-de-camp and olhcers on duly, that filled the saloon of the pal- ace, and who appeared more grieved at the blood of their brethren lliat was spilling, than vain of an in- glorious victory : this justice it is gratifying to rcii('';r them. The Ihreo deputies were introduced immediately into the bed chamber of Louis the XVIIL, converted, by llie uorkmen of , July, into the study of Louis I'hilippe. The lalter presently repaired lo It through a door which communicated with Iho queen's apartments. The demeanour and countenance of the king were calm, his address easy, indicating not the slightest alarm, and expressing none of those anxieties of nund which circumstances might have juslilied. His Ma- jesty received the three patriots politely ; ho told ihem that he was very glad lo see them, that the opposition could have chosen no mediators more agreeable lo him j and, after inviting them lo be sealed, and placing him- self lieforo his writing table, ho signified his readiness to listen lo them. M. Odilon-Harrot spoke first ; and ended with en- treating the king to slop Iho etViision of blood which was yet flowing, and to silence the cannon, the roar of which was then resnunding even in his royal residence ; lobe merciful lo the vaii(|uished, and lo prevent fresh disturbances, by a prompt and cordial return lo the principles upon which the ruvululioii had established the dynasty. The king auswr^red that, being audaciously attacked by his enemies, he was jiistifii'd in defending himself; that it was high lime to curb revolt, and that ho eni- plnyed cannon only to jmt il down the ijiiirkvr ; Ihat he iiad, however, rejccleii the proposal which had been made him of placing the city of I'atis in a state of siege; that as lo the pretended engagements at the llotel-de-Ville, and those republican institutions about which the Opposition made so much noise, ho did not know what all that meant; that ho had more than fiil- lilled ihn promises ho had made, and had given Franco as many and more republican institutions than ho had promised her; that the prograinmo of the Hotel.de- Villn had never existed except in the brain of iM. La- liiyelle, whose incessant demands on that head wrri' videiilly the effect of some mistake; ihat as to the ysleiii called llialof Ihe l.llh "f .March, it was wroier • 1 .iserilie Ihe credit 'jl' il to .^^ I'ener, fur that syslem w as lliL» king's, it was the effect 'if his own convictions, ihe result of his own redectinns, and Ihe expression of his policins of policy and gcverninent ; thai he, Louis- l'hilip|ic, had consented to lake the crown only on tin- ondilions indicaled by Ihe developement of that sy<. loiii, the most conforiiiable to the wisliis and the wans f France, and from which he would not deviate, ttei' r rvcii limtjnl in a viorlar, " And now, gentlenien, added the king, " Ihe point is, nolle utter vague acm ations, but lo slate prcei.icly iho complaints you ba.i, to make against llio I'erier system, of which pi ur I'lrier was assuredly quite innocent. With what liav have you to charge that system? Let us hear." M. Arago replied by a rapid and animated statenioi! of the divisions which were tearing France lo pieces, and which the policy of the government nourished with an ilinosl scrupulous care ; \iv. sjioke of hia own fantilv divided by political opinions ; he cited his brother and his nephew who were perhaps, al that very momenl, ready lo lake each other's life in conflicting ranks: and ill oioer to characteriso Ihe situation of things hj- an example, he adverted lo the times of the Leagiip, when D'.Villy, under Henry IV'., slaughtered his own son in the streets of Paris. M. Arago then spoke n; all the public employments being given to the partisans of the fallen regime, the indulgence shown to the Carli.t machinations, the bitter persecution of the discarded nun and press of .Inly, and the displeasure inanifcslrd throughout France, at the apparent impunity enjoyed bv the Duchess of Berri. Al these words, Louis Philippe exclaimed that lii< government had no enemies but llio Carlisls and repub- licans ; that the prejudices that had been just mcntionoc to liiin, were only the result of their contrivances; thai he was accused of avarice, lie, who had never had ant value for money ; that his best intentions were niisif. presented, lo such a degree that, for a long time past, ho could read neither the Triliune nor the National: that his filthier, icAo was the best citizen of France, hat been calumniated like himself, and urged to give thi Revolution a snngninari/ pledge which lie ought lo liavi refused it; that the exactions of the two rcvolutiom were alike untenable ; that lie, Louis Philippe, was mi obstinate, and that ho proved il when, after long resi.'l ing, he Ind committed the error of giving way to popn lar tnmnlt, by effacing, from the pediments of his |)s, lace, and from the armorial bearings of his house, tin Jleiir-dc-lis, which had, in all times, been borne by liii family. As for the representalions relative to the Duchess i Berri, Louis Philippe declared thai, if that princes' were arrested, justice should take its course; but tlia: happen what might, his reign should witness no sangn nail/ drama. Al that instant, the report of the caniio: of .Saint .Merry shook the windows of the palace. On rising, M. LalVille told the king that he retiroi filled with the greatest grief; that he supplicated him: compare the cntnusiasm his presence excited formeili with the elVcct which it now produced; that thai cIiiuil' allcslcd that something was deeply \yrong ; and that i, implored his majesty to ask himself whether a kiiiffi I'raiico, who needs fitly thousand men to guard liiiii. , really a king of I'raiice. 8iicli, in suhslancr, was that conversation, which w. leave dcc)i traces not soon lo be effaced. * * What is to be concluded from all that has gone t> fiire' I hasten to declare it. That both sy.stem and iii nistry bear upon their t'ront the marks of dccomposili": and the sign of certain death; that Lafayette is still If highest and purest personification of the revolution .luly; tliat he has shared all the vicissitudes of libtr; betrayed; and that he will share her trhimph, when t fjiisodi' being terminated, the hislnry shall be resunieil But what is to he Ihe duration of that episode ? Tl, of a sitiialion, which, by its very nature, is doomed to: ephemeral. Hest ruction dwells in the tlioughls of I: Hlh of ,\ngnsl ; lili^ and |)crf'ectibility, in the iimnor. principle ol'llie Holel-de-Ville. LkT us await the Jl'DCME.NT OF GoD ! The ensuing immhcr will contain two tales liy t i author of " The Subaltern" — The Gentle Recruit, « Saratoga. ] That both system and in Iho marks of ileeoinposili'i! 1; that Iialiiyette is still tt Ication of the revolulinn II the vicissitudes of liber liare her triumph, when 1' T history shall he rcsumeil. |ioii of Ihat episode ? Tli: lory nature, is doomed to; I'lls in the thoughts of I: ectihility, in the iininor. li'DGMEST OF God ! contain two lalti by t -The Gentle Recruit, « wiimBiffi^o ^^mm®^ oim^wm^.^'3^im mimmMww^ rOL. I. PIIILADELIMIIA, JANIIARY 29, 183a, XO. 3. fKiNTrii »»n l'i'«i.i»iiEn uy AI'AM WAI.DIK, No. 9, North Kioiitii Strekt, I'miuadblpiih— At $rt inr .'.2 niinihiti, pnyiMi' in .ulvaiiri'. U. A pement of the riches they were fitted to convey, ly almost be said to have determined both the time tho place of the invention of the steamboat ! So in inting ; " it too may be said to have come at tho bid. ig m increased curiosity and intelligence." But in ling a surrey of the immense territorial expanse of Bse state.", we might ask, what avails a book manufae- in Philadelphia to a reader of Mississippi ? For all liable purposes of gratifying a literary tasio by the Ky receipt of new books, a Mississippian, till the in- 'i*n (for we are decided in calling it an invention) of mode of circulating entire books, was twice as far im Philadelphia or New York as we arc from London Paris — in other words, the delays of land and water rriage, to say nothing of the folder, stitcher, and hind- would cft'ectually debar an inhabitant beyond the ississippi from the receipt of a new book from this city, tlic lowest calculation, for two montlu ! and in the me proportion to any intermediate distance. The de- md for hooks, for which schools and periodicals huve ved the way, could no longer submit to these delays, hicli in literature were as vexatious to tho reader, as the iling and warping system of transportation from New rieans was to the merchant of Louisville or St. Louis. the bidding of increased curiosity and intelligence, ! present mode of publication has been devised, some the advantages of which it is our present purpose to vcstigatc. One of the grcai objects to which the " Library" as- rea, is to furnish good books to the body of intelligent id industrious population, " to bo received at tijcir >mcs, «nd read for instruction and recreation in their )urs of leisure. To pour the stream of knowledge |to tho little channels which lead to every firoside, and insinuating a tasto for what some ono has called 10 most innocont and lasting of our pleasures,' to im- rt a new charm and a new attraction to that congrcga- m of sccuru and blossod enjoyments which vi'c call )ME." I The same distinguished individual from whom wc NEW SKRIES — >i have ojrcady quoted, when speaking of the Library Com. |)any of Philadelphia, remvks ;• — " yet witii all the ad- ditional sources of supply, Franklin's Library has now upwards of eight hundred shareholders — supposing each of the shareholders at all times t;) have out a volume, and to keep it two weeks, it will bo perceived that he will have tho reading of twenty-si.t volumes in the courso of tho year. The advantage, however, is not limited to the sharcholdors. There may be two or three in each family who read tho books taken from the Li- brary, thus extending its direct uso to more than two thousand persons. And certainly nothing can be cheaper. The cost to a shareholder, allowing interest upon the capital invested in a share, is six dollars and forty cents a year ; so that for less than two cents a day, a man and his family may be constantly Fupplicd with books. * • There is not the smallest doubt that such a library must have had, and must continue to have, a powerful influ- ence upon the character of the city, and have acted effectively in promoting the diffusion of knowledge." Following out this idea in relation to tho present pub- lication, it will not be deemed irrelevant to make the same calculation respecting tho " Select Circulating Library," which for a coil and a half a day, postage included, will supply a duodecimo book every week to a man and his family, uii book docs not offer of tho required eharoctcr, he will extend his research among the numerous v.orks which he hos already with- in his reach, besides what may be afforded by his regu- lar importations from Europ* ; keeping in view to eater for his readers works which have not, by the number of reprints, become familiar to the majority. This field is so ample that he hopes to furnish as good matter at least, as is issued from other presses — that it will rarely be the same as htm bt^cn previously sold by American booksellers, he veiilures to believe will prove o decidedly valuable feature in the " Circulating Library," in which the editions are now so large as to make it imjierativc on him to use duo diligence in furnishing good and wholesome aliment. In conclusion, vvc must ask from our reader.^ some in- dulgence, if, in the prosecution of a task not without its difficultien, the t-ostcs of all are not gratified, in every in- stance, by our selections — hoping, from our increased facilities and resources, srenciuUy to suit every palate. Philadelphia Library Rooms, Jan. 28/A, 1833. * An aildrets dellvorrd st llio request of iko .Appmtices' Library Company ofrhllailclphlSi in Hovcmbvr 163^, by John Skruiiant, Uh. D., Pruaidentof the Instiimloii. »j,* The ptiblisher respectfully suggests to his present numerous subscribers who have thus fiir been pleased with the " Iiibrary," that a good word spoken seasonably to their friends might materially aid tho interests of the work, and increare the circulation to an extent which will enable him to add every additional valuable feature to tho publication which time and experience may suggest. The first thirteen numbers arc entirely ex- hausted, but a neio s«i if J, No. 1. was commenced with Sarrans' Memoirs, from which new subsciibcrs may de- ix!nd on being supplied. The works contemplated to be published arc numerous, and of the highest literary character. For the flattering encouragement given to the publication he returns his unfeigned acknowledgments. 31 Tin; (;rntle iiEfRriT. . »r P.V TIIF AI!TIIOR or « Till'; SrHVI/rFRN." IFp flint ((Mllives ittis iliiv. niid r(Hn''^ ^nfi' linrnc, Will fil.liitl nil liiiloi: v\ lii'ii llii^ ilii\ is iiHiiK'il : Olil MiPii lnrai'l»c yrr iill -hnli ll" HiVl'!'!, Itiu ti<> II iriiii'iiilii-i Willi ;iarnnce oni^ morning; in my ipiiibrs, to aimoimei that a yonnji man w.is wailiii:,' in the onlcrly room for • he piir|Mise of heinjj enlisted. As I li.i|i{ii'iied at the moment to lio in temporary eommind ot' the battalion. Mild knew that it was kept iit homennly lilt its establi. h- jnent shonid be eoiiipliie, you will ri adily b< lie\i that I received this eommnnieatioM with ennaiderabli' ^atisl'ae- lion, whieh was the niore lively lieeause of the serjri'ant's reiter.tlu) assnranees, thai to the pi ison and ipiaJiliea- tiona of the recruit no objrelion wmdil be oil! red. " He is ns clever a l.ul," s.iid tht onlirly, " as evir placed himself under the kind's .staiidaiil, — tall, eriet, well built, ami ipiiti' ;,'entfel, — indeed lie hsiks us if he liad lieen drilled it year or so already ; and will, unless iip|icaraiie<« be very diceitful, mukuan e\lronit.'ly miiart roldiei." 'i'hnr was iniieli of promise in this description, and I knew him that u.ivu it too well, to ipii'slion its vurisimi- (itiidc ; so I hurried olV in the firin eon\ietioii that a prize was u itiiiii my i;rasp, iind ipiite picpireil to re- ceive, nlinost without examiiiatiun, this aspirant aOi r military distinction into tlie ranks. That the sorceanl had not overrated the |K'rsoiial ipmli. liet of the Volunteer, a sinifle (rianee sull'iced to convince me. When I entered the orderly room, I behelil liefore me a youth, apparently not more tha' i^rhieen or nineteen yearn of aife, whii'^' appeuranee, niamier, and (.oniral addrcM, dilVered totally from those of the class of |Hr- tains from ainonir whom the rank* of our iirmv are usually tilled up. lliu featilics were not merely regular, but Hurpussiiiirly Is'iiiilifiil; his tiuiire tall nnd slender, liiil ottnitrably pro|)Knnilily the youth niijrht have fled from school or collc;;e in dis^xnisi' ; tiiat his friends or jjuardians mi;;"lil, ;;l this very moment, Ih' makinir a scari^h allcr him ; and hence, that toindulire hiswhim miirht involve not himsetfoiily, but olliers, in taslinn- misery. I aecordinir- ly dclermined to enipiire a little into his circumstances, picvioHsto my cvaminaliiin of hin\ as a recruit; and Islii vin^r that be would Is' more <'asily ]iersuaded to sisak out Hcrr there no third parly present at the con lerenec, 1 ordered the scrjicant to withdraw. It very soon ap|>i'arc(l, that for such a proceeding on my part the youn^' man had not Ih'cu unprepared. He sMiiled hillerly as the sergeant closed the door, and drawinjr himself up to his t'ull heiirht, stood like one II ally to answer no more interrojratories than his own {ud;.riiieiit niiirht dielatc. Nor did tlie altitude belie his lH'lia\iour: to all my ipicstions, as to whence he came, where he was iHirii, who were his connections, why lie had chos( n the life of a soldier, &.e. he replied in one strain, and in one only ; in other words, he cither save no answer at nil. inliiients, nor awknaidncss in his positions; and that lie executed his morements not merciv with alertness, but, as il si'emed, with enlhusias- lic alacrity. In like iiianiicr, his deportment towards his sn|H riurs was uniformly correct, Dvcry iiiark uf ill fercnec to whii b their rank entitled them, he s'crnpu- loush' Is'stowi-d ; nor was il [Missible t'ur the most t'asli' dioiis. in this ct at least, to find fault with him ; vet llure was oi, .dl such occasions an air of leservv or /iiii/^ III iilxiut him, of which he wna cither wholly iin- eoii'cii iis, or w liieh he attempled nut to suppress. In touching liis cap to an otlicer for example, or in address, ing a sergeant on some |H>int of duty, .l.icksoii always eontriveil to make the individual saluted aware, that tfi>' salute was granted, not to his |N'rson, but to his olliee ; whilst ofthat readiness to ingrntiale himself into the good graces of (hose set over him, w liich in most eases distill- guislii s the young soldier, he wastotally wanting. So far, indeed, wiis hi' from courting nntie«', that he ledidoiisly Hhuniied it, never voluntarily coming in (he way even of bis coniiuaniling oiriccr, lest he might lie rei|uired to pi rloriii some ofllec, or execute some eonilliissioii, not strictly wflhin (he line of niilKary duty. If such was the line uf .laekkon's condiiet towanlo liis su|H'rinrs, yon w ill not lie surprised to learn, that among his fellow privatin he nppeaiid still moje reserved and more haiiglity. Of rudeness or o]ien incivility, in tliu strict sense of those terms, it is true that he could iiol I'airly lie aeciised; that is to say, he readily answrnil the salutations of siieb as spoke to him, and never n- fused to do to any an act of kindness as often as an op. portunity otVcrcd ; but he shunned the society of his fil. low soldiers generally, as far as it was practicable so to do, and made a friend and associate of none. Numerous ami frequent were the advances made to him withoui efl'cet, not only among the private soldiers, but arnorif the non-coinmissioncd ofliccrs. The pay-sergi^ant of hi>i company ofl'cred to share bis quarters with him ; Jack, son thanked him t'or the ofl'cr, but declined it: — even tlic sergeant-major so far lorgot the dignity of his station, as to throw out hints of his desire to cultivate the ro. eruit's aci|uainlance. .laekson took care not openly or eontcmptnously to spurn the pro|K)Scd intimacy, but lie avoided it. In this manner, though one of a body of eight hnii. drcd men, he lived akine. Ills walks, when he took any, were by lonely paths and unfrequented lanes. He nevir enti'red the town except on duty; indeed he generally con- lined himself to the barrack yard, or to the Hcldsimmcdi. ately adjoining. On iiooccasioii was he known to take pan in the sisirts or games |mrsucd by his comrades. Thonirli fleit as a reindeer, races were run day after day with, out his standing forward as a candidate for the prizo ; the racket court and cricket field were equally neglcii. ed ; and of the canteen, il was said that ho never beheld the interior except once, wheB, being on guard, lie form, ed one of a party sent to clear it. In short, ho continiinl to Ih^ what he said he was when he first came amon^ m. — a solitary iK'ing, holding no intercourse, nor eneourni;. ing any commmiity of licling with those abot'^ him. Kv< ry one who knows of what materials the gencrj. lity of Rritish regiments are composed, will understand, that a character such as 1 have just deserilied is not very likely to he a favourite in his corps. The ^irivatcs, sc ing all their elforts to insinuate themselves into his gomi graces fail, soon began to entertain lor Jackson an ex- treme aversion. Tlie idea that he was by birth a gen tienian, which had operated lor a short tune in his l» vour, was now entertained as an adequate reason why he should be made the subject of personal hnstiUty ; and the nickname of " ficntlc .laekson," which haiilit firil been Is-slowed upon him in pity, was soon eniploybd ai an epithet of derision. Kiide jokes wcrepractised at li^ expense. His privacy was wantonly and continually broken In u|)on ; his air, manner of walking, and forn, of s|M'ecli were miinickcd, and (he most ribalil conversi- lion was invariably broaelicd as often as he came witliiii hearing. I'lvcn the non-coinmissioned ofliccrs were iin backward in their i iVorts to annoy, — or, as they eliopi to term it, to hunible the pride of this flue gentleman. When il came to .laekson's turn to cook the dinners, oi sweep out (he room, the greatest exactness was required and the most minute failing rigorously rebuked ; wliilfi on more than one occasion, tasks were imposed upon him, such as he was not called upon by his routine of iluly to perform. All (his the young gentleman lion "iili extraordinary ei|uaiiimity and endurance. Of tin rude s|H'ecbcs of his comrades he took no notice. Wlini he saw himself dogged or watched, he would retire t his quarters; and (lie attempts at niimiekry in whir* those alsiut him indulged, he either did not understand or he despised (hem. So it was in his dealings with tin non-eonmiissloncd ofliccrs. He perliirmcd his task' with so much diligence, .iiid was always so exact, (lia; (he opportuiiities presented (o them of venting thin spleen were rare; and when they did vent it in oaths w execrations, be made as if he iicaril them not. (hut and only oiiie, he ventured to rcmoiistiate against tin iiijnsliei' of (heir proceedings. Having Xwrn ordered m liiligue, when the iluty to bu discharged liap|)ened to In |seuliarly disgusting, he reniindcd the sergeant win gave the order, that he had taken his turn only (he ilai iK'tiirc, and that, (hough he certainly would not refuse i do as he was d sired, the |H'tty tyrant might rely u|nii a »tatemcut of the ciisc *«'ing laid iM'forc (he eominninl ' ing otlicer. Jackson's (hreal was no( (lirowii away n|ii» the iiidiiidual to whom i( was addressed. The yoiiin' man escaped an ofllec of which he could no( think with out loalhliigi bill he made ."^rgeniit Tompkins IVoin tlm tiiiio forth his iinplacablu enemy. I am sorry (o say that it is not among tlio privotn and non.i'ommissloncd ofl'iccrs only, that a gcntlemnii i> the ranks is apt to Is- regarded with an eye of disfavum The habits of military ilisciprmc are for fVom lieing n accordance with the turn of mind which leads n ninnv aiithorily to look with forlsarsnce upon the aliscncc i srn incivility, iu tlin true tlmt lie could not I', lie rcnilily nnswrrdi to liliii, and never r<- dncBK nn often an nn o|)- d the society of lii» iel- it was praetienblc so to iate of none. NHniern\ia made to liiiii witlioul lie soldiers, but nmoni: The pay-serpeiint of lii» iiarters with him ; .taek. ut declined it : — even the V. dignity of his station, sire to cultivnte the ro. took care not openly or rosed intimacy, but he of a body of eight huu- walks, when he look any, i|uented lanes. He never ; indeed he generally con- il, or to the fields immcili. was he known totakcpiirt liy his comrades, 'rhoiiu'li fun day after day with, candidate for the prize; eld were equally negleil. said that he never beheld iH'iiig on guard, he form, it. In short, he conliniuil n he first came among u», intercourse, nor encourog. with those aboe'. him. hat materials the gener.1 lomposed, will understniiii, • justdescrilH'd is not vtry corps. The (irivates, K<- e themselves into his good irtain for Jackson an e\ t hi) was by birlli a pcii r a short timu in his I* s nn adciiunic reason wliv of personal hostiUjy ; niid ad ul li tv, was soon emplo^'d at kson," which hndal lini Uty,— absolute, unmitigated servility, — in the general Aimer of a private .soldier, soiiie reason, tin' rever.se of toiiralilc to the person aft'ectid, rarely fails to !«• diseo- ked. The soldier who is not ready to tly at the iieck [his officer — who apjiears not to covet the lionour of tviiig liim in any c.ipaeity and under any eireuni- jinres, may loo often lay his aceoimt with Iniiig put ■wn as a s ilky and ill-conditioned scoundrel ; and bow- er meritorious his conduct may Ik; in inatteis piirely pfessional, that will hardly make amends for a fault, t which tho [lersqnal vanity of a superior is wounded. • be it from me to insinuate tli.it this is always the ! ; I only atfirm that it occurs too frei|uen1ly, iiiid that ,1 almost unavoidably r)ccasioned by thi' nature of tlio.sc finctioiis which military discipline engenders, lie this Urcver as it may, one thing is quite certain, that in the fMpc of Jackson, ibis disposition began gradually to show ij^lf; and that of those who either did t'eel, or preteiidi'd wl for his situation when he enlisted, several, before fiist month of his service expired, viewed him with usU'. or An extremely saucy follow, that gentle recruit of OTTs," said one. " He will go a mile out of his way at MHr time to avoid saluting an olHeer ; and when he can- ^It escape tliat degradation, one might fancy that he was lipeiving a mark of recognition from a superior." t|"Thc scoundrel looks always as if he considered him. If made of dilfercnt clay from those about him," saiil other. "What business lio^ such a fine gentleiuan in I ranks I" j" I am continually receiving comiilaints of his ill.lm- pur and pride," remarked the adjutant ; " but the tillnw I clean and orderly soldier too ; and though they speak linst him often enough in general terms, no oin' serins I or willing to condescend upon particulars." rhuB were men's minds griidiially alienated from a llth, to whose charge, as the adjutant justly saiil, no Inite accusation could be laid ; till at last there a|ipear- iBoiiiething like a positive wish to catch the otfensive lividual tripping. Jackson, however, a|)|M-ared noi Iro proud than cautious. He was scrupulously ntteii- I to every duty ; nor was it till after his patience lind 1 tried beyond the power of human endurance, that shadow of an accusation could he brought against jokes werepracti.H'd at lib [vantnnly and continuullv flier of "walking, and forn, 1 the most ribalil convcrst- Is often as he came witliiii lissioned otlieers were iv,\ nnoy,— or, as they ehiiK • of" this fine gentlem«ii, ■n to cook the dinners, oi I'st exactness was requirod gorously rebuked ; wliiln lisks were imposed upun d upon by his routine n' Voung gentleman bon and endurance, t 'f lli' he took no notice. Wlini iched, he would retire t. H nt niimiekry in wliiifc I'ither did not "underHlniiil |s in his dealings with lli. le pertlirmed his lasli' as iilwnys so exact, tlia; I them of venting tlini V did vciit it ill oulhs w heard them not. Ona remonstiale against tin Having been ordered m Iseharged lmp|M'ned to l» |iniled the sergeant win ■n his turn only the dm linly wiinld not refuse |. tvriliil might rely u|«'i lid iM'fore the eoiiiniiiinl L not thrown away U|im addressed. The yoni'l Ihe ennlil not think wllli nut Tompkins IVom tlm I not *monK ll'" pf'val* Inly, that a gciillemuM ii \itli all eye of disfavniu are for ftom iM'iiig i> lid which leads n ninau u|Hiii Ihe alwi'iiee i ll, wherulliefO is not "i ("HAl'TKU H. [ have said that Jackson, by venljiriiig to remonstrate )insl an unjust exercise of (lower on the part ol'a ser- nt, incurred thi; fullestexteiit of that inrsou's iiiiplaca- Jiostility. It unfortunately hap|icned that Sergeant jipkiiis, the irritated olIieialjIh'aB puy-sergeant of the ■puny to ivliieh Jackson belongeil; and of the inllu- I which the pay-sergeant |H>ssesses with the captain btlicer iu coiiimaiid, all who know any thing of the loins of the service must be aware. The whole of inllueiiee was, on tin; present oieasiou, exiitiil to brcss Jacksuii'M captain with an nutavoiirahli' opinion he recruit A thousand groundless eoinplainls were jlc of him, as that he was mutinous, ilisiirderly, unso. |, and im|M!rlinent ; hii was represented as an artful dangerous liy|Hicrilo — one who tisik every oppor- iity of |Kiisoiiing tho minds of his comrades, at the ji«' time that he aft'eeted to kfep aloof from them — and [whiiin no gootl emild possibly lie exp'iled, till his Hid spirit should have Imhii thoroughly broken. Cap. Fletcher, the indiviihial to whom these reports wen ried, chanced to Is'long to that class of |Heioiis lliiit lie did mil iiieril, whilst his luiurs in (|iiarli rs hei aiiie, Infore long, such as even lie, palieiil as lie was, ecuilil with dilliciilty eiiihire. Hillieilo the allaeks imiiie upon liiiii were iiieiely those of speech and gesture ; now, bow- ever, that he w.is known to liuldameaii place in his enp- luiii's favour, practical jokes were iiicliili;i'd in : Ids iie- eoiitreiiieiits were no sooner cleaned, and placed in order for inspeelion, than some aceideiil or other Ik fill tlieiii ; and he was compe'led to go tliroiigb the whole iiroeess of ])i|)e clay and black ball ovi'r and over again. Tliis occurred repeatedly, without his being able to fix the blame U|Kin any individual; and he knew the temper ol' those about him too well to complain of all or any in ge- neral teriiis. Ilul nn opportmiily presiiileil itself at last of bringing the matter home to the guilty, and Jaeksmi only failed in taking adeipiate iidvaiilage ol'il, through a sudden impulse of passinn, whi<'li he had uiiiple re,l^nn afterwards to lament. Jaek.ioii, who had been orilereil tiir guard over night, paid, as is cnsloinaiy, more than usual atteiilion to the furbishing of liis aeeoiilroiiieiils : bis liells were while as tin; drilVeil snow, liis^iieast-|ilate shone like tlie sun at noon-day, and Day hiiiisi If, even thniigli assisted by his partner .Martin, would have lliilid in adding any thing lo the glossy blaekiuss of his pouch and slims, livery butlon on his jacket reei ived ils liill portion of scrubbing, and pack, great-eoaf, cap, and ha- versack, had I'ach been duly atteiuled to. This iloiie, the young man placed tlieni all in their proper silii'ilioiis, and strolled out into llie liehl bei'ind the barrack yard, liir the piirpi se of wliiliiig iiw.iy Ilie time till tattoo. Whetlur lie had overheard some plot among his comrades, or snspeeted from other causes tlial there was a disposition to do liiiii wrong, I eanimt sity ; h;il he had not sat many iiiinntcs in his t'.ivoiirite corner, before hi; ex|M'rien(:ed nil irrisistilile inelinalion lo ii'- liirn. lie obeyed il, and entering the barrack room, In - held a spectacle which stirred up his eholer Is'yond the control of reason. Vive or six persons, Hinong whom Sergeant Tompkins stood conspicuous, were in the act of ilfaeing I'Very trace of his evening's indnslry. His belts were already stained with grease spots, his poneli was diinnied and delileil. and his llreloeh itsi If had not cscapeil the pollnling touch of these iiiisen ants, .lai li- son's temper, which had stood many previous trials, gave way at last. He sprung llirward, and eonlVonling the surgeant, wliili.' iu tlie act ot* pnlting a fini>.iruig hand to his unworthy o|icrations, struck him to llie gronnd willi one blow of his list. All was now confusion and uproar. Tlu; sergeant rising tVoiii Ihe floor, called upon tlio.M' near to assist in arresting n criminal, who, by lliis act of iles- [N'rati mutiny, had iiieurred the si vere.^t penalties of martial law ; whilst Jackson, worki'd up to a pilch ol'ali- sohile fren/y, dared any inan to lay upon liiin so iniieli as a finger. I'or a moineni, the soldiers hiiiig back,-' lor ItitM'e were a wilduess ami desperation iu the young man's rye, which bespoke him iiflerly reckless of eon.«e. ipieneos; but it was only for a inoinenl. They nisliid ill upon him — he made a grasp nf his bayonet, but I'ailid in seeiirini: il ; and tlieu, after a fruitless struggle, n hieli lasted scarcely a sei unil, lie was borne lo the e'rtli. In the mean while news renelied llie mess. room that iheri was n tinniill in the men's aparlnieiil. The captain ol' Ihe day, as fortune would have it no oilier than Khlelier, rushed to the spot, where he arrived just ns the men ol his company had secured the hands of Jackson, nnd weri' preparing to drng him Istiire Ihe eoinniMiiding ollieer. "('iiptain Kbleher," exelaiineil the despiralo man, speaking with grrat rnpidily, and under the inllueiiee ol violent exeilement, " I demand justice even from you. I.oiik here, sir! Is il thus tliiit I ought to hIiiiiiI, pinion. I'd — hound — a prisoner I Is this thi' consnmnmtion ol' so niaiiy iiisulls niid wrongs — insults wliieh I hnvo borne, (Jod knows how patiently — wrongs which I could not Is ar, yet feel myself a man ^ I know that yon and I entertain no love for one anollier — I know that I have received no marks ol'fiivour at your bauds, nor you any priMildf cxtrnordiunrv respi'et from me : but if yon be n gentleman, if you I'eel like a giiitli man — nay, iiay, if you feel like n man, order tlicKe thoiii'S to Is' removed. 1 nvk no more than this. Iiot me he free, tliut is all, and leave the rest lo myself." Kven I'leteher was visibly struck by llio riier(fy of llie young mnn's manner, iiinl with h degree of eonsiileralion hnrdly to Is' e x|>reled iVoni him, desired to Im' mad,' ac- qiliunleil w lib Ihe causes of the dislnrhuiier. Hod help he luckless wreleli, who, in any silnalion of lili', stands >iii;.'ly opposKJ lo u crowd; Imt doubly is he lo lie pitied, who, wlialevrr thi eaiisi' of the quarrel may I.e, fills tin; linmiile station of a private sentinel, and incurs the lios- lility ol'liirt comrades. .Not one voice, hut fifty ixelnim- ■d aloud, thai .lackson had siniek the sergianl. 'I'ho ( rgeaiil iiini.-elf ^flrpped li.rw ard, exhiliiling, in an eye- lirow swollen and diseolounii, corroborating proofs fjiat Iliis serious accusation was well groniided, and Captain Klelelier iMiaine iu an instant satisfied that one course, and oil! laily, was left I'or him to |iursiie. It nialtered not a t-fraw of' what nature Ihe pi'ovoi'alioii given might fie. To rai^e a hand against a superior, however slight the ililVi renee in r.iiik, is a crime, w liieli, if commiftcd by one under ni.irlial law, is iiei essarily rated at the highest"; nor are lliere any eirenmstaiiees which, by the ndminif- Iriitors of the most riyid of all codes, can Is; received ns a ju--tllieiition. Captain Kletcher's duly was iinperative. II ■deled llie culprit lo be conveycil without delay to llie lilaek hole, there to be kept in close custody against Ihe day ol'irial; whilst lie hiiiiself'deparleil to make a re. port of the whole transaction in the proper ({uarlcr. It would be no easy matter to uccomil fiir the chniiga of inaiiiier and teniperainent which exiiibiled itself, as soon lis these directions were given, in the |K'rcon of Jackson. His fury, wliieli but a minute niro fell litllu short of' madiK'ss, suddenly subsided, and in its room eanie no immanly weiikness, but a cold and eoiiteiiiptu- oiis disdain, as if he felt how iibsolulely desperate was the pliyiit into which he had rushed, yet set ils worst eoiiMcpK nies nt defiance. Without uttering a syllnblo of iijinplainl, far b'ss of jiistificalion, he calmly and deli- lierately prepared to follow his coiiductors; nnd he smiled with a liitteriK'ss wliieh caused his enemy to quail be- neath it, upon the sergeant as he passed. There is some- tiling ill tlie sight of a man beset willi dangers or iiiis- liirliinis, who bears himself well niiiler his trials, which Ihe most iinfieling and despiitie ennnol contemplate with- out involnnlary respect. Seldom has this trntli been more jlireilily illustrated than it wn« on the present occa- sion. The VI v jHrsons wlio, but a moment helore, hoil joined so cordially in working Jackson wrong — who, by their clamour, had consigned him to a disgraceful inipri- soninenl, to be I'ollowed, no doiibl, by a puiiishiiiint still more di basinir — ixhihited, all at once, manifest symp. loins that they repi nied of their iH'liavioiir. There was no shout of Irminph as " the gentleman" was bd out, nor so niueli ns n senteiiee of o|iprobriiim or insult cast nfter liliii. On the eonlrary, whilst the majority looked ill si- li nee upon the work of their own hands, there were not wunliiig some who condemned with open mouth, the en- tin; tenor of the nft'nir, and expressed their indignnlion that a poor lillow should thus fall n vicliin to the ill-iia. lured levity, to call it liy no more serious name, of per- sons wliooiight to liuve known better. ( )f'tliese speeches, liowever, Jackson, if he heard them, look no more notico llian he would have done of their opposiles lind they hi en nllen ll. He proeeeiledon between a fill' of soldiers, who .^o fir till I'or his situation as to t'ree his wrists, as sihiii as Ihi' olfieer's back was turned, I'roni Ihe manneles which had liilherlo confined lliein, till having arrived nt tho lilaek hole, a sort of diuigeon adjoining to the guard- room, the door was iqiencd, and he was thrust in, lo lind what eoinliirt he eoiihl in hi.'* own relleetioiiH. In vhal maiini'r the iriuoiior pnsscd that night it is, of course, iin|»iN..ililu I'm mo to say, because it was S|K>iil in soliliide nnd niter dnrkiiess ; iml we may well be- llevii that it wits to him n night of no little suft'eiing. He Knew enouyli of mililnrv matters lo be nwsn-, (hut he hud lendered liimsolf linhln tu n dastiiiy ngninxt vvhich nvory generous or iiianly feeling revolts; and Hint from tliut terrihln pmiislimcnt nothing short of some toiliinnle Bccident, on the occurrence of which ho vvns not pi^tilipd ill counting, could deliver him. Hail It hi on dentil tliat nwailed him, though no mnii can look forward to n violent denth without horror, still tho prospect might liuvo Ih'cii nmlurnd. There is ut lonst iiolhiiig deurndiiig ill a capital puiiis'mimit, provided it bo iutllcted liir tlm brrncli of n law purely nrlincinl; ami the culprit who feels that from moral wrong his own conscience ncqiiils him, iiiiiy iiieut it uMlioiit slinnix. Milt to be slripjipil hefiire n crowd of speclalors, tied up like a dog to the hnllirrd''', and hi.dicd till lliu arms of his tormenlors grow weary with the cvpi^cise,— thorn i* soinething in the coiilemphition of such n llitci which tho monl philosophic cniinot contemplate with coiniMisnre, That this horrible vision llonted < liuiially betmn tho pyns of Jackson, thrro is no rimni to doubt; unil tlmt ii|Miii n mind, eonstiliiled as his was, it worked uvou inorr llian lis usual Ptrecls, ran ns llllln be qiisslioned. Hut whatever his inlnrnal suflViings ini||ht Iw, hn irnvo 36 THE (JKISTLE KECm IT. ■I- i If no outward pront'ol' their violonco ut least iidih'iiI' wliicli any report cmilj bp made by the seiiliiii"! who guardod liis prison door. Tlio only symptom of iiiioii>iiiess, in- deed, which hi' exhibited, showed itself in n restlessness which drove him to pace liis prison bickwards and for- wards, — an e\ercisB which lie inlCMiiitled not lor the ■pace of a minute, from the inumcnt of his arrest, till that of his unlooked for liberation. In the mean while there was no little commolion amonj^ the oflioers of the reyiiiiciit, many of whom begr.ii to feel tiieir old pre|iOSsessions in JaeUsoii's fa- vour return, now that he was involved in a scrape of so serious n nature. A variety of expedienis weie arcoril- ingly proposed, with the view of saving the unfortunate youth from the eonscipieuecs of a court martial, from which, should his ease be brouj^ht before it, only one oentenco could bo expected : but his crime was in ilsell Fo flagrant, and to pass it by unnoticed, would prove so destructive of every thing like suburdinatiou, that they were all one after another pronounced inadmissible, even •Sy such as leaned most stronjjly to the side of mercy. Desides all which, the eoniunind of the corps had lately passed into the bandit of one who knew nothing of the circumstances attending Jackson's cnlistmrnt. except by comniou report, and who, educated in a school ol Ktrict and inibcndinir discipline, would not so mneli as listen to any pro|)ositiou that had a violatioti of that priueiple fiir its object. .lackson's flite was sealed with- in an hour after the commission of hisolience. J)irec- tiuBs were given to the adjutant to warn the customary number of onicors for duly on the followiiif; day ; and t)ie witnesses to the prisoner's violence, as well as" tn the wliulo course of tho proceedings out of which it uro:-C were desired to attend, llut bet'orc these orders could bo either acted npon or noted down, an event belell which turned (he attention of all into a new chan- iiol, and procured for the recruit at least a tenipor.iry exemption from a disgrace to which ho had resolved not to submit, — at all orents not to survive. We were a' ill seatcil ut the mess table, and the ilecid- ud stops just Mfwcified havinjf been taken, other topits weris begnining to bo introduced, when an orderly dra- goon was gecu to rido into the yard, and diieet hi'- course towards the colonorH ipiartcr«. For some lime previously, v.u had been made aware that our sojourn in Kuf;land was not destined to bo of long continuance. 'J'hrnugh nioio than one indirect channel, we had heard that the oriler for our immedialo eujbarkation to join Lord Wcllinjjton's army was issued; ami thai a few I'or- inalilioii only wore recjuircd to Ik> gone through, privions to the arrival (d'tho route. Under these circumstances, the dragiHin no sooner mailn his appearance than there wn^ a sinnillaiieous ruxh towards tho window, ac- <'oi"panird by a general conviction, that now ut last the order so long expected would be received ; and in these cx|H'etutions fate had decreed that wo should mil bo dis. appointed. The dragoon was summoned to approach — tho colo- nel took the packet from liim : ho liuslily opened it, and glanced liis cyo over it* coiitenis willi inaiiili^Bt sa- tisftiction. "Gentlemen,'' said he, as h>r again folded it up, "I rougratulain both you and inyselliMl the fulfilment o: ull unr wishes ; we are oven morn forlunule than tlie most sanguine could huvn anlii'i|inled ; 1 am instrueled liere. that the transports destined to receive us are iil. ready asseniblud at Dover, and we march lo-niurruw inurniug." A shout, loiiif, hi'irty, and lenrtliened, liillowed Ibis nnnonncenipnt. The niess was innnediiitelv dissolved; the adjutant was comuiaiided to insert no order ill the book, except that which had just arrived from {[w horse iriiards', and each individnil Nt oil' to conipletu such |irpparuti'iU4 a* ho deemed essential to his ow'i profit and future euinfort : laidtsoii and his crime woie alike forsotteii ill the excitement which the mw^ produced, uiiir the lalliii),' together of tho cuuit iinulial wus over- looked. Nor did tnuiiy iniMiilen clupso era the intolllgcnoc, no joylUUy received in the ein le of ollieers, made it* way uiiiuiig the niuiL In an instant the parade ground was crowded witli soldlei.'i, ull eagerly diiii'tiidiiig a re|Hitition of details, of Arliicli oacli was as perfectly aware as the individual to whom he applied; till the sound id' voices U'eiina loud iis distant lliuntler, or the lour id' a cataract in the wooila; but it wus I'ol a sound of inimixod and tliimitigaled joy, neither weio tho ligiir's which crowd- «d lh« urpiiii, those ol' happy and liiii.iiphant beings ■ lone. Tli«ro were women Ihora - miin« of them rough ■ III! Iivarllvss vnuu|;h, Uud knows ; but ulliers, — younjr. pure and gentle, — who read in this glorious announce- ment, no more than the decree which doomed them to part from all that they held dear upon earth ; and there weic ehililren too, — infants in their mothers' arms, boys at their fathers' knees, — these chimed in, not with the notes of gladness, but with weeping and bitter lamenta- tion. There may lie, and doubtless are, -many heart- rending scenes brought liirwaril, even in ilio progress of ordinary life. It is a sad spectacle to behold tho widow and tho orphans follow the corpse of their natural pro- tector to the grave, and it is a sorrowful si^jlit to bo a witness to the parting embrace between a mother and her only son; but the arrival of tho route which marks a regiinent lor active service before the enemy, is redo- lent of occurrences, which are exceeded, in jiowcr to stir up the pily of tho spectator, only by tlioso which attend the commencement of the march itself. 1 need not, however, dwell at much leiigtii npon this. Of the facts as they goneially occur, you arc all as well Infornied by practical expencnco us niysell ; and as no- Ihiiig took place o!i the present occasion dissimilar to what occurs on others, your own memory or imagination will form H belter guide than any lommcntof mine. Let it sullice, therclbre, to s-tate that it was not without ijrcal e.xertion on the part of tho ollieers, that any thing like order was restored ; alter which, the customa- ry routine of inspection was hastily gone through, and the lots which determined tho fate of soldiers' wives, drawn. Out by Ibis time, the increasing twilight bogan to render objects obscure. Kvery on», thorolbrc, who- Iher joyous or sad, retired to his quartnrs; and tho voice of triumph and laincntation were, bcfbru long, equally heard nu more. CHAPTER HI. AVIiilst these things were going on, the solitude of .Faekson's dungeon had been broki'n in upon by a messen- ger, who came, not indeed to set him I'ree, but to conduct liim, under an escort, to his barrack-roein, that ho might undergo the usual examinatbin, and be disposed of ac- cordingly. In him, tho intelligence whicli so deeply afl'cctcd all besides, excited no visible emotion, lie fol- lowed his coiulnctor in silence ; stood in silence to nn- dergothc scrutinyof the ins|iector, and iK'ing commanded to put his kit in order for inurchiiig at an early hour on the morrow, he did so without giving utterance to a re- mark. That donu, he permitted himself to be (piietly led back again to the place of his cunlineineiit, where he sjivnt the remainder of the night, us he had s|>cnt its cuin- meiu'einent, wiitcliful, restless, and uneasy. It is not necessary that 1 should enter into any minute detail of the events which immediately I'ollowcd. At an early hour on the morrow, the bugle Kummoned us to our stations, which were assumed uniidst the commin- gling of joy and sorrow usual on such occasions ; and the line ol' march biing firmed, the band struck up, and the regiment piislii d forward. In rear of the column, a jiri- soncr and surrounded by a guard, moved Jackson. His arms, which he was not iMrmitted to carry, were borne iipiai one of the baggage wuguiis, and i veil his parade jack) land rcgiinent,.l cap were denied him, Yit neither the disguise of a prisoner's dress, nor the galling ap|K'iipy man, who is so — he icarct knows why, and he cares not wherefore. I was thus situated, not so much lost in thought ai enjoying the blessed abseiico of all |>owcr of thinkiiij;, when the light step of some one approaching, as if witt caution, broke uihui my reverie. I turned round, and bp held Jackson staniling at my side. The moonlight falline strongly upon his tiice at the instant, I saw tliat hii features were cji-itaied, as if some powerful passion were at work within, or that he hud struggled hard to subdm such a pa,ssiim, without having fully sueceedcd. Sturtlu not more by the peculiar expression of his coHntcnanf than by the nliruptnrss of his approach, I involuntarilv rose t'roiii my scat, and assuming an attitude almost (, defence, cont'ronted him. "Jackson," said I, s|)cakiii( sharply, because without consideration, " what ineau this / Have you forgottiii that you go nt large only U|h>! sull'erancc ? — how is it wiat you break in thus rudcl upon the privacy of your coniinandiiig officer I" A bitter ami painlul siiiile ciirKd the young man's li as I uttered these sentences. " No, sir," replied he, al\er a momentary pause, " have not forgotten that 1 go at large only hi snfl'erann I have not lorgottcn that I am sunk to the lowest drjil of degiadiitioii, so low indeed us to be at the mercy of — but no iiialtcr. 1 hud fiuicicd that by you, ut least, I wk regarded witJi an eye of favour. I had |M'rsuadcd iiiv sell' that you took some interest in the t'ate of a miseralu outcast ; and ii y bosom yeurncd towards you with a \W iiig wliii II my jiidgmeiit hardly approved. I did wron, in giving admission to \isioiis so basclcw, and 1 thorn yon liir ri'storiiig me to my senses," He turned round as he spoke, and was walking nwm will n, inst.iiitly recovering my self-possession, I entrcalt him to remain, " Yon ari' not mistaken, young man," iinid I. " I ro« cciveil a lively interest in your fate when I first saw viv and that iiiterer,t eoiitiiines unabated up to the prewi niomeiit. If I appeared to treat you harshly on l!- , present occasion, be assiireil that the tone of my vmr iielied my li'elings. You came U|kiii me Kuddenly,— did not dream of your being near ; uiiil 1 acted us in ' iiieii would have done iimler such lircuiiiHlanees, i speaking w itiioul thinliing." The NoOeiied toiii' of my voire, not les» than tliric t'o explanatory sentences, produced all iiiKlaiilnlieous i if 'ipon Jackson, He stopped short, and looking bnek t wards ine, I saw that Ins eyes swum in lenrs, which it r ipilrcd no trifling exertion on his part to suppress, "(lod bli'is yon. Sir I" cried he, ill a subduwl tin " 1 had no right, humbled as I am, to expect any tliii of apohigy or explannlion from yon; but the k|h'II i.foki'li. Whin I sought your presence, it was witlit t rill ilelerminiilion ol'iiiukiii|r you acqiiaiiiled witheie particular in my history. I iider what iiilliiciiee I «' driven III liirir that resoliilion, I cannot tell; hut furin THE GENTMi! UEtRUIT. M rer«>iaded im in the t'ate of a miserulu lowartls you with a lif Iv approved. I did wroii; Iso liaselciM, and I thaii Mes." and was walklnsf awm si'lf.poKsession, I rnlreatt lig man," siiid I. " I ™ Ifatewhen I first saw y.v liabati'd up to the priwi ■eat you harshly on !!• Vil the tune of my vhk ii|Nin me Kuddenly- I'ar ; uiid I iicled us iii' suili circumstances, i le, not liws than lliesi- li' ll HU in«l,iiitiilicniis ilf ^irl, and li.nking back i \aiii iti tears, which It r lis part to suppress. |d he, in a siilidutHi I '" am, to rxpeel any llii II you i but till" s|H II lireseiiec, it was willH Ion acipiniiited willui'' Icr what iutluenfo 1 *> cannot tell: hut Ibriii did : and had you met mc thus at first 1 should have ured out my whole soul iKifore you ; but tlie impulse B departed, and I c.iiuiot, if I would, miburthen this trsting heart •>>' its I (I. At some other monieiil, |icr. ps, tlie spell may n irii; but now I have no power to eak." Hu retired as he concluded this sentence ; and jjforc I could intoriiose, either by word or gesture, to Jpp him, he had descended to his berth. sX I need scarcely observe that this adv«nt»re, abrupt and pcting as it was, |)rodueeed upon me an eti'cet not less »ely than any in whicli, lor a long while back, I liad »en part. It was evident enough, cither that the jioor utii laboured under an aberration of intellect, — a sup- pition to the correctness of which his allusion to llie Kvr of impulses anil spells^ gave tt least the shoiv of |nsibility; or he really was, what he iirofessed to be, ! child of a wayvvard destiny. In either ease, he could ; tiiil to be an object of sincere commiseration to every nsiderato mind ; more particularly when regarded in nnection with tlio unhappy scrape into which ho had awn himself. It was with no ordinary violence that blamed my own want of sulf-possession, which caused 1 to cheek a dis|)osition on thu boy's part to sjieak out; Mr could all the continued lieauty of the night scene, |||Dugh aided by my own most strenuous exertions, rc- pre my equanimity. After pacing the quarter-deck, erefore, for some time, not without a faint lio|)c timt I might even yet return, I determined to think no more, Iher of tho past or the future, but to leave every thing \ chance. Thus reasoning, I mutlc baste to descend the nipanion ; and in a mood widely ilitTurenl from that hieli iwssesscd mo when I mounted it, I retirjd to my , and succeeded, atVcr tossing about (or some time, in lling asleep. It was but natural, excited as my curiosity, and, let I add, my sympathy had been, that I should from it lime forth lay myself out for every opportunity of lin conversing with Jackson. With this view, I re. itedly kept the deck, at hours both of the night and I when- my comptmions liad deserted it; and more 1 once threw myself in the young man's way so as it he could not |>ossibly mistake my nieaning. Day er day, however, stole on, and he ptirsistx'd in the Bnce \vhieh he had hitherto maintaii-^d. It Bcemed, Iced, that he was really the pupiH-tof an intluence over lieh he |Missessed no control whatever — or rather, that I actions sprimg not, like lliose of oO'cr men, from litioii, but from fatality; for lliongh he had held out a iif promise that the time of diaeliisure might yd jie, the fiillilmenl of that promise appeared not to de- id upon his own choice. Not that he resumed the air [old civility, with which he had formerly treated mc 1 less than otlicrs : on the contrary, his salutes were K given with kindness ; and more than once l;j lin. 'ed liehiiid me, as if struggling wllii an inelinaticin lieh he could not overcnme; but the subject on which, Dve all others, I was most anxious to be in-lriicted, he liilously avoiiled, never failing !o walk away us often 1 referred to it. 'I'liis line of eoiidiiet on his part, >iigh it had no ell'eet in doing away w itii llie synipalhy lieh had Is'eii so sti'tingly excited in his liivi iir, taught I to adopt a less uneqiiivneiil manner of shiiwiiig it. I adually ceased ti^ court his presence, anil relurned to habits and mode of acting whieli 1 had previously brsued. I To this system I |H'rtinaciouslv ndhercd, no change ling wrought In eonseqiienee ol it in the conduct or nnner of the n emit, till the joyful cry of" I Drtegal, the bold and preiipitmis ridgii of wliiih bes like a pillnr out of (he waters, and is seen for some pielM'fore any of the coast adjacent becomes \i^ibl^. Hut, I bree/.e still favouring us, us it had ilone liir the lust days, other and no hss allractivc objeels were redily diseerticil, and our voyage lieiieeliirlh lay along bea eiKist fertile, as the most ardent ailmiler of the pie- trcsqiiii need desire, in iiiteres;ing prospects. Ileadlaiul, loiiiontory, and hay, opened and shut u|>i>ii us as we Vvpl past. Ill thu back groiiml were seen rough and krren mountains, iiitcrsi'i'ted hern and tliirc with lovely reel) valleys, throii:;li whii'h stieams of limpid water kadi' their way ; whilst conviiit, hamlet, or solitary liehng, rising iVom the iniilsl of u gtnve ol' myrtle or Mil ei'sliis, or occupying some s|miI more clear mid level nil the rest, m'ncd to remind us lliiil llie coiiiilry, lough apparently In no very high i-tale of ciillttalion, las not desHrled. In IIiIh manner we eoiitinncd to coast ong, till the Tagiis itself lay iH'fiirr us; nor>'ckit,harilly caring whetlier the opportunity to which lie alluded, would ever arrive or or not; and pursuing my original intention, descended the ladder, and went to bi d. CIIAI'TF.K IV. The first grey of the morning of the Ifilh of July Ism, was just begiiiniiig III appear, when the re|«irt of an eigiiti'i n pounder from the Hag ship in the Tagiis, gave notice that the hour of discmbarkalioii had arrived. It was imnicdiatcly followeil by a rolling of drmiis, and braying of bugles, taken np from transport to transport Ihroiiglioul the Heel ; and in five minutes after, the deck of every vessel was crowded with soldieru, armed, clothed and eqiiip|M'd for immeiliate service. Nor did any great while elapse, ere a numcrona ftolilla of Isiats began to ns- seiiible alongside. Into these company after company entered, wi'.h as miieli regard to order «h the eireiim- ■miices of 111"' case woidil m'rinit ; and long before the ■I'll had allaiiieil any bciglit in the heavens, the regi- iiiciit waa funned in eolumii uf cumiHiiiica ufong the iM'aeli. ft was but natural to sup|Kwe that at least n day or tw>i would In' granted previoiiN to the commcneciiienl of our march up the eoiiiiirv, for the double pur|Hisc of re freshing the men, eiifcclilcd by n forlnighl's confineiiienl and enabling Ihe otilecrs In provide mules and other ani. mals for thr tmnspnrt of their baggage. Tlilossiblc order. Hut the conse-quence of so iimch baste was, that of Lisbon I was permitted to see no more than a few of the wri'lehcel stre'cts which li.'ad from Bclem to the great northern roael ; that at Scavcin wc made no greater pau.se than was absolute'ly ne'ccssaiy to colU ct stragglcrB; and that, passing at the same rule through liiiccllos, wo .jrrivcd in the evening, jaded and hungry, at a town called .\len(]uer. Here the night was sixnt in no very eoiii- lortable plight; for the lodging was niiscrubic, and the authorities being nert over and above disposed to c.\crt themselve'!! in eiur fiivnnr, our rations proved iiny thing but sullleiciit ; nevertheless, on Ihe morrow the march was resumed with the same rapidity as at first, and for an I Ml ire' week we were fit roiilr. Thus, by dint of on. traordiiiaiy ixe rtiems, wc contrived to come up with the division to which we were attached, about noon on tho ■Jdd, — having accomplished a march of npwarils of one hunilred and fifty miles in somethiiig less than seven e'lilire ''ays. We ibund the division occupying a line eoiisielirubly in advame of the main army, with its left resting upon .Mini iela, its right upon a bend in the Coa, and covered in its rear by the clianne 1 of tlier same river. 'I'lic out- posts, however, cxleiidid«s far as ce'rinin scattered ham- ''■ts, halfway between Almeida and Villamula ; and tlin stale of preparation in which both men and horses were kept, inelicateel that an attack was hourly e'xpi ctid. As we arrived neit in the' be'sl orelcr imaginable', the men lie- Jig fiie.t-sore to the' last elegrie, anel the efticcrs saelly dis. Ire ssed Ibr want of baggage, the general, with the eon. sidiralion for which he was renia^ .able throughout tho army, ap|M)iiitcil ns to a station better Bhcltere'd than that occupied by any other battalion under his command. We' temk |K)Ssessie)n of a f( w cotlngem not far IVemi a briilge which e'onni!cted the o|ipositc hanks of the river with one aiiolber, when wo we're give'ii to muhrsland, Ihat for soiiii' days at least no service on outiKisI, nor any other liarassiiijf dulyi would be re(|uir(iu at our hands. In the mean time Jaikson, so far IVom deriving any advantage treini the debarkation, hail only returned, in consequence of it, to tlic condition of a close prisoner, 'I'hoiigh his case had Ihcii brought before the command, iiig olliccr at Ihe earliest op|Nirtimily, aucli had biin Ills rapidity of our iiiovcniints, and so excessive Ihe futigiio attendant ii|h>ii tliein, Hint no leisure for investigating it had yet olVcrcd, and he followed llii' column in charge of the rear guard, at once ignorant of his ullimatc destinv, anel, to all apiH'araiice at least, inililVcrcnt ri-spci ling It. He vera 1 fresh atlciiipls were indeed made to eibtaiii for him a IVco parilon, narlly in coiisiipiencc of the exlremc provocation which had Ud to the ceuiimisKioii eif bis I'rime, and partly iHcaiise of the lenglli of lime which had seen biiii In conlini'miiil. lint our coniiiianding olliccr, as I have alri aily slated, was one of IhiHio who cannot disunite the ideas of manly clemency and blame- able iniboeilily. A rigid disciplinarian, he wimbi allow no circiimtlaiicci to stand an in cxcum for • broRch nf ^rp) 3« •niK CKNTrK RKfRrlT, ll the great iiikI rniiilaincntal liiw nf aiiljnrdiiialinn ; mid tlioujrli punisliinciit nii^jlit be di'lVrnd, it luvtr liiilid, sooner or later, to ovcrtalir llie individual who, hiiiiy; under his rnininand and in his power, set llujt law at t]«tlianet\ Poor .Taeksun was doonu'd to heroine one in midition to many ^vho received this stern jiistiee at his liands. Tlie remainder of the 3l!d liein^j jrraiil -il to see arter onr own and iiil, a puniiihmeiil of thrco hmidred lashes on his bare back. Oreally as I felt shneked when this trcineiidoiis sen- tence was pronoimeed, it Has impo.ssible lor im;, upon nny grounds of iiijnsliee or cruelty, to lift up my mn'c a^rsinst it. iMy hrolhir ollicers would have failed in their duty, had lliey pennitled any coiisiileraliou fo- reijrn from the circumslaiiees of (ho ease, as il appeareil in evidence iK'fore tlinin, to wiyp their jiidirmeut, or ili- rcct their Hiidiii); ; unil 1. as president, shoiihl hive been equally wanliii|r in niiiu', bad I interli'ied with tin: e\ crcise of their Injiitimale |K)wers, or iiithioiiei'd their de cisiotl. Yet il was not willioiit a pamr of deep and heartfelt sorrow that I listened lo their vordiel, anil proceeded, as my ollice re(|iiired, lo record il. Uccoril il, linir icr, I did, without betrayinj; more of oiiiward ' Jill, than was exhibited by the rest ; and linn there rcuinined but one measure to pursue, which we all heartily iiniled in adopliiijr. ,\ recoiiiniemiation to nierey, expressed in I lie most lincihle terms, was ap- (Miiidud to the sentence nf eoiideinnalion ; and soiiiethiMi; like a hn|io was oxcitud, that it might jiruto not wholly useloiiB. Arnirdttith this imporlaut doeiimenl, and carel'iilly sliidyinir, as I went aloinf, every nriiiiiiient which I thonuht at all likely to nll'eet his "mind, I hurried otf to the colonel's ipiartcrs, whom I fniiiid eii;.'n({ed, appa- rently in e.iriiesi eoiiversalion, with Captain I'letdnr. This was an omen so unfavourable, that in spile iit' my best exertions to pie\eiit it, I loiiiid much of the c.iiili. denee which had niiiiihiled me by the wav, ev,i|«)rale ; yel I delerniincd so show niysvll not Ichs the streiiiioiis ildvorile of II youth who appeared lo isissess no friniul in the reiiiiiienl except myself My business was no sooner inaile known, than Cnptnin Klelehcr rose to withdraw, (Joil knows, — (Nirhnps I do llioin w ronif, — bill I fshcied then, Slid I l)iney now, that be llnewa • iKnifieaiit lisik over hii shoulder, just as he was quit. lii\ll the npiiiiinenl, niiil lliat il was answered by n lisik mil less siKiiificniil from llm colonel; and llii' ulcus to whii II llin siisjiicioii L'ave rise, were not very tiivooriiblc to fn'edoiii ol s|M>cih. Neveitlndess, I iM'rliirmeil iiiy tliki if not us i'loassed, few nt least during which he was disengaged, without my see- ing him. Oieasionally, too, ho would bring mo ii toy; and when I was old enough to rido ho gave ino a pony, on w Inch I was pennitled to scamper wherever I chose, provided only I relumed home before dark. Vet wn.i his manner uniformly cold and uustorc; 1 cannot recall lo my rccollci.'tion so much as oao kiss from his lips; and as to a («)d bless you! — the oxpression never en. laped him. No, no, no 111 was not m blessing that he look the name of (>od In his mouth; — it was fur a far moie tiemeiidous and more certain pur|)Osc. " .At an ngo us early as is usual in like cases, I wai sent to a prefiarutory school, fruiii whence I was in due time removed lo Kloii. Here, in the society of luds ol' my own Mlanding, several happy years wore h|><'iiI, si> happy indeed, thattho inipri^ssion which they have lelt upon my mind, can be erased only by deulli, Stronge to say, however, the vaealions, which brought to otiieri so mniiy anlieipatioiisof delighl, wore always hailed by inn with sorrow. I hail no home ; that is lo sny, iin homo which I loved; liir Ihoiigh I delighted in Held sports, and Ihe iiieans of gratifying thai propensity were aliuiidanlly within my reach, there was soinetliing 111 the air of , whiih invariably chilled inc when I drew near il. Tho truth is, that I did not and rouid not love my liifhcr. I H)ared liiin ; he was a man to !»■ li-aicd- — co'd, uiiBlere, lerninl ; proud of his family, equally proud of his own attainmeiils; of a iBinpor not irrilafile, in Iho ordinary neceplnlinn of that term, yel cnslly oll'cnded, and ignorant how to forgive; such a man even his own sou coiiTd not love, however much ho might ievcreiice,or iHllier dread him. Ilesides, my fhlher was oiiii of llioso whom no nrgnmeiits, no entreaties, no mo- tives, even of srlt^inlcrusl, could divert from the rolirsa which he hnd onco iiindo up his iiiliid lo iiiirsiie. I«t him sethlN heaif upon nny olijeel, and the whole world, were ilull'uri'd ill extlmnge, could nutpurchat* hia iv'lini|uisli- her lead nic, were I al it. I am not, how. ^hcre is a curse upon vhich npcraten at ull iig existence, — which imon soldier, — which f a criino, bringing a -which compels nip, ho contrary, to stand Bcir, and which will , and to shape out the !arl ceaso to beat, and ' the only child, of it nsiderablo fortune, in it would little inte- s I am to bo the puli- not bring disgrace t sutfico to mention, c heir, came into tlie it has descended in in, from its first poa. lold it. rly years were B|)enl, ingt recollection. 1 1 lovely and ainiablo ' those about nio tu ir rather 1 fancy thiit me on bcr knee, and Ist tears rolled down the report of others, know not, — presents tile same beautiful jartcd, and fading in I asvcrl tliQse thiiigi ns of my own disur- (>y nro no ; yet to me and palpable as the Ml occasion, or our . Whether they bo lutterof no moinonl. id attained sufficient I miss her attentions ; lian an infant, to the If in drawing a pir- cvor known. That me, I cannot von- rns not so displayed limy luitnrully warm It I liiid somotiitici lid she and I were [days passed, few nt d, without my see- Id bring mo a toy ; gnic me n pony, ir wherever I uhosc, fo dark. Vet was jrr; 1 cannot recall Ins from his lips; pression never m- n blessing that he — it was lor a far iriKIBC. liko rnses, ] W3i enco i was in due »o( ioty of Inds of Irs wore H|Mh, if it exist any where, might bo expected to exist between a parent and a cliild. •' In the society of such a man, it was inipossiblo Ihiit I could find any enjoyment, and to his society I was, when at home, almost exclusively confined; (or the pe- culiarities of my lather's tein|ior were such, that few ol his neighbours kept up with him more than a distant or formal acquaintance. Once or twice a year a stotely dinner was prepared, at whiclisonie half dozen country gentlemen would make their appearance; but these nieeliiigs always passed ofi'lioavily at the time, and they led to no familiar intercourse afterwards, liidoed, my liitlier was maiiifcstly neither loved nor courted by any one. His very servants and tenants avoided him as ot- tcii as they could ; and when that was inipo.-isihle, tlioy stood bolbro him in uiidisgtiisod alarm. Wlioiico ull this arose I am unable even to conjoctuie, tor of his early history I never heard a syllable; and unless some, tiling more extraordinary occurred iii his youth than took place since my memory serves, there was certainly no adequate reason tor it. "I had removed from Klon, after going through the regular course, and had kept a l(!w terms at (.'unibridgo, w':cn that event belbll upon which the whole of my fu- ture fortunes were doomed to turn. " It was on a beautiful evening in .luiie, that with feelings widely different from those which i eoiild have wislii'd to exjiericnce, 1 found myself approaching the place of my nativity. There were no pleasing recollee- tiiins associated with that lonely and desolate inniiKioii Its great empty halls and half furnished apartiiiciils through which the voice of iiiirtli and revelry never e(lio<^d, its long passages and dreary corridors, where the sound of a footstep would liave startled had it reached Mil' ear, rose with no very agreeable colours In I'lne my view ; and when I considered that amid this snlitiide the v^liule of a tedious summer must be passed, I could not avoid shuddering at the proH|H'et. 1 was in this mood, when a sudden stopping of the horses iiidueed me to sit tiirward in the chaise for the purpose of aseerluiniiig tin cause. There was no iHissibilily of mistaking the priii- lipid objects about me. 1 recognised nt oiii'e the beeel urove that skirted llie park, and the eominnierinenl ot till' long avenue which hil up to the iiiansiiin ; but in imniiter details a cliiinge had nrriirrid, wliieli set all my siiriniHes and eiileuliilioiiM at defiance. The lodge, wliieli, when I lust entered it, was iiioie tliuii half iinriHilid and 111 ruins, presenled now the appearance of a nent and I'Miiirortiilile eotlagi'i it was newly tlmliliiMl, glii/ril, and whitewashed, and ii spot of ground laslefiilly laid luil in iiillivatimi lay Is'liiiiil il. In like inaniier llie pilliirsand LMles liiid midergiine a thorough repair ; the palings si'iiiied to have Ihiii liitely renewed; and the vriy grass mill weeds wliieli used to overgrow the drive, had nil dis- a|i|MMi'i'il, Instead of the si dlernly diiiiir, likewise, by hIi'Mii I was uei'iisliimed In In' initliere, a pielly eoniiliy eirl, iibnut leu iir twelve years old, threw iiisn llie gate >'! Mill dropped a curtesy as the chiiise rnlled lliroiigli, with llie grace of one neruslomed to the iilliee, I need scarcely My Ihiit all this eveiled in me no little aiiiii'/.eniint ; but It' I iX|H'rieueed surprise al theuspiel of things in llieiii- srlves so miiMi|Hirlaiit, my aslonishmeiil inereaseil ten liilil, when iillier and still greiiti r eleinges ap|H'ar((l. " .\s I approaidied tli' house, I iH'eanii' tliviiy step more and more aware, that ii emnplete revolTitiini iiiiisl li;i\e taken place in my fullier's style of tiviiig. Tin liiwii, of which mv iiiost remote reiiilleeliiiit pi'i senled Mil iilliir pielilie Ihiin of a longli ind neuleitnl plot of itMf, wai iiuw mowed witli Uio utiiiobt caie, and taste 'fiiK iiig what 1 said : ' lint the intelligence has come upon me so suddenly — I knew not that any such step Was in contemplatioii — that, in short, I know not what to say, except that your aimouncenient has |MTlectly amazed me.' "• I see no reason why il should produce that etlect,' replied he: 'there is nothing so very startling in thu liiet, that a mail who has spiiil twenty years in solitude shoulil lieeome \ve:iry of living alone, or that he should ally himself with one every way worthy of his estcciu and iift'ecliniis,' "'I'liiswas spoken coldly and delilHrately, with an emphasis ot' which I couhl not mistake the purport ; yet I answered it by observing, that I had received no inti- mation of the intended change; uiid that his siU'iieo on such a snlijcct surpri.sed me more, than the line of con- duct which he had si en fit to pursue. ' ' I was not aware,' replied he in a sarcastic tone, into which he knew well how to throw the very gall of liitterne.ss, 'that i had ever given you cause to regard yourself as the arbiter of my destinies. 1 have not liecn II the habit of soliciting your advice on indifierent mat- ters, and should scarcely think of desiring it on an oc- casion like the present. Hul enough of such disciusioii — I have told you how this lady and yourself are con- leeted ; it reniains tor you to behave towards her us tliat connection demand.'^.' " I had by this time recovered in some degree from mv n:;ititioii, uiid turned towards my mother-in-luw, w lib the inteiilioii ot'nH'ering all apcdogy tor the slrange- iiess of my behavioiir. She treinbled violently, — whether from liar, or mere einbarrasineiit, it was, of course, iiii- possilde liir me to tell; whilst her respiration appeared to go on with ililliciilty, and her colour went and cnmo like clouds over the I'aee ol'the moon o'l a sloriny iiiglil. lly degries, liowi ver, the awkwardness of miiniier iii- separ.ilile from so extraordinary an introduction, de- parted. She recovered the calm and placid air which ilislinguislii'd her when si rose to bid me welcome ; and the ease whii h marked her gestures, as well as tile readi- ness with wliieh we entered into conversation, soon pro- duced the happiest elfeei upon me. In five minutes every thing awkward in our first meeting was forgotten, and we liehiiM'd towards each other, as persons in our situu- tinii might be ex|H.'i'ti'd to behave. " It wasaiiow that I found leisure to east my eyes round upon the apartinent in which we were sitting; and there, as well us elsewhere, I unw that a perfect ru- Noliition had oeciirred. The unciciit cane-backed chairs and sol'as had beiii disphiceil to make room l!>r eouelius eovered with the costlii'st silks; rose wnod tables, richly inlaid, were scattered here und there in elegant confu- sion ; splendiil pier glnsse< filled up the recesses, and curtains of the finest stuft's ormiincnted the windows; whilst even tiie piipir upon the walls, as well as thu painting on the roof mid pannels, liiid ull been renewed in the most expensive and brilliuiit miiimer. Nor was it in the saloon alinie that the hand of improvement had Is'i'ii at work. There was not nn upnrlment in thu hiiiise, t'rom the servants' hall to the nursery, which had not nndergoiie some change ; whilst all that were in any degree eonspieiions, as will in the ileeping us in the living eomparlineut, had been eiitiicly tefurnished. I eiinnot preti nd to describe the ell'ecf which this choiige prodiieid upon me. That il was fiir the better, I fi'll, anil iii'kuo« leilged j yet, with the |H'rversi'ness of Imninii mil lire, there were momentH when the abseuce of this or that long renienilH'nd piec« of luinber stirred up in me II sinsnliiin, of whieli 1 did not iiniiLiine tlint a cause so trilling could liiive been prodnetive. III like manner, it was with no ordiiinry pain tlint 1 observed, tlint, of the liiees ol the donicslies who went and eaiiie nboid us, not one was funiilinr. The old servnnts, liku the old furiii tiire, hnd nil been dismissed, to make way for others — more sightly, (icilnips, and more •ubmissive, but whether superior in the essentials of hoiiwly and fidelity, might well be doubted. These thini.'s cut deeply. For thu first day or two, indeed, the etfeel of them was such ui to render me but little disposed to court the society either of my fathir or his bride : nor was il till I had licen lU'iirly a week at lioiiie, thai the liiniier thought fit In make me In iiny degree aeipiainled with the origin ond progress of his new eonneelien. "There was litth' in the story to iiitercsl inn ul the moment ; there is still less Hint deserves record now. Charlolte Howard wn« an orplinn, the peniiyless niece of line of our 111 iiihlHiiirs, on whose bounty shs absolutely depended. Having lately returned iVom school, she at. .■•I ■■) '■m I'.'l^l m <^M J 1:1 \ 40 THE GENTLE RECHUIT. ^. ■■•!H i ; :f^ r 1 r. s tractcd my father's notice, during a visit wliicli lii; linp- pcncd to pay to tier luiclc ; and as hu found licr not iiiorv beaulifnl than amiable and accomplislied, lie made a ten- der of his hand. Cliai'Iottc was barely c iglitecn, my fiitlicr forty-nine ; but, to counterbalance this ditierenee in tlicir agc.i, slic was portionless, whilst he was understood to be inuncnsely rich. My father did not stale how much he owed to the' lady's personal predilection, how mueli to the persuasions of her guardian; on that head, he wisely left nic to judge for myself; but the result was, that about six weeks previous to the commencement of the long vacation, he led h('r, a weeping and bashful bride, to the altar. Yes ; he used the woi-d bashful, as if lier reluctance were merely feigned, — as if she, a giii, artless, innocent, g 'y, lovely, telt no more than the ordinary coy- ness of a maiden so situated, in giving her hand to one — Hut no matter. He admitted that .she wept — he did not say how she wept — he did not even allude to the hot ncalding tears of utter misery, whose fountain lies in the innermost soul, and which run over only when hope is blighted for ever. No no ; I was encouraged to conjure up an image of modest dew drops — of one or two tears cheated from the eye, more through the power of mo- mentary cYciteinent than by the inllueiiee of sorrow. How dilferent was oil this from the truth ! " Well, the bride was carried oft' to the metropolis, where, amidst the gaiety of a London life, her first les- Kons in the duties of the married state were learned. In the mean while all those changes in and al>out the park, which had so iwwerfuUy afFeeted me, were wrought ; iind only one fortnight previous to my return, the hapjiy pair took |)ossession of their renovated mansion. Such is ;lic substance of a conversation which I held with my lather, on a certain day at\er dinner, to which I listened us to Bonicthiug neither very agreeable nor very interest- ing. How deeply did I deceive myself, in regarding it as devoid of interest. " I know not whence it arose, but I cxjicrienccd to. wards my nn.thcr-in-Iaw, about this time, a i'eeliiiir which I couM not describe, but which tempted me as nmcli as )io.<^siblo to shun her company, particularly when no othei persons chanced to be by. Not that 1 ever thought of her with aversion. To look npon that countenance, to be- hold the varied and glowing expression of tliosc eyes, yet entertain towards the bemg whose eyes met mine, any thing iji the most remote degree akin to aversion, was impossible. On the contrary, 1 never beheld her without admiration, the deepest, the most intense. 1 never listened to the nnisie of her voice, v\^hout a de. light sneh as no other sound in nature could produce. 1 never thought of her when absent, witlinut a degree of interest painful indeed, but puinful only iVoni its exees.s. Vet I avoided her, as if there had been a pestilence in her brontli, and a pollution in her touch. It was not o\\vn that I indeavoured to uei^ount for this j but when I did, i.uages arose, humiliating and distressing, of the sort of tie which hud brought us aeipi;iinlid, and he Id ns to- gether. I could not bear to think of h, r as my lather's wix — as one whom I was bound to upproaeh with de. fcrcnee, anil look upon with res|Kel ; yet I felt that to regard her only as the beanlirul and innocent girl, and to tri'al her like a sister or a friemi, would at once dis- pli'ase the mail to whom I was indebted fur my being, and infringe, seriously nnd improiK rly, upon the; usages ofsoeiity. Many days tlierelore ilipsed, ere we I'ould be saiil to know more o( each otlu s tastes and hnbits than was disclosed at the monieni nld it have lieen for bolli, had this just Biul eaulious reserve Ix'en persevereil in. " With his stale of celibiu:y, my fathir had. It Rp|ienred, put "ti'that morose and haughty Innnour which kept him at a distance from ali his neighbours. liepeutedly since Iheir return from Tiondon, had the new married couple thrown o|K'n their doors to gay parties, and the old walls had more than once rimg agam to the tones of singing and minstrelsy. So excellent a custom was not to be in- l»rruptcd by the arrival of the heir of the lordship ; on the contrary, I wos given to understand tiial, in honour of my visit, tho entire neighbourhood had been invited to an cnlertainmcnt, which was to rxered in splendour and eif ganci' every thing of tho kind which had for many yeirs taken plaei' in this pari of the country. With what ubsolute inililVerence I listeniHl to the announcement ! Wli it were gaiety or splendour to uie ? I h nl become all ut oni:e the most Inmiilir.ted and self-ceudeinneil of hu. nun beings. All the glories of nil FOostrrn palace, had they been spread out before me, would have failed to ex- cite any ph'nsnrable eniolion. Nay, I pined for the gloom which was now diN|H'lled for ever, and l(H>ke(l back with reijrel upon the very stale of existenee which was onee the source of my mo' t serious repining. What fickle creatures arc we, even at the best! Iiow little may | got her. At that instant her eye caught mine; what our very tastes and desires be calculated upon! ' ' " ...... .... " 'I'he day of gala came in its course, and brought with it a crowd of guests of all ages, of both sexes, and of every rank — from the proud wearer of the earl's eoro. net, down to t!ie simple connnoner. Jfothing could ex- ceed the hospitable urbanity of my father; &nd the gen- tle attentions of liis bride to all within her r< -ch, were beyond measure gratifying. 'I'hcn, again, a; to the ban- quet — no luxury which earth, air, or water could produce, was wanted, 'i'he choicest wines were passed round with exuberant libcrnlity ; a crowd of servants in rich liveries prevented every wish; and the gl.irc of golden lamps was relUcted back by a profusion of massive plate, under which the table and sideboards groaned. Next followed the dance, the conversazione, the promenade, relieved and inlcrruplcd from time to time by bursts of the most exquisite music, till every sense seemed deadened by the multiplied sources of eujoynicnl, with which it was not so much sup|)lie(l as sated. And how was I affected by all this? 1 looked on with the vacant stare of a spectator at a show which he undcrst; ids to l)c delusive and un- real. I apjK'ared, indeed, to mingle, like the rest, in every amusement ; I even gazed round upon the faces of my father's gucsl.-, seeking for one on which my eye might repose so much as for a moment. But I found none. iMany lair countenances there were, — laughing, lively, happy countenances, — such as meet us in our dreams, when these arc most pleasing, and leave a trace behind them when wc awake. But before my eye that night they passed like shadows. There was but one countenance on which 1 could endure to gaze — and that one was — my mother. Heaven ! what u profanation of the term. Chavlotte Howard, the dark eyed lively girl of eighteen, my niotlier ! — she, who was by two full years my junior, — who smiled upon mc, not with the haughty glance of a superior, hut with the mild beseeching look of one who saw my agitation, and would have calmed it had she possessed the power, — who seemed to court, not to demand my notice, as if she needed support from me, and would have token it ns a boon ! — Could I think of her as my mother ? No ; 1 never beheld her in that light ; I could not think of her in that fashion. I was cold and distant towards her, it is true— cold in my ninmicr, dis- t:int in my address ; but neither my coldness nor dist;ince proceedecl from that jealous aversion with which, as my step-mother, I might have been supgiosed to regard her. I shrank from her, because I already felt thot 1 dared not trust myself near her ; — yet my eyes foUovN'cd her every movement, ns if there were a spell upon them, which not all my ciVorts would suffice to break. " At last she sat down to her harp. Though I had been upwards of a fortnight under tho same roof with her, I had never yet heard her sing or play ; for my father en- tertained no taste lor nmsie, and I did not presume to solicit that she would perform for my gratification, 1 was sitting at the moment alone in a distant corner of the .saloon, pretending fatigue, which in reality 1 did not experience, that 1 might escai>c for a few minutes from the toil of making myself agreeable, or summrting a con- versniion in which I took no interest. 1)1 all the objects in the passijig pageant, 1 U'lieM but her alone ; and when tin ri' was a c.ill of silence, I held my very breath, lest its souml should interrupt it. How groccfnlly she stretched her fair round arm over the instrmnent t — with what tnsle she swept the chords as a prelude to her song ! and then striking a few bold notes by way of symphony, she raised her eyes as if to ask for inspiration from on high. \n an instant, her eountenance was lighted up, and there hurst from her a gush of sweet sounds, so mellow, so true, so plaintive, yet so |K)werful, that the most insensible could not listen without visible emotion. For me, I was entranced. All (wwer of motion was taken away from me ; I tried to draw near to her, but could not — I was H|)el|. bound, as if by the voice of an angel. " Tlioro was no instantaneous burst of applause when that sweet wild song ended. The cfTect produced by it was beyond the compass of word*; it was felt, hut could not be expressed. Men listened, as they are aecua- lomed to do for tho echo that follows notes which come lo Iheni over walur, and they seemed disappointed when no echo was hoard ; but if an irmsistible impulse check- ed llicin at first, u universal inurinur of delight gave evidence, as soon as tlin charm had dissolved, lliat their silcneo arose from intensity of admiration, and that there is no tribute so pure, or so real, as that which cannot >"< expressed. Charlotte appeared distressed by tho very p. Ills which were intended to give her plea- sine. She rose, blushing deeply, from her instrument, and made us if she iiilendcd to cross llin saloon to a spot whore a group of gay luun(^rt woro congre|[alod to- the expression of my gaze might he, I knew not; doubt, less it nas the same which had accompanied every glance lliat I east upon her that night; but il produced a vivid, and, as I could not but observe, a painful effect upon her. Her colour fled, and she grew pale os death; then again the blood rushed to her cheek with increased violence ; her breathing beeaiiic suddenly interrupted, and she staggered as if threatened with a. fit. I saw her condition, and sprang forward to assist her; but be- fore I could reach the spot, her solf-cnmmand had re- lumed. ' I thank you,' said she, in a low tone, and with a smile beautiful but melancholy : ' I am better now, it was only a momentary faintness, occasioned by the beat of the room. But how is it that voii keep so much apart?' added she, speaking more easily, and resuming at once her naturally cheerful manner: 'I have observed you withdraw more than once, as if the fitiigue were too great for you ; or it may be that you dislike dancing- is it so?' " ' No, no,' replied I hurriedly ; ' on the contrary, 1 delight in it; and as to my health, it never was inure sound, nor were my spirit.i evirr higher. May I con. vincu you of my tasto for dancing by requesting ihn honour of your hand ? or ' and I was conscious, as I uttered the last half of the sentence, that my tone of voice, no less than my assumed gaiety, fell — ' is it allowable in us, circumstanced as we are, lo dance together ?" " ' Oh, surely,' answered she calmly ; ' why not ? We will lead oft' this dance, if you please, and you shall se- lect the figure.' " We did so ; but there was madness in the entire proceeding, — glaring, palpable madness. We danced— at least I danced — like one who knew not whether he slept or were awake ; and more tliau nnce I blundered in the very figure which I had myself consented to choose. Our hands, as n matter of necessity, frequently inci : as often as this occurred, a tin ill passed tlirougli mo like n shock of electricity, and my very brain swain confusedly. At last we gained the bottom of the set, and she rallied ine, not however without a visible effort, on my forget fulness. I tried to answer in lliu same strain of badinage, but my efTorts proved unavailing; and I felt that to remain where I was any longer, yet retain my senses, was hopeless. I rose from the couch on which we had sat down, and complaining of a sud- den indisposition, prepoied lo wilhdruw. 'Good Uod! then you ore really ill,' exclaimed she, in a voice full nf emotion; ' und I have llioir;hllessly induced you lo uo Ihut which has increased yjur indisposition.' " ' Not so,' replied I, struggling hard to appear colm; ' it is a trifling headache, which a lew nionienis of quiet will remove. I will retiie beyond the sound of music fur u while, and icturn again when I feel lictler;' and I walked away as I spoke. I opened llie diwr nf tho sn- loon, but before I clll^'ed it again, looked round. She stood as I hud quitted her, in an attitude nf anxiety niid alarm : her eye had followed my moveinents, and no'w il met mine, not designedly, but by iiistincl. Cod! what a look was that! I felt it in my heart, my soul, my brain; it stirred up thoughts, which, had they continued In hum but a moment longer, must hF.ve driven me lo insanity. I saw it ever after in my waking visions, and in my sleeping dreams; at midnight and at noonday il was equally before me. Yet what was the language that it spoke ? 1 could not tell ; I did not dare to osk: I read in it something which I desired lo road, yet which, having road, I would liavo given worlds not to have obsorvod. I ran with the step nf a maniac to ny chamber; I closed the door, locking and bulling it as if against Boiiio deadly enemy : and 1 revisited the acont of festivity that night no more. " It was lale on the following morning before th« breakfast bell rang. On nlieying its summons. I found that most of the guests of the pteooding evening were gone, bul that several still remained. All appoorcd Jaded as a matter of course ; a night of revelry soldoin fails lo bring in n nioriiiiig of languor; bul on none hnd faligiio produced so marked an enect as upon my ratlin and his bride. The former, though iiinnifeslly sliiij,'' ijling to wear the smooth brow of one at peace with ' himself and with eveiy one around him, could not ol. way* repress a frown which told a tale of iiilernal suf Ibring either in body or mind; — the latter was dejocird, thoughtful, silent, and uneasy,— and the more iineatr as her efforts lo upjicar otherwise were loo pal|Hiblc In uBonpo dvleclion, I hail done nothing to produce surh efl^cts. No, no; if there wero other causes bosiilni bodily fatigue fur the embarrassment which diiplayto itself in could p science at all, t both av mit? and, hav to conin park. "Wh striking that the even again an efTort pressing it some degri ing comple countenan "The la some houri lotto, and I one. Ho i nance, whii presaion of hard to app strove to lo( ve;sation, I and finally Charlotte, i tribuled to almost as i my liither a other's soci " For SOI my thoughl whither, w pushing thi my inothor. ty of mann sure that it have produi my seat at spirit had b| ing toward* watching, ti a hill ; and BO far comn appoored to may easily 1 speak, great her suLMi on bestow upoi tcresl. " ' I am g the same toi upon the se and exeellei enccd, no du fecial ion. 1 such aa to ir like her. Si of the kind ; every posaib THE fJENTJ.E RECRl'IT. 41 lught mine : what I knew not ; doubt- iccoinpanied every It; liiit il produced rvf, a painful effect yrew pale as death; leek with increased Jdenlv interrupted, with a. fit. I saw I assist her ; but be- f-coininand had re- L low tone, and with lorn better now, it :asioncd by the licat icepsoinurh apart!' id resuming at once have observed you ic liiiigue were too u di&liko (lancing ~ 'on the contrary, I , it never was mora ighcr. May I con- r by requesting ihn I was conscious, ai ice, that my tone of gaiety, fell—' is it » we are, to dance ily ; 'why not? W» sc, and you shall se- idnoss in the entire ness. We danced— new not wlirthcr lie BU once I blnndereil myself consented to necessity, frequently Ihiill pas'sed Ihrougli my very brain swam le bottom of the set, Ithout a visible effort, answer in llio same s proved unavailing; I was any longer, yet I rnso I'roiu the couch ninpluining of a end- Iraw. 'Good God! ^ in a voice full nf nducod you to lio [lo.-'ition.' lard to appear calm; w nioiiienls of quiet the sound of music feci licller;' and I the dixir of the sn- looked round. She lude nf anxiily aiiil inovoinents, and now iistiiicl. Cod! what my soul, my brnin; they continued to litvo driven me to waking visions, and it and at noojiday it was the language did not dare tu ask : desired to road, ye*, iven worlds not to nf a maniac to i-\v and bolting it as if revisited the acont morning before the sumiiionR. I found gding evening were ned. All appeared It of revelry seldom but on none hud t as upon my father h iiianifeally striig- Olio at peace wilh him, could not al lalo of internal suf llultor was dejected, the more imeaty I'ro too paljmblv to Ing to produce riirli llier causes bosidni lit which displajM itself in the maimer of the ncw-married couple, no blame could possibly attach to mo. Why then did my con- science sting me 7 or rather, why did the suspicion arise at all, that there were other causes besides that which both avowed, and which all but myself appeared to ad- mit ? 1 blushed internally as these questions occurred, and, having hastily concluded my meal, 1 walked abroad to commune with my own heart in the solitude ot the park, '•When 1 reached the house, the hall clock was striking a third quarter ; and on looking up, I perceived that the dinner hour wns close at hand. 1 hurried oft to my own apartment ; but before I reached il, souiid.s smote upon my ear, which caused me unconsciously to stop. It was iiccessary, in order to reach my own, that I should pass my fatiier's dressing room, the door ol which happened to be njar. Heaven knows, there is no eharaclcr so contemptible in my eyes as that of an eves- dropper; nor am 1 conscbus that in taking the step which I took then. I incurred the guilt— for guilt il surely is— of seeking to pry into the secrets of others ; but there was a magic in Charlotte's voice which I never could resist. Its tones fell around me, and I paused to diink them in, more gratefully than the wanderer in the desert diiiiks from a well where no water was anti- cipated. My feelings may be guessed at, when 1 dis- covered that she spoke not in joy but in sorrow. The words I could not overhear — I did not desire to overhear them ; — but the tones wore those of deep distress — of bitter heartfelt misery. Then came the sound of my father's voice, stern, as I had been told it was when ad- dressed to my mother. I could bear this no longer. Plausible as ho was when strangers stood by, and smooth and oily as his outward manner might bo, it was evident, that in private he gave vent to his cruel disposition, and that he exercised his cruelty upon his bride. 1 felt every vein in my forehead and temples swell, as the idea rose into my mind. I rushed forward, a curse trembling u|>on my tongue, a curse directed even against the author of my being, nor was it without an effort almost supernatural that I succeeded in re- pressing it. But I did suppress il. I even calmed in ' some degree the frenzy that raged within mo ; and hav- ing completed my toilette, I descended with an unrutHed countenance to the dining ruuin. "The last of our party had taken their departure some hours before, and we sat down, my fattier. Char- lotto, and I, to a family meal. It was not a comfortable one. He indeed had put on that rigidity of counter nance, which he desired should be mistaken for an oX' presainn of pertbct good humour; whilst 1 struggled hard tn appear in my usual spirits; and even Charlotte strove to look — what she felt not — liappy. Kut our con- ve.'sation. Icing on all hands forced, soon became flat, and finally died away into more questiijii uiid answer Charlotte, indeed, coiiiph-iiied uf illness, which she at tribuled to the exertions of last nighl, and quitted us almost as soon as the cloth was withdrawn; and tlicii my lather and I were loll to enjoy, as we might, each other's society. " For somo minutes neither party had spoken, and my thoughts wcro beginning to wander 1 scarce knew whither, when my father, after filling his glass, and pushin;7 the bottle to iiic, desired to know how I liked my mother-in-law. I do not believe that any peculiari- ty of manner accompanied this question, — I am quite ■uro that it was a natural one, and one which ought to have produced no sueh etVect u|ion me ; but I started in my seat at tho words, and turned round, as if un evil spirit had spoken. My father was not so much as look- ing towards me: ho sat with his elbow upon tlin table, watching, to all apjiearance, the sun, as ho sat lichind a hill; and though n second or tAo elapsed ere I could 10 far command myself as to rejriy, he either took, or appeared to take, no notice of my embarrassment. As may easily bo iniagiiied, I expressed myself, when I did ■peak, greatly delighted with tho lady ; I passed u|iun her such ordinary eulogiums as men aro accustomed tu bestow upon women in whom they take no great in tcred. " ' I am glad you are (ilcasod with lior,' roplied he, in tho same tone uf IndlHeieiico, and still gaxlng steadily upon tho setting sun. ' Shu is un extremely amiable and excellent person, somewhat young and inexpcri cnccd, no duiibt; but perfectly free Iroiii dceeit and af- foctatiun. Yet your maniier towards her has not been such as to impress her with the belief that you really like her. So she says iit least, fur I have seen nothing of the kind; hut she cuiiipliiius that you shun her on every possible occasion, and that if liy any accident you cannot cffeel your escape, your uddiess is always formol, and your air distant. Surely you are above the silly Iceling which somelinies urycs men to be jealous ol their tiilhcrs' wives.' " He turned round as lie 8|Kjkc ; but llioiiirli I did my best to rend his secret thniights, I could discover no- thing in the glance of Ins eye beyond the expression naturally connected with tlie subject of our conversation. Ilelieved beyond measure nt this, 1 hastened to ussiure him that no such paltry sentiments were encouraged by me, and I strove to accimnl for a shyness, of which I was too conscious to deny it, by reminding him of the brief standing of our acquaintance, and llio peculiar cir- cumstaii' J under which il commenced. All this seemed to bo If .Ml lis I could have wished. Ho admitted that our firs, inlorview was not sncli as to lead to an imnio- diate intiinary, but hoped that lime would gradually dispel every unpleasant association which that might have produced, and that, before long, we should be on the footing of easy familiarity which tho connection subsisting between us demanded. Besides,' continued he, 'you are so nearly of the same age, that to treat one another wilh coldness or excess of delcrence were ridiculous. i>lic must he to you rather as a sister than a mother, — indeed, she ought perhaps to have been your wife rather than mine.' "I cannot tf l whether my own heart deceived mo, but, as he uttered tlieso words, I fancied that 1 could detect in the corner of his eye a lurking suspicion, the more hideous as il was not intended to be seen. If I was right, the expression lasted but for an instant, — so abrupt indeed were both its coming and going, that thought itself could hardly overtake it, — and then all was again smooth and placid. The speech itself, how- ever, was sufficient to embarrass mo, for I was at a loss not only how to reply, but how lo understand il ; so I stammered out something almut behaving on all occa- sions to my father's wifu as her station in the family required. My lather took no notice of llicso expressions. He changed the subject, indeed, almost immediately ; and the remainder of our tele-H-lele passed off as such conferences were accustomed to do. "1 know not why I have dwelt thus minutely upon the occurrences which marked tho commencement of Charlotte's and my acquaintance. In themselves, I am aware that they possess few claims upon the notice of a stranger; yet their influence upon mo was great and lasting — so lasting, indeed, as to control my entire des- tiny. They have left, too, an impression upon my mind so de ji, that years will not suffice to blol it out, shoulil years of a hated existence be forced upon me. But I will strive to wiito more concisely hereafter : 1 will dwell upon nothing which the nature of the task which I have im|)uscd u|>uii myself will sutler me to puss by. " Days, weeks', nay, months passc^d away witliout the occurrciieo of any incident particularly deserving of no- tice. For a time tlio course of gaiety in which he had embarked, was pursued by my falher with sieady reso- lution, and visits were f're(|ueiitly paid to our neighbours, as lliey in their turn were frequently entertained at home. But by degrees his old humour began again to obtain the ascendency over him. His pride and ill-lmmour broke out on more tlian one occasion, with a violence which no equal could endure; and his neighbours, as a necessary consequence, grew cold in civilities which seemed so little valued, and were so thanklessly received. This change on their |)art operated only to rouse the natural implacability of his temper. A slight ottered or received, sufficed to put an end at once to all farther intercourse with the ollending party, no matter how gross and glaring the provocation might be. In this luunner, first one, then imotlier of our visiters fell oil', till was lel> once more in the stale uf almosl total solitude which for merly distinguished il. " In proiH>rtiun as this state of things attained its cli- max, iny lather's retired and unsocial habits resumed tlieir aseendoney over himself. His voice recovered its natural tones ; ho rarely spoke except in anger, or which was infinitely worse, in bitter raillery, 'llio society of his wife apjK'ared to |iossess no charms for him, and mine he rather Hhunned than courted. We never saw him, indeed, except at meals, for his mornings were B|H'iit con- stantly in the library, and he retired thither again as soon as the dinner ended ; and as In any act of kindness or at- leiilion, neither the one nor the oilier received such nt his hands. I need not after this observe that the feeling so np|His('d to love, which I had struggled tu subdue, again op|iiesscd mu as often as a 'houglil of my father (K'cnrrcd ; whilst jioor Charlotte's ilrcau of him tweaiiic before long too conspicuous to be coneenled. " The conscqucuco of all this was, that she and I were thrown continually upon one another I'or i-oeiely, for con- solation, I had almost said for support; whilst llie reserve which had hitherto subsisted between us melted gra- dually away. " instead of separating for the rest of the moniing, as we had been accustomed to do nt the brcakfiist table, wo found ourselves occupying llie :i;.iiic apaitinent — she busied with her needle or lier pc iieil, iind I reading aloud the work of some author equally a favourite witii both. Then came the time of exercise ; and our walks, our rides, our drives, were felt to possess many additional at- tractions, now that they were taken, not separately, but tegelhcr. Music, too, lent its powerful attractions. Our tastes here, as in literature, accorded ; and the songs which she sang with the liveliest satislaelioii to herself, were listened to by me with a feeling loo deep even ibr tears. Need I say how all this ended ? Wedded to one whom she had never loved, whose years alone had been sulficienl obstacle lo a union so revolting, and treated, even within a few months from her bridal day, not with indifference only, but with liarshiicss and brutality ; can il be wondered at, if she unconsciously gave to another that which was no longer hers lo give ? No ; even though that other was the son of her husband, and, as a necessary consequence, a being from whom she wos di- vided by a gulf never lo be passed — who can blame her? She but obeyed the impulses which nature has implanted in every bosom ; and obeying them without a conscious- ness of the results to which they lead, she was innocent. Bu. for me — no such excuse was mine. I sav the chasm before mc — plainly, clearly, saw it. I knew even from the first, that to remain near her, yet retain the mastery over myself, was impossible. Then why did I not leave her ? Why did I not abandon my home for ever '. — a home which till she entered il, possessed no attractions, and which now thai she was there, ought to have been regarded with horror. I cannot answer these questions. There was a spell uiwn me, which drove me on, wilh eyes open and senses wide awake, into the abyss that some power higher than my own will had prepared for mc ; and I followed its impulse, like a sheep led to the slaughter, without so much as making one struggle to resist it. " In this manner the remaining portion of summer rolled on, and autumn came in, with all liis variegated hues ond sombre rtauty. How delicious were the walks which we took at that glorious season, amidst groves dark with decaying foliage ! How soothing were the momrnlft which we s|)enl under some tall beech, or umbrageous elm, whilst the dead leaves shaken from the branches at every breath, fell one by one at oiu I'eet ! True, the thought of parting came but too frequently into our minds', for the period of my sojourn at lioine was draw- ing rapidly to a close ; but the parting hour was yet by several weeks distant; and when did young heart, learn to anticipate distress? Never: at those blessed moments, (lor blessed 1 must still regard them,) every thing was Ibrgotten beyond the events of the passing hour. Yet let me not be misunderstood. Never had there passed between us m\t word, one syllable, one allusion which the angels of light would have blushed to witness. Our love, if such it must be called, was wholly unmixed with every earthly and deba.-ing passion. She was to me an object of adoration — an idol — to lie gazed upon in holy rapture, but with a rupUire sanelilied by the most pro- foimd respect; whilst to her, I was as the linilher of her afl'ections — tlu' friend on whom alone she leaned for aid in her ditlieulties, and consolation in her griefs. Could there be auglil impure in the intercourse of persons ac- tuated by ihesc Henliments, and these only ? Why was was it, then, that such moments never iailed lo bring in tlieir train, hours of agony and remorse ? " Tho fatal (leriod, so often thought of, and to ,vliieh every allusion had been, as it were studiously avoided, eaiiic at last. The middle of October arrived, and brought with it the necessity for my immediate iibundonment of and return to college. For some days previously, our intercourse, though not less constjint than before, had been accompanied with a degree of restraint perfectly novel. The truth is, that we were equally desirous (if hiding the sorrow of which both were equally conscious, ond tlic effort necessary to ensure success, caused us to apiwar strange in each other's eyes. But the attempt, though nobly mnde, and for a while steadily |H'rscverod in, proved ultiiiiutely useless. Feeling, if it be really strong, will break through every restraint liotli of pru- dence and duty ; and ours were fur too iin|K'tuoua not to sweep all such barriers before them. " It was now the day preceding that which had Iwcii fixed for the commrncemeiit of my journey. It waa Suiiday.too— that day of holy ro»t, which in the country, •M m f: '*'■' iiT 'V>»j', ri'i ■ Hi it ■I I' i 'f. 42 THE cicntm: recruit. at luast, never dawns witlio ut bringing a blessing along jevery trace of (oars from her cheeks ; and onee more 'C 1' iV' . with it both u|)on man and beast ; and Charlotte and my- Kelt', according to our invariable practice, attended divine service togctlier. .My tiitlu'r was not of the party ; in- deed, many years had elapsed since he last beheld the interior of a church, of which, and of the clergy, it was too much his custom, if he sjioiic at all, to sjieak in terms of contempt " Not at any moment of my life was I conscious of devotional feelings deeper or more engrossing than came over me on tliis occasion. I prayed, I say not fervently, hut bitterly ; the very tears made their way through the hands in which my face was buried ; my whole soul seemed abstracted from earthly considerations, and even Charlotte was, for a time, forgotten. How she was af- fected I know not ; for, from the commcnccruent of tlie service to its close, I never once beheld her, so entirely was my attention given up to the solemn business in which I was engaged. " We did not return home as soon as the service con- cluded ; but Charlotte passing her arm through mine, we sauntered on towards our favourite retreat in the beech- wood. We sat down as usual, just within the shelter of the grove, on a mound from whence a view of the whole landsca|)e could be obtained, whilst we were ourselves concealed from observation. The day was beautifully mild and serene ; there was not a cloud in the sky, nor a breath of air astir sufficiently violent to shake a witli- ercd leaf from its stiim. A universal silence was around us, broken only by the full, clear, and melodious notes of a thrush, which poured, from a brake hard by, a torrent of natural music. We looked abroad, too, upon a scene of no ordinary bisauty — upon herds of deer quietly graz- ing — upon the modest church, more than half concealed in the grove that encircled it — upon hamlets, villages, and solitary cottages, reposing in the sanctity of the sab- bath ; but of hinnun beings not a trace could be discerned. There was soTuething iu this perfect solitude particularly atfeeting to persons in our situation : we did not inter- rupt it by any attempt at conversation, to whicli we felt ourselves quite unequal, but sat in silence, whilst visions the most melancholy passeil over our minds, like the shadows of clouds on a sununer's day over tlic side of a hill. " At last, the gradual inclination of the sun towarermitted. '1'Ih' words, not less than the manner of the ■IKMiker, ri'stored to- \w at once my self-eommnnd. T jtereeived that she had not observed the spectacle wliieli iiad so dreadfully sJKwkrd me ; and determined not to distress her by any intimation of the truth, I pretended thiU a sudden di/./.iness liiid coine over me, to which 1 WM occasionally subject. I then urged her to clear away taking her arm in mine, led her, at a quick pace, to the liouse. " We parted in the hall, ('Imrlotte going to the draw- ing room, whilst I hurried oH' to my own apartment, to indulge in a train of ideas more hideous than hail ever yet entered into my mind. Could it be that my fiitlier entertained any suspicion of my honour, or his wife's fidelity ? Could he act the part of a spy u|)qii us, all the while that he pretended to desire our intimacy ? Above all, was it possible for him to have witnessed all that passed in the beech-wood ? \Vliat then I Had we been guilty of any deed, or s|)okcn a single word, of which there was real cause to be ashamed / No ! Whatever our feelings might have been, at least they were not dis- closed; and the embrace, — was it more than the peculiar circumstances in which we stood authorised .' Had I done aught besides what was enjoined upon me, in he having towards (,'harlotte as a brother, and a friend .' \nd was it not natural, on the eve of parting, that we should exhibit some such proofs that we looked lorward lo the separation with regret ! .\ll these questions I strove to answer to my own satisfaction ; but there was a fiend in the back ground which eoiitinually reminded me, that the answers, though true in letter, were false in pirit. How conscience does make cowards of us ! Had tny own heart been able to acquit me, there would have been nothing in inture besides capable of stirring up one painful rcHection ; but my heart did not aeiiuit me, and all iiiy anticipation.^ were, in consequence, terrible. I thought of the injury I had done, and of its [trobable punishment — a punishment to be poured out not upon me alone, for that I could have borne, but uiwn one dearer to me than life — to secure whose happiness I would have been content to sacrifice not only present peace, but eter- nity itself I thought of Charlotte, not merely neglected and occasionally chid, as was her fiite now ; but upbraid- ed, insulted, disgraced, turned out u|>on a eold world, with a re|)utatioii blasted, and a broken liiart, whilst I, the miserable cause of all this, could not otter to her so much as the last refuge of the guilty and the desperate. Madilened with 'lie horrid picture, 1 threw myself with iny face upon the bed, my whole frame shaking in con- vulsive ogony, till the sw-eat-drops s'ood upon my brow liktr dew, and my brain burned as if it had Iwen on fire. " l{y degrees, however, hope, that inextinguishable principle in minds not utterly seared, began to exert its influence. There were no proofs before me, either that iiiy father was really suspicious, or that, being so, he had watched our proceedings ; still less had coiielusive evi- dence appeared, that our proceedings on that day were observed. At the moment when I saw him, he was too liir removed from the spot where we had sat, to overhear our conversation, had such passed between us ; and the shape of the wood was, I I'elt confident, such, as to screen our very figures from his observation. Should the ciLse be so, tiien all might yet bo well, and 1 should leave Charlotti! exposed to no greater risks and miseries than were already about her. Hut should it not, — I would not receive! that imiiression again. There was some- thing within, which whisin'red tliat all could not be lost. We were not sullieiently guilty to merit utter perdition ; and Heaven was too just to destroy on aicouiitof errors purely iiivoliiutaiy, and only of the mind. No, no; my tears iiud been too excessive, and I did wrong to iiiliilge tlieni. At all events, there was no advantage to be de- rived from the aiilieipa^ivi of evil ; of the coining of which, if it were to com', f should sikiu receive tokens not to bo misunderstood ; so 1 determined to eoiiiiiiand mysell", and to be guided in my judgment of what was lilii'ly (o tall out, by the behaviour of my (iillier when we met. " 'I'hus reasoning, I made Inisti) to change my dress, id deseended lollie ilining r lom. Just a:: I reurlied the door of his apartment, my tiither eanie tiirth, and 1 llmnil, that howi'ver sturdy resolutions may be whilst the necessity of acting up to them is remote, they hold bill an insecure ground if suddenly put to the test. .My heart U'at icioii8 were lit Btep and a joyous to tliv diniiig-rooni ; on than 1 had btin y or melancholy, arc ^ take a real hiteres* ■tlicr. We had no* I which atfirst mark- iway, and she joined ich I was the prime y father, too, seem- iistitutional coldncsM, ^ of my sojourn an I was his manner to- ihat had I not been cnt, that very affcc- [uiek. I was, Iiow- that my fears were insidcration of minor leted and spoke, not ■ed to him by the most jonrney to be taken rallied me in this; a wliieh I could not ith in the same tone lyeet. That the ex- vine profusely ; and IS, encouraged me in By and by, Cliar- t flutter of the pulse lit sense of apprehen- I ; but nothing wliat- nn, I again became jottle, tii'l I ci'rtainly, liecaine considerably our orgic at last, and ,e rest of Vhe evening xquisite music, reii- cssed in the tones of lim were harsh and ppearcd to feel tliaf it was necessary for I few even of the do- my best to appear aiety of countenance had been worn in likewise struggled succeeded so well, ncath which a tor- tile first to speak, g out his hand; prolonging a scene gli it bo for a short kiss your mother — her not to break Christmas.' his hand, and wiis the latter part It had never been ig any of the shorter ther in Cambridge, ge friends, whoi^e nu from the seat of le now from an uh- eibly strike nic. I there was an air of fully satisfied me vidiciusly. Still 1 knows, my inelina- ed as they |Miiiited III the pro|H>sitioii, icf; but there wn« enre olone, lest my me to apiR'ar uii- X- ilii i pleasure of your Jitlier ; ' I nin sure |uth till we see you ' with llilstruaul, liles, and looks tor- ' pronnimeed with Ivus low and plniii- |ieart, nnd put in ' You will not |lie : * liir my snki', vhul he asks.' Il |t I leslruiiied my ■ aa to reply, in » tone meant to lie that of inditlereiice, that ogainst such entreaties I could not think of standing out. 1 felt, however, that to dissemble much longer would be impos. Fible. I accordingly took her hand, imprinted upon her cheek a cold, formal kiss, then snatching up my candle, hurried away to the privacy of my own apartment. " I need not say that to me that was a night of intense and overivhelming misery. The sti^is wliich I had taken to supimrt my courage, however etl'eetual tliey might have been at tlic moinent, told, now that 1 was alone, fearfully .iirainst me ; fortlio e.vcitcment produced by wine soon evaporated, and Icit me more than ever a prey to desponileiiey and self reproach. I could not lie down; I did not so much as think of undressing ; but, with a brain distracted by a thousand tearful forebodings, and a fever raging through every vein, paced my cham- ber backwards and forwards, with the step of a luaniac. Yet the images which passed through my mind that night, left no marked or definite form lioliiiid them. I bi'lieve indeed that they were too wild to assume a defi- nite form, — that they were rather the shadows of terri- ble ideas, than ideas themselves,— vague, indislinot, un- certain, pointing to nothing tangible, nor resting u|)on any palpabk; foundation, but painful as the operations of a confused dream, when nothing more is remembered than that it was the source of exquisite distress. The truth is, tliat though conscience might have told a hide- ous tale, I was not sullieiently brave to let her voice be heard. Had I possessed courage enough, or candour enough, to listen tr that monitor, the cause of my agony would have been at once displayed, and possilily all that followed might have been avoided ; but I closed my ears against a warning note, which would have smindnd har.sli- ly in proportion to its truth, ali^ I have paid the full penalty of my own weakness, " I pass over the events which iinmediately followed, partly because I myself retain of them but an indistinct recollection, and partly because, were the case otherwise, the detail could e.xcite no interest in the mind of a straii ger. fjCt it sutHcc to state, that morning found me thus occupied, not a siiigk^ preparation having Ik'cu made for iny journey, and that when the arrival of the carriage was announced, I only began to take steps, which under other circumstances would have liecn taken iiioiiy hours Iwfore. Notwithstanding the delay thus occasioned, however, 1 saw nothing eitluir of my father or Charlotte. I think their usual hour of descending to tlie breaktiist- room had arrived previous to my dc^iarlure, — I am almost confirlcnt that it had ; yet they made not their ap- peariince, and the very shutters of their apartments re iiiaiiied closed as I passed under them. 1 did not look np again ; on the contrary, I threw myself back in the rlviise with the firm determination of forc:iiig my llinughts into another channel : — how far 1 succeeded need not In? told. " At noon on the following day, I readied Cambridge ; but how changed in every resjieet since last I traversed its venerable streets ! I had lieeii an enthusiast once in the studies of the place ; I liad aspired to the attainment iif neadeiiiie honours, and Wiis not vs'ithout a hope of suc- eeediiig to the utmost; whilst at the same time no man ever entered more freely into the gaieties, nor enjoyed more heartily the society of his fellow-students. Now I loathed tlicm all: my books were neglected; my friends were nvoide.il ; I shut myself up in my chambers, a gloomy and diseonteiiled wretch, that I might ponder in solitude u|)on the single and horrible idea which began almut this time to take possession of my mind. " Tiiere are few ancient houses which have not a tra- ditionary saying handed down from generation to gene. Mtic.ii, with which, in some way or other, the fate of the race is sup|)osed to Is' eomieelid. As I havt^ already slaleil, ours was one of the oldest lliniilies in th,^ north lit' I'nglcind, as il had liirmerly Iwcn one of the most powerful; and we were not without our ominous pro. pliecy, though when, or iu> what oecasioii s|H)keii, I never heard. Voii must know that we JM'ar as a device upon our shield, three young falcons, with a faleoii like- wise lor our crest. Whether the rhyme has lelirenee to these circumstances, no one presumed to sny ; but there was a distieh well-known in the fuinily, whieli ob- t.nned an increased importani^c in conscqueiiee of the eoiiieideiire, and wlii<'li was supposed to forebode, that lit some period or other, the house of would be- eouie violently extinel. It was this i * 'rill* of vn\ rne the Imur, When Its* xitiniu liiiwlf liurrles il-e iihl h:iwk'ii Iiowit.' "I have said that this venerahli- distieh was well- known to every member of the family. It had been re- IM'nleil to me a hundred times, at least, by my nurse; and even my father, during an occasional gleam of ^oo(^ humour, had more than once alluded to it ; but, as may well be believed, it never made upon me a greater im- pression than any other couplet of similar import and anti<|uity. Now, however, the case was difierent. I be- gan to "see it in the propheti(! character which had all along been allixcd to it by others. I took particular no- tice of its fitness, with relcrcncc to the armorial bearings of the house; and as the allusion could hardly be to an ordinary sjioliation, iiiy excited imagination was not slow ill (liscoverhig another and more apt point of ten- dency. To speak out at once, — I fancied that the day of our house's downfall had come, — that I was the mis- creant by whose sacrilegious means its ruin was to he etlected, — that I had already harried the nest of my fa- ther, by stealing away the atrections of his wife, and that the |)enulty threatened would not fail to he exacted. No language would do justice to the effect produced upon me by this hideous conviction. I have sat motionless during an entire morning, ruminating upon the prophe- cy till all liiilli in the power of my own will to regulate my actions vanished; and I h.ive risen, not furious, nor even excited, but calmly and deliberately convinced, that there was a path before me in which 1 could not avoid to walk, though the precipice to which it conducted was not for iui instant concealed. " It was not custoniary between my father and my self to keep up any frc(|ueiit or regular epistolary com munication. In case either (larty had business to trim saet with the other, then indeed the usual silence was broken ; hut letters of afi'ection merely had never passed between us, from the hour at wliich I first (piittcd home for school. Under these circumstances, I had no right to expect thiit any notice of what might Ik; passing at Wfmld be transmitted to me ; and as often as I |K'rmitted sober reason to exert her jiower, tiiis truth failed not to come conspicuously into view. Kut sober reason possesses but a very interrupted, as well as feeble influcuee, over a mind engrossed by one tumultuous and fatal passion. Morning after morning I examined iiiy breakfiist-table for that which was not, and ought not to have been looked for there ; and on each occasion 1 felt as if some serious injury had been done, such as I was justified in desiring to revenge. In short, I ceased cither to think or act like a man in his senses, — I be- came, to all intents and purposes, insane. " Slowly and drearily the time rolled on ; but, slow and dreary as was its progress, it drew gradually to a close. It was now that a wild joy, scarcely more en- durable than the eriisal produced ii|ioii me. If I felt interest*'r. tillery opened their fire, and with a precision far eurpnis- ing any thinj; of which I could liave formed a conccp. ■i SAR VTOOA. 4.1 ms (lashing Ibrward, our people as tlirv from wull to wall, — asioii the skirniiiihcrs 9 into circles, iind to jht. They were not, re. Some prisoners al hrave men sabred ; rtlicr opposition was : division, now drawn n along Uic brow of s, as if to give their irrangements, and to iioment of deep and iring having ceased, le another, in all tliu st niagniticcnt array; ty und proud daring;, to cease beating for ngly fine, was not of ending off two lesser our flanks, drew up column of infantry, jrniixed, with several ig saluted us with a mrteen pieces of can. 'hich we found it no cventa which immc- inute or accurate de- f our own and of the the roar of fire-orms, a smoke dense as tlic i city of London, soon ' immediate front in- ' perhaps ten minutes ; : irom the head of the w every instant nearer umerously supplied at , and the tremendous IS rendered it continu- cry from the French, ngling of voices in all gave notice that t ey to the charge. I c i. age at the very mo- clincd the challenge, le, two tliirds of their ed witli the wounded, ngle battalion would nd men, cheered for- dgc tliat a numerous act witli them. Our lo means of rallying c could halt on lliis 10 confusion towards could be crossed, re, that the pickets, ng joined by parties ppose tio much of a iiad it not been so, roll or been cut to bed it, was literally tuguese having Hod d as it was, our re. eiiiy were enabled to om the tire of wliicli Uio passage was, iji ving halted onioii|» round, whicli over- aced about to resitt to pursue us farther. Icrous nor des|)orali'. 1 charge boldly to- TOSS, but that troop erman Hussars, and rciaainder. nek, n few minutes' il Craufurd, and ihc no, encouraging the xamining their ar. c enemy Imving re crown the ridg<; nl " it were their intoii. dgi', and carry mir nee arrived within I move, than our ar. Irceision far surpass- formed a concop- lion. First, their shrapnelU striking full into the centre of tlio column, caused large gaps to a|.pcar ; then eaine -Hhc case and grai)c shot, literally swcepmg down whole gnctions, till the enemy, panic-struck, first halted, then wavered, then fled over the ridge in the greatest confu- sion. This was the last effort made to drive us from our "new aligncmcnt. Though the smoke from their bivouac showed that they still hovered near, no further attempt was made to pass the Coa ; and we, fallowing their ex- ample caused our men to pile their arms, and lay down to rest about our watch fires. It was not, however. General Craufurd'a design to await a renewal of the attack ; to which, indeed, he had •■exposed himself in ii'{l ici (Srni'iul lluruoyne'a" i^laleof llm Expc- Jiiiohlhiml'aiinila," anil In llic '' I.iucrnaii.i Mdnnirn rulailiiiito thi' «»r olAiiiicicnn hule|»'iulcni'«, ami the cnplurt- nl'lliu (ii-riimn iriHipn ni Hnrnliipa, liy Madiiini' il« Hi-idwl," a Irnmlailoii of which fruni the (iiTiimii npiMnrid in ^cw York In lrt!7. Il In rniher an inlprvitlim book , ninl |n'rlm|ia Ihe only Joiinml o( tlin prriml fruiii a fiiiiHlc \KH. We luivi' fldiluil a IV'w iiuivi lllinirnllvn of Ihi- li'xl. This Btoiy illfliirBiilly Ircaiiil, would (imiicrly form part of a work, yd tobi' wrIMeii, uiider the lltlu "( " lloinnnce of lllntflry. Aiiio rlra, " fur which noiplr iiiateilali e.xliil both In the iiortlicrii and viallirrii comlnoiils.— K(J. accrue to the cause of loyalty and Ihitish interests tliroughout America at large. The corps of wliieli General Burgoyne assumed the command, consisted, as I need scarcely inform iny pre- sent auditors, of rather more than seven thousand men. It was made up of three thousand seven hundred and twenty.four British, three thousand and sixteen German soldiers of the line ; four hundred and seventy-three artillery-men, und two hundred and fifty Provincials ; and the train of guns attached to it, fell not short of brty pieces, including cannons, mortars, and royals, of all kinds and calibres. I know very well that in these times it is a common practice to speak slightingly of the eiiuipmcnts and general appearance of the troops wliieli served during the firat Aintyican war. No doubt, some of their appointments were ridiculous enough ; the little three cornered hat, for example, was but an incuiivcMient covering for a head liable to constant ex|)osurc both to sun and shower, — and the tight breeches and gailcrs, with the long flapped coat, were not exactly calculated to give the greatest elasticity to the limbs, or freedom to the body. But in spite of these defects, if such they de- serve to be called, you must |)erniit me, who have looked u|K)n the soldiers of both periods, to declare, that I never beheld a finer or more imposing band than was brought on this eventful day under my observation. The men were, fijr the most part, in the prime of life, well made, robust, hardy, and active ; they appeared to enjoy the finest health, and their spirits were mantling to the brim; whilst among the oflicers, one disposition, and one only, prevailed, from the hoary veteran down to the unfledged standard-bearer. They were all confident of success, and spoke and acted, not like persons embark- ing upon a business beset with perils, and of dubious issue, but as if a more triumphal journey were before them. I have said that this splendid regular army was ac companied by two hundred and fifty Provincials, raised for the service immediately in view, and acting as militia only. These men, on whose acquaintance with the nature of Indian warfare, und the general face of the country, considerable reliance was placed, wore not embodied into one corps or battalion ; on the con- trary, thoy were divided into four independent comp-v nics, called Rangers, or Marksmen ; of which three were composed of Canadians, the descendants of Frenchmen, and oflicercd by their own feudal chiefs, or Seigneurs, — whilst one, made up of Scottish emigrants, or lliedescen dantsofold soldiers who hadostablished themselves along the St Lawrence as settlers, was headed by a gallant con- tryiiien of their own, by name Fraser. The latter com- pany received, as without incurring the charge of undue partiality I may be permitted to assert that it deserved markcil attention fiom the general commanding. One hundred young men, unrivalled in point of bodily strength and activity, composed it; whoso habits from tlinii childhood had been such as to inure them to the duties of light troops, and whoso aim with their own weapon, the rifle, was unerring, There was not an individual among them, who would have been at a loss to find his way, had he been cast into the centre of a wilderness, provided only he were informed in what direction the |)oiiit to bo attained lay, and could obtain a sight of the sun by day, and the stars by night ; and as to privations, cold, hunger, thirst, and bodily fatigue, they all ij a man set such at defiance. It was my good fortune to commence my military career in that very distinguished company. Being nearly related to its commander, as well as his personal acquaintance, I roadi ly accepted bis invitation to accompany him in the character of a volunteer : with tho assurance, not from him only, but from those higher in rank and of su|icrior influence, that tho fir&. commission which should fall va- cant, should bo conlbrred upon me. A young soldier is seldom very tardy in obeying tho signal which summons him to tho o|icmngof his maidtn campaign. Tho night of tho 7th had been lo mo a sleep- less one. Awaroof tho mighty movomcnts which wore in preparation, my mind was a great deal too busy in comparing tho imst with tho future, to |icrmit my body to obtain much rest ; and when I did fall into a dose, it was to dream sometimes of homo and the scenes of do. meitic happiness which had passed there, sometimes of my prnspoots, and intended behaviour bolbro thoennmy. iVom such a slumber as this, you wilt not bu surprised to learn tliat the first blast of tho bugle mused mo, I lea|)cd out of bed in a moment; hurried through my toilette as if life and death dsiiondedon its completion ; and then, with all the ardour of a volunteer of leven- teen, sallied forth into the atroat. Here all was bustle and preparation; llie Imm ot' voices, thu hurried tiead of IVct, llic ralllu or:irnis. ami the or-casional liricf wnrdof command, gave notice that, even in the dark, men know their staliniis, and that llicy jostled one annliier in oider to reach the several piiiiits where confu.sioii would give place to alisoliite order. Thi.s slate of things was not, however, of long contiiiu- aiite. IJolurc the iiicri'asing dawn reiidcird ohjoels dis- linclly visible, tin; only sound heard was a sfirt ofslilled shuflliiig, as if ollieers were paa.-ing along the fronts of companies tn ascertain thai lliey were cnrrd lly formed ; and then, fi)r the space of a i|uartrr of an hour, or perhaps soiiielliini; iiiore, all was as silejit as l!;e •rrave. Like thiisc about me, I had tahoii my wniiled slalimi on the liL^htof the company, ami was walching with on aii.vicly, such as t never expel ioneed lic!i)rc, llie c;riidiial ap|iroacli of day, when a roll of drunis, t:iUon ii|) in tins rear, and passing on slowly to the IVojit.gave nuliee that the general himself was on Ihd ground. I lorki'd back, iiui my glance fell upon a s|)ectaelc well calcul ited to inspire the most timid with courage and conlidence. Upwards of lour tliousand men were hchind nie, Ibrm- ed in tho nicest order into columns of subilivisioii', an;ciieral and his suite passed on waved triumphantly in a slight breeze, which rose with the sun. As tho inomiled cavalcado swept along, regiment after regiment stood at attention, with bayonets fixed and muskets shouldered, till at lust it came to our turn, whoso station lay at tho ' head of the parade, to receive our chief. We did so advancing our rifles, and holding ourselves steady to the front ; while the general, pulling oft" bis hat, answered tho saluto with a low bow. He then addressed himself to Captain Fraser in terms of highcommcnd^ition as to the appear- ance and steadiness of his men ; spoko cbceringlyto the men themselves, by reminding them of the honorable post which they held ; and then solemnly wishit.g God speed to the riglit and thoarmsof our king and country! ave the word to advance. It was answered by a hearty cheer, which rolled back like thunder from battalion lo battalion; alter which we struck ofl" into threes from tho right of companies, and tho marcn began. Long before this final movement was made, every door and window in .Montreal was crowded with spectators, who bade us farewell with the waving of handkerchiefs, and some of them oven witli tears. Doubtless there were many in this warlike group, who fell at the mo- ment what it is to leave behind those whom they value more than lite itself. For my own part, however, lex- perienced no such sensation. My acquainlaiice c.Ktcnd- ed no farther than to the family wliOie I had been ac- cidentally billeted, and from whom, to say the truth, I had received no particular marks of alleiition; so I repli- ed to the salutations of the people with iho most perlijcl indift'erenco and moved on. Jn a few moments all thought of them and of the city was laid aside. I look- ed Ibrward only to the great *venls in which I wga about lo bo an actor; and my whole soul became occu- pied with anticipations as groundless as the rest of you, gentlemen, 1 do not doubt, cherished at tho commonco- meiit of your career. The spring of 1777 chanced to be remarkably incle- ment, even in this naturally inclement climate. " Much lieavy hard rain had fallen, which, cutting up the half formed road that communicated between Montreal and Fort St. John, rendered our journey not only toilsome, but extremely tardy. It is true that every possible ex- ertion had been used to remedy this evil, strong working parties having been long employed in improving the old path, and cutting out a new one ; but their ettbrts had failed in rendering the way practicable for heavy car- riages, and even the infantry experienced no little iiicon- veniencc in traversing it. Under those circumstances, it was judged necessary to divide our force; and to send the artillery, with the commissariat and hospital stores, under a competent escort from Quebec, — whilst we alone pushed across from Montreal by land, with directions to meet at a csrtoin point near the southern extremity of Lake Champlain. At the period to which my present narrative refers, there was nothing particularly interesting in the gcnerol appearance of the country which separates Montreal from tho banks of the Chambly. For a while we ad- vanced through llie heart of an immcnRC prairie, whose sandy surface was in many places lefl bare, and in others covered with huge patches of long dry grass; till by de- grees tho prairie gave place to stunted thickets, as these agniii were succeeded by a wide spreading forest of tall i f. f f r ■*. 1 If ;»■ 46 sahatoga. 41 l\ .: 1 I \ ■■■ I- :1k ^ It' . II'- trrcR nml iinpt^rvioiiH uiidcrwcxKl. 'I'lie case! was sciiiic- wlmt ditftireiit, wlitii, passing; the forest, we l)i(raii to face tile stream, juid took our toilsome journey in the direction of Lake ('hamphiin. At lirsl, iiideeil, a hroad and placid river, hedjjed in l>y low Hat banks, ('overeil, like the country Iwyond them, with nnijestic ouks, was all that marked the change ; hut as we drew nearer and nearer to its source, the character of the stream varied, and the scenery assumed at every step more and nior<' of the bearing of a Highland landscape. First the Nar- rows, almut half way lx;twe^ual at the outset of an undertaking, were less able to co|M' with ditliculties than at^er experience had taught them to disregard them : and it was the more burthensome at pH'scnt, because, through a distressing plied. Having a|)- pointed this spot as the proper point of eonlerenct,', he was nu'l, inMuediately on his arrival, by a runner, who inlbrmed him, that the Chiel's of tlu' Five Nations, with a f(irmiilal)le body of warriors, were encamped in the hills, and ready to receive him. 'I'he general made no hesitation as to complying with the proposition of these ehiels: he appointeil the ;.'lst as the day of meeting ; and he set out at an early hour, attended by must of his prin- cipal ollicers, under an escort of certain light" companies, to keep his appointment. As Fraser's rillenu'n were so fiirtunatc as to com|>osc part of the force employed on this occasion, 1 had an opportunity of being an eye witness to the ceremonies which ensued ; and extremely curious as well as interest- ing they proved to Ih>. Atlfr a short march of about half a mile, in a direction towards the source of the liou- quet, we arrived at a sort of glade, or woody ravine, in wliiih a band of four hundred warriors w<'re assembled, their tents or wigwams iM'ing but partially concealed along the side of a sloping emineini' in the rear. Nothing could exceed the grotescpie but striking appearance which that extraordinary group presented. As we entered the valley at the lower end, the assembly, which occupied the opposite extremity, gradually opened uiHin us, and we beheld them seated cross-legged, and in prolbmul si- lence, except three or four chiefs, who alone stood upright. Having advanced within a short distance of tlH'ui, the escort halted, when the general proceeded alone towards the front, and made the sign of [Mmce, by raising liis hands in the air, and then laying them on his bosom. The chiefs iiumediately acknowledged the salutation, ap- proached him, knelt down, and kissed his hand in token both of amity and submission. He was then invited to sit, the chiefs seating themselves near him; and for some moments all were again silent. Whilst these ceremonies were passing between tin; leaders of the two hosts, both the warriors and the gene- ral's escort maintained an attitude of perfect indift'erencc and self-possession. The former appeared, indeed, to take no interest whatever in matters which were well known to have occupied long and painfully their whole thoiiglits ; but when the interpreter arose, and gave no- tice that the Knglish chief was about to s|)eak, they drew gradually round him, and listened with the deciicst at- tiMition. You might have heard a pin drop at every in. terval in a discourse which assured this savage throng of the esteem and ))rotcetion of their (ireat Father ; and when the conditions on v\'hich their services would be ac- cepted and rewardeil, came to be explained, their very breathing seemed repressed, lest the most minute sylla- ble should escape them. It was not, however, in ac- cordance with their dispositions or tastes to be told that all bloodshed, except in fair fight, was |)roliibiled ; and that he who took the scalp of a woman or a child, or put to death a prisoner who liad once submitted, would re- ceive, not reward, but the most sununary punishment. A gloomy silence, interrupted only by an occasional low growl, Ibllowed the conclusion of this gwrtiou of the ad- dress ; indeed, it a])pearecak, and the majority of the army were liisl asleep. It was still dark, when n general stir among the troops put an end In my slmnliers. I started up, anil liiund that our people were already fiirniing, though, whether as a measure of mire precaution, or as a pre- paration for an attack, no one appeared lo know. Like the rest, I seized iiiy arms, and hurried lo iny post; but hour after lioiir stole on, without bringing mutters to an issue, and when day had fully dawned, wo were slill stationary. At last an order arrived for the men lo pile their arms, and prepare breakfast; and it was surmised at oiiep, that on this day at least, no attempt would bo made upon lliu enemy's entronehinents. Though disappointed in no trifiing degree at the tenor of these instructions, wc lost no time in currying Ihein implicitly into ctlcct. We addressed ourselves to the olfice of cooking, and a hearty meal came not the less aceeplably on account of the regret which wc could not but experience that our nioHicnts should be wasted at a juncture so critical. This was barely finished, and Kraser and myself were preparing lo puss the day as men are accustomed to s|)ciid their time in camp durin< a season of temporary rest, when a dense smoke sud denly rising from iho left of the enemy's position, ar- rested our tttlcntion. An alarm spread that our oppo- nents were moving ; and the bugles sounding to arms, the troops were accoutred and in order of march in five minutes. By and by, an Indian was seen at full speed hastening from the onlposts, who paused only to ascer- tain where General Burgoyne was lo bo found, and then hurried on, without so much as dropping a llinl touch iiig the cause of his abrupt arrival. As a matter ol course, thcso occurrences hapiiening thus closely the one upon the other, stiricd up in us a confident expecta- tion of iiuinediate service; nor were wc deceived. The Indian had not passed ten ininulcs,when an aide-de-camp made his appearance on the ground, with orders tor Frascr's Marksmen and the red warriors to move brisk- ly to the left, and Iho rest of the brigade to advance ul the same moment inoic slowly and steadily to the front. The Americans, it apjiearcd, having set fire to their block house, and abandoned the saw mills, were con cenlrating upon their main |)osition ; to prevent which, by cutting oti'the corps in retrogression, was the design of our present movement. Not a moment was lost in carrying these orders into execution. Whilst the main body, in compact and im- posing array, took the road to iMount Ho|ie ; the marks men, with their savage allies, filed to the left, and were soon concealed from the observation both of friends and Iocs, in a deep (brest. But wc were guided by a savage to whom every loot of ground in this country was fami- liar. He led us through a winding glen round the ba.so of the very hill from which the enemy's coluiim was ascertained to be descending, and brought us to a point of all others the best suited for the particular object which we desired to attain. It was a thick copse skirt ing the open path which communicated between the .saw mills and the lines, and by which the garrison ol the former must of necessity pass, in order lo ellbct a junction with their comrades. We lay hero perhaps a quarter of an hour, when the scouts who had been extended to the right, in order lo give notice of the enemy's movements, came in with in telligence that they were approaching. Every man was instantly on the qui rife, and with the exception of a licking of gun locks, not a sound could ho heard from one fiank of the ambuscade to the other. We now listened, with what feelings I leave you to judge, for the tread of feet ; nor did any great space of time elapse ere it became audible. It was easily ascertained, like- wise, from the cadence of the march, lliat a considerable body of men were near us, and that they wore pursuing their journey, rapidly indeed, but apparently in little order, and altogether unsuspicious of danger. All this was as it was desired to be. The great end to be ob- tained by us, was lo (:crniit the enemy's line of march to come so completely in contact with us, that every shot thrown in upon their Hank would tell; and had this been done, there is little probability that a man of the detached corps would have escaped. But, strange to say, the Indians, on other occasions so noted for pa- tience, ruined all by precipitancy. The head of the oneniy's column was yet a full hundred yards from our ambuscade, when several of the red warriors fired. Their example was instontly followed by Ihe whole body, who threw away their ammunition for no purjiose, and then springing forward with hideous yells, rushed hatchet in hand towards the enemy. The latter, who had halted and b ,.r Tlio moon, wliicli, diiriii]^ the early part of tliu niglit, shed a feeble glimmer abroad, sank bencutli the horizon, and its setting was followed by an exceedingly tliick darkness. No stars could be distinguished, lor there was a sort of fog hanging in the atiuospherc which com- pletely shrouded them, though it gave no indication of rain or stormy wt^ather : when there arose all at once from the interior of thi. fort and lines a clamour of voices, as if thousands of |)er3ons were anxious to give, and none willing to receive instructions. This was fol- lowed by a s)id(len mnothering up of the tires, which liad hitherto smouldond redly and gloomily ; and then a confused tread of I'eet, like that of men hurrying to and fro in confusion, became distinctly audible. As we were fidly aware of the great ijnportance of Mount De- fiance as well to the enemy as to ourselves, the idea na- turally occurred th.it a sortie was about to be made ; and we stood to our arms in the firm cxiwclation that in a few moments more we should be engaged. But aller listening with intense anxiety a full hour, during which time not a shot nor a challenge gave warning of advanc- ing columns, that suspicion gradually yielded to another, and we began to calculate upon the very mancEuvre which General St. IJlair was performing. Information wag accordingly sent to General Frascr's head quarters, and we held ourselves in readiness to act in any manner which he might point out. Whilst iho rest of the company remained in an atti- tude of defence, I took with me a single trusty compa- nion, and stole forward with the view of penetrating, if possible, within the enemy's works, and of ascertaining by personal observation the object of tliis commotion. 'I'he darkness favoured us greatly, and we found, on reaching the crest of the glacis, that the sentinels, more attentive to what was passing among their friends than their enemies, paid no heed whatever to us or our move- ments. We accordingly descended, unnoticed, inlo the ditch, and turning to the right groped our way along, till a palisade Iriezed at the toji, arrested us. With come difliculty we scrambled over it ; atler which we found ourselviis in a covered way leading from one of the more advanced works into the l)ody ol the place, and beheld a large portion of the American army tbrmcd be- aide their fires, at the distance of some twenty or thirty paces from the bjotI where wo were standing. For- tunately for us, these men wore too busy to overliear the noise which we had made in passing the palisade ; and tliougli the light of their fires rendered them visible to us, we, who kept in the shade remained roncealed. We instantly crouched down upon our bellies, and creeping close to the para|)el, liy at length under its shadow, where w<.' could overhear distinctly every word that was spoken, and yet ran little risk of detection. A few miuuti's sulliced to complete what now proved to be the pro|)aratory arrangement of the parade, — when a mounted oliicer giving the word " ^lareh," the enemy's column advanctd, to our great horror, along the covered way. They moved, however, in the strictest order, and in profound Filence, no man apparently looking either to liis right or lell; and two entire battalions filed past, within three feet of us, without discovering that we were there. How my comrade felt during this tremen- dous interval I know not, but I confess tiiiit with me physienl alarm far outweighed every other emotion ; and that I did not even allempt to ascertain the immbers or quality of the troops which passed me thus closely. ( >n the contrary, I lay Hat upon niy face, keeping my mouth •"lose to the ground, lest niy bri'iUhing, or the violent boating nf iny heart, should betray me; nor was it till the recedinij noine of footsteps assured me of danger past, that I tcx>k euuruge to look round. That glance, liow- nvcr, proved al)und.'inlly satisfactory. It inliirnn-d me that the army was gone, that the fort and lines were en. tirely evaeniiled, and that the enemy, I'rom whom wi nnticipaliMl a re^'istanec so iliH|H'ralo, were in full ictreut. With fee lings of the livi'liest salisl'aclion wi hastened back to our |HiKt in orihr lo rejHirt Ibis very unlooked-for event to our inmniaMder ; and in two hours after, the whole llritisli army was roused, and a vigor ous pursuit begnii. (HAHTKU m. (General liurgoyne, who had pnssed the night on IsHiril of one of the frigates, was no »«Miner inliirnied of the enemy's flight, than he made disjinsitiivns lo follow them up with the greatesl vigour. 'I'he lleet immediately weighed anehiir, and bearmg down with irreNlHlilde iiii- Iirtuoaity njHin the Ixsjin, destroyed, in tin' course of two iiMirs, a harrier which It had occupied alinoHt as many wcf ks to construct. This done, and a considerable body of troojis embarked, all sail v\'as set in pursuit of the American tintilla, of which, long before evening, our brave seamen gave, to use thc'r own phraseology, an ex- cellent account. They overtook their op|)oncnts moored, and, perfectly ignorant of their danger, beside tlie wharf at Skeensborougli ; and though they failed in making many prisoners, every galley and batteaii wa» cither captured or destroyed. *■ In the mean while our brigade followed, at on intc: - val somewhat too great, by that of General Rcidcsdel, crossed Lake Chaniplain, and commenced a rapid pur- suit alter the enemy's land column, which was ascer- tained to have fallen back on tlie road to Hubberton. No great while elapsed ere the marksmen and Indians, of whom the advanced guard was composed, overtook the rear of the flying enemy, when a broken and desul- tory, but not very destructive skirmish, began. But though interesting enough to witness, the skirmish led to no im|X)rtant results j for the country was tliick and encumbered, the enemy quick in their movements, anil our |K'ople, worn out with *a night of watching, began before long to exhibit symptoms of fatigue. Besides, we were far a-head of all support, even the rest of the brigade being many miles behind us ; and hence, what- ever advantages we might happen to obtain, could not, for want of physical Ibrce, be turned to account. Our leader, under these circumstances, determined, after driving in the rear of the Americans upon their main body, to halt ; and this he accordingly did in a grove not far from Castletown ; where our people, after re- freshing themselves from the contents of their havre- sacks, lay down, and slejit soundly for about two hours. Whilst we were thus employed. General Rcidcsdel, with his brigade, came up, and a sort of council of war was immediately held between him and our brigadier. The latter, having ascertained that the enemy's rear guard was in force, and that it lay considerably apart from- the main body, being only three leagues ahead of our present position, suggest<'d the possibility of cutting it off; and proposed lor that purpose to resume his march, so that he might pass the night in the immediate presence of the Americans. By this means he hoped to take them by surprise on the first return of light ; and he entertained no doubt, in case this could be done, of obtaining an easy victory. General Rcidcsdel, though naturally cautious, offered no objection to the measure ; our (icoplc were accordingly roused about an hour before sunset, and we once more advanced with great caution and in good order. Every thing was conducted with the happiest success. No scouts or flying parties met us, and we bivouacked that night within three miles of the American pickets, which entertained not the slightest suspicion that we Imd inssed Castletown. I need not add, that strenuous exertions were used to hinder the intelligence of our approach from reaching them. No fires were lighted, nor did any man dream of wan- dering beyond the ground of the bivouac ; indeed, the sentries received strict orders not lo |K'rmit any indivi- dual, no matter what his rank or occupation inigir lie, to pass their chain either lo the front or rear. All parties ob<'yed these instructions with the most exact fidelity, and the sneress of the morrow's iqicrations sei ved amply lo ri'i'oiniM'ise the corps for the privations to which this lem|H)rary confinenient subjected them. It was yet |Hrl(elly dark, when the word to rise and fall in, passeil quietly from man to man, put an end to our rejiose. It was oU'ved in profoimil silenie ; and in silenire ei|nally profound, our little column pushed for- ward. We tolloweil a sort of rude path through thi- heart of a f iresi, whieli seemcil to have Is'cn lately c;ut, and led to the (Hiiiit where the rnnds from Skeensboroiigh to Ilubberlon and Charlestown in the New Hampshire (■rants diverge. It was hero that wo came in sight of the American out|HiKls. They occupied the riilge of a steep hill, sending down their Hentries almost to its base ; and though it was very evident, IVoiii the bustle which pi^rvadeil Ihini, that cmr arrival had not been anticipated, they nevurtiieh'ss stood to their arms like men, and made ready lo receive us. To dlsleUed, after losing several of our comrades, to yield ground. })ut at tliis moment, two companies of grenadiers scramblinn the field in that state ul exeilement, which invariably afleeU men after on aflujr in which they have Is en vielorious, and prepared to pmh forward whithersiM'ver llie general might direct; but tlir last n'iinmer of light having already expired, and ttw IriMips sulfering severely IVom fatigue and inanition, il was not judged iirndent to advance far beyond Ihf, ground which we liad won A bivouui^ was a^^rdingly formed in fVont of Ihe |KH.ition lately (K'cnpW by thi enemy, whi're our lillle eor|w was scsm joined by lln rest of Ihe (ierinan brigade ; and here, after burying Ihi dead, arranging Ihe pickets, and regaHiig niirselvrs upon Kiieli provision as sllll remained in our havresacki, wr |uissed an extremely agreeable and quiet night, — I lirW not say that our sIiiiiiImts were thoroughly unhrnken. Long iH'fore dawn on Ihe morning of Ihe Hlh, nm lillle eolumii was again under arms; and having wailii! only till there was light enough to guide our ste|M, lli' mitreh, in the direction of Skeenslmrough was resunirii This was eerlaiiily not "ue of the many phnsoiil ii my good fortune to |mms m the serviir When wo first fell In, the heavrns were black «iili fVOL. ■r VBoIh Ag sc, during which the cd the force juid dis- Dicicnt to satisry both 1 to I'ollow, and it was was a commanding ics, presented peculiar itontly resolved to oc. a marksmen were di. Lime — an order which ■e yet half way from itaclinicnt showed it- jid ascending by one 10 enemy crowned Uic Kc drew near, witli a laintnin it. But tliclr g a cheer, we rushed ;ded ; upon which the :k, and finally fled iii I to rally, but, rushing tid ourselves in a few force, which, at the us in nmnbers. iority, and being well ly stood tlieir ground right, they soon out- y a fire from behind lie Indians gave way, after losing several of It at tliis moment, two kg up tlic steep face ol' ;d tJicniselves upon our icckcd, again wavered, way. Colonel Francis, 10 importance of tliis rouglit up fresh troops, c by his example ; and, iicwcd tlic contest with extended on both sidea [Hirtics fighting, ai the I liraiUeur; but there n them, that tlio Amc y seeing tlicir support advance of ours, and Happily, however, il lidcsdel had heard the Ld of his column ; and leii at a moment when ^ sooner showed them- ricans, who broke and Id cxiHi'd the gallantry Ho rode from rank ng some by the collar, Hvvord, and cheering, llijiht ; nor is it by anj at superiority of the elTorts iniglil have e had succeeded in ndvnnciiig boldly m he tliront, and he fell ins scarcely pousni into the recesses of reach of any other suit. at, iiiul the ftcility ring ill all no inorr nd driven a very «u strength a|id ditlV tlie (.nnfuldU'c which rs('l\t's nnd in niii fii'hl in that state nl iiH'ii nller an alYait iind prepared to piwli ight ilirect ; but the ly expired, and tlif rue and inunitiuii, il far beyond the, lilac was n^rdingly tely iM'eiinW by Ihi siHin joined by th» ■re, iiller burying Ihi [aliiig ourselves upon (inr linvresacks, »» (piirt night, — I iiffil oiiglily unbroken. ing of Ihr Hlh, niir anil having waili'd guide our Bteiw, Ik riiiigli wns resumrii iiiuiiy phasaiit thy III |Ni8s 111 the service IS were black wiik w^isi^a®^^ oam^®ii* oimswiEjik^OT^ miiemi TOL. I. PHILADELPHIA, FEBitUARY 5, 1833. ^^). 1. 1= I'RINTKD A^D I' imunMlCD BY AHAM VVALDIE, No. 0, North EiullTll stbkit, l'llil.Aiiti.l'iii.i— .M J'."i I'm 5i nilinlii r', piiyabli' in a l\ ,v i. U. S. WOOD, I'HINTKRS iSn I'lJUMSllKKS, Nkw Y.IKK, IboI^ Agpiiis Slid l>uU!i.hti» liir the »;aie of New York mid nil the New England smics. I i PJ:1;0NIX N. WhOD tc t O llniiKM:Li.r:iis, Pole Airenis for the Hiului of Ataryliitiil, Virgin a, .-imI l):ii'i, ai. n.vl.ri.Miiul-, I iIh'cii\ of V. w joudi , and the movement had scarcely commenced, ere {e ruin began to descend with a degree of violence, ■bch as in England, at least, cannot be conceived. It was not so much a shower, as a sheet of water, which Mmc as if a river had been diverted from its course, and Sks falling over some broken bank ; insomuch that in Se minuU-s there was not a man in the whole corps ^osc garmenU were not thoroughly saturated. Never- Aclcss we pushed on, if not with our usual cheerfulness, ^ all events without repining, and came in witliout the ?ieurrcnce of a single adventure, -mn after noon, to keensborough. It was a large ami thriving village, ell situated at tlie extremity of Lake Chaiiiploin, at the JtDad of Wood ("reek, and near the confluence of the South and East rivers ; and could boast even then of a Slcrable wharf, beside which was moored the whole of iu flotilla, whilst the head quarters of the army were Mtablished in the town itself. I need scarcely add, that tfre found all classes of persons here in the highest ima- ginable spirits. The fleet and army, tliongh acting in- dependently of one another— the latter, indeed, innumer- " 19 petty detachments, and as it were in detail — had oved victorious every where ; and of the good cflccts victory at the outset of a cain[)aign, every one ac- aintcd with such niatt.Ts must be aware. Tliere was it a man attached to the expedition who apjicared to jubl as to its ultimate success, or desired any tiling farther an permission to press forward without a moment's dc- y. Unfortunately, however, tlie general saw, or iina. ncd obstacles, such as to hinder his immediate iiidul nice of thai giiUiint longing. The detached parties .ing called in, a second review took place, after which 'e were formally |ilaced in position ; and from that hour ir privations, as well as evil fortune, may be said to ,ve had their conmiencement By this new arrangement the main body of the army imd itself placed in line along Tie heights of Skccns- rough, with its loft upon Wood Crci^k, and its right on rugged inountain. To protect it from any tiling like urprise, as well as to secure water carriage in nil dircc- ions, dying corps were at the same time established at arious point8,^K)ne upon the Castletown road, another jpon the roads to Putney and Rutland, and a third in commuaication between East river and Castletown. 'his dono, strong working parties were sent out day af- ter day, for tlio purpose of removing such obstacles as Llie enemy had thrown in the way of our farther progress, I need scarcely remind you, that forty years ago British irinins moved rather more according to rule tlian tliey 1 io at prcM'nl, and that the possibility of undertaking any thing until niagaiiiies had lieen established, was rarely, ! if ever admitted. In the true spirit of these tactics, it '' KU no sooner discovered that tlio eneiiiy, by sinking itonrs and logs of wood in the elmiiml of WixkI Creek, lid rendered the navigation difficult, except to the lighlest Mtteanx, than tlie whole army was employed in weighing Jicm ; and as wo were miserably supplied with the iinple. nentf necessary for such operations, our progress was at inc» very slow and very painful, 'rhen again, though he greater porlinn of the summer wns yrt In'Rire us, and 10 country abounded with wood and other natiiriil cover, . was ilceiiu.'d totally irreguliiT In move without tents ; nd as thoe had nil Ikv ii left liehind nt Tieii'"loroga, iieli precious time wns expanded in bringing lliein up. ho eoiiM'(|iieiiee of alt this was, first, that the enemy ere niabled to eolleel their scattered enlumns, to rut up ,e roails in our front, and mature their plans for defenrr i id se.imdiy, that the nrdimr of our own |iroplo, which, td pr.iiKr advantage liern taken of il, would have over- >ine oil diHieiilties, was allowed to evaporate. Though e rcai'hcd Skeeiisliornugh on the !lth, the end of June as at lisiiil ere we ijuitted it, and the SOth fuuiiil us only 1 Fort Kdward : twenty days having been expanded in aversing twenty miles of road, which the labour of niir wii lianils had eoiistrui'l)ur priH'eediiigs for miiiie time after we had n-aelied (hat irl. They rrseinbled in most |mrtieiilnrs those wliirli arked our previous progress; for (he enemy lulling re. iinteil to Sarnlngn, on the other side of the river, the ill) lio|H' which had Isun iioiirishcd of bringing thriii I ni'lioii iliiiiimH-nri'il. t,<'t it siilliee to proiioimiM' lirse iiirlsnelioly words — We halliil. True, our provi- inns wtrc sliiirl, — liow enulil Iher bo otbrrwisr, willi nil army which marched at tlie rate of only one mile per Colonel St, Legcr would \ic lii Ihcii n ar ; i.ud kIkiuI day? — and our chief could not go on till he had collect- 1 they succeed in escipiiig Loth ilivi.ioiis, llicii wns U ed supplies sullicicnt to ensure him against all risk ol' starving ; but the halt was the reverse of a season of rest to the unfortunate troops, who were more than ever op- pressed in bringing up stores, which, had com non dili- gence been used, would not have liecii needed. Not a day passed which saw not whole brigades executing the otfaces of baggage animals, carrying by manual labour stores which were consumed as fast as brought up, and wasting their strength for no purixisc!. But there is as little satisfaction in reporting such transactions, as in listening to the reimrt when made. Let me therefore avail myself of tliis li^isurc to state to you more fully than I have yet done, the general plan of the eainp,iiyii in which we were now embarked. The great object which General Burgoyne sought to obtain was to force his way down the coursi; of tlie Hud- son, and I allying round him, ns he proceeded, as luaiiy loyalists as those to follow his fortunes, to cflc'ct a junc- tion with the army of General Howe, then bloeUnilcd in New 'Vork. To facilitate this measure, by distracting tlie attention of the enemy, a smaller exiicdition, under the orders of Colonel St. Leger, had been organised, which, moving tlirough tlio western part of Chester County, threatened Fort Stanwix, a rudely fortified station upon the Mohawk. Colonel St. Legcr's force was extremely weak, particularly in troops of the line, — of which no more than four hundred, and those coni|)osed of detach- ments fVoin difitrent regiments, served under him ; nnd the whole, including rrovincials, t'.iiiadians, nnd some hundreds of IiidLiiiH, barely came up to twelve hundred men. He pushed forward, however, witli diligence, nnd on the 3d of August invested the fortress, .^ending intelli- gence at the same time to the general in chicl'ofiiis situ- ation ; and in two days aftcrward.4 he had the good ibr- luno to surprise and cut tn pieces a body of eight hundred Americtms, when on their mnreli to relievo the garrison. So fur all things had succeeded according to our wish; but Colonel St. Leger grnduuUy found, that in the cxpec tntions which hu had been led to Ibrin respecting the toy ally of the inhabitants of the invaded ilistriet, the gross- est imiMwitions had licen prnctised nn him. Instead of crowds of volunteers, snrcoly an individual caiiie tn his camp ; and of tlic few who did come, it was more than Buspcctetl, that by far the greater projwrtion cr.mc willi a treacherous intention. Tlint these ndvantiiges, trilling as they were, might not be wholly wasted, it became incumlieni on (ieneral Bur- goyne to advance without delay, — whilst the deplorabh deficiency in the means of Iransimrt under which he la tmiircd, seemed to render all atteinpt." nt moving Ihr ar my fruitle.-.-. Though our troops had toiled williniil intcrniission during tlirie whnle weeks, there was in camp no greater stock of provisiors Ihan promised to sufllee for four days' ronsuin|itioii ; nnd In ninve forward with a supply so slender, into a desert country, appeared to n lender of the old school little better thnn iiisniiity. I have called it a desert country, not only with reftrence to it« nntiirnl sterility, — and Hea\eii knows it was shrile cnuiigh, — hut lieeauio of the pains which were Inkrn, nnd iinfiirtunately with loo great sm cess, to sweep its liw cultivated s|iots of all nrlicles likely to benefit the invnihrs. In doing this, tli, enemy showed no elenicncy i ither t friend or fiic. All the fielils of standing corn were laid waste, the cattle wns driven nwny, nnd every imrlicle of grain, as will as morsi-1 of grass, rarefiilly removed, — so that wo n>iild ile|K'nd for subsi.stence, bolh fiir mi'ii »n<) horses, onlv ii|H>ri the magazines which we miglil our- selves establish, lliil our draft nnimnls were wt iiinder|nn|p In the ronveynnce of stores, that no inngniinr lind ns yet liecn fiirmcd farther in ndvnnce tliun Knit George; nnd Fort (ieorgc wns too iniu h in the rrnr In lie of nerviee ns a bnse of nnerntinns, after we slinuld linve qnillrd tlwi position which we nnw oeeiipnd, I have said llial the .\nicric,m n'iny relreated ns wi ndvnnced, cutting up llie roads, nnd 'vnsluting the fnci' of the rnuiilry over which Ihey passcil. They were lin« , aei'nrdiiig to the best accounts which »i' I'oidd rcci ive, nt Snrntngn, a hniidel, or rither fiirin on the hfi liiiiik of the HuilNon, and nlsiiit linlf way iHlwein r,.i( Kdwnrd and the Mnliuwk. Il seemed sdvisiblr In (ii m ml lliir. fNivii" to llirealeii IhcmlhrfC. Inrif lliey risked an ailinii, le Imd no apprebrnsiniii ns to the rifiill ; if they r< lirrd. roiid to Albany thrown open, and tlie piineipul dchi^in of the inroad attained. Increasid c.tertioiis were l< eoMUii);ly u.scd to bring a llotilla from the liKes In the nearest navi- gable point in the river; and so unieinittiiig were they, that before the close of the first week in Aii;.-iist, a enii- siderable numlier of boats and barges, laden willi su( h stores as could be fiirwarded, were launched uimn the stream, and ready to accompany the army. Whilst these projects were in conteiiiphition, and t!ie above means ndojitcd fiir bringing Ihriii tn an i.^Mir, a piece of information was obtained at head qii.nrtus, v, hicli promised to bring about the happir.t result.-, by ri lii viiig us at once IVniii all the einljarr.issiiiints iLltcniiuiil uiru meagre supplies nnd inadi<|iiale ineaiis of transpnrt. About twenty iiiile.j tn tlie eastward nl' tiie Ihuknii, liia the obscure village of Ilcniiiiigtoii,— a (■lu^ler of pnnr cr.l. lages, situated in a wild country, htlwiiii the forks nftlio Ilosa.ic, Hero the enemy linil ^ratluTuI tf)i;itli('r a ci.ii- sideruble depot nf c;,ttlc, enrii, horses, and whei 1 carriages, most of which were drawn neross the Cnnnertieiit Kiver from the provinces of Xew Fuglaiid ; and ns il was un- derstood to Ik^ guarded by a party of militia only, an r.l- linipt to surprise it sci nail by no means unjustiliabh'. It is true that Ktwetn Fort Edward and Iiciininyti n, llm means of coinmmiienlion were exceedingly dcfii live. One prodigious ibrest bott«niid in swamps and iiiorassip, covered the whole face of the country; through which, no body of men, unless tamiliarly accustomed to .^-ucli cx- |>cditinii.s, could 1io|k' to make their way, nt all events \v ith celerity. But the necessities of the army were pressing; the stateofthe campaign wasa erilical one ; nndtlie risk, though doubtless gn at, w as coiisiiiercd by no means to niitweigli the ndvaiitngcs tn be derived from surcest'. General Burgoyne determined tn ineiir it; and a fivv hours sufiici d for the final ariangi iiieiit of hi.; plan, and drawing up of lii.s iiistrnetinns. There were nitaclied tn our little iirmy, two hundred German dragoons; men of tried valour and eiiterpri.-c, but destitute of liorscs. These (he general sclceted an part of the force to be eniplnycd in the surprise of Ben- iiington; not only licenuse he cnlertainid the mott per- fect confidence in their steadiness, hut lieeause he eon- ecived that in the country into which they were about to |>enetrate, they might Ik' able tn pick up n sufiieienl mini- her of horses for tlieir nun use. In adilition tn (licse, the "anadinn It.ingers, a detaehineni of Vrn\iii( iais, abi.iit cue hundred Indians, and Caplaiii Fraser's Mark.«iiici', with two pieces of light cannon, were nllntted to this service; and the whole, nniniinling to five hundred men, were placid iiniler the orilirs of Liiiitenant Colonel Bauiiic, The ladrr olfieer received special iii»triie(ioin (o proceed with extreme cindion. He wns pnrticiilnrly enjoined to keep his dragoons together, nnd (n feel his way, font by fixit, with his light troops ahme ; and wliilit it was broadly insinuated that he might look for reerrits among the well ilisjioscil inhaliilanis, the greatest core was taken (o impress him with the convietien, that (licy were not to ]«- implicitly trusted. It wnnlil have been well both fiir hinisi If unil his fiillnwers, had these ndvirea been Fomewhal more carofiilly renicmlicred. But there wns a fiilalKy a((ciidiiig nil niir mrnsiires, which snii began to ilevehipe it«c II'; nnd perhaps the fate of the pio. sent cxiieilition iniglit lo have Ihtii taken at a fair warn- ing (if the iliistiny vihicli awniled tb:- nrmy d( Inige, niAITER IV. Though all thfse nrrnngements were eeniplftrd, nnd the troops destined to fulfil (hem (old ofl' so early as ihe III ginning of August, Iho middle nf ihc month wn* np- prnnehing ere (his nttrmpt, on the siieerss of which so nun II was siipisised In depend, was made. PerhniMi tliijc wns no gnnl error here, more es|) first success was not, liowever, so ifreat as fo render us iiidilfirenl lo the nature of the inlellii;i Mce which met us tin re. Insleail of four nr five hundred men, it was aceiiralily asceilaini'd thai not fewer thin < i'fhteen hundred were in Henniiiirloii ; and lhout,Oi some appiarcil to be of opinion that lliey would not wait lo reeelvi' us, there were others who scrupled not lo lorelell a widely dill'erent resull. Now in spite of our lale reinfiireemenf, our whole slriaiiilh fell ronti'U r.ibly short of six hiinilnd men; and of Ihese a full Inmdreil were Indi ms, on whom no (rreal relianei could be placed, ^;!ill hider his siluatioti seen undersland liini, in very conteniptuoiis terms of tin Americans, and busily cmployeil hinisi If in nicivin^r the Hubmis'ion of the InhabilaiiN, who in (.rreat immlHTs flocked to his stimdard. I'nforlmiately, Colonil ll.iunie forjfot llie eaiilions which had been soslrontjiy impressed upon liiill. He eonsidered all |srsoiis sincere who pro- ft'sscil iittiiehment lo the royal I'.mse ; alliKlin;; in Iheir presence, and without reserve, both to his own numbers and di'siirns ; nnil as by fir the ^Tcaler proporlion were in rialily traitors lo us, every cirenm-lanee eoimeited A\'itli our dis|Hii>llinns and pl.iiK bieiimi' lis well known lo the enemy iis to ourselves. It was their le.idc r's intention lo march al oiwe iipmi ni'unliifrlon ; for which piir|»isc his lilllf corps was innlrr iirnis anrj in e.ilumn, loiiable of exciting alarm. The mornin',' of Ihe 1.5lh came in with heavy rains' and a perlecl hurricane of wiiiort of their arms, warned us fo make ready for an immediate attack. Colonel Kaunic lo.st no time in preparing lo meet it. Korming his dis- mounted dragoons in dose coluinn among the homesfcad, he din ell il Ihe I'mvineials, snp|H)rlcd by I'Vazer's i\Inrks- ineii, lo ailvanee to the a.ssistance of the piekets, with ordirs to dispnfi' every inch of gn)iind fo the ntniost, and finally lo retire upon llii' reserve, should nil tin ir elforts fo mainfain themselves prove inefl'eetunl. In an iiislanf we were in niofion, and a few niinufes sullieed to bring us tt> the sci'iie of neliou. We fnind air liiiliaiis thnaUniil, rather flian seriously nssailiil, by aconsidira'ile body ofmilifi:i-nieii, before whom they were falling hai k, lei^iinly and in or.lcr ; but such was Ihe violenet ol Ihi' storm, that not one out rd"a ihr/en nmskets would expl( di', and hence the ikirmish was neither very aniinaled nor very blisidy. On seinig us, our savage allies uttered a yell, wbii'li sceiiicd lo strike panic info the bosoms of Iheir assailants : lor the latter instaiifly paused, iiiing back as il were irnsolnle, and finally re- lini'.. We fill.iwi'd fir n lime, briskly anil iiiipi tnoiisly ; bn' we likewi.si' fell the had elli'cl- ■ "the weather too iniieli le seek a general eiigagcmenf ; and as the movemeiifs of' llie enemy sei'ini'd to indii'atc a wish on their parts to draw us on, we were of course cNlreinclv shy in trusfing ourselves lieyoiiil our own liinils. We aeconliiinly balled as soon as we bud recovered tin' ground which the savages 1 lost, and, lying down behind the trees, continted mniiy hours, e priming of holding the woods U|)un jus flunks, in liis front and rear, by the Indians. To complete these arrangements, and throw up tlic few works which were to render them efficient, occupiol the entire day, and some imrtion of the night of tlic 15fli; and seldom have men undergone liordsliipi more scvert than our i)Co|de endured whilst thus employed. IM ii be borne in mind, that flic l.'if.h was a day of conlinnci] rain ; not such rain as we arc accustomed to witness in this country, but an absolute lorrcnt, to afTord sheller against which human ingenuity lius yet devised no covir. ing. I'nder this, the men toiled on, the earth which lliij threw up, lieing repeatedly wa.shei! down ngain, and the holes and ditches which they ilug out, filled inn momeiii, and ft rendered worse than usei. ss. Hut their pntiein . equalled the dilliculfies wliii-b it was culled upon to siir. mount. Kacli man felt, too, that lie was laliouring fir his own personal safety, not less than for the liciiefit ol the whole; and all were, in conscquenee, inspired with a principle of |H'rfeet heroism and self-devotion. Poor Ii I. lows ! their spirit niid pcr.severance were, on the present occasion, of little avail. They sufficed, indeed, to sa\. their possessors from dishonour, and enabled them to si || thiir lives ilearly ; but they were quite inadequate to «i. cure victory, or even fo ward off defeat. i\s soon as darkness fairly set in, our corps, which li.iil kept its sfalion on the ojiposife side of the strenT", wns silently withdrawn, and took ground beside Rcidesdel's dra- goons on the little hill above alluded fo. There wc [lasscil the niglit, not vely comfortably, as may be well siipjiosed, seeing that no fires were lighted, and that we were all impres-icd with a powerful seiisr- of impending dangir; but if there was an nh.scnee of mirth from amongst iis, there wis no approximation to terror ; for wi' liekl (.la own valour at the highest, and rated that of our opponenii somcwhul too cheaply. Yet there were few amongst ii< that .slept very soundly. We could not but rcmeinlur that we weru cut off, by a wide fraci of disolate ecamlrv, from all comnmnieation with our friends, and cximsed in ■ ■ -•id -11, « ' " •'■•■'■. '. ■ ,^ < Colonil Haniiie appeaieil lo eon. iin'. lie spoke, as lur as we could h iiiirsi'Ivcs with w.alching the result during and striving as well as \\v ennld, lo kei'p fit our rilles fiiiiu the rain. WhelbiT the .Vmerieans ever I'literfained any sirious iiilciition (if allaekini; llii^ diiy, I eaiinol pri tiiiil lo deter mine ; bnl if they did, the stale of the wcilhi r conipellid them fo iiliinpii-h il. Yrf tiny ventiind fo iidvaiKc, from lime to lime, in ennslderable iiuinbers, as if re- solved ',o try how fir our |«i»iliiin was feiialile ; and on I aeli oecisiiin a little firing Innli place ; but no impn ssimi was made upon ii^, and the rain eonliiiiiing lo fall with- out iiilirmission, they at liisl desisted from their ilViiits, and wilhdnw. Their proceedings were nut, however, of a n.ilni'i' to be disn gardi d, or held in eoiilenipl, by a force so iii-ignificaiil as nnrs. Colonel lliuiiic iiiiinedialely de-i|iali lied a meH...i iiger In the riar, fiir the piir|Hisc of bringing up an iidilitional corps wliieli tieiieral lliirgoyiie had sl.'itioiied at llalleii Kill lo support us; whilst he sit sediiloiislv to the l:isk of liirlilyiiii; a position in which he miglil await the coming iipuf supplies, of which he bigiin now III lie conscious that lie sfiMiil in need. The liiriii of Walin-ciiil lies upon both bunks of the llossae, and I iiiisisli d ul this lime of snme kix or eight log biiill bill, Miilli led here and Ihcri' over Ihe iiarriiw expanse of' i-nlti\ate(| eroimil. To llie^lell was ii hiiglit, which Colonil ll.iiinie hnsteiicd fo oieiipv ; In posted here the dragiKiiiH willi a portion of the Marks- men on Iheir right. In nar of a little zig/jig breastwork, ciiiii{H>s(d of logs and Ioom' eiirtli. Siieli of the di laelied houses as eiiiiic williin Ihe eompavs of his {hisIiIoii, he fillril with Canaili:iiis, siip|Kirliiig tin ni with ilefacliiiieiils of I hnsii'iirs anil griiiadii is, liki wise eiilreiielied behind brenslwnrks ; and he Kepi Ihe whole, with the exeeplioii ofahoiil n liui'.dn d ini ii, i.ii the norlh ide of the strciin. atfiicKs on evi'ry side from a numerous em ■ whoop wliieli the savages raised from fiui r> 'c, as wi II ;is :in occasional musket shot, gave noli- ■ now thai enemy was not inactive. Our un.'! ritiirn of day was greater by far than perhn) would have been willing fo neknowlidge, f .,. lo hi? dean'st fViend ; and the feeling of s.ilisfaelion was gem ml, when thi' gnidual reddening of the eastern sky denoliil tli.it il was fist iippioiiching. 'I'he morning of the Kith rose lieaiilifuUy serene. Tin lorni of the preceding day hiiving ex|KMidctl itself, nut .i clniid was leil fo darken the face of the heavens ; wl:il«l the very leaves hung niolionless, and the long griii- waved not, under flic infhience of n |M'rfeet calm. I'.viri ohjeel around, loo, ap|H'ared lo peculiar advantage; ll.t Ihe fields liHiked green and refreshed, the river \va< swolli II and tumultuous, and the branches were nil lonilul with (lew-drops, wliiih glittered in the sun's early ray* like so innny diamonds. Nor woiilil it !»■ easy lo imngiin any scene more rili' with |M'acefiil and even paslnril 1h :mly. Looking down from the simimil of the risiiiL griiiiiid, I biinld iiumcdialcly Is'iicnlh iiic n wide swii,i of stately fiirest, inlerrnpled al rcniole intervals by gru'i meadow s or yellow corn-fields ; whilst here nnd then i tlage, a shed, or sonic other primitive edifice, reared il> modest head, as if for the puriHise of reminding Hit s{H'etiitiir,1liat iii'iii had begun bis inroads U|Hin natiin Hilhiiiit as yet taking aw.iy from her simplicity and gniii deiir, I hardly reeoHcet a scene which struck nic at theiiiit nil III iiion' forcibly, or which has lef\ a dw|H'r, or liinrv lasting inipnssiou on my meiiiory. I liaM' said ihal the morning of Ihe Ifitli roue licniili fiilly s( relic ; and if is not lo the operations of the ilr nil Ills aliiiie tliiil my expression applies. All was |«t f illy qiiii I III the outposts, lint an enemy having Imh M'i'ii, nor an alnrming sound heard, fiir sevenil lioir> pnvious fo sunrise. So pcaeeabic, indeed, was Ihcnspn' which iniitlerH bore, thai our leaders felt warmly dis|H»ii to resume Ihe olfeiisivc, without wailing flic nrrivnl i the additional corps fiir which they had applied; nnd ir ders WI re aheady issued liir the men lo cat their br»nli fists, pri (iiirntory lo more inlivu o|«ralions. Hut Hi arms were hi arei ly piled, nnd the bavresneks unsliini' w ben symplomsol a state of ntlairs dilfereiif IVoin tlm which linil Is'cii anticipated. In gun to show theniscba and our isoplc were recalled lo their ranks in all lin>i< iilmost lis iiioii as III! y bad qiiifted tbiiii. From linn Ihiiii one qiiarter sioiils eame in to re|Hiri, tlinl eoliiiin' of iiriuid iiicii wire npproni biiig; llioiigli wlielher »ii> a iVieiidly or hostile iiilinlion, neither their ap|M'ttriiiii' nor iielioiis enalili d our inlorinanls to iisci riaiii. Il has 111 en »tnlei!, llinl durinu the InsI day's ninr' , in liiB front and rear, its, nnd throw up tin liem I'llicicnt, occupicil fthc night of tlic ISlli; hordi'hipa more Ecvcru hus employt'd. Ia'I ii 'as a duy of contnnicij niKtonicd to wiliicss in •rent, to afford shcllcr Di yet devised no rovir. n, the eartli wliich thty ! down nfjain, and tlie out, filled in a nioiurm, iS. Hut tlieir puliom . vus cullid upon to Kur. he wan lalicuring II ir linn for the lienelit ot ipienee, inspired with a ielf-devotion. Poor 11 1, 'e were, on the presini ifTieed, indeed, to snv. nd ennliled them to si I! ipiite inadequate to ki. lefeiit. 11, our eorps, wliicli ]a,\ de of the strea;-', wiis J beside IJeidesdel's lin- ed to. There wc iiadsi il i limy be well sup|)o»((], , and that we were all of inip<^ndiiig danger; lirlli from amongst iis, error ; for we lield c.iir 111 tli!it of our o|ipoiieii|ii ■e were few amoiigsl ii< iiild lint lint reiiieiiiliir act of desolate eoiiiitrv, friends, nnd exposed i.. irons em ■,; id 'I, from tiiii I > .0. n, I, gave noil > . ■ • \ ■ I'. Our iiii.'i than jierliai mnwli'dge, r ■ ,. lo hi' patisfiirtion was gem nil, "le easlrrn mUv denolnl ■iiiilifully serene. 'I'll, ; I'XjH'iided itself, nut i of the heavens ; wi:il>l , anil the long gra». a |M'vfeet ealm. Kviri eiulinr advnntnge ; lir resiled, the river u,v rnnelies were nil loailnl II the sun's early r.ivi I it Ik' easy to iinnpiii' fill and even piisinni suniniit of the risiii: eatli iiie a wide swiij. lole iiiterv'ils by grui, hilst here nnd there i litivi! ediliee, reared iii «e of reminding tlir iiiriinds ii|hiii iiatiin r siiiiplieily and gran ehslniek meat the im^ left a dee|MT, or Minn the Ifitli rose hiinili I operatioiiH of the clr iipplii s. All wns |«r 1 I iiiiiiy linving Un liril, fur several liiiie! liiideeil, wan the nspi'' < Ii It warmly ilis))i»H Iviiitiiig the arrival i V had applied; anil ii |ien to eiit their lirvnli o|)eraliiin». Hiil llf hnvresaeks luisliiiif illlVereiil iVoin tlm III show themsclMi^ lir raiikH in nil Imnii 111 them. From iimn repori, thni eiiliiini' IllKtiigli whether »iii lillier their np|H"iiniiii' I to Hueerliiiii. I he ll»M Hiiy'« iimrr' SARATOGA. .oi r little corps was joined by many of llio country peo- i; moat of whom demanded and obtained arms, ns raons friendly to the royal cause. How Colonel umc became so completely duped as to place reliance these men, I. know not; but having listened with uplaccney to their previous assurances, that in Ben- gton a large majority of the |)opulace were our ;nds, he was somehow or other persuaded to believe, it the armed bands of whose approach he was warned, 8 re loyalists on their way to make a tender of their vices to the loader of the king's troops. Filled witli I idea, he despatched positive orders to the out|)o«ta, that m molestations should be offered to the advancing co- Snns; but that the pickets retiring before them should jSn tlic main body, where every disposition was made tt rceeive either friend or foe. Unfortunately for us, ^se orders were but too faithfully obeyed. About half It nine o'clock, I, who was not in the secret, beheld, to utter amazement, our advanced parties withdraw itliout tiring a shot, ftoui thickets which might have en maintamcd for hours against any sujicriority of _ inbcrs; and the same thickets quickly occupied by men, whose whole demeanour, as well as their dress and ■liyin of equipment, plainly and incontestably pointed Mem out as Americans. I cannot pretend to describe the state of excitation d alarm into wliich our little baud was now thrown, itii the solitiiry exception of our leader, there was not man amongst us who appeared otherwise than satisfied 1 those to whom he had listened were traitors ; and t unless some pruinjit and vigorous measures were loptcd, their treachery would bo crowned with its full ward. Captain Fraaer, in particular, seemed strongly ibued with tlie conviction that we were wilfully de- lved. Hu pointed out in jilain language the extreme probability of the stury which these desi'rters had told, ^>d warmly urged our chief to withdraw his confidence im them; but all his argumcntu proved fruitless, ilonel Baume remained convinced of their fidelity. He tw no reason to doubt that the people whoso approach tcited so much apprehension were the same of whose ival he had been forewarned ; and he was prevented im placing himself entirely in their |K>wer, only by the itive refusal of his followers to oliey orders given to at effect, and the rash im|>etuosity of the enemy. Wo might have stood about half an hour under nrins, atching the proeeedings of a eolumn of four or five ndrcd men, v 'lo, alU'r dislodging the pickets, had lteen country, when a sud- n trampling of feet in the forest on our right, followed the rc|iort of several muskets, attracted our attention, patrol was instantly sent in the direction of the sound ; it before the party eoin|iosing it had proceeded many ards from the lines, n loud shout, followed by a rapid oiigli straggling fire of musketry, warned us to pre- ■are for a meeting the reverse of friendly. Instantly to Indians came (muring in, carrying dismay and eon- aion in their eoimtcnanee and gestures. We were sur~ timiled on all sides ; columns were advancing every- lierc against us, and those whom we hail hitherto reated as IVionds had only waited till the arrival of their upimrt might justify them in advancing. 'I'liero was otiilsehisxl in these re|)orls, though made by men who tioke rather from their fears iliiu their knowledge. The )liinin in iinr fl-ont no sooner heard the shout than they jplind eordinlly and loudly to it ; then, firing a volley ritli delilH'rnte and murderous aim, rusheil liiriouily to. ^arils us. Now then, at length, our lender's dreiims of icurity were dispelled. He found himself attacked in :>nt and Hank by thriee liii numbers, who pressed fiir- ard with the eonfidenee wliieli our l;ite priieeedingH ere ealeulateil tii priMluee; whilst the very (MTsons in liiiiii lie hail trusted, and to whom he had given arms, it no time In turning them against him. These fel- wi no Bisiner heard their eomrades erv, than they deli- ratily ilivelinrged their iiiiiskels niiiimgst Iteiili-sdel's ngisnis; and dis|ierHing liefore any stops emild Ih- taken wile tliem, e8ea|)ed, with the ejerption of one or two, their friends. If rolimel Hiuimr had pirmilUd himself to he du|H'ortionably large, or such as to render the main body inelficicnt. All, moreover, was done with the sagacity and coolness of veterans, who perfectly understood the nature of the re- sistance to be expected, and tlie difficulties to bo over- come, and who, li,iving well considered and matured their plans, w^cre resolved to carry them into execution at all hazards, and at every expense of life. It was at this moment, when the heads of columns began to show themselves in rear of our right and lef^, that the Indians, who had hitherto acted with spirit, and something like order, lost all confidence, and fled. Alarmed at the prospect of having their retreat cut off, they stole away, after their own tusliion, in single files, in spite of the strenuous remonstrances of Baume, and of their own ofKcers, leaving us more than ever cx|msed, by the abandonment of that angle of the intrenchments which they liai' been appointed to maintain. But even this spcctucle, distressing as it doubtless was, failed in affecting our jicople witli a feeling at all akin to despair. The vaeancy which the retreat of the savages occasioned, wa.s promptly filled up by one of our two field-pieces, whilst the other poured destruction among the enemy in front, as often as they showed tlicmsclves in the open country, or threatened to advance. In this state tilings continued upwards of three quar- ters of an hour. 'I'liough rep«!atedly assailed in front, Hanks and rear, we maintained ourselves with so inucli obstinacy, as to inspire a ho|>e that the enemy might even yet be kept at bay till the arrival of Breynian's corps, now momentarily exp<'eted ; wlien an aeeident oc- curred, which at once put nn end to this cx|iectatioii, luid ex|M)sed us, almost defenceless, to our fate. The solitary tumbril which conlaiiicd the whole of our spare ammunition, became ignited, and Mew up with a vio- lence, which shook the very ground under our feet, and caused a momentary cessation in firing, both on our side and that of tliu enemy, But the cessation was only iiir a moment. The American officers, guessing the extent of our calamity, cheered their men on to fresh exertions. They rushed up the ascent witli redoubled ardour, in spiteoftiieheavy volley which wo poured in toeheek them; and finding our guns sik'iit, they sprang over the para p»^t, and dashed within our works. For a fi'w seconds the bceno which ensued, defies all (lower of lunguage to descrilR'. 'i'he bayonet, the butt of the rille, the sabre, the jiike, were in lull play ; luid men fell, as they rarely fall III modern war, under the direct blows of their ene- mies. But such a struggle could not in the iinture of things Imi of long ronlinuanee. Outnumbered, broken, and Honiewhat disheartened by late events, our (H'oph wnvcred, and fell back, or fought singly nnd uiieonnei t- ediy, till they were either cut down nt their (swts obsti- nately defending themselves, or eoinpelled to Kiirrender. Of Keidesdel's dismounted dragoons, few survived to tell how nobly they hud iH'hnved ; ('olonel llauine, shot through tlie \m\y by a ritle luill, fill mortally wounded ; and all order and refused to come u[H)n me. If I closed my eyes for a moment, it w.-is merely to fall into a feverish doze, dur- ing which images the most hideous r,iid alarniiiig crowded my imagination, and from which the slightest waving of the rushes, or the r'.iSliiiig of the long grass, sufficed to rouse me. I started at the sound of iny owe breathing ; and without kiio,viiig what it was that 1 fear- ed, I found myself the slave of the most hideous terror. Nor was it over my mind alone that this nervous irrita- bility exerted its infiiienee. I hiive often travelled, and traveMed on foot too. whilst suffering under wounda more dangerous and troublesome than those which then disabled me; hut on that day my limbs refused to do their office, or to carry me one step iKyoiid the s[)ot where 1 first halted. 1 accordingly lay for two wholu hours in a eimdition us de(ilornlile as lins frequently been filled by a human being ; cut oft" from all liojie or elinnee of receiving sujiport or assistance from my friends, and antiei(mting nothing else than lillii r to perish from want, or to full a sacrifice to some wuiidernig party of hostile savages. I was thus situated, having drop(x^d into a Fort of triinee, such as forms the connecting link l,i tween slee[i. ing and wuking, when a sound whieh had hitherto smote ii[M)n the lar of fancy alone, siiddeiily arose, nnd liiir.st in a inonunt the spell whieh linuiid nie. It wus a roar of mnsketry, w itii an oeeasionul boom of cnniion, echoed back in trememloiis funinlt by the surrounding forests; nnd I was not slow in coiijtcturing that it urnsu (riiiii (lolciiiel Bieyinon's (lurly engaged with the same force by which we hnd just been overthrown. It will readily be imngined that I listened to the nwful sound with an intensity of interest sueli us hardly any other in nntiire could have (irodneed, and thut my hopes nnd fears olitiiiiied by turns the mustery, in ()rn()ortion ns it n(i(ieareil to a|>|ironeh or reeedo fiiini the sjiot where I lay. Now it seemed to draw ra(iiilly towards me, now it swe[)t uwny in 'he (qqiosite ilireetioii; now I judged flint the Aiuerienns were fhlliiig back, now that the king's IroojiB weri! retreating, — so wavering nnd nneer- tniii a guide is the ear, unassisted by the o|M-rntion of other senses. By ikgrees, however, matters aasumed a more decided elinrueter. 'I'he firing, w liii h for a time had e.vleiided over a considerulile spuee, (rriidiially nnr- rov.iil, as if the skirmishers were called in, anil lines were firmed for n charge; nnd thin a slioiii, nf which I well knew the im(iiirt, rung through the nir. If wus fill- lowid by u momeiitary silriiie, more uwfiil by far tliiin the timiiilt which ushered it in; nnd then sileeetdid a tiriiilluile so warm and so eonfi.si d, ns [ilninly to inilieute that one side or other hnd given way. It was no longer, no'v, the steady discharges of hostih' nrniies, eneli in firm nrrny, nnd eager for victory ; but the ih'sultory firing of ill tnelied (larties, some in tliglit, ntliers in hot (lursnlt, I could Inar this state of susjieiiBe no longrr ; so, mustering nil my resoliitinn, I struggled to rise, and after ■< veral iiufteetnul nttem|its, uiieeeeded. The sun hnd set, nnd twilight was elo«l|H>rt the weight of my Isidy ; and my whole frniiir, entieliled by innnition,nii less than by lots ofbhiod, with difficulty olHyrd the motions of a mind, lo whieh soiiietliiiig like its natural tune was restored, I reeled like a ilriinkcn man, nnd fill us if at every Kte(i I shoiilil have fallen again. But n strong sense of the necessity for i'ortion of my history which refers to our |Kiinfnl progress hack from the lloo- •ack to the Huilson. Were I, indeed, to enter into a detail of it, my deseriplions wouhl Im- only of suH'erings ibf most acute, arising partly from the nlisenee of corn. mon nutriment, and partly from n eonseiousness of inili. yjdual degradation, of which noni- nniong us could di>-(nt ourselves. Of thn rpmain* of Breyuian's eorpo, Iw it obiervid, we lost night rntirely. It ("ell back, I lie. lievc, in toli-rahle ordir bv flic main nud, and not being iiursufd, regained the Imiks of the llndson in safety lut the party to which I fouml ?nyself attached, had w of its fate from the moment when the separation took place. We accordingly kept the woods during three en- tire days, deriving our subsistence chiefly from wild fruits, and tho few crimibs which remained m our havrc- saeks : and our progress was the more tardy, because I could not move without assistance, and my comrades re- fused to abandon me. But we gained tliq camp at last, though in a plight which bore ample testimony to the privations which wo had endured; and I become for some time the inhabitant of tliat most melancholy of all abodes, a military hospital. My wounds, tliougli originally slight, had become, from neglect and the hardships which I had been con- demned to undergo, so inflamed, that several days elaps- ed ere I was able to pay attention to any circumstance not immediately connected with iny own feelings. I lay all this while upon a wretched pallet, in the same room with twelve unfortuuate creatures, of whom seven died delirious and raving. So acute were my own ago- nies, ond so overwhelming their influence over me, that I could not exjicrience so much as pity for any one ex- cept myself. It' my miserable comrades groaned or complained, I answered only with a curse, because they disturbed my meditations or interrupted my repose ; so perfectly selfish do men become when their miseries pass a certain point, or exceed their (lowers of endur- ance. Yet let mo do justice to myself. It was only whilst matters were at the worst with me, that feelings so unworthy obtained an ascendancy, which they gra- dually but surely lost, as my own case obtained amelio- ration. The [laroxysm was no sooner over, than my past unkindness affected me with deep shame ; and I thenceforth exerted myself to the utmost, in order to make amends for it. Nor were my exertions useless. The poor fellows about me had themselves suffered too much not to experience something of the same selfish- ness to which I gave way, and they readily and kindly accepted the apologies which I oflercd for having dis- played it BO rudely. In this manner nearly a fortnight was passed ; during which lime the army remained stationary : its energies being ctiiefly devoted to the bringing up of stores from the rear, and the cjnstruction of rafVs with which to p.iss the river. Whilst our own iieople were thus cm- ployed, the Indians, spreading themselves over the face of the country, brought havoc and dismay into all dis. tricts, and jierpetrated enormities at the recollection of which the mind even at this distance of time shud- ders. Irritated by the trifling progress which had been made, and indignant at the cheek imposed upon |)lunder, these savages put to death every man, woman or child, that fi'll into their hands: insomuch that Gene- ral Burgoyne was driven to the necessity of threatening their very chiefs with punishment, in the event of their failing to restrain the cruellies of their followers. But his threats and entreaties were alike disregarded, enor- mity arter enormity occurring, till at last a deed was lK'r|K'trated which will for ever leave an indelible stain upon the honour of the British arms. The deed to which I now allude, was tho cold-blooded nuirder of an innocent girl, the child of a loyal father, and the be- trothed of a brave youth whu bore a commission in the king's service. About ten miles from tho site of our present encamp- ment, and something moro from tho [KWt of Fort Kd- ward, stood a neat cottage, the rrsidcneu of on aged and loyal emigrant, by name .Macrea. He had served us oliicir in one of the Highland regiments, in former wars agai.i'if the French ; and having Ikm^ii rewarded at tln' |H-aee by a grant of laml, he heal his sword into a ploughshare, and sat down to eultivati^ his farm, and train up his children in principles of loyalt}' and honour. Fur a timi! all things went well with him : his labours were crowned with suceess; under his own exertions and thoko of his sons, the barren wilderness liceame a smiling garden, and the old man considered himself', as he was eoii'-idered by his iieigliliours, ono of the incmt firos|H'r»ns individuals in the settlement. To complete lis good fortune, a fine young man, the son of an old comrade, and now a fi'ilow settler, maili' iiro|Misids lor the haiiil iif his dniighler; and being eipialiy acceptable In the maid us In her fitlii r, he was duly rcci'ived in the ehnrneter of an accepted lover. Things were in tlil* stale, and the wcdiling-day was imderstooil to lie approaching, win ii the breaking out of the reliellion, with Inn suli»ei|ui'nt ojierallons ngninst Ca. nada, dissipated fiir a lime all thoughts of domestic nr- r.ingerneiits. Macrea espoused the cause of his sine, reign warmly; and his ■onr, as well ns hit proposed «oii.iii.la«', tmik up arms in the royal service. Of the paralsd from thu main b«ly, and oi" courio kiuw- nothingl furiner, one till in the alUir of Fort Kt. John, th« other during the assault at Quebec ; and Macrea became, in consequence, dependent wholly upon his daughter, for that support which his increasing infirmities demanded. Yet the old man bore his misfortunes like a hero. Bji sons, he said, had died as he wished them to die, in the service of a kind and gracious monarch'; and his daugli. ter being still left to be the light of his dim eyes, it nould ill become him to raise his voice against Froii. dencc. Besides, liis future son-in-law, whom he lovcil not less tenderly tlian his own boys, survived ; and ig the prospect of beholding a union, on the completion of which he had set his heart, he found many sources of comfort under his present calamities. Strange to say, Macrea, though well known as a par. tisan of the government, suifcred neither insult nor inc. Icstatioii from the colonists near him. Allowances seem to have been made for the prejudices of an old soldier ; and though he never disguised his wishes as to the fina] results of tlie war, he continued on the best terms with men, whose principles and feelings all led to an opposite line of conduct. The consequence was, that when Bur. gojne's invasion began, though most of his neighbours abandoned their houses, and sought shelter at a distance from our line of march, no one dreamed of ofTering in suit or injury to him, because he adopted a difl'crent course of conduct ; and he remained witli his daughter to welcome the coming of men, whom his principle) taught him to regard as deliverers. Maerea's farm lay somewhat out of the track of either of our columns in the pursuit from Ticondcroga; coni-e. qiiently it escaped a visit, which, if paid in the first ino. iiient of angry triumph, might have been far fVoiii agreeable. Probably it would have passed unscathed d togetlicr, had our progress hecn more rapid, or our future successes more brilliar,t ; but the ill-judged hall opposite to Saratoga afforded an opportunity to maraud, ers, of which they failed not to take advantage, and tiy which the old colonist became a severe sufferer. A party of Indians stealing from the lines, mafle their way to his house. They burst upon him during the night, driving the old man into the woods for safely, and wantonly destroying such of his effects as they pus. scssed not the means to remove ; and above all, they seized his daughter, of whom, in the confusion, Macrci lad for a moment lost sight. Had matters ended here, all might have yet been well; Macrea was nut a man to resent even this injury, knowing, as he well knew, the nature of those who inflicted it ; whilst governmciil would have doubtless made compensation lor any loss which tho ihroad might have caused. But the barba. rians into whose hands the maiden fell, quarrelled among themselves rcB|iccting Uieir right to the captivr; and one, more inhumaii tlian the rest, clove her skuli with his tomahawk. When intelligence of this horrid murder reached the camp, the indignation of all, from the general down to the meanest sentinel, was roused to tlie utniot>t pitch ol fury. It so hapiH'ned that the girl's lietrothed \vu ainongst us, and of the state of his feelings I leave you to judge ; yet was it necessary, situated as we were, to deal iiiereirully with the iHrpetrators of the black deed, to whom, from motives of policy, no public puiiishiiuni was awarded, 'i'lie cordiality, however, which had al ready iM-giin to wax faint between us and our native war- riors, was by this last act of devilish treachery destroyed. We regarded them now as little Ixtter than fiends — useku ill the field, and worse thiiii useless out of it ; and if ive turned not against them the arms which our legitiniala enemy gave us no op|M)rtuiiity to exercise, it was only lieeaiisi! our chief took care to keep tliem entirely agiari fr now ill fiill retreii' across the cminlry, with the iiitenlii n, possible, of efl*! cling his esca|«' U|Km Montreol. 1 tiiiJ nut observe fliut sui h a eoinniiiiiieation, received at suili u nioiiieiit, exrilid no little alarm among all lo whom it «M»e(.iiiniuniealed. If the enemy were in sufliiient font lo detach largely IVnin onr iininedintii front, at u moinenl w hen nil nitaelt might daily Is' nntiei|Hiteil, what pruhi. Iiility was there that they would \tv unable to opimse u siieeessfiilly, our forcing one of the many admirublc ixw. tionj with whieli the eounlry around Alhaiiy abounded' and should we Hill in is'iiitratiiig tu that plieo brforr tlif fin ter lost bn w bparei cori Sard ' Brcatei by of pd we bn pri lives 1 Grei jents o Bore re I be wii liiidred ■ our I kc3e,on True, a i I about Ish btitti ie who SARATOGA. .r.^ and Macrea became, in upon iii.s daughter, (n, ig infirmities dimandod, rtuncs like a hero. Hit ishcd tlicm to die, in thi lonnrch'; and hie daugh. ight of his dim eyes, it his voice against Proti. -in-law, whom he Icvcil boys, survived ; and in an, on the completion of found many soarccs of itics. rh well known as a par. d neither insult nor ino. him. Allowances seen idices of an old soldier ; lis wishes as to the iinil I on the best terms with igB all led to an oppof^iu ncc was, that when Bur. most of his ncighboun ght shelter at a distanct dreamed of offering in he adopted a difl'ereni aincd with his daughtct n, whom liis principles rs. )ut of the track of cither 5m Ticondcrnga ; conpe. , if paid in the first ino. it liave been far from avc passed unscathed d en more rapid, or our but the ill-judgrd hall opportunity to maraud- take advantage, and by severe sufferer, im the lines, made their I upon him during tlir o the woods for safely, r his effects as they pus. e; and above all, tliev n the confusion, Macrci lad matters ended here. acrca was not a man to g, as he well knew, the it ; whilst guvcrumcut ipcnsation ibr any losi auscd. But the barba. [luiden fell, quarrelleil ir right to the captive; |ie rest, clove her skuli |id murder reached the in the general down lo ll to the utniofct pitch ol girl's l>ctrotlicd wu is leelings I leave you lituatcd lis we were, to jtors of the black tliem entirely »]nn irn to my detail of ini. 'cessiv(^ day added > I elVei'lii of the repulie I' the failure of Cnhiiiel Iwix was rnnimunleat. irally sii|M'rinr to liii |iiiH Indian allies, thai liiiquish Kcveral ini. Iblained ; and he ivu ry, with till' intvnticii, l>n Montreal. 1 iieid lion, rcnived at su(h inong all lo whom it . rri' Ml Buffieii'iit fnr« i< front, ut a moineni li'i|iuted, what prubt. unable to opiMisc ii Jiiunv udniiruble |io«i' II Albany abounded llliat plai's befor* lli» ntcr set fairly in, our prospects would, indeed, be of the ftst gloomy natur*. Nor was this the only considera- n which thrust itself fearfully into view. Rumours, iparently not without foundacion, were afloa^ of detnch- ' I corps hanging upon o\ir conimmiications. Fort Ed- ' ard was already menaced ; even Fort William had been * ircatcncd ; nor was it safe to forward the smallest con- ' ly of stores, except under the protection of a numerous ' id well-api)ointcd guard. But, above all, our informa- ■ an proved to bo, not only defective, but incorrect. In- ' Bad of a country every where friendly, we found our- .' Ives in the heart of a district decidedly and bitterly lios- ' e. Fewrecruits joined our standards?, and of these few, ' liiy were not to be trusted ; whilst the American Genc- ' I Greene was well known to receive daily reinforcc- Bnts of militia, gathered, as well from this, as from the ' ore remote settlements. Then, again, desertions began f be with us matters of frequent occurrence. Of the two bndred and fifty provincials which 'riginally formed part ■T our strength, scarcely one hundred remained ; and of lese, one or two usually went over to the enemy every night. Frue, a reinforcement of some hundreds of Gicrmans came I about this time, as well as drafts for several of the Bri- jsh battalions, and a few recruits for ourselves ; but on he whole, the army was greatly diminished, and was liily diminishing in numbers, whilst its mnrale had mi- Jeniably undergone a change by no means for the better, jfor did the evil i;iid even here. Our leader's proceedings legan to form the subject of frequent, and not very A- ourabic discussion, in all parts of the camp. VVhilst jDme condemned the inconsiderate rashness which had trricd us thus far fi-om our supplies and entangled us in L desert country, others exclaimed loudly against the wa- Jcring and timid policy which kept us so long inactive, t a moment when every consideration of common pru- tnce required a prompt advance. Even our generals eiusclves restrained not their tongues from giving ut- ranci! to such criticisms. General Philips, in particu- ir, was loud in condemning the indecision by which all ur operations were marked ; and Praser, though person, lly a friend of General Burgoyne, could hardly smother ' is impatience, or suppress similar complaint-". Yet is it o more than just towards Burgoyne to observe, that he taboiired at tlii.s juncture under disadvantages of no ordi- Bary n.iture; and if his movements were less prompt than ■[hey might, and perhaps ought to have been, it is very (ms- pibic that tlicy were dictated by a sense of what was due, wtli to himself, and to the brave army of which he was in ommand. General Burgoyne had as yet received no advices from >fow York, indicative of any intention on the part of Sir M^illiam (Clinton to o|ierate in his favour by an advance iip the Hudson. Now, this of itself was a grievous dia- Appointment to one whose plans were nil lormed with a tiow to such co-oiMTutimt, and who had iinticipaled, on BCttiii!; out, that a junetiou of forces would t.ikc place, if hot lit .\lbany, certainly a few leagues below it. But Troni Albany we were now distant not more than forty [jniles, whereas the corjis wiiieli we had expected to meet ■here, was not yet, as I'lr as we knew, in march from the Intrenched eamp, situated at thrice that distance fVoni She point of rendc7.voiis. Again, our menns of trans|M)rt, lorigmally scanty, liecain'' every hour more niid more in- indoquatc to the demands of the army j for the horses jiiiocki'd up from incessant labour, and nil our efforts to Ireeniit tlii'in failed — whilst the necessity which existed hf leaving strong gnrrisons nt the [losts in our rear, 0|ie. ■■ated as a serious drain upon n force, from the (irst scarce. ly eom|)oteiit to the sueeessl'ul ueeomplishmeni of an en. ^rprisi' so hazardous as that in which we were engaged. ■All these matters were doiibtloss fell in their fiill force by ^Jeneriil llurgnyne,to whom a separate eomiiianil was new ; oiicl if Ilit'V produced a thousand doubts and misgivings, jiiiH Id tlir |)ro|M'r measures which it behoved him to adopt, llliesi' emiTgencies were not dilferent from what might hieii exiK'cted. Slill hii doubts and misgivings kvere reiidoreil but too manifest to the troops. They also flH'gm lo enlertnin suspicions thiit nil Ihini's went not on Jliriglil ; and the eonfldeiiee which they l>i>d oriirinnlly ex- Iperi.iieed, botli in themselves and their leailers, suffered Ifroin that moment considerable diminution, CHAVTKR VI. It was now the nmnth of Scptemlier, and my lienlUi Ihi'ing in a great measure restored, I was nimul to return Ito my ilotv, when I received n ines»nge one morning, Ithrouiih an ordi'rly sergeant, indii'iting that the general Ideslred lo «:(' me. I obeyed the Hiiinnions without delay, Innil liillowing my ('(Hiduelor, was licl lownrds it sort of [loj; Imt, whiwi the pioneers had eit^eied ohout a quifter of a mile in rear of the regular encampment. It was here that our commander in chief had fixed his head quarters ; several tents in which his staff and attendants lodged, Iwing beside it, whilst about a stone's throw apart, was a tall marquee, inhabited, as 1 was given to under- stand, by the lady of Baron Rcidesdcl, her children, and female Bcr\'ant8. On entering the hut, I beheld General Burgoyne seated beside a table on which lay a multitude of maps and pa- pers ; and near him stood my friend and relation. Captain Frascr, with whom he seemed to be in earnest eonversu- tion. He turned his face towards me, and having ascer- tained from Frascr wlio I was, pointed to a stool, on which he desired that I would sit down. " Young man," said he, " 1 have sent for you, because I have received from ('aptain Frascr th« most favourable report of your gallantry and good conduct ; and because I am desirous, at his recommendation, of employing you upon a service, which will entitle you to the highcbt re- wards which it may be in my power to bestow. Are frou willing to embark upon an enterprise of no ordinary lazard ? Have you any reluctance to risk your life, in order to advance the fortunes of this army ?" To say that I heard this speech without emotion, would be to speak fnlsoly. My heart leajred, as it were, to my throat; but if there was something of apprehension in the feeling which at first caused this agitation, it soon gave way to a sense of honest pride, that I had been thus spoken of, and was thus favoured. 1 rei>licd without hesitation, that I was Iretli willing and ready to under- take any duty on which it should please the general to employ me; and that 1 would gladly, not only hazard, but lay down my life ut once, to secure the smallest be- nefit cither to the army or its leader. " You have spoken bravely, sir," replied the general, smiling ; " and that you may have at once a foretaste of the fortune that awaits you, jirovided your zeal and dili- gence be as I anticipate, permit me to present you with this commission. It confers temporary and local rank only, because to such only my authority extenils j but you may rely upon having it confirmed, as soon as the des- patch which I iini now preparing to send otf hhnll reach the Horse (Juards. And now, ^Mr. Macdirk, you may re. tire, ('aplain Frascr will fidly instruct you in the busi- ness which you are about to undertaUe, and you will, of course, consider all that is said to you, as spoken in the strictest confidence. Till the fitting moment arrive, you will continue to do duly with your old leader, though you will Ik! prepared to give me your personal attendance as often as I may reipiire." So saying, the general rose and bowed ; u|)on which Frnser put his arm within mine, and we quitted the hut. It were utterly iin]K«siliI(' for me to descrilic the state of mind into which the preceding scene threw me. I found myself of a sudden, and when 1 least expected it, advnne. I'd to the rank of a eommis'jioiied ollicer, and gladdened with the promise of future advancement from one who possessed every means of fulfilling it. So far nil my Ihonghls were agreeable — so agreeable, indeed, as to bor- der u|>on extravagance. But then there were condilions to be attended to, there was some service to lie aceoin- plished more than ordinarily hazardous, Ujion the happy accomplishment of which my prospects were made dis- linelly lo de|K'iid. What eould this hi' 7 I neither an nor ever was a coward, yet lit me confess the truth, tliough there was nothing liir w hieli I longed more ear- nestly than an explanation, I Nhrnnk with instinetive dread from ileninnding it I was afraid, fairly and giosi- tively afraid — not to (wcv death, for that I had faced often enough already to have acquired a sort of constitulionnl cniitempt for it; but I dreaded my own inability to sup- |»ort the brilliant charaeler which it was very evident my friend Frnser had bestowed on me. It was my prudence and discretion, not my physienl courage that I doubted. I'Vaser rend my agitation in my eounlennnee, thoiigh I did my best trf coneeni it, and laughed at it. " Why, Mnedirk !" said he, " I gave you credit for grniler ner\e than you seem lo ihwschs, What ails you, nmn 1 An you not extremely fortunate in nblnining promotion thus early ? and is It not honnurahic to yon in the highest de gree, that yon should he dcoined worthy of our genrriil's confidence /" I eould only answer these questions in the nllirmative ; " but," continued I, " who knows whellier I bo competent to fulfil the task which he has done me the honour to nssigu me 7 It may require greater ex|H'rience and more iiilelligenee than I iHrnsesn; for you know I am ns yet n young soldier, tliough certainly a very zealous one." " Tul, tut I" rrplied he, " I will answer for i our fitness. .'Vnd no«* Irt us A'ithdraw to some place tput, ihat I ma.y cxphin to you the nature of llie undertaking in which you arc about to embark." \\c walked on for Koinc time, clearing tlie encampment, and passing the sentries, till we gained nn open ..iid ele- vated spot, where no intruder eould break in upon us without timely warning being given of his approach. Here Frascr seated himself, and inviting me to do the same, he began a conversiilion, of which I need fcurcely observe that it was to me a deeply interesting one. " Macdirk," said be, " you nic not so unskilful in the bu.sincss of campaigning, as to be ignorant that this army has got itself into a devil of a scrajie. Whether Burgr.yic bo to blame, or Howe or Clinton, or the govemnicnt 1 1 home, or nil combined, is a matter of very little moment now; but that we are entangled in n ni't from which it will be no easy matter to extricate ourselves with lioncur, the rawest recruit amongst us must perceive. Don't yr.u think, tliat to be the means of cutting this (Jordian kne.t, would of itself be satisfactory to any man ?" I nodded, rather than spoke, an assent ; upon which he continued. " The great question to be solved at prcFcnt is, whether it he prudent to advance or relrent; for to remain where we are much longer, is to ensure our certain destruction. Now that is a matter which cannot be aseertained, unless some communication be ojiened with the troojis in Niw York. How do vou think this might be done J" I answered with [lerfect truth, thiit 1 could offer no opinion u|>on such a subject, but that I BU]ipoacd (jineral Howe or Sir William Clinton would lake care to inform us, as so<-iii us they had matured their plans and wire ready to ocl u|Hin them. "They mature their |)lnnsl" an^,« end he, with a smile of bitter scorn. " .\s to i Id Howe, the fellow never hud head enough to form iiny plan, unless it were to entrap seme silly wench, or pick sonic young fellow's pocket; and Clinton is eternally forniiiig plans, upon which he never nets, and iiiakii g schemes, for the hnppy ceccntion of which he never fiiiils a fitting season. If we wait for information roinmuiii- cateil spontaneously from them, we shall wait, I siispiel, till doomsday. No, no, my friend, it is we I hat iiiu.st ope'n this communieatioii : and you arc the ni.Tii lo do so, or I greatly mistake yon." " I open this coininnnicntion ! In the name of eoiiniKii sense, how can I, ignorant as I am of the ennntry, |.re. tend to make my way thrcugli the heart of the Aiiieri- can army ?" Frascr was silent for some minutes, during which Iio lix)kcd steadily into my face, as if he would have rctd my inmost soul, and weighed my very feelings before they were roused. " Macelirk," suid he nt length, "tlic-c arc not times when a man who loves his country nniit be very fastidious as to the inenns which he adopts to serve her. As 1 saiil licforc, we are in a des|M'rate liliglit, and desperate measures only will snve us. Vou nmst undertuKe tliis business, lor 1 have pledged my: i If Ihnt vou should; and though you put your neck in jeopnrdy by so doing, whnt niattiis it? It you be prmleiit, you may escape, and then a rapid promotion awaits you." Another pause of some moments occurred, for iny as- surances that I would attempt any thing piaeticable can hardly be said lo have broken it, when Frascr ngnin re- sumed. " I presimie you are possessed of loo iiiiieh good sense not to lie aware, that the character of every uetioii takes its tone, not from the opinions of others respceling it, Imt from tlie motive which dietales its performnnca. You are likewise too much of a soldier not lo Ik- con- vinced, that he who obeys his geiural only does his duty, hi the order be of what nature or tendeney it may." To both of these propositions, I readily nsseiiU'd. "Well, then," continued he, " suppose (leneral Hurgoyne were to require you or me to desert our colours, — nut for the piir- |H)Ke of really acting ns trnitors, but lo further some gn'ut end of his own, — do you think that we should lie justified in obeying him?" Even now I eouhl not eoniprehrnd tliu objeii ul which he was driving; so I replied vaguely anil in general terms, that I did not believe any ginernl would deiiiiind such a sacrifice from the niennest of his followers, mill that it would be time enough to discuss the proprhty of oliedieiue or disobedience, when an order lO lingiihir were issued. " Then, my good fellow," said he, speaking in a lone of great carnestnesh, and Inyiiig his hand upon my shniilder, "that moment lins nctiinlly come. I will cut Ibis matter shorl. Of the difficulties into which wo have fnllen I have olrendy told you. Wo advance, it it true, on the morrow, — tliat is to say, we erum the river, and shall probably push forward nt all harjirds as far n« .'Mbuny ; hut iM-yund that |Hiint we cannot move till the triNqis from New York he Induced to lend ns their as. sisttuicc. How are ihuy to he told of our neriinus silij '• tion ■*— foi if we be m jrof irdy now, ^-c f tiftU be a ihiu- m "v* M SARATOGA. i f- siiid times more in danger when the Hudson ia between us and our coninuniicalions. 'I'licrc is but one way of ellbcling this cud. To attempt a passage through the enemy's lines unnoticed, would be to expose yourself to certain destruction. Five messengers have been already gent out, and all five liave, as our spies inform us, suffered death. You must desert; you nmst pretend to pass over to the enemy, and then you must find your way as you best can, to the coast. No doubt you will have obstacles to overcome both numerous and severe; but the thing must be done, — and you nmst do it" I was so confounded at this declaration, that for some time after Fraser had ceased to speak, I sat absolutely at a loss for a reply. Had he proimsed to me to make my way in disguise, though I should have felt that the service was a de»i)crate one, 1 would have undertaken it, if not cheerfully, at all events without a murnmr ; but to adopt the method now (viiuted out was to put in jeopardy, not only my life, but my honour. As soon as i could so far command myself as to speak, I positively and flatly de- clined the trust. I e.xprea.'ied not only my disinclination to the arrangement-, but the absolute impossibility of per- forming it with eftect ; for what excuse could 1 offer to tlio enemy for such a proceeding, should I be so furtimate as to reach their lines unhurt ? and if I did reach thcni, where was th.: probability that I should l)c permitted to penetrate as far iis New Vork ? " No, no," conliiuied I, " propose any thing to nic except tliis, and I will aC(;om- plish if, or perish in the attempt ; but if I nuist put my reputation in liazanl, in order to purcha.'»e advancement in a profession which requires in its meniljcrs tlic nicest s»nso of honour, I will rather continue as I am, unknown and disregarded, for ever." I sjiokc feelingly and warmly, and my toiu^ was not without its effect upon Fraser ; but he persisted in urging the ta.sk Ujion nie. He pointed out, that of my reputafion both (-eneral Ilurgoync and himself would tike charge; that, if 1 p(!rislied, amjde justice would be done to my metnory ; whcreiis, if I siiecerdcd, my renown would biightcn in proportion to the temisirary cloud tliat had bjcii cast over if. Above all, he urged nic to take into consideration the prodigious l>enefits which I might lie llie means of eonfiTring U|)on an entire arm^'. Though I could not but acknowledge tliat there was great justice in many of his arguments, they were not yet sui;h as to convince me. I persisted in my refusal, at all events, whilst things conlinued as little des|)erafe as they were, and begged him to urge me no more on a |xjint on which my mind w.is ipiitc made up. Fraser either was, or pre- tended to be, both hurt and offended by my maimer. " ATid vour commi-isiiin," said he, "for what pur|io»e was Ihiit conferred u|K)n you.' Will vou retain the re- ward without having striven to merit it .'" "(•apl.iin Fraser," replied I haughtily, "the cominis- sion w;i.s ciinferred u|)on me, — at least, 1 accepted it, — not as a retaining fee for future services, but as a reward for the p.ist ; but since tliere appears to be a doubt on the Rubject, let it Iw solved af once. Here is the bit of paper, carry it back to the general, and fell him, that 1 would rather serve as a private vohmteer, honourably and up- rightly, than earn the dignity of lieUl marshal, by eonibiel such as my own cMuiseience cannot approve." I held out the parchment wliilst 1 spoke, my face glowing with a Kcinc of insulted dignity ; but Fraser pushed it aside, and throwing liin arms about my neck, In'gged nie to forget his hasty oliservatinn. "Keep your commission, my ilear Imy," cried he; " you never ap|Mared more worthy of it llniii now ; for though 1 think your scruples ill-t()unded and ivcii ridicu- lous, ( cannot but resiH'ct the principle from wliieh they upring. Iivt Ihe leiior of our past c^onversafion Imi kepi otrictly to oiirselvi's, Think over my proposnl again, and perhaps the inomint may arrive when you will iliscover, lli'at a soldier never acts so nobly as when he risks, in his country's service, all that is most dear to him." So say- inj, he rose from the ground, and we strolled back to the cmip, arm in arm, as we had ipiittrd it, on the Im'sI terms, and in iierfect gnidered, that an opporlunily was now presenled of ndvniwinir niy fortunes, such «s might never offer again; and llial if I neglerled it, llie fine mighl, and piolinbly wnold riMic , when I should biftcily lament my folly. On the ollur. fhc risk of iierisliing, and perishing like a coward, witli u reputafion tarnished, and a name never to be pronounced without reproach, — Uiese considerations operated power- fully witli me, to adhere to the determination which ] had already expressed, of absolutely refusing the part as- signed lo me. For it had been explicitly stated, that no step would be taken to preserve my memory from dis- grace, till the fact of my having fallen a sacrifice should tic ascertained. My own safety, indccd| required that neitlier Uie general nor Fraser should intrust mc with any written document, from which, in case of untoward events occurring, a justification might be drawn ; and to permit the eircmnstancc of their connivance witli my pretended crime to get abroad, would infallibly ruin the entire plot. Real deserters passed over to tlie enemy's lines every day ; nnd should it be known in our camp that a spy had ossunicd that character, no great time would elapse ere the Americans would become equally aware of it. Besides, what probability existed, even al- lowing that I reached their army in safety, tliat I shouki be (MTinilted to oass unobserved to the rear ? and if I did, were there not numerous posts in the highlands, through which it would lie necessary to make my way, in order to reach New York ? The whole affair accordingly ap- jiearod in a light so little satisfactory, that though ambi- tion pulled forcibly to one side, prudence, nnd what I was willing to dignify by the name of honour, pulled no less strongly to the other ; and I found myself, afVcr many hours' intense cogitation, os far from arriving at a final determination as when tlie proposal was first laid before me. The same doubts and misgiving which had tormented me during tlie day, continued to torment mc when it de- parted. I l.iy down, indeed, but it was not to slrap, for with sleep the fever midcr which I lalmured was totally at variance. After tossing aliout, therefore, for some time, I fancied that the night air miglit refresh me, and, wrap- ping my cloak about me, I walked forth. It was one of those lovely autumnal nights, when the full harvest moon shines in all her brilliancy, and every plant and leaf glit- ters in the dew, which never falls so fast as after a day of burning sunshine. The sky was blue and cloudless, and there was a silence throughout the lines, deep and un- broken, like that which reigned in the camp of^tlie Assy- rians, when the Angel of Death fought for Jerusalem. Kveii the sentinels, as if weary of promenading, stood still, and leaning upon the muzzles of tlicir firelocks, looked up into the heavens, whilst tlic only soiuid dis- finguisliabic was the murmur of the river as it swept with a quiet rush over its rocky channel. Of the effect )f such a scene upon spirits somewhat over-wrought, 1 need not sfx'ak. A calm ft II iijion me, similar in all re- six'els to that which ap|icared to dwell ujion the rest of Nature's works ; and I strolled forward in Uie direction of the outposts, forgetful of every idea or sensation, ex- i'( |it those which surrounding objects were calculated to exeile. It was not long In'fore the hmlily macliine liegan lo fiel the inlliK'iiri^ of a mind reeoniiled to itself, and eased of troublesome spiM'ulafions. A desire to sleep, which all my eiforts In promote bad failed in exciting, stole gra- dually but iiii|KreeptibIy o\er me; and 1 returned soon after inidnight to my tent, where a sound nnd refreshing slumber fell iifion me, CH.M'TKR VII. At an early Imur in tJie morning of the Mtli, I was awoke by the entrance of an orderly, who came to inform me that llic troops were getting iinilir arms, anil thai llie passage of tlii^ river was exix^eteil immediately to fake place. Of the (ireparalions for this step, which had for some lime Imek been carried on, I was not ignorant. A flotilla of iKiats having Iseii coMectrd, and an adequate number of rails eoiisfriicted, our |K!oplc had thrown a briilge across the Hudson, a task to the rompletinn of wliieli no iiitiTriiption was offered by the .Americans; and now all things Ising in rendlness, even to the bring- iiig up of slnres and provisions, il was determined lo lose no fiiiic in turning the work in question to uieoiinf. I was not surprised at this inliiriiiafion, because Fraxir, in our coiili'ii'iK'c of III!' preceding day, had led me lo ex peet if ; so I arose, dn sw'd with all haste, and hurried oil to assume my priqicr station with the Marksmen. Nothing eoiild Ihi I'lier or more im|>osing, than flu s|i<'elaek> which this eventful morning produced. 'I'he army, thniigh diminished in |siiiit of iiunih<'rs, and some, what shorn of its splendour by long nnd s« vere fcrviee, was still such as no military eye could iK'Imhl wifhoiit ndniirntion ; and as it defiled over fliR nnrrow bridge in column of sections, tlio regularity of ilJ muvcmcnts, ami the steadiness of its well ordered tread, failed not to n. cite, at least in me, much of my former enthusiasm. Noi was the scene wilhoiit its effect upon others, as well ai upon myself. The officers, generally, cleared away froij their brows the clouds which had of late hung over them, and exhibited, by their bearing and cheerful comitenancf!, that even yet they anticipated success ; whilst tlic soldicn resumed in a moment that bold and careless demeanour, of which a prolonged inactivity, for which they eannoi satisfactorily account, never fails to deprive British troopt Even tlic commander in chief, of whose disposition i« despond ample proof had already been exhibited, sat ir, evident delight to watch tlic progress of an operation, touching the ultimate consequences of which he forbore to form a guess ; and spoke nnd acted like one who liad not yet resigned all hoiic of a fortunate issue. Frasct olonc took, or apiieared to take, no interest in passing events. ' You see, Mncdirk," said ho to mc, " tlint the general still trusts to your zeal. 1 have not told him, nor will I tell him, that you reject his offers, and refuse to obey hii wishes ; but this much I do not hesitate to say to yourself; that on you now, more than on niiy other individual, miui the safety of this army depend. By crossing tlic rivet we commit ourselves, beyond the hope of redemption; and we are utterly ruined, unless Clinton move to sup. port un." No opportunity was furnished of giving on answer to this speech, for the speaker passed on before I could iii. tor a syllable, and 1 could only follow in a state of feeling, not very easily dcscribcul, tliough certainly far from be- ing so agreeable as had but a few moments before pos- sessed mc. To trans|Kirt the army with its guns, stores, nnd am- munition, over the Hudson, occupied tlie whole of flio 13th and the greater part of the 14th of September. Ii is true that no very vigorous exertions were made to conduct the movement with greater alacrity ; but as tlic weather chanced to lie particularly favourable, and the enemy showed no disposition to interfere, little immediate ineonvenience arose out of their absence. We took up a |K>sition, partly upon the heights, partly in the plains neai Saratoga, where we remained unmolested till a late hout in the evening of the 15tli. It is hardly necessary for me to remind you, that in the prosecution of the American war, c&ution, amounting to timidity, sometimes received the appellation of nrii- dcnce, nnd that indecisive and dilatory proceedings, from whatever cause they might arise, passed in too many in- stances current for the results of wise nnd sober conai- dcration. There was a sort of instinctive apprehension of unseen dangers in the minds of our leaders in general, which seldom failed to operate with the grentcst powot on occasions where there existed the feeblest ground for il; and to such General Dnrgoync proved himself, on this as on other occasions, not less a slave than his brot^ : commanders. Instead of piisliing vigorously forward to Albany ut once, from which we were now distant little more than thirty miles, he put his columns in motion on the l.'ifhiOnly llinl he miglit again halt, after coiiipassini; a journey of barely five miles. There, at n place cnlkd Hovacott, a seeend (losifiiiii was assumed, with the |>arnile nf |M'rsons satisfied with the siiecesses which they haJ already obtained, and anxious to secure tiiem ; nnd tlure, during the wlinle of the llitli, flic main body was kept in a stale of useless and diplornble inactivity. Whilst the army at large was thus wasting its time, nnd furnishing the enemy willi all the leisure which tiny could desire liir the eomplitinn of their prc|)arntions, one or two lecomuiitriiig parties were sent out, confesseilly with n view to asceifnin the nature nnd resources of the surrounding enunfry, but iiinrc truly, i Ix-lieve, nn a sort of excuse to the mind of the general himself. On lliif service I chanced to be employed. We found no trace dl' the Americans witliiii the s|mce which our orders mark- ed out for IIS, nnd very little from which to draw iips rc|iorf difl'crcnf fnmi thai which our guides nnd spies lind L'iveii previous to the eommencenient of the campni(rn- llire, as in the ilirectinii of Hi niiington, swiepingloreili nniversnlly privailid. In the heart of these, and at enn- siderable intrrvnls one f'riaii nnnlher, h lew farm houici and ollii'r settlements were plai''ed, and wlierever siirli (Hciirred, there was the iiKiial pro|iottioii of grieii meniloiv and n|H'ii fields ; but fiir the most part flic scenery uai such as prevails in oilier qiiarlers of Ametien, cs|H-einllv near the lakes, or by the courses of the largi^ ri\er> ( 'reeks niiil snialler streams were, indeed, more abundiiiii here than we bail yet liiiiiiil llirni, falling in, across flu line of our route, with the Hudson ; bill these wi're ol- inost nil i'\tr< Mii'ly narrow, Mime of lliiiii quite shalliiw. and not one capable of iiiiprding flic prngrits oilhri ol I'd tread, fail«d not to tt. y former enthusiasm. Not :t upon others, as well ii ivrally, cleared away froni lad of late hung over them, ind cheerful couIltcnancr^ access ; whilst tlic soldicn I and careless demeanour, ty, for which they eannoi a to deprive British troopi ', of whose disposition iq idy been exhibited, sat ir. progress of an operation, nees of which lie forbore d acted like one who had fortunate issue. Frascr c, no interest in passing I to me, " Oiat the genera] B not told him, nor will I irs, and refuse to obey hii hesitate to say to yourself, my other individual, mtui 1. By crossing tlie river the hope of redemption; ^ss Clinton move to sup. d of giving on answer lo scd on berare I could m. bllow in n state of feeling, rh ccrtninly far from be. ew moments before po«. its guns, stores, and am. cupicd tlie whole of ths 3 14th of September. Ii exertions were made lo ^ater alacrity ; but as tlic larly favourable, and tin? interfere, little immediate • alisence. We took up a I, partly in the plains near nmolested till a late hour ! to remind you, that in I war, c&ution, amounting the appellation of nrn. ilatory proceedings, from ', pasKrd in too many in )f wise and sober coml. instinctive apprehension of our leaders in general, vith the greatest power I the feeblest ground lor proved himself, on tliii lave thon his hrot'^ ; vigorously iorwhrd lo ere now distant lllllo loliiiiiiis in motion on linlt, nOer coinpasbiiii; Then', nt ii pliice called siiiiii'd, with the panicle r.s.ses which they hal lire tiirni; and tliirr, iiuiii body was kept in naclivity. thus wasting its time, 1 the leisure which tliey their prc|Mirntinns, one sdit nut, confessi'illv re nnd reHourees of llie Illy, I JM'lieve, ns a sorl rnl himself. Dii tliii We fdiiiul no trace el liieli our orders mark 11 which lo draw up » ir guides nnd spies liail iiieut of the canipai)rii. pinn, swi rping ioreili t of these, niul at rnii. irr, a lew farm houici I, nnd wlirri'ver siieli itiiiii of grcrn nieniliin pnrl the Freiiery wai f America, e»|K'einlly of the large ri»iri, ndeed, more ahundiiiii filling ill, across llir 1 ; bill till se were nl if (lii'iii (|iiit(' shiillow, lie prngrct.) cillici (•! SAKATOiiA. ..fiuitry or arti.'lcry for a single hour. Ytt General Bur- •oync saw fit to delay tlie nmreh of his eoluiiins till they "lould all be furnished with bridges constructed after a jttled model : ond the consequeiieo wa.«, tli.it wlieii it lid begin again to move, our marcli was at ouec tardy, jrcgular, and cruelly interrupted. ** On the 1 7tli we were once more in motion ; but the *i»nic caution that had hitherto cramped u.s, continued to "^xurt its influence. No doubt, the road by wliicli we travel- ed was ft bad one. Swnmps and creeks intervened so frc- ucntly, that o<:casional halt's to enable the pinneers to do lieir oflicc, were iiidis|)ensable ; whilst detached bodies of e enemy began by degrees to show tlieiiisclves, though ley studiously avoided a rencontre with our ad' ance. ut those inconveniences, tlirough umiuestionably cdiisid- able, were not such ns to produce the result vvliicli ac- .ally occurred. Our progress wns ridiculously slow, id we again halted, about four miles from Stillwater, laving compassed barely one league and a half from sun- ise till afternoon. Here, nimn a spot of ground us fa- -onrablc as could lie seleelcd, the caiiiji was |>itelic(l, and til tilings were arranged, as if for a sojourn, not of a few ours, but of many weeks. It was my fortune this night to ho placed in coiuinand of "^ very important and liazari'.diis outpost. Ourstation ■ 'Iroiitoftheariny, inanopcn meadow covered witu long, (grass, and intersected by a stream, whieli, lliougli iiciliier *very deep nor very broad, was rend,' red (lilliiiill to pass joii account of the steepness of its banks and the rapidity I' its current. Over that stream my little baiul was islieil for the purpose of eoveiiiig a working piiity, liieli immediately alli-rniglitfall was ordireil up lo eon- itruet a bridge; and bi'iiig wholly iinsii|iiH)rted, or rather iilirely in advance of the regular chain, we were left to roviile as we l)est could against such contiiigeiiiios as night befall. I need not say that in such a siliiatinn my clings were not of llie most enviable dtscriplinn. 'I'liero as nothing on eillier of my flanks to which I eoiilil look; no line of sentinels eoiiiu'cliiig nie willi otlirr piek- (.s, or even keeping oiieu my eonnnnnieation willi llie ear; but I stood ulone as it were, in the midst of an 0|mii .jilairi, exposed on all sides to attack, yet myself e.vpected Tlo give protection to others. i As the Sim had not set when I first took up my ground, some opportunity was given to provide against arciilenls, of which I gladly and eagerly proceeded In avail myself. I planled my guard, consisting of fitly men, dirrelly in front of the spot marked out (i)r the bridge, and piislied out my sentries in a convex line, some two or lliree liiin- died yards in advance. Hy this nrrangemeut I flaUeriil myself with giving at least some security bcith lo my front and flanks, for tlie line of sentries tlfl baek on liolli hands lo the river; and trusting to a patrol for the prolec. tioii of my rear, I endeavoured lo |x'rsuade iny.si If that all was sal!'. Hut as daylight departed, my apprelnnsious iH'gan lo gather strength, more especially as the appear, ance of the sunset seemed lo foretell a eoining l(ni|)cst; and when night eIo.sed in in darkness the innsi inipenetra- hie, I trembled ihr the fate which might nwall not myself only but the entire army. That no blame, however, iiiiglit altaeli lo nie, in case any untoward event did oeeur, 1 re. solved not so much as lo lie down; ami the inure In deceive an enemy, should any such npproac'h, I caused the fires lo be extinguished, ami eomniamUd the men to maintain a profliiind but watchful silence. You will easily believe-, that with such inipnssinns upon my inind, I ex|K'riene(il no inclination wliulever to sleep. Willi the departure of the sun's hn^f ray, my per. ainliiilatiniis began ; and from thai moiuinl I eea.-i-d not lo wander rmiml from one flank of the eliaiii of sentries lo aniillier. For some lime these exeursinns wcri' pro. din'tive of no other results tliaii nsinlly altcnd the \i. silalions of their videttes by careful ofiieers: llie inni were all kept active to their duly; but of danger or the np. pcaranee of it, no symptom whatever was rxliibilcd. Once indeed, and only once, when the pTlrol eliiillriigid I'roni the rear, I was put cnmpletelv on niv indlle; "iiiit as the |H'rsous hailed proved to be flrleii(ls--as Ihey were indeed the artificers eoiiie up lo fiilfil llicir task. Hie sense of ninriii which Iheir arrival ennled, s i gave phiei' lo a degree of eonlhlenee iiion' di cidiil lliaii I had lienlolore exiKTinieed. Vet 1 ennid iinl wlinllv divist myself of the iMTsiiasinii thai llie Americans wen iware 111 1 iir exjHised siliialion, uiid would avail llienisehes of it ; and the issue proved that mlllier my lorehndings nor • iispieiiiiis were groimdh'ss. It miglil be nlioiit ten or elevrti n'elml,, niir aitifieers lii'ing in fiill and rather hiipiac i.ii- eiiiployiiiinl In the when, on goiii'.r my round-, I suildei'ilv iiinght n person ' ■ . ' . igh lie iinnil lis „\' •''llllinll Ihlc moving slowly and with ivtreine rinps. I ►li.pprd kIi.iii, finl, apply. ing my ear to the ground, hecanic instaiUly satisfied that my sense of hearing had not ( eeiived me, though, to assist that sense with the scn.sc of sight not my ut. most exertions availed any thing. The moon, already in the wane, had not yet risen, and the few stars which from time to time .shot forth, were almost immediately darkened by a mass of black clouds, whicli a strong southerly breeze drove through the sky. I could not, therc^fore, distinguish any object at the distance of live yards ; and even noises lieeauu! every moment more and more indistinct, as the increasing force of the wind cans- ed the weeds and boughs to wave with greater and great, er violence. The tread of men is, however, a sound which when once heard it is not tvisy to fiirget; and hence, though the sighing of the wind and the rustling of the long grass caused frerpient and long interruptions, ! still caught lit intervals the trampling of llet, as if people were defiling past me. I challeugcd loudly, and my dial, lengc wiLS rejicated hy the line of sentries, one after an- other. At this instant, tlierc came a luU in the tlorni ; for the fresh breeze had graeluully increased to a storm ; and that lull, in all jirobaljilily, saved us. Not I alone, but the sentinels every where overheard Hie shutlling "hicli a halt suddenly and ((iiielly ordered never liiils lo dnee; audit became appart-nt lo all, that our post would shortly lie maintained only hy diul of eouragi and hard fighting. Thus eireuinstanced, I f( It that net a moment was to be lost, (ietliiig my picket mider arms, and despatehiiii.' a corporal to warn the arlifieers of their elanger, 1 look with iiic a patrol of six men, ami stole rvviird lo llie iliiirsfc, and in an In- stant we were eii(rii;L'<'d hiiiiil to li.ind with OUT assail- ants. The lmiiii.dialc ed'ecl of » eliari;e ..o spirited was to cause the eieiny to recoil; Ihey eviti loi I their order foi a time, and in some parts of the liiiu turned and fled; but Ihc odds against us were tremendous, and soon be- gan to tell. Tlie Aim rieaiis' fire alone was overwhehn- iiig; and though our brave fellows withstood it nobly, they were nt last conipellcd lo give ground. And now it may truly le said, that wc lijiight ftir lite or death. Borne back to the edge of the stream, nt a point where its steep a-.d rocky bunk rendered all effort to pass hope- less, nothing seemed' left for us, except to sell our lives at the dearest; fijr a cry suddenly arose of mo>t perilous import, forbidding nil exiHitnlion of quarter, even in ca.>.e of submission. Where this cry originated, I know not ; for, to do them justice, il was no part of the .\mc- ricau policy to render the war one of extermination ; but that it did sound over the noise of the .'■trifi-, and was re- pented from man lo man, I have the evidence of my .senses for declaring. Yet I much ipiesliun whether it did not, upon Ihc whole, prove serviceable to us. If any mail had previnusly entertained an idea of surrender, llio shout of " No Quarter 1" caused him instanlly lo uban- don it; and heni:e all fought like perioiis labouring un- der the sure conviction, that their lives inui-'. pay the for- feit cither of cowardice or insubordination. There was, u|)Oii the tununit of the right hank, a stripe of' low underwood, of tlic sk-nder cover afl'orded by which wc gladly availed ourselves. There wc lav liir a full hour, exposed lo a fiisillade, which, hut fiir tlio thick darkness which rendered it comparatively harm- less, must have annihilalid us in u few minulCB; and, strange to s.iy, not an efl'ort was made by the troops in our n ar, either to support us in our position, or bring us off. 'J'hat the alarm was, indeed, comniimieutcd to tlieiii, a variety of eircunistanees iKiinted out. In an inslaiit all the fires in the camp were extinguished; ths roll of drums, and the braying of bugles, came up upon the blast, and every other sound which usually accom- panics the sudden calling of men from sleep to arms, was distinctly heard. But iif I a company was put in iiir)lion, at least as fhr as we could di.-eever, though of the ixtreme peril of our situation, it ajj cared impossiblo that our leader cnuld be ignorant. I'oilunatcly for us, however, the Americans were slow to I.elicve that a Hri- tisli general could give up one of his advanced posts to destruction. These indications of a ginen;l stir in tlio camp were no sooner cIiserM il, llian the fire of the enemy iKgaii to slacken, and Ihey gradually withdrew from be- fiire a handful of men, not one of whom, had Ihey per- severed a few minutes longer, could have escaped. 1 need not say, that never has a cciiipieror rejoiced moro sincerely at his victory, i ban we rejoiced liiis night nt the rclrogressii 11 of our enemies, over whom, liowevcr, we were hardly weak enough to trimnpb, as if by dint of our own personal valour we had repulsed them. The last shot had been long fired, iHuilhe last shadow of ail .Viiurican withdrawn, bel'ori, we ventured In emerge from tin- tliicket, or i'cel our way towards tho front. Seeing, however, that no lie my rallied, wc at length ti«'l> I iiiirage lo approach the ope-ii eeiuntry ; and our salisllie I'Mii was fiir I'min trilling, when we Inniid that not a vestige- eif Hie- fiiice, willi which wc had just been engaged, renin ini'd. Tlie-y were gone, h-uviiig be- liinel them iiianire.-l traces of their reiiile in the long grass trodden down into mimerous piithwiiys; and grea' and wtll-fonmbd was our jeiy, when we pi-rceivcd thai these all led ill a dircelieii deeiile dly towards the front. Thus assure il that the ri-trogression was no f'eiiit lo draw us fi niii emr place- eif Kalely, nnd expose us lei t'ri-sh as- saults, we proci-e cleel to assiinie- once more the ground freiiii which we had >.o lately been ilrivcn ; whilst a iiics- .si iiger was despale bed, with all haste, lo the reor, in order to acquaint the general with the result of the skirmish, It was not withoeil e-onsieU-ral le dillienlly that the lat- te-r contrived, during lln- darkness nf ibis IcmpcFlnons nijilit, lo make bis way across the stream; but he did eio.ss it, and in thtr time the pioneers, who bad rclrealed em Ihc first fire-, retnincd to complile tlnir tasks. In the ini-an while, having earefiilly rcpbui d my sentinels, I sent out parlies in all dircelions, to examine the field, as we II IIS Ihey i-oulel, Hir lln- weinmled and ilyilig. Ou emr side, lliiee ami twenty men had I'iilleii, of whom HI'- li-eii were soon bronglit in, snnie- more, and nihers less M vcrcly hurt ; but of the- e ni-iuy no niore lliaii six were iliseovi-red, nnd nf tlicFe', all, exei-pl one, died before ineeliiMil assiftaiici- roiilel arrive. 'I'lint the mmil)er of weimidcd nmengthc .Nmerieans till short nf ours, 1 cnn hardly believe- : for their ile-nte orde r ex|insrd Ibcm Icr ribly ; and our fire, though more brokiiillinii theirs, wns mil less de-liberiiti- ; lint bi-ing ve-ry superior in numlHrs, Ihey eloublles-. renieive il all that ap|M-nreil enpnbic of rr movnl when llnv ulrii'l(.il; nnd perhaps Ihcfc were Icl'l in ."iG SAHATOU^. I) 4 I it i m ■i4 I'cliiiid, only bccauHC tliey fjilcd by tlicir cries or motions to attract llio notici; oFtli^ir rcliriiij; comrades. Bo this, liowevcr, as it may, it is very certain tli:it we could tes. tify to the destiny ot' no more tlian six wounded men of our asMailants, whilst, as I have already stated, our own wounded fell not sliort of twenty-three. Nor was the proportion between the numbers killed on both sir) is very ditferent. Sev?n British, with only three Aincri- e.uis, were found dead when daylight came in; and hence, unless it be supjiosed tliat they rcniovcd their dead aNo, the loss experienced by us was, even in point of number.--, far (jrcatcr than that suB'ured by the enemy. Bat I am anticipating;. It might be about one or two o'clock in the morning when the .\niei icans retreated ; from which period, however, up to tlie return of dawn, no fresh alarm oc- iiirred. As may well be believed, that was to us a pe- riod of no common anxiety and interest. It is true that the general was no sooner made aware of our deliver- nncc than he ordered up an entire battalion, for the dou- ble purpose of sujiporting us, and more ctt'ectually co- vering tlio operations of the artificers; but even the presence of this largo force in our rear was far from rendering us satisfied with our gmsilijn, or allaying that agitation and excitement which tlie events of the earlier part of the niglii had occasioned. No man closed an eye ; whilst all watched, with an impatience the most unlKiundcd, the gradual approach of li^ht To add to our sources of grievance, the storm which had hitherto confined itself entirely to wind, broke up into passing, but tremendous showers. They were cold and cutting, driving furiously from the north, and partaking as much of tho character of hail as of rain ;and they came not un- accompanied by the usual attendants on such gusts, an occasional flash of lightning and burst of thunder. The cifect of all tliis was, it must bo confessed, extremely line — at least it would have been considered so, had it oc- curred at any other season, or under dificrent cir- cumstances ; hut wc already felt tho influence of too many causes of excitation, not to t'eel that such an addi- tion to them was far from being agreeable. True, the liglitning laid bare, from time to time, every surround- ing object. We could distinctly observe, tor example, us often as a Hash occurred, not only the chain of videttes leaning on their firelocks, but the trampled grass where the fight hail taken place, with caps, pouclics, arms, anti even bodies scaltored over it; whilst the same blazc s itisfied us for the moment, that no fresh columns were hovering near, nor fresh ambuscades tlireatening us. But tliero was an irritability about us which caused us to derive from such displays no gratification whatever ; indeed the very sound of the thunder wnji distressing, us ul! loud noises are, to men who labour under nervous agitation. In a word, the night, though marked by no fresh adventures, passed painfully and heavily away ; nn.l wc hailed the first streaks of dawn with a degree of delight, for which I am sure there was no solid founda- tijii ill the circumstancej by wliieli wc were surround- ed. CHAPTER VIII. There was no necessity on the morning of the 18th fi>r any parlicul.ir exertion of authority in order to get both the pickets and the su|>|>orting b,ittiilion under arms, 'i'lic former, indeed, from the close of the nocturnal en- counter, had nut quiited llieir ranks, merely silting down upon the ground, with their firelocks in their hands; t!ie latler, if tliey sli'pt at all, slept so lightly, that the faintest cry sulliecd to rouse tlii'ni. And it was well for II 1 that «ucli prec.iulions hid been taken. Though uii- SMCcessful ill tlielr iiijjlit attack, the Aiiierieans ap|K'ared di teririini;il initio (leniiit the conslriictioii of our bridges Vt proceel nitliciit iiilerriiplion ; for the nioriiing was yet grey luid obscure wlien a ' irge li.idy of infantry, sup. p.irli'il by a fiw cavalry, were oliserved moving towards us, Not a iiiKineiit WHS lost on nur side ill iii;ikiiig proper pri-|>aratiniis to nii eland reiH'UliedireateiieduKaek. 'I'lierii was a sninll wood or ralhiT copse iipdu tlie right, siiine- wli.it ill ailvnni'e uf our \\:\v. of sentiies, wliieli wc iniiiie- iti .lely pushed firward to iKCii|iy ; wliil-t the regiinciit ill support liaslily passed (lie sireaiii, :'.m\ tmik up llie frroMiid wlii'''; my pielicl h.iil nbandoiicil. At the sniiie ti:ili' n eoii; li of siv |«iuiiilii's were pinnled under (lie ri'liM' of a rising ground, w> ns to eiilllade any eoliiinn which nii;,'lit appro.ieh the spot ulieie the wiirkinen were slill hu y i and a eimpiiiiy of light inllintry, being thrown ill extended order forward, lay down, for tho sake of conceahiieiit, in the Imig grass. It is to l>o oliserved, thai III.' einntry i;iiinedialply in our front chiinrcd to Im par. tinjlurly r.k:n nwi ipcii. 'J'he forest, pnrlhig, na it \vere. to the right and left, gave room to a bare district, dill of hills and valleys and natural iiieiiualities, along which a tbrmidablc force of Americans was now approaching, witli the evident int.~n>Son of driving back our outposts, and breaking doi .- vne bridges already in a state of for- wardness. Every man who has fiiccd danger by night as well as by day, must be aware, how ditferent liis Sensations are on each of these occasions. Having ample light to direct us, and seeing clearly how and from what quarter we were about to be assailed, our arrangements were made and our posts assumed with perfect coolness ; and as the storm had died wholly away, and a clear but frosty at- mosphere succeeded, wo made ready in the highest spirits to give the Americans a reception. They came on, for a while, in compact and regular order, the head of their column covered by clouds of skirmishers, who pressed forward apparently in confusion, biiv with every demonstration of courage, tiU, having reached the brow of an eminence about lo: lusket shot from our position, they halted, as if irresolute whatfiirther course to pursue. From tlic height of the swell on which they stood, wc were at no loss to conjecture that they had obtained a perfect view of our dispositions; and their evident waver- ing gave testimony that tliesc were not according to their wishes. Nevcrthclcs.', it seemed as if some spirit more daring tlian the rest at last gained the ascendancy; for after a pause of several minutes, the skirmishers again pressed on, and the column began to descend. These movementa were no sooner ascertained tlian our riflemen threw tliomselvcs each behind a tree or knoll, and the light infantry, rising from tlieir places of concealment, assumed an attitude of defiance. For half a minute perhaps, or something more, all remained thus ; tilj, tho enemy arriving within |x)int blank range, our bugles sounded, and a dropjiing and desultory tiraillade began. It was kept up with considerable warmth on both sides, the enemy sometimes pressing forward, at other times retiring ; but on our p.ort no change of grovmd was eftected, for our sole object was to maintain ourselves where we were, and keep the assailants in check. As the column advanced, however, our Uglit infantry gra- dually and reluctantly fell back, till at last they fairly turned the copse, and wo riflemen were fain to withdraw, in order to cscajie capture. But we had not thus long held our post for no purpose. Of the enemy's skirmish- ers several were seen to drop, and many more to steal away like men disabled, whilst their column itself received one well-directed volley, just as it gained the leftof tlic copse, and was prepaiing to deploy. In the meanwhile the battalion in rear had formed line, and advanced so far as to render tlie escape of the skir- mishers safe and speedy. Opening to the right and left, that its front might be left clear, wc threw ourselves on either flunk ; and the enemy deploying at the same mo- ment, a close and desperate contest was anticipated. But before a musket was Bred on either side, the enemy began suddenly to waver, and all the exertions of their officers failed in preserving order in the ranks. At this moment, our guns, which had hitherto been kepi with great judgment concealed, were run to the brow of the hill, and opened with round and grape. They were admirably served ; and the first discharge striking full into the American line, the confusion, which had already begun, liecaine complete. They turned and fled, not so much as a skirmisher pausing to cover them ; and though we pursued with all haste, firing from time to liino as an iipportunity offered, they escaped with the loss of some eight or ten men killed and wounded. This was (he last eftort made to interrupt our oiwrations, or hinder nur passage of the creek ; and the remainder of tlie day was spent in cpiiel, as well ot the outposts, as in camp. In the mean wliile, the working parties, so liir from intermitting in their tasks, toiled on with increased dili- L'cnre and in greater iiuiiilH-rH. Nut one bridge, hut three, were by this nieiins completed, each capable of bearing the heaviest ordniinee wliii.h wc liad brought with us into the field ; iiiid iiii ailvanee, as the iinniediate prelude dI' a general action, was talked of, as the occur- reiiieof the morrow. Being ri lieved I'roiii the danq-erniis and toilsome iliity of (lutjiost, the Htli was spent liy nie, partly, in the re- fresliineiit of a soiiiid sleep, iinil partly in rxaniiiiing the nature of the position oceiipiril hy mir iinny. It was a range of lii'ii;lils, which advam-e'l on the left till it became priiiillel with the course of the; Hudson and gnuhially shelved away towards the right, where it ended in n valley. Short ns our sojourn here had lireii, (ieneral Biirgiiyne ap|H'iired to have liestowed much labour on its forlifie.ition; liir (hen- were breo-stworks here and there, a redoubt in the centre, and a battery covered hy a ditch to enfilade tlic whole. Besides tJiis, he had constructed several forts, in which his stores of provision and other necessaries were laid up, and the butteaux and vcsstit were all moored under cover of our guns, close to the extreme left of the line. To say the trutli, the ground appeared to be chosen with some judgment, as well u strengtlicned witli considerable skill, tliough it may admit of a (jucstion whether both the judgment and skill ex. hibited would not have been greater, had no pause, be. yond that of a fow hours, liocn made here. Nothing befell during the night, cither to tlie army al large or to myself in particiUar, wortliy of being repeated. The Americans, as if satisfied with tlie results of tlieit former attempts, did not molest us; and my private meditr ions received no interruption from any rencwod applr ions on the part of Fraser, or our cliiet^ But on the morrow affairs assumed a widely different aspect. An hour before sunrise tlie whole army formed in three columns of march, each fronting one of the bridges which had been constructed for it ; and as soon as there was light enough to distinguish objects at the distance ot' a mile, the long expected and long wislicd for movement began. As this wa* certainly one of the most memorable stcju taken during tho whole campaign, and may be said witli perfect trutli to have decided our fate, it may not be amiss, if 1 lay before you a minute and particular account of it. Haying already described the nature of the position occupied by the British army previous to its advance, il is not necessary tliat I should say more than has been said on that subject. With resjicct to the enemy, again, they had withdrawn from Saratoga several weeks belbre , and having established themselves at Stillwater, about half way Ixitwcen the former place and -Mbany, it was expected that they would there abide an encounter. Wo were tlio more confirmed in this notion, as several de. serters came in with intelligence, iliat General Gates was busily eng-ged in tlic erection of works ; that he had recalled Arnold from Fort Stanwix, whither on tlic alarm of Colonel St. Leger's successes he had hastened; and that all the militiamen who could bo prevailed on to bear arms, were moved into the camp, and there enrolled in battalions. It is hardly necessary to add, that the sit« of our own caini), which we quitted on tlie IDth, was not many leagues distant from thut of General Gates. We calculated, indeed, on reaching the vicinity of the latter an hour or two belbre sunset, provided no attempts were made to harass or interrupt us by the way; and wo looked forward to the 20th, as to the day which should decide the fate of New England, as well as of tho brave army which was now invading it. With rcs|icct to the general bearings of tlic country which divided one corps from the other, almost enough has been stated to convey to yonr minds a tolerably m. curate conception. For a mile or two beyond the stream, little or no wood intervened : but tliero were several valleys, hemmed in on each side by hills ; and one which, from its peculiar roughness, ns well as the rugged na. ture of its banks, deserves to be styled a ravine. Across that, it wiw necessary for our troops to move; and as il chanced to be pretty extensive, stretching on one side almost to the river, whilst on the other it pushed into the woods, a good deal of caution seemed necessary, in ordsr to avoid being arrested there. I have snid that the army • formed this morning in three distinct columns of mnreli: tlie following is tlic order which tliese assumed, and the routes which they followed. On the left of the whole, were arranged tho brigade ot General Reidesdel, with the entire park of nrtillery umlcr the command of iMajor-generul rhili|w. 'J'his column pursued the main road, which wound through tlio niea. dows parallel with the Hudson, i.nd was covered in its progress by a detachment of yagers, led on by a gulh,iit Hessian called Reinbach. 'j'lic right column, again, consisteil of BrigudiiT-generul Fraser's corps, sustained by Colonel Breynian'n tJermans, which made a circnit so ns to pass the ravine without plunging into it, and allerwnrds to protect the advance of the centre or inniii body. Its front niicl ll.inkH were covered by the mnrhr- UK n, by llie Caiiailiiin eoinpnnies, and the Indians ; \\h.\ slruek (ilf towards tlie woods, ns most convenient tor their particular stile of tightinir. Ilelwccn these ilr. ladled corps iiioveil the main body, under the iminediilr orders of General Iturgoyne. It was direelcil to udvaiief straight In tlii' front ; to tiescend one side of tho glen . lul mount the other, without imuking ; and lo form on t » llirllier height, where it might wait in comparative snictj till the detached cor|« should liavo made good their pus- sage, and resumed their communications. Finally, one regiment, the ITlli, was loft la liind, partly oa a reserve _nd . ^ropeil %onio 1 > Bciil tend ' tnioven \vhcn I tioiis si moved I vie bcJ termini march f liscove Vm. lurgoV lis advl e SARATOGA. f)? s, he had constructed it' provision and otiici butteaux and vessels our gnns, close to the the trutti, the ground judgment, as well aj I, tliough it may admit dgment and skill ct. ur, had no pause, bo. lie here. either to tlie army at rtliy of being repeated. Ii tlic results of tliclr us; ond my private on from any rencwud or our chief. But on idely different aspect. army formed in three 7 one of the bridges ; and as soon as there jects at the distance of vt'islicd for movement moat memorable stc'iu and ma^ be said with ;r fate, it may not be and particular account laturo of the position rious to its advance, il J more than has been ;t tu the enemy, agniu, \ several weeks belbrr, a at Stillwater, about ravine previous to our arrival at the [ height which we were directed to occupy ; and the Ibrmer, [ not ex|H'cting a second eoUimii to debouch from woods I which they had regarded as iin|)ervioUM, were preparing Ito assuult what tlicy considered the cxtremo right of the (Briti-ih line. As yi't little else than nn cxcluinge of cannon shots had Ipasseii lietwcen tho hostile armies, when the lie.id ot'our Icolunm slKiwiiiy; itseirupon llic hill, the eiirniy instantly [hahi'd, 'lid llie tiring ceased. For a nioment, and only fur a nuiiiiciit, all things remained quiet; but the .Vine. { rieaiis, suddenly facing iiboul, began to rouiiteriimreli j nnd ill Ion t'lun a quarter of iiii hour were lost to our I view. Tliey fell luii'.!, luiwiiver, iint like iiieii ImuI on a I precipitate retreat, nnr yet witii the wavering Ktepwliieli I usually cliaraetorines the manajuvies of geiieriils doub' I fid wliiit cour.ni to pursue, but promptly, briskly, and i nilmiralilo order, giving us the bcjt ground for supposing that their plalis, insteiul of being deranged, weiu merely I altered. Whoever ontertainod such ideas at the ninment, I was certainty not mialaUcn in the ground on which ho ! formed tlieni ; fur in as sliort a time as tho stale of the [cue would |irrmit, we reeoived evidence enough, tliat a new arrangement of attack had been made, nnd was al- ready in process of being pursued. Our troops had all come up, and were in full posses, sion of the hill, when there arose suddenly from the ex- treme left a fircof musketry, which ccnlmued m volleys, like the rolling of drums, tor several iniuules. How or where this was going on, it was iinposfihlc torus to say ; for though our imsition was a coniiiuinding one, not only the natural inequalities of the ground, but a good deal ot wood scottered here nnd there, hindered us from seeing farther towards the left, than the post occupied by the centre column. It npix.-ared, however, that even this at- tack, fierce as it must have doubtless been, was not that on which the enemy mainly depended for success. Be- fore wc could well arrange our thoughts, far less re|ily to tlie questions which each eagerly put to the other, a fresh operation developed it-elf, and tlie main body be- came warmly, and, as it struck us, very unequally en- gaged, at a moment when such an event was least ex- pected. A corps of sonic four or five thousand men, led on as wc afterwards heard by Gcn'rul Arnold, suddenly pushed against the left of Burgoyne's division ; and a contest began as warm and as well contested ns it has ever been my fortune to witness, either as an actor or spectator. t. • • i To oppose this tremendous assault, only three British battalions, and these extremely weak, could be brought So well had the enemy arranged matters, that tor up. — — ., nearly four hours our left could bring no assistance to the centre, nor even one flank of the centre support the other ; whilst we upon the right had received orders so decisive on no account whatever to give up the high ground, that Fraser, though as enterprising nn officer as any in the service, felt himself perfectly paralysed. We were ac- cordingly condemned to stand (lassivc spectators of an alfair, in which nothing short of the most determined courage, as well as a state of discipline the most com- mendable, could have saved a whole brigndo from utter annihilation. As I am speaking to men who have them- selves served, nnd know how laudably jealous regiments arc of their renown, it would be unjust in me to conceal the numbers of the corps which on that day covered themselves with glory. They were the 20th, the 21st, and tho 62d, who, from three o'clock in the afternoon till seven in the evening, remained unbroken under a fire which left not one fourth of tlicir originally inadequate numlMirs fit to do duty. Whilst this was going on. General Fraser, whose im- patience was sufBcicntly manifested by his look and ges- tures, despatched aidc-dc-eainp after aide-de-camp to Ge- neral Burgoyne, requesting permission to move from his vantage ground, should it be only for a time. Whot be- came of these messengers it is not for mc to surmise ; but as I happened to be near the general during the greater part of the day, \ can testify thot not one return- ed, — a contingency which failed not to incrccse, to a de- gree boyond all endurance, the anxiety under which tliiit gallant fellow had previously laboured. At last, despair- ing of receiving instructions, he determined to act tor himself. Leaving a body of German grenadiers to de- fend the hill, he gave the word for the rest of the brigade to advance, and in two seconds wc were in full march, upon the flank of the American column of attack. It was a splendid spectacle to behold the cool and sol- dier-like manner in which General Arnold disposed him- self to keep in check this bold advance. Wheeling up a couple of his rearmost battalions, he caused several hun- dred rilleincn to extend across the o|>on country, and then urged them tbrward to meet the Marksmen and Ca. nailiaiis,.who covered the approach of Frascr's column. .No great while elapsed ore we were engngcd. The ene- my, however, knew their ground ; they were well drilled, admirable shots, and by no means delieient in bravery ; and hence, though bravely attacked by men not more ignor.int t! .n themselves in tho art of Bklrmishing, thi'y would not be driven in. Even the advance of Brey man's eorps ill solid cciluiiin hardly succeeded in moving tlicm; nnr is it easy to .'iay what result %iiglit have ensued, hud net other aici Ih'oii at li;ind. But nt thi.s critical juncture a fresh force came up from a quarter where we scarcely expected it ; and the victory, which for so many lioiirs had hung doiibtfiil, finally inclined to tlie side of the fiii tish arms. 1 have said that tho enemy, on observing the arrival of Fiaser's corps on the high ground at tho right of the ra- vine^Buddenly sus|)ended the attack which they had at first directed against our centre, and turned a heavy co- liiiiin, supported by a couple of light gnns, towards our let). This soon fidl in with General Ucidesdel's hrigad with which it rxchnngcd several close and well-directed vnlloyB ; but, oontonting himself with alarmin)^ lhe.«e troops, the ofiicer in cenininnd cf the .^mericyis imme- diately withdrew ngnin, and united himsiU' with the eorps which General Arnold won preparing to lend «{;ain^t the regiments above spcdfied.. Scmio light troops were, however, left, if not suftieicnt to hold the wood, at all events capable of embarrassing the inovenierts of a co- lumn incumbered rather than assisted, in a eluse country, by the presence of a numerous artilUry ; and these eoii- frivcd, by dint of repeated dcmons-trations, to inipoye lor some time upon (icnerul Reidiscld, so us to hinder him from detaching any norlion of his loree to the ussistnucc of Burgoyne. Gtiural Pliiliiis, however, who ncecnipa- nicd Reidcsdcl, and took charge, in n peeuliur ninniier, of the park, was not slow in seeing through the veil which sufficed to blind the eyes of his brother otlicer. As the sound of firing increased on his right, he became more and more convinced, that to their column no serious injury was intended; and he at length prevailed upon General Reidesdel to sanction a movement with four guns and a battalion towards the scene of action. Driving in the American riflemen, GencrnI Philips succeeded, by dint of extraordinary perseverance, in making his way tlirough the wood. He arrived just as the 20tb, al\er behaving with a degree of gnllnntry ul- moet unprecedented, had begun to give way, nnd the ene- my were pushing tbrward to occupy a point, from w.iieli they might have enfiladed the other battalions, alrcnelled to give way ; and fresh troops joining the 20tli nlrendy ndvnneiiig to the charge, the rout became comiilefe. Nor was the case different on our side. The riflemen, iiereeiving that their comrades were in full retreat, fell back with precipitation on tlieir supiHirf, which in its return retired uixin the co- lumn from which it lind been drawn, and that k-ing ex- |x>sed to a sweeping fire from Philips's gnns, soon lost its order and fled. Yet were our people loo nineli worn down by past exertions, and too much enfeebled, many of them, by wounds, not less thnn fatigue, to fake full advontage of the panic. The closing in of night, like- wise, was favourable to the Americans, who, to do them justice, fought bravely nnd stcndily to the last. Their flight, for such, at first, it certainly was, s|iecdily assuiiied the aspect of nn orderly retreat ; und they quitted, rather than fled from, a well-contested field. CHAPTER IX. Though successful at every point, nnd perfectly aware that they were so, il can hardly be said that their pre- sent victory produced any very remarkable efl'cct upon the spirits ot the British troops. It was a new feature in the war for the Americans to become the ussailanti, and their armies to meet ours in the ogicn field, rivals lor glory ; nor was there a man amongst us who ap- peared not perfectly to feel that such a step would not have been taken, were not their nunibeis iniich more formidable than our most liberal cal<'ulnti(>ns led us to expect. Again, though undeniably Ibilcd in all their eftorts, the colonists had fought like men who possessed confidence in themselves. There was no longer that deference for discipline, which in the earlier campnigns distinguished them ; loading them to regard themselves as totally in- adequate to meet a regular force, c.\cept under cover of an inclosed country, or in the rear of intrenclimenta. On the contrary, tlieir militia, vying with the continen- tal , had loft beliind them all the shelter which the wood- binds might have I'urnished ; and inarching boldly up to tlic teeth both of English and (•erman grenndiers, en- gaged tliein niU7.7.1e to niuz7.1e, and oeeasiomiUy hand to' hand. These fact.t tended to prove, that the moral su- |ieriority wliieli wc had hitherto been necustonied to evince, was no more, — and hence fh.it our future suc- cesses must arise out of the superior skill of our leaders, not less than from tho trained valour of our inferior offi- cers and men.' But il was not on these accounts alone, influential as they doubtless were, that most of us felt disposed to re. gnrd the late affair in the light rather of a inisadven. lure than a victory. Our loss in killed and wounded wa« tremendous. Upwords of five hundred men, in- cluding some of tho most promising officers in the nriny. ..II- f ■ 58 SARATOGA. ij^ " 1 4 ■- ! i. i- '.4 };■ I- y ■? ^ i: •! !■ had fallen ; and that, too, to purchase nothing more than a httic empty honour. Ainong tlie niunbcr of the slain was poor Jones, tlic destined husband of Miss Macrca. Tliough he never lield up his head from the moment when his mistress's murder was commmiicated to him, and dcelincd all inlcrcourBc even with the most beloved of his former friends, Jones was too much of a soldier, not to spea k of him in the light of a man of honour, ever to neglect his duty because of the pressure of (jrivato grief. Wherever his post might be, there he was sure to be found ; and to the last he remained, in licart and aSeetions, as warmly devoted as ever to tlie cause which he had csjioused. It was, indeed, abim- dantly evident, that to him life (assessed no fartlicr at- tractions. Unless unavoidably hindered by other mat- ters, he took part in every skirmish, exposing himself with the greatest deliberation to the enemy's fire ; and to-day ho met the fate which no man could doubt tliat he had long cov( l<;d. He fell covered with wounds when ilefending the guns of which he was in charge, and was found lying beside two Americans, both of whom, in all probability, perished by his hand. As soon as the firing had totally ceased, and it was ascertained that the enemy had withdrawn, orders were issued for the concentration of our divisions on the field ot bnitle ; and tlie whole army made ready to hivouaek on tiie rrest of the hill which had been so long contest- c^cL Whilst this was going on, parlies went abroad in all directions, to collect such of tlic wounded as hud not been removed during the fray ; and the return of these with their melancholy burdens, presented a sjiectacle upon which no man could look with indilfcrencc. As they passed between the fires, which already blazed through the line, it '.Vas piteous to behold the drooping heads and iv^'.vcriess limbs of men who but a few hours before had been our liveliest and most esteemed compan- ions; whilst their slirieks and groans smote fearfully iijion tlio ear, as often as some false step on the part of their bearers caused their wounds to open afresh. Among the Number of those thus conveyed to the rear, there was one with whom in the course of service I had bccoineint'imatrly acquainted. It so happened, that tlie party in charge of him passed the very spot on which, worn out with the cccrlions «f the day, I liad lain down to sleep; and tlie sound of his voice, even in the utter- ance of a coinpltiinti being reeogmsed, I immediately fose to ascertain wliethcr imaginatiaa might not have deceived rac. It had not The mutilated creature thus borne past me, was tlie same with wlkoni I had s|>ent many cheerful hours both by night and day ; and com- passion for his suBl'Rings getting the tetter of personal Janguor, I deicrnNiicd to deprive myself of rest, in order that I might nurse and attcsd upon him. It has been already stated, that when tlie present ex- pedition was first determined upon, such were tlie no- lions entertained relative to its facility of arcomplisli- ment, that the wives of »CTe*al officers, some of tliem incumbered l>j' their children, resolved to follow our for- tunes. For a time these ladies travelled in rear of the columosv bcinji; cnnreycd in covered calashes, and tole- rably well aftendi'il toi a-od whenever the columns lialt- <.cl, they joined Iheir husbands in .caiun, and becamr in mates of tents. But as the season advanced, and the diflficulties of the army began to iiii'ltiply, tliey lu-pt lie- liind the encampment altogether, aud dwelt in huts con- structed out of logs, somewhot after the fasliion of block houses. By the pajisage of the HudHon tlicy were compelled to abandon even their block-houses, and once more share the fate of those most dear to them; and now they ha«l taken refuge jn certain farm houses, scat- tered ill the rear of our lijicss, fro;u wliicli they l)ocauie spectators of the bloody contest of which I have just grv'en an account It was towards one of these houses that I followed my wounded friend. On entay dawned in due time, and a speclaelo was pre seiilpll tons, ol' which no man, who has not looked upon the site of a lately (ought biittle, can (()rm any eoncep lion. As far as thu lyo could reach, the open fields wera tliDWed with brukcn arm; hats, caps, |iuuclics, bayonets, balls, und pieces of clothing ; whilst hero luy a tumbril or ammunition wagon di.cratiun of the contest, that in some places the foot of one foe. man touched the very head of another. But the nio.Ht remarkable objects in this horriel panorama, were seve- ral American marksmen, who hung Ufeless among the branches of trees.* These pefsHUs, who btMl motHit«i4 for the purpose of securing a good aim, and had done considerable execution, wounding among others an aide- de-camp of General Phili(is whilst in the act of convers- ing with Uurgoync, soon drew< towards themselves a full share of our riflemen's atten(ioI^. As they furnished admirable marks, and our men were not ignorant liuw to strike them, very few escaped ; aad there they stij) hung, having Been caught by the boughs, among whicli they waved to and fro like the rocking cradles in use among the Indians. It was tJeneral Burgoyne's fijst btisinoss to order out working parties, by whom the dead were collected tn. gether, and buried, without distinction of nations, in pits dug to receive them ; after which the troops were directed to cat their morning meal preparatory to a freslt movement. The latter occupation being completed, our columns pushed forward, taking a direction rather more to the leli ; and again halted, a little before noon, within cannon shot of the enemy's lines. Now, then, for tli» first time since the opening of the campaign, con l\m hostile armies be said to have come in presence of one another; and as our positions were somewhat slrikini^, it may not be amiss if I endeaveaf to give you a tolera- bly faithfnl description of them. The Amerieans, who were now andcrstood to be com- manded by General Gates, under whom were Arnold us second, and Sebright as third in command, had strongly intrenched themselves at a place called Stillwater, dis- tant about twclre miles from the Mohawk, and doubk' that space from Albany. Tfteir right, which rested upon the main road, as that did upon the Hudson, was ren- dered perfectly secure by the presence of a strong re- doubt, which would have required a scries of regular approaches to reduce it; whilst tlieir left, besides bein^r covered by close woods, was protected by Bumereii.? abatis, several breastworks, and a battery for heavy cannon. Along the centre ran a line of field intrcncli- men(s, fleches, breastworks, and ratlims, all of them fo ' placed as to be flanked by the fire from the redoubt, (it exposed to a cross fire from each other; whilst o^er the front of the whole was scattered just so much of thiukcl as to screen the lines themselves from minute ins|M'c- lion, at the same time that it furnished no adequate shelter to an assailing force. Of the numbers of troo{i!i encamped within these lines, it was not easy to form any correct estimate. By some they were rated nl twenty thousand, by others at little more than tea thousand men; whilst the truth, as is usual in most cases, probably lay between. But whatever (heir nnm- bers might be, of one fact we had abundant evidence, that not an hour passed by without bringing in to thiai some reinforcement. The truth is, that nothing eonlii exceed the spirit of determined resistance whicli seeniiil to animate the Inhabitants of Now Kngland. So fur from receiving us, as we had expected to bo reeeivril, with open arms, they turned out to a man to op|io,se u»; insomuch that (■'eiicral (iates lilnisolf was in (ho «iiiiiii'i!', Inn wilhniil Itii'lr iistml i>iiir(''>N in Mi' iiHi' ol' ilnii v\-(-a|inn. At leiiL'tli iiluht pnl nn enil in ilir (>l(ll^illll <'i lilood. 'I'lie IJrltit.li l»i.t ii|n\nr(tsnt','UKI nii'ii, iiirlinliiifi llteii l^ili'tl. wiMitidril, an,l iiriiinliiTti 't'tie Alncrklilts, iiii'llmive nl' Itle niit> iii(!, Icin :il!l. 'I hirly ^i\ mit ol' liiiiy eiuhl llrllii.|i nintriiKKiK '»"' ilinr.s (n n train nf iirtiMiry wlin nwUt In l(unlliiu) witk Itiljcii "i wniinidMl. '('lie l>.>il llrili^'il ri.t[linrllt, wMlrh \\ uh Mm ^irnnti wtini it Icl'l ('iiliailn, ^^ ;ii n-itiH'fi( li> tiiKly nieii, anil I'mir (T live i llin'i- 'I'lliM liiiri! rmiiilil l<:ittli>ili'i'li(i>ii nnliilne, anil litlli' ilri'llian liniioiii \vii.« tiiiiiiPfl hv riiluT nrniy; htil nrviTtdrli'sn it wn-- I'oltnwrrl I" irniiiirtani rnnrn'ruifiir..,. ; nl IIicM', mm wnn tlie idininiilinn ol ilir r-ont and a!arriiy nt ihi Inilians in Ilia IliiUth aunv."— U- Coun Vade the I even taen in th it lig band com 1 1 betw bent eitlie groin Slid t r -r Surge Ihousi rlsons places . wi're f ,ally di came i of the ,not, -that, I .(heir I riors "J Bcarcel .:j(Provii :#heir SAUATOGA. 59 ling ; whilst licrc luy diimountod from its cd nnd upect, as it' tu n cvciy direction tlio dvcp track!) ofwIiccU ; and at frequent in- icd,aB if quantities ot n it. Ifer wore other I of yesterday's drama IS in heaps; English, orses, niinjKlpd indis- d been the dcsjicratiun Bs the foot of one foe. olher. But the most panorania, were sovo- ig lifeless a'niong the ns, who bwl inoiHit«i< od aim, and had done anionK others an aidc- >. in the aclof convors- towards tlieniselvcs s om. As they furnished ere not ignorant liow ; aad there tlicy stll) boughs, among which ■celling cradles in use i business to order out ;ad were collected to- inction of nations, in irhich the troops wcro I preparatory to a frcslj n being completed, our I direction rather more ttle before noon, within IS. Now, then, for tli» the campaign, can lli» imc in presence of one re somewhat otrikinf, a to give you a tolera- miiicrstood to be com- wliom wi-ro Arnold as command, had strongly c called Stillwater, dis- ^e Mohawk, and double ;ht, which rested upon the Hudson, was ren- ^sencc of a strong re- ed a scries of rcguliir licir left, besides boiiiK jlected by nuniennu a bntlory for heavy tine of field intrench. r«(/«ns, all of them fo * from the redoubt, tit jlherj whilst over the ust BO much of thicket from minute ins|HC- ...nishcd no adequate the numbers of troops as not easy to form they wcro rated at itllo inoro than ten as is usual in most whalovor their num- d aliundiint evidcnee, bringing in to them is, that nothing conW ihtunco which seoninl cw England. So liir icted to bo reccivid, o a man to op|iose u>; isnlf was in the oi"l iltitudes of voluntei r^ is very true that « -iinii Ilcvniuiiiin snjF— liiselvev in liiiili irei'n, :iii'l Tt'R unll'orin, Innk iMin '* Iw lirlinni* hlive Immmi ilm 1 ilclVure; llie llrlli^ll " IllM'lr iisiiut 8lirei>H i" H" I nil I'nil III the I'll'iii-li'ii "I in, iniiiiiliiiB lliHi M\<*. Im, iiirlnnive of llie iiii>' lit Uriiiuli iiiiii'iiM'i" '»"' li liiiiilliiii) wiri! killnl "< Tllih wuhMKI t.|riiii)f «li™ mill I'liiir cr live i ll'mi- Inil lllllrrli-ellmii In " leli'nii it Kw- folliiwi'il I" < till' itlniintiiiiin ol ilu llikh siiiiy. " — Ki(. "counlless i)roportion of these men knew nothing of pa- IVade movomciils; they were undrillnd, unaccustomed to 'the duties of a soldier's life, and some of them destitute kvon of weaiions ; but they were, with few exceptions, •ineu of robust frames and brave heurU, and of their skill in the use of lire-arms we had seen enough not to treat it lightly. At the head of this bold though undisciplined band, the American ijeneral took post at a point which compleloly cut ulV ail communication by the great road between Saratoga and Albany; and it became incuin- boiit uimii us, if we hoped to reach the former place, •ithor to drive him by force from his advantageous around, or by dexterity of manoeuvre to turn him there, And to render his position untenable. T To execute one or other of these designs, General Aurgoyno had under his orders little more than four Jliousand men. What with losses in the field, the gar- ^tisons left behind at the difterent forts and landing- "placos, and the escorts required to guard such stores as .were from time to time forwarded, our army had gradu- ally diminished, till now it certainly did not exceed, if it 'came up to, the number just specified. But the worst of the matter was, that even this trifling force could ,not, in all its parts, bo depended upon. I have said, Ihat, from the hour when our rapid advance ceased and 'their hopes of plunder received a blight, the Indian war- riors began gradually to quit us. There remained now scarcely one hundred Rod men in tlie camp ; and the rrovincials and Canadians soon began to follow tlioir example, deserting by whole sections every night. When • we crossed the Hudson, we carried with us something jiiioro than four hundred of these auxiliaries;— on the .'morning of the J'.Uh, barely two hundred were with • their colours; and before sunset on the 31st, scarcely Ifitly men could be found in a fit state to do duty. Ajl 'Hhis was bad enough, — bad, as it caused a serious dinii- 'Siution to our actual strength, and doubly Imd, as it af- •Sccted our morale, by diminishing the confidence of true ^len. Yet was the army in general far from despairing ;To( success. What alone it seemed to desire, was to be .fled at once against the enemy; and perhaps it is not •tgoing too far to affirm, that had that plan boon adopted ^n proiHsr time, it might have boon productive of sue- 'xess. > By what principle General Burgoyno's proceedings llr-wcre regulated, it is not for me to say. Unwilling to ^ retreat, yet not daring to advance, he adopted that mid- dle course which in perilous circumstances never fails tu prove a b.id one; and having pushed his columns f within gun shot'of his enemy, bo unfortunately halted. ' This was done upon a piece of ground certainly very > favourable, as far as any halting ground could bo pro- nounced favourable in our circumstances; and the gene- ral lost no time in adding to the natural stroiigtii of his position, by throwing up such v/orks as time and his means would allow. The main body ciicampedjn aline -r. almost parallel to that of the Americans, u|>on a range :it' of liills called BrnMnus's Heights, extending their loft so it far as to command the road and protect the battoaux; .; whilst on cartuiii low grounds or meadows which lay ' helween the river and tho hill, the 47tli British, the re- y^iiiicnl of Hesse Hanaii, anj tho few Provincials who Y still adhered to U'*, took post. As our right was dccid I cilly the weakest (loiiit in the line, upon it tho greatest Jic.ire was bestowed liy the engineers. Hero a redoubt, t supported by breastworks and b.itterics, was erected, the care of guarding which was entrusted to a Crerinan bri -gndo ; whilkt along the centre, and towards tho loll, we jcDnleiilcd ourselves with throwing up a long mud wall, siilhcicntiv thick to shelter tlin men against musketry, but hardly competent to resist tho violcnco even ot grape. Finally, a chain of outposts was pushed forward, nlmut a quarter of a mile in front of the whole, which, Iwiniling round in a rearward direction, secured tho [right Hank, and abundantly protected the linos from Iniiig turned. I am sure that I s|ieak the sentiments ol lie whole army, when I ufiiriu, that no man rejoiced in ho apjiearanee of security which those inlrnuchments created. We did not desire to act on tho dnlimsivo; we wcro satisfied that to act thus was to throw away our only chance of success; and hence the orcclion of works pave us no satisfaction whatever, inasmucli as it por- tended any thing rather than a bold and immediate advance. In the construction of these fortifications scvcril Idiys were spent, during which fbw adventures befell |wiirthy of rcjiclition. On the aist, indeed, a ruiiiDiir Eol abroad, that a messenger from Sir Henry Clinton Biad arrived, and that ho brought inlelligenro of the piipp.irations which thai olHcer was making lo march in force to our relief. On more minute enquiry. I found that the rumour was well founded. '1 ho man had suc- ceeded, by dint of caution, in passmg the American lines, taking care to conceal himself m tho woods by day, and to travel only by night; and he brought with him a communication in cypher, indicating that tort Montgomery, on the Hudson, would certainly be at- tacked on tho 23d at latest. This was, indeed, a cheer- ing piece of news, to which General Burgoyne failed not to reply, sending back tho same person with a cor- rect statement of his own plight, and strongly urging tho necessity of an immediate diversion ; and at the same time two officers were despatched with verbal communications to tho same eftect, and an assurance that he would certainly wait the issue, if he should find it practicable so to do, till the laHi of October. These, as well as many others, each of which took a separate route, fell, one after another, into the hands of the enemy ; but of that fact wo knew nothing at the time, and therefore I am only anticipating the events of my story. ;t CHAPTER X. It is not necessary to give any minute detail of the manner in which our time was s|)ent from the 20th ot SeptcmlKr, when first wc assumed our present position, up to the 7Ui of October. Let it suffice to state, that whilst the ordinary routine of duty went on, whilst pickets were maintained, working parties sent forth, and parades duly attended to, every day brought stronger and stronger proof that our situation was far from being a desirable one. In the first place, the weather, which had been heretofore tolerably serene, broke ; and heavy rains, suc- ceeded by sharp and cutting frosts, were our daily and nightly jxirtion. In the next place, desertions became every hour more and more numerous ; even the British soldiers themselves being infected by the criminal incli- nation, and in too many instances yielding to it. Then, again, sickness was not wanting ; agues, and intermit- tent fevers, began to make ravages in the ranks: whilst the scanty stock of provisions which we had brought across the Hudson melted daily away. To such a de- gree, indeed, were the stores diminished, that on the 3d, the general found it necessary to reduce the men's allow- ance; and we were thcnccfortli compelled to subsist upon two thirds, occasionally upon no more than one half, of the customary ration. Even with this, however, our misfortunes ended not. A thousand terrible rumors came in to distress us; and unfortunately, these proved, in very many instances, to be well founded. The Ainericans,emboldened by our lengthened inactivi- ty, suddenly began to turn the tables, and to assume the otfcnsivc in a manner to us the most alarming. They did not, indeed, sally from their lines to attack us in front, but they did what was infinitely more galling ; they harassed our convoys, and threatened our commu- nications. Not a morsel of food, nor a barrel of jiowder could now bo brought from the rear, except by dint of hard lighting on the part of the escorts ; and of these not a few wore cut off entirely, being waylaid and attack- ed by a force ogainst which they could ofllcr no adequate resistance. In the mean while, our very depots, them- selves became exiiosed to insult, and our strongest forts were threatened. Passing several large delaehinents across the Hudson, they attacked, almost at the same moment, the landing-place at I/ake (ieorgc. Mount Inde- pendence, Fort Edward, and Fort Anne ; and so little had these attacks been anticipiitod, that several of them proved successful. By this means:', our depots, a large quantity of boats, many horses, oxen, and carriages, with some hundred men, fell into tho enemy's hands ; and we saw ourselves comi>leteIy surrounded in a desert country, through which a way could bo made, either to the front or rear, only by the sword. Notwithstanding these numerous reverses, and the privations to whicTi they gave birth, both the general and his troops continued to wait the issue of events with a degree of patience altogether exemplary. The men per- formed their ordinary duties, if not with alacrity, at all events without complaining; and not a murmur was heard except when the conversation liap(X!ncd lo turn on the probable consequences of these indecisive measures. Among the officers of rank, however, a great deal of anxiety Ix-gan to show itself. They met together fre- quently for the purposes of doliheratioii, some of them making no secret of their dissntisfaetion ; but the same unsteady course was pursued nrvertlieless, and the same policy persevered in. At last it became apparent to .'ve- ry one, that r.nniething decisive iiiil."it be alteniptod before long. Our slixk of provisions, which had nsver been very abundant, was now almost exhausted, and whence to ri' I ive a supply, no one could tell ; whilst the latest hour at which we promised to abide Sir Henry Clinton's movements, was at hand. It was accordingly surmised, that a retreat, or an advance, would be attemplcd imme- diately, and every hour gave to tlie supposition an in- creased degree of plausibility. It might bo about noon on the 7th of October, when the light troops, together with General Reidesdel's bri- gade, and a part ol that of General Phili|)s, received or- ders to form, and march to the right of the camp. The force thus put in motion amounted to barely fifteen hun- dred mt^n, so cruelly were our numbers diminished by deaths and desertion; but upon what service it was about lo be employed, none except the generals in chief seemed to lie aware. 'I'liat Burgoyne would risk an assault witli a corps so inadequate, could not for a moment be ima- gined; yet the rest of the army was left within the lines, strict injunctions having been given that they should not quit their ground, unless expressly commanded to do so. I am awurc that General Burgoyne in his public des- patches has represented tliis niananivre as one of recon- noissance merely. He was -Jcsirous, as he himself stales, to ascertain wliether the enemy's left could be turned, at the same time that he sufficiently guarded against any attack upon his own position ; and it is but fair to believe that the account of the matter which he lias given, is correct. But whetli' r it bo so or not, of one thing I am quite certain, that we had scarcely cleared our intrcnch- ments, when we assumed a regular order of battle. Whilst Philips and Iteidesdel, each at the head of a sepa- rate column, threatened the centre and left of the Amer- con lines, our brigade pushed off for the wood, with the design of penetrating, should it In; found practicable, into their rear, and alarming tliem fur their communica- tions. Wc liad proceeded some way, witlioiit meeting an ene- my, or suffi'ring fartlicr inconvenience than the natural inequalities of the ground presented, when our attention was forcibly drawn to tlie fate of our comrades by a heavy firing of muskets on the left. At first it was loose and irregular, as if the advanced parties had fallen in with the enemy's pickets, and were engaging them ; but it became every moment more and more serious, till at lost it incrca.scd into a roar. By and by the same sounds were distinctly heard issuing from other quarters of the field, accompanied by repeated and quick discharge of ar- tillery, till at last not a doubt could be harboured that the whole army was sharply engaged, not as assailants, but as defenders. Our commanding officer instantly called o halt. To have co: tinned his progress at a mo- ment when the lines were threatened, woiJd have been to expose himself to destruction, witliout causing any ad. vantage to other divisions ; so he determined to take ground to the left, — that he might at least ascertain how aft'airs were going, before he completely and irrctricva- bly committed himself and his party. A rapid march of half an hour's continuance brought lis to a point, from which we could obtain a correct view of the condition in which aft'airs stood. At the extreme letV of our works was a battalion of grenadiers, at tho head of which was JIajor Ackluiid, upon which a fierce attack was made by a strong body of Continentals. By and by, a second corps of Americans threw itself against the Germans, who counnunicated between the grenadiers and the left of the line ; wliilst almost at the samo time the line itself was not only assailed in front, but tlireat. encd by a moving column on its Bank. To check the progress of that column, tlie marksmen, with tlic light infantry that accompanied them, moved forward, and tho 24tli regiment coining up soon after, a fierce contest be- gan. Of the changes of ground which now took place, it were vain to attempt any accurate or minute account. All that I recollect of the matter is, that after sustaining a tremendous struggle, the left of our regular line gave way,andthe light infantry were inconsequence command- ed to retreat, and to form again in a certain half cleared field en pottnce. Here wc were furiously assailed by Morgan's riflemen, one of the most distinguished regi- ments in the American service : but we held our ground stoutly, till General Eraser himself rode up, and again directed us to retire. The truth is, that the enemy hail by this time suc- ceeded in overpowering Irath the right and centre of our columns; which falling back in disorder, left an oiien space to the Americons by which to enter the intrenclicd camp. Gonernl Eraser no sooner beheld how matters were going, than quitting his own charge, he gallo|ied olT towards us, nnd joining us to the 24th regiment, which still retained its ranks, he led us briskly towards the point which was hlready all but won by tlie Americans. 60 SARATOfM. I- ;» M m ; I ■s Wc succeeded in getting there before them, and drove them baelt from tlie very base of the parapet at the bay- onet's point ; but it was at tlie expense of one of the most valuable lives in thi* army, if not in the serviee at large. General Frascr had just enjoyed the satisfaction of see- ing his skilful movement crowned with success, when a niuskct ball pierced his side, and he fell mortally wound- ed into the arms of one of the men. He was instantly carried to the rear, leaving it as his last request, that we would on no account abandon the works, but defend them whilst a man remained alive, or a single cartridge continued in our pouches. Nothing disin;iyed though universally grieved at the fall of this gallant officer, onr people continued to main- tain themselves with so much obstinacy, that the enemy were at last fain to desist, and withdrew to the disUmee of about half a mile from our front. Unhappily, how- ever, the same obstinate determination not to l)C forced, wes not shown at every point in the line. A corps of Brunswickers, at the head of which was Colonel Brey- man, being attacked in their intrenchnicnts, gave way almost at the first fne ; and though covered not only by a breastwork, but by a row of stout palisades, they aban- doned both, and Hed in extreme conl'usion. The Amer- icans were not slow in taking advantage of the panic. Desisting from farther efforts against the grenadiers, as well as against ourselves, tliey poured in great force through the opening thus made ; and the wings of our army were in consequence cut off from all communica- tion one with another. Several attempts were indeed made to recover the lost ground. Colonel Brcyman, rallying his Brunswickers, did his best to cheer them for- ward, and led them so far as to receive a well directed volley from the Americans; but that volley taking effect upon liimscU', as well as upon almost all the bravest oi' his officers, the regiment ag.iin broke, and no etforts o:' other leaders succeeded in restoring order. It was, perhaps, a fortunate matter for us, at a juncture so critical as the present, that the increasing darkness compelled the enemy to refrain from following up their advantages. S.i complete was the confusion into which most of our regiments were thrown, tliat the consequen- ces of another attack might have been fatal; for besides that we had lost many of our best men and officers, the survivors were universally ignorant not only of the late of their comrades, but, I had almost said, of their own. That the Americans had carried our works, soon lK?came generally understood ; and as no one could tell where they had pcnetr.atcd, or how fiir they had proceeded, no one rightly knew wliether to regard hi:nsclf in the light of a prisoner, or the reverse. Besides, the regiments were all broken and dispersed. Men were separated from their own officers, officers were separated from their own men ; and whether those whom he could not disco- ver in what he believed to be his proper place, were dead or alive, it was im|)ossiblc for any individual to tell. When the firing ceased, wc accordingly lay down, each man where he stood, without respect to persons; and of the fate which might await them when the morrow's sun arose, all were as ignorant, as many were perfectly indif. fcreut. Such was onr condition (I speak at present of the lit- tle corps to which I was personally attached), when a messenger arrived from General Burgoync, directing that we should change onr position, by a route which he was commissioned to |)oint out. Our people stood in- stantly to their arms, and preserving a silence the most profound, passed rapidly, but in tolerable order, to the rear. By and by, wc reached the stream, on the banks of which I had a few weeks ago sustained a skirmish; and crossing it by the bridge, wc soon found that the army was in full retreat. But the retreat was not of long continuance. Having attained the height on \vhicli our camp formerly stood, wc ascertained that there oil the rest of the brigade had assembled : and piling our arms, wc made ready to pass the night, in a frame of mind by no means such .as need tic envied. Having nothing eatable in my havrcsack, nor any thing except water with which to quench my lliirst, 1 liad thrown myself down by the side of a fire, with the design of forgetting nt once present troubles and future cares in sleep; when my kinsman young Fraser, whom, since the Americans last withdrew, I had .lot seen, sud- denly stood beside me. " You must rise," said he; " this is no time for rejiasc, and tlie general has need of you." I rose instantly, and prepared to accompany liim. Wc walked on without exchanging a syllabic, till wo arrived at the identical house, where, after tlicoction of the 19tli, my poor friend expired ; and on entering, I found that the scene which it presented on the present occasion, was not very different from that which it had presented then. .Multitudes of wounded and dyhig men crowded every apartment, through the midst of whom we made our way, till we gained a low door at the extremity of a long passage, where wc halted. The door was ajar, and Kiascr pulling me softly by the sleeve, made a motion that I should look in. I did so, and beheld standing in the centre of a small room a group of persons whom I in- stantly recognised as Generals Burgoync, Reidesdi'l, Philips, and Hamilton. A map was lying licsidc them im a table, which they appeared to examine with great anxiety ; though no one s|)okc a word for several inin- utes. Fraser again made a signal to keep quiet; it was obeyed, and by and by the following deeply interesting conversation began. " Then you persist in believing that he may yet arrive in time?" observed General Philips, resuming, as it seemed, some topic which had been already discussed. "Unquestionably," replied Burgoync; "I cannot and will not believe, that Clinton is capable of violating his promise. He knows that our very existence depends u[)on the vigour of his movenieiits ; and rely ujion it, that he will not be slow to succour us. We have nothing left tor it but to maintain ourselves where we are a lew days loncer, and trust to his exertions for tlie rest." . General Philips, though evidently chagrined, only shrugged up his shoulders, and was silent; but the Baron Rcidesdcl, tikiiig up the discourse, exclaimed in broken English: "By Gar, General Burgoync, if you go on thus, waiting and waiting, and doing noting, we shall all bo cut to pieces, and den no man will be able to save us. What for not go on, or go oft" at once ?" " (jcntlemcn, gentlemen," answered Burgoync, in manifest agit-tion, "it is all very well for you, on whose heads no responsibility rests, to talk of acting with deci- siiin, and doing this or that on the spur of the moment. In God's name, how are wc to retreat? in God's name, how can wo advance? Is not Gates liefore us witli twelve thousand men, flushed with this day's success, and receiving hourly reinforcements ? Are not the forts in our rear taken, the opposite bank of the river guard- ed, our bridffc no longer secure, and our provisions ex- pended ? Will any of you tell mo that this army, worn out with past exertions, and dispirited from defeat, is ca- pabic of acting on the offensive ? Is it conceivable that, were we to commence a retrogression this moment, we should ever reach Canada ? It is absolute madness to think of moving at all. Upon this ground must we con- quer or die ; at least wc must maintain ourselves here, till Clinton come to deliver us." TIic above was spoken with so much vehemence, that the rest of the generals saw the inutility of attempting a reply. They only looked at one another in silence ; till at last, Hamilton renewed tlie conversation by ask- ing, how it was proposed to make Sir Henry acquainted with the extreme peril of our situation. " You have despatched messenger after messenger," continued he, " not one of whom, as far as we know, has ever reached his destination. Is it wise, or proper, to follow up a system, which, without bringing benefit on the army at large, causes the destruction of so many individuals ?" " There is one resource left," replied Burgoyne, " to which, though I use it with reluctance, it has become necessary to have recourse. I do not think it will fail me ; and if my expectations prove well grounded, then are we safe." " Name it !" exclaimed the generals in a breath. " There, gentlemen, you must excuse me," replied Burgoyne. " In this instance, so much must depend U)H)n the prudence of the ogent, that it were unfair towards him to create additional difficulties, by extend- ing my confidence to any besides himself." " Then why are we here ?" asked Philips, angrily. " It is a mere mockery of a council of war, first of all to consult US, and then neither to adopt our sentiments, nor offiT reasons for their rejection. For my own part, wash my hands of all consc'w% *0 bad ambition! po'ir Geiier-il Burgoyne I |ionr Mistres!. iFriicr:' I'rnyers witc read, uflar which h« d.'Bired that Geni'rnI lllurnnyne ehutild be requested to have hlin buried on the next tUv. lat six o'clock in the evening, iin h hill where a bienstwork liiiil 7b«en cunstrnctcd. I knew not wlinl In do; the entrnnee nnd ill ilhsr. 1(19. It was ill vain that tlie baroness used every soothing and consolatory expression which a compassionate heart could dictotc, appealing to us, as to persons well_ ac- quainted witli the truth, to confirm her ussuranccs of the major's safety. Like Rachel weeping for her children. Lady Harriet refused to be comforted ; and though we were not scrupulous in passing tlie rigid tine of trutli in u cause BO holy, even our oaseverations were thrown away upon Iter. Every moment during which she was absent from her wounded husband seemed un age ; and at last it was agreed ujion amongst us, that to olfer further op- position would be useless. Though extremely delicate at the best, and at piesent far advanced in a state of' pregnancy, she determined to brave all the hazards of tlie night, and the enemy ; and, throwing a loose clonk aliout her shoulders, to make her way, as she best could, witliin the American lines. One consideration, and one only, induced her to [miusc for a few moments. It was suggested that a letter of recommendation from General Burgoyne to General Gates would at least secure for litr civil treatment at the outposts ; and as Fraser volunteered to procure that letter, she consented to remain where she was till he should return. Whilst the unhappy lady sat in a state of comparative calmness, the attention of all present was painfully turned to General Fraser, v ''.o retained even to the last moment the feeling of the soldier and the gentleman. Though racked with bodily p' ti, he looked up from time to time oiilv to express his sorrow that he should thus intrude uixJn the Baro:i?ss, and his sense of her extreme kind- ness: and then his thoughts seemed to wander to other scenes, and tl'i- name of his wife rose, as it were, invo- lunr -r.ly to h, lips. "Oh, fatal air.bition!" cried he,"of how much I'uppiness host thou roo' ed me! Alas! my |)oor wife, vlio will c ibrt her vhcn she hears of this ? — and my childrer. (iod, bo thou their guardian ! To tliee, and to my cou . I commend them." Then suddenly changing ,i heme, he excLiimed: "Poor Burgoyne! tell him t rit 1 felt lor lii"? even in my dying momeiit.s • -nd ^ay, tiiat I made it r Vast request to lie buried u ,.x <■ < lock in the evenin/r, ■ 'ic redoubt H-hicli crown- lie hill in our right. It is a foolish wisli ; bnl 1 fancy . t I slum sleep soundl) there, bceauso ni}- liravu fellow.-^ built it, and will, I am sure, maintuin il. ' '. i' this was spoken calmly, resolutely, and in the tone ot .nc aware of liis situation , and if there occasionally broke from him lome hasty expression, no one could doubt tlint reason enleeblcd by bodily pain gave birth to it. Poor fellow ! he lingered on till eight o'clock in the morning, and then tell asleep. In the \ein while, Fraser had not been neglectful of the charge assigned to him, nor Burgoyne backward in furnishing the letter of recommendation to the American general. The former returned in as short a space as could liave been expected, with the document in ques- tion ; but the lady's grief again assumed the most dis- tressing appearance, when he assured her that to pass the line of advanced sentries this night was impracticable. The safety of the whole army required, that for the present no intelligence of its change of groimd should roach the .Vmcricans ; and hence the most positive orders had been issued, that no one, on any pretence whatever, should quit the camp. As there was manifest reason in this, even Lady Harriet, as soon as the first burst of dis- appointment passed by, could not refuse to see it ; and slie strove from that moment not only to moderate her own grid', but to assist in alleviating the sorrows of her mutilated acquaintances.* * "Lady Harriet Ackhind," lays General Burgoyne, "had ec- coinpanie,! iier husband to t.'anada, in tlie beginning of the year 1771). In tile cnurse f,f tli:it cnnipaign she h,id travelled a vn.-^! space of eoiiniry, in different extremitii's of season, and with diin- c lilies thai an Kuropean tr.ivellerwili nolea>llyeoiireivp, toallenri, tn a |sior hut at < liaiiiblee, iiiKin his sirk bed." Alter deMrihin!* an accident bv lire, by which I.ndy .\eklnnd s tent was destroyed, nnil every tbiiig tliey had with them consumed, Uic Geneial | ru. eeeds: — " Tills accident liappenni a little lime before the aroiy passnl the Hudson Kivrr. li neniier aiiered the r.'sniution nrir the ciieerful- ness of l.ndy Hnrr el ; and slic continued her progress, a imn.iker of tlic fiiii'iies of tlie advanced cnr|M. The nextcnil upon her forti tnile was of a dilftrent nature, and more distressful, as of longer ruspcnse. On the mnr, li of the lUth, tlic gnnndlers iH'Ing liable to nrlion nl every step, she had been directed by the major to follow the route of the oriillery and baggage, which was not exposed. At tlie time the action began she found hetself near a small iiitin. habiti'il lint, wliere she nliglitid. When it ivns found the action was heconiiim gen'Tal and bloody, the surgeons of the hospitiil tonk iHirc^^eshloii of the sumo place, ns the most convenient for the lirst care of the wounded. 'Thus was this Indy In hearing of one continued (ire of cannon nnd niuskciry, for finir hours together, with the presuiii[»iioii, from tlie |vwt of her hiishand nt the head of Ihegrinnliers, that he wns in Ihe most exposed paitof Ihe action. She had UireeTemilo companions, Ihe llaroness of Roidcadel and the wives of two British olflccm, itlnjor llarnoge and Lieutrnanl [ Rcvncll ; but In tlio event tli ,■ a pro|ioBnl of passing to tlie ciiiiip nf tho eiieinv, .iiid r. ,j Genenil Gates's permission tontteiid hnr hnsbnttd. * * All I could fiiriiieh lo iter was an op<'ii b\»n—F.d. t Ilk .-illllg $ s-r t^:: '^ 62 SARATOGA. i. :^■ i \' I:f if ,«' "I ■ « ft'; ( and whilst the shadow of a uhiincc rcinaina, Burgoyne must be siipportvd." " And supported at the expense of my honour, ccr- tainly," said I, — " jxirhaps of my life." " Your honour runs no risk," replied he, " whilst you act in obedience to your eliicfs orders ; — your life, as I havi already observed, iii in your own keeping." " But why pursue this wild scheme, if things really be, as you represent them, hopeless? Why not try what an Indian can do ? nny more, wliy not allow me an Indian for my guide ? and I will set off cheerfully on the instant. It is to the pretended desertion, and to it alone, that I object" " Will your objections cease to operate, if I lay before you convincing proofs that there is notan Indian attach- ed to the army, who is not a traitor ?" I replied, that such a conviction would certainly go far towards al'aying my scruples, and reconciling me to any thing. " Then your scruples will not long torment you," said he. " You have observed a remarkable warrior in the general's suite, — one Eagle'swing, as ho calls himself, a chief of the Six Nations." I recollected him perfectly ; indeed, it was impossible, having seen that man once, ever after to forget him. Among a people celebrated for the exact symmetry of their persons, Eagle'swing deserved to bo pronounced positively handsome. I'all, graceful, formed for feats both of agility and strength, he possessed a countenance endowed with an expression of singular aeutencss, and nn eye which, whilst it shunned the gaze of the indivi- dual on whom it was turned, seemed to rend his very tlioughts, and penetrate his most secret wishes. From the ojHMiing of the campaign, he hud attached himself, in a remarkable manner, to the person of the general, to whose intere«ts he i>rofesse(l, and indiu'd api)eared to be devoted; and his inllncnce among ilia countrymen being allowed to be very great, the general scrupled not to bestow ui 111 him a large portion of his confidence. Of this no secret was made ; indeed, the general himself spoke openly of the Indian as one of the most useful functionaries in the army. But there were not wanting persons who viewed the red warrior with an eye of strong suspicion ; and now for the first time I learned, that my relative was ol the number. " Are you uwnri-," continued he, " that all our mes- gengcrs, not one of whom has suceeeded, went uiidiT the guidance of an Indian, rreomiiieiided by that |mt- son ? This may amount In no eliarge against him, I allow ; yi't, is it not singular, that our jilans slimild have iiorn so aptly l'ruslrat<'d this niorniiig? I know thai ^Jlgle'swing was made necpiainled with thein." " What you s;iy," replii'd I, " atl'ords slnmg ground of suspicion, doubtless, but suspicion is not proof. You promised me jiroof of tlio Indian's treachery — let me have it." " On more accounts than one, I will at least make the attempt," replied he. " 'I'ake this rille," liandingme at the same time a short fiisee, and arming liiiiiself with another. " Your dirk is, I see, in your belt; now follow, and do as I do, without asking a i|iU'stioii." He rose as lie s|K)ke, and we sallied from the teni I was at no loss to conjecture that mir ex|K'dilion was both oseeretand uhazarcloiis one; nor did any great spar of time ellipse ere I discovered its object. Instead oC passing oiMnly through the eaiiip, or along the line of advanced sentries, we struck olV directly towarils tin rear, till we had passed head ipiarter house, when wi turned smldeiilv to the right, and made for the |N)iiit where the Indian huts were estalilishi'd. As we ap- proached Ihese, a doubli' share of eiiiition beeanie neees- sary. 'riiDiigli it is not customary ii'iiong the savages to preserver a regular watch in their eneampnients, 1 need seareely say, that he who seeks to traverse llieiii iiiioliserved, must adopt every iimiginnlile expeilii-nt lo shun olmervalioii ; for their aeutencss of sense surpasses every thing of which a lCurii|H'aii eiiii form a conception, and the slightest noise is alinimt sure lo be ovi'rheard. With the habits of Indians, however, I'Vaser was liiiiii- liurly neipiaiiited. lie sipiatted down as sihui as he had arrived within a certain distance of their teiits, iiinkliiL' n mntiou to me lo foUow his exniiiple; and our ap proaehes were theneeliirlh innile slowly, silintly, and painfully, not ii|Mni our hands and knees, hut upon our iH'llies. In this manner we dragged ourselves over llii surface of the ground at a rate so lardy, as to Ih' our. wives aearrely aware that we made any progress, till hi reBched ilie exlerior of a lent, ilelaehed from Ihi' rest, within which it was easy to ixTceivf thut sevirnl |M'r- •ens wire assembled. Iriiser liinelied my arm, as a sig- nal lo keep iKtlVclly still, lull lo Ik" ready for nil eli«iire«; and then gently raising one corner of tlie canvass, all that was witliin became, in a moment, perceptible. We saw before us a group of five or six savages, con- spicuous among whom was Burgoyne's confidant. They were seated round a dull fire, smoking with all llie com- posure for which the red men are remarkable ; and for many minutes after we had attained our staXions, a jiro- ibund silence reigned among them. At last Eagle'swing sjiokc. As he addressed his companions in tlie language of his tribe, his speech was to nic without meaning ; but I could perceive from the involuntary pressure of my companion's elbow against my side, tliat he perfectly understood it. Well pleased with tliis, I lay quite still, looking witli intense interest attlic scene before me ; and truly it were not cosy to conceive one more remarkable, or more worthy of a master's pencil to represent it. 'I'lie |R'rsons before us were all bedizened with the war paint, which gave to their naturally savage countcnauccs an cx])rcssion absolutely ferocious. A loose cotton scarf, thrown carelessly over one shoulder, and twisted round the loins, so as to cover half the upper limb, formed the only garment which sheltered them from the infiucnce of the weather ; for the moccasins, in which their feet and ankles were wrapped, were intended rather to shield them in the rough passes of the forests, than to protect thcin from cold or wet. Their heads, again, bald except at the crown, were left wholly exposed, except that n hunch of feathers barbarously sunnomited the knot of long lank hair in which Uicy prided themselves. They sat upon the ground, each man's tomahawk and rifle laid carefully beside him, and tlieir attitude was il- lustrative at once of extreme indolence, and the capa- bility of assuming in a nionient its very opiMwite. A profound silence reigned whilst Eagle'swing s(Xjke, the pi|ies being laid aside that nothing might call off atten- tion ; and when be concluded, an obscure Koiiiid, resem- bling rather the snort of a horse than any thing else in nature, gave nssiirnnce that his address had Imcii well received. This was hint enough to Eraser. Once more he pressed against my side with his elbow; and letting the curtain fall gently, began to steal silently to the rear. I followed his example in the same manner in which he set it, and in a few moiiients we were sufliciently re- moved from the hut to |>ermit his s|H'aking. " Thank tJodl IMaeilirk," said he in a low whisper, " that we took this precaution. There is no room liir explanation now ; but follow me, and whatever you see me attack, 1k' sure to aid iiie in destroying it. The scoundrel shall lie taken in his own snaie, or I mn not the man I used lo Im'." WilliMul waiting for a reply. Eraser set off at a rapid pace ; and I kept up with him, surprise itself Is-iiig M iireely allowed lo o|KTale, so abrupt and iinueeountable seemed to nie the whole series of o|Kw, coiifuseil, and most niiearlhly noise. ThnI wliieli roused us was mil lost ii|hiii the sentry, who did as he had done when we were approuehing. He halteil, and eliulleiii'i'd ; but in Ihe present instance he apisared evi II innre "peidily satisfied than foniierly, for altnoHl iiiimrdiiilely alter he reHiimed his walk. It was now our turn lo Im' on the alert, anil we were ho. We looked iiliroad, mill Ih held a huge Is'nr, moving slowly along the skirl of the thiekel, nnd edging, as It were, by de- grees and 111 short eirelis loward.i the soldier. At Ibis iiislnnt Eraser piillrd me by the eiial, us if desirous that I should Ih- prepared lo act. Now the lMon himself Uie duty, so sure was he never to return. This happened so frv- ipieiitly, that at last men became timid i>f uiuunting ; u»r could any but ihe bravest and best soldiers be persuaded to face a danger which tiiey believed to lie snpernaluraL Our udventure this night unravelled the whole mystery. This bear, which hud Isen seen so froiiucutly, proved to be one of Eagleswing's followers, by whose toiiuihawk man al\cr man hud fiillen ; and who, but for our oppor. tunc visit to the lent of his chief, might have pursued his bloody career to the close of the cninpuign.*^ " I told you," said Eraser to me, " thut there waa mil an Indian m the cuinp who would be found, on exaniiim- lion, honest in any particular; and here is proof rnoiigii that I was nut iiiisiaken ; but this is not ull. Let us first cust this cnrrion where its companions may not be likely to find it, and then, as we return lioine, I will convinre you, tli.it if the army is to 1h' saved :it oil, it inuet be atived by yon." As he sjHike, wo seized the Indian by the legs.and tlin seiilinel lending his assistance, we soon drugged him iiitu a close part of the thicket. Thut done, we tell the niuii to his iiieditations, and liillowiiig a course as tortuous at that which we hud pnrsui^d in setting out, we arrived in due time, and in jM'rfi'Ct sali ly, nt Ihe tent. Of the conversation wliii h fiillowed, a few words will siilliee to make you acipminted with the siibstanec. Tlie speech which we had overheard, nnd which was tlic cause of our extraordinary movemenls, contained, it iip- |H-ared, nothing more limn hints of some dee|i-luid scheiin of treaehery, the full object of which Eraser hud Isen iinalde to ilisenver, but lo which the murder of the sentry, and the |iiissuge of the scout to tile enemy's camp, w en< lo Ih' Ihe pri liiiles. "And now," eiinlinued he, "as you professed your readiness In desert in the event of these men being fiaiiul unliiilhliil, it remains fiir me only to hold you to yniii promise. Eor once, I liillevclhat lliirgoy lie has acted prii ■lenlly. I eoidd not gather thut the red skins know nny thing of this device, and therefore we may rest tohralily srriire, tlinl it will nut Is' Ihwarli d ; tliongh every lliiii|; will di'iHiid u|hiii yourself. Hilt it is high time to tliiiik of seeking i'e|Mise, To you, and prolinhly to me, tii-nier row will Ih< a day of no eomiiion exertion ; it were a pily lo enter ii|Hin it with minds and liodies enfleliled by Iihi niiieli wnlehfiilMiss." He drew Ins elouk nround l.lm ns he siiokr, and with as iiiiieh I'lHijiiess as if iiolhing mil of the ordinary noi tine of events had oeeiirred, threw himself at length ii|i*iiilir- I J m il •miel fodil/ •y ' ^idilil ftueiieil Bagle fuelit I frolesJ Bon, til is a l| fry kl iiiorl I'C. flrhieli gardoii %avcrej |tlUll ' ters f'oil hail giv[ fciged, Wat a si $r evei \'uriei liioiis, I lyes fir I Objects But my inil risii The eguii II enruiiei 1 tow III killenly lirse lir H'eel ll| silivi SARATOGA. C3 oil slowly uiiiihcBtlit'd ni8('lt' up for a spring. 1 guess respecting liii from liis anibuscadr, in a close and despc- e extraordinary move- t was speedily ended, taiicc, lie pierced tli« uttering a slirill cry, the figure, not of a r disguised ii> the skin ill readily believe that was great, whilst tliu nmediately recognised le secret was soon dis the first iiiiiiortaiiee. r sentinels as occupied been oliserved to dis- aniier. 'I'hut tlie men nee, in many cases, vS all of tlic positions ul not in our advanced lieli, if desertion were attained ; but invaria- c roar, or on tiic flank le compass of our own ts made to account fur d hitherto proved uniu igctlier, nothing of the in ambuali, they disco. ' a bear pniwling near upon himself Uie duty, This happened so fre- iiiiid of mounting ; unr t soldiers be persuaded ed to lie HupcrBaturaL lied the whole mystery. fro'iueutly, prijvcd to , by whuHc tomahawk vlio, but for our oppor- nigiit have pursued his ampaign.^' e, " that there wai not 1 Ik.' found, on examiiia- d here is proof enough is not all. Let us fust liuns may not be likely Imine, I will eonvinre t all, it Diuut be saved Inn by the legs, and tlia soon drugged him iiitn done, we lel\ the iiian |i course as tortuous as ing out, we arrived in the tent. iwed, a few words will {h the NubHtunce. 'i'lic und which was tlir K nts, contained, it u|i- loine dee|>-luid schiiiii' liieli Trnser had Utii murder of the si'iilry, enemy's eunip, wiii' yciu professed \yiw |lii HI' men U'iiig itiuiiil til liohl you to yniii lirgoyiie hnsneted prii I'd skins know niiy live iiiny rent ttdenilily llioiigli every lliini: J JH high time In think |iiliiilily til me, tn-iiior Irrtion ; it wire a pily LdiiB enfielileil by Imi U ho spoke, and with 1 i<( the ordinary rim limself nl hnglh u|hiii IntVri'ted by the ilmw Instinetively fullnunl a heavy breathiii|| liiriibsiilul' forgelliil' II. iiwh rellretioni, yoii liiinNttmrr hIm Ii vti fiir If./ :%ill not lie surprised to learn, that these gradually as. Snned a character, which, in spito of a strong sense of xlily fatigue, cfFcctually hindered sleep from visiting Ay eyelids. It appeared to me as if the events of the ■nst day, more particularly the occurrences of the last ■our, were the mere creatures of a disordered fancy — ■fcaiiis wo.-ked out in the fever of a morning's sleep, not pBolilics involving tJic most important future eonsc- Ueiiees. The scene in the hospital, the countenance of ai'leswing, the assembly of savages, with the subsc- ueiit deecfof bliKid, all forced themselves in the most totesqiie and hideous manner back upon my rccollec. on, till I almost doubted whelher I were not even now a trance, from which it would bo a relief of no ordi. f'^ry kinil to nwnke. Then, again, the thought of what morrow miglit bring forth, was not without its iiitlu. ee. I felt myself pledged to an undertaking, than tliioli I well knew that none could 1k" devised more liii- rdoiis i mid there were moments when my resolution Sruvered, almost to sinking, under the prospect. More |iian once I was templed to repair to the general's (piar- |er» for the jiurpose of retracting the ennsenl which I Bad given. Hut the recoUeelion that my honour wns en- ■aged. Unit my t'litnre pros|wet3 de])ended on myself, and Inat a Khriiiking back now would eft'ectuaUy ruin them Sr ever — these considerations served again to steel me. 'earii'd out at length by sn many distract in'r considera- llioiis, I di'termined to think no more ; and I closed my fyes fir'iily together, as if the shutting out of all external bjicts would a.isist in dispersing a host of painful ideas, lilt my cH'ort." |iroving useless, I ceased to make them, nd rising in n sort of di'H|ieration walked forth. Till' night, wiiieli had hitherto been calm und clear, egiin now to assume u lowering und threnfeniiig np •iiraiice. Dark clouds were gatlieriiig in the sky, and , low mnaning of wind, the prelude to a storm, came up hilli Illy and hoarsely from the south. 1 cannot tell why nrsi' cireiiiiistanees should have produced the smallest Bill n|Miii nie ; but cirtain it is, that I exiierienced silive ri'lii f Irom them. It apjH'ured as it the tumult my own mind hud unhtted me from looking n|ion %ut\vard nature, exee|it in a state of uproar; anil us tin iiid lieeame every moment more und more boisterous, kiy ngitution gradually siilisidcd. 1 walked about for a mil hour watching the progress of the storm ; and I re lired at last to eiijiiy a sound and refreshing sluniliir, I'liieh the rushing of a heavy ruin, and the boisteroun 'oar of tt tem|i<'st,eontribiited largely to priHluee. 'I'lioiigh the storm continued to nige with unabated jTiiry, the troops, us is eustoinary in snrli sitiintions, got jtmder arms an liiiur helbre dawn; but insliail of reliini. ing til the line as soon as the day broke, they imrrly |iiled their anus, and eontinned on the wuteh. 'I'lie truth 8, that the enemy no sooner ascertained the evacuation ;if our more ndvanced camp, than they possessed tliini- pii'lves of it ; pushing forward parties witliln muske.t-shol of our new alignemeiit, hetwein which and our pickets, Rli well as lii'lween several batteries on each side, nn ir. tegular llic of musketry and eunnon ensued. l''or what biir|Hise this desnllory tiraillaile was kept up, it would Ih' hard 111 say. On our parts, indeed, it was merely a iiiia- ■ure of diienee ; fur our men never tired till eoniiMUed to Ho so by the aiidaeity of their assailants, and ceased ngaiii hs soon as the latter withdrew; but the Amerieans |H'r- lilsled all day in drawing on usili'sR sklrmislii's, wliieh ■osl a ti'w valiiiilile lives liiilli to tlieinselves and lis, willi- (iit priidiieing any important result. Towards i veiling, ■iimrter, Isitli parties appeared to grow weary of so un- prolitiilile a waste of aimnuiiltiiin. The eneinv, having paitily striven to drive in a |H>st whieli (ienrr.il llnrgoyne tihiliili'd a linn drlerininalion to iiinintain, nil at oiiei' asetl llieir hostilities ; and from that hour till .'tf\er night, kll no tiring N'yond n diitnnt and raiidniu cannonade |oiiU place. Things were in this sta^e win n llnrgoyne, to wliiiin llie last wish of (ieneral Kraser had been eoiiniiuniealed, Issiu il orders for the assembling of ii party to carry that visli into execution. As it wns a iiiulter of siiiiie mo. Inent not to attract greater niiliee iVoiii the Anierienns jllian nilglit Is, the troops provideil for the iiielanelioly 1 riinony were few in mnnlH'r ; I'Vaser's Marksmen onlv, villi n few eoinpanies of light Infuntry, Ising emiilovi'd that service. We Isgnn to miisler ulsnit half past I', at the dour of the house where the gallant brigadier lav, and in ii i|iiarti'r of an hour nlbr, his Isiily, wrap|H'il kip ill a sh, et, and covered with a liorsemaii's elimk, was liriMiitJil ont ii|Min u rude bier lonstrui teil liirlhe pnrjMisi . ■•"niir sirgennlina jors Is'lniiging to his own ili\ isloii, were lllr Is'nrers, ivlinse moistelieil eyes and deji eled eoiinte. Vsiii'is gave lestiiiiony to the sorrow that nignnl within; tiiil the irioiirnrrswrre (Junernis llnrgoyne, I'liilipH, Id i di'sdcl, and Hamilton, with many others of the highest rank attached to the army. As soon as the body ap- |ieared, the word was given to move ; and a slow and mcurnlul jiroccssion began, a few muilled drums licating tlic dead march, and an occasional low flourish of truin- pets sounding, till, having gained the base of the hill, on the suniniit ot^ which the redoubt stood, the troops open- cd by sign to the right and IctV, and the bier with its at- tendants went forward. At the head of this party walked Mr. Brudenel, the res|)eetable chajila in-general of the army, who faltiTcd forth, in a broken voice, the words " I am the resurrection and the life," till having reached the point where tlie grave had been dug, a gcnerul halt took place. Nothing c.iuld exceed at this moment the mourn- ful solemnity of the scene. In the midst of a furious tem)«!st of wind and rain, aui mill III l' hliM liiirliil ai >l\ ii'i liii k. in ilie |ilnri. In. Iiml i|i.>.||.'iiaii.||. 'riiU nri'iiHliiiiiij an iim'Ii,-b ilelav. ami innirlliuii il in . nr no lliiri lnl^^llrlllnl •• .\i si\ i.'i hsli i|ii. niriwi. was ninnvvil, Hint we ►!!«' all tin. ui-ni ral», wlili iliilr nlliiiiih, i,ii ||||. hill „^»w{ Inn Ml llie r alii ri'iniiliv. 'I'lii' MiiiilMi i li.i|il»iii, Kli. Ilrinli ml ellliinliit. rillniiin l.alU jlew iirnuinl iiinl iiIhim. IIii. nssi inlilni niiiiiiinis. (ii'iniiil llaiia nlteiwiiriN {.rMO-nril Unit II lir liml kinovn wliiil wasomnu mi, he winihl haie sinpiHil ilu. liri' linini' itiaii ly," (iihi'tal llnrjiivni' liss iliKnilnil this urine w lili his U'lniil h llrin I r i.\|.i.sK(iiii anil I'liuniiniM, llini - " 'tin. Iinemiiit i iiniininnli. ilnilnu llie mili'iniill> : ilii' Piinily nlillinl I iinalii'iiii vnlrr wnh » h' h llie rliniilalli iilllii.Ueil, thniliili tVinllnillv invrri.t wHh ilii.l winihllii'sln.i ihipw np nn nil silica or tilni : lln niiiii. linl I'thri m. .■u.iinl»lnn'i.|'»nHllillll) unit lii.lliinatlini n|H vii> i nniiliiiiini i ilii'.i iili|iii>. will riniiiln.iu ilie Inai nriHi', n|Nin ilu^ mitiil iiIim rv iiiiinMliiiwn«|ir<.>H'iii. Tln'iir.inliioiln>klin'<-siiilili'il iniln. airniiv suit 1 he wlinlc niaiKiilnrlmrnrler iil'ihal Juiniiin. ilml n nilil innlir nil,. Ill ihi. Ilin >| Niililn la inr the i«.in'il ni .i nmaii i ihiil tin' llilil mr I vhlliiliil 'I'.. Ihi' laioiua, ami In lhi. Inllhrnl piiui.„|' ,1 ,„nf,. |,„ liniiiinl liMiiilan iiil'iiiil rtlrinl, I iiiinlaM ih> niiinnrv 'I'l innv ihv Mhnla. Ihy mnnli vlrlnia, ihrlr pto«ri»« anil ihili isrlial Unit line illsihirilnn : iinil hiiig liny llnv »iiivlvr-lnnB ariiit llie iiiill in. Ill 111 Illy |irii ■hall he i;ii(|n||i ii," . lUI ings ; and our sentries Ix'ing planted, Fruscr and myself sat down beside a little watch. fire, upurt from the men. It was now, after having carefully ascertained that no curious ears were by, that my kinsman began to concert with mc the more minute details of our project. He as- sured me that the moment for carrying it into execution had at length arrived ; that farther delay would render it, even if successful, of no avail ; and that the fucilitics aflbrded by our present situation of accomplishing one great jKiint in it might not occur again. Finally, be put into my hand a piece of dirty pajicr, covcied with such scrawls as children usually produce, us my letter of com. mendalion to Oenerul Clinloii, and urged nie with great veheniencc to desert on the instant. I could not hold out against his persuasions : I consented, and having done this, it was no hard matter to prevail upon me to make the act of desertion as palpable us possible. The follow- ing is the method which wus ndopled for thnt piir|inse. .\bout midnight, or perhaps half an hour helbre, it fill to my turn to visit the sentries. I had risen from beside the fire, and was already advanced some paces on iiiy progress, when Fraser called me back, und speaking loudly, so us to be overheard by the nu n, desired that a patrol should accompany me. To this I objected us use- less ; but on his urging the matter warmly, und rcconi- mending tliut a rcconnoisaiice be made to the front, I consented, tJiough with^much apparent relnelanee. The conBcqiiencc was, that a corporal with four privates lie- cam;^ my companions, as they were afterwards zealniiM witnesses to my treachery. It was not a very hard matter to deceive these honest fellows. Perfi'ctly iinsus- pieioiis of any sinister design, und neeustomed to pay implicit obedience to their superiors, they were easily directed to act so ns to serve the great object in view, without greatly endangering my personal safity. I led them just beyond the line of videttes ; when, pretending that it would be more prudent to feel our way singly, I caused lliem to separate. This done, we airadvuiiied, when, gradually ilrawing near the corporni, I begun lo tamper with him, us if desirous of making liini a com- panion in my flight. I'or u while, the man either did not or would not iinderstnnd me ; he answered vaguely and eiiiiliisedly, soiiii liiiics not appearing lo see tlirnngh my design at all, al others Ircaiiiig my proposals as a joke. At last I told him plainly, that I iiileiided to abide by u ruined army no longer ; oin' canse was a fiilling one — there was iiotliiiig In be gained by larllier adhirencr to il, every thing by iiiln|iling an opposite policy. The |Mior fi'llow stopped on lieariiig lliis (leelaralion, und asked win llier I were really si rions ; "Never more so in my lifi'," answered I. " I am so far on my way to- wards the Aiiicrican lines, and 1 invite you to aceom- |Hiny me." " Not if a captain's eoniinission were my reward," an- swered the brave man ; " nor shall you pass, if 1 have llie power to prevenl II 1" 1 had aniii iputid this, and, Intiire lie could bring his rifle lo the present, I siiii d and endciivoureil to wrest il from him, \ brief struggle ensued, during wliiili the piece cxplinled; and as I knew that llie report would lirhig the patrol instantly n|Hiii mc, I relinqiiished my liolil and lied. The (or|N>ral pursued, shouting linidly to his (omriides; but as I wns more lightly eipiippeil, uh well us fleeter of liMil, I speedily h ft liiiii Islilnd; and llie excessive darkness fiivoiiring me, I was snon In yniid Ihn reach of captnre. Several shots were indii ,i ilied, the balls from which flew very wide of their iiiarli ; and In ten iiiiiintes after the final airangi nient of my plan, I wni lo all iiitenls and purposes a deserter. Aiiiniiited by the good fiirlune which had so fiir nt tended me, I pressed forward in iHlter spirits, and with higher ho|H's of iilliniale sueeess than I had yet veiilnri '. possessed a more than ordinary interest. I could not but painfully con trast the strength of the enemy with our weakness, as I passed, not without diUiculty, from lone to lane ; and I arrived at last in t'ront of a spreading marquee, perfectly aatisticd that even Sir Henry Clinton's diversion, if made Bt all, would h iidly serve to deliver Burgoyne from the ruin that hung over him. Tiio tent towards which mir steps were turned, stood considerably apart from all others, .ind occupied the orchard I'rom wiiich the light troops had retired previous to the assault upon our lines late in tlic evening of the 7th. At no gn^at distance from it, though far enough removed to hijidor a eonversalion from being overheard, sat a hind of some ten or twelve disjnounted troopers, KUioliing and chatting beside a large fire, the horses being picketed close beside t'lem ; whilst three sentinels pa- trolled baeliwards and forwards on all sides of it, so as to hinder any |K'rsons from approaching till they should have been previously cKamined. Hy these we were, ol' course, slopped ; but my guide having explained his busines-s, the sergeant was callrd, and we were conducted to the guards' stition, where we sat down. Nor, to say le, shed a not very brilliant light through it. The light was, however, strcmg enough to (lermit run to observe, that the individual licfore me |M)ssessed n handsome counte- nsnca and a commanding ihtsou. His age ap|H'ared to ha about fif\y, |M'rhnps n year or two \nider; and his manners wore u' once courteous, gentlemanlike, and oasy. There was no hauteur, nor the slightest uffeeta- tion of liantrur nlxmt him ; imleed, the readiness with which he Invited me lo sit down, ami the familiarity with which he o|Kmed our eonverNntion, struck me ns passing, rather than keeping too much within, the line >>l dignity. It «0B easy to perceive Irorn his style of dri'ss, that if he had lain (lown at all, it must have Is'en in his clothes. Hut for the obsiMiee of his eoat, for which a loose nightgown was sulistltuted, he npisared ready lo niuuni his horse at a incMnenl's notice; and a nmltitude uf |Ki|>ers sealtered u|ion his talile, implied that his mo- ments of solitude were not s|S'iit idly. It is not worth while to lengthen out my story by de. Uiliiif in filll the piirlieulurs of the eonversslinn whii'h ensued. LInough :s done when I inform you, that (icneral (jiiles, though iiU'ecting all the while the most jicrfcct in- diiVerence, did his best to draw from mc a true account of the situation of the British army ; and that I took good care to mix u]> just so much truth witli falsehood, us at once to screen myself should tlie latter be detected, whilst by tlic former, I conveyed no information calcu. luted to injure my friends. With respect lo the cimscs which led to my (lescrtion, I slated that they were chiefly of a private nature, wronOT having Ix'cn put upon me by my superiors, such as i did not clioose to brook ; nnd 1 was particularly cautious not to drop a hint which might lead my interrogator to suppose that there existed in General Uurgoyne's camp a spirit citlicr of alarm or dis- aficctiun. N^Vt I went farther. I assured him with as great an air of candour as 1 found it possible to assume, that even now I was but a half convert from loyalty ; ond that though I had abandoned the king's standard, nothing should ever induce mc to carry arms against my coun- trymen. In conclusion, I entreated his permission to re- tire to Philadelphia, where certain i datives by my mo- ther's side were settled; and where I might follow the l)caccablc course of life which I had determined to adopt. The general heard me out with great patience, and witliout the I'uintest appaient reduction of his good hu- mour. He expressed liis surprise, indeed, that 1 should be ignorant of matters which lie very soon convinced me were well known to himself; but ho tlirew out no in- sinuation as if he distrusted, I'ar less that ho had pene- trated my real designs. This was particularly the case on my denying all knowledge of an intended retreat during the night. " All iny spies have assured me," said lie, " that the British columns arc in full inarch ; anlicd 1, " but I deserted, as your excellency already knows, from a distant outpost : and I assure you, that, when 1 quilted it at least, nothing of the kind was spoken cf there." " Nay, and their boiiti and battcaux," continucarticular moV(^inent/i. " l'erliaj)s so," replied he ; " yet other deserters have asserted, tlial the r( trogression was openly spoken of in the lines, so early ns noon." " That," answered I confidently, " is nllogefhrr a mis- taki'. I myself was neeidentally an ear witness lo the proceedings of n council of war, which, no Inter llinn the night (d' the Tlh, came to the ileterminnti(m tlint the army should hold its ground till supported." " .Vnd from whenei' "' asked tieneral (iates. I felt that I had committed myself; but I nt once said, " From tlin highlands, which, we are given to understand, nrr oven now in the |K>ssession of a strong force from New York." The general looked «t nin more keenly than he linil yet done. " You overheard this d< eisioii 7" " I did," " Then what might Im' the n.eaning of thnt abortive eoneentrntion in the redoubt on the right of your line, towards dusk /" I explained that also to him. — " A funeral party !" ex- elaiineil he : " Why did your general eoneeul the fact from ine 7 Had I lieeii awnre of it, lie wonlil have met with no interruption from our nrtillery." I assured him thai the fire hnd occasioned no loss; and he expressed llioisrif pleased nl the inlelligenee. " Well, sir," eimliniieo«ition ; and llir li.)isferous exultation of those about mc soon gave proof that the retreat of the British army hud been ascertaiiiml. In the mean while day gradually dawned, bringing l.efi.re mc, as tlic light increased, one of the most rt. marknble s|)reticles which if has ever been my fortimf lo IhIioIiI. "The tents, marquees, nnd blanket huts, wliick had almnnded on my arrival, were all gone ; they had iH'cn struck at the lirst licnt of drum, and were now packed u|ion Imt-liorses nnd ears in roar of the lines. On llie ground which they formerly covered stood nunirroiu columns of infiuitry, sup|iorted here nnd there by a fn squadrons of horse; guns and tumbrils, limbered up nnil ill order, occupied the intervals, whilst groups ofgcncrii and staff officers were riding backwards and forwarik for the purpose, ns ii ' cined, of asccrtaiiiing that mm lers were in a prop< i iraiii, or of reetiiying such errcin n« mit;lit Ik' ilelccted. Of course, the appearnnco ain; hcuring of the troops now nroiind me presented a vrrt remarkable rontrnsi to those of the army wn.Jh I liiu just (milled. Very li^w Amerienn ror\m seemed lo I* complete in any s|H'cies of e(|uipinent ; fewer still urn clolhed in a garb nt all resembling a I'niform. Tlir Continentnls, us their regular regiments were dcnomini led, wore indiid blue coals, nnd their lirlls, pouches, nnd firelocks, seemed lo Is' mnilr at\er the same fashion; tiiii the under imrlions of their dress vnried in the most gnv tesoue innimer, whilst their hats seemed to have bnn giilhered from a hundied dillerent fiehls where a hundrri! different iialioiu had fought. Willi ri'sprct to the niililii ngnin, nothing eoiihl exceed the clownish air that ilii linguishcd^ them. They wire arrayed, some in tlif costume of their every day ocmpiilions, some in Innitaii dresses, some in n sort of palihwork uniform, pnrlli i:nglish, iiartly I'mieh. whilst not n few would hivi Ih'cu nbnojiilily naked, but I'or blankets which lliey liii: ened niMint llirni, by thruslitig their hinds Ihrouch j hole in the middle. In like maimer, their nrins nnd o> coiilreuMiits Isire lillle reseinhlnncc to lliim' usually i«t ried by soldiers, tsmf (iiwliiig piecci nnd short nlln H!> VO to .*:' 8,ile ic present, you must be imp. What yon liiivc . force from New York force is at this moment should you fail into tlic ;- to it, your fate would to bring any benefit to u have not told mc, I Kless. His troops arc d, Ills sick and wounded ■ow. Next day I shall rcc his Avay across the he will bo my prisoner, J the sentry, who imim-. lard, by the eommandor cnt already more thou agonus. Here a blankd und ; and here I spent frame of mind such ai !Ui I could describe. Oil. neces.sory conscquenre ud rolling of drums and The Americans, it ap. other respects might bo, ' the king of Prussia'g ic compass of their ini. )cat tlieir rcvoillics and before the enemy, as in iritliiii a hundred miles instruments to which I ic signal for their troop) 18 obeyed, if neither ai. promptitude, and mucli troopers among whom ir feet at tho first sum- ecn picketed itliring tin irokcn ground, and had lire to the weatlicr, were nd in order ; whilst tlii' eir accoutrements, tcoli ■ service. Nothing, how. t was still pitchy dark, he rain still camo down ;cie8 of tirc-arms in a so causes ncccMarili I learned, that patrol! discovering whetlier or his position ; and the nt mc soon gave prooi hud been ascertaiiiiil Uy dawned, bringing one of tho most n. •vir been my fortunf id blanket huts, which re all gone ; they hid drmii, and were iio» n roar of tho lines. On iivercd stood numrroiu re and there by ■ fc» brils, limbered up and hilsl groups of geiicril kwards and forwards iserrtaii.ing that mat iTtil^ing such erron , the ap|H'aranco am: me presented a vfij le army wn-.h I haii 1 rorps seemed to l» lint; fewer still wpn ing a iMiilbrm. 'Mit nents wero dmomini eir lielts, pourhci, nnil he same fashion; bin nried in the most gro. reini'd to have bwn ields where a himdrrt respect to the niililii hiwnish air that ilii- rayed, some in llic on*, some in luintinf ivork imiliirm, pnrlli |t a fi'W would liivi et« which they I'm ir hinds throuch i tlii'lr nrnis nnil ai til lliiise uviinll)' rat rri and short nlln ^^IfcffiOtt ®lIB®Wm^l3:W^ miii^^m^. PHILADELPHIA, FICBIHJAnV IS, 1833, NO. 5. I'BisTED iSD l'ini.nini> uv ADAM WALUltO, No. 8, Nouiu KinHTH STHStT, rmi.ADiLpiiK— At $5 I'lir 58 numbrrs, pnyil I ■ in nilvniico. R. 3l ti. S, VVO(->I>, I'lllSTKKS AMI I'ltBI.INIIKHS, NcW YllRK, ^ 8,ile A?i'n:« unit Publislwrs fur tin- Btalc iif Ni'iv York nnd all llio Niw EnRland «tllleR. I'llKO.MX N. WOOD & CO. BooKsiMT.Kits, IIai.timiiri!, Sole AsTOU for llw siatus 01' Maryland, Viruiniii, nnil O:iio, ami tlii'cityof .Vew OrJonnt. tpearcd in the sam^; platoon, and even side by side. le m!>n carried his ammunition in a leather bag slung h'.< 'I :«. another preferred a shot-belt, whilst a tliird 4fa* ':cii>' od to make use of his pocket; and as to ktyoi."' , not one in a hundred possessed such a weapon, tt bore a musket capable of receiving it. A very great ■umber were, however, armed witli long knives, wliich Inuig in tight waist tx^lts ; and several carried toiiia- Jiwks, in the use of which 1 was given to understand tktt tliey were not less skiltiil than the Indians. .% Ill spite, howover, of tho total absence of all preten- tms to regularity, the American army was not to Ik; spised ; or treated, even in idea, as a iiiere mob. It is ttnc that in the niceties of parade movements, very few, •vet> of llic Ointincntal regiments, could Ixiast of much ■roficieiicy ; but they all, militia as well as regubrs, Ceiucd capable of preserving a good line, and of march- g in colunm with strict attention to distances. More- rer, it was easy to perceive, that they entertained the illest confidence both in thcniselvos and their leader, 'hey conversnl freely, it is true^ in tho ranks ; tlie mili- ia, in particular, appeared to set all attempts to preserve |uiet at dcfiaiioe ; but their conversation was bold, manly, id proud, implying nut only a readiness, hut an ardent sire to bd himself secure of his prey. To me, on the other hand, no rmitingency could have lappenud iiioro cheering or consolatory. The intelli- enee eoniinunicatod lost night relative to the advance f a force from Now York, was not forgotten : — coidd I ut reach that force in time, Durgoynn might yet be Ted. I knew that the attempt would Imj attended with minent risks; should it fail, and I bo recaiitured, my te was inevitable; yet tho object in view was an im. ortant one, and I resolved to devote myself to its attain, nsnt. Kriim that moment all my thoughts were turned the devising of some plan by which the vigilance of ny guards might Ih- eluded ; and tho following was the •lilt of my eiigitntinns. Tliongh exeeediiujlv attentive in every other re«|icel, he Ainerieiins, probiiHly from the atwence of |Kiwer tii kel otherwise, had not furnished me with nnv change of Babiliments since I arrived among them. My own, ns I n<«d searesly any, were satnrnted with thn rain ; I had klopt in thnm thus, nnd thus thry enntiniied to hang tbuut me : it was imt, therefore, a very gross demand upon their erediility tn pretPTid that a severe illness was n« consequence. I btrgun to shiver, drew close to the Rre, spiiki' abruptly, nnd eihiblted other symptoms of lndis|ioslliiin, till nl Inst the men, to wlmse cliaige I lind JsMii iiitruNted, lieenme imiiri'ssi'd with the iilen which I vi«ho(l them to reeeivn. My ease was immeilislrly n- Hirti'd ill the pro|Kir quarter, and an orihr arrived for yny removal to the hospital. All this was exactly ns I desired it to lie. About leii o'clock in the day, I was NKU SKRIMM — b placed with a detachment of sick in a covered wagon ; and before nightfall, found myself an inmate of a large mansion on the outskirts of the neat and flourishing town of Albany. So far my project had been crowned with success. I was freed from the vigilance of men whom it was not easy to deceive, und advanced twenty miles ujion the journey which it behoved me to accomplish; but the difficulties which still stood in my way, were of a nature not to be contemplated without tjie most serious appre- hension. In the first place, I was a patient in a public hospital, every room and ward in which was crowded with sick and wounded, nurses, and medical attendants ; whilst a military guard regularly kept watch over it, and sentinels patrolled backwards oiid forwards in front of either entrance. In the next place, I was at once ignoront of the mule which it would be iieccssury to follow, and destitute of means of subsistence by the way ; for the high road would, I apprehended, prove impass- able, in consequence of the great traffic which at present prevailed ; and to purchose provisions any where, would unavoidably expose mc to interruption. Nevertheless, the die was cast. I shut my eyes, as far as it was pos- sible so to do, against the contemplation of danger ; and turned my undivided attention to the discovery of some method of escape from Albany. For the first day or two, every attempt to quit my ward was strictly prohibited. I was pronounced by the illiterate blockhead who attended me, to lie labouring under a raging fever, and the slightest eximsure to cold would, he declared, inevitably cause death. It was to no pur|>ose that I profbssed myself convalescent j ho knew the state of my Ixxly a great deal U^ttcr than I, and he purged, bh.'d, and otherwise tormented mc, till I almost caught the disease which it had hitherto been my busi- ness to counterfeit. I need not pretend to describe what my feelings were under such circumstances. A thousand times I cursed my own short-sightedness, in having fallen u|ion a device, which, instead of advancing, threatened I'ntirely to disconcert my project ; and many and varied were the schemes whic'i I [Hindered with a view of ex- tricating myself from my present embarrnRsinents. Of these, the first and most obvious was, to leap the window by night, and to trust to chance, and the lightness of my own heels, for escaiie ; but the window, on examination, proved to be closely fastened down, Iwsides being s(!eured on the outside by strong iron bars. Next, 1 thought of seizing the miscreant, and compelling him, by a throat of instant death, to guide mc lieyond the town ; but that, too, would have Ih'cii impossible, inasmuch as the room was occupied by at least a diiien persons in ndilition to myself. Finally, though quite alive to the disastrous consequences of delay, I learned to yield to eireuin- stanccs over which I jKiisessed no control; and during tho whole of the 10th, lltli, and part of the 12th, I con- tinuetl a close prisoner. rilAI'TER XIV. In the mean while, rumour after rumour, touching the state of nffiiirs both In front nnd renr, poured in upon us, ns rivers whose Iwnks are cut asunder inundate a level district. One day we learned that the American army was in close pursuit of Hurgoyne, whiim it was nmiHGii. VI inir to surround in a position which he had assumed nil the heights alMive Saratoga. Ily and by, we were infiirined that (lenernl Kellmves, with a brigade nf one thousand five hundred nun, had >insard the Hudson, ami taking \mM at the t'nrd by which the Hritish must lie- eess.irily cross, cut them otV I'mm all elianee of retreat by the mute whiih they had fnllmved in ndvaneing. Next it was nsserteil, not only that Kort ICdward, but that Fort George, the Carrying-plneea nnd Tieonderogn itM-ll' hud fallen, nnd that eviTy avenue of esea|><< was eflict- iially blocked up against Ih* ill.falid invaders. All these rumours oeensioned, as you may wi II lielieve, extravagant rrjiiieings nmiing the men by whom I was surrounded ; hut there eame in one at last wliieli nn'eeteil them very (lilfireully, and rendered nu' more than ever desirous of rseaping, if I could, Iriuii my detestable prison. It might Is- alsiut three or four o'eloeU in the nfl. i noon of the Uth, when n erowd of enuiitry people enhnil the town, with iiilelligenee that n formidable i «(H'dili Isith of land and nnvol rorecs, was advancing frnyi New York. Forts Montgomery and Clinton had both lieen carried by assault ; Fort Constitution, abandoned by its garrison, wijp taken possession of; ond Governor Clinton, the rcpublicim commandant on the station, being unable to hold his ground, there was nothing in the way to pre- vent the Hritish leader from pushing tlirect ujion Albany. Great, indeed, was the consternation which this report occasioned, of tho correctness of which no one appeared to entertain a doubt ; indeed to such a hi ight was the alarm carried, that preparations began iinmcdi.itily to be made for the evacuation of the place. The confusion attendant upon these proceedings pre- sented to me at length the opening for which 1 hnil so long panted. Our guards, more anxious to hear the news, than careful of the trust reposed upon them, not only abandoned their posts, but lull every door open. Medical men, nurses, and attendants were all agape; and the very sick themselves, such of them, at least, as were at all able to move, went abroad in search of par- ticulars which they had no means of learning within. I saw my opportunity at once, ond I hesitate. danger immediately nt hnnd, I trmlged on at once more leisurely nnd in bttler spirits, determined to halt no where, ns long ns my limbs would perform their duty. It was a lovely night. 'l"he moon shone with uneommnn brillinney in a sky clear nnd cloudless, nnd the nir, quiet ns the breathing of nn infant nsleep, senreely moved the folia>.r, whii h in great abundance shaded the rond. My route, too, lay through a district, the singularly beautiful and romantic oppenr. nnee of which could not 1m' eontemplnted, < ven in my present perilous situation, with indilVerrure. I need srnreely remind you, that the rnnd from .Mbnny to U'ekt. jMirt, in what are called the .leisey higliliinds', rnnduels the trnrrlier in a direction exnrtly parallel with the eoiirsn of the Hudson — stretching sometimes slniig the very mar- gin of the rivsr, nnd nrver divrrglng above half a mllo (Vom its bank. Along this rnmnntle rend, and ihrniigh this romnnth' eountrv, I held my eours'. Tlirrr wns a perfici silencK arouiui me, whleh neltlur the whis|H'ring of leaves, nor the inimiitoiiiiiis rush of water, could In' said with strhi proprlitv to dislurli. fi u- nnd fnr betwi rii were the hii. mnn Imliitatlons uliirh 1 passed, in nune i.f wliieh the liiiiilesl symptiiin of living iiihnbitanls could le discerned ; nny, I Irnversed several villagrs, without mirting with a : i fm p 6r> SARATOGA. if 1 §, ■ »■ .r' 'ii **». s..lit;iry travi Ikr, nr liolioldinjf the glimmer of a solitary taiH-r ill a siiifjlo duilliiig;. As 1 piir.-iKil my journey at a tolerably bri.sk pace, halting hut rarely, and tlieii only for a few minutes at a tiuic, 1 caleuLiti'd that full tliiity miles had been acconi. plislied when the first streaks of dawn showed them- silves. I was then approaehiii^ a village, the iiunie of which I a'lerwards ascertained to be Looneiiburgli ; and feelini; both c.vhanstcd and hungry, I determined, aftci a few minutes spent in deliberation, to ask lor shelter and food from some of its inhabitants. I accordingly pushed forward, so as to enter the place ju^tt as the sun rose ; and seldom have I beheld a more attractive scene tlian his early rays rendered visible. The hamlet itself consisted of about ten or twelve dwell- ings, constructed, after the manner of the country, en- tirely of wood. It was iinpiissiblc to look upon the sur- roundina; sciMie without contrasting painfully the condi- tion of the district as it now stood, with what it proba- biy would become, in case my mission |)roduccd its de- sired ctVeet. However wcil-disposcd the liiider of an in- vading foretf may bo, niid I did not doubt that our com- mander was disposed to protect tlie eounlry to the ill- most, it is nrjt, as I well knew, practicable to hinder the followers of an army, if not the army itself, from com- mitting act.H of outrage and raiiine ; and I sickened as 1 thoiiglii of the ruin v('iiieli, in all probability, hung over a »|xit at present so nourishing. Nevertheless, this was no time for the indnlgenco ot' feelings, very amiable, no doubt, t':ongh not very profitable. 1 suppressed mine ahnort as suoii as they arose, and walking Ibrward to the cotlagi' which stood lUrthest in the direction of my route, 1 knocked loudly lor a(hiiis.~ion. It liad striKtk nic as somewhat remarkable, that though every other living thing was ah rt and on the move, nol n human being seemed awake when I enleiid the village. IVrnons whose habits correspond with those of the in- li.ibitants of liOonenburgh, seldom lie in Isd after the sun has ri.;eu ; and hence it was not without surpri.se that 1 found myself uu.sahited as I traversed the common. My asloni-hiiient was, however, greatly increased, when, after knocking re]H'Bledly, no iiolice was taken ol the signal ; and I came at last to the conclusion that the iilace was aliandoned. With this impression on iiiy mind, ' was about to resume my progress 'hen accidentally Icwking up, I U'lield a luimnn eounti nance peeping at me, with evident eaiition, iVooi behind u uindow curtain. I waved my hand to make the individual aware that his proceeding had been ili^lected; and shouting loudly that J was a traveller sorely in want of rest and refreshment, 1 stold man presented himself with a ready invliaiion lor nil.' to entir. I was not ' low in accepting it, liiii fol- lowed my conductor at one 1 into a sung parlour, where I'le mcaiu of satisl\ iiig hunger were s|ieedily m t before me. Ai noon as the cnivings of apixtite were removed, I began to ipieslion my liost as to the eau.seof his own ap- prehciision-i in partienlir, and the diserted apjK'aranee of the village in general, lie aiuweitd cautiously and with apparent reluctance, throwing out hints of danger from all iiide.<, and i injiloying the expression "the ene- my" in bo many eontrailielory fashions, that it was iui- possihli to guess to whieli pally hi' inleiuli d it to apply; iiut I gatlicii d prelly well, that thc^ |H'ople of Loonen- burgli dreoMril the republican, not Irss than they feared tliR royal troops, and more than half HUs|H'eted, that in their liearti they wire loyali-ls. The most aei-eplable intelligenee, liowi ver, which I olitained from him was, that a llei't niid army, under (ieiieial \'auglian and Com- iiiudore Wallaie, were in sneeesvfnl and rapiil progress up the llud'.on, und that their arrival t.l Irfsnu'iibnrgh itself might Ik- cxjmm ted by the morrow nt tiie latest. No time wan gr.mled to ipic.-li m (he evidi'iiee n|H>n whii h the above ruuiour resleil, ere it received a diiei I mid most ime.\|H'eled eonfirm ition. 'I'he old man was yet s|H>akiiig, wluii the roar id' a ilislani eiinnoimde In'- wuiiii aiidibli , whii'h lie jironouneeil al oiiei' to arise from nn iittaek by the llrilltli Ni|Uudi'oii ujion tliii Aiiiericaii works at Asopii«. I cannot prileml to ilcserllK- I he elVei I which thai mn«< aiibliniii of all earthly soiiinls produced ii|Nin ine. I ipr'tn^r to mv fivt with energies supernatnriillv renew, rd, and thrusliog n piece of money into my hosCs hand made rrndy on the inslniil to piir'nr my joiirnev. What hnd I now lo fear ' Ten miles of hvej ronil alone di vided me from the great jroal of my wishes; and if . ir Imie otil^ rurnurcd m« a^ the liiul hitherto dofic, llieae would be compassed within the space of three hours ut the farthest. The old man watched my proceedings with a subdued but sagacious look, and penetrated, be- yond a question, into iny character and designs in a mo- ment — tliough he said iiolliing to imply this, but wish- ing me u pleasant journey, led inc to the door, and deli- berately bolted it after me. With a step light and buoyant, in spite lof the fatigues of the iirevious night, 1 pressed forward. Five minutes' walk carried nic clear of the village; and 1 was already half way across the cultivated land, when accidentally looking bock, I beheld, to my horror and dismay, a party of nionnted soldiers advancing along the road behind nic. That I became visible to them at tlie same moment, there was no cause to doubt ; for though when I first caught sight of them they moved leisurely and at a vraik, they immediately jiut their horses to a trot, and rode towards inc. What was to be done ? Had this accident occur- red at almost any other point, I might have found shel- ter in the woods, and there baffled pursuit; but now I was in the middle of an open plain, to traverse which, before I should be overtaken, up|>ear(d impossibte. De- spair, however, gave me courage. I knew that should I fall into their hands nothing could save me. 1 deter- mined to make one cflort for my own preservation, and I ran with all the speed of which 1 was master towards the nearest thicket. I had no sooner i|uickcned my pace than a shout arose, which, beyond all ipirstion, marked me as the object of hot and desixrate pursuit. This, fertile first moment or two, acted as a stimulus to fresh exertions ; but tlie race was a very une(|ual one, for I was worn down with past e.vertiims, enfeebled by my sutfcrings in the hospital, and ipiilc inea]>able of keeping long at the toji of iny speed. Already I heard the clattering of horses' hoofs in my rear, which approached every iiirt.int ne'arer and nearer, whilst the friendly thicket towards which my stejiswcre turned seemed to increase rather than diminish il - di.stance from me. I became des|)erate. 1 looked Ixhiiid — the nearest dragoon was within two hundred yards of me, whilst the wood was fully live hundred ahead ; and as niy strength and breath were both rapidly failing, 1 gave myself up for lost. At this moment a chance ap|ieared, taint, in- deed, but still within the possibility of attainment; and I grasped at it. A shallow ditch, or rather drain, ran through the middle of the field across which 1 was run- ning, and by bending a little to tlie left, 1 saw that I could interpose a hedgerow between me and my pursuers. I did so, and no sooner shut tliem out from sight than I plunged into the drain. There I lay pressed closely to the bottom, my |ierson being barely screened by the low edges, in a state of feeling which my imagination itself c iiinot now conjure u]i, t'or less my [lowers of description delineate. I had barely time to act thus, when tlie tininiler of lorses' hoofs lieeame more and more terrible. Voices, too, were heard in loud and triumphant cliunour, till the whtde troop swept by within filleen feet of the sjiol where I lay. How I listened to the receding noise of the chase I with what an agony of joy my heart beat, as it became every instanl less audible 1 till at last I ventured lo look lip, anil received the assurance that my pursuers were gone. .Now then was the time for me to act. I did not dare to rise, beeaiiso I saw at a glance, that any altempt to Iravi rse the o|ien country must expose me, in lase (d' their return, to immediate detection; but judging fiiiTii the direction ill which it ran that the drain would lead to the ri\er, I resolved to lidlow it. I neeordiiigly dragged myself along upon my belly a distance of |M'r- liaps a ipiarter of a mile, moving with extreme caution and no little diilieully ; and my luL uirs were amply re- eomiH'nsed by the loiieliisioii to which they h'd. I had it been niistaken as to the termination of the drain. Il not only ended at the river, as I hud sup|H>sed it would, lint condiii'led me to a s|iot where a small lioat, with a couple of oars, lay moored to the stumpof a tree. In an instant the cord which taslened it was cut ; in the next I sprang into it ; iiiid plying the oars with all my might, I was soon far iHyoiiil the reach of my moimteo piirHiiers. Hiieli was the last adventure worth recording, which befell me during this mi'iiioralde campaign. Thu Hud- son having 'wen clean cl of all Amerlcnn eran,by the re- |Hirled ndvaiK c of the llritlsli sipiadron, I met with no interruption during my s.dllary voyage, and I reached Kingston in salitv a litlli' Isd'ore immhi, In (Vonl of whlili Commodore Wallace lay at niiehor. I was reeelved by both the naval niid military commanders with the eonsi. deriitioo wliieh I hud reaHoii to i'x|H'et IVoiii th< in. ^ly eredeiiliala were eKniuined niid approved, my story lis. Ilened lo with patience, mid n promise iiinde Ihnt (•eiierni Ilurir « iie'H reqiilallioii would Iki ntUndnl to In due time. I'lnit time, however, never arrived. The 13th h«d hrcji consumed in the capture of Kingston; the 14th Was de. voted to its destruction ; the 15tli was sjK-nt I know n<; how ; and on the IGth orders to march on the morrof. were issued ; but before that morrow came, the last oft in this humiliating drama had been acted. Authcnilr intelligence reached the general, of the treaty which rin. dercd Burgoyne and his brave army conventional priscn ers to the Americ/.ns ; and he returned with all possilj, precipitation, crest-fallen and humiliated, to New York. E.NO OF SAnATOOA. From Sir Richard Phillips'* " MiTlion 'ifVacUr The dwarf JefTry Hudson, wa« 3 feet 9, and Count Uo. rowlaski 3 feet 4 inches. A female who in 1829 was 42 years of age, and refid. ed at Pynacrc near Delph, had, from disease, not eaten any thing since 1(118, nor drank any thing since lb'% Total exhaustion was prevented by damp wrappers. In 1800, a French prisoner at Liverpool exhibited j most extraordinary propensity to devour nauseous did. particularly cats, of which in one year he cat 174, manj of them while alive. All Esquimoux boy, snpplicti Iiy Captain Parry, cat iu one day 10.) lbs. of solid food, and drank of variiiu> liquids 1^ gallon. A man of the same nation eat 10 lljs of solids, including two candles, and drank 1} gallon, yet they were only from 4 to 4J feet high. During the last great plague in London,.ono pit wat dug ill the Charter House, 40 feet long, IG feet wide, end 20 feet deep, and in a fortnight received 1114 bodiis During this dire calamity, there were instances of ino. tlicrs carrying their own children to tiiesc public graves; and of people delirious, or in despair for the losii of friends, who threw themselves alive into tliese pits. Dr. I.cttsoin ascribed health and wealtli to water, onii hnppiness to small beer, and all diseases and crimes In the use of spirits : making of tlie whole a moral thci. mometer. The Abbe Uallani ascrilics all social crinus to animal destruction, tlius — treachery to angling and ensnaring; and murder to hunting and shooting ; and Ik asserts " that tlic man who would kill a sheep, an ox, « any unsuspecting animal, would kill his neighbour, bul for the law." Among the mammalia, man only has bat one thumb. Such is the force of education, and bo much are rmii what the habits of infancy make them, that in spite <>, the conceits of the English, when Flirida was ceded in England by a treaty with Spain, in 17()9, the whole of the Spanish |iopulation left tlie province and towns, exropt one ill a single town and another single in the woodf. The same feeling was exemplified by some inhahitanu of Nova Xenibln, who, nn being brought to Denmark, niiil clothed and fed with every luxury ofeivilization,»o pined t'or their return to their own inhospitable desert, tlint some of them died liefore they could be sent back. Sonic thing like this strong prhiciple doubtless governs birds and animals in their return to their native Iiaunli. Thf hxKtn and Ex/iinlt (if lianilitli and Robberi m all part) of the world. Dy V. Macfari.am. Esq^ aulliw of "Constantinople in lH2il," and "The >. imance of Italian History." This is the attractive titlu of a work just received t'rom London, from which the render wUI be led to ex|>ect much entertainment — nor will he k entirely disap|Hiinted, though it contains a large poilinn of what may be called speeimcns of book-making. \\» shall oll'er to our readers soon the most Interesting parti of the work. Mrmoirtnf Hiirlrnte Ih.iuharnaif, DuchetiofSl. Lm, hUQiieiii of lloUand. — In preparation, and will shortly In< published in this work, " Memoirs of ilortense Ik-aii- harnais, Diichcss of St. Leu, Kx-(|ueen of Holland, and wil'e of Louis Ilonnpurte," traiisUted from the Freiicli expressly fur tliv " Circulating Libraiy." First Anicri. can edition. So many applications have been mndo fur anolJivr of .Miss Martiiieau'a |H.eeonoiiiiesl tales, that we iluH devote part of an early numls'r lo n llivoiiralde siH-einifii of her style and miiiinrr of treating «n intricate subject. SOTi ' Aiilll " Cainl A TOUIl THROUGH SOUTH HOLLAND. fi7 d. The 13tli li»d liccn ston; the I4tli V!as dc. 1 was BiH'nt I know n'l march on the morrov. rrow came, the last net )cen acted. Authcntii )f the treaty which nn. iiy conventional primn. urncd with all possiU, liliated, to New Yurk. XIA. '' Million of Facts." 3 feet 9, and Count lio. years of age, and ictii. from disease, not eaten any thing since lfc^20 jy damp wrappers, t IJvcrpool exhibited a 1 devour nauseous did, ! year he eat 174, ninnj )y Captain Parry, eat iu and drank of variuui same nation eat 10 IIk , and drank 1} gallon, feet high. In Londun,.ono pit wat t long, IG feet widc,i^nil t received 1114 bodits. ; were instances of mo- k to tliese public graves: air for the loss of iVieiuls, tliese pits. nd wealtli to water, anil diseases and erimrs to lie wliolc a moral thcr. Bcriljcs all social crinict caehcry to angling and ig and shooting ; and lit d kill a sheep, an ox, or kill his nciglibour, but ily has bnt one thumb, nd so much are mni them, that in spite r,i . Flirida was ceded [i< in 17B!), the whole of inec and towns, exeopt single in the woeilf. by some inhahituiiu ought to Denmark, and feivilizati'forti locations and others on the same side of the Scheldt, -^ while King William refused to concur in such an ar- : rangcmcnt In consequence of this refusal, France and J,' England resolved on compulsory measures to give Leo- 'i pold possession of the disputed territory ; France en- •j. gaging to send an army by hmd to reduce the forts, while > England was to co-o|ierat(! by sea, blockade the Scheldt, ' and indeed all the forts of Holland. It is well known that these combined armaments have succeeded in taking the citadel of Antwerp by siege after a vigorous resi.*taiiee, and that the P'rench are pushing their army along the river to force the remaining obstacles to the completion ' of the compact made at the conference. Whether tlie I king of Holland will retain a belligerent attitude after t these misfortunes, or whether he will lie aided in further ; op|)oaitioii by Prussia or Russia, remains to be seen. — Ed, PREF.VtE. Our family \mily of six [MTsons, with a male servant, , set out from Lnnilon, with the inteiitiim of making tin i tour of the soiillieni provinces of Holland, — iif luieendln;; j llie Uhine (is liir lis Mayenee, — theiiec^ I'i'ying n visit lt, drawn up iVoni note* taken on thu s|hi| by oiio of the party, and now published in the hoiic that tliey may prove of sonic use to future travellers. CHAPTER I. IX).NDON TO ANTWKlir. On the Gth of August, wc embarked at Deptford, in a sailing yacht, with our little family party, bound tcir the Scheldt, and from thence wherever chance might direct us, uniler a pledge, however, not to exceed the time of one month from the day of embarkation. We dropped down the river with the tide, the wind at cast, the weather beautiful ; but night coming on before wc could get over the Jlut!, as they are called, we anchored in Whitstalile Bay. In advancing to this, the younger part of the family in |>articular were greatly amused by the lumi- nous apjiearance of the sea, which liapjiencd to be more than usually brilliant in this climate. They compared the train of light, which flashed from the sounding line, to the tail of a comet. Every body began to philosophise on this phenomenon, and we young ones in particular were naturally inipiisitivc as to tho cause of such an ap. [learoiice, which, wc were told, is not of very common occurrence in this temperate climate; and that, when it does occur, is not any thing like so brilliant as within the tropics : — there, we were informed, it is awfully grand. <-)n the 7tli, with a fine south-westerly breeze, wc got under weigh at about six in the morning, reached the North Forehmd at eight, and were at anchor in Flushing Roads, directly lieforc the town, at seven in the evening, having run about one hundred miles in thirteen hours It was our intention to have landed the following morning nt Flushing, our object Geiiig principally to in- spect the dockyard, besides which, wc were given to un derstaiid, there is not much to attract the notice of strangers in this to\»n; and indeed, the only objects in the naval arsenal, that we exiseted to derive iiincli grati- fieatiim from viewing, were some large roofs under which ships are constructed, and which towered high above the mud banks thai defend the town from the incursions ol' the sea, and far above all other roofs, that of the church alone excepted. Of these coverings for shi|)8 wc could sec three, which appeared, when viewed from without, to be similar to tlic same kind of buildings in all our dock- yards. Tiie morning, however, was so windy, and the sea before the town so rough, from the cx|iosure of the roadstead to the North Sea, that wc did no* tliink it worth a wetting to attempt tno shore. It was, besides, desirable not to lose the advantage of a young tide up the Scheldt, which had turned at six o'clock this morning. We tlierelcire weighed anchor a little licfore seven, nnd pro- eiH'ded at the rate of twelve miles an hour up this mag- iiificeiit river. I'liisliiiig exhibited no external appearance of eomnier- cial bustle. A Dutch eighteen gun sloop, and some hall' dozen ships of a small class, were lying in the road, and almut as many a little higher up, op|)osile the fort called the Rammakins. Between this tort and Flushing we ob- served two or three new martello towers, that are siip- |H>sed to give n more complete eommnnd of the rnlrance of the Seheldt, which is here at least three miles in width. Wr observed some artillerymen firing at a mark, on n rtoaling buoy, from one of the forts of the town, tlie oiily symptom that displayed itself of military cvislenw along the banks of tliis beautiful river, each siile of which, and without interruption, exhibited the more griilifying rlfeets of |K^aeefiil nnd lalmrious industry. It was not witliont reason, |H'rhaps, that tin' Diileli had lieen Blrengthening the works at Flushing, eniisidering the lesson they reeeiveil, in the course of tlic last war, ol Ihe total ineHicieney of those that then existed, assisted as they were by the op|iosite biitti ries of ( 'ndsalid, to prevent the passage of the S<-heldt by a vigorous and de- teriiiined enemy, 'I"he distance across apiN'urs to 1m' Isirely two miles and a half, though caMed three i yet on Ihe oeeasion of our memorable ex|iedilion under I,ord Cluitlmni, which, by a strange misadventure, look reftige iu the easlrrn iiislenil of the western Scheldt, nnd got into whiil Sir Home I'oiihnm eaMed the Risim|iot (literally eream|Mit,) Lord William Stuart, in the Lnvinia, willi nine oilier frigates, forced this passage through n i-rossfire of llie enemy iVoin the two aides, with the loss only of two or three men in iIk' whole, The wind was light, and tin lido against him, and the whole of the trigntes w.re under (he fire of the hnlleri<'s from the two sides nearly two liiiiirs, vet lliry passed almost wholly untoiielied by the riiemy's shot, 'i'lial fide of the island of Walelieren, which fnees the sen, is defended igninst the eiieroaehments of llial ek nieiit by one eontlniied wall or ridge of high sand hills, interrupted only nl West Cnpi'l, where nn arlifleiiil dyk^ has been raised to Ihe height, it is snid, of thirty feet, and defended in a very ingenious and extraordinary manner, 'i'his nrlifieial barrier is of to much imisjrlanee, that, on its stability, tlie safety of the whole island may be said to de|Hnd, Vt the [Kiiiit of the i.^iland where Flushing is situated, a strong wall of ma.sonry protects the town against the sea ; nnd the side facing the Scheldt is eiiilmiiked with great care, and its repair e\idcntly ke]it up at an enor- mous e.tiK'nse. Kmbaiikiiieiits or dykes of tlie same kind are carried along both banks of the river ; and nt the base of each i.( thrown out a barriir of stones and stakes to protect the higher ramparts of earlli ; and ll.e.^e again are covered with great cure and ingemiily with a kind of thatch, consisting of lic.in-stnbble or strnw The stones nt the base are soiiietiines thrown into a kind of a wicket or basket-work of withy twigs, nnd the whole kept to- gether by ropes m;ide of the suiiic material, and inter- woven with rushes; nnd where the current or the tide sets strongest, rows of stakes or pules are driven iiito the sand, to act lis breakwaters for the protection of the bate of the sloping bank, which receives a further consistente by iK'ing grown over with grass, on the gently sloping sides of which very fine cattle may be seen grazing, many of which are liandsouiely spotted. These dykes, and their siijiporting enibankinents, mo seen in great perfection along the shores of South lieve- laiid, the island next to Waleheren, nnd one of Ihe most lieautiful nnd ferlile territories of Holland; tliat is to say, lieantiful for its cultivation nnd its lertility in nil kinds of grain, mudder, pulse, lieiiip, rape, and llnx ; in its nbnii- (lance of orchards of nppks, pears, cherries, nnd plums ; in the number of its villages, tiliiated in the midst of trees, but, lo the navigator of tlit^ riv( r, known only to exi.-t from the freiiiieiit spires of churches that are seen to rise in every diiettion out of the woods. Even in those villages that are eliwe to llit^ banks, seldom is nny part of the houses visible, except Ihe eliiiniieys and the tiled roofs : but a church spire in the midst of trees, nnd I windmill erected on the bank or some artilieiul niouiil, the iH'ttcr to cr.tcli the breeze, nre sure indicalions of the co-existence of a little Immlet with tho^c conspicuous object?. In various parts of the shores of the river, in addition to the regular embnnknienls, are small breakwaters of stonework, thrown out at right angles into the stream, intended to guard the dykes iigain.st the shneli of Healing limlier or vessels, lint more piirtienliirly against the ninsses of ice which float down in the winter se.ison. These stones nre nil brought hither, by water coiiveyniKe, from the neighbourhood of Brussels, ns not n pebble of any description is to be found in nny of the Zealand Islands, nor in the northern provinces of Belgium. The general surl'iee, in liict, on both sides of Ihe river, is Is - low the hvel of the high water iiinrk, so thnt n vast ex- lent of fertile country has nctuully been rescued from the sea by human laliour and ingenuity. It is evident, lliere. fore, that unless due precautions were taken ngainst the breaking in of the sen, which not mifreipiently hapjiens, the whole country wonhl be subject to inundalion, and revert to its ancient state of usiless sterility — nltiTiialely a siinily marsh nnd a sheet of water. This is, in fact, what has actually hnpiiminl to tlin eastern side of this very Isl.ind of South Bevelnnd, where, nt low water, there is a v^st extent of sand, wliirh the Dutch have named ' Vendriiken land,' or land swal- lowed up by the sea. To obviate n disaster of such fatal iiii|s)rt, innumerable inland dykes are eonslrueled in evi ry direction, not rl, mill the water is said to have stooil iis high ns the ro< n raised lo fill lip the lirenili. Tlie ex|«'ii«e iiiiisl have ts'cn enormous, bill llii' snltntioii at' Ihe wholr Hlaiids of Wiilelicreii may Is' said lo defD'nd on its stability. In nil these banks several slniees nre eoiistriietcd, by iiie:iiis of whieli Hie iiihnbilnnls linve not only the power of letting mit the water from the Minds, biitulto oflttting •I- « ■ ■:< f h~ '^' ■I, *■ ■ I? !■ '.f -f « 68 A TOUR THROVCII SOUTH HOLLAND. 'n that of tlie river or the sea, in the event of an cm my invading the country ; and oy tliis des|)cratc measure to make it impossible lor him to remain ; but this is an ad- vantage gained only at the expense of an intlictiun ol general misery and distress, amounting very nuarly to complete ruin. Tlie masier of our vessel was well acquainted ivitli every ]iart of the river, but we were comixjUed to take a Dutcli pilot, for the sake, of course, of paving him his fee. We were desirous, in proceeding, to kce|) close to the northern cliannci on the Dutch side, along the sliores of Bcveland, but the pilot made several objections, wliich our master knew to bo perfectly frivolous ; liis only avowed reason, on Iwing pressed, was, that the king did not like it — and as in such cases, wlien atat jiro ratiune volunlai, and when we arc told that le roile veut, it would be folly to resi.- 1, we stood over to Terneuse on the south- ern side. I'Vom this place a fine canal has recently been ojKjned the whole way to (Jhcnt, of the deptli of sixteen feet, which, while it admits sliips of very considerable burthen, acts as a drain to the surrounding country, through which it passes. At Terneuse it conunmiieates with the Scheldt, by two separate sluices or locks. 'I'l water communication is of the greatest importance, both te Brabant and Holland, by opening a direct intercourse between Antwerp and other principal towns of Uelgiiim, and to the latter country, through various channels of communication, with Dort imd lintterdam. In proeeeding up tlie Scheldt, it is im|)ossiblc not to he struck with the simple means by which tlic Uutch have succeeded in producing the same cft'ect, though, perhaps, in a smaller degree, for which in England we launch out into the most extravagant expense. Nothing can exceed the economy practised in the construction of thoir flood-gates, and the wooden piers in which their sluices are placed ; a species of hydraulics, that witli us are generally formed of the most costly workmanship in masonry, ilaving no stone in this country, but what must come to them from the banks of the .Aleusi^ or the Rhine, necessity has driven tluiin to the use of other ma- terials, and itii place is erticicntly supplied by tlie less costly, though less durable, article of wood. On tlic muddy sliores and the sand banks of the Scheldt, left bare at low water, whole shoals of seals may generally lie scon in dillereiit attitudes, some playing about and wallowing in the mud, wliile others are stand- ing upright, as if watching to give notice to their coiii- poiiions of any danger that may be approacliiiig. 'I'liese cre.tures arc possessed of a high degree of cunning, and not easily to be caught napping ; the usual mode of' tak- ing them is by setting a long range of nets below the surface of the high water line, so as to adiii'* them Ireely Bt th.it time of tide to the shores or banks ^f the river ; over which m^ts, as the watiT falls, they are unable to pass, and are tliuis caught in the same manner tin; in habitants place rows of twigs, with nets lictwecn tliciii, the more readily to cateli various kinds of fish, which by first encountering the dilHculty of passing through the twigs generally fall into tho nets between them. The distance from Flushing to Antwerp is reckoned, by the bending of the river, to b« sixty-two miles, wliich our little yacht eflcctcd in fifo hours aitd a half, and would with case have doue it In five hours, had thu wind uot failed us in tlie narrow part of the river, just above Lillo. The apiiearaneo of tho ancient city of Aiitwcrp becomes here an interesting object, and the more im|«)K- iug the nearer wc approach it along the last reach of thi Sclicldt ; nor will the traveller leel any disapimiiitiiieiit on his arrival before this great commercial jiort of tlie Netherlands. At the same time it must lie confessed there was no thing on this noble river, either in our progrcHs up it, or before tho city, that conveyed any impression of an ac- tive or cxtunsivi' cominorei'. In sailing up or down the Thanii.'s, or in approaching lioiidon within four or five miles — in the fir^t ease, tile multitude of sliipping, of all descriptions from, the largest Iiidiamen to the deep l.ideii birge scarcely emerging from the water, crossing and recrossiiig each other in every |>ossiblo direction — in tlie second, those lying in close contact, tier after tier, for several miles below the first bridge of the mitro|«ilis, nf- ford indications not to lie mistaken of the eoinmen jal wealth and prosperity of London. Dut the Scheldt, when wo ascended It, was a vacant river; we mithiT met nor overtook n single sail, and with the exception of soiiii! ten or Iwi'Ive small vcssiIh, mostly brigs except two nr three American Hhips, therc^ wiis tilths npisiiriiiKi' of trade along the rtiniiiMin ipiay of Antwerp, lint a ureal mim- U'r of vessels wiTc} lying in the small harlimirs that branch out from the river, anil in the two large basins, Antwerp, however, is a fine old city. It is iin|HHiKible to enter tlirough an ancient gateway into its narrow streets, bounded by lofty houses, with their high gable (lids or pediments of several stories of windows, and as- cending by steps on itacli side to a |>oint, without being attracted by tluir grotesque but, at the same time, |)ic- turesfiue appearance. Indeed, their novel and fanciful shapes are much more attractive than the more recent and wider streets, with their more spacious houses, niaiiy of which are not inferior to any that are met witli in Lon- don. The Rue de la Mer, which had formerly a coiial down the middle, like those which are generally met with in a Dutch town, but is now filled u|), appears to be as wide as Portland Place, and from the variety in the architec- ture of its houses is infinitely more picturesque and striking. In this street is the cominoclious hotel of Le Grnvd fjiiliouieur, in which wc took up our (|uarters ; and in it also is the palace of William I., a handsome building enough, but nothing remarkable, being little better than a common sized house of tlie first class, the ajHirtinents surrounding a quadrangle. In fact it bilonged to one of the merchants of the town, but was purchased and fur nished for the use of Bonaparte and his generals, when he should happen to po^s this way. It certainly has no pretensions to the name of palace. It consists of two suites of six or seven small rooms, some without any otiicr furniture than a deal table, and a ihw of tho com- moiiest chairs, and others entirely without furniture of any kind, i f tlic present royal family shoidd remain a day or so at Antwerp, which they have not yet conde- scended to do, there is a bed fitted up in one of the suites of apartments for the king, ajid another in the op|>osite side for the queen, but their atteiidanta must shift for themselves, and sleep on the floor, unless timely notice be given to prepare lor better acrummodation tlian this palace at present affords, thi expressing some surprise to the yomig woman who showed us round, that it should be left in so unfurnished a state, she readily observed that, " if Xa|X)leoii had remained their sovereign, it would soon have l>een furnished, and that right well too." Antwerp, though still a place of very considerable trade, has had the misfortune of IxMng stripped of its splen- dour and pros|)erity on several occasions. Her merchants were at one time the most wealthy body of men in Eu- rope. As an illustration of this, a story is told of one .loliii Dacns, who lent to Charles V. a nuUion of gold, to enable him to carry on his wars in Hungary, for wL'ch he obtained the royal bond. The enqicror, on his return, dined with the uicrchant, who, after a most sumptuous entertuinment, produced the Imiid, not, however, for pay- ment, but to burn il, which he is said to have done in a tire made of the chips of cinnamon. The griatest blow which the prosperity of this city received, was in consequence of the treaty by which the navigation of the magnificent river, on the right bank of which it is situated, was prohibited. It is said that An- twerp before this conluined not Icwcr tlian two hundred thousand inhabitants, and had sometimes two thousand ships and vessels lying in the river, and its harbours and its basins. The former are now reduced to less than sixty thousand, and the latt<'r to at most two hundred. The town had before this treaty Ix'cn sacked and set on fire by the infamous Alva, when six or seven thousand of its iiiliabilanls ore said to have |>crislicd: and tlie third, and last time, that its pros|)erity suffered a severe blow, was occasioned by the overthrow of Bonaparte, when his grand design of making Antwerp the greatest naval ar- senal in the north of Kuropc fell with its projector. His plans for this |)ur|H>se were undertaken on an immense scale ; but they were by no mi'ans deserving those ex- travagant encomiums that were bestowed on them while in their progress, 'I'lie two basins arc undouliledly plunned with great skill, and exeriited with excellent workmanship. They are eonveiiienlly enlend from the river, well protected by the guns of the eitadid, commu- iiieuti' with each other by a stout pair of iron gates, and another nair connects them willi tlie river. I'or the se- curity of shipping in the winter months these basins are admirably adapted ; and tho old East India House, a gnat rtanee to the town, and on that account solely liny es Frigates ; and, in trust, 7 Sail of the line, L :n Sail of the line. Total. I II Frigates, I a Brigs. The ordnance stores, guns and ammunition, were also divided, as well as the timber and other naval stores, the estiinaled value of which exceeded two millions ster. ling. 'I'lius perished tho dockyords of Antwerp, which Bo- naparte had taken so much pains and spent so much money to complete, and which had occasioned so much uneasiness to (ircat Britain. The work of destruction being finished, it next be- came a question as to the demolition of the two fiiio basins, which, however, would have been no easy mailer; at least to such an extent as would have rendered llieiu irreparable. It was calculated that the larger of the two was capable of containing thirty-four sail of the line, and tll(^ smaller one, fijurteen. The reiircsentations of tlit citizens, however, in favour of their lieing suflcrcd to re- main uninjured, as the receptacles of their merchant shipping, and of their vast utility in protecting thein in the winter season against the ice, (which, it seen.*, floats ulKlUt in such large masses that, heretofore, those ol' large dimcnsioni were generally under tho necessity of going up to the anchorage in the Rupel branch of Ihf river, seven miles above Antwerp,) prevailed ; and it was conceded !c the town that these two fine basins should not 1)1! lesl'oyed. All the fortifieafiors, the slorehouscs, the smilherie«, ro|)e-hoUhe, and other buildings connected with the dork- yard e^tabli»hment, were destroyed, but the citadel was siilfcred to remain untouched. Since the establishnifiil of Antwerp as a naval port by Bonaparte, nineteen bail of the line and thirteen frigates had been put upon llu stocks ; and between four and five thousand artificers of dilVerent descriptions were employed in tlie doekyardn. He hail eiiinpuled, a very lillle time before his fall, that ten sail of the line might he launched every year. Il was boasted of, as a great feat, that a thirty-six gun fri- gale bill! been completely finished in one month, with tlir assistance of the galley slaves lo snw the timber. 'I'ln' artificers, (or tlie most part, were soldiers, and tlicir |kiv was made up to three francs per doy. The timltcr wai generully brought by water tiom the ncighbourhund o'' Tournay and (icmappe ; etch piece was lashioncd in llie forest lo the shape and purpose fiir which it was intend I'd. 'I"he cannon and lieavy iron work were sent from the founderies of Liege. To make this naval arseiul eoinplele, it was intended to eonslruet dry docks at llic head of the Inner or large basin, the wall of wbicli, «t that part, still remains unfinished, nr rather, that line of the basin was originally left without masonry. The ri.« and full of the lide, which is from fourteen to sixteen ffft, is highly favourable for the lonstruclion of dry docks, of whii'li, coiivenieiit as they are, and consiili red with ui u indls|)cnsalilc, there is but one or two, at the most, in all Holland; the vast expense, fVoni the nature of the soil, and the lotal want ol stone and other material in thai coimlry, having probably del' rred them from such iin ilirlokiiigs. It is KuppoHiil ti„. a dock for the rcfeptinn of a seveiitv-foiir gun ship emihl not be constructed, in any part of HoIIhikI, or even nt Antwerp, for so little u one himilred lliousaiid pounds. The mnsonrv of the two basins here nihiiled to is virv fine, the walls Isiiig live fiet thick, exclusive of the liinil- ers. The wlioh' of the works executed nt Antwerp hi the Fruiiuh is uiid to hxvo cost tliem two millions stn ling. A TOUR TIIKOUGH SOUTH HOLLAND. f)9 L- ships of war then at e stocks, were — after d, prior to its iiicor|x)- l)ecn given up to tlic so that his most Chris, ds, and the Dutch, in mining third; all those thin a specified time, hing belonging to the oyed. Commissioners :id demolition, amongst c surveyor of the Bri. bllows, viz : 9 c, and 3 stocks,to be broken up. t, in trust, e. immunition, were also I other naval stores, the ;ded two millions ster. of Antwerp, which Bo. :is and spent so mueh ad occasioned so mucii g finished, it next be- ulitiun of the two fine vc been no easy mailer ; uld have rendered thrm lut the larger of the two four sail of the line, and ; rcprcsentutions of the eir being suflered to re- iclcs of tlieir merchant ' in protecting Ihcm in , (which, it seen...-, floats lat, heretofore, tliosc ol' [ under the necessity ol' Kuprl branch of the prevailed ; and it was tine basins should I •d. f,) two nuFcs, the smilheriet, nocled with the (look- but the citadel nai V the establishment onaparle, nineteen bail had been put upon tlu' thousand artificers of ycd in tlic dnckyoritii. me before his full, that Miched every year. Il t n thirty-six gun fri- ill one month, with tlu law the timber. 'I'l soldiers', and tlicir imy day. The timlier wai the neighbourhood o'' was fashioned in llie which it was intend work were sent from ke this naval arsenal ruel dry docks at IIh' le wall of which, «t or rather, that line of it masonry. The rise urieen to sixteen feel, rlion of dry docks, of eonsidi red with us » vo, nt the most, iu al! le nature of the soil, Iher material in lliai them from such iin lock for the ret eplion (il Im' eonslructed, in twerp, fur so little u |ere alluded to is vorv I .xelusive of the liiiiil I'Uted nt Antwerp b> liii two millioiiN slrt *> The great object of these two basins was the security of the Hcet against the floating masnesof ice in the river, during the winter, wiicre it is utterly impracticable for jarge ships, such as those of tlic line, to remain in any thing like security. Before they were ready for the adiflission of the ships that had liecn built, 've understood that twelve sail of the line were sent into winter quarters in the Rupcl branch ,of the river, where, by due precautions of stockades, &,c., they escaped without much damage. But no part of the 'Sclieldt affords safe anchorage for large vessels in the winter season. Even the roadstead of Flushing is at all tinies a wild, txposed anehorage for ships, being ojien entirely to the North Sea, which, in bad weather, rolls in with great im- aetuo,sity. Vast sums of money have been expended at that port to render the defensive works, as they tliought, 'impregnable. The magnitude of our liust expedition, , jioivever, alarmed them ; and it is said that no less than ' five mines were laid, to spring the dykes and inundate •the place, if they found it untenable. Fortunately, liow- vever, for the people of Flushing, we found it more convc. nient to seek for shelter in the Roonipol, and content our- •elves with the possession of the agreeable capital of_ tlie bland, Middelburg, which was assailed and tiiken from another quiirtcr. Flushing, however, did not entirely cs- cape ; and tiie inhabitants say that the mischief done to them by the Knglish, was not made good at a leas ex- pense than twenty-four millions of francs, or about a mil- jTion sterling ; which, in its present desolate and neglected e-coiidition, may bo considered about the purcliase nioiicy jof the fee-simple of the town. Still, it was fortunate to i^ave escaped with so little damage ; for »vhcii the bom- i^bardincnt took place, about one hundred and twenty Jtouses were set on fire ; and, on the evacuation of the llsland, all the public works of Flushing, the arsenal, the tiasiii, the ships of war, the careening wharf and pits, and he storehouses in the dockyard, were either blown up or ifcurnt, or otlierwise destroyed. The Dutch were, ulti. anateiy, in some decree, avenged of this work of destrue. jtioii, by the drcadhil havoc which the Walcheren fever ■jmade among our olficers imd troops. ,; The Seluldt, it r ust Iv admitted, is a magnificent .i'liver, and capable ol receiving comnKxIious naval cstab- Vlishments in v.irious parts of its cDurse. Terncuse, in- ' d.ed, on its Icfl bank, has been considered as preferable ^'to .'Vntwerp, in many points of view, for a naval arsenal ; wiand, among others, on account of its proximity to the \ mouth of the river, and of the depth of water, which is ^ suflicicnt to admit ships of the largest size to lie there with all their guns and stores on board, ready at any iiio- I ment to put to sea, which is not the ease with regard to I Antwerp. Bonaparte was fully aware of this adviuitage, % and had some intention of removing the naval estahlish- 3 ment from Antwerp to Terneuse. \ plan to this elfeet ]i was proixised, which he is said to iiave seized with eager- I ncss ; it contained, among other things, a basin that would % hold sixty sail of the line, from whence they might put to I sea at once, fully equipped in every res|)ect. 1 Fortunately lor the world, and for Great Britain in par- j ticular, his career was cut short in that very imrtion of I Europe, where he bail long cherished his magnificent J plans for our destnu-tion 1 J The demolition of Antwerp, and llie transfer of ship ^ building, anil artificers, and coimnerce, to the iiorts of ']; Holland, was one of the hivivicst blows that could, in re- ■j: cent times, have been inflicted on the inhiibitants of the * foniiiT ; and yet we observed no exlernal symptoms of " dee ly in any part of the town ; the houses were all in- hahiled, and kept in high order i the jieople hustling and eherrriil ; the Bourse daily crowded and noisy ; the shops well slocked, and every apiM'arance of an active trade currying on. This city imist, indeed, from its advaii- t,i(;i'i)us |H)silion, always command a very considerable inliiid tradi", inde|H'iiilenl of what is carried to it by the Sriielill ; and, ns far as ap|M'arances weol, we certainly did iiol observe any visible signs of povcrly among llie inliabitantn. The market.) were most abundantly sup- plied with all the necessaries of lile, and at a cheap rate — cheap as compared with the rale of wages, anil not merely as compared with the prices of similar articles in England. The eominoii people are remarkably well clothed ; and fVoin their quiet and |i|aeid Is'haviour, a •tranger would judge them to lie eonlenled ami happy. It cannot foil to occur to the miiid of an Fnglishnian, while visiting Antwerp, that if we were In reverse the caw, and snpiKww^ it to have Im'cii n [Mirt of England which had siillVred llie iiijurv, as well as llie indignity, of hav- ing mil' of its principal dockyards blown up, and its Heel (wrlilioneil and carried away ehietly by tiir i«id of that very saino jicuplo who come in shmils to visit the country I and take up a residence among them, how very ditTcrent a feeling would have prevailed among, and how very dif- ferent a reception the destroyers would have ex|)erieuced from our countrymen ! for, although we were the cfiief instigators of the blow tliat crushed the very sources of their prosperity, we did not learn, and certainly did not experience, that the citizens of Antwerp ever manifested the least ill will or incivility towards tlie numerous Eng- lishmen that have since visited tlieir port : they ascribe, as in justice they ought, the whole of tlieir misfortunes to the French. There are several very fine old buildings in Antwerji, of a [Kculiar style of architecture, and the houses in ge- neral exhibit every possible f'aiiey in the shapes and oriia- ineiits of their gable ends, many of which are extremely picturesque ; but, with tile exjeptioii of the churches and convents, and the Hotel do Ville, tliero arc few public buildings tliat deserve mueh attention. This last men- tioned ancient structure is situated in the Grand Place, which, however, scarcely deserves the name of a square, and is altogether inferior to another adjoining, called tlie fiace Veil, which, from a churchyard, has been converted into a handsome square, planted with trees and fenced in by posts of blue stone and iron railing. There is something imposing in tlie architecture, and remarkable in tlie general apiiearance, of the Hotel de Ville ; the central part of the front is cased entirely with variegated marble, and ornamented with statues. The whole fai;ade is little short of 3U0 feet. It was once burnt down, and restored, as an inscription tells us, in 1581. We were told that the public library, within tliis building, was o()en every day from nine o'clock till four ; but the extent and value of its contenta were not ascertained by us — being unable to prevail on a cold phlegmatie Dutch- man, the only guardian of the place, to admit us; so that we did not see what little there is to be seon within this externally imposing edilice. We were more fortunate, however, in our visit to the Museum of I'uinlings, in the suppressed convent of Be- collets, lo wliich, though shut up from the public, during the exhibition of pictures by modern artists, we, lieing strangers, found no dilHcuhy of admission. In this collection have been brought together many of the Ix-st pictures which were nt one time in tlu^ several churches and convents of the city ; and among them are a few s|Mieiniens, that may be classed with the most [kt- ect of the numerous iiictures painted by Bubens. 'I'lie .Mii.seum consists of two great rooms. On the right side of the first gallery is the celebrated painting of this artist, ' Christ crucified iK'tween the two thieves," universally iieknowlcdged as one of the most magnificent specimens iif art, both in design and execution, and generally es- teemed among tlie first, if not the very first i>erfbrinance of Kulx'ns. The figure of Christ, " already dead," is that of a per- son who lias departed in calm and tranquil repose, free from all apiiearance of convulsive movement, and con- trasts finely with the hideous distortions of the features of the robber who reproached him, and who is evidently writhing with agony ; and as the executioner, with a bar of iron, is breaking his limbs, we see the convulsive twiteliin';s of every part of his bmly, while the blood trickles down from the foot he has torn from the cross, to which it was nailed. But no pencil, except that of Kii- bens, enuld have painted the heavenly countenance of the iMagdalen, as she looks at the hoiseman pointing his s|)car against our Saviour's siile. " It i,s," says Sir Joshua Ueynolds, " by far Ihe most beautiful profile I ever saw of HnU'iis, or, I think, of any other painter ; the excel- lence of its colouring is beyond expression." It would occupy too much space to describe the whole of this col- led ion. Ill the .Museum are also several good |)ictnre8 of Van Dyk ; but after the eye has feasted on the brilliant colour- ing of KntM'iis, they appear, to a mere amateur, and not one of the cognoscenli, cold and spiritless. There are two or three crucifixions by this master, a Pitta, as it is called, being the dead Christ on the knee of the Virgin, and a few portrait.". That, however, in which Christ is expiring on the Cross, and Catherine of Sienna embracing it, while Saint Dominic is standing in an attitude of con- templation, is esteemed, as it ought to Ix-, a sublime coinposilion, heightened as it is by the dark and agitated appi'aram'e of the elements in the back ground. This pielure formerly Is-longed to the nuns of the order of Si. Dominie. Then- is also a fine |)orfrait by Van Dyk of Cnisar Alexander Scnglia. Of artists of less note there are several good pictures, — some by Seghers, .Jordaens, Old Frank, Martin de Vos, Breughel, Pniirbiis, ("oxte, and other Flemish tnastrrf. AVc had not lim^ nor, indeed, much inclination, after feasting on the rich productions of the old masters in the two galleries of the Museum, to bestow much attention on the pictures of living arti.sts which were now exiiibiting ill two other galleries ; in addition to which was a room appropriated lo statuary figures, at the end of tliat on tlie left of the entrance. There ap|)cared, however, to be many very respectable performances ; and what was sufticienlly encouraging to the progress of art, the rooms were crowded with specta- tors. It is not improbable, from the numerous collections that have been made, and are still making, by individuals, that Antwerp is once more likely to become the scat of the arts for the encouragement of the painters of the Netherlaiuls. 'J'he contest will be between this place and Brussels ; but tlie advantage is on the side of Antwerp, from its )X)ssessing the greatest number, and the finest s|)ccimcns of the first artist that adorned his native coun- try, the celebrated Rubens. 'l"he Cathedral of Notre Dame, even if it were not in |)ossessioii of the chef-d'mnvire of this great master, can- not fait to invite the curiosity of protostant travellers. (Jur i:ext visit was to this fine building, whiac magnifi- cent towers are justly reckoned among the first which exist in the world ; or, more correctly speaking, the tower which is surmounted by a spire ; for though there are two precisely alike, yet only one of tlieni is completed, by having a lofty spire rising from its summit, and making the whole height to be about four hundred and fifty feet, to which may lie added fifteen feet more for tho height of the shaft on which the cross is placed. It is said, indeed, by some of the guide-books to lie five hun- dred feet. The massive tower may reduce the aiipear- aiicc of its height, and deceive tl.e eye; but it certainly docs not ajipear to exceed four hundred feet to the pinna- cle of the cross. The spire is light and elegant, and of the same class as that of Strasbourg and the Town-I.all of Brussels. This noble edifice is said to have taken nearly u century in completing, being commcneed under the direction of an architect of the name of Appclmans in 14"J2, and finished in 151H. One of the towers is fur- nished with a fine set of chimes or carillons, the largest hell of which is said to weigh sixteen thousand pounds. 'I'hc interior of Notre Dame fully corresponds in gran- deur with the exterior. From the great door which is between the two towers, or in oilier words, from the lower extremity of the nave to the op|)Osite end, behind tho great altar, the dimensions are given ns follows : — 'J'he length five hundred feel ; the breadth two hundred and thirty ; and the height three hundred and sixty feel. Of the accuracy of the last dimension there may be some doubt ; and tlie length appears to be somewhat exagge- rated. The columns which support the arcades arc not to be classed, in point of Iwauty, with those of York Cathedral, nor those even of Westminster Abbey ; but what may lie wanting in elegance, or grandeur of design, is amply compensated by the high order and the perfect state of neatness in which every part of the church is kept, and in the beauty of the decorations. The grand altar is a chaste piece of architecture, designed by Rubens ; and facing it, at the lower end of the nave, is a portico of ight cohiinns, which support the loft in which the organ is ]ilaccd, equally chaste and In'aiitiful. 'I'lie pulpit is a fine piece of carved wood, lulioriously and admirably executed by Verbruggen. It is supported by four figures as large as life, hand-in-hand ; and tiie railing of the stciis and other parts are surmounted by birds of various kinds, some of which exist in nature, and others are imaginary ; but Ihe whole of the workmanship is exquisitely beautiful. All the confes donals are fronted with upright figures of different characters, and in difl'er- ent attitudes, all of them highly expressive of the mean- ing which the sculptor intended to convey. In Ihe several eha|H'ls arc various pieces of sculpture in marlile, and paintings by Van Baelen, Dicpcnbeck, Backer, Otto Veiiius, and others; and in one on the right, as we descended from the choir, is a beautiful piece of sculpture in marble, representing Christ crucified. But the most precious and valuable treasures which Notre Dame contains, are two pictures of Rubens, one of which is considered as the rhef.it'aurit of this great master. It is the celebrated " Descent from the Cross," which, of all the numerous works of Rubens, maintains tlie pre- eminence. Sir .loshua Reynold* has recorded his disappointment on first seeing it — not, however, at Iho picture itself, so much ns Ihe manner in which it has bi-en misused by cleaning, botching, and varnishing. Tliis is no doubt true ; but placed where it is, in a very indilTerent and cross light, it will require a skilful and a practised ryo to detect it. He considers the Christ " as one of the Anrrt + ,♦■■ ■ up to the altar. The clTecl was quite theatrical. The platform befori thp altar at tho top of the steps ; tho magniflceiil can- delabra, with lights liiirniiig in then.; tho splciidiil dresses of thcolHciatiiig priests ; their a(ili(ity and rapid movement up and down the steps; tho ringing of the bull, and thr elevation of the host, seen, as it ap|)cared. at an imnuinsc distance through the centre arch, anu lingo oleander shrubs in full flower ranged on each Bide, — had really the efl'drt of a scenic representation, which was not diminished by tlio poaliiig organ, the band of mUKie, and the vocal iiecompaniineni, which landed to keep up to admiration tho jtu dr iliiutre. Tho ina^s Is ing ended, the congregation, consisting cliiofly of women, and, by far the greater number, wo- men uf u certain ago, wore entoi taincd with a coneorl of vocal and iiLitruinintuI music iii aid of the organ, which is considered by the people of Antwerp the very first instrument of the kind in all Brabant, and is, at all events, unquestionably a very fine and powerful organ ; yet a regular band of wind and stringed instruments was stationed in the organ-loft to assist in tho perfornmnec. They played, as we were told, an overture of Mozart. after which some light pieces, which did npt appear to be exactly suited to the solemnity of the place ; but tho object evidently was to please the audience, while the elderly ladies, in particular, were crowding round one of the inferior priests to kiss some relic, which he held in one hand, and wiped with a cloth carried in the other every kiss that this precious article, whatever it might be, received, before it was presented to the next. But this process went on in rapid succession, while, in the mean time, tho tin boxes w.'.re passing round to collect tho grotscn, cents, or stuyDers, from the pool people who had thus been favoured with a holy kiss. On hearing tho lively music, anfi the cflecl it produced, one could not help tl'inking '.hat Whitfield was not far wrong when he ans-vuied some of his flock, who objected to tho introduction of lively tunes into his chapel, that he did not see why the devil should be allowed to run away with all the good ones. VVithout intending to speak slightingly of any reli- einn, which has for its object the adoration uf the Deity, or being fastidious as to the forms and cere- monies which may be thought necessary to impress the public mind with tho duly and necessity of assem- bling together, for tho purpose of joining in public worship ; and fully agreeing with the poet that, " For modi's orfiiitli lot zealous bluiilB fljht; His caii'l liu wrong whose lii'e Is In tlic right,'' we still thought that the exhibition at St. Paul's ap- peared to outstep the bounds of decorum, by converting into a display of levit}', not to say mockery, whai was intended to be an act of solemnity. Evelyn speaks with rapture of " delicious shades and walks of f lately trees, which render the fortified works of Antwerp one of the sweetest places in Europe." Since his time, too, we have licaid of shady walks, and the groves and pleasure-houses within and without the walls; but they have all vanished; and it will require some years longer belbre the tra"eller can speak with delight on things of this kind. The inflexible Carnot, who was intrusted with the defence of tho place, laid all around it bare ; and the young trees, that have since been planted, are something about the size of those which are intended to form the grand mall in the Re- gent's Park, London. The trees, however, have been replanted, and even the rising generation may perhaps enjoy the benefit of iheir shade. The Quay, at present, seems to bo the best promenade; and when these trees have attained ten or twelve yeurs' growth, it will then form a hand- some walk by the side of the Scheldt. CHAPTER ir. FROM A.NTWKRP TO ROTTEaOAM. The most convenient, as well as tho most expeditious mode of proceeding from Antwerp to Rotterdam is by the steam boat, which, during the summer months, starts daily, at a certain hour, from either port, regulated by the state of the tide. Tho Buniowlmt circuitous route among the islands, cannot make the ilist:.nce much loss than eighty miles, which, in our case, were ])crformcd in ten hours; having left Antwerp at nine in the morning, and landed on the Quay of Rotterdam at seven in the evening. Our follow passengers were not far short of a hun- dred. English, Dutch, Gcrmans,NorwegiaiiK,nnd .Anicri cans; the ladies nearlj' as numerous as the gentlemen \ good substantial dinner was provided at a (iriee roasonable < noiigh ; wo had dolightfiil weather, the water smootli, every body in good humour; and the navigation among tho islands was not only pleasant, but lull of interest; the ingenious and laborious works of tho industrious Hollanders meeting the eye, in every jiossiblo contrivance, !■> savu their lundi andliubitations from the inroads of tlu' aca. Among the various people of European najions ns. sembled in the steamer, every person, with tho excep- tion of two French ladies, rqioke intelligible Eiiglisli. The steward had boon n prisoner of war in England, and entered into tho British army ; was sent to the Capo uf (>nod liopn, where ho was wounded in a skirmish with the Kulfers; and, lhoU|{h young ai«l healthy, had the good furtiino tu enjoy a pension tijr lile from Chelsea Hospital. He was one of the many thousand foreigners, who, perfectly able to maintain themselves, are mainly supported by the bounty of Great Britain ; and it would seem but reasonable, when certain gentlemen in the house of commons are grudg- ing tho pittance Of half.pay to officers of the British army, those of the German Legion, many of whom are serving in the arn:ics of their respective stales, should be the first to undergo a reduction, more especially when it is considered that ten shillings on the continent is equivalent to twenty iu England. Tho course pursued from Antwerp is down the Scheldt, in the first instance, as far as Batz ; then through the narrow channel close to the edge of the extensive, sand, along the eastern side of South Bcvc- land, which is the Verdionken, or sunken land; tini channel of dcc|)est waV'r, which is shallow enough, is here marked off by lull bronchcs of trees, continuing for a long way, and uiiiil tho fortress of Bergen-op-zoom \* passed at a considerable distance to tho right. We next enter the long and narrow channel of Tholcn; Ihrough the Volk Uak into the Flakke and Holland's Diep. After this the steamer enters another narrow channel, more resembling an artificial canal than an arm of the sea, and it continues nearly of an equal width as far as Dordrecht or Dort, being seldom more than from fifty to sixty yards wide. It has no visible artificial embankments, but both its sides, apparently on a level with the water, are thickly clothed with tall reeds. Yet in this narrow channel were lying at anchor a long range of square-rigged vessels, Dutch, Americans, and Norwegians, at least from two to four hundred tons burthen, but not a single English ship among them ; a fact that was noticed with a sort of triumph, as indeed well it might, by a young American ofiicer, who was one of the passengers, and who siifl^red none of his country ships to be passed without calling the at- tention of the passengers to the stripes and stars. These vessels were laden chiefly with slaves, lumber, tobacco, and other articles of American growth and produce. Very little population had hitherto been seen along the shores of the islands : but on approaching Dort, the scene began to change; collages and workshops of various kinds skirled this narrow navigation close to tho water's edge; and here and there a neatly painted house was seen planted in tho midst of a garden. At some little distance from Dort the unifoimity was re- lieved, and the unvaried scene much cnlivoiied, by the ap|)earaiice of some fil'ty or sixty windmills, — some reckoned up near n hundred, — busily whirling round, some employed in grinding corn, others in crushing various kinds of seeds, chiefly rape, for their oil, some in the preparation of ;mutf, but by far the greater nuuiber in s-iwiiig wood. The reedy banks of the channel had now given way to little patches of garden ground in front of these mills, the lower part of which were generally very neat inhabited dwellings; their roofs, and also the sides of the mills above the habitable part, were mostly thatched with reeds, in a very neat manner, and so contrived that nothing but the points were vi^slblc, which gave the ap|ioarance of their being covered 'vith a brown rough coatof sand or pebbles, but at a little distance this covering rrsjiiiblcd the skin ufa mole. Now also wo had on both sides of thin navigable channel, which from Dort to Rotterdam may be con- viilercd as the united branches of the Rhine and tho -Meuse, numerous small establishments of ahi, and boat builders, smull villages, and now and then a gentleman's house and pleasure grounds. The confluence of the two streams ut Dort had conhidorably enlarged tho navigable channel, which here takes the name of tho AlaaH, Mild retains it till it reaches the sea, having firbt pnssid Rotterdam, Di'lfshavrn, and the Biille. A little :ib-ive Rotterdam we ubserved, nmong other shippinj; that were at anchor, one of the most extraordinary, and it will probably turn out one of the most useless, and it may bo added, dangerous, vessels that ever was sent upon tho ocoi'u. A friend of ours had the curiosity \i go on board, and ascertain tho parlieulurs of her size and construeiion. She was a steam bont, named tho Vtlas,and intended for liatavin. Her length measurrd two hundred and l'il\y fret, breadth thirty eight feet, and he. cnlciilated liurlhen nine hundred and fifty tons, she had three cnj!ii.es, each of one hundred horse |)0Wtr| liiur masts, of which her foremast was so calculated ai to carry a liire and aft sail, square lop-aail, topgallant- tail, and studding..''ailH, The lo|Hiail-yard was seventy- lour Icot long ; tho other three niusla were rigged alikti Ifat rat niielf K &ind ^lelc iitt bear Al their torowe IdOn la «ptel teiplelt aoodc at He same lkrnishc( gpod, an M snow Wut thrc Mid it A TOUR THROUGH SOUTH HOLLANU. '\ as one of the many ly nble to maintain i by the bounty of but reasonable, when commons are grudg. Hcors of the British 1, many of whom are peclivo states, should ion, more especially ings on the continent twerp is down I lie 1 far as liutz; then I to the edge of the side of South Bcvc- )T sunken land ; th« 8 shallow enough, is of trees, continuing ;g of Bergcn-op-zoom •e to the right. We channel of Tholcn; 'Iakk6 and Holland's iters another nariow iai canal than an arm of an equal width us Idem more than from I no visible artificial apparently on a level ;hed with tall reeds. B lying at anchor a s, Dutch, Americans, two to four hundred ish ship among them ; sort of triumph, as American officer, wlin who suffered none of ithoul calling the at- ic stripes and stars. with staves, lumber, mcrican growth and crto been seen along ipproaching Dort, the as and workshops of iw navigation close lo here a neatly painted dst of a garden. At uniforniily was re- h enlivened, by the ty windmills, — some iiiily whirling round, others in crushing I, for their oil, some by fur the greater reody banks of the le patches nf garden lower part of which :d dwellings; their above thcTiabit.iblc •eeds, in a very neat thing but the pointn ranee of their being sand or pebbles, but jniblcd the skin ofa s of this navigable erdttui may bo con- thc Kliine and the Jnts of shi, and boat I then a gentleman's I confluence of the iriilily enlarged tlio ^H the name of the the sea, having firbt the Ihille. A little loijg other shipping : extraordinary, ami most useless, and it that ever was sent had the curiosity u tieulurs of her size ni hont, named tlio Jer length nieasured Ih thirty eight feel, pdroU and fifty ton*. litidred horse [lower; Jvus BO ealuulutcd ai llnp-sail, topgallant. |l-yard was seventy- > were rigged alik«i ,th firo and all sails, and gaff topsails; lier dec'- was ,«cribod ns riHing considerably from the bow anc' storii iwards the centre, which gave her the appeura 'cc of Ing hoiijiod ; and this, the engineer said, was purpo.sely ne to eii^blo her to bear the weight of the engines Ihout breaking ; but he expected they would bring r deck to a level. It would probably not stop tlicrc, Ifat rather sink it to an inverted arch, and the ship Haelf to tiie bottom of the sea. if any person can he Bund careless enough of his life to carry her out upon ^t element. She is wall-sided, and appeared to Imvo STboaringon the water. The Dutch, havinc no name Ift their own language for steam, but ruik or damp, have Wrowed one from us, and called this kind of vessel a Wum-houl ; the Germans have named it u Damf-fchiJ. ,'<(0n landing on the quay of Rotterdam, we found the Hbtel des I'ays-bas, a large and moat excclloiit house, plelely full, which compelled us to take up our le at the New Bath Hotel, a much inferior onu on same quay. The house was small and indiflbrently .nishcd; but the most essential part, the bedn, were lod, and the linen, both for them and the table, while M snow. This article the traveller will find clean and ■tut throughout Holland, Prussia, and the Nulherland.s. 4l|id it may here bo added, that in no single instance ^re tvc disgusted or annoyed, notwithstanding the ||0at of the nights, with bug, Hea, gnat, or musquitn, in apy part of our route, with the single exception of o %u small gnats that had entered the open window at Antwerp. This is the more surprising, especially in £)lland, where so much stagnant water jirevails. -■J^The landlord affected a taste for pictures, and showed i§t one covered with a curtain in the dining room, fur ich, he told us, an Englishman had offered him ten lusand guilders, about 830*. The subject was St. n in the Wilderness, by Mutillo, and ho said it was t of the Orleans' collection. All the luggage of the ninety or a hundred passengers iSjks bundled on shore as fast as it could be got out, uiul 4pd on the quay at the same time. The night closing 5, it was not without reason that some of the party fjiere npprehensive of the fine opportunity that was at^ 0rded the Dutch porters to take advantage of, and excr- Ssc their thieving propensities, at which, they had Icarn- i^ from Marianne Starke's " Guide," they were uiicoiii- Tkonly expert, and likewise much given to imposition. •fc would bo but fair on the part of Marianne Starke (it 'djueh a person there be), or of her publisher (if it should " a nom de guerre), to print in a note, as an act of iin- _rtiality, and for the benefit of Dutcliinen who may •avel in England, the following notification, which ap- •t'ars in an English ncwspaiicr, that happened to be in Hie steamer : — "■ Margate is very full of company, and •lonty of pick|)ockets ; thieving i:4 so much the fashion Jere now, that constables arc obliged to be stationed on ic pier during the time of landing the passengers ; and is quite impossible to frcciuent public places, without protecting guard." With regard .o ourselves, it is but slice to say that every article, great and small, belong- _ jr to seven persons, was carefully lodged in the hotel, Slough nearly dark ; and that the porters, so far from tractising or attempting im|)osition, lofl the remuncra- on for their trouble entirely to ourselves, only observ- fcg, with a smile, that it w,i8 now kermis, or lair time ; fi iiiiieh as to say, " I hope your honours will give us a •illc to drink." When wo call to mind Iho d lily reports Joni the several police oflices of thieving, 'obbing, ket picking, house breaking, and swindling, we have t much to boast of English honesty over thai of lb. igners. ROTTERDAM. ,\ smooth flowing river, as large .is the Thames at cstminster, and thrice its depth, liordered on the one Ide opposite to the town with a high green sloping bank panted with trees, and on the town sine with a nolilc, ninterrupted qu.iy, of at Kiast three fnurtlis of a mile 1 extent ; ond on this quiiy a long lino of fine old elm ees, of some centuries' growth, yet still in full vigour, -such are tlm objects that, onTi|>proaeliing Uotti rdani ky water, first strike the stranger's I'yc, anil, with the Icveral tiers of ships along the whole extent of the luay, are admirably calenlated to convey to his mind fn impression of the wealUi anil importance of ttiis com' nereial city. 'I'lie naiiii' given to this fine quay does not at nil corros ond with its present deseriptinn. It is called HonmtjrK, kr " the hitle trees," which, like the " new streets" of lur towns, ore fri'<)uently among the oldest that are uund therein. The " Boomfjcs" arc now fully riual in size to the largest trees in St. James's Park, having been planted in the year 1(>15. It is not very difficult to give a general idea of Rotter, dam ; but the cfll-ct which is altogether produced on a stranger, who, for the first time, has visited a Dutch city, is not so easily to be conveyed. The ground plan of tlie city is that of a tri;mgle, the base being the quay we have mentioned, stretching along tlic river, in its whole length about a mile and a quarter, according to the plan, the central jiortion of which is the " Boomtjes," occupy- ing, as lieforc said, about three quarters of a mile ; and a |)cri>cndicular, drawn from it to the opposite extremity, may be somewhat less than a mile. Through tlie middle of most of the strcet.s run.? a straight canal, bordered by large, lofty, and he.ilthy trees,— oaks, eliiis, and lime trees, chiefly the latter ; and all these canals are, or at least were, crowded with shipping of every conceivable size and form. They are crossed by numerous draw- bridges, which, mixed with the shipping, t!ie trees, and the houses, have a very picturesque cfleet. Between the trees and each of the cana.,- is the quay, which is of a width sufficient for shipping, landing, and receiving nil articles of merchandise ; and within the row of trees is the paved street for carts, carriages, and horses; and be- tween this again, and extending close to the fronts of tin' houses, is a paved footpath of bricks, or clinkers as they are called, set edgeways, which, like our trottoirs, are for the sole use of foot passengers, but, unlike ours, are not raised above the level of the street. It will readily be iin.agined, that in these canal streets, with all the shipping, tliere will be an incessant bustle. The houses are generally on a large scale, and lofty ; in many of the streets they arc really elegant. But be. longing, as they do, chiefly to merchants and tradesmen, their work-houses or magazines arc sometimes on the ground floor, and frequently extend for behind, while the family is contented to inhabit the upper stories. With all this, however, nothing can exceed in cleanliness every part of the exterior of those houses. Here we observed, as in Antwerp, that the women were constantly employed in washing the walls, the doors, the window shutters, and windows, by me-ins of small pump engines, or with pails, mops, and serubhiiig brushes; and, when e iigiigeil in this operation, they are seldom deterred from pursuing -their task of brushing, scrubbing, or dashing water, by the heaviest showers of rain that may happen to fii!!. In fact, a Dutchman's house externally is as neat as (mint and water can make it ; nor are they less neat and clean in the interior. The floors, in general, are so rublMd and (wlishcd aa scarcely to allow one to walk iqioii them with safety. There arc three principal canals, or r.itlier, from their superior size and opening into the river, are e.illeil havens or harbours. One of these, on tin western extremity of the city, is named the Jienve Imven, and two others to- wards the eastern extremity. Die old and new havens. They are, strictly :;.eaking, three branches or creeks of the Maas, communicating with each other and with the various canals which intersect the town ; thus not only affording a constant supply of water to the canals, but, by the ebbing and flowing of the fide, keeping up a cir culation ; and, like the arteries of the human body, con veying to all the smaller branches a fresh supply of water, and preserving it from lieeoniing stagnant and putrid. In addition to this supply from the M.ios, is that of the river Rotte, which descends through the very heart of the town, contributing its portion to the replenishing of the cinnls. The old haven, near the extremity where it joins the Mans, is too wide for a drawbridge, and is crossed, there- fore, by a flat bottomed boat, which plies as a ferry. The other havens and the canals have many draw- bridges over tliem; and some have permanent stone piers, with openings only in the middle to let the vessels pass through with their iiiasts •landing. It may he observed that, in general, each particular species of merchandise has its nppropri.ite eoiial and cpiay; niul following up fl'is principle, each of the eight or ten market pi, ices has its own peeuliar nrlieh's forsiile, as the hulter market, the cheese iimrket, the fish mar- ket, fiv. It is said that Rotterdam at present contains about fifty Ihnusanil inhabitants, which is about one third part less than in the days of its pros|HTily ; and it may lie ilouhteil whether, with nil the apiienranee of briskness and bustle, it is making iiiueh progn-ss towards the re. covery of its f()rnier pros|)rrnus state : for though there certainly were evident indications of an active conimeree alwiut the quays, and the canals anil basins were crowd' ii with shipping, most of Iheni Diileli hottoni", and evi- Hently, from their state of cquipmcul, eng iged, or about to lie eiignged, in traile; yit it was a remark we niaile, in |>eranilmlating the town, th.;l none of us had noticed a smgic additional liouse recently hiiill, or that was build- ing, or even an eld one repairing, in any one of the streets; and there are eerluinly not many .strei Is in I'olterdaiii that we did nut, in our short st.iy, visit. The same obser- vation will apply to the suburbs and their environs, at least on the side wliieli fiiecs the direction of Amsterdam. In fact, Rotterdam, like all the sea port tow lis of Ilol. land, will yet require time to r guin its former state of activit}' and prosperity. Ilefire thnt .rekless hour in which the .sober-minded and cnlciilatin^ Dutchmi'n was seized with the frenzy of Viyhdd t)i (Icli/kheiil, — litiery and equality — which ended in driving away the (Jiiile Sladtlioiidr, , and receiving irje fraternal eiiibraee of the French; — that is to say, beliire the year ITil.'i, the nuiiiber of ships that annually cleared out from Itotterdain is stated to have been about one thousand nine hiinilred ; from thi;t year to 1814, the number had dwindled down to something less than two hundred. They have now again gradually advanced to about one thonsnnd five himdred; and when they shall have rem lied that point in the scale, from which they ileseendeil, the citizens of Rnlierdam will |)robably enee more build new houses, and renovate some of tho once splendid eslahlishmenls, particularly those connected with their East India trade and jinssessions, that havo fallen into decay. In the midst of their deereasing prosperity, however, it d'K's not appear that nnv- of their charitable institutions have been iieglectteil or abridged; and nbsorlied as tho Dutch are generally supposed lo be, in the ways ond means of aceumulatiiig " filthy lucre," they cannot justly 1)0 accused of any disinclination to relieve the distresses of humanity, or lo promote the moral and intellectual ad- vancement of their eountrymen. They have lliei • Bible Societies and their Missionary Societies ; they have a So eirty of Arts and Seienees, instituted for public benefit; they have a Philosophical Society, which takes the name, or rather adopts as its motto, the words " Variety nnd harmony," — " Vrrsrhiidnihiit an Ornirnslniiminf; ;'' — words tlinl, to an Eiiixlish ear, are not well calculated to convey the idea of harmony. But there is still another society for ex|Hnimental philosophy, with a name that al. most friirhtens one to look nl, — " (iriiiml:>clinp run I'rnr. fundfrriiidrli/kr Wi/xsrehierlr.'' Its objects are highly imjiortant to society, but to this singular country in par- ticular — the improvement of agriculture, navigation, hy. draulics, and highways. The piiblie biiihlings of Rotterdam are not particularly striking. The ])orts or gates are nmonar the most remark, able. The Exchange is a modern bnildinn', with a dome in the eentri', and a turret at each end. The East India House is a hirije [ilain building in the " Boomtjes." The l^oiirt of Justice is a neat hnildiiig enough; nnd the Schieland.liuis is, perhaps, the hanilsomest specimen of areliiteeture in Rntterdam. On its fro'it are several pi. laslers crowned with Corinthian eapitiils, and the pedi- ment in the centre is filled with allegorical sculpture. It was the house in which the eomniissioners for the regu- lation and manngemeiil of dykes and canals hekl their mei'tiiigs; and in it were lodged Napo'eon nnd Maria Iiouisa when, in 1811, they made the tinr of Holland. The India House and Custom House have nothing ru- mnrknlile in their size or appearance. To almost every house in Rotterdam, ind sninefimen to every window of n lioiire on the first floor, there is fixed a sinirle or double looking-glass or reflector, by means of which a person in the room, sitting before the window, can see by rellection the whole length of tho street, the passengers, the frees, the canal, and the ship. piii(r. When two of these reflectors are placed at right angles, nnd the right angle pointed towards the window, thus, A, a |)ersnn within directing the eye lo that angle will see the whole street both to the right and to the left. In tome of the towns of England one iiiiiy now and then observe one of these refleeting glasses, wliith is generally suppose. I to 1«^ intended to put the iidinbitant on his iruard aa;;iinst unwelcome visiters, and on that nccnunt they have lieen whiinsiciillv called diiiinriiiriiprf. In Rot- lerdani they are universallv adopted for the nmusenient of the Indies, more es|M'eiaIly those of the upper classes, who nppenr hut seldom in the streets. Wo were surprised nt first thnt so d'W shops were ob- served in the principal strcet.s — in several of them none whatever, fill we were infiirmed that in the Hnog street, or Hiirh street, there were nothing but shops. This street is so far singular, that it has no canal in it. It nms in a ilireet line east nnd west, thrnugh the town, nnd may be assimilated to the Strand in Tionilon, before itjt improved stale, ns lo leiiirlh and breadth, nnd the number of its ••hop« ; hut the honse» in general arc fir superior to thofe 72 A TOVn THROUGH SOUTH nOLLAN0. of the old Strand ; and when we passed through it, we found the street nearly aa crowded and full of bustle as ,, tbf that of London ; but tliis was probably occanioncd by its beinff the annual foir or Kcrmes. This street, so diflfercnt from tlie rcsl, was built on a ridge raised considerably above the others, Avliile narrow alleys on either side had a regular descent from it. Tlie some kind of street, we were told, was to be met witli in most of the towns of Holland; and, indeed, we found it to be so. Sometimes wo were led to conclude that this elevated situation was owing to the accumulation of earth that had been thrown out m dijjging tlie canals in the streets parallel to it. Tliia, however, couhl not have been precisely the case hero. The line of Iloog street was originally the dyk or rampart that protected the old town, to the northward of it, from tlie inunda- tions of the Maoif, which then washed the foot of Uiis rampart; and tliat the whole extent of the town between it and the Maas, which is, in fact, the largest and best portion of Rotterdam, stands on ground gained from the water, and consequently much lower than the rampart on which tlic Hoog street is built. There is not much in Rotterdam, aller the first sight of it, to attract the traveller's attention. The churches in Holland have little to recommend them ; for here, as in all countries where the reformed religion took root and e.xpellcd Catholicism, the churches were stripped of all their statues, pictures, and other decorations that were profusely lavished on them by their former possessors. The old Romish cathedral, at the upper part of Rotter- dam, is a fine lofVy building, having a remarkably large square tower, with bold projections, the picturesque effect of which is increased by its unfinished state, the top ap- pearing to be in a ruinous and crumbling condition. In- ternally, with the exception of a few monument?, tliere is little beyond the magnitude of the building itself to attract notice. 'Ilie choir is fenced off from the great aisle by a screen of bronze railing. The high altar, with its former ornaments, its sculptures and paintings of saints and angels, has wholly disappeared ; and a plain pulpit usurps the place where the altar once stood, to be used only for the celebration of marriages, and the ex- amination and confirmation of catechumens. To compensate in some degree for the absence of orna- ment, an organ has recently been completed, which may be claused among the first instrunK^its of the kind for power and tone that are any where to be met with. The gentleman who happened to be in the churcli when we visited it, and who was one ot' its deacons or elders, as- sured us that it contained five thousand five hundred pipes : that the large diapason \i\\ni was thirty-two feet high, and sixteen inches square. The height of the ceiling he said was two hundred feet; deduct from this the height of the portico or colon- nade on which the organ stands, and tlio height of the ornament between its summit and the ceiling, wliieli to- gether did not appear to rxceod filly feet, and tlicre re- miins one hundred and fifty feet for the height of Ihe organ; it did not, however, appear so hiirh. It requires tliree pair of bellows to supply it with wind. This gen- tleman sent for tlic organisl, who played with several Htops ; some of the tones were so deep and powerful us to shake the lloor. Tlie hiiinnii voice stop i:'ays sweetly, and in a chorus the tenor and treble are (K'culiarly soft and melodious; and we imagined the resemblance of the sounds to those of human voices to be very striking. The Haarlem organ h.is generally been mentioned as the largest in the world, but we were assured that this of St. Lawrence was very considerably larger and more |)owerful. Every stranger, who takes up his abode in Rotterdam, Miinks it right to pay a visit to the statue of Erasmus, erected in the great market place, on the ci^ntre of an arched bridge, and looking down the canal. It is of lironze and almost black ; but we were told that for some time atler it was first put up, it was Ihe rustom to make it undergo an annual scouring, till it was quite bright, and that the practice was only discontinued on those who had the charge of it being satisfied that by such a process they were destroying the benuty of the work- manship and altering the features. The figure appears intent on a book which ho holds open in both hands ; it impresses one with the idea of a sober, sedate person, jiint in that act and attitude which best would berome the character of thai groat man which it was intended to represent. On two of the »ide» of the pedestal arc two long Latin inscriptioni, and on the other two sides the same number in the Dutch language. His real name In that language was Oerrit Oerritz, a cacophonous ap- |X!l)ation, whioli ho appeiird to have felt was not exactly cjteitlated to (lout smoothly down Ihe tlrcani of time, beyond the precincts of his own country ; and he tlicre- fore translated it into Latin and Greek terms of cognate signification, and called himself Dcsiderius Erasmus, We did not perceive that there was any thing remarkable in the execution, either of the head and features, or of the dra|>ery ; we thought it above mediocrity, but far below what Chantry and Westmacott, Bailey and many others at home have executed. Not far from hence, in a narrow street without a canal, stands the cathedral, which leads to the small house in which tills learned man lived, and in a niche between two windows in the upper tier, there is also placed a small statue of him, under which is tliis inscription, Hac est parva domus, mitgnus qua vatu$ Eraiinua. But, alas ! to what vile uses may men's houses, as well as their bodies, be turned I — this humble dwelling of Erasmus is converted into a gin shop. The stork, in its annual visits, for it is a bird of pas sage, is never molested in Holland. It, therefore, does not scruple to build its nest on the tops of trees in the midst of towns and villages, on the towers of churches, and even on the chimney tops. In our rambles through the streets, some of our party happened to observe a flock of these birds wheeling high in the air over our heads, when a Dutch gentleman told us that, on the following day or the day after, they would certainly take their leave of Holland, being congregated for their departure ; he said it had long been remarked that these creatures knew precisely, and strictly kept, tlieir appointed days of arrival and departure in and from Holland, which were about tlie middle of Jb'ebruary and the middle of August, within a very few days more or less. This is, in fact, just what has been said of this bird in days of old, as we learn from the book of Job, " The stork in the heavens hath its appointed times." It is not exactly known to what parts of the world they migrate from the northern portion of Europe ; but they are common to Egypt, Pa- lestine, Barbary, and tlie plains of Northern Africa ; — why then, it may be asked, do they leave the food tliey seem most to delight in — such as snakes, frogs, reptiles, and insects — ^just at the time when they most abotmd ? — and proceed to these sandy and barren countries, where, it is true, snakes and lizards, and a few venomous rep- tiles may be equally plentiful, but are, perhaps, the only kind of Ibod which Holland afibrds. Perhaps tliey may be |)osscssed of delicate appetites similar to our own, and have discovered that, like some of our birds and fishes, these aquatic animals of Holland are out of season in the middle of August. The truth is, we know but little of the real history of migratory animals, or of the cause for their migration. Fortunately for the stork, it is held as a sacred bird, not only by the Dutch and Danes, but also in Asia and .M'rica ; for different reasons, perhaps, in these differei;t regions. In Holland, not so much for any service it may be supimscd to render, in cleaning their dykes and ditches, for the Dutch have no dislike whatever to frogs, — but on account of the alleged filial affection of the young birds for their parents. This trait was so well known to the aiieients, that the stork became an emblem of filial piety ; its English name, indeed, is taken from the Greek, ind signifies natural aflVc linn. A Danish author says that when the storks first make their appearance in early spring, nothing is more com- mon tinn to see many of the old birds, tired and feeble with their long flight, supported oecaBionally on the backs of the young ones ; and the peasants have no doubt that they are laid carefully in those very nests, in which the year before tliesc young ones had been nurtured. Thus says the poet, — " Thn fiioik'p nn rmblpm of line piely : Hi>rnuEt! whfin atn> lins stizod and iiintle his ilnm Uiilli for llipht, the prnloCiil yi>iiiig (in« inkci His iiHiilHsr nn Iii^ljdck, provides hi'r f(Knl, Iti'pnvinff Ihns hnr ti'niiei tare of tilni, EiB he waafll lo fly." The Dutch have Ihe character of being a grave and sedate people, but they have also a great deal of dry hu- mour and drollery about them, that is somclimes exceed- ingly amusing ; and no people in the world are moii' fond of social intercourse than tlicy are. On every side of the eily of Rotterdam are tea-gardens, and houses of entertainment, where the citizens meet to enjo^ them- selves with various kinds of games, drinking tlieir wine, tea, or cofl'ee, and smoking their pipes. They have also their Vauxhalls and Almacks in the suburbs, and what is still better, besides the societies already mentioned, they have a very flouridhing one for the encouragement of lileraturo and the firai arts. There is also a botanical garden, which we regretted not having time to visit. The kcrmes, ur annual fiiir, to whk'li pcopto of all de. scriptions resort fi-om different ports of the country, wai held at this time in various parts of the city ; and the wider streets were filled with bootlis for the sale of trin. kcts and children's toys, cakes, and gingerbread, with ill manner of eating and drinking, tossing of pancakes, and the same kind of cxhibitioni and amusements as ore seen in one of our own country fairs of the better kind. This annual festival had just commenced as we ar. rived, and was to continue a Ibrtnijrht. All was cheer, fulness and bustle ; but neither noise, nor tumult, nor drunkenness incommoded the inhabitants in tlwir houses, or the passengers in the streets. It was decent mirth, quiet humour, and composed drollery. We found some difficulty in getting admittance to tlic dock-yard. It was necessary, we were told at the gate, to have on order or a recommendation from Bome re. speetable inhabitant ; but as the dock-yard was situaicd at the extremity of the town, and our time was pressing, we desired the porter lo take our cards to tlie Schvjit It]/ Naght, or rear-admiral, who was acting as the coinniii. sioner, and whose name \'as De Reu.'. He immediately gave an order that we should see every thing ; on which the ofiieer who attended us seemed to lay great stress, u a special mark of favour ; but we soon tound that this " seeing every thing" was in fact to sec very little wortli seeing. It consisted chiefly of three objects, which seemed to be considered as the only "lions" that could be interesting to a lai.dsman, and the only ones shown to strangers, though it is more than probable tliere wu nothing more to be seen than the nakedness of the land, First, there was the armoury, in which the muskeli, pikes, swords, pistols, and all the offensive weapons, except the great guns, used in ships of war, are kept, in bright order, and tastefully enough arranged. They arc contained in two small rooms, and could not, at the most, be more tlian sufficient for the supply of five or six sail of the line. The second object of exhibition wai a new steamboat lying afloat in a canal, that was housed over, built ei. pressly for the use of bis majesty, and intended to conve) himself and family between the Hague and Brussels, or any other part of his dominions traversed by rivers or canals ; though it is probable they will soon give up the navigation of the latter by steam on experiencing the havoc and destruction which the waves, raised by tho paddle-wheels, will occasion to tlie earthen banks. The length of this vessel measured 135 feet; it had two engines of 35 horse power each. The chimney or funnel, and the rigging tliat supports it, tlie railing that runs along the sides, and every thing on deck tliat is metal, were ol copper, kept bright by constant scouring and rubbinj;, which, in this damp climate, and not tlic best of all pos. sible atmospheres, must be a daily drudgery to several |iir. sons. The sides are [lointcd green, and tlie upper works green and gold, highly ornamented with emblenintic sculpture, covered with gilding. Even the rudder is gill down to the water's edge. The cabins are neatly fitted up, and lined witli mahogany. The king and queen hive each a bed-room. There are bed places for eight geii. tlemcn attendants, and for two maids of honour. The tliird " lion" was a twenty -oared barge, of a bcauti. ful model, built also for the use of the king. This mag. nificent boat is sixty-four feet long, splendidly pointed in blue and gold. On the prow, which proieets considerably beyond the cut-v.'otcr, is the figure of Neptune, with his trident, sitting in a splendid car, drawn by four tritoni, exceedingly well carveil, and richly gilt; tJie whole of tlie carved work on this barge, nnd the steamboat, ii indeed far superior to any of those guilt logger-heads, which we sometimes see stuck imder the bowsprit of our ships of war. The builders of our dock-yards in fact admit that the art of rarving wood in ship building has of late year) been UmI. With the Dutch it is kept as a separate branch, and in each of their yards is a carver's shop. We next visited some of their storchouMi, which m this yard are not extensive, but they were nearly cinply. The timlirr was scanty, and mostly fiishioned, in whicli state, we were told, it is brought into the yard. A seventy-four gun 8lrip,not furtlier advanced than her Uccl, had just been laid down, and her floor-timbers were all ready, but we did not observsany of the other timbers for her frame. The roof under which she waa to be built very much resembled those in our dock-yards ; but we saw nothing of those galleries within it, which hnw been commended as an improvement on our own. Under a second roof was a fil\y-gun (Vigate building, and under a third, one of the same class repairing. The new frigate had a round stem, similar to those which Sir Robert Seppings was accused of having pilfereing to r ars. T A TOUR TiraOl'ClI SOIITII J10M.AN1>. 73 rt« of the country, wa« 1 of the city ; and the lis for the sale of trin. d gingerbread, witti ill ssing of pnncalieit, and muscmeuts as are eecii °tlic better kind, commenced as wc er. night. AU was cheer, noise, nor tumnlt, ncr abitojits in tlieir houses, It was decent mirth, Icry. tting admittance to tlic u were told at the gale, ndation from nomc re. dock-yard was situaicd our time was pressing, cards to tlie Schvifl by acting as the comniis. Rea". He immediately every thing ; on whieh d to lay great stress, i8 'e soon tound that this to sec very little wortli f three objects, which ily "lions" that could be the only ones shown to lan probable there wu nakedness of the land. , in which the muskeU, tho oficnsive weapons, ips of war, are kept, in ;h arranged. 'J'hey arc d could not, at the most, apply of five or six sail in waf a new steamboul s housed over, built ci. , and intended to convej Hague and Brussels, or ) traversed by rivers or ;y will soon give up the im on experiencing the le waves, raised by thu tie earthen banks. The 13S feet; it had two The chimney or funnel, ic railing tliat runs along k that is metal, were ol scouring and rubbing, i not tlie best of all \m*- drudgery to several pt c iiiul the upper works ■iitid with einbleninlic Even the rudder is gilt cabins are neatly fittd he king and queen have places tor eight gcii. aids of honour, lared barge, of a bcauti. f the king. This mag- ;, splcnclidly painted in ill prdjpclK considerably •c of Neptune, with his I, drawn by four tritoni, llily gilt; tlie whole of nnd tho steamboat, is ose guilt logger-heads, Ider the bowsprit of our in fact admit that tlie bing has of late years Ipt as a separate branch, Wer's shop. I storchoufea, which m ley were nearly empty. Ily fashioned, in which Into the yard. Ither advanced than her Ihor floor-timbers were liy of the other timheri 1 which she was to be In our dock-yards ; but I within it, which han Int on our own. 1-gun ftigatc building, J class repairing. Tho limilar to those whihttp« superior for »ll Mival purposes, he has reconverted almost to squoro ones, i^rving, however, the principle of upright timbers, Aich by giving strength constitutes its greatest merit, flic Dutch frigate's stern was certainly round with apro- jKlioii in the centre, like one of those sentry boxes some- Mklics seen in the angle of a bastion, and wliicli serves ffthc ship as the snbslituto for a quarter gallery. »>Tlin opening between the timbers of this Irigate were lied in, so as to make the hull one solid mass, and the Milder took care to observe, as if it was something new, tttt if a plank should start, there would be no danger of MN ship sinking. Wo did not go into the hold, but our «Mlductor said that she was strengthened with diagonal Miccs, and that all her Imlts below the water line were of Mpper. They also made use of straight tiinliers, and the MKocks of the ribs had square heads and heels fastened |# cogues. In sliort it appeared to us that the whole of 'flapping's inventions had Iwcn adopted in the dock-yard tf- Rotterdam ; and so satisfied were they of the utility rfrools, that all tlic small craft even were building under #ver. 'vThe timber, made use of in the dock-yard of this place, iftbrought by water from various parts of the Netherlands, tad is squared, and mostly fashioned in the Ibrests, but Ming used without a proper degree of seasoning, the ■hips are not of long duration. This was particularly tte case with those built under Bonaparte's reign, at £ltwcrp, one half of them being rotten without ever Sing to sea, and nearly useless at the end of five or six fttiTa. In fact all the German timber is light and porous, Mi comparison with our best Suffolk oak, and liable to t speedy species of decay which has been called, iin porly enough, the dry-rot. Oil ■ would be led to conclude, that tho Dnich must rioiico a considerable degree of inconvenience from want of ilry docks, though they sccin not to feel it. our dock-yards, tliny are so common, that the Imttoni a giin-brig or a cutter cannot be looked at, without lir assistance. When the Dutch have occasion to ex- inc the bottoms of their largest ships, the operation of linving them down, while afloat, is resorted to, by means ji careening pits, in which the necessary blocks and itrchases for the puriwse are placed. It is, however, but ■I awkward process, when performed on large ships of ^r, .nnd not without considerable danger, but it is rc- ' ted to in preference to the eeitainty of incurring a Inrgc nditure for the construction of a dry dock, especially a country wlicre the fonndations are bad, and no ma- ials to be had except what must be imported from or countries at a great expense. CHAPTER III. FROM ROTTERDAM TO AMSTEROAM. ■f There are two methods of making the journey from ''ottcrdam to Amsterdam, as there are, inciccd, between nost every two towns throughout Holland, — by land nnd ■ water. Tlic latter is the most roniiiion, and most easy bd convenient, as well as by iiiunli tho cheapest, hut is Imewliat slower than posting ; the treckschuyt going li^roly at the rate of four miles an hour, while post horses, 1 others hired for the journey, will make good a little ore than five miles an hour. The distance in cither »y, in the present case, is nearly the same, as the slr.aight be of road generally neeonipanies, in a parallel direction, |e straight cannl, anil in most parts of it has a straight kv of trees on each side ; every thing in Holland, where [can convcniriitly be done, licing lahl out with a line. lie trifling ilifl'erenee, however, in point of s|K'ed is not I only objection which a stranger, desirous of seeing I country, will make to the water conveyance. Tlie bnks of the canal are sometimes so high that the view I intercepted by them, nnd confined to the line of the nal. We, therefore, hired a four wheeled carriage, kown in Flolland by the name of clinr-a-banr, which, Itli its three cross scats, we finmd to bo sufticieiitly Dmy to hold, without inconvenience, six persons nnd sir luggage, besides a servant on the dickey. In this Ihicli! the owner agreed to carry us to Amsterdam in ro days; nnd for tho hire of this, with two horses, the Vner feeding them, and piiying the driver, we were barged forty-eight guilders or florins (four poumls triing,) the distance being about fitVy miles, or a little ■ore. lOn the 11th of August, about noon, we left Rotterdam. Tie road, as wo afterwards found to lie common throiigh- kt Holland, was paved with a particular kind of brick, lll^d a clinker, set eloselv on edge, very neatly fitted Jfethcr, anrior to tlic Jardin des Plantea and its museum in Paris. Taken altogether, we were of opinion tliat they had a decided preference, though they wanted the attraction of living animals, of the influence of which wc have had experience in the multitudes that flock to the zoological gardens of London. Near the University a large o|)en space, planted with trees, serves as a promenade for the inhabitants. It seems tliat this place was once covered witli good liouscs, which were destroyed in 1807 by the explosion of a vessel laden with gunpowder, when more tlian one hundred and fifty [lersons, and, among others, the two professors, Luzac and Kluit, perished under their ruins. No stronger proof is wanting of tlic decay of the trade and manufactures of Leyden than tliat of converting the ground, where some of the best houses stood wlien the accident happened, and which is the most agreeable part of tlie town, iiilo a mere promenade, instead of replacing them by others. In all our walks we did not observe a single new house build- ing; and, in fact, we were given to understand that the population had decreased a full fourth part of what it was in the days of its pros|)erity. It is a common observation that the High street of Ox- ford may be reckoned among the finest in Eurojx! ; but striking as it is, those who hold this opinion can know very little of Europe. Without going farther, we may observe that the Ureede street or Broad street of Leyden, thougli far from being one of the finest in Euro|)c, is sujierior, in some res|H'cts, to that of Oxford. In the first place, it is much wider, and at least three times the length ; and, contrary to the usual practice of laying out streets by the Dutch, it has the same gently-winding turn, but wants the gradual ascent, which contributes so much to the beauty of the High street of Oxford. The houses in that of Leyden are generally 8U|)erior and more pic- turesque ; and thoujrh the number of colleges of ancient architecture, with tlieir turrets, tow'^rs, and spires, in Oxford, exceed tlie number of public buildings in the Broad street of Leyden, there is one at least that will bear comparison with the most pictures(|ue college in High street. This is the old Hotel de ViUe, built, as ap|)cars by an inscription in front, in the year 1574. It has a tall spire, somewhat remarkable in its architecture, and not inelegant. It is built with a dark blue stone, which has the api)earance of black marble, and its prominent parts are tipped with gilding. The body of the building has jiearly thirty windows on a line in front, three pediments or gables highly ornamented, a handsome balustrade, surmounted by a ridge of stone globes, and the whole front of tills remarkable piece of architec'.jre may be said to be " AViili ^list'iiintr iipiri's and pinrmclos n.Iorn'd.'* The ground-floor of this town-house is appropriated as a market for butchers'-ineat, hut noapjiearancc of it is visi- ble from tlic street. This is also the case, a.s we after- wards found, under the old Hotel dc Ville at Bruges. Nothing can exceed the cleanliness of Leyden in all its streets, whether those with or those without canals. The former, with their ([uays, arc particularly neat ; and as there is little trade, and, of course, few shijipiiig that carry masts, the bridges are mostly of stone, of which they pretend to say there are not fewer than one hundred and fifty. We jiaid a visit to the ancient church of St. Peter, which was built in 1331. It is not only the largest in the town, but by far the best specimen in tlie style of Gothic architecture, [lerliaps, in all Holland; and the inhalitants [lersuade tlieinselves it is also the first in point of deriTira- tions and magnificence. As in all the reformed eb";i ,•. <, so in this, the Iconoelafls have left nothing u. ..i' i ! i..' sculpture remaining that formerly bclongc;; h ■■(. ?.nd have substituted only afew monuments in its pi ■■ '.,'( of these, erected to the memory of the cilebral. .' .: Iiaave, is carefully |)ointed out to strangers. It is ,>■. urn, supported on a jiedestal of black marble, having on the front a medallion bearing the bust of the deceased with this inscription : — " Simplex aigilliim vrri." And below it is the following : — "SalutiftTo Itoerlinvii gcnio sncriim." There are several other monuments of distinguished professors of the University, but none that are calculated to attract much attention. The choir, as usual, is screened off" by a railing of bronze, and stripped of all its former Romanist decorations. The environs of Leyden are extremely licautiful, and the whole country around is studded with villas, gardens, and pleasure-houses, standing, as usual, over ditches or in the middle of ponds. The most fre<|uented, and, in- deed, the most delightful promenade, shaded by a double row of trees, is witliout the walls, and close by the side of that branch of the Rhine which waters and surrounds the town. This gently-moving stream — so gentle that its current is scarcely perceptible — may here be about from one hundred and fitly to two hundred feet in width; and the bank opposite to the walk, and between the river and the wall, partakes in some places of the picturesque, bc' ing high and well clotlied with shrublicry plants, and briars and tangling creepers. It would, perhaps, be dif- ficult to point out in any part of the world a more enchant- ing walk on a fine summer's evening tlian that which borders the Rhine where it skirts the walls of Leyden. A very mistaken notion seems to have been entertain- ed that the insignificance of tlic Rhine, in this part of its course, is owing to its waters lieing lost in the sands. Nothing can be more incorrect than such an idea. That this Leyden branch is of comparative insignificance is very true ; but instead of being absorbed, the waters of this noble river, on the contrary, pursue their course in full vigour, and with increased volume into the sea. The province of Holland in general, however, and the district of Rhincland in particular, are most deeply con- cerned in the smallest or Leyden branch, as by the pro- per inanagenicnt of this stream only is that [lart of the country preserved from one sweeping inundation. The main works for this pur|)osc arc at Katwyk, where, by very simple but effectual contrivances of ilood-gatcs, tlic waters of the Rhine arc let out into the sea, and those of the sea shut out from the land. The distance from Iicy- den is about ten miles, through five of which nearest to tlic sea, a broad and deep canal has Ixen cut, across which a triple set of double gates have been thrown, the first having two pair, the second four pair, and the last seven pair, with stone piers of excellent masonry between them. Against these last gates the tide rises twelve feet, and to take oft' the pressure, an equal depth is preserved in the great dam within them. When the Rhine has ac- cumulated behind the other gates to a certain height, the whole of the gates are thrown open at low water, the rush of which completely scours the passage of sand, which, before the adoption of these gates, used constantly to choke up the channel of the Rhine ; and the waters, thus impeded, frequently inundated the country, and had more than once threatened Leyden with destruction. It has liecn calculated that these seven gates, when thrown n|ien, arc capable of discharging a volume of water not less than one hundred thousand cubic feet in a second of time. Still, however, we were given to understand that the commissioners lor tlic management of the Rhinland waters are not without their apprehensions of the iiicfli- cacy of these sluices, on the breaking up of a long frost, or the continuance of heavy rains ; and it was rumoured, that an engineer was cx[K'ctcd from England to examine and report his opinion whether any tliiog more, and what, could 1hi done for the better security of the country. On the 1 2tli of August, about ten in the morning, we continued our journey towards Haarlem, on a road which for its goodness, smooth ond beautiful as they are in any part of Holliuid, is not exceeded in the whole of this country. In travelling along it, the passenger is gratified by witnessing a constant succession of gentle- men's peats, the grounds of many of them laid out in exceeding good toste, and all of tliem kept in ncnt order; and this continues for sixteen miles. On approacliiui, Haarlem within a few miles, the mcer or lake of ilui name, winch is, in fact, a little sea, is set^n to the ea>i. ward, brt'.i'ecn some of the sand hills which its wav« I'lvt thrown up. B^ the inequalities of the surft;, v.hich extend to the side of the road, and tlie niixtur. ■r -.nJ "id grnvcl of which they are composed, it woule 'ppear that this sea must at one time have been of mut' greater extent than at present. Most of tlicse eniinciicc or hills, '!' wo may so call them, are generally planic with fi).. and otlier northern trees ; the parks or doniaim over which tlicy arc scattered are surrounded witli oui ordinary park imling ; cottages here and there are sen, by the roadside witli their little cabbage and potato gar- dens ; hawtiiorn hedges are not untrcqucnt; and, i[. short, these and some other indications of the approarii to Haarlem, wore so many appearances of what V!c even day sec in England, tliat, without any great stretch of the imagiitatinn, one might suppose one's self to be tra veiling in some corner of the British isles. Immediately before the entrance into the town (,i Haarlem is a wood of considerable extent, in which is ;,:, excellent house, that once belonged to Mr. Hojie of Am. sterdam. It was purchased by Bonaparte, us a resideiici for his brother Louis, for five hmidred thousand guilders, about forty-two thousand jiounds sterling. We did not remain long in H-iarlcm. It appeared in us very iiiucli like the otlier towns in Holland, very wdl built, vcry_ clean, and very dull. Its population was saiii to be greatly diminished, and its once tlourishing niaiiu. faetures of silks, velvets, and damasks, for which it wu fumed, have now nearly disap|)cared, and that little ro. maincd but the weaving of linen and woollen clothes anii of lace. In fact, it was stated that the jiopulation, wliici: was once reckoned to be forty-eight thousand, was reduced to about seventeen thousand. It still, however, has iu Academy of Sciences, and the Tcylerian Society, found. ed by an individual from whose name it is derived. Ii has a library, with a collection ol philosophical instrii. ments, and of subjects of natural history ; ond Iccturi! are delivered in all the diflcrcnt dupartments of sciemc. The river Spaarn, issuing from the Haarlem Mcir, traverses tlie city, and having supplied its canals, \mms on and joins the lake or creek of the Zuyder Zee, on tin soutliern shore of which tlie city of Amsterdam is buili. The name of this narrow prolongation of the Zuydii Zee is written on the Dutch Maps Hct Y; a name that has somewhat puzzled strangers, particularly if you a.4 a Dutchman what it is called, as he is sure to say It is Tai. The fact i.s, the letter y in Dutch is pronounced the same as the i in English, or ai ; and by abbrt- viating the definite article kel, the, it becomes in com. mon parlance 't ni. This will explain how our uiap makers have written it, some Tai, som ! Ti/e, ai, ' ntlicrs, still worse, the If, on their maps. \ frenchman in describing Amsterdam, calls it the C-grec. Any en. quiry as to the origin or meaning of tl."! n:imc was use less. In fact, the letter y in their alpha..>et has no parti- cidar meaning ; but as its pronunciation is precisely lliit of 01, and as this syllable, or something like it, signiHri water in many of the northern languages, and in Nortk Holland there arc other rivers or waters named the .h and the Ee (£«), it is not, perhaps, an overstrained ilj- mology to suppose that " th« Ai" is nothing more tlian " the water." The Ee or the Eu is the provincial name of the water which flows out of Windermere and Coiiis- ton lakes down the Cartmcl sands. There is little more to be seen at Haarlem than the church of St. Bavon, in which is the celebrated organ whose size and tones, and number of pipes, have been supjiosed to be without a parallel in this class of in.slru- ments ; but as we had seen and heard that of St. Law- rence at Rotterdam, we did not deem it worth the loss if limi^ that would have been occasioned by waiting for tin organist and liellows-blowers, to give us a peal. Wc should, however, have licen tempted to delay awlilli, had the season of the year been that in whicii the tiili|i, the hyacinths, and the jonquils are in blossom, for wliicli the adjoining gardens are cclehrattd, and witli wliick they annually supply our florists in England. 1'hc ait of raising these bulbous-rooted plants so as to prodiiri their flowers in perfection, simiile as it may appiar tn be, is not yet domesticated witli us ; wc have still oui fresh importations annually from Holland. The gaud; tulip was an object whicli at one; time drove the gravr, the prudent, and the cautious Dutchman, ns wild i> ever did the Soutli Sea bubble, or the senseless specula- tions that took iHissession of our countrymen a few yfan ago, tlic gullible John Bull. I'hc enormous pri<'es Uul were actually given for real tulip bulbs, of particulii kinds, funned but a small fraction of tho extent to whick IhH^tncrc itjfeDut (fSpethii nuaed .1 ***»<; " O^ltonei Ihf »ne at WMrf- liar to ■ich Ml " I the l^biilbs iMiffere tlt^ulls a Oi^priciM ««iitatfi A TOUR THROUGH SOUTH IIOIXANO. IT) lilca. On upproaclilni inccr or luke of Um lea, is B of Amsterdam is buili, ngation of the Zuydit ips Hel Y; a name thai particularly if you ask \8 he is sure to say ii in Dutch is pronounced or ai ; and by abbrc the, it becomes in com. explain how our map |i, som ! Ti/p, ai. ' otlicrs, ps. \ {"rcnchmnn in the 5.grec. Any en- of 11.'! ntimc was use- [r nlpha..-et has no parli- ciation is precisely tlial Icthing like it, signiCci inguages, and in North waters named the .h )s, an overstrained ily is nothing more tlian is the provincial name Ivindcrnierc and Coni»- at Haarlem than the 1 the celebrated organ jfr of pipes, have bcdi I in this class of instru- Icard that of St. Law lem it worth tlie lossii lined by waiting for tin Igivc us a peal. Wc Ipled to delay owliilf, |hat ill whicli the tuli|i, ■ in blossom, for wliicli Lted, and with wliick lin England. Tlic art lants so a« to produce as it may appear to J wo have still out iHolland. The gniidj I time drove the gtaif, lulchman, ns wild »' Tthe senseless spiculi' luntrymen a few years I enormous prices lliit p bulbs, of particulii of the extent to wliicl l^nicrcantile transactions of thi'< gaudy flower was oZmcd. If wo may give credit to Hcckman, wlio states Hm Dutch authorities, four hundred /icri^a in weight (ioBiething less than a grain), of the biflh of il tuhp naiaecl Admiral Leifkin, cost tour thousand four hundred flMiliH ; and two hundred of another, named Semper Jlugv^his, Ivn thoiviimd floriii.'<. Of this lust, he tells Uibltoiiec! happened there were; only two roots to bokc an* promised to be delivered, ihan in all probability were to be found in the gardens of Holland ; and when Sent- ftrJliigiialua was not to be had any where, which ha|>- poied twice, no species, [lerhaps, was otVener purchased ^1^ sold." This kind of sheer gambling reached at leaiKh to such a height, that the government fomid it UBssnry to interfere and put a stop to it. (Bn the great markct-pljcc of Haarlem is a statue of eiice Koster, who is supposed to have l)een tlic in- ir of printing. Ho holds forth triumphantly, as it in his hands, the letter A lus a typo of his claim to ivention. It faces the house in which he lived, and trout of which is the following inscription: — *' ^Tcmciriiii pacrciin Tipterii'liia, aniarliuinoHiiiiciiiitoiisi'rviiirix, liicpriimim iiivcrua, I circa annum 1440." )| is asserted that the first book that was printed is t^iruir de Niiire Si:lal, which is preserved with great depending muel: on the iiianageiiieiitof these two inliind sens. The Duteli arc said to have a plan for draining Haarlem Meer, and thereby gaining about sixty thousand acres of land ; the success must depend on its depth, but a few hundred pumps worked by windmills would easily and speedily empty its water (if moderately shallow) into the Ai. ,..,,• Close to the narrow isthmus, that divides them, is a neat inn, where carriages and horses are to be had ; and where also is an ancient chateau, named Swannenburgh, in front of which, and, on the pillars of the gate, an- sciiiptured several figures of swans. Having crossed the narrow neck, the canal and the road reeoininc nee with an angle, inclining more to an easterly direction, and continue for another five miles, close up to the gate of Amsterdam. Tlic canal is supplied by the Ai, through several inlets. In fact it forms in many places a part ol the Ai, and is only separated from it, and the navigation protected, by rows of strong posts, called a Iwom, which, by breaking the waves, preserve the opimsite bank of the canal or the causeway, which would otherwise be con- stantly exposed to the danger of licing washed away. A steady and undcviating perseverance in unilbrmity, order, and regularity, is discernible in all the public works of the Dutch. An instance of it struck us forci- bly in jiroceeding along this causeway. By the side of the canal is a narrow tracking path for tlic liorses which draw the treckschuyts and other craft. To prevent them from cncro-iching on the carriage road, a series of hard blue stone posts, about three feet high, nil of the same form and dimensions, arc firmly fixed in the ground at equal intervals of twenty yards, making the total num- lier about eight hundred and eighty. These stones must all have been brought cither from the banks of the Rhine or the iVIeusc, probably of the latter, for nothing of the kind is to be found in all Holland. On arriving at Amsterdam, we put up at avery excel- lent hotel, on one of the Burghwanls, called the Waape- lien van Amsterdam, which and the Dcx^len arc tlic best in this city. Li 1 the Hotel de VilU-, and another copy of which is I to be preserved in the public lil)rnry of Hoorii. The ■ailing opinion, however, is, that Faust was the in "or, who, withOuttonberg, printed the first book in tence. In opposition to this, it is maintained by the plf of Haarlcin that Faust was a servant of Koster, I stole his types, and lied with them to Mayeuce. If las.sertion be true that Faust was, about the time \n the invention is said to have taken place, the sur- of Koster, one of two tilings is pretty clear, — cr that Faust did carry oft" his master's invention, or ; Koster received the first intimation of the art from Ist while ill his service. So recently as ISi'i, a coiii- eion, composed of several learned professors, investi- |d these claims, and reported that it appeared from lirieal documen'.s, that Koster's iiivcniion dates soiiie- Ire between 14Q0 and 1 llij. Hnarleni is still famous pasting types, paitieiil.irly tliosc of (ircek and He- for printing the latter language, the Jews mostly Ive tlieir types from this city. ffroni Haarlem to Amsterdam the fiicc of the couii- Bias wholly changed its cliaractcr. The road takes J an ea.-terly direc;lioii, and nothing meets the eye but Iciintiimcd iniMdow, intersected by ditches to drain : water, without a tree-, or almost a bush iri any fction, and terminated, after a few miles travelling. Ihe Haarlem Mccr on the south, and the lahc oi kt water Ai, on the north. A fine broad pave d cause |, of ten miles in length, conducts the traveller from rlein to Amsterdiiin ; for five miles it is laid out in a ■inalical straiglit line, and is bordered by a noble k) |>;\rallcl to it. The other side of the road is hor- 1 liy a ditch and a row of willows. These willow the cnu.-icway, nnd the canal, are so perfectly Iglit nnd parallel, that the eye placed nt one end o!' nve miles, would see the other end, were it not liid- il were, below the surface, by the natural con Ity of the earth. It the end of the first five miles, the waters of the Irleiu Me'cr .ind the Ai eoininunicate beneath a nar- artificinl isthmus, having a gentle swell resembling 1 ol a bridge ; over this the cnuseway is continued. Ibis spot the relative heights of the two waters of the land the Meer arc nicely regulated, by means of pea nnd gauge-posts, marked into very nice and iiii- I divisions ; aiui the grc.itest attention is paid to the I of the waters at this particular spot, the safety of ■ferdam and tlic adjacent country from inundations CHAPTER IV. AMSTERD.VM. Neither the approach to Amsterdam, nor the entrance into it through the Haarlem gate, holds out to the stran- ger any promise that he is about to be gratified with the sight of a large and bcaLliful city. The environs on this side, far from wearing a tempting appearance, very much resemble that low tract of marshy land, which stretches along the banks of the Thames between Green- wich and Woolwich ; an extensive flat of dark green meadow, intersected with dykes nnd ditches ; but some- wlieit enlivened by the constant whirling motion of some two or three hmidrcd windmills, some grinding corn and seeds, but most of tliciii employed in pumping water from one ditch into another, till finally it is dis|Josed of in the sea. On entering the city, the first object tliat catches the eye of the stranger is a row of tall houses, built without any regularity of design, along a quay facing the Zuyder Zee ; some leaning one way nnd some another, and all out of llie |)eriioiidicular, threatening momentarily to tall. Wo looked in vain for trees, which we had expect- ed to find like those on the Boomjes of Rotterdam. The first turning to the right, however, from this quay, atTorded a more favourable prospect; but still this capi- tal of li&iiand had a sort of Wapping or Thames street npiwarance, and looked inferior in every respect to Rot' terdani. A better acquaintance satisfied us of the error which the first impression had created. Amsterdam is situated on the south bank of the creek or lake Jii of which wc have spoken, just where the river Amstel, after pcu'vatling the city, falls into it from the south. This extraordinary city — beyond all doubt the most extraordinary that Europe affords, not even Venice excepted, as to iLs situation, its rise, and rapid progress to the state in \.'hich it now is — dates back its origin to some part of tlie thirteenth century, it lieing then a mere assemblage of fisliermen's liuLs, perched on the dric;r and more elevated patches of a swamp, but not high enough to secure them completely from being oc- cnsionally submerged by tlic sea. But the sujierabun- dant proiluels which these poor industrious peojile were able to deprive from the seas nnd the waters by which they were surrounded, met with a ready market from their northern and southern neighbours. The result was naturally a rapidly increasing intercourse iMawccn tlic Batavians, the Belgians, and tlie northern natives on the Baltic, witli whom they exchanged their dried and salted fi.tli for various kinds of grain and clothing ; nnd tliis commeree brought the merchants of these countries to their shores, some of whom fcmnd il to their advantage to reside occasionally among lliem, others to form con-^ ncetions, and (himieiiiate themselves entirely, in spite of their bogs and swamps ; to build store and dwelling houses, and to adopt means for the protection of them- selves and their property against the encroachments of the Ai, rendered more formidable by the storms that swelled the Zuyder Zee. Amsterdam is in form of a crescent, its inward curving line and two horns stretching along the .li, the length, by the plan, being about thirteen thou.sand five hundred Rhineland t'eet, and perpondieular from the eentre of this line, seven thousand l\\v hundred feet, or as nine to five: Ihe circumference on the land side twinty-five thousand (ive hundred Rhineland fiet, surrounded by a wall of regular bastions, and a wet ditch, bordered by a row of trees. It is supposed that the first foundation of tlie city was laid along the borders of the .\mstel, which is now the centre. All this part, down to the Ai, is Irregularly bailt, and is surrounded by the Amstel and its branches, the Roken and the Damrack. The streets ai.d canals in this cpiarter arc named the Burgwals ; and this part of the city still retains the name of the ' Oucle Zyde.' Perhaps the earliest building of a public nature is the old Waug, or Weighing-house. The more recent, regu- lar, and well-built streets follow a direction round this cluster, and are parallel to each other, and each of them a crescent, continued from one angle of the city to tlio other. It could only have been when the city had attained a high degree of prosperity that these magnificent streets were laid out and built. Their names are the Hecren Graglit, the Keyscr's Graght, and the I'rincen Graght ; three streets that are not easily to be matched in any other town or city of Europe for their length, width, and the grandeur and elegance of their buildings. They are parallel, as we have said, to each other ; but take the general shape of the town, which is that of a |)olygonal crescent, having all the lines [icrfeetly straight between the angular [loiiits. These stieets are each abc^ut two miles in length, two hundred and twenty feet iu width, bounded by large and elegant dwelling houses, with ii roiial down the middle, crossed by iimiierous stone bridges, and bordered by rows of large trees of oak, elm, and linden, on each side, not inferior to those of the Boomtjes of Rotterdam. The numerous canals of Amsterdam, it is said, divide the city into ninety ditTerent islands, communicating by two hundred and eighty bridges, cither of stone or of wood, the latter being drawbridges, nnd many of the former having sluices to open in the centre for the pass- age of boats, and others for the purimse of regulating the level of tlie water in the canals. These sluices are so placed and so well attended to, that little dangi r or damage is now apprehended from high tides and storms on the Zuyder Zee, which, in former times, was but texi frequently experienced. The mixture of the muddy water of the Amstel with the seawater from the .'li, the filth from the sewers, trom the houses, and the streets, and the olTal from the mul- titude of vessels that are moored in the canals, most of them inhabited l.y whole families, must necessarily have the effect of creating a smell at no t i me agreeable, and some- times highly ort'ensive. Nor is the unpleasant sensation at all diminished by easting a glance at Uie colour which the surface of the water invariably bears, being that of a rich olivaceous green. The smell, however, except in tlic lower and more busy parts of the city, is scarcely perceptible-, unless, indeed, as the old proverb insinuates, llie water be stirred up, which must happen whenever one of the vessels moves her iK'rtli along the canal. It is then gnre I'eau ; and the street passenger, if he bo to Ic^eward, will do well to cross the first bridge he meets with, and get to windward as fast as he possibly can. This peculiar eflUivia has been supposed by some to be injurious to the human constitution, and yet few cities an boast of a more robust and li(;althy set of inhabitants than those are of Amsterdam. It is said to be a fact, however, that no cavalry regiment is ever kept at Am- sterdam, as the horses nil become ill, nnd many havo died, from the badness, as is supposed, of the water. 'I'hc town is served with fresh water from the river Veehl, five or six miles distant, and carried round in carts ; most of tlie houses, however, have cisterns to re- ceive the rain water. It is not iin|)ossible, tliat if tlio water of the canals was not occasionally driven out into t'.ie .'/(', by the admissiem of the pure iresh water of tho Amstel, the air might beeunic infected, and serious sick- ness ensue. Bo that as it may, it does not opjiear that I m ■^'§' 70 A Torn THRoi'cm south iioi.i.ano. ;: .IS, t. ... r 1:1 ^i- ■■r f 1, •*», :i> ^ :-; H^ Amsterdam is more iiiihciillliy than other towns ol' Hol- land, or subject to any partieiilar endcinie diseases. A humid atmosphere prod, ices here, as it every where else docs, fevers and coughs; but aijaiiist the elVccts ol* such a chilling air the natives tiikc care to supply tlicm.«elves with thick anl' the crall. It must be obvious that great quanlitiis of innd will be deposited in these canals, and that a constant expense of lalKiur must he incurred in keeping them clear. This is as much a jiublic eonccru as the cleaning of our streets is by scavengers. They employ for this purpose a dredging machine, worked by horses, instead of a steam- engine, w liich we make use of in tjic Thames and the doek-yards. One of our first visits was to the dock-yard situated at the southern extremily of the quay, on the island of Ivaltcnhnrg. It was in the dusk of the evening, and the guard was already set ; but the ollieer nn guard very civilly viilunteered to wait on the admiral who ordered that we should be inmiediati ly admitted. It has the advantage of a maguilicent basin eommuni- ealing with the .li, at the upper end of which, arranged in a straigin line, are live slips liir building ships of the line, with a scries of roofs over each slip, hut iiniled so as to form one continued hnildlng. -Ad- |oining these were lour other slips, roofed over, for the largest class of I'ligates; and in other parts of the yard were IweKe smaller slips, also roofed, for sloops, schnyts, and other small erall. The larger roofs had each a gallery round them within, just under the pitch of 'hi roof On cnquiriig for what purpose these galleries were made, we wi re told that the only use made of them was to accomuioilate spectators to view the launch of the ship. 'i'hcre was hnt one ship of the line bnilding, the .Jupiter, of seventy-four guns. She Mad a round stern, and was nearly ri'iuly ; tin re were also two furty-t'our gun frigates, mil t«o twenty gun shiiqis. tin observing to our eon- ilni tor that it ap|Mareil they hiiil adopted all our late im- provements, both here and at Itollcrilam — ronnil sterns, ili:igon;.l braces, filling in bilvveen the timbers, &C. — he s:iid thev could not follow a heller example. riiiTc was very little timber in tin yard. It is inoslly livid from the forests of Ilrabant and i''lanili'rs,aiul is hroiight to .\insli rilaiii ready sqiiari il, and siani times fashioneil, by which a great expense of carriage is saved. What other stores they might have, we could not learn; liiit the person who went round with us supposed they iniglit he siillieient to enable them to send a .^lii|i to sea of each class. It was, in fact, too late to go Ihrough the inaga/iiic or store bouse, which is a magiiiliccnl building at the entrance of the yard. Its dimensious are two hundred and twenty by two linndrcil feel; and il is six, if not seven, stories high. An iii^eriptii'ti informs us that it was built in the year Ul."i(!, and completed ready liir use in nine months. In a line at tin upper end of the yard, nnd close behind the I irgest of llir roofed tiers of slips, is a long range of buildings, kept ill very neat order, consisting of the olli- eers' houses, and the iliirerent olliees and workshops nf the several trains, among which we iiiilieeil the bloek- niaker's, the jnitier's, the earverV, the hiaeksiiiith's, the hoii>e.iarpeiiter's, and many others, the whole line oecii- pyiiig a space of not less than a qnarler of a mile. 'I'he number of ineii employed was staled to' he about one thousand live Imiidred of all ilenoniinations, and that all the liboiir of the yard was done by hand, and mostly bv task and job. Time appi and to be yo great cxettinii oil the part of those who Mire at work. We observed twenlytwo men employed, l«o and two, in carrying a plank on tlnir »l iilders, and they moved with it jn»l as we see the conviiis Nauiitering along in I'oitsnionth ili i k- varil. Some small iraU were on the stocks; and a very beautiliil vai lit, dauls'il oMr with gold and blue paint, and eai veil with no mean workmanship, had just Ihiii fmished for the use of King William. The only -hip of war alliml w nr a iVigale lyin(t in the basin, housed over in the same nmiincr an we ncf oiir «hip« in ordinary. In fact Amsterdam lias always been considered ii«; very indilVereiit port, whether lor nicrchantmcn or thiy )f war, on account of the shallowness of water, the slioib ind the ditlicnlly of the navigation of the Zuyder Zn That dillieully has, however, in some degree been obvi;' ■d within these few years, by opening a ship canal I'rr;: the Hcldcr to a point opposite to Amsterdam. This gn-at port, from which it is said about two thw sand sea-going vessels annually clear cutwards, had ;, itlier communiealion w itii the ocean than by the Pnmft. ■lianncl into the Zuyder Zee, by which, added to ij. dangers of the navigation, outward bound ships had fr qucntly lo coiitend with the prevailing adverse wirj from the northward. Then the Pampus channel, «! i, connects the Zuyder Zee with the Ai, is so narrow, ar o constantly barred up, that large vessels were unable pass it at all, without loading or unloading by nieunii lighters, or being tloated in and out on camels. To t! viate thftie inconveniences, the government resolved culling a ship canal from the Hcldcr to Hnyksluys, ir mediately o]i|iosite Amsterdam. This canal, which > lifty miles long, one hundred and twenty-live feet wide ihe surface, thirty -eight feet at the bottom, and twit I'ect deep, was eoinincneed in 18111, and finished in \K at the expense, it is said, of about seven hundred and 11 thousand pound.-i sterling. The level ot the water is p served by means of flood-gates at the two extremilief, Ihe level i5f spring tides; when, at high water, the cji are thrown open to supply any waste that may hnvc I* occasioned during the neap tides ; but it has other scare from whence it draws a supply of water as it paM' through the country. Its course commences at the Pi close to the Hcldcr, where a pier had for some yenrsp bun thrown out into the Zuyder Zee. From hiiirf runs parallel to the coast, along the sea-dyke, as liir: I'elten ; from thence a little easterly to Alekniar ; llur l.ikes nn easterly direction to I'urniereenal; theniY rei tly south to iluykshiys, which is directly op|Misilr .Vinsterdam, and just where the Ai, in its passage In!: Zuyder Zee, has been conlraeted by an artificial dyki, create a < iirrcnt for the purpose of scouring out the il- ml, and preserving a sullieient depth of water in llu' ; of .\nisterilaiii. On the published plan of this canal are marked a ilm;' set of tlooilgales at each extremily, and two or three oil ■ in the interior, for no other purpose, it would appear, li lo retain the water; for as the whole line of coinilrv perfeelly levi I, no hieks, of course, were necessary, the print is represented a forty-six gun frigate, am! Iirge Indiaman, of a thousand tons burden, pii-s Ihrough Ihe sliiiee;i at the same tin',', in the )ear 1'. when the canal was llrst opened. They are reprcsii IS being dragged by six (ir eight horses, each at a t-i'i- not less than three miles an hour. This work iiit prove of 'he greatest importance to Amslcrdaiii, ; renii'dy most ot' its eommereial ineoiixenii'iices, ImiI : that, which is alsive human skill to remedy, of hi shut up foi two or Ihrie ni"utlis ill the year, and soi: times longer, by ice. The groiind, however, is of sn I' a texture, that the banks had given way ill several \iU- anil i: was appi. Iniided that u constant e;viH'nse «i. be ineiirreil in lliilr repair. The piihlie hiiildings in Amsterdam are, perhap*, " remarkable than in iiiosi other cities of the ('oiiIiih but it may be ilonbtid if the city itself, as lo llic «: ;;iiil magnitude of the dwellinghonscs, the width I'l streets, the broiid sheets of water, bordered by the lit- trees, has any superior in I'.nrope. A house with n; teii, or twelve windows on the same Hour in frniit.t «ilh four, five, or even six stories in height, is iii'l: I'ommon in the three great Hirecis we have spokiiin the upper part of the town. .V pair of folding lif usually lead into a eoiitt-yard, round which are nrr.ir; the difi'iTent iillieis, the eoach-house.and stables, nadu I'nqiieiitly a neat garden In hind all; nnd where ll'i' wanting, there are usually some fine llowering flir iiiostly the oleander and iiiyrtle, placed in pots i,, and Van 'I'toinps, so nobly (i.a)inli'd > r'nglanil the somti igiity of the ocean. In some part of tlie Iroiit of the very fnsi lioiipm.: generally in the gable or highest story, May he oliw" a beam of wood piiijectiiig a li'W feel, in which is » I and shelve fur hoisting up goods, furniture, or arliiv merehaiidisi Inr however wealthy a niili'liiKnii iinii or of wliati \< r rank, he has no olqeclion lo /,u"/i nail' ; der Zee. From luiirf g the sea-dyUe, as far iterly to Alckniar; tlur Purinereenal ; thence icli is directly opiHiMlr c Ai, in its passage In' 'd by an artificial dyke I' of scouring out the il' depth of water in the [ canal are marked a i\w: ity,und two or three oil ■ pose, it would appear.i: I whole line of counlrv irse, were necessary, six gun frigate, nut d tons burden, pn->, till'.-, in the year 1'. They are reprcMi horscf, each at a sj'' lour. This work iir ICC to Anislerdani, ineoiivcnien<'es, bill ; ill to remedy, of U: ill the year, ami >"i d, however, is of » oteuii. the very flis, JHjUffiiS eled. It seems, however, there is lint one fl\ that is deserving of particular notice, but lliat one represented as the finest in Europe. It is the hall p^, tlio dimensions of which are said to he one hiiii- 1 and twenty feet long, lil'ty.five wide, and ninety liel (hen King Iioiiis took possession of the Stadhiiis, the i and municipal authorities removed into a building Jtlie neighbourhood which was once a eonvciil, lint Ivertcd ut the liolorinatiun into the Prince's Hotel, I Bubseiiueni y becainc the .Vdmiralty. It is a large 'ding, surrounding a square court, in the middle of cli is a fountain. ["here are at least ten or twelve elr.irchcK of the istab- hI religion in Amsterdam, and churches and chapels ilinost every other sort that can be named. ,\l one the Diilcli were iiitolerunt ill Ihi' highest degree; (.'atholicH, Lutherans, Jews, and .Viiabaptists, and • oilier sect, were prohibited from holding iiiiv public of worship, hut were obliged to congrigate ill pri I houses. Now, however, they are allowed to asseinble, his own church or chapel, for the perlormanee of llie service ; but even yet none of llieiii are allowed me of IhIIs, and some ate not |S'riiiilled to raise a r or spire, lint only a simple turret or cupola. "1 many, indeed, of the established churches have ' towers or spires ; these are ol' no particular eliiss or ■ of archileitiirc, lint nevertheless are of good pro- ions mill ph'iising designs. PerhapH they may Im' |icd. Ill point of size and height, with the iower and i ufSi, Martin's in the Fields, and in point of gene, ipii'iiranre in the areliitei turi', to St. Slury's or the ' cliiinh 111 the Stranil. 'he rel'onners, in taking imssession of tl' • liomaii Piiilir iliurelies, tvsik care to strip them of eveiy oriia- hi and deeoniliiin that could Ih' removed or ticliiied, kiciilarly pictiircH and statues ; they threw down the In, and hiivi- shut out from iiiibhe view the choir, at I Iliad if which the grand altar used to stand; tlnv deinohslied the clia|Mls ami their altars. Thu's bl"''!. the traveller fids little eiiriosit) in e^.'i ring u IcIi chnrcli, I" 'I hi ilnirrli that was dedicated to Ht. Nicholas, naiil, WHS tt statue of the saint as I irgc as lil'e, of M silver, which tliii t'alviiiistn puUcd down and molted. together with the eandelabras and other pieces of plate belonging to the ehnreh. Here, as in the other cliurclus vvc have sci'ii, a balustrade of bronze separates the choir from the body of the church, and on its cornice is an in- scription in Dutch, containing the following piece of his- tory : — "The abuse introduced from lime to time into the oliurch of (iod was here exploded in the year 1,)78." 'I'he allar, as usual, has totally disappeared, and a small plain pulpit supplies its placi', from which eale- eliuincns are examined and eonliniied, and marriages solemnised. In other parts of the ehiirch are sevirul inonuinents, not very interesting, though generally in ii better state i " cvcculion than we liiid llieiii in our own ihurches. 'I'liere are, however, three large |>ainted windows on tlii' loll transept as we go up the nave, which; though eoni- pli'tely ("utholie, the reforining icMiioeliisIs have spared. We all ag''eed ill considering tliciii by iiiucli the be.-l paintings on glass we had ever met w ,U\ ; and tliire is a liistory altaehed to tlieiii, which is Ik lieved to be true, and which ap|H'ars ';o be borne out by eircuni.slaiii'cs. 'I'wo of these windows wire the gill of a wealthy liiirgo- niaster, of the iiaiiie of Claas Van Hoppeii. I'laas was accused of heresy, and of t'avonrinir the new or rclornied reliyion. 'i'lie priests and his conl'es.sor threatened him with cxcoinniunicalion nnli'ss he recanted, and iiiinie- diiitcly undertook a pilgrimagi^ to lionic, to obtain iiliso- liition t'roiii till' pope, who had, no doubt, previously liccii made acquainted with his wealthy circiiinstanecs, and also thiit he was a Ijiiii nviiiil. The |ieiiaiicc iinpuscd by his Holiness was, that he should make a present of two painted gl.iss winilows to the eliureh of St. Nicholas, and that for one v hole year he slioulil ill ink notliing but v.iiter. 'I'he ev^iensc of the glass windows was lint a trillc to a man of his great wealth; lint having never been a water drinker, he lilt eonvineed of his inaiiilily to I'lillil that part of the piiiii.i|iiiiciit. He tliercliire so- licited a second aiidienee, at which he aeqiiainlcil his !Iiilincss that the water of .Vmstcrdaiii was so iinwlnde- soine that no body drank it plain; and all he ri.|iiestid was to be pcrinilti'il to add a lew griiins of corn to cor- rect its ioipiirilies, or lie fi'an d he should die hcl'ore the windows were finished. The po|H' assenteil to tliii rea- sonable riiiiiesi, and ('bias Van Hoppeii took good (?are to malt Ills vvaler well. 'Mie eoriier, in which these windows are, is eaUed tie \ rovvcii Iv'iiir, or woiiirii's choir, there being a grc iil iiiiiiiber of li'inale figures painted in the act of prayer. The arms also of the Van lloppi n family are paintcii on llie i;lnss, iiiiil eiirved also on a toinlistiiiic. 'i'he siibjiv t of the paintiiii; on the first window is the I'S.ilol.ilioM III' the Virgin Mary by the Angel (i.iliriel." The second, thr •• Visit to the \irgiii by her eoiii.iii Kli- zalietli." ilenealli are the two nposlles. Si. P. ler iind Si. Paul. On eaeii side arc a nni.ilier ot' persons on llieir knees, mill among the group on the ritlit is a man cl id in a grey frnek, who i., supposed to In Van Hoppeii; and till:. IS tiic more probal ie, as near to lii.ii is repicscnl d a bishop with his croi ier, on which ore writlcn these words: — " .Nemo lieditiii nisi n sc ipso," Hcaiiliiiil as thesi' two windows are, the third is still more so, and obvinusly painted by a dilVi rent artist. It reprc'i'ii'i a perHoii, snpposid lo be the Holy Virgin, im her death U'll. She is laisiil up by her utlcnd.ints, and liolils a lighted ciindle in Inr hand, tlie tlaiiie of vvliicl. is 111 piTli'ctly natural that Ihe spcilator can seareilv be licve it not to lu' so. A iiiimcrous group surround the .'iiiieli while she is apparently receiving the iiiilifiiin ; and a host of angels hover above, ready to connv th.- loiil of the dyiii;f saint to the regions of bliss. There i« iilolhi r w 'iiilow heliind the choir loverid w ith the paiiitid inns .11 all the biiriroiiiiislers, I'roiii the reloinialioii of I.jVsI ilo'.vn to Mil present time, Tlos church bus what iiav Ih' called iiii elegant tower and ,^pirc, said lo be two iimdred iind liHy feet lii|i|i. In Klill i: wa i liodilv Iiiiil lip by sell vvs, to eniible the worhmen to repiir the foiin. ilation. It is remarked I'ur a fni set of eaiillons, which emit pleasing silvery liiiies. 'I'he new elmri'i, origiii;illy Jediuuted tn St. Peli r, iw to Si. Catlicriiie, .■,laiids on the Dam, elisc to the palace' and new as il was, no doiil I, at the time, it i, now more haii three humlri'il yciirs old. It is said lo In built on Ihe model of the eathednil of Aiiiii iis. The il|. nensions are set ilov> n as three liundrid and liriieii I'l el oiig, bv two hmidred and leii broad; itiiil it is lighted bv 111 li'«s than seventy live large windows. It eoiilaiiis oincofthe Is'st iiiiiderii nioninnents In Itnlland, parlii ii. larly oiic of Admiral de Hir ti r, which has iisur|Hil the pliiee of the grand iillar, 'the pulpit is a giuHl specimen of curved work in wood, siipjiortcd by figuri s of llie fiiiir Kviiii|{cli>ts. liesiiles the steeples or spires of the clinrchcs, there arc four or five lol'ly towers scattered in ilitli rent parts of Ihe eily, most of wliieh have their clocks anil carillons. One of these, standing on the quay, is the Herring Tower, at which the eompaiiy of mcrcliants conieriied in the her- ring fishery hold their mecliiujs iiiiil keep their aecoimts; and this spot, on the return of the boats from the fishery, is said to exhibit one of the busiest scenes that occur ill this great capital. There is another lower on the quay, named the Scr.iyershock 'I'oor, or the lower of the inoiirners, so called t'roiii its standing; nn iji,. fnuA where the wives and ehildren of seamen were aecustomed to lake leave of their hnsliands and I'athers on embarking on fiircign voyages. It is now converted into i llices for those who are charged with the diilies ot'thc port. From the cliiirchcs we pioeeedcd lovievv tlie National .Miiseiim of Pii'tmes in the Ti ippenlinis on the Klove- nierslmrgwal, vvliieh is open daily, except Smidiiys, to slranccrs. The name is taken from that of llic original owner ot'thc house, which was Triji. it is a good bnihling I'onlaining, on two lloors, seven or eight roiiins, well filled with nearly five liiindriil pic- tiiri's, ehietly of the Diilch and Fh misli sehools, and many of them among the liiicst s|H'ciiiiens of the several masters. Some of the lust were rcnioved from Ihe Stad- liuis when it liceame the palaci' ; and to these were added others Ilia! were purchasid at the public expense from private collcclion.s. All which are described in the guide Isioks. The total wont of spcciincns of the school of Italian painling, might render the ninscmn of .Amsterdam of no great csliniation in the eyes of those who can see nothing worth bestow iiig a look upon, but siili|ccls Ircaled in Ihe manner wliieli they are pleased to style the //r»ii iilral ; Ihat is III say, to pruihiee soincthiiii; llmt does not exuclly exist in iialme, but siq rior to it — iiiigelic features, su- pirhmnan foriiis, and beings created out of the fervour .if a heated and liixiiriunl imagination; the story wrapt lip ill some hidden meaning, which ijoiie but the' painter l.iiiiseif can understand or explain; gods and goddesses, nymphs, ciipids, I'awi.s, and salyrs — In slmrl, any thing that is not human or natural, if painled wilh line ilowing lilies and warm eoloiiriiig, is extolli il as the link which coiiiieels pointing w ith pui try ; and so far the cuiiceptioii is just, as liolii of theiii, lo i n.-ine the praise and admira- tion of their votaries, must deal in liclioii. The Dutch and Fh'inish paiiitirs !,re .iioslly content to lidlow na- liirc, and only fail when they all'i nipt n.iin thing that is beyond her. Hubens hiiiisrlf never siiccicds so ill as where he alti iiipts w hat iv i ailed allegory. It is in soiiio of those pieces where he liiiind il necessary lo introduce cr< atiiics like iiolliing that exists on earth, 'and where his linialis are such imeoiith beings, as alinost to jiislify llie rcsi iiililiiiiie thiy were said by one of his critics to' hear to l''laiiilers' I'larcs, < )in nevt visit was In the park or plantation— /l^/H^/;■if, as it is generally called by the iiiliabitanls. Il is sitiialed mar the sontliern extremity of the city, at the end of that noble stiiel, the Hcereii (iraglil, and is Hiirronnded by canals; iind, iieeonling to the space it ap|M'ars to oc- eiipy on the plan, may be aliiiil one ihouMind yards loiijf by live hnndreil broad ; or, in exleiil of siirliiii'l about one hiindiid acres; il eontiiiiis some tolerably fine trees, and is laid out ill straight walks, at right angles to i .leli other. Near one cornel is a small botanical garden, consisting; I'hietly of nil dii inal plants, bin not to be mciilioued ullur the garden of la yihli. Not fir from the park is the stone bridge nverthn Am- r.li'1, where Ibis riven liters the city in n fine lironil sheet of water, and willi so ('• "lie a current as scareely to Iw neiceplihle. It is called, one knows not why, the (.over's llriil^e. It Is said to lie six Iniiiiln i and sixty liel hmg, and SI veiily liet wide ; it liasi li vm arches, with piers of slone misoiiry iiiivi il with brlek.w.irk, uppari iitly of solid and well.i'Mi'iitid workmanship. I''ri.iii the I'enlre of this bridge is a favoiiralde view ol' the eily on one side, and on the other an extensive prospect ovi'i the lint siir- I'acc of Ibis singular eomilry, divided into spropriaijd to some particular class of mer- chants or traders ; and here people of all nations daily as- Bcinble in crowds, at a particular hour, for the transac- tion of business. 'I'his crowd wore a very J(;wisli and shabby ap|Harancc, which made one of our party ohserv that he never saw such a multitude of monied men to- gether, that looked so very nmch like a set of pickpockets, llaving since visitid the slock exchange of lioniion, and the bank rotunda, he is (pule ready to qualily the harsh opinion he had pronounced on the merchants and money- ciiangers of .Vmslcrdam. A similar crowd, with a gnoil sprinkling of Jews, were loitering daily about the lottery olliccs, which are nu- merous in the neighbouring streets, and particularly almiit the Dam. 'I'lic prevalence of gambling is a vice, from which the Dutch government has no scruple in de- riving a considerable revenue. The little time we had to spare would not admit of oiu' visiting all the numerous institutions with which this city abounds, for the alleviation of human misiry and distress 'II all their various slia|Hs. 'I'he several hospi- tals, generally kept distinct, for the reccplion of thi'aged, the inlirm, and the desolate; the blinil, the k.me, the widows, and nrpliaiis; Icpr foundlings, and for those de- prived of reason ; of « hich, taken logilher, there appears to Im' not fewer than forty, most of them large and con- venient buildings. 'I'he various prisons, and bouses of correction and of industry, are said to lie unili r a better BVNleni of control and management, than arc most of a similar description in other parts of Kurope. These several cslablishiiK iits have been founded by, and derivi' their support either from the public, tlie seve- ral religious .''Oiietiei, or rich individuals, p.irtieiilarly widows who are lel\ in good eireumstanees, and who arc frequently most liberal contributors I" charities of this kind. Hut to make ourselves aci|nainled with the details of the management of institutions of this kind required too iiukIi time liir a llyiiig visit, anil we were theieliire reluelantly obliged to bi' satislii (I with viewing, as we did most of lliem, I'XtiTiially. \Vlielher these various establishments are capable of relleviinr the whole mass of hiiinan wretehedness which this capital, in common with all large cities, must con- tain, would require a long resilience to determiiu ; bill Wi' could iiol help in.ikliig the same remark here as in Itiitterd.im — that in all our raiiihlcs we had not met with a drunken |Mrson in the strei tsj nay, more. Unit we hail not obseiAed a man, woman, or child, in rag--, or mi 1 with a rial object of compasunii in any part ol'llietown; and till only U'ggars that ai rosled us, and those were in Home 111" the lower parts of the Inwn, were decrepit old men. The truth is, I'liit if a yuiing sturdy beggar should Ih' discovered Ic.ising passengers liir alms, the police would instantly sei/e hold of liim and send him at oiue III one of the work-himn", wlien, if be refused to |ht- form the task set him, he would In' treated with a spell nt the pe.nip. 'I'hose who are al the head of the poli'e are not mi iqueamish in llilliind ns sve iiie. There is none of that I'earfiilni ss and timidity, — none of the iionsensieal HiMci his and eonversations whiell our />(ig//()n/j of the r.ast and of the U'eiit are ho I'oIiiI of imiking, for llie plea, mireof SCI iiigtliemseKcBexlubitiil in the daily pa|K'rs, — none of the I'lissiplng, for the gi iitleinen of tlie preKS to dciail In their respietivc joii lals, whenever a rogue or Vngtiboiid — i'»|M'eially one ol notoriety — liap|KliH to Im' brought heliire them. The law III llollind ii rlrarly dellncd, nnil, if the furt Ih' proved, the iniigistrntc Ins ni other line to pursue than to ilireet tlial the law shall take its course; iiiiil thus the Iiiiblie III relnved from u imiMince, and so.iely In mliteil ly the exninple. "All rogues, »agul>oiids, and slnrily lii'^gars," wliicli the net of KlitalMth, in our nlatiite InmiK, iirolesseK to set to work, the Dutch take gomi eare ■liall Ih' set to Work ; and they uNo lake care to have ri'iidy in hand, what our statute likewise directs to have 111 hand, "n eonvenieiit st'k of (lii<. hemp, wool, thrend, corn, and other neiTsBary ware iiud :<(urt', lo set the jHior on work." T.I aid Ihr ]iiilice in the prnisinvorlliy lank of lindiiiK lltalUI lilxmr for llic iwor ami idle, "The Morioly of Kriendsof Humanity and Public Utility," have establish- ed an agricultural colony called Frederik's-oord, near ^Sleellw•yk, on the eastern side of the Ztiyder Zee, win re the land rises into barren heaths and downs. This insti- tution is said to have answered so well, that the king of Denmark undertook to form a similar establishment in his doininions, whieh, however, tiiiled. " No loose women arc permitled to infest the streets of .Vmsterdain; and the public eye, therefore, is not oft'ended by their indecent and immodest conduct. Private haunts ot' inteinpcranec and debauchery, it is well known, arc whikcd at, pcrhajis sanclioned,by the government, which could not lie prevented either here or elsewhere; and on tliis ground it may, |)crliaps, be deemed politic to allow them, liut tlio.se disgusting dens of prolligaey, known by the name of s/h i/-liouscs or tiiusaua, ti-iMiuenlcd by both sexes, and to which, on certain days of the year, re- spectable families vierc in the habit of taking their chil- dren, to w itiiess scenes of vice in their most odious shape, in order to disguiittlicm — a lesson of doubtful morality — can scarcely now Im' said to exist, except among the very lowest of the inhabitants. The police of the city appears to be excellently regu- lated. l{obbcries oi house-breaking arc of rare occur- rence. The minisler intrusted with the police lakes care to employ stout young men, who may be seen in the evening walking in pairs ; and these are eH'ieient guard- ians of ]icace and quiet during the night, (hir new and excellent police establishment is not unlike that of Am- sterdam. Kxeepting about the quays, where there is always some .sliinv of business and bustle, and in the Warmoos ."'^traat and Calvers Straal, in both of whieh are llie prin- cipal shops lor all kinds of wares and mereliaiidi.se, and wliich may l«' compared, in point of wealth, w i'h the ■Strand in London, but w ithoiil the advantage of its side paveinenl.s, Amstcrilain appeared to Ih^ just as dull and gloomy as the west end of London is in the month of • htober; and this arose apparently from the same cause, the merchants and gentry being at Ibis time absent at llicir country villas, enjoying thenisclves, — some in the s])orts of the field, contlncd mostly to the shooting of rabbits, and others in the tulip and hyacinth bedsuftlicir neatly-lrimnicd gardens. It was generally adinitled that the trade, and conse- quently 'he prosperity, of Amsterdam had not yet re- covered, since the peace, from the shock which they had here, as in Kottcrdaiii, cx|M'rienced by fraternizing with the Kreiieh repnhlii alls ; and it was also admilled, as a natural consequeiice, that the piqiulation had greatly dc- I reaseil. The whale-tishery, once the source oi' great we.ilth, had entin'ly eeasiil; and the Kast India trade and possessions, to which had bt<'n niain'y owing the prosperity, the splendour, and the inaritime |Hiweroflhe nation, had now become a source of vast cx|H'iidilure, witlioiil a hiqa' of their ever reeovering their ancient pros|M lily. .As a proof of the declining stale of Oricntol commerce, tlie I), 1st India House and its inaga7,ii.es on the island of (toslcniHirg are erumliling into ruins. 'I'liey are lully SI iisilile that liny mver can, iind"r any eireunistances, prill ml to compete .villi the Knglish and llie .Americans in the Mast liidi.i and China trad''; and the opiniiin of the soiiiiilest polilieians is, that the best thing llicy can do would be to abandon the trade :iii(l posseKsions altogether. 'i'he bad iii.'inagcment iind grasping avarice of the Diiteli sirvanlK in Java have created a relH'lhon amniii,' liiiir millions o," jHople, wliniii thai active, intilligenl, /I aloiis, iinil liuiiuiiK' govcri ir. Sir Sla iiliird llallles, had made li.'ip|iv, pros|i<'roiis, and free. I'ndi r his rule they had lieeii ' '■ veil I'roin the pnvvi r of Ihelr o| pri s 'iis, and freed I'ro "1 that iiii|H'litie and iiii{uhI »yiitcin ol exactions and forced deliveries of pnidiice, which tlin Mutch liad iniiHiHcd on Iheir land and their labour. It ivas a great mistake on our part, in the negotiations for |M'iice, to have vahintarily surrindcrid this line isliind and its four millioMs of |N'iiple to the Dutch, as an act ol' generosily to u fiilliii nalinii, for as to any claim on us, they had none. Tin y never were, and it was not likely till y I ver would Isi nine, popiibir iiiiiong the JavaiieiH Till ir pyHleni of (Hiliey has gone far to ruin ihis noble iilaiid, niid llicy have rcn|M'd nothing but illa|;race, i lie drawn from the few remarks we made of Amsterdam is, what many persnns have m posed to he the case, tliat it is a very dull, and tin rd, not a very interesting place. The fact, however, i.< i so : there is always something going on to excite i.u, tion. Mrs. Montagu says, that she mver could iukv sl.ind what the exiiression ".stock-still" meant till. visited Amsterdam, when she at onci^ felt its full i;,. No doubt the "slocks" or " stakes," of which llii-u- : so many thousands along the ipiays of Amslcrdaiii.u, "still" enough; but the sea by which Ihey are suiioi ed is not always so. The canals are " still," bul ll;. ,: eonstaiilly moving about in them is not so. The , i of a town I'roni which two thoiisuiid vessels clear lu' mially, or about six daily, are not likily to U- ".«i, and if Mrs. .Montagu had gone «.j/i«/(/;(ng in Warn Straal, or Calvers Slraat, she would not have found i- "still" life there. No city, liir its size and population, abounds with in .societies liir the enlliv.atiou of !iler„tiire, science, and line arts, than .-\nistcrd..ni. It has an academy of |i,<; iiig, seulplure, engraving, and arehitti lure. At the !■ iiKii/iii^ a most rcspeclablc society lor the eneour;: nient of every branch of art, science, and literaliin, physics, musie,aiid even coiiiineree and political i ei.in, lectures are delivered and di.s.sertations read on all . jects. They have a library stocked with books in al, partments of science; a collection of plaster casts t- ancient statues; a chemical apparatus, and a collm of mathematical, pbilo.sophicnl, and even musical in,i nieiils, and they give concerts. All these arc coiiliiu, in a very liandsonic linilding. The Society of Public I tility is common to cvcn-i and town in Holland above the rank of a village. Seln, of every kind are iiimierniis. Those liir the |MK)r an- s to be well attended by iiiori^ than four thousand eliildr' Ihey are under the direction ofa certain nuinhcr nf m- tors, who admit the children of tliti |M)or without disii tion of religious sects. The shorlness of our slay would not allow us to f i any coriect conclusions as to the stale of society, 'f ladiis seldom appear in public, and run ly in the sire excepting in the two whirc llie principal vhops an ; very few carriages of any kind arc seen In Amsli nl One of the most common, which serves the place ol' hackney coaches, is a small-bodied coach, like a Krl);l: "Fly," without wheels, and lixed on a wooden sli. drawn by a single horse, and attended by a man r w.ilks by the side, to prevent it iVoni upsetting. I Dutch of both sixes now dress pretty much in the v, maimer is other Europeans. The Kriezlnnd ladies, l eier, h'-.M' a |K'culiar head-dress, consisting ofa sniiil; close to the lic.id, to each side id" which, and eovcriin: tempk's nearly as far as the lycs, is altaehed a |1 ' gild. The fn>t iiiipression whieh this odd ap|Hii gives is, that the wearer iiiust have been trepamicil. I tasteless heail-dress, with its cap and golden Haps, i- I cos! I'roiii tin to twelve pounds; but beluga disliiu from the vulgar, it is considered cheap eiioiigli. Tl l'rie-/.laliilers wear Is ■■des golden ringlets round ll.rii- and pendants from the ear. They are said to be im ingly Iciiacious of their aneient customs and drens. - a' (1 of their language, which differs is rnucli fniiii derii Dilleli as the Klcmish iIihs, The dress of the lades of Aiiislerili;in iv Frem li that usually worn by tradesiinn's w i\es and ier\:ii i ilitfers but little from that of the snme classes in I'lr ■ Ml pi Ihat the latter deseriptinn of Hollandi i> ran ly any suinmer i oMiliig en tin ir heail but a i Ihey f-eqiii nlly wear loin el.aiks with IiikiiI<, as r .Nellierhinils. The men also iii w dress lunch II i as with us. The little round hat, tlic pnekereil and the wide bricches of the men have eiitin-U |Harcd, except among some of the norlherii ti-la n and the saiiii kind of Imt, the jacket, and sliorl |h lli displiying a pnirol' sky-blue stockings, have been ii| deserted by the I'eiualcs. Ilolli sexes ap|H'ar liealtliy, which iilir ilnelor« snv iiiiglil mil In do in a ehimile so humid, niid aii-i, sti iieh from slagiiani eatials so deleterious. Tlie H<- »e undirslissl. iiiiioiml to alHnit Iwciily n day. on a |sipnlalioii of eiic liiirdn d and eighty iln! gite an average i>;' four |s'r cent.; a itiucli grentir lahty than the averuri of Kiiro|M'nii i ities. I III' ciinnot « ulk the lenKtli of a sireel in AeiM" without mieliogn i ' rtaiti gfiilleiiian drevseii m ' with a er.qs' i ' |H>iidiiif from his hni, and a slml ' per in his baud He in known by tin iialiie nl r niiiirkrr, •aiiiioiioeer, or re|s>rter,) whose biisliii<< to go riiunil to till- relill\r« and aequnintaiires ul eeiisi'il |s rson, to announi' his dentil. To give ltd''' the fVieiids of Ihr birth uf a uhihl, ■ irrlllcn ImlM' Having Rrd to .An en extern ' the days ur arraiigi iMir wa piles, M-hii sing ov( hreateiiing IHissible, jlvcr, we h pr wliieh w lion- lor till arts of Hill cssanlly ; I'eii ill I'll Inieriingen, I'll iiiik's li pay tiiurl baking the Bglil miles,) jorses wilhi ay and n III 'I'he lirst I hroiigh a ee mil liy can little sunn lose overloo Vighli'iil to ^elly," us (1 elliiigs of I", walli d bur green d ^aiiy illli-jies tradk' evten put ill IS Ih ' till eminlr ^egaliim of | |ld passed Ih [eilKen-iiy (., I'tI of lli III I III on th It wa: intcrsee Iniii runs heri llil nliiinstof I Iw- along (||, Inril Were see ^111 ll Wi re Ol [lii.iling Ihr I \' l!iedi«ta ^■■"Ijiii, tll« f I m A TOlfR THROUGH SOUTH HOLLAND. 79 any |)i'rsi)iis liiivc m •iry (lull, iiiid tlicril, e tact, liowtnvr, isi iiiiig on to excite lilii he never coiilil mii'i ;U.still" nieimt till . once fell its l'"ll 'm S," of Wllicll lIlIU' : yH orAinstcrdnni.v.. liieli they are suiiiir ire "still," l«it II" '■ I is nol BO. 'I'Ik ' i nd vessilH clear crii' ii,t likily to bf "si,. ii-shofiiKiiil in ^ani lid nol hiive ibuiul u tioii, atxinnds with m er..tnre, seience, iiiwl' lus un academy of|i;i; •ehitteliire. Atthe /■ iety lor tin' eneour:. ienee, and literatnn, eeanil political eciiim rtations read on nil ■ ked with Imokn in ah on of pk.sler casts Ir |iar«tus, and n colli n and even musical iiii: All tlu'Be arc conluii, in common to every ( rank of a village. Suli.. hose lor the [XMir arr s II four ihouBand eliililr- a certain niimher of «■ the i)oor without di>it nnld not allow u« to i' he sUite of nociety. T and riirt ly in the strce ■ principal vhops are; i I are seen in AniRtcnlo eh nerves the place of ilicd coath.likeallrii'li xed on a wooden ulnir attended by a nun «: it iVoni npwiling. T pretty nnieh in the ":■ he Krie7.land ladies It , conHistinijof a sniiil; f which, and eovcriiii; les, is atlaehed a ]V- hii h thin odd apjHii; liave been trepunneil, 1 p and (.'olden Haps, b K; lint lieinca distiiir <1 1 henp cnouph. 'li n rn\(!letH round tl,ri« [hey arc Miiid to \tf i m- It eiiKliuiiK and drew,- lirt'erB if much from inislerdr.ni iy Frcncli; |i's wivcK and ier\!inl • Hiiineela»KC» in I'l'i' lliim of llollaiidii'< I thi ir head but a ..i|', IkH with h(>iMl«, UN in I w drc»»i nmeh IIm' "■■ Ihal, tin puiki ml p. Incn have entirrl> < > Itln- northern li"liin ckel, and •horl i>ilii' IckinRK.bavelH'iiKii'B Ihiell ,iurdo Tm by thi nai '' ' Ir,) whofc buKiiii'" ll aeipininlaiirc" "' lleMh. To K'"' '"''"' lid, ■ wrlllPn h'dlfi' Jtonu^Mtlv Stuck up on the door-imst of the house, statinK !5e hc'iltli of the mother imd chihl to be, as usual, as asell as can be expected." . ■ . Mt If Amsterdam should happdy regain its fiimicr state tar prosperity, it will either be necessary to build on the ifcoulevards, or till up the ailjoininj; polders; thouf;h it is .»obable that, in such an event, another city would ri.se '^i the north si'te of the A i, opposite to the old one, either K ock-sluys, where the grand canal enters it, or at ttidain. or" more /ropcHy Saaudam, where the Czar b« Older the >•»«•• of Peter Michaelhol, learnt the .f ship-buildM** , and "here the late i;iiii)eror aiuler, wlien at A*iiii»»rdiUii, visited the cabin ami Us _ nielv furniliire of Ims great ancestor. .''That side of the Ai is preferable as a port to this on 4M>"^> the O'ty i'o» stands, being the wcatlier-shore, and Ob' -d from all *uids. 'I'he king is said to have it in Mii: .Illation lo apiwint coimiiissioncrs to examine and ^pporl .11 his naval establishments, lie could not do het- Zp than remove the dock.yard of Am.sterdam across tli<' 5pnt ill I'Ireeht, we determiued to proceed us fa' .i- ,1111 riingen, a small town, or rather village, about 8i\. ell miles liirlhcr en. l'"or this distanc*' vv ^irga'.i-. c piiy lourteen guihiers, and two more ii.- Ihi t 'At- bilking the whol;; sum Ihirly-five guilders for llri -, Ughl iiiik's.whieh was perforiiied by Iwover • inditii u ,,1 jor.scs without halting, except lo give then. ' . .rs.l if uy and a little water. 'I'lir tir-t part of the road after leaving A.n < Inm is |ir(Migh a eentiiiued aieniie of moderate sIzmMu ,s, iio'. Prcd by I'lmals, with gardens, villas, and the sa'iu ki ■•! little summer houses wi' hive so olleii loei'; >■ :'. nn kosi- overlooking tlie rond. It was ipiite am " "g ..ml yiglituil to pass so many :ieal Iioiisch, " whlii,.ucally felly," as one id" our rountrymeii calls tiie ei'vilry ydlings id' the niileh, siirroiindrd by their liltli ,'nr- biiH, walli d ill, as it were, within sipiare em lis. r s ot kur grei 11 dykes, and, as n nceessary ap|M'mlnge, as |any ditches. Sometimes these enelosures are ofeoiisi- kralile extent, coiiliiiniiig seviral \iil.is, and the placi ■ut in IS then called a i«ililii; nn ll wi re on the boundary of the llaiirleiii ,Mier, li r. itiiig Ihe lioriitim, \i <'«• di»iance nf some six or nown mill's (Vnni Am- ^rdiii.. till) fice of the country l^•'gin• l«> clmii({e for the better. Something like woods and copses now be- gan to show themselves, and the grounds were enlivened liy good, substanti;d, and gcnlleiiiauhke houses, and these became more frequent as we advanced to the soiilli- .vard. The surface, loo, was more broken and varied as we approached I'trccht. Here, indeed, the northern branch of the lihine, which passes through the town of Utrecht, begins to show something like rising banks, and ill passing Ihiough the town the stream is so far below the general surface of the country, Ihat the streets and the houses are considerably above the Icvi^l of the water, to .vhich the inhabitants descend by laddiis, soii'.etinies from the second story. The Ihcl i.s, that th • general surface of the country having ri.scn into some thing like hills at I'trccht, it was no ea,sy matter to cause the river and its canals to rise to the level of the houses; they thcrcliire sunk the houses to the level of the canals. We saw at once, therctbre, that we niust here take leave of the llat gardens, their lish ponds and ditches, and their corresponding little summer houses, w liicli had atlbrdcd us so much amu.scmenl. The only striking object that appears from the rjad is the old church of rtretehl, partly in ruiii.s, with its noble towel, said to be liinr humlred tect high. The once celebrated university has lost its character, and is nearly deserted by students, and the professors are said to be reduced to a slate of great poverty. The [lopulalion is reckoned at about thirty thousand, one half of whom are catholics. We had now to ilrive along a noble avc. line of liiideu trees, three or liiiir deep on each side of Ihe road, and of an intcrmiiiable length to the eye. We have 111 1 u told, indeed, that the mall of I'trccht is the lincsl in the world ; which, beautiful as it certainly is, eamiol,as we all thoughl, he put in competition with tlio.se niagniliecnt avenues of llaiiiiilon Court and of Dusliy I'ark, whose noble trees of linden and horsechest- iiut tiir CXI 1 id in beauty any that Holland can produce. .N'eitlu r has it any th! ioleuii being created emperor ; but we could nol i ci \.'. tlia' it was hcM in any kind of respect by the ' )ntcl< .\s ViC dp, .'omlied Ai ici'iingcii Ihe soil beeanie more «a 1 ly, t '■ i.e ^ral suriuce of the coimlry more undulal- ed, iiimI .V ihii-jrved, for the first time since entering llnllanu, that rounded pehhlcs were imlicdded in the bunks by ' e road side, as if this indieated Ihe aiiciiiil beach or ha'iv, ,d' ihe Uliiiic, when that mighty stream 11 ly h.i'e llowcd I v rds lllrecht in its intigrity, anil ' .'liire it had been il vn'cd and diverted. Il has Iscn ohsiTvi c that on the gates of almost all llu villus or parks some iiiseriplion or inollo is wrillcn up; hcic houevir Ihe eiistoin seems to he lo pulili>li in the same nianner the naiiie of the posNcssor of the do- main, r.iiil generally with a notiticaliiMi hi warn oil' |maeliers. Thus we l'rei|Ueiilly see " Jan I'clcrsonV ynght," " privali' ynglit, lyn • igi n yiighl ;" that is, .fohu IVter oi 's shooting-ground, | rivufe shooting, or lor my ovm diooling. t'his kind of notice, it would seem, it 1 1' t'a' ''ir keeping out poachers or intruders; liir the )i ,nie laws in Ilulland arc as strict or nioie so than in l')iiglaml, and the license reiunred liir shiHiliiig is said lo Ihi n'licli iiiori' ev|H'iisive, and the pcnallv m iiro|Hirtio!i. I' IS 'lot easy to iinagin.', however, what kind of game tlu.i emihl piitnibly be to Iiiiill or siioot in some nf thisc small domains of » few acres; lint dilUi- ml notions of sporting are cnlertrined by dilli reiil na- tions : Ihe oiide stadhoiidcr is said lo have Miniisi d hiiii- ri If by conrsiiig hares and rabbits iii the court-yard of his piilnce, and Ihe old king of Naphs i iiioycd the pleasure of xhmdiiig tame ducks iVom n window as they were drivel, |uint it ill Ihe poiid. ll may Ih' taken for granted, however, that where there is ph nly of gsine lo eat, there ioi|..| he plciitv of game lo sIkhiI, and we e\|»" rii III III I'll want III ll on our loiinii y at table; but it dill no hap|Nii thni. In th) wliule of our route tlirnngli Holland, and along the Khine as far as Mciitz, from thence !o Frankfort, and on our return from Cologne through the Netherlands, we never saw a single phea- sant orpartridge, cither running or on the wing; yet the latter in particular was served up at table daily through- out the moiilh uf August. To make nmends, hares and rabbits were sicn skipping about in great abundance. We were now travelling along a very extensive do- main of a genllenian whose iiaiiie, if it was not the name of his place, appealed ut every little gate and opening of til' wood — i' was lirookhuyscn, to which was here and there added " inyii cigen yaght." This property continued for at least a mih', and the planta- tions of young firs that bordend Ihe road were very ex- tensive on both sides, and rabbits ill scores were every where seen skipping across the road. We were now on rising ground, and had evidcnlly taken leave of every thing like a level meadow, ;iii,l all Ihe open spaces in the woods and copses were under cnllivalion. Here toe on Ihe rising ground to the Ull we observed for the first time a few long-haired sheep hiowsing on Ihe heathy land. The crops oil the right were ehielly confined lo huck- wheal, of which we pa.ssed some bundled acres by the road side in the course of the latter half of this day's journey; hut this grain, with Ihe exception of a tew fields of oats and some patches of chner and potatoes, was the only kind that we observed. It is used here, as ill China, for making the lighter and finer kinds of pastry. From the i|iiaiitily of tresli ploughed land, iiowevcr, it is probable that the wheat harvest had been got in and the stubble turned under by the plough. The road itself the wlude way was smooth and bcautit'ul, and as level as a howling green, 1ml ill some fi'W places, where the level surfc i was intcrrnpted, it was covered with gravel. The only inn at ,\inermigeii is the post house, not cry good as lo aeeoniiiioilatiuii, but the people extreme- y .'ivil, and desirous of making it as comforlahle as our miexpeeted visit and I heir nicans would allow, which is all that a traveUer has a right to expect. We paid, how- ever, fiir their civility — the charge fiir a bad supper, and an equally bad breakfast, with lodging, being twenty- seven guilders, or forty-five shillings, just alioiil double of that which the best hotel in .\iiislerdani would have chargcil. Indeed we have invariably fiiuiid, what is perhaps not mireasonahle to expect, that at the first ho- tels, where the liire is best, the charge is least. (Ill the luorning of Ihe l.llh at nine o'clock we htl .Vmcrungeii, and proceeded with the same horses that had broiighl us from .\msterdani, and which were to carry us to Arnlieiiii, a dislanee of more than twenty miles, fiir sixli ,'11 guilders. This town is not precisely ill the direct road, but the rain which had eonliiiiicd iii- ecssanlly lo fiill in to-. cuts fiir eight and forty hours had made the lower and usual road ipiite impassable. That, howevrr, hclweeii Aiiieriiiigen and Arnlicim proved to be quite delightful, perfielly level, and with a very geiille curvature or rise in the middle, II was co- vered willi clinkers, and we li.iil ollcii remarked, in pass- ing over one of these roads, thai the water never re- mained on any part of llieiii. The last two days satis- lied us, that let it rain as hard and as long ns il may, not a drop of water will be sc eii standing on either any part of Ihe niiildle or the sill) s of the road, prov ided il is |iro- pi riy kept in .irdcr, as they all seem to be. This may Ih' iioliiid as a (i.i I, but we were unable s.ntisliictorily lo accoimt fiir il ; perhaps, however, il may Ik' explained by supposing Ihe clinkers lo lie laid on a bed of fine sand, and this pirhaps on faggots, which would let the water pass lliroiiiih the ■ revices Is Iween tin hrieki, and into the snbslrala lhal siipiNirl them. (In approaehini.' ilii ancn lit foililied town of Itli mil, the Uliiiie, or III il branch of il which passes close by this place to llii iiorlhward, now ap|H'iircd in its natural eharacler of n fine llowing stream, wiiiilinv (lose alon)( a blink on vvbiih we travelled, elevated sinr-d feet ibi.vc its surfaii', il having licrc completely lo«l its sf. • iiiid shiggisli motion, iiiore like Ihat ol iii attiliei,il • a mil than a river. Khei n n Is all aniienl town, in whieli Uierr i# liUJa lo excite a stranger's alb nlion, exei pi il he Ihe towir of the old elinrch, whi' h is a IhiIiI and siriking specimen of III nvy (hithle. Ill Ihe iieiglihourliond of this town, the land ap|H'iirs to he neiillv and eioi fully ciiltiviiled, ehielly with tobaeeo. ll is phinlid ill s' nil squares of n risiH, >ir sometimes less than a half a i ihI in rxteni, Ihe side of each square being piniilcd by n row of the liirgn Flench kidney bean, or senrlel ri iin rs, which hud now reached Hip hi iglit of six or seven I'ecl, uiid fiirmcd n close liedyr nil round the iiltle plantuliiiii* (o iccurv tlm • ll no A TOUR THROTMJH SOimi IIOTXANI). I '■(»'■ }.. broud leaves of tlie lobucoo plant from tlio wind. Tlie bean was now in fiili blossom ot scarlet flowers; und the ground on the rijflit of the road being covered as far as the eye could roach with these putclies of tobacco, the face of the country in that direction i)resented a very singular and beautiful a|>|)curance. On the left of the; road, the surface rose into hills of considerable height, sometimes covered with thickets of brushwood, mixed with small plantations, in some plarcs, of Scotch tirs and Weymouth pinep, mingled with oaks, beech, and birch. These, with the heaths and the lorn intermixed, gave this |Kirt of the comitry very nnicli the appearance of many of the hcutli lands of England ; the more ho, uh the road twisted and winded among them, as is usually the ca;c in our own country. A little beyond Uhcenen wc descended to the valley of the Rhine on our right, where all was llat, and we observed in places extensive and high enihaiiknients to protect the plain against the encroachment of the river. The approach to Arnheini is particularly striking. It is through an avenue of fme Ix'ech trees near two niiles in length, and the vista terminated by a lofty old tower of one of the churches, with the Khine on the right, nnd the rising grounds of the letY covered with villas, and well clothed. The environs of Arnlieim were really beautiful; |>erhaps lliey may but npiiear to greater ad- vantage atler Icaviuf,' the sombre flats of the neiglilmur- hc >d of Amsterdam. On arriving at .\rnheim, our horses, ns may be sup- posed, were entirely knocked up ; and ns the fmely paved road oi" clinkers had here ceased, and a sort of rude iMncadami/.ed road commences, it would have been madness as well as an act of cruelty to have taken them on to the spot where we were to cross the Waal to Nimegnen. We therefore prevailed on our honest Dutch driver to let his i har-a-bane proceed with us to that spot, a distaiue of abcjiit nine miles, with i pair of fresh horses from the inn, for which we were reijuired to piy the reasonable sum of live guilders. The moment we had got through tlio town of Arn- lieim, we crossed the Khinc over a long Ktone hridire, the approach to which, and for some tiiiio on the other side of it, was over a very execrable road. We were now on the level vaUey of the Rhine, and hi^tween it and the Waal; the surface was low oinl swampy, and the road continui'd very indifferent ; it ap|H)ared as if W( had two enibanknuiits, one on the left to keep out the Rhine, nnd an immense one on the right to prevent the eneronehnieut of the Waul. It appeared also, as we afterwards found to be lln> ease, that the great public road to Rheeneii, on which the rain here prevented US from travelling, was on the summit of this great bank. We arrived nboni three o'clock at a small inn on the right bank of th" Waal, directly opposite to Nimeguen, und the access to which is partly by a bridge of boal-i, and paitly by a tlying bridge, the former extending to about l.'ie middli' ot' the stre.im on tins side, and the Lit. tor over the other half next to Nimeguen. A ferry is not the most desirable method of crossing n rapid river ; but of all liie dillVrent kinds ol' lerryint', that by means of what is cilled a living briilgi' is considerably the best und most eoiivenient where it can be adopted, which is only where the river li.as a considerable eurrent. An anchor is lixed nt a eerlnin distanc" up the stream, al- ways greater than the breadth of the river, from which u cable of rn|x' or chain passes to lbs phitforin of the ferry boat, which is here supported on a couple of large Iwrges. This cable is Inioyrd np by passing over such a number of boats ns may be lininil neecjsnry. If the rudder of tlii' large plall'orm he moved so us to tmii the heads of the supporting Imrgis about a |M)ilit of the lonipass towards the stream, so as to let it act against the side's of their bows, '.hey will, of course, sheer across, or oscillali' like a |K'ndidnm, with a slow nnd unil'orni motion, to the op|>osile side, me cable nnd its supporting Isnts edging over 111 the dire lion of the platform. Ily having the height of the iilalform the «ann' ns those ol the Iv.o piirs or landing place s on the sidi s nf tin' river, carriages of any site, carts or waggons, without uij. yoking the horses, may driv • u|Min it and pass over 'without disturbing passi'iiuer i or baggnge within them Till! young rrinee of llolinlid, wliosc exiM'rted arrival in Anisterdain had preveiiled us from seeing the imluee, crosmid over this evening in n carringe drawn by »ix liorsun, not one of wliieli was Inkeii on', nor did the coarlimaii or |uislilionK leavi' their scats. Having got our dimmr nt the lltllo inn, aim! Ihi ■loam iMint nuiking its np|Mnrnncn. tlioiigh at n eon. sidcrablo distance, wc crossud ovrt by the Dying brid||i>, and wailed the arrival of the vessel at Niincgncn. The piiKsagc-moncy for six persons in llie great cabin, which we liirtnnately had to ourselves, nnd a servant in the tiire-eabin. from hence to Cologne, was one hundred and llmr guilders, or W. 13s., the distance being more than n hniuhed miles. On departing from Ni'negupn in llie«tenin boat, wo took leave of the last town of the United I'rovinccs r.t Holland that we should have the opportunity of seeing. — of a country that, with all its ditcliies nnd its dykes, its sloots, sluices, and polders, is un(|ueslionnbly one of the most singular, the most curious, nnd most interesting countries In the world; and ns to the |X'oplo who in- habit, and whose ancestors may fairly be said to have created it, though they have been represciiied ns cold and nncoiirieous towards strangers, rude in their speech, and repulsive in their inamiers. wo can, with honest truth, declare, that so far from expericnciin; nny 'jondiict of this kind, or hnviiig the slightest ground of t omplaini in any one instance, oi in nny part of the country from Itollerdani to Nimeguen, wo never Ibiiiid I hem to be wanting in the eorninon courtesies and civilities of life. They may, perhaps, be more cnutions and reserved towards strangers than the natives of other lOuropcan ccmntrics usually arc; but a very short aci|iniintancc hanislics all restraint, nnd they lH>coine eheerfiil, open- hcnrled, and comiminicntivc. Wc are told, bowovoi, by certain philosophers who resolve the dillerent tempera- ments nnd dispusitions of men into the eti'ect of climate, thnt a Uutchmnn nuisl necessarily be grave and phleg- matic, froi.i the aiiiinni spirits being siihjreled to a dull, dense, and humid ntiiiosplierc, to which they are almost coiislantiv exposed. This doctiinc is mere theory, like ninny others es|)oused by the ingenious author of " Ks- prll IcsLoix;" but expcrienie having proved it con- trary to llict, is now pretty nearly exploded. Hut the Dutch have been accused of nvarice and iiiliumnnity. Thai the inlildle class of society arc eeonomieal and parsinionioiis, is very certain; but their parsimony and economy arc, in nil pruhability, the natural result of iiidusirions habits of lade, and ol labour not the most productive of prolil. Their young men, almost from the period of their infancy, are ' siructcd ill the pursuits of lomnierco, nnd lenrn at an early ngo to lonsider the great business of lile to be gain, a portion of which is laid by every year. 'InililFlrliii Anil iniUi :s ImlpilB ill enrh IsiBofri n-ipa, ■try tiryiMa u love ol'ijaii.." Ill a SDinewhal higher class of life tbern is a general inclination to the prosecution of coiiiniereial pursoils. and indeed in all their undrrtukings they aro equally Industrious, (icrscveriiig, and patient, w itii tlin labouring classes. We ie(|uire no greater proof of the general cbnractiT of this nation tiir perscvciiiig industry, and their iiiieoiii|ueralile delerniinulioii lo overeoiiic dilli- iillies, ilia'i llieir siieirssl'ul exertions In braving and conipiering the waves of the ocean-- lliaii the fact that, without n stone or pebble, they linvn raised the most endid edilicos' williout u tree >liey linve laid the liiiindations of large cities on piles of wood ; without u slick ot' tiinber til lor a ship's top-mast, they built a navy that disputed the seas with the mosi powerful iinvy in the world ; thnt nlinosl without an acre of arable and they supplied tlin inaiketiiof half of liiiropc with grain; that with a country not larger lliuii Yorkshiie tliey were alili to raiso a respectable nrniy, nnd to take a leading part iii the politics u'' Kuropn ; ami it ought III be added that, in nil their mercantile ti:iii>aclioiis, '':n Dultli iiie reinarknble foi their puniiualily, in- legrily nnd lionoiir. Then patriotism or love of coiintrv lias always liven u prvdoniiiiant feature jii tlie Duleli I'liaracler; in whatever part of the worlii n Dulcliinin may bo placed, the word Vaderlund beaisa charm, anil IS never henrd williout oxuiting a sonsitiun uC plousure III his mind. Hut then they nte ncciisnd of being cruel nnd in. Iiiiimin; nnd with nlnit jusliee, as a nation, lliey inn be so ncciised, it would not bo bo easy lo show. The iiiiiuerons chnillnblo iiistllntlons of Holland, more imr til ulnrly of Aniaterdam, many of which urn onlirely supported ill llin "Xpense of indiviililiils, uliouhl ninne lie siilVn'ient lo disprove sin li an ini|iutallon. There is 1 little trait coniipcted with one <,, lliosu llistilulions, which sliowa llieiii not only n liiimnnii hut kllidliiMirled people. Tim liospilrl liir llin reception of the old nnd mdignnt of both sexes, on lliii ipiny of I'ki Ainstel, Is ontrived admirably for tlin coinforl and convenience of III.' sged and inlirm. The building is llirce liundred and sixty lent long by two Inmdreil nnd lliiily dnep. A gallery un each of Ihc tlirne stories runs round tin lour sides of the square, and behind It is a. large gardri lor the inmates to walk in, and onjoy the fresh mt This building has a dining-room of one 'nindrcd ut. iwenty-thrco feet in length, and an infirmary of it, nine dimensh ns. The year 1783 was tho ccntennii Hiinivcrsary of its cslnbljihinoiit, and on this occasui the directors gave a feast to all the pensioners, ainouni ng lo upwards of six hundred nnd fifty, who were r, galid ill the most snniptiions manner, nnd the best pn; f Amsterdam were present to witness the joy ol' n, old people on iIiIh occasion. Tho emperor of Clin,. Iherelbre is not the only humane |>crson who can eiijoi the grntifiention of making others happy by his nnnu! icnst given to the most aged of his subjects. The beneficent society und the charitable and (in interested subscribers to tho agricultural Rstablisbnm of Frederiek's-oord is another prool' of Ihc active In nevoleneo and humanity which distinguish the pco|jl- ot Holland. It is no speculntion Ibnndcd on llio n inotcst chance of piolil, but solely on that of roliovii,, the distresses of tiicir unfortunate fellow subjects, ij this small canton or district (which oord signifies) M' .lacob, the complrollcr of corn lelurns, has colleclril; detailed nnd most interesting account from the publislit reporl.s of its progress and condition. 'I'liis bencvoln institution, whose object is to lessen the burden of pn perisin nnd improve llio moral habits of the juvenii imrtion of it, is indebted for its origin nnd lis succcsii. progress to the intelligence, iho Zealand inderatijiiiU benevoloneo of tJenerul Van den Bosch. This nlliir when in Java, purchased an estate nnd made the |)iirsi; of agriculture liis study. A Chinese mandarin wllli; number of emigrants from that country sottled 1 chance near him. The gijncral soon observed tin with nil Ills labour and cnrc, the crops of his Cliinn iioigbbour greatly exceeded his own ; he therefore l« IcsKoiis of the mandarin, and such was the success: result, that, when he returned to ICurope, the csu which had cost him twenty-fiva thousand rlx-dollan.l- sold for one hundred and fifty thousnnd. The general, on his return lo his native countr; published a little tract on Ihc prnclicnbililv of i: stilntingn general pauper cslnblishment in the kiiigiii; of tho Nellicrlnnds. It happened that the good kit, (for so he may justly be styled) was in 1HI7 occiipt with a plan for bringing into productive tillugo nnr tensive waste of heath hind bctwonn Maeslriclit v, Hreda. The nltcntio^i of his inojesty was drawn ' that of the general. .\ society was sot on foot nt 1', Hague, for the intended expeiinionl, unm>r thepatrnnjf of the king, of which prince Kredenck, his seconds was nominated president for lile. Twenty Iboiisi individii.ils beenine members, and llieir cnnlribiiln' amounled to seventy ihousand florins, or .1,8,33/. slcrln; Tho first operation was to piirchnso an eslnle m: the town of !Sleenv\yk, on the confines of Fricslur; Dveryssel, nnd Orentho, consisting of about one lli s.iiid'lliree hundred lOnglish acres, IngelhAr with !• thousand six hundred ucios of heath land, for whirl society paid Iho sum of fifty-six thousand flo about l.tilKi/. The river /(n,or .4«. which runs ii..i ,; it, was made navigable for bonis into Iho ZuydorZn Huililings lor fifty-two families, lo consist of six to ti( liiilividiials each, a storehouse, a school, and a spinu:; house, wore speedily eroded. All these operations were commenced early tnfr ten tier, IKIH, and ere the lOlli of Novoinhor liillmiiii fifly-tw.i indigent families sent by the enmmunosenlif iijioii their new habitations. To each fuinily m (.'rallied seven iiiorgeii or fourteen seres of land. T whole outfit forcneb family, iiinile on a minute esliim wns one llioiisund seven huiiihod florins, or 111/ !> sterling, which was lo be repsid lo Iho sociiH sixteen years, while the annual rmt, » ''i wliirli : olonists wore lo bo ehnrgcd, w.is »»«lli'nifio8) M' let urns, has colleclrd . ;nunt fniin the publivlif iitinn. 'I'his bcnevolt: ■aBon Ihc burden of pi; habits of the juMiu origin and ils succcs»i o zeal and Midcrati|,; :liuusand. to his native count' he praclieability of i: ilishnient in the kiii^dr ?ned that the good kl:; d) was in 1H17 occiip, prodiirlivo tillago am wlween Macstricbt >■ majesty was drawn ■ was net on foot ut 11 iieni, unuiir the patron:; rodcrick, his second > lili'. Twenty thniisj and tlioir cipntribnlir lorins, or .1,8.33/. slPfhr; purchase an eslnto m; ! confines of Fritsla; tiiijj of nlmut one lli icrcs, topctliAr willi I' I ill land, for wbiol i\ thousand flo; " 111, which runa i;.a«i; Its into Iho ZuydcrZ* to consisl of six to eij I M'liool, and a apiniu M^^W^M^I^ ^M^Mi iimowm^i^iw© m:im:Bii:^^T. Lnnicnced early in S(' I of Novoniher Ibllnuiii liy till' roMiniunnsinlf I To nacli faiiiilj' » Ipcn Hires of land. T. Iile on a ininulo nsliini' iicd florins, or 141/ li paid to the sociilt il rmt, ».''t wliirli li J.IB MItlfd to ." 0I|U1 lsiiv:h »•«» tho SI rci'i! l»ft«r « fow year ' '" liinuni t'scess of j fil^y two finii at knoiiniiHt to on* I vhm lleiidini the nC™ Jinilividiinl c' arori" lairiinunos, r vUn'Uu ..»•' liinilpdi"' or I :.')/. ftorhnii, •• ihr iiii<>, «. R & «. S. wool), rRlMtlls ASli I'ciil.lsllKIls, New Viiuk, ^IP Asfi.ii aiKl I'ulili.hcis lor ilie man; of Niw Vorkjiml all ili.' N.!w ( Eiiglanil Binti-s. f rilKOMX \ \\l)Oll :k I O l!.i, Sole Afri'iils I'm Itu' sliitrsj uf M:iryl:iiiil, \'irt:in a, a K^t-;i.l KHS. ll.M.'l 1M< III Oiilii. iiimI Ihc I'llv Il \r\v Orlrn'is. F^r every such sum tlic contributors had tlic privilege of ■andiiiL' tliree such lainilies. , , „ Sixty Kuililers were to be paid back yearly to tlic con- Iributurs, for the luainlenancoof each child, which in the a#Bhnii and poor-houses was Ibuiid to cost nearly double ; ■ad il isreimrtcd that tlicso twelve paupers do iiioro tliaii nuntain llieiiiselves. The lirst jiriiieiplc of this society is, that no colonist ■Ml, even for the sliorust [leriod, bo unemployed ; and ^h' Ibis view they are under the insiieetion of the dil- ftteiit .illieiTR, who exercise their nspeetivo duties with til* sirietiiess of military precision, tuneral Van den ■bei'li. "« superior director, superintemleil in iiersnn the Wjlole establishinent. A sub-diieetor presided over one liftndred fuiiilies; a quarlcr-miistcr over twenty-lour fcnilies; a section-master over twelve, who was rei|uireil to bo a practical agriculturist. " Thus the whole me. otonisiii," says Mr. Jacob, " resembles that of an arinv, dlyiileil into sections, companies, battalions, and bri- gtdes." They are employed in various kinds of_ labour, gitlie prepariitioii of liinu from shells, nmkiiig of bricks, lAililliig dwelliniis, barns, ro|il(V' rif\i'Ti:ii VI. IrtMAiir. I'r run niiiNr.. fhum MMrurxN T.i (.nuvisi''. rriie b,iil wcallier, nrhleli was hut just clrBNiig up this VniinMi.li 111 piobably deletred passengers iVoni einhaik. I nil liiiiril llio nil iinier, wbieli }v\) llolterdiini in tin iniiiig. as there were not alxoc half n dor.cn mi binird. Ii.iii 111. ri't'iiti the luiiition, or »ti>rn rahin, wholly MW s>;Rtri'— 'U to ourselves; which was so far fortunate, as it was ne- cessary wc should pass the night in the boat. AVe lefi Niincgucn about six in the evening, and about nine reached fanmerick, the frontier town, which marks the territorial division of the king of the Nethcrlaiuls and of I'ni.ssia, on the lell bank of the liliine. Here we were stopped about a q'larter of an hour by n visit I'rom the Prussian douaniers, who appeared to be military ollieers. 'I'hev conducted Ihcinselves towards us with the niniosi politeness, and were satisfied with merely opening our trunks, without examining or even touching any article within them. ■\Vi' had not inueli to regret by passing up tliis lower ]iai'tof the Rhine liy night, as the whoki couiiliy on bolli sides of the river is a dead flat, or nearly so, as far as Dusseldorf; and even there it does not muib improve. I;i)W natural banks, overgrown with reeds, rushes, ami willows, not unlike the navigation among the Zealand islands; in some places the view shut out by artificial enihankmenis; fiat meadows of deep green, interspersed with corn fields, and here and there a poor looking vil- lage, make up, where the banks do not obstruct, the view, iiir Ihe greater part, of the lower Rhine. In short, Ilie surface on bulb sides ilitVirs not iimeli from that of liol- land, having the ilisadvaiil.igc of not liciiig enlivened with those numerous anil lu at little painted houses, trim gar- lens, r.'id avenues .if trees, which, while they adorn, ini- part an airof clinrfulness anil comfort to the inliulala.nts if the hitter r.Miiitry, and which are liere wholly wr.nl- The greater part of Ihe inbiiliitanls who made their appearance in and about the villages on the hiniks of tlie lihine, were clotlied in rags, half naked, dirty, and suii- buriil, almost to blackness. This was mure particularly the ea.se between I'rdiiigeii and K'eir'crwi r)h. .Near the latter of these places we passed a Inng straggling village on the lefi bank, called tiilb, covered by, and in [ilaees ciiiicealeil beliiiiil, an embankniml, which had a mean ;iiiil wretched appear .ice, tliouti;li, .Mr. Schra'her* in- foriiis us, it possesses great lilsliirieul interest, being once the (Jeliluba of Tacitus and I'lorus, where Drusiis es. tabli^bed a bridge across the Hliiiie. There is no vestige at present of any such work. Not only this village, lint most of iliose we li id pas.;eil, wore every mark of cx- trci.ie poverty. 'I'lic houses mean; most of them in a ruinous einiihtioii, and siirroimded with tilth ; th'.' n.'omeii and children, who were the only persons seen, were 111 elad mill disgiistiiii^ly dirty, with ill looking, vacant eouiiteiianccs, and as brown as I'orli 'iicsc. At I'rdiii- gen the lihine is crossed by a tlyiiii; liriilge. Ilillierlo we had scarcely seen a vessel of niiy descrip- tion naviirating this fine river; ami among ihn'^e I'l w whieli were hero and tliere lying at anelinr uiiiler its hanks, we did not observe a single one that carried Ihe Dutch ling. It was not clear whether this circumslince was owing to any impediments caused by the discussions carrying on with lliu " l''t'.ls lliveraiiis," in eonseipienii' of the treaty of Viennn, ir merely to tho dilVieullies nnil ilisailvanlagcs occurring in a river navigation, with ii current of nl least tiiur miles nn hour, and in sonic of the contracted parts, fie. Kveii our steamer rouhl ml make guild above five knots in the most favournblo parts, I're. ipientlv not nbove finir, nnd sometimes only three, and WHS olilitfed to cross constaiilly tVom one side lo ilie other to catch Ihe eddy water, The recent mills had cmisiiler- nblv swelled the riv i , nnd of Coursi' iiieri nsed the sirenirlli nt'the cum lit, I'll approaching Dnsselilorf, tho (lr<'l hills arc seen lo make Ihcir appearance nt a short distance hi hind il. We had 'heard much of Ihe heiinly nnd hustle which mig be expeeli'il at this (ieniinn citv.iince I'lmeil for itsgiiller\ of pielures, but that pnrtion ol it at least which border^ on Ihe river showed nn syioptoms of cither; nnd ii« we were only to stop half an hour to lake on hoard sonic passen- gers, wc did not think il worth our while lo liind, A ruined castle nnd the tower of n chureh with its nglv spin , lila'/.iiig with twelve irildeil suns, were the only oli- jei Is that nttriictcd our iilli nlion. I'Vinii Du Bfldorf to Ni'us the river winds in nn extra- ordinarv lUiinncr, oii aciounl '.fits having, nl some Imn or oilier, I'orsnkcn its am ient Ivd, which, however, it is .said to have (lowed close done in the time of the lijimaiis, when it 111 the walls of .\eiis, llien ealkd .N'ovesiuin. This town stands at present at thi' distance of nearly two miles inland, so that nothing mere of it than the lolly lower and the cupola of the church of St. (Jiiirin enn bo seen from the river. On the tup of tlie cupola i.4 a Aifl length colossal sliiluc of the saint, wliii b has a fii.c ap- pearance even at this ilist.iiiee. It was at .Ni us that Dru- siis is reported In have throw n a briilge ai-rn-^s the Hhiec; and it was here that, in the year IHIS, the allied ■•:rn!ics effected tin ir first passage aeroBs the river; i;ml there is now, at the head nl' the reach before Nius,a Tyin;; Iriilgo whose cable is moored at such a great distance up tho stream, as to re'|nirc i liven boats in a liiielo licoy it up. No sooner had we passed llie i;reat lieiid in the rivi r before Neus,tlian a range of fine liliie hills showed them- selves ill the ilisl;iiui', and were .seen to gnat ailviiiitagc thrungli a thin transparent ethen nl mist, that liap|eiied just then to he spread over their sides, the exhalations probably fi'iim Ihc late rains, which the sun was just then dispersing. .M'ter the eye had been accustomed so lung, and so eiinipklely satiated, with loo!>iiig on the everlusl- ing deep grien of the meadows, swaiejis, and dykes of Helland, and with the willnHS and rushes of the low banks ol' the lihine, il was a gre.il ii lief to ij-ciitlc acclivity whiili the I'.ee of II 111, eoniineneing close lo and if the river. TI enrnfcld.. iirvey tho cniinlry uuw put iceiiiling from Ihe banks - rising groninls were coven d with copses, and planti'.tioiis of wood, and lu.iKcd liy those disU.nt hills, which were wearing so eiiclianliiig .1 line. Opposite 111 till Chatiaii of Ilinrr.lh, Ihc Rhine iiiiikrs another extraordinary 1" nil which opens out inlo i i.c of the finest reaches we had yet seen of ihis gieal river. This ehateiiu had ull the nppcaninci' el' being n yood suhstanlial Imuse; it was liaelo d by an exleiisive wood ofheeeli trees, through which several avenues had either been cut, or the lrees,ns is most ]iiiihalik', led originally been planted in regular lines to fiirmlhem. 'ihe grounds in trout and on each .side were in a hivh sti.te of cnlliva. lion, and numernus peasantry of both si .vi s eniplnycd upon them. At the hottom, or, more correctly spealiing, at the iiiipcr end of the reach stands Ihe aneieiit t"wii nf Zoiis, exhibiting il.-i two spins rising out of its two Inw- ers — the one siiuare, the other round, rroiil hence all lliis part of Ihc gr.iml Duchy of Ii, rg, as tar as the eve ciiild take in tl'.e eoimtiy, was hi.cki d by a long range ■ if hills, well wooded in parts, nnd cliei|Uered with cinii- lields up to till ir very summits, ^y thai the view wan cmiiieiitly henutiful. On the \i([ hank of the next reach of Ihc Rliinc is Iho town ol'Woriiigen, fnnn whence the voyager obtains tho tlrsl sight of the " Seven .^loiintains," nuriiig tlitir blue head just nhnve the hori/oii. SeM ral villages now begin lo appear in men ssion along biith banks of the rivir.till we approaih Rliynkas. sel, in the imineiliate iieiglibiiurliouil of which the siirfiiec 111' Iho country appeared naked nnd sandy, but the river itself winded into a Mucccssion of broad reaches ri sem- hiing so many lakes, espceinllv lli.t fine brond expanse of water, on Ihe right imirgin of* whiili Ihc town of NVies. ilorf IS siliintcd. ' Tlic aulhot of Uie '.Il tl guirtr I'nr iIuim' nlin lUiiilnli I'lU, eniii tllil'i' 111 le we first get sight of Ilie city nfCologiic, with Its miiuerous spires and lowers. I'ri sently the li w n of .Midi- |i iiii n|i|M',irs, siluatiil on the right bank at the heiiil of one of the finest reaches of Ihe Rhine which wc had yet pnsiied. .\l this place, whieli is supposed lo hn\i> hi en Ihe capital of the rhinns, ("lesar i: said to have IhriiWii a wiiodeii bridge ncross tin- Kliiiie. In fnci, (I wooden III bridi;e still exists iieross Ibe river nl this place, but II is only a Hying bridge of the ciiinin"n kinil. Krnin Ibis sjint notViing can h<' conei ivi d more sirikiiiir ai il niiiL'infieent tliiiii the nppearniice of the city of t ologiir, i,t (he dis. tailce of three or I" or liiile«, siliiali d iil the liend of a Im. ble cvpanse of wiiti r, bordered by a t'eh and heaiilifiij c'lunlry on both nf lis niariiins, The nncieni town of DeiiK vvilh il'i old 111 nciliellne .Mils y Is linineilhti ly iippiislle to ("ologne ; nnd fm-'her iiilniid on the i.|iipe of the hills i< biaiitillilly Kiln, .led Ihc nnce iphndid < haleaii ,d' Ili'iisber^', now stripped ol' ull ils magiufipciiie, niiil I'onvi ricd, as we iiiidcriitood, into u hnspilu' Ihr Ilic re . e I .1..- CI ption of hill, llie*. We nrrivcil at ('nlojrnr at light oVlocU ,n Ihr rvciunir, ■ lid look up our (jnnrlPts at Ihc Hhyiilirr;f hntrl, which If- It »5v 82 A TOl :R fllROL'GH SOt'TII IIOI.IiAND. **t. ( 'M t^ It Btands on llie iriur;;iii oflliu river, uiiU iiiiiiiediatcly bclbrc which the stcamljout bmis licr pnnsciigcrs. Colognn, Coin, or as the Oirinans cnll it, Kculcn, is a fine old city, and at one time one of the most wealtli}' und ttourisliing cities of Germany. It still retains, on tJio lower part of the town, or that wliich is waslied by the river, more eviilent vestiges of lloaian remains tlian any other spot i>crha|>s on the banks of tlie Uhine. In a great part of the wall which extends along tlie river ; — in the I'l'atVentbrtc Gate, (the I'orla I'aphia or Flamines of the Romans) on whieli apjK'ar the letters (.'.(.".A.A. which the antiquariiins interpret CoIonia,( 'la udia,Agrip. pina, Augnstaf^in tlie Thanns or towers rising out of thi» wall; — in the mount on which the ancient church of St. Mary stands, still called St. Mary on the Capitol; — but above all, in tlie numerous imtiquities that have been, and continue to be, dug U|), in the town and its environs, and which have recently been collected and arranged in two rooms of tlie museum; — in all these we have evi- dences as strong " as jiroofs from holy writ," and alinosi us strong as Rome itself can boast, of th" ancient Romans having had one of tlieir fixed station : at ' 'ologne. 'I'lie numerous busts, the sarcophagi, the stones marked with the numb«rs of the legions stationed at this 8|>ot, form a most valuable collection for the historian, as elucidating the Koiiian ei.'ablishment» of their culuiiies iu tliut part of tierinany though vihicli the Rhine llowa. Cologno wa-j itdi jt doubt the C'olonia Agrippina. It ii said that ih> K.'ip"ior Constantiiie caused a stone bridge to be i recte i iver the Kliine at ( olmjne, and ihat the foiindalioM ov the piers may still Ix; seen when the V3tcr is lov ; i> '.tic guide-biuks say so und the inhabi- t Mts bcli Vi. )l, l;ii no one that we tell in with was will. • ;) > t., own Ho.. II.' r.ad seen thein. We were twice at f -J ojin-,, hu! u) n spaces consist of gardens and Tineyardf, once bclon^^inj to tie convents, Iroin whicl an indiftercnt kind of Rhenish wine is .xtill made, ln'ing the first place on useending the Rhine where the grape is eullivated for that purpose. 'J'hese g.nrden,--, w ith the pul lie sipi.ircs, appear to occupy a considerable |Kirliun of the city, perhaps not less than oni; third part of it. He- sides, u city crowded with churches, cha|H Is, and eon venis, and swarming with young priests and ancient nuns, living in a state of eeliliai'v, is not one in which one would lixjk fur a dense population. It is slated in one of the guide-hooks that, previous to the oi-eupatioii of Ihe town by llie Fre'uh, it KHitainid not l« wi r riinn Uvi he thousand mcnilicanls, who had eiieli his |',iiieulir st,i- tion, which, on hi" death, he lelias an inV.ritaiiee to his children. This t..iii^ of beggars, with '■xi tliuusiiiul fu hundred eceU Mastics and u pioixniionate lunnher ol nims, iiiuM have composed nearl; i^ third jiart of the w Hole |M|ii' ill appiaru'iie, in enlholie countries, than iii others where Ibit reli^ ui diK"> not prevail. .\t hasl il is so on tlu! rontiiienl, where, in fad, tliev arc regularly iii- stiucled in the pi icliee of bi'gging. 'I'hc priests Ing from lh« people, nnd Ih j pooph' from one another. In i \i ry church th'i hrs'{»>rt the roofs were all up, ainonntiiig, as is said, to one tiuiidi'ed. Tliey are of an iimnense si'/.e, but at pre- sent support nothing, llie only ceiling being u leinporary llooriii',' of planks ; and the gri'at nave is eiilirely shut up. The service is pcrlbriiii'd in tlie choir, wtiieli is ap- proached along the tell side aisle, and ttiese are llie only two |Urls thai arc left open; and the only finished part is llie choir, imiI the eliapi U wiiii'h surround it. The altar is very fine, lint not exactly eorresponding with the lofty Gothic styli' of tlie windows, rolumiis, an. I roof. It is a Grciiaii temple of nii ik lagon form, with eight Ionic eoluiiiiis. till one siili' of it is the figure of llic Virgin Murj uilh her child, am* St. IVter with his keys on the other, two tolerably good slalucs in white marble. In I'lc eliiiir or" two tnnilis of two Hrelibislio|>a of Colojjne, .' itony '."■ Adolphus Sehaiiir'T'irir, surn.omited willi t>i 1 figure I of whili miilili , which .;n|><'aied to b«^ well (■•I'euti d jly the sidi 'f tin columns .re figures of the aj'ostles. Itehind th;> choir is the slirine ef the three kings or iiiigi, said to have Isen removed ffom Milan to Cologne in tlie year IITC, by 'he Kmpcror Frederic I., snrnamed llurliarussa. Their names arc Melehior, Gaspiir, and llalllnisar. The llirie skulls, whieli are uU that riuiiiin of tlniii, arc said to have liao crowns of gold ornaniented with all iiiamier ef jiri'eioas sloi <, which were l(.u sive colK'i lion of pictures, mostly tiy old masters of tin Geriiiaii school, many of thiiii us liir buck ,is Ihe tliir teenlli and fonrUintli centuries, and eonfineil ehielly v sai red subjects ; holy fuinilies, and other sacr»'d periKiii ages, Willi llie golden eiri le, or glory, as il is calKci, round their hi ;'ds. 'I'here were Issides a great eollcelioi; of old portraits, nnd a li w iiiothrii (.letures; Imt there was then no eatulogiie, and tVoiii the gcnerul antii|uiti ofthu paintings, il jirolwhly would be no easy niuttsr li preimre one. Ttie streets of Cologne arc in «o had a state, that thn would ap|s'ur not to huve lieeii paved for a century ; aiiil what is ei|iiutly had, they are seldom, if ever, r:wcpl, rr in any way cleaned. In the hiwir or most ancient pari of the town, nlmig the hank ot the river, where Iht streets ari' exceeilingly iiairow and the houses lolly, llii filth niukes till III almost iinpassnble, nnd the sleiir^ highly olli'iisive. Tlie only scouring they get is iVviiii the tor cnt* of rain fulling from long s|H)uts, wliirli almoKt every huuse has projecting from ttie roof in tin shn|it' of dragons, snnkes, nnd dolphins, it may he doubled whether if Ihe fifty or i.ixty thniisaM lio'ittcs cif can de Cologne, sup|K>Hcd to lie inunufaetareil here aniilially, were sprinkled over these streets, Ji»y would be thereby rendered sweet : |M'rtin|is, indccil iln lilml'on V onid only make llieni more oiVeiisive ; hr ;l huppeiKil lo IIS, when crossing in n slennilioat (IVoiii '•■ leiid), Ilia n stiower of rain drove Islow soim iiinily ■■ a tiuiidred p ssongers, wliose wet cloaks nnd coals, xilk till hint from llie engines nnd the sincll of fried ml cam I'd so moist, liilsly, and fetid an nlinosphere, lli>' the steward thought lie could nol do IhIIit, liy way ' enrreelNig it, than to sprinkle a couple of bt. Pclcr with the head straining their miisclci hoisting him up. Tht it in the museum of I'g. t at tlic end of the war li, standing on a liill, to f steps. On this liill n >scrved, that the lionuu vant of pictures in tlie 18 wc only saw it durinji we could not distinguish were the artists, 'i'lie n building, standing m ve or six s<|uarcH oi' Hit Dund with trees, which litre is sufficiently large hey mount guard every tting from tiiree to lour uvred. The number c: amount to about two oked remarkably smm r blue uniforms turned loiied up to the throM. Iiere, but in all tlic gar- y, generally dine at tlic jccted as a body of wcL visit to the Stadhuifl, or iirious old edifice. The rcade of heavy Gotliic niprble between tlieni : two tiers of arches art ced, and not easily lepi. 0111 their height. Dne J in the Latin languatrr. 3 of the Caesars. It re •lied the Uhii ; (wrliupa a in of these (loople, who eriuan side of the iihine, lamlius Ca^snr, who, ir Colonia Afiriiipina. In o tiers of calumiis, is i lly, Hercules straiiglinj •eat concourse of pcopit Iding in thi^ same enrln. u eolhcliiiM of paiutinp t, lliiit it was a museuir d of six or si vcn rooiin •red with a very e.xln: by old masters of the far bark ,!s the lliii liind ('ontinei U'ller, by wiy '' liipb^ of Uitllei of i» jislend of nlmtlui tin llrrnhle. tirst .ind mntt glmnt |h« pe.iple *■ metl»v A TOUK THROUGH SOUTH HOLLAND. f-i t miserable as the buildiiiga." 'I'liis is somewhat over. ,rged i for, in the higher part of the town, the streets Ue niucli wider and in better order, and as the Sunday me spent at ("olognc was a foto day of some kind or igBier, wc observed all the streets in that neighbourhowl thickiy strewed with oak leaves, from baskets carried by ■ver.il hundred boys anil girls, who had been attending Svine service at St. Peter's church. In the same streets, Jko, we olHcrviid before the open windows and doors of »Ve'ral houses, small altars with Christ on the cross, anil Ze Virgin decorated with flowers, and coloured glass Ifoads, the object of which was to collect a few cents or •lossiMi from the i>oor. . We could not but remark that we never saw the ^relies so well attended in the whole course of our tour as those oft.'ologne; that immense building tin; Join cliiireh was so crowded at the evening service, that it was almost inijiossible to squeeze in, but the attraeliun was a popular preacher, an elderly man, who wtia very Miergelie and animated ; but it did not appear to us that «jtlior his ciiuueiution or his action had any pretence to b« considered as graceful. At high mass on tlie Sunday morning, Imtli at bt. 1 e. tor's and St. M,iry's, wliieli we attended, the great iiia jprily of the audience consisted of females. In the lore noon the ordinary oceupations seemed to be followed a> on other days, and 1 found no dilliculty in getting money at the hauliers to enable us to proceed the following lllorning. ; In the evening the bridge of boats, that connects Co- fcgne with the small town of Deutz, directly op|K)site to tt. was crowded with well dressed [n'ople of IkAIi sexes, ftis liiiiiL', it seeiim, the favourite promenade in the suni- iBcr evenings. .\ small toll of about a halfpenny is ex- acted at the entrance every time tliat a person passes, ^he eoinpaiiy is not ofleii disturbed by the oiMiiing of a issage to let vessels through, tile trade apparently not iiig very active. Vessels lie on both sides the bridge, I mostly above il; their nnmlier might Iw from twenty to thirty, mostly of the long narrow elass peculiar to the Bbiiie, and the lading appeared eliielly to be coals. Cologne was once liuuous liir its niaiiufaetures of clotl but the wise magistrates of tliis city had tlie folly, on j(aiiii' riiiloiis eoniliict of the weavers, to cau^e near tw Uiousand looms to be Icinil, theconsequ'^iiee of wliii:li was |liat the owners of lliem (piilled the eity, ai-d carried on iieir trade in olhirs, where a wis< r puliey existed. They Iso in the vear IfiHi, in a tit of n ligious aniinoyily, I'l- led every protestant from ( 'ologne, tlu.ugh the (Hrsoiis fthii eimmuiiity were the bell «iid nioiil industrious of 11 ir artisiius. I'll, y lia\e siill some trirtiiig luamilactories of cotlon.s, til ,1 eoarse kind, and silks, of kiul stoening.s, caps ami jgl.i\is, I'f HiiulV, from one of wliieli eslalilislinieiits we blisi 1 veil not h'sK than lour or live huiKJieil men retiini- ^n:; iVom their daily labour. The maniilaeture of eau de I'ologiie emplov a considerable luiiiiln'r of |ii^r«oiis, niid i> said to produce a revenue of lliree to four Inimlred lliunsaiiil franci. 'I'hal brown pigineiit knuvii lo artists Uiiilrr llie name of burnt I'mlier or Cologne earth, is pre- pan il here from a s|Keie» of earthy coal dug out of tlie liiountaiiu lietvveeu Coblentz an.. I'ologno. cnVPTEIl VII. FROM COLIKINK TI) ( Olll.rNTl. Having (.itislied our eiiriosily iia lo nil that Cologiii' Was likely to alVoril for our information or amiiseinent, we hired a ealeehc and pair to take us a.« far as h'raiik- iiirl, from whence it had eonie the day liefore with a |iiirly. Our agreement was that we should sti.|i at such )il.iri s on the route as v\e might think fit, liiil not lo ex- jCei il for the whole journey tlin'e days; and for this joiir- ;nev, whieli is nl least one hiniilred and li ii miles, we ^vire lo pay fiHy.six llorins, or M. I.'lc. I//, slerling, o '•mil tl I will not Im' ili^eined i xiravagailt for Ihe e.mvey. iiiire III M'veii iKTsoiis anil till ir haggaire. This ealeehi' is I he kind of carriage most eonimmily in use along the li' 111, and indeed all over the Netherl.iiids; it is not 5^i|iiiii SI) eoinmmliouK as the Dutch ehar-u-bane, bill we iiiilrived without ineoiM il nee lo stow six in the inside, our li.iggage, part of «liieh was placed in a larpe mid basket under the seat of Ihe driver, oiiil Ihe trunks vere strappeil on U'hinil. The ■crvunt look his scat ftliiii:; with (lie driver. Dii Hie IHIh, III eight in the I0' Uliin I oil the lefl, had now rreedH tu a c(.erai miles less than from iiondon lo Edinburgh, Hut lliis may easily be seen by placing one lisit of a jiair of coiii- pasKi's on a map of I'.uro|M', on Iiiindon, and tliu other on lOihiilic'L'h, wiieii Nonuenwcrth will be found to fall within till circle dern'rilird by them. It is not surprising, lliereli*^- that English advcntun'rs should start fiir a pri>c ttr.l would givi' tlwin pimsi^iwion of so lovely a aiiot. As an nil, il wai objeetionalile on iiecount nf tl r trouble of enwsing Ihe water, nnd Ihe lesn likely lo sueci'ed, from tlierr biing by the rood side, directly opponitc tu it, o tolenlily good and long established house. Till' iiimnery and HolBiidser, so near lo piicli other, cmild not fail to jivc rise to some loinanlie tab', in a pouiitry wiMire loimiicc ItM alwiiya hern highly cherithcd: and .accordingly Schiller has coin|H)scd a ballad of Itohaid ml his mistress, hut shidcd the t>cene into Suil/.erlaiid. Tradition says lliat Roland, the nephew of Chiirleinngne, causi'd the present ruined castle of Itolandsec lo lie built, in order to be near his mistress, who had bcconiu a nun at the convent of Noiinenwcrth. Legends of this kind, whether founded or not, imparl an additional interest to the romantic scenery of this i.nd other parts of the Rhine; and they are so abimdaiil, that almost every one of the numeroiis old castles has its le- gend of dragons and devils overcome, and ravi.shcd vir- gins relea.ced, by monks and Christian knights. Th(^ other little island contiguous lo Nonnenwerlh is called Grafenwerlh, which, with the former, divide the Rhine into three parts, firming three rapid streams ; and lhe.se being somewhat dangerous, are called by the bo.il- ineii " God's help." The boatmen oi" the Rhine, in fact, require help, even where there is little or no danger; they arc Ihe most elunisy and inexpert watermen, in the nianagemcnl of small crart, that can well be iimigiiied. Having passed these islands, we again witness lh» Rhine spreadiier out into a broad, ixpaiisive lake, its margins covered with numerous villai;es, those di llio right bank being iiihabiled chiefly liy men who work tho quarries for s-late and building shines. The level pieces of ground, next lo Ihe river, are exeredingly well and neatly cullivated with grain and vegctaliles, interspersed with orchards of fruit trees, apples, pears, cherries, tnd walnuts; and the shiping sides of the hills are covered with vineyards; and above these tlie hi^'her parts arj clothed with furcbt trees or coppice wood to their very suinmils. Along both shores of this part of the Rhino, village after villige siieeeed eaeh other at short inlirvals ; hut at the upper end of thi' present reach, wliere llie town of I'likel is sitnaled on tlie right bank, and Olieruiiiter on the left, the iiK)nnla':is ajtniii Is'gin to clnse and to put on a more rugged and pietiuesque ap|)earanee. The moiintiiins in this niighliomhood are eoiiiposed ehlelly of black ha.salt and argillaeeous slate, with which I'lmost all Ihe houses of Ihe towns imd villages in tho iong defile of the Rhine arc built and covered ill ; and with the former the slreets are, for the most part, rudely paved. Vines are planted aloiiij the steep sides of tho mounlains on evi ry little spot, liowevir biiiall, where any soil can he obtaiiuil. -Viler clearing the narrow pass of Amlernach, the neat town of Neuweid, with its little blue alalid inofs and white eliiiimeys, appears at a dislam^e en the op|)osito side of the river, the very picture of neatness and uni- formity. A little fiirtlicr one, we passed the small village of Weisserllmrm, the white tower, a building apparently of no very remote lUiliqiiily, which stands near the end of the village. Close to this spot, on Ihe right of thu road, just above an orclianl, an nls lisk has Ih'cii erected 111 the memory of Gti' ru! i.'uche, witii this siniplu iu- scripliou : " Tlio nriny *ii ilii< Hinilire niiri Muuie, Tu 114 Ciiiaiiiatidi r In t'hiut. Him lit'." The French under this general crossed the Rhino at this plai* two or three times — Ihe last on the 16th of .\pril, 17DT, immediately opposite to Ibis village. An island ill the middle of the Kliine, of which he lirst look luissession, gave great facility in accomplishing the pn>- sage. It is also at Ibis very s|h)1 tliat Ciesiir it iupputed lo have crossed the Kliine. Ilevond this island, the river is again seen to spread out ils waters, and the hills on Ihe left hank to recede, leaving Is'twren tlieni and the Itliine a well cultivated valley oi plain, over which arc scattered nunierous villnt, with extinsive gardens and pleasure grounds, with fruit IriH-s 111 the greatest nbiindanee ; and the road passes over Ibis description of country at such a distance fniiii the river as to conceal it from the sight; and it is i i ' approached on nrrivini; at a large stone lir across the river Mowlle, and whose Ictcdu opiHisilo end, is the wall and gale of Co'ilenl lelt of the rond at a little ilislanec from ihis en. . m the tongue nf land which nc|iarales tlui Uhinu t'rniii tho MoHcih), is the miiiiuincnt creeled to the memory of thci French gcneml Mareenii, who, at the ago of twcnly-siz, anil in the fourth year of the Itepuhlie, porislied near Alleiikirchcn, by a rille ball, whihi iiltcmpling to inlrr- eept tliu rctrvut uf Jourdan, It is a Iriineated pyramid, on the four races of which are long iiiseriplions in French, rrrording brieflv the history of his inihlarv enrwr. "liui qui III sois," Mva one nf Ihnn, " nmi on rimemi de efl i I- 9 i puni( hiJroH, ri's|iecte sc* ceudres.' Till y wer» no ru .w«; m-' •1 if: '" \:t 81 A TOUU TIinOL'CJlI SOUTH HOLLAND. 'i t ;r^ 1 'H ii.rf^ t^% It spcoted ; for his liincial was iitttnilctl by tlio oUicers of tlie Austrian ua well as tlic I'ronch uriiiy. " H/it'l", iiravi', iin;t iilnriniis, \\n> his yonni,' cnrt'rr, 11. ^ lll'i;.r.li-is ui'lr tUd lins1.<, Ills iViciirls and [ors ; And lii>- II. lu Ui'- Ktrniifior, liiiji riiiL' hi r.', i'r i;; Un his (i.TlUmt .-pinL's Imi^Ii. irp-.se." The hones of IIoclic, whose monumriit, as before mrn lioiied, is at Wicsscr-tliuriii, arc said ulso to be buried here. 'J'he eity of Ciiblentz takes its name from the position it oi-fn[ii( s on tlie point of I.ind, firmi'd between tlu liliiiie and the .Mosell ■, — ('oiijliieit)in. Its shape is Iri- anyid.ir, on(^ side exlenihu^r alonir 'he Mom He, the other alcin;; t)ie I'hine, and the third side inlund slrelelies he. tweeu thi' two rivers. On the opposite side of the Rhine, is the eclihr: led lortress of llhrenhritslein, "the Itroad Stone of Honour," whieli is seen to fniwn over the small town ol"I'hal, at its feet. The river is here erossed l)y a noble hrid'.'e of lioiils, whieli ennneels this lijrtress and town with < 'iihlentz. The I'Veneh, who destroyed every thin;: Ihi.'V enuld not keep, bh'w up the aneii'nt works uf rOhrenbritstejii, at the truec of Leobcii ; and thus the pott has truly observed — " I'eari.' iti'blinyi"! w h.lt w.trniulil ni vri liliutlt." The ruins of the nneient easlles and towers, mixed with the ru!|;n;ed and shapeless erags, are said to have jriven to the eonimandina: mountain of IChrenhrit.itein n j(rand and imposiii;: appearance iVom the op])osite rpiny ol* t'ohlentz, hut liis I'russian majesty has thounht tit to n'lu'w tlu' liirtilieations, aeeordinir to the modern unpie- luresipie plan of military works of this kind. In hiet, the rui:;;!'!! r-imimit of the lock has been smuotlu'd down and levelled, and is now eovcred to an innnense extent with bastions ami balterii's, with rumparts aiid round tiovers, whieli, hut to look at from the opposite hank of' the river, are euouirli to make a )iea(eabli^ man In ndile. These hattiries, however, stitVand liirmal as the_v are, « ith the brirluiiity of duiuo; on our return, from the middle ol'the Itliine abnut liali'a mile above tbi' brid^'e fit boats. Cdblentz, however, is the last place that a peace, able m-n would eboose to dwell in. Stroii^'ly Ibrlilieil nil every side, it would probabiy stand the sietje of an enemy tiir many inonlhs: iiiid il'at last ',rot possession of, tlie Ireueudous I'ortn ^s n\' IOI)renl)^it^tl■iu, if op|i.ised to the invaders, as woidil iiinsl likelv he the ca.-e, would f-peedily baiter down tin i ity of t'ohlentz with its ean. null, and with disiruetivi shells lay if in ashes. 'J'he ilistnncf from C'oloirne to Coblentz is about liftv- t."o miles, wlueli we aeconipitshecl in eleven hours, with the same pair of horses Jito, as already observed had arrived nl ( i.ln;;-!!.' only the iveiiiuy; beliire, I'roiii I-'rank- tort. 'I'lic day war closing; ni when we entered llie town ; ami as we le:V it early the liillrnviiii: luiii-niiiL', wr miw but little of il;^ interior. I >iir hnti I was the Drie. Hrtitzers, situ:. ted on the rampart, close to the river, in the neiiibhourhood of which ev. r\ tliinjr seemed to par- liiki' of the military i baraeter. it was the same from imr first iiUry at the leSi-du-imnt, throiiirli all the streets, ilown to the bnnk of the river — nothina; but snidicrs. Iior.so and font, weiv paradini; the streets, ami on leaving we oliserved the eii:.i:M.ers huvilv employed ill strenirth. enini; the old w.n-ks inlanil and addini,' new nnes ; s.i anxiou.i does his I'mssian majesty apiH'.ir to make iinv li.^slilo pasi.aire of the Hliine, at ibis place, nrxt to possible main. or ut leisl not very praetieable bv a coup d. t'IIAPTi;U Mil. O.OIILRMZ TO KlUVCKfOllr, AM) n.\CK TO 4I^-I..V-CII*rEI.I.P:. Oil the inornin;,' of the llllli we proeecdi'd from Co. Iileiitz tlu'ouull 11 pleanaiit euunlry, but without an\ Kirtinjfly marked tenluresi the viilii(re» and Hcallered hoii . < mostly surrounded by vineyards and onhards; till' luouiitaluN n eediiij; on both sides i.f the lihiiie, nmiH tiiliie than those below ( 'nbien'i, iilld woll elotliid to l!:ws miumiils Willi den^e woods. On proieeiliii;; abiiiu' the left, bank, «■• pMs tliroui;li the small town of Klniise. 'I'ljc Hliine here |s ot iir.'it br<'adlb, and takes an iiiiiiienDe ssviap to the hll, and in the deep bend In seen the village of Neiders|K'y, nller M l(Kh, on tui iinnf a , rain to (he ii^lil, w« have llio villiij^n s of MittelsjH'y and Petorspey, situated in the midst of rich meadows and orchards, above which, on the rising (Tronnds, are extensive vineyards; while the opposite mountains on the riffht bank are wild and nijriTed ; the villajres at their li'et mean in apjH'aranco; the few inlia- bitants who showed themselves wearing, in their dress and appearance, the marks of great ])overty. At lioppart the Khiiio resumes its Ibriner direction. Uoppart is a very curious old town, built on the ruins of ancient forts and palaces, erected in the days of the Romans and the Franks. Some old convents have been converted into more useful purposes than their original intent, — manufactories of cloth and cotton. 'I'lic church is a])parently not less Hncient or curious in its liothic structure, aiul its octagonal spires, than the conven's. The houses appear to be built mostly of wooden beams, arranged in vi-.rioiis directions, and the spaces between them tilled up with lath and clay ; the streets are narrow; and as the second and upper stories project beyond the ground story, the op|iosite neighbours might aluKj.st shake bands out of their gable ends. The wiKid work is gene- rally painted black, and sometimes carveil and twisted into a variety of shapes. It is almost unnecessary to add, that the streets are ill-paved, and miserably dirty; but this is not peculiar to Dnppart, being the common characte- ristic of every Catholii' town along the banks of the Rhine. Indeed it may be mentioned, as a general observation, that although the road which skirLs tlie left bank of the If bine Ironi Cobli'Utz to Kiiigcn is one of the mo.st level and beautil'ul, perhaps, in all Murope, the moment it eomes within the verge of ii town or village, it sciMiis to he int'eeted with the prevailing malady, and ceases to de- serve any commendation. This line road is, by eominnn necnrd, ascribed to the labour of the French army while it held imsse.ssion of the country. From liojjpart to Salzig the mountains recede from the liver, and the intermediate space is composed of mea- lows, ne.it cottages surrounded with gardins and or- eharils, ill which are planted immnicrahle f a v.ast lake, on Uw opposite or right bank of whieh are the ruins of the two ciistles, usually called the Two lirothers, of Iiiebenstein and Sterufi'ls, eoncerning whom there is a legenilary love tale, which, by a little ingenuily ami dramatic liiet, might be iiiade aeeeptahlo to a modern audience at one of tlic minor theatres. We now approach a very romantic part of the river, and perceive at a ilist.inee the extensiM' ruins of lie inl'els, and the am ieut town of St. (ioar, situated iminedialely below them. From this part of the road is opened out j one of the mo.st wild and rugged views of mountain scenery tii.it had yi t ap|H'ared ; the sides of the inonn- laius looking like two black irigantie walls ; the river, ti'om a noble evpanse, becoming at oiiei' lairovv, deep, and rapid, and the navigatinn not by any means t'ree ti'oiii il.iinriT. The niiiK'd tbrtress of Reinfels is pleasinglv pictiiiesipie, and tlie most impoHing of any of the ruined castles we bad vet seen. The town ol' St. (ioar. like all those we have yet seen on the banks of this noble river, has but little to reeoin- iiieiid it. The houses are moillv, like those of Uoppart, in a wrelcheil state of mill, built ol' wooil and clay, ami llie upper p.irls of lliem overhaiiLring a narrow street, dirtv anil ill-paved: and we observed that the interior of manyof .!iem,uliieii had the doors open, was e(|ually dirtv, and almost wholly destitute ot't'iirniture. The ti w inlia- hilants «e saw wire mostly women, ragged and sipialid, — their vellow I'aei «, hi lek bair, and coloured iia|ikiiis lied r. .noil their heads, gav them very miieh the appear- ance of the lowest class i ' Malays, as we see tlieiu in prints, or the lowes! niiiong llie uypsy tribi > We had here a spiiiiiun of tlie laziiies» id' tlio men. .vliicb, being the • mioii practice in all that pari of the Prussian iloiimu. .IIS llnoii.ih wbub <\e pa««ed, had I're- cpienllv iitlraetid our iioliee. Tl,e loll bar is ii long pole, liiriiilij; on aswive), In'tween Iwojh'sIs lived in the ground, on the hiile of the roari |Kili-. Tin- ilnvcr never tliinUn nf iiassing one of Ihuse loll bars widiout stop|nnv, u he would otherwise be liabli to n pi iially. The colli dor, liowi \er, will r.irelv tike III. Iioiilili. to come out of the lioiLse to receive the till, but (iiils out of the window a little purse, at the end of « loiijj stick, for the money ; and it' a ticket l«i neces- sary, lie ri'ttini" it ill « "lit ut tlw I'lid ot iJie iwum; »iieK. On the opiHisitc side of the river is another smoll town called tioarhuusen, directly over whieli is seen the ulj castle of Katz, or, as it is sometimes called, Neukatzeiid. Icnbogcn. Mr. Stdirieber says, tbi.-. castle saluted Xinio. Icon one day, whieh frightened bis horse, and he gavi. iniinediate orders for its demolition. It is at the foot of this Katzberg that the rugged .it!,) gloomy contraction of the river commences, of which vf have just spoken. On entering the ravine, the first objcci that attracts the notice of the passenger is a nakeci mass of black rock, singularly curious, whose strata appear to have been thrown up and disrupted, and the great basaltic tabkts and colmnns piled on each other in hideous disnr. der. 'J'his is the celebrated lairleybi.rg, or re|icatiii(; mountain, so called from an e( ho which, in certain | osi. lions, is said to re])eat u voice or noise four or five liniis. 'I'liis circiimstance, together with the turbulent Riiiiii' taking a sudden turn and foaming round its base, have given rise to a legend ten times told, and in ten dill't rent ways, about a water nyinpli and a prince paKatine, wliidi every travedler hashes up in a way that he supposes iiinv be most palatable to his readers. This Oiidine is said In- some to have been mischievous, and that she u.sed I'l, charm the boatmen with her syren voice, and thus con. trivod to draw them into the whirlpool close to the roili. \\'e now approach OlK-rwescl, on the left hank, nn old and impoverished town, with a remarkably fine tJutliic church. Near the entrance of flic town is a chapil, which, we are told by the guide books, was erected as a monmnent to the memory of a boy named Werner, wli,, had been stolen from his parents by the .lews, and niiir. ilered by tli( in ; — why, it is not said, — but the eve,., „ supposed to have happened in the year IU87. The position of this town amid hirty and rugged moiin. tains, and abounding with shattered towers and criimblin^r walls inclosing it, and in which ar(^ tin remains often ot twelve of the tiirmer still standing, and the distant tiiif .scenery, viewed ovi'r the silvery surface of the Rliiiii., uive to Oberwesel a more romantic character than ahiiosi .iiiy oilier spot. A little iicyond llbervvef el is the ruined ca.stlc of .Schnoii. berg, ]ierelied on the snnimit of n hd\y and nieturesi|iK. rock, oine the property of the liunily of that name, soik of the desei'iidauts of whom aic still in lOngland, but wrlln till ir name Sehoinherg. Another ruined castle is now visible on a lofty peak called Slahleck; and in tlsi; midst of the Rhine Btands llw castle of I'I'alz, built on a reck. Opposite to this insulated castle, which is still in gnu: rep.'iir, and on the right bank, is the town of Kauh, im. iiniii.itily under the ruined castle of (intenfels, sitnaini on tlie peak of a lofty rock. Kauh is celebrated bv ti.. pas.sage of the armv ol' .Marshal Ulueher across the liliii.i at this spot, oil the' 1st ol'.lanuary, If^ll. A little i rtlin on, and on the lell bank, stands the old town of Ilaehaniili, situated at the fiiot of one of the loftiest points of ilii. range of mounlains, which is, nevertheless, eeive reel wiiii liinsl trees to Ihi' very sunmiit. Above the town, and i ii the side of the hill, is a ruined old cimrcli or eliapel, ili ill. eated to a saint of the: iianie eit' Werner, built ot red saiii'. stone, anil one ol'the finest specimens of llorid (o.tlii. archili'etnre that we bad seen on the hanks of the Rliiii.'. This cbapel was ek'dieated to the bov, whom we liii\i> mciiti'ineii as being iimreli're'il by the .lews, and wlKif.. body 11. ..lied iiuiiiiivl the stream as tiir .is llaiharaeh ;— a inirael. that was highly ileservingot' bving conimeiuoiiit ed by a chapel. Daeharacli is a piwr town, and in .i more ililnpidatril state than .my we bail yet passed through. The iioii.-cs, as usual, alnio-' meet each other at the top; the streets, of course, are dark and dirty, and I'xtrcme povertv seeiii« lo be the' hit ol' the majority ol'the inhabitants. Ibr, indeed, the Kliilie is so elosi ly hemnw*! rii by sli'cp inniir; tains, as to admit of no other prouuee tliali what the mil. vards aft'ord, w hieh may, perhaps, account (iir the' RoiniOH ii.iving eonsideri d llaeehus as the |iresiiliiig deitj of lli.' place, ill fail, the principal part ol'the liioiiof the |h'o|i1i', lliiiiiildi the whole of the long ravine from lloppiiil l.i It.ieliaraeb, and as liir as llingin, must be broiighl ;.. Ilicji from 11 di.s|aiiee, as, from the seari-ity of land, win.' anil liiiit are the only arlii'le« eiipable of being ciillivali .; and how the vineyards wliiili we hero m'c can possil.K pay llie labour of cnllivalion is ipiite a mystery. Tin i is scarcely a patch of h ilf an acre in any one eontiniiMl sp.'iee ; mostly, not li.ilf a rood. Every little shelliri.l s;i..l, however small, that |iosses:.cs the least soil, — ivirv litl'e iieviee helwiiu the nnkcd rocks, — is ehokeil ii|i wilii vines; in many places the vine is phmled ill a Ira,- kit, with adventilioiis soil, and sunk in the rockv fnii; meiit-i by tlie side of the hill. The care and llie lalimir bi slowed, thoiijj'li not toilsome, iit coiislaiit ; and the eli-- ''ikaRto •father #ho b %lph. ;*f I"'" fen «»e fea tcturi is w. A TOUn THROUGH SOUTH HOLLAND. Hf) is nnutlier small town ivliich is wen tlii' iJd 's called, Noukiitznid. .•> castle saluted JS'a|io. lis liorsc, and he gan. 1. r that the rug-ged aiij inniences, ot'wliich wf ravine, the first ol'jcfi engcr is a naked iii,is> wliose strata apjjcar ii, 1, and llie jfreat hasullii- (itiier in hideous discir. rleyberjr, or re|icaliin; which, in certain | osi. loise four or five limes, 1 tlic turhiilent R'liiic ^' round ils base, have lid, and in ten ditlViiiit prince palatine, wliidi ' that he supposes nmj This Ondine is said liv and that she used to n voice, and thus eon. Ipool close to the rock, in the lell bank, an old eniarkably fine Giilhic ho town is n cliapd, uoks, was erected as a ly named Werner, win by the Jews, and mur- said, — but the event I, year 1^87. lorty and ruffjed mniin. d towers and crnmblinn le th( remains of' ten dt fr, and Ihc distant liiii surface of the Khirn', ic character than alniosi ruined cnstlc of Selinni. a hd'ty and picturcsfin- iiily nf lliat name, smic ill in Kiiftland, but \vrili> visible on a lofty jnak of the Uhine stands llin ', \\ liich is still in (j*"!"' Jie town of Kaub, iiii- of (iiilcidi'ls, silu:ilu! d) is C( li'braled by II,. lucher across the Kliim l^^l 1. A little 1 rth.r lid town ot'T{aeliar;i( li, liil'tiest points of Ihi' ri'tlicless, CdViTc (I wilii bove Ihc town, iiiid mi ehureli or chapel, di di. Irner, built of red simi'. liTii'iis of florid (iolliii e baidis of the Khiui'. biiv, whom we liinr till Jews, an idiabitants. Ilcr. ItH'd HI by strep Uldlln' . fiuin H hat the mii'- omit t' ii»nci! is frequently several miles wliicli the poor cultivator has to go from bis habitation to his vineyard,— wo should tRtlier "say hers ; for they appear to be ehielly women, who bear" but very little resemblance to those fair imd .•ylpli-like damsels, with which painters arc in the liabit «f peopliuiT their vineyards, wlieii assembled to jfather ':4i (Hftlrn, tiifiittilns ^Inrn tsrinvfth I'foiii gray bm fptfy wallf, whtre Kuin gr««ily dwefli." On clearing the ravine, however, the scene was entirely changed, and the eye had now full scope to range round the whole of the southern, eastern, and western horizons. The sun was just setting as wc left the dark and gloomy gulf, and its western rays, falling on the Utile town ol Hingi^n, and the vincclad side of the opposite mountain, art'ordcd a contra.st eipially striking and agreeable. The broad expansive lOiiiii; glistened in the sun beams, as its ample volume flowed majestically towards ii.s, interrupted only by the Maiis-thurm, or, as travellers interiiret it, the tower of rats, which is built on a rock in the middle of the river, and by dividing the current, adds to the velocity and the noise of the Bingenlock, which is considered to be dangerous to navigation. The endless succession of ancient dilapidated caslles is generally spoken of by travellers with a degree of rapture in which some of us did not exactly partake. The cIit- nal round tower, or stone cylinder, which always aecom- panics, and is always lell standing amidst the castellated ruins, and that alonu sometimes remaining, is the very reverse of pieturesipie. There is besides a moral fleliiig attached to them, that is apt to carry the recollection back to those days of feudal tenure, wdien murder and robbery were hardly considered as crimes; and when many an unhappy victim lingered out a miserable ex- istence in the cells and dungeons of these ancient ruins, which still remain .as memorials of tlie villanous .scenes that have been transacted within their waUs. A French writer thinks otherwise; he tells us how delightful he feels in transporting himself in imagination to those re mote ages of ancient chivalry — those ages, as he calls tliein, of valour and virtue — in imagining himself to be surrounded by those prcux chvmlieis, the protectors of weakness, the defenders of a sex which in those days knew no other ornanient but delicacy and gentility. Per- haps ho would have been nearer the truth it', iii..s elale 'i'lian miiltiliiT liemoB nl u loiini r liate." As wc were here to quit the Rhine, a word or two may be added on the general character of this interesfing river. We frequently find the (-pitliet " inaLniilieeiit" coupled with the Uliiue. To speak correctly, it is not sidfieiently capacious to justify the application of that term ; hut to the ey\. f^inj'Pinir t{ 's fr.inr: s, sons Irs an^iilci-s ife .Mi'iiu'mir .li:.\s Hun s r. A.NDUb', fri-'lei ilii Dei ar.e.m lit ila .M.inl 'funis r •.'* On the other three sides are the names of I^ntrepre. neurs, Ingcneiirs, \c. The proximity of IngeMieiiii may have suggesled lo ,M. .Iian lion .'^t. .\iidiv the in. troduetiou of' the name of t'hailcmiigne, where some have siijiposed he was burn ; and i.t the same time the implied compliiiieiit to Jlnnaparte, to v.linm and lo .fillins Ca'sar this and others of his flatti rers pretended to find in him a pariillrl. In restless ;;e(ivity, rapidity of move", cut, and mireleiiting persecntien ot' those who o[iposed him, Honaparte might certainly he compared with Charlemagne. The enormities of the kilter, ho\^■- ever, were the results f.f fan.ntiiisin ; those of the fiirmer, sheer ])ride and ambit ion, of which, as Ityron says, he was he i'liani|iion and the child, one '■ Wliiisr i^riitir «"i= cm T.'s. n-iil \\li'isi' p'ak'.s wit" *l:r.ai s, W'tiesL' talile. earlll — u liosu tlii:e u ere llumaii li Ilii." MENTZ, OR MAYENCK. Having passed the summit, we proceed by a geiitlo desecnl, and a tulerably good road, plaiiled on both sides with apple and other fruit trees, to .Mdilz, or Mayenco. This city belongs to the territory of tin: IViiiec of Hesse l>ariiisla(ll ; hut as the smalhn'ss of the coiitiiigent fur- nished by this (iennaii l^riiiee to the eoutederaey would not admit of his pi. icing a Miflieient garrison in this im- portant place, it was settled at the ( 'niigre>s of Vienna that it should have an .\ti-lrian and I'nissian poyermrr, in alteruale years, and be garrisoned by .\nstrMii and I'russian troops in ecpial numbers; lint such rapid changes having been liiuiid ineoiivcnient, and the gnrrisou ccm- posed of the two nrtions not agree ing well together, it was afterwards seltli d that I'aeh governor should remain three years. 'I'he nniiiher of tnops were at this tiiiie sn considerable, that Ihe whole town wore a military ap- pearance. In the streets lew persons were seen bnt soldiers. 'J'he old palaces, hotels, and convents weru converted info barracks, mid the finest houses in Iho town oecupieil by the Aiislriiin and I'rnssiaii otUcers. VV'ith all this, Alayenee ap|ie,ired to lie one of Iho dullest towns, fir its size, that we have met with. The entrance into the town is over draw-briilgrs, has- lions, and all the v.-rious kinds of deliiiees, and '• itiiiii it are barracks and guard-rooms in iilmost ivery sirirt. The fine old got hie tower, and, indeed, Ihe whole of (hu exterior of tlie cathedral, built ol'n d sandstone, w itii its fret work and pinnacles, is a very strikingobject. The tower was once siirinoimted wilh a spire of wood, eighty f'eit above the present ernmbling sunimit, bill was Imrnt down by lightning, ll is a reinarkahle t'aet. thai there isseatei ly an old chiircdi along Ihe Rhine or ill tin' .Nellnrlands, tliat in some part of i!.j hisloty, has not been eonriimcd wholly or in part by lire. 'I'he interior corresponds in grandeur wilh the cxfn- rior;hut when the French Jaeobiiis look pos--e'.sioii nf it, as they did of all the eluirelies wherever Ihey went, lo convert them into bnrraidis, hospitals, and magazines for their armies, the Cathedral of .Mentz was most scan- d'lously and wantonly abused. 'I'he heaulit'nl niarhlu tombs wile mnlilaled, the pictures destroyed, the broii/c and iron railings lorn up; the ci iling is blackened, oh., viously by fire, and I'ull of holes, as if i( had been pierced by shot. The Swiss of the church, ill pointing out Ih j various mischief eommilted by the rieneh, added, Ib.il the people of Mentz woidd not he sorry to have them again, as they s|ieiit n wagon load of money when there. This was the only elmreli, however, we had yet seen that had not undergoue repair, nnd been purified lioiu the di'filement and misehlt t' done by these unholy mis ereanls, nnd there appeared to he some feeble aitempt making In put this also into somewhat better condition ; bul whether at Ihe ex|H'nse of the clergy, Ihe inliahitant-, or the Prim I' of Hease Darmstadt, we did not enquire. In a small square on Ihe left of the grriil street, wdiicli load* to the quay, ia a handsome fountain, reprrFcnIing I i I II m f Cti A TOUR TIIROUCn SOI/TII iroi.r.AM). 1 i», •:. J.- :: P;: *.. r *,. ■.I v/'. . f^-; tile Kliine, under tlic personification of a wdl executed figure of an old niiin ; niul in this square is the public library, and the niuseuni. 'I'lie Ibrmcr wc could not sec as it was under repair, and the books were all displaced nnd on tlio fioors of the rooms, but wc went through the Bniall collection of pictures, which generally speaking are not of the first class. From M,iyi>nc(^ a noble liridgc of fifly-two pontoons or boats crosses the Uhine to Cassel, a small fortificil town. The Khinc is bore not less than from seven to right Inm- drcd yards across, and widens out to more tli;in twice tliiit broadlh a little higher up, where it receives the waters of the Alnino. Uelow the bridifc arc moored in the river sixteen or eighteen water mills, wliieli were all busily employed in grinding corn. 'I'his bridge, like those at ("oblenti and Cologne, has its convex side opposed to the stream, and like them also it furnishes a fine broad platlbnn as a promenade lur the inliabitanls. There is, however, a very pleasant mall at the w<'st eiiu of the town ptiiiileil with trees, extending down the bank of the Kbine alwve a niUe, wljich is l'rei|uentcd for its shade in the heat of tlie day. iViiic; so near, not more than from six to seven leagues, to Fianekfort, we determined at once to proceed lo that rily ; and at the request of our very decent and well be haved driver, whom we brought from Cologne, we eon tented to go a lilllc out of our way to the left of Cu.el, to a villiige of V. !iiili he was n native, in order to eliaiige om" tireil horse-. 'I'hese small animals arc capable of performing an inerediblc quantity of work ; and all the bait they get in the course of a day's journey is once, nnd sometimes twice, a loaf of rye bread, which they in. mediately devour with great eagerness, however tired they may be, and when tliey would relUse eitlier hay or oats. Having p:is.-:ed the hill of Hockheiin and descended to the level plain, we entered upon an open nnd well cuiti vated eouutry, a great part of wIkwo snrfjice had been covered witli w heat, now all rea|ped aiul carried ; a good d.'.J of oats still rcMiaineil nncul, and whole tielils ot poppy were under the sickle, from the prolific Ifeacls of which they express an oil. lieet and maugt l-wur7.( I, clover and potatoes, were in great abundance, anil large p.aiebes of hemp and fi.ix intervened, but very l\'W tur- nips. 'I'hcre w,is no appearance of meadow or grass land, and it is not easy to concd rooms in the house is nincty-one, most, if not all of them, double bedded. Mr. May lias a cellar of wines, that few, if any, of the London wine merchants would be able lo purchase. The Swan, composed of friable sand.stonc nnd loose snnd, anion; which are found dilVerent shells and the remains of tin ral species of marine productions. It is probable tliji (roin these hills proceed those numerous springs of warii water for which Aix-la-Chapelle was once particular!, celebrated, nnd I'rom which it derives its tiermanic name Aachen, the City of Waters, the Civilaa ^Iquetisia oUk Konians. The "Chapelle" was added to the name by tin F'rench from llii: church or chapelle built, or suppo.scc lo have been biiill, by ('harlemagnc, and jicrhaps also if distinguish it from Aix in rrovence and Aix in Savoy. 'I'he old walls of the city enclose a very consideraW extent of ground, which is not built u|)on, but laid mi; in gardens anil walks. On the outside of the walls, tl» old ditches have been filled up and converted into walfc and shrubberies, for the use of the inhabitants ; a pr.ir lice which of late years has become common in maiiyc: the Cermanic ami Belgic cities, and u very coinmeiiili ble one, which may be the means of saving them frtj!; the horrors of a siege in any future wars. The boiilc. vnrds within the walls, which surround the town, liaii undergone the same conversion, and att'ord a pleasai: walk. lUit the principal promenade appears to 1k' that I the Louisberg, the slope of which descends to the vrrv walls of the town, and a convenient carriage road,as wti as a haiidsome foolwalk, leads up to the snrnniil; aiK here there is exhibited a most magnificent view rouiic the whole horizon. On the highest point stands an nbc lisk, which is said to have been originally erected by llii French, with an inscription in |)rnise of Napoleon, wl« was never in want of fiatterers ; but which the Prussian* at the conclu.^ion of the war, threw down. The kiii;r « Prussia, however, ordered it to be re-erectcd, frennomk. as one of those gentlemen who write "Ciuides" tills in on the part of his majesty ; but to cause the original in pcription to be erased, nnd another substituted to recor. the rapid downiiill of that extraordinary person, was iir; so very ^('HcioM*. We could find nothing however oflla kind. 'I'he column, from the fractures and fissures n the stones, bore evident marks of having been thrmvi down nnd set up again, but the only inscription wliicn appeared on one of its faces consists of Iho latituJii and longitudes of certain places nt which the rrcncli had their stations, in carrying on tho suivey of llii country. ' 'I'he streets of the old part of the town arc very lur row, and the houses high, as is usual in must Ucriim towns; and the architect iiro full of picturesqno puiiili nnd projections, and singularly iiilcresling to Iho paiiilei and the antiquarian. It would be endless to allein|iti iiiinuto description of the various churches, coiivciili. and other buildings of a public nature that meet llu eye in strolling through tho utrcets, but there arc tin edifices on which no traveller should omit bestowin( his allenlion. The one is Iho Hotel do Ville, tho iilliK the old cathedral or Dom church. The old Hulcl dc Villt is in the market place, conspicuous enough by its l»o lowers, one of which, or at least the lower part of it, ii evidently, and is i>o recorded, of Roman structure. In the ecnirc of Iho innrkot place, nnd before llii town hall, is a splendid fountain : the water is reirivN into a inagnificent vaso of broii7.c, about twice tho ilis meter, so at least wc supposed it lo bo, of that wliieli ii pUcod in Iho conservatory of Warwick castle ; IVom this it is poured Ibroiigh tho inoullis of tivo dolphin!. swimming in an inferior basin of stone, enclosed witliii an iron rniling, bul nccossibln on two sides to tho |iiiV lie. The bronze vaso, finely sculptured, is supporloiU« a padcstal t\iw% out of this basin, and from the ccnU! A TOUK Tnnorcii boi'tii hollax d. n? By, and ('icp sand in othe, [ JulicrB and arrived at Aii he road still pretty much ik, siintry flat, cold, and lining 'ood appeared here and thrr(, grain prevailed, chiefly ', the C'(ii/«» .']ijuetiaia of II,! nas added to the name by tin ir chapelle built, or sujjposct Icmagne, r.nd [Perhaps alsok rrovence and Aix in Savoy, ly enclose; a very consideralji 1 not built u|)oii, but laid nii: I tlic outside of the walls, tb up and converted into walk^ e of the inhabitants ; a prir s become coruiuon in maiiyo: eilies, and a very eoninuiid! ? means of saving them froic my future war». The \mi\t- licli surroiuid the town, lia\. ■ersion, and att'ord a pleasai,' omenade appears to Ik' thai t I' which descends to the vor, nvenient carriage road,as \«i ids up to the sun^niit; aiic iiost niagnilicent view riiuiii igliesl point stands an dhf been originally erected by III. in praise of Napoleon, «k ■ers ; but which the Prussian", threw down. The kinjro: t Id be re.ereeted, ^f Hf niH»/i vlio write "Ciuides" tells ii- but to cause the original in lullicr substituted to rccop. xtraordinary person, was m; 1 find nothing however oflbi ,lio fractures and fissures ri arks of having been thrmvn t the only inscription wliici ;cs consists of iho latitntlii ilaees at which the Frencli ing on tho suivey of ill rt of tho town arc very n,ir _ is usual in most Genim ro full of picturesque poinl, ly iulcresling to tho piiinlc juld be ciidlets to atleiii|ili various churehos, convciili. ililic nature that meet ll« streets, but there arc im Her Klionld omit bestowip; ho Hotel do Ville, tho oIIik irch. The old Hotel do V* picuous enough by its Its least the lower part ofit.ii , of Homan structure, kot place, and before llii .tain ; the water is rccoiieii ron/.e, about twice tho dii |ed it to bo, of th,it whitliii of Warwick castle ; l'ro»i ho inoullia of two dolphin! lin of stone, enclosed willim In on two sides to the \mi- [sculptured, is supportoJ™ busin, and from the ccnlr; rf the vase is another pedestal surmounted by a bronze ■tatc of Charlemagne about six feel high, holding in one hand a sceptre, and in the other tho imperial globo eur- mounted by a cross. At a little distance, on each side of the founloin, is a largo bronze eagle, mounted on a IMrblo pedestal. This fountain, which has been rare- Allly kept in repair from time to time, was erected in 1S5.3, at the same time thot tho Hotel de Ville was Baished, and under the auspices of the same burgonias tar, (^harus. In the town hall of this ancient city, two ecreral trc.-i- tlM of |>e,ico were signed, that of IGfiS, and that of 17'I8; ■ad in the ancient chapel of Charlemagne, tho ceremony of coronation of many emperors has been held. This old cathedral or Dom ehureli had the honour, for so it was eoosidered, of receiving a visit from Napoleon and .lo- Mpliine; and after their fall in 1818, a congress of sove- rttgns wos held in Aix-la-Chaiielle, at which, among other ini|)orlant matters, it was determined to withdraw the allied armies from the occupation of France. On this occasion the late Sir Thomas ti.-iwreiicn was com missioned by his late majesty fieorgo IV. to |>aiiit the portraits of the sovereigns of Kurn|)0, and nihrr distin- jfolshcd personages there assembled. He liiid a room •Dotted to him lor this purpose in the town li ill, which i» carefully pointed out to strangers, an,l considered as • great honour that was done 'o tliii town. Tho Dom church or cathedral, or, at ' the central ptrt of it, was built by Cliarlemagiie, llio direc. lion of Kginliard, his biographer, in ir of Notre Dkmc. There is a legend coiicerniiiL . .Icdication by Fkpe IjCO in., in 804, tho truth of vliiili in those days Ms not called in question, though we of later limes may b*dis|H)sed to feel incrednlou). It is merely this, that tMrce hundred and sixty-five bishops, one for every day Irt the year, were summoned to assist at tho con.^ecra- tion', but as two were wanting to complete that number, their places were supplied by two other.*, who had the enn; laisauce to leave their tombs on so solemn an occa- ^Mi, and relumed to their earthly abode ns soon as the rs, of a more modern date, one above tho other, of the width of about thirty feet, open by n succession of aiches iato this oclagori, which they surround, with the excep- tipn of one side, opening into the mote modern choir, HAiich is of tho form of a quadrangle. From the corri- •Mrs, particularly the upper one, or gallery, issue as ny chapels as there are arches, each arch being op- lilo its chapel. These chapels, however, arc still ,. ire modern, having at diflcrent times been added by flHcrent persons. The vaulted ccilingsof (he upper cor- ipor are decorated with paintings of scriptural subjects m an Italian of the name of Bernardino, of clear and iRsli colouting, and by no means ill executed. -'In each arcade of the gallery, and between the nia.ssy alars that divide them, arc said to have been placed ir beautiful and highly imliehod column's of granite ■Ad iwrphyry, which, among other robberies of the «4nrclies by tho French, were torn away and sent to Mris; and four only of these have been returned. In the seventh arcade of tho upper corridor is placed organ ; and that opposite to it is occupied by the ir of Charlemagne, which, being undoubtedly genu. , is an interesting relic of antiquity, and of course Illy valued, as it deserves to bo, by the inhahitanls of t. It consists of four slabs of while marble, rudely SBtcned together by iron clamps, and is ascended by ilireral steps of tho same material. Indeed there can no question as to its identity with the real thron^ on lich this monarch sat. lie tomb of Charlemagne, which is immediately uii- tlie centre of the dome of tho octagon, was opened he presence of tho Einpoior Ollio III. Tho body, lered with the insignia of tho empire, and decorated Bh the imperial jewels, was (iiund seated on the chair 'qni'slimi, and placed on his knees was an illuminated ly of the IJnspcIs, which is said still to exist. Otho riod away the insignia, which were afterwards used the coronation of the oin|>crorN of Germany ; and hav. ^ sutinfiod his curiosity and his avarice at the same 0, closed up the tomb. After this, in the year llfiS, idcrio Uaibarossa I. caused the tomb again to bo ined, in presence of the bishops of I.icge and Cologne, had tho body removed and placed in a nnignificoiit fcopliagus, on the cover of which was engraven the ipc of rrosorpiiie, and which is also said still to exist ; ' ov.t enquiries did not tend to confirm tho report, ''ho .Swiss of tho church, a shrewd and intollijent man, informed us, that when Bonaparte remained a short time at Aix-la-C:iiupello, he, with Josephine, paid a visit lo the cathedral, attended by the bishop, who, on open- ing the wooden case that contains the chair of ('liarle- magne, invited Napoleon to seat himself on the chair of the man whom he wished the world to suppose he resembled — but Napoleon turned away. Whether it was a feeling of pride that told him he was superior to such a barbarian, and wished to show the by-standers that ho did not consider it any honour to Ih) thus asso- ciated with him, or whether he was apprehensive that the bishop might take the advanlage while in it to press for some privilege, which, when so sealed, he could not well refuse, were points that had not been settled by the good people of Aachen; but the hitler was probably tho real cause of his refusal, from the following circum- stance, for the truth of which tho same Swiss who at- tended us vouched of his own |>ersonaI knowledge. He said that the good bishop, having failed with Napoleon, next invited Josephine to ascend the steps, which she, with her usual good nature, immediately condescended to do; and having seated herself on the thrmc of Charlemagne, tho cunning prelate took the oppoiliinity of preferring a request, which lie hopdl she woild con- iloscend to grant. It was a petition, ready I'rawn up, that she would use her good ofKces with Nn|.<.ih'on to present the church with a new organ, to replace the one which tho French soldiers had destroyed when they made >i barrack of tho church. She did not hesitate a moment in asking and obtaining tho boon ; and tho or- gan now in use is, therefore, and very properly, con- sidered as a present of Jo.scphino. When Frederic caused tho lomb of Charlemagne to be opened, ho presented to the cathedral a magnificent chandelier of bronze gilt, about tliirlcen feet in diame- ter, which is still suspended over the large blue slab which covers the vault where the remains of Charle- magne arc supposed to rest, and on which is engraved this simple inscription : — Carolo Magna. This stone is modern. The tomb of black marble which occupied its place was torn away by the Fronch sol- diers, and destroyed. The choir, which communicates with the octagon by one of the lower arcades, is surrounded by windows o( lofly dimensions. The ceiling is said to lie one hundred and twenty-four feet high. Its walls arc decorated with eight pictures on scriptural subjects, by Bernardino, andal.soby several pieces of Goliclin tapestry, the largest of which IS uncoiiinionly fine ; the figures bold and spl- litcd, tho colours fresh and brilliant, and the tunc of colouring equal to that of a picture of Rubens; the sub- ject is the destruction of Pharaoh and his host in the Rod Sea. These Gobelins are hold in such high estima- tion, and preserved with so much care, that they are only exhibited on eoch side of the high altar on festival days ; but the Swiss produced tlioni tor our inspection. In the choir, and facing the altar, is a well executed bronze eagle, mounted on a |>odestal, which was given to the church by the Em|ieror Otho III., whoso bones are preserved in a sarcophagus of white marble, imme- diately under the high altar. Above this the statue of the Virgin Mary is placed, who wears a crown of silver gilt, which, it is said, was picsentcd, as a sacred gift, by her unfortunate namesake of Scotland. The paintings in the several chapels of tho cathedral are not such generally us to doservo much nolicu; but in that of St. Michael there is a small collection that well demands the attention of those who visit this church: and what stranger, it may bu asked, will fail to do so V Having gone round i*u various chapels, and enquired of the Swiss if there was any thing nmre to bo scin, he replied that if wo had any tasto for rc/ir» he would do- sire a priest lo show us a very large and splendid col- lection of these interesting objects; but our tasto did not lead us that way. On asking him, however, what sort of relics ho spoke of, he said they possessed among other things the real swaddling clothesof Jesus, agown of the Virgin Mary, some hair of her eyebrows, tlio shoes or sandals of Joseph, with which ho walked all the way into Kgypt, and a thousand other little curiosities, which were only exhibited to tho people once in seven yeais. As none of us had any groat relish for these, wo declined the attendance of a priest. In the church of St. Peter wo saw a relic 'if another description, — tho complete body or skeleton rf a certain Fiorina, a stint of course, wrapped up in -ilk clothes, and placed at Aill length in a glass caEC. The head only was visible, and it wa« a mere skeleton ; the tcutli were quite perfect. — If Ihc French had carried ofl' these relics and lefV the pictures, the people of Aix wniild not have had much occasion to complain or lamei>' i ■ ir i' is. Tho priests, however, had a higher notion '^'',.V^. < *ii % /. K 33 WIST MAIN STMIT WIMTIR.N.Y. I4SI0 (714) •73-4S03 t \ tta A Toi n TtiRcron hoitii iiulland. ;..':l i >■ V s; cliiiicry, nrc licru nxrciitcil. The grc^l hroiizo lioiith:it nuriMnuiits tlio rnnical iiioniid of carlli, roceiilly raised on I lie plain of W.itPilnn, wan cast by dickiTcll. CDrnrniTrc iiml niiinul'ictuics rarely fail to draw in tlii'ir train llic means nf |iri)inolin)rtlie scirnprs and lilic- rnl nrl.". Kin^r Willin' i, in liis almiidant kinilniss ti) his new «nlijc lis, has (■■.l.ililij-liiil at fiiei^e a royal university liir sliidi Ills in llirnlfijjy, law, and |iliysir, wliicli tlio ad- V iiK iiiii prosperity of tlie place now nnde it iieeessary to l«^ enl.irdiil, fir llie lietler aceoniniixlation of tlie iii- (T'lsiiig nunihcr of students; and there has also been recently adiUd to it a liolnnieal garden. Societies have iilso been formed liir the i iieonrnL'ement of the arts and BPiences, Inlles lellres and <;i'neral Uteratnri\ In short, every thin); in and about the town api>cared to us to be in a profrressive j^tate of iniproveinent. We left I,ie)r,. on the morning of the 2Gth, along a smooth and level mountain road, sometimes runninff cio>^o under a rocky hill, and einally rloso to the inari;in of the river, and soinelimes Invinir a fine eullivated plain between us and llie river. The hills on both sides were finely diversilled with wood, and iiilers|K.r!>id masses of rock, ijivin;; ii picturesque ap|Marance to the semery. N<'W buildings, with tall ebinmeys, sending out volumes M" smoke, were seen in every direction, and niinoimecd fhe very common and extensive application of steam in Ihcir ceveral maiml'actories ; and nuiiieroils rail roads, from the hills to Ilic! river side, and heaps of roal rub- bi«li and vlag-, were (he ci rtaiii indiiatinns of active in- du'lry and a iiiiniifaelurinjj impulation. 'J'he enleri»risin(r fuckerell has turned the nnrient Chateau dc Sereiyn, oiiee the Arssibility of an error.' Such are the evtrnordiiriry results of the " mirrji of indlleel," which dm s iin( by any incanii a|i- pcar (o have vet ulacKeiied i(p pace; nor will anyone venture to ,nedict when it will riid. III'V 'I'lir u.sual iiidicution" of nunufactiirinij indiutry aiul_ nciivily (oiitinued iininierrnptcilly .is far nn (he town of liny, at whiih place a ftone biidge of Kcven arches croises the Meii-i . We (oiiiid lint lillle here deserving of attention, but were ainii.i>i'. The trees are so close logether as to exclude every my of the sun, and to imiMile the action of the atinospheri' : and the consequenee is that, w hen a log of Isccli wmjil is broiiglit out of the forest into the open air, it rivc iiiid splits in a most c.xtraordina'ry manner. Thi.s, inilin!, is the ea.se with mos( odnr woods, and i( explains why liedge oaks, m trees that have grown singly and liein (horonghly cvposed to the air, are less liable to split, and till lefoie priiirable in sliip.buildiii|; to thusu which hate grown in a wood. Il . etly on a lino with lli« river, w« siiiVlcnlv nprii out, but at a consideriililc distance, the city of ,\ainiir with its iloinus, uiid Its turrets and spires, all of them ovrrtuppiMl liy a lolty mum of rock, ■uriiiountcd with * U n ni l)i<* levntiilliin of l^itl thii klni « nniMf bi'tns rnimeri 111 will) ii.e 111 .Miiliu ini), II n A* I n ninikt il oiil up iiii nlijirt liir i|r-iriifi|.'n —F't • H^'i' HrrwsliT » !«i»nrni oii NtliirnI Msnir, rrpiililltlii*il .n Niw Vi rk. lor nil III niieil itf ihU wnnili'itiil iim'I'Iiiiiiii nl tuiiiniftiiri' AIho n.lliliH :'. N nu 11 nrrniinl In liitt lH.nk Mil Itie r''~..n"iiiv I't .Ms niiflsrnir.*", rf(Milill«li|.|i l-i IMiil iil.-lpllln, hisik* ulilrh p4i>.iiIiI Iw In Ill«» hsiilti nlrvri) ilMinilini>se of oMsining a sulHcienl ipianllty of earth (o form the grenf conical mound, on which ilir colossal bronfr linn, which inny serve cidii r iw the llniisli or n<'lgie lion, is siipporicd, the |H'des' Inl nf who II Isnrs the simple inseriplion " .lime |H, 1H|.^." The iiionnd nnd the lion have iipinlly l»en (In subjects of ill'iintureil censure; but the one eonlnining (be hinies of friends and fm-s, who fell in that dreadfi dsy, uid lh« otlivr cotn| 111*1 jsipnlar wi li.ive yet seen ii I'vi'ii I'raiiekfort, oiise and pros|Ki Xhirc are, liowi Ihcni, cs|s'cially vpriinienl of prof, (rnvernments; but ti'slnins to a cci lllltreil. We went dim newlv furnished, loinliirlttblq lioii Europe. The and is splendidi soiiii' eighty fee aiiotber room, iwi tlic pirtiiro gallei |iiiluresarc unw. The palnec is yard, and eontai ro.iiiis, en tnilr, hind tho quadra taste, nor nualne li'iliee. From I be pala (111' ( 'tiiitril ilf III wicio ulaircttsca.i IsTsof iK'Ors Blld an. I each of a sin of the hills wliiel ppeis on the rig (In one side of i' Cailcvero, llio ki Nieuport." till) ol Tlie chamber plan as that of liibuiie, cncli me w!in represent t lliileh, and tho! I'teiieh language At the further in which the coll olio wing, is a si in the several di V liii'h is a colleel minerals, prcseiil are heaiilifully s. wlinle col lection mill great care tlipy are placed i are pro|K»ily labi Another wing the sittings of tl laie; and lliere and liehinil the li.ivv closed, and IsiLiiiieal garden The eliurch ii liill, is a magiiif It pnnfniiis soiiii upiisdes, ul fiill size, nro pined The pulpit, by ( priiliubly not in tliroiighoiif tlin ileni, .IS Ibis is I ill uimhI wns CI siilijeet of the i mill r.ve fVoiii p liy the llgiirct o driving llicni ni Adam i" eoiiee anil bis flowing tutle into whic rrpreseiilnfiiill bo iiiinginid ; v mill looks at III uf eoiiiiteiiHiii I augi'r," eviiiei ctiUilly uf tuii A ToirR TtiitoiTai KOirrii iioli.am). 89 iijlli nppf"l'fi"l<'d, unci n loiiili. Xlip c Kiiol wlirrc' ||„ We liriil oliferj, of Qimtrc Ura,, I jusl liku cuu ol il ilt.»rri|)li(ins of try, that i( v.im\i il lllilll. At liir ' all KIMN, IkjUi (,\ ) innniiimuits that till! cliurcli, iiud r ciiiilil wisli fr,r Millkifiit, tlifri li(;<'iit yomi(j id. lili- tciloilir nlidul •H, uiul who liaM' Irlailsof tin- hji, corrciliii'ss and tpurcil fcir this,, ml I'oltajrc's, and II' |iliiiii dl' Wall r- il, wliitli is iiUiiii occhkUiI by two Kid, |ilii<'('il hy an tHoH'onu'iiDlUr. il iiiannor of cor- ir of tlio firld of , Hliicli HI' pam- ilitTiTciit kind of •i|wlly iif Ih'ccIi, Mill is r.l for iii- fiir llnil piiriKw. 'xcludc I'vcry ray tlic iitnidspliiri : { of Ik'I'C'Ii H(KI(t |ih^lll<:. I tiir n pri'iiic' ' tli»> Alilmrf 'iiiK out nil 1 1 ; the old ferlili so nniiiy l)ii|! iiiiiiy of »l I. Iipittu'd hiihiti (;reat denl "i inipiMinK iut • luiiii on the iiihahitants who, however, had now beeoine mure eaiilious in triislin|r theiii. ,\ll kinds of provisions, ediieution in all its )>ranclie<', pulplic uiniiseineiits, and the lu.viiry of a carriajfe, may ;ill Ik- had here for about one half of what they eost in KiiL'l'""' ' "'"' ">' <'>^ i"* ■■'> re.4trainl, but what the law, iiiililiv adininititered, imposes. Itisiks of all kinds, par- tirulirly Kreiicli and Kii^lish, are eiireriilly reprinted lirre, and sold for iniieli lesn than tile editions of onr must |H>pular works printed by tJalicnani at Tari-s. We liave vet seen no plaee in the eourse of our tour, not I'veii i'Vaiiekfort, that wears the apjuaranee of so iinieli ease and pros|H'rity us in the iiilinbitants of Ilriissels. Thire are, however, many dissatisfied spirit-s aiiion^r Ihfni, es|K'eially tlie calliolie (iiiests, who linle the f,'o. viTiinient of proteslants, and the .laeobins, who hale all ^rmirniiients; but the mild and eipiitable rule of the kini; ri'str lins to a certain degree if it eaniiot subdue their halnd. We wont ihioiifrli the kind's palace, which had been nciwiv I'uriiisbcd, and is oiio of the most liabltalile and ciiinliirtiiblq Iioiisck of that denomination, |ierhups, in Kurupc. The ball-room is llio only \iii«i> apartineiil, and is splendidly fitted up and fiiriiislied. It may be HOMii' eiijhty liol by forly, and very lofly. 'I'lierc is Qtiiither room, |ieihaps somowliat sniallor, which is called llic pirtiiro ifallcry, iiul is as unworthy (ho naiiio as the |>ictuiesarc unworthy to bo placed in it. Tlio palace is built round a lar);o i|iiadrannnllliilly njeeuted, and in |iriiluibly not inferior in any pieei' ol carving in wish! Iliriiiiiilioiil the Nelherhiiids, uliieli is saying a great ileal, ,is this is (he eonidry, of all others, w here earvinu ill wissi was carried to the greatest |' rli-eiion. The ■iilijei't of (lie (iiidiile pulpit Is the expulsion of Adam anil l.te IVoiii paradise. 'I'lio pulpit itself is supported by the Itunret of our first parents and the angel, who is driviii({ iTicm mil willi i\ llaming sword. The face ol Ailnin is eoiirealeil by his two linmls placed lielbre it. mill Ins Mowiii;! hair ; but the whole figure, by the aid. (iiile into w'liieh it ii (brown, exhihits the «tronge«t rrpresenlalion of gtief and di's|Hinileney llint eiin well lie iiiingini d ; while K.ve turns round linr piteous face, and looks at the angel in the iiio'.l aHeeliiig expression el ciiiindinHiiii', und » listk " more In soriow limn in «n|{er," evinring nl llin satnn limn sntnething not ctttclly uf i'uin|iliiinl, but ai If ili« wuulU My "Unr punislinienl e.xeeedsonr crime." The tree of knowledge, with its spreading branches, nives sii;i]Hirt lollie canopy over till! piilpii ; and the huge snake, liavini; siieeeeiled in deslrnying the happiness of our first jiareiils, is In ihe act of sneaking away from its vieliins,aiiil enlwiniiig itself round the li.iek part ol'tlie pulpit, on wliii h side ils head is seen to have reached the lop of the eaiiopy. Ilefe, however, on the highe.-t siiiiimil, stands erect the figure of liio Virgin .M.iry, iMariii:; a lung crozier, with Ihe point of which she pierces llie head of the siinko. On cither side, on Ihe railing of the sleps.are a niimlier III birds and (piadrupcils enjnying lliii:iselvef., as il weri', in paradi>oj Ihosu on the side of Adam In iiig inoslly of the larger species, and sm h us aie eiiiliied with masculino slreiigth, und those on (be fide of I-ac, hielly peaeoi ks, parrots, and monkeys, whieli sume nay, peilmps, bo ihspi,^,.,| to think was iiiteii I"' r 'snl'i'il tlial l>lillaili'l|ililn w iili hii am. jile Mil|>|il> ofwulrr. IMehllo'ly witliniil lliiil raltiMl tif InlintlOll.. \oilinii I lllilll III' iiilil'il III till' way ol niiiaiiii iii w Mfh wkiiM hi iliekailir I list Im' -.1 illiilllr. ttiillli' 111 In r illl\s nl |lO>^|H r 1\ lii'S-.n'il III tail' Iniiiiliiil lliiiiimiinl Iniiiiliiin.. - stinii' nl' llif-in nrii luiiliatiii' it litili' lie ri' r\n'iii'r i-Ii-K/uiff iliaii niir Inilrioiis. Inn ne kn'iw trnm ilii>«i' w liii'li ri'iiiinii Iliiii mNn.v were ti" v N>r ni'iirU pn. \Vi' iijij" al in evi r> iriiwili'i In ('iiii)|m' lii iMiiilini iinr n|iiiniin win n \tr niiv, a ii'|i|> la-lrOil rniinfatn iiiliU na nnn h III Ihe Isniiilv III n i llv nn n npU imIIiI IiiiIIiIImi. '('lie rniiiM lis w lin • hall lenil till' way III lliilr liiliiHlinllMit to niir |iiltilir iH|iniii'« mil nil III Ihe Ihiililii nl till' rniniiniiilh iiiiil lln- iiaines «il ihi' |ir employed, a single horse being liei|ueiitly observed to draw a light plough thriiugli tliB IrHise and mellow soil. We may. here observe that, since wo left Liege, (ho cnndKion of tho ngrleultural lahmirers, if we might judge from the appearance of the larmhnuses und eot- liiges, and villages, was sonieuliiit superior to that of the same class furl her lo the easl.vard. There was more neatness about the liirm-yaids. and more euro taken in the preservation of every iiigredieiil. liir the <:oiii|iflsl heap, so essiM.lial iijr kei ping up the prolific ipiality of Ihe soil. Their grain w as caieliilly slacked, and their dwellings wore w hile-wHshed, and kept i lean liefore llie doors, anil these tiiiil the windows iiiid llio Wood work generally were |)ainlid gleeii : this eoiilrast, iiowever, does not apply so iiiiich lo llie stale of agri- culluie of the countiy between the easli rii and western purl ions of IJrabant, as to llie geneial appearance of tho houses and the (Hople ; for nolhiiig could e.xi eed tho neatness in which the In nil was cullivuled llie whole svay along the banks of the Uhiiic and as far as ^Vix-la- i'hapi'lle; llie care and the lahinir beslowed on every part of It were little, if any thing, iiifei mr .In thai of Iho Dutch .Netherlands. Hut this neatness in the i ultiva- lion had no correspondeiiee with llie diess and appear- ance of the peasantry, whose e.xlreine slovenliness niid Ihe filthy slate of tinnr dwelliiiL's were ijiiile ilisgusling. '\ll kinds of dirt were sullered lo lemaiii undislurbeil Itcliire the doors, and it was not unusual to see a parcel of children nearly naked, paddling in |«iols of waler — the drains from Hoiiio iieighhiiunng dunghill; but iiu- lliiiig of this kind is seen in llelgiiim. fihent is siltiated on (he united stream of (he Scheldt, Ihe Lis and the Lieve. Il Is a fine old city, but, like all wo have yet seen, the height of the houses anil tho narrowness of many of the streets give il u dull and sombre appearance. The cathedral is a line old sirue. lure, at least eipinl to the chiirch of St. (I'lidiile nt lliiissels. It is said to have liien built in the eleventh eenlnry, and tiiiisliid ns it now a|ipi'ars. If we clearly iiiiili'r>liiod Ihe .Vii/sjr (/(• /Vgi'i of varioiin kinils uii ' coliiiirs; (he lower parts of the vvall.< are lined alinos, wholly vvilli black marble. Its two and (weiily chniM'ls are innslly of iinrble, with disirs of liiass. The iillar-piec> s iiid all (he iiioniiiin iits are also (it black and vvliilu inaible, (he liiriiier seiviiig n* pediislalsor bases, on wbieh the wlnile length ligures of w'lilli' iiinrhle, ('roiii (he ipiurrles of (ieima. rest. One of IheMO, n bishop ui'dhoni, by (jiiesiiny.ainl another, n (iernmii bishop, by I'aoli, ore exi|iii»itely fine. Tho piilpil is n (inislied piece of curving, siipporleil by two slnliies of '/'iinr and Tinlh, under the ligures of mi angel holding o|h'Ii the " Hisik of Life' beliire the (iiee of an ohl man ; und on each tliglil of steps is (he ligiiro of an niigel ; — (he whole by Laiirriit do Veatn. (ibeiit is nioiosi ns much inlersecled by canals nn if i( were u town of Holland ; and they talk of ils (wenty- seveii inlnniU und (lireo hundred bridtc, which nrn prubnbly ibuul llireo titntii tlio nctuil miinbcr. In (li« .«.r. # • ' J-i ' 11, ^'&MP:^ . I ■ ^, I i'..f. -I .1: m m ',.^1 ■."* ■Jiii 90 A T0I;R TIIROI'OII M»I!TII HOLLAND. architect jre of tlic churches wo obaervcd nothing very remarkable, but the tlepjied gablea of the houacs give a peculiar character to Ihc town. It haa some gnns«! to engage in ; and in the greater part of this particular irassage there is nothing tn distract his at- tention, the Imnks lieing so high as to intercept the view of the i:oiintry. We could see enough, howevi-r, to satisfy us that the whole surface was in an admirable stale of tillage. It is said, indeed, that in no inrt of the Nether- lauds are finer cro|>s produced than in the district lie- tween this line of country and Antwerp, called the Waes- land, whii^li eiMituries ago was a continued waste of liar- rcn lieatli, naked sand, and splashes of water. BRUUEa. It took us about eight hours to reach Bruges, a clean, i|uiet, dull town. Onec the iH>ntral mart for almost all the connnerce of the Low (countries, it still exhibits the remains of former irrandeur. With its commerce ond its (ipulenc(s its |>opulation gradually fell to nearly one half of what it was. It is now said to contain almiit seven thousand houses, and thirty-eight thousand inhabitants. l)nc |H)rtiun of the |Nipulution, and no inconsiderable one, might not |ivrlia|i8 to lie deemed as any very great loss, — that which ^icopled some dozen convents and ahlieys, witli their extensive establishments and large tracts of ground within the city walls, most of tliein now suppressnl. One of these, which still remains near the western ex- tremity of tlio town, is the liegtiinage, an establishment for the supimrt of old nuns. It is ii large enclosure eon- taining a handsome clia|N'l, a nunib<'r of very gfSMl and neat houses round a spacious Mpiare planti'd with tret^s, and gardens iH'hind them. These elderly ladies are in the enjoyment of every comfort. There is a similar es- kiblislimeiit ut (ilient, the elia|M'l of which we nllended during service lime, hut were not inucli enraptured by the voices of these ancient virgins ; indi cd the whole ni that institution was much inferior to this at llrngcs. ItlTe we also visited uii Knglish nunnery whiili had been foimiled ninety-nine years ogo. The old lay sister, iKitwilhstaiiding her well Iriiinniil Isaril, and a pair of iiiustaehes, was a very intelligent and agreeable |H'rson, exceedingly eoininuniealive, and miieh pleased In Nee her eouiitry |N'ople, and lanieutet indulge us with admission lo the cloisters, and the interior, but their regulations, she said, were strict and |>o«ilive to allow nil iHTson to s>s! any of the professed nuns, except their ri'lations or their aer)uaintanees at the pnrhir. lOven the elia|N'l, she snid, hail reeenlly lieen closed against the public liy an orih'r from the government, but NJie wciulil venture to show il to us, and indeed ur!;i'd us III see il. I'liis eha|H'l is certainly Ihe most |H'rfeel model nfllie kind thni can Is: iiiiagiiii'd. Il is filled up with gissl lasle and elegance, and ih'voiil of all lniiii|N'ry ileen. rations. Indeed there was nothing within il, will) Ihe exei plinn orilic iillar, and searrely thai, to indiculu thai it was a plaes for ralhnlic worship. The number uf profcasad nuni ii furly,all from Eng- land ond Ireland. The whole sisterhood were ex|>cllod from this convent on the irruption of the !''ranch, and made their way lo Kngland; where thoy wore received, and a convent fitted up (or them, by Sir Thomas (loge. While there, the old lady said they were all very un- happy, though well treated ; and though ther'3 were among them several young ladies unprolessud, and in frequent communicotion with thoir friends, there was not, while in England, a single case of desertion — such is Ihe influence that is exercised over the minds of these young creatures, when once entered within the pale ol monat'tic hie. Observing a large concourse of |ieople not far fi'om the convent, and proceeding towards that quarter, we sow in an enclosed piece of ground a number of [lersons dressed ingrccn jackets, with bows and arrows,shooling at a small wooden figure of a bird, ap|>arently not largi'r than a s|nrrow, isTclied at the top of a sort of may|Mile, about one hundred and fifty firt high. Tin m- arliiiW triers, or toxophililes, liir they were of that society, of an eient standing in Holland and the Netherlands, shot their arrows in turn; and in the course of alsiut a quarter of an hour the bird was hit twice, which was the more dex- tcroiisly done, as the wind was blowing strong. This kind of pole may lie observed in almost every vil lage of Ihe Netherlands, and for Ihe double pur|in«e of exercising the toxophililes at the mark on its sumu'it, and also of decorating with garlands on thirs and festi- vals, when it is a common practice to greow: or soap the lower |iart, and hang up a prize (or him who has the skill, and can endure the fatigue, of ascending this sli|>- |s'rv iMile, so as tn reach it. The streets of Hriigi's are kept as clean as those of o niileli town. The houses and siio|m are not elegant, hut neat, and the |K'opIe generally apfsar to lie in ileeenl cir- eiiniHtauees. The shojis and Ihe markets are wi II sup- plied with every necessary of life; the fruit and ve(.'el,i- liles are gooaiuliiig. We ramlileil through the northern side of the town, which consists of whole strei'ts of cottjiges, nuistly built on one plan, r il kept neat and clean by whitewashing. VU the women U-longlng lo these collages were busily employed in weaving lace Is^fore Uie doors, and in many places whole grou|i« of them gossiping while fingering their bobbins with as much rapidity, and seemingly with as much ease and pleasure, as a young lady runs her fingers over the keys of a piano-lbrte. \S'e undersUssl that from wveii to eight thousand women are enipluyed on this s|>ecies of manufacture. The dress of the |ieople of the Netherlands is not Ihe most iH'coming, |iartieularly that of the women. Kxcept those who move in the higher sphere of lili', and who imilali- French and English fashions, the generality of eitizens* wives and daughters wear, even in the warmest weather, long black cloaks, reaching to their hiH-ls, with ileep liootis, which the old ladies generally draw over the head, hut the young ones mostly turn down, in acket Ooin Ostend had iH'eii put oil from the 'ii\ lo thi' ltd of.S'ptem- Imt, we resolved to s|snd the day at Ilruges rather than Oslend, which gave us a np|K>rlniiity of seeing Ihc ehurihes ol Noire l)aiiie,or the cathedral, and Si. Siilva- liir. Niiire Dame is a heavy mass of building, with a lowir and spire, that tsbmg to no specific class of arehi- leeliire. The nave is ilivided from the side aish's by mas- sive columns. The pulpit is one of those nirioiisly carved fabrics, common to almost every church in Ihe Nether- lands. Il is sup|H>rteil by llie figure of Ihi' Virgin silting on a glols'. 'I'here are two pieces of souliilure in while marble, represeiiliiig Ihe Virgin and Child, that are ex- Ireiui ly Is'siitifiil. The one near the high altar is es. Iirmeil Ihe IhsI, and, indeed, bus Isi'ii claimed ns Ihe work of .Michael Angelo. It wss found in a Oemsw ves- sel, thai had Inch taken by a Diileh privaUer U'hmging lo Ilruges, and liNlged in this church. Sir Josliiia Key. nobis is of opinion that it is of the scIhkiI of .Michael Aneelo, While I'siking with admiration sl this heanliful s|ieci. men of sciilpliire, a gi-nlleman of very res|S'Clable ap- pesrsnrs wrni down tiefore it on Imth knees, and with outin|H»>ed of the some |K-oph', wns very n'lnarkable. The fiiult, as we have Is', iiire observed, iiinsi lie with the nflicers, fiir the men, tliniigli gem rally small, were young, nnil, by pro|irr (raining, wmild easily Ih; broiiglil inio a state of heller order and diM'ipline. It is jusi |sishilib', as the ililr of llie IMileli army were assemliling in llie neiglilKiiirhoi d eC I'lrcehl, lo In' reviewed by the king, llie rigiiinnt in queslinn niiglil Ih' chiefly eoni|Hised nf reeriiils. On Ihe Isl of .SepleiiilH-r, alsiul fiiur in the afternoon, we embarked on Ihe treekschnyl, not quite so cnniinniliniiii as the former one, and were landed in the evening on llii' quay of Oslciid. The fare was one franc and one stiver, almul eleven (s'nee each |H'rson. The canal that eonnei In lliese two lowiiH is brood and lUrp, and nearly on a level with the siirfiiee of the counlry Ihe wlmli «ay, wliirli has niiieli Ihe ap|N'araiice of llnllanil. In Ihe Inst |sirlr, where any thing like eiillivalinii ap|n'iirs, the soil is hea|s'd up in roiniiled ridges, and the deep fiirrows, wr observed, were iiioslly filled willi water. As we approarli Oslenil, llie ' liicc, |Hirtii'iilarly on the northern side ol' the canal, lieeomes more swampy, unil Ihe country puli on a mnrr dreary appenrsnre. Here, on the lirt of Pcplember, they were busily rm- i.f |.I.iveil in the h.iviiiS much II iiiinier-^inn in l.i^e^ with the ,| re, Mill in i (Itil.iniling, or.-.larni in O^t mil in the garri (mil', s public ilr.illis lliat (in ili^il ii' (hey ha |/:Milriii, they V iIkiI either (be li.iil L'"t aiiioni! I.illle can In nral eiiiiiigh, ai i;reeii, blue, oiii 'j'lie iiili-rinr Ihc mill i" Isirdere »|iriiiuing iiji Ih' IMiie. Tlie eii(n ml and liarlniur the nliid blows flriin;; and ri'ui lirccaiitioMS liav lin il'.-\va(ers of i;i.ii l« nf sdiiiex |ir'iiiienii|e, hav krieadi i(. We ciiilnrke Innirt were land While (hese nili>riiia(ioii has Wllliaiii had rel lifiun, so far as >.ii(«erp, and (I III (lie bands of iMiII agreed llpo I'urljii T ; and ha ;;iiliii, (hey lini iiiureh. Thus, ( rediiiis (he navig pr.ilialily no nea nnd KriL'land en 'lice pri'nllers ol (n Im' kept as hnsi eieli coliiinii ci 'I'liiir numlH'r oi llir mean lime, I ri iiiw the war of iiiyi(ia(inii may :i;:niiis( tlie Diitcl nil: i.ivRs ■ Ilv Pram Ik I'liiler this sum Ihe ingenious uuti " Itnlllaneo of lt:i wlial is fir more pirh.i|«<, the expli "il.'iiipnr.iries — (I iMi; (hi'iii wi(h an l"oli((le di.dnee, i.Mine, why lliese In reiiowu sliniibl e'liiipaiiinnsliiii, ai imiillil'i, kiiigi, .III He liiia iiiade his llie iieisl enlerlaii niieeiliile und aih Mr. \|, bus made itiit iMiaii(lieiilieal< II liltle tint |iiglil> ia;i) Ih' fnrgiven I ,', The |Hwtig 1 lulf cent for oi •'■r « grea(er dlsti •hrK. after which ]„ alkiil nut nftlir in, or ralhir of il nn thi' part uf cr ill our whnli^ n to gn into tho ?ring thcin ciir. hnpcl of JcniM. nsly ili!in|ip(iiti|. Lhnt would uitli niie corner of it in neermiary In e of Chrixt, Ihr em. On enter. , an old wnniai) ' a mail, with • , Uld Uie Uxly nerren to Ik' no. inre or ninrkyt tiioHH to tANte or nceoflnrgehnr (rroiiiid llimr, ia xna the merit nl' like tlint nmtrr xt tJie w|unre ii remnrknlile nnrl I! lower |Mirt m niidin); with thx he four cornern. Her dimenKinns ; I, in an oetaf;on. iniidred feet, in the eourve uf f htiildiiifrn, n»t iinon or oft n' o n town. Thin •i-B of plam dm. ltotterdani,niiil illeil, Iwfore thn nn. The |»uiiit(il Ktorien, and tlio II feuturen of a (.'alile of many work, in elinrar. are (reneraliy a of noinieircniar , nn the tiirkiil nomitiiiicii up. tlie eonlrnnt in the Diiteli, or rade. t)ne ot' one ntntionecl le, where all the band ami iiiee to ohm rvc ipportinir till' I II reinniiiiiiit CI ehnreli, wu ly tlii'y wen- and no care. i|; mid tnaif iiHtid with the d lip coat, tlia inniann, the dif. il of the aaine an we have In'. for the mill, nil, hy prii|ifr MVKS or n.lNDITTI ANI» RonnKits. 91 Blale of lietif he ilitr of the (jliUiiirhni il el nsinittit in rnitn. the arterii'iiin, loeoniinoilioiiii iveninif on tin' ind one alivi r, that eniiiii tin riv on a li vi I way, whli'li the Inn! |Kirlr<, n, the noil ii" I ftirrown, «r we iipproai II IhiTii nide ol I rniintry pnli •rr huaily rm. |i>ov<'d in the very iniil'-l of havinakini;, the uiieiit Krann hnviiis iiiucli the ap|H araneeol'U'intf recently freed Iroiii iiiiMier''i"ii in water ; yet at a nliort dintaiiee were vil- liirin, willi their nrcoinpaiiyiiifj Ireen and their elinreh n ir. Ml n in every dinetion. ' (III l.inilin;:, we liiiind there was a eonnidernhle deirrer iir.ihirin ill < >Kleiiil on aeemiiil of a fiver that had hroken .iMi in the 1,'arriniin ; and to alhiy the fears of the iiihahi- Iniilii, a piililin iiotiee wiin (;iven out, statin); the few (Icillis that liaii liap|H'iied, — hut which were no (rreal, ih.'il il' they had taken place in the nuine pro|>ortion in |<:iii|iin, they wimhl have (jiveii eaiise for apprehension tliiit ell her liie pla)rue or the yelhiw fever or the cliuh'ra li.iil ;;i.i anion:; us. * l.illlc can In' said in praise of Osteiid. The town is 111^1 rnoiiirh, and looks lively, with itn painted lioiini « ol ltc'iii, hhie, and yellow, which are the prevailin); eoloiim. 'fill inlirior luisin liir shipping is lnr|;e and conimmlions, .1111I il iHirdered liy a hroad ipiay, which, hy the pra.ss ii|iriiii.'iii|,' lip In'twivn the stones, indicated no overftiix ol Ir.iile. The entriinee to the hasiii tliroilirli the outer cliaii. ml anil harlionr in dillieiill, and next to iiii|Hishihle when till' wiiiil lilown ntroiii; otf the shore. It is ilefendtd hy a flrnii^ and regular fort, ill which in the citadel. (JrenI liri'i'aiitioiin have Ini'ii taken ti. keep out the wa, hy linil'-walern nf wooil and stone, lint chielly hy a nhipiiic i;liii i" of stonework, on the lop of which in a pleasant lirnininiili-, liaviiif; the nea iK'aeli and tho aaiidn chini kni'.'ilh it. We cinhirked in the eoinnion iteaincr, and in aixtcen hiMin were landed on 'lower Hill. While these nlieetn were panninj; throiijfh the prcns iMrorinalion has lie< 11 received from llulland, that Kinp Williaiii had rel'iiited to nonetion Huron Chanw'n eapitu lilinii, HO far an it eonecrnid other forts than that of '.iiUvrrp, anil the (leneral remained a prisoner of war in the haniln of the French. Ily the lermn of iiilervi 11 iMiii n;;reeil ii|Hni, the French had no ri^lit to prnceci: liirllK r ; and liaviii(,', moreover, ajfreed to evacuate llcl ;;iMiii, Ihiy had already eoinnieneed the retror;niili jii..irh. 'J'liiis, though ..Vntwerp liiin fallen, Holland yel ri'Iniiin ihe iiavi);alion of the >Scheldl, and the dinpule in priili.ilily no nearer an adjustment, than when France nnil DiiL'I'iiiil eiilin-il ii|Kiii the shameful njrcression. 'Ihe pn^iiiiern of war were on their march to Dunkirk, to l»' kept as hiii|;h the oliacii. rity, nhoweil lis we were near the villa);e we had Ir'Hi no Ion); in nearcli nf. Hut, lo reliirii to robln'r stories and their efl'eefn gvw. rallv, it may I"' "aid Hint no n|ierles of narrative, exeipt, |H and lonililinns. This conviction, and the cnciinintanecn of my haviii|; panned a nnmhiT uf yeara in Ihf louth of Itafy — the land of hr'{;andiam jmr rxfrllencr — and of haviii); repeatedly visited the wildcat [Mirls of that country, and [lonncnsiil iiiysvlflhereof soino eiirioiiH iletajin, induce iiic to colleel my own materials, and by unitini; them to the authentic ntalenientn of others, to produce, for a winter cvenin); nmiiseinent, a sort of history of banditti. Ih'tore tlie reader proceeds fiirtlicr, I will warn him, that he will not find my roblN'rn such rniuaiitie, Ifcneroiis ehnrneters, as those that iM'casionally fi);iire in the fiehls of liction. He will iiieet with men strangrra lo that virliioiin violence of robliiii); the rich to);ive to the poor. They );ive lo tho (sHir indeed, but il is an spies and instriiineiilN of their own crimes, or at k'ast in order to induce the pisir to reinaiii (mssive while they carry on their work of depredation nt;ainst the rich. Il could scarcely lie deeiupd grent liliernlity in men, who, fresh from the cany plunder of a Ireaniirc, should scatter a few dollars ninoii!; tlie needy |N'nsaiitry, but even lliesi' few dollars are );iven from motives directly nelfish. .Anion); Italian lianilitll, I never coiihl hear of a Robin llissl, and still less of a refined luetaphysieal " RoIiIkt Misir," that lii);h-niinded, rnmanlie hero of Schiller, who ia ilrivcn lo bold villany by the paltry, covert vicca of ac eiely. The effect Schiller's trn);eily of " The Robliera" pro- duced on Ihe roinaiilic youths of InTiiiany is well re. iiicinliered ; they la'came enainoured of a bri);aiiirs life, and thoii);lit the loftier and more );enerous virtiien in. coiu|mtibh' with a life of dull honesty and submission to Ihe laws of Hoeiety, Hut the firaii idriil that deliiileil them was only ideal, and in reality roblH'rs no more de- liver Inucliiii); moiioln);ueH to the settiu); sun, than they unite ele);anee and virtue with violence and );uilt ; and when they took to the liirest and the wild, and levied eoiilribntionn (as several raw Htudentii aitually did), they must SIS1II have found they could qualify themselven for the );aUows, williniit reaehiii^ the sublimilies of |Hn'lry and m'litinicnt elicited by the fervid iiiiai;liiatioii of the |Msl — who, he it reeolh'eled, was a stripliii); like llicm- selves when he wrote " The RoblHrs " The FolM'rcr minds of Hritish youth were never hd by piny, iHM'iii, or nunanee, to such a diin);erous iinilatlnn; but I can well recall the time, when, with otliern of my own n);e, I fancied it one of the most romantic tliiii);M |Missilile to In- a capli truth or ino. rality. Throughout Italy tlipto bnllada and ttorica arc 4:' V ir; »,<■ IS «' -1 'A i ^' -'15 r 9-2 LIVES OV ilANDITTI AND ROIIIiKIlN. I i" f I uliiio^i ;ih iiuiiK-riMis UN acrfiniilH «>!' iiiinirlrs ftiid l(X'<'iiil> fiT Nuiiil>. TIm-v 'in iiiiioiii; tin- lir»l limits li-iiriii'il in t'liililliiKMl; llii ii ciiiilliiii.il ri IM lilimi riiiiiili.iriH's llir iiiiikI Willi l.iuii ss (In il>, ivIiiUl liirir s|>iril iil' iiilvriitiiii' lias a Nlriiiii; liiM iiiatiuii liir u vury Miisilivc uml vriy i},'iiuraiil |«-..lilc. " I., t wliii will iiiaki' the lawmif IhiToiiiilrv," nayntln Si'dli h {Kill iiil, I'll Iclirr iirSiillniiii, " Irl iiir iiiakr Ilii- lial- lail>, anil I will tnnii llir |h'ii|iIi'." A littlr ri'tlii'liiin will hIiiiw linw inni-li is rontaiiii'il ill tliis rt'iiiark. W rri.- a prniif ri'ijiiiriil lo Mi|i|M)rl il« I wmilil |Hiint to llir naliirr ul'tlir t;rii< ral mil nl' Italian liallails anil tii llii^ iliaraclrr III' llir Italian |HM|ilf. Ami wi.rr i a ilrsput an |iiitint a^ a Cliinrsi' i'iii|H'riir, I wniiM (U'rn-i' llir (li-Nlriirtinii (if all (lii'ir liall.uls rrlutiii|r to liniranitisiii, and would )ii)insli I'vrrv ti III r ot' u i^torv or a traililmn ou that niiliji rt — at li'abt until llir roiintrv wrrr ri\ilisrd, wlini tliry ini^lit Ih' "said and >tiriir" witli no itinrr r\ il niii:4t'<|iiriii:rs than ntliiid tin- !>iiiaini;or n rital ol'" .lohiiiiii; Arnislroii!;," or " 'llir hold lioliiii I loud," ainoni; lis. 'I'lir L'nal ruiliM rs nrronntiirs arc yiiiir road-inakrrs. A .M,ii' Adiini ill Calaliria would do more in Mi|i|irr.ssinL' lianditli than Iwiiily saii^iiinary tiuMriinrs, stnli as llir llir I'riiii'h ( Mill ral Maiilii ?, w Iiom' {uorri iliii[;s I shall Innr orrasioii to drtail. W'hfrrxrr Lrnod rniniiiiiniratinns liavr In III o|i( III d, llir lirii.'and'- li.ivr (.'raihially w illi- ilra\\'ii. This I havr srrn inysrlt'iti Calaliria, in Apulia, and in tlir AI>ru/./i. That lliis indml ffiinilti Ih- Ihr rasr will strikr r\rrv ImkIv, hilt it is so in a ilr^rrr wliirh laiii hardly hr nniliTsti.od hy thosrwlio havr not sirii it. 'I'lii sijjhl III' a iirw liroad road si riiis to prodiiir thr sainr Ih'- wiiiliiintr, tiriilyini,' iinprission on an Italian rolilar, thai till' iii.'iKiral iiiirrur id' KuTuirro did oil Ihr ryrs ol Ills rnrrilirs. 1 rriiii iiihrr oiK'r having: to pass n district (not llir from Tai. into, thr am ii til Tairntiiin; whii-h had loni.' lioriir all iMt'.iiuoiis rrputatioii. Itn s|«'akiii); to a (iriillc man ol' thr rouiitry, hr as~iirrd iiir tlirrr was now no grounds tiir apprrhrti^ioii— that thr i^oxrrninrnt had I'uiislird a .\liiiilii iitnini tlirrr iMonlhs Ulorr, and ihul not 11 ^iii<;Ir rolilirrv li'Ht Ihi-ii hr.ird ot' siiirr. Indrrd, I ill- iiiost in\arrty. llopiiiL' thi-r lirirr)rrn( ral cihsrrvatious may not lia\r rali:;ui il tlir rradri's p.itii iirr, I shall now prorrnl to thr niMsi aiiiil'-iiiL: 'ind aiitlirnlir iiarrali\rs of liandilli I ran rollrri, Ih t),'ini; him to U'ar in iiiiuil thai rohlirrs, likr thr lirriM> Ih I'orr thr tiiiir 111" llouii r, arr frnpH nlly lost in nlisr(irit\ — that history has disiiainnl lo rrrnrd ihrir r.xploil'', which arr only to U- rollcctrd in the si-cncs ^vhich witnessed tliciii, and iVoin tlic occasional urromils oftran llcrs. Tin: ui>iiiii:i{ <>i riiK aiiuiz/i. "Of no avail," says the cxcrllrni .\ca|K)lilaii historian Itiannoiic, " was the horrid s|H'clacle of the lorliiies and ill ath of till rliicf M intone ; iSir very shortly aOir the kiniiilom was dislmls d hy the incursions of the famous .M.irco Sc iarr 1, w ho, iniilaliii^' Manonc oft 'alahria, called liimscif > III ihllii ('.i/n/»;i';i(i,' or ' Kini; of tin op, n coun. try,' and ass, rli d his royal prcrojjative at the head of six liiiiidrcd r^lilicrs" ravciured hv liis position in llii! iiioiinlains of the .MiniA/i, and on the eiintincs of aiiotlicr i;ovcriiiiient — the papal slates, which lor many years liiive heen the promised I Mid of hriir.indism — this extraordinary rohher attaini (I the hijriii si cniiiieiiee in his prolission. Ills hand, so formidalilc in il-e|f, always iiclcd in eoiiecrt with olh. r li.mds of liandilli in t'le Hoiiiaii states ; they aiili'^ c.ieh othi 1 liy arms and council: and in riseof Ihi Itoinaiis 111 .iil; pre~«eil on Ihcir side, tlicv eoiild always ret real aero«-lhe froiitiiT line to their allies in the \liril/./i, while, in the same pridicnment.lhc Ahriiv/esr roiildelain the hospitality of the wnrlliy Mihjeels of tin" |io|ic. The same cirnnnslaiiei-s have strcn|rthcnnl the han iliiti ill our own diys. and rendered the eounlry lielwein Terracina and I'onili. or the t'ronlicrs of llii' papal slat and the kin^'doin of Naples, thr most iioliirioiiii dislrirt of all llalv for ruhlMTs. Iliil Mirro .Siarra vviu' iiiorcnvrr lavoiirril hy olhrr ein iiiiistancev, uriil he had the i;rasp of niiiid to eotnpn licnd their im|>ortaiiee, to nvail hiiiiKcIf of them, mid I raise Iniii'-clf lo the irraileof n |Hililiral partisan — |H'rliiips he nimeil at that ofii piitriol. His nalive country was in the hands of Ion inner", and most de-{Kilic illy i.'o\crncil liy viceroyN from S|Niiii, who wvrv ircncrally detesit d hv the iH'ople, find frcipieiillv pliiltcd neuinsl hy tlic nohililv, wlio, iiiHlCHd (ifiiiiKtfitini; to put down thr luutuicili, uuiiid aft'ord them ooimleniiiicc and protection, when rci|uireil, in their vast and remote cst.ites. A (.'nat part of the rest of it.ily was alinosi as liailly ^'overiied as the kiiit;ilom, and consi'ipii ntly full of nialtontents, uf iiirii nf desperate liirlimes, who, in innnv instalic.'s, forwnrileil the o|MTa- tioiis of the rolihers, and not mil'reipiiiitly joined their hands. An aeccssiiai like theirs added intelli^'cncc, mili- tary skill, and political kiiowlcdjri., to the caHso of the rude moimt.iiiiri rs ol'lhr Ahru7./.i. In Ihr roiirsrofa liw monllis alli r the di alh of llnie. ditto .Mant,'iine, .Marco Si i.irra had eiimmittcd Midi ra- va;;es, and luailc himself so loriuidable, that the u hole can' of the (rovernnicnt was nhsorhed hy liiiii, and ( very means in its |Miwcr emplnycil I'or his destruction. In the sprit,;; of l.'iSS, he had iclrcalcd willi liis hand, iM'forc a force of ;;ovcriiniciil triHips, into the .s!|:ii. s of the t 'liiireh, w hicli the \ ice-royalists could not invade w itlioul the ]M'riiiission of the )hi{h'. In the month of .\pril the yiceroy, Dontiiovau di i'.uniea < 'onle de Miranda, applied lo the Holy Sci for an inimcdi.itc renewal ol' an old I'li/i. rniiliiti/, hy which tlu' i laniiii^sarics and the tniops ol cither ^oM'i luiicnt were aiitlinrisi d to have tree ingress and egress in the Nca|Hililan kini;doni and the papal states, lo piusiie rohhcrs,crossini; tin t'is|Hctivc fionliers as nihil as iiii^'hl he necessary, and hy which the two stales were pled;;i d rceipmcally to aid each other in the laiid.ihle duly of siippressiiiL' all liaiidils, •'^ixtus VI. eomplied with this n asonahle riipiest, hy );raiilin;; a hreve for three months. Iiiimedialcly the triHips of the \ iceroy .Miranda eiosscd the frontiers In pursuit of Sci- arra, who, heiiii; properly iiitoriiied hy ninncroiis friends and spies of all that passed, turned hack into the kintrdom iiIhiuI the sanie lime that his enemies ipiitted it; niid avoiilini; the pass of .\ntrndoro, vvlirrr thr Spaniards were ill force, he vvas siHin safe in the luounlain. The riihher li.id the synipatliics of all tlie pcnsantry on his side, and found iViends and ;;iiidcs every where. Not so the Spanish commander in pursuit of him, who did not Ic.ini wliercilioul he was for several days, when soiin I'uuilivi' soldiers hroii;;lit him wind thai .M.ireo Seiarra was in the kin;;diiiii, and had jii.sl sacked the town of t 'elaiio, cuttini; to pieces a tletaehiiient of troops Ihiil had .M rived lliere. The Spaniard thin rcenissed the frontier, hut nearly a whole day iM'fore he reached the ciiimlry alioiit Celaiin, Seiarra was a};aiii lieyond the hordcrs. He had now, liowcMr, eonsidcralilc diirieiillics to en- counter. The oMieer had left a liody of hold iiien hcliind liliii in the papal states, and these had Ih'cii joined hy several coniniissarics of the pope, who each led a liunihcr of soldiers, and carried wilh liiiii his holiness's coininaiid lo the fiithliil, not lo h.irlioiir, hut to assist to take the Neapolitan haniliiti wluiever they mif;lit Ik'. Sciarr.i had not cvpcetcil so forniiilahlc an array on the side ol lioiiie aiviinsl him: he was several limi s hard pressed hy the troops, hut llie |M'asantry, spite of the iniunctious of the siicccs.-or ot' Saint I'ctcr, slid coiitliiiied Ids faith- ful friends. The historians who relate these evciils, cs|,. . illy reeord llial, wherever he wi nt, the rohher was kind ill eonvcrsaiion and i;i'iii roiis in action with the |Mior, i;i\inL', Imt never taking; from llieiii; and paying Iiir whatever his hand timk with iniicli more rctrularity than dill the ollicrrs of tlir SpaiiisJi troops. ( 'oiisripinilly hr was aihisrd hy soinr |«'asaiil or ollirrofthr apiin>ai h of rvrrv Iiir, ot' rvi-rv amhiiscade ot' the trisips, ot every inoviiiHUt they made: and he linally escaped lliem all, ki epin;; two forces, which inii;ht almost he called armies, at hay, the one on llic Unnniii coniine, the other uii tin \e:i|Hilil.'in, lor iiioie than a week. He llieii threw hiiiisi If hack on the mountains o!° Ahrn/zi, where, hy kccjiiiiy; hiiiisi If In the most inae- ccssililc places, Willi his men seiitlered ill the most op. portimr s|Hils, and ret;iilar sentinels slalioniil and jruariU distrilmti il, he had iuvari.ihly tlie adviinla^c over the eiiemv. Indeed, whenever the Irisips niusterctl coiiram' to approach his slroii^ holds, which he was in the lialiil of ehan^rint' iVeipiintly, they were sure lo rclitrii eonsi- dcralily diiiiinislied in iiunilicr, nnil vvitlioiit the salisl'ie. lion, iiol only nf killiii|;, hut even of seeiiiu one iil the rohtiers, whose nripichusses iViiin Ih-IuiiiI rm'ks, or the shelter of forcslN mid thiekcls, luiil so sure an niiii. .Six mouths )>iisseil — the soldicrK were Worn out. The Spanish olViii r, who first led thci.i on the iim less liiiiil, was deuci in eonscipicncc of a wound reeeiveii rrom the rnhlH'rs. U'inler approaehid, which is fell in all ils rigour on the lolly Mi ak niount.iins of the Ahni/./i ; the eiiiiimissaricK willi flieir men, on the oilier siilr, had loiiL' since nlnrncd to llieir lionics at IJiime ; and thr viee. rov*s |H'ople now went to till irs at Naples. Allcr these Iramiaelions, Alareo .Seiarra vvas asaiitry navv tliii. toriiiiilahle army enter their pastonil dislrietK by Cnstrl di Sani;ro, and traverse the mountain llat, " the plain uf live miles," they whispired "The will of (lod be done ! hut now it is all over with Kin;; Marco!" .Marco .Seiarro, however, had no such fears : but caiiic iNililly on to ail o|h n baItU'. Wilh his increased I'orii.', he tlinvv himself upon Spiiii Hi in the midst of the viie- roy's troops, which were presently disordered; lie vyoiimliil with his own hand the proiid Hon, who turned and llcil, but so seyerely wounded, that he was well liiiii leuviiii; his life in the iiiouiitains vvhither he had Kone to tain' that of Seiarra. The snldicrs followed their eoinmaniiir as Ih st they could, bavin;; the roliliers tJie full triunipli ofthefi. hi. .M.irco .Sciarra's courui;e and audacity were now in- rnased a lumdrcd-liild. He faiKicd he eould eonipn r a kiii<;iloni ; he invaded oilier provinces, and niarchini; across the niountains of the .\bru'/.7.i, he traversed iIium' of the Capitauata, sarkiii;;, yvllhouf ineelin;; wilh op|>ii. silion, the towns of .Serra Capriola mid Vasto. Nor did he slop lure: for he desceiidid into the vast plain ot .\piilla, and took and pill.i;;i d tin' city of l.uccra, a ver\ eonsidcniblc place, situated near the cdyc of the plain. The bishop of l.iiccta, who Ih d Iiir refuse to one of the ( liurcli lowers, was iinliirliinately shot, as he preseiiliil himself at a w indow or lisip-lioh' to see what vvas pnssiiic. Without hein^ molrstcd by any attack of the ;roveni. ■ Ill nl troops, Marco Si iarra's band leisurely rilunnil fmni this extensive pn datory excursion, loiidi d with booty, lo their .-Miruz/i moimlains, which nvirlimkiil Uonie, will re tin ir iiitirprisiiiK chief rem wed his katia- vv ith the banditti in the si ales of the pope, and cneourn^iil 111' 111 by the llatlerlnt,' picliirc of his splendid surcesscv. Itiil he had allies inorr inipoitanl and di;;iiilied tlaiii Ihese, The inililies of slates now U'caiiie iniicd up willi his fall'. .Mlimso I'iecolomini, n nolilciiinn by birth, but one n( the many des|M'ralc revoliilionists Itnly has Ih'cu fcrlila in the production of — a rebel to his soverei;rn the ;rtiiiii| duke of Tuscuny — bad tied to Venice, where he obtaiiieil service as a Noldicr of lorliine in the army with wincli that n'|iublie was then nasliiK war with (he I'srocelii. This man was em hauled willi the htand Seiarra liiiil made against the fHipc and the viecniy, iieilhtr of wliinii, at the time, was in ^ood ndoiir at Veiiiee ; mid he indiiciil the cnifly senators lo wink at his correspnudin;; willi, and liivoiirin;; the hold Abnizzcse, if he did iiol even dn more, and (work in;; nil their pabnisicH nf the |Hiwcr nf the Spaniards and of the |hi|i<' in Italy,; |H'rsu»ile tlieiii to assist the outlaw tbciuHclves with miiiiey and anus. Marco .Seiarra was every day ;;ailiiii^ importance ninl Blrciifth hy these maiio'uvres, whrn a rtirioUH chanfi' tiHik place. Here I i iilreal nltrtition to Hie vindiclive fed. inus, the iiltiT want ofjiriiiciplc, of decency, flint inarkiil the prorerdiiijH of princrs and potrnlattK in Italy in flion; day. I I 'I'lie i;ranil ; viii:;diil [i'd mailer of en Vem liaiis ill. ; fcrvici', hut d ; mini. Hut ' i.'ik'iit, and an services. Marco Seii priiposc a bri;; nil till ir wars Mini did I I'iri'iiliiinini. e.ir 111 these iiiiilil ill ly tin |ii\iil llieir pr ri (iinii d a bai C.ipi. or bead iiiiiit. The lis llie duke sen ice, and iiilii file snares put liiiii to a The oli;rarcl Hill In invite the war ii^ai |iri'seiit, turiiei linil .'it Hist dii where he wai IniiL', hoH'cvcr, i wlni had so ma severe liis.s, mill I'.lst \l hell l'o|Hi or inure aelive sliari'il all the iij ii'u'.irded the {iiili ill his stall i.-iii Ahliihran rotiiiiiission. liy a siumlta in-criiy's troops liii~, »ith ahsoli Ai-ipiaxiva, rouiii iiiiil M'ly adiiiiri li'iiipli'd, and wit Ml that wild coll loiii iliatc Ihc art' Ml insulted and o| in iilliec, and the »i II to their em tiiri', ahstaiiied I'ri] 111' iniilatcd the e for uhiilevcr the |ihiiits of the aisiT iiOi iliiins and licl I'liiispind with h lunihlli whom tin \\ illi llicni, as ;;ii iiiv-lrrirs and nri 'I'lius deprived t liv .Vliliibraiidini i till' iitlicr, Marco I laaile III hiiii hy f II |il the rank and Klillliavr II ;rht "I'll rtorfli liaviny n'iuihlii liirtheirei niilMrkcil with six I'livi rs,miil, turiiin i>|| the .Vdriatie to iirsano wns infori I'lrsscil his stars II iiin a siihjccl, am. riliiriii'd to .'Sapli Il ph. Hut the expafrii III III!' niountains i il'ii I HUP U'alhcrrd Miiiiccd operations «lnli' .Marco and •I'liarics served flu '"ilisf.icliiiii, eorres liiiliii'. ^lareo's yl 'il 111! ir body was i »w liiiucnlcd by I •'ti'iivcs of ahsenei «i iif yore, in the ii III' had now be 'urn siidi's|M>rati' li iln'iltvrs, llint iHiopI Lli." Ilia loiiflf ill \-llS Icll to lllirii iirlxil Ibi' iiKiiiy rhiofi lilV wai Miirco 011(1 Ilia ii|i«iiy ot" Iriaol. H>l<(i. Till' rcilj. lie 8ailriiaii. luTiuis notion i.i' iint'urtiiiiatu jioit, lincii)!('. liy the fiiiliiri' m' 1 Ihcii «o ccrluin, undcistiind tli(ii to liar Ironi Ilic il' Miirco Stiarra s in tilt' ('ii|>ii,iii Tgy, ami ill l.'ilH) [lie rotilicrij. l"'"Ur ciivalry, inarcliid ■(ininiand of Dna tisuiitry saw tjiin iHtrictti l»y ("nstcl lut, " lla' plain ul' ol' (!od l)f done! i!" I fi'iirK : but came I incr('as((l lorcis midst of the vice- li'ri'il;li(' Wdiiniliil o tinned and I1( il, HI II ni(fli U'ttvini; iliad froiie tu talie tlieir coininanili r N lliv full triuni|ili [ity were now iii- iie conUI eon(|ii>r s, and inareliiiiL' ■ traversed tluiM- (■tin;; with o|i|«i- \asto. Nor dill Itlie vast pliiin (it il" l.neeru, a verj [litre of tlie plain. Hje to one (it the lis lie priseiitnl [vimt was passinc- I' I lie (.riiveiii- isiirely rduniiil on, loaiN (I witli •jiieli nnrlinikid II wed Ills lea;;iic , aiiilen('(iura|.'(il lleiiilid Biieeessc". I (liL'iiilied tliiin iiiited up Willi lliirtli, liiit one n( I IniH Uin I'erlili) treijin llie praml lliere lie (ilitnini'ii j-niy uilli wliiili III (lie I'seocelil. lull Seiarrn liail lieidiir ot'wiiiiiii, 1; and lie indiieid ftespolidiliK » illii ■did not even (In lot' tlie iniwer 111 (K-rsuaile tliciil I'V iinil iirnis. lliii|Hirttinee ami IriirioiiH eliiini'i' ' \iniliiti\e til 1 ev, tlint niarki'il Li'tii in Iliily III MARCO sriARRA. 9:] 'I'lie ijranil diike ot'T'iseiiiiy, entertaining the most re. viiiiteliil li'ilinirn n(,'aiiist lii» reUI sniijeet, made il a iiiainr 111' iinh'i'"'y i'"! deirradinit supplication to the viiir tiaiis that they would not only dismiss t'roni their ►rrviee, lint •'''i**' ""'■ '■■'"" ''"''■' "'»'"■"• .'Mi'onso I'ieeolo- iiinii. I'lil riecoloniini, it was replied, 'vas a iii'-.;i o! talent, and as u soldier they weri! well Bii<;.,ried with liis Kcrvices. Mario Seiiirra, the Alirnzzese (he did not hltisli to l,ri,|»Ma liri^jniidl) wastlie better iiian orthe twotoenrry ,111 till ir wars ii(;,iiiist the I'seoeehi, rejoined the diikc, ulinillilall he eonid to make Iheni siibslitnti' him li>r I'liiiiliiinini. The Venetians, however, turned n deal' ,.^,r 111 these representations, niiil the Tiiseun ri liicee ,'iiiilil (Illy the wrath ol' his sovereiicn as loiiir as he en- .iniil (liiir protection. Hilt in an evil hour I'iccolomini riiiinnil a haiiiihlv, if not an insiilliii}: niiswir to the Capi. or heads ol' that niysterions, s,in(;iiinary (.'ovcrn- iinnl. 'I'he senators of \eiiice were uhiiost as vindictive uf ihc diikc of Tuscany ; they (lisiiiis.se(l him from their HTxii'c, and ilrovii him out of their states — when he li II imIo the snares laid liir him by his own sovereign, who Mill liiiii to H viok^il death. 'I'lie olifiarehy of Venice then tliniight of Sciurrn, nnd Kilt tu invite him to their »crvi(-e. He was to prose(-ulc (he war aKainst the Hscocchi. Hut Siiarra, for Ihc iirisi III, turned ns deaf an car to their proimsals as they had at tiisl done to that of the i;ran(l duke's, and reinaincd will re he was — the bird of Ilie .\brii/./.i. lie was not loiiL', lioHcvcr, in tindin^ that in tlii' death of I'iccoloinini, wlm had so materially assisteil him, he had sustained a SIM re loss, and Seiarra's liirtmics were still more over- insl will II l'(i|)o Sixtiisdicd and was siiceeedcd by u iHtlcr iir inure a( live |K)iititr, ( 'lenient VIII. 'I'he new |H)| uhari il all the licliiiirs of the viceroy of Naples, as I'ar as 11 yarded the baiiditli, whom he dcliriiiincd to extir- |ia|r ill Ins stales. To this end he despatched tiianfran- iiMii Alil.ilirandini ayaiiist llicni, Willi u iicmiainnl niinMiissiiiii. Ilv a siiiiiiltaneous inovcinent n birirc body of the viicniv's troops entered the Abru7.7.i. The coiniiiaiiil of till-, willi absoliile |«)wer, Has (riven lo Don Adriano Aei|iia\i\a, count of ( 'onversano, a nobleman of eonrayc anil MTV aihiiirablc priidcnec. 'I'he first tliiiid he at- li'inpli'il, and wilhiiill which little indeed eoiihl Iw done in llial wild eoimlry of mountains and forests, was to ciini ill lie the iilVections of the peasantry, who had liecii Ml iii-ailled and oppressed by nil his .stupid preilce( ssors Ml iillice, and the soldiery, that they could not hut wish wi II lo their enemies, the robbers. 'I'he count, ihere- r.iri, alislaiiied from (piiirterinir his troops in the villaircs; ill' jinilaled tl iiihiet of Scinrra, and made tlieiii pay I'lir wlialcMr llicy consiiincd; he liuleneil to the com- |iliiiilH of Ihc iijiLirievcd, and at list he so v'aincil on the . aifri linns and liclter principles of the pensants, that they (iinspiri il with him liir the i xtcriniii.ilioii o',' the V( ry lianililli whom tlicy had no oI'Icii }:iiiileil and concealed. Willi llieiii, as i;uiilc.s, the soldiery had now a key lo the iiu>l( lies and rcc('s.scN of Ihc inininlaiiis and tiircsts, 'I'liiis deprived of the prolectionof I'ieeolomiiii, pressed liv .\lillaeiion, ciirres{Min(l('d Willi their titrmcr coniradcs iil Imnii'. .Marco's vlnrv could not Ih' forKottcii I The soul "lllnir body was at Venice — ivery thiinf id' im|Kirtnnec Willi fuiiieiited by him, nnd he freipiently cmploycil his ' liaves of iibHenee" ill \ islliiiK them, and leadini; llii in. think so himself, when, landiii); one day in the ninrehes of .\neona, belwii n the iiioiintains of the .Miruz/i and thai town, where (he pope's eoiiiinissary .Miloliraiiilini still riinaiiied, he was met by a certain llatliiiii llo, to will"!;, IIS to nil (lid liillnwer, his heart warmed— with |H'ii arms he rushed to enibraee him — and received a traitor's t\:if:i;ir in that heart. Ilattimello had sold himself to Aldobrandinl, and re- ceived liir himself and thirticii of his t'riciids, a free pardon from the I'npal (;(iverniiieiit tlir his treachery. Kor some years after (he death of .Marco Seiarra, tin re was n pniisc in his proUssii n, whose spirit hnil expired with liiiii. Other times brought oilier robbers, but his fame has scnrei ly ever Imcii eipialled — ik ver surpassed. Till". DHllJA.NDS (II' ( AI.AliRIA. Such was the iiidi.mltalile spirit of llic( alabrian", lli.il when kill},' .Miirat was at the exiri iiiily of their peniii. siila with a liiriniilnblc l''i'( neb and .Neapnhtan army, with which he was to bent the l')ii|;lisli anil take Sicily, they a(;aiii revolted and rose in his rear, liis eoiiiniiml- eatioii with the capital was eoiitiniinlly inti reepted, nnd he was obll^icd to detach several battalions I'roiii his camp to proceed n^ainst the liri;;aii(ls, nnd keep the roads o|Kii. The author of the lii tiers upon Calabria, a rreiich ollicer, as one who had experii nee in these matters, was ordered lo march back, and lie tinned his eyes with deep rej;rel troiii that islniiil of Sicily, of which the I'reiii h iiiaih' so sure, but which liny wire never to ijet 1 When hearri\c(l in Ihcdistriil of Cn^trovillnri, wlileli is sitiial- eil nt the enlrnnce into Calabria from the side of the capital, he tiiiind the whole country in the hands of the brii;aiiils, or iiisiirt;ciits. The iiihabitanls of the villages borderinj; on the mountain of Canipolcm.'^e intern ptnl all coniniiinie.itioiis, and phniilered all the money liir- warded to Ihc eaiiip, mill ss it was prolielid liv a \eiy powerful escort. < )iir author's baltnlion si I nliniil occii- [lyiiii; the iiKMiiitaiii p:i.--ses with iiiliiiii lied posts. Tl service presented );reat diHiciillies in coiiseipiiiiee of the nature of their |iosilions, nnd the eharniirr of the iiilia- liitanls, which was still inore wild nnd li r(i(-ioiis llinii in till- otlii-r parts of Calabrii ; and, inori-over, the |-'ri nrli were not nt all iiiipiainlKl with this part of (he pi-niii- siil.-i. The tirsi place they halted nt was .Marmano. Mere .ill scciiK-d (|iiii t ; but at iiinlil three soldiers liaviii;,' jxone out I'loin a ehureli where they were ipiartcn-d, were at once piiniarded. Tlii- syndic, or prineipnl maiii.strnte, and six other liadiii;; ehnrnelers, were arristed, and be- cause they could not, or would not (liseoV( r the nss.issiiis, were iletaineil as prisoni rs. I.eavin;; biliiml a body of troo|is in a convent as a point of ri Iri-nl in case of iieid, the niillior of the l,i llrrs anil the list of the I'n ni-li sit liirward lo scour the iiiMiryiiit villairi s. They traversed some fri;.'lilfnl luounlains and yawninj; t;nr>;i-s. Tln- conlinnal drend of nmbiisende made tin ir mnreli verv slow. 'I'he old, the sick, and helpless alone were linnid III the misi rnlile villages throiiijli uliich llii y p.issed ; all the rest lb d at their approach. It was necessary lo know wliere these were assembliii;; ; and to this ciiil Ihc iiilTanced /.ninril seized two li roeioiis IiHikin;' Ik iiijjs i ni- pliiyeil ill tending; Hocks, r(-iil savajics, whose mountain jariron II was nlniosl iiiipossiblc to i-onipr( liciiil. .'\l>er threalcninir these fellows willi ilcalli, the Kreiich Kin. Iriveil 111 liiirii from llieiii t!,at n (riitlicriii}.' of sevrrnl thousnnd men wailed their approach in a dchli' wliii h tlnv niiist iieci ssarily pas-. The I'n iieli nihaiiecd with rapidity, and by ninkini; n ili tour, liirciiit; their way tliroii|;h alinosl iiii|H'rviiiiis woods, they ennie, iinexpi li- ed, on II miillitiide of peisiiits who wer(- IviiiL' on the ifround, nmst of tliiin fast asleep, and nil withoiil order or prepnralioii tlir deli nee. .\ volley set llieiii to llit'lil, killini; and woiiniliii!,', lioiMver, some of them. The rreiieh pinsiicd lln iii at llie bayoiu-t's point lo n deep dell, at the exlremity of which staiiilH tin- \illat.'e of ()r- soiiiarzo, "It Hoiilil Im' cvlremely diHiciiII," says the nutlinr of the 111 Iters, wliiiiu I leave to iiarrnle (his Inst and most ilesperati- of his nilveiiliires in Cnlaliria, " lo iiiee( with any situation more siililimi Iv tcrritii ver have thiiiii;lil ot* tixiii!^ their alinde in such a plai-c* I'Ik- path which lollows tin- ( (iirsc of (his torn nt is cut tlirou<;li (111- ruck ; ami it is imjiossil'lc to i nt;a(;e in any inlliel Ihere with safely, unless the hi i(.i|it> nre ( ntirely inimnndi (I at the sanii tiiiie. .Mli r haviiit; |,>iiar(l((l the principal intrance of ibis savafje n treat, by a d( tncli- iiicnl placed on (he (op of (lie only mi.tiiilaiii oil uhieti a Isidy of troops could be slalioiieil, but wlneli. uniirlii- iiad'ly, w s rndii r too I'ar dislaiil, we went down the i^iilf, to ( >rsoiiiar-/.o, to look tiir |irovi-ions, never oiii-c int.-1'..rttiinir dial the peasants, wlioiii \\r li.iil so lat( ly roiili (I, would \enlnri lo show- llieniM Ives iii;niii, diirini; 111, il (lay. We liiiiiid the \illa;;c ipiilc drsi rli d : eurv tliini; in il indieatid the preeipil.itioii with wliiili lln- inliabilaiils had lied Iroii: llnir home-. The doom of the uri'.iler pari of the liabilatioii- Here h iile opi ii, and He found in tin lioii-i s provi-ions of ('V( ry kind. \\ lull- we Hi'i-e cmployi il in colli i tin;; n 'lii K, .. hi( li -boiilil M rve IIS liir SIM ral days, we hi aid some -liot-t tired, and at the same instant the surrounding moiiiilains were (ie( iipii d by a iniilliliiile of arniid nun. The ilr- ta(-hiiii III slalioniil nt the cnlranec of IIk d( file li.'iil just Ill-en nitaeked, and obli^'i d to abntidon its position, niter liaviii;; II y iiien killid and woiiiided ; at the moiinnl H'c were ndvanein;.' lo its asi-islaiicc, il Has iilihj.'i d to turn tow, irds the villa(,i(- Hilh the iilmost pn cipitatioii. The |ieasan|s, who were in (-los(- pursuit. Ii.iil nearly es- tablished IJiemsiKi s bctiirc us, so a-< to i ul otV all i -('n|H* from Ibis eiit-throal abyss, H here He wi re all noH i roH d- 1 (I toiicthi r Hillioiit any hope (ifbiin;; able to (ip( n a passaije on that side. The ili t.-icbmi nt llieii hastened to 'he oilier iiiillel, where il was ii'( livcd with a slioHcr of sloiii s, and ( iioriiioiis pii lis of mcl; hurled down from the lop of till' nioiinlaln. The latli r erii-hi il In liire inv lyi-s tHo >appi'rs and a drumiiii r. Si i ini; iImI we could not encounttr our murderous assailants in this p;t-sa;5e, Hilhoiit the ri-k of iitler deslriielioii, we came lo the ri soliitiuii of bazardiii;.' I \ery Ihiiii; else to p sine f.ur- 'm'Ivis from lo dreadliil a siliialion. Halls wire slioHi-r- ed ii|mii us on all side-, and lie- pii rein;; screams of no. nil II Niiiiiidcd horribly in our e::rs — senains wliiili ,-tp. ri il to ns thoM of tin- riiries inipalienlly Haitiii;; the 111 least e, and Ul y of despair. The IIiIh upon our bli ml. • rii-Iii d low arils rill li;:hl (oiii- torrcMl iiiider a slmwi r oI'IkiIIs, 'liiiilM d up the sli cp side of ii inecssant tire cit' the liri::,'UidK iss; nnd at b ii"tli IIksc brave I m (if yore, in the more lia-/.ariliius ofti K ir enterprises He had now been heard of ho loii|r — his deeds had to ilesiierale bill Hiieecss(iil, he had eHca|ie(l no niiiny rs, that iHiopleconcliiiled he must Im ar "n charmed llm loiiir iiiipmiity iiiiKlit iihuost liuvo mudu him 1 inoiecnt when they were drimimers beat Ihc ( liai^ liilal spot with the cm ru pany havinij eross( d lln nilli exlicmc dillieiilly ' niounlain, win nee the eaiisid us eoiisiilerabl- b men siiceeedcd in opening; a passa;;c liir us, Hliicli iio- lliiiii; but the most despi-rate in ccssitv cdiild render prac- licable. The moniciil we ^'aiiii (I tin liiiijhis, our sol. lii rs, 'ibsoliili ly furious, rii-ln d nOi r tin ( al,iliri,iiis H illi all Hie inipetiiosily of rani'. 'I'jic tircip r part of them scaped, but a iiiiini rolls ;rroiip assi mbli d on Ihc pninl if a rock were iiiassacri d on the spot, or perisbidhv IliiiLMiii; IlieinscKcs down the prei ipiec!i. This iinfortn- iinlc check has cost us upnards of sixt\- nun; and, moreoM-r, iiiiiny ot' us have wounds and eoiiliisions, and balls llint nil- not yi I evtraetid. We marched dmni!; a part of the tiii;ht on our return to the convent nt Mor- maiio, beliire tin se piasaiils illie most ditermiiKd otany H-e had yet ( neouiilered in Calabria eoiild bale Itiiir (o inleri-i pt us. \\ I- ciiti red the town to the Ik at of drum." The I'n iieli always iiiaki- the best of tin ir ri xerscs, and IK ver ackiiowli ilt'c a difeal j but here, a(-( online to the otrieer's own fliowin;.', they were soiinilly In nli n ; and if credit is to be^iveii to some people of the ('(iiintrv I have heard s|K'nk on the subject, the atliiir at (trsiniinr. /owns still more s(rious than In has n pr('s( iili d il. This Has slioHii, inili 111, by tin ( Ili el prialiici d. The ill-urn elioii -priail. ami the comniaiiik r of tin hatlaliuli wa- obliHi il to 111 ir liir riiiifori-i'iiiciits. Hill shortlv alii r tlii-. Mural, ictiirnin^' liiinibled fniiii his vain-clorioiis, llitilc nllcmpi on .*iii ily, li,i\inj,i- emliark. 1(1 III the litlle port of ri//o,» to en cp iiloni; slion- tii- Hiirils Naples, was dri\eii by the Hrili-li i riilsi rs imib-r the liatlery if Cirella, hIucIi place, only n ti-w day- lie- forc, had bei-ii attacked and iiearh lal.i n by the Caln- tliaii till III cxlrnordiniiry lies eniriilphi-d. Siir- rouiuled on all sides by iriLraiitie iiiounlaiiis, terininatiii<.' in eonieal points, il seems, as it were, placid nl the hot. »• spot when' this vilbu'i toiii of a vast w( II. 'I'he disci nt is by 11 steep lliulil of klll;ia steps, liillowiiii; the windiiiKs of n torniit, which riishi down with n loud roariiii;, and tiiriui uraiid eascades. This torn-nt runs tlinniifh the Nillauc, Hheiice, lindinii vent ill the luirniw eleO of ii rock, it tirtiliscn a line well cultivated country, which presents n most strikin;; coiitrust Willi the horror liuipind by this hideous abyss. Il (ipiicarn iiicuiai ivulilc liow uiiy liiuiiaii Uin>r« could lihilii'''D'V'ii|iiii if tl Here he eonimiiiiii, lied with the loniiiMindaiit IC station, our nuthoi's sii|M'ri(ir nHic( r, nnd avm}r praised tin' i-nnduet of his tnsips, sniit that, aMcr llircc Il Has al lids iilnrr Hint .Inmlilni Mural was Inki n iiinl slml H III II III- liiailc III- iiillil tilli iiipl III ri ua iil'iliini. \ I \ ( r H « tii.iilni HI i'i|tiiil lo Ills Inn. iiil' hi I iiliilni.'i. h liiie. el all |iiiil'> nl llii I'll mil Hll- liin>l llliiiMllulllv lli'llhli'il. I nnr II lliiH 1 111' liail lli'i II llir liilOi si nt 111! Iiravc, ,11111,11,1 Hltlinillnv l-.lllll anil .'iniinlile ipialtlii'i< III II 111 III ml nil Mini tl I- ill mil ni it iln lie niel »l|li In llie lililiv i niinvinl nl llie ciinl n! l'l,»n » lii'ii , null' llinrt' lllllii II li'lll lllli I till' . I shHill nil III!' «|sil Hill ri' till till. It Hiii« 111 liM luiMii^ pii'siikil ovir iliu loiil extiiiiliiii III lln f' "' '•'•l.yi ,' ■' n t ■ -i .j ';{|i V». Cj . .liii! fA ! I'll ;rp H \r 94 MVFil OP BANDITTI ANI> ROnncitR. % .Xr, r I' '* " ■: ■ ; ' i'Kv I'* I' it: I V.1, ' 1 I n yi'iira' Imril atTvite in such a country on Culubriu, it wok ni|;l> (>■■•(' tlicy hIkuiIiI clianKC quurlcri*. lie nindu a cliii- ractrristic ririiiark on tliu uiilbrtunatu buiiiiiciw of Uriio- niurzo, — " Why ilid ynii go down into that cut-throat place .' — iluwcrrr, you cunic up ajrain like brave t'el- lows!" nnd then, ax 80on a» tliu Ungliiili trij^utCH let him, lie continued biit voya|;u along 8hore. 'I'he autlior of the Letters and his eunirudcH Bonn went alter Murut, follow- ing the movement of the army which returned to Naples by land ; and he expresses his natural delight to lie at last released from a wretched exile, and from a 8|ieeics of warfare which oft'ered neither glury nor promotion, and lel\ nothing in tlie end save ilisustroiut chances. On turning his liack on the mountains and brigands nf ( 'ulabria, of which, it must lie eunfessed, he has given IIS wiine interesting details, he informs us of tlio French plans for future prucrcdiiigs there. " Kxtrjordinary niea- ■ures of s«:verily are now to be resorted to — measures unfurtimately rendered necessary by the deplorable situa- tion of the eoiiiUry, but the execution of which will al- ways lie repiigiuint to Frenchinen. It has been clearly proved, that, iiolwithstanding all our courage, activity, and |M!rst'veraiicc, still we contend witli great disad- vantage against men born in the country, lightly armed, supiHirted by a part of the jiopulation, and accustomed from their infancy to shoot with a deadly aim. 'I'hese considerations have induced the government to resolve U|M)n adopting a new system, according to which tlie troops are only to be employed in coiii|ielling the inhabi- tants to extir|iate the brigands of themselves, under |tc- ualty of being regarded as their accomplices and abet- tors. For this pur|iosc,ten thousand men arc to be spread over the two provinces," iVc. And this new syst4.>iii was, indeed, soon set at work, and these extraordinary nieasures of severity soon de- luged Calabria anew with blood. In tlic French lienerul IVIanheti, Joachim .Murut found the very man to HU|ierin- teii'l or direct tJH'se m,i«saeres en mtitif, and tlie C'ala- brians the most ruthless enemy that had ever liecn Ivt Ioom; ii|ion them. I have heard stories in the country that would make humanity sliiidder — for the sake of that officer, flic is still living,) I hi)|K! these were untrue or immensely exaggerated. Yet it remains undisputed, and lias even licen admitted by those who served under him or with him, that .Mimlies was a cruel, pitiless man to the Calabrians, the |M'(iple of the Abriizzi, &c. and acted up lu a sysleiii of blood without once relenting. No nurcy was ever exieiuled to the outlaws who lell into his hands. Villages, wlioli' towns, through which the inhabitanis had allowed the brigands a |iassage, felt his tre- iiiendou.s veiigeajice. Any |M'asaiit, without distinetion of sex or age, who was found going out (o lalwtir in the country, with more than u small llask of wine and a morsel of bre.id, calculali'd to be just sufficient to sii|>- |Kirl lile for one d-iy, was taken and shot ; for .Manlies, having made pretty sure of the towns and villages, whence the brigands could no longer supply themselves, thought, if he could prevent the |M^usan(ry from smuggling out provisions to tln-m, that they must either surrender tluMii- Helvcs,ordieof want in the mountain fastnesses to which he had driven them. If an honest man concealed, or cor- res|K>iided willi, or aided the esca|H; of an outlaw — no matter, were it Ids own father, or son, or brother, he was forthwith executed. On one occasion, when a condeinned brigand hud esca|ied from the capi-lla, or chafirl, where it is usual to place criminals the night lielbre their exccii- tiou, he shot the priest who had Is'en with him, alleging that he must have aided the rohls-r in his High!. Uy iiniisiial severity like this, Manlies boasted he put down brigandism in Calabria. The boast was [lartly liiac'e out by fact. THK VAIJDAKKI.Iil. Tlircc brothers of this very reR|ieetable name enjoyed ■ higher and a longer cclebiity than any, even of the I'llaiirian banditti, and may, |H'rhaps, Ihi entitled to the rank of the first brigands in modern times, of Naples — i. c of Kuro|M'. Ilitlicrto their deeds have not met witli regular histo- rians ; but the following an! among the stories regarding thcni, which I picked up in Ihi^ country. 'I'hey may Ix' roMsidered as eontcmimrnry records, tor when I collected them, llie brigand brothers were alive, and pursuing their vooatinn with ndinirable activity. The Vardarelli were of the superior class of iwasantrv — Snnd catholics, nnii faithful siibjeets of his Majesty t'et- inanil IV, — at leost, so they styled tlieyiselves, when, during the French occupation nf the kingdom, irritated, some ssy, by Ihr oppression of the fnreigntrs, they took (o the mad, and levied contribulioiit, allrr th« mannir of their loyal coimtryincn in t'alabriu. They did not, it is true, confine their o|ieratioiis to the ilespoiliiig of the French and the officers of government — but then the mass of the Neapulitjin nation Ix'came iiit'ectcd with (-•allic principles, and untrue to the legitimate king — consequently amenable to tlie vengeance nf tlic Varda- relli, as long as they had any tiling to lose. The birtli place of tliese heroes was said to lie some- where in the mountains of the Abruzzi; but the s|iot where tliey first made thcmseUes known as public cha- racters, and which their exploits rendered famous tor so iiiaiiy years, was the valley of the Itridge of linvino— a long, narrow pass, through which runs the only road Irani Naples to tlie vast plains of Apulia, tlie province of liari, Lecce, iVc. I |iassed by the I'mitc di Ilovino early in the year IHKi, when tlic mere mention of iU< name caused tear and trembling. I have liceii there several times since ; the last time in Ih^ i, when the vigilance and severity of (iciicral del Carretto had di'Corated it with the heads and inangleil quarters of some half dozen of more modern, hut less conspicuous brigands. It always struck inc as being an admirable place for rubbers — a circumstance equally |ierccptible to tlic |icople of tlic country ; for though they have ct:ased since the days of tlic Vardarelli to form organized bands there, they have never failed de trms en trmt to lie in ambuscade,* and commit robberies. The pass is in geneial steep, and in some iioiiits very narrow ; a deep ravine, through which frotlis Olid roars a mountain stream in tlio winter sea- son, is on one side of the road — hills covered with trees or underwood lie on the other. In its whole length, which may be about liltcen miles, there are no habita- tions, save some curious caves cut in the face of tlie rock, a |>ost-liouse, and a most villanoiis-looking taverna, where, as I shall piesently show, I once passed a night — and that, too, when my head was full of Mrs. Itadeliffe, and banditti, and I quite new in the country. In sonic places the hill and the wo(hI, or cunci'aliiig thicket, is so close on the road on the one hand, and the ravine on the otIiiT, that it is really quiU! enticing. A shot from the one, and the man's business is done — and there yawns a dark, cu|iaeious grave, to receive his body when deprived of what it is worth. And then, as regards security, who would follow the ex|ierienced robber through the inoun. tain wood, or down tlie ravine, or be able to trace him to the hiding places and holes in the rocks that alsimid there / Across the mountains he has a wide range of savage country, witliout ruads — without a path : on the other side of tlic chasiii the localities are ei|iially favour- able ; here he can, if hard-pressed and long, throw him self into the im|K'iietrablc forests nf Mount (iargaiius, there into the not less remote and safe recesses of Alontc Voltur. Over tlic narrowest part of the valley, situated on the summit of a lotly aiifl abrupt mountain, frnwn the dark walls of the town of Itovino, like the castle of a H'udal chief — the more honoured roblx'r of earlier times. In this valley, then, the Vardarelli remainearte, these rob- bers were so Ibriiiidable, they so entirely comnianded tli< valley of Itovino, that rarely could a coin|Miiiy of travel- lers pass without U'ing stop|M'd; a government olliecr. a government mail, or the revenue from the provinces, never without a little army for an escort. And all these troops were at tliiics unable to afford protection, but were themselves Is-ati'ii otl', or slaughtered by the brigands. A journey to the caiiital from the Apulian provinces, was then to the |N'aeeliil inhabitants (always, U^ it said, rather timid travellers) an undertaking of solemn iiiijKirtunce and peril; Is'tbrc embarking on wliii'h, not only were ta|M'rs burned under every saint of the eiilendar, and every Madonna that could show a tmrtrait, but wills were made, and such ti'arful adieus, that one might have thought the Val di UoviiKi the real valley of death, or that the wayfarers were a forlorn 1io|H' going to storm a tbrtrcsB, whose walls were cannon-ball and gra|K'-sliot, with gunp'iwdi'r fur their cement and their base. Joseph lloiiajiarte once went through this |iuiis to visit the provinces of his kingdom, sitiiated lieyond them. An innienst! force went with him, yet tliu roUlK-rs were * 'I'hi' isiniiliiiiei lirrr liave n'wnv-i a ili'i.'»iihilirni,llinliilauelii (II run iiltiiiii a titiniliHl yiinls nlirnil puniIIImiis henr ttii-ni liaili, llii'V turn lls'lr Inirncs' Iii'kiIii and |inlli

noleoii chose to translir to Spain, was a man r.i more energy than Joseph, and with iiiKnilely less talni contrived to render his government more popninr, uiij indeed lietter than his iinmediati^ predecessor's. He m i to work vigorously against the mbbi'rs, whose party woi weakened as lii.i gained strength, and as the naliuii ui large gradually U-licved that the dnminion of the Freiiih was this time to be an enduring one, and liegun to fur-a old Ferdinand. The excursions of the robbers were clieelieil, or liiiiil, ed ; they could no longer range whole provinces, but at tlie Polite di liovino they were almost inexpugnable ; aiul such were the advantages of the position, and the tahnu of the leaders of the hand, that they continued to levy at. casional contributions, and to elude all the vigilance of tlu nuineroua getiB-d'arvierie and police scattered over tlir country. At times, when they liad not licen heard of li.r weeks — for ninnths — they would suddenly Intercept llir governnieiit proc»cfiu, or carry nlf a |>arty nf truvellrrj (known by Iheiii to Ih' |H'nple of substance,) to tlieii rt, cesses in the mountains, where they would ditaiii tlirm until ransomed. All event of the latter kind I had deserilsd to mc iit the not distant town of Foggia, by the Marehesa , :i native of the place, and one of the heroines of her uku tale. A marriage in the family was to take place — an im- |Hirtaiil marriage, which, it was detennliied, iVciin varic.m considerations, slinuld lie celebrated at the cupitiil. .U, cordingly,lrter due preparation, every thing was reailv lor deiNirture : — bride and bridegroom, fathers and inr, tilers, eniii/inirs and commaref, brothers and sisters, enii. sins of both genders, relations of all degrees, and friimlt — a fnrniidable caravan (numerically speaking) of ilsilf, set off one tine morning from Fnggia, with a vulnroiu escort of Nea|iolitan gens- cut. They went as tar as llie most convenii'iil spot III ,; roblicr'a attack, but no liirther; tor there tlic cries c. ,■ ■ ti.i Munssiiii," "/nrciii in Inni," were liraiiii the niounti ! gens-d'iUiiies turned their horses' heads, uinl gaMopiM'd oif, and in the next minute the whole liiiu ui carriages was surrounded by the briganils, with llirir long guns ill their hands, and their knives in their liclu. 'i'he general practice of thesi! robbers, when no iiinrc than iKTsonal s|Hiliation is cniitemplated, is to niuke tliiir patients lie down on the ground, and then, while one ail keep watch over them, with their guns doulde cnckcil and aimed at them, another set prisecd to rille tliciii. Hut now the sufferers were surrounded by a |H>iti(ii ol the robbers, and mari'hed up the hill's side into liii woods, where they waited until the "other gi'iillriiicn" hud unpacked the carriages, und brought up the valiin hies. They then all set otV together, and alter a niarrli, very fatigi^ing tn the Fnggia gentry — particularly to Iha jHinr ladies, tliey hailed at a large, low hiit, in the miiiiile of a thick wimhI. They were t'nrced into the hiit, wliitt they I'oimd a group of women and ehihiren, and n rii|.'ii< ill the dress of a Capiicliiii friar, playing ot cards uilli an old Is'ldam, There were two or three long Is-iichn in the hut, anil on thi'se, trembling and exhausted, tlia IHirty sut down. Their apprehensimis were of a vrrf iinrrid nature. They expected suinething wnrso tliin rohlH'ry und captivity ; iiir many nf the banditti bcfran to drink wine, and to hnnniir the Indies of the party willi their very particular ntlcntinn. My friend the Marclaia was a younger wnnniii then than when 1 hail tht honour of her aeqiinintonee ; the bride was \ery hanil' some, and more than on* of the bridw'i inoids werr, tl leaiil, young. Just, however, aa tin ir alarm was rcnili' ing its most rxniiisile point, a nnisc was hrard willioiil the hill, and to tlic suund* of Hon d'ai tnnn, Don l^'iio7i<>, I'l rtl luu iiieii, be of the robi Tlicy were '$., Iiuiiiaiic as| \ iatiirniant a) I for liiiiiself ^ " Vnu linv (die of the cl . (Ill' tiiitliful s .Marcliise ex lii'^gcd he III und eontiime " We kiioi " and that ilelaiii yon he anil returns w This, to sa |irns|KCt. Tl lliat the o)H.' pcrlbniicd iiiil aiicc of a sing aanlly of inuti ing a whole si iiut of the que iif ducats to |iros|«^ct lor suddenly he lie tliiiugh) he I'lu'sa thought linked, sonicth f III' threw his lo ti»k the lAIarcl u'as I raetano, i had Is'liavcd wi A tier a prop l,iins aside, am His clmpiencc ' rliicfs told the iniiflit continue tl) what had Is'i ihcy had alxjiit ninong the nihb «n it should bt The gciitlenien lost, Isgaii en Ihcriiwlves of I'v the eyes of the |ia.tood, ( •I'Yf at the I'onte 'file |Histilions a Iwlcd, after a littli I'l'i.v that, from tli In llirni by (Jaelaii iniirmy, and Iheii J^ilT'inra Marehesa «l I'lr as merrily l"»»rds Ariana. r>uring the reiiu (littined liiinself li ''aljliria, where Irii li'Mlic extirpation railing with great! "iiMsliinees. Man' I'liltlleir aelsoferi '■"nliniiPd lo Is' ihi ifsifia nig.ht and « '"'HI llin rarrivcra TIIR TARDARKLM. 95 : known ot' iLi.' ri'iiiiiiK'i U tlicii iniiiitiiiiiH cil' Ita. ; kill);, anil, iii4 ii<'<'!< jiiHt niiiij((l, Kniilish. 'I'liia xiTiitiim of kuili idv in till! aiiiiioint" This, to say the least of it, was a very uncomfortable iirosiiect. Tiic day was declining — it won impossible that the ojicrations reipiired by tlie robbers could be irrlbrincd until tho morrow, and there wan no appear- niice of a single bed ; the hut smoked, and smelt unplea- santly of mutton, fur the women had commenced rooHt ill)/ a whole sheep, wool and all ; in short, putting danger out of the question, and witliout calculating the number of ducats to be disbursed, it was a very uiiconifortablv pros|M'ct fur the Marchese. He was feeling all tliis, when suddenly he was struck by tliu bronzed visugo of a man ho tJiouglit he had seen before soincwhcrc. The Mar- cliosa thought so too, when told to look at him. As she looked, Boincthing libe a tear came to tlic fellow's eyes ; ho threw his long gun in a corner, and, crossing tlic room, took the Marclicsa's hand, and respectfully kissed it. It was *>aetaiio, once tlieir servant, a man to whom tliey had behaved witli great kindness, ^cars before, at Foggiu, AiVt a propiT recognition, tins robber took the ea|>. t.'ilii.s aside, and talked to them with great earnestness, His oliK)iiiiicc was eiTeetive. A minute or two after, tlie oliiofs told the Marchese tJiat he and his eoin|)aniuns iiiiifht continue their journey, uller leaving, in addition to what had lieen taken from the carriages, the property tliiy had almut them. There was a little uiurmuring ninong the robU'rs ; hut it was the will of tiie chiefs that •n it should be ! I'heir voices soon iin|io8ed silence. The irenllcmen and ladies, glad to be off instantly at any I'osI, Is-gau emptying their |H)ckct8, and miburdeiiiiig thoiiiselves of every thing, save essential clotliing, under till' eyes of the banditti, who contented tliemselves by |ia!isiiig their hands over their (lersons, to ftel if nothing u'oro eiineealcd — ^just as a custom-house olFtecr may do. 'I'ho young bride, however, witli all her fears, was very loiiaoious of a pretty pair of drop car-rings. An im- paliint, brutal rohU'r, stretched out his brawny hand, and pullod at them, until she shrieked with pain. Uii s<'eiiig i\m iiiilecoroiis deed, one of the chiefs, without saying a noril, raised the hiitt-end of his musket. It descended witli troiiiendnus force on tlic rullian's arm, which iii- slaiitly fell helplessly by his side. It seemed broken by Iho blow. The follow uttered a cry and a horrid oath, laid his nihrr band to the knife in his girdle ; but he merely liiioliod it, and slunk away to the farther end of the hut, t'c'olin>r, perhaps, how injudicious it would lie to atti'inpt nvoriiring himself on a eiiief, and in nucha place as that, wliiTo he was surrounded by men devoted tu him. Tiie travellers then descended the hill, in matter and ii|>iritii much lighter than they ascended it 'I'heir car- iiii|!OH were found where they had left them on tho road, iloiig which two or three |>casants alone were riding on asiK«, secure in their own |>overty, and indilTerent to tl|e wtiic of the empty earozze, and broken lioxes, and seat- tcrnl packing-eases, they had just (losscd, and perfectly will iiiiiler.-'tood, for such Ihings were common in tiiose ilivs at the I'onto Bovini. Tliu |Mistilions and drivers were for tlir mnst part col- IkIoiI, after a little delay ; the chief's ossurG^vwe com- imiy that, from the reputation of " hrava goMi^' given lo llioni by (taetano, lliey were safe for the rest of their loiinioy, and their return from Naples even ; and ^ii,'ii(>ra Marehcsa and spouse, bride, bridegroom, and all, •rl otf as merrily as could he ex|iected, up Llie fiass. Innards Arinna. During the remainder of the reign of Miirat, who was lii'ilinod hiinself lo ho put to dentil like a brigand in t'abhria, where Iris oftieers had eommilted such cruelties riirllie extirpation of liamlitti, this Imnd prosecuted their lalling with greater or less activity, according to cir- iiiiinlanoes. Many were the rohlM'rhs they eomniilted, Iml tlioir nets of cruelty were few. Tliiir favourite prize riirilimii'd to Ik- the imirarcio, a kind of wagon, which iwfN night and day to Iho capital, with remitlnnrei iii'ni llin rarrivcrs of Iho dilTrrcnt prorincei ; it also carries merchandise, goods, (larcels, ami even |iassengers, and is generally escorted by an armed force. " A fainiiiis captain of iMiiditti," says K. Craven in his Tour, " who, during the latter |iart of the occii|>atioii of the kingdom of Murat, had suecessivcly gnined jxissi'ssion of the contents of liiurlecn of these procacei, is said lo have brought them all to tlie legitimate Sovereign (Fer- dinand,) on his restoration, and tu have obtained liis |Ntrdoii in consei|Ucnee." The same gentleman gives the following amusing incidents, " Some years back, a gang, or, as it is called in tlie language of the country-, a comitiva, o( robbem, having seized tile ptacuccio going from Naples to the priiici|ial town in the province of Uanilicata, with all the para- phernalia ap|iertainiiig to the court of justice, newly esta- blished there, thought it a very excellent joke to put on tlic judges' robes and wigs, and go tlirough the mock ceremony of a trial; tlic Judicial forms of which most of them were but too well acquainted with. This self, elected trihanal pronounced scnteiM o of death on tlic very first traveller who might fall u their hands; and the day did not |>as8 witiiout an op|Kirtunity of carrying it into execution." " At Orsara, a small village between Dovinoand Troja, tlic usual amusement of the boys on a feast-day is to divide tliemselves into two liands, one of which guards a little wooden cart, filled with rubbish, representing Uie prncaccio, while tho otlicr [wrforms the more glorious part of tlie comitiva, which attacks it, and which, it is needless to add, always gains the victory." Uring up a child in tlic way he should go, Slc. When tlic im|>ortant revolutions in Euro|>e of 18H and 1HI5 proved again the dieliim of Arioelo, that tlie lily of France is destined never to to take root in Italy, and Mnrat was hurled from his throne, tlie Vardurelli, as faitliful subjects of his restored majesty Ferdinand, are said to have imitated the example ot sundry of their co.laboraleurs, and to have proposed renouncing tlieir calling on conditions. Uut it is also said that the con- ditions were not agreed to by tlic government ; and tlie notorious fact is, lliat even when llierc were no more Frenclmien in the kingdom, the robbers of the I'onte di liovino continued their depredations, |iayiiig no more res|MH:t to tlio revenue of Ferdinand, tlian tliey had done to Joachim's. The first time I went tlirough the valley of Dovino, was in the year 1816, not nine months aftjer the happy restoration alluded to, and the Vnrdarclli were then in high feature, (iod knows I heard enough of them from my f'ellow-travi Hers long iM^fore I approached the spot; and for my further edification, when, crawling over the Apulian plain, which I thought was to have no end, we eanie in sight of the high mounfains and the town of liovino, and the dark looking gap iM'iieatli it, they rein, pitulated every horror. It wiui evening when we reached the post house by the famiius bridge ut tlie mouth ol the valley. Here four miserable looking gens d'armes d pird, with their earbiiies Nlung over their shoulders, gut up in front of our still more miserable looking vettura, lor our protection. I could not help thinking tliat our |ioverty was our best protection, as related to such a respectable iKuid as the Vardarelli. The living part of the cargo consisted of a fat mendicant friar, a studi'nt, an old Greek woman from Corfu, who seemed to he the grand, motlicr of all the Gniik priests in the city of Lecce, where I had embarked with her ; a pretty unrsano, who was going to see a brother at Naples, who had been pro- moted to the rank of sergeant in the royal guards ; my s«-ll', and a run-a-wny Knglish sailor I had picked up starving at Uarletta, and was carrying on lo the capital. (If one tiling 1 was quite sure — that the soldiers, in case the rnbliers euiidescended to assault us, would lie the first to run away, and I would aliout as soon liave given my llirec carlins to the rohb<:rs as to tho gens d'armes, which I was obliged to do nt the end of their ride. My coiii|ianions, however, were sorely afraid. The wild scene, and the time, and their whisiM^riiig voices, (for the uiM^n.iiioutlied sonorous tones of the south had ilrnp|x-il into a general whispiT as wc went up the gloomy vaHey), did at last atroct me, and I was glad when wc reneheil our station liir the night, the solitary tnvernn, tliough a more desolate, eut.throiit looking place, can hardly U' conceived. The Kev. T. S. Hughes, one of llie few ICnglish tra- vellers that have gone Ihrough the valley of Ileniiiiies, called the Polite di liovino, a large eiirps of brigunils, oonoealed iM'hind the rix'ks, had fired a viilhy u|hiii tho carriage, killed the hnrres anil postilion, burnod all the lotlers, taken out an iiiifnrlunnle ofFiixT, whom they shot on the siMit, and carried away n still more imtiirtunato foinnlc In tlieir haunts in tiic mountains. Traces of tiiis out- rage presented themselves to anioiis amused us during Ihu journey; but at the fiital |>ass their ria-son Momed ulmiist overcome by their fears, which wiTc not a little inoreiibed by a terrific thunder storm, whose oehiies vvcio finely reverlM'ratrd among the rix-ks and valleys. Wu stayed at the |>ost-lioiise two hours liefore the storm abntid, and when we arrived at the s|Hit where the late utUiek had been made, we observed one of the horses lying hy the road side, and ils flesh already half stripisd from thu cnrcass by birds of prey. As for the banililli, we saw none of thein, except a few wretches bound witli curds, in custody of the (leasants, who, after this last outrage, had colleeled togelhcr in large bodies, headed by tlieir priests, dispersed tlic villains from tlieir IiuuiiIk, and rescued the captive lady, much to the credit of Italian gallantry." It was about a year ofter this that I was wandering in the same country, but in a dilTcrent manner, for 1 had had enough of vetturini and their |iassengers. 1 had come on horseback from Lecee to liari with the onirier or (lost carrier, travelling the whole of one dark cold night and one day without stopping, except to change horses, and take a hurried morsel of footl. This hasty way of proceeding would not suit for the rest of the country I wished to traversi', which was very iiileresling, and which I had never yet cvamiiicd. S> at liari 1 de- lerinined to lure horses by the day, and from place to place, taking a man with the second horse with me, In return the liea.its, and lo net as my guide. I riMh- in oiio short delightliil day from liari lo liarlelln. Ilore again my ears wero filloij with tales of my old I'rieiuls the Var- darelli, who had U'coine naughtier than ever. Several (lenple |H'rsuadeil me not lo coiilimie my jiiiirney as I was doing, tor I was now approaching their range of country, and I had some dilticulty in hiring a man and horses The ne.\t day, however, I struck ovir the plain [>>' Apulia, visited the site of ancient Caiino-, and arrived in the afternoon at the town of Canosa, just in lime to si'c a fight lu'twecn some Carlmnari and Cnlilarari, in which two men of the place were nearly killed, and one killed outright. What with factions niid robUis this part of the kingdom of Naples was then in a pntly slate ! I made Ciinotw my head.ipinrtcrs for more tlian a week, exploring the country thence every day, and re- turning to sleep at night. Whilst staying here, the fol- lowing news was received one morning, and iliseoncerted a coursing match I had engaged in with some gentle- men of the town, A Major , a Swiss officer of talent and well- known couragi; in the service of King Ferdinand, had iH'en sent down to Uarletta witli a force of light liorso and light infiintry, tu keep the robbers in check, and if (Missihle lo dostroy them. In consnpieuie of some cun- cerlcd plan, or of some hints given him, he marched from Darletta to Cerignola, a small town on the opimsite sidu of the wild plain, a day or two after I quilted the former place. Lying quiet and ptritu at Cerignola, he had re- ceived information in the night of the day liefore Iha news reached us at Canosa, that the Vardarelli had ad- vanced again into the o)h-ii country, and had taken |ios- sessiiin of u matitrin, or farm house, not fur of]', Hii inslanlly put his men in motion, hut it was daylight be- fore he reached the mosserin. The robbers were on th« alert ; they had not, however, time to saddle and mount Is-fore tlie place was surrounded by the troops, who might hi: about ten limes llieir iiumhi-r. Major thought he had them in a trap, and sent forward a non-eommis- sioneil oiKiH'r to siinimnn them lo surrender. Th« answer of the Vardarelli was pronouiiceil by a niuskel, which wounded the soldier, and sent him groaning lo the rear. The Swiss then dcleriniiied lo storm the inu- seria, hut the walls that surrnimiled it wen; high and strong, he had no arlilleiy, and when his men approached the heavy enlranee gale, the robbers within fired at them through loo|i-lioleii, resting their long guns in the lillls cmhrasiires, with so deadly nn aim, that Iwu were lef\ dead, three or tiiur wnmided ; the rest rnii Imek as fust is their legs could carry them. I'he bold Swiss then rn- courogrd his troops as best ha could, and headed a nuiii- ', HA* m . I'I*! ^'^ m 5 3-,;- ^"i \r nrt I.IVIH <>P HANDITTI AND ROimRIt*;. *•■•;, ;.f* 7 ..-l her <>r llit-iii in n Irrvft :itt:ii*k (ni t)i«- {|atc ; Ixit liin mm i were Nr.-itiotitiiiiM, the iTi'iMtcr jtart ot'tliriii »*liitik U'hincl. unil hi- liiiiiM-lt' was fixtn tiirird to liill Itack out ut' tilt ridilx'r's riiMi;!^ iillitc' willi u uniiiiil in tlic lianil, W'liilf storming Ironi tlir |>iiin lie sutVcrctl, tnid at tlit ptisillainniitv '>!' tlif>>'' lie funnnandcd, to iiis no snnill HUrjtrisc Alftjor ^ saw tin' (fair n tew niiiniti.-'. at'lrr tliroi' II ci|Mii, anil tlir roliUrs isMir liirlli well inoiintiil mill aniii'il, Alnionl Ih lore In' lonlil i,'>^'<' ('"' "oril iil (oininaiKl to loiii intrali', thr Vard.irilli ilasluil tliroiit'l llir liiir of III!' Ik li MLMiiri r.-, wlio iiiaili' Way liir lliriii, iiiiil i;ullo|M>it aiToss till- plain. Ili- |iiit liis cavalry in niolion allcr tliriii ; but tin- inrii, |irotrstiii!r lliat tlirir liorsi's wrrc no niatrli lor llii' I'ri-sli onr!< of tin- roliln is, Hoiin ilri-w rriii. Tin- \ aiilan Hi llu-ii lialtril, ami li, lalinly Irollril nil' lowunls tin- inoiinlaiiis. Tins I vi-nt natiiratlv iiiailr n jjrpat iioiw* '* iiII nvi-r llif riiiintry," ami as in |iriis(-rntioii ol' my jiinrnry I hail tn (JO lliriiiii.'li till- valli-y ol' IIomiio a;;aiii, or Into Ihc M-ry ul my < oiir.i(;r in loo |iromiiirnt a lij;hl, pn-lly coiilidrnt that tlii' Vardarrlli would not iiolic-.' ii wliinisi- cul travrllir with nolliiii!; hiil a litllr porlmaiilraii and a aki'ti-li-liook at his hn-k, .iiid a liw ducats in his |h» kcl. (As lor the sti'id-i I pnicuiid, two sinli wn-lchnl hacks were never seen sinei- Mnlin^broke inoiiiUeil Kiiiij l£i. chard.) .Not to In loo risil-hardy, however, as my I'rii lids Ihittered me by sayiiii.' I looki il (rii/i/xi ilntlinln (bio dis- tiniriiishid a |H-r-iiiiaL'e) ms I was, I procured a rouj;li hrowii peasant's cloak, wliieii I wore over my I'aiijlir-h was very f-oinp|i le. .My o-,Mi niMlhir would h.irdly have known nil-, and as | rode dnwii Ihe hill on winch ( 'aiinsa Mauds, I ncirly liimhli il "ver my hiprsc's ears, liy laiiirh- iiiir at the lii;iiri I was i iilliiiii. 'J'lul iM iiiiii: I slopiH'd at t'aslelliiceio, a lillle vill.ifc very near Ihe I'onle di Hoviiio, with a npiitalion little miperior to ll.ivino ilsi H'. As I rode into the villa)."- al'- ler iiiv j/iiide, a la/v eoo|M-r ol' Canosa, I met Ihrec li-l- lows Willi lon:^ i^iiiis w.ilkinij lei>iiri-l\ out of it. They Klared al iis, hut did nollniiir hut ititeri'liaii).''e the " Ai/roir; Kcm" iiIoihI eveiiiuirl; willi lis. .My iieiii ol' the biilK mid casks would h.-.c it they were roblH-rs. Il imirhl liave bleu so, t'or llii y Here illvisa^rcd dojrs, hut they nevei' Iriiiibled iiie, thnii^'li the hiiirs ut my hostel nt ( 'as- telhiecio did most enn lly. On slarlini; the next morniii:; very early, my com- jftiiiion ri'irretti'd that no chapel was o{h'ii in tin villaL^e where he could rct'resh his soul with a mass, and when we enlerid into the nioiith ol' Ihe valley, lliere was no end to his crossing' hiinseir. I rode ihroiich iIk- Val di Jtoviuo, liowt \er, jiisl as sati 1\- as 1 had doin- the vc'ir heliire, and n-aclii d the lolly town of Ariaiia, when all ilaliircr from roblM-rs was supposed to eeasi-, just as llie Hiin was si-lliiiLi oil one of the mos| extensive and lovely KCx-iies it has Ik-cii my lot In obser\e. .Shortly arter my arrival al .Nipb-s, I learned that Kinff Ferdiiianil, whose reiirn had been iii. irked by two lliixhls froiii his capital and eoiilinetilal doiiiinions, and nniiier- niiH other huiiiilialions, had set Ihe liiiil siirnel to his de- haxement, by Irealinu with and linally sijiiiini; an act of cnpiliilalioM with the Vardari III, who were tlieiii I't'nrlh ndmilted to his ser\ ice and pav. The whole li.iiid was iilUwed to till III a ri'iriilar corps, still commaiKiid by Ihe Name leaders, who received a monllily salary, and en- jraijed to sei'ure the valley of Itoviiio and the provinces which lliey had so loiiir ravai," d, tioiii all similar altacks for the rutiiie. I'eoplc in the capital stared at each other when this news was amioimci d, and they rcllceted oil tlii-<|iialitii-sot'llii iitrai tin;; paities — a lloiirlHin prince, the kill:.' ol'lhe 'I'wo Sicilies, and an Ahrii7.'/esi- |HaHaiit, n hri^'atid eliiel'. Ihit so it wnii! mid even no weak Was this despotic ir.ivcrnincnl. "The most cell brati d Irnop ol' roblK-rs in oiir days," Hays l{. h.l'raveii, " was that ot' the V'ardan HI, who in. vested the provinces of Apulia and the iHirders of ILisili. cntii and Alinr/.7.i, and were supposed to have colli cii-d illliili-iise wealth. To trace the pmuress of a lib- like theirs, would be a ilillii lilt hut not uninleiestinir tusk: liy turns, unldicrs, ili scrters, partisans, and trailor; — by Itiniff, iinprisoni'd, punished, peiiilciit, restored to soeictv. or reliipsed into (fiiilt— exliibilinji trails of sinKular pcr- Kuniil hravcry, united to Inatanccii uf the moit extraordi. nary eiiiinin;.' — and iicehsiniial pn.i.fs uf disiiileresli d- iiiss, I oiiiiasleil with pacity till most imhridUd: — tin ricilal of till ir aiKeiioiri s wmild by far surpass the le. i;eii(lN of our iiiiist ilhistriiius highwaymen, footpads, iir sinui,'i.'lers. " 'I Ills band SI leutril .\piilin an the thrntri" liesl ndnpted to their system of depredatiiiiis : its va.sl, iiiiincliwed plains, oecasioiially inters|K-rsi il with patches of iind^rwisid, but III no part iitfi riiitj obstat les to the rapiilily ol' their move, nil Ills ; the rare i.ec urreiiee of lar^e towns; the inairni. tiiile ol ilie lliniis or HiM.i»>ii/;.<, when- they were sure In fniil piovisions, tbra:re, and booty iinilci! ; all these eir- einiislam-i s combiiiinc with tliiir local kiiowli-i|i;<- nf Ihe 1 oiintry, and the terror vliieli thev had iinpresM-d on its iiiliahil.inls, had reiulcred their |H)Wer sntlicii-iilly lor. miilaiilc to resist, or at least elude, the inciins pursued b\' L'oM riimenl tiir lliiir dcstriielioii. Will armed and ae. eoiilrtd, and exeillcntly iiioiinlcd, their troop was also traineil to the most rii^id dlsi ipline ; and Hon (iaetaiiu, the elder uf the brothers Vard:irelli,as wi II as e luander ot' the band, displayed an aetivilv and skill worthy of a iiiibli r profe.-siiin. It should Ik- oliserved that llii-y si-l- doiii, if ever, allai-ki-d travellers ; and their ontrajres werc i.'1-iicrally niisiilhcd by enn Ity, ixupl in some cases of ri-veii);e liir breach of promise: but this false (.'Ian- ot (jenerosilv and torUaranee, as well as Ihe ample rewards vvliich IIk-v lK>stoWi-d upon their spies and aU-ttors, and the ads of charity hv wliii h they i-ndeavniircd to pro- pitiale the lei-lini'.i of tie- ixsirer class, renih reil them only u iiiori- dislriictive scourge to the eoniiiiunity al lariie. .\ |i<'r^oM who had lieeii a severe siilVeri-r by tlii-ir iiii~ileids very jiislh obseiveil to UK-, that it was very casv to i:i\'e a hiindred dollars to the poor out nf the llioiisaud" stolen t'niin the ri( Il ; and as tlii-ir (;eiH-rosily could Ih- 1 stini;ited by this rule only, the iiiolivcK of it may Is- duly appncialcd. "The Apiili:iii farms consist of several biiildinirs ap- propri.iti il to tin- ililVi ri nt branches of rural cconoiny, which the ii:itiirc of the soil admits of; inid the niiiuls-r of inilividnals employed in the various departments of laUiiir is sometimes verv irn-at, t-s|H*etallv diirini: tlie wiiilcr season, v\ ben the cattle are all ciillceti-d in the tniinHniii t'or the sake ot' a milder alHide. AH llit-se at. leiidants and their sii]M-riors, iiicliidiii(.r the injtnli\ or what we should call the steward, reside within tin- walls which always enclose these cstablishmeiits. 'I'lic nailer may easily I'orm soiin- idea of the panic spn-ail by the ap|H-ar.itie(- of the \'aidarelli in one ot* tlu-sc (-oloiiies, eoiii|Hised i-hiitly of timid shcphi-rds and their laniilies, or labourers, as unused to the exercise us tiny are uii- prmiiled \\ itii the means of resistance. " 'I'lie robbers' niareln s, (;i-iii'rally perfiirtnrd hi the iiii.r|il-tiiiie, were so men dibly ra|Md, that the terror they inspired was i-i|ualli'd only by the astoiiishment ere;iteil by operations apparently sii|s-rnatiiral ; ami they liavi- bei-ii known to have reuniined two or three days in one ot these larins, iM-fore the inmates of those adjoinini^ liave been aware ot their proximity. Ihirinj.' this time they usually ti-:isli d on \\hati\er the premises atrorded, al- ways obliiriii(.r their inh.ihitants to partake of the fare prepared tiir tin iii, tliroiii.'h fi*ar of isiison. t hi an oi-ea- siiiii of this mitiire, when the principal agents of the (arm i-.\eiiseil tin MiM-Kcs from caliiii; meat iH-eause it was a fast-ilav, l>oii tiaetaiio approved their ahstinence, which, he assured them, ipiile a;; reed with his practice in (lene- ral; but alle<.;ed his iiiiiib- ol'lili', and the uncertainty of his dinner hour, as nii aiKiUnjy for the infraction of it.- Oil rcinovini.' lioiii the scene of action, they always look w illi them what iiioiiev eoiild lie eolleiicd, and ns iiiiieh !,'raiii as tin ir hordes could carry. ".''^imetinics the deiuand, or rather roiumand fiir for- :iire, cash, provi-^ioiis, and even clothes, was not made |iersonally, but iin|Miseil tliroilirh the incdiinii of a letter to the sii|H-riiili mil lit of the farm. Ne;;leet, or even delay, in eoinplyiinr with the Hiiinnions, or the most dis- tant appearance of tiiaehery, was followed hy llie destriielioii of the cattle, ami the eont1a(;ratioii nf the biiililiii(.rs. In these eases the mnndate was eonfidcd to I |H-asaiit or lahoiirer, « lioiii the troop iiii(.'lil iiieel aeci- dentally, l-'reipieiitlv they would stop passeii(rers, and exact the exehaiii.'e of (;iiod I'resli horses a(;aiiist their own jaded ones; while more than onci- they huve iiierely harti red their silver airainsl iiii eipiivnieiit sum in (,'old, which iiiii;lil Is- toiiiid ii{Hin the |H'rsiiiiof the Irayeller."* For Slime time alter their treaty with Kiiic l-'crdinand, the Varihrelli very eorr<-clly kept their part of the en- Lratrcmi ut, and no robberies wi re heard of at the Ponte Ii llo\iiio, or in that iieifrhlMiiirlnHHl. There wnx, how- ever, n lonjj iieeiiinulaled areniiiit of vrnpenner scored * Tour thiiDigli Ihe Southprn Pruvlnrn nf Napln. ajraiiisl them in the hi-arts ot' many individuals wlin Imj siitren-d from their rapn ily or violriiee ; thi- iroveniini'ni monover, was said both to liar that by some sudden n. viiisioii they would adopt their old iiiodes of life, and tu nourish ii lindielivc fcelin(,' ncaiust the men who lai,| foiled (hem so olteii. Indeed, it w'uti f iirrently repiirlid ill the capital at the time, that (hi' ipiarrel ill which (In darinij brolhcrs (ill, was exeilcd hy (he Ireai-heroiis cinis. saries of (roveriinii-iit, who thus ho|H-d to rid theinscbi, of Ihe Vardan Hi withoiil the opi n odium of treai la-ry and eniclly to iiii-ii they had honoun-d with a eapilii|:i. (loll. I'alher of (III se eausi-s iiii(rlit have prndiieed tin elli-ct, or i( inldlit very well Inive Ih-cm prmluced by t iinioii of the two. .Mr. Craven only alludes to the iiiurt appan-iit one. " Hut il was not (o he e.v|K'etcd that so lawless n run. ledenilion slioidd Ion;; conliniic lailhful to llieir cii|;,ii-,. uuiils, or thai the inhahilanls, siiiartiii(r iiiider the iiitln. tiiiii of oiilra(res so recciil, slinuld ever lisik upon tl,. aiillinrs of them willi any li-eliii(;s but thou- of niistrn-i or n-vi-iii;e : in t'aet, about a month previous to my ipiii. liiiU' Naples, they had Ih-ci! eii(;a(;ed in a serious eoiiti"! with the natives of an .-Mbaniaii village, called I'mri, k\ Ihe borders of the .\briiz-/,o; and these last, risiii(,r in sii|i(. rior niiinhers, killed the thrie hmlhers with nine of tin Imop, and eoiiipelU-d the remainder to seek their salitv ill (lidlil. It was said that the principal prnninter nf tljii alVray had lost his father hy the hands of the Vardan Hi. Kniiii that [Hriod Ihe niniianl of the hand had retired h, the ncij.'lilwinriii'r iiiountaliis, and had, under various pn. ti'iiccs, eluded the order \\ liiili they reeeived. to liiiilr, ami pn-senl Ihemselves at a staled s|kiI, where the alVair should 111' iuvesliiralcd. ;\w-iin', pmbably, of haviii(; Ihui the amrnssnrs in the coiitliet which termiiialed so falally to their Icaikrs, or, dislriislliil oi'die iiileiitionsof (roveru. tucnt, they had delayed olH'yiii(; its eoimnaiids ; niiil I had purposely rclardid my liepartiire from the eapit;d,(.i avoid the risk of liiHiii;; in with (hem on their way to llii> lieaii this evi iii as certain, for that poitimi of their i-orps, which was ili«. luoiinted, eonsistiiii.' of alsiut thirteen, had nssembliii lliere a short lime iM-liin ."* We an' now come tn "the last FCeiip of nil, wliiili ends lliisslraii{re cyentful history," and here .Mr. Craven's narrative pos.se.sses the inlerest'lliat only an eye-wilin-.s can (jive. "-\t last I arrived al Fofjpia, the rapilal of Ihe (':i|ii. tanala, which has ijatcs, but no walls, the houses bun;' so irri'dularly seatlend ahoiil, that it is ilillieiilt In In precisely where the town begins. I could find no Iml;;- in(is al the miiiieniiis inns whieli displayed their siuiis on either side of me, hut were already filled hy the :ir. rivals for the eiisiiiiiij fair, so that I had penetrad-d si.iiu way into the city iH-liire there appeared any chance nl heiii(r a(-comnii)(laled al all; when, just as I had liiriin! out of a stn-<-t, or rather scpiare, in which I had ohseruil soiiie tniops drawn out as (iir a parade, a sudden vnlliy of iiiiiske(ry, which I (onk (iir the crash of a hiiililiii; (lilliii(j, (iillowcd by a (jeneral lliijlit of (he inhabilaiila, ndcriiiij erics of terror and dismay, arrested my atli ii lion : .sisin a()cr, a [jciillemaii liurryiii(j hy, ilcsired nii' to ali(jlit, which I dijli iiderly iiiiiihle to (jiidn the motive of this advice ; whih' n sicoiid as slrcniinuslv reeomnienilcd my rfmoim(iii)j my horse and ijnllopiiij away. The (irst idea that darted iicniss iiiy mind w:i» that of all earthipiake, and a iiumher of persons riisliiii!; at- once out of an adjoiiiiii(j house leiided to eunlirni il. I walked on, in vain adilressiii(j (he fuijidves who passu! me in every direeliou, till a Ikiv look my horse's hriilli'. and led him tliinii(jli some ohsciire by-slree(s tu an inn at the skirls of the low n, when- we took reliijje in a ninin on die (jrimiid-Hoor. into which my scrvanls and uuiilf, loL'etlieam^ all the horses ami inysell', enlcred as if liy one eoiiimWi iusliiiet, but still in total i(;iiorance of lln cause of alarm. The erics of se\cral Women, Icariiii; their hair, niid the incohen-nl exebimalions they ullenil, ainon(j which I could only dislinijuish the word hiifiaiili, al last led me to eonjectun' (hat a parly of handilli li:iil forced their way into the town, and were en)ja(ied willi Ihe ri-(jular troops. The door had lieeii eaiefiilly b,-ir. rieadi-d al the momciit of our cii(ranec; hut lhi'oii(jli (lie small windows several soliliiTH were ohservahh' linkiii); about in parlies, with (heir miiskelH n-ady, and al lliui's a drajroon passed ut full (jallop, apparently cnjjajjcil in w. will. ^ 1 S .1,' .\il ■H tl * 111 ilii- siiwu III' 'I'nijn. Mr. ("raven saw twn nf ilie Vniit:iiTl!i liiniil, « tii'se si;iitiri' niiit iiinriiiit air, lii-i|iliii-iirri'ssii)ii. |iiirsiii(. 'I'l sliiils, coiiliri l»'-rii's, liotte :iii iiK.iek at lisniicd, seen of ilollllt, till iiad aOer Ikui laiillii-r and ili'.irer iusijl iiniiiiier, the kiniHu hi me an- ;is follow. " 'I'lie reini - llirill.'S'lvi / I'ii I, part of ' nil lit I |iaiise( 11.1-; ivajjcd . '.Ill (jeneral, w ijavu ordera fo phee. Arte tery account i niliims lorc| inuiid.-i. 'J'his :iiiil « liiliij alti ii'liii-r sent fro III' y were raii( 11"! Ill say tei tl liilly eomniai :i]i,irtiiieiil to SI Miiliout their in ler p;;rt (roll liny iiiadp use n-^l" i-.itcd the o lui-li, who was til. iilher lired I iiiirk, W';i.s shot IMtc. This wa p.iiiiiiiis, that Wi nniski-try from l.p I'lciii, which iiiii'Milj the crow nil III!' Hjiot. Fi iiiiinl tu sjiriii(r i ilini'tioiis out ( nail lln'd at an t I'riMiiiers ; hut a l.ir. tlie first pla hImiIi liaviii(j on n ili-li-iisible asyl iii-«s of this reel' Willi success, fo M-\. ral others wl ill'tliis last de.sjM lip, .ind made kn ilir to briiiij ns s ilisin.-iy and n(fi llirniijhout the I I ik'-ii wen' sent i II' il Id |)prsiiade il'llii'y perseverei ii:ilan' of their ri "iiiilil lie Ii(r||ied I'Minu their com Mile men never i tills threat was pi lure blocked up \i sitinition US most liy till' la.st resour lln- i-i'llnr was enl l"M Iniilies, coyer 'Inv liad received " III about five ri'stiind to the cit III' .ilariii ocensioi lliiiw- of aversion i f-i SSI'S of the ham ("HIS of compnssii lianly a deiUli. 1 "'>i'ri' piinisluiienl 111' III) moans llivi iiillii-l il. " 111 the cyeiiin( biri'il III send my '"iiiiiiandant o M;U' fiURUlS- r,,l WA^LW^m^Q umiLmm^ ©iiB^ow^t^ii^iiT^ iniBs^ii^KT. I ; till' ^[ovrrhiiiiiii, »i()in(' Miildcii r>. IS ol" lil'i', mill III II' iiit'ii uhii hod iirriiitly ri|Mirliii rri'l 10 wliit'li (lii- Iri'ii'l" r')"" iiiii!- to rill tliiniKilMi iiiiii 'il' tii'acliiTy I vvilll 11 r!l|iitlll::. iivr proiliiri'il tin II |>r'fii- coiiiinaiiils; iiiiil I I'rimi llio ciipit;il.l'i on tlirir way to 'ln' was cxpictiil lint liilily liuvf arriviil. ok u|Kiii lliis I VI ill rps, wliirii was ili-- L'li, liutl nssi'iiililiil erne of all, wliirli I lii'iT Mr. C'ravoii's Illy an lycwilmx •npital of tliu (';iiii- 1, tlir lionsis licini; is ililliinlt to IW roiilil liliil no Iml^- pliivi'il tlii-'ir sii;in ily Villcd liy tlir :ir. ml piMiilraU'd soiiir 111 any rhanic nl .1 as i liail Inniii! ii'li I liail olisrruil a siiililcn viilliy ash III' a linililiiii: ,r the inhaliilaiiN, irri'stcil niy altrii IjT liy, llcsirc'll Mil' iinalilo I" (.'111" liinil as stri'nuniisiy \r!H- anil (xallnpiiii: OSS my miiiil w^i-^ il" prrsoiis ruhirmi! Iiilcil til I'unrinii it. ilivi'H who pas*('il my horse's briilk L-.sin rts to an inn ri'rnfrr in a rmini rvaiits mill iruiili'. r, iiitiri'd as it' liy Il ijiniiranrr of lln' 11 wonifn, tiarini! lions llii'y nttiMvil, |tlir word hiii!itiiiiii,.\i>i':ij>iii.\, riJiiti vitv -M, ixa. M>. S.I II. !• . ........^..... ...... ■ ...... I'hintrii Asii ri'm.iKiiRii iiv .\I)AM \\'.M.|iir.. .Nn. t), Niiitrii l-'.iutirii HrKKi i. i'tiii.\iiKi riiu— .\ r .«.'i lor .Vj iiiiinlii r.i, |i.'u iMr in iiiliiiiii-r. It- iV 1^ S. W'OOir I'lUMkllH AMI I'l lll.l^llKUK, \rw YilllK, t t I'lilHl.MX \. VVllllll fi ('It. HiiiiKiv Kiiulniiil RlatrN, ] f Hul. Xl'iiiIb I'm llif ^liitm nt' M;ii> laiiit. Viiuiiiia utiil Oliin, mi I tin- r.l> uf Nrw Orli'mii. piirsiiil. 'I'hr.411 rii'cumstancrs, and ocrasioiiul iiiuskit- sliiils, roiiririiird my suspiriuiiM ; hill lliat a nang uf roh. |i.'rii's, liuAi'vrr d.iriii); and drH|ic'rute, should havi' inadr all all.iik at inid-d.iy nil u larj{e city rrsiH;ttalilv irar- lisiiiird, SI oniod su improhahlc that 1 rolitiniK'd in i stati' iiriliiiilit, till tilt: Kim of my liostcsK made his ap|M.iraiii'i'; iinJ al1rr Immii;,' ru|H'atcdIy kig.si'd and wrpt u|h)1i liy his iiuillii-r and lirr liislirTrfli'd compaiiiiinis hr );aM: iiii' a , Il in r insight into thoatfuir, hy rilatiii(f, in an iminrl'Li-t iiiaiiiitr, the dttail.s, whii'li wire suhscijuuntly iiiudi: kiinvvii til nic from u Hourcc more authentic, and which an' IS I'lilluw. " Till' remainder of the Vardarelli hand had prcenti'd llii'Mi.sil'iis that moriiiii); at I'ojruia; they funned, in I'm I, part of liic triHiju 1 had ■eun, and were at the mo- iiii lit I paased eiiguffvd in a war of words, which soon ii\is n'a);i'd witli more deadly wcajtuliH. It seems that 'III i;iriii'ral, who had received intimation of their arrival, iravu orders for them to Ik; inspected the instant it took loii their horses, escaped in dilVerent iliricliniis out of the town, though followed hy cavalry ami fired at as they Hed. Another portion were madi priviiiirs ; hut a third division sought security in a eel l.ir, the first place of refuge which oftered itself, nnd » liii 11 having only one very low entrance, atl'orded theiii II ill li'iisilile asyluin for some time : the depth and dark- iii's of this receptacle made it difliciilt to attack them \Mlli success, tor they killed a soldier, and wounded ■.ivrral others who had ventured too near the a|H'rturi iiflliis last ilc»|)crate set, four, however, gave Ihein.selves ii|i, and in.ide known the nuinlior that rrinained. In or- ili r 111 liriiig as B|)ecdy a terniiiiation as imssihlc to the ilismay and agitation which this event hud Hpread llirniijhout the rily, two of those who had Iwen last t ik'ii were sent in to their rompaninnH with tlicir hands li. il to |)crsuade them to surrrndcr, and to inform them, il'lhi'V |K'rsevere(l in a resistance, which, from the local iiiihire of their retreat, must he unavailing, a straw* fire wniilillie lighted at the orifice, us tho only means of lias- I'liing their eomphaneo or (tcstrurtion. Tho unfortu- Hale men never returned, and no answer being given, lliis threat was put into actual exerution, and the uper. lure lilocked up with stones. Imugiiiatiuii pictures tlicir Mluation as most horrible ; but its terrors were eluded liy the last resource of despair. Two hours nfterwurds 111!' iillar was entered without opposition, ami tlicir lite i'ss hiiilies, covered with wounils, indicated tho deutli 111! y liail received at each other's hands. " In alinut five hours some degree of tranquillity was ri"i|iirid to the city ; and it was evident that the feelings III' alarm occaHiiiiied hy lliis singular event, and even lliiwe i)f uversion and universal reprobation which the (>\°- i"! «i's of the banditti had excited, now yielded to eino- liiriiier master, which had shown itself on several oeeafions since they hud parted. Curiosity led iiiu to enipiiru whether this jierson wa.s among the survi- vors of tiiu drcadliil catastrophe of the morning ; and having sent to the prison where tliey were confined, for the purpose of ascertaining the fact, I was answered in the atVirmative, and conducted, as I imngined, to the cell which contained the object of my cni|uirics. It seems that the subslaiKX- of my message having Ikcii conveyed from mouth to mouth, had undergone a material change in its purjHirt; and lullire 1 was rendered aware uf the misunder.'itanding, 1 found myself in a hiw vaulted room, Rl the hack of the pulilid prisons, and standing opposite to several naked bodies exposed on some straw, thie of these was pointed out to inu as that of the individual whom 1 sought. " The iiillietion of a sudden nnd violent death on a ro- bii.st and active frame is far from producing those cll'ei ts which the repeated attacks of disease, or tlie gradual de- cay of the vit;il |)owers, leave impressed in characters so awful or iilTensive on the hiiiaun coimtenancc. 'I'lio set- ling rays of tlic same sun which had cast its morning radiance on beings moving in the full energy of existence, now shone on their lifeless but not inexpressive features. The turmoil of passions which had agitated the last dieudful moments of their existence wus visibly, though variously, depicted in every face, nor could the expres- sion he mistaken ; the sullen brow strongly contracted over the glaring eyeliall, the palUd lip curled to a sardo- nic smile, each bespoke the final agonies of desperate bravery, inelfeeluul revenge, or the hoitclcss struggles of expiring crime. "The cohiur of the clieck.i was fixed, but not extinct, and nought but the attitude was that of death. They had been strip|M(l of every article, save the reliquaries, or consecrated images, which the lower classes in Italy in- vaiiably wirar round their neck, and which now rested on the ghastly wounds that disfigured Uuir "oodies, some of which were also bluckcncd by smoke. None of these men were above the age of forty, while most of them were cimsiderably younger. It was said that individuals of every nation were to be found in their ranks; but 1 iK'licvi^ that a I'Venchmaii mid a Hungarian wcro the only two who were not natives of Italy." Thus ended the fiimous Vardarelli. The following aiimsing particulars arc also from the \vn of the gentle man who so vividly represented the scenes of their de struction. Mr. rraven went from Foggia to (.'erignola, niKithertown in the plain of .\pulia " A letter, which I had brought from Foggia to the syndic, procured ino a visit t'rom that gentleman, and an a|mlogy for some delay in making it, occasioned by the return of his brother from the adjoining province of Ita- silicatn, where, only a few days lit'fore, be had Isen rar- ricd by a party of lourtecn brigands. This had hap|Harties had no connection with each other, the coincidence was re. niurknble. It seems that this comitira was hut lately organized, and had hitherto contincd its practices within the liounilarics of Itnsilicata, to which it belonged ; hut templed by the reputed wealth of the syndic of ('erignola, the lionditii had lain in ambush for u whole night, nenr a house and furiii which he imssesscd, three inilcH from the tdwii, and niXer waiting all the next day, which his bro- tl.er had s|H'nt there, in the act uf su|H'rinteiidiiig the r iral concerns of the family, they seized u|ion him and an att(-n(lant at dusk, just oh tlipy were preparing to go home; and, crossing the Ofiinto, which, at no great dis. tiinee from the s[kiI, divides the two provinces, they forced him to walk thirty niileii in tlic course uf thut night, to reach till* mount.'iin of .Melfi. Mere tliev balled amung the wiifidy reeesm's, which atVordeil lliem a seeiire n treat, and detained him, while they sent liaek his si-rvant with the terms they fixed tiir his ransom, and |Miwers to iiego. tiate for its paymeiil. The (leniand u bit b thi y at first advani-ed was so e.Mirbitant, that the wretched prisoner, aware of the inability of his relatives to raisi* a sum so considerable, ussiired them that they might as well kill him nt once as require it. 'I'o this lliey very indig- nantly replied, that they were not writehis capable of committing murder, and assured him thut he need liar no |M'rsoiial injury; ultlioiigh they had, tiir the sake of ex|H'dilion and sality, iirgid tiii^ s|K'( d of his lUHturnal progress by occasional Mows, and followed his |HTsiin with slight but frequent applications of tjie well sharp- ened |H>ints of their slihtlos. They lowered, however, their demnnds; nnd, ntU-r a few dnys' negotiations, ugreed to lilM'rate him fiir the sum of twelve hundred ducats, a hundred yards of velveteen for pnntidooiis, and siveral dozen of silver buttons and buckles fiir the sam(^ Thu dillienlty of purchasing these nrtieh's, vvilhout iiiciirring suspicion, will i:ccounl for their insertion as part of Ihn raiisoni. If the reader asks how these treaties are carried into elli cl, and who the iiidisiiluals are that act as iiego- ti.itor.s, I can mily say, that the principal sulH rers aro anxious lo couecnl flic ili tails of traiisaelioiiH forbidden by a law, which humanity and eompassion always trans- gress. It is lo be observed, that, except in revenge for treaelicry and evident brcai h of fiitli in the I'lilfiliiient of ihese agr(eiiii'nts, the Iniiilitli have geiiiTallv bun fiiund true til their word, white i'vw aniong flu iiiiliappy nbjectJt of their rapacity havi^ fallen vii liiiis to a spirit of' wanton firoeily, and they arc always restored lor imieli liss than the sum originally required. It is .scarcely necessary to add, that I allude to this, not in cxtenuatinn of so iilsimi liable a practice, but merely as a custom which they pro- bably ailherc to so punctually, f'or the sake of inspiring greater euufidcnee in their promises." ncN CTRO, OR 'i"ni'; i'rikst-rodhkr. This extraordinary man, whose atrocities far exceed those uf his contemporaries (and sometiines his friends) the Vardarelli, was iKirn in the little Neapolitan town of (irottaglie. His parents, who were in easy eircmnstanecs, destined him for the ccclesiusticul profession, wliii h he entered very young. Having gone through the riiutinu of a priest's ediicatiim at the seminario and coUcgio, ho was in due course of time ordained by the bishop of tho diocess, nnd received the muss. 'J'lie brothers of Don t'iro, most respectubic farmers, and his uncle the Canon I'utitaro, neither i>f whom ever took any part in his (•rimes, were alive and in the enjoyment of miblemished rcpiitution a very few years ago, and ure jirobubly still living. Don Cirn, even nt nn enrly |H'riod of life, showed very great talents — ijualities ind(('d that might almost claim the high epithit of genius; but nnforlunately he |ios- Bcsscd also what so fre(piently oeciunpunics getiiiis, a most ardent and passionate tem|ieranicnt. With ii dis- |Hisition — a resistless impulse to love ever working with- in him, he was forbidden the iiidiilgeiiee of that most natural and putcnt of all passions by his sacred profession and his vows. Ciio Aniccliiarico niiCirtmmtely iHcamn enamnurcd uf a ludy, his own townswoinaii. This wan the key to all his eriines. His passion was too iiiipctiiniiH to be concenlcd, nnd his townsfolk tnlked lightly of him : n young man of the place, a schoollcllow, and once a friend, met with more favour in the eyes of the ludy than the priest could 1io|h: I'or. Ciro suw evidences of this one day. He inslicd uiit of the house, und pruviding himself with a gun, lurked Indiind a wall until his rival should npproneh. The young man came, but never went from the fatal spot. Ciro, who wus even then u good marks, ■nun, shot him dead, nnd slunk nway fancying to escnpo discovery. Some rumours, however, were soon raised by the Motolesi, the fiimily of the priest's victim, ('iro'g thirst for vengeance was not satisfied with ime murder; he had \owe(l to exterminate the whole family of thu Motolesi. Their murmured suspicions (lerhaps huNleiied their fate; nnd ime alter the other every individiinl of that house, save one, hud disiip|H'ared from the litlk' town of (irottagli(?. (The individual who cscnpid lived shut up ill his lioiuic for several years, without ever daring to «'- i J. :'■/■ "Hi ■■;•'ITTI A\U UOHIiRRS. I i' V- V '..•■'. SIT .•■■ v; 'JO out, 1111(1 till' iiiili;i|i|iy ImIii!.', rvcn lillri n yi:irH iinrr llic iiiiirilcr iiI'IjIm kiiidnd, llinii^rlil lliiil » hiiari' wnx laid I'nr him wlicti prKpli' caiiii' In Ull liiiii nl' tlir iiii|irisiiii. lllrlit, mill sllnilly al'lrr, nf till' llralll 111' lli< re lll"rsilr>.s rni'iiiv; ami il was willi i;rrat (liliiiully lliiit liv wus in- llllirij Id ipiil Ills nllral.) Wlirii III' hall •jratilii'd his rcvcii!.'!', and fniind lliiit Ihr (iirily jiisliir hI'Iuh I'oiiiitry was aliniil In |iri>rn d ii(;ainsl liitii. III' llrd t'niiii his iiati\(' tiiwii. Wliitliir hi' iHraiiir 11 liri'/aiiil thru, ilnis nut a|i|M'ar: hiil lie shiirlly iilirr |ilayi d till' |iarl id'a hiro, liir im Irarniiiir llial Ihr •;iim rii- ini'iil, rvi'r iiijiidiriiiiis and tyraiiiiii al, had Ihiiiwii Ins in- iiiirriil hriithcM iiiln |iri~iiii, " hi' llrw," hr said, " im Ihr winirs Hi" Iraliriial lovi." In ill'irt lliiir n Irasr, and |irr. null d hiinsrl!' In Ihr rxlraiirdiiiary jiidiriary I'nnnnis.i'iiin ■ il'.\|iiihn silllii'_' al 'I'laiii. 'Ihr innnriinr iil'liis hrnlhirs was imiili' rudriil.and ll" y «i rr rrli'asiii, lint all tin' in- '.'iniiilv and ('lni|iii'iirr 111' Ihr alilii' (I'nr hr hail iiltaiiii il 111: t sai'rrdnl.il urailrj rnnlil iinl savr hinisi'll'. ('aiiilaj |iiiiiisliij|i'iil, hnwrvrr, Was thru rare in Ihr kinirdnin nl' Vaplrs, and rnnviclril and inanirnld iniirilrri T lis hr wa>i, III- was iinly sriilinrrd In Ihr j.'alli'\s I'nr tillri n yrars. Knr liiiir yrars hr was roiiliiud in Ihr niiisl horrid ihin- Crnns, iirvrr hriiii; sriil In Ihr |darr a|i|iiiinli'd Ihr his lrans|>iii'tarniM, Ihnniih he srvrral liinrs |ii lilinnril I'nr Ihil rrninViil, u hiili wimlil liavr riinhli d liini In hrralhr I'lrsli air ill h'asi liir a crrlain innnlMr ol" hours rnoli day. ll wniiiil Ih" liio liiirrililr In rrlh rt oil ihr worl.injrs ol' a iniiiil likr his, in darkni'sH and nlirr coliliiilr — in a vrry hill ! t'roiii wliirli, as nii^lit hu r\|H'clril, hu caiiio out u lirllil iliilrril ! Al lliii rxi'ivalinn of Iho loiirlh yrar of his ilrrailfiil ronliiu'iiirnl he rnntrin'il In rsrapr. Itiit whillirr rnnld 111- L'o willioiit I'lii'Mils or iniinry .' 'I'lir !;nvrriiniriil ol'lii I'liiinlrv had now pi'-snl iiiln llir lianils nl' ihr Kirinh, w!in rvrri'l I d it with ninro rnir^y llinn thr iihl Hour bulls, liiil thr priniiiri's, us I |i„vr alrraily rxplaim li wrrr i.vrrriiti hy iliipirali' iiini, in whoiii, fur a loii;; liiiir, wcrr r' ii'iiiiniird thr cliarartrrs ol" lirif;aMils iiinl p.ililir.il p,inis-iii«. 'I'liO Aliat. Ciro, thirrti rr, went .-iiiil jniiii'd our nl" IJM' i,in~t nnd.riniis n''lhi'-i' hand", V.I. :ih hor.n arldiriwli (lirrii him as llnii rliii'.', .'iiiil L'rrw in nniii lirrs n:iil |iriisprrid nml r lii- j;iiidanri' and liislri iii).^ t.; Iriit.s. I'li'lrr ollirr riri'iinistiinrc's hr iiii;jlit havr 1h ru nil i\it!Ii lit !.>liliiT — he liirnid nit a inre^t acmnipli-hiil liilidil. Nnt o'lr nt" ll,r hand rnnld lire his rii'r uilli .' mrr an aim, or iiiniinl his hnr-r likr thr pii'^l 1> ii ' 'ir till llir rniir^-p ipl'hi^ va^'ahiiiid :'1hI hani lii'r, hiiii^' oMi'^i to hiili i'nr sri'.sr.rs in the must honililr liolrsni'liir nuKs or d"ptlis ni'llii' llirrst,aliil iml iiiirrripiriitly suii'i linir llir want ol'lhi' iin'rcst nrrrssarirs I'nr iiiiinan sii-!. iiMui, hi arnnirrd a stniiL'lh nrrnii^titiili.in, a rri>i|iiliniss of pur- pose, and all adinilni'ss and rnniiinr' thr most rriiiarkalili', rvrii aiiinii;: iiirii whnsr iiioiirs nt' lil'c, of nr^^•^ily, con llniiril a-id stn inilliriii d ihr sainr ipialilii ■■. Oiii' ol' hi.'* liist rxjilnits, iitli-r rsrapin;.' frnin f!ir dun- pi'iins ol' firrrr, wus In prni'tratr with his salrlliirs iiiti our ot' till- lirst hiiirH'S of thr lilllr Inwn ol" .M.irliiin wlii-rr, al'lii' liaviiN' nli'rrrd linlmrr to thr prrson nt' it^ inistr.'s.-, hr iniinhn d hi i, ami all lirr prnplr, and ilr raiiipiil witli a lart'i' sum ol' rrady iiionry. This drill was Inl'nwril up liv iiiiinrrniis rriinrsot' Ihr likr natiirr. until what with truth, anil a lilllr iialiiral rxan-u'rralinii, thr aniDiinl nf drliiKpiriirirs was iiio-l frarfiil, and iin- lhiii;r was hranl nt'hiit Ciro Annrrhiarirci. This was m iiiiirli llir f::»r, that snnir yrars iil'tiT, whrn hr ihiniuiit it rvpriliriil 111 s.iiil ill a jnvliliratiiHi of his rnniliirl, hr Kaiil llial, " w liatrvi r rohln'ry, whalrvrr iniirilrr, wliatrvir nsRas^iiiarinn was rnminitird on Ihr lai'r ot'llir riirlli, was instantly altrihntrd t.> Ihr .'Mi.itr .Aiii.i rliiariro," Thr ixtrnt ol'lliis rrpntalioii rniild not hill he danurr. oils In him — yrl hr rnntiiinril, yrar nt'lrr yrar, lo i hiilr in-rrv pursuit, and tn hafllr Ihr many hiriidrrds ol'snhlirrs that wrrr mr isiniiiillx sriit inriinsl him. Ilr was always wril moiin^i d. A n trral ol" thirty or I'nrly iiiilrs in a day, was as nnlhiii'.' tn him — I'liil rvrn wlini mnliilriitial Bpirs had irvrali d ll"' ]ih rr n!' his cnin'ralini lit hut a liw hours III I'nrr, and his pnrsiirrs rmiir upon hi'ii with thr full piinlidriirr that tin \' rhniilil laki' him al last, his skill mid acliviiv always sirvril him nt iirrd, and hr iscapnl. This sinirnlar [rnoit rnrlimr, or rathrr lalrnl, nl" In iiiir ahlr In oxliitalr himsrir from Ihr iiinsl immini'iil ilaii- pcri', aripiind I'nr him, nnionjr the prnpli;, thr vahiahir rrpntation of a ni'croninini'r, upon whom ordiimry iinaiis of altark hail no power; and Ciro, lM'coiiiiii(r aware of thi-', neiileeled notliiii(r wliirh could ronlirni Ihr idea, end innrrawi the sort of sp<'ll il prodiirrd njuiii the iifiio. ruiil,ni|M'rsliliniis pcasani-''. The rnmitry penplr, inderil. Boon earrird their Hars so lar, thai lliey dared not exe. crntr, or even hlaiiie Don Ciro in his ah-eiire, so liriiily wiTP tliry |)i rsnaili'd lliat his driimn would iinmcdialrly inform hiin of it and rrndiT tliciii obnoxiiiiiH tn lili hlonily rrvi'ii^'r. .Mi'anwhlh'.n rolilirr hy profosfinn — an nnlinly wi/aril in the iinaL^iiiuliiiii of oilier men — » i.'exil in realily, Don Ciro iieM-r wholly ri'lni<|iii'.hr(l his saeerdotal rhnrneler ; on the ronlrary, hi- winilil frcipipnlly |)i>rfnrm itii fnrielinii!>. rololiratinjr the mass nnd other snleinn riles 111 the handilli — who are L'enerallv fnimt! in Italy lo have a stroiijr rilisli for rp|ij.'iiin, siuli as il is, unil who will fend a knife into your bosom while u erneifix and a reliipiary repise upon their own. Furl her to slrencthon ihr anonialy of his |Hiiilinn as a priest, he was nreiistomi ll lo derlare the whole ealholio prieslhooil roiMies wiihont faith; ami he ntl'eeled himself a very liherltiie iharaelir, addlrlin',' hiinsell' in a parlii'iilar manner In llie perii.'.al of ir.derent French songs, ii \\ hole Colli el ion ofwhuliwns nine fiiiiiid in his pnrl folio. .Moreover, his [lassinii for fair woman ireneralised itself; and hesiiles il.4 aeeideiilat i;r.-illliral.nn, he had, al the period of his jKiWer, iiiislresses in nil ilio luuiis III' the provinee. The other hands of banditti, eonipared with this priest. roh'ier's, were ai,j;i'ls ot'inerey. Yet in tin: course nC |ier|rt'tratini; the iihksI riillilesM crimes, Oon Ciro would .snnielimes iniliilf^o in whims In which he tr'eil to •liveaii airot'i,',nerosity. ("'iiernl I>'( lllavio, a Corsiean in the service of .Mural, had Ions: lioeii pnrsniiip bun with a tliniisniid men. One il.iy Ciro, whoso audacity was freqnenlly ipiiio roinanlie, nniied at all (lointit, sur- prised the (rriieral, unarmed and alone, walking in his own carilen. lie discovered liiinsolf — prnnounccd his dreaiird name, and remarked, that tlie lilb of the lieni rill, w lio smiglit his life, was in his hands. " Hiit," said he, " I will pardon yon this lime, although 1 shall eea-'O III he so indulgent if yi.ii continue to limit me alniil with fo nuuli jury I" '1 hns saying lie lou|>cd over llie garden wall and di.sapjiearrd. When Kiig Kenlinaiid was restored to his stales on liie eoiilii eiilal side rd' the Faro hy the grout political ^•ame of Murope, in wl irli he had ln'in ahniit us neutral us a marker in whist, he reealleil, as I have already meiitinlied, such as had been fiioriiKrili liir political rpiiiiniis. T here were many mlilnrs in this miiiiher, hut Ciro .\iiae. llial irn"s eriiii'"s were (,|' loo deep a die. Vel this ls>!d villain did not fear lo present liimsolf to the piiMio authorities at I. eeee, claiming bin majesty's ainnesly. 'i'hc niagislrales nave liiiii a safe cordncl to I he I ily of Ihiri, where lie was to reside, under the eye nf the pnliee, liir tliu present, lie pretended afterwards thai he li It remi.r.-e and repentaiiie al this lime, and men eiiterlaiiud .i serious idea of fhulling himself up in llic cnllego of the missionaries, and passing llio re.-l of his da\s ill fasliiii^ and [irayers. "I « .s on the point,'' sail! he in his ju>tilie.ilioii, '• of folln'.viiig up my unhlo reMiliiliiin, when the ihunihrlHilt hurst ii|hiii iii\ head {iiliirrlie Dilrtiii arrosrij ilil ri'ilcnli^^iiiKi fnliiiiiii . rlir si itd'^liiirii sill mill (■«/'".) i have not liircn enough to express In yon, Imw my heart was rent, or the do- pinralde stale «hieli I iiiiserahly sank iiitn, when I wu:- seeretlv iii'i'riiied by a faithful friend, ihal my uiresl was nrdered on the cruel acriisalinn of having infringed the reV'il iiianili.le. 1 vanished like lightning fioiii llaii; i Weill lo lie capital lo obtain redress, and todis- cover once more the black conspiracy against mo. All was vain. The hnpes I had cherished 'lisappcarcd ; am! uliilr perplexed as lo llie steps I ought lo lake, the po'.ver of my relentless persecutors prevailed. Al last I leH the capital, and guided only by that fortitude am! coiislaiii'y .so liccessary in my ini-tiirlunes, I betook myself lo i;iy old liaunts in the solitude of the Ibre.sts, and recniniiieneed u savage and wrelehod lill'." This was al the end of IHI."!: towards the tormina tionof the fl.llnwing year, Pon Ciro, bavin,'; well I'lii- ployed l!ir inti rvrniiii; lime, and now lakiiig the alarii al llie adoplion of vigorous inrusiires hy the govern, iiiei,! to put down the brigands, cniiieived the bold ideii of iiiiiliiig all the various bands of robbers and outlaws of whatever fielioii or denoiniiialion, to oppose the mnreli of the kinii's troops with all the liirces Iliey could muster, and otherwise to assert henceforward one com moll cause. The Vatdarclli, the most ciinspicnoiis of tlib robbers, were then cnioying the bonnurs of their royal capiliila- tinn and were in the king's pay; but t'lro knew there were grounds of fear and dissatisfaction existing amoii!! Iliem, and lio|ied lo induce them "lo turn out" again lie (hereliiro invited them, with the chiefs of other bands, tn a personal conference, in order, in Iho fust place, to I real of the measures lo lie pursued against Cicneral Cliurch, who wus coming into their provincoe at Ihe headof the king's troops: ai;d these worthies li,rf, uieoniiiigly, two ditferent interviews, the first al I^, lid of l.-lb, in n little deserted ehapel, where Don ( le, eeieliraled muss iMMiire he began the eonlemiee, nml Hit M'cond ill the inniith of March or April li^l*. in a ttrm lietweeii S. Kraiiio and (Hiiju. Caetuno Vurdaielli dif. Iired us lo the propriety of a junction. He reprcseiilfil that il wniild he wi II to act in concert, hill still soimriif. ly, and that they ought hy all means In avoid a general iiisnmclion, ol which they might easily hcconie i'> vielims. "Ashing," said lie, "as our lianils are i,,| iiir leroiis, government w ill he deceived, and make ui; upon lis feehlv, as it does now ; hut as soon as we li.rii, ourselves into a more iinporliint body, it v ill tie foncr: til scud an army against us." It appeared, that iL. Vardarelli, tin. ugh dissalished, were inclined lo «.!]• eveiils; and their advice, or noii-adhcsiou, overset hnn Ciro's grand plan. Dili still holder and more comprehensive was Ihe iioi; project ol' thi:i exiinnidliiaty man. Seeing the coiihin overrun by sects and secret soeielies, whii h, iiiidi r t'.. iinines of Carhomiri, \e. aiined at pnlilical clian^'.. diireiing in ipialily,but alleipial iir ahsiirdily, and sumk of which exercised vengianen too horrible anil riles t. Al that aeason of madness, eveiy house, where an en- lerlainuieiit is !;oiiig on, is open, and as ull the nei;'li. bnurhnnd are masking and iiiiiiiiiiiing. it is of course ma easy, nor is it utteiiipliMl,lo disliiiguish who the thron;;- iiig guests may he. Don Ciro proved himself an ar eeptahle one liy bringing a plentiful supply of excellci;! wine, in which he and his couiradcs pledged the cein- pany. and drank /irii/i/Mi*, or rhymed toasts, of aduiirablf fiicctiuusncss, H 1 They 1 1 hflillf Ih hi (■>seil In their lj!e. The sor-i and p.'ficeed a iiidiviihial wni diys and iiigli iilijiii.111 of Ihe the .\pulian sc as his treineiid Tliey did no and (lersonsof werelo lie dire • niong the Icsi gentry, who wi tlirm. 'Iliesc ni ri''b;'Co:niiig bri sficcics of brigi oy Din Ciro a pirls of his pla ble of his se'cti been the vicliii pithy can be in who could alb mnrderers, like inenl. instead c il« assistance, i .\ iiK'eting at tl nipsns of checl trcited at Xa[i p\teiiiialinn, lie C vermiient it Tnlleuien or iii , .'.vincei, were nliich had all a Kiiropei, or De Hriiig ill the con under di.^rnssio voriiment also I line l> Iween Ih ulreidy ni"iilIoii all the secret soi 1 saw, [larlly ac ftai.ees which 1 ilishniiouralile ti men. .Siiiie we rniiii N,ipl»s, w p-tites. some Wl t' luie/voiis was I one, and the mo THE PRinfrr-HOIIIIEK. 99 liCM' wurlhipuliaii. , tlin lirst ill II:p I, «li( rii l><>n t II'. onlrrpiiff, nti'l ll-* ril ir>ll. ill n t»riii '. iiio Vard'iiplli ihf- . He ri'|>rr>rn|c>ii , lull ft ill sp|iar iif. In tivoid n prnrral PHJiily hrroiiic i'*- iitr liaiiiK nrr i..[ ■rd, niid inakr w,: IS nnnt\ as uo liirii. ■, it » ill tio I'l.np.: ppriirrd, llial il. i> iiiiliiiril In «n,' CKioii, overset itnn Iisivo was llir hc\: Sociiij; tlie iiiiii.ln <, wtiii II, iiiidi r 1',. imlilical cliaili;. . iisiirdit V, niid soun rrildc null rilosi.., ,— lir raiicifd tiiar. < of tlirsc. lie riMilii cr and rcvonjii", ki lief of a wondpriiil lie fell, not onr 10 wliolc extent o; onstitutionni or ab- ;gnr of his volarifv r to have CTcalfC icso niystrrinns ku mod the iinines, the l!iirn|ican Tatrii.ts. cd or (lefoliitP.) It corrcrt, lliesw" sec!) I llic moderate ami ninny and iiiani irty, nnglit to lia\f aw linw easily thci: verted, and to «lm irned. 'I'li^se asso. Decided" increa.-M (riivprninciit in ne- lilty, and Ironi tlw (.Mivernnieiil olVicrri lat priests v»-ero al- ilicalinns. lie^iiV* sii|ii'riiir talent nt >: 111 put liini al Ilir |l Cirinn fieillo, ri and l.cirpcri, fillea areh-priest Xiir!'i. ed liiiiiself, anil in eve, lio renewi il a ,iled llic iiiidniL'lit [red to whom tli« liinderatc and dern- Istrcnpth.lhey soni \\n and villape in | in 111" neighliour- JntasW-rs of solilurr Ivenly or thirty o: I yeenliar innpiration ,sliip, overran tlif I luliinellns, commit- 1 Inie, tiH> iiiiiiaturji I hy I ho prict idt natlniial liiitl'"< <' IreMiole villaw, n lainnitred (after In Viil!*, his prtiiiiisos I MS carnival tiiiit. | llier relntions i lof n daiieo anil 1 1 Jioro desperate sJ- II as Pnneliiiiellc'«- lis-p, where an en- 1 II as all the neirh- 1 , il is of e.inrse ml | III who the tlirnnc- Id hinisi'lf an ar liipply nf cxeellcil | liledged the e |)a8tti,ofadinirabl(| Ther tlien joined Ihedaneo, the dis|;nised priest so- l^^ljiij ilio happy and iiiisiis|>ecliiiK olijeet oi' his pas. 4IIIII. tor lii^ [Kirtiirr. After niiinorniis laraiitellaK, which, of all the dances 1 have seen, are the most enlcniateil to irritate vnluptuonsness, the party sat diiwii to an ihiindant cuiiiier, llie piinch-rnhlMT-priest still orenpyitiL' the ear of the beautiful /nirxirm, and only dptiichini; lii- -•iLiilinn friH'i her In make the parly drink. As liir |,i,„u>|l° ho merely tniiclied the wine with his lips, and m iPiiiained (lerfeetly snlier, whilst all Uic rest of tin men wero fa«l appr|iect of death induce him to niuko a aiii(;lo ex presiion of reniorae. He dwelt on tho beauty of his victnii, :ind his still cxistinf; mortification at his not havinv obtained her love, boasting that ho had not ofton been to disappointed. In places where open force could not bo employed, the most daring disciples were sent in secresy to watch the mnmcnl to execute tho sentences nf death pronounced in llie mvKlerioiis society. In this inannur, tlio sectary I'erone plnn^ed his knifo into the bowels of an old man of seveiitv — the res|ieetal)lc Dell* Aglio, of I'Vancuvillu. and afterwards massacred his wife anil servant, havini; inlrwlnced liiin«clf into their house, under pretence of delivering a letter ; and in the same manner, the Justice uf I'eai-e of I'lingo Itotniiilo and his wiliiWero assus. (iiiatej in tliiir own (.-a id, n. These blooily sectaries would not snn'er ueulrallly It WIS ab!!.>liitely neees-'ary to join them, or to live ex- (losed In their venieancp, which appeared to lie inoviln- ble. The sneiety would pass a secret sentence of death and p.-.iepnd at once In its exeeiilion.or, if necessary, an iiiilividual would lake the iill'ice upon himself, and wail days and nights, until ho eniild strike the blow. 'I'lie obi OLIO of the inniintains seemed risen Irnni the grave — the .Vpiilian sectaries were as sanguinary and unerring as bis tremeiidons satellites had boon. Tlievdid not invito tho supjiortof the rich proprietors and iirrsonsnf distinction, against whom their hnstililies iveretn lie directed ; but they unhappily found partisan: amon:r the less wealthy; and some fen nf the inlerinr <»enlrv, who were jealous of the high nobility, also joined tlirm. 'I'hesc men would prnhably have blushed at the idea o''b"co:niiighriganils,yet cuiild there Ih'U moredelcslah!e s(ireii's of hri^anrtajo, than what was revculed to them or Din Ciro and his associates ! Kven allowing that pirt< of his plan were not divulged lo the innro lospecta- ble of his sectaries, (who, in the long run, iinist have been the victims of tho nmro villanous,) yet what syin- pitbv can be inspired by the imlilical aspirations of men who could ally themselves with known robbers and murderers, like Aiiicchiaricoand Ids gang ? The govern- ment, instead of sumni'ming the opulent proprietors to it< assistance, ofleiided and disgusted llieiii by distrust. \ inceting at the fair uf (ialantina, to doliherato on the niejns of checking the disorders, was cried down, and trcited at XapU's as a revolutionary proceeding. In utennatinn, however, of this seeming iiiiprudciiee ol C verTinieiil it iiiiisl be nieniinned, that many nf these intleinen or iinlilenicn, resident on their estates in the , >.vincc<, were themselves members of secret societies, which bau all a political scope; they were not I'atrinti Hiiropei, or Decisi, but they were ('arbonari : — this I, brim in the country, but 11 Iw'foro and iiHer the events miller di..>russio:i, know very well — llie Neapolilan go- vernment also knew il, and they could liaidly draw i line Iclwecn the sects, tho objects of all ol ulilcli, ay alreiily ni"iilioned, wi re revoliilionary, and they feared illlbc secret societies alike. In tho winterof l!!l(i-17. 1 saw, [lartly aceiriinlally, and partly through cireiiiii. rl.ini-ps which I did nut >-ei:k, but which it would be ilislionoiirable to disclose, a rc-union of these gent le- mon. Sinic wero provincial nohihty, some iiolileiiicn Iroin Naplt.s, who oiil- occasionally rosided on their o-l-itis. some were snli-^tantial farmers. The hour nl mill, zmiis was inidiiiglit — the hoiifc selected a snlilary one, and the luctnbors of tho club canio Hingly, or in parlies of two or three each, on horseback, and u ilhoiit .iiiy alteiiifanlH, This ap|»enranee nl'iiiy^l'ry and ni^^lil- pliillini;, tlioiiQli sntlieientlv rniiianlic. dnl not eaplivate ine niueh, and young as I was, I conM in t help lieliiiii thai the milward and visil.le slmwiii!; of these naenera- tors or reliiriiMTS was against theni. .As one of the iiniiiiliateil, I was not adiiiilted totheir deblMralions; lint I was inliirined that they all tendi'il In the estalili>hiiienl III' a enii-iitiiiioiial govurnincnt in tho kingdom of the Two Sicilies, \\ lien the IK-eisi liecamr so formidable, tliese pcntle- ineii, however, showed the purity of their ihtentioiiH, hy aidiiii; the gn\eriiiiK'iit 'o tlicir iilniost, as sihiii as ninie energy was shown, and by i-o-oiK-ratiiig with tieiicral ('liiireh, with whom many indikidiials of this class served h )lli as olfn ers and piiv.;te volunteers, Itiit at the same lime, (*eiieral r,istore, coininandant nf these prnviiiecs, anil the Mar'|uis riedicatella, liitend- aiit of I.ei'ce, inllamcd parly spini by iiniialing the sys. Iciii of Ci. iiosa,* and setting up private siK-ietics to work ajiaiiist private soiaeties : the M.ilinnal i;inr(l. under their orders, suirercd itself to lie partly seduced hy tho I'a- Iriuti and Decisi scclnrii s, and n fiiiiiilM-r of soldiers and some otiicers nf the Crown battulinii of reserve wore similarly corrupted. The numlier of these daring sectaries Ind arrived nt its greatest height in the mniilli nf December )M7, nr of January Irtlll. At this [lorind they were estimated at i!U,()(IO iiieiil 'I'lie mass of tliciii lived at home, in ap- parent lroni|uillity, on llic produce of their prolcssions ; but Ihcy were net tho less active in coniinitting uiilicnrd- of crimes, as their detection was the more liillicull. I'cr- sons have been known, when in the |Hjwor, and under tho daggers of those riitlians. In si:;n contracts for the sab' of their houses or lands, the olijects of llie cnpidilv of tlie.,.e desperadoes; the contracts wereeveeulcd in aji the forms of the law, and acknowledgments were given by the unfnrtimalo owiicis tor euhij which tiicy had never received. The sittings of these societies were, al first, in the night, like the more res|iectahle re-iminn I have mcn- lioiied, and weie earcfnlly guarded by sentinels; theii inililary exercises took place in solitary houses, or sup- pressed and descrtei' convents ; hut taking courage bv degrees, they were al\erwards see i |s-rli)riiiing llieii evolutions by day, and in the open air. Mo>t ol' them had fire-arms : all fiad poniards. They also began In organise tt corps of cavalry. The patient of this society siiflieiently explained its objects. It was an ob'oiig, si|uare paper, or parehinent. Two of the angles were ornanicntcd with a skull, over one of which was inscrils'd "Sadness," and llie word ■'Death" over the other, Tho opposite antrles had cross-bones, with the inscriptions "Terror" and" Mourn- ing," ^)ii the top nf the patent were the fasces and the cap of liberty, planted U|K)n a death's head, and sup- ported by two axes. At the bolloin was a tliiinderliolt darting from a cinud, and shivorinip tho rnyal crnwiis and the pupal tiara. Strijies nf yellnw, reii, and blue, the tri-cobiiir of the society, surrounded the patent, 'i'lu words of tho patent were tlicsc : " The Salentine Dccibion. Health. N° Grand Masons. "The Decision of .lupiter the Tliundercr hopes lo make war against tho tyrants of the I'niyerse, &.c." (Tlicsr irorils nf tr/drli oii/y tlie iiiilials irrrr gi'rc/i, ircrf irrillin in liluinl,iis were several oilier jmrls of lite iloeu- meiil.) "The mortal is a Ilrother Decided. N°. — , be- longing to the Decision of Jupiter tho Thunderer, spread over the fiicn of Ihe earth, by his decision, has had the pleasure of belonging to this Salentine Kepub- • 'I'lii' lih! ill' this iiinil partis 111 .niil plninr. llie i-rinreni'Cnnns-i. w until lie as iiiiMiMMi! tis iliiii III' any i-iili-|iir.-itiii er liriL'aiul cIik ( III' WHS 111,' iiii.ri lanniii' ,,r tnyali-ls. ami tiiiKi, it lie coliiil piil iliiwiitlii I'arli ii:iri,iir iilir.illlii fais, hy iin .'insiirili,, MH'ii'i\ nt itie I'al.iainri, i nl ".i-lliiurl,iin'i,is. IIIimmI.'iihI ptiimler wrrennililiu,' ii liis !')'», pi<,,iitiil iliiy w.rki'il tiir llie kini; auil llii- Inilf lailli ^■^ I Iti'Wiis a (■ I ■nlitiiiiis man, tl>oriiiii.'til)' ciMi\liit'i il ul tin ^.'. ii'tliiissnt' liis Kiiiiiu'— a pni t with <,.ti-iit> riltl,' h. nil teat |M,wer ; ini'liiiia I,, anil inlr.i.Mv niiiiiitite in priviue socn'ly, anil, like tin ■ IM III ,\li:ii r>. \ri> 1 1 ,il' I liH'ks ami wnlrhi's. Aliiniiy m, ri'ii' , Il I'Vrlllllc |ia--,il ill llie ^anle ronrc*-^,, :/,.»>' wiili him, Hint -"v, ril nil' iitii'« »iili the rnnioiis rnpl . . Itnnn, •> ' 1 was a very ilil'irent ilinraciir, with noihins nf li, iniiii r iiniiliiniu .'ilioiil lilm. Imheil. I iniilil hIiiicisi s.ay nl Mm whal I.I I I 111 • 11 ill. I 111 All ('a«lia, nf Ji.aiiMina, thai li,' was nO' .if llii' niii-l iini ali'e. liilitli'inanty nhl renlli'ineli I ever iner. (\i, ilin.il II (itn I « n«, ti' .vM'\ ir, iin ni.ire an Mi I'lislia ilian n ( 'anl)^ i. Tlil» veiieraliti' priiiii' of lli,' llunriii rinireli wa« vt r\ iinllaiil, anil iiini I, pliasi'it iviiti ihi' -.III, .1 ...' ludic-., wli.iiii, iji.iii'uver, lit: r-viueil ii. )i(iKserblli art iit plcsat^. licaii Decision. We invite, tlieiefore, all pliilanlliriipic <(ii'ii'ties III 'end llieir .-Irotin' arm In itie same, ami lo is-i-l liiiii in his W' lit-, he liai illu eniiie l.i the Dei i^l-ill, that he will iilitain Liberty or Death. Duled tins d.iy, the nl , iVc." Here folluwed three signatur s wrillen in bl'sid. Isl. tlf the firand .Mast, r, with liiiir points after il, which indieatrd his power of passing sciiteiiie ul'dcilli.* 2l\. Ol'tlic .Second Dei tdeil. •Id, Ot'tlic UeL'istcr ot' the Dead, whose {'nnetioiis did not ret.'ite lo the ileccased meiiiber:: of the sneiety, lei I to the vii'tims they iiiimolated. and nf wlioiii they kept a re(;ister apart, on the niar:.'iii of vvliieh wcru tijniid blaHpheniins and niost internal projects. The excesses nf such a sneiety, directed bv such a man or iiion-'ti'r, tis Ciro Anicchiarien, may be easily eniieeivi il. Itiil they were now ilrawiiii.' to their i lo^ . Ceneral Church, armed wiih the royal Alter- l^gi, r with t'lill and iinliiniled |iower, was sent into tlir-e ili"- tracled provinces, wlieto Ins ei,,'rgt'tie ami pniil.iit conduct cannot ho too niiicli praised. He cros:.ed the river DIanto in the .'\piiliaii plain with I .'I II I men, chielly of the Ihreign regiinent'i in llie Neapolitan ser- vice, tiirined by himself; among them were somn com- panies of ( avalry. Ho could depend ii|H)ri this force, uliicli was for llio greater part composed of (lennans, ."'W iss, .Morcotes, and Albanians, The solifcry already ill tho country were only to bo depended upon, after they had witnessed the firm detcrniination willi which the geneial set about his duty, and after the factious individuals, contaminated hy Ihc sectaries, had lieeii weeded out. The atne was the case with the mililia. Kncouraged by the example set them i y the diikea of San Cesurco and .Monle Jasi, and others nf iha nobility and wealthy proprietors, sr\er;\l iiiiliv iilnals even nf the lowest class, furnished iiil'irmalioii ciiieerii. :iig Dull Cirn and hid soctaii:'>, und joined heart .-iiiil hand in the nicasnres :iir Ihcir c lerniitialion, I'ho :ear of not being supported had nitliertn prevented these hnnesl men fioiii acting ; hilt siiil the gieatcr part ■ if tho inli'rior older were shy and silent, iiiainlainiiig a line of conduct which indicated thai they wnnlil not hesilaln lo declare liir the scelaiies, it' the hitler should sneceed against (lencral CImreli. This wa . particularly observed ill the in i;;lili.inrho.Ml of Taraiitn, at Cn.tla- :.'ln>, S.in .'Mai/aiin, M.'iitina, and Krane.iiilla. the usual haunts nf DonCiio Aniechiai ieo ;iiiil his fii.'nds. When iHiieraU'liureh first visited these places, the inlnibitanls looked on in gloomy silence, and no person salnteii him ; a poor old iiii.nk was the only pi ri.ii whohuwed t.i hini. The bandils and Ihe banislicd were sntninone.l li .r the la.'-l lime hiliirc Ihc mval cominis.-iin at I.ecci .i Don ' Tin > ^lalli'll•( ri'il w iili m.-tliml niiil snl iiinliy. nr at li a'l, ifi. y \\ rre I'litiiilli'il SI) 1.1 till liv til. 11 lii',llliili(ili„. As sniili ;i- llli' si I la ri. ■, i'iii|il.i\i,l on tliis MiMi'i' I inii.l II i mum uii'iil in i Itiit ih.ir |illl|>..M', at till' hil'lial nl 111" lirsl lll.l.'l of ,'1 niillini t till') llll>ll. llllli'll It, I'll i!a:!ui'i>; il.i'\ aiiii.tl tli.'i.t al tin ir \ n lim nl tli.' si i .>ii'l li'a-l ; .11 till! ttliril llieV' tir'.llna'h apinnn tie.l Itieil », il|ililis in Ills litiil>,t ; anil HI the tiinnll, " Willi I'l.; elillni.-la^m," In il^e ttirir rannihal taiii^iiiiue, llii'> p!iiiii:ril iIm'Iii inlii lii> ti'.ily ! Tla'.-c t'liiir li.'i>.-Is wire ',\liitin!i>i'it 1.) tile f.'lir 1I.1I.S al'h r llli'i;ianil .Ma.-t.'Ts liliine. Win 11 ihe II' I'i '. wrnte to ail\ mil', lint of tlie erit'T, In I'M, i t I'l.nlrilni' tioiis. i>r 111 eninnii.nil him In ilo aii,v tlilni: — if ttnsi, liiiir pniil'A ivi ri' nil the IKiiHT, it was kii >w n that ttii' ,h rsnii tiny tiililie^M U was eulltti'llini'il tn llralll. in rll'^" nf llt-ntii'itii'iici'. If llin |M,'liTs WI re lint iii'ii'iii'il, he was llireaii'ir 1! wall niililer pnnistiini'nt, siii li as lav'ills Wlistv hs tieUls, in Inirliiiiu Ins lloiii,i', t The exri'tatile exri'sses nf llie sei'iel Mieii'lit's liail spjeail in tlill ni'j'.'liliniirlinnil nf l.i'Cei . w liirli IS a lart'e and tiiii' 1 ily. A niiiiiln r "f irspei'llllilL' vnilliu llli'li were iliMl ti il hy tile spilil nf invsliriMii, .mil snilileiily liecnme fiiiianr anil liln.i.ty-i'iiiiitnl. '1 Im maitiiesri thai |iri'Vllll''il was nlliinst nm'reiiniilnl'ti'', Al C.il'.ipnii, Itie U'lal ''i:-iii.'irl, wli.ili is ati.1111 u\.iil\.Iivi' mill's iriiiii Itii' I'ilx nf I.e. re, -I'M rat v'.tii'iL' liii'ii, w III iii'iirly all nf w In. in I Iinil Ii'tii nriiiieinti'il, -iir|iri>*i'il a tniin^iiriii in •' live urnv^ ne ir In tin In ::nilfiit v il '.i Wire nil vi'ty vniini-' till 11-- -I'l.ii' .1 iln m in. r.' slnplin'-^ 1 im ivii-'ilie -nil 111 nil olil lirnk.T anil t'i'L'lisli lull riili'i' r, In wli.'in I i.nil I, ail riiinilii n|i|s.rnniitii'.- nf III 11 u si r\ii . nliic, un.l w I n n ni l.inl fii'Mi Ill Mill this v. r, v.niili III 1,.' Ill', ttinl'' ant 1.11 1 nni il'iniiLh the rnimlrv. 1 bait alw nys fniii.it liit.i hmii'^t iiint l-iiiil tienrli'.l. very inli'lili;eiii, anil i|iiii'i, I'M 11 I I,lle^^ In his 111.. I. '.t'is. .\ l.rniliiT 111' lii>, Willi w.is alt. I a I'll .It ill nt well 111. , Mill aVn. tn alt ai.jii'nra.ir.'. 11 ii;n-l liniinl.li' ;. "iinu ii.aii, .!i.l iiiili't i' inlin-i ai..riii nil' mil' ilay w hell 11 iiiHirn nf i;.illi|inli. 11 calr.inuom.i. ai ,1 "lie ill |H>wer, thnnuht iriili.rln ill-nli me. fur liedelilieiul.ly ntt'eriil I" l.tkr iii^iii Inmsi'if ti.e nil. re 1,1 11 I ahum lii ;.', ueil In tjiiii'i llm tiiitti 1,1 atlltll^l in the Hiirk. Iliil tin.- w ,'ia an 1 liltllltl. 11 of ^.atiln.ic t'.'r ine ! Win 11 Ills pnn Was in prirnii, the pnur iilil fatla r, w Im wfH till II 4)a^l lii^ I iiilitii'th .\i-ar, winii' in nu'in N'aple.'^ In li t:. if i Innl any I i)iiaiii:aiire nr iiiteiiKI with )'i r>ons nlmni the Cnnrl, to inaki an lipln.iiiiiiiinravuiunfthc ynichriilniinili n 1. I hail not anil slum Id w r 100 LIVES OF HANDITTI AND KUBBICRS. !'•. ': iS» V.-* » .' ■. • r :^^ . I' f i ' J, 'it. ;i 1'^ Ciro Hilt ill Ins jiHliliiMliuii, (u iiiiwl riMiiarlnilile ri>ni- posiliiin, with ('tiiisi(h>rnt)lf ('Iui|I10ii(t and in^c^iiiiily, nnt) more iiiiiiiKlcMco lliaii <,:iii oiilcr uur i'i)iiri'|>liciiis ; i but Uiiowiii;; liis piiriloii Id Ui Ii(i|il"1p.ss, iiislriiil of |iri'seiiliiip; liiiiiiiell ill iitMMiii, liu prc'iiiircd to (IfliMid liiiiisult' hy Ins reclaiii's ami ariii:>. (iiMicral (linrcli llioii iniiilc his niilitury (lisposiliuns. Mi! (lividoil liin troops into inoviiabit' colunins, am! placed j;iiriisiiiis iipiiii soiiiu poiiitswlioio llic}' wiro absolutely rt'ipiircd, lillicr iVoiii llioir coiiiiiMiidin;; IIir vast plains ol'tlio country, or U'cuuso llioy were strong enoii?,'!! to Berve as placcH ol' retreat I'or tlin brijjaiids. 'I'lio imivc- able coliiniiis all operated towards ii coniinon centre, by jrradually eoiilracliiij; the circle wliieli cni^iraeed llie towns ol' (irultaylie, .San Marzano, and Trancavilla. t-Hlier columns ol' rci^ervo accompanied tlic yenural, who procpeileil, with the rapidity orii^'htniiijr, wherever the spies hud traces oj'C'iro Aniecliiarico. At tirsl, contident in liis resourres, iiiatetial and moral, llie hri;;aiid-pricst set u price on the head of the hold Hiiijlislimaii, but the general's proeeidingssooii nii- di'ioivi li him. and he was lie.ird In murmur, w liilu liiliiip; Jiis llmnih in token of raj;e and dis.ippointment, "This is a dill'erenl sort of man from those ihey have hitliertn sent airaiiist me 1 I have fooled many a j,'eiieral— Kriiich, Kalian, and Neupolitan, but this one will end by iimknii; a liml of me 1" lie beffaii to perceive that liis rcsoiircoi, bocamo day by day weaker and weaker; his credit with l.'io people of thucumilry was no longer what it had been; his jirislifir wan cclipseil to their eyes, and he had to dre.^d that tlio-^e u ho were still faitlil'nl to him, would .soon fall from his side. If he could, he would then have escaped from tlin country which had so lon^' trembled at hi^ name, lie privately reached Iho port of Urindisi, where he altcinphMt to embark; but the captain of the vessel rei-njrniscd him, and deniamh'd JtlOO ducats as the price of Ins safely; not having them about him to give, he wrote 1(1 his friends, '.vlio refused to advance the sum. I'resYid and siirroinuled more and mori^ closely, pent in the arc iia, tii d to the stake, IJon Ciro resolved to risk u general rising of such of his allies as continued des- perate, and a pitched batthi with the royal tioops. lie fixed the '.ITth of rebruary I^IS for this purpose, and appointed the place of rendezvous nndrr the walls of San .'M.ir/.ano, but his linal catastrophe preceded that date. ( 'no .\niecliiaiico sil out from (Jioltaglie on the "-.'."illi iif.laniMry l^l">, with forty liorscnuii and ten foot. At twoo'clo'k in the alti riiuon he fell in with u detach- ment nfticneral ''hureh's cavalry, coiinnandeil by Cap- tain Moiilorj, who charged him, and drove him as far us .\evieru,a farm at the loot of Ihe hill of .Sin Marzano. tiro there made a short stand, and llieii retreated up to the loHii itself in tolerably good order. Cipl.iin .Monlorj I'ullowed and atlenipted to enter by Ihi' slei p and narrow path which wnnnd up to the town: linl Ciro and his adhcrinls of S.iii Marzano repulsed him. 'I he ollieer then tin lied the hill in order to scale it un the side of .Maiiilnria, but lliere too he w\is ri'ceivei' by a Nhiivvcr ol' hills, lie observed, however, thai these were the same iiieii who had repulsed him in the foriner at. tiinpt and had fnlhnved his moMiiieiits, and hcnei' coii- clndi d lliev were not siiHi'iently numerous to deleiid all the points III oiii'c, and thai he shniild gain his objei I by deei iviiig ilieiii, Ciiiieealing himself In hind one of the g.nden walls, he drew the robbers' allenlion by (iring a carbine or two in that direction, iiiid llieti he blldileiily iip|H>ared in Ihe opposite ilireiiion fillowed by most ol Ills men. The stratagem siici ei'di'd : Alontorj entered Sin Marzano, and liie panic-slriiek followers oft 'iro ilis. piMs d. The great object was Imieenre Ciro; bill he was iiol to he found: he had made another (perhaps the Imn- ili'citllij of his wonilcrl'nl I'scipcs, and was sale in the open eonmry bejiirc Ihe infinli'y of a ,no\eable eolinnn arrived, which it ilid iminidi.ilely alter his llight i'loin Ihe liiwn. An iiislant ccusiN was taken of Sin Mar/ano, the mayor of which niiggcslcd lo .Major lliimchi, the <'oiii- mandcr of the cohmin, i> mitliod of disiuivering Ihe de. Iiiii|ilenl«. livery house wan seiirclii r"ilii'iH hi'lil n vciy o'lui laiMi niiiiill..ii In (lie rii«)iitii«. Tile (lie ilnil Ilia liiil ill ilii. lie. Ilia III iIm'i"' |ieii|ili', iiiiilir an CMC rinr et tiiilolciice iiiiil ii|mttiv, la nNinitlkliinii mel iV.iM'tii. \m i|m'\ now nri'.UK'v iiiiiv 111' inrtaiiii'il iiir e\iry ixll. VV. re tlii'.i iHiielliifl hv Mliiinlliin mill iionil nm iriimi Ml fur a few ||iiiii raiinif, iliiy nit|;Mt htrnnie n naiion oriii'im'ii, and |H)wdcr. Vito .Scrio, the brothers h'ranccsco and Aii- gclo \'ilo I.ecce, liatl'acUe Zaccharia, and Piitro liar- linzzi were arnsted, and all executed on the .'id of Kebru- ajy at l''raiicavilla. 'I'hcir heads were placed in front of the church of San .'Marzano. This church was blown down by a hurricane some months alter, and the hcails were buried liencath ils ruins. .Major ilianchi al.so took the bhic:k standard, and the insignia and dccnr.ations of Don Ciro, which liencral Church forwarded to Naples, Hlieri' they were prescnti' ry individual they might meet bearing arms. Me thus tcrrilicd the towns-people uiid ipiclied the liniiull. (Jencr.il Chureli then arrived in |K^rson: the troops con- centrated on l''raneavilla, where a military commission was established lo try the ontkiws. I)— .i Ciro had now hem missing lor si.< or seven days; not a word had been heard of him since his escape from .San .Mikrzano, but the general t'ancying he could not be I'ar otV, and that he was still ill intimate correspondence with some individuals in that low , threatened it with plumi' r and dcstriiclion, unless its inliabil.ints ciiahh'd him to secure the |iersnn of the robber-priest within eight tiays. Trembling for ihcir houses and property, the miUtiu ol' ,San Marzano ihen undertook lo pursue l^on Ciro, and on the (ith of I'.briiary they beset him in the ningtiirta (or larin house) o.'Sea.serba, not above ten miles from (iciieral ChurchV i|uarters at l'°ranca\illa. 'i'lic masserie in Apulia and Ihe provinces of Hari, Dtninlo, and 'l'aranlo,are all built on the same plan, and are very enpalile of defence. 'I'lie word is not rendered by "farm-house," which gives but an inadcipiati^ idea of the ma.sseria. Tliey ilale from the period when tlio in- enrsiiins of the 'I'urks anil pirates were apprchemk'd, and when the country people hIiuI llieinsclvcH up in their strongholds with tluir cattle and most valuable eirccts, in order to secuic themselves from altack. A square wall of enclosure, suMicicntly high and solid, generally surrounds llie dwelhng-liou.se, liiiilt against one side, uiul contain- ing three or fniir l.irge haliitahh' rooms, and sonietimcs a small chapel. 'I'he vasl stables, granaries, and out- houses, williin the walls, form a rigid ungKi with this dwelliiig-huuse, but without touching it. In the midst of the cnehisure, at some distaliei' from the burrounding walls, rises a rounil or sipiare lower of two slorii s, sland- ilig ipilte idiille. The ilsi elll to the upper slory is cither by stone steps, inserit d in the lower, by a drawbridge, or by a laihler easily drawn up into the tower. This iksiriplion will enable llic reader lo understand how Don Ciro could make so long a resistance in the masse- ria of Scaserlia. I|i^ had arrive d at this lonely place with some of his comrades worn oul willi faliguc, and had thought he could M'Ulurc lo repose hiniself the ic I'or a Itw' hours. It was said that he had previously provided .Seaserba and many other lonely niasscrie ol the dislrici with arms, amimniilion, and some provisiuns. Me was surprised at Ihe sudden and hoslile apparition of the mililia of .San Marzano, bill nntal all iilarmed, making sure he could cut his way throngh them whenever he clnw. Mad he rush- ed out at one.', he might have done so. M< oily slaycd where he was, nnd li I Iheni liiriii before the gale of the masserie. So strong was his spell on Ihe minds of these men, lliat for a long time they hesitated to approach »illnii range of his iii\er erring musket — the first that lid so, he shot dead frniii Ihe outer walls 'I'liis delay, however, cost him dear. The mihlia of San Miiizano, though not brave, w< re this lime in earnesl, and having elll informalion lo l.ieiilcnanl l''onsmorlc, slatioiiid nl 111.! "Caslelli," a posilioii belwciii ttrollaglie and rran- cavilla, that ollieer hastened to the spot witli forly men of regular troops. .\h this liircc came in sight on the edge of the plain, Don Ciro bit Ins thuiiih until it bled, loi he iiiidi rslood licit a vigorous attack was lo Ih' made, and ri treat was now ho|H less. Me somi, Iiowcvit, ji coviicd Inn preHcnee of miinl, end locking up the poor people of the masserie in the slraw-maKazine, nnd put. ling the key in his pocket, he retired wilh his des|i<'rali followers lo Ihe lower. Having iisceiided lo the iippi r story, Ihey drew in Ihe ladder aller lliciii, and proceeded to loail all llieir giiiiN, of wlin li Ihey had a gixMl niimlnr. It was now evening; Ihe darkmss of night smm kuc- eeidcil the brief twilight of tin south. Tlul night must have been n sli'cpless one liir Don Ciro, though im u|. Icmpt was mafic at storming his Ktronghold. The iiiorii. ing dawn, however, alt'orded hiiii no eomliirt, for Cupliiiii Corsi had awived from b'rniieavilla with u detachnient of gens-d'armes, and soon alU r .Major Diunchi came lo the ticld wilh other reinlbrciiiicntsi 'I'he siege of SiMserba was uow forincil by one hiin. dred and thirty-two soldiers; the militia, on whom lillle dc{Hiiiliiice was placed, beiii^ utalioned in the kccoiuI line, and ut some di.slance. Don Ciro vigorously delindcil the outer walls and the approaches to his lower from sunrise to sun.set. In lliu night he attempted to cscaiio, but the neighing of horsn made him suspi el that some cavalry had arrived, whuse pursuit it would lie impossihle to elude, and he saw piquets all around the masscria. Me Ihircfore retired, ntlcr having killed, with a pistol-shot, a volligeur st,i. tioiicd iimkr the wall he had atteiiipled to scale. He again shut hiniself up in his tower, and emplnycd liim. self all night in making cartridges. .\n alh moon, hvu nighls, and a whole day liad been spent, anil Don Ciro w.ns still masler of the wlioh^ enclosure, and the outer walls of the niMsMcrial At daybreak, the besiegers tried to linrst open the! strong wooden gate of the outer wall: ( iro and his men creeping from the tower and under the wall by the gate, repul.sed the assailants, killing live and wounding lijiirlccn of the soldiers. A ham 1 of oil wiis then rolled to the gate, in orck'r to burn it. The lirst 111.111 who set lire lo it was shot through the heart. But ils Haines conimimicatcil to the door, which was 8oii him, which he said In' wiiiile! iiave' taken in the tower had not his eoMl|iuiiieiiia prcve lite d him. The' besiegers and llieir eaplives now marchcil olT liir I'Vane-nvilla. Don Ciro eonveTsiel imiellv enough all III" way wilh .Major lliani hi, to w lioiii lie ri'laleil the prini i- pal I'lri'uiiisl.iiiee'S of his most e'ntraordmarv life'. In prison hi' was lepially calm. Me only ap|M'nri'el I" he' inliri-liil for Ihe fate' of koiiic of his piiriisans, or Ih- i-iHi : he ill clan (I lliiit llii y had Imcii coiii|Klled by Inn Ihii'als and Iheir own liars lo do whatever they liial done , Hill he' cnlrialiel thai llicy iniglil iiol be' |K;rse'i'iiti'el, I til being plae I'd Inliire the council of war, presided liy Ml uU ii.int t oil 111! 1 1 iiiarini, he addressed n sjh c cli lo lli.il 7 ollii:cr. 111 plroiig ar "l»ii tl ( 'csiireo a glie, 1 wu a ruincel coveri'el at ten til iiierey pre lure lojue 'i'liink of iiieri'y 1 h On be in ing (ieiiicr epiielly res e':ipito," (1 worel. I Aller SCI I triKtiieed h I religiiin. ; lea\e alone ■ trade — iloii' ' On licinj military coi persous he aiisHcrcd, ' and seventy .\s he J-'oiisnieirle', llie masscri: Ciro had adi him, " If i u 'I'lic street were' liMi'd w cd with spec On Ilis ill walked with 111' shot stanil iliil so, pre'si'i I'lld that mall tliiir Ixieks le plied, with a I dill so, he ad iie:ir lo him, I all' not all su yon I" lie spoko I iliers tired nt lulls took clFoi anel imillcred kliot to put an all the' eillice'rs IH'upIc, who li 111 liiin, we're c IMS- oflile, wl " .\s soon as V siri'illsly, "ill oivii musket i Sjn II." Thus fell in life, dating fro .\iiicchiarico, s.ive that his c iiluiiil it, but w iililc; Ihat he v iloipie'iie'c, Ihen 1.1 classical alli defects of his ( The reader liny feel Homo i-aiiguinary se'i The ilay alV ennmnil niiioi I'riiic.ivilla lo " d III the wi er rclativcM of noil of llieir h< • Imiii. Kill till ncr e'xprt'sae'd "lliirs we re' so III. ralhir llniii li roeioiis iniliti Craiid iniuiter, I till ikail— the I 'I'he inililar\ liniiiheil anil tv I'l lllese, liuvlll lime of nriiiK, < i"id Iheir lieudi itiiili'tic*, or in ROMAN BANDITTI. 101 , tliuugh no lit. llll. 'I'Ih' llKHll. iliirt, InrCupUiiii u (Ictac'liiiii'iit III' lulii I'uinc to the ncil by our Inin- I, nn wliuni litl!r II in thu Kt'C'Diiil vr walU anil the f sunset. In iliu ,i(;liin(r ol'liorM's ill arriviil, wlioiv iilr, anil he; I'liw thci-ctbi'i' ri'tirrd, , a volti);iMir stn. ctl to sraii'. He III imiiloyril liiin- \n aHi moon, Ihh anil ItiinCiio w:n 111 tin; outir walls pisii'ju'rt" trii'il to r llic onirr wall. wir ami uiiilir tin; :h, killintr tivi' aial Imrril of oil was I it. 'I'lif lirsl mail 10 lii'uit. Unt Its li wan soon ucfi-s- trcat to liis towir. lianclii ut bay, Imil il he not rort;otti'n irjre, i8 uiioortain; or was liroujilit to ot'tbo tower, i'lils If I ill's ami hriiks npiMT to tin- lower suliaMeil with tlie ,\ oulil not apiiroacli le way of lirioK M Hanie time, ami in veness, be was lor- e bail l"or(;ott<-n 1" never coulil ilriiik bis eoiii- oneral l^uneli, mil ; tben to Hi" bail tlie nmienl ve pi-ople ot' ili>- so abselil, be eon- :inelii. <>n tin ir anil tbrew the in III that he sbniilil iin he bail Kill.. I (I the laililer, di ■ a himself to tin Kceonii, Omi lis ollieei. 111 (I bow mnnv «' "■ y .h'I'emieiriii'iii- oiilv three — Vilo lele ('ll|ipoli. were honibly I"'- e was no aii|ii:.i- leir loiinliiiaiiei », r, were firm anil ni{ Don ('iro ilnl hers wan, to lii'il eousuiniii)! IbirM. il them to liheriili' lei'ii loekeil ii|i :ill ileelari'il that tlie.V t of their |ilaie of iiioni! Iliem. 11' eliiil mill lioiiiiil Iwhnli be said In lit bin t'oiniiiuiioaii Iw mareheil o(V I'm Tllv iiiiin!;li all III" Irilnteil the |irimi- ■ imiry life Illy apiH'nre parlisiins, oi ilt'i "' i'om|K'lleil by 111" I hiilevi r lliey III"' Lot !«• iHirfTiiiiiil \f war, pre^i^lell hy il sKjuccli lo tlul staking liiiii for tienernll'liurcb. Ainuiii; other Plronit arijunie iits he used, was this — Oil tlie ilay that you, jreneral, with tlic Duko of San anil only a few Ik oil (> 'I'he ilialli of Don Ciro and his prineipal aeeoiiipliees reconnoitri Ijlii, 1 was tliero, with several ot mine, concealed behind a ruined wall, elosc by the gate where you entered. 1 lovered you with my riHe, nud 1 never missed my aim ut (en tunes that distance ! Had not tliu leelings of iiieny prevailed in iiiy liosoni, ]|;eiieral, instead of lieinjr lure to judire me, you would have been in your grave. 'I'liliik of liiis, sigiiur )reiierul, and let mo meet with the mercy 1 have shown !" On biinjr informed of bis mistake, lie insisted on see- ini; (ieneral t'hureh; when tiiis was refused bill), be niiietly resifrned biiiiself to his fati', drily sayiii},', " Jlo eapilu," (1 understand.) IJe did not pronounce another wmd. ,\lter sentence of death was passed, a missionary in- tiinliieed himself, and ottered him the consolations of ri liyioii. l>on t'iro answered him with a smile, " Let us li;ne aluiie ail this .stutV and prating! we are of the same li-;iJi — don't let us laugh ut one anoliier!" ( )n being asked by Captuin Montorj, reporter of the iiiililary eommission whieh eondenined him, how many pi r.Mius he had killed with his own band, he carelessly answered, " Who can tell ' — they may be between si.ily and seventy." As he was led lo execution, he recognised Lieutenant I'liiisinorle, the ollieer who had been the fust to arrive at Ihe iiiasseria of Scaserha with his regular troops. Uoi Cim had admired bis leadiness and courage, and said to hiiii, " If I were king, I would make you a eaptain." 'I'lii- streets of I'Vaneavilhi, through wliieli lie passed, wc re filled with |iiwiple; even the house-tops were crowd I d with s|K.'ctators. 'I'liey all preserved a gloomy silence. On his arrival ut the place of exeeution, Koii Ciro walked with a firm step to bis fatal (lost. lie wislied lo he shot standing — hut they ordered hiiil to kneel, lie illil so, presenting his breast to tiie soldiers, lie was then t lid that malefuctors, like himself, were always shot with tin ir Imeks to the soldiers; "It is all the siiiiie," he re- piii il, w ith a smile, and then be tnrrieil bis back. As he ihil so, he iidvised a priest, who persisted ill remaining 111 ar lo him, to withdraw, " ("or," said be, " these fellows ,ire not all such goisl shots us 1 lm»c been — Ihey may bit VMM I" He spoko no more — ibo signal was given — the sol. ili. rs fired at llio kneeling pricst-robber. 'I'wenly-one ImIIs U)iik elVeet — four ill the head I Vet he still breatlieil uiiil liiiiltered ill bis throat; it r.'qiiired a Iweiily-sei oiiil hhnt to put an cud to him ! 'I'iiis liiut was eonlirmeil by iill the ollleers and soldiers present ut bis exeeution. The pi'.iple, who bad always attributed supcrmitural powers III liiiii, were eoiifirmed in their bidief by this tenaeious- 111 s . ol' life, w bit b was, indeed, little short of miraculous. " \s soon as we |M'reeiM'd," saiil one of the soldiers very M ri'iusly, "ibiil Doll t'iro was enchanted, we loaded bis liWii imisket with u silver ball, and this destroyed the ►pill." Tliiis fell in If'H, alter filleen years of u most lawless hii, dating from his Jealousy and first murder, Don Ciro .\iiiei hiarieo, of whom little elsu remains to bu said, hive Ibat his counleiiaueo had nothing ut all repulsive iilniiil it, hut was, on the contrary, ruther mild ami agree- iililc; that be wns innslir of tt verbose but most inrsiiasivo I linpience, tboiigb pidniilic in bis style and over adilietid I.I classical allusions mid inllated phrases — the general ili'feels of liis countiymm, the Nea|iolitaiis. The reailor who lias seen the destruction of tlielrlicnd, }; The day aller the death of Don Ciro, ten ot llic innsl ciiininul among tlieiii were led through the streets of I'r.iiicavilla lo exeeution: two or three of them rceog 1111(1 at Ihe windows the falbers, the soiih, the widows or relatives of those they bad iissussinaled by Ihe deei Mini of their horrid secret tribunal, and asked |iiiriloii of till in. Hut thcso were the only men among them wliii ever expressed the least feeling of reiHiilHiiee. All the nlhcrs wire no liuribiied and liimilieiil, that Ihey gloried happily put u stop to distiirbaneii*, and to that atrocious system wbieli had tbroalencd to take a wider range. In a short timi' peace was ri'slored to the ilesolaled pro- vinces, (Jeneral Church used his absolute iiower w ' here of some interest, a sort of jimriiiil was kept of ■very thing inatcriiil. During the last li \v days of our itav at I'oli, the iiilirest had takiii in ilh admirable discretion. I'iVeii bis enemies soon admired, and then loved him. His established principle was, to listen lo, or receive no accusations against political i>pin- ions, or connections with secret societies; but be piinisli'il crimes and deeds of violence with severity, lie caused the accused to he tried willioiit ileliiy; hunted out \a- grunts; and dismissed from their situations all such government ollieers as coulil not he depended upon. In- stead of seizing the people's arms without an ciiiiivaleiil, he eaiLscd their full value to be paid, lie thrcaleni d with death such artisans as should d -e lo iiiiinulaeliire pro- hibited arms. He exhorleil Ihe confessors to endeavour to obtain possession of the poniards, or to oblige the peni- tents to throw them into deep wells. The city of l.ecce, grateful lor the blessings of restored tranipiillily. voted a statue to the king, and a sword of boiiniir to (o neral Church, with the freedom of the city. .\nil finally, in April, IHI!I, llie following consoling circular was issued by the Neapolitan government. "'I'lie reign of Ihe assassins being at an end, and all the provinces lr:ui>|nillisetl, it is resolved, in order to c\- tingnish their memory, thai Ihe heads of the malcl'aetors exeeuled ill pursuance of the senlences of the militaiy eommission, and which are exposed under the eliurch towers, and other parts of the towns, shall he taken down and interred, and that the places where they were ex- posed sliiill Ih' entirely cleaned and while wiished. This letler shall be read by tbu areli-priests in all the ehiirehcs." This narrative is ehielly taken from u very curious, but, I believe, little known volume on the Carbonari, written by V„r Lite Itiron llerlholdi, though published anonymously in London. The portion of his voluini' which eonlaiiis the adven- tures of Ciro .\niicliiarieo, marvellous as il at limes may ippear, is perli'clly correct, for i was in the country at Ihe time, knew several of the actors in those sanguinary scenes, and heard the stories I'rom their lips. Well might Hyriiii say, " Truth is stranger than lielinnl" Wliere is the writer of romance that would feign such a lite us that of this pricst-rolibcr .' 1{(>M.\N IIANDITII. IM'oplc nlsiul us, was superseded by oiii vhieh uiinlry liilerahle degree of danger was i.iiiiiil. The hanililti who had lo 111 Naple liny feel soinu curiosity as to what IhiI'cI the iHidy uf tin Miigninary sect, Ihe " Decisi." It lias been my object throiighoul this work to collect my materials, us far as po.'sihlc, from eye-witnesses ol llie deeds of the brigands, or persons who were near their baiiiits and the scenes of their exploits, and derived llieir inloriualion at Ihe immediate soiirec To no oni can I Is.' inure indebted than to our own gentle country- woniun, Marin (iraliam, from whom the following uc- count is taken ; nor can I piel'aee the scenes and uilvcii- tiires to vvhieli she has given siicli uniination unil reality, b<}tter lliiui by the w, .ds of her own inlroduetion. " These notices of the banditti might have been more full and more romunlie, but the writer scrupulously re. jeeled ull uceoimts of them upon the truth of wliieli she could not rely, thinking it iHlter to give one aulbcntie fact, thun twenty doubtful, though more interesting, tales. 'I'lie bundilli, or fiioriiseili of Italy, nrc what the forest outlaws of r.iigland were in llni days of Koliin Hood 'Ihey are not of the isHircst or vilest of the in- liiibiliinls. They generally possess u little lield and a bouse, whither they retire at certain seusons, and only tuke the held when the lio|n's of plumlcr nlliirc them, or the fear of a stronger iinii drives Iheiii lo tie woods uiid rocks. They live under various chiefs, who, while Ibcir reign lusts. II. '( iibsolute ; but as Ihey urn freely chosen, Ihey are :"■ freely ile|Hised, or someliiiics nmrilircd, if tlicy olVcnd their siibjccls. 'Co be udinilled into the ranks of the riguhir bandilli, n severe apprenticeship lo all kinds of bardshipH is reipiircd. The iiildress and em rgy (lisplnycil by these men, under a Is'llcr goveniinent, liiigbl CMmliice lo the liiippicst elb els. Hill here the fin long infi'sli d the road between Koine ami .>apl having been driven iViaii their towns of Soiiino, I'rusi- none, and Kerentiiio, partly by the I'dpe's ediel, and partly by the iiiareb of a bodv ol' two tboiisaiid of his iioliness's troci|i~ against tlieni, had lleil up llie eoiiiilry anil taken rclii:;i- in the wilds wliieli borilei that great valley of the Apeniiims, t'oriiicd hv the cniirse of the Anio, :ind s( parating the .Mursian hills In in lliose on whose edge Tivoli and ralcstrina lire sitii:ilcil. Tbu liigliesi point of Ibis liisl riil^'c is llie rock cd'(iiKida;;iioln, two hours walk from I'oli. There one i cuiipiiiiy ot' the bandilli slalioiied iltrlf, and thence niiide exi iirsioiis to our very gates. " The niimhcr of the inhnbitniils of I'oli does not ex- ceed one lliniisand llirii' hinidrcd ; liny lire a very ipiiet ■iniple people. The lnwii slaiidn on a narrow riilge of lark rock, between two nioinitaiii riviihls. The stone it :s hiiilt of is so like the rock, lleit il Innks as il' il had .Town out of il ; and einliosoiiiid in lliii k woods, and ivcrloppcd by inoiiiiliiiiis, il shows like a mountain •agio's nest as oni' iipproai'hes il. It was a jdacc of gri-nt ■oiiseipii'iiee when the Coiili, iliikes of I'oli, had under till ir doiniiiiiin upwards ot" forly townships, and ho.istcd if the eardiiials, the princes, and the popes ol' their house! Their iinporliince in the civil wars of Italy has given Ibeni a place in each of llie three divisions ol the Diviiia Coinmcdia of Daiile: but the title of tbu dukes of I'lili is exiiiicl, and their large possessions liuvu devolved to other iiolile faniihes." The scenery around I'oli, which is very aeciiriili ly and trikingly ilescribcd by oiir fair couiilrywi man, is of tho iiosi pill 111! sipi, i,r rninaiilie chaiaeti I, i;iid no reader can well lidlow her, in her d. il'IiII'uI esemsioiis, through the wild wood, or the Iniiely v.illey, or lo llie iiiniiiilain's top, where, as the sun is selling over the v\ iile e:iiiipagiia, be pauses to re.iil liom ,'^eliiller t!ie " Kobhi r Aloor's oliloipiy," without wishing to he with her, llinngh real anil iln Miifiil biiiidilti were always ekise at band. "We liiiil heard," writes she, a l\w days afli r her arri- val, "I'rom some peasants bringing llieir cirn lo he ground 111 the mills near I'oli, that the robberies hilily comniilli il on the road between Ifoiiie and .Naples, had dctennini d government lo ra/e to the ground the town of Soniiio, which bad opened its gates to the bandilli, and hail, in tint, biiig hei II thi'ir head-cpiarlers. Iiiik .!, the lirsl re- port was, that the town had acluiilly beei .tiered down, and all the iiihaliil Hits put In dealb in llie night. Till) peasants who gave this evidently exaggi rated nccouni, were of opiniiiii that the men must certninly have been iibseiit from the town, or Ihey would never have snlVered il to be so surprised; and, ill that case, tliry foretold tbu iiiostdrea(ifiilconsei|UcnceslowlionisoiM r should tiill into their bands, bv way of leprisnl for the miirdcr of tliiir wives and children. At any rule, whetbir fonino wnu destroyed or not, whither the hrigimdj, who would ccr. lainly leave the towns as soon as they bciiril the severo proclaimilinn issued ngninst them, would direct their steps, wns matter of serious and niixioiw conjeelnrc. Two years ago, on a similur oecusion, Ihe noted Di Cii. snris, who was shot in the spring of IHIH near 'I'err.tcinn, hdhisfollowersiiplo these hills, iind for nearly twomontliH they subsisted on the H|Niil of the nuighbonriiig town- ships. Oil such ex|H'i!itioiis the banditti arc always niileil by the slicphirds and goiitherds, u race of mm apt for their purisiscs, as their balf-savnge life, while it gives Ibcm enough iiilcreonrse with Ihe towns to procure food and inlelligciice, dilaebcH them so much from all roeial ImiiiiIs as lo render Iheni indilVereiit lo the crimes of Ibers. The oliscrvalion that Ihe pastoriil milliners, wliieli , riitber thun regretted their crimes, und died w.lli ii I burns not to wnrni, but lo dcHtroy. ferocious inditrcrcnee. Among their mimlsT were llit umnd miuiter, the scromi Decided, und the reginliar ol the dead — the lliree ilignilHries of Ihe order. 'I'lie mililury tribunal allcrwurils hronubl aboiil two liiiiiibed ami twenty seven isrsoiis to triuL Nenily half III' these, buviiig Ih'cii guilty of murder und loblHiy by liMie iif nrinn, were eondenmcd to eaiiitiil pimi^hment, iiad their liiiuds were ex|miied near llm plucis uf their iiiiiliiic*, ur in llio locnci ol'thuir crimvi. 'ill ' ' III Ileal of Home dining Ihe summer of 1H|<| drove the ''li; author, her huslsiml, and Mr. Kasllnkc the ilislinguinhed piiinter, whose iidmirablo pictures of Ihe ltnli:in biiiditti are so gi neriilly known and ndmircd, lo seek a i Kuler letrciil in smiie of the moniilaiiis in Ihe ncigbhoiirhood of the iincienl e.ipitiil of the world. "Accident," says the fair Hiilbor, " Hclerinined in fa- vnur of the liitic town of I'oli, Islwren Tivoli Hiiil Pnlen. trinn; ami ut nrcuiiutkncca occurred nhilo wc wrrr luve Uen " adorned with the fairest iitlribiilcs of |s ure and innocence, are much heller nihipted lo the fierce nnd riiel liiibilsof a mililnry life,"* is eoiillrinid by the iiinn- iicrs of the iihepberds of llicsc ninunliiins. Where Ilir townships hiive l.ind cnoiiah to i inplov the iidiabitunts in iigriciilturc nml gardening, as at I'oli. the inhabitnnts lire kind nnd gentle; and when n rolilery nr oiilrnKc is conmiitfed, llie lirsl exclimnlion nlwsy" ik, he who has done Ihe evil must be nn idle I'cUow, who lind uot piilii nro to wait while his bread wns growing. Ibit Ciiprniiirn und seme other mounlani lownii whieh linvc no nrnlile land annexed to Ibcm, while Ihey niipplv llifir nuigbbours with sbcpbeidii, nisii furnish Iheir niinnnl (]Uotg to llio runks of lbs bnnililti." A bninl of i;i|wieii, p<'dliir!>, rogiirr, ind rurtunetrllcri, > tiilibrn. Dm und rtll,(hii|i xwi •' , .-J 1 ■H':^! _ :;;l '( 'i ■1 ::t I 'K^ i e •••'.. r i^ 5. .HH ir 102 LIVIOS OF BANDITTI AND nOHBGRS. 1.- • ♦-■; . i* (■ ■ ■ Pi,' ■■■ ■ *>■.'. ' as willi lis, siiddnily niiidc tticir nppi'.iraiici' one artrr- ii(H)n ul I'oli. 'I'liiy sci'imil Id he the liireriinners nt'the hrijfaiiils, will) hail Ih rii lalkiil orduriiijj aev ral days, tor the lU'.vt inoriiili); at dawii the i;ipsiesdi " l>low, they ton cil him and his eonipaiiinii helure tlieni to an open .-.pare ni the wood, where they loimd ehven of their iompanioii> siltinj^ on the (jrass, eiifrairid in dilferent ocenpaticais ; the two who hail taken the lads heiiii; sintinels, [losli d to ),'ive noliee of any appioachini; danf;er. Their ehiel fihjeet in M'iziii;; the hoys appe.ired to Im' that of nhlain- ni;r inlormiilioii as to the principal inliahitaiits of I'oli. mid till ir plai es of il.iily resort, in order to capture some of them if possihle, .mil therchy olit.iiii a ^ood sum a^ ransom. ItuI they had another reason lor taking,'- them, dnd del.iininir them the whole day; and this was to pre- vent their t'i^in;; suih iiiliirmatioii coiicerniii)i tliciii and their sit ii.il ion in the ijeiiihbourinij towns, as ini(;lilenalile the townspeople, or the mihl.iry, lo siirroinid them. Tliev, lliiTe!ore, kept llieiii prisoners till nijjht ; tie.ited (hem very well, and ffave them bread and ehee.sc, with some Wilier, which was all they had for thenisclves, llioiijjh the hills niiiliTslood that "they e.xiH'Ctcd a proii- fioii of meal and some wine at iiiplit. " Miiiln;.' the time of tin ir captivity, the lads hail full leisure to olwerve the drcfscs ami the eni[iloynKiils of the liaiiditii ; the latlir were iliiilly ^rainiii^. .\s soon as two senlini Is wi re plaei il, which were frequently chai'^'cd, till- parly (li\iileil into ilillirenl sets, one of which pl.iyed nt ciirds; anolhci- at imirra, for a loiiis-d'or |Kr chance; a third party ilineed, while a fourth listened to a slory, or ballad, ill all the careless prolli^acy of an outlaw's lite. 'I'lieir dress was |iietiirisipic, yet military. " Kvcry robber had a siUer heart, conlaininjr n picture of the Madunn 1 and child, siis|Mnded hy a red riblHiii to his neck, and liistened with another of the same colour to his Un side. " The hoys dc>erilH d (lie roMicrs as )tc'u;g stout, acti\e, VouiiL' men, cxccptini,' one, who was very kIk rl and cor- piilcn' with a hild head; he appeared to he (he hiitt of the rest, and, like KalstatV, to he not only w illy himself, but the cause of wit in olllers: they imMciI him the (;ourd- inerch.'int, nlhldin;^ to the i^oiirdlike hinoothness ot' !iis bald head. .\0i r iiskiui; about the dilfereiit inhabitants of I'oli by niiine, the briiraiids beiraii to ipiestion their prisoiers almiit the Tiiaur l'"iij;lisli who were llieic; whcllier they iliil ii it 'jit out iiiio (he woods (o paint, ami other ipiislions ol' the kiiiil. The boys iH-iii); really i!.'- nornnt, cniild t,Mvc them no inl'oriiiiitioii ainiiit lis, and very little ahoul any one else ; and Ihereliire they were dismissed at iii^rlit-iall, and m.nle the best of (heir way home, whire they were the first to t'ivc noliee of the vicinity of the luiirands, altlioii<,'li several hhephcrils had Keen them, and had even made pinehasi s of hri.id and other pro\ i>ioiis li belt, v\'.-is walkini^ up and down, in consultation with the piiiuipal inhabilaiits of (he phue ; for (here was a pri tly ^'ineral e\pi elation that the br^'ands would collei t in ureatir iiiiiiiIk rs, and atdnipl lo enter I'l.ii that ni;;bl. Hy-anil-by, twelve or loiirtei ,1 yiimiir "nn joineil thei iiniicd with muskets and rovvlin!,'-pieces, of various con- struclion; the.se lijrmi d the ( ivic fr"'i'''l- •'^onie of thi i^ims were (heir own, others heloiij^cd (o j^overniueut, and were lent for the occasion. About du o'lloik, (he parly wen( to n little platform just without the principal Uate, whiell iisuiilly serves as a play-nroimd tor children, to fire at a mark, nnd try their powilcr, ri'dardless of (he spo( iH'in^ exaiily wilhiii sii;li( of (hi' enemy's camp. .\( li iifflh they set out ill piirsnil of thi' hri(janils ; hut, as we ancrwards learned, with little ho|K' or iiilculion of iliiini; iii'iie than drivini; (licin from (heir ininicilia(e haunt in the iici<;liboiirlioo(l, nnd peril ips nlarmin^r them; lor iininy had t;one out without powder and shot, nnd li'vv with more than n second cliar(.'e. Shortly nfli r their de- parture, n party of nearly two Imndrcd men, who had Ihcii lint to eolleel and drive in the eatlle from the hill, entered the (own, with such shouts of joy and triiinipli llint we thoiiixht (ha( some dctiiehmcnt oi' the briiraiids had been met with ami roudil; bill we soon diseovcred (he very unnsnnl si;;lit of a herd of tat omii, with cows .'Hid line calves, or rather hell- rs, rmiiiiiii; down the s(ree(, liillowcd by (heir drivers, ioiil nccoinpanied bv nil Ihe wnuieii and childri n of (he town. Towards niulit a lieutenant, with n very small parly of his llohness' sol- diers, eiili red the town, ill eiiiseipience of a mcssiifje sent to Tivoli tin iiii;ht 1 1 Hire; tin y were intended to assist the (oven iMiaid, and cie.iled an unusual ile;iri e of bustle. The |i'il(;iii:r and vietuallinir theni did not seem to be n matter viry easily adjiisted, nor indud verv ai;r ilde. Their (;ny dresses and (r:iincd step Hirined no small contrast w illi (he riisdc air and conrse clolhlii'' of onr ohi friinds; nnd the Hiiperiority they assumed, seemed by no ineiins pleasin;; (o (he I'olesi. At len(.'tli the lanterns, » hieli had Ihcii iiioviii|r up and down the street ul lea,>( (WO hours la(cr than they linil ever done 111 fore, ilroppi il otl' I lie by one, the evpected ntlnek on the tiivvii was forgotten, and (he iii);iit passed ipiiedy as usual. " I'.nrly (he nex( luorninir, ntiothcr parly of (he (owns, men, aecompnniid hy iiiosi ol' the solilieis, set out in search oi'die brigands, and in the aDeriioon die party of the ilay hefore ri tumid. They had found the laii ol'ihe rohlsrs yet warm; the i;rasH wns Irnddeii down; iVni;. nieiils ot hreail and othiT I'ihhI, nilii|;ler prn. Iiition. We iib«irviil that the boy who vvi lit dailv In cut wood for till b.ikir had imillli li the bell that liiiii!; loimil his ass's neck, in onh r In pn vent the noise (I'lun Ih Irayiiiir his mnstrr. 'Ihe liiriners who had oeeni>liin 111 u'o to the tbnshlni;. doors, all went well moimteil, anil with nil attenihiiit or two. On i,'oiii|r lioiiir, vvc lenrnnl that n surL'i oil, and two or time other inrsoiis, had Inin sei/iil by the hri'.Miiils, and enrried to Ihe moimlains, in order to olitnin a ransom. They were inhalutants nf ( 'asli LMadamn, n sninll town near Tivoli, nnd so iinini'il mill MarL'ari'l of Anslria, daughter of I linrles V. Till" lews neeissnrily iui'reased the eoiisleinatioli of II"' hoiisehiilders of I'oli, w ho now resolved lo niake every elUirt lu nsff'iiibk' and nriii (he yiNiii); men of llin Inwn. m>3i\N nANoiTTi. 10.1 ' >vliu liad been [in (lio two Inl. ul \vc lirirmi In (I. I(\il on till' iirti'd tiinl tiny 1 a niilr of the i 111- ri\ic jriiiirrt inr pnrty ditor- 1 s|iy licmlcd Hip 1 r the town, mid [in In ninrcli in third ri|)<"dition hers, till' diiiij;pr, illic'unt to shinv ■ont'lu'd llic pun- iiinnn, whorctiil rtv lu'ifiin to df. ii^t ciiiillnn, ,ii>il ml, tlir IhmI of 11 1^ of till' mm, as ['his is, indri'd, a lie riddnrs llicni- ' loosf dtOlll'S .'It n In thi' naiiirni [' IM'npll' WITO ol). 11' liiri'mnst, wlin lire Iciviiijr lis I' icky, lire ilolhcd I, so that llii^ ilaii- rjiiiids to he con- ilior to looU (iir a H n stn'|), niirrow, rhcstnnt tni's mi I silriH't', iind the iniskcts, thill lliiy liru^hwiHid. Tlip rds the tires, liiilf ek to the soldjiT, lielii'vr thry luiil I, ' lliTc they un,' I il I'roiii |irisiin Inr iliir, who Ki run il ill inori' Ihiin enr err ill |ilirsllil nl' J hv Inipinp Iroiii Id InsI none iiriiH He diin iK'n, mi llii'v had tiikeii a Iveii in troin tin \i lli^'hl li>r I'll! n Hllll diiily II Ik II llllil lilllll line, we leiirnnl nioinilaiiiN III and so niiiiii'a I'lnatiiiii 111' 111" 1 III iniike every kill ol" (lie Inwii' \t iii<'lit n siiinll detachineiit ol" I'olesi, whieli lirid heeii Kent to join the |)00|de ot'Ciisaini in an atlein|il to drive the bindilti t'roin San f III do any thinjr, as il was tiared that any ii|)eii measures ai;ainsllhe rolilH'rs, hclore the raiisoiii was paid, wniild endanger the lives of the prisoners." t)ii Ihe IHIIi of An ■ ml the olfieer, who still reniained ill the town, resolved to niter the houses liiri ihly, and lake what arms they eoiild find. Two or tliriH' houses were aeeoriliii:;ly en. Il nil, hill il eonsmned Ihe time ei|ii.illy, and the jjinis were so well eoneealed, that there was little ehanee of ulilainint; ennii(rh to arm the l"ew men they eoiild pro- \ide; theretiire they resolved to wail till the morniin.', when the men would U' returned from I'alestrina. The seeiie in Ihe streets, where all pnldie lin^iness is trans, aeled, was not only ipiile new to iis, hut eiirions in itself. The arnii'd and the unarmed, the willing and the imwill- mc, were all vneil'eralin); nl oiiee : the women were j^'o. iiiu' alsad with their inliinis in one liaiid and a lantern in llie other; now airuravaliii^f, now ipiirliiif; the ilispnt.iiils. The |ieople t'rom Ihe I'east at l'ale.k nil attaeU. She arri\eil safely at Tivoli, uliirh she found in n slate of slill i.'re iter eoiiNlernalioii lli.iii llie little town xlie liiiil leO. Her eseorl joined iiii. iiinli ill ly the people of Tivoli in pursuit of' the onllaws, «liii wi re seen eriwHini; Ihe hills In hind tin town. " Kvervday while we reniaiiiid at Ti\o|i hroiiyjlil some Mi'iv parlleiilars eoneeriiini,' the manli nf the hamlllli. Il • II" iiseirt lined thai llii ir entire iminlHr uiiinunled lo ulmiil niie Imiidred niid forlv, di\ided into eoni|miiiei< not nreulinif Iwraly in Mrh, for Ihe wkr of rnotn cnny iiib- sislenee. The liead-ipiarlers ap|M'areil In lie at |{io Freil- do, and in the woods of Siihiaeo. 'I'heir spies, and those who hoiiuhl pro\isiiins for them, were livishly paid, and the insl.iiiees of any information heiii'^ ;,'i\rn niriiiusi them v.eie very rare. On one oeeasion, however, liny had sei/.ed a phiiijjhman heloii^riiiff lo Uio I'Veddo, and, aller heatiiij; him, they had sent him to his house lo I' leh a few dollars, as the priec of his future security while at work. < hi his way the plini;r|nnan lint llie rnh- her liimli rs heloiifrin;? to Siiliiaeo, and c '*'' 'In'iii notiee of the situation of the rohhers. 'I'hiy desireil him to feteh his mom y, and fjn to the ap|Harlieiil:ir of his enp- Inre and lilieralimi, allowii;',' her lo write tin in down ; and she was allerwards so liirtuniite as to procure u eir- emmlanlial accoimt writlen hy himself ton friend, which ahoiimis with inlerisl, and striking trails of cliaraeler. S{|.rinir ('heriiliini was simmioned larly in the mornini,' of the Kill of.\i|eust lo Tivoli, to iillend a sick mm and a ;ri''i'li man of that plaie, hy a factor well known lo him, and iiaiind Harteleiii ii Alarasea. They mI oil' on horseliaek together, the factor lieinir armed w illi a iruii. " We had learceiy p.is-^id Ihe second areli of the iin- eieiil i'i|iieiluels," w tiles Ihe poor sur^^eon, " win ii two anmdnnii siiilili nly riisln il out from the thicket and ■topped the way, and poinliii;j their loii^ (;uns at Ihe f H lor, w ho wa'< ridiii;,' a little liefore me, oi di red him to dismoiiiil. tMeaiilime two others came out of the wood hehitid me, so as lo lime us lie! ween them and Ihe liirmer Iwo. Doth the fii lor and myself had disinouuted at Ihe lir^t iulimalioii. The Iwo mi u liehiml me ordered nielo turn hack inst.iiitlv, and lo walk luliire them, nol hv llie road to ('aslil-Madamn, hnl that to San (Inirorio. The first ipiesliou Ihe rohlnrs asked me, was, whether I was Ihe prince ot'Castcl-Madama, ineiiiiinir, I Hinev, the \ ill -prince who had passed the road a little liefore me. ' " Afir we ti'litrili'il lo Ilnliir. \M> Irlllin'-I, llliil Ihe stiiiii' L'nnt; hllll M' l/.''ll till' liri'h I'llt'Sl 111 \'l|-iMiire, l%lli>r>e lieiilll W, ll.ixjllK nt ti'llil sdlli' re.lMlllliie, Ull>i ilieir llii tiers. A' l"iiiiili. ilr. it nl wnniiiu. itlnl IH rhiiiw iirllie-il In the inlnji iiinU nl llie Iwil |>liHolieiN llie\ inioil. reil llnill' 'I'ln le Ik ii soil nl I'. iniiK Jnlllh nilinliu 1li< h. hll'allils, nil <•■ ^llnl kiln;, |ieilia|« llniM Unit lirllinl rriie'lv, 'I'lnn llllil iiiriiiiiMt Ihe jirii'Ni nl IiIk rnlie« llllil I'll ih 111 hnl i\mi nr ilio'i •lii\* 111 roll' ilM'l Ulhil Itlni; line 111' Illi II ninnlM i (iiil on ilie i>nrer iliiiiililnihiini nniUiil'IMiilelinrii In.nHn.wnh hUhli|ll ciniMin' Inn, tthiih ihiiy frirti'il the poer pniKil in wear.'' To this I answered, that I was not the prince, hut a poor siiryeon of Caslel-Alndama ; and lo eonvinee tin ni that I spoke truth, I sliowi d Iheiii my ease of lain els, and my ha^' of siiinieal iiisirimienis ; hut it was of no use. Diiriiiir our walk towards .Siii (irenorio, I perecivtd that the numlier of hriirands increased In Ihirleeii. t hie Inok my watch from me, aiiolher my ea»e of lancets, .At llio iM'diniiiiiK- of our march, we met, at short ilistanees, llnir youths helonj;iiifr to San (irejrerio, juid one elderly man, all of whom were ohlin^ed lo share my eaplivily ; shortly al^er we met another man, and an old wnmnn, wlios.i ear-rinns were taken, and they were then pertnilted to eonlimie their jiiiiriiey. In the meadnus fiy the last ruined aipiidint, the linrses which the liielor .Marasea and I had ridden, were turned loose, and aller passiiii,' n ravine, we heiran to elimh the steipi si par! of the ineiiii. lain with siii li speed, that lo-;! Iher w illi Ihe iihirm I fell, made me pant so violently, that I Iremliled every nni- inent lest I should liiirst a hlood-vessel. At li le'lh, however, we reached the top of the moimlain, where we "ere allowed to rest, and we sat down ill the ^'lass. •Marasea then talked a jrnod ileal with the liri;ialids; showed himself well aei|iiainled with their nmnhers, .".ml said other IhiiiL'S, which my wreleheil stale of mind pre. vented me from nllendiiiu' to very dislinelly ; hnl seiiiin' him apparently so iutimale willi Ihe rolihers, a suspicion Ci isseil me that I was lielrayed liy him.' 'I'he chief lirii;anil tinned to the poor siircenn, and throwin-r him his lamet ease, said he would think aliinil his ransom. The sur^'con n prcsi nieil his poveilv with tears, hilt his ransom was fixed as liijrh as two ihousainl dollars; and pen, ink, and paper lieini; prndiieed, he was oliliced to wrile tor that sum, which he did, willi all the earnestness that the preseiiee of thirteen assassins, and the fear of death, eoiild inspire. Tlie Ihinir was now lo procure a iiM'sseiifjer to carry this leller. This was sunn done. A man was plonjdiiii;; on the side ol' the hill lower down, and another, hi lonixiiin- to Caslel-Madama, was seen in Ihe ll.il lielow. They were liolli seeiired hv the rohhers, and dispalehed with Ihe surgeon's lelli r lo Tivoli. The lirin;amts stayed where tliey were fiirlhree In urn, when the iipparilion of an armed f'oree in tin ui.trv helow inilneed them to di. amp. They retiied lowarils Ihe most woody pari of a slill hiijher inountiiin. " .Mler a lini^ and most painful niareli, fiinlinir himself in a pl.iee of K.ifely, the hrii;nnil chief halted, there to await the return of the messeniri r ; hut as that return was slill delayed, the rhief eaiiie up to me aiij,'rily, ami said, that it iiiicht happen to iiie as it did to a eertain inhahitant of X'elctri, who had hi en taken hy this very hand, who entered his lionso in disn-nisc, and carried him off lo tlni woods, and lieiaiise his ransom was loni; in eominir, they killed liiin, and hIiiii the money eame, Ihe mesMinrer foiiiid his lifeless Inidv. I Was mui h alarmed at thii« story, and rejjarded it as a. I'oreruiiner of my own speedy death." 'I'he terrified sursreon, wlio ccrfainly in his iiarrutive dis's not affeet the virlue lle had not, then told the rohlieiH he mi;;lil have wrilti n nuolher letter to ('aslel-Madi'mn with orders to sell w Initever he possessed, and to semi up the money immeiliately. 'i'liis pleased them : another letter was writlen, and one of Ihu prisoners from San (iri'lliirio was sent oil' with il. "Aller lie was );nne, I saw my eoiiipaiiii n the Oietiir Marasea walkiiin ahont can le«s|y imiiiiirr the liriL'amIs, Inokiiu; at their iirms, and niakini.' anfry );estiins; hut he did not speak. Shortly nlhr, he I'liine mid sat down hy me; it was then that the eliii f, Imviiii,' a taij'c stick in his hand, came up In him, an ' w ilhoiil siiviii;; n siiinjn word, (rave him a lilow on Ihe li:,ek of Ihe liead jint where it joins the inek. Il did not kill liliii, so he roKi ami cried most piteoiisly, 'I have n wili' and eliildreii, llir (iiid's s,'\ke spare iiiv life!' and thus saviiiif he ilc. fended himsell' as well as he eoiihl willi his liamlH. t Hlier hrinniiils elosi il round him ; a slruiryle ensued, ami Ihey rolled tii(;elhi'r down a steep preeipiee. I i lo-ed my eyes; my head dropped on my lireast, I heard a cry or two, hut I sceiii'd to have Inst all sensation. In a very shell time the hricuids rilinind, iiiiil I saw thu chief lliriist his datrircr, slill stain il with hleiul, into its sheath: lln ii luriiiiii; to iiii , he amiinmeiil the dentil nf the liielor ill llnse words : ' Do you not fear I we liavii killed the fielor iHciiiise he was a sliirro; sm II as ynii are not Hhirri. lle liuiki d at mir ariiw, and seenii d dis- posed In imiriiiiir; and if the t'orce had eoiiie up, ho niiidit have In'eii ilaiiui Tons.' And IIiiib they I'ol rid of Marasea. The eliief, seeini> lliiil the inoliev liir me still did not eoiin frniii Tivoli, and Isiiii; nfraid lest tioopi slioidil he mill, seemed uneertain w hat lo do,7iiid sniil In his rompanioiiii, * liuw simll wv dls|Hipi> of uur iirimiirrn ' ll ■''♦' v» I ' .t^*^ Vl M ■ ^ !+■ ; f '■ If I 104 LIVK:^ OF BANDITTI AND ROIIDEIIS. m Wv iiiiist either kill tlicin, nr HViid tlieni liuiiii' ;' but tlicy could not decide on cither, and he came and it down hy mc. I, renienibcrin); that I had n little mom i about mr, which might amount altojjethrr to thirty [laulK, (thri-e crowns,) gave lliein frankly to hiui to jrniu his cood-will. He took it in good part, and said he would keep it to pay llic spy." It now iMgan to rain very heavily — it was four o'clock in the allornoon, and no messenger ntiirmd. At liUit voices were liearearet(, among the trees ; one of them the peasant of Caslel-.Ma- dania, who had been sent in the morning to .Sigiior Celesliui at Tivoli, the other the ploughman of San (ire- gnrio his coinpanirm. As sckiu as they were recognised, they wen; ordered to lie down with their faces to the ground, and asked if tliiy came alone, llut the man of Castel-.Madama answered, ' It wouhl lie a tine thing in- di'ed, if I, who am almost dead willi fatigue, aller s till midnight, when tin y met an ass and a shepherd. They monnltd the worn-oul surgeon on the ass, and the shep- herd b'd them all to his hut, near which wan a threshing. Iloor, and, sinnething much better for them, a ccdily purloined, skiinied, and roasted. It was ealen, loo, before the surgeon, who had dropiied asleep neor the blav.ing hearth, awc)ke. llut the chief had reserved a few iiliei s for him, whieh he now Hpillod on liis ramroil, roasti'd, and gave to him, apolo- gising for Iho abseuci- of salt. Save the chief nnd a seji- tinil or two, gorgeil with nmlton and black bread, all the rest of the banilitti weri! fast asleep on the Iloor, round the fire. " 1 could scarcely force myself," says the surgeon, " to swallow a few morsels j hut I drank a little wine which Imd been found in a small barrel nt the threshing. Iloor. This wan the oidy tinni I saw any of the brigands drink any tiling but water. 'I'he chief lobl me Ihcy were always alVaul when fresh wine canu', lest it should lie druggi'd ; and that they always made whoever brought it drink a good ileal of it; and if in two hours no had symptoiiiM «p|H'ared, then they used the wine." From the nhsphrrH'n hut lliey went to the sheen fold, vvlier* tho robbcm powviisud Iheninclvei of luniu Iuiiiim of boiled meat, a great coat, and some cheeses. Here the chief made the i)oor surgeon write another letter to Castel-.Madama, telling his friends, that, if they did not Bcnd eight hundred crowns on the following day, the rohlRTs would put him to death, or curry liim to the woods of Fajola, if there was a larthiiig less than that sum. " I told the countryman, who woa about to carry this letter, to tell my friends that if they found- no jiur- chasers at Costcl-IMadaiua for my effects, which 1 had ordered them to sell, they might send Oiep to Tivoli and sell them tliere lor whatever they would Icteli. 'I'he chief of the brigands also begged to have a few sliiits sent Due of the brigands pro|ioscd, I don't know why, to cut otr one of my ears, and send it with the letter to Castel-Madama. It was well I'or me that tlie chief did not approve of this civil projiosul ; so it woa not done. The chief, however, wanted the countryman to set out that moment ; hut the eounlryman of Castel Jladama said, with his usual coolness, that it was not |K)ssible to go down that steep mountain during the night; on which the chief told him he might remain in the sheepcote alt night, luid set out at daylight. ' But take notice,' said he, ' if you do not return hy the twentieth hour to-morrow to the sheepcote with the eight Imndred crowns, you may go about your busines.s, butwe shall throw Cherubuii vtlie surgeon) into some pit.' 'i'he [wasonl tried to jier- suaile them that [icrhaps it might not be possible to col- lect so much money in a small town at so short a notice, ind begged to have a little more time: but the chief inswered, that they had no time to waste, and that if he had not returned by the twentielli hour, they woidd kill Chcrubini." 'i'he rohl>ers again put tlicmselves in movement. There was an improvement in their road, for instead of the rough thickets, they came to fine lall limber trees, the boles of whieli were comparatively smooth, save where a liillen tree hero and there lay across them, llut the surgeon was K|H'nt with fatigue, and sore afraid, the threats of death constunlly ringing in his ear. " I therelbre reeoinmended myself to (joil, and was Is gi;iiig him to have compassion on my wretched state, w hen one of the hrigands, a man of great stature, who figured among them as a kind of second chief, came up to me, and tjiking me by the arm, assisted me to walk, lid said, ' Now, Chcrubini, that you cannot tell the man of Caste l-.Madaina (whom we had leil at the sheepcote wailing for daylight,) I assure you that to-morrow, as soon as he n turns, you shall goliomc free, however small iie the sum he brings. lie of good cheer therefore, and do not ilislriss yourself At thai luoniciit I li It such eoiiiforl from the assurances of the outlaw, that he ap- piarcd lo me to be an angel from heaven ; and without thinking why I should not, 1 kis.sed his hand, and thanked him fervently lor his iine.\|K'cted kindness." They next laid themselves down to sleep in a thicket, the roblicrs spreading sheepskins for the doctor, ond the chief wrapping up his legs in his own eajiote. Two men kept awake as scntini Is. "1 know not how li" : we hud rested," continues •Signer Cheruhini, " when one o( the sentinels came, and gave notice of daybreak. 'Come to me when it is lighter,' said the chief; and all was again ipiiet. 1 turned my face so as not to see the brigands, and do7.cd a little, till I was roused hy the cry ol some wild bird. I am not sii|H'rstitioiis ; but I had often heard that the shriek of the owl lijrebodcd evil; and, in tho state of spirits in which 1 was, every thing had more than its usual cllect on me. 1 started, and said, ' What bird was that .'' 'I'licy answered, ' A hawk.' ' 'i'liunk Hod I' I said, and lay down again. Among my sufferings I can- not fiirget tlie stinging and liumniing of the gnatji, which fastened on my fuiv and throat ; but after the death of IHjor Muriisea, I ilared not even raise my hand to dri\e llicm away, lest it iihould he taken I'or a sign of impa- tience." Soon allir thin they all arose, and after an hour's walk halted ill another thiekel, where Ihcy breakliisled. After their meal they lay down to sleep us ls;fore, all save one literate bunilil, w ho amused himself by reading the ro- mance of the Cavalier Mesehino. In mi hour tluy awoke, and filed off, niie by one, to a higher station, leaving a scnlincl lo guard tlie surgeon. "In unuthor hour," wiys Signer Chernbiiii, "the youngest man of the roblurs came to relieve the guard, who till II went and joined the otIicrH. When I saw litis, and|K'rei ivedlhey wercengugedinakiiidofeouneilofwiir, I fi'ured that they hud taken some new rc^ohilioii ahoiil my lili', and Unit lli« new wiilinel wan come lo put llieir iruel flesigns in cxeeulion ; but he very sism said lo me, ' lie of gisiil cheer, for lo.night you will Ih> at home 1' which ifavo mo conte comfort ; Init m I could not entirely trust them, i had still an internal feur, which, lioweM.r, i endeavoured to hide. Shortly afterwards we win called lo join the resl. our station luing now on (Is nionntain commonly called Colic I'ieiniie, not »rry far from the ancient sanctuary of Meiilorella. 'I'lieri hi remained the rest of tiic day, only going out of the way once, on tlie approach of a Hock of gooLs, that wc niit'lii not Is' seen hy the goatherds ; but we soon returiml. Then the second chief, who said he was of Sonnino, niul one of the five who went to treat with the preaideiil i,( i'Vosinone, licgan to tiilk of the jiolitical nature of tin ir situation. He said that government would never Riii. Cecil in putting them down by lorcc ; that they are not a fortress to butler down with cannon, but rather birds which Hy round the tops of the sliariicst rocks, willioiit liuving any fi.\ed home ; that iti by any misfortune, sevi u ])erislied, they were sure of ten recruits to replace Ihtir loss ; for criminuls, who would be glad to take rcfuj.'!' among them, were never wanting ; that the numlicr ol' their present eonipany amounted to a hundred ami thirty individuuLs ; and that they had on idea of unili r. taking some during exploit, perhaps of threatening lioiiii' itself. He ended by saying, that the only vay to pin an end to their depredations would lie to give tliini u general pardon without reservation or liinitatioii, thai Ihey might all return to their iioiiscs, without fear of Inaehcry ; but otherwise, Ihey wouhl not trust to, imr treat with any one, and added, that this was the ica.siiM iiir which they had not eoneluded any thing with thr prelate sent lo I'l'osinonc to treat with llieni. As it was, their company whs delermined to trust nothing but a pardon from the pope's own lips. ■ ( )iie of the brigaiiils JKgged me to endeavour to obtain from po'rrnmciil Ihc freedom of his wife, now in the prison of l'i:iint Micluul in Home. Another said lo me, ' Il.avc pi.tience, Signor ('lierul)ini; we made a hlunder when we took you ; wr intended to have had the prince, who, according to niir iiiformation, should have passsil hy ut that very liiiio.' In fart, he was to have travelled that road ; and just lie. fore 1 pa.sscd, not the prince, hut tlii^ person conimiiily called BO, Ihc viec-prince, or agent, Signor l''ilip[)n (iazoiil, had gone by, bill, fortmialely for him, Ihey did not kiniH liiiii, because, as I understood, he was walking aloii; leisurely, only accompanied by an unarmed hoy, wliu was leading his horse. The banditti hit their fingc'rii with rage when they ioiind they hail let him shp, thr lliey .said they wouhl not have relea.seil him under llirii' thousand crowns, 'i'hi: brigand who said all this hail llie collar of the .Aladomia delle Carmine roiiiid his niili, and said to nie '.Siillir patiently, for the love of tiod.' "Then the chief of Ihe robbers came to iiic, and lolil me he w;ls not vi ly well, and desired ine to prisenlii' li>r him, which I did, in writing. Another, the saiiii' who had taken my wuleli from me, tohl me that tin watch did not go, and showed it me. 1 li,und thai lir had broken the glass and the ininnic hand. He said, if 1 had any money, he would sell it me ; but 1 gave it liiiii back, saying nothing, lint shrugging up my sliouMi i>. .Meunlime the d.iy was drawing lo a close, and the ehiil', taking out his walch, siiid it was now twenty o'chiek.* He culled the shepherd lo him, and ordered him to (.m hack to the sheepiold which wc had left during the iiiglil, and sec if the eounlryman was ennio back with llie answer to my second letter lo Caslel-Madania. In llial case he ordered him to accompany him back lo Ihe.pluix we were now at ; and if he were not conic he orilerril him lo wait three hours, and if he did iiol come llini, lo rcliirn lo us alone. The shepherd olxyed, and, allrr ulsmt an hour and a half. In.' came back nilh Ihe enim- trymaii and anotliersliephi rdwlio had been sent with liiin. Tliey bronght with Ihein two sealed packets of iiioiiiy, which they said ecuitained six liuiidred crowns. Tluy also brouglit u few shirts, of homespun linen, which llii' chief hud iH'ggi d of me, and some lillle mailer for iin' to cut, uiid a little wine to rerriiit me. lint I eoiilil lake nothing but a pear and a little wine; the rest wn« eaten by the roblsjrs. 'i'hey lisik the money willimil eoimliiig, and gave the niessengi rs some silver fiir lliiir pains; ufter wliieli Ihey permitted me to depart. Ami llnis 1 found myself free from them, after having thanknl them for their riri/ify and for my life, wliieli Ihey luiil Ihe KmdniKH tn iiiiini: ( hi my way lioineward, the t«o men of Caslcl-.Madnnni inliirmcd me, lliat the prisiuiir from Sun tiregorio, who wiis sent the day iK'fiire, Willi the first letter lo Castel- Madanm lor money, and wlio hud not been seen siiiee, had really U'en there, and hail gone hack the saiiie day, ut Ihe hour and to the place ii|i' • li will lu' iniii'UilMrMl li'KMlin lialimis ininii ilino liy ivM'iiK fMiii h iiirj In III.' ,1 IV TlwllnilliiHir, or unoocliick, bilau nln Ji" nns huui iflir •iintot. y. piiiiteil, with (Tiiiviis, sent fl Inru'iill'ii '" '^ oil, Imimiisc w reliinii'd lo to Ijil iiiglil, earr had ken kilh |» Uiiii to feur ilreil dollars hi ami half by T » lure all the jiiilc before 1 l»Mpli', of all r I arrived at ho ci siicli public rii'ver before ! S|jrrl.ielu! I I (iiiisliiii orileri III llie parish ll.iekcil Ihilliei lli.iiik* In the .S.iiiil .Michael |iriu:>t had dune liiri', mid .sooi iMniis. Until ill that very eh Ihc Lord, lo gn wards lo show, till' I pichof tlii liy me. I slia \i>ili'ii inu ss a liaiiil seenicd lo Tivoli, ind llie llie very pnores ^jrKids, in so slio i!iy sake, 'i'he vvjiat gratiliide Cirlniii and Ci n| '■nnrss of Iiea iinw pray (Jod I enliseipienei'S wl fnrlinie.s." Siieli is the nn it ronveys siriki impresses the in alily, hin laiiily, saiiiry and lliese| of vice and virli pirliaps no whir .-mill ulVeeliiins ^nivvlh of crime The stories lol nriiriii and initial linn III ill the extl ilelili'd for so in.'ii liiriiishes the Ibl llii' whole. " .\ man who Ih iiig afraid of tl llii' Cli.ireh, to C( Isini; iliiproviiled iiii|insoiii'il; but J'lliii Ihe llaplisi, iv.iiiileriiig a mo tin; Imndilti, who iiiiiliiiig loth, eon: gave him a piece liiiii il was purl ii I'l'-ii I wo hearts,' II :' lie had Iheii lii'Hiiii; vviMid, dri iii.il nlliees; hut, parly among lliei lint a prohalioi pivl nil human In I '-'I, when I was nl' Tauliacozzi, ai mill slates. Tin I* asaiit of Ihe co I villi to rather a .\ young man, nil the violent deu I", aspired lo he I'nlle lliroligh his Iniili eiiiiniiig and llii' Hiipreiiiuey ol ''Hills, and Ihe si "I" I iaily cnrefiil a II' Miiii.l be the Rl ■iinliiiinin rnndidi lia^dlUl lirouf of NEAPOLITAN AND RU9IAN BRIOAMM. hifli, liowiM.r, arilH wi' wcri' If now on till' ', not rrry IW lu. Tlirn He imt of till! «iiy tllllt WC llli(;lit 8oon rt'tiiriiccl. ifSoniiinn, nuil lie |ircsi, I'nr Ihiiii under thrif id all this liuil iiliid \nt> liirk, e of enlH' ler, the Kiiiii' ine that tin lltniiil thill III' . lie Hiiiil, if 1 gave it liiiii my shoulili i>. mid the eliiif, eiily i»'eloek.* d liini III L'li 105 K^ to Id ring the iiiirlil, laek willi llie ma. In that laek to the.|iliiu; inio lie ordrrid lot eiiine tlicii, yed, and, allrr with the iniiii. Hint with liiiii. ket.t of iiioiii y, rowns. 'I'liry leii, which till' natter for iiu' Hut I eoiilil the rest win iiiiney uilliinil hiUer for lliiir o de|iart, Ami avingthanki'il iiii'li they liml ewiiril, the two III the |irisniiir ay iR'tiire, Willi iliey, and wlm there, and lind 111 the pluiT «|i- It mill' liy IVlrllll liick.bclntj nln.v among his coiii|Mnioii.s proiiiwed lie should go to his na- tive village and murder a young girl to wlioni he had lieeii foriiiirly attached. " I will do it," said tlic rulTian, who at once departed on lii.s infernal iiiiHsion. Wiieii he reaehed the village, lie dared not present himself, having lieguii his eriiiies there hy iiiiirderiiig a I'oinraile : he skulked behind an old stone louiitain, out- side of till! village, until near sunset, when the women eaiiie forth with tlieir eop|K'r vaw-s on their heads to get liieir snpplioB of water ut the fountain. Ili.s mistress eaiiie carelessly gossiping with the rest. He eoiild have shot her with his ritle, but he was afraid ui' pursuit, and wanted, hesiiles, lime to seeure and carry olf a bloody trophy. He tlieieliire remained ijiiiet, only hoping lli.it she might loiter behind the rest. She, however, was one of tlie first to biilunee her >'esscl of water on her head, and to take the path to the village, vvhither all the gossips soon followi.d her. What was now to be done ! H(! was determiiii d to go through the ordeal and eoiisumniiite tin lii'Uish eriiiie. A cliihi went by the fountain wlii.-lliiig. He laid down his ritle, so as not to alarm the little villa- ger, and prcseiiliiig himself to him, gave him the reliquary he had worn round his 1 eck tiir years, and which was well known to his mistress, and told him to run with it to her, and tell her an old friend desired to s|>eak with her at the fountain. The child look the reliquary, and a piece of silver which the rohlHr gave him on his vowing by the iMndomiu to say nothing about the iiiatti r in the village beliire one hour of the night, and ran on to the village. The robber then retired behind the old loiintain, taking his rille in his hand, and keeping a sharp look out, lest his mistress should betray him, or not come alone. Ihit the alfeclionate girl, who might have loved him still ill spite of his guilt, who might have ho|Kd to render liiiii succour on some urgent need, or, |H'rhaps, to hear that he was penitent and an.xious to return to swiety, went alone and met him at tlie liiiintain, where, as the bells of the village ehiirch were tolling the Ave Maria, her lover met her, and stablM d her to the heart 1 The monsler then eul otV her head, and ran away with it to join the brigands, who were obliged to own, that aller such a deed and such n proof as lie produced, he was worthy to be tlieir chief. NIUrtUJTAN AND UOMA.V HRKiANDS. su.vimv AM'.cnoi'KS, I'ACKriois and sKiiioes. Many of the stories of the Itonian and Neapolitan ImndiUi are far from being of so tnigieal a nature as those 1 have related. On the contniry, a jest book iniglil be tilled with very fiimiy stories regiiriliiig tliem. 'I'lie brigands were orten facetious and full of frolicsome tricks, ut the not very serious expense of those they waylaid, while t^t limes they were the butts and victims to those who fell in with them. As Lady 11 was travelling from Uoine to Naples, with rather a numerous suite, she " fell uiiiong thieves." The robbers had 11 tolerable good booty, but there was one excellent laugh against them. Her ladyship's iiiedi- eal utteiidant had n large medicine chest in the carriage ; this was iniinediately broken o|)oii by the robliers, who thought the neat and strong niahogiuiy ease must con- tain jewels or other valuables. They vviTc di»np|Kiinled, and Hoinewliat pu7.'/.lcd, when they t'ound a niiinher ol squill e crystal iKittles, vte. Two of the robUrs took out each one of these bottles, whose nicdienl contents were liipiid and bright — the one like rosolio, the other like inariisehinu di /ara. The two robbers concluded nt once they were nolhiiig else than these favourite liqueurs, or some foreign cordial of u similar nature and excel- li'iiei' ; and anxious tor the first dnuighl, each put his bottle to Ills nioiilh, anil did not wilhdraw it until he had taken a hearty swig. Then, indeed, the iKillbs were willidi'Hwn, and dashed, with horrible curses to the earth ; and the two rogues, with terror in their coiinte- iiunees, threw thcmselvm on the iloctor, in the same breath, llirialeiiing In kill him, and begging to know wlietler liny were pnisoned, and he eoiild cure them 1 The worthy practitioner, who was nn Irishman, and as siii'li liind of a joke, would have had here n gniHl oppor- tiniily of indulging in one, hy making the tremlilinir li'llows IhUi'Vc liir awhile that they had swaUowed some iiiferniil poison, worse than tin wri/i/d (n/iAdnn ; but ini- diT eirciimntaiiees, and in tlii' presence of nrnied Imii- dilti, he tlioiiglit it more prudent In tell them (hat (hey had only swallowed a little niedieine, which roiild do (hem no liuriii, however badly it mi'^lit taste; and In re- II liiiluil, with tliu »u:n of one hiindred and thirty-seven cpivviis, si;iit from ('ustel-.Madaina ; but the robliers having fofiilli 11 to Hind any one to meet him nt the place agreed on Ih'i.'.iiisc wo were a great way from it, the messenger ri I'linied to town willi the inoury, at\cr having wailed lill night, carrying hack the iiitelligunee that the factor hall Ik'i'Ii killed, which alarined all uiy townsnieii, who In '"an to fear for iiiy lite. 1 foniid that the last six liun- ilrril dnilars had bicn furnished, half by ('aslcl-Madaina, :inil half by Tivoli. I went on towards CisUl-.VIiiduma, (vhire all the people anxiously exjieeted inc. In tliet, 11 mill' before I reaehed the town, 1 found a number of iii'iiiili', of all ranks, who had come out to meet iiie, and I arrived at home a little liefore night, in the midst of fiiili public congratulations and acelamulions as were iii'vir before licard, which presented a most affecting s|,. iliclo I 1 had hardly arrived when the .Vrcli-I'riest (liiistiiii ordered the bells to 1k' rung, to call the |Kople tii Ihe parish ehiireli. On the first sound, all the |ieo|)le ll..iKud Ihillicr with me, to render public and devout Ihaiili' (o the most mercil'ul (iod und to our protector Siiiil Michael the archangel, for my delivcranee. 'i'he priuat had done the snniu when ho tirst heard of my cap- lure, mid soon atUr, when he sent the six hundred r'liwiis. Hotli limes he had asscinldcil his congregation III that very cliureh, to offer up public supplications to Ihc l.oril, III grant iiie that mercy which hcdeigneil ailer- wiirils to show. 1 eaniiol eoiichide withoiil saying, that Ihi' I'piehof this my misfortune will Ix; ever reniemls'rid hv III!'. I shall always recollect that the liord (Jml \Uili'il mc as a father; for, at tlio moment when lii- Imiiil sipiiicd to Ik! he.-ivy upon me, he moved the city 1 'liviili, iiid the whole ]H"ople of I'astel-Madania, eve llii' very poorest, to siibserilK' their inonry, and sell their L'iKiils, in .so short R time, and with such profusion for i!iv sake. The same epoch will also ulw.iys remind me wiiiil ffrntilnrte I owe to those, particiilirly the Signnrs Cirliiiii and Celcstini, both Konians, who with such ii| ■iincss of heart exerted themselves in my favour. I iimv pray (iod that he will preservo me from all the bad euiisi'ipieuces which coinmuuly arise out uf similar mis. liiilinii's." Siiili Is the narrative of Signor f'lioriihini, which, while jl roiiveys striking pictures of crime and a lawless life, iiii|iri'sses Ihe iiiiiid also with liiiicliing trails of piiiietu- iililv, hm lanily, and generosity 011 the (mrt of tlie |Ha. hiiilry nnd tlii'se |s)or Italians generally. The contrast nl'\iie and virtue, nt" feroeily and kiiul-heartcdiiess, is |ii rliiips no where mure evident than ill Italy, where the Mil ill alVielions flourish in the inidst of the hardiest (.Tiiwlh of crime nnd cruelty. The sloiies told and believed hy the iieasniilry, of the iiriiiiii and initiation of most of the principal oiillaws, are Inn I III ill the extreme. Mrs. (iraliain, to whom I am iii- il.litcil lor so iiiiiny interesting and c:haraeterislie details, ruriiislies the following, as " a pretty liiir B|K'cimen" of till' wlliile. " .\ man vnIio had nceidentally cmnniitted homicide, Ih iiig afraid of the consequences, lied from the Stales of llir I'li.ireh, to Conca, ill the kingibim of Naples. There, l» ill'.' unprovided with a passport, he was taken up and iiii|irisoiieil; but ' by the (iraee of the Virgin and Saint Jiliii the lluplisl,' he escii|H-d to the woods: there, atU'r ivnnilering n month, and b<'iug nlniost starved, he met ilii: hiinditti, who inviU'd him to join them. To this he, iiiilliiiig lolli, consented, when, to try his manhoiHl, they L'nve him a piece of liunian flesh roasted to eat, (elling him il was part of a Clirislian's heart ! ' It iiiighl liavi 1" in two hearts,' said the rnllian, ' hut 1 woidd have eaten it!' He had then to |H.!rforiu n noviciate of (wo years hi'iviiiL' wimmI, drawing water, nnd (lerforming other me iii.il nllii'i's ; but, a year ago, he figured us the chief of a |Mriy niiiong tliein." Milt a prohalion iiilinitely more n(r(H'ioUH (ban this re |iisl nn human heiirls, was related to myself in the year h'.'l.when I was trnvelling in the ,\hru/.'/.i near the pass III' 'l'ii;;liacoi'/.i, and not far from the frontier of (he Ko. iiiiiii sillies. The story was local, but my narrator, a |« isaiil of the I'oinitry, and thin my guide, rclerred tin I Mill III rather a distant |M-riod of lime, .\ yimiig man, who had been several yenri4 nn outlaw, ell till' violent death of the chief of the troop he Is'longed III, uspired to he ('a|Hi.bandilo, in his Mead, lie had irmii' lliioiigh Ills noviciate willi honour, he hud shown liiilli eiiiining and eimriige in his calling ns brigand, hut till' siipri'iiiai'Y of the band was dispiiti'd with him by ulliiTs, and llie sliili of the times bade the roblH'rs In •jH riully careful as to whom they eh'cted for (heir leader, lb 111111,1 be the strongest nerved (i Mow of (he se( 1 Tin ,iinliilir taking his phynic fur •wuet ilii'jillUI proof of his rtriiigth uf nerve, and 11 nninetcrlwntevs, till a mure cmivMiitnt opjiortundy. In the iivxt little unecdote, another brigand of unolher band cut a still more ridiculous figure. My friend Mr. W , n inercliant of Naples, was travelling post with a Swiss merehnnt, and iiad nearly reached the city of Capua, which is only about fourteen miles from .Naples, when his carriage was suddenly stop|H'd. It was night, hula beautiful moon — the iiioon of Naples, which, 118 tlie willy .Marchese t'araceioli used to say, was worth a London sun, illuminated the scene, and allowed W to sec that there were only three or four brigands near the couch, and that they hud not yet knocked the pos- tilion off the horses. \\ took his measures accord- ingly willi great presence of mind and bolilncs.s. As the t'oreniost brigand came to the siih' of Ihe carriage, within reach, bawling and eiirsing for those within to come out and be robbed, he caught hold of the rnHian by the breasts of his jacket, and called out to Ihe postilion to gallop otV liir t'apua, where he should be well reward- ed. The postilion, who had known him before on the road, took \V ut his word, and, with u boldness rurcly found in his class, whipind liis horses, that went off, (as NeapoliUin horses generally will do,') " an end." As the poslllioii's whip tnui lied the wilhersof his steeds, a biilkl wlii'/'/.eil past his head, lint nii>.seil its uiiii. Away then went the carriage and the merihants and the rohlur as swift as the old witches in (Iiietlic's Kaiistus; W , who was n robust man, keeping a firm hold of the robber, who dangled — his bend and shoulders in, and the rest of his body out.side of the vehicle, — like u lamb or u calf over n butcher's cart. W 's compa- nion occasionally assisted him. Allcr nniiierous but vain struggles to extricate himself I'roni their grasp, the cap- tured brigand, whose legs were bruised in Ihe crudest manner against the rapid carriage wheels, and his breath almost hiimped out of his body, prolesled il was all a mis- take, and begged most pileuiisly to be released. The mereliants, however, kept the pri/.e they had made ill so curious a manner, and soon arrived at Capua. This being u fortified town, mo.st awkwardly fiir travellers, placed on the high road, they had to wait some time un- til u lethr was sent to (he conimandind, and permission obtained to admit them. When the drawbridge was lowered, (hey rolled over il, with the robber still dangling at the coachside, and delivered him at the giiard-hiiiise. The next morning the mercliaiils appeared liel'ore the jiistiic of peace, and uller their depositions bad been r»- ceived, the brigand was given over to the civil authori- ties, and cast into prison, win re he lay for many montliH, widioiK being broiiglit (o jiidgnicn(. Wlia( liiially lic- euiiie of him I know not ; but I remember very well, that my friend W , though he was rallier proud of Ihe novel expUiit, had so miieli trnuble ill eonseipieiice of il, and the somewhat pcciil ar course of Neapolitan jus- tice, that lie used ofUn to wish lie bad lct\ the fellow in the road. The next of my concliiding nneedides of Italian ban- ditti on whieli 1 lay my hand, is of n more tragical na- ture, " In the month of .Murch I817,"» says n popular author of travels, " 1 was out with one of my friends on u shooting parly near Aquila, when I heard tlie farmers talking ol' robberies without niiniber eommitled by (he troop of T/ii: titdejieiiiltnce. There was inucli talent, and a Turkish bravery, shown in the manner in which they were achieved. 1 paid little nttention to all thin; robberies in these parts are so common ; I was all eyes to ohscrvc thn manners of the people. 1 gnve some money tn n piMir woman who was with child, and who, 1 vvns told, wn» n soldier's widow, wlieii one said to me; " till, sir, she is not (0 be pitied, she has the ration of the bandilli," nnd they went on to give inc the following detail ; — " ' Till re is in tills Country n company of thirty men and four woincu, all mounted in n sn|M'rior iiianner on blood horses, 'i'his band i uUs itself the troop of TIik IntleprmUnte ; its iJiiof is n Yornicr MarrchaUtU-l^onid of king .lonchim.t He orders such n lanssessiuti ol' the lariii, when* they instituted a tri- hiiiial, and the rarnier Uiii^r put to the torture, eonlessed every tliiiij;. Afler delilH'ratin^ todelher nwhile in se- cret, they approinlied the unhappy tanner, and threw liini into a larixe eaiiidrim wlii<'h was u|kiii the fire, tiill of milk liir mikin^r ilii-ese. When he jiad hoiled there for some time, they t'oreod all the servants to eat of this infernal liaiii|uet. " 'I'lie ehief could easily inerrase liis troop to a thon- oand men ; Iml lie says thai his talents for eoiiiniand will iiol tro iMyoiid a hand of thirty, ami he restrains liiiiisi;irio ker|iiiiir up this iiiiinher. lie rici ives daily applieali thim piopli' to he rrei'ived into the hand; hul he rei|iiin's a title, thai is, wounds reeeived in the field of liatlle, not eerlilieates ^'iveii from eomplaisance : — Ihese are his very words. " This spring, the peasants of these parts sntlered very innuh from seari'ily. 'I'he chief of the Independents distrihuli il amom; the siitlerers tickets upon tlii' rich. The ralioiis were a |ioiiii(l and a half of hread for a iiiiin, a pound tor a woman, and t,vo pounds lor a woman with 1 hild. The wouiaii who i.xeiled my curiosity, had for a month reeeivnl six of these tickets in the week for Iwf) pounds of hreail eacli. I''or the rest, no one (*vcr knows where the hand are to he tiiund,lliey (jct all the xpicson llieir side. In the lime of llii' Uouians this chief of liaiidilli would have liceii a .M.irci llns." 'i'honu'h till re is a little i'\ii':.'er;;ti:in ill Ihi-i aeconni, tlio main points are ; orr'il, iiion partieiilarly that which rcjrards llic roliher's provident care ot'lhe poor. " I have done more acts of charity," said one of these briiranils, win ii he iMI into the hands of the law, " than nny llin e <'oiiveiits in these proviiK'es 1" -Viid so, per. Iiaps, he hall, and at as little cost to hiniself as the monks, who U •_' Iheinsilves (as he had stolen) from others, what they live upon and jfive to lK';ri;ars. Thoii^'h tlir " liiili pciidinli" may have heen averse to increase their hand with men, they seem to have liecii nn.xioiis to recruit it uith woiueii, for at the end fit'lHlT, aH 1 was crossing the raiii^e of nioiiiitains aliovc Sora, that separates the (Jariijliaiio tioni the lake of t'elano, in the .\hni/./.i, I heard the (ollowinir eviiil, at a little village where 1 slopped to refresh myself. A prtttv (.'irl of the plii-e, hetrolhed to n rcs|M'ttal)lc yoiiiur finiicr, was carried otf hy the rohhers as she was (Toinir with an old Ii male relative to early inorniu!,' mass lit a chapel on the skirls of the village. The alarm was iiislanllv spreid, and a pursuit iiuderlaki'ii hy all tin fair captive's nlalives and friends, with \\iv aironised lover at their heail. Allcr seoiirin;; the coniilry liir M'veral hours, without findiii!; any trace of the hriirands, inanv of the pnrsiiiiii.' party, ihroiiL'h fitiirnc and dread iif uilvaneiiur firlher into the mountains towards the place when' they had reason to apprehend the hand was collccteil ill liirei , liniiir hack, anil talked of returiiini; llomc. The desperate lover would not paiisp a inoinenl, but still linrriid lorward Willi a liraver or more deeply interested (rw. Hut even these {\w, one hy one, aliaii- thitied, what si eiiied so hopeless or desperate a chase, or, unahlc to krep up with the siM'cd of the active, yoiniir lover, followi il him Iremhliii^' and panting, at a distance. lie was aloiK', and far a-heail of them, w.'ieii he heard B shriek. Klyinif in the direelion of the sound, he soon eaiiie to a wooileil hollow, where he saw throiifrh the lioles of the (ices his alliaiiced slruiiyling in the arms ol' a desperate-looking rntliaii. Such a iiioment, to a hold yoiiiig lover, was not a nionienl liir hesitation or caleiila- iion, — he glided IhrouL'h the Ini's, and hel'ore tin' rohlii'r could sei/.e Ins carliine, which lay only a li'W li'cl from till' spot where his struggling victim hadilragi;ed him — almost heliire the rnhUr could draw his dagger, he ran Ills sword home to his heart. The released girl threw lierscif into her lover's iirnis; lint there was yet work to do ere he ciinlil resign himself to his Iraiisporls, j\ >»- roiid lirigand, who had hceii slalioni d al the edge of the wood to keep watch, heard the shout of the lover as lie made the assault, and the curHC of his eoiiirade or supe- rior as he fi II iHiiealh il, and now rushed to thii spot, with thai lirigand yell which the piwir pcasanliy so inneli dread. The young man, with his weeping laistress ilill hanging on his iie''k,ilrew iK'hind a tree — he had the ad- yaiilage of a trilling ele\alioii in his lliMiiir, and as llie rolilier had his last step on lliis, and came close to liiiii, III' Hudileii!y tinned ruuiid the tree, put liis litut on the I'alleii riilKaii, who still inuriniircil in his throat, and with a pistol, shot the second villain through the lioily. Sup- porting and caressing the dear girl his valour had so op- l>orliiiiely lihcratcd, he then iiiaile all the haste ho ceiild out of the hollow, and soon came in sight of llie ti'W friends who had foUowed him thus fnr, and of whom some had heen hronglit to a stand still, and others put to a retrograde flight hy the ro|iort of his pistnl in the wood. The iiiipx|iectcd sight, mid the triiun)iliant shouts of the lover, with hi.s recovered alliaiiced one, hronglit tliciii, however, K|H-cilily together, and they returned to the village, willi more joy than they hoped for when they set out from it on their pursuit. 'I'lie hand of the" Inde|iendeiiti" was destroyed a few months after this event. One of the holdest deeds of resistance to tlie hrigands was pcrtiirnicd hy a m.-ijor on Mural's stafl", a native of one of the (Icrmali canlonH of Swil/.erlaiMl. His name was Vnllf. This ofliccr was travelling post from Naples to IJome with ilespatehes, in a little, low, open caliche ; he had not even a servant with him. In the i'outine Marshes he was slopped hy six sturdy and well ariucil brigands, Ivxpecliiig no resislaiii'C from a single man, the rohlicrs sloriil hy the door of the carriage uttering Iremendoiis curses and comiiiaiiding him lo descend. This he preseiilly did ; hut as he left his seat he grasped a ready brace of pistols, and crossed his arms nnilcr his military cloak ; and ^s he lonchcd the ground he pressed a trigger on cither side of him, and two of the brigands, who were almu.st in contact with his person, fell dead hy the carriage. His sabre was as ready as his pistols — with it he elell the head of one robber who fell, and wounded another, who llieii, with his two nnlinrt bill lerrilied eompaiiioiis, took lo tliglit, and left the ollicer ninsler of the lielil. The imluckiist thing tile NeaiHililan am) IJoinan ban. ililli about the frontiers did in my time was to take an Austrian lolniiel, on the stati' of (General Frlmnnt, thfii eoniuianiler in chief at Naples. They carried this ollicer lo the niounlaius, where they kept him many days, which I have heard him dcseiilH- as days of continual alarm and horror, and al last procured a good ransom for him. Ihil a dreadful vengeanee liillowcd close on this coinpliancc, which had been iiecessitatcd by ennsi- dcMlion liir the sallly of the colonel, whom the rntlians would most assuredly have nnirdered, had Ihe ransom not Ihcii paid, did Krimoiit sent nearly his whole Ibree of jagers, or light triMips, against them. iMcasiircs were concerted with the papal goMrnnient. 'I'lic .Anslrians were allowed free ingress into the Uoinan states ; and they hiinled the brigands in the mnnntains troni place to place, with a most |)ersevering activity. 'I'he sliep- lierils and other peasants were seized, and forced to act as guides. The enraged Aiistrians were not restrained !iy many scruples. W liercMr they found men with arms, they shot them: ill some instances they liiimcd down whole villages. The wives of the brigands, ill the course of these tragical visitations, in several instances displayed a heroism worthy of aneienl Konian matrons, and the soldiery were obliged to deal with llieiii as though tlicy had been men. All ollicer of jagers with whom I was aci|ur,iiileil, was shot in Ihe shoulder, from behind a rock, by one of these heroines, who, when made prisoner, and thrcatcncil with instant death unless she showed the track of the brigands, clciiclicd her list, and said, looking al the rock from which they had dragged her, " I nhapliscd dogs that ye are 1 you may as well iillempt to make those stones speak, as lo make me divulge where are my husband, my hriilhcr, and my friends!" And even when the jagers bvellid their rilles and put their lingers to the trigger, not a word could they force from the woman, who niiittercd some- thing to herself, as tliongh a prayer to the .Madonnn, or her gnai'dian saint. 'I'licre is \cty liltle doubt that the AiiHtrinnH hIuiI ninny a poor nioiiiitamecr thai was no robber, but they cer- tainly siiecei lied in pulling down the banditti, who froiii till I time (in If-XM) never recovered their liirnii r import, anee and audacity, until the recent political tronldcs in lioiiiagiia. The Aiihlrians did not, however, achlrve this willinul trenicndous suireriiigH and losses. I'rimont thought pro- per to keep forces in Ihe lawless country lie hall purged. Those in the moiintaiiis tiircd pretty well, hul the ranks of the poor jagers in the valley nf the liarigliano, and in other low, iiiarsliy places, where they were slalioned nearly a whole smniiier, were awfully thinned by mala- ria Ii vers of peculiar malignily. I had myself seen some lime heliire, ill the Abrii/./i, a line battalion of this Iriily excellent branch of Hie Austrian army; it was eompoKcd alinosi entirely ofUohciniuns, young and florid men. I met the same battalion at the end of this year, and found one half of it dead or in the hospital! 1 enquired qDit three of Ihe olliccrs to whom I had U'cn indeblcd for iiiucli civility while travelling, and was told that one nf them, a Iiobie yiaiiig lillow of three or four and twenlv, bad bit his Ihiiics by Ihe banks of the 'a|)lc8. 'I'liis is ! in till' " deadly at Icnpt, (il'lliiy ve tilt- honour of littd twice gnnr wlu-n tliosc ('". lit fill- |ilciiitmlo : (in wliicli 1 by had always is. aliU" hand ol'liri. of a conti'ni]itil)lc anion); ollior ini'- iti's, had iniiliT- I he hrld iRtwiin •■ hilie ot' I'atria— )f his wealthy but iccile povi-rinnoiil nir, thwarted him, Inne. The plaic apital, and wliilsl in); cnibnnknicnUi iccustonied to jjo carryiii); Minmy I acciinipnniul nl, no diiuhl, but jf armed ^uarili. tout an eseort and after leavin); the rli n solitary and iiharjeter ; hut im jT time, and from I Ko many of the ipht iliini hiniM'lf il filly times riimlc oney, without any, lever should inicl niiij;, as \ic were and narrow road ell in that climate t, I was cut slioit lUg j;un put to my ■aU'd in tlie lujiin- received the same ourteen or fiftecii, [ked olf his horse. the carria);e, and pron. My frii nd •i'n);a);in); my arm with llic eye of a iw.s' guns, wliiili Iv lliey were full ad to draw imr lin);e and to lotk lliey would lire hands out of the tve hehitated, of i, 1 from very far, \v very well lliid ly a few days 1» . liii till' ehlale I')' shot, rather siir- jtlie ro);u< s hail in lialiver I nii;:lil liis aim at twiiilv leln' liiifjlh frt'Ui hiipeless, niul bill- iry well, step nul nillians, lie asKid niimey, you nili. r reply of lliesf )■ loWTUpv, all llir IS, liy ealliii;; u» iio knew the low iiy not repeal, i; to the eaiiv;i»« iro to the ilivill" liL'ure of a iiian, I hen, eoniplili'lv [fraiil to ap|>r"i"li Ih the most Imr- |r they would lire Ikj the leader oi the niterprise, had his linger on his trijrger. 1, who was siiiiiiliujr I'v ''"' '""'"' "'*'" "'"' "" "'■''.'• *^"" """ "^ '"y liri'isl, "')"' llioiiulit '^ ''""-' '" ™.V' " '''"■ heaven's sake, ciiiii' lii'wn." -^l.v fi'ii'U'l slep|H'd out of the earria(;e, anil TiMin liilil I hem to lake the money and be oil', ilut now, thoLit'li a iiiiviee in his piofessiim, one of the lobber.s, iii- sislin" oil till! yi'iriu i" 'inn cereuionv, swore he woulil slinol us mili'fs wo lay down willi our laeis to the );rouiiil. This wo would not do. In the iie.Yt instant, tliu villain hIio bad approached the rarriaee, cried " /■>« Ir /lU'liild Here are the pistols — it's all li!;lil — never miinl iiowl" nud tiliiiie <>"t the bruco, he threw away the priiiiin;;, ami, afli r drafririnj; tiieiii, with their pans open, llir(i:i)ili llii' »i'l grass, he then threw Ihciii into the bottom of the carriiii;'', anJ drew out the money, which was contained j„ nvn canvass hags. All Ibo wliib' this was ix'rforiniug, the fellow who siiinil guard over me, trembled willi auitalion : he shook, inili 111, In siieli a degree, that knowing, as I wull iliil, the era/v nature of u'mis of coiimiun iNiapnlitan iiianuliie. Uivc] anil seeing his close to my body 'iiid ready to go oil. I apjirebi nikil the bungler would slii«it nic willioul iiiliiiiliiig il — nu'l once iiquesled lie woubl take il from iiiv breast, as I was unarmed luui could iiiaku no re- sisliiiie. Wliiii llie inoiiey had been thrown in among tli.c tall liiiiins, with H repelition of the pretty epilhi la lliey hail nlrcaiU bmioured us with, lliey lilleil up the poor bin, who w as almost dead with iilVrighl, from beliire the hordes' lii'ails', and made us get into the carriage and dri\e on. 'I'liif swore they «oulil sliout us if we looked hack. 'I'liiii, buwiAer, we did when at u short ilistaiiee, and saw tlu'in inouiit their horses, which had been concealed I'roMi 111 ill llie thick high lupin-Held, and strike across the ciiuulry. Till' .sicne of the robliery was little more than a inili friiiii llie estate, where IliP prime, at llie lime, hail sive nil biiiulred ineii at woik, and lliilbir we now ilrove at a (rilllop. The loss hiiil been a heavy one — for ow iiig to bis not baling made his p.iyitieiitslolhe laboiiri'rs the preeeiiing Willi, loy I'rieiul bad three Ihoiisanil .\ea,iiilitaii ilueats, or live hundred pounils, with him in the bags. 'I'lie rob- btrs never touched our pi rsony, or said a word about our delivering what wc liuil in our pockets. Had they doi fo, 1 sbiiuld have lost only a tew dollars in silver and wall li of slight value, but they would have limiid on the |iriiii'i' ratine a heavy purse of gold and a very valuable wateii. We soon reached the estate, w here my friend, who had represseil his morlihcatioii iiiiil niiger, gave them full vi'lil, when a silly old man in his .service as a sort of fae- |nr, n eouiinrniled, as the linst lliiiig I'ssential in such ease, llial we should both get bled, to obviate the elfiels resiilliiig f oni siulileu alarm. This is a common Niapi litan praeliie, but, I believe, besides iny friend's burst el race and eoulempt, I stormed at the old fool as well, for |iropu~iiig il ill our ease. We were presently on horse- liaek willi a feriniibible posse of uiKniliiiiii, Jiilltin, and iiiiraiii. all mounted and well armed, and, dividing inti ditliri Ml parlies, scoured the country in pursuit of the rubbiTS. Fiom llie solitude niid wildness of the eonnlry, which lor the greater part is euvi red by imiilani or marshes, lakes mill almost impenetrable woods, we had sliglil liii|ii s, w ben we si t oiil, of catching tlieiii. Yet, from llie sbortiiess of the lime that liiiil elapsed, and the speed 111 wbirb we roile, we were close upon them, and at one time fnneled we should euteli them, for we fell in with a jinor eld jieasiint woman who had just sieii four men iliiiiiiiii; Iwo hags of money, which they were probably doing Ibiis early liir the eoiivcnieiiee of carrying il — one tliiJiisaiiil fue bmidred ducats, in silver, ill each bag, be- in^ a good wci'^lnllrlillg as we wi re imder the recent unl- r.iL'c, had we caught tin' rubbers, 1 am eoiilklenl we slioiilil have taken pisliee into our own haiiilK and shot llieiii, willioul walling for the liirily deeisiniis of the eonils — liiil.alasl we were not so firlimale. We himleil, inviiii, tliroiijjh n eoniplile liibyrinlh of eross-rouds or r.illa I p.ilbs, beat several woods, anil Inlerroguled several !lie|ibeiils, in vain, and were at last obliged to return to iHir laiial iliirging and embnnkmenls, with our original li*s— anil with our revenge migialilied. Will II we reliiriieil to Nwplis that night, we had llie iKiisol ilii'ii of hearing iVoin all the frienils we met, " I liilil yiii so!— I knew how it would be! — 1 woiiiler ymi liiiveii'l been both murdered long "go, going with money lliriai;i|i tliiit ent-throat enuntryl" Some also talked aboiii blieiliiig — but, In » metapliotieal sciibc, Hurcly my I'm iid hid Imi n bled enough 1 When we had dined we went to the minisler of |Kilicc, who was, where every Xeapolilan who can alforil il is at Ibal tiiiii of Hie night, at t:ie (Iper.i. \S e wi lit there too. llie next nioriiiiig, however, llie prime saw llie man in : iilliority, wlio iii:;aged that iii tiling slioiilil be muleeli il liir ll;e ilihilii.n anil iirrisl of the i.ll'eiiilers. \S e were pri lly certain that these men were not regular ndiliers, anil that they beliniged to the ininii diate ni iglib ii fi n m e in my own iiiil to the moil, s of 1 riminal pn.ndiire in my own country. My In iiig a proleslanl, i laiiiy, eoiilil have nolbing to do in the inalter, and iiiili id in more than one inslanie I bad been |iiil to my oath in the kiiigdom of .Naples before the lieallh ollieers, on arriving at a I.a7.7.a- retto. Ilesides my evidence, wliieh I tlioiii;ht was full and decisive, there was Ibal of Hie boy anil of several other wilnesses, including Hie old woman. When I thought senlenee was going to be pronoiiiieeil, the eonri broke up, .tnil the prisoners were remandi d. ) stayi d nl Na[;Ies live or six months loiit'er willioul benrinir any thing more of the robbers; wlial became of lliem I know not, tiir at llie end of that pi riml I ipiilieil Ibe I liimlry, and transt'er- reil myself III a bind wbeie jusliee is nmeli more sum- mary — 1 mean Turkey. It was said by many of the Ni apolilans at Ibe lime, that the riil:lirr.s, w bo had iKiiilakin lonu 1 1 fore they 11 iild possibly spend so eoiisiili ruble a sum, (a forlnnc .ibiiosl to men of their eiaidilioii in ibal eouiitryli had made gofjil use of il in delaving the law 's severity. What I know is, Ibal my Irleiid never saw a carliii of histhiic thousand ilneals. Ihit what I know 11I.-0 is, Ibe prom ness of the .Neapo- litans to >|iiak ill of eiieh other, i.ml to vituperate tlieir own govrriiiiii lit. I have, nniiiMr, livid too many yi ars ill lliat I oiinlry, to r.dupt the swiepieg preiiiilieis of hasty Mill Ilia xaiiiii.iiig Iravi lli rs. cr lo be In ve all or evi 11 a lilln of what i.- asM rli d against tin Italians )^ine- r.illy ; si ill, la,wi vi r, Ibe lii Is w> re sin li as I have ri pre- si nil d llieiii, and the ciinmenls liny inhsl piovoi.e, in wbaliver way we baik at tin 111, eniiin t be ilbei wise lliaii most nnliivonrable to ihe 1 riminal courts of Ntpb s. That beanlifnl iiuntry has now a 111 w and young kiiii;, who bat, il is said, alri.iily 1 Hi 1 lid many salutary reli. rills; lit ns bope he has dim lid, or vv ill I'iii it his allenlion lo Ibe pro{ 1 r ailminislratioii of jiisliei , wliieh ill be a irieali r In m I'll to Ibe N'eapi lilaiis, ibi.n, niidi r eirenmslances, Ihi ir Spai.isli ('eiislilntii 11 eoiild have pri.vi d. .And now good night lo It.ilian biiganiis, and eiicr more laiewell lo Italy! — a eonnlry where my brightest days have been passed, liir I can never hope lo ritraie the pleasant period of life In twei 11 si ventii n years and twcnly-.-even — a eounlrv li'r v. bieb I ninv assert a heart- vvariii admiration, kiiovvin;; it and li\ iiiu in it so long ns I have done, vvilboiil, I trust, incurring the suspicion of seiilimi ntalisin or i.tii 1 lalion — a 11 imlry where I have bad, .mil am eonlidi nt still have, si me ot' my best ti ii ml,'*, and where, next lo my native land. I should preler tii end my lib', and find a ipiii I and a bumble grave. src'ii.i.\N iiui(;.\Nns. 'i'lie beautiful island of .'''ieily, wliieh has gem rally had the liirtnne to he as badly governed as sontherii Italy — almost as oOeii subjnted lo foreign inv.isioii and conipiest, also abonntls, like t'alabrin, on the oppositu side of the Karo, in moimlains ot' most iliOieidt aeeess, and wild swamps, once ti'rtile plains, that aided the island in its ncipiisilion of its pnnid title ot' " The llrannry of Koine," nnd has eonseipiently nbounded willi banditti and men ol the most ili spirale eliaraeters. .Sue in one solitary iiistanee, tliere is little, liov.i '.i r, in the lives of the Sicilian robbers, dill'ereiit I'roiii loose of till ir near neigbhoiirs, the ('abibrians. Their mi dc of pliimli ring, their places of retreat, their general ha- bits of lili' were Ihe same; but they have not been so tiirtiinale as the eiintinental freebooters, in having good narrators of tin ir exploits, nor have I been so lucky as lo find one good eye-witness neeount of llieiii. Till' first of the Iwo aneeiloles I have seleeti d, came to me in Ihe way of oral tradition, and the n.iiiie of the hero liuit escaped me. Tlie peeiili irity of this Sicilian robber's ease is, thnt he did every thing single hniiiled — be lomnianded no band, but untititiyunt'*^ or targe puppets the si/e of lili', niaile and dressed up by liiinself, were his passive hut ell'eelivc s,ilelliles. He must have been an artist of considerable ingeimity, liir his fignris were |H'rti'et ns far as hrigiind costume nod ferocity of expres- sioii went. Their eyes were large and staring, their whiskers most tremendous, and lln ir mouths, of course, were never seen lo relax w ith a smile of good nature. His plan iifoperaliou was simply this. He set up his |iupjH.'t9 ugainvt a hunk or hiUuck liy eoniv ruad bide, (1 .1 '■■■•','■ • '■ 1,' *. vtk.' '■'■'■4 ' 'If: •'Ti ■1 ' j' ♦ % •.'. ! ■ icr lit- M m ^^^ w if -•'•!'.■ lai "•••ijiiJ 108 1.IVES OP nANDITTI AND KOBBEHH. ■■• 9. ,;•■ ^Si ^ •>\^ ■* or among bUHlics or tliinkntfl hangin); over the roail — lie contrived tn ninke tlicni liold long gnns pninti'd ilown on the road, and their dagircra anil couleaux i'" chusse wore visiidu in their liosoins or girdlcx. His li'.'on was al- ways chosen where the road or mountain j.,illi was bro- ken and tnrtiious, and where passenjrerd woidd come suddeidy in view of hisi troop and Ix; covered by their musketry at the tnrn of a corner. While they remain- ed more immoveable even than Austrian sentinels at their |>o8ts, he kept a sharp look out from a point whence lie eould see the approaches by the road on both sides. If the travellers were numerous and well armed, he withdrew his men, like a prudent commander, and liid thcin and himself in the thicket ; but if those who ap- proached were less formidable, he placed himself by the side of liis steady troop, and when the timid wayfarers popped upon the appallin); spectacle of their fierce faces, and murilerons guns that 8iH;iiied just joiiig to lie fired at them, he rushed upon them, well uriiud as he always was, and made llioin |R'rfonn the " faccia in tmin" evo- lulion, which Ihcy readily did, under the impression that they would- be shot by tJie figures on the road side if they disobeyed. He then made them give up their money nr what moveable things of value they might have with tlirin ; and this also they did with prompti- tude, thinking a whole band of robbers kept guard over them. As soon ils this agreeable o|KTation was perforiii- rd, he orikreil them to rise and return the way tliey liad come, swi'ariiig by the most tremendous oaths, that he among them who should dare to look back, was a dead man ! When the despoiled had departed, he relieved his guMd, carried otT and concealed his never murmuring ndliiTents, until lie should again think proper to take tiie field, and instead of dividing the siwils witli greedy comrades, lie put them all into his own pocket. Numerous were the robberies cominitted by the soli- tary Sicilian in this ingenious manner, and as he was continually ehanging his scene of action, tlie whole island soon rang with the fame of his formidable band. Yet, do what they would, government could never trace them. Kveii when, as at times it hap|M-ned, a military force was in the neighbourhood of the place where the depredation was committed, and sent in pursuit with the greatesl alacrity, they never could eoini; up with the banditti. Nor could promises or threats, or actual vio- lence and torture, evir extract from the shepherds or the ptasanlry, seatl( red aiiout spots likely to be thi^ir haunts, a confession that they had ever supplied the dangerous Irand with food — hail ever even seen them. It may well )x' conceived that the ]iarilon of aeeomi>liccsaiid rewards otiered to such of the band as would return to society, and " turn king's evidence" (as our Newgate phrase goesl, were all tlirnwii away, anil that none of the rob- l«r's gang would Utniy him. The trick, however, was di leeted at last. Due day a considerable armed force came so suddenly upon the ingenious chief, who had not, |>erliaps, chosen his spot with his usual felicity, that he liad not time to withdraw his faithful adherents lie- fore tlic caeciitlori, or sharpshooters, were in front of them, and within ritlc shot, summoning them to surren- der. " Lay down your arms and submit," cried the captain of the iroop, " and no evil shall befall you from us — justice will deal with you, and our government is mer- ciful !" There was no ajiswcr returned, and as the offi- cer saw the robliers' guns still levelled nt him and his men, he gave the word of command. " Present arms !" The cncciotiiii levelled their rifles, but to their siir- prise the robbers neither sjHike nor retreated, nor ilip|)ed lH:liind the bushes, but stood there like targets to be shot at. " Fire !" cried the ca])Lain. 'I'lie soldiers discharged their pieces. One of the rob- bers fell, another staggered, and remained declining from the iMTiiendieular, but the others were as fixed as liefore, iind lo the no small surprise of the soldiers did not even return their fire. The captain and his men thought they were entranced — fised by a sjk'II, or else plamiing some despi'rate ma- niruvre, nor did they lire again, until they had well look- ed to their ilanks and rear, ex|M'cting an ambushed at- tack by others of tliis I'yihngorcan band. At the second voHey tliree more of the robliers fell, and then the soldiers Isildly rushed forward to the thicket — when tliey had the salisfiu'tion to find that they had been kept in awe by pup|N'ts, and had been firing «t jackets and breeches sliilfed witji straw, two of which fierce figures, still alert, seemed lo defy them to do their worst 1 made good his csca|K', but he was caught, some time afier the destruction of his lianil, in the commission of some paltry footpad robbery, and sent to the galleys, where he used afterwards to amuse his companions in captivity by relating his wonderful exploits as capo-bun- dito, or roblwr chief.* 'I'hc second anecdote is worth slight mention. A friend of mine, a young Kiiglish mcrchvit, tolera- bly well acquainted with Sicily and its language, travel- ling some years ago in the interior of the island, had to pass a place that for some months had enjoyed a disa- greeable notoriety as being frciiuented by an association that levied contributions on the road, and occasionally forgot that cominanihnent which saitli " Thou shalt do no nmrdcr." About the hour of noon he reached a soli, tary taverna on the side of a lotly mountain, and here, though he knew it was the very worst place on his jour- ney, he was obliged to stop to rest his tired mules. .Making a virtue of necessity, my friend followed the very sinister-looking Honiface of the miserable inn to a little room, where a table was soon spread for him. The house artbrdcd iintliing but eggs, garlic, a little inacca- roiii, some sour bread and sourer wine ; but like an ex- IX'rienced traveller he had brought a good linsket with him, and this Iwing handed in, he began i • make a hearty meal. He was considerably advanced in this plea-saiit operation, and, having swallowed a glass or twoof generous Faro wine, Wiis becoming very indifierent to lianditti and the dangers of the road, when he was star- tled by ii loud fierce voice speaking outside of the inn. He ran to the window, but on looking out, he only saw his niuleteer, who had evidently Iwen disturlied in a shiniber, nibbing his eyes, and the brawny back of a tall man who was gliding into the house, lie thought the latter might lie the landlord, and returned to his seat and table, but before he could carry the next morsel to his mouth, he heard heavy footsteps approaching the door — in the next iiiomcnt, the door flew ojien, and a man of almost gigantic stature, with a long gun in his hand, a brace of (listols and a long knife in his girdle, entered the room. My friend started up. The intruder eyed him from head to fool, and his countenance, belbrr none of the mildest, now relaxed, and he said, " Oh ! you arc an Knglishnian, are you ! — I'ray don't let me disturb ypu." He was about to turn out of the room, when my friend, recovering his presence of mind, ]iaid him the coiiipliiiicnt, never omitted in Sicily or the south of Italy, wlun one is found eating, of inviting him to partake with him. The intruder declined, but my friend not confining himself to a mere empty conipli- iiicnt (and among tlie Sicilians and Nea|>oliUins it is no more) pressed him to share his meal, and the stranger, placing his long gun by his side, sat down. He declined partaking of a pasticcio, or mcat.|>ie, be- cause it was a fast daj', but accepted of some good biscuit and English cheese, which he declared to bo excellent, and drank freely enough of the Faro wine. lly degrees, the two became veiy sociable. They talked about the English army that had binnn'— tint. It I n^iiieiiiln'r welt, Itir |Htr|H-irati>r of ii ivim fiilicr a Slriliuii or a Nra|H)litnii. " My roiiipaniiiiis in Itic itiljuriin!," suitt 111*' late Mr. Henry Maltht-xvc, wti IVoln Mmtlpt'llrr in lli'/irrs, " wrn.' atl nll Itn* ^ui rirr, !'<>r Ifio car riant! Iiait Iti'i'ti Hlnppi.il nint rntilieit twn i]vpiitni*sl>rli)r'' by a Hlniiti' rnitlpail. 'i'tiia fi'tlow tiail |irartlsi!it n inofll inginitnna^lratniiein lo (.■ttVcl fits piirpo^p. Iff inannrnrtnred ten innii nt straw, anil ilrcw itii'in np ill tfin mm) in li.itlle nrrny; anil inlvniirins snint' (lifftniiri- iH'fnrp llit-in, lio orili'rpil iliii itllluinico to slop, llintaieiiinu tr llii' k-ant ri'HlHtnncn won ulli)ri.-i), to ritll up his rninpantoiiH and put all itir pasHenuiTA tmleutli. Ill this inannrr he hilil tlin whole party iinilcr rniitrilMilinn, aiiionu whoiii w-i>m' two Hpanlsli inen'liaiiu, vvlawi! pumi'M \x-i'ri> llravily Inili'ti." — Hinry nf an tnralnl^ p. ttri. I have hriiril tlits ntnry iiiiich better Inlil. ^ly niiirainr ilwell par limlailv nn the t aire of nne nf the pai>iien)i<'rH, a Krenih nlllrer- ^ rinji that tin liad lieen irrtillul you, without your free will, so much as this bit of lija. cuil. I have served your countrymen — I wish tlnv were back again. I have eaten their bread, and tlinncii circumstances have made me what I am, I will coiiUnue to lie the friend of every Englishman 1 meet." tjuite tranquilliscd by tlicso words, and the canuM manner in which the brigand uttered them, my frimd gave appropriate thanks, ond then mailc free to ask «l;a were the circumstances that had driven him to siiih t dangerous profession? The robber replied without any shyness. It appeared that Pon Cesarc was one of those Siiiliani who, when the Nea|(olitaiis made their revolution in l^all, aimed at still further changes, or at rendering their island inde|iondeiit of the continental kingdom to which it liai l«'en so long linked. These men, who were very nu. meroiis, would hear nothing of the U'nefits of I hat run. stitulioii which their fellow subjects, the Neupolilaii<, without knowing what it was, liad adopted f'ruiii Hn; .Spaniards, but insisted on separating from thini iiiin erecting Sicily into one iiidc|iendeiit state, with a kiiij and constitution of its own. In atfempfiiig to cHect tlli^, much crime and cruelty were committed, much bloHi was shed; and, be it said in justice, considerable ilelir. minafinn and valour shown by the lower order of the Si. cilians, particularly at Palermo, where for some time llnj kept at bay a whole Neapolitan army, conimandeil In- Oeneral Florcstan Pepe, a brother to, but an abler innii than, William Pejic, the hero of liieti. The Sieilim patriots, however, could not succeed; and, not iiianv months at\er, when the Neapolitan coiislitulion wi, " whistled down the wind," and old King Ferdinand v. pristinated, that sovereign thought fit to investigate tlif oflences of his Sicilian subjects. Some were arrcsliii and thrown into prison ; some hid llieinsclves, and sniiif, among whom was iny friend's acquaintance, Don C'esan. fled to the mountains, and turned brigands. When my friend's curiosity was satisfied on this limit, he ventured to express his surprise at the liberty of rantt the roblM>r allowed himself, and to ask if he were iioi afraid the [K'ople of the country would lay hands on liim' To this, Don Cesarc said, that besides his own gun niiil kiiifi', he had always the arms of others near him; thai in a ininute he could surround tliu house where tlin were with his trusty followers ; and that as to the conn. try people they knew their own interests too well to in. tcrferc with those who never harmed them, and who, ai'. ter all, were nothing less than unfortunate honest imii that had attempted to rid the island of the Nca|iolitaiiF. Hy this time the refreshed mules were at the doer nt the hostel; so, thanking Don Cesarc for his civility nnil communicativeness, as that preparatory step to every ilc- partiire from an inn, he called the ill-looking Doiiithn I'or his bill. The host only followed the usual praclicr. by asking a young Englishmnn somewhat more llian double what he would have asked a Sicilian. My fricinl. withouta remark, drew out his purse: the robber snatilnii it from him, and shut it up in his broad, horny lianil. " No, sir, this shall never be — the account is not just," said he ; and then turning to the host, he bade him linvt a conscience, and not assassinate a stranger, tiiid «ii Englishman, in that way. 'i'he iiinkcc|)cr muttered something : my friend, wlin did not wish to have words about what after nll wiis t mere trifle, not amounting to more than five or six i^liii. lings, liegged for his purse, that he might pay the ilr. inand ; but the robber wonUI sufl'er no such thing, nnd still clenching the money in his fist, ho turned again to Doniface, and said, he would fare il cunto, or make tlu bill. This accordingly he did, marking the articles, siieh m "a feed for two mules," " ditto for one muleteer," '• lircail," " fried eggs," &c. on his fingers, and then piitliiig tli« precise price to each, he summed up a total which ii>i|:lil have met the approbation of even Joseph Iliimo, V,ni M. P. He next counted out the money into the palm ii the host, who seemed not to dare to make any other rr mark, and twisting up my friend's purse ns thoiiefli il was never more (o be opem^d, he restored it to him willi a short piece of Italian advice to be more careful nl' JLv contents. At the inn door he helped my friend to ninitnl liii mule, and when lie otfered him his hand, and wotilil liau bidden him lim well, the robber whisiKrcd — " No, »' must not part company so so..ii; there arc others iiuil meet you lietweeii Ibis and the next town; I will see vmI ill safety." 'I'liey then went on, the robber slridini; kil the side of my friend's mule, iinil talking all the wayiii| n rlieerf'ul lone. They had not gone much more tliiin il mile when three wild-looking fellows wero seen dcFrrmi [ inj; from the mountain's lida-lowurdi Iho rond,whlcil SPANISH nilKiANDS. H tlilH bit (It' hit. II — 1 Wish llin read, nnil tlmiicii 11, I wiUcniiliiiuij IIRCt." niid tlic cariioi (liein, my tVicnil ! fri'C to ack \vl;-.i n him to sucli i ilicd without any ! of those Sicihani evolution in l^•Jl. lerin^ their isliuiil n to which it hu lo were very iiu- lefits of Ihiil ciiii. the Neaiiohliuis, adopted fruiii llit r from thini aiid >| ired it to him with I luirc careful nt' it! I lend to inoiiiil In* jid, and would In" liBp«rcd— " N", w \c arc others nut >wn; I will see yx Jiihber striiliui; l«[ ling all the way Tnui'h more llian il Ivero seen defrrml I ft the road, whicti 109 ,|„,r<- mil through a deep winding hollow. As these men ,iirii;i'-liid,lliev called uii the travellers to stop, and hud I'l'vHhd their guns at them, when Don ('esare, who had lie waved a ViDit il Ke lli.Viienneeale* from them by the mule, and the |ierson (]f mv friend, stepjH'd forward in the ro:id, showed him- wli' waved his hand backward, luid ciied out in a voice like tliiuKh-r," la dietrn,e.anai;Ua ! iddi sunamici: Sanlii Diiivihini :• in dtftro!" or, " Hack, you blackguards, llicse are iHeuds ! Saint Uevil \ gel ye back" 'I'lie lliri e nilli.ins recovered their guns, threw thi'iii over their sliniilders, and williout saying a word returned up the 'Die robhcr-clnuf took no notice of what had happened, bill walking a little ahead of the mules tliat be might be siiii roiiliime'! in conversation on indilferiMit subjects until they eaiiie to a fair piece of newly-iuade road, in- ,|,i«d on cither side by magnificent hedges, (eoiumon tliiii>r» '" Sillily aiid Calabria,) wuaimsed of the gigantic al.)i>, liuliaiilig iJaiils and high Howering geraniums. " Hire you are safe," said the robljcr, grasping my Irii lid's liaiid ; " this road winds round the- bill to the tiiuii of t'.m IJiovanni, luid here we inu.-^t part 1" " ^is," ^''''1 ''"• mul'leer, nddresning my friend, " Yes, D.iii (jiorgio, it is only a. iiuarter of an hour to .San (Jio- laiiiii 1" '• Dim Oiorgio I' said the outlaw: " la that your name? It is llie name of your king whom 1 have servell I May tliu blessed Virgin go with you," and giving a last friendly Miiii lie to my friend's hand, he turned back, shouting as he went, " I'ivail Ke IJiurgio!" Iioiig live King (George! He had not been gone many minutes, when my friend liiaril one of those long shrill whistles wliieh the Sicilians aiiilCalubrians are particularly expert in producing, by aiiiilyiiig their lingers to tiieir tongue and lips. TIk' \ii'iiiiir iMiglislimaii turned his head, and presently saw iilmv"tlie hill round which he was wiiiiliiig, the gigantic liiriire of the outlaw, accompanied by three other men, slniliiiil up the mountain. The chief also happened to I aril Ills lii'.id nearly at the same instant. >ilk liaiidliirchiet', and again shouting (iiui!;iu .' ' thus took his last f.irewell ! Till' muleteer, wjio had pri'.served a resiiectful silence, [only broken by a word or two, as long as the outlaw was Iwilli tlieiii, now gave way to his tyiigue. " Don Cesare," all! he, " is a robber — there is no doubt of thai ; some Isav an assassin, though, for my part, I believe he has liiiily killeil live or six Neapolitans; but there is much itliil i-i good in him for all that'." After my friend's c.\. Iiii rii'iii'e, it was not for him to contradict the muleteer's lassiTti.iii. SPANISH IIUKJANDS. I Tor brig.inds, Spain stands next in rank to the king. Iiliiin if Naples and the slates of the church. The reasons lari' t.Ki obvious to reijuiri! any explanalion here. In eoin- Ipariiig iJie Ituiiau with the Spanish hands, from tlii' ac- liiiiiiits I have read luid liuaril, 1 should hi' ineliued tosaj ■ that till- kilter were gunerally more brutal and ferocious, laiiil less romantic — if, after all I have siiiil, the reader l»ill still di em the term ruiuanlic at all applicable to the I Italian liunililti. rOLINAKIO. My first anccjiile of Spanish robbers is ratlier of an lamalile eharaeler. Il isexlraeled from the work of a .(Hit traveller, from Ui. Inglis's "Spain in IhSO," c)iir .piiiitryiiian in the eour.si .f his |K'regriiiiUioiis, slopped nil' iiii;lil ala posada, or inn, in the south of .Spain, and Isat iliiwii to sup at a sort of tiilile d'liuir, with siii'li eoni- ||Miiy as bad gathered at the said place of re|H)se and re- ll'iTtliin. Towards the conclusion of sup|K'r, a guest of no small |jiii|iiirtiiiii (■ look his place al the table : this was no other lliiiii lliiii the celebrated I'olinario, during eleven years ilreacl of half Spain, and now fiillowiiig the honest rilliiii; of giiaril of the Seville diligence. 1 never saw a ^iiiir man, or one whose ap|H'aranee more clearly liiili- latnl the profession which he had abandoned. I could lint hiip fancying that his countenance expressed a cer- I hiwk'ssiiess of mind, and eontempt of |H'aeeable |kt- kniis like myself, whieli an assumed suavity of manner Ivis iiiialile iillogetlier lo conceni : this suavity of man- lier is, liiiwever, very remarkable, and 1 believe is in I rl'nt aeeordance with his conduct when a roblxT; (or ' I .III mil tiiinw wliy, lull the Riclllnas niiil raliibitnnt linvo iiinilo i^oiiiitiK iiiiijrsiy a hiilnt. Suntu ffi.ini/u, Willi its iiiipmentatlvc in't. '{■iirtilnni, iA niitilniinlty in llif^ niniitti ni'lKilli. Il \» ns iiitirli "11 lialiltiiiil uaih aa irrtaln two iiiuiiu«} liaUlei ore Ihuw of the lai^l!..-!!. I'olinario was niver guilty of any act of wanton cruelty or biirharily, but along with the most tearless courage, he always evinced a certain liirheariince, not uncummoii among Spanish banditti; but in him, having a dee|K'r seat than the mock civility of a .Spanish thief, arising ratlier from a soilness at heart, wliieli afterwards led to a change in his mode of life. The history of this change is curious, and I pledge myself for ilj> autlu^iitieily. " The usual range of I'olinario was the norlhrrn part of the Sierra .Moreiia and the southern parts of la Mancha; and here he remained during eleven years. "A lew years ago, understanding that the archbishop of Ciaen would pass the .Sierra -Moremi in his carriage, without oIIht attendants than his servants, he bay in wail fiir the jirelate, and stop|Kiil his carriage. The archbishop of course delivered his money; and I'olinario having re- ceived it, asked his blessing: uiwu this, the arelibishop began lo reinonstrate willi the roblier, .-citing forth the h( inoiisness ol" his oHences, and the wickedness of his hie: but I'olinario iiitiTnipleil the archbishop, by telling him it was of no use remonstrating u|ion his manner of lile, unless his grace could obtain a pardon for the jiast ; liecau.se, without this, it was iiinwssiblo ho could change his mode of living. " 'J'hi' archbishop of Gacn is a good man; and feeling a real desire lo assist Polinario in his half-expressed de- siri' of seeking a Ir'Uit way of life, he jiassed his word that he would obtain for liiiii his majesty's i>ardon ; and I'olinario came under a solemn promise to the archbishop, that he would rob no more. In this way the mailer slooil for eleven months; for it was eleven months lieforu the archbishop coiihl obtain the pardon he had promised; and during all this time i'olinario was obliged to conceal himself from the pursuit which the otVcr of a consider- able reward had long before instigated. At length, how- ever, the pardon was obtained; and I'olinario was free to lead an honest lite. He admits, however, that he is not contented with the change, and makes no hesitation in saying, tli.it the promise made to the archbishop alone prevents him from returning to his former prolession ; but he says the archbishop kept his word to him, and he will keep his word to the archbishop." During the |)en insular war. Napoleon, who then drew his resources from so many countries, and had establish- ed the conscriplioii, aud by making war the only profit- able occupation, had awakened a military spirit nearly all over KuroiH', had, as it will lie reinembereil, a nuinber of Italian regiments in the field. Itesides the olficers of these regiments, many young Italians of good families, particularly Nea|Kililans, were lo he found on the stall" of King Joseph, who had done ill, ius far as his lia|i|iine.ss was eoncerned, lo quit the sure throne of Naples for the very imcertaiii one of Spain. Though his governinenl was not a very [xipular one at Naples, during the short lime it lasted, the mnnnich had made such good use of his leisure, and of tlie lax morality then |irevailing, that at his departure for Spain, he was sincerely regretted by a number of g.ay dames, who, having no longer his IIIm'- rality to look lo, warmly recommended their brolher.s, their cousins, \c. to In- provided ibr in his new kingdom. Il was curious enough tool>serve,tliat, in many instances, these young Italians, now sent to assist in the subjuga- tion of Spain by the Kreneli, were deseended from Spanish families, whose fiiimders had served and found fortune in the Spanish armies that had subdued Italy, and under the great (aipluiii (ionsalvo di t'cirdova and others, had eslalilislied the dominion of Spain in the Milanese and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, in spite of all the efibrts of the French. The shoots that Spain had thrown out in Ibreign conquesl, were now returning to strike at liir own proud trunk and root! The hero of the fiillowiiig roblwr story was not, however, of Spanish lineage, but descended from an aneieiit liimily originally of tlie re. public of (Jenoa, and long settled in the kingiloni of Na- ples, where their possessions, particularly in C'alabria, were at one time of an eiiornioim extent : nor though on the stall' of King Joseph, and a (K-rsonal favourite of his, dill Don Francesco mvi' his [lost, or his lio|)es of advance, nient, to sister or cousin, or any relation, or eoimeclion, or tricnd of the ti'inale gender whatsoever. 'I'ho iianir and rank of his family had had their intlueneo of course, and Joseph, who was I'ar from licing either ailventiirous or courageous himwlli adniirer baste when he met w itii bis advenlnre. 'I'hu intrusive king bad Ixeii I'or some liiiii' at .Madrid. Kiig- land had not yet armed Wellington lo do wonders, Spain seemed prostrate Ix'tbre the Fniicli, ami Ihoiigli an occa- sional deed of blixid showed their antipathy to the in- truders, the destructive guerilla warfare was not yet comnienced ; and though an oecasioiiiil roblxry was heard of, the country was not held as Ixiiig iiiueh in. listed by bandilli, and ollieers came and went, only ac- eoinpanleil by their orderlies. Don Francesco wa.s, therefore, despatebeil one morniiig, with only one man, a steady, old Polish trooper, locairy someinstruetions lo a small corps of the Freneli army in iiilomnenls, not many miles from iM.idriil. Having de- livered these, he was to visit some oul)Kists seallered round the cimntiy, and then return to head-ipiarlers at his own leisure, or ratlier, iJiere was no precise tiinu fixed Ibr his return. He arrived safely at Hie caiilon- ineiits, and having finished his short business, would have prfKieeded farlber that evening, but the eohiiiel com. mandiiig there was a counlrymaii, and an ohi liiiiid.aiid be pressed him lo stay dinner, and then it was loo late lo an any furlher that night .Vl the coloiiers labb' were Iwo young Freuehmcn, who talked of relieving the ennui of" eounlry ipiarters" the fullowing morning by a sIuhiI- ing excursion, and as the ground they inleiideil to k'at was the same over whieli Don Francesco's road lay, it wasagrccil, not only that they should start together, Imt that he, having finished his in.s[x'etiun, shoulil join them, and take a day's s|Hirt. Accordingly, they .set ofl' in high spirits the next morn- ing, Don t'raiieeseo fiillowed by his staunch Pole, but the French oHieers with no attendant, .save a young, naked legged Castilian, who carried their game hags, and acted as guide. They iiartid company al Hie head ofaliltle valley or hollow, about two lioiirs IxI'ore noon. Tlierc was no inn or posada near, but a scattered village seemed to lie midway up the hollow, and here il was agreed Don Francesco should join the yoiin^f Freiiehmeii early in the evening, and after passing the night at the village, they were lo conliniic their sport on llie morrow. As be roile on his w.iy he heard ratlier an activ.' firing on the side of his friends, and anxious lo have a share of such good s|Mirt, he put spurs lo his horse, and did not draw rein until he came up lo one of the French pickets. lie here finished his business in a very short time, anil oblaining a fresh horse, proceeded to do the rest of bis duly. He now found he had more ground to go over than be had imagined, and when li.' relumed to the |M>st where he had lelt his own horse, il was iimeh laler than he could have wished. To increase his eomfiirt, a ser. jeaiil of tirailleurs, who had the eiiiiiiiianil, assured him tliat in spile of all the troops scattered over the coimlry, the Spaniards were ilaily Ineoming iKihler, and showing that they detested the French — that a commissary of thu army, and an ofiieer of the line, had Ixen assaulted, not many days belbre, in the very district he had lo traverse, and had escaped being murdereil almost by miracle; and finally, hi^ added, that even befiire the French invasion, the place bore a bad name for robbers. The young iSea- jxililan thought his friends had Isen ralher unluiky in the choice of their shooting ground; but he could hardly fancy breaking his eiigai'ement, and late as it was, ho mounted his own steed, which was by this lime well re- tresheil, and set olf at a liand.gallop liir the glen where he had left them. The ohI Polish trooper, who had heard the ilialogue lictween his master and the serjeani, woiihl, of a certainly, have ralher rtbroimae chcmiii ; but he was accustomed to danger, he was piipied too by the set.ming inditl'crencc lo il in Don Francesco, and he could not con. eeive (he had yet lo learn what the ,S|>aiiiards were) that the |K-asanlry would dare to attack an olliccr of rank no near the French fiirccs. They reached the glen where they had left the two Frenchmen in s.afi'ly, but il was dark, aud when they rode up to what they li:iil taken in the inoriiing for a vil- lage, nearly every while s|x>l, instead of Ixiiig a house, was a calcareous rixk. 'i'liere were, however, among these deceptive projeelions some half (hizeii of miserable collages, where Don Francesco confidently ex|xeleil to find his iViemls; but where, on enquiry, he fiiiind Iheiii not, and if the words of tlic inhabitants were to he taken, no such persons had Ixen seen there since the mnrniiig. Rather inclined lo lie angry at his friends tor their want of punetiiality, lliHii to eusixct any thing had hiip|K'iied to them, Don Francesco was alsiul lo turn his horses' head, when an old goatherd addressed liiiii, and tohl him be had seen the Iwo si rangers cross llie hills al the lop of the gh;ii, and that donblhss Ihey would Ik' fiiiiiiil al a farm-house ill that direction — not more than a good league ofl", wlicro the giuno was must abundant. •t !. .>ll } jfl 5'ly'H .'<-^V-.* ^/'^'if"'' 1 am ■'( . ''^ ■ yh^: ' ,>■ -"i,. 'rt : ■ . i • Il r .■.;iV'.i' no UVUS <)!' IIWDITTI AM» ROnitntS. '.' '■f'.Ci It'^i* S|iirilr(l un liy lljis liili lliuriiici', the yiiinif N'('n|nilit,'in tfHtk Mil- flirt'i-li'iii |H)iiilril iitil (i> liiiii, jtiKJ, ilnrkiT hikI ilaikci' llii>iii;li II In liiiiit'. III' niid Ills lollnwir ciiiitrivrd to iiiiikf ir<«Hl sprcil tiir liniriiii hour, whni tliry thoiin-|)t (hry oii;:ht to iir iirar tlic 5;iiil tiirin-hoiiHC. Hut wIk-ii they slirkciud Ihrir |i.iir, iiiul |i(rrii~i>|j down. All remained quiet — be tboujjht a little of tin. events uf the day, and his disappoinlment, nnd n(;aiii hoping (hat his unpunctiial friends had come In no harm, and had found as pood loil(;inf;s ns he had ili)iii>, he gave way to fatiijnc nnd drowsiness nnd was fallin; asleep — when he was suildenly slnrled by the ereiiliin^. of a door, (jiiick ns he was, before he grasped Ins sword and pistols and ruse to his feet, a door, which Ic lind not observed in the darkness, was opened liclwri'n i:iin and the bed on the opposiie side of the room, ami 5 little yellow lamp, ns though of a li{.'lit screened, ruslicj into the nparlmcnt. 'I'lionjjh the prospect of a hopeless strujrRlo noit presented itself, and the chill of despair tijll on liu heart, Ihc yoiiiijf soldier levelled his pistol willi \ steady aim, and had nearly pressed the ready tri^'ii-, when he snw that tliij fimiVe which stole into the ri-in was that of the yoiiiif; Spanish damsel, whose eoiiiliic; and looks below stairs had atlrncted his attention. "Stranger!" said she in a fearfully agitated whisiicr, " put up your arms nnd follow inc— there is hnrdlv a minute belween yon nnd murder I" "All! is it .sol'" Kaid the young man, gasping liit breath. "You will bo the first guest that leaves this iiHim alive,"' said the girl ; " liul haste, or you will be tai late !" "Then let me rouse also this man who sleeps » soundly," said Don Francesco. "Think of yoursell'— he needs not yonr care!" saiil llie girl. J')veii ill that extremity of danger the bravo sniilier could not reconcile hiintelf to the thought of Icaviiioi lellow crealnie to the knili', and he sIcpiMil to the ulhcr side of the room. The treiiihliiig girl moved with liiiii. drew the capote from the body, and holding down lltf lamp she held, and Inrniiiguway her own eyes, discliwd lo those of Don Francesco the ghastly couiitenuiicc of one of the young I'lenehmen he had been in .searili nf. As lo what pas.sed after this horrid disclosine,— ns lo his feelings or his actions, fiir some seconds, tie young man could never render an nceount. WlialU first recollceled was standing at the head of a fliglili:' rough stone steps that descended from what appcawl lo be n liaylofl into the courtyard, with the SpiiniJi i;iil poinling to the wall that enclosed the court. Wlale standing here listening to the directions the girl wn giving him, as to the road be was to take to rcaili .Madrid — he heard the well-known voice of his poo: liiithful trooper niter n French exclnnintion, anil I'o iie.xt instant tlio report of a carbine shot, and then tlii' noise of a deadly seutlle proceeded from that partol'liit si able which now seemed to be imnicdiately bunealli liii iect. "Oh, fly! — if is your only liojie — may God go wilk yon !" niultcred the agonised girl, slill pointing to tlie wall. More'than half stupificii, Don I'rnnceseo errpl down the stone steps; but us ho ileseendcd, he sowi man who hud come out from the lower npartniiiit f from the slnhle, advance across the courtyard In lli' narrow space lielween the foot of Ihe stnirsand llio \'M of the outer wall of the f'urm ho had to climli. 11) llieii heard a long heavy groan — and then four nuri .Spaniards e:iiiic out and joined the man ho linil jii-t seen. " The dog of a l'"rcnehiiiaii is done for,'' saiil one, whose voice seemed lo be that of the liosl, " hnl Ir has wounded mo sorely in the arm. (iuiek, hnttPifi' the noise will have awakened his master, and wc »W have troiihio in despatching him I" Don I'ranceseo turned his head — tho light nnil lit girl VNere gone — the door ut the top of tho sfiiirriK seemed closed; but dark as il was, nnd though lie had now croiichcd in the Hiimllest compass possible iimln the rude sloiie liallustraile that ran along one side nl Hii steps, he dreaded they must discover him even I'l*" below as he lay there, for by this lime one of llii- "» hnd brought out a lamp. "lie remniiifl quiet, however, as yet," whi»pe'*l another voice below; " iierhapi) the report of tho fbllon'i gall lias nil III mice." '11 slip of tho St (liri'ctioii, and li.ue escaped shriek was he a vnii e cried Siiuiiiards, fai nlte:iiptiiig hi: 11.111 Fraileese. the feint wlii nllllpil dlllVll III ililliriilty, and S|mt. 'I'lioiigh out r.llt nf d.iiigcr. siieeilily piirsiu iiiiriil, and in Iriivf rsed, he ci his young dclii n'Ciies of dan;; riiiiii which he liiiii' he heard t llie dark healli. »|iprnacli — on liiiiiler, until tin must lie inimei Tims encouraiii 3 nnd ran fiir a loi J ii|i|ireliciisioii nn >.4 lirniight to a pat '2 riglil lielbrc bin was not a tree, a liiin from his liutt'over, he hn wrapping hinise gruimd, hoping I Hint of the liei disu.nercd. Thi nearer; ho saw tl where he lay. sirui'k him. It villains in their steed, which, if i certain lo belra tlnis he would I searching eyes of liis sword was oi iiii retreat down 1 with the resiiliilio iMraiitt'hile the cln.ie, that at one over; liiit tlicy ji disi'nvering him. .louadsoflhe hoofs dicdflway on lii.s ward liir some tini % this time tin |"'iir. I.iglit, how lliat mniiotoiious, 1 til find his way, h still persisted in I tliini. He had ru overi'iime by fitign nn the ground. I liis journey, and so. i^i'i'iiicil a freqiiente (linelinii he should measured sounds ol ln'iil his bend to ti I'mm^di Ihnt if wius liV. Cheered by tl way, nnd in nboiit 1 inl'i fulness of light Inn' him, with a del 'in ;n iiiilskirls. Si llii' village, where li anil ciiiiirailes. Hi,. i'i.in nl'proeecdiiig a passed ere he wns si niiillii'id the troops tiiiial.'ly, ton, there "liat Willi (he dillici lii'^t nn filse scents, i rw.i) drew up the I "liii'li, friim Ihe littl "lisriirily of the pri ;lir.l whieh he hnd c> ill >iiiii, the soldiers 1 call'. '\'\iv door of' 1 ^uriJ liy a latch, am SPANISH UIIKiANUS. 11 ill tlir liiimis (,!' cU til till' i-( lull, 4 a rni;;i'riii'.' m '•liiiiiyi ll' nil I.I! (iilc of Ills sli I |L noeiiK'il t(i sill |, II ovrr Ills laaii, II ofrnliliiTs ai.J will) ill \i'":' lul bill liiiu-. it n lilllc 111' lilt lu'iil, mill iil-'a"! mil romo to no lis lio liiiil il™ P, I ami «'as I'lillin; by the criakiin' he graspi'il Ins a door, wliii'li Ic opriicd bftwoia "llio room, Mill r. scroeiit'il, ruslicil is BtriiflElo noit \ spair loll "ii Ins s pistol willi lie ready tri^'<:i ole into llie rwn I :1, whose comhici satleiitimi. agitated w|iis|ifr, I Ihuru is liardly i niHii, gnspiiii; Inr Kij leaves lliia ii«i»i I r you will he Iw I 111 w lio Bleeps so I your earc !" saij the bravo mlilipil ought of leiivliia » [ep|M'd lo the ollior I ll moved with liiin, I holding down IIb'| n eyes, dit^rlii-oil I ly eoiintenaiice cil leen in search if. [ ll diselosiiio,— ;.; ioine seeoiid:i, the | .■uiiiil. Wliali.f head ol'a lliglil.:'! mi what np|u!:iKill till the h!piiiii-li| he court. Wli .is the girl »a<| to take lo rciitil voice of his I'dom Illation, nnd I'tl liol, and tlicnlliel 111! that part 1)1" lilt I liately beneatli liiij iny God go wil 11 pointing lull* I l-"ranec»co crcpll eended, he so«i| er npartniiiit orl courtyard In lli'l lairs and llie l''l| I to elinili. ll(| then four iiiwl man ho Jinil ju-'l s done for,"' mH'l the host, "liiillifl Huick, hnwrvfiT ster, and we »W1| ho light nml ''"I of tlio FtiiifMl |iil though lioWl |M)ssililo mill"! Iiig one side orilill Ir him even t'nml |e one of 1 1"' ""I yel," wlii«li»'^l liorl of llio follos'l iniii 111!-' not awakened him — lei iik up, and finish him al iiiice." ') li<: speaker's loot seemed to he on the tirsi sli M M' the stiiiio stairs, the light moved ill the same illrielioii, and it was im|K)ssih!e Don I'Vaiicesco could have eyiaped another moment, when a shrill fcimile ■iliriek was heard iit the opjiosilu end of the liousn, and ii voiie cried "'I'lie Kreiiehiimn I'" " The olUeor 1" The Siiaiiiarili, I'aiieying llieir aroused vieliiu was there niliviipting his escape, rnslicd in that direction ; whilst p.iii Kraiiiesco, imderstandiiig and availing himself ol llie feint wliieh ovidniitly proiM'edod from the girl, riliilod down the stairs, vaulted over the wall willi some (iilliciilty, and ran with all his speed from tho accuriiod sj)!)!. , • Though out of their lair, he was still fir from hciitu; Mil iif dinger. They had horses, and would no doiihl siiocilily pursue him ; and then, in the darkness of the iiiijlit, ami in ii wild country he had never before iniversed, he could not tell whether he was (ollowing his young deliverer's directions, or running into fresh HOiies of danger — jierhaps returning on the very den I'liiiii wliii'h he had eseajH'd. Inilced, in ii very short liiiii' lie liearil the hollow, rapid beat of horses' lioofs on ihe dark heath. The sounds did not, however, seoiu to ii|i|iriiMih — on tho eoulrKry, they waxed fainter and rujiitcr, until they died away in the direeliun ho fancied iiiust lie immediately opposite fo that ho was taking. Thus encouraged, he summoned U|> all his strength, and ran li)r a long lime ; but the returning agony of his nppreheiisioii may be conceived, when lie was suddenly liriiiiglit to a pause by hearing the sound of horses' t'eet right l)eH)rc him, and iidvaiicing to meet him. There wa.i not a tree, a bush on the wide open heath to conceal hiin from his blood-thirsty pursuers. Fortunately, liDweicr, he had retained his dark grey cloak, and wrapping liimsell' in this, he laid himself flat on the gruiiiid, hoping that its ccdour, which Hssiinilaled with lljiit of the heath, would prevent him from being disoovereil. The galloping liorses came nearer and nearer; he saw them lake the very direction of the spot where ho lay. And now another dreadful thought siruik him. It might very well bo that ouo of the villains in their haste had inouiited his own favourite steed, which, if it came near where ho lay, was almost certain to betray hln, by stopping or neighing, and thus lie would ho discovered, even if ho osca|)eil the siarcliingeyesof the murderers, lie grasped his pistols: his sword was out of its sheath, as it had been siiiee lii.1 retreat down the stairs of the liou.se, and thus ho lay with the resohition lo sell his life dearly. Meanwhile the lior.semeii came close upon him — so chise, thai at one lime ho ihoiighl he should Ijo riilden over; hut lliey pas.seil the s|iot wlierc he lay without disiovering him. lie remained supine as he was till the soundsof the liuof's and the villains' dreadful imprecatioiis dicdnway on his ear, when ho rurv, and again ran for- ward liir sDino time at the top of his speed. liy this time the fir.st rays of morning began to ap- |sar. Light, however, was of little serviee^to him in lliat inoiiotoiious, mikuown country, as lo assisting him Id find his way, hut, on the contrary, if his pursuers still persisted in their search, it wouM beiniy him to thiiii. lie had run himself out of hrenth, and was so oviTiniiie by fitigue, that he was obliged to throw himself on the ground. Having rested for awhile, he resumed his JDiiriiey, and soon came to a toh'rahly good, and what si'i'iiied a ficipieiited road. As he hesitated here what direelinii he shoiihl now take on tliis road, the di.stiuit, niiMsured sounds of a drum faintly struck his ear ; he lieiil his head to the earth, mid then heard distinctly ciiniigli that it was a I'reneh drummer iH'atiug the reveil- liT. {'Iieered by these welconie tones, he pursued his w.iy, and in ahoiit a quarter of an hour, as day broke into fulness of light, he saw a low, little village close he- fiirr him, with a (letiehment of I'Veneh tioiips luiustering 'in ;;s imlskirts. Setting up a shout of joy, he ran on to the village, where he was presently sale among tVieiiils mill eoiiiriides. His tale of horror was soon told, and a jiliin of proeieding arr.inged ; but mure than two hours |visseil ere he was snllieieiitly refreslud loinomila horse, and lie id the troops ill search of Ihe assassins. I'lifor- Iniialily, too, there was no cavalry on the spot; and wimt willi the dillieiilty of retriieing his steps, and time liwl on false scents, it was near noon when Don Fran- ri'sii) drew up the troops In-fore a solit.iry larni-house, wliirli, I'liim the little he had been able to see of it in tlii' (ilisrnrily of the preeeiling night, he lliouglit must be thr.l which he had esea|M'd from. Aller having shouted ill vuiii, the soldiers sealed the walls, and Imr.^t ojieu the |!.':ilo. The door of the dwelling-house was merely se- mnd liy ,t lalcli, and when liu entered it, if tho absence of every inniate had not been proof inoiigh, Don Fran- eeseo i oiild have sworn lo the apartment. He rushed up the ladiliT to the aeeiirsed li)l\, e.\peetiiig to liiiil the body of his friend, but il was gone, and no trace of litnod, or of any thing eoimeeled with him, was Nil there. Some of the .soldiers meanwhile had gone into the stable.s, which they liiund as empty as the rest of the house — all the horses bad Ihcii removed, as also the Isidy of the poor Pole; hut on some straw, ill a corner of the stalde, they found a Utile (hidI of blood. This was Ihe only evi- dence oririme the premises retained. On hulking over Ihe house, it was diseovered lh;it Ihe provisions, and iii;ar. ly all the portable articles of household fiirnilure, (li'W, and simple enough in Spain !) had been carried oil*, ll was vain to think of pursuing the fugitives ; they liiilnl in their search atler the bodies ol'tlie young oliieer and the Pole; and then Don I'Vaiieesco inarelu'd his men to the hilts where, on Ihe preceding night, he had siiokeii with the goatherd. The huts were as empty as the farm-house ! To eolicliide a long story, the murderers were never caught. The eonipanion of the niiirdereil I'Venehmaii, and the boy that had aeeompanied them, weri' ii< ver more seen or heard of; and it was snpposeil that, sepa- rated by accident, or the design of the Spaniards, from his friend, this second rrinehman nut the late of the tirst, and that the guide also was killed. I set aside two or three horrible and disgusting stories of Spanish robbers to make' room for the tiillowing inte- resting anicdote, ((^ommuiiieated to me by my kind aiieali'd that his business was nr gent, saiil he was no coward, that he haly-lillairri'ed silver hiilloii, and pUieed il in the hands of the Kiiglishiiiaii, bi ;.'!riii(r him lo lie can lid of it, and to presinl it lo any rolilii rs lliat might att;ieU him in the Sierra. " Unl were i/oii really attaeki d on your joiirpey ."' nipiiri d the merehanl. " The button was res|ieeted by all the rubbers I met, and I believe 1 saw them all," said the Spaniard ; " but isk no more i|iiislioiis, and tike lari' of the liiillon ; to- iiorrow villi will see win tin r il have lost its charm." With many Ihaiiks, the l'aii;lislmi.iii liKik his leave, mil went lo Isil. (hi Ihe tiillowing morning, win n he I'ontiniii'd his jiiiirney, Ihe silver buttiin ran in his head for Slime time, lint it was nut until noon, as he was toil- ing up one of the most rnggid of Ihe miiimlain paths, that he had Ihe oppiirlnnily of trying its virtue. There his guide, who rode beliire him, was sndileiily knocked oft' his mule, by a blow from the hutt-end of a ninsket, and till' next instant three other guns were levelled at the Fnglishman's breasi, by men who stepped from be- hind a rock. The attack was so sudden, that his ideas and reeoHiclion were disturbed, and be |ml his hand ill his po( ket, bronght out his purse, and di livered it to the roblHTs, who were c„lling him all sorts of opprobrious names, heliire he thought of his silver lnillon. Ihit when the reeolleet ion came lo bis mind, and he prodncid il, iimeli diiiihtiiig of its eHieaey,tlie oaths ol'the Salteadores were stopped at once, as lliongh a saereil relic had In en held hel'oic llieir !(■'■: '/ '>'.'i r-'..^ i ivT ■ ■ ii >v>j mcrdiaiit wduIcI tlicii liavi' rctiiriictl itic silver butloii, hiil the niliU'r iiisisti'd on liis k('i'|iiii{r il. " You, or Koiiic fritiKi ot'yiiiirH, iiiiiy liavr to |iiish tliis way afraiii," said lie, "and wlincvrr liiis tlu' ImllMii to priiducc will li(j r(s|K'Ctcd as you liaTc liccii ris|H(li(l I (Jo with <;nredations entitle him to a fo most rank in the aimals of modern brisfandism. Weinde di k in vain for his (([ual in northi'ru Ilurope. This man's real name was John liuekler, ami he was born in 17711, at Mwklen, on the rijrht bank of the Rhine. His descent and traininj; were froinl. J lis falliir, as Ibnd of a vafrrant life as be himself U'came, li>rs<>ok his wife and family and enlisted in an Austrian i ( jrinnnt ; soon (rrowinjf tired of Hie army, or of the .Austriaus, he descried fioni them, and llcil lo the Prussian territories, where his wife and his son John, Ihcn nine years of a(;c, joined him. The elder liuekler oblain<'d employment as forest keeper, and was able to send his son to scliool, where -Master John was iuslrueled ill the Lutheran eomniunion. He might have continued an honest lad for some time longer, but one day, when he was about sixleen years old, a ]mbliean entrusted liim with a whole liiuis d'or to purehusc some Kinnggli'd brandy for llie bouse — this temptation was too strong for the virtue of llannes, who spent the money in a jollifieation with his comrades, and then, afraid of Ihc coiiseerale resource, be gan tnieving — some lor the mere objict of supporting exisli'U" ' ; ollnrs, ani- luali'd by a principle ot n.'O'^'e against tin armed o|i;iressors. l)f ihe latter sort was the uolorion.'i band of I'ickard, in ilclginm. Tlie [wlili' il state of tlic country favoured thur inipunily. Tb. lillle (Jerman govi'ruments, ccelesiastii ,,i .md secular, into which it w a-; parcelled under tlie old systi ui, bad bart the French laws had suiH'rseded Ihe lierman, but wen* not yet consolidalcil anil enlbrieil, and the siibordinale agents of justice had U'eome remiss in their duties, from the contagious ex- ample of general ilisordir into which society was thrmvn. .Mechanics of all trades, vagrants, |m dlers, strolling mu- sicians, lalionrers, woodmen, Ji'ws, formed the first band of roblKTs that apiK'ared on the right or (ierman side of Ihe Rhine, as early as the years IIM — i." Surely such fatal results as these ought to have weight with the aiii- bitious wagers of war, and witJi such as with uncertain prospects of success would revolutionise a country. It is not Ihe exeessi-s of Ihe army in the field that are alone to be feared — it is iiol the passions and the vices of sol- diers that are alone to be provided against; but the dis- order and lieenlioiisness of a di's|)oilcd .ind cmbitlered populace, that are almost as sure lo follow in the train of war and revoliilion, as one wave of the sea rolls on tin other. Uiil a Ixxik devoted to roblnrs is not likely ti refi>rni conipierors, so let us return to the life of our robber of the Rhine. The daring hands among whom he fell in the wild country of Ihe lloehwald readily admillid Hannes as a menilKr, and soon had reason to applaud his activity, address, and bravery. Hut alter committing various de- predations, and such as .stealing horses (to which he seems to have had all a Yorkshircman's parti.ility), &c. he fell a second time into the hands of justice, and into a prison. His good luck and talents did not, however, desert him, and a second lime (taking some of his com- rades in the band, now fellow-prisoners, with him) lie contrived to escajM', by breaking through a wall of the prison of Sarrebruck. He must have Ircii rather care- less, or confident in his own resources ; for not long allcr he was seized in another i>art of the country, and after ,an exaniinalion, committed to a dungeon in the strong tower of Simmeriii. This was the third time Master John was in prison, ind the old proverb saith, " take care of the third time ;" but he was as lucky as Ihougli it had lieen only his first lie thrown with fortune. Hy means of a broken knile, he contrived lo remove u Iniard in the wall of his dungeon whence creeping into an outward apartment, he wrench- I'd the iron bars from the window, and lea|K'd out from a considerable height. He fell in his descent, and a heavy stone, w hicli he had loosened, fell after him, and wounded him severely in one of his legs. Spite, how- ever, of this wound, lie managed to crawl along in the dark lo a neighbouring forest, where he lay concealed for two whole days, without food, and without assistance On the third, he Ibund liis way to the smig, retired bouse of an old associate, where his wound was dressed and where he received all the succour and sympathy his ease di'inanded. lie soon reoovired, and showed that his hair-brcadtli escapes, and pains, and suff'erings, had brought about no iienilencc. He iK-gan his career of highway robliery and general briganilism in company with numerous associates, who eoiilinucd to increase un der Ihe shadow of his prrstizr, talents, and energy, and who, for these qualities, Tiow a< knowledgcd him, not ns a simjile comrade, but as Iheir eliief. Tlie other banditti, and even Ihe sanguinary Hlaek Peter himself, by de. grees, submitted lo his authority or advice. No cxiH'di- tion of moment was planned and midertuken, save by tlie dire<;tions of the famous jail breaker, who thus became the soul of the complicate limly. It was now, in Ihe jile- iiitude of his power, tliat Master John liuekler accpiircd Ihe nanie of Schinder-hannes, or Jack the I'layer. He was young, rather handsome, clever, as wc have seen, and a jiupular man with the fair sex, having had sundry love adventures of considerable eriiit. Hut his qualities as a romantic hero wero soon increased, for he fixed his afll'ctiong upon a pretty girl, one Julia Blocuus, whom, in di'liaiies of the elimrli, il apjiears, h illed his u jji The fair Julia, tJie daughter of a fiddler and lioriibloMir of some eminence, uci'oinpanied liini oceaiiuually in hia expeditions, dressed in male ullire. 'i'hu audiieily of Sehinder-hamies's band is almrist ia redihle, and can only be understiHid by rcfereine to the state of the ceuiitry, as I have described il. The tr.iVt-I. Ids on Ihe highway did not olVei siillieient hisily ; lliiy proceeded to force open bouses, and to attack wlioli- nl. iages, carrying on at times a sort of regular fight with the inhabitunls. In Ihese n|H'rations, the captain, witli one or two of bis cleverest men, was always the first to enter the house, having left part of his troop lo guard Ihf ajiproaehcs, and to fire u]k>u any one who ilared to I'luii^ near. His inlrodiietory essay in this line was niadr in Ihe year IHIIO, on the house of a gentleinau named ifir. gel, who livi d at Olzweilcr. Sehinder-hanncs, with four. teen of his null, armed with firelocks, suddenly ap|ii'ari.l one night at the house of an honest miller in the ininit. diate neighbourlKHid. They came with a gniwl a|>|Mli|. , and imposed on the hospitality of the miller for a giiwl Slipper, which they ate, and then went to work — .inil, n first, in u |Maceliil way enough, for they knocked a rai. t.it at .Mr. Riegel's door, which was opened by that gm. llemun's son-in-law. Selunder-hannes and two of his inm rushed in, when their l^chaviour Iweaiiie less civil. Tl.ir began to ilMreatthe inmates, and threatened .Mrs. Riisil with death if she did not reveal where the money wni concealed. Hut still worse followed; fiir while iJie gi^-i lady was shrieking in the hands of the robbers, her lm<. band, trying to escape through a window, was find .t. and killed on the spot; and her son-iu-law was sevi n v wouiidc d. The report of firearms niarinrd the m ii;L. hours, who sallied out in great nninbers; and tliiii lb- banditli thought it prudent to reliie, which Ihcy liic keeping up a running fire against their pursuers. It is to be remarked in Seliinder-hanncs's dcpredi^tir:;; that the Jews, who are numerous in tlii't part of Ci:. many, and often wealthy, were the principal vicliin< i\ Ihem. He, indeed, seemed to consider that pcopli- u legitiinale jilundcr ; and strange as it may now appi .ir m more civilised, settled, and tolerant days, many |M'opli rj the eoimtry, who were not roblu-rs, apparently eilerlaiiiii the same opinion. He assailed Ihe liouse of a rich Jti named WollV, at Ollenbach, and carried off a considcral k booty. At .Merxheini, the rent-7n(isler, or inagistrat<-i: the place, pointed out lo him another Jew of the naiiu- ■: Ha'r, as a man of wealth, and as one who had renclt-ri.; himself obnoxious to the people ; and inmicdiately ac-tiiiJ on the suggestion, Schinder-hannes attacked and pliir.- dered the house with little obstaeh'. The robbers ti !l ii with the watch, to whom they plainly stated they « three men. They turned out not worth the Iroiilili'': stopping; they had only a few kreut/.ers a-pieec, wliiih they had gained by tralticking at the fair. 'I'lie ni;^nn- nimoiis robbers despised so paltry a liooly, and li it the Jews their lealliern purses. Hut Schinder-hannes wnsr a jocular mood, and he ordered them all to pull olf tin;: shoes and stockings. In a minute every Jew aiiiu: them pulled olf his shoes and stockings. Schinder-lianiies Iheiiinailc them throw them nil in heap on one side of the road, and he and his eompai>i"nj. with their gun-stocks, so tossed and tumblcci and iiilvii the shoes and stockings, that fellows so pirted coin|i.iiiy. it would have been a dittleult job indei d to find nut i pair among them, or for any man to fit himself In Im own, even if ten minutes had been allowed him. " i\ow then, Jews," cried Sc;liiuder-hannes, "lake v^; every one of you his own stockings and his own i^li"!. put them on, and decamp instantly. He honest, if M can, and take no one's things but yiuir own. 1 will sIidJ every one of yon that takes another man's shoe or nn^ tlier man's stocking ! Quick ! quick 1 he ia n dead mu who is Ihe last to bo fitted \u his own, and off, aa sure a I Wi VOL. f. Solf A(^iiu my 11.1111'' IS |.)Ui'r-i II vellt'i Will nigh iIh threat am Jcivj threw rmd-sidc, aiit •lix-kiiigs cut llier in tiicir I1.-U111CS had an «pe<-l.u-le, a si wnlki-doff wit 'i'lic mere spread fur and liv a (mhlic.-il \U\\Vf^i\ oil till' the u'raltliier Srtiincler-hann( ;i^in4t him, til I'nhke the Ital wildi and glooi lrei|iinitcd the appeared in the robberies ; they and frttirais, an rnce. Wlion d repaired to iiis . ,'i until called agi ' \ lion." Besides 1 Miually devot»-d !uv fill to the law lion, selling the to p.-occed from 'I'lic robbvr.t 1 I the Rhine" — for ■J iJieir spoils to a | iter a successful generally the Ic the river, where and dispose of th( 4 appearance acc«r i Ill's was very lia| I that he once for a I a steady iiierchan I itt.irt, Frankfort. tf lio had a narrow diers in the electoi 111 a drunken bra' sir.n, after pillagir llie Palatinate, he rha-weurs, thai he lijyloft. The sol again miraculous! last : he had worn tlie career of his 1 IK' was closely w rould no longer pr ncnt peril — for ev( .iffaiiist him. He I'usion and horrors Mwcen France nr Ind eonscr|uently 1 rily, and the admii energy, who dcteni .Schinder-hannes to plac, but lie ci liini.and was at lai for him, however, i • virtue of ncccssitj of a captain of robb and addressed hiina be was readily ncci nunc. He marchC' l>ourg, and might 1 mud vilbgc in Hun known him, and ha' Ws past misdeeds; •cirecr of crime on 1 mi^ht have reformci the ornament of an kilkincT through tin 'loiitally met by a | 'rnounced him to th ' r.haiines— the rob! 'iiounced and pro XEW i>BHII»--1 ^jA:xxWwm^B sffiii.®©^ ©i:s®irmii»2m® %:imm^Amur^ lll'll Ills will ml Imriitili'iir ■jioiially ill lilt [I in almost in urerrliii.' t" ll'; I. Tlir Ir ,v.|. lit tiiKity i tiny lark Hliiili' 111. liar ri(r''* *^'''i '. n:i|itaiii, wiih ays the tir>t to op to iriianl tlii: [1 ilart'il to '"in* !• wn» liiailf ir. an named l!i>- niicH, with f'lur. (Idelily ai)|il*lil', iiilUr lur a (T'Hxi o work — and, it y knoekcd a rat. iiid hy lliat mu- ll two of his 11110 U'ss rivil. Tl.tv died Mrs. Riicil the money W3i ir while tlie C'."! rnhhers, her lm<. ;o\v, was tired ..t. law WHS sevi n y irmrd the m iali- ■rs; and then lift which they ilic r |)nrsnerp. nes's de|iriil::tini;:. that (larl ot' l^tr. •inri|ial vietiiiK ■! ler that iieoiilv as may now o|i|iear in ys, many jN'oiilf a larcntlyer.tertaiiiiJ luse of a rieh Jt.« d oil" a consiilcralk r, or niagistrati'it cw of (he name I : who had remleri.; ninicdiatcly aeiin; ttaeked and I'tnr- The rohhers till la stated they wc- tliey were alli«vi>l Ivoiiritc season? Sr [its were preliTriJ their trial, mI.'- titicc, that niii^t ■! and some ot l!* I 1, iu the leisnro i lently attend to (!.( k-hicfly as snfi'erfn i-s's exploits. <>i- Jinhnscade ne.-irtU lers, saw a ciir.vM Im a fair at Krrm. InjTcd them an'l "'■ Vid at onee, N ''.if prill the troiili'f kers a-piere, wlini lair. The in: L^"• lonty, and li il iks jider-hannes w:isr (all to pull oil' lla:; Tvcry .lew uIuol! • row them nil iri lid his eoiiipaiii"ni. linililed and iiiivii In parted eoiniwuy llced to find 'Wl ' I tit himself III liU Iwed him. linnnes, " take \n lid his own ^h"- 1 He lionest, if ym lown. 1 w ill shell Van's shoe nr »n'> he is a dead nm liiid off, as sure " VOL. I. l*fIILAI)KLI>IIIA, MARCH 5, 1H33. NO. 8. Priktid asii Fi'iiliiiiiiiu iiv ADAM W.M.IIIK, Nn. n. North Biuii-ih iTRKtr, l*iiii.Ai>ii.piiii— .Al $A lur .VJ iiiiiiitxri, pnynhle In nihnnre. R. II U S. \V(J01), rHl:.|ic|l«, Nkw Vhiik, anil PiiliH.liern liir iliu sinlu nf Nrw Viir^ fciiil all ilii' Niw Knglnnil rilKO.NIX N. wool) «!. (11. llnnKSCI.I KR». llM.n.MillIK, Sole Aniili fiirtiK' mali'ii III' .Maryl I, Virullia, ami Uliin, mul llie illy of New Orlism. And he and (lis fol- ,„v iiniiie is Scliiiider-haniies ! |,,\vir< levelled their iniuikets at ilio Imrc-footed Jews. Will iiijrh bereft of their seiisca, by the dread wliicli tin threat and the name of the robber inspired, the |>oor J,.«s threw themselves aJtogether on the heap by the r.wd-side, and beg.-in scranibling for their shoes and .t.)rkinir«, cullinp, and scratching, and abusing one aiio- ilifr ill liieir hurry and impatience. When Schinder- li.iniK-s had amused himself for awhile with this ludicrous «(,ei t.iik-, a subject worthy of Ilo^rarth or Wilkie, hi' walki-d off witli lii.< comrades ahnost dying with laughter. 'J'lio mere nainc of the robber, v»'liose exploits were «oread far and wide, now struck terror into every breast. iK » polilieal alternation of kindness and severity, he i„i[>ne in an affray with a party of sol- iljprs ill the electorate of iMayence, with whom he engaged ill a drunken brawl at a public house : on another occa- sion, after pillaging the house of a Jew at Bayerlhat, in the Palatinate, he wa-s so closely pressed by a party of rhafwcurs, that he was obliged to seek concealnicnl in a liivloft. The soldiers visited his hiding-place, hut he ainiin miraculously escaped. Hut this escape wafl his last : he had worn out his extraordinary good luck, and tlie career of his crimes was now drawing near its end. IK' was closely watched and tracked to his haunts ; lie could no longer prosecute his expeditions without immi- nent peril — for even tlie peasants were now on the alert a;aiiist him. He had risen and thrived during the con- fusion and horrors of war, but |)eace had now been made Imtwecn France and Austria, tlie provinces on t!ie Rhine' Ind conse(|uently been restored to tranquillity and sccu- rily, and the administration was in the hands of men of energy, who iletermined to extirpate the banditti, Schinder-hanncs for some time wandered from place lo plac, but lie every day found his resources failing him, and was at last arrested on suspicion. Fortunately for Siiri, however, nobody knew him, and when, making a virtue of necessity, he was fain to sink from the dignity of a captain of robbers to the grade of a common soldier, and addressed himself to an Austrian recruiting captain, lie was readily accepted, and cnlis'cd under an assumed nimc. He marched with the rest of the recruits to Lim- bourg, and might have marched thence to some snug mud vill-vgc in Hungary, where nobody would ever have known him, and have escaped the pursuits of justice for liis past misdeeds; he might have commenced anew career of crime on another and a distant Uieatrc ; or he mi^ht have reformed, and become the Bcrjcant-major and thr ornament of an Austrian regiment i but, as lie was vilking through the streets of Limbourg, he was ncci- 'I'litally met by a peasant who recognised him, and ionounced him to the mngistrates as the famous Schin- T-liaiincs — the robber of the Rhine ! No sooner was he nounccd and produced hy tiic oflicer to whom ho SEW 8BRIB8 — 8 enlisti'il, than the whole town flocked to see the man of whose exploits they hud heard so much. Schinder- lianiies had ciiltivuled too numerous an acquaintance to ho|ie to escn|ie detection ; he hung down his head ; but he was sworn to by many who had met him on the road in llio exercise of his calling. The Austrian cap- tain gave him up to the civil power, riid •Sehinder- haiines, aHcr a career of unexampled audacity and success, (for this part of Europe,) which had lasted five years, was taken by a strong escort to Maycnce, in May 18(1'-}. As soon as ho saw himself in the hands of of the French gens-d'armes, he cried " I am lust! now, indeed, it is all over willi nic !" On his arrival at .Maycnce, ho was brought before the judges of the special criminal court, and to them he at once and freely gave u detailed account of his life and adventures. Such of his accomplices as were still living, were sue cessivcly secured, and after eight montlis spent in investigations, and in receiving dcjiositions against the robbers, in February 10(^3 the criminal court of Maycnce declared itself competent to proceed on the trial of the accused. Omitting the doubtful or the frivolous, no less than fifty-three serious and substantiated charges were brought against Schinder- hannes. His accomplices arrested were sixty -seven. Among this number figured old Buckler, the forest -keeper, Schindcr-hano,.s's father ; the robber's mistress Julia Rla'sus; various utlier wo- men, wives, niistri'sscs, and sisters of tho banditti; .several itinerant musicians, Jews, a miller, &.e. The acts of instruction, dc|>osition, and interrogation pro- duced for this extraordinary trial, filled, v/hen printed live thick folio volumes. The public trial did not commence until the S4lli of October 1803. Three uf the accused had died mean- while in prison, but siity-fivc w ere brought before the court. One hundred anathirty-two\vitnesses3p|>cared fur the prosecution, and no less than two hundred and two for tho prisoners. The first and second days of the trial were employed in reading tho act of accusation. The whole trial occupied twenty-eight days. Schinder- haniics was firm and bold, and even gay. He enter- tained the hope that he should escape the capital punishment; but on thedcpositionof the miller's mother of Merxlieiin, to whose arm the robbers had applied a burning candle to extort her money from her, Schinder Imnnes's eoiintonancc fell ; till then he had succeeded tolerably well in making himself out, a criminal indeed, but one averse to cruelty or the shedding of blood, but at tliat moment he said, in a sad, despondent tone, " It is all over! I hear the scream of the bird of death!" The horrid punislimentof being broken on the w heel, which had been usually awarded to culprits of !iis class in that country, now presented itself to his imagination. The boldest might tremble at such a fate ! He asked the president whether he was so to suffer ? When answered that that species of punishment had been abolished by the French law, ho recovered his 8elf-|)osscssion, and added — " If 1 have wishecl lo live, it is only because I intended tu become an honest man!" During the whole of the trial he constantly endeavoured to screen his father and his mistress. It appeared, however, in evidence, that Julia had accompanied him in some uf his minor expnditions, especially tu the house of Isaac the Jew usurer ; and that his parent also hud participated in some of his crimes. After a most patient investigation, Schinder-hannes was found guilty of all the charges, and with nineteen of his accomplices condemned to death. Fifteen more of the culprits, among whom was Schinder-hanncs's father, were sentenced to hard labour in irons, for various terms, from six to twenty-four years ; two others, with one of the women, to two years imprison- ment; Julia nioBsuB to two years in the house of cor- roction ; and two other women to be expelled from the French lerritoiy. The rest were acquitted. Schinder liannes heard tho sentence with mnch in- difference, s.t (^ when he evinced a lively satisfaction on hearing the loniont punishment of his mistress, and that his father's lil< 'vas to be spared. lie asked to speak with tlie presidei but it was not to say one word for himself; it was oiu> to express his hope that liis father, his Julia, and his child, might be taken care of after his death. On the niurniiig of the 'Jl.-,t of Novemlier, tho day tixed u|Kiii for the exeeulion.a elergviiiaii visited the piisniiers. Sehinder-lianncH told liiiii he was resigned lo his liile, and rcs|teetliilly reqiipsteil him to bestow iiii spiritual care andeunsolation on eerlaiii of his comrades who needed them more than he did. He, however, ex- pressed a wish to take the saeraiiieiit. Whi'ii lie arrived ut the place of execution, he hastily clinilied up the scaH'ohl, and cxaniined the giiiiloline with minute ul- I'nlion : he was curious to know whcth'r its stroke was as pruinpt and siirn as he had been given lo undersluiid it was, and put the question with an urifallering tongue. Oil being answered in thealiiripi.live, he turned round and addressed the crowd. " I have deserved death," said he, " but ten ul' my roiiipaiiions die iriiiocent !" meaning, probably, that t'le.so ten had never been guilty of murder — th'> only ciime. in his idea, that merited death. He then laid his head on the bloi k, and found the transilii.'ii from this world to the dread unknown, quite as rapid as the exeeutioncrs told hi:ii it ttonld be through tho agency of their apparatus. The subalterns tiillowed their captain, and '•he execution of tho twenty culprits occupied only tv.eiity-six minutes, making one minute eighteen seeuni's lur each man ! The destruction of this daring band cleared the Rhine of robbcis ; but the irihabitar.ts on the hanks of that beautifiil river will long retain the truditiona of .Schinder-hannes. HUNGARIAN ROBBERS. This story was told ine hy an Italian officer, who waj serving, at the time he first learned it, with the "Grande .\rmsc" of Na|K)leon. It seems to nir to eontniii one of the most striking, most dramatic, and terrible scenes that can be conceived, and I have oiilv lo regret that I lack the talent nr power of telli>:g the tile of horror so well as it was told to me. It was a few weeks liefore the termination of tho short, but (for Austria) fatal campaign of 180!) — that eampaign which, begun nobly by the Aiistiians, ended in their seeing Bonaparte dictate to their prostrate em- pire from their capital, and shortly after elaim ns his bride the daughter of the sovereign he had so injured and humbled — that nn Hungarian horse-dealer lell Vienna to return to his home, which was situated in an interior province of his country. He carried with him, in pnpcr money nnd in gold, a very considerable sum, the product of the horses he hud sold at the Austrian capital. To carry this in safety was a difficult object just at that lime ; for troops, French and Austrian, were scattered in every direction, and he knew by expcrit.iie, that it was not always safe to fall in with small parhcs of soldiers, even of his own country or governmeni, (to say nothing of the French,) but that Creates, and wild Hussars, and Hulans, nnd others that fought under the Austrian eagle, were sil- dom over scrupulous as to " keeping their hands from picking and stealing," when up|>orluiiity was favourable or tempting. The dealer, however, relied on liis minute knowledgu of the country he had traversed so often ; on the bottom and s|iecd of his thorough bred Hungarian horse; — and having obtained what he considered good information, as to tho posts occupied by the iH'lligcrcnts, and tho range of country most exposed to the soldiery, he set out from Vienna, which he feared would soon U; in tho hands of the enemy. He went alone, and on his road carefully avoided, instead of seeking the coiiipuny of otlicr travellers, for he reasonably judged, that a .solitary individual, meanly dressed ns he was, might escape notice, while a party of travellers would be sure to at- tract it. By his good management he passed the Hungarian frontier unharmed, and continueil his journey homeward by a circuitous unfrequented route. On the third night after his departure from Vienna, ho stopped at a quiet inn, situated in the suburbs of a small town. He had never been there before, but the house was comfortable, nnd the appearance of the |)cople about it respectable. Having first attended to his tiri^d hnrso, he sat down to supper with his host and family. During the meal, ho was asked whence he came, and -.vhen he said from Vi- enna, all present were anxious io know tlic news. Tlio .'»i K •'4 ■if 114 MVE8 OP BANDITTI AND ROIIRERS. di'iilcr told lliciii ull lio kmw. The hl)^l lluii iii quind what l)iisiiusa had carriid him to Vitiiim. lli lold thciii ho had lucii thcro to Kill some of the In'st liorsi'H that wtre ivcr taken to that market. When he lieard liiis, the liost east a {rlunce at one of the men of the family, who seemed to he his son, whieh the dealer Kcarei ly ohscrved then, but which he liad reason to recall afterwards. \'i'lien Slipper was finished, the Oitipued traveller re- (jucfted to he slimvn to his Ind. The host himself took np a lif;ht, and condiieted him aeniss a lillle yard at llie hack of the house to a detached Imildinp, whieh con- lained two roonw, tolerahly decent for an llnnfrarian hosti I. In the inner of these moms was a Ik(I, and here (he host lefl liim to himself. As the dealer threw oil" his jacket and loosened llie jrirdle round his waist M-licri his money was dejiosited, he thontrht he ini^'lit lis well SIC whiiher i! was all safe. .Vecordinfrly, lie drew ( lit nn old leathern purse that containi'd his jrold, iind th'ii a tattered parehinent p.ii Kil-hook that envelop- «'d the Austrian hank noti's, a-id finiliii^' that liotli were quite ri:;ht, h" laid them under the hol.ster, exiinfriiished tlic lijfiit, and tlirew himself on the heil, thankin;; liod and the saints t!ial had carried him thus far homeward in salily. lie hail no inis^rivinij as to the character of the people he had fillen amnnjriit to hinder his re|)ose, nnd the poor deiler wa.s- very soon I'lijoyinjj n profound nnd happy sleep. He mi jilt have hecn in this state of hentitiule nn liour or two, when he was distiirhed by a noise like that of 111! opeiiinj; window, and liy a sudden rush of cool ni;;lit rir; on r.ii-in? himself nn tlie lied, he saw peering; Ihron^'h an open window which was almost iinmediat ly above t'le lird, the head and sbmilders of a man, who was evidi iilly atle:nptiii!.' to make his inyress into tin room that w ay. .\s the terrified dealer looked, tin' in- triidiu;; (i^'iirc W".B withdrawn, and he heard a ruuiblinir noise, am! ilieii the voices of several men, as he thoufrht, close under the window. The most dreadful apprehen- pions, the more horrible as they were so sudden, now .nsrilaird th.e traveller, who, scarcely knowin;j what he (lid, but ii'terly despniiini; of preservin;f his lile, threw hlm-^elf under the hi d. lie bad seari'ily done so, when the hard b:-e .iliiu^' of a man was beard at the o|kmi win- dow, and I'lc n< \t moment n robust fellow dropped into t!ie room, rnd atler sta;;!;erin;; across it, i^ropeil bis way by the w ills to the bed. I'ear bad iilmost deprived the liorsi-de:iK r of bis senses, but yet he (HTecived Ih.i! the intruder, whoc v.t be iiiiylil be, was drunk. Tliei. was, hovvi'ver, slif.'Iil eoinliirl in tills, fir he mi;rhl only have sualloweil wi le to make Mm the more \ben he heard the tellow Ihrou otV his j iclict on the lloor, and then tivs hiniself upolj t!ie bed under wbiili belay. Teirnr, however, hail taken loo firm a b ild of the traveller to he shaken oft" at once, — llis itleas \vi re too confused to permit llis imairinin;; liny other niiiii\e tl.>i such a niidm^dit iiitrusinii on an ■ inarined in.iii v.itb properly iibniit him, save that of rob. lu'ry anil assassination, and he lay ipiiet wlurc he was until he lie.rd the li !low iiImM- him siiorini; with all the donorniiaiess of a drunkard. Then, indeed, he would li.ive li ll his hiding; pi ice, and jfniic to rouse the people ill the iiiu I 1 ),'it aiinther restiud place instead of the lii'd of wliii h he had been dispossessed ill so siii(;iilar ii inaimer, but, jii'l as he came to this resoliition, he lie.ird till- dKir of the oiit'r loom o|m'|i— then stealthy fteps rrn;s It — then the door of the \ery room he was ill was sollly npnii'il, iiml two men, one of whom was the host and the ntber bis son, iippenied on its threshold, " liCiive the ll;,'bl where it is," wliis|Kriil the bosl, " or It niny ditiirb lii;n and ;;ive iis Iroiible." " Inhere is no li iir of 1I1..I," siiiil the younger man, nisn in 11 whisper, " we are two to one; he has nothing; hut a little kiii:!' ahoiil him — lu' is deiid asleep toul hear how be snores I" " Do my hiddini;," siiiil the old nian, sternly ; " would V'lii have liiiii wake iiml rouse the miijhlHiurhooil with llis screams '" As it v\ji, the horror, triilu 11 dealer uinh r the Ik d could SI in I ly suppress 11 slunk, but he saw that the Ron \i(\ till' liiflit in the outer room, and then, pnlliiii: the iloor partially aOc r llieiii to screen the rays of the lamp from the bed, be saw the two murdererrt ulide to the bed side, and tlieii lieanl a riislliji|x motion lis of arms (leaei'iidiiiK on the bed clothes, nnd 11 hissili).', and then a Kratinir snniiil, tb.it turned his soul sick, fur he knew it cBiuL' fioin knives or d ijifcrs pcnclralinj; to llic heart or vitals of a human beiiifj like him.self, and only a lew inches above his own bmly. This was followed by oik sudden anil violent start on the lied, accompanied by a moan. Then the bed, which was a low one, was bent by an increase of wi'ijjht caused by one or both the innrdcrcrs throwinff theniselvcs niioii it, until it pr< ssed on the body of the traveller. There was an awful silence for a moment or two, and then the host said, " lie is fmished— I have cut him across the throat — take the iiionc)-, I saw him jiut it urnli r his bolster." " 1 have it, here it is," said the son ; " u purse and n pocket-book." The travclbr was then rclicvcil from the wcii^lit that had oppressed him almost to snlliaation, and the ii.ssas- siiis, who seemed to treinble as they W( lit, ran out of the room, took np the lij;ht, and disappeared iiltngcthe.' from the npartinent. No sooner were they f.irly (jonc, tlian the poor deali'r crawk'd from under the bed, toi k one desperate leap, and escapid throufrh the little window by which he had seen enter the unliirlunate wn tell who had evidently been mnrdered in his stead, lie ran with all bis sliced to the town, where he told bis horrid .story and iniracu lolls cscajie to tlu' ni",'ht watch. Thi' niijbt watch con ducted him to the bnrjromaster, who was soon aroused from his sKvp and acijuaintcd with all that had hap- IH'iicd. In less than half an hour from the time of bis esca|)c from it, the horse-dealer was a;;aiii at the murderous inn with the manistratc and a stron^r lone of the horror- stricken iiiliabitanis and the nij;bt watch, who had all run thither in the "jrcatest silence. In the house all seemed as still as death, but as the party went round to the stables, they luMril a noise; cantioniiifj the rest to surround the inn and the outhonses, the ina;;istrate with the traveller and some half dozen armed men ran to the stable iloor — this they opcnctl, and linind within the host and his .son ili;r!.niifr a (rrnvc. The tirst lii;nre that m<:t the eyes of the murderers was that of the traveller. The etl'cct of this on their U'liilty sonln was too miieli to be borne ; they shriiked and threw llicmselves on the ground, and tliou!;li they were immediitely .si i/,i d bj" hard K^'P'"!! hands of real desli and blood, and heard the voices of the ina;,ii.. lievi'd him, he had stolen out of the house, and joined j party of carousers in the town ; of these boon coiii|);i. nioiis, all appeared in evidence, and two of them dcpoMii tb.it the deceased, being ixceedingly inlo.xicatcd, ami ilreading bis filhcr's wrath, should be rouse the hiiu<,. in sneli n state, and at that late liunr, had said to tliiin that he would get through the window into 'iic little il,. tached apartment, and sleep there, as he had ollen ilunt. beliire, and that they two had accompanied iiiiii, and ^,s. sisted him to climb to the window. The deceased hu reached the window once, nnd as tiny thought wniill have got safe through it, hut drunk and iinstcady as he was, he slip|«'d hack ; they had then some dillicully in inducing hiiii to climb again, llir in the caprice of li;- toxieation, he said he would rather go sleep with one 1,1 bis coinrades. However, he had at last ctlectcd his (i,. Ir.inee, and they, his two comrades, had gone to tluir respective homes. 'I'lie wretched criiniiial8 were executed a few wccki afler the cominissioii of the crime. They had cniile..;.Mi; everything, and resbircd to the horse-dealer the golil ami the paper money they had coiiccaled, and which had lu! them to do a deed so iniicli more atrocious Ulan cku they had contemplated. TiiR iii(;iii,ANnCTs or inpia, or tih: ijo HIM.A liOllItKliS. The following nceomit, which is from the pen of •!„ lamented Itishop Ililicr, is replete with interest, and n;. lirs one passage, than which nothing can be well nn,;, impressive and dramatic. It is, moreover, strictly ei,ii. lirmatory of what has been already several tinns uu v.inced : that, as juslice nnd mildness of goviriniiiiii wean men from rapim^ and crime, so ilo tyranny iiml oppressiiiii drive men to jliein; and when, under t'le l,ii lereircunistances, the nature oftlie country is l'avour;il,|,, abounding in I'orests and inomilnin recesses, and Iniu, mg oil the confines ol'another st.itr, an e.\lciisive sysl,i,i ol'bri;;aiidage will ahiinst inv.iri.ihly result. " Tin' I'onipnst of liohileunil by the Knglisb, and l!i, death of its chief in hallle, its eoiiseipicnl eessiou In l'„ N'awah of Oinle, iiinl llie horrilile inaiini r in win,,, ^^ajali lid l),iwlah oppress, d and misgovi rued il, ti,n,i one oftlie worst chapters of the laiglisli history in liulij. We have since innde the liobillas some auieiids l,v taking tlieiii away from OiiiK , and governing tlleiii iiiir- sehi s ; hut, by ,ill I could K iini, the pi ople appear by 11, iiie.ins to h.iM' till gotten or li.rgiu 11 their (irst injuria." Tliiir Insiihiirdinatien and vinliiiee are liivoiireil In the nature of the locality just alluded to — their pro\liio is in the iiiimediale 111 igbboiirbood of Oude, and a i.i>l liiiet eri-ts along the whole of tin ir eastern, soutlaiii and iioillii'i'ii frontiers. " In this liirest a great Rohilla robber, or rebel il.u', i-i by many supposed to have liirki d the last seven years for whose ap|irebciisioii govermnent have vainly oIIitiiI no l,>s a sum than |ll,llllll rupees. Many rnbbciies air. eirlaiuly, still perpetrated In his name; but the opiiiKu of the miigislrates at Shabjelianpoor is, that the iiiiiii 11 really dead, and that his name only, like that ofCiipliiui l{,,el., reinains as the r.illying point ol' innliiiy. TIk iiiililiiy iillieers of our diiincr pnity had ol)en Inniiii this lliiest, wbiihthey ilescrilH' as e.xti ivive, and in wiiii. pliiei s very picturi sipie, with some liw tracts ol' lil^li land, wbciicc, even in this neighbourhood, the siiuuv rani;, of Himiilaya is \isilile. "The Itiihilla insiirgent.< nre usually very liiillil'ul l„ eaili other, and, as in Oude there is in ilhcr poliie m; piiiMiil, it very seldom liapiHUs, if tin y once esc.i|M', lliil lliey can Ih' laid hold of aftiTWnrds. One of llic iii»l inili'l ions of till III, w Ilo had long i liideil jiislii e, caliir iiii) the bands of ginirnment not loni; since, under very m" gi.bir cireiiiii.staiii'es. He Iniil passed over Into iliiil,, .mil iHinght n /.eiiiindiirrie lliiTe, which wn* Inst yui sei/iil on, iiniler cireuiiiKlnnc's of excessive injiisllir, I'l the servants of the king's fivoiirite, who, nt the wmii lime, 1 irriiil oil' one of IiIh wives. The /.emindiir, 1 iiii.iU high spirited and di'M|i<'rnle, rode iiiinn diately In l.ini now, simIi d, by the nsnintnie e id'hii sctvuills, tin; lull licniiaister'si at alone, till lie minister 1 nils came out new tlieiii, p, lli'lll lletweeii lal call their ,).nr, lait he si ataiits under I lilt, ' Draw lie: ivcpt .iinl tore I i r.'radil let tlieni j linn of my wii , [111- llrilis'h ri vas iiiniu'diatt ! Bai' tiantie to t i Hike, either .Air. ■ rill' latter went ^ a ivliii'li he ', if revenge ag.iin • »iiik his wi!i' by . lot, howt'vi'r, liianie in Onili Jritisli, saying 1 iii'iit nt' some ti lie tender mere ininiises, had, be liiii. He is now lat it is generally jal that his eonli %U iilfeiiees beiiiri ' Oar scjioys Ilia i||i and dnwii this It' iviirk on their lliiliilliis in reliisii ijiiiermnent, in U'li'I.ite habit ol ■:';:wi\ zeniiinlai l.ii'i- are apt to |1 III,' next." Till' linliillas sc( )■:. nnd to long.ta iliil li'irsr III' V, ,vin il. '• Keep •Hill's ive, or yo r Viinpslii'hr I" " 'I 1 1t ■ lii'iiig a sliort-ti ii:uA'j"ni':,«;_ij — <;» I', iilr:il India was I,,.- liie most par 'ill, 'III sc'inlohavc liing.'igo, oIIk rst I, .'lad the limes o !'!" illy tend to giv. m— mil I'leilitii'st, IliM M.il.'nlm has d '■I'bnll » lili'li ,.||„ i| I of in-li 111! 'I'll ill wall, d toM viiri's of tile linn 'I' lit' 111,' ciinitrv fl>'r\, lllMl|,|;,,w It'll and rootli'ss, "I'Sir .l.ilm M.,U ■rl^iiind the 11:11111 ■ III Iniigi'il to, of I'i ll'illiy ti;;ers; Ihesi i'["il the country, n liiiiiis ibr tlirlr (i I'y Ih.il ill the stat ;l:'i"l sivty-three i li"'' eniphntieiilly 'I'tliiit denotes ill IlliI I,,', II iilbilril '|ifnieid wilh tin •ill iiniliigiious rai "iri' iinl niilv rob! "•'I'llni M.'leobn, II Wilfhlfiil (o 1,'ari 'in a gre.,| i,,,..., ill'il tliroii,;h the «illi |«'rlei| ,,(;.((. I'ftiteof the enii r Hill I lor of .Arab limili wire ob|i.^f,.,| • Niir., Konuniis OF indi a. 115 •nm sU'cp by Ih, )y liiT Imsbaiid's iiiul I'nmtic, uar- iOUnr prn 111' Oiiilr, and a vel | IMlf-tlllli WlUtll' lliiT, . hia llic npiiii' II , that till' man 11 1 likr that i.rCiilibi .r nintiny. ■Ml. had olVn bi Dlli'iiees before were serious enough." * Oar .sejioys that are scattered in strong detaehmrnts 4iiand down Ibis lawless district, have, generally, plenty I' work on their hands, what with tbu wilfulness of the liiliillas in refusing to atleiid to the decrees or decisions f);nvernment, in matters of disputed property, and " an iveti't.ile habit of ' lilting' cows and sheep, which the ri'yiriv zemiiidars and idle long-legged 'gillies' of one i!la^>i' are apt to li'cl a pride in e.vercising against those I'llii'iie.xl." Til' lioliillas seem particularly addicted to liorsc steal- .'. .iiiil to longtaili d horses. " Take care nf tliat loiig- iliil Imrsi' of yours 1" was the first eaiiliou the bishop liviil. " Kei'p liiin earel'uUy at nigbl, under tlie lev's eve, or yon will never I'arry liiin over Ibe ferry \iiiipsbi'br I" 'I'lie seeoiid horse of the amiable pre- lle liiiii;' a sborf-tailed one, was supposed to be safe. |l'\\.\ri'li:s— lillKHLS-nAlUiHIKS— MtMilllKS — y llial ill the state of llolkar, in |H|T, sixteiii linn- anil sivlylbree villages weri' deserted, or, as the lis I inpbalieally lerin il — "wilhoul n lamp," a 1^1 tlial denotes Ibe evlrcine nf ilesolalien. .All llii» I liail lii'in all'eeird by ibe Imiiditti of Central India. iiproreed wilh these rohlH'rs, the Mrw. lilies are, or nn iniiliigiiou'i race, half Mahoinelaii, hull' llinilim, Mvi'ii' mil only rolilirr< and assassins, Imi, nieoriiinj; hr .liilin Mi'leoliii, Ibe most ilesperate rogues in liidi.i. ellulill'iil to learn f'roiii llishop llelnr. Hint they ni a ure.il measure reelaiined, i\en win ii be iilliil lliriiui:b llie Hceiies of their eriines, which he [«>lli iH'rliif sil'ely; and to eonlrasi Ibis wilh the iT'tiliof till' eoiiiilrv, when il was as ilangrnms iiitiiiorof .Arabia is at Ibis moinenl, and when (ilwiili were olijifi il |„ travel in earavan», and In pay ♦ NiirM'not ii'odiiewio high rales for protection to every paltry plundering Uiija. "'i'liis neigbliourhood," says the bishop, s|K'aking of part of the province of Delhi, " is still but badly enlliv.ited ; but fificen years ago it was as wild as the 'I'errai, as full of tigers, and with no human inhabitants but banditli. Cattle stealing still prevails to a considerable extent, but the .Mewattii s are now most of them snbjeet either to the Ueilisli goveninient or that of Hburtpoor, and the seeurity of li:L and property att'orded them by the former, has indiieed many of the tribes to abandon their t'ortresses, to .seat themselves in the plain, and cultivate the ground like honest men and gejod subjects." The llbeels wlio iiibabit the wild and mountainous tracts wbicb separate .Malwa from Neiiiam and tiiirerat are a totally distinct race, insnlate'd in their abodes, and separali'd by their iKiliits, usages and liiriiis of worship, from all other tribes of Imiia. According to liisbop lleber, they were uiii|iieslioiiably the original inhahitanls of liajpootana, and driven to their fastnesses and lies, perate and miserable way of lil'e by the invasion of tliosi t4ilHS, wherever they iii.iy have come from, who profess the religion of llrahnia. " 'I'his the Kajpoots tbem.selve^ virtually albiw, by admitting in their traditional history, that most of their principal cities and fortresses wen I'ounded by such or such illieel chiet's, and coni|uercd from them by the children of the sun." Here we have again, as it were, the Gael retreating from the Sasiseiiacb, and indemnilyiiig and avenging him- self by Ibray, blood, and pliuider. Thieves and savages as they were, the llritish ollicer.s who conversed wilh Hisbop lleber, thought tin in mi the wliolu a belter race than their eoni|uerors. Tlii ir word is said to Ihi more to he depended on : they are ol a franker and livelier character; their wmmu are far better treated aiul enjoy more inlluenee ; and though tiiey shed blood without scruple in cases of ti'ud, or in Hie regular way of a toray, they are not viiiilieliie or iiilios- pilable under other eiremnstanees; and several liiitieli oflieers have, wilh |H'rfeet .safely, gone bunting and tisi ing in their eouulry, without escort or guide, e.veept w hat these pisir savages tlieinselves cluerl'ully riirni-liid for a link' brandy. " In a Sanscrit vocabulary, seven hundred or more years old, the term Illieel denotes a parlieiilir race ol harharians living on plunder; mid Ibe .Mahalibaral, an ancient Hindoo poem, gives the same deseriptimi of iheiii. At all times formidable, tliey lii'canie the' geiier.il terror of'Cenlriil India under the gnidaiice of .Nadir Sing. This chief eonimitteil a iimrdi r, or raflii r caiisnl it to be en mitfeil. The I'Jiglisli had now the powi r of :!lllllilli^l ing jusliee, and the liillouing instame, wbieli oeeiini d on the trial of Nadir .'^in;'', is stroii"ly ebara'iirietie of flic jtliiel race. " During the exaniiiialion into the guilt of N idir, when taking the evidenee of' some tiinale priioni rs, it a|>|>eari'd I hat the fat In rand liiisband of one ol'llii iii, a i;iil iliont liuirleen years of age, had bein inslrumenis in eommitting the mmdi r of' wliieli Nadir was aeeii-i d. .•^Iie was asked if Ibey put the deeeased In ilealli ; 'dr. Iiiinly they did,' was her llrni reply ; 'bill they ai ti d by mil Dliiiniiee's tor lord's) ordi'r. "'Thai may be true,' il was remarked, 'but it does not clear them ; liir il was not unall'ray;it was u deed |ierpilral "d in lold lilood.' " ' .'^lill,' s.iid llie girl, ' they had the ehieps order !' "Tile pi rsoir* coniliietiiig the e.vaniinalion shook bis head, imply iug it w< iilil not be' reeeiMil in jiistiliealimi. The eliibi, liir she was hardly more, rose from the ground where she was sitling, and, |Niinling lo two senlrii s who giiiiiileil llieni, and were sl.inding at thediHir of'lhe romii, eM'laiined, with all the animation of strong feeling, ' Tliei>e are your soldiiTM ; you are their Dhiniiiee ; yiin words are their laws; if you order llieiii this moliii nl lo advanee, and put me, niy mother, iind cousin, who me now Is'liire you, lo death, would lliey In silate in slaying lime li'in.ile llbeels' If we are innoeent, would you be guilty of our IiIihhI, or these faithful men " Alter this oliserMilioii hIii' re-seati d bersellj h tying, ' .My father and liiishand are Nadir's soldiers,'" The ebiel's of the llbiel.i, inih id, who were ii-unllv ealled IMiomenlli', e\i reiseil the most abiohile jsiwer, and their 1" er I 111 eonnuil the niosi alrmious crimes wire obeyed, is among Itie "lelarii « of Ibe old man of'lhe mounlatu,) by their ignorant bill allnihrd siihjeels, w itii out a I'oiiei plioii, on their pari, thai Ibey had an oplimi. Iliil .Nadir Siii;r was ham .hi d for llie luuider alhnli il In. * fir .liiliii Kl'iliiVni hliiiM-ir III' nnii nmnlKl nii ihr ,ri.l l.y I'apuilii II. flu..!!, Hliii iiiiittl ilowii Ihr n rln exptrattnii his son, who had been Ciirefnllv edueati'd at Sir John .Maleolm'ii bead-ipiartirs, men i (led to his autbcrily, find there is now nti part of tlie (oiiiitry w In re lili' and pro- perty are safer than amid the late drcudiil lil.iils of his father. The Itheels excite Ibe horror of l!ie higher classes of Hindoos," by eating, not only the flesh nf InifVab'Cs, but of cows; an aboniinalion wliii li plaees tlieiii jii.-t above the <'/niiii(in>, or shrainaki rs, vilm feast in dead ear(.'asse!(, and are not allowed lo dwell within the pri eiiii ts of the village. The wild liheels, wbo Ui i p anioiig the hills, are a diininulive and wrilelied-looking race, hut active, and capable of gieat tiiligiie ; they go armed wilh bows and arrows, and are still pidlissed n. libers iinil Ibirves, lying in wait for the weak and impruli eted, while they lly from the strong. Their excesses, however, lire now ehielly indulged in against the Hindoos. " .\ few moiiths since," says Ifisliop II; !.. r, "one of the haz.irs of .Nee- mneb was allacked and pbmdeied by a liiuly ol'llie ' hill peopli';' and there are, dnulilless, evi n in Ibe plains, many who still sigh alter their l.ile anarchy, and oxelaiiii amid the comforts of a |M'a(('alih' goV(rnni(iil, Miive lis niir w il^tlll■s^ and 1 iir wnrils, Our liliLs an, I i'a\es at;aiii !' "The son of Mr. Palmer, ehaplaiu of .N'ussienibad, while travelling lately with his liitheraiid mother in their way from M bow, observed some Ithi els kaiking earnestly at a large drove ol" lull n biillocKs which were drinking in a find. He asked one of the llbeels if the biillmkii belonged to him. ' N'o !' was the reply, ' hut a good part of till III would have In en ours, il" il were not liir you English, who will kt nobody thrive but yourselves." On first apiMoaebing the lilnil villages, the bishop observed a man run from Ibe nearest hut to the lop of ii bill, and give a shrill slioni or ser( am, w hie h he beard lepealed from the furthest hamlet in sif;hl, t'liil again from two other.s, wliii li the bishop eould ik t mc. "I asked the meaning of this," he eonlinues, "and my guards informed ine thai lln :-e were Ibi ir i-innals logivc the lilarni of our coining, our nuinlHrs, and that nc had horse with ns. Hy Ibis means Ibey knew at ome w In Iber it was adv isahle lo attack ns, to lly, or lo re niain miiit, while, iflbeie were any of tliiir mniilier who had parlicnlar reasons liir avoiding an intir\iiw wilh the troops and in.igislrates of Ibe low lands, liny bad thus liiir warning giM n Ibeiii lo luip out of the way. This sounds like a deseriplimi of lioh I'ny's ( a iii.liy, inil llieso poor llbeels are far less liirniidaMi' i !'.i n.ie .i than f!ie old Mae (In gors." This ancient people are very expel t in the urc of ll,o bow, and lia\i a eiuioiis way of slmiling t'rmn the long gras-^, where they li,' ei.m.akd, holding Ihr bow with their fill, lie- ides, against flieir prey, i|iiailruped, biped, and winged, the Illieel- use Ibe bow iiid arrow against fish, wliieli they kill in the ii\ers iiid pn.ls wilh great leitaiiily and rapidity, 'lln ir hows are of' split baniboo, siniple, but siroiig and elastic. The arrow s are nl.so of bamboo, wilh an iron head coarsely inade, and a hiiig single barb. Those intended for striking fish, have lliis head so eontrived as lo slip off frmn the shall when the tisli is struck, but to ri main eouini led wilh il by a long line, on the pnneiple ol'llie harpoon. The shalt, in coii- sei|uinie, remains lloaliiig in the wider, and not only eoiilributes to weary out the animal, but iliows its pur- suer which way he llees, and llmsi iiabli s him to fei/eit. They have many curious euslmns, that date from very reuiole aiiliipiily. Oiir nf tlieiii was witnessed by llishop IIi'Ikt, and donerllK'il In liiit usual felicitoiia iiian- iier. " A nuinU'r of Uhn Is, im n and woincn, came lo our camp, (near Jhiilloda,) \«illi banilioos in tbiir hands, nnil the winneii wilh their i lollies so scanl\, and tucked (i|i so hi|i|i, as to leave the whole Innli ne.M ly bare, 'I'hey bad a drum, a horn, and sonieoIlK r rude ininFlrelsy, and said liny were come to ei li I. rate Ibe liimlir, 'I'hev dn w up in two parlies, one nn ii, one weiiien, and had a iiiick tight, in which at lifrl the llinali s hail mill h the aiKaii- Inge, having very sk inlir poles, vvliile the nn n had only short eiiilgi Is, with which llnylnid soine iliiriiiillv ill guarding their heads. .At last Kome ol'llie vvoini n l,i gun lo strike a little loo hind, on which tin ir aiilagonisls loci leinpci, and elnsi d with them so lii rcely, llial Hie |Hiiir female" were put to the roiil, in real or pri li iided Iciror. They eollei ted a little money in the camp, and (hen went I'll lo iinother villig". The llimlie, aeeording lit the mlbodox sy slein, was ovi r, Inil tin se gaim s are olt< n prolongi (I for Kvcrnl days all, r its i om Im-imi." As bishop Hi Imt advanced in the nnmtrv inreilrd hy the llhdl', 111? nil I cnrav.11111 of lliiii|iirrer*,or i artier* nf f. ' ; '''.''^ t ' ':'^.i y • 'V^' ■■«!■■ ,',■ IIG LIVES OP BANDITTI ANI> KOIIBER8. ) r .^l l' Crain, (ii singular wnndrriiij; race,") cscorti'd by JJIiccls, paid by Ibu c;irricrH for Uic purpoBC. Tbi'y proceeded by day witli »i\ advanced and rear-guard ol' these naked bowint'U, and at ni;r|it for soeurity against the robbers, the lionest Urinjairecs drew their com wiifrons into a circle, placinu- tliiir cattle in the centre, anrl connecting each ox with liis yoke-fcllow, and at leni;lh to wain, by iron collars rivclcd round their necks, and fastened to an iron chain, which last is locked to llio cart-wheel. It is tlius extremely dilficnll to phnidur without awaking them ; and in places of greater danger, one of the Itrinjarrces always stanils sentry. Still farther on, de- scending from tiic hills to the lowlands, the bishop had hinisc If one of tliese poor Dheels for a guide, who, as he trotted along the rugged road betbrc his horse's hf.iil, with a shiilil and a iieally-inade hatchet, and with a blanket of red biize llung oier bis shoulder, reminded him stroiigly of the pictures of a North American Indian. 'I'lie dashiiig appearance of this man was owing to his bciiig in the company's pay, a.s R policeman ; but the Dliecis hi re were generally in uuieb better plight, and less givi n to robbing than in the hilly country. After this, a strong escort of Ilheels was added to the bishop's retinue. Tbey not only led him safely llirough 11 perilous ( ounlry, abounding with ravines, and broken land overgrown with brush-wood, (the most favourable of places tor the spring of a tiger, or the arrows of an ambushed band of robbers, where ricently passengers had Ik'cu plundered by Bbecl.-, and a man carried olF by n tiger from a numenms convoy of artillery, on its march to Kairah,) but they conducted him across the rapid Ktreani of tlii^ Mbye, and on his arrival at Wnsnud, acted a-s watchnifii to his camp, where their shrill calls from one to the other were heard all niglif. " We were (old," says llie bi.shop, " not to he surprised at this choice, since these ))oor thieves are, when trusted, the trustiest of men, and of nil .sentries the most wakeful and indeliitigablc. 'I'bey and the Kholecs, a race almost equally wild, are ujiiforndy prel! rrcd in (iuzerat for the service of tlu^ police, and as durwuns to ginllemcii's h'luscs and gareiiiis." Wlicn Sir .loliii .Maleolni began the work of reforma- tion, the very lirst step he took was to raise a small corps of lihecls, commanded by their own chiefs, and " he- lori'," says lie, " these robbers bad been in the service one inonlli, I plieeil them as a guard over treasure ; wliic:h had a surprising eti'eet, both in elevating them ill their own minds, and in those of other parts of the coiii- nmiiily." Nor did the jiidieious reformer stop here ; he took as his emistanl atli'iiilints sonic of the most di'si>c- rale of the pliiiulerliig ebirfs; and the good I'lfeet-s fullv answered lln' ixpeelatioiis which he hail forined, by thus inspiring conlidiner, and exalting bold and courageous men in llieir oivii istiiuation. W'r leive only to add in honour of this am lent ndibcr race, that the lair sex have great iiilliiiiice in the society, and that in the rerent rdiinii, their women acted a pro. mliient part, and one worthy of the feelings and clinrae- ter of llieir sex. The very interi >^tiiig work of yU. Chailes Coleman, rriie MytllnloifV of the Hindoos, with notices of various moiiiitain and isbind tribes, &r.) recently published, Liroi'ds the liillowiiig aildilliinal anecdotes relative to the IlbeeN previous to tin ir reli.riiiiiliou. " All Diiglish ollicer, a Ciplaiii II had, by in- terrupting iinil woiniiliiig a llbn I, while lalMiuring in his vocation (of robl«'ry), been marked out for vcngeame. In coiiseipieiiee of Ibis hr bad a sentry to his house ; hut from the neigh In airing bank of the ri\ir they bad worked II siiblernineoiis passage fir ii eoiisidrrable distiinre, large enonirli for one man to ei awl along, who had begun to pi'rforiile the lloor of his beilebamber whin he was discovered. >\'( had lit tin city where Ibis look plai'e nearly two thoimaiid troops, yet it was necessary, liir the olliecr's safely, t ) remove him to llombay. A I'arNee inessman, who bad refused to pay the usual tribute to the Hheels, was found dead in the morning in the mess. I'Miin. It was bin custom to put his mat on ii large wine cbeil where ho slept : in the morning he was found • Tim llrlnjsrris^ |iiim iluir mIihIo llvm In rsirtliii trniii I'rnni "111' pltl nl III Ill ry III Ihe olliir. Mill ii llii ir m« ii sriiiiilil. Inn n» »ii'iii» I'm illiiri. 'I'licy irniil In Inivi' lii>i|||.a wjih ilii'n WUI4. iliiltliiii, iliiiri. mtil liiiiilril Itiillii lipi. 'I'hi. iMcM no> all ir il ni 11 |ini|i'iiliiii iigniiiHl |s ii) iIiimii. I'iiimi IIm' xivrri'luiiii mill miiili'ii of llliiiliKi.iii. iliiy liuvu huililiia lo n|i|io'lii'iiil. Tlii'li tsilliiil |4 nliiinai I'liiisiih rill ni rarriil. I'tiii iiiiiIiiiiIimii ninilin Bllinv ili> Ml III |i?iiii mill ri'iman Kal. Iv ; iiiiir inkiiii! ihiir iiiiih1> wiihiiiii iiiirrliiiki'. Mr I'Vi'ii (III vi iitiMii iIhih, ii Hmv pIhsih'. frmn tlrliialllli||llli'lrilii'iii)'iir;iiii|i IhiIIi miIik uinly ii||iri'lii| liiri'a|iirl HMil iiHiiiiriitii nhrMMli nl iinliH'rv, ilie lni>irii|iii r»liirli, riilulil he niit'iiilisl null latiil i iiiineiiiiiiiieri lu Iniili. Thu piiiir IukIIIV erUii'M' rnrii ciriiirH !• iiiaiiillniir witli his head placed on the nicsstiiblc, tlic licudlcss body lying on the chest. An encampment of English, surrounded by two hun- dred sentries, was robbed by this |)Cople :— " When the morning broke forth, every officer had been robbed, save one, and he had a priest (li.haiit) and a Bheel guard. Nor did the |)oor aipliaufca escape ; for when they gave the alarm of ' thief! thief!' tbey were sure to get a blow or wound in the leg or thigh, from u Illiecl lying on the ground, or moving almut on all-fours, wrajiped in a bullock'.s hide or a sheepskin, or carrying a bush before or over him, so that the sentries were de- ceived ; and if they fired, they were as likely to bit some of the women or children, or the followers, or the officers, as the Bheel himself; and had they fired, the Bhccl, in the dark, tlius pk-.ced in a populous camp, bad every ad- vantage, liis weapon making no noise, and his compan- ions lieing ready to shoot the siphnure through the head. " Most of the olliccrs were up during the night, but their presence was useless. Iiieuteiiant H did lay hands on a Bheel, but he literally slipped through bis lingers, being naked, his body oiled all over, and his head shaved ; and on giving the alarm, one or two arrows were seen to have gone through the cloths of the tent. Were it (lossible to retain a holil of a Bheel, your mo. tions must be as quick as lightning; for they carry the blade of a knili', which is fastcneif round the neck by a siring, and with which, if they find themselves in a dilemma, they will rip up the p<'rson hohling them." Captain jMuiidy, in his very spirited "Pen and Pencil Sketches in India," relates tills (H-rsonal adventure. " I retired to my tent this evening pretty well knocked up ; and during the night hud an adventure, which might have tcrminateil with more loss to myself, had I slejit sounder. My bed, a low cliarpoy, or ' four feet,' was in one corner of the tent, close to a door, and 1 awoke several times from a levcrish doze, fancying 1 heard snmetliing moving in my tent ; but could not discover any thing, though a chcaring, or little Indian lamp, was burning on the table. I thcrclbre again wooed the baliny |«iwer, and slept. At length, just us ' the iron tongue of midnight had told twelve' (for I had looked at my watch five minutes before, and replaced it under my pillow,) I was awakened by a rustling sound under my head ; and, half o|H'niiig iiiy eyes, without changing my position, 1 saw a hideous bhick lace within a foot of iiiiiic, and the owner of this index of a eut-throat, or, at least, ciit-piirse ilisposition, kneeling on the carpet, with one hand under my pillow, and the other gruspiiig — not a dagger I — but the door-|>osl. Sliil without moving my body, and with half closed eyes, I gently stole my right hand to a boar-spear, which at night was always placed between my Ih'iI and the wall ; and as soon as 1 had clutehcd it, made a rapid and violi nt movenunt, in order to wrench it from its pliire, and try the virtue of its point upon the inlriider's body, but I wrenched in vain, fortunately lor the robber, my bearer, in placing the wea|Kiii in its usual recess, hail Ibricil the point into the lop of the tent and the butt into Ihi' ground so firmly, that I failed to extract it at the first etVnrt ; and my visiter, alarmed by the movemeiil, starteil uihiii his fiet and rushed through the door. I bad lime to sec that be was fMrfeelly naked, with the except inn of a black bkinki t twisted round bis loins, and lliiil he had already slowed away in his ekilli my eaniUestii ks and my dressing ease, wbieli latter eon. lamed litters, keys, money, and other valuables. I had also leisure, in that brief space. In judge, from the size of Ibe arm exleinli 'Ml« In liiitli hnv« ilniililp fll»«; ilir- nairr Kliinsiii. m Hsll, riiinilnin viianiiah, iif mjuui I'uiii tiwl Wlilc, luuiid llii In nrmr |invllli>ii. the path at full sjiecd, his black blanket flying in |:, wind. What would I have given for my d~uble burnlln joe at that moment I As he and his steed went clatti rii,r along the rocky forest road, I thought of tlie black liiir,|^ man of tlic Martz, or the erl king I lieturnuig lu i,,; tent, I solaced myself by abusing my servants, wlm «,; just rubbing their eyes and stirring themselves, and . I threatening tlie terrified seimy sentry witli a court n,; ' tial. My trunks at night were always placed uui,, the lent, under the sentry's eye ; tlic robber, then i; ; must have made bis entry on the opposite side, :iiii] must have been an adept in his vocation, as fonr or i, servants were sleeping between the kbanaulR. 'i'lic |,, devil did not get much booty for his trouble, having y secured a razor, a pot of pomatum, (which will sirv, hibricalc his person for his next cxjiloit,) and the lai.i sticks, which on closer inspection will prove to liini • Iruth of the axiom, that 'all is not gold tJial glittri>, even silver. » * « The next niorning, on relaliiij; adventure, I was told that I was Ibrtmiale in liavii;i.,| cajied cold steel; and many eomfbrtable instaiicii \ I recited, of the robbed being staLlxd in attempting |i cure the robber." Of the otiicr professed robbers atid thieves in ( India, the two principal are the Bnugries and .VIi));Li both Hindoos of the lowest caste: their redeeming ijii;„ ties arc bravery and cxperfncss; they are "true to ii... salt," or to those who feed them, beyond most dfu Hindoos; and so literally do they adopt the provcrli, ij they avoid tabling salt from the hands of any but ti.,, own brethren, that they may not be fettered in I',. darling pursuit of plunder. The (Jwarriahs ore a Ir: who support themselves by stealing women and cliildri, whom they sell as slaves; but this abominable prao; has nearly licin abolished wherever British iiiHuenccnl tends. 'J'lic Thugs are the lust, and worst of aJl. Itv arc bands of mendicants, selfcalled pilgrims, pill'ini roblxrs, and cowardly-, treacherous murilerers, dii Brahmins, but composed of all cla.stes, even of Miilio tans. They assume all sorts of disguises; somrlii seeking protection from travellers, at others oll'criiij; in either case the fate of those who trust thcni ij same. " 'I'lic Thugs," says Sir John ^Malcolm,* " carry ( ccalcd a long silken cord with a noose, which tin vtLi round the necks of their heedless eompanions, wlin strangled and plundered. Their victims, who are aliia selected fiir having properly, are, when nunicrnns rt all on their guard, hilled liy every art into eontii They are invited to feasts, where their victuals anil J- ari' mixed with soporific or poisonous drugs, thrriusl elVecIs of which they fiill an easy prey to these niiinl.pi and robbers, the extraordinary success of whose alrn can only he uecoiintcil fiir by the eondition of tin' o tries in which they take place." The name of these monsters — Thug, t/iiasi Tut Rnglish, would not be altogether inapplicable, as n . a principal part of their performance. " Tiny » th« ir opportunity," says Bishop Hcbcr, " to fling a with a slip-knot over the heads of their vicliniv, ami they drag tin in from tin ii horses and strangli' u ami so niiiilily and with such fatal aim are tbey sai: do this, thai they seldoin miss, and leave no liiiii' in traveller In draw a sword, or use a gun, or in uiu defind or dihciilangle liimsell'. The wnlehis wliof lise Ibis are very iiunnrous in (Juzeriit nnd Al«l»j, when liny oiciir in HindoHlan, are generally from siiiilheastern proviiii i s." At an immeasurable distance from these iinlini.ii robbers — these hosts of hereditary bamlitii in Iiiili: more like our casual, lawless associalions in l'liirii|i the Deidits, who purlienlarly infisl the neighbiiiirli Ciileutta, robbini; on the river in bonis, or phiiiilrnnil shore. 'J'lieir gang-robbery is said vc ry nearly In ri that of the Kibandnien ol Inland, but umniviil w political filling. Five or tin |Hasaiits will incit Uc as soon as it is dark, to attack some neighbour's I and not only pliiiiiler, but torture him, his uili ebildnii, Willi horrible iriielly.lo make liiin ili.Min money. In the daytime Ibcse marauders fullow |Mai' professions, and some of Ihein are tlui\iiig iiiiii Ibe whole firm is ol^en under the prolei'linn nl' iiiindar, (a Linilbulder, or lord of Ibe manor,) wlinil Ibe booty, and dncH his best to bring olf any iiflln uho niav bill into the hands of justice, by siilHiriiiiif 111 sses III prove an alibi, bribing the iiilirior ii|iiiil>| pollir, or iiilimidaling Ibe witnesKcn liir the pniri Thus, many men siis|K'el<'d of these praetiees, r Id live on, I'rom ytinr to ycnr, in tnlernbly good Iwilli their nei Int'a governnii I'J'lii' evil is su jof spirit sho|H lloiiiitains of ii Jnnd .Aliissulm; ldrii:i!tenncss o Ijiissioiis llicy iwlii:li night fii *,siiii|is fiirnish < iwlio may be b; I Till' niounta SC:ni!iiil, iietwce hrM liki' the Ar [I'i'-iiils, and n'.'U on the st ■Irii^. Alllioug, |(inriis of their ^rifi - llint may Tiirre is, lor C'lat-licriN, will iliroiigli llie llii aiiis, and are in iiniiiit.iiii biars liiir wild eoiinl liiy .'iri' never b lill-:. 'I'liry are ml always on I oni Caiibiil tlirc liiiDi tbey iiivai Aliiri' iinportai JAvrees, a |H)\yi y aiiiniig the ly pine forests, b .ili'il spotf-. The if lliiir iieigbhoi lunil il iiiipossihl iwii iiiinilry. '1" iiiiiill liaiiilels of iliiocs tlii'y live Is'sf rise above Ir.' so liiirh as to i tivcll ill black ten .iry straw lints irinif, and slay tl ck to the low an [,'oals ; but Ihey rses. They bay li'il into soeietic liiTs under a siin ■irkalili' tbr their i''y liiive no wars iMnily evil- huar Niiloiioii..|ilimi|e lO'irl CTiilitrd by II |iliiiii llirough t 'I'liey are iiarlii Il ilii' I'.'iravans, aU' I "f (■'liolairee. il tor lliire; the lit iilt.iiks or fig " " I'l men in the '."■rirs Honlil eve inik; hill Ihey „,,,., \ HMiiiler fro'm n c "I ^eiiil giiicl,.^ (n , '"'iM inirt with lb ki' hi" w,iy inii) | 'lid tliin h'l' oblige I'l ?'""! will which "y. Ilial if lliet ""' parly will sa fikiiiL' ills lieiir iliiiiit , iispicion III • Mfiiifilrnrctnlr.il Imlls, vol II |i IW ' lliivr moiiiii.iiii ri 'l"l I" line to III,, , I" " "r diiiighli'rs I rlMiiiiH men, who 1 "ly nil drudgery a '■"'■ "f llii'ir l)i,el liilniiir from ihe 'I ivlr.iorilin.iry i n-a i; male prero y iithiT [N'ople u|Hiii iii'liihabitiif,.,,,, '<'':"iiiliiflli,, Kln,,l, "I'l-ll'lllll*!!,!., ,lH, „, BUCCANEERS OF AMERICA. 117 aukct lly'"K iniii iiiy il-ublc burr Itlie manor,) wlm Ting olVany of ili listiee, hy BidHinniu Ihc inferior iiniiul UcB for llie prnw IbeBii praeliei's, n*' tolerably K<«<1 I, vol, II. p 1W I 1,1, iiieir neighbours, and completely beyond the reach lof a government which requires proof cro it will punish. I'I'lii' evil is 8iip|)0scs has spread so rapidly in Calcutta. These Ifonntains of mischief are thronged lioth hy Ihu Hindoo land ■Mussulman population, cs|)ccially at night; and thus Idrunkenness on ardent spirits, and the fierce and hateful |iMS''ions they eugonder, lead naturally to those results Iwhicli night fiivours, at the same time that the drinking Limps furnish convenient places of meeting for all men tvlio may be banded for nn illicit purpose. AIUIIAN KOBBERS. Thl' nioiiiitnin trilics of the Afghan race who dwell in anliiil, l)i'tweeu India and Persia, are nearly all robbers; but like the .Vrab.^, unite pillage with pastoral or other mrsuits, .and commit their depredations almost exclu- ivilv on the strangers that travel through their coun- rics, .Mtbough I am not in possession of any striking Inrics of their actions, there are two or three of these Iriks that may claim attention from their peculiarities. There is, for c.vaniple, that of the Jadrauns, a race of roat-herds «'lio wander continually with their goats liroii"lj the thick pine forests that cover their nmun- ahis, and are in ap|R'aranco and habits of life more like iioniilain bears than men. They are not numerous; hi ir wild country is never explored by travellers, and lnv arc never by any chance met with out of their own U. They are souu'tinu's at war with their neighbours, I aUv.iys on llie look-out for travellers on the road roni Canbnl through Unngush, near the pass of I'eiwaur, (li.mi they invariably phnuhr. .More important than these bcar-likc roblicrs, are the i/ciree-i, a |H)werful tribe, occupying an extensive coun- V aniniig the mountains, which are also here covered IV iiiiio forests, but conUiin some fi:w cleared and enlti- iiloil )i\M\f. 'I'lieir habits arc almost as retiring as tlios.^ if their ueighhonrs, the Jadrauns, and Mr. KIphinslonc unil il iiiipossililo to meet with a Vizeeree out of his iwii country. 'I'hose of the tril)e who arc fixed, live in nail haiidels of lliatclicd and terraced houses ; in some laocs they live in caves cut out of the rocks. Some of bi'se ris(^ above each other in three stories, and others 1 hisrii a.s to admit a camel. Ihit most of the tribe twi'll ill black tents, or moveable hovels of mats, or tem- ,iry straw huts; these go up to the high moimtainH In prinij, and stay there till the cold and snow drive them ek to the low and warm hills. Their principal stock L'oals; Iml they also breed many small, but serviceable i.-se.<. They have no general government ; but are di- liil inln societies, some under powerful Khans, and lier.-i iiiiihr a simple democracy; they are all most re- irkahlf lor their |Maeeful conilnit among themselves ; ■y liive no wars between clans, and private dissension hariily evi i- heard of; and yet llii'y are all robbers I Noloiioiis pluinlerirs, however, as they are, the smallest rnrt iriuled by them, secmres a traveller a hospitable !■• |iiiiin Ihroiigh the whole tribe, " Thl y are |)arlieularly reniarkalde for their attacks a ihi eiiravans, and miijratory trilxs lo the west of the 1 of (Ihnlairee. No escorts are ever granted, or ap. I for III! re; the caravan is well guarded, ami able to II r iillai ks or light its way through. No ipinrler is MM to iinu ill these predalnry wars; il is said that llie /< nil would even kill n male child that fell into lh<'ir rnU; hilt Ibey never molest women ; and if one of their \ rt.inih'r from a caravan, llu'y treat her with kiinlness, ml guides lo escort her to her IriU'. Ilvi n a man '(I'lhl iinel with the Bnme trealineut, if he could onee ake hii way into llie limise of a Viy.eeree; the iinisler loiihl thin be obliged lo treat him with all the attention ml SoihI will which is due lo a guest. Sncli is their Tiiiiy, llnil if there is a dispute about a fiiay goal, 'I one parlv will say it is his, and eonfirm his assertion "Irokiiig Ills Is'ard, llie other instantly gives it up, llioiit siiKpii'ion of Iraiid."* Till «!' inoimtain robbers have really eriilird notions of lliil is iliii' lo the genller sex. So kind lo the stray li'ii or il.iiiglilers of others, imlike savages or seini- rliaroiis iinii, who llirow olV from their own shoulders idy nil clniilgrrv and labour save that of the chase, or lari' of llnir iVirks, lliese Vi/.eerres do not reipiire y laliinir I'rom llicir women. Hut not onlv this; a lit I vtrioriliiiary eusloiii is said lo prevail niiiong Inn— a li iiiiile prerogative that has no parallel nnioiig olhiT |Mnple ii|HiM earth, and that reverses wlinl we III tin habit iifeoiisideriiig tin' iialiiral order of things ' AiTMiiiii of ilii. Mmiliminrr'aulnil, liy liio llonouralilo Moaiil l"ii iiiiiinmimK, \(ii, ii, |i, uT, — the women choose their liusbands, and not the husbands their wivi^s I " If a woman is pleased with a man, she sends the Irummer of the camp to pin a liandkcreliicf to his cap, with a pin which she has used lo fasten her hair. 'I'he drummer watches his op|)ortunity , and does this in public, naming the woman, and the man is immediately obliged to marry her, if he can pay her price to her father."* The Sheerannccs arc a tribe more imiKirtaiit still, great part of whose country is occupied l;y the lolly mountain of Tukhti Solimaun, and the hills which sur- round ils base. Many parts of it are nearly inaccessible; one of the roacd the body of a Donrance of rank, which was going tlirougli their country to bo buried at Candahur, and detained it till a ransom had been paid for it." This is rather worse than a barbarous law that has lingered on even in England to our days, and allows the creditor to arrest tlic corpse of a debtor. These Slieeran- nees, however, enjoy the reputation of unhlcmished good faith, and a traveller who Iriisls himself to Ihein, or liires an escort from among them, may pass through their country in perfect security. Mr. Elphinstone says that these curious robbipular at the lime, as il probably still is with young [M'ople, wbleh roiilaiiied the li\eii of many of these nolo rioiis ehnrnelers, with iiiimile aceoiinis of their cruelties and atrocities. The book Ih probably ns fresh in llie memory of most of my readers. It is not my intention to draw from il, or lo give n glinHlly liiliTcsl in the pre. sent work, hy qunling how the monsler Morgan lorturrd his captives, or made them " walk the piniik," or similar mnlters, but lo give a brief sketch of Ihesu darinK ml. * tilunii p. 09, venturers from Captain Bnrncy's voluminous, hut inte- resting and authentic work, which in itself ennlains a mine of geographical and various infornialion, first col- leeled hy the Huccaneeis. All the other histories of these men, and they arc numerous, are, as Captain Hiirney re- marks, " boastful com|)osilions which have delighted in exaggeration ; and what is most mischievous, they have lavished commendations upon ads which demanded re- probation, and have endeavoured to rai.-o niisercanlj<, no. torious fiir their want of Imiuauily, to the rank of heroes, lessening thereby the stain upon "rnblery, and the abliur- reiice naturally conceived against criiellv." Captain liiirney thus deserilHs the origin of these law- less associations, which for two centuries were allowed to carry on their depredations. " The men whose enterprises lire lo be relati il, were natives of dilferent I'liiropian naliims, but eliietly of (ireat Britain and France, and most of I hem ser'-faring people, who being disappointed, by accidents or the en- luily of the Spaniards, in their more sober pnrsuilji in the West Inilies, and also instigated by Ibir.sl for pliiniler, .T-s much lis hy desire for vengeance, emiiodied llieiiiMlves under ditVerent h'aders of their own clionsiiig, lo make predatory war n|ioii the Spaniards. These men tin; Spaniards ii.ilurally treated as piratis ; but iome peiiiliar eircunistanees which provoked their first enterprises, and a general liiling of cninily against that nation on nc- count of her American conquests, proiured them the eoimivaiue of the rest of the maritime slates of Fiirope, and to be distinguished, first by the sortened appi llnlious of freebooters and adviiitiirers, and utlerwartls by that of buccaneers." Spain, Indeed, considerrd the New World ,ts treasure- trove of which she was lawfully and exeliisively the mis- tress. The well known hull olM'opc Alexander VI. gave what was then liehl as a sacred recognition of then' ex- cliisiye rights. Unaccountable as such felly may now appear, it is an historiiMl fail lliiit the Spaniards at lir.'t tiincied they could keep their discovery of the West India islands anil of the American continent a secret from llio rest of the world, and preveni the ships of other nntioiis from finding their way thither. Wlieu, in the year 1517, nlKiut twenty. five years after their first petllenienls, llio Spaniards found a largo English ship between St. Do- iningo, and Porto Bii'o, Ibey were overcome with rngo and astonishment ; and when this same ship (aine to the mouth of the |Kirt of St. Domingo, and the captain sent on shore to request prriiiission lo sell his goods, Francisco di Tnpia, the governor of the Spanish tort, ordered the cannons lo he fired at her, on which llio English wire obliged to wi igli anchor and shei r olf. Tlio news of this unexpected \i>il, when known in Spain, caused gri'al iuquielnile, and the governor of the castle of St. nomiiijio was repriiiiandeil, " becanse ho bad not, instead of forcing the Fiiiglish ship lo depart by firing bis cannon, contrived to seize her, so that no rno might have relumed to leach others of her nation Ihu route lo the Spanish Indies." Ill the I lenilnile of her ]>ower and pretensions, how- ever, neither the Kreneli nor the I'lut'lish, thoimli win ii taken they were harbaronslv Irenlid as pirates, were lo 1h" deterred, .\eeoriliiig lo tiakluyl, one Thoiiias Tysuii was sent lo the West Indies in I.VJIi, as factor lo soiiio Rnglish merchants, and many advenluiers soon followed him. The French, who had made several voyages lo llio Brazils, also increased in niiiubeis in the West Indies. .\ll these went with the eirtainty that they should meet with hostility from Ihe Spaniarils, which Ibey resolved to return with bnstirny. That Iliey diil net alwiiys wail fiir all iittaek, appiars by an inuiiiinus phrase of llin I'Vi'iieh ndveiilnrerK, who, if the lirsl opporlimily was in llieir favour, li riiied their pridiliiig by il, " tUilmuninurr imi ar.iiirr." To repress IIiim' interlopers, the iealoiis Spaniards employed ariiii d sliipi, or pinirihi-rnslii', lliii eoiiiiiianders of which wi re iiistriieliil to lake no pri. soiiers ! On the other liiiiid, the iiilnulers joined their mnnbers, innih< eoniliiiinlioiis, and descended on iliHi ri lit parts of the coast, ravagimr Ilia ,S|iani»li towns and settle. nlenl^^ A worliirr wiis lliuii istablislied between Kii. ro|Haiis in Ihe WesI Indies, entirely iiidepcndenl of Iriinsnclions in Europe. All Kiiropeiiiis not .Spaiiiardii, whiilur there was war or peace lielween llieir rei<|M.clive nations in the Old World, on lliiir meiiiiig in the New, regarded each other n» iViends and allien, with llic S|ia. niarils for their common rneniy, mid cslled tin iiiscIvcm " llrelhren of the Coast." Their prinei|)al pursuit was not ofn iinturo lo biimanlsp these despi rate aiheiiliirer', for it was bunting of cattle, the hides mid suit of wliieb Ihry could Iniii to prnfilnblo nceimnl. "The time when Ibey began lo form factories," snyH Caplnin Ikirnry, "to hunt crIIIc for Ihu rkint, and r'' ' .■ '** '' ' -^ V. ■ -'■■■■■i'-v!^ ■ *'^i» ;;. m M '■■^f^ iia LIVIS OF BANDITTI AND ROBBERS. r"-i-* to cure the flcsli as an article of tratfic, is not certain, but it may lie concluded tliat tlicso occupations were begun by the crews of wrecked vessels, or by seamen who iiad disagreed with their connnander; and that the case, plenty, and freedom from all command and subordina- tion enjoyed in such a lite, soon drew others to quit their ships, and join in the same occupations. 'I'hc ships that touched on the coast sup|)lied the Imnters with Euroi)can commodities, for which tlicy received in return, hides, tallow, and cured meat." When the Spanish court complained to the dift'erent governments of Europe, of which these men were the naturnl subjeeb--, it was answered : " That the |)eople complained against, acted entirely on their own authority and responsiijilily, not as the sulijeets of any prince, and that tiie king of Spain was at liberty to proceed against tliein according to his own pleasure." Hut the lion- hearted Qiucii liess retorted more boldly. "That the Spani.irds had drawn these inconveniences ujion them- eelves, by their severe and unjust dealings in their Ame- rican eornineree; liir she did not understand why either her subjects, or those of any other 10uro|K'an prince, should \k.' debarred from trallic in the West Indies. That as slie did not acknowledge the Spaniards to have any title by the donation of the bishop of Rome, so she knew no right they had to any places others than tliosc they were in actual possession of; for that their having touched only here and there upou a coast, and given names to a tew rivers and capes, were sucli insignificant things as could no ways entitle them to a propriety further than in the parts where they actually settled and continued to inhabit."* " The Drelhreii of the Coast" were first known by the general term of Flijiustier, which is sup|K)sed to be no- thing liut the Freneh sailors' corruption of our word " Ireeliualer." The origin of the term buccaneer, by wliieli tliey were afterwards designated, is of curious de- rivation. " The flesh of the cattle Killed by the hunters was cured to keep good fur use, alU-r a manner leai-ncd from the Cariblice Indians, which was as follows : the meat was laid to be dried upon a W(X)den grate or hurdle, which the Indians called baiber.ii, placed at a good dis- tance over a slow fire. The meat when cured was called hoKcan, and the same name was given to the |)lacc of their cookery." From bnucan they made the verb buu- diner, whicli the IJictimtniiire dc Tievoux explains to be " to clry red, without salt," and then Uio noun Uoucaniir, ijiiani buccaneer. This curious association, that united the calling of Imnters and cruisers, was held lojfetlier by u very simple code of laws and regulations. It is said that every mem- bi T of it had his chosen and declared comrade, lietwecn whom propiTty was in common while they lived together, and when one of the two died, the other succeeded to ivhatever he iKisses-ed. 'I his, however, was not a com- pulsatory regulation, I'or the buccaneers were known at times to lH'(|niath by will to their relatives or friends in Euro|K>. 'I'liere was a general right of participation in- sisted upon in ('( rtain things, among which was meat for present eonsuniplion and other necessaries of life. It has I'veu been said that bolts, locks, and every kind of I'aslen- iiig weri' prohiiiiled as implying a doubt of " the honour of their viicalion." .Many men of rc^iKctable lineage be- came bueeaiii irs, nn which it was eusloniary for them to drop their fiinily name, and to assume a iKiiii itf Itueiie. " .Some iiiridus aneedntes," says Captain Ihir- ney, " are proihieed, (o show the great resjM'Ct some of them enlrrlaineil tnr religion and morality. A certniji IlibuHtier ea|itain, nameil Diinlil, shot one of his crew in the ehureli, for behaving irn verenlly during the [M-r- I'orjnaiii'e of mass. |{aveni'aii ile I.ussan took the occu- pation of a liinciiii'iT, JMcanse he was in debt, and wished, an every Iioik st man should do, to have wherewithal to salisly his en dilors." In the year lll'i."i the English and rrcncli together t(K)k possession of the i.kind of Si. Christopher, and live years later of the .t'.t^, llir .Spaniiirds in great liirce suii|iriseil the inland of Torliig I, while most of the adventurers were nlinenl in lll«piliiola engaged in the elias(\ of ealtle, and Imrbaroiisly masHiiered all hIio fell into their hands. The .Sjuiiiiards diaiiisli crew on shore at Cape Thuron, and carried his prize safely to France. A native of I'ortugal, styled Itartoloiiieo Portuguez, aliio rendered himself liimous about this time for his nu- merous ami wonderful escapes in battle and I'roni the gallows. " Hut," continues Captain Hurncy, " no one of the buccaneers hithi'rto named, arrived at so great a degree of notoriety as a Frenchman called Frani;ois I/Olunnais. This man, and .Michel le llas<|ue,at the head of bJU men, took the towns of .Maracailx) and Gibraltar, in the gulf of Venezuela. The booty they obtained by the plunder anlriliiiliMii of the plnmler Ihry were In iiliW- s|Heifie arlicli'S of agreement were drawn up niiil »«H scribed to. iMurgaii, as cumniaiider in chief, w«i In if ih , tl I ceivu one was to hav and wound promised fi tliciiiselves of Deeembi riitook the i had eiiibrac into tlic he peaii nation blislinicnt a castle of Si Chagrc, on l.isiiig one 1 wounded. nlio iom|Kis were put lo .Morgan li ri'Ireat on on aeeordingly slringlliun l' liundreil iiier filly men to I the Atlantic, Paeilic. It set forward a iiniiia. 'i'he 1 was not long, the intervenin inhabitants. Icry and store Cliagre, the c( end of the see laiioes, for a llii'iii, and the dry ; but the v the carriage of tlieir canoes, v On the sixth d travelling store j linrriil wildernc goml Ibrtune to ti^e Indians flei eaiiglil. On tl called Cruz, wli inhabitants, wl Tliey, however, jars of Peruviar di.flaiit frnm Pal lliey saw the ex around llieiii soi ing approached, of I'aiiaina, wh liir the morrow. Iiy liiiiig fired al had leii more wi Tlie city of Pi liiiic of seven t iili/iies of com Hilar : bill no re and iiiagiiifieenei r.iisi'il, bill ill nil lie won and defei asserliil that the tun lliiiusaiid inl: li siippiisrd that Ullll slil\l'N. Wliin Ihe hue larly liniir next Mii.'it llii'iii, preeei llrnvi' ll|Hil| i;ii' Hill Ihe biireiuiee wire Inn well acq |Hweil by them ; si'i'iii III 'have hill! iMT, iiiiisl Iia\|. II lliirlll lieliire Ihi'V Miaslirs of the eil iIkiI, all that iliii 'luarliT, Sin hiii'i liiiii'aiiei'rH is mil II rv iiinsiilerabli'. \\ hill iiiiisler II imn ini:;hl gel dr lill' SpaiiinrclN ; to I'll tlial nil Ihe win I'inril by Ihe j||||, lill' li'llnws sober. Iii»i|iiaili rs in I'm li'irst mil iiilo lliini i''liir eoinbuhiible »R'' A - BUCCANEERS OF AMERICA. 110 and plundircd iln I. At tliiH pkiot 1 Lnplislinian. Ail r. i:iicififcl tliciii hj ifttrwnrds honjjin't wlioiii tlic old fciif , Vmoriuii" styles ji,, ; old iiroverli, of l,,, j s of which, most r,; I k'ct ho was slrciri; i 5 Hello, one of tl, \ ho Spauiardf, lli, re overshr.dowriU, : 1 in this cxpeilili...:. I a nunihir of |)rifsi> i cany and plant li-i and many of lhi> | ::mintrynii'n wlioiii niude a hold iisi*: re, and hurncd Id li- it. Alany piisnuth n iidlicti'd iin tln;n, riasurcM, which fti. tlic cupidity of Im , tlic French furji niatterP, and juiiiu 'hire was one lai maiidcr and inw 'he ei-ally Welsliiiii: y invited the I'n iKiiiid his own slm ^, and in their alisim. lie put in ehargi' m, and the ship « the drnnkenness au le (lirrlvil revrncc ol' douht. Tin.' iiun, mentioned, bnl, it a lCnj,flislnnen peiislti est ol' the fleet. I attack on Maracai!»| Ic towns were an: ilocs were aecustoiiiE lurches, where it » t Maracuibo and (I ! cure was takoii latc ciiplives were •chcf, whilst Uie kc idlinKS. cd on his rctnrn In il had time to put ic |h<' Iia(!;mie ol' Mar: hud arrived, ami * cut ort' the pirali III of his vessels as i \ifin ot" wood, dri'ssJ which in every llmd It' a eommoii ti|;hliii; [of this imitc crew.n Inr blown up, niiil * Ic eastlc without W . he threw Ihesliifi [luc of llic bisily '* J (in July l(i70,)«>| lliplonnicy iiiiclir and made. In i; I'wnrfarc, and si iiIik| ■ the two coimtrii lulled between titti Ineers inrid iii'llii:| lied. On the lonlw neliril them, lliivirj Ike some u'riindiT'I Iran should h"U' li>| TremlMT U;7ll,tliiml lithir ini>re thiinuT In at CaiK^ 'I'llmMl lid himself np|»i"iM| lof the three plaml 111, shonld 1h' iiMa'k| licli was lu'lieii idrrtnkinir, M"'i.'>'\ ■lire iiieiil, iiml leiiieiils on the i>ia»| llhry were to iiliW'-l Idriiwn up nml ""J in ciiicf, wai t" tl ci'lvo one hnndredtli part of the wliolc ; each captain was to have eight sliares ; those who should he inaiiiicd anil wounded were provided for, and additional rewards nroiniscd for tliosu who should particularly distiiiguish tlieiiiselves by tlieir bravery and conduct. t)ii the 16th of December, the fleet set sail, and on the 2()lh they retook the island of Santa Katalina, which Morgan, who liaJ eiiihraced the notion of Sliinsvelt to erect himself into tlic head of a free state, independent of any ICuro- n,;an nation, resolved should bo the centre of his esta- blishment and power. The buccaneers next took the castle of San I.orcnzo, at the entrance of the river t:liaL'rc, on the West Indiasideof the American isthmus, losiii"' one hundred men in killed, nml liaving seventy wounded. Of three hundred and fourteen .Spaniards who eoiii|>osed the garrison, more than two Imndred were put to death. .Morgan had now a pied-d-lerre, and a pood place of ri'Ireat on one side of the wild and |)eriloUH isthmus ; iie aceoiJingly set his jirisoiiers to work to repair and ^lrl n"lheii the castle of San Iiorenzo, where he Icll 11 e liunilreil men as a garrison, besides one hundrid and fitly men to take care of the ships which were Icil in the Allaiilie, while he should go to the shores of llie I'aeilic. It was on the Ibth of January KiTl, that he set forward at the head of twelve hundred men for I'a- iiamii. 'I'he lengtli of the inarch from ocean to ocean was not long, but rendered Ireinendoiis by the nature of llic intervening country and the wildncss of its Indian inliabilnnts. One party of tJiis pirate army, with artil. lory and stores, embarked in canoes, to ascend the river t'liagre, the course of which is very ser|icntine. At the end of the second day they were obliged to ijuit tlieir laiioes, for a vast number of fallen trees obstructed Ihein, and the river was found in many places almost iliy ; hut the way by land offered so many ditlieulties to the carriage of their stores, that they again resorted to their canoes, where they could, making very little way. On the sixth day, when they had nearly exhausted their travelling store of provision, and death by hunger in that horrid wilderness stared tlu:iii in the face, they had the (rood fortune to discover a burn full of maize, 'i'hc na- tive Indians fled at their approach, and could never lie caught. On the seventh day they reached a village railed Cruz, which was set on lire and abandoned by its iiilialiitants, who lied a.s the buccaneers approached, 'i'liev, however, Ibiind tliere a sack of brciad and fillecn jars of Peruvian wine. 'I'liey were still eight leagues ilUtaiit iVom Panainu. On the ninth (lay of the jouriii y, they suw the expanse of the South Sen before tliriii, anil iiniiiiiil them some fields with cattle grazing. As even- ing approached, they eamo in sight of the elmreli towers of Panama, when they halted and waited impatiently I'lir the morrow. They had lost iii their inarch thus far, liy being tired at from concealed places, ten men ; and hill 'en more wounded. The elly of I'anama is said to have consisted at that tune of seven thousand houses, many of which were iililiees of I'onsiilerabh^ ningnitieence and built with Hilar : but no regular fortitieatioiis ilel'ended the wealth and magnilieenee of the place. Some works had been raided, bill ill most parts the city lay open, and was to lie Weill and ilefeiiiled by plain tigliliiig. The buccaneers asserted that the Spaninrils had a liirce amniinting to lull thousand inliintry and iinir hmidrid horse; biit it is siip|iiiiteil that this was in part made up of inhabitants anil slaM'K. When the biieeaneers resuiiieil their man h at an larly liniir next imiriiing, the Spaninrils eaiiie out ti imrttliem, preeeded by herds of wild bulls, which they ilriivi' ii|Hin the adventurrrs to ilisoriler their niiiks. Iliil llie hiii'iMineers, IIS liiiiilers of tin ::e u ild nniiiials, win toiMVi'll aeipiainted with their babils to be iliseiiin- IHiviil by them ; mid IIiIh attiiek of the van iluis iml ini 111 have hud iniieli ellii t. 'i'he Spiliiaril.", Imiv- ncr, iiiiisl have made an iibsliii.ite n si.-tainr, Inr it was iiU'lil lieliire they gave way, and llie biieeaini rs ImMiiie iiiasli rs of the city. Dining the lung bailie, and, in- iiliiil, all thai liny and night, the biierniieers gave no i|iiarler. Siv himdred Spaiiinrds fill. The ' iss of the I liiiiiaiieer.i is nut spei il'nd, but it appears to have bi'di irv eniisiderable. When miisler of (he eity, IMnrgan was nfrnid that his I mm nii^'ht i;el drunk and he surprised anil eiil nil' by llir Spaiii irils : In prevent tlii-, he eaused it In be repori- I'll that nil the wine ill the eilv had been expressly pni. Miiiiil liy the iiiliabltaiits. 'i'he dieail of iHiisnii kept llir H'lliiws sillier. Ihit Mnrcaii bud seaniiy taken up Ills i|imrli rs in I'linnma when several partx of Ihii city jlxirst iiiit iiilo lliimi^, wliieh, fed by the cedar wimiiI iind I'llier eonihuslible materials of vvliieh the houses were chiefly built, spread no rapidly, tliat in a short time a great part of the city was burnt to the ground. It lias been disputed whether this was done by design or acci- dent — by the buccaneers or the despairing Spaniards; but it apiiears that Morgan, who always charged it upon the Spaniards, gave all the assistance he could to such of the inhabitants as endeavoured to stop the progress of the fire, which, however, was not quite extinguished for weeks. Among the buildings destroyed, was a tiie- tory house belonging to the Genoese, who then carried on the trade of supplying the Spaniards with slaves from Africa. 'Plie licentiousness, rapacity, and cruelty of the bueca- neers had no boimds. " They spared," says Exquemc- lin, a Dulclmian, and one of the party, " in these their cruelties, no sex nor condition wliatsoever. As to reli- gious persons (monks and nuns, he means) and priests, they granted them less quarter tlion others, unless they procured a eonaiderahle siun of money for their ransom." Detachments scoured the country to plunder and to bring in prisoners. Many of the unfortunate inhahit- tanL-i escaiied with their cfi'ects by sea, and reached the islands that are thickly clustered in the bay of Panama. But Morgan found a large boat lying aground in the jMirt, which he launched and inanned with a numerous crew, and sent her to cruise among those islands. A galeon, on board which the nuns of a convent had taken refuge, and where much money, plate, and other ett'ects of value had been lodged, had a very narrow esca|K; from these desperadoes, 'i'hey took several vessels in the bay. One of Ihcin was large and admirably adapted for cruising. This opened a new prospect, that was brilliant and enticing ; an unexplored ocean studded with islands was before them, and some of the bueca- necrs began to consult how they might leave their chief, Morgan, and try their ibrtunes on the South Si'a, whence they proposed to sail, with the plunder they should ob- tain, by the East Indies to Europe. Tliis diminution of t'orce would have lieeii fatal to Morgan, who, therefore, ns soon as he got a hint of the design, cut away the imisis of the ship, and burned every lioat and vessel lying at Panama that could suit their purpose. At length, on the 2-lth of Kebtuary HilU, alxnit four wee!;s oiler the taking of I'anaimi, Morgan and his men departed from the still sniouldering ruins of that unl'or- lunate eity, taking with them one hundred and sevenly- five mules loaded with sjioil, and six hundred prisoners, part of whom were detained to carry burdens across the isthmus, and others for the ransom ex|iected for their release. Among the latter were many women and chil- dren, who were made to sull'er cruel i'atigue, hunger, and thirst, and artfully made to apprehend being car- ried to Jamaica and sold ns slaves, that tliey might the more earnestly endeavour to procure money for their ransom. When these poor creatures threw themselves on their knees, and weeping and tearing their hair, begged of Miirgan to let them return to their families, his briilal answer was, that " he came not there to lis- ten to (Ties and lamentations, but to seek money." This idnl of his soul, indeed, he sought from his comrades as Well as his captives, and in such a manner that it is as- lonisliing they did i.nt blow his brains out. In the mid- lie of his inareh back to the fort of San liorenzo, he Irew up his men, and eniised every one of them to take a siilemu oath, that lie hud not reserved for himself or eoneealed any phmiler, Iml had delivered all fairly into the common stock. (Tliis ceremony, it appears, wns not inieoinmon ninniiir Hie biieeaneers.) " Itut," »ays Exipiemelln, "I'aptiiiu AIinv4;aii having linil experience that Ihnse louse fellows wiiiilil not mueii stickle to swear tiil-ely ill such a ease, he eiiiiimanded every one to be senn lied ; ami that it might imt be taken as un alfront, he perniillid himself In be the lir-l searehed, even to the rv Milrs ot' his shnes. The Kreneli biieeaneers who had engaged in this expcditiiin with .Morgan, were not ui II satlslied vvilli tins new en. linn of searebiiig ; Iml their nuinlH'r being less than that of the English, they were foieed to snbinll." As soon as (he iiiaruuders arrived nt San Lorenzo, a ihvislnii was iniide of the hnnty, iiei'iirilliig to the propor- tioiiK Mgreid upon bellire sailing t'lmn llispaiiiol.i. Mni the narnilive says, " Kvery person reieived his porthni, ■r ralliiT what pait thereof ('apliiin Mnrgnn was pleased III give him. For so it was, thai his i ninpnnions, even those of his own nation, eoniplained of his proiu'i 'lings; for they judged it Impossilde dial, of so many valuable robberies, no greater share shniiM belniig to llieni lliiin two liiiiiih'id pieces of i iglil per head, flilt ('aptiiln Moriiaii wns deaf to these, and to many other eoni|>liiiiils of the same kind." Murgnii, however, having; well fiUed his own iKirxe, determined to witJidraw quietly from the command : '^ Which he did," says the narrative of the buccaneer, " witJioat calling any council, or bidding any one adieu ; hut went secretly on board his own sliiji, and put out to sea without giving notice, being Ibllowed only by tliri c or four vessels of the whole fleet, who, it is believed, went shares with him in the greatest part of the spoil." The rest of llie buccaneer vessels letl belbro the castle of San Lorenzo at Chagre, soon seiiaraled. Morgan sailed straight to Jamaica, where he had begun to make fresh levies of men to accompany him to the island of St. Katalina, which he purposed to hold as his own iii- de|)endcnt state, and to make it a common place of re- fuge for pirates ; but the arrival of a new governor at Jamuiea, Lord John Vaughaii, with strict orders to ( ii- force the late treaty with S(iain, obliged him to abiiiidon his plan.* The buccaneers, however, were not put down by this new governor of Jamaica, but under dill'creiit Kaders continued their depredations for ninre than twenty years longer. Lord .lohn Vaughan proela lined a pardiai fur all piratical ofl'ences committed to that lime, and promised a grant of thirty-five acres of land lo (very Imecaneer who should claim the benefit of the proelan.ation and engage to apply himself to planting. 1 am stialled al- most into incredulity by what follows. "The author of the History of Jamaica says, ' Tlii.i ofl'er was intended as a lure to engi;;,'e the hueeaucers to come into port with tlieir efl'ects, that the goveriinr might, and which he was directed to do, take' from them the lenth.s and the fitleenths of their booty as the dues of the crown, and of the cidonial government for granting them eoni- niissions.' Those who had neglected to obtain ennimis- sions would of course have to make their peace by an increased com|V)sition. tii consequence of this scandalous procedure, the Jamaica buccaneers, to avoid eeing so tiLXcd, kept aloof from Jamaica, and were provoked to continue their old occupations. Most of them joi.icd the French flibustiers nt Tortuga. Some were allerw ards nppreliended at Jamaica, where they Were broeghl to trial, condemned as pirates and exeenled." A war entered into by the English and French rgainst the Dutch, gave, for u lime, emplnymcnt to the imcea- lU'crs and fiibustiers, and a short respite to the S]iaiiiards, who, liovveycr, exercised their wonled barbarous rcvi.iige on their old enemies, whenever and in whatioevcr man. ncr they fell into their hands. In 1(>73, for example, they murdered in cold blood three hundred French fiibubtiers, who had la en ship- wrecked on tlieir coast at Porto Uieo, sparing only seven- teen of their oiVieers. These olFieers W( re put on bo: jd a vessel hound for the continent, with the intenlion of trntis- IHirting them to Peru; but an English binenneer crniier met the ship at sea, liberated the Frenchmen, and, in nil probability cut the throats of the Spaniards. Ever since the plundering of PaiiHina by Morgan, tlio iinnginutions of the buccaneers had Im'cii lie:ite(l by iho tirospect of cxiiedilions to the South Sea, This Keenmo mown to the Spaniards, and gave rise to numerous l(i:c- hodings and prophecies, both in Spain and in Peru, of great invasions by sea and by land. Li KiVMnn Englishman of (he name of Thomas Peehc, who had formerly been a buccaneer in the West Indies, lilted out a ship in England for a piratical viyage to the South iS'ii against Ihe Spaniards; nml two years aller, Ln Sound, a Frenehmnn, with a small body nl' daring ad- venturers, attempted to i ross the Isthmus, ns Morgan had done, (though not by the same rnute,) hut he could not gel fiirther than the lowii of Clienpn, where he was dri- ven back. Thesi! events greatly ini reined the alarm of the Spaniards, who, neei, riling to D:iiiipli r, propliesled vvilli confidcnee " that Ihe English privuleers in the West * Tilts iiii.ttirlniiH 1 niMiarliai'iaiN iiivi r VM'iil tii I'liglaiiil, wl'Oii] he )«•) iMUiieialiiiiiiiiiM'ii Willi Kiiiu riiail'S II. ,11 wiiti hi.^ iiili.m. Ills. tlUII 111' in I'll I'll llll' llilllnni nl' klliullllllliKl illll llli' U|i|iimil- 1111 111 i-fiiimiiii iM'i nf till' ailiiiir.ilh' nam in ,I:tiiiairii. In h Pl ilii' Ivifliil I'luMsIc, then iinvi iiur lil iliai is.,iiic|, ii'inninl in KiiuUiiiil nil ilii' jili'ti nf liail linilili, anil li'li iis ih (unv tiivrtmo, .Mnii/iiii the liiii'i aim r, llie iiaiiiilni r nl' I'nnainii, li>il wlin wiig iinw 111 r iitiij' HIr lleiir> Mni);iiii. Ill his new cainieliy lie was I'lir I'rniii hi'iiit* ruMiiirnlili' nr 1i'iil< in in jiis ntil ns-n^taleK, "'■nnin nl' wliiMii Hllirrr.'ll llie cxlriltie hiiriMiip nt Iniiiti irii'il iolil tliMiL'eil iiniter Ills niiihiii liy." Mniiniii wim ii'itiiiiily ii villain nl' 11 < llriit Ulller, I'm will n li cnw nl' him ihhi'ik, mnpl el'whnln will' Ills nwil nailltlMIM'll, I'rtI linn les lllliiils, 111' ilrjJM'Dil lllelM nwr (lie wiiD x'rnnuly ti(is[N iieit nl'linxiiiK ■'"I'l ilniii hi Hii' viiiiliriive S|iai:iarils. Ill.s ' liiiel' niiihnilly" niily Insiiil iiil ilir nivl .M'nr, vvlii'ii III' wn* miiMTsnliit hy ilie niiiiiil of 'i miv ynii'iiMir irnin Kiiulniiil (li'i'iiiiti il, linvu'ViT, l<> ImM nll)i-e In .laiiniirn durins Mil' r si nf llic ninllll telvll nr('liiir:' iirxt r'')i;ii llie H|tinilsll rn<anion8 than the buceancers, went with this party, being animated by a deadly hatred jv, .1 . of the Spaniards, and an extraordinary attaehment to the ^"F '•'••)* Knglisli. The buecanccrs who engaged in this expedition wore the ercws of seven vessels, amounting altogether to three liimdred anil sixly-.«ix men, of whom tliirty-scvi^n were left to guard the ships during the absence of those who went on the ex|)cdition, which was not ex|K'Cted to bo of long eoutinuance. There were several men of some lite- rary Uilont among the marauders, who have written ae- eounis of the proceedings, whieli have the moat romantic intrresl. 'J'licse were H;isil Ringrose, Barty Sharp, Wil- liam Dampier, who, though a common seaman, was en- dowed with great observation and a talent for description, and Lionel Wafer, a surgeon providently engaged by the buccaneers, whose " Description of the Isthnms of Da- rien" isonc of the most instructive, and decidedly the most anuising book of travels we have in our language. It was on the Kith of April, that the cx|)edition passed over from (iolden Island, and landed in Darien, each man provided with four cakes of bread called dough-lmys, with a fusil, a pistol, and a hanger. They iM'gi.n their ardu. ous march marshalled in divisions, each with its eom- mander and distinguishing flag. .Many Darien Indians came to supply them with provisions, and to keep them company as confederates ; among these were two chiefs, who went by tlic names of Captain Andreas and Captain Antonio. 'I'lie very first day's journey discouraged four of the buccaneers, who returned to their ships. The object of the cx|)edition was to reach and plunder the town of Santa jMarta, near the gulf of .San Miguel, on the South Sea side of the isthmus; and on the atU>rnoon of the second day they came to a river, which ("aptain Andreas, the In- iliau chief, told them, crossed the isthnms and ran by Santa Maria. On the third day they came to a house be longing to a son of (Captain Andreas, who wore a wreath of gold about his iiead, which made the buccaneers call him » King (ioldcu Cap." Wherever there were Indian habitations, they were most ki«dly and hospitably received. On the evening of the, fourth d.iy, they gained a [loint whence the river of Santa .Maria was navigable, and where canoes were pre pared for them. The next morning as they were al)out to depart, the harmony of the party was disturlwd by the quarrel of two of the buccaneer commanders. John Coxon fired his musket at Feter Harris, which Harris was going to return, when the otiiers interfered and elTcctrd a reconciliation. Hire seventy of the buccaneers em bail' il in fourteen canis's, in each of which there went two Iiii'ians to manage them, and guiSpanish garrison, and was preg- nant by him! The Spaniards had by some means been warned of the intended visit to Santa Maria, and had secreted or sent away almost every thing that was of value. " Though we examined our prisoners severely," says a bgceaneer, " the whole that we could pillage, Ijoth in the town and fort, amounted only to twenty jiounds' weight of gold, and a small quantity of silver ; whereas, three days sooner we should have found three hundred pounds weight in gold in the fort." It ought to lie mentioned, that the Spaniards were in the habit of collecting considerable quantities of gold from tlic mountains in tlic neighbourhood of Santa Maria. This disap|K>iiitment was felt very severely, and whe- ther it was previously decided, or now entered their heads to seek compensation for this disapjiointincnt, the major- ity of the buccaneers resolved to proceed to the South Sea. The Imldness of this resolution will be felt by re- fleeting, that they had only canoes to go in, and that they might meet at their very outset a lofty Spanish galeon or ship of war, that might sink half of their fi-ail boats nt a broadside. Some of them, indeed, were deterreil by this prosjicet. John Coxon, the commander, who had fired Ills musket at Peter Harris, and who seems to have liccn a eontcmptible bully, was for returning across the isthmus to their ships, ond so were his followers. To win him over, those who were for the South Sea, though they had a mean opinion of his capability, oflcred him the post of general, or commander in chief, which Coxon accepted, and as it was on tlic condition that he and his men should join in the scheme, all the buccaneers went together, riic Darien chief Andreas, with his son Golden Cap, and sotne followers, also continued with the rovers, but the greater part of the Darien Indians left tlicin at Santa Ma- ria, and returned to their homes. On the 1 7tli of April, the expedition embarked, and fell down the river to the gulf of San Miguel, which they did not reach until the following morning, owing to a flood tide. They were now fairly in the Soutli Sea ! The prophecy of tho Spaniards was accomplished, and the buccaneers looked aciosstliat magnificent expanse of wa- ters with sanguine hope. On the lilth of April, they en- tered the vast bay of Panama, and fortunately captured at one of the islands, a Spanish vessel of thirty tons, on board of which one hundred and thirty of tho buccaneers imme- diately threw themselves, overjoyed to be relieved from the cramped and crowded state tlicy had endured in the canoes — though of a certainty, even now, so many men on board so siiiall a vessel, could leave small room for com- fort. The next day, they took another small bark. On the 22d,tliey rendezvoused at the island ofChepillo, near the month of the river (;iiea|>o ; and in the afternoon iM^gnn to row along shore from that island towards the city of Pana- ma. The .SiHiniards there had obtained intelligence of the buceaueers iK'iiig in the boy, and prepared to meet them. Kiglit vessels were lying in the road j three of these they hastily e(|uip[xul, manning them with the crews of all the vessels, and VN-itli men from shore ; the whole, however, according to tiie biiecaneer accounts, not exceeding two himilred and thirty men; and of these, one third only were !')iiro|K'ans — the rest mulattoes ond negroes. The great disparity therefore was in the nature of the vessels. " We had sent away the Spanish barks we had taken," says one of the buccaneers, " to seek fresh water, so that we had only canoes for tlic fight, and in tlicm not two hundred men." As this fleet of canoes rornc in sight at iloy hreak ni the S.'ld, the tlirci^ armed Spanish ships got uiiiler sail and stood towards them. The conflict was severe, and lasted the greater part of the day. The Spanish ships fought with great bravery, hut fl'.eir crews were motley and unskilful, whilst the buccaneers were ex|s'rt scaincn and well trained to the use of their arms. Kieliard Saw kins was the hero of theilay; after three repulses, he sncceeded in Ixiarding and capturing one of flic Spanish ships, which deeideil the victory. Another ship was car- ried by baiiish commander fill with many of his |Mople. The buccaneers had eighteen kifled, and above thirty wounded. Peter Harris, the captain, who had lieeii fireii ai !'y C'oxon, was among tho wounded, and died two days after. As for John Coxon, who was nominally general, he s lowed great boekwardness in the engage, incut, which lost him tho confidence of the rovers. The Darini cliieft were in the heat of the battle, and U'liaved bravely. Tho buccancefB, not thinking themselves strong enough to land and attack Panama, contented themselves with capturing the vessels that were ot anchor in the road before tlie city. One of these was a ship namcj the I'rinidad, of 4U0 Ions burden, a fast sailer and in good condition. iSlic had on board a cargo principally consisting of wine, sugar, imd sweetmeats ; and, mon- over, a consideralili^ sum of money was found. In the other prizes they found flour and ammunition. Two of these, with the Trinidad, they fitted out for cruisin from Lima. This ship canic not, but several other vessels fell into their hands, In which they obtained nearly sixty tliousaiid dollars in .s]X!eie, 1200 sacks of flour, 2000 jars of wine, aqiiantily of brandy, sugar, sweetmeats, |iouItry, and other prnvl sions, some gunimwder, shot, &c. Among their ])rison. ers was a number of uiifortunJte negro slaves, « hieli tempted the Spanish merchants of Panama togotolhe buccaneers; and to buy as many of the slaves as tliev were inclined to sell. These merchants paid two liuii- drcd pieces of eight for every negro, and they sold to the buccaneers all such stores and commodities os they sluod in need of. Kingrose, one of the hneeaneers, relates that diirini; these communications the governor ofPanoma sent (» demand of their leader, "Wliy,duringa time of jieaei b<;tween England and S|>iiin, Englishmen should coiiie into those seas to commit injury? and from whom they had their commission so to do?" Sawkins replied, " That he ond his companions came to assist their friend, tln' king of Darien, (tlic said chief Andreas,) who was the rightftil lord of Panama, and all the country thcreaboul,-. That as they had come so far, it was reasonable tlial tlicy should receive some satisfaction for their troulili : and if the governor would send to them 500 pieces of eight for each man, and 1000 for each commander, mid would promise not any further to annoy the Doricii In. dions, their allies, that then the hneeaneers wouhl dt.-w from hostilities, and go quietly olmiit their busintss," The governor could scarcely be expected to comply wiili these moderate demands. The (ienerol Sawkiu-s, hoving learnt from one of the Spaniards who traded with the Imecancers, that the liislion of Panama was a person whom he had formerly takm prisoner in the West Indies, sent him a small present ii< a token of regard and old aeqnnintaneeship: the bisliof in return sent Sawkins a gold ring ! Having eonsumed all the live stuck within reach, ami tired of waiting for the rich ship from Peru, the biiKa iiei rs sailed on the l.'itli of May to the island of ( l|iii|n', where they found hogs and poultry, and rested a ilav From Otispie they departed with three ships nnil In.i small barks, steering out of the bay of I'anania, and \hn westward flir the town of Pueblo Nncvo. In this slmri voyage a violent storm separated from the ships tlir (ivn harks, which never joined llieiii ngnin. ( Ineof Ibeni tni taken by the Spnninrds, who sli,il the men ; and tli. erew of the other contrived to rencli Co.voii's |Niitv, iiiul to recross the istlimus with them. On reacbing I'ueliln Niii'vo, the liiieeiiiieers, instead of meeting w itii an l'a^v prize, sustained a enniplete diseiiiiifitnre, and Inst tluir brave eonimaiider .Sawkins, who was shut dead by (In Spaniards, as he wns advancing nt the bend of his men towards a breastwork. "Captain .Siwkiiis," said hi> comrade Kingrose, "was a valiant and genernns splrileil man, and ImIovciI more than any other we ever haJ among us, whii.li he well deserved." His loss lint oiih disliciirtencd the whole, but induced between sixty niiil seventy men, and all the Darien Indians, to obandoii Ik expedition and return to the isthmuH, Only one hundred ond forty-six buccaneers now re- nioiuid with llnrtholonniw .Sharp, whom they hud ilioien eommaiuler, but who, thougli clerk enough to write ani I iK piiblisli, o iif his adv tlioir rotre with indi) 'I'liey lay where thej In taking lilnifrnse, (|iiarlcrs, e On the t " tiike then (jain a tliot liir the eo.-u I at tlio islaii ■Si away tlicir ^ u'lrlhy of I JDMg, and i'< I On till I Plata, wlier I llicv beat to if .'^t. K-kna, t ty (iiie biiceane t nisli ship bf) 5 3IIIK) dollars ; they dill wi ;, p.irtiealar n t iiliii upon de ( nli\T," it is I that the cre\ >. vr ill hopes " until some e inissing then One of the ■ was now Ion ami lliiy all i lib of .Septeni It appears he ' Mcprs, that th e.vtra privileg dice for the fi Wiiteli, so two hi-r." They as suited them hor, and disin one sail. Sharp posse might have sli he attempted s pri'ventcd by i the place. Tl of fresh water allowed half a pi lit of water w Imrc away, hoi Mieceeded in iViiit, and othei roiild to the ho ri'tii.siil to pure or c.itlle. Krojii I/lo, k .11 of Drcc'iiih liKik without olhiT things, fi wiTi' very iieai .^|i.niianl, who liiili', blown u| anil briinstone, till' rudder anil iiialeli, mill the iieirs in.ido f'oi rninaiilie islam! inaliii'd some ti Ihi'iii wishing str.iil of Alagall limes liiiigi'r in ward party ; hi linn IVoiii the r Walling, "an ol .Vrlirlrs betwiT in writing, and Our narralivi eniilge against lenliiri's almost mill were scarr wiw liir their [m: |)liiiTs, they hiu eaiirers at dice ; ju'l iiiilliing. ' ''harp, but tho i Sharp out of hii •uddcd to have | BUCCANEERS OP AMERICA. 121 itcntcd themselves at imchor in the raa a ship named fast sailer nnd in I cargo principally ncats; nnil, more- ns found. In Ihe nnnition. Two of ut for crnisin},'. leir arrivnl on tin: Hissession of ii fid i cd a close blockade future might scour vitli the Spaniards, iccrs. The tauiiu leneral, Coxoii, and n and sevcntj' inn, across the isthmus Andreas and Auto. t Andreas, to prove remained in llic lophews with tlieui. 1 so well in the lial. •ncrul or chief com. L'forc Panama, (liey lear neijjiihourliood. it in expectation of II. This ship canw nto their hands, liy thousand dollarK iii I of wine, aquantilv ry, and other provi. \monff their jirison. negro slaves, wliieli l*anama to jro to llie f the slaves as they :lmnt.H paid two hiui- and they sold to tlie lodities as they stood relates that durini; of Panama sent lo ing a lime of \k-mx islnnen should couir Ind from whom lliey wkins replied, " Thai list their friend, ihr rcas,) who was the country therealwiul... as reasonable tint for their trouhli: lem 500 pieces nf eh commander, and noy the Darion In- raneers would iIcm-i lut their businos" d to comply wllli till lit from one nf the neers, that the bishii|i lad formerly lakii 11 a smnll present ■.>- neeship: the bli-hi^ i-k within reach, ;iiiii im Peru, the Iiiki n le island of (lto<|n', and ri'sted a iliu. tree ships and twn if I'anaina, and tlim iicvn. Ill this slien III the ships llir twn 1. Oninf Ihein »J. the men ; nnd tli> I ( 'dvon's |mity, anl hn reai'liini; I'ueliln Veling willi an iii-y |tiire, and lost tliiir shut dead by llir |lie bend of his iiini Sawkins," said \n> Jill (jeueriiiis spirileJ Intlier we ever InJ Ills loss not only between si.vty mill lans, to nlmndun tlic Ibiiccaneers now n" I liin they hud eliown I liuuyh tu write aii I luiblisli, on his return to I'liifrland, a very readable account of his a'dventnrcs, did not at first shine as a leader. In their retreat from Pueblo Nucvo, they took a ship loaded with indigo, butter, and pitch, and burned two others. 'I'liey lay at anchor for some time at the island of Qnibo, where they pleasantly and profitably employed their time in taking "red deer, turtle, and oysters, so large, says liiiiifrose, that they were obliged to cut them into four iiiiartcrs, each ipiiirtcr being a good mouthful." ()ii the lith of June, Sliarp, who had Iwa-sted he would " take thcin a cruise, whereby he doubted not they would jrain a lhou.assed Calao at a distance, fearing the Spaniards might have ships of war there. On the SJGtIi of Octolier, he uttcinptcd a landing ut the town of Arica, but was pii'veiiled by a heavy surf, and the armed appearance of the place. This was the more mortifying, as the stock ol Trosli water was so reduced, that the men were only allowed half a pint a day each; and it is related, that a pint of water was sold in the ship for thirty dollars. They horc away, however, for the island of I.lo, where they fiiceeedcd in landing, and obtained water, wine, (lour, I'liiit, and other provisions, nnd did all the mischief they could to the houses and plantations, because the Spaniards refused to piirehuse their forlK'arancc either with money or cuttle. Kroin lj\n, keeping still southward, they came, on the .1.1 of Dcecinher, to the town of La Serena, which tliev l.mk witliont opjiosition. They hero obtained, licsides nihir things, five hundred pounds weight of silver, but were very near having their ship burned by n desperat .-^ikiniard, who went by night on a Hout made nf n horse's Imic, blown up like a bladder, and crammed oakiiin :;ii(l luiiiislone, and other eiiiiibnstlblc matters between Ihe milder and the stcrii-pi .-t, to which he set fire by a iiiiitih, iiiid thin eseiiped. h'roin La Serena, the hucea- mrr.s in.ide for Juiiii I'Vrnande?., at which interesting, romiiitie island, they arrived on Christmas day, and re- m.iimd some time. Here lliey again disagreed, some of lliiMi wishing to sail immediately homeward by the ■•irail of Magalhunes, and others desiring In try their llir- liinrs Imiger in the Sontli Sea. Sliarp was ot the home- winl party ; but Ihemainrily being against him, de|)osed hiin tViiin the eoiiimand, nnd elected in his stead, John Uatliiig, "aiinid privateer, nnd esteemed a stout seaman." .\rticli s between Watling and the erew were drawn up III wrilini;, nnd siibscrilK-d in due form. (liic inirrulive, however, says, "the trueoccasiim of the i;ruila:e against Sharp was, that liu had got by these ad- ventni'i's alniost a lliousand |Miiiiid.s, whereaHinauy of onr men were acareo worth n. groat; and good reason there WHS for their poverty, for at the Isle of Plata, and other |i!i»Ts, they had lost all their money to their fellow hue- cancers at dice; so that some had a great deal, and others \wl nothing. Those who were thriiVy, sided with captain Slittr|i, but the iithors, iH'ing the greatest number, turned had money to lose, which the other jiarty had not." But Dampier says, Sliarp was dismissed tlic command by general consent, the buccaneers being satisfied neither with his courage nor his conduct. John Wiitling, as Richard Sawkina before him, had a glimmering of devotion in his coni])osition. He licgan his command by insisting on the observance of the Lord's day by the buccaneers. " This day, January the 9th, IbHl," says Kingrose, " was the first Sunday that ever we kept by command, since the loss and death of our valiant commander Captain Sawkins, who once threw the dice overboard, finding them in use on the said ilay." < )n the 12tli of January, they were scared away from their an- chorage at Jiian Fernandez, by the appearance of three sail, and left behind them on shore, William, a Musquito Indian. The three vessels, whose appearance had caiised them to move in such a hurry, were armed Spanish ships. They remained in sight two days, but showed no incli- nation to fight. The buccaneers had not a single great gun in their ship, and must have trusted to tlicir mus- ketry and to boarding; yet it seems they must have contemplated making nn attack themselves, ns they re- maiued so long without resigning the honou'- of tlic field to the Spaniards. They then sailed eastward for tlie coast of the continent, where they intended to attack the rich town of Ariea. On tlie 2Gth of January; they made the small island of Yqneque, about twenty-five leagues from Arica, where they plundered an Indian village of provisions, and made prisoners of two old Spaniards and two Indians. The next day Watling examined one of the old Spaniards, concerning the force at Ariea, und taking offence at his answer ordered him to lie shot — which was done ! Shortly atler, he took a small bark, laden with fresh water for tlic little island, which woa destitute of it. The next night Watling, with one hundred men, \e(t the ship in the boats and tlie small bark they had taken, and rowed for Arica. They landed on the continent about five leagues to the south of Ariea before it was light, and remained there all day concealed among the rocks. When the shades of night fell, they crept along the coast without licing iicreeived, and at the next morn- ing da\ni Watling landed with ninety-two nen. They were still four miles from the town, but they marched Imldly and rapidly forward, and gained on entrance with the loss of tlirce men killed and two wounded. Though in possession of the town, Watling neglected a fort or little castle, and when he had lost time and was ham- |iered by the number of prisoners he had made for the sake of their ransoms, and the inhabitants had recovered from their first panic, and had thrown themselves into the fort, ho found that place too strong for him. He attacked it, however, making use of the cruel expedient of placing his prisoners in the front of his own men; but the de- fenders of tlie fort, though they might kill countrymen, friends and relatives, were not by this deterred, but kept up a steady fire, and twice repulsed the buccaneers. .Meanwhile the Spaniards outside of the fort, made head from all parts, and hemmed in the bnceanccrs, who, from assailants, found themselves obliged to look for tlier own defence anil retreat. Watling paid for his iinprudence with his life, and two ipiarter-masters, the Imatswain, and some of the lust men among the rovers, fell before the flirt. Wlirii the rest withdrew from the town, and made for their boats, they were harassed the whole way by a distant firing from the Spaniards, but they ert'eeted their retreat in tolerably good order. The whole party, how- narrowly escaped deslriictioii ; for the Spaniards had forced from the prLsoners they took, the signals which had Ik'cu agreed upon with the men left four miles otl'in hai'gc of the liuecaneer boats ; and having made these signals, the boats had quitted their |)ost, to which the ro- vers were now retreating, und were setting sail to run lowiito the town, when Ihe most swift of foot of the band reached the sea. side just in linn' to call them back. They mbarked in the greatest hurry and ran for their ships, too iiineh disheartini'd to attiuipt to cnptui ; three vessels I hat lay at anchor in the roads. In this iniiinianugnd allaek on Ariea, tho buccanoers lost between killed and taken, Iwoiity-oight men, be. sides having oightnen wounded. Among the prisonerR taken by tho Spaniards, wore two surgeons, to whom had been confided the care of tho wounded. " We could have bionghl otV our doctors," says IlingroFc, " but they got to drinking while we were assaulting the fort, and wiion wn called to thorn, thoy would not come. Tho Spaniards gavn quarter to tho surgeons, thoy being nhio to do thorn good service in that country ; but as to Sharp out of his command ; and Sharp's parly were |H'r- the wounilnd men taken priaoners, they were all knocked iiMdcd to have iwlienco, neciiig they wore tho fowost, and Ion the lioud !" The deposed chief, Barty Sharp, was now reinstated the command, being esteemed a leader of safer con- duct than any other. It was unanimously agreed to quit the South Sea, which they proposed to do, not by sailing round tho American continent by the strait of Magalhanos, but by rcerossing the isthmus of Darien. They did not, however, immediately alter their course, hut still beating lo the south, landed on the lOth of March at Guasco, whence they carried off one hundred and twenty sheep, eighty goats, two hundred imshels of corn, and a plentiful supply of fresh water. They then stood to the north, and on the 27th passed Ariea at a respectful distance : " our former entertainment," says one of tho buccaneers, " having been so very had, that wo were no ways encouraged to slop there again." By the IGth of April, however, when tlicy were near the island Plata, where on a former occasion many of them " had lost their nuniey fo tlicir fellow buccaneers at dice," tho spirits of some of the crew had so mueh revived, that they were again willing to try their Ibr- tunes longer in the South Sea. Hut one parly would not continue under .Sharp, and others would nol reeogni.so a new commander. As neither jiarly would yield, it was determined to .separate, and agreed, "that which party soever upon polling should be found to have tho majority should keep the ship." Sharp's party proved the most nuinorous, and they kept tho vessel. The minority, which consisted of fonrly-four Europeans, two Mosquito Indians, and a Spanish Indian, took the long boat and tho canoes, as had been agreed, and separating from their old comrades, proceeded to the gulf of Sun Miguel, wlicro they landed, and travelled on fool over tho isthmus by much tho same route as they had come. From tho Atlantic side of tho isthmus they found their way lo tho West Indies. In this seceding party were tho two authors, William Dumpier and Lionel Wafer, tho surgeon. Dumpier published a brief sketch of Ibis Expedition to the South Sea, with an account of his return across the isthmus ; but of the latter the most entertaining description was written by Wafer, who, meeting with an aceident on his journey back, which disabled him from keeping pace with his countrymen, was loft behind, and remained for some months the guost of the Darion Indians. Living among them as ho did, he had ample opportunity of informing himself of all their manners andcustom.s, and I know no book that gives so complete and amusing a picture of the habits of savage life, unless it bo tho volume on the Now Zeu- landcrs, published by tho "Society for tho Diffusion of Knowledge." Sharp, with hia diminished crow, which must have been reduced to about seventy men, sailed with the ship northward to the gulf of Nicoya. Mooting no booty there, he returned to the island Plata, picking up throe prizes in his way. Tho first was a ship called tho San Podro, with a lading of cocoa-nuts, and 21,000 pieces of eight in chests, and 10,000 in bags, besides plate. The money in bags, with all the looso plunder, was immediately divided, each man receiving two hun- dred and thirty. four pieces of eight. The money in chests was reserved for a fiituro division. Their second prize was a packet from Panama bound to ('allao, by which they learned that in Panama it was believed that all the buccanoers had returned over land lo the West Indies. The third was a ship called the San Rosario, which made a bold resistance, and did nol submit until her captain was killed. She came from Cnllao with ii cargo of wine, brandy, oil, and fruit, and hud in her as much money as yielded ninety. four dollars to each buccBiioer. Through their ignoraneo of metals lliey missod a much groutur booty. There were seven hun- dred pigs nf plate which they mistook fiir tin, on ac- count of its not being refined and titled lor coining. They only took ono of Iho seven hundred pigs, and two thirds of this they molted down into bullets and otherwise squandered away. After having beaten along tho coast, coming at tiinos to niichor, making a few discoveries, and giving names to islands and buys, but taking no prizes, they sailed early in November from tlio shores of Patagonia. Tlioir navigation heneo, as Captain Kurney remarks, was mora than could lio imagined ! It was likn the journey of travellers by night in a itrango country without ii guide. The weallier being very stormy, they wore afVaid to venture through the strait nf Magalhanos, but ran to tho south lo go round the Tiorru del Fuego. Spite of tein|)0sts, clouds, and dnrknoss, and immenso iee-bergs, thoy doubled in safety the redoubtablu Cu|io Horn, nine months after tliolt comrKdu«,who went back by tlio istlimus of Darien, had lell Ihein. \,i'i>''' ■■;,., i.„«:m -■»,; ■ {■M 122 LIVES OF BANDITTI AND ROBBERS. i^ »{' •.;r y;- 1. , Oil the Jill ol'DLCi-iiiliur they iiiiuica divisiuii ot such (if thuir sjiuils as hud heuii rcscrvud, Kuch niuii's Hharo iiiiKiuiitud tu ihreu liiiiidrud and twunty-vight piocca of ei^rht. Oil January tlio SStli, 1G82, they mado the inland of llurbddocs, where the liritish iViguto Kichinoiid was lyhijf. " We liaviiig acted in all our voyage without a coiiiiiiission," sayx Uiiigrose, *> dared not lie so bold as to put in, lest the said frijjate should seize us for jiri- vateurin|r, and slrip us of all wo had jrot in the whole voyagi!.'" They, thcroforo, sailed to Antigua. I'eoiilo may say what they choose about the virtues of old times! It is a notorious fact that statesmen and the servants of govornincnt wore in those days corrupt, rapaiidus, dishonest. It seems to have been an es. tabli.-'hed jiraetice among the buccaneers to purchase iiii|Mniity by bribing our governors of the West India i.-'laiuls. liiil at Antigua, iT'h.'irp now found, as On. senior, ("uloiiel t'odriiiglon, an honest man, who would nut allow Ilia lady (o accept of a present of jewels sent by the bueeancers as a propitiatory otfering, nor give the liiieeanoers leave to enter the harbour. Tlio buccaneers then SI paralod. .Some stole Into Antigua on board of other ciall; Sharp and some others landed at Nevis, whoiiee they procured a passage to England. Their ship, the Trinidad, which they had captured in the Hay of ranaiiij, was left lo seven desperadoes of the coni- |iany, who having lost every farthing by gaming, had no indiieeiiient lo lead thciii to England, but remained wlicrc tiicy were, in the hope of picking up new asso- ciates, with whom they iniijlit again try their fortunes as free rovers. When Bartliolomciv Sharp arrived in England, ho and a few of his men wore apprehended and brought before a court of admiralty, where, at the instance of the .Spanish ambassador, Ihey were tried for piracies in the South Sea. One of the priiiripal charges against them was taking the Spiinish ship Rosario, and killing the captain and one of her men. " I!nt it was proved," says the author of an anonymous narrative, who was one of the niiccaiiecrs tried, "that the Spaniards fired at us first, and it was judgeil that wo ought to defend ourselves." I can hardly understand how it should have been so, but it is said, from the general defective- ness of the cvidencn produced, they all escaped con. viction. Three of Sharp's men wore also tried at Jamaica, one of whom '■ being wheedled into an open confession, was condeimiod and hanged ; the other two stood it out, and esea|)ed for want of witnesses to prove the fact against them." "Thus terminated," adds Captain Burncy, " vsliat may be called the First Expedition of the Duccanccrs in the South Sea; the boat excursion by Morgan's men in the Hay of Panama being of too little consequence lo be so reckoned. They had now made successful experi- ments of the route both by sea and land; and the Spaniards in the South Sea had reason to apprehend a speedy rencwalof their visit." .Vnd indeed their visit was repeated the very iic.\t year. "On Augiisl the !}3d, 1G8.1," says William Dani- picr, who had not had enough of his first expedition, " we sailed from Virginia, under the coiiiiimiid of Cap- lain Cuiik, bound for the South Soas." Their ad- venturous, dangerous mode of life must have had strong charms lor them, for besides Dainpier and Cook, Lionel Wafer, Edwaid Davis, and Ambrose Cowloy, went for the second time, and indeed nearly all of their crow, aiiiounting to about .seventy men, wern old buccaneers. Their ship was called llie Kevenge, and mounled eighteen ginis : an immense superiority over the craft with which lliey had already scoured those seas, anil which had not oven a single large gun on board, (|iiite enough has been said to irjvo the reader a no lion of the iiioile of proceeding anil living of these marauders. Without inelnding an account of the dis eovories they iiiailo in the South .Sea, and the additions IJaiiipier and Wafer procured lo our knowledge of the natural history of those parts of the globe, and of the niaiiners and liabits of the savages who inhabited them, a i-oiitmuation of the narrative of the bueeaneerH would be monotonous; and lo include these would occupy loi: iimeli space, and not be germane to a work like tin present. I will, therefore, mention only a few par- lieiilars, and harteii to the oxtinclijn of tliese extraordi- nary a»so< iations. When the llevengo got into the South Sea, Ihey were surprised tu find another English ship there. 'I'his ship had been fitted out in the river Thanies, under a pretence of tradinjr. but with the iiitonliuii of niuking a piratical voyage. Her comniander was one John Eaton, who readily agreed to keep company wilh Cook. Cook died ill July, just as they made Capo Blanco, and Ed- ward Davis, the second in command, vsas unanimously elected to succeed him. 'I'his man, tliougli a buccaneer, had many good and some great qualities. Humane himself, he repressed the ferocity of his companions; he was prudent, moderate, and steady ; and such was his commanding character, and the Gonfidcnce his worth and talent inspired, that no rival authority was ever set up against him, but the lawless and capricious freebooters obeyed him implicitly in all that lie ordered. For a long while he maintained his sway, not only over the two ships already mentioned, but over another English vessel, and over two hundred French, and eighty English buccaneers that crossed the isthmus of Darien, and joined him, besides other parlies, that went from time to time to try their fortunes in the South Seas. Jty far the most interesting incident in the history ol these marauders is found in this their second o.X|ieditian in the I'acific. On their first cruise, when under the command of Watling, tlio buccaneers having been sud- denly scared away from the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez by the appearance of three armed Spanish ships, letl lieliind them one William, an Indian of the iMosqiiito tribe, whose atlachnient to the English ad- vciiiurers has been mentioned. The poor fellow was absent in the woods, hunting gouts for food tor the buccaneers at the time of the alarm, and they could spare no time to search after him. When this second expedition came near Juan Fernandez, on March 22d, 1C84, several of the buccaneers who had been with Walling, and were still atlacheil lo their faithful Indian comrade William, were eager to discover if any truces could be lonnd of him on the island, and accordingly made for it in great haste in a row-boat. In this boat was Dampicr, who, marauder though he was, has doscriliod the scene with exquisite 8iin]ilicily and feeling, and Robin a .Mosquito Indian. As they approached the shore, to their astonishment and delight they saw William at the seaside wailing to receive them. " llobin, his countryman," says Dampier, " was the first who leaped ashore from the boat, and running to his brother .^Iosquito man, threw himself Hat on his face at his feet, who helping him up and embracing him, fell Hat with his face on the grmiiul at Robin's feet, and wai by him taken up also. Wo stood with pleasure to behold the surprise, tenderness, and solemnity of this interview, which was exceedingly affectionate on both sides; and when their ceremonies were over, we, also, that stood gazing at them, drew near, each of us em- bracing him we had found here, wlio was overjoyed to .xee so many of his old friends come hither, as he thonght, purposely to fetch him." William had by this time lived in utter solitude for more than three years. The Spaniards knew that he had been left behind at the island, and several ships of that nation had stopped there and sent (leoplo in pursuit of him, but he, dreading they would put him lo death as an ally of their persecutors, the English buccaneers, had each time Hed and succeeded in concealing hiinseU from their search. When his friends first sailed away and left him at Juan Fernandez, William had with him a musket, a small horn of powder, a few shot, and a knife. " When his ammunition was expended," continues Dampier, " he iniiirived, by notching his knife, to saw Ihc barrel of his gnu into small pieces, wherewith he made har- poons, lances, hooks, and u long knife, heating the pieces of iron first in the fire, and then hainmering them out as ho pleased with stones. This may seem strange to those not acquainted with the sagacity of the Indians; hut it is no more than what the -Mosquito men were accustomed to in their own country." Ho had worn out the English clothes with which he had landed, anil now had no covering save a goatskin round his waist. For fishing, he made lines from sealskins cut into thongs. " Ho had built himself a hut, half a mile from the seashore, which he lined wilh goatskins, and slept on his eoiieh or liiirticcu of sticks raised about two feel from the ginniid, and spread with goalskins." lie saw the huceaneers' ships the day before, and with his quick sight perceived at a great distance, that from their rigging and manner of inameuvring they must bo English; ho therefore killed three goals, which he diessed with vegetahles, and when his friends and libera- tors landed he had a feast ready prepared for them. After liuvinjf cruised for four years, Davis Biid ni«ny of his companions returned to the West Indies in ItiHti, ill time to benefit by a proclamation ollcring the king's pardon to all buccaneers who would claim it and quit tlinir lawless way of lilt*. '* It was not," says Captain Uurney, " the least of fortune's favours to this crow, that they should find it in their power, without any care or forethought of their own, to terminuto a long course of piratical adventures in quietness and secuiity," By a short time atler the return of Davis, all the buc. cancers, both Freiic' 'id English, had quitted the South Sea, most of them g eti'ectcd a retreat across the isthmus, in which tl;.._, met with some most despcrnte adventures. They continued their depredations for a few years longer in tlic West Indian seas, and on tiic coasts of the Spanish main, bat they never returned to the I'a.. cific. On the accession of William III. a war l«;tweeii Great Britain and France, that had been an unusually liin[r time at peace with each other, seemed inevitable. 'I'lie French in the West Indies did not wait for its declaru- tioii, but attacked the English portion of St. (^'Iiristoplur, which island, by joint agreement, had been made thu original and confederated Bettlement of the two nations. The English were forced to retire to the island of St. Nevis, 'i'lic war lietweeu France and England, which followed, lasted till nearly tlie end of William's reign. The old ties of amity were rent asunder, and the bueca- neers, who hud been so long leagued against the Spa- niards, now carried arms against each other, the FreiKh acting as auxiliaries to the regular forces of their nation, the English fighting under the royal flagof tlicirs. They never again confederated in any buccaneer cause. Had they been always united and properly headed — had con. quest and not plunder been their object, tlicy might gra- dually have obtained possession of a great part of Ha' West Indies — they might at once have established an in. de|K;ndent stiite among the islands of tlie Pacific ocean. The treaty of Ryswick, which was signed in Septeiii. ber 1G',)7, and the views of the English and French cabi- nets as regarded Spain, and then, four years later, the accession of a Bourbon prince to the Spanish throne, led to the final suppression of tlicse marauders. Many of Ilium turned planters or negro drivers, or followed their pro- fession of sailors on board of merchant vessels ; but otheri^, who had good cruising ships, quitted the West Indies, separately, and went roving to dilTercnt parts of tlic globe. Their distinctive mark, which tliey uiideviatingly pre- served nearly two centuries, was their waging constant war against the Spaniards, and against them only." — Now this was obliterated, and they no longer existed as buccaneers. I conclude witli the words of Captain Burney, in which will he found a melancholy trutli, but which, 1 hope, from the amelioration of our colonial governments and oiii general improvement, will soon, as regards Englishiniii and present times, apjicar like a falsehood. " In the history of so much robbery and outrage, the rapacity shown in some instances by tlie European governincnts in their West Indian transactions, and liy governors of their ap|iointmeiit, ap|iears in a worse light than that of the buccaneers, from whom, they iH'ing pro- fessed rutfians, nothing better was expected. Tlic suiHrior attainments of Euro|H'ans, though they have done much towards their own civilisation, cliieHy in humnnisiiijr their institiitioiis, have, in Uieir dealings with the iiiliii- bitants of the rest of the glolie, with few exceptions, been made the instruiiieiits of usurpation and extortion. " AlUr the suppression of the huceaneers, and partly from their relics, arose a race of pirates of a more (lis- prrate east, so reiulered by the inereased danger of llirii oeciipation, who fiir a iiumher of years preyed U|kiii the eommerce of all nations, till they were hunted down, anil, it may be said, exterminated," .Ml my readers will remeniber that there has been a doubt expressed, whether or not a dignitary of the I'lif;- lisli ehureli had not Iseii in early lilt' a bueeaneer and ii robber. I say all will reniember it, because Lord Hyrnii nlluded to the eirenmstanec in a note to " ThoX'orsair," one of the finest of his poems. As, however, the passage is short as it is curious, I will quote it here. " In Noble's continuation of Granger's Biograpliicnl History there is a singular passage in his accmnil of Arehlushop Blackboiirne ; and as in some measure con- nected with the profi'SHion of tlic^ hero of the lliregniii|; poem, I cannot resist the temptation of extraiiling it.— ' There is something mysterious in the history and elm- racterof Dr. Blackliourne. The former is but iiniicrlectly known i and rc|iort lioo even asserted ho was a buccinctii "Mrs. Iluhh III' Siiiiiii'l Cii.i llial she h.iil -. ■ Irani, she tin n whin- lleiiiii^JK nfS.'eiini| stirel then liiii'W it w, wire iilV.iiil Ilia 111' ir of it, slioii! iK^'iiilt. lie \\; williiii iiniiii ilia fill to give no wliire Ihey wis i'll:isirs, \e. "Itl.h'Klii'aril lute Dr. Hugh > in 111 r y.'llth em CT|ll'Mri| lu- him iu riiiiadeliiliia 4 KlCCANIiKRS or A3ICRICA. I2;j t liidioa ill Ititjij, ;ring tlie king's liiiiii it and quit ," says Coptoiti a to til is crow, vitliout any care to a long courBi! 1 secuiily." avis, all the buc. juittcd the Soutli ;trcut across the 1 most desperate dations for a few id on tlic cojislii uriicd to the l\. ir between Grcut 1 unusually li)n(r incvitiiblc. 'i'lie t for itji dccliiru- f St. ('hriatoplici-, 1 been made tlie the two nations, the island of St. England, which William's reign, r, and the bueca- against the iSpa- Dther, the French cs of their niilion, g of tlieirs. They leer cause. Ilail leaded — had con. , they might grn- great part of the esitublislu'd an in. le Pacific ocean, ligncd in Scptein- and French eabi- r years later, the paiiish throne, led irs. Many of tlicm >llowed their pro- 'esscls ; but otlieri^, the West Indies, parts of tlie glol)e. uideviatiiigly pro- waging coin-tunt St tlii'm only."— longer existed as Burncy, in wliich liieh, 1 hope, from niiients and oni ards Giiglishnien lod. and outrage, the ly tlio European isaetions, and hy in a worse light , they being pre- ed. The BU|H'rioi linve done iiiiieh in humanising [H with the iiihn- exceptions, lieen extortion. leers, and partly of a more lies- 1 danger of the ir [preyed upon the uiiteddowii, ami, lliere has been a Inry of the Kng- Ibueeaiieer and a liuse Lord Hyrcn ThoX'orsuir," it is curious, I j-'s lliogruplileal his account of |e measuri' cnn- If the foregoing lextraeling il.— Iiistory and elia- 1 but imperfectly las abuccaiit«t; and that one of his bretlireii in tlmt prolession having a.-ked, on liis arrival in England, wliat had become ol' Ins old cimni, lllaciibounie, was answered, he is ar; and translated to York, Moveniber 2t<, 17^4, as a reward, according to court scandal, lor uniting tJeorge I. to the l>uehess of Munster. Tliis, however, ap|H;ar3 to have been uii uiifounilid ciiluniny. As arclil)islio|) liortunily [mark this] of lodging their friends where they please to come to their assistance; and nowhere in America, [mark this!] I believe, so much as in this town.' " Such was the picture of piracy which once distressed and alarmed our forefathers, anil shows in itself iniich of the eau.se of the immeroiis vague tales wc still occasion- ally hear of Ulackbeard and Ihe pirates." From a very scarce book now before us, entitled " A (ieiieral Iiistory of the Pyrales, from their first rise and settlement in the Island of Providence to the present time, by Charles Johnson, lib edition, Londim, 17:iG," wiiieli was evidently prepared w itli constant reference to aulheiilic documents, wo have collected tlic following particulars. ULACKIlEAnD. Edward Teach, heller known by the name of Bi.aik- iiKAiii), was born in Ihislol, Eiighuid, and for a eonsider- abh' [le'riod was i iigaged in privateering from tlic Island of Jamaica. He in ted as a private sailor till the year 171li, wliiii a Captain Horiiigold, a noted pirate, raised him lo the eoiiiiiiand of a sloop he had inach' prize of. He ciHiliiiiieil ill eonipniiy with Horiiigold until Ihe latti r was captured. In the spring ol'l717 they sailed logelher friHii Ihe l.-^lniidof I'rovideiice lor the Aiinrican eohmie.s, and look in their way a \essel Iroiii Havaiin, which Iliey plundered, ami a sloo|i from llermiida, fVoiii w liieli they look only a le'W gaMoiis of wine, and dismissed her. They also eaplmed a ship from Ma(hi.-a, bound to South Carolina, from which they gol eonsiderable plumhr. Aller cleaning their ves.sel on the coast of Virg-iiiia, they slarled liir Ihe West Indies, and on the voynge made prize of a large Kn iiiditiiiineaman. Aller various eruises lliey were shipwrecked on the coast of Norlli Caridina, when 'i'eaeh, In ariiig of a proelamalion by wliieli all pirales who surrendered were to bo pardoned, wi lit w ilh tweiily of his iiii^n lo the (j;overiior of that slnti', and re- ctivcil ceflificutca of having complied with its terms. ihit it does not ap|)ear that their Mil mission w as from any retbrmation, but only lo gain lime to prepare lin- a re- newal of their deeds of iiiii]uily. An opporliinily soon presented, with a fair prospi el of success, Ttac h having in the interim cultivated a good iimh rslanding wilh Cliarhs Eden, the governor above nienlioin d. He had brought in, some time before, a miTcbanlnian, of which, says Johnson, Eden contrived to give him possession, through a packed vice-admiralty com I, lieUI at Itatli Town, though it was notorious that be had never held tt coniinis.^iou in his life, and thai the vessel in ipiestion be- longing to English merehants bad l,ii ii taken in lime of peace. Helbre Teach sailed he married a girl of about sixteen, the governor perlurming the (cri^moiiy — this, it is said, made his fourteenlh wiii! What acts ounds. Oil the 17tli of the same month. Lieutenant Maynnrd sailed from Kiciiuctan, in James river, in search of JllacklMMrd. On the 31st, in the evening, he came lo the mouth of Ocracoek inlet, where he got sight of the pirate. This ex|)editiou was managed with the greatest seitrecy, the oflicer prudently slopping all boats and vessels he met witli in tlic river, to prevent any inlelligeiue reaching the outlaws. Hut, notwithstiuiding this cant ion, Uhick- licard had information of the design from ( iovcrnor Eden, liis secretary, Mr. Knight, having written him a letter, with the iiiliirmation that he had sent him four of his men, who were all he couhl muster, reminding him ta be oil his guard. 'I'he pirate, having frccpi.ntly Inforo lieen falsely alarmed, paid little altenlion to the advice, nor was he hilly aware of the expedilioii till he adually saw the sloops. He immediately put his vessel in a slate of deliiicc. Having but about iwenly-five men on board, lie told them to sell their lives ilearlv, and Iheii sat down lo a drinking frolic with the master of a trading sloop, who it was suspected was rather too inlimate with the pirate liir his own credit, Lieulenant iMaynnrd came to anchor in front of thn iiilel, but In the morning weighed, and sent liis boats ahead of the sloops to sound. On coming within gun- shot of the pirales, he received their lire, and hoisliiig Ihe king's eohiurs, stcxal directly for Hie eneiiiv, when Itlackbeard cut his cable, and indeaMiiirid lo'makc a running light, keeping up a eontiniii d lire with his guns, wliieh Alayiiard could only aiiswir with small arms, the shallowness of the iiavigaiion preilnding their carrying cannon. In a lillle lime 'I'each's sloop ran aground', but the heulcnant's drawing more water he could not come near him, and therefore anchored within gnn-shol. In oilier lo lighUn Ihe vessel, so as to run him al«iard, Mny- iiard threw over all Ihe hallast and water, weighed, and slood for the pirate, Ulackbeard liailid him with an oalli, and dcinaiided who they were and whence tliey ennie. 'I'hc Lieiilemint imuh> answer, " You see hy our cohiurs that we are no pirali s." Itlackbeard onhred liim to send a boat aboard, that he might see wlio lie was, but ho wiu answered that Uicy could not Bparc tJio boat, but 'y>^- ' ■>! ■■■■ ''y ■'■ ■' ! 'i? >'. nr' would come aboard with tlic sloop as soon ns they could. The pirntc took n glass of liquor, and drinking to his opponent, Bworc he would ncitlicr give nor receive r a ■ of clothes lia| n] to say, ' Now, Thomas, if you ill ' coach for life!' Tlu . imerily and -im, lif-ity 'I he littered this, caught the attenlion Jil Ik -As l«rly k, n iiey go nat a wi . iseomlil Siiiitli, eerlaiii, anil supp Island, falnateil qnimtitie a point o! (lull ^ftiCf tlieniselvL .sand idle Dinners.' ini'iit is " tiTuSiire wiinilirful use til hi liiied lo diep ereel purling hi Jolnisoii hooter, wit 'I'liose of I wliieh the; a cruise, tl more IhiUi days amon luliw — hii and disapp This indivi (irmly lielii \S lii'ii lie was \\')io wns inrii- il to siiy, ' \ow, 11 of'lllf II V light (Irh f city ih yoiiiii; isi* woiui rrslilinii ad liiildiu nut llir !•■ imcnt, oT ohn IK'iHi lie stated lie linil Cooper's Poiiil, kcd, and fjave to on his (ieriiuih s fa ther'i* papers, whonihe visili'd r as a precious outofhisliandK. BIJCCANEEKS OF AMERICA. J 23 t rr A* of neks, St witii one Ain- ;apable of 'print. ■di;e of the blaek c was (li'liphtril njure Hendrieks linted to meet in I'hiladelpliia, by secret hy l''er. J prepared by a ovc their sittinif ic invoked jrhnsl, nlirely sewed U|i linted hlaek-eyed hes of black be- L' lefTs and thi};lis jiicuons. About 1(1 a table. Am. which were in. 1 he should briiii; lo or invisible lie ndricks ' dii trr- .>ard to reel, the cks, with cliastly were dismayid this, .Amhriister, that lie had by ley. A (lay wus |liore, and to dij; lay between two |l two black men, tticoat-breeelies ; ic whenever they lously pill there. a little. Whin y eats, lied two of gunpowder, eats wliawleil. ought in great id disaster 1 , w ho niauageil , trod upon tlic on to the |ii.t, lost I I'Vir years [hat loss, and di'- id wa«i eurieluil il at but tiny rove; but llidr e. Some years luiiKMiroiis pbiy, |of it is now in ntaiued many It gave sui II t could not he ' lines in it, lor erinati-Eiiglisli lilly pointed out Tiiiowh'dge, hail ■ee on the north, |, was well re- Jen niueli dug. yenr, has told 1 said of Dlaek- old. Tnlcs lint person liad hr»rd • c. liived to have buried pots or chests of money, in every die|i creek along our coasts, had not the iiieans of sup- porting himself Oil shore when he left oft' cruising." Johnson lias one more anecdote of this tamous free- booter, witli which he closes his annals of Captain 'I'eacli. 'I'liose of bis crew wlio were taken alive, told ii story in which they placed implicit reliance, — that when out upon a cruise, tliey discovered there was one man on board more than their complement. He was seen for several diiys ainoiig them — sometimes U|>on deck, and sometimes klnv — but was entirely unknown to any of the bands, and disappeared suddenly, without any one's knowledge. 'I'liis iiidividuiil these supeistitinus and ignorant wretches liriiily lielievcd was the devil! CAPTAIN KID. Captain Kid's piracies arc of an earlier date than Dhickbcard's, and, being carried on at a greater distance from our shores, excited less attention among the mass of the iH'o|>le. From Johnson's history, and other sources the following facts have been collected. It a|ipears, that bi^fore the Karl of iiellamont sailed to tak iiiiinaiid as governor of the provinces of .Massaehu- selt'i Hay and New llanipsliire, in lGi)8, he became ac. (|iiaiute(l with Kobert Livingston, Esq. the ancestor of the present liivingstons of New York, who was then in Liiglaiid, prosecuting bis own aft'airs liefore the (ouneil. The earl took occasion to mention to .Mr. Livingston the scandal which attached to the province on account of the pirates. The latter eonfessed the reports in circul.ition were well Ibinided, and introduced the earl to (Japtain Kid, wliuin he recommended as a man of integrity and courage, well acquainted with the ]iirates and their ren- dezvous, and who would undcrtaki^ to apprehend them, if the king would employ a good sailing frigate of thirty guns and one hundred and fifty men. Ikllamont laid the proposal before the king, who consulted the admiralty ii|ioii the subject; this project was, however, dropped, mill .Mr. Livingston then proposed a private adventure against the pirates, olfering lo be concerned with Kid to llic amount of one fifth of the cost of outfit, and to be liinisilf responsible for Kid's fiiithftil execution of the coiiiiiilssioii. The king then gave his approval to the plan, and reserved to himself a tenth share, to show that lie was concerned in the enterprise. Lord Chancellor Soiners, and others of high standing, joined in the si'lieine, agreeing to make up a sum of six tliousaiid pounds, leaving the management of the whole affair Lord Itellaniont, who gave orders to Kid to pursue liis I'onniiission, which was in the usual form. Kid sailed from Plymouth fiir New York, in April, Ki'lli, bearing also a commission, to justify him in taking I'rciich merchant ships, King William iKMiig llieii at war with that nation. His vessel, the Adventure (iallcy, carried thirty guns and eighty men; on the voyage they captured a French " banker," and, arriving nt New \ork, Kid advertised for more men, ott'ering every one who joined a shnro of wliiit should be taken. Hii com- pany was thus increased to one Imndred luid fifty men, with wliieli crew he sailed, first for Madeira, where he took ill wine and other articles, ond proceeded to Hona. »istn, to procure salt. He now bent his course to Mnda. gasPiir, the known rendezvous of' pirates, wlieru lie arrived in I'cliniary, tti07, The pirates were most of tliein out in search of prey, so that according to tlic best information Kid could ob- tain, there were none of their vessels about the island. \ller watering and taking in provisions Kid steered liir the coast of Alulabar, and made an unsuccessful cruise. It does not appear that, up to this period, he had any de. sign of turning buccaneer himself, tor on the last named voyage he fell in witli several India ships, richly laden, to wiiieh lie offered no violence, though bis crew was numerous enougli to have captured the whole; he soon, however, began to open his views to the men, by infbrin- ing lliein that the Mocha fleet, wliicli was to set sail shortly, would make their fortunes. Finding that none of them made any objection, he ordered a boat out, well manned, to go on the coast to make discoveries, coiii- manding tliein to take a prisoner and bring him aboiird, or procure intelligence by any other method. 'I'lie boat returned in a few days, bringing him word that they saw IburteiMi or fifteen sliijis ready to sail, some with Dutch and others with Moorish Hags. Kid must have determined to turn pirate in conse- quence of his disappointments and apprehensions lest his owners, on discovering his want of success, should dis- miss him. Whatever his motives might have been, he soon fell in with the fleet, and firing into a Moorish shi|i the others bore down upon him, and obliged hiin to sheer off; hut, having commenced hostilities, he soon captured a small vessel, bclongitig to Moorish merchants, the mas. ler of which was an KngUshman, named Parker ; Kid fbrci^t him and a Portuguese, the only Europeans on board, to join his crew, the first for pilot, and the other as interpreter. He also u.se(l the men very cruelly, causing tliein to bo hoisted up by their arms, and drubbed with tt cutlass, in order to make them confess where their money was concealed, but as they had ncillier gold nor silver on board, he took nothing tVoni tlie vessel but a little coffee and pepper. 'I'he news of this piracy soon spread, and a Portuguese man-of-war was sent out in search of the new pirate ; meeting with Kid, a savage battle was fought, in which both ships were more or less injured, and our hero, find- ing the enemy too strong for him to entertain the hope of coming oft" conqueror, hoisted sail and made oft'. .Meeting with better success soon after, Kid was seined with a fit of penitence, entertaining fears that his eon- duct would eventually bring him to the gallows ; after ovei hauling a Dutch ship without committing any vio- lence, his crew mutinied, and the dispute ended with his laying one of liis men dead at his feet. His conscience does not appear to have troubb'd him long. Coasting along Malabar, ho met a great number of boats, all of" wliicli he plundered, as well as a Portuguese ship, of which he kept [lossession a week, and having extracted some cases of India goods, thirty jars of butter, with some wax, iron, and a hundred bags of rice, he let her go. lianding on one of the .Malabar islands for wood and water, his coojK'r was murdered by the natives, upon which Kid burnt and pillaged several of their houses. Having captured one of the islanders, he hung hiiii to a tree, and comnianded one of his men to shoot him ; after which, putting to sea, he captured a Moorish ship of 100 tons, richly laden. The share of each man, after the cargo was sold, amounted to two hundred pounds, and Kid's to eight thousand, .sterling. Putting some of his men on board his prize, the two set sail for Madagascar, where he fraternised with some noted pirates, supplying tlieni with such articles as they stood in need of Find- ing his galley no longer sea-worthy, he transferred his (|iiarters to the recently cajiturcd ship, the "Qucda Mer- chant," and was soon placed in a situation of great dis- tress by the desertion of the ]M'incipal part of his crew, who either absconded on shore or joined other captains; about lorly only remaining with him. Touching at Amlmyna, 111 was inlbrmed that the news of his piracies had reached England, and that he was there dei^lared a pirate, a mo. tioii having !"■ i made in the Hou.se of Commons to enquire into tin- conduct of the parties who had fitted out the ex|)edilioii, and even for their expulsion from their places; this however was rejected by a largo ma- jority. Some of them were afterwards im|icached, but ac()uitted, and Lord nellamont published a |iamplilet jus- tifying himself from tlie aspersions cast upon his charac- ter. A proclamation had been published, otFcring the king's free pardon to all such pirates as should surrender theiiiselves liefore the last day of April, 1()9U ; in this, liiiwcver, Avery and Kid were excepted by name. Wlicn Kid left Ainboyna, ho could have known nothing of this exception, or he would not have liecn bo infatuated as to have run himself into the meshes of his enemies. Uelying ujion his infcrcst with Lord nellamont, and lie- lieving that a French ptuis or two lie had found on board some of the ships he had taken, would hush np the affair, while his liooty would gain hiin new friends, he sailed directly for New York, where he no sooner landed, than the whole eoinpiiny was arrested by Lord H.'s orders, together with their piijH'rs and effects. At first they were admitted to bail, hut were afterwards put in strict con- fineincnt, and finally sent to England lor trial. At an admiralty sessions, held at the Old Uailey in 1701, ('aptaiii Kid, Nicholas Churcbill, James Howe, Robert Luniley, William Jenkins, (iabriel Loft", Hugh Parrot, Kichard Uailieoriie, Abel Owens, and Darby .MiiUins, Vivrv arraigned for jiiraey and robliery on the high seas, and all found guilty, except three, Lumley, Jenkins, and Harlieorne, who, proving themselves under indentures to sonic ollicers of the ship, were acquitted. The others had availed themselves of the pardon and surrendered. Kid was also tried for murder and found guilty, though he plead his own imioeenee and the villaiiy of his men, declaring that he went out in a laudable employment ; that the men often nmtinied, and did as they plea.scd; that he was threatened to be shot in his cabin, and that ninety-five left him at one time, and set fire to his lioat, so that he was prevented from bringing his ship home, or the prizes he took, to have them regularly condemned. He called a witness to jirove his good charaiUcr and bra- very, but the evidence against him liciiig full and par- ticular, alxiut a week afterwards he and tiis eoinpaiiionH were executed at Execution Dock, and afterwards hung up in chains at some distance from each other, where their bodies were exposed lor many years. .Mr. Watson has jireserved the " Ballad of Captain Kid, a great rarity in the present day, although the [loiisive tones are still known to sonic." As a curiosity in its way we here insert it; the tune was the saine as that of the eccentric song, " Farewell, yc blooming youth," &.C. My name was Captain Kid, When 1 sail'd, when I sail'd. My name was l^aptain Kid, And so wickedly 1 did, (iod's laws I did forbid. When I sail'd, when I sail'd. I roain'd from sound to soiiiiil. And many a ship I found. And them I sunk or burn'd. When I sail'd, when I sail'd. I murdered William .Moore, And laid him in his gore, Not many leagues from shore. When I sail'd, when I sail'd. Farewell to young and old, All jolly seamen liold ; You're welcome to iiiy gold, For I must die, I must die. Farewell to Lunnon town, The pretty girls all round; No pardon can be found. And I must die, 1 must die. Farewell, for I must die, Then to eternity. In hideous misery, I niu.st lie, I must lie. The foregoing abridgements of tlie lives of two cele- brated sea rovers, have been rendered as short as possible. In the appendix lo his 4tli edition, Johnson expresses some doubt as to tlie culpability of Governor Eden, but the let- ter from his secretary, previously quoted, and other corro- borating eircnnistanees, have left n suspicion upon his character which will not easily be elfaccd. As this is a curious piece of colonial history but rarely referred to, we may add, that Dr. Williamson, author of the History of South Carolina, appears to give full credit to the story, stating, that " Eden's administration wm checiuered by trouble, and clouded by disgrace, that lie might and should have prevented — His conduct," ho continues, " when viewed in the most favourable light, was very imprudent, although his guilt was not fully established." Another covernor, Robert Quarry, of South Carolino, was degraded, in Ifitjl, for liartxiuring pirates, and the cbaraoter of Flctchtt, the resident governor of New York M \--^ n m '.''■in : |.,t.« m . I ' ', ij-i aHi 'uit f- if. u.i': I'll i2n MVEs ov HANDiTTi AM) Ronnr:us. '.»*■'■;■. ■•U- i •*] Mi iH'foro till' iippDinliiu'iit of Iionl Hi'll;iinoiit, whs also stained willi tlic saiiir ri'pnuifh, linviii}; liccu stri)n{;ly BiisiHTtrd nl* CDiilrdiraliii); \vil!i Kid and liis assmiatcs. Whin that pirali; was s<'unrrd, it was discovered thai Nicoll, a im'iidu'r iiriho jrovirmir's council, had received hril>es for (LfraiitiiiL' prijteelions to pirates wlio Ireipirnted the Sonnd. fiord llrllanioiit's council advised that Kh'tchcr sliouhl l>e sent to Kn^hinil, to he tried for piracy ; ami that Nicoll should he tried in the colony, hut, accordinff to Smith's History of New York, their nilvici^ was never carrieil into execution, prohahly owiu}; to a want of evidence ajraiiist tla^ parties. cmXESK PIRATES. The celestial empire, spite of the hoasled wisdom of its governmiiit, and the virtue and order that have hecn supimsed lo reijrn tliere for so many centuries, is no more free from robbers tluin countries of less ancient date and iulerior pretension. On the contrary, if wc ex- cept India, no part of the world has, in our time, wit- nessed such forniid:il)le and nmniTous associations of freebooters. These C'hinese robbers w<'re pirates, and I am disjio.sed to give a sk<'tcli of them and their adviui- turcs, as a sirikinjj jitiidanl to tlie preceding chapter on the Uuccaneers of America; luid this, because I am not only in possession of ii most curious account of the suppression or pacification of the rovers, translated from tiie oriijinal Chinese, but of a corroboration written hy an Dluirlislnuan, wlio was so unfort\mate as to fall into their hands, and to sei^ his comrades (Knjriisli sailor.s) obliged to lake part in their marauding and nuirderous expeditions. For the translation of i'luii Tszc's "History of the Pirates who inlested the China Sea.from 181)7 to ISKI," wo are indebted to tliat excellent institution, the Oriental Translation l'"und, and to tin; labours of the dislin;.niislied Orientalist, .Mr. Cliirles Fried Neumann; and for the Narrative (first published in Wilkinson's Travels to Chi- nal of his captivity and treatjiient amongst the Ladrones, (pirates,) to Rieliard (;iass])oole, Ks(|. of the Hon. East India Company's service, a genllenvm who is still living. I shall make out my aeeounf of the Chinese pirates from either of lliese two authorities. The I.ailrones, as they were christened by the Portn- guese of .ATaeao, were originally a disalfected set of Chinese, that revolted against the oppression of the ^lan- diirijies. 'I'he tirst scene of their depredations was the westt.-n coast, about Cochin-t'hina, wlicre they began by attn 'l-iug small tradijig vessebt in row Imals, earr\ in'g from thi'ty to forty men eaeli. Tiiey continued "this system of piracy, and thrived and increased in numbers under it for several years. At length the liime of their KUccesses, and the oppression arui horrid poverty and want tliat many of the lower order of Chinese laboured under, had the clfeet of augmenling their bands with astonishing rapidity. FiliTiguishi'd by his valour and ( ciiiduct. Hy de- grees Chiiig obtained almost a supremacy of command ov( r the whole united licit; and so conlichnt was this robher in his streiiL'th and daily augmenting means, tliat he aspiri'd lo the dignity of a great iKilitical oolo had the ill f'or- tnne to fall into their power. This gentleman, then an olfieer in the Ea.st India Company's ship the Marquis of Ely, which was anchored under an island about twelve miles from Macao, was ordered to proceed to the latter |ilace with a boat to procure a pilot. He lell the ship in one of the cutters, wilh seven liritish seamen well armid, on the 17tli September IBIKI. He reached Macao in safety, and having finished his businiss there and procured a pilot, returned towards the ship the following day. Hut, unfortunately, the ship had weighed anchor and w.as under sail, and in consequence of squally weather, accompanied with thick fogs, the boat could not reach her, and Mr. (ilasspoolc and his men and the pilot were lell at sea, in an 0]xn bnat. "Our situation," savs that gentleman, " was truly distressing — night closing fast, with a threatening apiiearance, blowing fresh, with hard rain and a heavy sea ; oiir boat very leaky, without a compass, anchor, or provisions, and drilling fast on a lee-shore, surrounded with dangerous rocks, and inhahiled hy the most barbarous [lirales." Aller snflering dreadfully for three whole days, Mr. (ilissiinole, by the advice of the pilot, made for a narrow ch.annel, where ho presently discovered three l.irge heals at anchor, which, on seeing the English boat, w( iglii il and made sail towards il. The ]iilot told Mr. (;iaFS|ioolc they were Ladroncs, and that if they capliired the Imal, they would certainly put them all to death ! Aller row- ing tremendously for six hours they escaped these boats, but on the following morning falling in with a large fleet of the pirates, which the English mistook lor fish- ing boats, they were captured. "About twenty savage looking villains," says Mr. (I'lasspoolc, "who were stowed at the bottom of a lioat, leaped on board us. They were armed with a short sword in either hand, one of which they laid iqion our nc^cks, and iminted the other to our breasts, kiepiiig their eyes fixed on their officer, wailing his signal to cut or desist. Seeing wc were incaiiahle of making any re- sistance, tlic officer sheathed his sword, and the others immediately followed his example. They then dragged us into their boat, and carried lis on board one of their junks, with the most savage demnnslrations of joy, and, as we snp|iosed, to torture and piU us to a cruel death." When on hoar hiiii, if he J our ransom, I .\rtcr vain 3 Cflasspoolc « side and loot " .MkuiI si rii^ and a lit siirns for us miiiilw'rs of tcroiit ves.scls they Would particularly were new, an I lid it on the was taken aw d.iy strip|Kd tiirly in th one o'clock th of Lantow, w .ac?;uaintance luirdred ves.'^ lured a tew d. crew of whic morning, a fisi tared an Eur< Eiifrlish were i " Oni' of till and told me he captain in sear he had no lett wiiii the chic; opiiiin, and phr was siiiiiuioncd qiicsiioned us ii lieviil we were iViendly with ; .■HViiity ihoiisai up the ri»cr, li .Alacao. I assi Icrins, and iinli Knglisli fleet v .iltogetber incf said if it were hglit, or put us lay letter to thi tioned. He sai li.ss than five di wrote when firs certain his rcj dariii not negot the head adiiiir lieiiig captured. till' Mandarins i While the fl who were left i drones that wcr rirtiinatelv csca '• .Vt daylight to aliovc five liu procei'd on tliei contributions on I'l describe whal having received iiiiili r way lo never visited h; fir many monti of negotiating fe Ihi' only method a lo.ss from the nlkive twenty in ami go in tlio ni lioats should l(C the Ladroncs, th CIIINKSK rinATES. 127 llli tiir tlirlii; llll'lll.' 'I'llftl icr wiili J.M1I1S mill woiiimIiiI. i*j, nrui U-'j-iin I tlii^ iiiiii III' lIll'V l>t' distant. 'I ]»• law the pirattK lirv looki'd il). 1(1 tlicii luuiflit iri'i' ilays niiil 1 m both i-i(l« !!, he render must only hiiiidkd \ that Chinese I. The bathris id one of I he eau war — " It the sergeant ol' ons, plundered ;s on the eoasl, of both 8C.VIS. .'.three wonu n. iig plundering,' in another, \i'. had the ill for- Unian, then an the Marquis of id about twelve ed to the hitler lell the ship in icn well arinc d, 'lied Macao in re and |iroeiir( d followinj; day- ed anchor and pially weather, ould not reneli and the pilot situation," says — iiilfht clo>ini; iiig I'resh, with leaky, witlinnt illinji fast on a and inhabited liole (lays. Air. for n narrow r(e liirge In^als boat, W( iiihdi >Ir. oii our ,keepiii!j their il to cut or Ikiiifj any re- Ind the others [then drapffed one of their Va of joy, and, 1 cruel death." Oiifflish men, the deck. with one ol' I'liiefs vessel. ras seated on I silk, with a thirty years He took nie bn questioned rlio we were, 'oiintry. I Itress, liavine fhis he would |iat he would ' five of ilrii nut us all to (lealli ; and llirn ordered some men to put the inlerpreter to the torture until he confessed the truth. ('■Kin this (x-ea.sioii, a Ladrone, who had Im'Cii once to Ki'ijlaiid and spoke a few words of JOii(;lish, came- to the chief, and told him we were really Kiijrlislmien, and that we had plentv of luoiiey, addinff that the hutlons on my r^i.t were g'M- 'I'he chief then oidercd us some coarse brown riei", of .vhicli we made a tolerable mcnl, liavinj; eat the forces of raou ?" " WouUl you then separate from us?" cried I'aou, more cnrajTcd th'in ever. ()-j)0-tae answered ; " I will not separate myself." I'aon: — " Why then do you not nlu'y the orders of tlie wife of C'hiug-yih and my own ? What is this else than separation, Hint you do not eonio to assist me, when I am surrounded by the enemy ! 1 have sworn it that I will destroy lliee, wic^ked man, that 1 may do away with this soreness on my back." The angry words of I'aou were followed by others, and then by blows. I'aou, thouj^h at the moment far inferior ill force, first bewail the liirjit, and ultimately sustained a sanjjuinary defeat and the loss of sixteen vessels. Our loalliin;r for this cruel, detestable race, must be increa.sed by the tact, that the vietors massacred all the prisoiier.s — or three hundred men. 'I'liis WHS the death blow to the confederacy which had so long defied the ein(K'ror's power, anil whicli might have etiected his detlironement. IKpctae dreading tlie vengeance of Puou and liis mistress, t^hing-yih's widow, whose united forces would have quintupled his own, gained over liis men to liis views, and protfercd u sub- inission to govermnent, on condition of tree pardon, and a pro|>er provision fur all. The goverimiciit that had made so many lamentable displays of its weakness, was glad to make an unreal (larade of its mercy. It was but too happy to grant all^ the conditions instantly, and, in the fulsome language of its historians, " feeling that compoMsion is the way of heaven — that it is the right way to govern by righteous- iiess — it therefore rcdwmed these pirates from destruc- tion, and iKirdoned their former crimes." O-jMi-tae, however, had hardly struck his free Hag, and the pirates were hardly in the power of the (^hiuese, when it was pro|>osed by many that tliey should all bi: treaelierously murdered. The governor hap|M.iied to be more honourable and humane, or probably, only more politic than those who made this foul pro|X)sal — lie knew llial such a bloody breach of faith would for ever prevent the pirates still in arms from voluntarily submitting; he knew e(pially well, even weakened as they were by 0-|K)- lae's deteetinn, that the government could not reduce llicMu by loree, and lie thought by keeping his tiiith with them, he might turn the force of those who had submitted against those who still held out, and so destroy the pirates with the pirates. Coiiseipiently the eight thousand men, it had been proposed to I'lit oH" in cold blo<«l, were allowed to ri'inain uninjured, and their leader, l>-|)o-tae, having chaii^'ed his name to that of lleo Hecii, or " 'I'he Lustre of Instruction," was elevated to the rank of an imiKTiul ollicer. The widow of riiing-yili, and her favourite I'aou, con- tinued fur some months to pillage the coast, and to beat tbi- Chinese and mandarins' troops and ships, and seeineil almost as strong as belore the separation of O-po-tuc's Hng. Hut that example was probably operating in the iiiIimN -|Hj-tae. You should not wait tor wisdom to act wisely; you should make up your mind to submit to the government with all your follow- ers. I will assist you in every resiwct, it would be the means of seimring your own happiness luid the lives of all your adherents." " ('haiig-paou remained like a statue without motion, and Fel-heung Chow went on to say : ' You should think about this atlair in time, and not stay till the last mo- incut. Is it not clear that ().|)o-tae, since you could not agree together, has joined government ? lie iK'ing enraged against you, will tight, united with the forces of tlie govermnent, for your destruction; and wlio could helji you, so that you might overeoine your enemies.' If 0-|K)-tae could before vanquish you quite alone, liow much more can he now when he is united with govcrii- inent ? O-po-tac will tlicn satisfy his hatred against you, and you yourself will soon lie taken either at Wei-chow or at Neuou-cliow, If the merchant vessels of Hwy-chanu, the boats of Kwang-chow, and all the fishing vessels, unite together to surround and attack you in tlie o|H'n sea, you will certainly have enough to do. Hut even supposing they shoulil not attack you, you will soon feel the want of provisions to sustain you and all your fol- lowers. It is always wisdom to provide Ixforc things liap|)oii ; stupidity and folly never think ulmut liiturc events. It is too late to rellect uihui events when things have happened ; you should, therefore, consider this mat- ter in time I" I'aou, iifler iH'ing closeted for some time with his mis- tress, C'hlng-yih's widow, who gave lier high |K'rinlssioii for him to niuke arrangements with Doctor Chow, said he would repair with his fleet to tlie Hocea Tigris, and there eominuiiicute iicrsonally with the organs of govern- ment. .\rter two visits had lieev duiio I coinrnUfs, lei inc hear yours P' The pirates then, struck with the Intrepidity of i||,jr chleftaiiiess, and loving her more than rver, aiisHend " Friend Paou, we have heard thy opinion, but we tliiul- it belter to wait I'or the news here, on the water, than t,, .send the wife of t'lilng.yili alone to be killed." N,,, would they allow her to leave the fleet. .Matters were in this slate ot'indeelsion, when tbelwn inferior inanduriiis who had Is't'ore vlsitid the piruiiF. ventured out to repeat their visit. These otlicers pn,. tested no treachery had been liitcudeil, and plnlfdl themselves, that if the widow of Ching-yih would rrpiiii to the governor, she would be kindly received, and im rv tiling settled to their hearts' satisfaetloii. Witli this, in the language of our old ballads, up>puki -Mistress Clilng. "You say will, gentlemen I and I win go myself to (Canton with some other of our ladies, i;r. compunled by you 1" And accordingly, she and a nnniln r of the pirates' wives with their eliild'ren, went tcarlesi.|i to Canton, arranged every thing, and found they hail ni.i litrn deceived. 'I'he fleet soon followed. ( In its arrival every vessel was supplied with pork and with wine, ami every man (in lieu, il may be supposed, of his share i>i the vessels, and plundered pro|)crly he reslgntd) rceeivul ut the same time a bill for a certain quantity of nioiu y. Those who wished it, could join the military lbr AN.N'F IIONNKV. Two leinale pirates named .Mary Kead and Anne lli>ii ■ley being freipicntly mentioned incldeiitully by hlMi rians, tlie following particulars of them may be uiirlii preserving. The first, Mary Read, was an nllieer's wiilim, who ahsumed the dress of a man, and sliipp<'d as a sailor. but the ves.sel iH'liig captured by the pirates who linilid from the island of I rovidenee, she reiiialned among Ihi in, and was as lawless and savage as any of their niniil'ii On her trial it was declared by her eompaulinis, that in time of action, no person oii board was more resoliili,i>i riady to lHiaril,iir to undertake anything that wuslia/unl oils, than she and Anne Itimiuy ; that on one oieio-imi, will n they were altaeki d iind captured, none kept tin dei'k eveept these two women and a single sailor. 'I'luv called to tho.se below, to eoine up and light like nn ii; hiil linding thev did not obey, .Mary Itiaid fired her ariiis ileuii the hold, killed one of the crew and wounded kimimI others. This charge she denied, tliongh it would stisi she was not dcfieicnt In bravery, liir on one oeeiisinn kIh challenged one of the pirates and liiiighthim on slii.ri' li>i some olVeiiec to her lover. Johnson relutesn curious aneediile of these twofi iiiali i; so ciimpUiely was Mary Kead disgiilseil by hi r dreis, iIniI sailing in eompaiiy wllli .\niie Ikiimcy, the luller mlii iiltv tell in love with her. Mary was tried and found guilty liy llio lOiiglisli coiirli, but died of a fever in prison. Anne Iluimey's historv as reluleil liy Johnson, eiitillii lier toa place liilhc uiinals of the most iiilamoiis olhirn' Shu went to sea with the piratical Captain Jiuekman.iiinl Isire liiiii eiini|Niiiy In imiiiy of his ex|N'dilloiin, no IhhIi on Ismrd Isiiig more eourageims, or ready to hud u hniiil in |H'r|M'tratliig tlie darkest deeds of hloisl. Il ap|H'iiri she was reprieved rroiii time to time atler eonvlclioii, iiiul was not executed, though what iH'caine of her is imi known. S..i.' Al'it si; .MI DUiii: Pnfac The follo' London last IJMiiglilandc ccllenceof th Italian. Wi llir some tiin |i:issioiiate oil praise is due, sonic wholesi marks on re |Kised to cavil this instance, lioiiiiils of dial c'(l( how far h ti) the Knglikli (liusopiie, V' [Kiges, is not al 111 the year Isi nish revohitioi jKililical event^ iiiiiiitli ; and in narrative of a I had lied his owi the coiisequenci siu'cessliil Piedi iiistanee, t.ikcn iiijiirious to his u more congenl iiieled by friend |iali!ie cliaractci tiTiiis a seiroiid lias, we believe, kaa married a llrigliton. The observati nader will oiler (•(mtrast they pr I'viT opinion ma tliliikiiig, il cam lor lii..isell'. Tl rale of all his iinil oiiiissions n nilil a few notes, into error, but It jiiir'^iii il, tliu w Liai;iii<'iited than »arli as the read nil danger of Im' llial in Fiigland rliildreii ever er; lliniw no light oi :>ii iii'-ighl, the I iiiln the Italian. Iii'iliition, to cor: iiriniiiil (d' the N I'liriiiH IIS that liff triiiie of n/figra l'liii,'liNh eipilvale Uiil |iri'vioiisly a< W.IK visited with ui' linve, oil our i liiirie n/rii/ifH'. With these fe ('"lint I'ecehin, il I'l' lii< I'.nglisli re emm3i®» ®E3E(pwm.ii.!^a:,iPr^ ^^"^mjkm-T^ . rcjiidity of il,(it I rver, aiiKwirnl, on, liiit wc tliiiili 111- wutir, than i» be kilUd." Ni,r 1)11, vvlirn till' Uvi. ■ittd the piniliF. K'SC otlM'tTH |ini. c'd, niul |ilri\ lund tlicy liuil ik.i 1. On ila arrival d wilh winr, ainl 1, of his Kliarc v\ resifjntd) rcccivid mntity of mom y. military foriu m' unu pirutrR ; nuil drew in tlu' louii 10 great red «<(un(l ni|ilc of liis rivnl Kovtrnuii'id, ami rr aRKOoiati'8 ami jnii otluri'd tliiiji i- two r«nc(;ad(Ms urced tlie rfdn\ili|. 10 Eastern ocean," H Muni," anolliir , und within a I' n lasps of the oee.in' ineie historian, iii repaeR in trani|uii md trnni|uil on iJu plenty. The cmin e. Men sold lln ir fields; they burnul ' the hills, and n rerus during day le jrovernor of ll,r Ide serviei's in llic liy an edict of tin ifealhers wilh Iw. lllONNF.V. id and Aniie Ili'ii |diiilully hy l.i'l' III may he wnrlii 111 iillieer's widiiH, iliip|x d as a sailor. pirates who hnilcil lined ainnn^; tin iii. of their niiinlH i npanioiis, tliiit in iimre lesuhit* .i-i w tliat wushu/aiil on one oeeiirl of llIT i« lU'l vol.. I. rillLAUKM'IIIA, M AIMII Vi, IKW. .\(>. !>. I' I'kintkh and ProusiiKn iiv AKA.M WALHH".. Nii. (i, Noitrii lliitniii SiUKi.r, l*iui.Mu:MMt(v — At S^ l"<'r W niiinlnTf^, |iay.ilt!i' in Jiil\;nu-i K, Jt *l. H. wool*. riUNTKHM AMI I'm t.imiEltS, New VnilK. i S.il«' Am'iiis iiHtl I'ultlitihiTrt Inr ilir siair nr" Xrw V'tirk niul nil tin- \.'\v Kniilniiil !:mir!«. \ l'lli:o\l\ \. \v'iliH» Ac n> Iti«nK-.i:[.t.ms, I!m.iim.iuk, A'J'MHs r.ir till' >tali> Ml M:irvt:tnil. Viii;iiii:i, iuiii t).ii.., ;iii I rln-niy nl" \ow Orlt'in*. SKMI-SI.UIOUS DIISKKVATIONS np AN, Htnlinn ^jcCU, DUlilMJ HIS nK.sIDENCE IX KNOLAKD. nV COUNT PECCIIIO. Preface to the first American Edition. Tlu' following observations on England, issued in I.iiiidoii 1.1^' January, remarkable for their originality of tli,iii"lit ni'ilcxpresaion, as well as for the acknowledged ex- cellence of tlu'ir portraiture, arc from the pen of u learned Italian. We have not read a more agreeable new btKik lor some time; the ramarks are those of a sensible dis- passionate observer, who is content to eulogise where praise is due, but who nevertheless treats his hosts with Koiiie wholesome easligution. Notwithstanding the re- marks on religious sects, at wliieli a Cvvi may feel dis- iKised to cavil, the aullior has evidently endeavoured in this instance, as in others, to confine himself within the lioiinds of charity and good taste ; our readers must de- c'lli how fur he has succeeded. Tlio " Advertisomciit" to the Englifcli trauslatioii says: — (Jiusepiie, O unt I'ecchio, the author of the following luiti's, is not altogether unknown to the English piildie. In the vear 1623 lie published some lellers on the .Spa- nish revolution; in lM:il, a journal of military and IHilitieal events in Spain during tlio preceding twelve- iiimilli ; and in W'i^ (in the New Monthly Magazine) a nnrralivo of a tour in Cireec'e. A few years lH'l(>re lie had lied his own country — the north of Italy — to esc.npe llio coiiscqueiicos of the share he liiid taken in the mi- successful I'iedinoatesc revolution. He had, in the first instance, taken refuge in England, but the eliiiiate being injurious to his health, he conceived the hope of finding u more congenial residence in Spain, where he was eoii- lieclcdby friendship with soineol lin iii.i.t distinguished pulilie characters ; — his expulsion from that country he terms a second exile. Since his return from (Jreeee he has, we believe, uninterruptedly conlimied in England, \a% married an English lady, and now resides nt Itriglilon. 'riie observationi contained in the voluino licfiirc the render will ollen lie found particularly striking, from the cdiilrasi they present to those of other travellers, Wliat- cuT opinion may lie formed of Count I'eeehio's in(«le of lliiiikiiig, i( cannot at any rate ki dejiied tlmt he thinks r.ir lii,.iscll'. This translation presents a eomplelo dupli- 1 ale of all his statemeiils and opinions ; (hulls, emirs, mill is»ions not excepted. Il was at firi-t intended to mill a few notes, iMiinliiig out where the count hud liillen iiilii error, but it was hihiii found that '\l this plim were wirstied, llie Work would have been, (H-rliaps, more aii({inciiled than improved. Miwt of his miatakes lu-e mill as the reader will, with n smile, correct ; we are in nn danger of Isdieving, on Count IVecliio's authority, llial ill r.iigla'ul 111' 'he hoys can ride, and none of tlie diililrcn ever cry. IJesides, his slips, though they may llirnw no light on English eharuelcr, very ollcn give us ail iii~iglil, the more valuable from being iiiieiiiiseioiis, mill llie Italian. We have however, ventured with some lusila!ion,lo correct n few verbal errors. 'J'lnis, in liis nrenniil of the Nottingham assiies, when lli« count in- I'liriiis us that In' saw n man capitally eonvieled of the iriiiie of nhigrnln, ho adds, in a parenthesis, ns I he lliilllish eipiivalciit, the word /iiirsr i/m/iiig .• us we were iiiil prcvioiislv aware that this crime, however liciiions, was visited wllli a pmiislnneni so severe as thai nfdialli, we liavc, on our own re»|Hm«ibilily, changed Hie term lc> Imrsc tlidlinx- Willi Ihesii few Itilrmlurlnry remarks, wo roininend (Mitiit l^•eclli^, in his English dress, to tlui U'nuvoU'iKC 111' his I'.nglish renders. Nt!W HKHHIS— AUTHOR'S I'KEKACE. " Ah !" re|)lied Saiicho, weeping, " don't die, your iioiioiir, hut follow my advice, luid live iiiany years ; — beeaiise the silliest thing a man can do in this lile is to die wilhoiit any reason, without lieiiig killed by any body, or finished otV by any other hands lliaii iiieluMiholy's." This adviei^ of the fuiihfiil Saiieho I'an/.a always appeared to me the plainest and best of all the recipes pliilosnpliers have prescribed for adversity. I'lilling it then into prac- liec, iiistcid of pouring forth useless laniciilatioiis, ur hanging down my head like a weeping willow, I have aeipiiicd the habit, in travelling, of llinnvitig upon paper the observation that, from time to time, new objecis iuvakcned ill me. In this way I have beguiled a good deal of the leisure of my exih^; and fortimalc I am, if, hy these skclehcs, I can beguile some moments of the leisure of my countrymen. My book cannot enler into eompclition with any other; il is but a miscellany like the utla-imhiilu of the Spaniards, that fiivoiirile dish of my favourite .Siineho Paiiza. Let him who wishes to iHeome aci|uiiiiitcd wilh English politics, read IM. dc I'radt ; him who wishes to know the statistics of England, refer to the work of Itaroii Dupin. Let him who ilcsiics to understand tliu macliinciy of the ndniirablo adminislia- lioii of jiisliee ill England, eonsiill Ihewi.rk of M. Cottit. Let liiiii who wishes to become familiar with lOiigli.sli matiiicrs, read llie elegant descriptions of the AmeriiMii, Wushiiiglon Irving, in his "Skelcliliook." Hut let him who docs not love science and informalioii well ciioiiyli to read tliesc ; who admires iirnfilcs iMlhcr than full h'ligtlis; who reads lor reading sake, and in the way the journals of the fasl'iims and the opera-books are read, skipping, singing, ami yawning — let him, I say, read the Ibllowiiig ohsCi'vations of GIUSEITE I'ECCHIO. ARRIVAL I.V LONDON. flRSr IMI'RESSIO.NS. W'lien, on his first arrival in England, the fiircigncr is senlcd on the roof of a carriage which bears him to- wards London at the rate of eight miles an hour, he eaiinot help believing himself hurried along in the car of I'liito to the descent into the realms of darkness, es- |M"eially if he linve just leH Spain or Italy, the favourite regions of the sun. In the midst of wonder, he can hardly nvoiil, at first setting olV, iH'iiig slriiek wilh an impression id' melnneholy. An eternal ehmd of smoke which involves and pcnelrutes every thing; a fiig which, during the months of Novemlicr and December, now grey, now red, now of n dirly yellow, always obscures, luid sometiiiies completely extinguishes, the light of day, cannot fail to give n higubrions und JJanlcti/ur uir to Uiis inimeaanruble and interminable iMipital. He, uIhivc all, who is just arrived Irom n sunny comilry, cxinri- eiiees, ns 1 said Is'tore, (he same eU'eet as wliuii, (roni the bright light of ikshi, he enters u half-closed chuiii- U'r : nt Hie first ghiiice he sees nolhing, — hut alU rw arils, by littie and little, he discerns tlic harp, the Indy, the sofu, and the oilier agreeable objects in the nparliiiciit. Caraceiido, the nmbiissador to (ieorgc the Tliird, was not in the wrong when hesuid, that the moon of Naples was wnruicr than iJie sun of London. In (lic(, for seve- ral days the sun only up|N• H f';-;^ \} fit- ?v ;'■' i ■*>■ V K '■:'; ' *■ r;^- ''..?; ■r T- h , *.^.,f t ^ r'f' . ff ;•■••;,%' ».■ ;::*• ' i-b VV'Ti V I',":' ' •/ >■•'■£:-■ , '' :-,^^M 1 I p; !1 t'«. ).f ■•::,li V^'^ •, I. a- ISl'' r.»r li:: t:, ''■^■■ J' I 130 THE ITALIA\ EXILG IN EJfGL.VND. the shaking thistles on its baiik~. ('i vpi'i I hi |MX!I1 of " The TusU," sirrns emii|>ltti ly to cnjny hiiiist'It' in dcscriliiiiij II winter's eviniiif,', wlieii the rain rattles down, the wind whistles, and the wa^'oner j;rowls and {trumbles Oil his way; whilst in-doors, the tiro burns, the newspaiier arrives, the exhilarating tea (jlows on tlie tabic, and the f«iiily are all colle(tled ronmi the hearth. Sonic poet, whose name I Ibriret, (1 think it is Dyrort,) even ijives to darkness the epithet " lovely." Thomson, the hard of " 'I'lie Seasons," was a better poet even than usual, when hi; sunfj of winter. He calls the horrors of winter " eonijenial horrors;" and alVer descrihiiifr the inmmtains of snow, that, with the roar of thunder, dart from precipice to precipice, to the bottom of the Grisoii valleys, destroyiiif; and Imryinjj in the depth of iiijjht Bhcpherds and their ilocks, huts and villajres, single tra- vellers and whole troops of marcliiiig soldiers, he ima- gines himself, with epicurean volupliieusnes.s, in a soli- tary and well sheltered country-hnusc, before a blazing; fire, and lighted by splendid chandeliers, reading at iiis ease the tinest works of tlie ancients. " Now, all amid the rigours of the year. In the wild depths of winter, while without The ceaseless winds blow iei-, — be my I'elrcat, Detween the groaning loresl and the shore Heat by the boundless imillitude of waves ; A rural, sheltcrM, solitary scene. Where ruddy fire and beaming tapers join To cheer the gloom. — There studious let me sit, And hold high converse with the inighty dead, Sages of ancient time, as gods revered. As gods beucticciit — who bless'd mankind With arts, with arms, — and humanised a world." Thus all the poets have conspired to make their coi.n- irymen in love with their cloudy licavcns, and imhiee tiiein to believe themselves fortunate liia'. thej- arc horn in a delightful climate. And what matters it that it is not true .' Are not the tricks and illusions of the iniiigi- jiation, pleasures as substantial as actual realities ? .Mor.- te8(|uieu said, " If the Knglish are not tree, at least they believe they are, which is much the same." So we may say, if the Ijiiglish have not a line eliinate, they Inlieve they liavi', and that is as good. I was once praising, to a young English lady, tlic pure, lorty, mo- ther-of-pearl heavens of .'Ntailrid, of Naples, of Athens, of Smyrna. She replied, " I should be tired to death by such a |>criK'tual sunsliiuo : the variety and phiiiilas- inagoria of our clouds must surely be much more beau- tiful." I have quoted AIontes(|uieu : — I must quote liini again, and still on thu subject of the sun. In spite of Ilclvetius and I''ilangieri, who op|)ose his theory of the inlluence of climate, I could almost venturi that if the English aro active in business, pro'bund thinkers, and gixid fathers of lamilics, it is owing to their having so Utile sun. 'I'riic, that with the t'alse light by which they are almost always surrounded, the 'Inglish have not Im'cii able to become eelcbniled painters ; that they lire not, and |M.rhnps never will 1k' so. Hut, in re- compense for this, they can work at the spinning w liei^l and the loom many more hours than the countrymen of Alurillo or Kapliai'l. An English workman, some uars ugo (Ikfore piirliaiiient restriebd the hours of lalsiur to twelve), used to work about sixteen hours a day. tirtes, but the sun. The indolence, the natural lazines.s, of the southern naliuns, (which was tince conquered, and may lie coiiqiieiit! once again, by education and political in- stitutions,) is not a defect tor which they ought to be blamed, any more than their ilniely is a virtue lor which they ought to be praised: I blame or the merit is all the sun's. The Englislmiaic, on the contrary, receives from his climate a multitude of necessities, all so many purs to industry aiul exertion. He has nced'ofmorc substunli;il tiiod, of constant tiring, of cravats, double cra- vats, coats, great coats; tea, brandy, spirits; a larger wardrobe, on account of the increased consumption caused by the smoke and the wet, &c. itc. &e. ('(iiiijoil is in the iiioulh of every Englisl man at ever}' moment; it is the lialfof his life. My own louulryman make every tVort, and w ilh reason, to obl;riii the pleasures of the life to come : the I'liglish, w ilh no less reason, to procure the ple.isures (d' the present, 'i'lie word " comfort" is the source of the riches and I lie power of I'.ngland. Idleness, in Ibis country, neeessaiily bads to suicide, because it is the privation of I'vcry thing. Nature has here, as it were, denied evi'ry thing to man, hut in recompense h;i bestowcil on liiiii the power anil llie perseverance to pro- cure every thing for himself. " Kitlier read, or walk, or play," said a good inollier, in my bearing, to a little girl of nine years old, who happened to be standing idle. What the lady lueabt to imply was, thai any thing was better than doing nothing. In Italy there is a i)rovcrb, that idUncss is the parent of every vice: since vice pro cures us a momentary pleasure, this proverb is adapted rather to induce than to deter. In England the case is altered, aiul idleness might be called the parent of every misery. "Lying a-bed and doing nothing at all," so sweet to fierni, would be frightlid to an lilnglishmaii, who hates laziness as iiiueh as a Spaniard or a lazzaroiie hates work. It is a cominou opini'jn, in England, that there can be no happiness without oeeupation. I know not whclher this opinion is a just one, beeau.--"e happiness depends so iniieh on the imagination. 'I'he I'akcer, who ruts in idleness with a yoke oe his neck (a true picture of the idle and en- slaved niilinns\ oelievcs himself happy, and perlia|is is so. Ilu(, that idleness is the companion of poverty and igno- rance, and that labour, on the contrarv, is the companion of opiileiiee and enlightenment, Spam and England arc two liviii'.r witnesses. That freipient absence of the sun which makes the ar- tisan more laborious, renders man also a more tliinkiog I'liiinal. Who would not become a philoso|)lier, if he was shut up in the house lor so many hours by the inele- ineneies of the weather, with a cheerful lire, (|uiet and obe- dient servants, a good humoured wili', and silence w itbin doors anil without ! The profundily of the I'lnjilish wri- lers is a prodiiel of tlie climate, as much as the iron, the tin, and llie coal of the island. The sun dispersis faini- iind ^ ui!,pluecil ilia lerrestial paradise," He who says Spain, ■itys cNury lliiiig," (says the Mpanisli proveib), lauglis al fashion, at biKiks, at voyages and travels, al liixiirv, al «lr|{tiiev : he in a l)H)|{eiiet in bin tub, who waiitii iiutliuig ' Soup inailn uf wttor, vlntgnr, bresil, unil a nttki Krniwd oiilmi. \Mie eiiiliiw'ed Willi life, like the aiieieni maniiliietures of Viilean. 'I'he families have a form similar lo that of the yovermneiil ; lliey are neilher republics nor absolute mo- iiarebies. There is a /in/i/, but there is notyranl in lliein. I'.very falhir is like the Kiiigof liiiglaiiil,^ — liinileil In his powers by reason, by enstoiii, and by the general iiiten si. The liiiiiilies me not liowiM r patriareliiil ; thai is, ii iiii.\. tiire of several generaliuiis, in wliicli the lii'iid is — "Kinjf, priest, and parent of his gr.iwing state." Hero the licnd U only Ihe falliet. The " h'linchnrn Imp. piness," so well deflued by ( 'ott pi r, is liieompntible w ilh the ili\er-.ily of ages and disposilions. Every niiiniagi The bad with v Our lillle engeanei , iinil the giHid to aiil. rid, the image of the great. Like her amid the lioimdless i Ol' her own growth hiilli all that nature craves. And all I bat 's ran 1 triliiile t'n.iii Ihe wiivis. .\s Eirypl dues not on the clouds rely Dill lo Hie Nile owes more lliiili to tfie sky. Sow hilt our earth and what our hi'aven denies. Our ever coiisliint friend Ihe sea supplies. The taste of hot .Arabia's spice we know, I'ree fniin the seorebing sun lliiil n. likes il grow, Wilhiiiil Ihe worms in P. rsia's silks we shine, .Villi, willioiil pliiiiliiig, drink of every vi To dig 111 iiltb, we weary not our limbs. (•old, Ihoiigh the heaviest metal, liilber swims, Ours Is Ihe harvest where the Indians mow. We plough Ihe deep, iinil reap what others sow. Tilings of Ihe nobli si kind our own soil breeds. form liiinily, and il is \irv riire lo fnid iniiler the same roof llie iinpliieiilde wives mid lliiir mothers in liiw, and the two jilacuUlu husbnndt aud tlivir brothers in law !— Stout are our iiii II, lino war rlike steeds Koine, tlioii^ih lier eiiule lliroiiiih the w orld had llnwii, Could never luiiki this isliind all her own!" LONDON ll()l'SE.><. If the sky is ilarK, iml less gloomy Is the whole finl a|ipeariii ee of Loiiilnii lo liiiii w ho eiilers il by the Oimr riiiid. '1 he smoky I'olour of the houses gives it Ihe apiH'araiieii of a city that leia Ken liiirnl. If tu (hii Ir added tli lation ol persons, tre of t'li the lions of the b( entering soon give English col. II try. blue pill and, iiist malices houses wi the wesle: and more assert till unil laiighi .sliU deli; a whole In venture to \ to make The lioie siK'iit ill a board the great part, i like a eoinj) that they tioii. The that tlicy ar could hear t hour overlie neighbour Ik nnil 1 distil weather, — ii great coml'u conversation the houses a: nil uiiiliirni. rorins, one same situatio lioiLsed in la the slorehou!' not chosen w ii«r»/areliitei in houses of F general, a liou term, il lielon; it is built. It s any great Ion tiiiiilile to piei ciiee. The 1' nrehileet.s, ha\ |s'ry nianner, quenlly the al eipiil are pro|Ki by lliis niethoi over. Every liniises, accord silii's; iind, al W'lHid, all Ihe iiieiiiis of Ihe i value of the h .\ lire is no ii veiiienee to tl|i |mssengir.s, an jiiipers. To a lie lllllsl not Ol pule or /'iM.». til living in a | 'iHisl. Lull |h: lleiiee as soon like llie iHilvni TlIK ITALIAN EXILE IN ENOLAND. 131 •■■II uusts retire, I'veiiiiij; iire : |)iiiii repiiir, :li;ur ; |ilciity crown'il, il lever full, il tiile : is food, 111(1. instead (if u- |iietiiri's,tli( liiili- iilryiiien,tlie lOii;;- Llier ill desciiliin; iiiilics, wliicliioiii- e cliiiiute : — irni, disarm." (1 is Liberty ; this .0 or Peru in com. n, tliey were riii. ly. l",ni;lnnd, leu tertile,and blesstil 1 wrote from Italy, llic most elegant happy land, cful hard ! D9, iny sliorep, rth impart, <8 of art, ■s reigne, iright, leliylil ! adores, lores, lec sought, urly bought! H iidc, or bluuk mountains fO llio xight, ilcliglii ; ope's liito, state; with war, pray'r '." ts — divine, .leeniuo ileavoured to con. nt of a conalaiilly 1(1 these, livin nwell and ('h:iili» IlioBcU uiKiii the f If Ivade |(Mid to aid, treat. lliire eraves, llhc waves. akes il prow, 1 we shine, |iv vine, linilm, Iher swims, liiH mow, others HOW, I soil br( ('(Is, steeds, rid had ilewn. I in (he wliole finl Irs il by Ibe I'"*" | ■uses gives it llif Tut. If 111 llii" I' I added the silence wliich |ii(vails in llie midst of a popu- lation of, iK-rhaps, oui illinii lour hundred tin ,K.r tre ot ,s all in motion (so that one seems to be in a Ihca- t'liinese shades), and the wearisome unifonriily of houses, almost all built in the same style, like a eily the meanest habitations are separated from one aiiother y a bed... boiinda will vail, or a palini;. No eiiijiire can have it? better delined, or can guard its iiide|.eiideiiee the of the beavers, it wi cnterinij bi^ easy to imagine, that on lirsl this darksome liive, the smile of pleased surpri.s soon gives way to u glnoniy w ider. This was the old Kui'lisli style of building, which still prev th( ijitrv- i'ut, sincu the Kiiglish liave substiliited tin blue |i ill for suicide, or, still lietter, a journey to I'aris 1 more jeat Why are not tin" Krglisli good dancers? I'ecause they do not practise that hi Tl le 'louses are so sm:i II ii-Ml SO weaK ^■ho would eul a cajier in the third story must ■iin the risk of thundering like a bonilislicU down into the kitchen, which is placed under ground. 'I'liis is no mere hyperbole of mine. One of the stipulations on lak and instead of Voiing's Night thoiiglits, read the ro. malices ot' Waller Scott, they have cheered up their houses with a coat of white, and have recently rebuill the western part of the capital " west end" in u gay( v ami more varied style of architecture. J do not nu^an to assert that the Kuglish have become a tribe of skippers and laughers, like the young Parisian of eighteen — they still delight in ghosts, witches, haunted cliurcli-yards,aii(l a whole host of monstrosities. Wo bo to him who should venture t" write a romance without some apparition litted to make " each particular hair stand on emll" The houses are small and fragile. Tlie first night 1 spent in a lodging-house, I seemed to iiiysidf still on board the vessel ; the walls were c(]ually slender, and, in great part, of wood, the chambers small, and the staircase like a companion ladder ; the walls are generally so thin, thai they allow the passage of sounds without interrup- tion. Tlio lodgers would hear one another talking, but that they arc accustomed to speak in an under tone. I could hear the murmur of the conversation of my neigh- bour overhead, — my zenith, as well as that of the other neighbour lieneath my feet, like the opposite \mml nadir; and 1 distinguished, at intervals, the words, " Very fuu we.ithcr, — indeed — very line — eomlbrt — conilortahle — great comfort" — words which occur as ollen in tlieii conversation as stops and commas in a book. In a word, the houses arc venlriloijuous. As I said before, Ihey are all uniforni. In a three-story house, there are three hed- rnfius, one over the other, and three parlours in the same situation, so that the (Kiptilatiou is as it were ware- hniised in layers like mercliamlisc — like the cheese in the storehouses at Iiodi and (Vxlogno, The Knglish liav nut chosen without design this (I will venti.re to call it) twra/architeeture. The advantages they derive iVoiii living in llou.s(^s of small size ami little durability are these ; in gincral, a house is only built for '.111 years; if it outlive this term, il l)elongs to the proprietor ol the ground on which it Is built. It seldom happens, therefore, that they attain to any great longevity | on the contrary, they soiuetimes tiindile to pieces before the natural |K.riod of their exist- ence. The Knglish, who are better aritlmietieians than architects, have discovered, that, by buihiing in this sli|p- |K'ry manner, they consume less capital, and that eonse- (|iicnlly the annual interest and the annual loss of priii- eipal are pro|Kirtionalely less. There is another advantage: by Ibis method, posterity is not hampered or lyraiiiiised over. Kvery generation can choose and build its own hiiiises, according to its own caprices, niid its own iieees- silii.s; and, allliough in a great meiisuro composed ol wiioil, all Ibe houses are as it were uicomhiistible, by means of the insurance ccinpanies, which guarantee the valiu' of the house, the t'liriiitiire, and every lliing else. A lire is no inisfmiune, but merely a temp(U'ary meon- vmicnei! to the iumales; a sumelhing lo look at for the pa-si iigi rs, and an entertaining paragraph for Ibe iiews- {ii|H'rs. To an I'.iiglishman, his house is his (iibraltar; III' iiiiisl not (Uily be inviolalile, but absolute, without (lis piile nr funs. lie prell rs living ill a shell like an oyster III living in a palace willi all the annoyance of a heii- riMiKl, I>i(l( jiendence is the vital air (d'Ihe Knglisliman. Ilinee as soon as a sou is married, he leaves home, and like llie |Hilypi, which when cut in pieces make so many piilypi mure, goes lo rrnlrc dsewhire aiiolher fimily. .Naiiiiriais and paliiaichal lamilies Ix long to agricultural ciiiniiiimities. .Viiiong eomiiK r( ial nations, which have firlories and colonies in all parts of ihe glols', when Ibe mai has received a suitiible eilneation, he aliandons llie parciibil IK si, and liku tliu birds, guci cUowliere to build (Hie fur himself " Hail, iiiileiH'ndenee, hnill heaven's ne\l Ik'sI gill To thai ol life and an itiimorlal soul ; The life (if life, that lo the Imnipiit high And solsr iiii iil (.'ives lasle, lo the howM roof h'air druani'd re|Kise, and lit the (dllage ('harms:" The loveof iiid(|Hii(leiiee, that " life of lill," as Tlioni. •nn lulls il ill his |HH'iii (III tiilHTly, iiiiinilisls itself even in the ehnrehes, where i very Knglish family has a seal iif il« own, surrounded liy n fence. Whoever travels in Kiijliiiid will observe, how, even in the smallest vill ig(^, ing a house In riondon, is ollen that no dancin shall a siiitrle pull at the bell, which conmimiicati s with Iho iindcrgriiinid kilclieii, where ihe serv.'inls an . 'I'hi re is :iiiollu'r conventual sii.rii for visils vhiel 1 consists 111 11 rapid succession of knocks, the luori.' loud and noisy ae- (••ording to the real or assumed ('oiise(]ueii('e »r fashion ot till On this svsleni, akes his la in public in a high and discordant voice, that every oiu^ may hear him, and pay the same respect to his acci nl.s to III! rif " the at Ihunilc veil 111 lioiKlon Ihemagnanimoiis heroes of fashion aimennce Iheiii.selves lo the obtii uses of till le vnlgiir Willi "celioiiig ehi bio lake place in il. Why is il that Ihe Knglish geslienlale so lillle, and have their arms almost always ghied to their sides.' Kor the s:i me reason, I believe; the rcxims are so small that it is iiiipossibh' to wave one's arm wilh- out breaking somelhing, or ineonvenieneing son.ehody. Some people are (piile thuiiderslnieU at the silence which prevails among Ihe iiilialiltanis of London, lint how could one niillion four liimdred tliousanil persons livetoijfelher without silence ! The torrent of men, women, and ehililreii, c.irts, carriaL'es, and horses, from the Siraiid to the I'l.vcliange, is so slmng, that it is said that in win- ter there are two degrees of Kahrenheit dilferenee be- tween the ntninsphcre of this long line of sireel, and that of till' West Knd. I have not as( ertaiiied the trnlli of this; but from the many avenues there are In Ihe Strand, it is very likely lo Ik' eorreel. Kroni Charing Cross to the Royal K.xchauge is iiu encyclopiedia of the world. An apparent anarchy prevails, but without confusion or disorder. The rules which Ihe pod (iay lays down ill his "Trivia, or the Art of Walking' the Streets of London," for walking with safety along this tract of about three miles, appear to me mmeeessary. The habit of travers- ing this whirlpool renders the [lassiige easy lo every one, without disputes, without aeeideiils, without pimeiilio, as if there weriMio obstacle whatevir. I sn|i|Kjse il is llie same thiiiji at I'ekiii. The silence then of the pass('in;( rs is the coiiseipicnce of the iniiltiplieitv of business. J do not say il by way of epigram, but, if Naples should ever have a populalioii of a million and a half, it would he ne- cessary liir even .Neapolilan wiiu!pi|HS to put tlieniselves under some restraint 1 It is only in Spain that silence is till! companion of idleness. 'I'his is perhaps the iKrleelion (d' idleness; idleness al its iie /iliix iillni. In London I have oOeii ri.seii early, in order to lie pre- sent at the speetaele of the resurrection of a million and a half of people. This great nioiisler of a capital, like an inimense giant awaking, shows the lirsl sii;iis of life in the extremities. -Molion begins at the ciremnference, and, by little and litth', goes on gelling strength, and pushing towards the centre, lill at tdi o'clock coiiiiiK iiics the till! hubhiib, which goes on continually increasing lill liiiir o'clock, the 'Change hour. It seeiiis as if the popu- lation followed the laws of the tide iiiilil this hour ; il now contimies llowing fnuii the eirciimferenre to Ihe Kxehange: at half past four, when Ihe Kxehauge is sinil, Ihe ebb begins ; and eiirreiils of |ieople, eoaehes, and horses, rush from the Kxehange to the eirciimfereiiee. Among an industrious nation, incessanlly occupied, panting lor riches, man, or physical lliree, is a valu.ihlc eonunodily. Man is dear, and it is therefore ex|K'(henl lo be very eeonomieal of hiiii. It is not as in the eonii Iries of mdoleiice, where Ihe man and the earlli aliki have little or no value. \ 'I'nrkish ell'endi, or g( n- llemaii, always walks alioiil with a train of iisi less ser- vants at III. heels, in the same manner a I'nlish iiohle- iniiii, or a grandee of Spain, coiismm s a great ipiaiilily of men, who are olhcrwise unproductive. I was told, that the Duke of .Mciliiii < 'eli has in his pay liiiir hundrtil seivaiils, and Ihal he goes to the I'rado in a carriage woise than u i'arisian imliirlie. It was llii' same in Kii^laiid when there was a liircign eommeree, and no home nnnnfaeliiri's. Not knowing in what way lo eon. Slime tin ir surplus revenues, Ihe old Kii:,r|ish land owner ((.-.id to mainlain a Imndrid, and, in sdiiie ea.ses, ( veil a Ihousami followers. .M Ihe presciil day, the greatest lious(s have mil more lliaii ten or twelve servants; and, selling aside llie weallhy, who are always iin e.xeeplion in every nation, ami takinir the greatest imnilH r, it can. iiiil Ih' (hnied Ihal in Knglaiid, and especially in London, there i- a V( ry great saving, belli of lime and of servanl'.. lint how I 111 this be ncom iled with the linidlv vaunted eoinforl III Ibe I'liglish ? Tims : llie milk, llie iiri ad, llie hiilli r, lill Uir, the fish, the meal, Ihe newspapei, IIh li Hers,— ill are brolighl lo the house en ry day, iil tin s.inie hour, wilhoiil fail, by the sliopkee|s'rs and the jioslini II. Il is well known Ihal all Ihe slreet-doiUH are kepi sliiil, as is Ihe eiislom ill Florence and II -illii r i illes of Tiisdiny. Ill order thai the iieighlHiiirlKsxl should iml he dislmbed, il has Is'come an iimlerslood lliing for lliese messengers lo give a Kingle rap on the knocKir, or like those of the hammer of Hre.ute. This ciislnm reipiires pnni lualily in servanls, and an unfailing allcndauee al their posls. The price of (\ery thing is lixed, so that there is no room for haggling, dis- piile, or gossip. All this going and coniiiig of buyers and seWers is noiseless. Many bakers ride about Lon- don in vehieh's so rapid, elaslie, and eh'gani, that an Italian dandy would not disdain to appear in one of tin in at the f'orso. The biilehers may be freipieiilly nut with, eonveyiiig the meat lo Iheir dislant euslomers, moimli il on fiery steeds, and dashing aloii!.' at full gallop. .\ sys- leiii like lliis reipiires inviolable order, and a sernpuluiis ilivisimi of lime. I'or this reason lliere are clocks and wiilches every where, — on every steeple, and somi limes on all the tour sides of a stei pie ; in the pocket of every one; in the kitchen of the lowest jniirneymiin. This is a nation working lo the stroke of the clock, like on orchestra playing to the "time" of the leader, or a regi- imnt marching to the sound of Ihe drum. Nothing can lie niori" iugenieiis than Ihe various ways in which tho Knglish contrive to mark the division of lime. In sonio machines, for example, at every eerlaiii number of slrokes, Ihe m,".eliine rings n hell lo inform the workmen of the fiel. 'J'lie tread-mill, iiitrodneed for a puiiislunent and an employment in the liousis of eorreeliim, also rings a hill (Very lime il makes a certain iiuml'er of revolutions. In the wool-carding inanufielnry al Manchester there is a species of dock lo aseerlaiii if the watehiiK 11, whose (Inly il is lo guard against lire, has Kept awake all the uiglil. If, (Very (piarler of all hour, he oniils to pull a ro|)e which hangs from the wall niilside, the dock within notes down and reveals his m gligcn(X' in the moniing. One shopman, therefore, in London, supplies the plarc of tiirty or filly servanls: the shops m:iy he dislant, and reiiioli'ly siliialed, wilhonl any iiieonvenienee. The shopkeepers ihemselves do not remain idle, and, instead of men, in some places lads or diildreii are cniployed. The newspapers are circulated from house to house at a p.'iiny an hour; the carrier is a boy often or twelve years old, active ns a sprite, exact os lime, who brings tluni and takes them away. Hy this system, Ihe servanls remain nl home, with nothing to divert tlieiii frimi tliiir oeciipalions. TIk! servanl maids, cs|H'eially, very seldom go oiil duiiiig all llie week, lllilii Ihe arrival of Sunday sits lliem ' ' liberty liir three or lour hours. Il follows, uN". •' ; „,, Kinjlisli family has no need of keeping any great store of pro. visions ill the house; there is in eunseipience less oeeii. palioii of room, and les.i occasion for capital, less care, h'ss waste, less Bmell, and less w( ar and 1( ar. TKA (JAKUKNS. How to get Ihriaigh the siipriinily dull and wearisomn Kiiulish Sunday is always a pny/ling problem. Thin (iiimtry, all alive, nil in inolion, on oilier days, is, ns it were, struck w illi a lit of n|Hipl('xy on the Sunday. In general, the limigncr, to make his ese:i|ie from llie "solemn sadness," climbs nt ten in Ihe morning upon one of llie nnfailiiig liuir-liorse stages, at Clinring Cross or ricciidilly, and contrives, at any rale, to gel himself whin (I away from Londiin. lie goes lo liiehmoml, takes a ipilet siroll in the Ix aiilifiil park, adinii'is the lorliious Ik ml of Ihe Thames, — wind, w ill appear lo him a muddy or a giddeii stream, as he is in a piulie or pro. sale liumiitir, — and iiays al an enoimons rale liir a diiim r, seasoned willi Ihe lormiil hows of strvaiils in silk ►lock, mgs, who are dri'ssi d in black from loe lo Iik', like an advocate of Turin. Or he goes to Crunwidi lo admire inolhcr beanllful park, the lainons ohservalory, and Ihe iiiaunilleenl hnspilal for invalid scaim li ; null liiki s his dinner in siglil of Ihe many vi ssi Is nailing past on llii ir return from China or Ihi^ Indies. Or, if he wishis for a more eeonomieal (>\('iirsioii, he giK'S lo gii|K' on Ihe loM'ly lull of llampslead, i (impiiKsionating Linidon, eu. vdoped ill iin (loud (d' sniok<', and eongraliilaling lilm- s( If on hiiNiiii; made his escape from 11. .Ml lliese are goixl pi'es( rvalives against Ihe/iirrof Sunday, hut il is mil iiuiny of llioc lienulifnl, liul, imtwlthstaiidiiig, mdun , ' ,' i . ■ < '< >!!: ' . I, 1^,1 '/ ''il "M -■'^] il ,'.i^'^; 132 TJIE ITALIAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. If y clioly plao^f, nor yd at I lie brilliunt — iiiid serious — pro. iiiciiado ill lJy tor -veil per- suaded, his reelusu oiiil sedentary lilb must do to tht. manufacliirer. Home(iftlieso,for instance, Mr. Ilroughain mid Mr, llimie, have encouraged Ihu ostablishment of seliooN for gymnastics, where, in the hours of rest, the workmen may exercise their limbs in strengthening nnd diverting siHirls. Tho most persevering of Ihoni all, Mr. Owen.ulier having introduced even dancing into his slupi'iidiiiis inanuihrlory of New Lanark, Iwtween Kdlnliurgh and I ilusgow, invented a now pliiii of lalxiur, consisting of iicriiiinliiin alternately in ngrioiiltiire and inanuliieiures, and went to America to try the ex|ieri- innnt. The classes of workmen lire mnr« or leit ill. Imikliig orcordiiij^ to the eliaraelcr ofthoir trndoij the population of nirniingham and Sheffield, employed prin. eipiilly in forges and iron works, present a much fiiiav and stronger appearance than that of Manchester and Glasgow, which is almost entiicly imprisoned in cotton lactories. When 1 made some of these remarks at Liverpool, lo ono of the many intelligent and wcll-inlbrmed me- chanics of that city, ho informed me that in the last war with France, the regiments recruited from that most industrious county — Iiancasliire, — were disiiu. guished above tho rest for their bravery. This mny very well be, since it is not tho practice in the present day to fight liiind to hand. There is no reason to be- lieve that artiiicers make bad soldiers, as the Romans believed them, nnd as tho Florentines of the middle agca proved themselves. In I'ersia, where the strength of an army still lies in the cavalry, a service which rcquircn strength nnd peculiar dexterity, tho inhabitants of tho manufacturing cities do not turn out to bo good soldiers, But tho war of modern limes, in Europe, depends on bravery and discipline ; the English armies, who are in these respects exemplary, are, for a good third part, composed of artificers. The division of labour, so essential to the rapidity and the perfection of manufactures, and so much in use in England, is injurious to the development of tlie mental faculties of tlic artizAn, or even, perhaps, is fatal to it. Witli what ideas can his mind be enriched by that shut. tic, that wheel, or that spindle, which moves incessantly and unvaryingly before his eyes twelve hours in the dajl " The result," s.iys M. Say, " is a degeneracy in man, considered as an individual. It is a sud account to givo of one's self, — that one has never made any thing but tlic eighteenth part of a pin!" If the workmen did not enjoy the incalculable advantage of his comi>anions' foeiety, which in his hours of rest awakes him, electrifies him, and invigorates all his faculties, and had not always Ik- fore him the endless [lunoratnas which arc constantly presented from his living in a city, ho would become, at the end of a few years, a [terfect automaton. In fact, in- stead of saying that a master manufiicaurcr employs surli a number uf workmen, it is conmionly said, thot he em. ploys such a nunil)er of hands, as if the journeymen had really no heads. Tho Uroughamt, the Humes, the Bur. detts, tlie Aliens, — the protectors and iirolceted of there classes, — were well aware of this evil, nnd set thcnirclves zealously to work to discover the remedy. They hit Ujion the idea of establishing libraries for mechanics in every city in the; kingdom. These are only open for two houri in tlio evening; they contain histories, voyages, and tra- vels, models of machines. Sec, The subscription for a quarter is only cighteen-iHsnce English. Not content with these, they founded in the most |Mipulou8 cities, professorships of mechanics and of chemistry applied tn tho arts. In London, more than l.'iOl) operatives coiitri. bute each a guinea n-year for admission : this year > working shoemaker gained a prize of ten guineas for an essay on geometry. Some months ago a society was formed " for tho dilT\isinn of useful knowledge," wliioli publislics and distributes every month a great number of elementary treatises on nil the branches of the great tn-o of liuiiian knowledge. The Sunday |)apcrs, and the frc qiient public meethigs which the mechanics attend, and wlierr a reduction nf the duly, at least on those weekly pujiers which arc chiefly intend, ed for the working classes. Mr. nroughnni, who is iini- bitii us ol making that po|iiilnr instruction ho has wi wonderfully promiited a durable monument to his nnnir, with llin nceustomed elis|uenee, sciraiiled the pro|KiKal. The inllueiice that the press must exercise in a stiilo where it is free, must (I would rr|Mat if a thousand limes) 1m> incnieulnble. I will venture to say, that its iii- lllienee must Is' greater than tlint of religion itself! It ii friiin these fountains that pulilln opinion springs forth; and this is alone Hiitlieleiit lo eorrer't nil the errors nl" legislation, and restrain n!l the nbuses of (Niwer. It is a real panacrn. 'Mie iiews|in|iers are the "daily bread" of moriiiug nnd evening to eveiy Englishman, Ho greed) is the public for its IiiihI, that the ifVmx, not nmtiiil witn •printing eleven hundred rniiies nn hour, has improvnl till ir steam-pri MS to such a (lejree, that now it prints no Ivs^ than fc luiiiute, — bi Ortes, ou elated |)oliti riches only t hands of a fi in the same am describir this idea. crowds of cl with boots watches in necks, — lodg feather licds bread and bi they in so go land was nei' 'I'he old men ancient hous lile testiiuoiii furniture, elo 'J'lie reason c luercc is in idways iiicrc wurkmen, tin It is now a di men are not c but also to till of labour. B labour having cuiisuincd onl have cume to a iiieclnmie, a class would hi cost Mcar so n It is nevert engines has ■ workmen this with them us tress which ha These vast ma Jiims of nieclia \Vhile tho othe pciitcrs, dyers, shillings a wc working twelvi eijj'lilceii, even aie not only pli workmen, but ii iiig laid in Ji Manchester, to ing their eoiidit the early daysol paiil, and quite years, the masti iiail heaped up : while the jouri anil liiwer in tli diiMinislied, and scriliiiig the mi) ntmiisplierc, oiu tnbjiet, he exclii sipi.iliil cmmteni at myself, not l\ than the imui ' Sec to what a wi age nf six, niosi dii>;, ill a sulToei till' extremes of tiir our weary lii and at thirty, wi cliihircii are sti ilclici', siistainei SCMIC of us, to til hniiil, at the con passers by !" This laiuentnl 11','^M r.iliiin, as in I'iciil and iiiiidcri \iry centre of a niy iiiiiid the nnl cliii", ciiiiiplainei riin(|iuTcil by thi Id wlarciii to lay ||: lk!>' THE ITALIAN £XILE IN ENGL.VND. 133 I, . "■I , niploycd prin. a much line; iiiichcstor and onud in cotton t Liverpool, to intbimed niD- lut in the last ted from timt —were distill- •y. This mny in the present ) rcaHon to be- s the Uoniani he middle ages ) strength of an which require* aliitnnts of ihu e good RoUliers. |)C, depends on lies, who are in ood third pnrl, llic rapidity and nuch in ii£c in It of tlie mental s, is fatal to it. cd by that shut- oves incessantly lours in Uie day I ncracy in man, account to givo ny thing but tlic en did not ciijcy [Mnions' foritty, I electrifies him, I not always Iks 1 arc constantly •ould become, at ton. In fact, in- rcr employs sudi said, thot he cm- journeymen had Humes, the Bur- rolectod of tlioBc |id setthcniFcIvea They hit u|H)n Jinnies in every len for two houri lyuges, and tra- ibscription for a Not content (Mipulous citic!, nistry applied In HM'ratives coiitri- II : this year a guineas for an _ a society wns iwledge," wliirli great number of of the great triHi lers, and tlie fro. nicH attend, and ss the multitudo imulus to tlii'ir immons, on the stump-duty on 111 the I'liitol more than lioll' spajM-rB ; wliiln 'lit of the taxcK, otiee, after llii'sc ion of the duly, chiefly intend- mm, who is nni- tiiiii he has wi ■nt to his nnnio, the pro|Hmi>l. reise in a slnlc it a thoiiHnnd say, that it" in- inii itself! It i« springs forth: II the errors nl' (Miwer. Il i» daily bread" nl" lan. So greedy lot conliitit will) has improvnl low it prints no ion : •d lesa than four thousand copies on liour, — seventy in u minute,— but that on one side only. Ortes, our too highly praised and too much depre- ciated iwlitical ecoiioinist, maintains that coininerce en- riches only tlie upiK'r classes, accumulating wealth in the liiuidsof a few, and leaving the mass of labourers always ill the same state of misery. The tea gardens which I am describing are in themselves a complete refutation of lliis idea. The visiter observes with amazement the ,| crowds of clean shaved artisans, dressed in good elotlies, I witli boots on their feet, linen sliirtt on their backs, S walclics in their jiocketM, silk kerchiefs round their •fi necks, lodging in comfortable houses, sleeping in clean % feather beds, taking tea twice a day, and eating whcatcn -* bread and butcher's moat every day in the year. Were ■i tiiey in so good a condition when the commerce of Eng- ji land was neither so flourishing nor so extensive as now I M The old men of the country, the current traditions, the I ancient houses still standing, and many other irrcfraga- 1 ble testimonies, prove to the contrary, — that houses, beds, A funiiliirc, clotliing, food, every tiling, were mucli inferior. f Tlie reason of this dilTerciicc is manifest. When coni- i mcrcu is in a pro8|)erous state, the demand for goods ^ iUwavs increasing, and consequently favourable to the t workiiien, they can keep up the price of their handicraft. 'ij It is iiow a demonstrated truth, that the wages of work- 4 men arc not only in pro|)ortion to the price of provisions, ' but also to the relation between the supply and demand i of labour. Iksides tliis, machinery and the division of ? labour iiaviiig reduced the price of many articles liitlierto cuiiKUined only by the liigher and middle classes, they have eoiiie to be in general use ; tlie present wardrobe of a iiiecli.uiifN altlioiigli better than that which one of his class would liiive had si.xty years ago, docs not perhaps cost near so iiiiieh. ]t is nevertheless true, that tho introduction of steam engines lias already taken away Ironi some kinds of workmen this advantage as consumers, by coni|ieting with tliein as producers, and reducing Uicni to that dis- tress wliicli has been ex|H;rienced for some years past. 'I'licse vast machiiies, which do tlio work of several iiiil- !iiiiis of iiieehunics, aru so niiuiy gigantic rivals of men. While tho other classes oi artisans, such as sinitlis, car- pciilera, dyer.s glaziers, &,c., cam from thirty to si.xty sliiliiiigf a week, or more, the weavers and spinners, ' working twelve hours a day, can hardly obtain fifteen or ei;,'liteeii, even nt the time that trade is briskest. 'I'licy ^. aie not only physically inferior to llie former closses of workmen, but are also most unhap; y iHungs. At a meet- ing laid in January, liii5, by tliu cotton-spinners of Maiiehesler, to deliberate on tlie best iiietliud of improv- ing llieir condition, one of tliem rose to observe, tliat in ihee.irly days of cotton spinning the workmen were well paid, and ipiite at lilxrty ; but tJiut during Uic last fifteen years, tlie masters, by the introduclion ot steam-engines, had liea|H'd up riches, and increased their own comforts, while the journeymen hud gradually descended lower anil lower in tlie scale of society ; their wages hud been dhiiinished, and their labour increased. Then, after de- Kcriliiiig the miserable life tlicy lead in a hot sulfocating aliiiiis|iliere, and the various maladies to which they arc t^iiliiiet, he exclaimed, " Look around and Udiold these Ki|iiallil eounteiiuiices, and these emaciated bodies! Iiook at inysilf, not twinty-fivc years of age, yet already older lliaii the inaji who stands ut my side, — a sailor of fifty. See Id what a wretched lot we are condemned. From the age of six, most of us are buried in a cloud of cotton i\\h'., in a siilTiieatiiig and unwholesome air; exisised tc till' ixlrriiies of heal and cold, denied the ini'illul repose liir our weary limbs, opiiresseil with intolerable faligue, iinil lit thirty, we enter npim a miserablo old age ; — our rhililren are stinted in their growth, and our iiidepeii (Iciiie, siintaiiied by untiring indiislry, is redueeil, in miine of u", I" the sad iieeessily of asking chnrity, eap in hand, ut the corners of the stieets, of thu jsiorcbt of the p:issi'rs by !" Tills lamentable pietiire, in which there Is nineli ex- n'j'ji I itiiiii, n." In uli the hiirangiies of deiiiag>>giii">, an- ell III and iiiiKlem, — over nrtisaiis dying of liniigi i in the vni;lil to iMv iiiinil llie iinkiMl Uiiiiiiins, who by the minilli of (irae- iliii-', I'liiiipl.iiiied that aller so many pro\iiiee» had been riiiii|iiere(l by llii' repulihe, they had nut a simn of ciirtli wlicri'ln to lay their bones. "And yr, O Rnninns! Ye wlin, willi steel eneiniiber'd, to grim death Yimr lin s expose eaeli day liir eoimlry-s.ike, — Ye iiiiii-lers of the world, — who of the world I'liwi'n bill thai whieli cn'nl hi^ ta'en aw.iy, Th( air and liyht of hvav'n— roaming the fields. Till iron-hearted hunger pulls ye down — Ye have, to hear yc fitting company. Your wretched wives, and naked, famish'd oflsjiring, Crying for bread!" Monti, Caiug Gracchus, Act 3. It would seem that empires arc like men, who resem- ble each other in their virtues and their faults. Some Knglisli political economists, who [lay attention more to the wealth than the happiness of a country, ob- serve, in reply to these coinpluints, that if it be true that these classes do not live comfortably, it is quite ns true that without steam-engines they could not live nt all. It is certain that Arkwright, by tho invci.'ion of cotton- spinning machinery in 1705, and Watt, by tho applica- tion of steam to it in 177!), gave their country a decisive superiority over the industry of other nations, although at the same time they deteriorated the condition of jier- liaps a million of mechanics, and gave rise to a production much greater than the demand : without these two won- derful discoveries, England would most likely have lost her sujieriority in manufactures, on account of the liigh rate of wages, which is partly an ctTect of the high price of food. If, tlien, some workmen, as I have already observed, injure their hcaltli in the spinning factories, there are many more who destroy themselves from an immoderate desire for gin, which induces them to labour harder than a due regard to their healtli would allow. Adam Smith, in his great work, observed, tliat, where prices are high, workmen arc always found more diligent, active, and ex- |K'rt, tlian where they are low ; in the neighbourhood of great cities, 'or instance, more than in remote parts of the country. !some men, indeed, when they can cum in four days enough to maintain themselves all the week, choose to remain idle on the other three. This, however, does not happen with the largest jiortion. On the contrary, the i.ulustrious, when they are liberally paid, in ready money, arc generally disjiosed to labour excessively, and so im dermine their health, and ruin their cc nstitution in a few years. "Jt is calculated," says Smith, "that a London carpenter does not continue in his full vigour more than eight years." It is nearly the same with some other trades, in which it is the custom to pay the workman as soon as his work is finished, and even with farm labour, when tho wages are higher than usual. I have endea- voured to procure, but could not succeed, the book wliieh the Italian physieian Kamuzzini wrote, in the last cen- tury, espeeially on the |iecullar diseases produced by excessive application to one particular species of labour. 6A1L0KS. Whoever wishes to acquire a knowledge of nnotlier class of Englishmen, not less Interesting than the ine- chiuiics, must descend into one of those narrow by-streets near London Dridgc, which lead to the 'I'hames. The sailors, tliose sons of the ocean, are like the ain|ihibious animals, which, even when on land, always keep close to the water. One doy 1 took it into my head to walk into una of tlie numerous public Iioukcs which stand in these alleys, to eeo what inetaniorphnses those silent and se rious iK'ings undergo on land, in whose company I hail, at various times, s|H'nt eight months on shipboard. How changed did 1 find friend Jack from what 1 had seen him at sea! No longer serinns, no longer (|uiet, no longer silent ; but joyous, noisy, and singing : the room on the grimnd floor, into whieh I eiitereil, was involved in n thick cloud of tolmeeii smoke, whieh almost hindered me, at first, troni dibliiignisliiiM; the ihumiilia /icisoim'. I had not yet taken my seat, wlieii one of them, with a gall any thing but steady, and reeling lilui a shl|i in a storm, with a fuecMlie colour of iiinhogiiny, from (he elliet of the tiibneeo iiiid liquors, oll'ered me some of his " gi'ogi" that is, brandy mixed with water without sugar, — wlileh Is the iieetar of tliiw heroes of the deep. 1 nceepled II withniil hesltiitliui, Imt the pivvter pot, t'roni wlileli my generous fiieiid had Ihiii drinking, was eiii|ity, and the poor li llow had nut perceived it. It hiid, in riiii, in eum- plrtelv slip|Mil Ills iiiriiiiirv, that he had alreaily tossed oti'.ili this nmbriisin, that lie iiiaili usiiiillar olVer toevi ry body that eaiiie in. lie did not on that uieount lose his credit with nil , because 1 know that .allors, who an hearts of oak when they are at sea, ure hi arts of butter when at a tavern, ami geneniiiB as (Vsar hiniBell'. Tin cheeks of the ICnglish snilnr are not those sh'ek am! florid elieeks wlileh the elliiiiite nalnrally produees, tun are lliey of a till and bulky make, like f'lriiiers of Ilic Island. Tlieli faces are broii/.id, or, to express it better with one nl those eiiviabln English epithets eompored of two wordj btttceJ together, they ere \o(.alhtt'btattn. They are in general of the middle height, but large, across the shoulders; their limbs clean made and sinewy, and all their moveinents free and uiieonstrained. When they are walking, you observe in them a confidence in their own strenglli, and the audacity of a health proof against every thing. They traverse the streets with uii ndifVereiice which is natural to them, as if cities were not made for them, or ns ii' they were people who had seen things more wonderful than a city. Tin ir largo Irowsers, their ojicn jacket and shirt collar, their round hat, or plaid bonnet, all their e, by Viseo de t^amn, (alleil for the I.iisiud of i'aiiiuciM! Afr. Ko>{ers, n living l;n;jli«li |HK't, liuo writ- ten a poem of several cantos on the voyage of Columbus; but partial as 1 am lo Kuglish poetry, and highly as 1 esteem the poetical talents of that author, the diglit of his muse appears to nio beneath the lotUness, variety, and (hgnity of the subject. The poet who would singlhc praises ol" — " The naked pilot, promiscr of thrones," should have his imaginntinn tilled and fired with the martial and romantic cxjiloits of the (ienoese, from the time of the Romans to (he present, perhaps the only peo- ple whose inborn and indoinitahle courage has not become (U'generate. lie should roam through those villages of the Riviera di Ponciite which lie on the shores of the Mediterranean ; should study the ardent and enduring character ot the countrymen of Columbus, at once citi- zens of the world and adorers of their native land; should admire (he sobriety of their lives, the tranquil resignation with which (hey support tlieir extreme |)overty, and the modesty of their maimers; should observe their acti.e, full nerved, vigorous limbs, their darhig and vivacious eyes, which express their readiness to take to the sea, whatever the weather, without asking to what part of the world they "fi^ to go ; a daring which appears llie more striking from their haughty and spirited glance, the red bonnet hanging over one oar, and their half naked, brawny, leather coloured limbs. The poet will perceive tlmt the religious spirit of I'olumbus is a feeling common to his cmmtrymen; they tear iiono but Ciod;lmt their religious sentiments are perhaps pushed a little tar, so that these new argonauts are like their fabled prototypes bold indeed, but over su|icrstitious. The sailors of the Knglish men of war are as war- riors more glorious, but as inarinera less interesting than those of the merchant service. A vessel of war is always exposed to les.^ danger of shipwreck than a incr- chanlman, from the strength of its build, the abun- dance of its stores, nnd Ihe greater number of hands to man the sails. It makes fewer voyages, and sees fewer countries, because in time of peace it is often in port, and in time of war it is often for several years on a cruise, continually ploughing the self-same pace of sen before the blockaded port of nn enemy. Finally, on board of these vessels there is a sort of division of labour; the duty of every one is chalked out for him, or at Icust it is only seldom and by turns that the seamen are employed in ditlerent maniriivres. When the day of battle arrives, although to the Kuglish sailor it is always like the signal ol death, ho is nevertheless inspirited by (he hope of gloty, inllamod by the example of his messmates; and, if he survives, mutilated by the bullet or the steel of Ihe foe. he sees before his eyes the splemlid hospital of (Jreen wich, which awaits him lor his reward, like the palaci of the lluuris, promised by .Mahomet to the bravo who die in battle. Very diU'ereiit indeed is the liito of the seamen of the merchant service. A vessel of 3U0 tons goes to the end of the world, with a crew of nine or ten men. It is impossible lo imagine the activity and cou- rage they must exhibit in a slorm, the (litigue and peril (hey must undergo, somctimeH lor a wholu day — for two or three days togetlier. Hero is the glory, herein lies the supciierity of the I'higlish seamen ovet ull other Kuropean sailors. Others may have as much courage; (ho (ireek is iiuicker, the Genoese more sober, but the Knglisliiiiaii is supreme in the terrible tempest of the sea : the ram. the hail, the wind, the whole fury of the waves, may lage and rave against him, but he resists and fulfils his duty: his strength seems multiplied a hundred lolil, and ho places his glory in conquering na- ture I Ho seems made of the rock itself! I was one day adiniriiig the beautiful white biscuit, the jniiy slices of salt beet", the unlimited number of (Kitatoes which, every day, with a liltio vurialion, form the din- ner of the sailors, who have, besides their tea moining and evening, a phte of salt moat: the captain, who saw my surprise, observed to me, " In o slorm my crew pay 1110 this again with interest." This class of mariners make more voyages than the others, and boo a, vuriuty ofdiireront countries: '• lie travels nnd expAliates ns the her, From llower to llower ; so he from land to Ittii'd ; Tho manners, cusloms, policy of all, I'ay ciintribulion to the store he glcniia; He seeks inlilligence in every clime, And spreads tho honey of his deep resenrch At his return."— f'(vi''/iM-, The craving liir variety lieinmes kucIi ii habit in sen- men, that il is a rnio thing loi ono of tlieiii lo mnke (wg vnyogof in llio (uiiio ship and uiidor tli« tiiiiic vniitaiii When, in a few days, he has squandered in taverns all tho hard earnings often, twelve, or fourteen months, he offers himself to some cnptnin on the point of sailing, who throws a glance over his certificates', and examines his whole person most attentively, that ho may not he deceived as lo health, strength,.and agility ; and tlic agreement, simple in its conditions, is signed. Tlio wages, in time of peace, are from forty to fifty shillingsa month, besides the victuals, to be paid altogether on the conipletion of the voyage, or in half or third pnr- tions at tho place of the vessel's destination. Scarcely has the vessel returned to England, and discharged lier cargo, before the sailor pockets his pay. From a poor man he suddenly f^ 'ds himself a rich one, in the ikisscs- sion of fifteen or ,venty pounds sterling. His long pri. vation of please : changes the public-house, in his eyes, to an enchanted palace. This money seems to liiiu nn inexhaustible treasure, like that called forth by tho lamp of Aladdin. Ho apparently renounces all hi? former virtues, he forgets all, ho abandons himself tu the most extravagant caprice, he buys every thing lie sees, — a turnip, a wateh, a warming pan, or a pair of spurs; and, ignorant of the snares vxliich beset his every step upon land, unmindful of himself, of his rela. tions, of the future, of his most urgent necessities, lie dissipates, in a Cow days, all the pains of a year of e.xer. lion. It was a saying jf Charles tho Second, which has bcconio proverbial, that " Sailors got money like horses, and spend it like asses." At length tho dream ceases, the illusions vanish, the fumes of the liquor dis- perse ; ho looks around, — ho finds himself ill clad, with- out a friend or a relation ; he presents himself to a new- captain, and starts for another part of the world, under a new sky, amidst another sea, surrounded by now and unknown companions. Tho seaman is a sort of Robinson Crusoe; nlloat, lie practises almost every trade. Of all mechanicnl profea. sions, this is the ono which atl'ords Ihe most instruction, and dovelopos in the Irghost degree the moral and physical faculties. Besides the smattering of astro- nomy which he acquires, — besides the foreign Inn- guages nnd the foreign manners with which he becomes acquainted, tho mariner learns how to mix paint for the boats and many articles on board, mends the ropes, sews tho sails, and must, on occasion, play the part of carpenter, blacksmith, butcher, cook, and Kaaheniion. Ho is per|)Ctually in motion, and exercises equally all parts of the liody, arms as well as legs, feet as well as iiands ; ho is bent when ho rows, or reefing and unrecf- iiig the sails ; he stands erect when he guides the helm; ho ruqs when the vessel is lo be tacked ; he balances himself on the mast-head ; he ascends and descends the shrouds with the rapidity of a squirrel. There is no system of gyinnnsties which developos so impartially the powers of all parts of the human frame, tho eyo in- cluded, — as tlie art of navigation. Tho order, the regularity, the discipline, which pre vail in the narrow space of an English merchant b'ig, are wondorftil. The face of the captain is always se- vere, the tone of his voice always sharp and imperious. No scuinnn may speak to the captain first, unless on a point of duty ; no seaman is allowed lo make remon- strances or observations on the captain's orders. A smile never passes over his eountenanco ; nor does a word of approbation or encouragement ever escapn him. The men are confined to tho Ibrecastio, and woe bo lo them if they step un deck, except ujion duty, — it is (he snmliim smiclnrum of tho captain and the passengers. The most profound silence always reigns among them, ex. cept that you occasionally catch a gentle whiKper, Willi. out this inexorable severity, how could the captain, se- conded only by his mate, exact, in the very middle of the ocean, a prompt and blind obedience 1 Even in spile of it. conspiracies and revolutions Boinctimos occur anions the nine or ten individuals shut up in so coiilincd n space, so impraeiieable is it to govern the human spe- cies I An English captain always keepn his crew busy about soinctliing or other, even during u calm. This is also an ex|)cdieiit to prevent their taking a disgust (o their occupation. Captain Fnrry, as soon as ho hnd seen his vessel made snug lor her winter station of fiw or six months, w hen on his voyage to attempt the dis- covery of a north. west passage, hit U|«in the idea of ereelmg a theatre, giving concerts, and setting up « school liir leaehiiig reading and writing to his hanly mariners; so anxious did ho feel to provide remedies for weariness, and lo keep the minds of hid crew con. Kiniidy oecnpicMl. It was mil till after I hud witnosscd tho I'lToclB of this strict oriler and discipline, nnd the conliiiual liniidliiiirul' ilhc snils, that I liilt tlio full forvo of tho iiiu.\ini, thai ■it <--I«"i"'.V" V THE ITALIAN EXILE I\ E?fr.LANI>. 135 I ill tiiverns all Dcn months, he [lint of sailiiifr, ', and cxaminca ho may not be ility ; and the I signed. Tlio fifty shillin|Tsa iilloijcthcr on f or tliird por- tion. Scarcely dischnrped her . From a poor ;, ill the ]x)sscs- Ilis long pri- nsc, in his eyes, renis to him an il forth by tho lOLinces nil his dons himself tu every thing he an, or a pair of liicli beset his self, of his rcla- : necessities, lie fa year of c.xer. I Second, which got money like mgtli tho dream if the liquor dis' 3lfill clad, Willi, iinself to a new- Jie world, under dod by now and rusoo; nHoat, lie cchunical profes. iiost instruction, the moral and tiering of astro. Ilie foreign Inn- 'hich lio becomes mix paint for mends the ropes, play the part of 1 and washerman. rcisos equally all loot as well as ig and unreef- ides the helm ; ; he balances d descends the There is no so impartially •ame, the eyo in- fii ino, which pro murcliaiit b'ifr, in is always bc- and inipcrioiii, rst, unless on a o make renion- n's orders. A CO ; nor does a vor rscapn him. and wne ho In uty, — it is the the pusBOngers. aniotig thein.ex. whisper. Willi. the Oiiptniii, sc- ry mitJdlonf llic Kvon in spile of es oocui' ninoiiB so oontiiied n the human sjio- Ills crow busy calm, This ii ing a disgust In loun as h« had r station of t\n tUitiipt tho dii- loll the ideii ul' id setting up a g In his hardy ovidit ronindics f his crew con' |iu elTorts of this jiual liniHlliiigut' liu iiiu.xini) iTilt vvilhoiit a iiicrchant nnvy a ninritimo force cannot exist. It is universally nduiitled in Kiifjiand, tliiit the best sailors on board the Kiiglisli fleet arc those who linve been bred up 'u merchant vessels. They have had ii school (il'jrroalor sulfcring, industry and experience, tlinii those brouffht upon board a fyg.Tlc. Uehvecn these two Ui nils of saTlors there is tho same diHereiice as between a regi- ment of the lint' and a band of guerillas ; the sidilieis ol llig line da/.zlo the most, boeausc they often decide the fate of empires, — the gi.erilliis acquire less glory, al- though individually they possess more bravery, ami are much more exposed to liitiguo,to thiiiino, nnd the sword, yuiuiay is, if possible, observofl by tho L]nglisli v.'lier- evcr ihcv ni.iy be. On tliat day, llie silence even on board ship is still more ijloomy than ever; everyone is sbived, every one puts on a clean shirt, every oiio en- deavours to display more neatness than usual in iiis dress. Some road a tbw jiages in the Bible ; religion is a comfort to their mind.s, rather than ii terror. The laiglishman has no other intercessor with the Siipromo JJcina than his own prayers, lie hopes for no oIIkt mi- racles than llioso which spring from his own courage, and the discharge of his duly. In a storm, the Spaniard, and even the Greek, although n good sailor, throw tliem- schm on their knees before some image, to which a light is continually burning, and in the mean time the sails and the vessel are under the control of the winds and waves ; the sighs nnd sigi.s of contrition of the de- votees only serving to increase the confusion and dis- ina Tho Englishman, on tho other hand, fulfils his duty, displays all his firmness of mind and si cngtli of liody, struggles with death even to the last momciil, and only when ho has exhausted in vain all the resources of his skill, and all the energies of his frame, gives him- self up to his fate, raises his eyes to lienveii,aiKi bows to III? will of Providence. They aro not indeed so thoroughly devoid of prejudice ns a philosopher of the eiglilccnth century; some believe in gliosis, in hobgoblins, ami pro- phetic voices which rise from the hollow of the deep, — but in tho hour of danger they no longer recollect lliesu illusions, and see nothing but tho reality belbre Iheiii, and see it without affright. I read in the " Mariners' Uegiater" (which is u collection of ofticial reports made to the .\dniiralty of shipwrecked vessels), miracles of constancy, patience, and intrepidity, displayed by sea- men to save their ships, and afterwards their own lives. One feels a proud complacency in seeing man in contest with tho monstrous force of ocean, and generally tri- umphant over it ; in seeing liiiii, when struck upon a rock in the middle of tho deep, calculating on what day the frail bark will be entirely swallowed up, and in the mean tinio labouring at the construction of a boat; and, when the hour of the total submersion of the vessel is arrived, descending into his fragile skitV, and, with a scanty supply of provisions, coiiiinoneiiig a voyage of six liiindrod or a thousand miles, and then arriving at some inhospitable land, Another lime you behold liiin in the I'acitic ocean, in a little boat, after having lost his vessel, sleeping his cloak in the sea, to protect hiiiiself from the scorching rays of tho sun; then, for want of water, extending his sails and eollecling in theiii the rain which kind lloaven sends hiii). A (siet of some reputation in Kiigland, but in my opinion of very incdioero talents, — Falconer, — has written n poem ciitilled " 'J'lie Ship wreck." It is a cold story of a vcsci which, sailing IViui I'vpriis toCnndia, near Ca|ie ("oloiina (llio niieieiil Sce- iiicini), is thrown by a tempest on the rocks, and dashod to pieces. Tliyro is u minute deseriplioii (in some de- gree the general deHcl of lOnglisli pools, great and small) of all the maniuuvres anil expedients e.-iployed by the Miiglish captain, without any of those groat strokes of the pencil sueli as Virgil giv»s, when lie dcseribos the sea slorru which overtook the wandering -liiiens, whose ships now rise to the suinmil of a moiiulain wave, now sink lollievery botloiiiof the sea ; nnd without that in- terest which Homer excites for I'lysses, when alone on a raft ho is thrown by the wind here and there, up and down by the raging sea, — at one lime cast on the waves, then ealeliiiig Indd of his raft again, till at last he coin- mils biiiiself to the walcrs,aiid, cleaving llieiii willi his breiist and hiilli his brawny arms, clulclie.s at u ruck with his outstretched hands, — "And then Ulysses on the rock tho skill Uf his strong iirms did leave ;" and aflorwards get U|H)n land breathless and spocch. less, sponling water lioni his luoiilli and nostrils. There is niiieli more piielry in the Inn stnlemnnts of the Mariners' Uegislir, lliaii in ihu ficlion of Falconer. This Ucgistiir was to bo found nn board of every ship I ever sailed in ; at first it seemed strange that a sea cap- tain should like to read so funereal a chronicle, in which, as it were, his own fate is dcscrilied ; but 1 have since retleclod, that, just as land otficors read with interest the accounts of battles and sieges, and instead of being cast down by them, aro inspired with courage, and intlaiiied with einulali')n,so may a se.inicii learn Irom these nar- ralives not only to die with intrepidity, but to use all tho various inotliods lor his own preservation. On an occasion of some peril, I had an opportunity of witnessing in my own person the bravery of this race of men. In coming from Smyrna, aficr three thousand miles of pleasant sailing, and .seventy-three days ot weariness and impatience, as we were entering the port ofCnrlinglbrd, forty-five miles north of Dublin, (where the vessels aro sent to undergo quarantine,) in tho dusk of the evening we struck on a bank : at tho shock of its striking, and the long gr.iting screak that announced it, the nine English sailors who wore on deck turned pale, but remained firm and collected. Not a cry, not a com. plaint was hoard : all had their eyes fixed on the captain, whoso orders they awaited ; he slapping his hands on his thighs cxcla'med, " lyiiat a juke !'' The first loinedy was to spread all sail to the wind, t.T try if this would release us from the rock to which we seemed to bo nailed down : in vain. The second expe- dient was to cast an anchor, and attempt by means of the capstan to move the vessel : still in vain. Tho third resource was, not to despair. As we did not yet know whether the banks were rocky or not, a trial was made with the pump to see if the vessel made any water. Fortunately, it did not. Our hopes were now placed on the next tide ; the hour of its rising w as anxiously looked for: it comes; every inch is observed, is measured, but the tide does not rise high enough. The ship, however, still continues light and sound. The second tide is ex- pected with still greater anxiety; a liigfier How favours us, and with anchors nnd capstan we at last work our- selves off this bank of evil augury, after forty hours of exertion. The captain, an excellent man and a skilliil iiavigalor,"was all this while inderatiirnble ; but when we had got out of tho danger, he fell ill of a fit of the gout, through the anxiety he had sulliicd, and several times bled at tho noso. Tho vessel belonged to him, and, with his property, ho would have lost his reputation al.«o. Again we set sail, and went to lake our post on (|UarantiHe. What a horrible thing is quaranliiin on board ship ! A dirty yellow fiag warns others of the disease with which you are |>crhapa infected; men lly your breath, your touch ; they watch from what (|uar- ter the wind blows lo speak to you; instead of the friendly band, the boatnien extends towaidsyou an iron clasp to receive your letters; in the night, a small light burns on the mainmast, to warn other ships to avoid you, like a rock or ii whirlpool ; two senliucls ooiiio on board, to keep you in strict confiiieiiiciit ; tliroo times a day the quarantine oilicor siimmoiis all on board before him, to ascertain that no disease is concealed. Tho i|uaraiilino is a lciii|Kirary exile from the world and from mankind. It was in those fifteen days, of which every ininule was counted, that I leaiiit from tho captain many parliculars oltlie li!b and manners of seamen. In lime of war, among ten F.nglisli sailors, it may ho reckoned one is married, and in tiiiio of peace, one in t. This pro{iortiini is mucli greater in all other nations, varying accurding to the extent and distance ol the coiiiiiierce they carry on. 'I'lie Italian sailors of the Meditcriuneaii, and the lirceks oftho Arclii|iehigo, who very rarely leave behind them the pillars of Hercules, arc fiir llio iiiosl part married, because Ihoir voyages arc of short duration, and they can often return to the bo- soms of their families: but lliu Ijliglish, who by tin iiiimeasurabilily of their coinmerco aro citizens of the world, would, if they were married, too seldom enjoy Ihejr home, lloiicn very few lay by fiir an event they do not think of, and in old age do not hope lor. How could lliey feel all'ection tiir Ihoir families, whom from infancy tlioy liuvo abaiiduiicd? llcsides, when tlioy are on land — " A girl and fiddle always mako a aailor glad.' . IIciico if through disenso, or somo oilier inisfiMlnno, one of thoni becomes invalided, ho has no other rcsnurco than lo beg through the sireels, singing with a voice har- monious as tlialof Ilorcas, " Tho ( 'rippled Tur," or "The Lullaby," or soino other of the countless navnl diltics of wliieli the I'nglish peopio aro so Ibnd. Tho pis'l Ciablie, still living, llie truest painter of the iminnersof the Fnglisli viilgnr, has, in Ills liilo in verse, " Tlie Urol hers," painted to tlia life llio inisoriibla end of n sailor, who, having in his best days improvidently sqii.ijidered his gains, finds, when ho has lost a leg, nothing but conlempt and insult in the house of his own brother, who is married lo a fury of a woman, and at last dies of anguish. This same painlcr-iioet, in another little poeiii. "The.Tusliee Hall," introduces a wretched street-walker ns eoining before the justice, with a baby in her arms; she has been by turns tho concubine of two sailors, father and son, and implores no other favour from the magistrate, llian to listen to tho series of her crimes and her nii^fuiiuiies, which are in truth of such a nature that they make one shudder willi horror. Crabbe is entirily the reverse oft'owpor; they are like Heraclitus and Democrilus, ".lean qui pleure, ot Jean qui ril." Cowper sees every thiiigof the colour of roses; all is virtue, all is happiness in England, ac- cording to hiin ; Crabboscosevoiy thingwithajaundiced "ye, — all is wickedness, misery, nnd vice. If, there- fore, the stranger lends an car lo each of them, bo will find the truth more easily by their combined assistance. Crabbe is like the party of the opposition, for, to hear him, Enifland has tho worst laws, and administration of them; Cowper is like the minister, when ho speaks of the reign of Georse tho Fourth, and paints it as thougli it were that of Saturn, Both arc cxaggerators; but poetry, it must bo romcmbered, is not history. THE OPrOSITION IN THE HOUSE OF COM- MONS. Between tho hall of the house of commons, and tlioso of the ropresenliitive bodies of the other nations which I have seen, there is tho same difference as betwixt the house of a rich man of yesterd.ay, and an old established gentleman of fiimily. In Iheformcr, all is new and glittering ; in " good taste," and of the last fashion ; in the latter, every thing is antique, but solid nnd massive, of n piece with tho walls and the ago in which it was built. In the former, you discern the ostentatious showiness of that which is now and not customary : in the latter, the negligence of riches, and the habitude of long possession. Tho chamber of deputies at Paris, tho halls of the Cortes at Madrid and at F '■■ ' ' -'J. f,Hf/^ * Tlip ingenuuRt auUivr bail never piwiil a winter at Wntlihif - Ion.— fc'rf. I- :- I' ■t; >• t,: \r 1.16 THE ITALIAN EXILG IN ENGLAND. ■ !>■;■(;■■ ». ■ • mi K '■■' ; !.\*'* •::l ■'•: •^■^ < anciriil oralor«: C'n'sar, wlipii he I'ell woundcil to dcatli, (lid not foffjot niibilily of pusllion. Altlioii^li the Spaniards wore not accustomed to public spcakiiijr, it was beautiful to kco the noble o- sition nu'iiilKTS against four or live hundred. It appears Iheretbru as if there were an insuperable arithmetical barriir. lie hears an excellent speech, but it produces nothing but tho sarcasms of the opposite party. Weak, and always oior|K>wered by numlicrs, the nieniliers of the opposition are roiidcmned to serve tho nation with- out station and without public honours. The chorus which del ides their olVorts is that, too, which continuallv sings the prai.-'csof the ministers. It is, then, a useless martyidom, voluntary and senseless as that which the Eak( crs impose on Iheinsolves. For what does the op. imsition sit .' — for the pleasure of saying " No !" It is nt best a mere professorship of clofpienco. 7'his is what every one says lo himself on his first view of the party in opposition. Hut ho soon changes liis opinion wheli he studies more profoundly the national organisation of England, and hocoinos fiimiliar with the history of par- liament. In tho first place, lie perceives that if tho op- position docs not conquer, it at loa-it hinders tin' enemy (whoever he may be, liberal or not,) from abusing his victory, or consnmmaling an unjust conquest. It is like tho dike of a rivnr, wliieli cannot nnsial its current, but keeps it in, and compels it to follow its course. The advantage ol' tho opposition does not consist so much lu the good that it ell'eols, as in tho evil that it prevents. It kcups awake lliu altantion, tho patriotism, tho distrust of tho people ; it propagates in jreiieinl the right opinions, it is the born protector of tho injured and the oppressed, tho harbinger of all improvements, all liberal institutions. Suppose that, by accident, the opposition is composed of persons in favour of absolute power: to i)rocure adherents, they will bo obliged to mask their sentiments, to hold tho language of justice and freedom, — like those proud and tyrannic Hoinan patricians, such as the Appii and Opimii, who, to gain their sutFragcs for the consular dignity, descended to mix among and to flutter tho common people; or, like Dionysius, who, when en the throne, crushed out the very blood of the people, and, when he was hurled from it, played the bufibon to tho populace, and got drunk in tho |)ublic taverns. But the action of the minority is not iminediatc. An opinion cannot be formed and pro- pagated and popularised in a few months, nor somc- liinos in a few years. The abolition of tho slave trade cost Wilberlbrco twenty years of persevering applica- tion. Every year repulsed, every year he returned to the assault, printing pamphlets, convening public meet ings of philanthropists, collecting notices and docu- ments on the barbarous cruellies practised on board of the vessels engaged in the horrible traffic, and thus ex- citing the imaginations and melting the hearts of his fellow-citizens, he broke at length with tho multitude into tho temple of justice and triumph. At one period, Ireland could not carry on a direct commerce with the English colonies. How many strenuous and how many fruitless attempts were made before Gratlan, in 1771), obtained the abolition of this unjust exclusion! How many times, from the days of Adam Smith downwards, was the principle of freedom in commorco, now begun to be followed by tho present ministry, brought forward by the opposition ! Tlius, parliamentaiy reform, pro- posed originally by Pill, in tho first days of his career, when he found himself in the ranks of opposition, is now beginning to make proselytes within the walls of parliament, after having made many without. Thui calholic emancipation is probably on tho |K)int of being Conceded, af\er so many unsuccessful endeavours to ob tain it. Thus the abolition of colonial slavery is uno ther laurel which the op|iosiliun sees at no groat dis- tance, and will gather in no great length of time. The English opposition, in this point of view (let it bo well observed), sets an oxumplc to all nations, all sects, all p!iilosophcrs,and all authors, for without constancy, few of them can hope for success. When a cause is just at tho beginning, wo should never despair, however often wo may bo repulsed. Under the blows of perseverance fell the Aristotelian philosophy of tho scholastics, — fell tho torture and the in(|uisitiun : under the same blows tyrants will fall, in every nation, without exeeplion. It is not true, either, that the opposition is always unrewarded ; the Irish made their countryman Gratlan ii present of fil'ty thousand pounds. Fox has statues, anniversaries, and a club, culled atlcr his name, which celebrates every year with a banquet and brilliant s|)eeclics tho day of his birth. Wlion Sir Robert Wil- son was deprived by tho gnvornnient of his rank of general, his party indemnified him with an annuity (or his own lili) and that of his son. Sir Francis Hurdelt, when ho quitted the Tower after si.x months' imprison- ment, found prepared fur him hy the |)copIc n triumph- ant procession more onviablo than that of tho anciont Romans. When Mr. Wilborfbrco passes through the crowd on tho day of the o|icning of parliament, every lino contemplates this littlo old man, worn with age, and his head sunk on his shoulders, us a sacred relic, as the Washington of humanity. This is a reward worthy of Bucli a man, and far beyond all posniblo golden fleeces, or ull the strango beasts that were ever sot in brilliants. Often, too, (without any need of deserting, us Burko did,) the march of events carries into jniwer the mem. bers of the opposition. When peace was lo be made with tho United States, in 178;i, tho ministry which had sustained and prohingod the war, was obliged to give place In thoso who had olways opposed it. lu the samtrmanner, at the |H;acc of Amiens, with the first consul of France, Pitt, tlio furlunato, tho eloquent- Pitt, had to yield tho curule chair lo his opiwnents. The rtsislanco of the np|Kwition is nol usoful lo the nation alone, but to llio guvorninont itself. Without ii, ovory administration would soon corrupt, and degenerate into infamy ; and its oxistenco would bo threatened, oitlioi uilh a slow-consuming, or a rapid and violent dcstruc- lioti. Napoleon, nt tho time that every will bont before hia, wui coni|)ollgd, in ordor lo got at tlio truth, to tulic sometiines the advice of the op|)osition in his council of state, rather than that of bis own ministers, as will u^,. pear npon consulting the sittings of 180!) respecting the liberty of tho press. In December, 1825, when Mr. liroughain inrormcd the ministry, that he intended to propose u rovision of tho law of liliel, a newspaper at- tached to tho government, which was then opposed to him, expressed much pleasure at tho circumstance, ob- serving, that between the two contrary opinions of two first-rate statesmen, such as Brougham and tho secre- tary Peel, there would be found a third, which would roconcilo the interests of the liberty of tho press with tho claims of justice for the repression of its liccntioua. ness. While tho nation continues to prosgier under the principles of the ministry, the opposition docs nolhini/ but prevent its wandering too far from the path ; but when it feels itself in a stole of suftering and decline under the existing management of ufTairs, tho natioa finds other principles at hand, other mon and another parly already matured, and prepared to guide the vcs- sel of the state in a difTcrent direction. All republics, botli ancient and modern, have been perpetually agitated by the two contrary winds of the aristocratic and doino. cralio factions, anil althmigh tho former at every sUmi passed from the hands of one of Ihc.ie |)arlie.i into thosu of tho other, thoy went on prospering for several centu- ries, in the midst of tho oscillation produced by tlieso changes. In a free government, the shock of two pur. tics, and tho apparent discird, are in reality only a con. test which shall render the country happy. Filauiiicri says that this emulation is at bottom nothing belter thaii tlie love of jiower, but as this power can never bo attained nor preserved except by promoting the goiierul good, it can be no very great concession lo call it pn. triotism. Tho two opposite forces, which oblige free fiovernment'! lo run along a middle line, aro like those which regulato the motions of the celestial bodies: op. position produces the same good ctTects in tho moral world. All governments deteriorate into tyranny with, out it : in tho absence of criticism, wliicli is their oppo- sition, — what would literaturo and tho arls boeuine .' \Vc should still bo under tho yoke of tho commentators on Aristotle; — wo should still have the atoms of Epicu- rus in physics, and the crystal heavens of Ptoluniy in astronomy. If tho Winkloinanns, the jMcngsies, and the iMilizias, had nol kept bad taste within its bounds, painting would have become u curicature, and urclnti cl lure a. heap of crudities. Except for criticism, llio Gongorus would still hold the foremost rank in Spain, the Mariveans in France, the Marinis in Italy: without Uurctli's "literary scourge," the Arcadia of Rome would probably bo still in higher esteem than the French academy, and tho Italians would have hacoino so many Arcadian shepherds, with their pipes hung round their necks. Without the struggle between duly and sacrifice, would there bo any vinue or horoisin in the world ? What is England itself with regard lo the rest of Euro|», but "the op|X)sition," which always throws its weight into the scale on tho side of tho weak and o]lpro.-^^ed, in order to presorvo tho equilibrium ? ENtiLANI), THE REFUGE OF THE OPPRESSED. In London, as well as in almost ull the countrv towns, there is a society which lius for its object to jiro. vide a lodging for the houeelcss. Where is tlie wonder, then, if England is herself the asylum of all tlic imfi.r- lunate ? Venice, in her days of glor^', was the Banctuiiry of all the oppressed, whether by kings, by princes, by republic's, by popes, or by anti|)Oi)es. England, which, in the iin|>ortance of its commerce, and its doniininii over the sea, is the Venice of our times, displays flie same universal hospilalily. Either from justice or IWiiii policy, or from a sentiment of generosity and a feeling nf liiT power, she collects under her vast legis ull tfic con- qucred and the wrecked whoever they may be. There is scarcely a single nation in Enrojic which is not her debtor lor protection ufVorded, at one lime or another, to a mimbcr of its |)ioplc. When commerce decayed in llu\y, and the usurping princes persecuted the wealthy merchants, many of these sought refuge in England i and a street still remains called " Lombard street," be- (•ause they look uii their residence on that spot. Aficr tho revocation ol tho edict of Nante.% (more fatal to Franco than the battle of Blenheim,) thous,inds of IVench Hugonots trsik refuge in England, and curried Ihither, amimg many kinds of manufacture not known iH'forc, that of silk Htutls. He who dm's nol disdain lo study the history of human vicissitude in the dwclluigs of' filth and novel ly, should go to Spitalfieldn, wliere ho will atill find many Froncli nunics among tho weavers, th and a street j' 1,10 tlinrny t eciit political Id almost all veirsaller to iidliercnts of lion. And l< which is grai |K.lual 1.1W of iH'iieticcnt gii f of mankind, \ from the eye f ferocity of m ^ |)v (lesiHTatio " niiilille ages draw Irom All deprive the stale grows g islicd." In im, L kind and evei have but one I two; constitut i Spanish, the A I republics, pres' 'J of flic biiyonc I Ipiimb-shell I ttilli th(^ two I 1 blood, " black I .Mexico ; and w 4 of letters. Lon ! say, the Bolan i Ill-roes. I )Vliat must i j li.iil seen the pa 4 Madrid and Lis fill Iiondon, with l,\r);iielles and ■», .Miiun, &c., jos .{ambassadors of -Initli, a sort of r niiiiieer Merlin ,\\ii:ler, did the 1 .'illie eiichanlcd piJ Jfrii'iids and foes ittaireascs, willioi f At flicir first a: '«,illrneted a gooii i'jiiililic. T/ie jieui |s;iy, boobies, nir jllieir loilgings to JiiriM sninc nnccdot ■.icxliiliiting a new iJvnxlaiid lo any f ivening party, to ivo iir tlirci^ hui ^iieliovies in a bai inovi'. This dive Id rail them " livii How sDuu did t ions and .ill, were iiD tomb so vast a illustrious names 'J'lic celebrity of (i way lilic a fircwi inil.ilions, emlles :i\s, and then an iKt having at tin Jiiiiiiler, when the Milling leaf, tie iioulli, was carriei Ivilli applause, for iden. lie was iVIial tlieu t He r.i\e closed over riTily of niivelty; isliiii.liDIi bctwcei ncir. They pay It lliey always n ;'.liaMe'wliidc,"lhal ".\nd after m liil incessantly jou Vrs, philosophers, iters with schemet V'licines tiir new pa killi Kcliemcs for lial none can refits ►'viTty in which ll |io«c who had oecu h imblic money ; THE ITALIAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. 137 it II his cuuncil of tern, iiu will ii|i. ) respecliiij; the 82o, wliuii Mr, li« intended to newspaimr at- lliuii opposed to rcumstaiicc, ub- oj>iiiioiis nf two and tho scere- d, wliicli would f tho press witli of its liccntioua. osiper under the jn docs nothing II the path ; but njT and decline, 'airs, tho iialion ion and another guide the vos- All repullicfi, pctually agitntud :ratic and duino. lor at every »tt'|) Hirtio!! into those or several ccnlu- odueed by thciie hook of two par- ality only a con- ppy. Filanyicri 1 nothing butter net can never bo Dting the goiiorul ion to cull it pa- iiiiich oblige free le, aio liko those )stial l)odio!>: o|>- cts in tho niuriil ito tyranny with- licli is Ihfir oppo- lio arts bocuinu .' tho connnentators c atoms of Lpieu- !iis of I'toluniy in c Mongsics, and ^ithin its bounds, , and urelntic- criticisin, tho rank in Spain, taly : without rcadia of Rome teem than the Id liavo hacomo loir pipes hung lo between duly or horoisin in 1 regard to llic which alwiiyM side of tho weak equilibrium ? OPPIlESSr,!). all tlic country its object to pro- is llie wondrr, f all tlic nnfiir- as the sanctuiiry by princes, by Ingliind, whieh, id its dominion es, displays the justice or lioin and a icclingof gis all the con- nay he. Tlii're ■ ich is not Iht e or another, lo rcfi decayed in cil the wealthy (' in Kngland ; ard street," be at spot. After (more fata! to thousands of id, niul carried irc not known not (lisilaiu lo the ilw'i'llinsn Ids, where no tho weavers, I „nd a street still called allcr Ihcjltnr-de-lya (rtowcrs but ■ loo ilinriiy for these poor emigrants.) In tlic more re- 1 ,., lit political storms of Franco, lOngland utfordcd shelter 10 almost all the French nobility and princes ; and a lew voirs arter to tlie constitutionalists, the republican and the i •„,'||,orents of Napoleon, in their turn exposed to jiersccu- i ,j,|„_ And let it lie observed, that an asjlnm like this, ! ,vliicli is granted not by favour or caprice, but by a iht- '■■ ,K\m\ I.1W of free slates, to ail the opiiresscd, is another iH'ncliccnl gill of liberty, which, as the eoniinon mother of iiiaiikiiid, wipes with an impartial hand, tho tears from the eyes of all her children, and thus assuages the ferocity of man, which would become still more cruel hv (IcsiM^ration. Among tho Italian republics of the ft oiiddlc ages hospitality was so common a virtue as to i draw from Macliiavel the ma.xini, " Where Iffinishniciits deprive the cities of men of wealth and industry, one stiilc grows great by becoming tlic asylum of tlie ban 111 lffl.3, London was peopled with exiles of every kind anil every country : constitutionalists who would hiive but one cimmlier, constutionalists who wished for two • conslilutionalists after the French model, after the a t^panish, the American ; generals, dismissed presidents of I republics, presidents of parliaments dissolved at the point '4 of the bayonet, presidents of cortes dispersed by the I homh-sheli ; the widow of the negrff king Christophe I with tlic two princesses, her daughters, of the true royal I blood, " black luid all black ;" the dethroned emperor of I Mexico; and whole swarms of journalists, |>nets and men 4 of letters. London was the Klysium (a satirist would ' sav, the Botany Bay) of illustrious men and would-lie ■■ IliTOCS. What must have been the nstonishment of one who liiil seen the parliament of Naples, and the two cortes of .\lailrid and Lisbon, to find himself at the Italian ()(H;ra ill London, wilh General Pcir-, General Mina, the orators ■ AruMiilles and (jaliano, with tho presidents Isturiez, ' Miiiiri, i^c, jostled and jostling in the crowd with the ainbiissiidors of their adverse governments? It was, in tnilh, a sort of magic vision, worthy of the great nccro- laniuTr Merlin himseli". Often, in the course of that ttii.lir, did the London Opera house bring to iny mind llir , iielmiitcd palace in Arioslo, where so many piiliidins, !'ni lids and foes of each other, ran up and down the tl.iinascs, without lieing able cither to get out or to fight At their first arrival, soihe of these wandering cavaliers .-illnieted a good deal of attention from the English imlilic. The jjeuple 18 every u'lteie the people ; that is to siv, boobies, ninnies. The newspaper writers ran to tiii'ir Imlgiiigs to get the fag end of their lives at least, iri(,'i some anecdotes. Tho lashionables took a delight in . ixliiliiting a new ''lion," which is the name given in tKiiuliiiid to any person of celebrity who is invited to an ■kvcnin^' party, to be shown as tlie wonder of the day to Jlwo or tlircc! hundred persons, siiucezed together like smu'liovics ill a barrel, so that one can neither s|H!ak nor ^novi'. 'I'his diversion is called a roH(; but some preler jtirall lliem "living skeletons," IS How sinin did this curiosity pass away I The exiles, *inMs and all, were speedily buried in oblivion, 'I'licrc is iici Iciiiib .so vast as London, which swallows up the most i'lii^trinus names for ever : it has an omnivorous inuw. 'i'hi (I Ichrily of a man in London blazes and vanishes 11 ly like a firework : there is a great noise, numberless iinii.ilions, endless fiattory and exaggeration, for a few lliys, iind then an eternal silence. Pnoli and Uumourirr, llir having at their first apjicarancc made a crash like iiiiider, when they died excited no more attention than Silling I'iif. (Jeneial Mina, when ho landed at Ports. loiilh, was carrii'd to his hotel in trininph, and deafened Ivilli applaiisi', for a month together, at tho theatre in iidon. Hi', was more famous than the Neincan lion Vhiil then / He fell very soon into oblivion, and the r.ne closed over his name. The English people are ni'ily of nnvelly ; chililish in this alone, it makes no great hiiiielion between good and bud, — they want only what nrir. 'I'hey pay llir the magic liuilern, and pay well, 11 thoy always want fresh figures. To feed this in- sti.ilile whale, that always paiitM with open jaws, — " .\nd after meals is hungrier than before," til incessantly journalists, engravers, historians, travel km, philosophers, lawyers, men of letters, poets, — min- ktors with schemes for new enucfments, the king with Itliiines I'or new palaces niiil buildings, and the liberals litli schemes for parliamentary relorin. One iionnur fiat none can refiise to the constitutional exiles, was the iTty ill which they were all plunged, not excepting liosc who had occupied postRof importance, and handled It public monvy [ Scnor Gatiiino, who hod Inicn minia- ter of finance at t'ordova, and the organ of the govern, iiient in the tlortes for above a year, I often met in the streets on his return from a walk of tour miles to give a lesson in Spanish; to preserve the independence of his spirit, he had the national pride to decline the pension oti'ered by the I'^nglish government. A Iriend of mine one day surprised poor Arguelles in his room in the dctof mending his Irowsers, — tliat Arguelles who had been thrice a nieniber of the corles, — in l^ild and \f2'3, and. had filled the high ofilee of minister for foreign attairs; on whoso ' divine'* lips it may be said that ypaiii depended, so great was his political wisdom, and the lluency of his eloquence. I had seen these two repre. sentatives of the SSpanish nation, on their leaving the cortes of Madrid, tlie day they answered the threatening notes of the Holy Alliance, born in triumph to their carriages on the shoulders of a people, intoxicated with joy and admiration ! In the next spring the widow of General Hiego died in London, consumed more by grief than by the English climate, which was ncverthel'-'ss too severe for her VNcak state of hc.ilth. i\ll the emigrants were invited to her funeral, which took place at the catholic eliapel in Moor, fields, within the city of Lon^lon. I fulfilled with a sen- timent of pity this last sad office towards a family with which I had been connected in tho boiuls of friendship. I shall always remember with pleasure having been the bearer of some letters from Cadiz, written to this virtuous lady by her husband, the hero and martyr of the Spanish revolution. Four ministers of the constitutional cx.go- vcrnment held the pall ; very few among the mony linn, dred exiles had been able to provide tliemsclves with mourning; and this in England, where llie very poorest of tho jieople are able to show this great mark of decency and respect. On this occasion, however, the poverty of the mourners, if its cause be taken into consideration, formed the most appropriate and aftecting ornament of the ceremony. To bring about a revolution requires such sacrifices, such acts of courage, such entliusiasni, that those who undertake it must bo gifted with an imagination and witl| feelings far above the comiiion level. Hence it is, that in those great events which present, as it were, a nation in convulsion, so many ]>roniineiit and striking characters arc produced. Witliout revolutions, the linea- ments of the great families called nations, would be more uniform, and less expressive. 'I'hc strongest marked physiognomies of these families appear in violent tem- pests. 'I'he revolution called the reforniation, in Gcr. niimy; that of the parliament in England, the last in France, &.C., have formed entire galleries of characters licrfectly new and original. I had an opportunity of verifying my ehservations among the brothers in exilt with whom I was acquainted. In the composition of persons who have been engaged in a revolution may he discovered, in a greater or less degree, much imagination, a quick sensibility, a high ambition, vanity still higlier than true ambition, and exlreinc inquietude and irrita- bility. It is no wonder, therefore, that where such ele- ments abound, we should find dift'erences, quarrels, and tlispiites without end, excessive lamentations over dis- apiKiintment, instances of heroism and extraordinary virtue, nnheard-of rriines, and inexplicable changes from fidelity to the falsest trenchery. I w'll hero sketch some of the more remarkable elinracters, of whom I acquired a better knowledge, during their adversity in London, than I could have done when tlieir passions were in full fervour. Senor Franco of Valencia is a Spanish patriot who, to 1)0 useful to his eomilry, and to ac(|uire that influence over his fellow-citizens which neither birth nor riches nor extraordinary tilents coiifer/cd upon him, devoted his Ul'e to virtue, and, " I'lider tho shield of conscious purity," carried about his poverty in triumph. Humble, indeed, though always decent in his dress ; sober, although some- times giving way to iiKhilgonec at tho table of some opulent friend, or occasionally at another ; us a judge bold, decided, and inexorable. Six years of exile eon. sumed in atleinpts and stratagems lo prepuru tliat mine which was destined in 18'J0 to spring, and demolish tlie alisolnte government of Ferdinand the Scvenlli, were reiiiunerated by the cortes with a pension which was his only iKttrimony. Of strict honour in all his dealings, of inviolable secrecy, scrupulous to an extreme of injuring the reputation of others ; — his testimony was eften ad. milted to be decisive even by his enemies. Hj was soiiietinies selected as tho arbiter between two contend- * An epiiliii h inori' narrowly. I Ibiiiiil liiiii u littU', k'nii, sliiirt-si^'liU:>l luai), iiii'^linily on )iis li'K") — i» vi'ry ilcvil-oii-two-xticks, I wt'iit thai i-vt'iiiny; (o lit'ar liini from tlic [H'ltplf's ^ '- Icry, ami In' apiiranil to inc a fjiaiil that with the IIiuikIit of his t'loiiiu'nco niiijht havr r'liaki'ii Olyniiiiis. 'J'wo inontlis afUTwards I met liiiii in Iiondon, uncnrrupl, inaceLssihU- to every kind of scdnctionf luu.'hanj^od, and unelianjrialdt' ; he sicmed then a Clato. 'I'liis n.an is a speeies of Sphinx ; he is a mixture of beinties and de. fects: vaiiifflorious in tlie extri'ine, hnt always ri'ady to sa- crifice his self-lino at the altar of liis eoinitry; (;i\(ii lo j)leasure, yet of a candid mind, and free from otienee. The Knj;lish (rovernment };ranted a pension lo all the nicnd)er.s of the cortes; he w.is the first to refuse it. In the meanwhile, lie honestly solil his pen to the literary journals. One of the ijreat haders of Spain was the first in Ijondou to bow to tiie yoke of fate, and became a tcaelicr of languages rather than bow to the yoke of man. lie is a boaster, but I never heard him boast of the sacrifices lie had made to his country. To jrive one- (iclf lip to one's country, is in his eyes a bare duty, not a virtue. I nc^ver heard liiin cither lament over, or sigh for, the coml'orts of this — " life iiiori" overcast than 'tis serene, This mortal life, of direst envy full." IIo soonis invulnerable cither by fortune or by man. Another exile with whom I was loiiir acquainted, was the Count Santorre di Santa Rosa. His name had been connected with the Picdmontcse revolution, but the na- tion which admired the few acts of his ministry, had not lime to appreciate his virtues as a citizen, and his talents as a statesnmn. Whoiuer lived under the same roof with him, could not avoid being the belter for it. The very judfjes who pronounced sentence of dcalli upon him, would have revoked it, if they had known the pu- rity of his heart. lie was one of those men who are born to faseinatn all around them, and lo make follow- ers. Eloquent, of a enllivated mind, brought up in a camp during the first years of his youth, under the eye of the colonel his father; buta lover of solitude, that he might give himself up lo study and tontcmplatioii, he joined a military frankness lo the holy enlhusiasni of the hermit. A good companion, a warm friend, an ex- cellent host, he created around him more genial inorri- inent, with no licpior hut water, than others, assisti .. by all the inspiration of the bottle. Although lie lielii no higher rank in the army than that of lieutenant-colonel, yet all eyes were fixed upon him as a man who would do unheard of things. Flis mind was as pure as his life. IIo loved lilierly, not only tor its eflecls, but also as a sublime and poetical state of existence. At the same time, nevertheless, he loved monarchy ; he w islied, so to speak, to worship liberty in her temple, with a king for high priest. In Constantinople he would have adored liberty alone, as in Phil idelphii he would have voted liir a king; he loved a king, through his love of liberty, be- cause he believed a king lo he the guarantee of liberty with order. He was enamoured of the iiislory of his country, and a warm admirer of the military monarchy of Piedmont, not that he would not have corrected its CJolhic defects ; but he admired it as one admires an old suit of polisheil steel armour, which is no longer useful, but still dazzling. He fell for the diminutive kingdom in which ho was born, the same alieetion which is shown by the citizens of small repnblies. Thus, although he could speak both rrenuli and Italian with singular clc- gance, lie delighted locoinnume with his fellow country- men entirely in the Picdmonlcso dialect ; it was his Ranz dr$ I'achcs. It will, Iherolbre, excite no surprise that ho was inclined to an aristocratic constitution. When I saw him for the first lime in Turin bet'orolhe rovululion, he was in favour of two chambers of repro- BCiilalives; I said to him, "Let ua deter that (luestion till after the triumph ; in the mean time, rest assured of this, that, till the talisman ot the Spanish constitution i displayed, the majority of the Italians will not stir."' -After a short pause, he riiplied in a rosolute tone, " If it be 80, let us defer this important quostion lo a better op- iwrtimity, and grasp the Spanish constitution only as a lever to raise degraded Italy from the wretched slavery in which she is plunged." Phero are few examples of no manly and generous a sacrifice of individual opinion to that of the many. England was for him an iiioxhaustiblo field of obser- vation ; ho studied her institutions as the ancients stu- died the laws of Crete, and thoy pleased him the more, that the aristocratic principle being predominant in tlioni, their success in practice was a splendid confirma- tion of his |H>litical speculations. Nor would ho perhaps have abandoned this laud of liberty, nor that firo which is never queneheil, had nrit hearts, tbrined lo strive lor fiiinc, awakened him from his lite of repose at .Notting- haui, to combat tor the liberation of (Jrecce. His iiilense love of liberty was inllamed by a tincture of religious enthusiasm: lie went totJrecco with the courage and the devotion of a true crusader. If ho had been able to speak the language, he would liave inoculated his Ibl- lowers with his oiilhusiasm ; he had a crossalways liiiti!.' round his neck, and he astonished tlie jmliMii willi whom ho went to Xavarino, by tlourishing his sabre with one hand, and displaying his cross iu the other, while he translated for them tlio verso of Tasso — " For country all is lawful, and for faith." He died as he had lived, a brave man, with arms in his hands, fiicc to face with the Kgyptians, as they landed in the island of Spliacteria. He could not havo had a more honourable death nor a mere hoiionrahle grave. The slaughter of the Turks and the Kgyptians, soon after at tho battle of Navarino, the SOlli of October 1827, was a hccaloinb which expiated his death, and the eonllagrution of that barbarian fieel the noblest funeral pile that could be reared to his unburicd bones! ROADS. The prosperity and civilisation of a country may be estimated in a hundred difiireiit ways. Some measure it by the [wpulation, some by the quantity of money in eirculalion ; this by the state of its literature, and that by the state of its language. David Hume said, that where good broad-cloth is made, astronomy is sure to be known, and the sciences to be cultivated. Sterne, from the liy- berpolc of the barlKr who dressed his wig, and the finery of the Parisian gloveress, deduced two qualities of the French nation, one amiable, and the other ridiculous. Pangloss, when he was shipwrecked on the coast of Por- tiig:il, drew the inference, from the sight of men hanging ill chains, that he was in a civilised country. Why may we not also draw an inference of the civilisation of a coun- try (Voin the condition of its roads ? Where there are no roads, or but few, however magnificent, we may take ij for grant! d that there arc few or no books, few or no maiiii- fiietures, many and unjust laws, few legislators or only one, a great many friars and very few learned men, many miracles and little money. Whoever has travelled iu "iirope, iiiiist have seen with his own eyes the truth of this doctrine. IJussia, Poland, 'i'urkey, (.irecce, Transyl vaiiia, Hungary, Croatia, liukovinia, Spain, and Portugal, which arc certainly the lea.sl civilised |iortioiis, arc also those which have the tew est roads. In the Pelo|)onnesus, where, when poems, tragedies, and histories, were writ- ten, there were so many roads and cart tracks, there is now no longer a carriageable road ; not in the whole kingdom of the king of men, Agameumon : — " Of countries vast the ruler sole-supreme, The best of kings, in war snpremi ly brave 1" who lii.il Automedon I'nr his charioteer, the best coacli- iiiaii in all (irrece. From Velez-lMalaga to Grenada, in the once wealthy kingdoms of the Arabian dynasties, there is no other road than a precipitous mule track. From the city of Mexico to Guatemala, there is nothing that can be called a road. To get over the twelve hun- dred miles of iiilervi iiiiig distance, the deputies from (Guatemala, when that republic was united to IMexico, were obliged to undertake four months' disastrous tra- velling. From Omoa to (Jnatemala it is the same ■ — to traverse these tlirie hundred and filly miles, takes sometimes from six to seven months, iu the case of the lr;iiis|K)rtalion of nicrchandise on the backs of mules. The other Spanish American colonics all alike had over- fi'w roads, and over-much wretcliciincss, ignorance, and 8U|>erstition. tJn the contrary, France, Germany, and Italy, have more roads and more civilisation, and Fiigland has more roads and canals, than all the rest of lOuroiK' put toge- ther, — and more civilisation. I remember seeing in M. Dnpin's work on lOngkiiid, that the total length of its roads and canals, in propurlioH lo its extent of surface, is very much greater than that of the roads and canals of France. iWs not the eomparative civilisation of the two countries stand |M'rliaps in the same scale? Let Ihe same comparison be made between the roads anil canals of the north of Italy and those of the kingdom of Naples, and the same result will be obtained. This is not a mere casual coincidence, — it is an un- failing efl'eet of an inliillible ennse. From the want of ea;iy cominuiiicution, men remain disjoined and isolateil ; III! 11 minds grow cold, their spirit Hltmibers, they feel no I'luulation, tlicy experience not the spur of the neces- sity lor satisfying new desires, have little moral develcjh. iiieiil, energy, or activity. This is the reason why n^ reiHiblican, or the citizen of a free state, is of a fervid aniiualcd, and enterprising spirit, because he lives and moves in a mnltiUide ; while the subject of an absolute monarchy, where the population is usually scanty, aiij scattered over a large surface, becomes dull and drowsy not more from the terror than tlie isolation in which l» lives. When men are brought nearer lo each other, l- means of roads, canals, steam vessels, suspiiiKiui, liridges, rail ways, and (would fate consent) air ballodi.j they will waken up, their ideas, their desires will mui. liply, and their energy and intelligence in proportifjn. Wliy is a eomilryinan neciwsarily less active and iiitiUi. gent than a citizen / Why the inhabitant of a siiiaj] town less so than the inhabitant of a great capita! ! Itt- cause the mixing and rubbing together of men is less. It would appear that tho development of the hiiinan mind is in the combined pro|)orlion of the mass of nun, and the velocity of their intercourse. I will quote, ig illustration of this, two licautiful similes of Verri in Ins Meditjilions on Political Economy (now at length known and esteemed by the Knglish). — "A blade of common grass mowed down in the meadow is a piece of inert niatlcr, while it remains isolated, or only collected in a small mass ; but let a large heap of these blades of grass !« piled up, and a feimcntation will be observed lo lake place, — heat will bo unfolded, — a motion propagated throughout tho mass, which will at lengtl» take fire, and blaze up till it illumes the horizon." — " A buiirli of grapes, by itself, or with only o few others, discharpos itself of II mere dreggy matter ; but when a large quan. tity is coiuprcbsed, the mutual impinging of the iiifinitj volatile particles agitates the whole mass, elTervesccnce is everywhere produced, and a liquor distils from i! which fills the aliiiosphcre with fragrance, and the veins of him who drinks it with lit'c and youth ! Such is tin picture of mankind." For the lovers of similes, I will add another. Men, those pebbles of Deucalion, arc ev actly like flints, which never throw out fire until tlnj are struck together. Straight roads and symmetrical cities, betray a dts. I>olic jiower, caring little or nothing for the rights of jiropcrty. An u.-idcviating right line is like tlie swort of Alexander, w ilh which he cut the Gordian knot, wlitn he found it impossible to untie it. 'I'nrin and Ucrlin. the two most regularly built cities in Europe, rose uiidrr the word of command from two military monarcli9;and who docs not discern in the intcrniinable straight roads of France and Poland, the arbitrary hand which m«>\ have made them so '( On the contrary, in Englane, that ancient land of liberty, the streets arc crooked, lull of ins and outs, and most of the cities arc mere heap) of habitations, built without a plan, as necessity or ca. price dictated, not composed of files of houses, drawn out in line with the regularity of so many battalions of soldiers. Yet the English love order, celerity, and tco. noiiiy : true, — but it appears that hitherto he has above all these ever respi cled the rights of jiroperly. So iiu. nierous arc the windings of the public roads inEiiplaiid, as to render a deduction necessary to be made, in strict justice, in favour of France, from the proportioiip laid down by M. Dtijiin, to which I have before adverted. The footpath that always runs ahing the sides of tlie streets in the towns, and many of the roads in the coun- try as well, shows tliat the people arc respected and re- s|M.'clal)le. 'I'lierc are canals for nicrchandise, the mid- dle of the highway for those that ride, and the fi)ot|)alli for those who walk. The footway is the triumph of dp mocracy. 'I'he lower class is not, as in other cciiinlrii*, quite disinherited ; it has its own portion, small, indeed, but inviolable. On the continent, instead, the roadi seem only made for the rich and for the horses. Which is the best nie'hod of obtjiining good rnadu, that is, not only highways, but also cross-roads, llial, like the veins of the human body, run in every dircc. lion, and conjoin in one whole, the largest cities witli the remotest villages ! Is the system of tolls, or that of a public sn|)eriiitendence supiRirtcd by the taxes, llie bel- ter ? Verri says, " Every payinent uniioscd on tlic pa? sage of roads, or the trans|)ort of goods, such as tolls, taxes on carls and carriagiis, has the efl'eet of rnff(i/i»s the popnlalion, and renderhig parts of it more isidutrd. Smith, oil the other sidi', niaintains the utility and the justice of turnpike;., observing that this tax, or toll, though it is advanci'd by the carrier, is finally paid k the consumer, to wliuiii it must always he charged in the price of the gooils. As the expense of carriap, however, is very much reduced by means of such public works, the goods, notwithstanding the toll, cumccliea|«i to the consumer than they could otherwise have done; I CI tliiir prii-e i Imvireil liy who filially lalioii iiinre jiiiyiiient is i re.ilily, no II obliged lo gi iiii|)o.ssil)le to a la.v-" However dic'v limy bol Virri is ll lillif milliner and iiiereliiiiii c.\|ieMses ot roads ? Iiisti cniii|detely an cvislince. K Ininsil is ran liiriipiki's, bill Tilt' opiiiioi country like V 111' constnicted coiiiiMiiiiicatio by means of I roads, and kee 1 am perfect tlic rei:;H of Ji I TV pniviileiit "till' I'lnglish la\ :;cill''nl tli,aii ou ftliirnl fnini Al pinn. As the; jfl ri nee iiiiisl si : I ii'peat that biailr ai'.d iiiiiii ^vliirli serve ol ;a[i(i vill.igi^ won |f!ir Ilic trouble o jii:iiiit.'iiiied as ( r, nimiiiig Ih 'rcqin iitcil by tr. out tile toll-s. Ill tlie part of tl wonilered at beir operation a .liniwii upon Ihe Jliriii. The cons ||liro this tax can JMIllrll, it is alw |t sli ill cease wit hii\i ri.'inilinr.sed tji' cuiisequeiitly s liiiind nece.s.sar Wliy, it may b aiii tlir principal lie tolls ' IJeeai bat llie tolls won )!' biinir niily a tl voiilil beciniie a ^ iii'iil liiis MO ollie: iiid iiiipiirtiality, its eotiresvions. it is to he ke ^nil canals in ]' leans of tolls. ' iilbiiig; liiit it hi 111 tilings alone. ■I' iiimimerable, liii'li there have ixly yiors. Tin very ilii'eition, in lowiil to take. ioiibb' the usual r. 1 fii'ilily, uiid a real I'oiivenieiice allli- It eamiol like system is all ri'ali'st is the nui 111' nii|di)yed in wliieli till' passe ay al every turn iliabitaiits of tiic ay> ; flieie are al; I'ivers, and soineli II' fanners of the 'ii'iidvniit.'iges to I alimee the others 111 llio lll-.st placr Sslribiilod among llic e.xleiil of ■Ji''; THE ITALIAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. 139 ittle moral ilcvelo|i. 10 reason why Hit ate, is of a lirvid, cause he lives aiul cct of an al)soluic igually scanty, and 39 (lull and ilrtmgy, )latiou in which |i,. ;r lo each other, \,\- /CSScls, SUSllCllsiijii insent) air hiillodi,., r desires will iim!. •uce in proiKirticn, 3s active anil intiUi. lahitant of a siiiail . great capita! ( Hi- her of men is less. lent of the Imiiiim )f the mass of nun, •. I will quote, ill liles of Verri in Ins ^ low at length Unown lade of common gran lecc of inert mallet, oUccted in a Kiiiali blades of grass be be observed to tike motion propagaltd lengtli take fire, anil on." — " A bundi of r others, discharges t when a large quan. nging of the iiilinik ; mass, eflerveaccnce iquor distils from it 'ranee, and tlic veins youth ! Such is tlir LTs of similes, 1 will if Deucalion, arc n- ' out fire until tliev cities, betray a dis ng for the rights oi inc is like tlic sworil e Gordian knot, wkn Turin and Uerlin, in Europe, rose undn ilitary monarchs ; and jinable straight roads ry hand which nius; liitrary, in Enplane, eets arc crooked, I'liil litics arc mere he«|s , as necessity or ca. |es of houses, (lra»B ;o many battalions o( er, celerity, and ceo. litlierto he has alwve of property. So nu. ilic roads in Eiiplaiid. to be made, in strict the proiiortioiip laid |c before adverted, ling the sides of llio le roads in the cnnir irc rciipceted ami re- lerchandise, the mid. file, and the footiialh [is the triumph ol'ile- ,8 in other rcnnlriif. irlion, small, imleoJ, instead, the roadi the horses, itaining good rnaili, Iso crosH-roads, tliil, run in every ilirtc largest cities with 111 of tolls, or thai of •y the taxes, Iho liel- im|K>sed on the |«.<- nods, such ai* tolls, jc effect of rarffyi'i'f lof it more isdlalfil. Ili(^ utility luid lilt It this tax, or lull, , is finally paid I? ■ays be charged in |xpense of eairiafe, ?ans of such publit • toll, come eho«|W fherwisc have done; iiucli raised liy the tiill, as it is IVe ilitlli' land |e.\|H I III Itunipi their prii-e imt Ik iiig so in Imireil I')' ""^' '■li™l""'«« "' "'*^ carriage. I lie person who finally pays this tax, therefore, gams by the nppli- riliun ninie (ban he loses by the payment of it. Ills invment is exactly in propinlum lo his gam. It is, in reililv, no more than a part of that gum winch he is uliliirii'l lojl've "P ill order to get the rest. It seems iiiiiiussihlc to iiiiiiginc a more eiiuitabic method of raising " ilowever discordant these two opinions may npiiear, •lu-V iiiiiy both I'o correct in dill'ereiit eases. That of rri is'lhe just o'"' '" '^ t'ountry of little activity, ami eoiiiineree and re.sort. li" the passage of carriages iicrehandise 1m' rare, how can the turnpikes pay the iisis of the eonstrue.tion and iiiaiiitenanee of the roads? In.slead of this, they would lessen, or pi'rhaps 'cnniidelely annihilate the little intercourse already in csislinee.' Knglaiid itself in those few districts w here Ilraiisit is rare, does not l"ollow the general system of I, but sets ill motion that uf parochial rates. The opiniou of Smith also is just, in reference to n Iconnlrv like England, from a survey of whose condilion K constructed most of his theories, — where the internal iconiniunicalion is so vast, that in a few years it refunds, lliy ine.iiis of the tolls, all the ex|Knses of making the itoails, and keeping them in repair. [ I am perfectly well aware that Lombardy has, since i1li( reisH of Joseph the Second, licen in possession of a ivirv |iriivi(leiit code of laws ibr the formation of roads ; 'tlie' English laws, nevertheless, are perhaps no less ex- ifellinrthan our own in this particular, as may be ga- ?1li( red from M. Uupin's work, in which they arc all giviii. As these do not come within iny scope, this rc- IfeniKO must siilliec ; — I resume my former subject. ? 1 repeal that the whole of the English roads are not Jliiade av.il maintained by means of turnpikes. Those Avhieli serve only for coiiimunicating between village itml village would not in some cases pay the gatekee|)er Ifir llir trouble of taking the toll. These, therefore, arc iniiiilained as cconoinieally as possible. Those, liow- ' r, riniiiing iM-tween cities of largo trade, and mud [111 iited by travellers, are kept up by means of farm- . , out the tolls. 'J'lie erection of turnpikes is optional Jiirtlie part of the municipal authorities, but it is not to «duilered at that they all adopt them, beciiiise by jflieir opiialion a share of the exiicnsc of the roads is llirown upon the giHids and passcngt^rs that make use of ,lilii 111. The consent of parliament is indispensable be- ^,tn- Ihis t.ax can be imposed, and, when this consent is i;r,iiili (I, it is always .accompanied by the condition that ft skill cease within a certain time after the proprietors |i,i\r leinihursed their outlay, with interest. These tolls (10 e.mseiiiiently temporary, and liable to rise or fall us is |)iinul neees.sary. Wliv, it may be asked, does not the governinent main- lain the principal roads, and alVcrwards repay itself with [lie tolls ? lieeau.se, by ibis method, it is to be feared lliat the tolls would become a perpetual tnx,uiid, instead f hriiig only a transitory imposition to pay a debt, it oiilil Ineoine u source of (h^c illation. Where a govern- hienl lias no other direct interest than those of justice Lid iiiiparliulity, it takes care to .set impassable bounds \n its eoiieessions. It fi.vcs unalterably the toll, and the ■ it is to be kept up. All the great roads, bridgMJLANI>. ■ ■^■• and ini prisoned, civilisatinn conica in alonfj willi com incrcc: if, to obvinit: lliis, they ndopt the |)roliiliiliv<^ sys. torn, roads, roud.s alone arc suflieient to lirinj; the niind.s of men into contact and fermentation. There is no des- potism so consistent in its means and ends, or, if I may be allowed the expression, so enlishtencd, as that of the Turkish government, which |K'rmita neither printing nor miivcrsities, connneree nor roads; yet even the coH'ee. houses of C'onstantinople were hy themselves snfTieient to create an o|>]«)silion to tlu^ (irand Sei;jnior, notwitli- Ktanding lie is own brother to the sun and moon! TIME. Idleness is the luxury of the Spaniards, and a great luxury it is, for it is alt waste. It is a universal luxury, which is enjoyed by all, from the highest grandee to the most miserable water carrier. The luxury, however, consists in the speiidin!» of an article of little or no value in S])ain. The Castili.in, who keeps so religiously to liis word when his honour is in question, is never punctual to an appointment ; because on hour more or less, in the life of a Spaniard, is only an hour less or more in eternity. If you propose to a Spaniard to set liis hand to a thing at once, he answers you, however he may be interested in it, "To-morrow." Fatal /o-morioic, which is repeated so often from day (o day, till yotir patience is worn out I Fatal to-morruw, that has reduced the kingdom, once seated on a throne of gold, and crowned with precious stones, to rags and a dung.hill ! The very mantlc.in which the Spaniards wrap themselves up, and which impedes every motion but that of sleeping, dis])lays their indolence, and the little valuethey set on time, as the laziness of the Turks is shown by their wide trowsers and loose slipi)ers. When the Spaniards are biilter taught, more industrious, and less prejudiced, they will wear the mantle no longer. Superstition is usually the companion of sloth. An active peojde cannot aftbrd to pray away whole days at church, or throw them away on processions and ])ilgrimagcs. An industriouspcoplc prefer growing tlieir " daily bread" with their own hands, to asking it thirty or forty times a day as alms from heaven. When I was first in Spain 1 v/as surprised to see, that none of the lower classes, and but few of the more resjrectable, had watches ; yet it is natural that it should be so. What has he who has no occasion for the division of time, to do with tlic measure of it ? Their noon is the same as that of the horses and dogs, the emptiness of their bellies ; the siesta is, |M.'r- liaps, the business of the greatest importance they have to do during the whole day. It is esteemed such an in- dispensable necessary of life, that a poet, I think the tender Garcilaso de la Vega, singing the delights of the Aranjuez, tells us that the nymphs of the I'agus, at a certain hour of the day, give themselves up to tlie siesta. The journey from Madrid to Seville, which is not ac- comi)lished by a galley in less than sixteen days, would be got over in England in two. Rut what of that? In these sixteen days the Sjianiard would not have produced a skein of thread. For this reason, in Spain, and in all countries where indolence is in vogue, there are no ma- chines for the abridgment of labour. Four years ago, the coaches of the King of Sjjain were in the same stjite as when coaches were first invented. In some provinces tlic carts have wheels which do not turn on their axle- trees, but with them, making all the while an infernal creaking. The Spanish |>eoplc, formerly so great, and who might yet be so, arc rendered by despotism like the inhabitants of the Castle of Indolence, described in Thom- son's poem, who, deceived by the perfidy of a tyrannical magician, slumbered on in the delusion that they were living in a terrcstriiU paradise, while they were in reality surrounded on all sides by desert wastes, and fetid marshes, and eaten up with wretchedness and misery. On the contrary, in England, time is a revenue, a treasure, an estimable commodity. The Englishman is not covetous of money, but he is supremely covetous of time. It is wonderful how exactly the English keep to their appointments. They take out their watch, regulate it by that of their friend, and arc punctual at the place and hour. English pronunciation itself seems invented to save time ; they eat the letters and whistle the words. Thus Voltaire had some reason to say, " The English gain two hours a day more than we do, by eating their sylla- bles." The English use fi.'W complimenUi, because they arc a loss of time, their salute is a nod, or at the utmost a corrosion of tlie four monosyllables " How d'ye do ?" The ends of their letters always show more simplicity than ceremony : the have not "the honour to repeat the jirotcstations of their dislin;.'uishod regaid and profound eonsiderntion " to bis " mi)>t illustrious lordship," whose "most Uumblc, moat dcTOted, and most obsequious ecr- vai.ts" they " have the honour to l)c." Their vf ry lan- guage seems to be in a hurry ; since it is in a great part composed of monosyllables, and two of them, again, are often run into one : the great (luantity of monosyllables looks lik(- an abridged way ot writing, a kind of short hand. The Enghsli talk little, I .suppose, that they may not lose lime : it is natural, therefore, that a nation which .-•rts the highest value upon time, should nialje the bqst chronometers, and that all, even among the poorer classes, should be provided with watches. The mail coach guards have chronometers wortli eighty pounds sterling, because they must take care never to arrive five minutes past tlie hour ap|)ointed. At the place of their destination, rela- tions, friends, and servants, are already collected to re- ceive passengers and jiarcels. AVhcn a machine is so eonii)lieated as England is, it is essential for every thing to be exact, or the confusion vtould be ruinous. In Englanil there is no bargaining. The price of every article is fixed. This custom Ls not the product solely of competition and confidence, but also of the necessity of saving time, 'i'hus a child may go to buy without lieing cheated ! how otherwise could the shopkeeiiers manage on market-days, when, from noonday till nine or ten at night, their shops are crowded with customers ? The greatest traflic in England, that is, that of the pub- lic funds at tlie Stock Exchange, is founded altogether on good fuilii. A broker etTects sales of thousands and tens of thousands by means of a few figures in a little hook he carries in his pocket. Without tliis laeonism, or saving of time, how could it be possible to eflect in a few hours so many transfer.s of the funds, and so many insurances? Insurances to the amount of ten million |X)unds sterling may be procured at Lloyd's cotTec-housc, in a single quarter of an hour. Why docs no one travel on foot in England ? Why do the meanest workmen travel with four horses, in the style of the proudest nobility on tlic continent? Because the stage coaches save time. The infinite number of machines, which, in manufac- tures, multiply a hundred fold the work of man, may be estimated according to tlic saving of time they occasion, When it is said tliat the cotton spinning machine docs the work of two hundred spinners, it is the same as say- ing, that it docs, in one day, the work of a spinner for two liundrcd. 'j'hcse machines have been imitated, or have been made known by means of drawings, on the con- tinent; but how nianyotliers remain unknown, which, in the farms, in the seaports, in the warehouses, and in the shops, arc employed by tiic English to save time and trouble I The Englishman docs not expect to make his fortune either by Uie lottery or by miracle. Lutlier has deprived him of the latter resource, and tlie government of the former, having recently suppressed it. Hence he places his hopes and confidence in nothing but time ; liis wisli is not that of Midas, to become possessed of mountains of gold at a stroke, hut for an opportunity to work, and make money. Double an Englishman's time, and you double his riches. In conclusion, with respect to industry and labour, it is no fiattcry to say, that tlie Englishman is better than the Spaniard, since he is a man in tlio image of God, who is always doing. So thought Thomson, when he put into the mouth of Idleness tliis apastroplie to her fol- lowers — " Ye helpless race, Dire labouring here to smother reason's ray. Thai lights our Maker's image in our face, And gives us o'er our earth umpiestion'd sway; What is the adored Supreme Perfection, say ? What but eternal never resting soul, Almighly power and all dirceiing day, liy whom each atom stirs — tlie pliuiets roll — Who lilis, surrounds, uiibrms, and agitates the whole!" Castle of Indolence ENGLISH -AIARKETS. " Fairs and markets belong to a state as yet little ad- vanced ill public proH|)erity, in the same manner that commerce by caravans belongs to a little advanced stage of eominercial relations; yet even tliis imperfect kind of ation is lietter than none at all." I do not know how M. Say, r.ii author generally so judicious, come to forget, when lie wrote this passage, that England, without cet the i idlest and most [xipulous of stall s,' has more fairs and markcls than any other. It proves that political economy is not a cnRmopolitieal seiener, but something like that of medicine, in which the apl)ori:-m3 that will apply to all catcs arc but few. There is no town in England which has not oni, or i. m.-irkcts every week, and two or three fairs liir li„r,, cattle, cloth, cheese, &c. in the course of the yi-.-.r: : city of York alone has no less than fifteen liorM cattle fails every year. Every English ahiianatk ,, tains the names of above three liunilred nmrkel (o^, as these are called. To these markets resort not r,, the |)easanlry, but all the farmers, great and sinrill, the country side, for at least ten miles round. It foiui^ interesting and animated scene: from earliest d^iHn- mid-day the roads leading to the town arc eovcreil •* droves of cattle, flocks of sheep, foot passengers, tilted (j.-^ and countless numbers of mounted rustics. The inu,,;. folks use little covered carts, in which all the t'ui;, dressed in their best, sit at their ease. The dcjj/J, most constant friend of man, follows the caravan, ,,. takes charge of it, when the family leave it to do v-|.^ they are come about. Most of these carts have no sprin-, because, if tliey had, they would have to pay Ihe taj ■ which spring-carts are liable, according to the sj,. of the English laws, which imposes taxes on an iimii, ing scale, from eomtbrt to luxury, and iVom luviir, superfluity. The head of the family, however, ifln'i.; fanner, goes to market on horseback. It is jiliasaii; : see these English flirmers, mounted on fine strong in r- , in little troops of five or six, well clothed and fed, tat; • their way to the town at a brisk trot or lull gallop, :. in the evening, returning to the village, still losiir;. joUicr than in the morning. 'I'heir wives and daugh:,:; are often to lie seen on horseback, riding with such ,;. giince that they could not be distinguished from laiii if they were not betrayed by their round anti-senliuu:.: full moon faces. The 'farmers arc in almost every cm try the finest race of men, and in England this ajins? most strongly, from the contra-st bctwei n them am! i numbers of the population wliosc^ look is sjxjiled liv :, manufactures. There are as many races of niiu tlierc arc difierent professions : what a diflerencc betw a sedentary watchmaker, in a heated atmosphere, pun: through a microscope at a hair's brcadtli of gold, aiiii farmer of England (or Lodi),jWitli plenty to cat and d;,: and continually in exercise in the wholesome o|Hn j^ In Yorkshire, which produces the finest horses in Es; land, I have often seen fanners mounted on animr 1; i:; on the coutinenl would be worth a hundred guineas. ' some counties (and the custom used to be more gcnci the farmers carry tlieir chaste better halves seated hdiii: them on tlic crupiicr: the Englishman puts the lady ; the place of his portmanteau, while the .Spaniard, luv: rcsjieetful, as well as more gallant, when he rides iloi.i., places the lady before him, sui)ports her witli the lell Em and in the attitude of a Roman at the rajic of the Sabi«c' admires and talks to his Dulcinea. Enquiring \viil,i; myself what could be the advantages of this general m of markets in Eugland, it occurred to me tliat they nii;i: lie as follows : in the first place, tlie English towns a open, and at none of them is there a tollage or imposts lie jiaid at the gates (if tliere were any). Hence it ari^j that there are no stoppages, no petty peculations, no lux of time, no vexation. The Englishman would rather 1: his goods rot to pieces, than submit to be searched ai pulled about every moment by a set of wretched liinlin; placed at every gate of the town, as insjicetors of b breeches' ])0cket. The maxims of commerce are diltiis; through all classes in England ; even tlie farmers kcnl that free comi-'ctition is advantageous to botli buyer nii Her. Instead, therefore, of waiting patiently in tii(.' village for the coming of tlii; butcher or tlie recitllimt, ;; buy their chiekens, their potatoes, their cows, and lliei cattle, or that of the pedlar to sell them the little artiilnl necessary for their wardrobe, tliey prefer to go Ihcinschi to market, and thus escape the monopolists te «!]cs| grasp they would, in other countries, be subject. Tins custom arises also partly from another caitf cultivation being confined almost entirely to the nicndfi and the corn field, turnips and potatoes, leaves the fiini (t plenty of time to go to market. In France and Italy tit, cultivation of the vine, to say nothing of the rciriiii; «| grain, grass, mulberry and other fruit trees, and India corn, leaves him at liberty only a few days in the winli': This custom deiK'iids also in sonio degree on the usr which is made of horses in most countries, instead !>'| oxen. In Nottinghamshire, oxen arc so rarely einployei that, when yokeil, they heeoiiK! an object of euriofil; Lord Middletoii keeps three pair of oxen for the labour! of his park, — " Wide-fronted and arch-horned," and beautiful as Homer's oxen of Ihe sun : the uilinhllac'jl of Notlingham go to see Iheni, by way of anmseincnll when they are plougliiiig, yoked in an elegant homes f h' ']'h.' use of 1 l.iiire to Mar !«• added, tlia iii.iiistry all ll-i-earia, i ni-mslratiil, I IMS with would be an ill rcind labo" oilier roiis-idf ti-ery thing q liiity and tra course is acce would improv would be re.|u Die siooiiil, \x,i inv tiling but jL'f is siijierio :■ bitter caval tile piirpises oi {lru:.'i;le with I national guard 3 men of Ihe Iii " ralry soMiers i L This is not ; n-i-ll iiiloriiied i ; lludicil the adv j ind explained i ; lo his couiilryr . l)oe3 not his ai nnre u-cful and Jways iinccrtaii rnr by year, frr . hoii:rli!s of mine ' aaie efiiidilion liore gram than ronii'iil vent for : ■i he cidliire of gn i are, and the real I ^i» more prolital ; K land arable. ic iKT.^rverance loo 10 precept, he n his country ; b mil, hy libcralin iijtorting hor.ses 1 :)t only tor the lu •s of agriculture, firri's liook on c [iiivtTli'd into mer t the whole of hi' bud arable. If the advocate Berra would imitate hi' |>iT.5everancc of the senator Dandolo, ami join prac- ice 10 precept, he would confer a distinguished service n his rountry ; by getting a greater produce from the mil, by liberating the country from the obligation of d to be more geiieril ■ mporting horses from abroad, as it is now forced to do, ■' ' t only tor the luxury of the great, but for the neccssi- s of agriculture. In I^ombardy itself, as appears from ;.4orri's book on corn, 218,'jaO porches of arable were onverteil into meadow, in the country around Pavia and lii, from l(.i3 to 1768; at which, if I recollect right, erri, zealous for the cultivation of grain, expresses liis i;ret, without rca.son, in my opinion, for surely agrieul- inl, as well as manutaeturing, industry ought to follow ,J to second the vicissitudes of commerce and consump- n. If Loiiibardy can no longer find an advantageous It lor its corn, why not plant vines (where they will ■iv.>\ why not make artificial meadows, since there is ivari-ibly an annual balance of trade against it in wines id foreign cattle ? Eneland has, in all undertakings relating^ to mining, nal'ictiires, commerce, and agriculture, a considerable aiitagc over the other countries of Euro|ic, in the pc- liry a.s.-iistaiicc of the country banks. These, either nnrtgage, or simply on personal security, advance il.il for every sort of enterprise, in notes which circu- throughout their own county. There is hardly a or in England who takes an estate ou lease, who not assure himself beforehand, that, in case of de- loncy in his own funds, a neighbouring banker will \\A liiin with a loan, to be repaid when the fruits of iaiproveiiienLs are gathered. (Ine of tliesc banks le had at one time one million pounds sterling lent to tanners and tradesmen of a single county. It must 1k" llioiight, however, that Enghuid is El Uorado ; all c [wrtcntous sums are — paper. n English market or fair would not be a good sub. lor the picture of the Flemish school, like most of counlry inarkeLs in Italy. In vain would a painter for the capriciou.s dres-ses of tho Alpine woMen, (loscend to the market of Varallo, those little hats, lossly thrown on ; those car rings, those coral ncck- \ and bright gold buttons ; in vain would he look fur woui'.n of Fobello, their wild goats in their arms, I sii.irt iK'tticoats, and dresses of the most ii/mpathclic i|-< ill the world, white, red, and blue ; in vain would horned " ^^i^li to delineate the bacchanals of the fiiir of Imbcvera, I ' . , ^■juin|)ing,toolh(and.giim)-drawing quacks, the groups liun : the uihnlHlarj'J^B., ,,jl,l,'j.j„jj country topers about a barrel set abroach, Ivay of anmsemciit^J,;„gi„j,^ (|,o quarrelling, tho dancing of tha villagers Tin elegant hotncs^^" to the sound of the pipes. In vain would the poet, like a Loreiizci de .Medici, seek for a .'\Ieiieia da HarlHrino: — " And two such eyes she has — 'tis quite a fiast, When she uplil't litem anil toward you glances, And ill the midst, just to a hair l>ctween A lovely nose — ihe loveliest ever seen. It seems bored with a wimble at the least, And then, oh, how she dances ! She darts just like a gnat from clill to clift. And turns — no mill-wheel ever turn'.i so swift! And pops her hand into lier very shoe. And whin the dance is done, curtsies so free. And turns and makes a skip or two, — There's not a Florence dame could do't so well as she !" There is nothing of all this in England. The country pco|de arc; hardly distinguishable by their dresses from the inhabitiuits of cities, ilesides, in this most serious and formal country, every things proceeds with due gra- vity and order. If the election times bo excepted, when it appears as if the English people changed their nature, and bi^camc seized with a ixriodical frenzy; the English- man always even rebels, gets drunk, and kills himself, with an air of decorum. A greater silenec prevails at an English market thim in St. Peter's at lionie. Hut this noiseless scene presents to the eye of the philosopher a consoling s|H.'ctiiele : he sees those country folks who, on the continent, arc every where the laughing-stock of the inhabitants of cities, respected here as equals : he sees a population well shod and completely clothed, coming to provide objects of comfort for their tamilics; and sitting down, when the clock strikes tlic hour of one, to a gooettcr looking altogctlicr than other soldiers, tho belter to entice and deceive : — you SCO, I say, this recruiting party lidvanee into the guineas have sold their lives, — I know not wlielher to their country, their king, or their love of laziness. Their hats are decorated with silk ribands, exactly as they were wont, in ancient times, to garland the horns of the rams destined fiir saerifier. This simulated pomp, this lying merriment, brings to my mind the fistival that used to aeeompaiiy the viiw of chastity and perpetual imprisonment, pronoiineed by the young women who Ikv came nuns. And yet we wonder that the (lermaiis of old used tl) set their liberty on the cast of the die I .Mon- tesquieu proved that man has no right to sell himself. The English speak with horror of the slave trade : yet w'' i liu.erence is there between the African, who, cheated I di— r ed, sohl himself to a slave dealer (as was often 1 ic I •i"i , ami the man, who heateil with wine, and allured by 1 ilse promises, sells himself for a few guineas to a lying sergeant? I am pleased to find that, on this point, the divine Ariosto thought as I do: s|K'aking of the levy made by Charlemagne throughout his empire, he says; — "Non si Kcntivaallor questo romore," iKcc. " Not then was heard the sound so common now. Of iioLsy drums, parading round and round. Inviting all the boldest from (he plough. Or rather those of pates tho most unsound. For three crown pieces, or for less, to go. To where each moment brings a mortal wound. Yes, foolish will I rather call than bold, VVhoe'er so cheaply hath his lil'e-blood sold. " Honour should ever lie preferred to life. Hut nothing else but honour ever slinuhl ; Rather than lose thy honour, — in the strife. To lose a life, a thousand lives, were good ; Ilut who lays bare his breast to fortune's knife, F'or gold or abject gain, he, if he could But find a buyer, I to think incline Would chcaiicr than his own life, sell him mine!" Of late years, covered market places have been built in the principal towns ; for instance, liceds, Manchester, Liv- erpool, &.C., where, regularly arranged, and judiciously divided from each other, all the meat stalls m.iy be seen at a glance, ranged in one line, those offish in another, those of vegetables in a third, and so on. In the evening they are all lighted with gas till eleven o'clock, as bril- liantly as a theatre. Henri (inat.-e, the king of peasants and not of courtiers, would ha»-e shouted for joy to see these markets crowded with servant maids, and work- ing men's wives, neatly dressed, with nice little baskets on their arms, providing some good joint of beef and mutton, which makes its apjicarance, smoking hot and glorious, on the Sunday, and afterwards, diminished in size, but never disfigured, appears and disappears at meals for several days. I must here inform my coun- trymen (certainly to their supreme amazement) that there is no set price in England for meat : each part of the ox has a different and arbitrary price, according to its quality. The finer parts, the rump steak and tho roast beef (del rmnpstake, del rosthccf,) have the highest value set upon them, the other parts a lower, and the coarse pieces a very low price. In many and many of the |)opulous towns, for example in Manchester, there is no assize of bread ; yet this does not occasion frauds or disputes. In Lomlon every joint of meat has its prico fixed on it, — the same with bread. Hut how is it that monopoly docs not come into play? Because there is liberty. Vcrri said, " I venture to predict that the time will come, when no set price will bo fixed on any com- modity, and the number of sellers will no longer bo limited, when every one will be freely permitted to bako bread, and to sell it ; when meat, butter, &c. will be sold at the price freely offered and taken." This prophecy has not yet come to pass in Iiombarily, and jicrhaps never will until the year !2210, that Mercia dreamt of! The market in manufaeturing towns !■« held on the " Saturday. About five in the afternoon, all the factories stop work, and the men soon after receive their wages. Then an enormous crowd begins lo pour into the streets, and invade the markets and the public houses, — all, howcvcr,in mostordcrly disorder,withoutany quarrelling, fighting, or uproar. It is a torrent of wants and passions, bursting fortli after a six days' imprisonment, and over- flcnving its banks on all sides, yet without doing any mischief. Th.^se workmen are like sailors, when tlioy » get on shore after a long voyage. Who would believe that in England there ia a. market for men and women ? Not indeed a market like those of Smyrna and Constantinople, but, — I shall explain myself better by giving a description. On tho 23d of tudc, two or three young men, \Wio for three or foiu >:? thickciit of the market, to show, in triumph to Uio miilti- ^NoTomher, it is an old custom in some counties to hold a fair for sen-ants. All tho farm servants, male and 142 THE ITALIAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. ^. 4-:. ■ \^f,.iii. '• ».' ! foiiinio, who have Immmi iliscliiir^cd, bitako tlioinsi'hvs on this iinportaiit day to soiiu; o|)i'ii s|)ii(H' in tlic ciiiinly town. Ui;tli men nnil women arc ilrisscd in tluir Im'sI clotlics, in order to ajipear to tlic greatest advantage. Tliey range themselves in two lines, exaetly like horses at a lair : langhter anil good Ininioiir tinge the glow ol' health in their cheeks slill deeper than hefore. The farmers who are in w.mt of fresh s<'rvants eoini' hither, walk down between the tiles, observe well tVoin top to too, e.vaniino and seleet : every servant has his or her certificate of good character, or would not easily find eni- ploynient. Although the first idea awakened by such a market ns this is one of shivery, or at le.ist of hniiian degrada- tion, the custom itself has notiiiiig of the kind about it. All the servants go readily and gaily to the statute, for at this time, that is, in pas.sing from one master to another, they are aeeustomed to enjoy a lew days' rest and htilidav at their own lionu's ; to expros myself classically, I should say that now they have their Saturnalia. I always saw tlioiii merry and without the slightest air of titiromised ii roiiipensation for the riiiid silence tliiil slageeoaeh pas- urngers observe ; on one shelf were brushes, that a spot less purity iiiighl he pnserviil,— on iinolhi r a book ol religious morals, and writing inalerials, i li an and nil Hlained. 1 rested myself al my ease, ga/.ing at llie en- gravings of thirty or I'urly years old, which, iinlMippy clveB 1 from great cities ami elegant apartiiienls, gene- rally descend in their latter days lo embellish Ihe limn. hie dwellings of some rilRlic village. My repose was not in Ihe least distiirliid by Ihosiinliospilable oilers the laiiillords make every moinrnt in Italy, by Way of gel- ling otV their olil stale provisions ; seasniieil with pane- gyrics jnst about as true as pani'gyrics usually are. I rang the bell when it plea.sed ims — a st'rvant girl in- stantly appeared ; I ordered breakfast — lireaktiist in- stantly apiK'ared : 1 rang again when I had done, and the girl again appeared : 1 ordered her to clear away, and every thing vanished ill the twinkling of an eye; Ihe whole was done by a few magic monosyllables. I'.leven o'clock struck ; it Wius the hour appointed liir the lesson: in Kngland, time is all distributed, — thiu-c is no i/ifi/^'iH, pnnctnality is more than a duly. Even I, therefore, i\\act us the ehiireli clock, entered at the in- .stant the garden in lioiil of the clergyman'a house, fill- ed with sliiubs and flowers, with pathways iinsoiled by the smallest litter, thick-planled with shady trees in iVont, not so imieli to protect the house tVoni the sun and wind, as lo screen it from the impertinent gaze of Ihe passengers. In this country, moilesly every where holds dominion; neithir houses nor inhabilants ihrnst them- selves forward with that boldness and i nnfidenee wliicdi seem natural lo Italians and llalian iluillings, the latter of a glaring white, and on Ihe very verge of the public road. .Ml was i]iiiel, as in the hour of the siesta in Spain, but in l.'jiglish tiimilies it is not .Morpheus that reigns, but his brother deity, llarpocrates, the god of silence : they go up and down stairs as noiselessly as ghosts could do, if there were any. !f it be true that silciu'c is n eontra-stiuiiiliis, depressing Ihe spirits and Ihe teiu- |K'rameiit, I am inclined lo lnhevc that this may be oni' of the causes why the passions are weak and compress- ed ill ICiigland. — I knocked at the door with a rat-tat-tat, to give Ihe servants lo under.stand that 1 was a visiter, and iiol some working man or tradesman, who may notaii- iionnce Ihemselves otherwise than by a gentle single knock. .\ tiiotman in velvet breeches, with white cotton stock- ings (not ciocked however), oiHiicd the door, and show- ed me the way lo the dining room, leaving iiie there by myself, while he went to aimounco iiie lo Ihe master of the house. A tire lit for an antu-tln-fc should in the irrate, — every thing was in its place, as if there were go. iiigto be a general review. A japanned basket, painlcd t'reeii, 1 ly in front of one iifthe long windows, full of gera- niums in bloom, grown in Ihe hot-house, surroimded by si'veral other lillle vases of beautiful flowers, brought also from Iheiiee in turn to adorn li ' room dedicated to Ihe reeeplion oi'visilers. Af1er a fi'W riiinnles' pause, behold the [{everend eptering the room with an all'able smile. I had no diflicnity in discovc ring that the niasler of the house stood bcfiire me, having seen a portrait of liiiu hanging trom one of the walls, exlrime- ly like. " Heaulifiil wcafhiT, very line day" (ultliougli it had rained two or three times in the morning), this eternal daily ceremony of ICnglaiid, was the exonliiiin. The Uev. was a man of about fiirly-live years of age, in florid health. The li licity of his eoiidition was painted on his elieerliil and vivacious counlenanee ; his llirehead was not darkened by any of those wrinkles or clouds which are imprinted tin re eillier by niisfortiine or assiduous study. His while teeth and his good hiinionr showed llial his digestion was also good. 1 aOerwards learned, that the secret of all this, his elixir of life, and liiiintain of perpetual yoiilli, was the exercise he look in fox-lmnliiig, shooting, and fishing, with a seipiel and ap- jicndix of i;ooil dinners and good wines. His coal, made in the fashion of the English riiling-eoal, was of velvet, a stuff wliii'li I'xciles in all, li'oiii king lo mule- teei, more respect ihaii iinv other. Ivveepl this, Iheie was not the iiiosi remote iiulieuliou of his |irolessioii about hi * *' I iniMI riMMidn ilieii In iiiv rriu« wliliniit lir>lnii nhlr In lli.il fiiiv niuM In riiiii'iiilM'i in> Kervlrm, or thltil, im- u'lKiijinr an>tli iiu Hill li In liii|HisMililr lliiil I ran if.i MM liiau, lirraiiM' I inn ilallv tir.iu Inn iHinrir. .iinl I iri-, iliiii li llml il.u « iinl hli.ov Imiiihi'Ii mi'Ti luviMiriil'li' III nil', I olnill III' liiH'i'il lit Itiinake inv Imiipi', iinil tiin lltVwM' liir a Iriirln'r nr ch/rk tii siiini' ninnlhthili'. Mini i' I i nii iln n< olln rivWi', nr I'ltiiililliili iiiyiicir In hiiiiii' ri'iiini rtiii ni ilie Itinil ■ml Irmli rlitliliiiiiii M "III mill urlte, li'ii\iii|iin\ |iaii> In r.' In lie llfive Nir ilenil." Ho \\ role ltil"uri'iit niiilifiiuJ Italinn in I'rniirlH'i Vvltorl, nn Hill >l Aniim-I, I.M I .\ few moliii Ills aOerwards entered the w if'c of Iln Kev. — - — , who, wilhoiil slirrim; (iiuo the lire, when he was now slandiiiLr, w illi his back towards it in the eon tineiilal mode, iiilimaled lo me that I saw the l.idy of the lioiise. While I, with my riding whip in my hand, Iwistini; myself like a I'm iieli daneingniasti T, bending my 111 III a little on one side, and drawing my lips toge- llier, iiiiilli red a eomplimenl in I'leneh, llavoiired with the iniiiil charine and i nchaiite, Mrs. — — — , with a colli re{H'lliiig mien, and an indilVercnl air, look her way Inwards the lire. place, tiirniin.; her head ineaiiw bile to- wards me. She was tail, well made, and, wilhoiit being liailghly, showed an esteem liir herself which was cer- laiiily merlled. I was told lli.it she had liieii a very beantiful wiiiiiiiii,iinil this lime I found that the lii'i|iieiil I'higlisli CMiggenilions on Ihe JMailtiliil and Ihe woiiiler- tiil did mil far rxeeed Ihe Iriitli. Alter a few iiioiinnls she lell us, Biid went up stairs lo warn her dniighterH In lia\e every thing in readiness. IMcantiine, the Uiv. 1 made n digrcHsiiiii to me on llm aiiclenl liislo- rlaii*, gave me lo iinderitand that lie was roiuieclcd by frii'iidiiliip with liord llyron, mked ini- to nlny tnilinncr Mid paiil iiie a Ihoiisand other civilities. I peiciiv,,! from this cheekered discourse, that he was' fiiniiij,,. with Ihe higher classes, that he was rich, and lli;,i, i, ,. cially when the inilkwiiilf liiiiid of the first of these iim scls (Ihe very hand ilescrilied by Arioslo) liilloweil «iii Ihe tiiiger the lines of the book. Now, nil the tieklw allusions to which tlio grammntical lerminalioiis ^w- rise in llalian coining to my mind, 1 was ready In Imri with laughter when if fell to me tos|H'ak of the prelirii iSic. The hands of the I'liiglisli and Irish ladies nn s beautiful, that Ossiaii often apostrophises the Irish iiri dens IIS " the while hands of ■•'.rin." It is a pitv lii: n this country kissing of hands is not the liishion. Tl- llaliaiiH ollen call their beloved " heaiitifiil eyes nl nn lappiness ;" Ifui French might apostroiiliiso theirs nil: ' dearly bi'lovcd f! et." In Ihe most indilferent mailers, and even in liiiiiiin >f less than n lislial blood, priniogeiiltiire is alwayMi ^peeled ; ini fair pupils, tliereliire, ulways eniiii' r tlieir lessons in the order of age. When tlu' lr«s«' were ended, we descended lo the diiiiiig-n)oni, wluni most noble linirliiiDi (a siibslaiitial rifectiou l«l«i'i bnakfiisf and ilinncr) was prepared. The lady iil'i«| house repeali'dly ofl'ered me some cidd beef, sunn la* milk, custards, \e., but as there is no pleasiin' in n' past not seasoned with infiinale liiindship, and inula > I'll nierrimenl, I declined, iiiiil letiirned to Iln i W Idle my horse was being saddled, I last a i;l.iiin i Ihe village eliiir h, an aneieiil slriieliire, and in ll{l|lll^| anee older slill, i'liin the (Jolhie fiiriil in wliirliL'i ehmebes of the ;\iiglieaii tebuioii are aliiiosi iiiiilinia built, and alter neii\iiig a bow Iroiii Ihe Iniiillnnl, ll< seemed to smack of ii'iidal Missalage, put spins Ini; liiirse, and m I nlViil a galloplhroiigh thi'solilatv rniinia This family, whidi I have described wilb Diifli full lily and iniiiiileinss, — tliisliiiiiily,ofn coldand ri'MiM dcmciinonr, under wbieli, however, in Fngliilid a « iinil atVeelionale heart is olten hidden,- In Iniign In class of gentry which has all the limiry and nlinm of the opulent nobility, witlnnil their vices anil ili 'i WhiH'M'r wishes to Income neipiaintcil with an nl lion slill mon' nlinril, and in n higher grinlc it' landed iiristoiraey, approni liiiig lo liifih lijr, niiiiil lol>< me ill anollii r narration. si',tii'i';i,. I was .". visit in (lehl to a widow lady, mnllnrnfl' liciiiitiltil girls, Ihniugh nn invilnlloii lo dinnn I li'ul'j ceivud. 'I'll at llie foot ( approached meadows Tlie lioiise it heal ; it is n iiinl useless liir an I'aigl hills, irreguk space that ca mystery of tl the flocks fe " Here reigns young ladies eoiirtcoiis, w flowing hair- Wliose large Might shake Almost every groom, on exc are fioiiiilinies when, at Idyi and file cry of getlier, and llic ditch, scour tl iiave passsed l\ with entliiisia French, and si harp, drawing lillle llower gi divide the time and the aniuial 1 had selected i ing Ihe family i regard to the \ garilon bcfori- I on the point of wi'Iroiiied with miitliir was in t lor, who is also tlii-s 1 Willi tlini au (lisrtj)iiir, itti tiirc we practise liy w'liy of consul at lioiiic, and wo inaliiiii nealled i liir the good fort a stride the piece kiiiick and n'.kiu till' disir, and inv As I had always kit hand, I did i liTi'd another ro rniiie in, and con invii nioiii, her p 111 re lo nlleel llm yn iiig woman, a trace of iiclimis, lliiy pa-ss ; that I ii|Kiii nil.' by the li ^ at other ".Mono wo w Iflial nn guardian, luf Hie lles|K'rides, jliaii' d.inil to elite |iii"iii'il by the bell lln'iiilif'ursilk sotli III"' ililiiiiiey ;— VI I lilali'd W'ord.H, li'iiilMriasHiiient Ih Jill llaly, then) Ih' lnlMiind eoiiversat l«illi smiles and nn ll'ii'liins, the last 111 rli'fliil and iiievitui lilvrnii, piis,,.,| „„,, m»y limes ili.l tin I'lii "f Iler own vil |iiwliH«, o||;-r me si M"V»ilf, and many ^I'll". Wewen.'l, fliip. ttliii h she hai rK Willi a border I'' lour was gree flliiliium Unit (• Plllll'lll'si., wilhoiii liiiurt'il hnr Is'auly j V"li'r«lainl tin, i,||; i">m hiiiiiielfr— 1 TUP. ITALIAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. 143 itii'B. I pciC'dMi! t ho Wiiti lliiiuliii: rirli, ami i}\\A,n PCll il\ tllC l-'llissir,, f armorial bcarin;, ic, lio plinrtly allii rs, nml In' liiiii-i I'milltl 111"' lllilWI!!; Ulllcs, with II I ii!K, diolara Wfrv st;n,i: (I anil niiiili'sl lln;. iMit slitl" nil IIh' 1: 1 iijT lady ol'niiu'liir, ruiii'lto coiiiplixi(.r,, ! wliilr mill n;.M:lv n KniflamI, iiiiiii:' mile was swcrl, ,!r( ii[ri'lk'0-ltaliaii. S., Saiiit-l'rruv. Ti- 110, w:'ll made, Ml cyt'lirows, amliu. apiiroacliiiif; In m, (•pliyr, — she was i:; ■ litcil, she Kci'iiHil Is lan lu'r cliKr siMir. r a liltU' It'Ns IhmiB; irrtty, liUi' liir il':i; H, wliioli sill.' llimi reailiiilTi "ow nl In; (wcr me Hoimlliint 'pt on workiiii;, l:;!t lue one of her (iau;!,- rest, inul aii»ttiri;i: n wiiiit llicy kiirw : n their eyes, ami a lises. The I'ael wiv ■ \v l'"reiicli exeiTihii; lulonr showed iiu (a ijT iMelnstasio, wlmr s situation, nr I iin >w I seemed to iii\«, to dissertate on an; eiiied to lake the |tt' ;|)er of Seville," I ^|. the first of thesi' i riosto) I'.illoVMci «iB Now, all the til 111'- ical leriiiiiialiuiisc.i lii,t. I was real! ly to ■ak ol'the prelinl. I Irish ladies iin s iiphises the Irish nit " It is a pilv tl.i; (it the liishioii. Il-' lliiautit'ill eyes 111 iw listrophisc theim mcl and even in rniiiiw| enitnre is alwavMi- lire s eaiiic a I way SV hen "the In ceived. Tiiis lady's villa is situated in a delieioiis spot, at (lie Tool of a hill crowned liy an old and iioMe woiid, anproached by a wiiidinjr, K^nWy slopiii^r path aen.ss meadows and plantations within the i.aine enclosure. The liouse is protected Iroin the wind, and Iroin excessive heat; it is not larjfe, in eoniparisoii with the iiiiiiieiise mid useless Italian palaces, hnt is Bullieiently spacious liir an Kii!,'lisli ^'""i '""' enjoys a view of araiifre of hills, irreirular in foriu, clad with trees, and within the Biuce that can be taken in by the eye. The eniet, the iiiystery of the iiei(,'hbouriii{r wood, the song of the birds, the flocks fcediiiff in the meadows, all sieiii to say, "Here rein[us love!" What then if 1 add that the two yimiig ladies of the mansion are beautil'iil, {rraecful, and "courteous, with rosy cheeks, and copious rin^rlets of flowing' hair— " Whose large blue eyes, fair locks and snowy hands," Jliijli' skake the saintship of an anchorite .'' — Hijrun, Almost every day 'lid they ridi^ out alone with their irrniini, on excursions over the neifjlibonring eouiitry, and are soim limes present for a few moments at a fbxehase, when, at Uiynard's first breakiiifr cover, the shrill horn ami the ery of a Inmdrid pantinij hounds are heard to- petlier, and the red-coated horsemen, leapiiifj hedge and ditch, scour the country at a headloiiK gallop. They have passsed two or three months at I'aris, speak of it with enthusiasm, and arc eager to return. Tliey speak French, and stammer a little Italian. The piano, the harp, drawing, light reading, the conservatory, .-iiul a little llower garden cultivated with their own hands, divide the time that riding, visiting, halls, invitations, imd the annual two months' visit to London, leave tliein 1 iiail selected a rainy day, that I might he sure of find- ing the tiiuiily at home; but the Knglish ladies pay little regard to the weather. I had not got half across the (.'anion helhre I perceived the carriage, which was just on the point of setting out. I approach tlie door, — I am welo.iiued with a courtesy more than polite. The motlii r was in the coach, along with the younger daugh- ter, who is also the liandsiimer of the two. On seeing this I went through a thousand unties, prot'cssed myself au (/I'SC'/i'iir, i'(»o/<', &c., and gave in to all the carieii tare we practise on the continent. The graceful V by way of consoling me, informed inc that her sister was at Inline, and would Iki very glad to see me. This inti- Illation recalled me to life. I should never have looked tiir the good forlune of such a passport; — I devoured at a stride the piece of road between ine and the house, 1 knock and re-knock impatiently. A niaid servant opens till' iliHir, and invites me to walk into a room on the right As I linil always seen the luisticss of the house on thi k'll liaiiil, I did not imderstuml her directions, and en tired aiiuther room; hut the lirantiliil i'. nmm rniiio in, and courteously saluting me, invited me to her uww nioiu, her piiiliiiii: S vere Italian matrons ought lure III relleet that the eollmpiy was between a beanlifiil yii ing woman, and a wandering exile, who leaves im trace of actions, as ollieial (Hrsoiis must do wheicMr llioy pass; that I had not concealed the impression mad u|Kiii me by the lively and sparkling eyes of the lieautiful 1' at other tiniCH ; that in the room — lliniiig-room, 111 refeeliiin A'hiti 1 biUiH' ".Mono wc were, and all willKuit siispie on;" ,1. The hilly "I'li'l leolll lie> r, siillli Thrl MO I ulsbi) ilcasnre in a'' 1 Ulllll" I, aiii: iliiriied to till I il. st a ui.iii' eturi', ami in "I'l"' fiirm in wlmhl' lire aluiosl iiiiir.ini ,1 the lalidliiril 1! e, put spill-' I" " I ihesiilitai\ I'i'iiii" rrilieil wi'b l'"f" ,iifa eoUliiiiilii^'"' in Knglaiiil a «■' den. lieliiiii;" 1" and nliii'i ,1,1.' rir vices mil nied with an > je .il « lliiglier griiil hah hjr, niu»t t'M My, in iihir.'riH In to dinni'i I liaiii llliut no guardian, no aulhorised Cerberus of that garden luf the llis|Mrides, was in the house, thai no one woiibl Iliavo dirrd to enter that aniicliim Hiiiirlnnim iiiiIish siiiii- I lid by the hell, lliiit a good lire was burning, lliiit ii IlKiiilifiil silk solii lec.'iviii an exciting warmlli I'roin jllii' ilniiiney ;— yet, iiisleiid of the downcast eyes, the lliiiililali'il words, the hmiiing blushes ni the line, the leiiilianassiinnl that would aeeompaiiy such a siliialion ■ill llaly, tliere iH'gaii Is Uveni us ii i heerfiil iind iinre- iHlnnud louversatiun, with frank iiiiil sparkling eyi s, Iwilli smiles anil nierrimiiit. Hunting, the cxhihilioii of l|iii'liires, the last new novel, the Parisian opera, ami the lliniil and iiievitable subject of Ihi' Kiiglish ladies, l.onl lllvniii, pasMil away two hours lime very pleasaritlv. liny limes did the prohlhilcd fViiil (guarded by tin ,lra- "11 "f hiT own virtue and modesty,) I mean my lovely li.wlns, nll'er me something with win. h I might' n I'resli [iiiysiir, and many limoB also euliie mo to n'lMat my I'll.-. We were talking beliire a |Hirtrait of his loril. Iii|i, whii h she had copied, .'^bv was drexsed in green >ilk, Willi II border of yellow ribiiiiil ; niv mention thai pill' inl.iiir Has green, will i>|>iiro me the tioubleof lelliiig lll|iliini» lluit «' had a ciimpb'vion of iwrliil iiliiliii,.i.», wilhoul which n green dress woulil have ijiiri'd her Is'auly ; Init where is llio Indv who il.ies not H.ntnml the elUiel nf colour In dress Isiter than Miim hlmnelfr— I „nlly lyem; but I draw myself back, — not so iinieli because the higher classes almost every where have a strong resemblanee to each other, and model themselves on the same code of caprice, etiipiette, prejuiliee, and notliingness, as beeaiLsi' my object is rather to ilisplay the base of the national pyramid tlian the apex. This is the error reprobated in several inoderu historians, who have given us merely the history of kings and courls, as if a nation consisted only of a monareh and a few Ininihed nohlemeii, and all the rest were only an annnynioiis sometliing not worthy of a glance: the same error, I repeat, may he iiiipiiled to many modern travellers, who, instead of becoming ae ipiaiiited with a nation, are contentcil with knowing i few individuals. Kesides, whoever wishes to know tin manners ol'the higher classes, may consult truer anil bet ter painters than I am; such as I'ope, in " The liapc ol the Iioek;" Iiord llyroii, in " Don .luan;" the tiishionabli nesvspaper, "The .Morning I'list;" and, above all, tin novel under the title of " Almaek's:" Ibis spirited novel is a magic lanlern of the iiiosi ridiculous characters in the liishionable world, paiiiled in the liveliest eidoiirs Tho author is a sort of l>evil-on-two-stieks, who lays ban all the cabals and littlenesses of the earthly demigoils. ISill if the author should he a lady, as I have some siispi- I ion, I beg to witlidr.iw the I'ompaiison of (he Devil two-sticks, and to say, that she is an angel who writes like an angel: Tin: IlKTItDTIIKI). I was Ihiiikiiig of dediealiiig this eliaptcr to the eavii- liei i serventi, t.i the elrinally hv-li rieal, to the (yraids of fnmilii N, and In (hose motheis w li.i belicM' that a ghiiiee eoiilamlnates their danglii.rs, anil who, anxious to dis- pose of their wares, aspire onlv to get their daughters once fairly I'lar'-ii'd, whoever (he hiislianil, whither all idiot, a baboon, or a worn nut liherliiie; but I have since relleeli d that it is lieKer (ii be tolenint, and let everv one live oil ill his way. Miss K was n young lady of niiieteeu, tall, hanil- sonie, good iiiaimeied, lively, without being too gav or iniperdneiil, nl' n I'air eoinplexion, willi a soli and siili- dui d but not a I iiigiiishiiig look, and large ringlets of line dark brown hair; sin li a one, in short, as would Ih' highly ailiiiind by the doiihle (lie of young men helweeii wlileli the tlilr tlali.iiis have to pass when they go to the :healre ol l.a Seiili lit Milan, (In a visit she was paying III n family of her ai'i| i.iintaiiee, at a good liundred iiiili s distiiiiee iVoiii the eiiy she lesided in, she captivated a young mail of (he fiiuily. lie asked her in marriage, and obtained the cuiseiit of the young lady anil hi T reliitioiis; but an the gentleman was not vet well adviinceil in his prolessiou, that of a barrister, it was agmil to deiir the eeremony liir two years In the mean time, the Islrolhed huHband came every now and then to visit his allianeed wife, was wi leiinii'il by all the tlimlly with a more tinin friendly wiirmlh, anil lisikeil uihiu iinil treated by her frieiiih as tin future Imsbainl of the young lailv. Thus the two belrolhed, instead of gning to (be allar blindliild, had an opportunity (and an enviable p.itlenee) to sdiiiy each other's character, to aeeiistoni (li.iiiselveslo mutual respect in the presence of olliers, and to enrnet whatever Ideniishes they might tinil they hail. To draw slill closer the bonds of aci|iiaiiitaiiee and IVIeudship between the two t'ainilles, a sister of the hnsband staid for several months at the home of bis intended witi', rather as a rela- tion than a friend; thus, instead of having .lUe day a censo- rious sister-ill-law, the liriik' was aeipiiriiig for herself a friend in her new tiimily, a bridi maid for her nuptials, and, from the gratilnde that n friendly hospitality pro- duces, a supporter and ilelinder on every oeeiision. This young lady, who was known to ine before tho contract of marriage, did not alter in the bast her man- ners or behaviour lowaids me. She was olleii beforehand In inviting me to take a walk with her as a gii*'st, and I had some (imes (he honour of giving her mv arm. (Iiir walks was always a /V/iYiir/iesr/iir one, — nil solilarv banks, — amid deserted fields, as the I'lnglish taste will have il. Two or three times she came lo pay nie a visit at my own home, — aecoinpanied, however, by a dear lively little sister of hers, .s^lie entered gaily", chatteil goiui liiiiuouredly, and soon unfolded the ob|eel of her visit, — generafly a polite invitation lo dinmr or tea : siieli visits are in Ibis country neither an irregularity nor a phenomenon. Only be a bachelor, and young (but ind iiconlious, at least openly), — and if you tiill ill, you will have the visits of all the married and inarriagealde ladies of your acipiaintanee. .More than all this, — she knew that my linen was ne- glected, — being that of an orphan, ihsliiiite of country, mil wandering over the face of the earth, — and she ill'ered, and with geiille violence took upun In rself to set every tiling to rights: then, with the same care and at- lention which a tender wife or a lovesick damsel would show in latitude 11, she inended up my laeeralid iipiip- iiients, and marked my name on my handkerchiel's aii'l shirts. If, ill latitude 1 1, a young woman had only knit- led a purse for luc, my bliml vanity would have made nic believe that purse containid her heart. Ihit the heart of .'Miss K was alrciily given to aiiolhi r, and she would Inive died a thousaiiil deaths rather than be giiiltv of all Indiscretion of that vort. The saeiid promise she hail given, did not, however, forbid her from being, according lo the hiiidablc eiisdnii of her nation, kind and eoiH'leonM to ine and others. She had a way of always making ap. propriate and tasteful presents. When I sil out for (ireece, she presented me with a handsome edition ol" liord Itynm's "Cliihle Harold," and, when I ri turned, it having transpired that, in my new lodging, I had in ither paper nor an inkstand, she stole into my study whin I was from home, with a cousin, who was her ai'iomplieo in the magic freak, and set upon my table all elegant portfolio, all inkstand, and some very line writing paper: allerwards, to conceal her generous gill, she preteinleil that it iiiiisl have lieeii eontirred upon me by two of those fiiiries who for so many ages liavi- lived ill I'lng- lanil, and ilaneed at night m (he woods and on the green sward, i, (and any body born under a burning siin,i I, who in llaly, or in l''rani'e, should have eoiieiivid the hope of a culpable love from any single kind ubiliee thai a gill might let tiill upon me, — have never Inul the slightest iinbeeoming llioiigbt of that young liiily, on the word of a man of hoiioiir. iNo ! liir dilVeniit is the elVect ot' the eonlideliee placed ill the man, ami of the coii'-eioUsiieKN of virtue ill (he lady. — I'romiMsof mariiage long before their celebration are here of freipiint i.ecmreiiee in the iiiiddl.' classes: il' ever the young man breaks his word, (he relations of the yiiiiii.; woman liiing him In fore the tribunals, and. unless he can |iisti('v his i b., ge nf minil, he is eoliileiiiiieil lo pay a line pr.iporlioned lo bis eir- 1 iliiislaiiees ; ' < me of tbeiii as liigti as live and evi ii leu thousand piniiiils slerlliig. I( is true that this sysd in may favour the pi Tliilloiis ftiiares of a l.ovelnce; hut how few liovelaees are to be liariil, when the siili*iliietioli of a eapiiee tiiiist cost so inni h lime, so many plots, so many liilKclnHids and dangers! I In lieve most v onng men would rather make the lour of the world on ii>ot,tliaii gii throu'.'b all the Irinihle of Itiehardson's libi rtiiie in ro (u obt^iin a Clarissa by Ireai Inry. Ili sides, be who lietrav a young female in Knuhind is v>si(id with (he piibile iililiorri nee (o sin li a di gree, (bill Mr. Wakefield, who endeavoured to deceive .Miss Turner, was more di tcKled on all lianils lliiin if ho Inul assaHsiiialid (ieorge the I'oiirth. I will relate nnnlhrr inslnnreorthU InMnrciil lilirrty.— A young Sioteli ladv, large, well made, rohnsi as tho heriM's of tishian, with rosy cheeks, as tVe«li lis honey, had rome iVom l''.dinbiirgli, n distance of two himdred miles, in order to weary herself by way of niiikiiig less ii: ii \ \. \\ \\ ,',■■'!■ I it' 1? f'. , , •\T' '4 ■ dfMM ; !■ ■■■ii i! /■•■i !''>s1 ,'i 'ti '■ ■;< r. -.'-i ^i *.> 144 THE ITALIAN KXILE IN ENGLAND. ^v^!3 'IT' J?" ■r>t :;■!' "■ 1(1: wciirisonie t)ic life of an ttijed praiidniotlier, wlio resided alone, in a lone house, in the lonely town of 'I'liilcaster. 'i'o a Spaiiisli or Italian woninn this house would have been a loinh ; she would have llioujrlit herself buried alive ; the sacrifice she was making to relationship would have made a jrreat noise among her friends, and the two months would have seemed to her two ages. 'I'he Scot- tish lady, on the contrary, discliargcd her pious duty with the most unalFecled cheerfulness. I paid her two visits, both unexpected ; and found her, on both occasions, fully attired, and with her hair dressed, as if she had been going to receive the visits of an envious rival. Tiiis, and many other examples, have convinced nic that the English do not dress so nuicli (or others as for them- selves, — and hence they arc alw.iys well dressed. There are generally no large mirrors in their rooms, so that they have not even the sweet gratification of stenhng a furtive glance at their own rellection, when |)assing be- fore it on any pretext, or none. Tlicrc are no balconies; no custom of putting the head out of window, to sec what weather it is, and who is going by ; and in tlic streets there are neither imp<:rtinent8 nor ciciabeos. John Bull works, gets on in tlio world, and amasses money; and then he gets married, without any niaiia-u- vrcH of handkerchiefs, windows ajar, and telegraphic signals. I generally found my heroine at her little tabic, read- ing or writing, — the desk, inkalead, paper, pens, .ill of a shining neatness; the books well bound and well printed, and still better written. 'l"he young ladies in Kngland, as there is uo embarrassment in conversation, arc in the liabit of seeii.g company, and tliiir reading supplies them with interesting themes of conversation: our mutual friends, literature, and the ditVerences of manners, were the subjects wo usually talked of. There are few thieves among servants in proportion to their nmulters: they are cheeked by the confidence jilaced in them : so even Marshal Uichelieu would have acted with strict propriety in our tele-a-tete ; yet probably a man of spirit, a enncpieror, a Tamerlane of the fair sex, like Uichelieu, would have renounced the eoniiuest, fron ii.-, '.'ili.y, if I he had invited fim, as she did me, to tiii .. '■ "ith her along thu bank of the river, near the ,in alnmst solitary i)ath, leading to a knoll • > uli venerable oaks, and embowered with tliii . ,ify bushes ; yet the mar(]Uis woidd have been Ui'ceived ; he would have despised, us detineeless, u fortress worthy of Vauban hijnseltl We passed near the remains of an nnei'iit camp, where the mounds of earth by which the Roman legions were protected were still visible. She aetvd as my cice- rone; and, by a great stretch of courtesy, talked to me IIS if tile anci'jiit Itoinans had Ik-cii the ancestors of the modern Italians; and 1, in return, talked to her of Sir Waller Scott as if he were the Scollish Arioilo. The conversation never laiiguisheil ; and look my attention HO entirely, that I should have passed a fine eoiintry house on the opposite bank of the river without noticing it, had she not pointed it out to me. When we returned to the housi- dinner was ready, and she invited me to take refreHlmienl. The grandmother was still invisible, iM'ing confined to her chamber by a cold. When dinner was over, at an inclination of her lieiid, which ia the signal lor a loasl, wi^ drank together a glass of win(^ (■oin|Mised of I'xtrai I of tlowrrs, sugar, and a litlli^ brandy ; it is called " llrilish wine," an agreeable bi'verage, which young ladies are |Krinilted to drink. She Iheii showed me Hold de Falier's eidleeljoii of Spanish niinaiiees and |HMtry. She linil nlreaily ciliservid to me that religion was the ((iniliirl of the Kiiiil.niul the liappini ss of families; iilie pointed out to me, therefore, some religious odes of 1*11111' lie l.ron, llivoiiriles with her, and truly siilillme. She null!.' me rend a |«irtion of the oile on Holy Solitude (Siiiilii Siilrilad), in which the passages most iK'sutiliil, Mild most congenial to the sentiments of hi r soul, were already marked with a jMiieil. It was now high lime In lake leave, aller a i Isil of four lioiirR, wliii h hiid passed as swirtly MS the happiest lioiirs of line. I rode buck the ten mili'H I had i ome, nt a gallop, not ilisonliTcd, but tniiiipiilllsed with a pleiisure resembling that rx|H'rieneed nt the sight of H line pirture nf roiir'sin, tilled witli Ikli3ity of their food, tlie climate, compelling them to live in-doors, the silence that reigns within and without their homes, their long residences in the country, all tend to soften or set to sleep their passions. \Vhilc the latter, animated by the continual sight of the world, stiinulatcd by a thousand objects, now treated tyraimi- cally, now ovcr-carcsscd, and then nnrcasonably contra- dicted, carried to the theatres and crowded streets, seem educated to give vent to their passions, brought up only to be haughty and spirited. Hence they arc impassioned, greedy of distinction, made more lieautiftil by the very desire of pleasing, but tormented with a restless rivalry; unhappy themselves, they too often make all around them so. A true and excellent comparison of the Eng- lish women and the Italian may be foniid in the "('o. rinna" of Madame dc Stael. (^oriima, all fancy, all ini- pulse, all love of glory, rll passion, was unhappy, and would have made her English lover unhappy, had she mau'ied him. laicia, instead, all good sense, sweetness, mo«lesty, and filial ali'ection, was happy in her obscurity, and promised happiness to her husband. Lucia, aller s|K'nding two hours of the morning in painting a teau- til'ul rose, satisfied and contented, shuts it up in her |)ort- folio : C'orinna is dissatisfied and discontenled with her talent, unless she declaims a hymn, and receives thunders of applause from thousands ol auditors. Instead of producing cxtem|)ore poetesses, such as the IJandettinis, the Mazzcis, and the Corillas, is it not better to prod.iec afiectionatc wives and sensible mothers of families ? Is not the picture of a happy family (I'amcla with her children) more touching than that of the eoro- nation of Oorinna in the capitol 7 Italy lioasts Nina, Senti, Slainpa, Julia Araijonn, and many other modern imi>rmisaliiei; but would it not have tended more to the happiness of its families to have had such women as Miss Edgeworth, Miss Aikin, nnd Mrs. Hamilton, who have written works for the education of children ? Is it better to enjoy a brief youth of tumultuary pleasures, or an en- tire lite fiill of sweet aireelions ; the first like a torrent that dashes triumphantly over the rocks for a space, and then haves its bed dry and arid ; the second like a river that flows lietween humble banks, but tloWH for ever. 'I'o this prcaehifying of mine, a witty Frenchwo- man would reply, that she preferred a life rimtie et hntiiie (short and good, that is brilliant) — o sober Englishwoman would wish it Inns /i/ m»ii/>. Ah their youth is not a atnto nf slavery, n» In nibor countries, mid they enjoy, when msmiigenlde, n liberly i<( rliuict', il linp|Mn« tlint they are not at all anxious to shake off the iiiiitirii; yoke, to burden themselves with that of a biislmnd, unii that they often prefer n state of life n little insipid, am) sometimes exposed to derision, to the miseries of an i||. assorted union. SEQUEL. There arc no children in nil the world more li,\il,- than the English, except jierhaps those of C'orri (.'■jm ij Alhani. They are liiir ajid fresh, — true (lowers of spriiij; exactly like the (lowers iiu(ure creates them, but cure aix attention make them still more beautiful. The exlruut cleanliness in which they are kept, their healthy, u^t,. lar, nnd abundant food, the invariable mildmss ami placability of their parents, nnd the total absence of m. pleasing objects, all contribute to render them serene Ji countenance nnd healthy in Imdy. If in England tl.( ipiadriipeds have laws for their protection, nnd orators t, speak for them in Parliament, how much care ami lui dernesa must Ix^ the portion of the children ! Tin y j- washed two or three times a day ; every day they chsncr their clothes at least once, and tlieir hair is ceinlxc twice. Who ever saw more radiant heads than thngn:' tlie English babies ? They are golden heads. Elijranc, is not a vanity in them, it is a habit. 1 never liiurd i mother praising a new dress to her son, or proinisinj ; new cap as a reward. Hence I have never seen a Irj proudnf himself on account of his dress, or pointing wit, vanity to his shoes. Their food is simple, — milk, |in served fruits, bri^ad and butler, and fresh meat, wliidi t never allowanced out to theni. 'i'liey sit at labli; H others. I have been present many times where i,i,i children were dining together: they carve, help iIim, selves, behave orderly, and acquire the same deiiLi:m..„i and the same ease and |H)lisli of manner as adults, wilt, out trouble, scolding, or tears. The large English loav,i piles of i)otatues, and mountaius of meat, iieem niaili u purpose to prevent greediness, and to saliate little j;Iu|. Ions with the sight of them alone. All this nbiinil leaves no room for quarrclliiijfanddisputing. Thecliiliicu abstain from wine, and, until ten or twelve, even lioin:,, and colTee. The having no wine is not felt as privati. , because they sec their mothers and sisters dispense »,: il voluntarily every day: but certainly when tiny pi,i up they repay themselves for it with usury. lleautiful as arc the Kngliah children, they nri> >ti. more linppy; they arc neither slaves nor tyrants,— Iicim neither indolent nor querulous. As I had never Imrt long lamentations and fits of crying in genteel Innim, I wished to ascertain if this were an advantage |H'enllari Ihe resiiectable class'cs, nnd for that piir|Mi8e truvirw the nieanest and dirtiest streets, and visited the iiuiin.; and most wrelehed habitations of the city, yet I liirn: every where, (hat the children, not treulid wilh lyraiii.; or eonleinpt, not irritated, and, above ull, never inuikt^ jeered, or luiighed ut, jKissed " Tliclr tender days nf yniitli, Joyf\il and pleaaunl." 'J'uim, IIow often have I compassionated (he fnto of my nm tryinen, who, tormented, irrilateil, tortured by tin' L and the governmeiit, yielding to an invincible ill^lilllt human naliire, break out and revenge (liemselviH i4il;> weak within Iheir (lOwer, lieeoming in their turn ll<| tyraiilH of their fiimiliest Here tlie father diss nut inli lire at all in the education of his sons; he is al>iiurtH'ili:| business, nnil nbaiiilons them Iheretlire (o (he eiirrnl'i.' mother, who very seldnm leaves hnnie, and exenilnll sacred duty with a sweet and eonstanl equ,inimlly. I'> iKiiinenI is exeluiled from doineslic educnlion, ns will reward, (he slimiilus of rivalry, Theehllilrin li.ori> sue!i an abhorrence of rending, iHCaiise, nlwnys ilnit" of lmi(a(iiig, and nlways feeing (he table eovenil v IssdiH, and tin ir elders reading, n( lensl, (he iiiniii',M| able newspnper, or smne new nmel of (he ililn|,'i', li ; alio willingly read some little book of Iheir own liiirnr;. The niimlier of hmiks eiiinposeil witliiii the liifl ti yi'ars In Kngland, liir Ihe inslnietiirii of Ihe yi>iilli isilli sexes, is Inmiense. I would give n list of snnir Iheiii, whieli iiiiglil Ihi (ranslnled and nilopled wllli ilj vantage by other nations, nt the tool of Ihe page, Iml Ihe eatalogiio Wiiulil lake up loo much space. Order and ll.>' di«lribnllnn of time in a family mil every Ihiiig easy. An inflexible order once esliiMuN il heeoiiies Idle n law of naliiri;, which every one ofcti \Mllioiil lliliiking of opiHisiliiiti. When Ihe day imlioi into slaV'd porlioiiH, thern is no need of exhorlniM reprimand,— III ry one snbniita wilhnul eomplnlnl Ixh duly, ns he kuIiiiiiIs Io (lie vicissitudes of day ami ni(l' ■ , VOL. I I .«rile Alien In this resj (iai system always at t eeeds in its 'I'lie taclliit prevent tilt vices to the Three tlii eiliieation : fliililren; tin anil the brsli eiiiiseil by tl 'I'he respi earlv, and ni right of reel sioii of eoiiti the /lonoiir o und when it ways ill ixisl liecaiise they lovers' niiger. nn Imsiiiess, I them to all lb of niLkiiainci a Kci'in at least ~J nro rather inc - I'.illing the SOI lor the same wish (Jcorge "Miiilame l)i of iiiinc, listei nf l.'i^tiireH on imlilic nuditoi ilaiijriiter Lali iiliiT they had vrrsllies, Ihe s tliiir instruch Tlir result of Knglislminii (i ns lliose of an 'I'liey do not dn prodigal of wit talk sheer iion lliey can trans niaile time n sp u llie more ])r ritiirns, 'J'liose who 1 nililiiessof the male nnd temp no liIrsHl ill (liei Mills when the ml ami while r till y iNTseeiited lliiir fillow eiti wlirn, ill Ihe « till' riri Ih nsury. ildren, they are t[iL nor tyrant*,— liciBcl 1 had never Imrtl in genteel hmihes.il ilvaiitaifc |H'eiiliatl.| pnri><)se tnivfrml id visited tlie i«inro:| city, yet I l'ui>j«l| treuti d with tyr,i«i| ive all, never iiuKktrf )-s of ynulli, 'J'amo. the fate of my niitl lorturid hy li.e L'^ iiivineihle ill^lillll li(re theiiiMUes mli'l ini; in their turn il>| father diM's mil inuT (iiih; he is aluwrWa fore to the niri' iil'l'il line, and eseiiilull aiit e<|iMiiiiiiily. I'liJ iihiealion, ns well I'lie ehildriii Immi*] line, always ili'»i" • tiilde eiiverid »i; cnsl, the iiiMiiiM 1 (if Ihi' deliit;!' iif their own Iwitiiin the liiFl lilittnl It II III n! Live Vid ,f the \eiillH liHt of i"iiiii" alio) lied villi It of the pni:e, lii eh lie i ■der I pal family . esliilili'H inl»i |iieh every m en the diiy i'lli' ed of exiiiirl.iliiiiil W^a^®!®*^ e®.m®®^ (Oim®Wm^!^llf(^ milBIEillEI'; j*"^: '■'iM VOI» I> rillLAUELl'llIA, MAItCII 18, 1833. ^o. 10. I'lUNTKU AND I'eiiMKMk:!) uv ADAM WAUIIi;, No. li, Niiierii Kiuiriii slRtikT, riiii.Aiitii.i-iliA — At ^'o liir 6'.' iiiiiiiIiits, puyahle in lulvanet; K. *t O. S. WOOiJ, I'KisTKRs Asn I'l ui.isiiKHs, Nmv Yukk, ^ Siile Ajiclils and riilili-liLTS for llic siiile iil New V(irk ami nil llie New Knglnnd slales. ) I'llKO.MX N. (VOUII & <(). liilOKSKI.I.KUS, IIai.timiiiik, 6ole Aeeilts lor llie males uf Maryland, Viri;lliia, and Otiln, and llle city ut' New Orleans. Ihiiiit riini|i iliilnM'i^l lies of day ami mc' In this resjiect the KiikHsIi day is modelled on the celcs- tial system ; the family rises, hreakfasls, dines, iVc., always at the same minute. It is a planet wliieli pro- iwds in its orliit without iie(-d of an exterior im|nilse. The taciturnity and rcs|ieclful awe of tin; servants also iireveiit thein from communicating their pasi-ioni) or liees to the children. 'i'liree things struck ino above nil llic rest in English ediieation ; the respect wliieli the parents show to their eliildreni their earo not to foment anger and resentment, 1,11,1 (i„, bmlily e.wreises by wliieh the waste of strength eaiised hy those of the mind is eompensated. 'I'lie respect of the father towards his sons Iiegins earlv and never ceiuscs. This conwsaion establishes the rii'lit of reciprocity in favour of the f itlier, — an expres- sion of eoiitiiinely lie never suffers to fall Iroiii liis lips : the lionour of the son must go into society inviolate, — and when it is inviolate, the courage to deleiid it is al- ways ill existence. I do not here s|)cnU of the mothers, lieeaiise they can do as they please, — theirs is always lover.s' anger. When he receives letters, unless they are on Imsiness, the father olVcn reads them aloud, or passes them to all the Cmiily. He gener;i!!y a; oids making use of iiiLknames, for there are some diminutives which scein at least to imply ii dim'.nutivencss of merit. Thej arc rather inclined to fall into the op))osite nlfectation, of calling the son hy tlie family name, — //nigHuic 'Hzio, — fcir the same reason which made Madame de Sotcnville wish (Jeorge Dandin to call his wife not " My wite," but "Madame I )andin." One Knglisli gentleman, a friend of niiiic, listened witli attention and interest to a eoiirse of I'.'ctiires on hydrostatics, delivered hy his son hel'nre a puMic auditory ; another, who had liiinself taught his ilan^'liter Latin, took hssoiis in Italiiin in her presence, after lliey had lireakfasled tiigclher. 10' en in the uni- lersilies, the students ore always treated as eipials hy their instrneters, and esteemed and received as men. The result of this most rational itiiiwcttc i--, that the Kairlishman (not Imrn, iH'vhaps, with liieulties so ready ns llmsc of nn Italian) liecomcs a man miieli sooner. They do not dazzle with brilliiinl sayings,tlicy are never |irn(ligiil of wit, hut they are always seiisilde, and never talk sheer nonsense. They eaniiol turn a sonnet, but lliev can transact business. The Mnglish nation has iniiile lime a sjn'cies of capital, — so that the life of a man ii the more jiroduclivc Uio sooner he begins to make reliirns, 'I'hose wlin admire nR well nH those who ridicule the eiililnessof the I'aiglish, klieve that it is the ctfect of eli. mate and tcMi|M'raiiiciil. It is ollcii said that they have niiiilmul ill their veins. Hut had they no hlood in their Mills when they spilt so iiiucli in the civil wars of the rid and white roses.' — when, under the reign of Mary, tin V |MTsi'iiited and cruelly used so many thousands of lln ir tlliiiH citizens for llicir religions npiiiiinis: — niiil wiieii, ill (he war between the I'arli.imenl and ("harks the rirst, they eoiiliiiiieil for years sluiighti ring each nther, on llie sealVold or the liclil/ If the lOiiglish of our day are so train|uil,aiid so cohl that lliey seem lo us mei iif iee, il is, |H rh.ijis, liecausc they have rejM'iiled of tlicir iineieiil follies; perhaps Is'caiisc lln y have no oicasion fur heal ; hill, most probably of all, because llicir cdiica- liiiii lepiesscs ill them those w ill-o'-lhc-w isp fires that we nlways Uike to he the signs of a videano, and so olU'ii de- ceive us, 'I'liii Iriilh is, that in their education the sou! in never disturlxd hy the jiassinns, — "winds adverse to MTinily of life;" there exists ind iiiiifiiigst them that eiis. Iiini of mockery and satire in liimilie.', which so highly eviis|»rales the minds of children, '•'•ii' mnilier avoids nil iMcaHloiis of cxciling the wriitli of fur children; if Ihey ever kindle into ragn and U lid tin ir brows, she iHKiii disarms Iheiii with a caress. Til Iw iniistcr of oneself— " lo keep the lcin|Hr," is horlanee. In liimily matters, in social intercourse, in every-day dis- cussions, it demands calmness, coolness, deliliertttion. In great enterprises, in war, in the |ieriU of llie I'onnlry, it culls for courage and enthusiasm. That same Eng- lishmaii who hardly returns your salute, and who sits at table with you like a ( 'liineso pagoda, would, did yon see him in *lie day of b.itllc, or in the heat of a contest- ed election, give himself U|i to mihounded enthusinsm. Where is the eiilcrpri.se by which glory may be gained that I he Englishman docs not engage in heart and soul' .Vlungo Park pliiii,-es alone in the deserts of Africa ; un intimidated by the mistake of his first journey, he risks a second, — and perishes. ('aptaiiiCochranerelurnBonfool from Kaiiilschalka to St. Pelerdiurgli, a distance of six thousand miles, iilone anil unfriemh'd, as ifilhadbeena walk in Hyde Park ; he gi»'s to America to lake another stroll, across the Cordilleras, — and there he dies. T^ord Ilyroii ahandons the sweet converse of the Muses, tlio yet dearer smiles of the Itiilian liiir, to die on a foreign soil, in the defence of the freedom of a liireign land. Loril I'ocli- raiie, allcr having liniglit both in the Atlantic and the Pa- cific liir Ihc iiidepi ndeiicc of the new slates of Aincriea, Hies lo the .\rclii|H'lago to share the gkiry of a handful of (irceks, who lor six years had been struggling with the inonklroiis tyranny Unit oppressed tlieiii. ilcad the life of Sir Kolsrt \\ IImhi, and you will see how many pi rlls he has viiliiiiliirily incurred, always in favour uf llie oppres.scd, whether kings (in the end luigrateful) or nations (too little grateful) or individuals (most graleful of all); very well, any of these men, who showed, in these cases, an cnlhusiasm worthy of a knight-crraiil, would have disdained, in sneiiil life, lo have Im'iii giiilly of an net of iiiipatieiii;e, even towards a servant. It wiiiild seem as if llonsseau, who oiiee lived for some time among the English, tisik from tbi in tin principal ideas of the physical cdilciitioii of his Einiliiis. Till' gymnaslles of the English are almost all applied to praetieal uses. In Ihe same miiimer that Ihcy do not sillily the laws of nations, nor the lapidary styh', lN>eansc Ihcy Is'lievc lliein useless ncipiisillons, they do not learn feniiiig, nor the graiiil leap, nor the soiiiersefs of clowns, nor the ea|" rings of ballet dancers; — but Ihey learn, in stead, to ride on horsebiiek at full gallon, lo leap lirdges and dilchcs, to swim, lo leap willi the leel logclher, and lo eliiiih Irees. We leiirii with groat liilsiiir the art of fencing, M* iiseli" . I'xccpl to a iiiiiii who wants to kill or be kilh'd aicnrding lo rule, — in war «ven il in of lit lie advantagi. The Kn|;lish, iiii-tead, leant tho uil of boxing, which (laugh os you will) is useful in every mo- ment of life. We are dexterous at billiards, a dexterity which admits of no other application, like, rii smiie de- gree, the Indian game at b.ill. The English, instead, from inlancy even to old age, delight to play at cricket, a game ill the open air, which requires strength, dcxicrily, luickness, and some little intrepidity, lo await without tlinching tho heavy hall which one of the |ilayers throws with all his force at some wooden stakes, and another heats hack with a kind of club, rox-lmnting, shwiting, horse-racing, Bwimming, rowing, drivin;v, cricket, skating, arc exercises which keep almost ell ages in perpetual motion. Like the (jrceks, the English think gymnastics nnbecoming, to no age whati ver, and lo no profession. In hunting, at cricket, and at skaliiig, I have uiXcn found myself in company with lioys, with elergymen, and men advanced in years, all mixed tngc- tlicr. In all these exercises, the object is not to henutily, hilt to fortify, to iteel, as they call it, the body. There are few Tartars who would he able to support the fatigne, which is sometimes borne with cheerfulness by the young Englishman in a hard day's fox-lmniiiig. On the first day of the present year there was a hunt near York, in which the horsemen in lidlowiiig a very strong and wary fo.x, rode fifly-two miles in six lionrs and a half, without a check e.xcept for about ten miiiiites. Nobody can ever frighten tho lioys with the iilca of danger. The Spartans used to say, when they threw a weak horn infant over the cliff, that il was belter a child should die, than a citizen should grow up useless to his country. When the English let their chihlreu sliile on thinly frozen rivers, it seems as if they tlioiighl, — and wisely too, — that il is belter to run the risk of losing a sun, limn have him timid and pusillanimous all his life long. Not softined then by immiHler.ilc caresses, nor terrified by scowling oyehrovvs or terrihie menaces, the English boy is free in his niovements; — he sits on the ground or jumps to his feel at his own will ; be lies on the sofa or the grass as he pleases : provided only he do not disturb others, he may gratify any iiinoeciu ca- jirice of his own. In this way he is continually niakhig trials of hjiiself, liecomes accustomed to observe and j.ulge, compares his means with the diflieultics to bo overcome, sounds the depth of dangers, and acipiircs \ i- gour, and confidence in liis own strength. At the agi; of six or seven, the child is already able to go ahiiie tu silimil through the crowded streets of Iiondon, amidst that 8lU|Miidons medley of earls, carriages, and horses. It is true, indeed, that the inviolable and unviolaled foot- ways of the English cities are a guide and proteelion for lioys; but. giving due weight to tlii.f, the inslances of their Ixiiiig run over or injured by carriages are so very rare, that they should not be delrauded of the nieril ol their precious goinl sense. The fear natural to man is itself a suflieient Mentor again.sl danger, without tho need of increasing it hy an excess of eaulion. I rciiieni' Iht (and with a sigh I remember it) having seen on tlin lakeofConio tho children of the fishermen and tho moimtaineers, both ei|Ually abandoned to their owii care. Iridic on tlui banks of the lake, entrust tbciUBelvi'H in little Ismts to the wnnlon waves, play on the very edge of decii wells, climb up precipices, and hang like wild gnats iVom the lolly rocks, without ever falling, or doing ihemselves the least injury : and wo must confess that llie jMipiilation of our lakes are llio niost richly en- dowed with eniirago and with talent. All the hoys ill the iskiiid can ride, iHeanse they are aceiislonicd lo il from the lendcre^t age. No one hi- eompanics them ; — Ihey go, they rove, Ihcy wnniler by lliemscWes; Ihcy treat their jsniy as a lonipaiiioii, Ihcy Ii 111 him mid clean him themselves, Ihcy let him lake his needful rest. Uicy do mil abuse his ihM'ilily, iKcause he in the comriide of their ailvenlures. On ibis head. Miss Edgeworlh's prelly little novel «f " Lightfool" may Im eonsulted with advantage. LilH'rly is the mistrcBS of rrery thing in Eniland. In imitation of thr government, winch ini|HHirs as few lawn as it ran, there are in every thing but lew and indi»|>pn- salde restrictions. The trees arc not mainud, or contort, eil, or sbiarcd, hut grow gnarled luid branchy at lh( ir will, in till' parks and the fields. The lioimcs are nut arehileelurised and symmetrised out nf all iHiimds, nt (hi exju'iiso of internal eonvtniener, Imt ir» »otiicliniM cot- ■ V i' ."'I '' ' '\''.\.'\ ' ., 1»'.'; ' , -r. '.'Kfl mi: 'm W: t ■.■• "r'^H '-'^- ,• -'li'' i, ■ \ \ ■ ;> • ■■ \A ' [ '.■:! '. .''i 11 ;Vi:'** i 146 THE ITALIAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. >" pulent, and Bometimcs awry, but always well dividod and convenient witliin. The horses arc not irritated or crip- pled by useless exercises and mimic movemcntH, but are strong, sinewy, and the swiftest of the swift. Here, in ehort, education is rather a patlcni, a guide, than a vio- leut compression. Of all civilised people, tlie English arc the least removed from nature. I am not, however, a blind admirer of every thing done in tliis country. Tliere arc two things iu tliu present system of education I can- not approve. First, tlic excess of reading. When Rousseau wroU^ his Emiliu.i, there was much less reading in England, — perhaps too little : now tliere is too nmeh. There is now •uch an inundation of poetry, novels, romances, and lite- rary journals, that many minds must bu slitled under it. At three years of age, ititcllcetual oducatioi\ rommenees: nt the infant schools, tl.e bnl)y has already before liia eyes the elements of several sciences. Then come fable and little histories; then Iintin, (jSreek, and liistory, mingled witli voyages and travels, romances and magazines with- out end. Tlio mind has no time to digest this incessant food ; — a new novel drives from the recollection that ot tlie preceding week, as a new wave presses upon and de- stroys its predecessor. Several times I chanced to ask Bomu youlli the plot of a romance lie had read a few months before, — lie had no more than a slight indistinct recollection of it, as one lias of a dream. A more cer- tain inconvenience of this coaKcIcss reading is weakness of sight, whicli is very common in England. 1 cannot prove that myjudgmcnton tlio subject is correct, because English education, in all its parts, csjiecially the intellec tiial, underwent a tliorough alteration about twenty years ago, and tlio cft'ects of this assidiious and inordinate rend- ing have not yet had time to show tliomsclvcs. Twenty years more must elapse before it can be dttermincd will) certainty, wliether, iu respect to solidity of judgment, and vigour of body, tliero has been gain or loss. My second objection is to the stays worn by the ladies. After having read llio eloquent reprobation of this de- Hlruelivo bienslwoik in Heeearia's Lessons of Political Economy, after liearing the opinions of the ItnUaii pliy- sicians who succeeded iu banishing it from the Orphim Schools, after having listonod a thousand times to llie just remarks of the good Italian mothers on the dreadful eonseiinenees of this barbarous ligature, I little ex|iecti'd to fiuil it still in use in sober and sensible England. II is but too true. The English ladies are imprisoned in stays, and in slays ho still", that to tmbrarc them is like embraeing an oak. They stand as bolt nfiriglit in this cuirass, us our midberry trees in the woiKlen fences |iut round them, when they are still tender. .Mnny English Indies, to whom 1 liinled my surprise, told nie that they believed one of the causes of the many cmi»tiin|)tive ma- ladies til which young Englishwomen ore subject, is tlie use of stays, with busks of bone or steel, — and this is vny likely the ease. I will eontinc myself to tjliservinj; further, that lliiseuii'ass renders them as stilVund unbc inl- iug as a liedge-stake, while our ladies are us soft and lle.vilile as a silken cord. Now then to proceed in my relleetions. The physical education of the present day is, with very little variation, the same as that of tho past. It is [nrhapa more the illect of aeeident tlinu (fysl. rn, uuliko that of I.yeurgus mid tliose of Pestalozii and Kellenberg in our time. II is theeiri'ct of the elimate,of tlie ennimeri'ial institution:!, and the iiiarilime situation of England, and the aii( lent custom of its inhabitants. .Moral education, on the other hariil, liMs undergone extensive <:hanges since I.cicke and fiord Chesterfield wrote npiai the snbj( el, and these ehnn ges ton are the elfect of the reflection and recomiueada. tion of men of learning and wisdom. Two men, of most extraordinary patience and perse- verance, Mr. I.aneaster and Dr. Itell, made il the busiiii-ss of their lives to diUnse inslriielion uiiiversnlly among IIk lower classes. Willioul here (liseusslng tde ini rils ol Uousseau'sEmiliiis,it is certainly n Ixiidiliir the (■ nioKl iflustrinuii inpml)rr« of parliament, nt Ibc same lime Hint they watch the hnlaneo of Euro|K<, the wars of the Indies, and the eoniinerco of the world, arc occupied also in timnding'.infant schools and mec-han ics' institutions, — In the eomposilion and dill'usion of ii |xipuliir i'ncye|o|)iediii. Many of the Ik-sI isiets did not disdain to lower tin ir lliirhl, iiud ndn|il their produetioiix lo the liinry niid en|i,ii-ity of ehildren, as tiny. Words worth, Mil. barlNiuM, and othori; und many prose authors liavc likewise contributed to enrich the library of the young, as Paley, Aikin, Watts, Blair, Friestley, Ualdwin, &.c. But in recent times the fair sex has supplied the juve- nile library with numbers of useful works. I do not al- lude to I.ady Morgan, nor Lady Dacre, nor Lady t'har- lottc Bury, nor .Mrs. KadclitVe, nor any of the other Eng- lish ladies who have favoured the world of letters with either poem or romance; I s|ieak of those who", without departing from the ordinary sphere of the attributes of their se.v, have desired to contribute to tlio ornamenting and dcvelopcinent of the minds of those beings whose lives arc made and modified by them up to the ago of twelve or fourteen years. Even those severe and invidi- ous censors who would condemn tho fair se.T to tho needle and the distaif cannot deny that woman, who rears and suckles the child, who leaches him to run alone, to stam- mer out words anil sentences, and finally to read and write, ought best to know the progress of the human mind, and must have, on this first period of existence, more experience than a Bacon or a Plato. The English, who read more than any other nation, and admire highly the originality of the Greek nnnni1»nnip |»i#»rnt to 'be ntillmrwii nf n nnvrl rnlUil ''KlirlRtliiiii" ntti) wtirn n initRn nr n rniitinitllfir trn- vrls, lilnwUn nr ilniif|li( ul' (ilenhurnie. .VIr.s. Marc'Et, of LoNiMiN. — •Conversations on ("liiniis try, 'Conversiilions on Natural Philosoiihy, •(^nm-i. Siitions on Political Economy. Mrs. TniMMr.n. — "Fabulous Histories, *Introductii]U In the Knowledge of Nature, •Scripture Histories. .•\.\' Anonvjious Lady. — ".Memoirs of Lndy Raciiel Uii». sell. A COUNTRY WAKE. .■\ltliough Catholicism has been runoimccd in Englniid ] fir lliree centuries, some cnstoms, prejudices, uikI I'lMi. vals, that the elmreh of Runie or the I'riars intnabiml, are nevertheless not yet extirpated. In the siiiiie mniiiur, ninny of the riles and eerenioiiies of Pagiinism still miii. sisted, even after the Christian religinii hnil plunleil ili slnnilnrd on its ruins. To destroy a moral ediliic, nf wlintever kind, and however absurd it may he, is iniirli more dilUenlt tlinn to annihilate works entirely ciiii. sliucted by tlie hand of iiinn. The revolutions of rin. pires, of gnvernmenis, nf religions, nnd of lnngin;;u, supply illuslratioiis''of this position in abiinilnnce ; Iml, willioul wandering too liir, without everi|uilting Engl;iiiil, I iiciil only pnicTeil to say, thai I have before me n l«mk printed a eenliiiy ago, by a elergyiiiaii of Newi';i>llf, enlilled " Antiipiitates Viilgures," iu which Ibis (JkkI ininister meiitious all the ceremonies, sU|H'rslilions, anil po|iiil:ir prejudices, to Ihi extinguished by means of III.' iiiKtrni'tiiin of th>' lower orders, It np|H'ars llint nl that tiniii the lower orders of English believnl in apparitions that wnlked abroad in tho nigUt, in gliiwli t'inl hnunti'd the ehunhyards, in liubgobliiis, witilu*, and fnirns, in the inngie virtues of certain wells nnJ liiiiiitninN, iu a devil with cloven feel, in hnimled Iiiiufi'*, iu the evil aiigiiry of a linre's criwHing the pntli, nt* iiK'k's lawiiig, iii'nii owl's liiHiling, nnd u hundied ntlur nonsenses id that sort, which the hernesof nntiiiiiily ni"! the kiiii;htii uf the rmiiid table uiice bclicvtd in, niiil nut • Hitinn nf lliiii-nli »»ini|ili|ii|in««ii)jr, TUE ITALIAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. M7 iniiiUBing novel g go BtQlking- oliout tlic piazr-a of 8|, , disputing on tin nas, killin;;, ininii. landu and face > uf lary's sliop, lo lioiil ' cataplatiinK, about t maid ? teorie, eompiltdat young ladttt. bliBlicd in America. — * Early I.cssnns, I'arcnta' Assistant, alilc Life, •Patron. , *Practical Educa. Lessons, •Ilynin! ninga at Home. ital Improvcimnt, I'our tliroiii,'li til.. America, *lnstiiK| anners. [s, "Harry Bcaufty, isii History. Icreolf. a, 'Dlind Fiirnicr, !r'8 Widow, •Tlie mi's Widow. ifinal Poems, »Siin. [nfant Minds, >l)is. !o Corrospoiidrrift, ul Pounis, Feiiiak .. — *On lOdnrulidii, , 'Spirit ol" Prujir, iwidii. — Dcvcjlioriil Friendb. iiRdll. — *Letlers(iii •'I'lieColtajicrh uf "tit ions on ("liftiiis. ilusojiliy, •(liiimi- ', *Introduclioii l-i IlistorieN. J.iidy Itadiel litis. liiincud in rii|.'lnii(l fjiidicus, uikI ll'Kli. I'rinrs iiitrmliinil, I the siiini^ iiiiniiirr, | [nfriinisiii Hi III Hiili. |; Kii|.d:iiiil, iu'lorc mr II l«"'k liiii of Nettciihllr. jwliii'li lliis (JhhI 'ii|H'rHli(ioiis, mill liy inrniiM of lli.' ap|K-ars tlint iil I'.isll lirlii vid III ni({lit, in (.'liiwn LobiiiiK, witiliiv, lertoin wilh nnJ jiniinlcd liiiiiri'*, tliii lialli, lit' • II liniidii'd ntlii' iifanlii|iiity "ii'l L'Vid in, nnil otit „r«s and children bcliovo in still. There is not an 1-nrlish i>oet, from ShaUspeare to Walter Scott, who has t ivailcd hini.self of these popular prejudices, as a my- 1 .,' y or iwetic macliinery, to increase wonder -ind I rir the two passions they handle most suhliniely. l„t what is beautiful in poetry, is often very ditFerent nracticc. llencu the good curate, Uounio of New- l|,, irencrously spurniiiR tlie gain wluch sonic of his iincti'oii e.vact from similar hng-ljoars, dedicated his book „ the municipal authorities of tlio town, and ciirnestly ' horted them to establish scliools for the people, as a *iii;ans more enicaeious than holy water, to send all dc- filrics packing to the devil again. His prayers were hcirii ; for in the century since, popular instruction has Toiw on increasing, dispersing pliantoms by its light, Jill freeing houses, woods, and heaths, from flying jraiions and dancing witches. Lot it bo well noted, that iiisleiid of religious seiilimeiits growing weaker in con- ieniiciicc, it can l)C proved that in England they have ie(|iiireil strength by their being purified from puerile ■nreiiidices. The atmosphere, however, is not yet rpiite clear ; those who read the romances of Walter Scott (aiid who docs not I) will see that nocturnal spectres, Ives and fairies, still niaiutain somo dominion in tlie iii.juiil.iiiis of Scotland. (Vinmig the feasts that tho catholic religion obserycs from precept, and that tho lower orders of tho Fnjrlish still keep iu some counties as holidays, is that of Wlut- 8initiile. In Yorkshire, many villages, in the week fcd- lo» iiig Whit-Sunday, celebrate in turns a rural festival, ..ml I will now relate how I happened to fuid myself iireseiit at one of these. It was tlie beginning of June, and (sunset, which in ill Knglaiid is always finer than sunrise. There was not that mistiness alloat whieli so often olL-iCures and IcuiiccalM all the beauties of the landscaiie. The heaven wxi of a lovely azure, studded here and there with ileecy clouds which only concealed now and then the face of tlio sun, to make his splendour seem more brilliant and more grateful when he re-appeared from behind them, A fresh wind rustled the boughs, and gavo an agreeable clian^'o and variety to tho surface of the beautiful IJiiglisli meadows. I give these few jieneil touclns, that it niiiv he perceived what a dilVerencc there always is liehveen a line Italian and a fine Eiif;lisli day, and to be alile lo wind up, in all sincerity and frankness, with the ilcclaraliou, that when the sun in England shines with ull liis lustre, and with siitlicient (Kuvi'r to light up all lhc- ' i»in8 ililH |iaii«ii(j«., 10 illlllr I rum liliii.— W. instead of poverty dwells within. All tho windows are glazed; there was not oilo pane broken or wanting throughout tho village. Seventy years ago paper held tho place of glass ; tho peasant is altogether improved with the imjirovemcnt of agriculture ; another fact in op|iosition to tho discouraging theory of Ortes, that the wealth of a state can never increase but in npp<.'arancc, in favour of tho few, and to the injury of the many. It is most true, as is asserted bj' somo writers on |)oliti- cal economy, that tho system of leases, ond tho large farms ( conscjjuenco of this, and of tho substitution of meadow for arablo land), have not only diminished tho agricultural population of England, in comparison with what it might liavo been, but have divided it into two classes, tho first, — a email one, of farmers, and the other, a most immcrous one, of lalroiirers, or peasants, with no land of their own, in tho survice of tho farmers. It is, however, not true that these jieasants, although merely tho hired servants of the farmers, and often as- sisted by tho parish with from two to tbriui shillings per week, according to the number of their children, aro ))oor and wretched. I will venture to say, that they are hap- pier than a great |)oitiou of our small farmers. If the happiness of men is to be estimated by their dress, food, and lodging, it may bo broadly said, that the state of these English labourers is imieh better than that of our small farmers, who cat only brown broad made of coars flour, drink water, scarcely ever have meat, and iu winter warm themselves at I'utid ox-stnlls. To the farm houses of iCngland there aro not such spacious thrashing floors atlaelied as hi Italy, on which iii.ay bo seen broods of duck.", the hen surrounded by her chickens, the turkeys swelling with rage, and challenging ono another to satisfy their Jealousy. Hero the ground is princijially employed in pasture; grain is not so abun- dant as with us, and, besides, the climate d'Ks not allow them to thrash in our maimer, ou ojiuu floors. Here covered over thrashing machines are used, moved by steam or horses, and that cost 101)/. or I'Ml. sterling to set up. The farm yard therefore is moro eonfiiud, and serves only for the horses and cows, which, when they arc not in the open (kids, wander about and lie down in these farm yar'ls, which are covered witli straw an arm's length deep, by way of providing them a soil and ample bed. ""he uniformity of tlie.sc houses is pleasantly varied by a con.spicuous house, built in the style of the castle ])alaees of Queen Elizabeth's day.i. With its high towers, which once expressed tho necessity of ilefeiice against sudden assault, and with its large, high, and numerous windows, that display more eonlldeiiee and security, it forms an agreeable contrast wilh the simple and humble habitations tJiat surround it, and Kcems, like a feudal ba- ron of the si.vteenth century, armed iind accoutred, in full array, in the midst of his obcilii iit vassals. This fantiis- tie but handsome style of areliileetiirc would have plea.sed Milizia, who so warmly recommended variety in country houses. All the inliabilants were grouped here and there in the middle of the wide and spacious street; in the houses there was nobody but the old Inmsew i\es, dressed in their best, and ten years younger in their faces, from the lijrht heartedncss which animated them, and the praises they received lor the well iiinde )ilum pudding of the day. — [The jiltim pudding is a sweet cnmjioiind of flour, eggs, milk, sugar, raisins, branily, and beef suet, which is (visily digested by means of a ride of twenty miles mi a high- trotting liorsol] — At a rustic festival iu Italy, the shouts and cries would liavo lipeii heard a mil" otf, — Ihe burst of that Italian mnrrimcnt whiili kindles of il.self, even without tho aid of wine, from the mere eimtaet of per sons. I should have met in the village biinils of young men, singing in chorus, with bold and eonlident looks, their caps mminled with a peacock's feather, dangling down over one ev"', nni( somewhat of nn n.ssumiiig air, as if to avenge Inemselves for Ihc contempt which the citi-Acn showers wilhoiit reason on tho cinmlrymali : but in Ilcslingtou, all (up to thai momenta was order, (piiel, and miitu.il respect. Hut I liiusl eoiifeis the Mcne would have been somewhat more iinimaliiii.r, if Ihere had been a little oflhat ilincranl niiisir, so eiiliveninir to tho spirit, which is nul wilh at every step in Italy. Theio was not oven ono of those iiiexurahle and most annoying hand organs that infest our streets at every hour. All at once however, I heard some cheering rnisril, the einwd divided into two ranks; and I peri'cived, ndvanciiig from a dis. Innco, eiiflit or nine countrymen, each ilri\ing a wheel, barrow belore him at full sped, anil Irying his iilmost le l«i first nl Ihe inuil: Ibis was Ihe first race in these (tlym- pie gniiies. Shortly after succrnled ii duckinir match, This iraiiie ifl played by placin;,' a larsin tub of water ill I the middle of the road, with some luuiiey at the butlom: a crowd of boys, stripped to the skin, stand arounil, awaiting the signal lo dip their heads in, with their hands cro.ssed behind their backs, to bring up the nioi • y in their mouth... The grimaces of the boys, when they drew their heads out of Ihc water half stilled, without getting any thing for their pains, inv.iriably e.vcited the laughter of the by-standers. When Ibis ducks' gamo was over, happening to raise my eyes, I saw, hung up before a public-house, a new saddle and bridle, niid a couple of hats. From this I conceived a hope that there was going to 1)0 a lilt or a tournay, or some similar heroic contest ; and I was not deceived in my expecta- tion: a horse race was, in fact, approaching; and I saw, without having long to wait, four large farmers' horses, mounted by four stout boys, taking tlicir way lo the spot fi.xed upon for the starting post. Althongb, to say tho truth, steeds, harness, and riders, were a thousand miles behind those I had seen, a day or two before, at the county races, they were, nevertheless, not so totally bad that I could call it a complete parody: I could nol,ilicrr- Ibre, help taking an interest in tlie thing, in eonimoii with tho rest, and preparing lo admire the vie'or. In the end, after ten minutes' hard gall.)ping, tlie horses <;ot back to tho goal; and the winner was eondiieled, with the sanio acclamation ns at the regular races, to the spot where tlio judges sat; — " When ends the gamo of hazard all its turns. The one that lo.sl remains behind in wo, Goes i.'er the game ajjaiii, and sadly learns, Wliile all the people with the others go." Vaiitt: In London there is the jockey club, at which, moiilhs before the IJoucaster or Mewmarkct races are run, lids are laid to a frightful amount, which are duly recorded in the pa|K;rs;» — these aro the ruin of many English gentlemen of fortune. In this village the bets" certainly were not so high, but the warmth wilh whieli llicy were made was not only as great, but perliaps even greater. The English in general do not play at cards, but are in the liabit, instead, of laying wagers; they bet on every thing, — ou sailing and rowing matches on Ihe rivers, — on games at cricket, — on boxing matches, on foot races ami lior.se races; — nay, is not Ihe Exchange itself, in a great measure, merely a great iK'tting stand.' It is thi' same passion for gaming (that innate desire in man of improving his condition), opening for itsi If a diHirent and [lerhaps a less injuriou.i vent, since it tends lo irive new animation to gymnaslie exercises, and to perfection, ate the important tneed of horses. I entered a public house, whire the crowd was closer. Fifteen or twenty fanners were seated wilh tin ir clay- pipes of perfect whitincss iu their mouths, and pewter pi.ts full of gill and waler before llieiii. I lonh a seat in their circle, and whether from the interest they one ami all took ill the races, which they were talking over, or that they took me lor a veteran freipieuter of the house, the tnilfi is, that none of them cast a single glance of curiosity or surprise on my |M'rson. A butcher came in lamenting the misfortune of a young mare of bis, that jii ruimiug had broken her leg. He us(.(l much nclion with his mournful recital, to excite the niorc^ eompas. sioii, but finding his hearers inclined rather to laugh than cry, he also took to comforlin;; himself w ilh a brim- ining glass of gin, and then asstiming a noble and heroic air (with tho hy|)oerisy of the Roman gladiator, who " died with decency,") protested that it was not the value of tho eolt he took to lieiirt, but the enll herself, which was his liivoiiritc. This tragic oceiiricnc^, the betting, and Ihe brandy, wliiih would make even tho dumb s|K'aU, had now render. .1 these farmers so talka- live, that I found myself in the midst of a sea of words; I say a sea of words, bei'anse 1 could uiidcrslainl nothing of llicir conversiitiim beyond a few isolaled expressions. .Mlhouijh I have a passable knowliilije of lOiiixlish, I could not conlrivc to make out the ^'orkshire dialeil, which is one of the slrangesl and most eorriipl iu lOinf- land. It produced a curious elVii I on me; not liein<: iiblf lo catch more lliiiii n 11 w iinconneeted words here and there, I seemed to !«■ reading; a iHi tioiiarv. Ilardiv any of tho interlocutors could preserve ii |n rpendieiilar; when they stood on Iheir feet, they all began lo liaii),'-, now to tho left, now to Ihe right; like the .■\sses"rowirs al Ho- lognn, lhoU(.li bending and always Ihrcalcninj' to fiill, they never fell. A eirciimstancM thai slill more increased my wonder was, that though their bodies loltcrid lliiN way and that, Iheir reason, their lalkiiit', never wavored in the least — such is tho tiireo of habit! * Otip of tlir iiv«l fiinitii's tiiiellWli* In |.^ic!'>nil rerrnily asiiititi ).. iniirliii^e an rliuani vitlii, tMilt the .iiiii* he IdmI iiiti,i...iit iiy l'u\hi|i anil betllnt!, nniiiiiiitlhu lo t'uily llioii'iunl imhiiiU ulcrliui;. ;f'a''i'''.. 1 H^ iV X- : ■ I • '/ilii h-%. ■> i,:h1 1 I. ; '. ' , ,,>f 1, ■ \) ' '-i^ '•{ ' ■:.;! , , ,1 •' ■• -;-|f '' '.■?l ■ }, 3 ■« ■''%■ I ( 1* 'vita '■■ i'"| ,: • k M li ci.' ii» THE ITAUAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. ^-1-^' '■i.t ii Mi ;•«.,'■ W'liili' tlio riicrs wi'io ir'''"At on, tliurc siulilciily iiro^c bcliind my back u dispuu; on hciiiic jH)iiit ot' beUinfr, whit!i ill iiiiy fitlicr couiitry would luivo given me somi ii|>[>i'('|]cnsiuii, but in Kn};land did nut i vcii in:ikc niu turn my liL'iid, knnwinjr tbut these quarrels end by a tifjlil with the naked lists in tlic tields, on equal terms, and be- fore a hundred eyes, whieli impartially decide wlicthcr the blows arc fair or I'oul. jVt last, finding tliat this com- bat of al)Use, after the maimer ol" the heroes of Homer, did not como to a conclusion, I looked behind nic for -, once abominable and always ridiculous, Cows, cattle, horses, feed through almost all the nights of the year loose in the fields, without even so much as a child to guard them. It might be thought the gnldon age of innocence; but this security is the cfteet of the law, which punishes liorse and cattle stealing with inevitable death. In other cases the sentence of deatli is often commuted for that of transportation, but for otfenccs of tills nature this favour is seldom obtained. Another pleasure for one with a mind a little exalted by poetry or roiiiimcr, is to lie able to abandon the high road, and tread the |>aths through the midst of the soft and verdant meadows, — perhaps (ho only and most an- cient right of landed pro|H.rly which has remained to the lower classes of thu people. Finally, another pleasure, not less vuluabli' to one overeoinii with fatigue, is to gel home, and iiiid in a lillle lodging consisting of a bed- rooiif and a parlour, all the comforts nnd the quiet that in their limes neither the Marquis ofCarabas enjoyed in his lief, nor the good King of Yuetot of Uerenger, in his palace. THE SPRING ASSIZES. Tltopp who have never read the lino observations of Filangieri on llie Knglish modes of procedure, or, U'ller still, llii' valuable work of M. C'oitu on the inHlitntion ol' juries, and the publirity of the courts in England, niny do well (o read the few lines which follow. It was the Kith of March, and the very eve of llic arri. val of two of the twelve judges, who, twice n year, in March and August, travel from I>eers," is one of the most ancient privileges consecrated by Magna C'liarta, ond of which every Eng- lishman is justly proud. The king of England can make many of the monarclis of the earth tremble, but not any one of his subjects. He must be judged by his peers, according to the law of the land, — " By the law of the land, and the judgment of our peers." So scrupulously is this privilege observed, that when Barctti (author of the Literary Scourge) was brought to trial for a homicide committed by him at night in a street of London, in self-defence, it was oti'orcd to him if he wished it, that six of the jury should be Italians. He renounced lliis right, and was aeiiuitted. I was my- self present at the trial of a (iermun, who was also ask- ed if he wished half the jury to be coiiqHised of his own countrymen ; and he also deelined. Such is the confi- dence that trial by jury inspires. To return ; A great part of Ihc population of Notting- liam, thcreliirc, had lukeii its way on the morning of thu lUtli of March, along tlie road by which the two judges, named by the crown, for the Nottingham (Mid- land) circuit, were lo arrive. All is to n T, as 1 have already said, in this most punctual Kngland ; eleven o'clock was aimoimced as the hour of their arrival, nnd preiMscly ut eleven, a fmu coach, with four horses, with Ihc postilion in his light and handsome jacket, the coach- man in a Ihree corneriil hat, like that of our priests, the arms of the city on Hie panels, and two liiolnieii, in a llaring new livery, behind, heralded the coming of the judge s. The carriage was preceded by n score of men on horseback, with I he eily Imiiner waving from a jave- lin, nnd swords by lluir sides. All this parade was at Ihc expense of Ihc high sliirilf of llieeouiily, who r»"prc- scnts,on the bench, by Ihe sido ut llio judges, thu wivr- rcign, or executive power, mute, motionless, and passive, present only lo exceiilu Ihe Keiiteiices: it was followcil by a great numlier of the genllemen of the city, who lind gone out on horseback lo meet the judges. This awaiting, tlii« welcome, thesis honmirs, — nil (his pomp not only tends lo increase in Iho ptuple their reverence for justice, but lo elrcn(ftlieii, in the judffcs thcmsclveB, the feeling of their own dignity, and tlie high intoj. ancc of tlicir duties. •Without loss of time, in about an hour, the court in, installed, ond the civil and criminal trials began in (,„ separate halls. In England, the prejudice that ii Is jj human and unbecoming lo be present at the shtiin.,,; the tribunals, does not exist ; it is thought, on the ti, trary, to be a school of experience, penetration, i'ikI,],^ queiice. The Roman youth became robust uiul lunj, in the field of Mars, — w ise and enlighlcned in Hie fom,,' In the same way, persons of every age, sex, ond rinkij society, meet here at the assizes. Tlie courts or jiij, of justice, which within the last sixly years have In,, rebuilt almost all throughout England, in a granilirar,] +' more apjiropriatc style than betbrc, are suitublu toil, increase in the population and riches of the island. H. sides the district conqiarlnicnts for the judges, llir i;, witnesses, for the accused, and for the barristers, ili„, is an open space for the common people, and a gullcrvi little more commodious, for tlio more elevated cl;i«,',, The ijcojile ore never treated as a rabble in Eiigli,!),]; they arc always respected, but never conlbuiidcii wfi tlie middle and higher classes. The courts arc alwan filled with ladies and gentlemen, all polite towards cati other, all otientive, and anxious for the fate of Ihe yth^ ~ < the beautiful court house of (he city of York,] •i .' ...nessawtlic galleryadorned with numbers of lov.]; jiiglishwomcn.whohad left their elegant villas tosoeati; to be seen, and worthy of being seen they were iniluo. These galleries looked like conservatories of flowers;! certainly would not have given the sight of them InrilJ magnificent theatrical spect^-iclu of the Roman furuu. It is needless to say, that oil who occupy the open sn:. are decently dressed ; it is not, however superlluous to x- mark, that even the prisoners appear at the bar with il» same neatness and cleanliness as if they were goin^' ;. be married. In this the English usage is very dilfru: from that of the ancient Romans, who sought, williliir, and dark colnurcd clothes, with dishevelled liiir, an floods of tears, to excite the pity of their judges. Ij the English procedure, liiere is no room fur cxcilenic:,;-, neither the arts of tlie necuscd r.nr the rhetorical lira. rislies of the advocate are ailiiiitted, nor would pioduu any effect if they were. If the large and cominal wigs worn by the judges al counsellors be excepted, all is extremely simple in tin,.; tribunals ; the mnctilij of the laws, and the mnjisl) i.f the people, that we so often read of in Cieeio, arc ma here in reality. Judge Best made to the grand and petty juries a lilmrt address, in which he made particular mention of a una who had killed his own wile, and who was lo ho fcl u|)oti his trial. He pointed out to Ihe |ietty jury llio dilVcrcnco between a iiiiirder comniitled simply on llii provocation of abusive words, and one ennimillcil in consequence of provocation by blows: he louchiil m this distinction without making any allusion lo the ra>( in question. His address was simple, deslilute of iiii, over elegance, and delivered in n natural tone, and «iii thai self-possession which a judge acquires by the lialiil of cimslantly speaking in public. By the side of this venerable bc-gowncd, bc-wij.'S.'t'i. and be-spectacled Alinos, was sealed a yiumg hiilv.— through favour that the ladies somelimos enjoy ofsilliii; on the Ixineh, — a privilege of which they do not full lo take advantage, bashful as they are. 'I'liis young luly was fair haired, somewhat stout, with a must ample Imii. net of black velvet, trimnicd with ribands of varioiintr. lours : dressed in scarlet, she seemed a-blazo with yculii and beauty. She was not only beautiful, butdnngi niiis; she made, |H'rliaps unconsciously, oil those inolions lli:l (he seducing owl makes iL^e of at n iNirn door when liii' little birds are passing by. The Atlicnian Areopiifiu would have made her veil her face. By ginid forliiiii, however, age rendered (he English magistrate iiiviilmr able to the shafts of her eyes, her smiles, her gestiim. It was a fine contrast iMtweeii that siinill well dn'ssfd head, and the full curly wig of tlie judge, wliiili ili'- seeiiilid oil his shoulders like a lion's iiiiiiie, IhIhiiii the laughing, sparkling eyes of the young ludy, nnil llic severe eyebrows iiiid tin; speelaelrs of the se.xagen.iriiiti judge! She sri'ineil placid Ihi'ie by a iminlcr for Ilir lelicity of Ihe eoiilra>t, as lliey always place tlii! Vircm Miiry near Ihe ohi Saint Joseph. In relation lo llii>, I have ollcii heard my dear eonntrywomen (who know well Ihe elVecl ol' eliiitrasl) lake pleasure In iKiiig fiir- rounded by a saiihidriui of iigcd •Siiiicoiis : there i.s iiul iH'rhaps a finer cuiilrast than n Susanna lictwceii lim Elders. One of (he prisoners was convielnl of horse. sliiiliiif. a crime piini:ihcd with deutli In Enj^land, on account ol tlio high iiinioj;, our, tlic court uj, rials l)('(;an in it, ailicu that il is i^ It at the Mtlill;,,i| lonjjht, on tlieci, L'lictration, iiiiiliV : robuxt iind liatiii itcned in the forin;', ;c, Fcx, nnil riiik ij 111! courts or li;;, ly years have ]»» il, ill a grander ai,j are suitublo to ol" the island. 1),. the judges, fur ly lie barristers, llin; iplc, and a gidkrj i TO clcvatecl cl;is!c< abblc in EnglLiid; LT conlbunditl uisi co\irts arc alwavi polite towards mi lie fate of Ibe prise llic city of York.l itlinuinbersol'lov'i, cant villas to sec jr.!; n they were iiidm iitories of flowers ; I sight of them Inril, the Itonian furunJ :cupy the open sn:. rtTsiiperlluous tore r at the bur with they were gnin;;: lage is very dillVru: ho songht, witlitus ishevelled h:.ir, ;ii< of their judges. 1; room I'ur cxeilemcr.:- r the rhetorical llo« i, nor would proilui irn by tlie judges sM I inely simple in tliix 1, and the mnjrslji i ' ' in Cicero, arc fni| d petty juries a slmtt lir mention ol' a man who was to he |itl the petty juryllio ilti'd simply nii Ik 1 one eomMiilled in )ws : he tmiehed m alUlsion to the rw pie, destitute of iiii, [ilnral tone, and will ipiircs by the lialjil THE ITALIAN EXILE IN ENGLAND. 149 fc.lllll-'U l-gowncd, bc-wicctd. ed a young l.idy.- imos enjoy of ^illill^ |l they do not liiil lo |. 'I'liis young liiily 111 a most ample Ihw- Ibaiuls of vuriiius ti- ll a-blazc with yoiiiii jiful, butdnngeriiiis; those motions llnl liarn door when liie [ihenian Areopncui Hy gmid li>rluiii, |nagislrale iiivuliut liniles, her geslurrf. small well dressil ' judge, wliieli ilf- Im's mane, bt Iwini onng ludy, and llif jf the gexageliiirlaii 11 piiinler for llif |-K place the VirLin relation In lliis 1 iromeu (who knmv ■Hire in Ising nit- lu'ons : llicre' is aul Imnn botwccii im w. liieility of its conim.ssion ; the farmers, as I observ- a u'lbre, turning out their horses to feed in the open ,,|d:i, wi'liiout any keeper. The judge informed him lat the punishment h'; had incurred was that of death, t apprised liim tliat it would be commuted to transpor- lionfor liff- Tliis immanc apprisal called to my mind cruel clcmencv of certain rulers, who sufter the con- d to remain in ignorance of the mitigation of leir punishnient, to the very moment of execntion, — llie snalfold itsilf : the greater part of the Austrian iKlicrs to whom tlicir pardon is comiiumicatcd only at . moment when, on tlieir knees, and blindfolded, they ait llio four balls in the forehead,-— remain all the I of their lives fei.'ble minded, or absolute idiots. \iiollier of the pri.sinicrs, thinking to avoid ])art of his jii.^liinent by confessing his crime, wlien asked if he li'ei! to plead " guilty" or " not guilty" ; replied uilty" T'"^ ju'lpT" made him observe, that this would I clci him the least seiviee, and that it was still time to act his plea. Another lesson for those tribunals on continent, where, among the other iniquities com- tlcd with closed doors, it is customary to tempt the used with insidious snares of pretended evidence, :e confessions, accomplices, &c. Vlien I observed the frank and earnest manner in which wiliiesses deimscd to what they had heard and seen, ■hrii I saw gentlemen and gentlewomen appear in liox without repugnance, or shame, — when 1 read in public journals that the Duko of Wellington and ,nv otiier loids were cited, or voluntarily pre iti'il themselves to give evidence in favour of a pri- , I called to mind a passage in the IGtIi volume of noiidi's History of the Italian Republics, in which, a proof of the eifects of the degraded, mercenary, 1 arbitrary administration of the laws in some of the iian governments of the ciglitcentli century, M. Sis- idi adduces the horror the very name of a tribunal led wi'.h il, the inevitable infamy of whoever was ly accused, the disgust which the lower officers of :c inspired, and the shame, the scruples, and the or experienced hy every one nt ap[x!aring to bear liel'nro a judge. 'I'lie admirable observations of .siininiidi are still apiilicable to many of the tribiuials uorlli of Italy. Il re I only speak of the English mode of procedure, iKc it is known to all that the penal laws are mon- isly disproportioned to the heaviness of the otfenecs,* t the jury, not being able to acquit the prisoner of t!id, nrteii correct the excess of the law, by classify lie crime a degree lower in the scale. Of this 1 was ir a witness; a ]iick|)ocket would liave been sen il to a very severe punishment fiir a thell he had initlid of a handkerehief, which the owner v.ilued at liilliags. Thi^ jury found the accused guilly of the luid, lieing obliged to declare what was the value of iloleu property, decided that- the handkerchief was worth one shilling. The pick|x)cket coiidueled his ilefeuce, and inlirrogated the prosecutor with the liiiiily mid dexterily his trade would lead one to look fill' di'liiiipients of other descriptioUH arc generally I iirll'ul in their defence. ijiiiiiee is ahiiost totally eveludcd from criminal I'lie eiiniisel fur the prisoner may make as many oh ilicins ami examim^ as many witnesses as he chooses; 1 liirhidilin to excite the passions, or to address ii;i tin l!ii I. In eases, however, of thell and he I (111 nol know «hy, and it wouhl bo dillicult t the prisoner's eiiimsel cannot deliver any speeeli, II, ly eiiiss-exainiiie witnesses, and supply his client I ilel'iiiee in wriling. The prinoner may sjM'ak as 5s lie wishes, and may also read his own defence, ry r.irely avails himself id'liis right; in fact, what i< lliere of specious eloqiiriiee, when the procedure larrii'd on with open doms, in preseiiee of the .iiiid HJlli Ilie most delicate precaiilinns in liivour irliiiuiali, is it.-:i If a defence worthy of t'ii'eni ? aie has a liiirer field in the civil causes. It wa; 111' till -e I s.iw, ill opposition, at York, the two Mild eiiiiiiselliirH, llrongham and .Hearli^tt. 'I'lii \v,i» 111' a rat her singular nature, and such as then My is no exiiiiiple of in the annuls of Athens and The i|ui -sliiiii was, who were the rightful owner liile, Hliieli was miirtally wounded by ii ))arty of .ai.d drairgeil ashore out of the sen by some (islu r- Ihii Kiiliji et was siillleienlly licary to eiiipluy nil III of horN, 111 H lllcll Hie I'alllii of llli) iiynler Is K.i e|ii , nilli iinaliiiliil iiileiesi; nor eoiilil liiey iiiiis|.ii ailii .-ihm/ii iit'iiaaiil." t lliiieliaioiii', iillhiniuli n creal wriler, Is only Ilie roniiiieiilai,,! on a le«lslaniiii whieli preceded liiin. rectify any error or onilssioii he may fall into. 'I'lie jury take, ill general, two or three iiiiniites to ascerl.iiii tliiir unaiiiniity, niiJ declare tiieir jiiiigineiit. If the ae- cused be Ibuiid guilty, the judge bus nnly to apportion the punishnient to tiie quality of the olVenee. This done, the tragedy is over; there is no lunger room for appeals, for *' cassations," or tor open processes, as if a man could lie guilty and not guilty of an act. Where did we go In find the labyrinth of our criminal proei dure -' I may l-e deceived, but certainly the English system has, if nothing else, the advantage of simplicity and celerity ; and, in tl e same manner that the liberty of the press, true and iiii. injured, corrects all the del'eets of a gnveriimeiit, it ap- pears to me that the imlilieily of tri.ils, united to the in.^ilnlioii of an independent jury, obviates all the ininn- venicnces that a metaphysical legislator, v\illi his laws that turn moUhills into mountains, would discern in such a kind of procedure. We have books, and the English have institutiiins. Without the boast of having given to Knrope the Eilaii- gieries, the Reccarias, the Matteis, the Servins, the Mon- tesquieus, they possess an excelknt procedure. \\'e bi'- lieve that tlie profession of a judge requires the most prolbund study, a mind the mo.st acute, incessant labour, in fine, we believe it a iirofession reserved for a few pri- vilcged beings. On the contrary, they, by applying the great maxim of the division of labour, have rendi red the business of a judge most easy, at least a good half of it. Having separated the judges of the fact from t'lose of the punishment, they liave hy this means ell'ected llii.s great end, that the positive knowledge of the laws is re- quisite only for the latter, while for the others rectitude and common sense are snfiicicnt. The judges, in their ermined scarlet gowns, and large wigs, with the title of " .My Iiord," are, and ought to be, real ade]its in tlic law ; while the members of the grand jury are simply genthmicii and men of property, ignorant of every kind of law; and those of the jietly jury are mere shopkeepers, shoemakers, or tailors, provided only with tlie great science of common sense. The institution of the jury is so public an exercise of rights and equity, that it caniiot but contribute to inc lid the morals, and inilueiice the good conduct, of the lower orders of the people. It eaii.ses sur- prise and pleasure at once, to find, in the midst of cities full of luxury and vice, that same integrity and sense of right in the pcoiilc, that are scarcely to lie found even among the simple and nnnnphislicutcd iuhabituiits of the mountains of Switzerland. I resume my narration : On the Sunday that siicccedi d two sittings of the assize, the two judges went with the juries and inagistr.ites, to the largest clinreh, with se- lemiiity. It is a eu.stoni at the assize, fijr n sermon to he preai bed befure the Cdnstitncnl members of the court; the admirers of Sterne will find in his works a most ex- cellent one, delivered on a similar occasion. This so- lemn alliance of religion with justice, cnmmuiiicates to the latter a saeredness which is very useful to sixietv. Air. llenlhani has observed, that all the ceremonies, and certain impiising lonnalities, in the Kdininistratinn of i:riininal justice, make as deep iiii impression on the minds of the people, as the pains and punislunents thein- .selves. A criininal trial is a real tragedy for the people. The ancient (■ulhie arcliitei.tiire of the church, the psalms sung to the |H'aliiigiif the oigan, the sincere'contritiun of all present, lill'eited me to the soul, and indneiil nie to venerate those religions rites which else iniglit have iiiiivid my l.iugliter. Slavrry produces a nausea of every thing; and, when we know no hniger how snllieiently to vent our anger at our comlilion, we tiini it against reli. gioii, against lelter-s, against operatic spi i lacks, — we b< o in every thing a prnthicer of our hlavery, In a free cniin. try, England fiir eximiple, the iiiiiid always satisfied, sweetened by lilii riy, alive to the benefits — the maternal priitection of tin laws, the mind is in peace with all, hives every institution, every custom, iK'cause it iHlicves them the authors of its lia|)piiiess, and endures abuses mid incimveiiicnecH with untiring patience. The lidlowing d.iy i mie on early Ibn trial of n tar- [leiiter, who had, tliroii; i jealousy, killed his wife by ro|)cated blows of n hamiiier. 'I'lie emirt was erammed full of people; if I must sjioak the liiitli, it displeased inc tl see a great luimlier of well ediieateil yming hiilies among the speetalois,— I should have liked, at least, to whisper in their ears, thai Iliey should reiiiember never more to blame the SpaniHli gills liir taking pleasure in ii hull-light, 'i'lie eiilpi it appeaii'd al the liar w illi a trail, qilil mien. Tlii-, linilal ( llliellu mi'IiiimI ili lirmined to bear his sciiteiieo of ile.ilh Willi intrepidity. All ryes were fixed iipini him, the iiii iiiliiiiale lieiu ol' tliii day. -Ml Ilie aiixiotis in iiiili iiioiiieiil^ in watch the clUirtB of Ihe glruggle, llint nsliiele man is tin n i.lili|;i<<| to lustuiii % «?■-♦. ■■-■ ■ hti m lli ' ' I'ft'ii, '^■-■' ^, ■ > '■ 1 i> V ' 1? ':;! I --SIS .'*i» 'j'i ^"j 4 ':-*;•" '?'■: r !-■-•. ^!i J. tiff f) >«; ■'■■ *^r- Vt ■**■ KM »^fl r^ \ 150 THE ITALIAN KXILR IN ENGI-AND. against llie wliole body of society, wliicli, nrtneil iifjaitist liiiii, yet leaves liiin tlio privilege of defending liiinpolf. None of tijc siwclatora, however, I believe, experienced emotion greater than mine. 1 rrnicmbcred at that moment, that, sonio years before, I was to have been placed in a Bimilar conflict, from which only the favour of tbrtuno enabled me to escape, and I pictured to my- self the bar, bolbro which, without witnesses, without counsel, witliont the presence of the public, my friends were condemned to death ; — " And as till man that scap'd willi failing brcatli From Ibitli the sea upon iho desert shore, .I'nrns buck and gazes on the Hood of death. So too, my soul, still Hying — " turned back at tliat moment to contemplate tlio iniqui- tous sentence which then awaited mo ! — But lot us get on. When the judge was about to commence liis ques- tions, a great noiso was hoard, and it was found to arise from the prisoner, who, abandoned by his courage, fell backwards "as falls a lifeless corse." The jailor, and two surgeons, ran to liis assistance: every means was tried to rcstoro him to sensation. lie, meanwhile, teized with violent convulsions, contorted his body in a thousand ways. After eomo time, he camo to liimsell again, wiped his face, and stood up again at the bar; but, as soon as the judge, in a benignant voice, asked him if ho was in a condition to take his trial, Uie pri- soner answered "Yes," and swooned anew in the very act. I was all pity at this, when ono of tho counsel, lors, who, by tlio habit of their profession, nro apt to become too sharp-sighted and in.seiisible, told ino that lio did not desorvo our compassion. He had noliced. that, in swooning, his counttnanco had not at changed wolnur, and that the fire of his eyes w.is not at all darkened, far from being entirely cxtinguis cd, as is usually tho case in fainlings. '• Therotbro,"' sujijoincd he, " this is all art and hypocrisy in the pri- soner, to soften his judges to pily, or gain a day of liib." So iiuicli trouble und dissimulation to gain a day of life I said I at first to myself, stoically ; but I afterward recullectcd th.it those llomaiiH who were prodigal of their lives, and died like lieroos for their country, when they presented themselves in tho foruin, dishevelled their hair, rent their ganncnls, rolled ihemselvcs in the dust, and left nothing untried to move the pity of the judges, and avert the scythe of death from "dear life! lXcrsceution8 of 17!I3, the liouso of no diswintiir has been iiurnt or plundered ; opinions, thaiiks to "education, have lMM:omc milder and lesti acrimonious ; but such is tliu bad odour in which the English hold an unlK'liever, that it is iJuioHt ci|uival<'nt to tho Roman punishment of interdic- linn from fin; and water, it is more tlum a Papal excom miiniuilion, becauso public opinion supports it; tht greater part of the English ily his society. What Burke says in his "Observations on Iho French Hevoliition," aliiiul thu veneratiiin tlio English nobility always profi^sH for religion, isipiilotnir. From JJolingbroko downwards il WHS perha)m only T,ord Byron (among the nobles) who dared to direct sarcasms ngaiiist reli<;ion, und he eiicotm' tercd censure on every side. Uentlmm and Godwin |, of them commoners, have suftcred it to trniis|nr(. b their works that they aro deists, and for that rcii!.nn^ not enjoy that pojiular esteem in their own country «|j,( their works deserve. 1 hero arc many more who Hiij, like Bentham, but tlicy aro as cautious as Cicero's aum, when they met in tho streets of Rome; I would m,j„ that Voltaire is more read in Spain alone than in tlicfei kingdoms of Great Britain; but not to mention \i' printing irreligi i sure to find few wJ contempt. Iflij^ )rs on the taste vtr. !irs ago, an ordarJ Taylor by nanio,tiJ don n Bocicly oft4 iCiisB tho existoTml :vening tho subjtclJ f all religions, ati igland." But sclij (iidcd by raps ouo tho society was toil ylor is under iiroscj If the fonnder ai:ilf iblc, the society «■« ro years it did ; In J BR. I had a legal cxisteJ lie, in England, irianism was Rtill nj ch than now, anilr inity and atlieisin: has grown cool, i cos and the last buml iiucli respected, llBir irofesHors of that if commons, for iiisia &c. ;es its descent froml ko a noise in tbc ii^ |o unitarians had ; Khows the incroal 1' in tho govcrnmoiiij jndon, in 17TI. Vl public cstablisbmtjl Ithe intrepidity, the r to us by Ilia discom Icy, of whom tlm J Is ouo of their wi.'a lie was a member, to avoid nn ill reception from many oi' Ilia colleagues. Finally on the 8lh of April 1 71)4, at the a"H of sixty-two, in order to escape, once for all, froiinx^rsecution, he abandoned England, and went, with l,is family, to settle in the town of Nortlnnnbcrland, IVnnsvhania, in the United States of America. Foreign- ers liv their esteem and aifcction, repaid him for the in- justice of his countrymen : tlio national assembly of France constituted him a French citizen ; and several departments of the republic, when tho convention was est'ii)lishcd, invited liim to become their representalivc. The ennvcntion, in tho sequel, conferred tho honour of cilijrnship on his son, \nd otFered him the same; but it ^v,^.•i (Icrliiicd by both. Arrived in America, ho was vi^led and honoured by jwrsons of high distinction, the prolessnrshiii of chemistry in the University of I'ennsyl- ' iinia WHS oH'ercd him, numbers h'camo followers of his iclJRioiis doctrines, — and he could freely, ojienly, and triiii(|niily make his profession of unitarianism. This Hi'rt ill lOiigland generously assisted him with money in nil Ills vicissitudes. It is worthy of observation, that while Slieridan, many years afterwards eonsiiiciions for iiiililieul eloquence and his comic genius, was aliaiidoiiod, liv liiM li-iends and his party, in extreme indigence and iiiiserv ttto days before his death, Piiestlcy was always (,(lliii'iit,tJirougl) the liberality of his fellow-sectarians; — Hiieli ia the ditferenco between iwlitical and religio is f'liiaticipin !• Fnmi the persecution endured by Dr. Priestley (which I have given an account of for that purpose,) and from those which the catholics continually suffer in Ireland I'rniii the Orangemen, it may safely lie inferred, that in lln^'laiid ruiij'-ous liberty is not so solid and inviolable as in Holland, o: i.he Ihiited States of America. Dr. Priestley hold tlie doctrine of necessity ; that is, that every thing if for the best. This Panglossian philosophy kept liini firm, rea<1 l>y ulllt) of niiiney whii'ti wftre liivitilied or ilii' liMiili'. while I'rieslli'y, ihe chuin|ili>ii ot a seel, was In he sim tniiiwl lor ruiiiio eiruilB,— i.U selytis in (Jalcutta, among the idolaters; to which end lie still piescivcs the title and habit of a Braliinin. As to the npiiiiuii of Voltaire, that our times arc no longer favniira- IpIc to new ri ligions,^-of i\n: twenty other Kccts which have arisen since Voltaire wrote his treatise on Socinus, I will here only make mention of tlic methmlists, who now amount, in F.iigland, to more than a million, and arc ctill more numerous in America. METHODISTS, RANTEHS AND JUAIPERS. When Voltaire hazarded that opinion of his, he had not rellscted that flic frro iiuiuiry which is the foundation of the Protestniit rrligloii, will 1m: a pen iiiiial ioimtain of new opinions, to which piety and ambition will give chiefs and liillowcrs. Man is an ape;; when he is a slave, he loos nothing but imitate ; but when his mind is free, it is not content with copying, but goes in search of variety, of novelty, nay, even ot'exinivaganci'; and delights in ar- riving at the same end, by a hundreil dillennt ways. In politics, how many kinds of government have nations in- vented when they were masters of the soh'ctuinl IIow many clill'cient republics were there in ."Magna (orcein, and in (irrrcr, before the time of . Aristotle ! How many ditlin^iit furiiis still were there in Italy, in the middle ages! How many dillVrent constitutions are there every- day in Switzerland ! All had liberty for their aim, but each chose a different way of obtaining it. Thus, in literature, the aim is the beautiful and the pleasing, but by bow many different paths does it arrive at them I Uni- formity, unanimity, is, in general, only the effect of op- pression and despotism, which draws up, mcdilies, and arranges, all brains into one mould, in the same manner as bricks and tiles. To make oneself iJio founder of a sect, is not an enter- prise so very arctnrians, diller little, or not at all, in their car lers and jumpers are, however, to say tho truth, a Utile extravagant in their a.'renionies. I wislicd lo eco llie juiiipors ; Ui<>y are accustomed lo Jump, at tho sauiu time singing, " Clory, Glory," until tlieir strength liiiling, tliey llill on tho ground. The most robust are tbo most uien- torioiiB. 'X'his new kind of I'antomimists I should have liked, to 8COT, or tho cor. roBjionding communion of the sect. The ranters liavi no priosts, Ihosn among them who ara the leoHt clownish, and tho boldest in public speaking, take the part of min- istera. Tli(! form of the communion causistB in the handing of pie versa, tJie Sunday schools for poor children being first established in tho elmrcb, the dissenters, not to be behind hand in the work of charitable instruction, eagerly set up Simday schools for tlic children of their own |K'rsnasion. Thus you sec, the good ellccls of this rivalry are much greater than tho bad." " It ajipcars lo me, madam, that you are very well prepared lor these discussions; but pray does not govern, inent lose some of its [lowcr by Ibis multiplicity of discor- dant opinions ?" Here the lady cast down her eyes, and went on with tho landscape she was drawing as a keep- sake for a female friend, suspending the argi:i";ntoii liur side, because the English ladies never enter into]Hilitieal disputes. In her place, a gentleman, who, while reading the newspaper, had heard our discussion, look up Iho conversation by observing, " If tlie hand of government is not so strong, the danger of its despotism is the less : you must be awaro that tlie dissenters wore tho champi- ons of Uie revolution under Charles Iho First. But wo will leave thoso strong limes to thcmsclve.'s, and speak of other advantages procured by them, wilhout fiuiutielsiii and without bloodshed, To the multiplication of sects wc arc indebted for niajiy changes favourable to liberty, I»lli riligious and jiolitical. It is lo their j)erseveraneo and llie increase of^ tlieir umiilK'r, that we owe Ihe almost total destruction of tlic doctrino of the divine right of kinj,-H_and bishops, which, one hundred and fifty years ogo, under Charles the ;Sc'Cond and .lames tho Second, wa» stoutly maintained by tlie greater part of the members of the cliurch of England. It is olso a eoiisetpienco of the sects having become powerful, in numbers, in learned meu, iu wealth, and in illustrious examples, tliat the low- er orders of tlie jicople are no longer tho close allies of the church they were in the reigns of the two first tleorgcs, when tliey were always ready, at the BlighU'st signal from the clergy and the country justices, to throw thcinselvcH on tho nonconformists, and level their conventicles with the ground. Tho people is no longer tho leviathan, tlio ferocious beast in whose form Ilobbos iM'rsonificd it, ready for violence, ond furious when its master gave the signal. Now Ihe lower classes ask for reason lieforo llicy act. Many ecclesiastical abuses havo been exposed to their view, and many religious errors of the church trium- phantly confuted, and now Ibey are nshamed of being, as they once were, held in vassalage by the eliureh, and obliged lo take the field nt the cry 'The church is in ;!:-,;*rv,: '■■'-.■ i.:';v ' •■, ■■■I m n ■ % ..>'4 i.^. 'm ■^ a Ki\ * I.aiicafiti.-r wore the gailiof Fiii'iils, Inii was not a iiicinlier — l.')2 THE ITAMAN EXILB IX ENGLAND. ■■Il' ' i| i\^:' M';1* I-- .-,)>• danjor !' Tliis i^ tlio point of viiiw in wliicli the sorts ouijlil to be reffardeil, and not in tliut of tlic tlieolojjical disjmtutions hetwetn tlicin nnd the churchi or the cere- monies and ridirnloMs litcs ol'sonie of them." Here the lady, leaving otT her Hketchiiij;, and holdinj; the pencil with inHnile jfraee l)etwecn her lingers, asked iiie ifl had never seen the b.iptisinal ceremony ot" the sect eijled "Baptists." I told her, no; and then she ailded, " If yon go to morrow at eleven o'clock to tlie llaplitt ineetin^r- iionse, yon will see the haptisni of several young persons, wliieli is then to Im' celihrati'd ; go, hut l)e serions." 'I'he next morning I failed not to follow the adviet^ of my lovely devotee, and, exactly at elevi'n o'clock, entered a little, neit, and comniodiona eha|iel, holding not more than fijur or five hundred |ier»ons, which was that hclnng- ing to the Uaptists, wlio do not like to be called Anabap- tists, BAPTISTS. Tli« Ecrvioc commenced with tlio singing of some hymns, ai)propriate to the ceremony : then the minister made, or at any rate, recited iinpromjila a comment on the ])nssagc of the New Testament relating to the baptism of ( 'hrist in the river Jordan. He iusisti'd principally on the point, that the words of Jesus, and the example Bct by him, ajid followed by otluTS in the gos|)cl, were much to be preferred to human inventions (liy which he niennt the common form of baptism). If the premises were admitted, the inference would bo just. So con- vincing did tho reasons he gave apiicar to the preacher, that he could not help advancing and pressing on in his discourse, as a general vigorously presses on the rear of a Hying enemy. I was nut so much astonished at his ]xr"suasion that ho liad decided, without np|)eal, the fiucdtionj whether a n);m ought to have his head only immersed in the water, or enter altogether into it, — as in some degree mortified, at hearing myself told, by im- plication, that I was " (// Imptized." No matter — I n;- membcred I was in a land of toleration, and within my- self forgave the preacher the involuntary alVront. AHer the sermon, and alter some more hymns had been sung, the proselytes who wore to receive the ordinance, lilcd ntf into the adj.jining romns to strip. It is, of ennrse, necessary that the baptist chapels shoulil be built liki' bathing houses. In Ihcl, tliere was an ample cistern of water ill fr.nit of the puliiil, about lour feet deep, wilii Kleps to airend and descend. Adjoining the chapel, be- hind the imlpit, are two rooms for dressing and undress- ing, one for the women, and one tor the men. Tiiere were five young women to be baptized, bctweeu the ages of eighteen and twenty. They came out dressed ill a white habit, tied round tlio neck, with a large wliil etiif on their beads. Tiiese descended the steps one at a time, and placed tliciiiselves before the priest, win Btood imiiiersed to above tho knee in the water, in tlii- reproseiitalivo of the Jordan, enveloix-d in a large black guwn. The minister pronounced in Knglish, In fore the young woman also inimeised in tho water, the worils, " 1 baptize tlice in the name," &e. &e.; and, as soon as be had ultered these words, plunged tho jioor ycmiig woiii entirely into the water. Allcr somo splashing, she was quickly lillcd up again, and immediately taken away to be dried and drexsed. Some of them, i linked by the waler, set up a shriek in tlio very act of beiiij; ducked. Not so a young man, w ho was bapti/ed in the same style : of the age, pi'rhaps, of about twenty-live, bhck bearded, with none of his clothes oil', but in his coat, trowsers, waisteoat, and shoes, he entered as he was into the citern; and, as one aeiiistomed to swim across ;i river, underwent the ceremony as if it wire a mere wash. For. myself, I can only say that it was terribly hot In this crowded lillle chapel, being the first of June; and that the heat, more thin anything cKe, conviiieed me that the baptists have special good reason on lln ir hI.Ii' in the suniiner. I was told, however, that many nieiii- Ihts of the sect, not liking the" eerenmny cither in sum- mcr or winter, neglect receiving baptism altegellier ; which, with these sectaries, is not a sacrameni, or an essential right, but merely an explicit declaration (made at the age when a man knows what he is doing) lliatlie enters inli the coinmuiiinn of t'hristians. From the book of Dr. Rvaiis it appears that some of the baptists, in ordiT to be more consistent, and to (i)llow the gos|iel with the utmost |iop>ible exactness, instead of celebrating baptism in the artificial Jorilan, go to llii' banks of a real and actual river, and there dip Ihemselves with all tlie precision in aifinable. QUAKEUS. The banker. Fry, a rich quaker of London,* and a man extremely courteous to all the fonigners who have recoiniiiendations to him, the first day I made his ac- quaintance, invited mo to dine with him at his brother in law's, Ulr. Buxton, the meinlier of |>arliaiiient, and told me to ask for him, in order that be might present me to our host. At six o'clock precisely, I give a sono- rous knock at the door of Mr. Buxton's house ; the scr- nt, thinking inu one of the guests, o|>cns the door, and shows iiie the way to tho dining room, and I, believing it so arranged by Air. Fry, enter with all conliilenco and intrepidity ; when, behold ! I find myself in the midst of a great number of guests at table, witli no Ulr. F'ry to !«■ seen. Such a mishap might disconcert any body, and es|H'cially one who R|)oko ICiiglisli rather ill, and yet ought by rights to justify, by the finest phrases of the (f itiitei), his extemporaneous ap|)earaiice among unknown and astonished iiulividilals. But what would not bis surprise have been at finding himself, as I did, in the midst of the smoke of the viands, and_ several blazing ean'iinled majesties to explain in their own language (the heller to divert us) tlic eomplainls they were loiMrry Ix'fore the Knglish govcmmenl. The must advanerd in age rose up willi much complaisance, and delivered a discourse, whieli an interpreter, who tr.ivel- leil along with llieiii, alterwards translated for us. 'I'lu' most reiiiarkalile Ijiing in this savage harangue w;.s, llial Ihey were very much surpri;;eil that, allliough they bad been a iiionlh in London, f/ii ii Arn/Arr, the king of Knglaiiil, had not yet given them audience. Mr. liux- ton I'li'U look up the diseimrsn in Knglish (that they in Iheir turn might not understand a word\ and vindicated Ihe honour of his govcriiineiit by saying, that |K'rhaps the niultiplicily of nll'airs had till now hindered il from hearing Iheir eom|)laiiils, but that it would not delay doing Ihein justice. Let not this iormalily of spei ili- niakingapixar ridiculous, liecanse it is the national ciis- ♦ 'Pin- b-iiikin? Iioiieenr wliii'li Mr. Try was n niriiiber linn, \\i al ■ il'loniHiI, wilirr laij il. -/■.(/, f 'I'll.' iiiiakerH rail llhir bitI "The Hmlely nf Krleii,l.i," I slini|i(l iKil liaMt inailt' iihc of ttle iiatiiM ijuafirr, wtiii-ll in l:^l:li^l is a lerin el'liule rr'sperl, wt'le it intl tlif liuiiii! by wlii.'.h llir^^i wflarle^ art* kimwa in Uti\y. torn lit every dinner ot' any ini|M)rtancii to follow the forms of parliament. As almost all great atfuira art carried on at dinner, it was necessary, to avoid the con. fusion and uproar that would otherwise arise during H^. circiilalion of tlic bottles, to adopt parliamentary iisaircs. This has so penetrated into their most familiar hahlts, that Ihe English never talk all together in chorus {as liny do ill certain countries); but, amongst tlieni, lulk- ing'onc alter another is a tiling as natural in a discus, sion as putting out one leg after the other in a walk. I must here observe, by the by, that among the other re- semblances (and I could iioint out many, were this llio projier place) between the British empire and the an- cient liomaii, is that of the protection which the nicm- bers of the house of commons or English senate otl'cr, with a laudable pride, to individuals, provinces, amj kings of all the world, who think themselves aggrievtO. Thus Mr. Bu.xton had engaged, with the assistance of his friends in parliament, to procure tho re|>aratioii nf the wrongs of these four Indian caciques, if their cliar(;os should prove well founded. Justice is not always done, nor can it always be done, in the English parliaiiionl; but injustice is at least published to all tho world, by the sound of the trumpet. How many kings and emperiirs, who flattered themselves with the hope of concealinj; their crimes beneath the mantle of justice, have been there unmasked and shown to all their conteni|iorari(R, with the dagger in their hand with which they assassi. naled their subjects ! The iKililencss of these caciques was extreme. After tea, witliout waiting for much asking, they sung amj danced according to their Indian manner. Althniii,'li the quakers ajiprovo of neither music nor dancing, ji seemed to mo as if the friends and fricndesses, who were there present, took the song and dance of tliesr royal personages in excellent part, though the former was horrible and the latUr frightful. But such is Ihe sorcery of the very name of king, that had tlieri^ lieni ilraw many speelalurs togclber on this ilay. Tin' iiurM miinerous audience, however, is composed of from liirty to fifty unifnrnily and decently dressed women, wliii are luider sentence of traiisportalion. Of these 1 will B|Kak presently. Meanwhile Mrs. Fry made her entrance, with a cnnii- Icnance of surenily, and a mien nnlurally mnjeslic, «e. eoiiipanied by two other quak.'r females as aUhs-ite-ramf. and look Inr scat nt a lillle table in the midst of the roiiiii. on which lay a large Bible, with the gravity of nn areli. Iiisliop. Allcr reading some verses aloud with a clear voice and ilislinet pronuneialion, she delivered n cnni- meiit la- riillier n sermon upon them, which from ilssim plieity coiilrasled strongly with Ihe figurative and orieii- * S'vllii! ruliliMiriliuH|wnkliig An innU(i TIIK ITALIAN EXIIiE IN FNGLANO. IfiS CO to t'ollow tin (jreiit atViiira art ,o avoid lliu con. arise during iln. imcntury usaucs. liiiiiiliar imliiis, LT ill chorus {as injjst tlioiii, talk- lurul ill a discus. ceially orphan houses and free schools, that I should he very iniieli surprised, if, comparing the small area of this city of twenty thousand inhabitants with that of Mo of its plan. It is seated on an eminence, about half a iiiih' fidiii the city, and at much the same distance from the river (Mise. In front, an ngree- ablc prosjieet oik'Iis, of a fertile plain, scnttereil here niid •1 ■■ ■, I/' •' ; ;■'. .■■■i''"-i| , '. i:- ■•'V y.i \i-^: :■ . ■ . •" 1 " ' ' ( ' * ' (■ ' f , -»-;-^ klf ' :..f^ ' .yi ; f J If. I V A.> ■M„i 1 • \i'' n ■ . 4 ■r.V I m 1;!' p 154 the: ITALIAN KXILE IN ENGLAND. ^r'^ . - there witli cluiii|i9 of trec!); — and, towiirUn the iiDrtliunst, a chain of liills at tliu distaijuu uf twciity-Kvc iiiiK's, closrs till! horizon. Every thin;; in tho house hrealhes tlie same sinipUcity, coriii.ihty, order, and (juietness, wliich r(:i;;ii in private families. When I was there, tlie superiijteiid- cnt liimself liaij the kindnes.j to nceoni]mny nie through- out, and to satisfy all my emiuirioa. Conunoncing from tl e door, I cmihl perceive Hothinfj to awaken the idea of a prison : no window bars, no iron (fates, no fjuards. On the contrary, I liiund that every idea even of seclusion is removed. At tliu entrance 1 met Rome limiule 8ervant.<, buxom imd Ray, with the most Horid liealth imprinted on their cheeks. I was intro- duced into a reception room, on tlic; ground lloor, as clean and well furnished as that of an Knglisli gentleman. J visited the whole of the! hus]iltal, from top to liottoni, cast, ing a curious oye through all the chandlers, and 1 saw neither chains, nor iron l)nrs ; — I heard no cries, no howl- ing, no lanuntations, — all was in the utmost neatness, no had smell, and every where the most |)crfect vcMitila- tion. Out of ahmit eighty |)atients, male and female, there was not one in a slate of coercion. I.ct the reader be assured, that in this 1 do not use false colours or e.v- aggerations : in this matter, truth is a duty more than ever sacred! In the day, each sex lias two court yards to walk in, and two rooms to meet in, with a fire, surrounded by a guard, shut at top like a cage, to prevent any accident, but the windows are not ]|.rated. In the sitting room of till' i)uiet mad people, they arc three feet and a half wide, and six feet high, with the panes fixed in sashes of painted iron, instead of li^ad; the only precaution taken, mid a most judicious one. In the room set apart fur Ihc raving, who never e.vceed seven or eight out of eighty, the glass windows are doubled, and four feet and a quarter t'roin tho ground, to take away from the patients too reaosite system, that of mildness, is practised, not only with children, not only with kings and niadiuen, but even with anim:ds, and es|K'cially horses. The good results leave no longer any doubt which of these methods is preferable. In respi'ct to madmen, it is now confirmed by experii iHo, that not only are severe and coercive methods p. riiieious, but that it is necessary to withdraw from the senses and the imagination even the idea of rigour, much more that of chains and imprisonment. 'I'lie average number of inadinen restrained with cords or strait waistcoats rarely exceeds two. In cases of raving madness, the p.atient is merely shut up in a dark and (piii t room, that he may Im; dojirived of the excite- ments of light and .sound, besides that of external objects, which are apt to licat the fancy. Solitary confinement in darkness is an ellicacious remedy, already tried with good success in the prisons of I'hiladclphia (which were also established by a quaker, with a new code of regula- tions,) to Bol\eii the sjiirit of incorrigible criminals. This isolation disposes the maniac to sleep, and, if he shows no di9|K)sition to suicide, the strait waistcoat is not )iut on, and he can walk about and extend himself at wi" ujioii his bed. Those amongst tliem who arc disjiosed to suicide, are in the day time restrained by a strait waistcoat, and in the night tied down in their beds, but HO that they can freely turn themselves. This lx.'d is so ingenious, tliat I uni sorry it cannot be well described in words. When I entered the sitting rooms, Rome were playing, Honic reading, some writing ; while others were collected alxmt the guard Rurrounding the fire. In the women's rooms, most of the inmates were at work, and a person coming in, without being apprised iH.'forehand, would believe liimsolliecary of the hospital. He is a viry courteous qiiiUier, and, alter having satisfied my curiosity on all points, otleied to lend me Mr. Tuke's book, in wliieli that gentleman, — another qiiaker, — gives a succinct history of the establishment up to tlie year lf^l3. I leeoMuiieud the |ierusal of this most judicious work to all medical nun, and dlri'efors of charitable iii- stilulions ; it contains only about tliree hundred pages, and costs no more than lour or live shillings. CKNI^RAl, OliSHRVATlONS. 1st. Tiie great merit of this establishment is, the siiu- plieily of the Ircatnunt. I never saw that of Aversa, in the kingdom of Naples, but, tVom what I have read of it, it apjiears to me that the wonderful cures etVeeted there, arc rather to be attributed to the wisdom and sagacity of tho director, than to the method, which is not very easy of iiuitation; in fact, it hiis never yet been imitated, that 1 know of. On the contrary, the system followed 11 the retreat at York, is so easy, is so completely tlie nvention of jrood sense alone, that every intelligent man is capable of following it. 'i'liis is the ineoniparab'e ad- vantage of all the Knglisli institutions ; that nation does not run after the dillicult or the extravagant, but the useful. Hence, instead of the complicated system of I'estalozzi, in popular education, it adopted that of schools of mutual instruction J thus, in manufactures, it lets its neighbours make the gorgeous gobelins, tho brilliant bijuiilfiits, — articles of fiuicy, while it cultivates the inanulactures that siip|)ly the world with elothiug. A system, a inethod, an invention of any kind whatever, when it is not adapted lor common use, and demands in its execution more than an ordinary capacity (which is the gill of Ix'w, very few,) may be a wonder of the world, and the glory of an iiulividual, but will not iiRi-easi 'e wealth or happiness of a nation. 'I.'lic system, liow'- i r of the Ifetrcat, from its facility and siniiilicity, has o,. , ailopted without difliciilty by many similar establish, iiients in Kngland : it has been the model after which many other hospitals have corrected their numeror.'s and ahnost uicredible abuses. The licispital that .cecdcd best in its iniitations (and perhaps surpassed tin o.'iginal,) is that railed the " Kunatic Asylum," • -h h in 1774 was built, also near the city of Yor., v a iiospilal for the insane of a part of tlie county. Tho old building liciug biu-nt, and a new ono aliout to be erected in ISM, and it being desired at the same tiino to suppress all the abuses of the old au Ministration, and the errors of the old method, that of the quakers was taken as a pat- tern, not less of economy, than the treatment of the patients. This other hos|iital contains one hundred and thirty madmen. The traveller will be surprised at tlie view of this building, at the walks shaded by old and branching trees wliich surround it, at tlie Iicautil'iil in- ternal galleries, at tliu cheerful rooms; but lie sirouldnot forget, that this establishment, such as it is, would not have existed but for the pre-existciico of that of the quakers. At one time, when darkness, chains, and pun- ishments, were used as the meaiiH of cure, it seemed as if inaduien (as tho physician Delarivo wittily observed) had invented that metliod as a euro for tliidr fellow mad- men. In this hospital for tho county of York, when the conllagration liujipencd, two madmen were burnt to I death, who could not make their eseajic in conscqiu m,. of their being chained. What first luudc the qnakirj in 1708 dcterniine on building a hospital for their oMn insane, was the death of nn individual of their sect in iln. county hospital, from ill treatment and neglect. If mili ncRS lias been substituted for barbarity, a reasoiiiilj, and economical system for a Btrnngc and cxpcnuiri- cj,, let the traveller recollect that the merit is due to ijn. Quakers' Iktreat, obscure in outward apjicarrnce, |,m not yet surpassed in intrinsic excellence.* ad. Owing to the economy with which the IJctrca is managed, it is now able to sup|>ort itself. The nthcr York hospital, on the same plan, has olso always ac an. mial surplus, wliich enables it to enlarge its buildini,".,to grant entirely gratuitous admissions to .several |««, patients, and to remain independent of the casual lil«. ralily of extraordinary legacies and donations. Ill this most important point of view, the charit.ibic ostablishnieiits on the continent are in general cxpi.-Kj to two inconveniences, — the difliculty of finding a I'liit. rous bcneliictor to furnish not only a sidfieicnt capital in build the edifice, but to enected inheritance, so that, in many states, the law has very jirovidently stepptil in to ]iut an end to such largesses. These two income, iiienecs disappear where nn i\ rangement has been ad(.|i|i j by which an annual income creater than the expense i« pi' (bleed. 'I'liis well-judge economy is still limitnl, '■' n in Ki gland, to the hospitals for the insane". 'J'fie hospitals for other mt ladies (to w'hi'li the admissions arc all gratuitous) arc luaintaiiicd in great part by uniiml subscriptior-. — I sn' in grcatpart, because some of tlim lire in the i :ijOyineni of ancient lnMiuests. Hut even tjiia se'con -.^ivc. The annual si ! ';riljcrs are easily foiinil i Engl 'id. As it is the custom there to board and 1 . e the lootincn and maid servants in tlie master's house, whcne;vcr one eif tlicin falls ill, the nu'.sler. if be is a subscriber, shares the expense of taking rare of him, by sciieliiig him to the hospital, which for neat, ness, quiet, order, i^nel sometimes lor elegance, tnay \'k with a gentleman's house. 3il. 'i'he government of England has no voice in tlw administration of the institutions of public beneflci'me', It never intcrti 's, except when the protection of (Hr- sonal liberty is in questiim, as it has often occurred, ttial, ill conscqiienco of complaints of tlic cruelties practJMil ill private or jiublic maelhouscs, it has orelored siifeul investigations, — by which the regulation was introdiieeJ, lli.at no patient can be received into a inadhouHc, williui:! a certificate from tlie meilical attendant, who is rcspcn. sible for giving it. In short, in England, bcncvokiiiv a t'ree, it is only malevolence that is enslaveel, 4tli. In this country every tiling is public, and good ■ "tioiis have a public recompense. For this reason, lii' ■ juations made to hospitals arc inscribed in letters uf t;old on their walls. When you ento- the siwcious hcis. pital for tho insane called New Iktlilem, you sec on a greit black table (to make the lietter display), wrillin ill largo gilt letters, the name of every benct'actor, and the sum lie contributed. 1'lie same black tables orna. niciit tho walls of the: beautiful hospital of Derby, wliith I aelviso every traveller to visit, to sec how the most usef'ul discoveries in physic and mechanics have liein applied to tlic ceiinfort of the poorest classes. The' rus- toni of taking the benefneteir's |)ortrait, observed nl Milan, would be still more flattering to human vanity, aiiJ would be worthy of approbation, if confined to those wlio give in tlieir lifetime, and not extended to those' nlin, from revi'uge) or sm>erstition, give oway at liicir ileatli what tlieiy can uo longer carry with them. .■ith. The averngo term for a cure in the Hetreat is m months, when the disease is not organic (that is, herr- ditary.) The expedition of the cure, and the niildiirsj of the melliod, are |K'rliaps to be attributed to the sofViMil character of madness in England. Education and tk cliinote render it less violent than in hot cliinate!^, and among those nations where the passions of iiii'ii n" continually irtilnted. Thu dilVerenco is visible in liit ^ (-1 • It In iirnlirilily iiiniilicd li» ihut ninr FratikHirt, tlvo mlH fmin rtillailflphin, tiniler tlie nmnniTi iiinit nt tlif pnnu' curi'iy. wlilcli wiisninile'lle'il ,ns n tnidH lii'aiiin nt aimr lliai nt Yurk.— W i|)C 111 coiii-cf the casual ijU. '>natinny. rw, tho charil.ilil,. ill Eoncnil cxpiiMcj of liiidin)^ a jr( !,►. sulficit'nt capital in an annual rt'V(iii>( vhi'te such a d the f''>er not li... scnti' I nt of cniii. ml Si ' ■.■rihors an le custom tlu re to aid servants in il,i falls ill, the iiuisltr. nse nf takinsT fan \1, \\ hich for iicai. iK'gance, may lit as no Toicp in (Ik utilie heueficciiii. I>roteeti()n of pir. 11 occurred, llijl, ruelties prailiMii as ordered spcii.l on was introiiuci li, madhouse, willim;! u'ho is respti.. lid, beucvoleiin' is veil. public, anxy.'5nis of anger, and almvo all in intoxication. 'J'lie ilriinken Knplishmaii jrrows sleepy and falls as if dead in the middle of the street, without aiinoyin); any body: the native of the south, intliienccd with wine, insults, iiu'iMces, fiphts, licnoincH worse than a Uodoiiioiit, and hv himself alone wakens up a whole street. It must tliiii lie exiiccted, that this same method, adopted in hot cmnitries, will not have so ready and lia[)py a success as in Kneland. Hut it will not for all tli.it, lie any the |,ss the most excellent of all the methods liitlierlo in use. All remedies, accordin;; to cliinates ortemperameiils, have more or loss of ellicacy; but tliey do not alter their nature. fith. The remark made by Iiockc, amonjr many others, on ohildren, that mildness rules them betlcr than rijrour, has contributed to suRaest, by analoKy, the method to lie pursued by those, who, haviiifr lost the jjuidance of reason, have lyrived at a second childhood. (Jannot, then, this same method be applied, by analogy afjain, to inliims, to scclu, to tactions, when they are overcome by the streiifjth of the passion.s, and fall into delirium I If, instead of tortures, of fimeral piles, of confiscations, and (if sealFolds, — mildness, humanity and reason, were cm- [il.iyed to assuaffc the passions of the multitude, how miieli less had Ixen the number of martyrs of religions iiil.ileranee, of political ns.sassinat.iiiiis, of the crimes and liorriirs, that have disgraced and imhrueanegyric on the character of the Dutchess of St. Leu; her encomium will be best exhibited ill the history of her life ; she was eX|>osed to the world's gaze, by the surpassing brilliancy of her fatlicr-in-law's actions, but the retlccted glar> only served to display her amiable virtues. These, ami the fame she has ac(piircd, are intrinsically her own ; she owes nothing to Na|)olcon, heyond that tortune which converted the delight of pri- vate life into the ornament of a throne. , From internal evidence we are led to conclude that the author of the jirestnt work is the Count de lii tjarde, whose visit to the Dutchess of St. Leu is described in the nineteenth chapter. Hcfore that intniduetion, he had composed a number of metrical ballads of the kind styled in Ercnch, Romances, several of which had previously attracted the attention of llortense, and were set to imi.-i( by herself. One or two highly flattering letters addressed by her to the count are inserted either in the body of the work or in the notes ; we may sately pronounce him at least a correspondent of the 'iiiitelu>s, enjoying in some degree her confidence, and it may be that the present work possesses still higher claims to the reader's interest and to complelo authenticity, from tho subject of it having supplied part of the materials herself. The spirit of M. de la Garde's poetry is transferred to his memoirs of an accomplished and unfortunale queen. It exhibits itself in romantic sentiments and flights of fancy, which, however appropriate in their native tongue, may aiijiear unduly elevated in their English dress. The translator must therefore disclaim all necouiitability for occasional loftiness of stylo, which it was impossible to soften, without destroying the character of the work. The expensive Euro|iean edition, contains the engrav- ings, ballads, and music (roniaiiees), c<'mposed hy llor- tense, with a likeness of her, as seated at the harp ; we regret that for obvious reasons we are compelled to omit these evidences of her talents. A niimbcT of illustrative rotes have been added to this edition in tin course of I nslalion, consisting chiefly of such extracts from the \arioU9 eotemporary memoirs as apiicared necessary for explanation, or interesting as additional details. We may safely antic ipate that tho present work will tic con- sidered a vaUiablu additi' i to the stock of autheiilie French biography with which tho Auiericuu public are already supplied. AUTHOR'S PREFACE. The French Revolution is thf most wnnderftil, and (Veil now, the most hiHuential tient of modern days. Uigim by popular masses, it was extended and at length termiiiiili'il liy ono who centred in himself all its genius and giant-like energy. This was Napoleon, whoso re- nown rises (iir above all eotemixirary glory, and whose name will he, hereiifter, the proudest in all history. The interest felt by every one in a great man, extends itself to all his intiinafi' connections, and more especially to his family, 'I'hat ol' Napoleon has In en a feifile sub- ject for those private iiiemoirs, which will one day figuio in history as its important materials. Some of them have added personal repiif.ifiim to the eelebrily oflhi'ir house; whlie others, devoted by their sex or character to more traii(|nil pursuits, have become tiimous for mental endow. Hunts and for a high degree of sensibility and greatness of soul. The fiirmer have commanded iiiiliomier being raised to splendour, is again precipi- tated into obscurity, from a mere olijeet of popular won- der, she iK'Comes a lit theme for the niedilalioiis of the philo.sopher ; he conleniplntes her struggling with adver- sity, and can esliinate her dignity on the throne, from her constancy in misfortune. When a princess is t'ifted with all those tliining rpiali- (ies, which, in adorning merit, emhellish the fairest gif^s of nature, a descrnt lioiii sovereignty only narrows her jHiwcrs of nsefuhiess. Ifemoved from the intoxicating incense of courts, she has still the balm of memory, the pleasures of reflection and the delight of conferring liap- piiies.s — a delight not less lively because its sphere is more confined. A woman like llortense reigns without royalty ; she wears her splendour as the ruby its purple. The empire that remains may will compensate a dia- J,f V... r, 1. 1' aiul ht'ciuiir a /ciilniis iuhncittc of the ri'turin ut' ubiisos, anrivilri>iiinti'il on thr ilitlrrrnt mili- tary coinniilli't's, lioni whiili ho niailo srvrial rrinark 'lilr ri'|u>rls, on llio oi'i;anisalion ol' tho National (■nai'il; Ihi ni.iiiili'ii.ini't' ol (lisri|iliiir in Ihi' army, anil thr nirans of lirolci'lin!:' till' rountry iVoni military iisin'|>aliiin. ( )ni iit'his nnistronslanl anil ai tivt' ii|i|>oni'nts was his hrothir, till' .Mari|iiis ilr l)raiiliarn:iis, wliii was also a nninbrr ol' till- assi nilily, lull ImIohkiiI to the Cell ihiiil. It is rrlali'il liy iMi'rrirr, in his rirlnri' of Paris, that till' viriimtr took a pKiniiiii'iit part in the |irr|iarulioiis lor thr lislival of llic liilrration, rrluhratril in tin' ( 'hanip cle ftlars, oil thr Mill of .Inly, ITIMI. lie li^Mireil in Ihe pro- ressioii, liariussiil lo thr same ear with the Ahln'Siuyes. Sineerely ilevoleil lo the tnie interests of his country, lie warneil the nohles that the time hail eome. when they must ileelare themselves; that us yet, nothing was done for the iK'ople, who had many just eaiises of eoinplaint, and that priiilenee alone could now avert hhmdshed and save lionis XVI. lliaiiliarnais was presiili nt of the national assemlily at the time of the kiiiy's lliirht, on the 'Jlst June, 17111. He (lis|ilayeil the true liriiiness of aiitii|uity ill aiiiiiiiineiii); to the deputies this disastrous inlellinenee. "tieiitlc- nii'ii," said he, on taking the iliiiir, "the kin;; set out last night: let ns pro 'led lo the order of the day." His dignity and' presenee of mind extorted adiniration even from his enemies, and proeured his re-eleetion to the presideney on the ensiling Hist of .luly. At the iIom' of the session, he joined the army of the north, with the rank of adjiitani general. Mis hehaviour at tiie rout of Mons, April «';ilh, I T!l-', w as highly eoinmended liy Hiroii, then general in ehiel'; and in the lieginning of August, the eommand of the eanip at Soissons was enlnisted to liim hy (General Ciisliiie. Atler the niemorahle lllili of August, the army eoiniiiissioners of the legislative «s- semlilv distiiiguislied him as one of the generals who still rouliiiued in the sei'v lee — raithfnl lo their honour and their eNiinlrv. 'I'wo montlis allerwards he iidilressi il a proelaniatioii lo the army of the Khnu, and in Deeem- l>er liis eondiii't was ag.iin made the theme of pruiHu liy t'usline, and Saihe the iiiinisi"r of war. On the -':ith iif Alay, l"'.l.'l, he was proelaiiiK d eom- mander in eliiif of the army of the liliine, and shortly allerwards he deelined the ministry of war. 'I'he nohles were at this |h riod wholly exelnileil fiom military eiu- plovmenl, and ileauharnais, with a felling of hononrahle pride, plaeeil his resignation in lin' hands ofllie deputies of the eonveiiliim. 'I'his Ihey at lirsl refused, hut it was linally aeeepled on the 'Jlsl! of .\iigust, w itii the usual order to retire lo the disl.inee of Iweiilv leagues iVoui ihe ea|iilal. Leaving (■'eiieral l.andremonl in eonimand of the army, he tis.k up his residenee , t the estate of lleaii- liariiais.ni'ar La Kerle Imhaiit, (Loir el Cher,) Hliieli hail Ihi'Ii (reeti'd into a maripiisale for his I'.itln r. He li.iil pre\ioiHlv lieen the snlijei I of several ileniineialions, witieh were answered in his " Dliservations on the I'ro- seriplioii of the Nohles," and had now seareely reaehed his new iiIhhIi' heliire liesli aeeiisalions assailed him, to whii'h he rephrd with the dignity of eonseions imioeiiiee. ,\ll was in vain; he was arri sled and imprisoned in Paris. 'I'lie eimrl,iiii if ini|Mlleil hy an irresi-ilihle fatality, had iilVorileil to ri puhliean insurri I'lion the prili .\t of warlike invaKiiin and liin igii allia The Mniipiisde lleauhar. nais, hrotlier ol'ihe vieoiiite, wa'< one of I hose impriiilent Milhen Ills of monnrehy. who, hy their hiinil diivotion to their party, niiiinly eonlrihiiteil to llie overllow of a l.ir. rent whieli no harrier ennlil wilhstand. Wherever a government is evposeil to sudden ehaiige, and Ihe in- ten stsof rel.iliiiiiHliip are mingled with political piiHsioiis, it eomiuonlv liapjM ns that meiuhers of the same family (Si-;uvk Ml narniai." In K"-!."! it was only hy the lieroie devn. tiiin of .Madame l.av.dUlte, that her hiishand, the son-iii' law oftlie maripiis, was resened from a similar fate. 'I'hi' X'ieoinle lie Iti-auhariiais married in Martiniipii .losi'phine liose Ta.'-elier lie la I'a^erie ; a i-reole l..dy of ihsliiiguisheil hirth. l*i'e\ ions to her ni.irriage, her alti ii tioii was one day atlraeted hy a group of slaves, eolleeled around an old negro syliil, who was telling their lialnne: .losephine stuppi il ; and the laig no soniiir peri'eiveil he new auditor, than, nlleriiig a loiiil shriek, she seized her hand in the utmost agitation. " \'ou iiiiist i-ertainly dis- I'liver something very striking in my appearanee," said Josephine : " \\'ell — shall my liirliine he good or evil " llelli 1" " 1 must eonless, my good woman, thai your predietiiin'; are quite vague eiaaigli lo run no ri:-k of eon tradietion." 'I'lie old woman raised her eyes wilh a sin gnlar expri'ssioii. "t.'i>me, eome," pursued Josi'phine, whose curiosity now hegaii to he exeited, " let me know what is to he read in !lie story ol'liie future!" " In the future — all! you will not helieve me if I tell." "Oli, yes! I promise yoii full . redenee, my good mother; tell ini' what 1 have to hope or liar." " If you insist on il — lis- ten! You will soon marry — yournnion will he iinhajipy — you will he lell a widow. 'I'lien yon will iHioine ipieen of l''ranee; you will have uiighly armies at your liel ; hut you will die in a levolulion." On llnishing this extraor- dinary predielion the old woman retreated with as iiiueli aetivily as lier age permitted. ■ Josephine prohihiled her slaves from rallyiiijf the syliil on her " riilieiilous proplieey," She made use ol" the ap- parent alisiiidily of the promise to prove to the yo'.ing negresses her skiider helief in its I'lillilment, ami it was treated nii n ly a:< a snhpet liir tiiinily merriiiienl. In lliel, there was little reason to imagini that ii young West Indian girl eoiild hy any revolution Ik' seated on the tirst llnoiie ill the world. Life and death in her na- tive island, seemed Ihe unehangeahle destiny of .Made- moiselle 'I'aseher. She heeanie the wife of the X'ieomie lie 111 .niharnais, and in Hr^ll, gave hirth to a son aller- terwaiils Prime Miigi lie, vieeroy of Italy. He was three years older than his sister llorteiise. The I'aiise of Aineriean emaneipalioli was too (Hipular in l''raiiee, not to ensure an entliusiastie reeepliuii to the riliiriiiiig ollleers who had aided il with their eoiirage. To this reeommeiiil.ilioii, lleanliarnais added a prepos- sessing exti'rior, 'igrei-ahle ai'eomplislnneiits, and polished manners. The soeii ly of one so eiuinenlly ipialilieil to shine was every where eourtid; and with the natural rieilily of youth, he gave himself up unreservedly to the sednelioiis of the great world. Josephine, thus deserted hy the mall of her ehoiee, resol\eil to seek tainsolalion in Ihe plai e of her hirth, and eonimiseralion in the syiu|iulliy of her family. She sailed liir .Martinii|ue in 17f7. Diigelie remained with his father: his sister, then only three years old, aeeompanied her inothir aeross the seas. The Vessel in vvliieh Mad. line lleanliarnais had einhark- I il, I nenunleri d a violi iil storiu, and llorlense thus eiiiii- n:, need a se\eie apprentiei ship to Ihe daiu;ers and iiiis- lorlinies wliieh alli rwanls so marly halaneed the glorv of her hi'illiant earei r. In the eonvnlHion of the elements, she niiglit then Iuim' seen a lit emhiein of thai lenipest of human passion of which licr I'ulurti destiny liiul marked ill T fur the sporU CHAPrKU II. It is Isnealli Ihe liurning sky of llie Alililli'H lliiit the inltiieiiie of Ihe verliial sun is most strikingly felt, rcn. ilering the im.iginalion more ardent, nil eouimuniealjng to the frame the eaplivaling languor so eliaraeleristie i the Creoles, llorlense ex|Hriiiieeil its full ell'eels. Her Infaliey resemlikd that ofllie interesting \ irgiiiia, sii well ildcrihi il hy Si. Pierre in the episode to the Dtiides lie la Nature, a work which, for perii ctiiin of dcliiil and vplemlonr ol colouring, siciiih to defy imitilion. Hor- Iriisc, compassionate and letider hiarled an Virginia 111 Tsi If, was deeply shucked hy the iniHcries of slavery, which, ill III r elnldisli i liurity, she slmve to iillevialc. Like her also, the coiistalil oh|eet ol'malernal solicitude, she imhiheil iVom the cans, the endearments and the e\. ample of Jiwephme, the witching grace and eaplivaling seiisiliilily, which iilV rwanls won every heart and rivii- tell nnwavcriiig nirnliou. Thus she, who was one ilay lo rule over suhjeets. Was Uml the inislrcss iirnluveHi bill llorlense was ever hmnaiie and compassionate, tlioi)ir|i acenslomeil Irom her infancy lo dominion. It is onlv when Ihe hand of woman tempers the rigour of power when her voice solli ns the evils of misgoverinneiit, llmi the unliirtnnale lorgel the hinthcn of their chains, ami eontenti d w ith the illu.^ion of liherly, sigh no lonjfer lor its lost realily. 'I he elliets of Ihe I'rencli rcviilntion in the colonics were proportioned lo the violent passions of the inlialiii. ants ol'.'-iillry regions, and llie deep hatred exeited in the minils of the slaves hy the tyranny of their maslers. The I rememlous explosion of St. Domingo reverherali i| llirongh Ihe Aniilles. 'J'he existeni'c of llorlense and her mother was freipieiilly menaced hy eonllagralion and the sword; lor the hiaeks perseciiteil an entire race, and not iniliviihials. Ilinminily, iiiildness, and lieiievolencc were already assoi iaied with the name ol'.lii.sephine, inspiring every where all'eelion and respect. 'I'he simple anmnr. I iation, " 1 am .Madame de Heauharnais — this is my daiighler," was suHicieiit to disarm the viideiice of the assassins, and she was I'ortunately enahled to reach a sea port and einhark liir Kranee. lOvils of still greater niiigui- tiide awaited her return, and made a deep iiiipression on the mind of llorlense. She soon learned that there is lull a single step from power to servilnile, from happi- ness to misliirtune. This first les.son of adversity was not given in vain; and, iiolwithstanding its severity, it \yas iieilher the hust nor tlio least piiinl'ul she was "des- tined to eiiihire. 'I'he ardent attaeliment ofthe vieoinlc to the prineipks of the revolution had never iiiided (or an inslanl, liiit a new and more delermiind faction had ovcrlhrown all its rivals, and was now in full possession of power. Ileau- hariiais was imprisoned; for the advocates of moileration and the partisans of aneirni privileges were ci]nallv oh- iioxions to gkiiimy liinalii ism. His wile, losing all rcmenihranee of former wrongs, was only seiisihie of his misliirtimes. To love and helieve, to sulVi r and liirgive siieh is I'emale lili'. .She used every exertion to relieve his situation. In istaney had wiiimded her feelings, hut she had never ceased to hive her liiishand ; and her truth was displayed, when, wilhont advantage lo liliii, it could only involve her in Ins late. Id'anliarnais w:is iiiiieh moved hy this generous eondiict, and in several all'eeting letters, written when no hope remained of es- caping the Keall'oUl, lie warmly eoinmended his children lo her I'are. Josephine, heeoming in her Inrii an ohjeel of siis- pi( ion, ivas also eonlinid. Up to this time she had scarcely heslowcd a thoiiglit upon the I'lirlnne-tcller of .Marliniiine; hut now, hy a common iiieonsislcncy of Inimaii nature, the prediction reeiirred to her reiiicm- hiaiice amid Ihe ghioiii of a prison. Her mind hccaiiie aeenstomed to dwell \ipim its proiniscs, and she ended hy a linn helief ill its easy ncconiplishmenl. ( >ne morning the jailor enlcred the cell, vvliieh she oc. ciipied in eommoii with the Hiilehiss of Aigiiillon, (aller- wards IMadame Louis de (iinirdin,) and two other ladies, and annomieed ahriiptly, that he came to remove her Ih'iI, which was wanleil liir another prisoner. "Of course," said Madame H'.Vigiiilhin, with viv.icity, " Alii- daiiie de lleanliarnais is lo he provided with a ktli r '" The keeper answered savagely, "There will Im' little need of that, as she is to go at once to the Concicrgi ric, and theiiee to the giiilloliiie." This cruel warning ihi w loud shrieks iVoni her eiinipauions in misliirtmic, hnl Josi'phine atli iiipti il Ihe task of lonsolalion. .\l li iiglli she heggcil them earnestly lo calm all their fears, as she was assured, mil only of piesenl safely, hut of living and reigning the ipiccii of rrance. " It is a pity that ynu don't iippoint your atrt'iidanls," cried Alailani ll'.\igin|. Ion, nngrilv. "Ah! that is very true— I had llirgolleii. Well, my ilcar, ymi shall Ih' one of my ladies of lionoiir : eome — yon h"ve my pniiiiisc." At Ihcse wiinis her coin- paiiions hurst into liars; for Ihey could iieconiil for tlic ill limed pleaHiintry only hy supposing that she hud hist her senses. iMaihim • D'Aigiiillon was nun li overcome, .loscplmie led her towards a window, » hii h she threw ii|h ii logiM' her air. A woiii:iii of onlmary ap|Harauce was iioliinl IkIiiw, who SI eiiieil lo he making some exlr.iordinarv signals. She shook her diess (mlii) viohntly, a gesture which at iirsi was incxplieahle. At length Joseiihinc cried out " IJohc," the woiiian 'lodded, iiiiil imnicdiati ly sci/iug n |K hhle (/inirr) n eoiiimeni eil her gestures. Jo. sephine ai.niin cried "Pii rre,"anil Ihe woman, apparciilU iiiiich <;raiilieil, auiiiti lApreiscil assent. Then plai ini; her gown and Ihi pehhie logclher, she rcpn si nteil Ihi' motion of eiillmg a tliroal, dancing and clapping her hands iil llic saiiie lime, with great I'li e. Il would he ini|KiKsllile III ilescrilK till' jiiy with wliicli (he rapllven ■'rv. ■''■■'<; ;ilr, tluni«:h It. is oiilv ir ot' ]n>\vrr, IIIIIC'lll, lliiil cliaiiis, niiil ) loligor lor lio colnd'u's the iiilinliit. vcltril in the lir niiistciv. rrvrrlMTiilicI ■use iiiid liir lion ;in|ii- ilvcrsity was 1 sivcrily, it ilu! wan ik'S- lic (vrinciplrs iislani, liiit a luown 111! its nvcr. Urau- >t* inotlrralioM •(' ('(iiiiilly iili- (', liisinjr all ii'iisiliK'oI'liis mil ti>ri;ivi' — inn ti) rrlirM' lirr ri'i'rnii.'s, anil ; anil liir ilaiTt' to liim, nhainais was nil in srviral [naini'il ol" is- I Ills cliililron irt of siis. slir IukI Inni'-tilliT 111' ^islrniy "I IT ri'nirin- ninil lirranii' III slir I'liiliil iirli (ilir "1- lillon, (atliT- itlicr liiilii'K, rrinovr lirr nil-. "Of rilV, " Mii- n Kllrr !" II l>r lilllr mriircrrii', arniiijr iliiw liii'tiinr, lail , At linnlli I'riirs, as i-lir r living; mill Ity tliiil yiMi 111 H'Ait'nil- ]il liirKollni. iiriioniiin : Ills lirr riiin- iMit Tor III! Llii' liiiil loft li I .lii li|ii n III ) ilaniniil l{ohos|iiirrc!" Thisrnri>;i lie ixpiis- siimlissiirril hit lailii's thai then' was liltlr In appri lirnil, ami lliat I'Vanco was saved. In fael, a short lime aller- w^iiil", llieir eoinpaiiioiis ill inisliirtiine hurst into the ,rll III eniiniinnieiile the tiilinirs of the fjreat events of the Dill Tin riiiiiliir. " Well," saiil Josephine, as her lieil was ri'liiniiil, " you "ee I am not ilestineil to bo ^'iiillntiiieil. 1 sliill eerlainly he ipieea of Fruiiee." We may parilnii the youlhfiil Unrtensefor antieipaliiif; llie I'liliiri' eDiiiplelion ofii propheey, whiehshe llins saw parli.illy aeiomplislieil, in the preservation of her niothiT wiini ileslnieliim hail appeared inevilalile. The sii|h riiir iiililliirenee of .losephine eoiiUl not have plaeeil its llriii riliiiiiee nil siieli ii fallacy ; llioiij.'li reason and iiiiaj;ina- liiiii li ive lint slender eiiniieeliuii in Die iiiinil of a i reole. I'l rhaps she may have enlerlaineil hope of its fnllilment, al llie very lime that she treated the piedietiiin with the irnali'sl riilieiile. it is in this way that we may explain nil iiitimaey (wliieli was, however, iiineli exa(j(;eraleil) willi a liiitime-leller, who nl least liasevineed a eoiistant ami (rralefiil reiiiemliraiiee of the favours reeeiveil. Hut what was the impression iiiaile ii|Hin Hie mind of lliirlinso liy the proiniso of so lirilliaiit a fiilnre/ iMnre liiiiii oiiee she made it the touiidalion of those ph'aHinir ilriims, wliieh are eourled with equal eaj;erness liy eliililiiii'iil, llie lliiwer of life, and aliiiie were of dillienll allainmenl. The lahonrs of the iiiir'--e were soon foimil insnilieieiil fur llie mainlenanee ol' ihree persons; lint llorletise, llioiijili slill very yoimi;, Mi,iiiil Ihat eneriry of eharaeler, wliieh, in al)er lili', HIV so useful in eiialilini; her In support ailvi rsily. Ilolli sli. iiiiil her lii'olher di'lerinined In lalionr for their loiii. iiiKii liM'lihnoil: Kn^rene hired himself In a joiner, anil lliirli'hse went to a iiiaiiliiamaker's. Her palienee nniler nriy privation, showed how deeply lonleil were those • "On ii'iiiliini! Iniiiii', I rniiinl ymir new riim.iiii'r. I ililiik il iriM>; mill iililniiiuh tl^^ll^rl>llli'l till' li'itsMlriiiK i\ Itli \iinr Inri'ih ill niliijHisiiiii unnit \rr>ri*. (t 11 r liilil .vim my nniltn! Ii:i-i liiiiiiiiil II a ilMlr. > /.<«• knniiii. !','< iriiiiltli'il,' \-* I he iiiif I rliii-f liiiiuiiiuti, liiriiii»ii' il Innii wrlliniiiil I'lii" 111. Ill |iiii«|H luiH il:i\>, III) t'nni la liMil III ailil, • Mini- li'i'iiiii I I' liiMil ;' ilii'v km 'IV iiu iiiilv iiiiiliitiiiii, anil w i-iinl in iii.ik' nil' lllliik llial I irallv |il iniilln .n, aln rail, ilii mill iiiii' line hi'liis iiin, 'Sii, vein hii\i' Im'ii I'xliiliiiliiu my li'lii ral \Vi ri' «e hetiii nr- iiiiiiil. we xliMiilil I'l r unity I'lilt mil, Inn \iMi iniiilit in In' i'muhi .1 111'- l.iiill, an (nil liiiil iiili-laki'ii iiiy iniiltii I tniil hi riini>ly ri- 11 it mil til n rite vim nninliiT lliii': I iii'i!lii>r rlniusi' in Im priil.^i'il 1 iTiiliii I Hini', nnr In 111' nail liy lln.se 111 wliniii I have neiri lilillni Ml ll'lnil 1 linnuril in llli< rmiltie nl llie i'\i'lllhl-ill, I'nr till > I I "111 nil' ilial all ihi' » nrlil Innl mil iliall kinill\ lit imi. ami I iln ii'ii illoi.i' In ri'-i nihil' all Ille xinlil nn thr nn'iliiiu, Ihn ill Hill 111 I'll liy ill! naiii'H my inii'ri'Hi III jnnr Inlniil. I i-linil hi uin a I'lllicilmi .11 imeini'a liir ni'lv riiiniinrrii. n lilnnil llii> haul I'l ur nl I iiii|i<>liii.. nil iiinr iinnil iiainii' I fi'i' \iin Inui' II uii III ilriil. iiiiil I ] Jlli|ili'i.i'il III mil )ill| IllllV linn II yim lliive niilliinl n\r." I.rllir ■i.»i llrl.H.r • \| i.ii'iii'.i-i'lli' 'riihiinni, llie tliiiailiii r nl' a H|ianlii|i Imnki-r, ami '111' 111 llii' mil I II. iiiiiiinl wniiii n nl Inl il.i>', marriiil "rilllii'li In I'lii' II"! i.nhi r'- nil' irnin iln- I'liinli'inn iihni ni'ii iMnlnilnniiTi nl ll'iliMl. On ihi' li|l. I'linllihir, mmoiI ili'pniii'- iii.'liiiliil lii llir ■ii'liilnii IImI III' Hiiliifiili'iri', iiuri'i'il in iinai'k linn In iln< I nil liiiii 'I'.illli It, til \\lii..i> liiimic ilii'\' Ini.l ii>>-.'inlilril. Hmini; ihrin Itillii 111 llnir ii'iiiliilliii hir.'oril llnni Ihiii 'I'linanli! »liii r |>ii'i tii-tiiii' 111 il liver rriiiii'ti tY,,ni n niinnit In rai liiiiai'. MiiUhimii 't'ullii'ii !• now iiinriiiil lo lira I'llnm ol ^liiinav priiieiples of perseverance ami resignation, wliieli hail lieeii so sednlnnsly mid sm'cessfiilly iiiciilealed liy her exeelhnt mot her. The liU'ralinn of Josephine was the means of resloriii(r her (lau(;hler to eoinfort ami to her slmlies. She was plaeed at a hoariliiiij sehoolatSl. (lerniaiii ; wliieli, I lioiii;li lull reeenlly opened, had already aeipiiied a well deserved ri'pnlalion. 'I'he sense, tah'iil, and piirily nl' priiieiple of .Madame ('aiiipan, the head of the estalilisliineiil, were snllieieiit to onsiiiu its eoinplete success.* CHAI'TKR III. The rons)iicnou.< serviees rendered liy Madame Cani- |ian, under llie empire, in the fnlil of ediiealion, have ereal .'d for her the most solid claims lo piililie esteem. She |iossi'Ssi'd every leqiiisile liir formiiifr the iiiimi, the heart, mil the nianners ot'yoiith. (Iiillie last, she eoiilil liestow llie piilished nrlianily ol' the old eninl, where her snperinr lalents and knowledge had ohlaim'd hoiionralile mitiee. .Vt Ille a^e of lilleen, she had lieeii iip{iiiinli'il reader to the ilanifhter of Imiiis.W; and .Marie AntninelleshorllyalU'r- warils altacheil her more immeilialcly toiler own person, liy priiiniiliii(r u marriage with her private seeielary. Uiiined like siiniany otliers, liy the revolnliim, she dilcr- mined, alUr the lllii Therniidor, to turn her talents to aceoimt liy openinjr a hnardinn; school. In ii short time, he reputation of Si. (lerinain rivalled the aneienl renown if the estahlishmcnt of .S|. Cyr, liiiindeil liy .Madame de .Mainlenon. Mvery disliiijriii^liiil persiiiia);e of the day was sure lo have ii relative under the care of Madame Campan, and some of her sehnlars aOerwarils rose lo roy- ilty. Kveii the amuseineiits of St. (o riiiain yielded in iiiilhiii); to those of St. Cyr; for llnmy;h the loriinr eoiilil liiiast nn Kaeiiie as its ri liiriiiiis laiireate, yi I the yniiiiir and jjiitcd pupils allernately performed Iik I'lslher anil Alhalic — the jjreat lua.sler-pieees of the [''leiieli ilri:ma. If they were not hnnonred liy the prcseiiie of l.oiiis Ir (iraiiil, their audieiiee was ciiinpnseil of that crowd ol yimiij; soldiers who already yave liisire to the arms nl l''rani'C, and their juiljie was he w Inw name w.'is lint another name for victory, and whose exellioiis piimiiseil the restoration of its depressed art.s to his sull'i riii^ coiin- Iry. Among llio compnnions of Ilortviitiu nt Miidninc ( 'aiii- paii's, were her cniisiii Slephaiiie, allerwards (0111111 I •nlehess nf liadcn — ( 'aroline llniiaparle, Ihefiilnre (inein of Niples, and several others, liiilli relatives ami eiinnee- tliiiis liy her molhcr's seennil iiiarria|;i'. lliil ill liiriiiin^r one ol those frii'iidsliips of childhood, which In 1 nun almost a purl of oiir nature and seliloni end lint with lili, Horteiise was guided iieilher liy the licsof lilmnl, nor the priile of rank. T'lie person to w lioiii she hecame iiinsi Killachcd was not a relalinn, nor was slii' ilestineil to roy- ally. .\ niece of Madame Campan — .Allele .Vii^uie, aller- wards .Madame lie llroe — heeanie her (ainslant and faith- fill alli iiilaiit. She I'nilowcil Horteiise on her departure from .St. (iermain, ami remained with licr until tlieir I'rii'iiilship was scMi'i d liy death. Niitwithstaiidinjf the apjiarenl eipialily of all llic lioai'il- ers, il was alinnsl iinpossililc to prevent the ri l.itins ol liiiii who rilled l''r.iiii'e and ilielated lo I'liirope, frniii hc- iii)r spiiiled liy their 1 iim|iaiiiiiiis ami tlieir ini.sliess. .\l the same lime, the care heslowed hy Madame Ciimpan on the eihieatinn nl* Hiirtcnsc, was t'ar frnni hi'itiL,^ Insl. This sa;,'acinus inslnieli'css )li'lit;lili d In repent thai "l.ilcnls were llie wi allli of the rich and the ornami'iit of the poor." Ilir pupil— hevidis acijiiiriiii,' the jicinral lii'aiiehes of edncalinn — excelled in all llie aurccalile ae- coiiiplisliini'iits, and the siicecss ol' her ilelinl in sniietv, t'lllly jiislilieil the Iriilh nl'lhc liuoiirile maxim, The fnl- liiwinu^ valiiahlc Iclti r shows hmv cninpletcly Jiisephine hail ri'taiind in the miilsl of ^rriiiidinr, her native inndcsly, simplicity iinil |nstni'ss of principle. Til .Uiii/iiiiie ii'r ('iimi«iii — .S7. dirmiiiii. "In relnrninu ynli my iiieee, my dear .Madame Ciim- pan, I send yon liolli Ihaiiks and repronf — Ihankn, liir the hrilliinl eiliienlinn ynii have i.ii\eii her, and leprnof lor Iln I'aidlM which your aeuleeess niiisl have noticed, liiil which vonr iiiiliil)ri'iiee has inismiI hm r. She is ({ihhI li nipi red, lint cold ; well iiiliiriiieil, Inil ilisihiinfiil ; lively, liiil ilclI I il lit ill jnilciiicnl. She pleases no hoily iiiid il ^ives her no pain. She liincies the n iiiiwn nf her niiele anil the L'lillaiitry of her liilher are ivcry Ihiiiir. Teiicli her; lint leach her plainly, w ilhniil liiiniiiic, Ilial in reality Ihcy • Aller Ihi lialili' III' Aii«lei liir,, Mnihiine I 'inii|i m « iik n|i|Mi|iiii' ilnli ml Ihe III I al I'Iriiii wln-ii. >ln' hv Niiiinli'iin hi miiii linn ml ihe nl 1 al t'lrnii whi'ii. >ln' rr nnlini'il liniil IH miniir. Hilnll al Iln' r -Iniallnll nl Ihn Ihnill > ^hi' llnii 11 lln'il 111 Niiiil.i'., « IniT -he ill, il ,'ii tin lilili ,.| Mm, 1,, Is'J'J In Inr la.-i nini", iln ili>.|.hiMi| ilii' tnliniiCM nt »»««. aiiil lliii |i|uiu liii|iv III n ilnri'ie i'lulfllmi. are milhinir. We live in an aye, when every iiiie is Ihe child of his own ileeils; and if tiiey who lill the hinln'st ranks of pnlilie service eiijny iiny snperinr ailvaiiLinc nr privilcfic, il is the nppiirlnniiy nf hciiiij innre nsi I'lil and mure helovcd. Il is llins alone that nnnd I'lirlnue heeiiiiies pardniialile in the eyes nl'lhc em inns. This is what I would have you In repeal In her cniislaiilly. I wish her lo treat all her compaiiiiiiis as her ei|uals: many nf llicni are lielter, or at least ipiile as ilcserviiiir as she is licrscll', and their only iiili'riorily is in mil haviiiL; had relalions equally skilful or equally lorluniile." Jnsia'nlXK HoNU'MlTK. lint Ihe new sin;natiiri' of the iiiollier nt' llnrtense re- niiiids us thai we have somewhat aiilii ipaleil cMiils — lei us resume our luirrulive. CIlArTKU IV. AVe have already inenlinned Harras and Tallien aH f'ricnils of .Mattaine de [teanharnais. Itonaparle, Ihen a (.i-encral ollleer, also hi'liiii;;i'il lo llieii- circle, and his feel- ings were exciteil lowiirils JiiM'phine hy Ille fnllnwinn neenrrence. A |rciii ral disarming nf the penple was nne of the chief precantioliiirv iiieasuris of police, nnilerlakeii aller the insurrection ol Vemleiniaire, and eiilriisled In liiiii tiir cxccntinn, in his capacity nt'cnnnnaniter ill chief of Ihe army ol'llie interior. One day his aiil-dc i','ini|i, Ijcmarrois, inti'iidneeil a hoy of liimleeii, who carncslly he^'jjcd the retmn of a swiiiil sci'/.cd hy Ihe pnliee : il had iH'cn the weapmi of his liilher, once in the ejiief command of Ihe forces of Ihe rcpulihc, and it seemed an act ol'iii- irratitiide llnis toilcpriie a son of the last relic ol'aii nn. liirtiinate and ri'S|M'iii'd parent. The sw iird was relnriii il, and on seeing; il, the hoy hurst inin tears. The firmiiess, cnllinsiasin, |rrai'i'fiil nianncrs, and lilial alli'clinii of the yonii); l'ai|;ene, for il was lie, excited a lively interest in liniiaparli , and indiieeil him to nienlinii the necnrience to ll.iriMs, nl all eveiiili!; parly. Madaiiie lleanhariiais ap- peareii shortly al\i'rw,'irils, and llonaparle i'iin;:raliilali il her ii!i pnssi'ssinn so iiiteri'sliii;j a son. Ileliire the end of the cvi iiiiiir, he hecame cniiMiiei'd that Jnsephiiie was woilliy of heiii); the ninlher of ('ai^riin' : llir inliiiiaey thus hei;iin, i,mm' rise In a mill ml allaeliiin lit, w liieh inereaseil cM'ry il,iy, and soon tcrminali il in marri:i|te. This was ill Willi, Itiiiiapaile si I niil liir his niemnralili' cainpaiini of Italy, and siiliseqinnlly eiiili,irkiil for I'invpl. .Mler the latter exjicditiiin the wlmle liiiiiily was niinilid, liir llnr- tense, Ilieii aliniit m'M'hIi en, fnqiiiiilly lell her hiiardin^' scliool In pay loiiir visits 111 r,iri-i. On his ariival at the cipilal, llniiaparle rcsnmcd the siiine lahorioiis and sceliiileil maiiinr ol'liii' wliieli he had li'il on n tiiriiiiiir rroiii Uasladt — apiieariii;,' hiil lillle in piililie; always oeenpyini.' a lallieril linv at the Iheaire; I'reipienlinu: nniie hut liter, iry sneicly, and never diiiiii); with Ihe direelnrs, cxecpt ill private. He timnil il, ni- di id, iiii|Hissili|e III drellne the piililie iliiiner i:ivcii lo hiiii hy the li'v'islalivc eniiiii ils in the Temple nf \ iclmy. (Si. Snlpicc :) lint he iiidy reinaiiicd an lioiir, and i|uitli'd the cull rtaiiimeiil in company wilh .Moreiiu. This retire- nicnt, which iippcarcil a iii'eiss.ii'y ri la Mil inn Inini his I ilmms ill the service nl' the il.'itc, was miilnriii!,i' lliedij;iiily nfllii: iiatiiiii, and fur alli viatiiiir llie piililic ili>lri ss. The eniispirai ns ai:aiiisl the iliici liiiy had iinw ln'- ciiiiii' iniiverNal. On nil sides, Itmiap.irti' was ciiireiilcil In place liinisell'at llie lieiiil, iml nf a rehi'llinn, lint of a revolulion. He was even iiiaile the ciintiilanl nf Ihe mi- lions si'lnnicsainldesiirns wliii h divlilnl the Iniiiihers of the novi riiiiii nl, for tin re were plots aininiy llie dim tors Ihemselvcs. The |Hisiliiin of the ihlfeienl I'aelioiis may Is' thus deserihiil. \uf,'ercaii and llermiiliille, represeni- iiif the nidiciils of the iVKnrV'.oll'cri il In place hiiii al Ijiii lii'iid 111' Ihe n piihlie. IMIiers aijaui, projsiscd llie nvcr- llirow Viilli of Ihe ilireelnry ami Ihe iiiaiu'i;!'. .Ainnni; these was l''oiiehi'', who had lirnkeii Willi the Intler; and wlin, tliiin|rli a inemlMr of the niiiiislry, had commeiieed the Kline i.'aine which lie alli r« ,irds coiilmmil lo play Willi all Ille snccissive novi 1 iiineiils. Iliiiiapinic was also evpiiscd lo Ihe llalliTlcH nf ,iiiolhi r iiiiinsler, who, il' his cniiihiel has partaken Inn iiiiii h of Ihe rapid versalilily of Ihe cveiils, in which for folly years he lias lakeii sncli iiclive pari, at least oll'i rs some lilnneiiii lit liy all llic |ii rsniiiil Hii|>criiirity thai •;i iiiiis anil proliiinid kiinwli'di,r|i can licstnw on n Hlalc-iinan. Sni h lias liciii the aTiii ihiiiey of Ills distiiii;ui,.hi'i| luerit, that < very new ilvmiKly lins paid III illlie Iriliiile of niMi iai 1 mplnymi ill, liitluiii. eini; tlic dipkniiai y of I'inrnpc liir many years; innvmif all lliii w ill H al nil asini ; ilircilini! In m en k every H|iriii|>, lill tliiin U'vuiiii' linlmiH iiHuliU tu till! uniliilioiiii 1 who, alUt in : :i ' ■» 1 1 tj" .",\ ^ ' I ■' ' ■ sS?=.. 1 ;., ,; i ■^\ :f\ 1.^8 MEMOIRS OF lIOItTENSG BCAVIIAnNAIS. t \i ^i •St ' *.•«• '*'£^ ■: -7-1 > 'I 'It i.-'k'- seizing tliu supremo power, availed thoinselvcs of his ex- |K;riciicc to retain their elevation. Anionff the directorH thoniselvcs, discord waH at its height; and they intrigued separately with Jlonapiirte for the destruction of their joint powi.'r. Sieyes, witii many mendiers of the council of ancients, solicited him to head the moderate party, who were to estahlisli n constitution which he had prepared in secret. Ifofrer Ducos was the mere shadow of Si<^yi's, and liis constant concurrence with his colleajjuc might lie taken tor granted. Uarras, Mculins and (Johier, were all desirous that Honapartc hIiouUI resume the command of tlie army of Italy ; the first, in order to withdraw him from politics; tiic others, merely to employ him as the military engiiieof their pow- er. Thiy were not aware that the times of tlie If^tli l'"rueti(lor had gone by. 'I'liese plots were generally known : the most tbrmidalili^ was still a secret. liiinapartc's eoun-^ellnrs in the present erilical position of his alfairs, weri^ all men of liilents and experienei', such as ('ainliaecres, ItoMJcrer, Heal, am' Kegnault de St. .Ii'an (I'Angely. Sii'yes, a Prove ntj'al and an old ac- (luaiiitanee of the andiilioiis general, was the only direc- tor who possessed any sliiire of his oonfidenee, and in fact, was the only oiu^ who desi'rved it. As for Uarras and Monlins, he had long known how to appreciate them. On the eighth of Hrninaire, Donaparte dined with Il.irras, — who erimmniiieated to him in pretendi'd eonfi- denec, his determination lo retire from the head of aft'iirs. 'J'lie chief director explained (he neeessily of ndopling another form of government for Kranee, and of selecting (ieneral lleilouville as the oidy proper presi- dent of the repnlilie. As tiir llonaparle, he proposed lo place him at the head of a I'reneh army, with which he should conquer the old Cisalpine eomnionweallli, and re- tain its sovereignty for his own private |irofit. It was clear that (he nami- of iledouville was a mere cov■!:, led in the palace of the goverument ; from which, however, he succeeded in making his es- cape. Harrna obtained a safe conduct, and a det.ichmcnt to escort him to Gros Hois. 'I'hus ended the Uircctory. On the sueceeiling day, the tiimous scene occurred at the OioHgeric of S(. t'loud ; when Honajiarte, seconded hy the firmness and presence of mind of his brother I.neien ,as 'veil as hy the bayonets of his grenadiers, succeeded in dissolving the council of five hundred, and hutting up their place of nieeting. .Viler the ISdi of lirumaire, Honaparte and his fiinily resldeil at the Tuilerics. Here the mild gr.icis of Ilor- (ensc appeared to great advantage, contrasted with the glitti ring display of a new court, .illve with (he sdr of military glory. She was courted by the richest and no- blest of I'Vanee, and had now full scope hir (he iiidul- genee of those pleasing anticipations of a future which so rarely falls out aeeordiiig to our hopes or our fears. Hut France, under (he sway of the first consul, was mightier than the France of the ohi monarchy : who migld (hen aspire to the honour of alliance with i(s so- vereign ! The sad desdny of princesses — (he oliligation of loving according to political neei'ssily^mus' have ippeared lo Iforti n-e a heavy drawback upon all her grandeur. (lirls of seventeen are not long in Heling that diey possess an eye and a heart, and can conceive lo other inntivi^ fi;r inatrimony than afl'eclion. Hefore (his last revoludiin, (he fortune of her adopted fiitlier, which, whether in prosperity or evil, ever moved with the strides of a giant, had not attained so high an eleva- tion as to gi.i: Horfense reason (o finr consfrainl on her inclinations. At her time of life, fancy presents every (liiiig (hrough a false medium, which nothing but experience can remove : but the molldiis of reason are low, and she is somefimes (oo la(e in di s(royiiig the il- lusion and displaying (he mordlying reality. Hefore elicpielle had changed the drawing room of Madame Honaparle Into Ihe brlllianl hall of a sovereign, it was die resort of (he lilt,lies( I'iirisian soeie(y : a class which, at this lime, pre.senled some curious eonlrasls of character and siliiadon. Around (Jeiieral Honaparle were, of course, nssembleil the men of high military' rank, and (he chief piiblie I'lnedonaries of (he direi;(ory ill more or less deeided jacobins, wildi whom it was ye( necessary (o preserve a good unilers(aiiding. Jose- phine, on the oilier hand, was the centre of a circle eonipoHed of the courliers of the old monareliy, who iiore or less openly regreded (he aecient order of lliings. Von might see a redirned emigrant, slill nominally un- der sendnee of dcalli, sealed next to a memlier of the •ry eonvendon which had pronouneid that Kentenee : while furdier on, u royalist leader, s'lrctly jealous of (he renown of the soldier and (he power of the i ivlliau, eoneeali d his envy eniler an aU'eiiatlon of eoiilempl. The perfect good breeding of Madame llonupard', willi die grave and imposing carriage of her Imsliand, hariiio- iiisiil all these v;irlous IneongriiitieN. Ilortinsi fii ipiinlly mnde In r appearance in the draw- ing room, and aeiordlng to court gossip, was much ^lnll'k wllh an liidhldtial eonsplein us for all the ipni- llliis most admli'i d by very young ladles — a tlashing pulatinii, a line figure, and bold yet polished inan- mis. This personage was .M. di> I aiilo, il royalist ol extravagant i iilhiislaMii, who was said to have i xeld d Mil iiisurn idoii of die |H asiiidry in (he vielnily of 'I'nii. Inti*.!'. His good mien, his east ol* eliaraeter, and espe- elully his iiilsliirdmeM, wero liinnil irresislllile by Alaik'- nioiselle Heaiihaniais, mid r\en Josephine was so liir ted awny, us lo allow some talk of marrliige I Hul ttie hom- basl mid vanily of young I'aulo wile by no melius (o the tiir'd of die first consul, who exiled liim forlTiullh di l.aiignedoe, 111 die eyes of II girl of wvcnlecn, fHultd of tllil do- seniiliiiii are SI Idom uiipMiiloiiable In nil iidmiri r, I'Hpe. ijiliy when ueeonipanied by Hlrlklng ipiahllcH. If I'miiIo bad III I II loved lieflire liir the dangers he liml run, he iH'came even iiiom liileri sling when |H'rseeiiled in (he I aiise of love. llor(eii--r had Inen duly impM s.i d wllh tulcN uf tliv ttluric.'i uf tliu old iiiiiiiureliy, uiidvr whieh her ancestors had played so distinguished a part, and lar mind was filled with descriptions of those gallant, graw- ful, and polished nobles, who are only to be found in (In. atmosphere of a court. De I'aulo Hceiiied in Boiiie iiuii. sure to realise these fancies. The throne had falkn but he was still loyal. Fidelity in misfortune gave liim a melanelioly interest, ond inspired that kind of enlliu. siasin, always displayed by women towards those who sutler for the sake of principle. His exile gave the la-t touch of the picture, by adding the mellowing cireclH oi' absence to the attractions of advcrsily and first love. Ilortense never saw I'aulo again. Kven if they luul met in atler life, Ihere can be no qucsdon hut that lur ripened judgment and correct good .sensi' would have conlirincd the decision of the consul. \Vc may, howevir, be allowed to fincy that the rcmemliraiice of her Invii, uch as he first appeared to her imaginadon, sonielinii.. recurred to her memory; and that this phantom nf childish romance perhaps disturbed the pomps of roynllv, !iud increased tlio iiiehuicholy monoUiny of yraiuleur. CIIArTER V. State [loliey had broken olTonc marriage — stale polliy now arranged another. Tn uniting (heir own t(>rdmi'«, Napoleon and Josephine seemed to have (neidy agrnd lo work in concert for the advane"nienl of their fiiiiiili's. One of die most cert.iin and (^xpedilioiis modes of li,f- warding lliis design, was to promole as many imidml alliances as could possibly li(^ eU'eeted. The consul Irmk- ed upon Iiouis Honaparte, whom he hud brought up, r;i- llier in the light of a son than a brnder ; on her i-idi , Josephine was particularly anxious lo unite hlni to lin daughter, and lliey were accordingly married in llu month of January, ISO:?. I.oiiis Honaparte, Napoleon's third lirother, born nl \jaeeio, the xjilof Seplember, 177s, enlered the army nl an early age, and served in (he famous campaigns nl Italy and KgyP'- Sevcal of his Uders from llle l.iMn country were intercepted and published by the Knglisli. They arc every where filled wllh the sound plilloso|iliv and love of mankind which may be called the basit. if his character. The indignant distress exclled in Im heart hy the cruellies and calamldes of warfan , iir.' especially renmrkable. He ipiilled Kfjypl on the 1 Itli .1' .March, I77II, and relurm^il to France, bearing dcBpalclin from his brother lo the directory. After Hrumairc, when Napoleon had become first con. sul, I.onia was appointed on a dlploniadc mission (o Si. I'etersburg : but (he violent deadi of (lie I'aiipcror l';ml induced him lo stop at Herllii, where he remained nmrlv a year. ( hi his reliirn In I'aris, he received the eoiinii;iiiil of (he !l(h regiment of dragoons, and was shortly iilli r- wards appointed general of brigade. It was at llils |ic riod that his union wllh Ilorlcnse look place. Had the choice of lliese parties been iinfiKercd, I'.iili possessed ipialllies which might have prodneed u niiiliwl attachment ; but the desire of happiness was exi liain'nl for II subniisslon lo necessity, and objecls present u nrv dllferent u|>pearanee when regarded from opposite jHiiiib of view. The character of I,( uis was the reveriii' if dial of Ilorlense. A great moralist has remarkid llial Ibis was the best reason fiir expecting future syinpallij ; but it frcipiently happens that die same wheels, vvliirli by properly meetiiig would neeoiuplish all the objerk.il | the meehanie, clash anil crush each utiuir hy nn luitinir ly revolullon. The newly married couple trenleil (heir union us llu work of eompnlsion, and (In ir hide asperilies, iiiKlinl I of hi lug cmoollied hy gi nlle frielloii, were in consli.ll eollislon. I.iiiiiH linil soiiie romiinee in his dispusilnii, liMl it was dint kind of roimmee which bads Its |HISM>^. or riidii r d) wridi ii bonk than to i iiaet the hero. Tl:i f'iiii/ri(/ •S'i)(i(i( of Uoiissean was Ihe fnvonrile sIimIvI one, wliiiHC duly it becamii to nsslsf In the overlliii>» ill his eoiinlry's lilierlles, and who was doomed one ihii In I be a king. Iioiils was eiitliiinlasliriillj devodd (o vi-imif | of iiiilvi rsnl pe:iee, anil yel (ad had eolidi iiiiii d hi be a solilii I', He haled eerenionv, mid yi't his lili: lu^l spent In a eoiirl, anil his iiiiidniis «ere a perprdiiil |vi f geaiit. I'relerring retirement and s|neiila(lM' relliilm, he waH hurried nlonf( liy tim whirlwind of his biuilMr> genius. I'ollnges iiiid sill phenlesHi'H we may liinry as llir jeeN of the love ihi alns of l.oills. It WRH inipni 'lilili I' liiiai:iiie more sweelm ss. In nevolenee, and siiii|i|iiia| of disle, dinn were In be fninid Uliilld ill the I liiiroilnl of llnrdnse; but she iiddid tin ipiiilldi s belillini; i| ipieeii, and In r superlnr mind vvmi piepared for roi'l I liiiiiui iif linlime. She pnssi ssi d aipilik nnil iliiiili^l dmper, II slton," intelkct, ami a ciilltidLTublc (Imrr I'l lUEiUOIRS OF IIORTENSE BEAUIIARNAIS. 159 |mrl, iiiulln'f illiml.urar.i- fountl ill tln' [1 Bomc \wn- 11 had fiillcii, Hit: niivc li'nii iiul f>f iiillin- Ih those wlio tjavo till' lii>l inl ■iiniliiiiiiiil liaiili'l 1,1 y.'t his hf, »»| L II |„T|irlilill |«f linlaliM'rilliili ll of hii« l>i"ll"i''l fanry till «iil' w«H inipoi' lililil.. |i', anil KiiiipliiK'l ill Ihi' iliiiriii'ii| liililiis l«'lilliiii."| ,|i,irr riiakid her among the most tasteful of our musical eom- imsers. The saloons of Paris — the solitude of exile* — tlie most remote countries — have all acknowledged tin : .liiirni of these delightful melodies, which need no royal I name lo enlianee their reputntiim. It is gratifying to oar priile of eoiiiilry, lo hear these airs of France siiii;i liv llie lireek Hiid the Kussian, and united to iiatiomil iiiiilry (111 the banks of the Thames and Uie Ta:;iis. Tin g I iH^re thus rendered is the more llalleriiig, U'eause the rank of till eiimposer is usually unknown. It is their iiiliiiisie merit which gives In those natural cH'nsions of lliiiale. seiisibilily the power of universal siiecess. If IJiirltiiKe ever experieiired matriiniinial felieiiv, il must ,ivi' lieen at this lime. The union blessed w iili ehihiren riiHiianetiiiiied by Providence. I lorleiise had already two liisaiid lliiis maternal tenderness, eonjmjal anxiety, and [till' pride of a princess, were all graliliod in their fullest ixlciit. Fveiy thing around her appeared to relleet jtl'irv, ri iiowii, and happiness. Josepliine was sealed on lllieiii^t Ihruiie in the world: l^ngene reigned as a viee- liiiy 111 Milan ; while the head of this exalled family, a {kinirof kings, (diilil bestow on his hrolhers, llio monar- ieliicn raised by his inililary genius, and eonsolidaled by ||h< pdlitieal taleiils. The brows of ll.irleiise seemed >liiii'ii liir a diadem : Napoleon willed it, and liouis lUcai.ii: king of llollajid. CII.\P TDH VI. In llin year IHO,"!, SchimmeliMniiick had bepii invested |\\il!illie ttliolo execiilivo power of tlio llatavian repiib- I', iindirllie title of i;rantl pensionary. Me was pio- »rly iiiipi'O'^sed with the magiiiliide of the favour reeeived, kind priiiiiised lo prove his gralilnib'. I'liforliinalely his |»ii«'ii of policy were soon fuiinil lo Im' In din ( i op|Hisilion I llioK' of Napoleon. The yrnnd pensionary eiieom aged llii'liaili' Willi l'iiii>liiid, and the eommereial H|H'eiilatioiis pf III!' Iliileli were enormously |ir(ifil.ible from llie aliiiosl hiliid proliiliilliiii of F.iit'lisli iimniifieliires ibroiighonl iipe. 'I'liH eoniieelioii with tile sworn i iiemy of rraiice, luid .' do (ilai'l niul her hiaulifiil frli ml Mnilaiiic liindiKi, \ti t cilleil lo Ule old r(i"lle of riitiiilnoiit Bar l.ol, , Hdiffly ilii. ri'ni(lem-f ol tll'tiin of I'olctlcr^, one of lliclr l*i,v(iiii ' « laoilo -" I'oiik i i|iMnloli> kiilvifftnoiniv iwiuir«."--lllo iM'll, loiiK uliai t,i(,> i I'l n HMf » HA l)ite,hi Miidtmi ill itiitl ;> 11.' mightines.jcs, tiogel, minister of finance, and W. Six, councillor of state, olfered the crown to Louis in Ixihalf of the republic; ard on the .5th of Jnnc, the emperor, at St. Cloud, proclahncd him king of MoUanil— c.intinuing at tho same time his former ollicc of constable of France. The first olVer of the throne was met hy an absolute refusal on the part of Louis; who declared the climate of Holland entirely nnsuitcd to his weak state of health. This reply was by no means conclusive : there were other kingdoms, less cold ami less hnmiil, at !lie disposal of Napoleon, and in his eyes, the residntion of his brother api)earcd too extraordinary to be ininiovcablc. It would have proved so, however, liad not the will of the emperor iH'en the law. Louis would have preferred a life of se- elusion: "it is bettor to die a king," was the laconii in- Bwer of Napoleon. The danger was by no means so r ininent as Louis would have wished it to appear: t constitution of the new monarch was, however, exlreim ! delicate,aiid bodily weakness increased Ihe natural gloom of his sombre and niolanclioly temperament. If the refu- sal was dictateil by pure philosophy, we cannot hut ad- mire it, even if our own feelings disable us from imiiation, In the iieculiar circumstances under which Louis and Hortense were |dacc.d, they were partners iu fortune as well as in liappiness. Napoleon was as anxious to bestow a crown npnii his adopted daughter, as a sceptre on his brollier. If Louis ad he rod to liis resolution, it was, on tho part of il.irtense, a sort of abdication, unless the Salie law, so venerated in France, were abolished in llolland. 'I'he chance of lieconiing a king, might Iherefiire be con- sidered as a part of their miirria;;e conlract. The force ol"tliis reasoning was .at leiurtli imderslood by Louis, and he abandoned this unjust opposition. Ill the niid.st of Ihe enjoyment of new dignity, and of benevolent plans for the future welfare of her subjects, tho happiness of Hortense was clouded by the necessary separation from her inolher and her home. It was the first severance for any length of lime, wliieli hadnecnrred during her whole life. 'I'he prospeet of dopartiire from Ihe scenes ofinfaiicy now revived all her ehildisli feeliiurs and atlai limeiits, and the pain thus erealed divided her lie.irt willi the aiilieipalion (if fiiliire grandeur. She wished at lea>l, to bid adieu to Fraiici' in a manner wor- thy of a kind and eompassioiiale princess. She lea.ned that .Mailamo de (Jevres," a noble lady of the court of Louis XVI., ruined by the revolulion, had friiilli ssly en- leavoiireil to (ditain perniission lo revisit the place of her birlh. Horleiise <:y .i nuiltitiiilo ol sjiiall country seats, not hnilt per- liaps with \.\w most corn et taste, bnt pleasinjf from their rcmarkahle neatness, and llic lieautil'nl -fardens of the rarest plants, hy which lliey are snrroimded and adorned. Holland displays a pecnliar character; it is like no- tliiny^ hnt itself — a eonipiest iVoin the sea, preserved by the constant re|iair of its dykes. Its inhabitants arc well provid(.'d with l)ie means of snhsistence and com- fort, and are extremely conseicntionH in the discliarjfe of every dniy eoimeetecl with the ;joveriinieiit. Tliey are br.ive soldiers; Itonaparte has ojienly prnnonnced this opinion, anil they enjoyed the same eliaracter in the (lays of 'I'acilns. Their probity is exir.iortlinary : nearly nil tlieir eontr.iets arc verbal, yet they are as scrnpnions in the obli^i.itions of conimerce, as in the cnj^'ajfemenls of liwc or the promises of inarriajje. An onllini^ of the conrt of IIi;lland may not be inap propriale. .M. l)'.\rjnson held the post of fjrand cliam- iM'rlain: Anunstc^ I'anlaineonrt that of {jiand (qnerry. !\[. l)e Villenenvo was first eliainbcrlain to the ipieen : his wife, the daii^'liter of M. (Juibert — a lady celeliratcd liir her wit and Iter line person — was ilumi- du /mliiin, iM. dc Saii;;ras, chief master of the ceremonies, V(^ him: he is ffiflcd with all the inestimable ipialilies that belong to an upritrht man. 1 was the hearer of two letters; one from the kin;; of Maples and the other I'rom his mother. He convi rsed with us a Ion;; time, and expressed };rcat plea- snri^ at seeiu'; ns a;;.iin. I mentioned that a pa.ssii^fe in his letter to the (pieen id' Maples, had ;;iv( ii rise to my journey. ' lie assured,' was ids reply, 'that 1 shall use every exerlion in my powi'r to be useful to .loseph: what- ever be|on;;s to me is at his disposal. I am already eu- ileavonriii;; to raise iimney, lhoii;;h it will be a dillii'iilt linsiness; lor this country would never lend, iven to .\a- polenii. Iliiwever, I d i not despair, and shall do my iiest.' -Ml this was said in that open, frank maimer, which no diarty spirit : this iircvents them from tbrniiiij; a proper estimate of each other 1 require u hot cliinute, and the baths of the south of France.' " On takin^jr leave of his majesty, wo were informed hy M. Uouchebcrne, prelect of tlie palace, lliat the kin^r desired us to lodge in no other house than his own, iinii that we were to reside in the palace : this iiitellifreiice WHS ullerwards confirineil by M. de Saugras. Just as we were about sittinjf down to table, we were invited to dine with the queen. 'J'he company consisted of an aililieal oU'eiiees, nicrev is well ln'iilcnn The? great principle' is, that when the sovereign ^[►| si'lf is the oiije'et of the crime, then ilemi'ney licr.iii«' iidiiiirable. On llii' first rmiiour ufan nccusatioll iillli'l iinliire, piiblii' opinion is arrayed on the f iile of tlir prit, and not in siip|iorl of the t'xeciitivc wliiili is lo Ibri'e' the law. Slionid the? prifiec remit the puiilsliin the pe-ople eoiiHieler him supe'rior lo the' otli'iire, and I iuiligii.'.lion is III! 11 e xe ileel :egainst the oU'eniler: vin'il he pnrmi' an op|Misile leiiirse, he is re prolmteel ii» nn presLor and ii lyninl; but if hi' piirelon iilrocioii?' 'ii™ nnls, he m < einte nmeel leir IiIr weakness, or Imle il Inr li w^^apia*^ ^ffiiiii®® ®i2B®wm^sair^ iiti^e^iimT^ Ic potii-y 111' liis ii-cvenl tin; jii,,| he mcasuri's (,\ of his liiiigdom )|)ortuiiily to in. nlicy nddptid in js of tircut llri. itli the contiinT.l, products of ill r raw niiitcrial nf liroIK! UIHltr Kill. ufeictiireil slian, • prosperity \nrt Klunijerfd. ! ( be kind to ii wilr, auro dictated by tlit nre contnincil in > | lid in IHOH, on 111. lers. This liistmi' j lere oinitlid ; Hi uint of his lulniim! I , and liiiH a (liriil| iilUicnciiig the ilts- .,Al>rin,l, Irtl^ |last hour I rcrcivn! from the AuiliH . you my reply, Hti use you have luailt llily produce Imilif 1. ("if the flliot awi [it to save it fii'iii ll wlli'ii till' nuri; net ofthe jiiilti- , none but piiii rw» Ic.^rlil I'asi' is wiiUy liiid inurdiT a iwri) lsmu(r(;le "il'i i"* lleath, and yiairiK lliin to ouleanlK mi^ ll these iPii'ii l«", l„|r_had lliiy rvn |_lhenlhi' Ve nlVeiirr, iimlll"" le elVeudir; flu* probated as iin ,11 iiliiH-iiiii.. iiim ,„•, or liuli ll I'rr M VOL. !• rHILAl>KL.l'lllA, MAKCIt 'M, INIl:). NO. II. rHlvmo AND PeousiiKU BV .^DAM WALDIi;, Sn. li, Niiaru ElciilTll Strekt, I'llli.inKi.iMin— A r .$5 I'nr M niiiiibi rs, pnyalilii in advance. R. &. (t. 9. wool), I'RINTUKS AND FCBLlSIIKRS, NkW YoRK, Sole Asi'nls and I'nlilishcrs liir Hie siacu ol' Now Vork anil all tliu \iiw Englaml stales. I'MKDMX N. WlHJl) & fO lt.iiinsKi,i.»R9, Haltimoiik, Soto .Aseiila for Iho eiati'sol' .Marylanil, Virainiu, anil Uiiin, ml ilierityof \i:w Orleans. evil intentions. Vo not imagine that mercy is a prero- cativc which can be always wielded without injury, or that society applaud.s its constant employment. On the contrary, the community coiidcmnH its exercise on sig- nal offenders, bocaiiso it then liccomcs destructive of social order. Vou have made use of this right too fre- nuciitly and too indiscriininatcly : you sliould be deaf to your heart's benevolence, when it incites to acts detri- mental to your subjects!. I should have imitated your conduct with regard to the Jews, but I would never have pardoned the Middleburgsmuirglers. In the latter case, tliere were many reasons why justice should have been allowed to take its coiB-sc, and by the terror of such an exfcntion to attain the excellent effect of preventing fu- ture crimes. Koyal officers had been massacred in the middle of the night; the murderers were condemned; yet your majesty commnfes the punishment for a few year:*' imprisonment, and the inevitable result will be ibund in a complete discouragement of the collectors of the revenue. Let me now explain the political tendency of this measure. For many ycurs past, Holland has been the channel through wliieli England lias introduced its ma- nufactures into the continent, and this branch of trade has been immensely profitable to its merchants. For this reason the Dutch arc attached to smuggling and fa- vour England, and fiir this reasmi they hate France, who prohibits smuggling, and wars against England. Tlie pardon yon have accorded to tlicse murdering revenue- breakers, is a kind of ileference paid to the lovo of Hol- land for contraband trade. It seems as if you made cominon cause with them ; but against whom ? Against iiiyseifl The Hollanders are ntlaehod to you. Your manners arc plaui ; your disposition mild : your government suit- cd (0 llii'ir views. Were you to show yourself firmly rtsnlveil to put down all illicit traffic — were you to ex- plain to your subjects thrir true position — you would then employ your inlluencc with discretion, and they would bcli've the continental sy.^tcm a lienetit, iK'eaiisc it would be upheld by tlnir king. I cannot discover what advantage your majesty proposes to yourself, from popularity obtained at my cxiiense. The days of Uyswifk are gone by in Holland, and France is no lon- ger in the last years of Louis XIV. If Holland be un- able to pursue an indeiiendenl |iolicy ; she has no alter- native but to adhere to the conditions of her Blliance with I'rnnee. 'riie|(olicy of princes, my brother, must ever regard the future, and not the mere exigencies of the passing day. What is the present condition of Europe ? On the one hand is England, jiossesBing alone n pre|)onder. nnce to which the whole world has hitherto Uoti obliged taHubniit: on the other nre llie French empire and the powers of the rontineiit ; who, with the force of union, ran never submit to the s|iccies of Buprt'inacy exercised liv lireal Itritaiii. All these nations forinerly possessed rojnnies and liireign cominerie : Ihe extent of their sea- Ixard is iiineh greater than that of I'liijland ; but iinfor- liinatilv tlicy have been always disunited. (Jreat Uri- lain has nltieked tluir navies in detail — she liastriiiinph- ccl on every sea — and all their maritime forces are iloytroyeil. With all the resources fur shippiiig and sea- men, of Kiiisia, Sweden, France, and Spain, notasrpiad. ron dim viiiliire from their roadsteads. It is nohinger, tlien, iViMii a league of the mnritiine |iowers — a roufede. raey wliieli is moreover impraetieable, tVoin distance and Ininllieling iiilerest.s — that i;iiro|H' must ex|>e on the various interests which had so long divided tht -o n.itions, for past events rendereil him suspicious, and the silence of Napoleon lell little room for self deceit. The eareliss manner in whieli he was treated, soon gave liiin lo understand that Ihe demands on Holland would be mere subjei Is of official coinmiinienlion — that he was not to be consulted — and that no pains would he taken to secure his approbation, or to ascertain that the mensurca proposed accorded with Ihe interests of Ilnlland. These gloomy presentiments were soon but too fully rcalistil.- The speech of Napoleon lo Ihe ligislativo Imily announced the sad destiny of Holland. The king would probably have enlered his solemn protest liefire the assembled sovereigns, but care had been taken lo exclude him (Voni the invitation which emhraeed all the oilier allies of Ihe eni|>crnr. The danger beennie every day more imminent : Louis nt length resolved to return privately to his kingdom, and to resist Ibe violent en- ernachmenl* of his brother, if resistance were yet [Hissi hie. The secret orders given fiir his departure were eommunieated to Ihe emperor, and the king, on his part, aseerlnined that he was eonslniilly wnlehrd by disguised iillicers of the police : one of them, an old soldier nf the nrtli regiment of dragoons, having discovered himself lo bin former colonel, Louis dissimulated, and ho]iing In elude the vigilnncBof his guards, feigned tola! ignorance ' * 'A: ■■J •/> ' 'JV ■ •1 ■» ', .,.» ■s ;i' I ■'.A l"■> I'M. " i•'^■l, of tliij systuiii ol" oli:ii'rviiti(in ; but every hope proved vain — i'vury iil;in vv.is a tiiilurc. Neillicr corniplinn nor adilress coiiUI cxlrieiito liiiii IVoni tlie toils in wliicli lie was involved, and no resource was left better llinn a discjiiised flii^lit- A man more robust and resolute than liouis, niiijlit liave (|uilled Paris at niirlitlall — mounted Ilia horse at tlic gates — and escajied at lull speed ; but tliouyli si ill yoiine, the doubtt'nl health of the kinj; pre- vented all tliouixhts of so hardy nn enterprise. He re- Bolved to despatch one of his attendants secretly to Am- sterdam, with positive orders to the minister of war to break the dykes, place the country in a complete state of military preparation, and by every possible exertion to prevent the French forces trom oceupyiufr the capi- tal. Napoleon, who was soon informed of these mea- Kures, made bitter complaints to the kinj^, and gave way to the most furious passion. Louia opposed firiimess to violence, and when driven to e.vtreinily, avowed openly that the defensive preparations had been undertaken by his express command. " I have been ileceived," was his bold exjiression, " by promises which were never intended to be ke|)l. Holland is weary ol being the puppet of I'Vaiice." The emperor, enraged by a dignified oi)positioii to which he was wholly unused, was violently excited ; Louis met him with tlie (juiel re- fcignation and composure of a good conscience. Napo- leon ipiiekly recovered himself, and becoming suddenly c.ihn, informed the king coldly, that he must choose be- tween the union of Holland to France, or the innnediale rcvoealion of bis warlike instrucUons, and the removal of his minister of war. This result had been the conslimt object of the king's most lively apprehensions: it was Ibis tid a clear gain in these unhappy ne- Koliatioiis. At b inrlli the eon'lant watching of bis per- nun coiiKcd : NapoUon liiiame kind when nil his de- mnniU were conceded, an ' ■vcn endeavoured to remw llieir I'oriiier allVetion. Alln ni absence which, instead of lasting one month, had been prolonged to four, lionis look his (Irparliire from France. His afilielioli at this prolraelid Hcparalioii from his kingdom, may well be imagined, but i very mnow was forgotten iis he approaeh- pd onco inori hi . adopted roimtry, liiHclieriRheil Holland. TIlP higlie-t < njoymeni of n monareb, the deliyhl ol dominions. Dark rumours, hinting that he would never riturn, had been long circulated, and tlic scnsatii n [iro- duccd by his re-appearance was the more entlmsiuslie in proportion to its being unexpected. The queen also was immediately looked lor. Iler residence at Paris bad been but little happier than her husband's, for the same ambition which excited Napolcon'H aggrissiont upon Holland, had also inspired the project of an impe- rial aUiancu with the house of Ausiriu. Motives seem- ingly the most opposite, governed the deeds of Ibis ex- traordinary man. Allcr routing the armies of Francis in a hundred battles — after two entries us a conqueror into the German capital — he rejoiced in consummating the humiliation of his enemy, by extorting his coiiBcnt to the marriage of his daughter. It seemed also to the fortunate soldier, that an alliance with the oldest ami haughtiest dynasty of lOurope, would seat liini legitimate- ly on his uninheritcd Ihronc. A second marriage being decreed, it becnmc neces- sary to annul the first. Long before any direct expres- sion of the imperial will, the quick sighted courtiers had r Ibis v^'HH not the liini lo »|K'iik of my iirivale oIim rvations. 1 shall m ver fiir- witnosBin([ thu joy uf Iuj bubjnct:<, Hwuilod Louin ill liisUct tlio lual wotd* whicli tliii cstimablu princMs condv sccnded lo address to me: 'He assured, M. de Uausst, that there is some mystery in all this.' This convi'rs;i. Ii( n only served lo strengthen the inq ressioiis I lir.il re. ccived during the negotiations at Schocnbrunn, altluiii|;li 1 could not forcsi e tlio period of the calastroplu, aur how it would be brought about. I was soon better in. formed." " The king of Saxony arrived at Paris on the lUlh of Nnveinber, and their majesties left Fontainebleau on tlie I4tli. Napoleon performed the journey on horselradi, and immediately after his arrival, he ]iaid a visit lo the king, who occupied the palace of I/Elysec. The pre. sence of this virtuous monarch at Paris soinetinics in. tcrrupted tlicir privacy, but the embarrassment of iSa. |>olcun increased proportionably with the uneasiness and vague forebodings of the empress. She ap|)cared to lia\c a strong jircscntiinent of upprouching misfortune, audio be gathering her striiigth lo support its bitterness vvilli tbrtitude. " 1 was on duty at the Tuileiics, after the 2Ttli of November. On that day, and on the succeeding Tuts, day and ^Vcdnc^ now of no use in the lighted passage, and ordeicd liiin lo go beliirc. He Ibeii took hold of .losepbinc's liet liini- sell', lo enable me to descend with more ease. Oner my sword embarrassed iiie, and 1 llioughl we should eir- lainly fall; but happily no aeeidi'iit occurreel, nnd vteilr- posiled our precious burthen on an ottoman in lur teil chamber. Tlie emperor inimedialely ran lo the bell. pull, nnd i,-.ii: for tlie woincnof the empriss. She had ceased lo iiiuiiii since I hud lir.'-t raised her in tin' upper sabioii, and I iiiingiiied lliat she hiid fainted, milil Ihe lime of lliclitllf ililllculty with my svvoril in the middle of the stiiirs .\i we liiid no time li r arranging our positions, 1 wns (iMii'iil to lit;hle n my grasp in order to avoid a fall wbicli ini|;lil have' been I'alal to all of lis. ftly arms were round lici wiiisl — her back supported by my breast — and lier lioul lying on iiiy right Hbonlder. When she pereeivid nil enilc.vours lo ki cp IVoiii Hilling, she whisperiil, 'Vol iiie.is nil loo linrd.' From tint niomeiil I fell no npprr- beii.<:luii3 aiNiiit her liiallh,aiid it was evident that shcU 111 ver lost her retolli itioii liir an instant. " During thia wliolo truniiuclion 1 wus loo bu»y willi .loae'pliine to caiiii: ill, I fi ing tlic bed excessive. I that he iiifor ill these woi dynasty ilo v bocniiie a rig at this seen licaril every t 1 deplore will deiniis nic to firiniie'.-fs, and oxysiii of gr lli(!SC .seiitenc noiinccd with His voice was with tears, would never 1 removed from The whole see iiiiiiiites. " Najmleon llorlensc, (Jai ,1 in Ilis own api ,& Jo.sepliiiie, will 3 It vv.is easy M blow ali'jut to I ^ fiiitlifiil cniiip; I charge her wit I lirr at the futal 'j own experienc 5 eiiiiilion of sur| ■ worilsofapolog — till! tears he v iiiiii'li astonislii liiT grief the v (li^niily of a sf I'liiprcsR had he riiiiii'luiiication ns well to priwc sidi'ralion for J lilli'd. Ilortcnse V biTaiisc, as she \ ■^ she could best !) wiotliiiig address 3 lier cahinily. J 4 picic co-operatioi \ Bi'C iieilhiT propr i lioa nnd queenly ! caprice. The ci * inisrorliiiie; nnd I bi'i'ii required tin I aliriiptly to licr I equivocal exprcsi hcrsi'lf to utter, nller tlii'se, it wai evil, should bear preiai'li, niiel siisti prodaci'il by Ihe i The: liveline.ss i lier soiitinients a iiesH nf her heart lo the emperor, nlioiit to he e'terni her llirnne: it wii ndiiiii'cd nnd so nnd most enduri Willi praclisuig li< mission, she cnjo dren. Voting ar Ihcy till tlieinHclv h'T rights. This nlli'ction, was par policy. .bui'pliine was liotHi'i'ii Nnpoleoi their nntiirnl rclal nf enlhiterni rcbit liccn promised lo 1 • 111' emperor eoul MiHid, The silual fivoiir.ililc. Iler CO woiiii'd a fecbh' bo liilt'Tnl on his thn i'>trant;i'iiieiit froi ciisaidi' In the brut 111'' L'raiiilciir aire innlher, aiiel to bor mill the sharers ol ihiBc Irunsports ol U L ItlEMOIRS OF IIORTEXSE nEAt'IIAnNAIS. 163 , M. df Uaiitsstt, 'J'liis convirsii. cptiioiiK 1 lir.ii re- ibrunii, allhuti|;li catastmiiliL, nur J Boon better in. ris on the 13lh uf tuincblcnu uu the ey on liorBi'linck, paid a visit to llic ;iyscc. The pre. ris (-onictinics in. rrassment of Ni. 10 uncasiiicps and npjicarcd to liavc nisfortunc, anil to ts bitterness witli after tlio 2Ttli of HHceeeding 'I'uts. observe a great 1, and a mute con. If during; dinner, jk iiic Fonic liritf ply. On cikIi of than ten niinnltj, itorni hurst. 'I'lii ir lino wore u hirgc bin, and eoiiccakd [ould pereciM' tlmi sitill rcsitruiiicd lut tlic iniiigc! of arid nee reifjncd duriiif ouehed out ol'inctc e when Napoirai as?' lu proiKHinc. 1 Josephine slowly Napoleon took llir inliuinled that lit isy, and a prey ir, tired to the alliiid. latly dined, and sal or of the einpcrot'j nienlly the reiiiova, lily hearil the im. f the ehaniher wis ,it I prevented liiiii, [all for assiatantc if )r when Napoleon on perreivinff nif, or.' 1 enl( red 'I* the carpel, aiil ItiouH, 1 wnmiMitiil lu fall wliieli mii'lill luH were round liril VnHt — and Inr limll 1 »he pereeivid niM I wliis|)e'red, 'Yoil |nt 1 fell no niipf I \iilenllliatiilicliM| Jml. Iwua loo hwy »il* I lujeiliiiie to obsi-rve Napoleon ; but when the attendants ■ ', il,, [ tbllowed him into a small anteelianiber adjoin. i,',.r the bed room. His a<;llalion and uneasines.s were cvcrssivc. His grief, indeed, disturln-d him so tnueli, tint lie informed me of the cause of all that had passed, in these words. ' The interests of France and of my dvnasly do violence to my heart Divorce has become a rifforoiis duty .... I am Uic more aHlieted nt tliis scene with Josephine, because she must have linard every Ihinjr ft-om Hortcnse three days ago 1 deplore with my whole heart the necessity which con- (leniiis nic to a separation .... I thoughtshe had more finiine.-is, and was by no means prepared for such a par- ow'siii of grief.' Mis emotion compelled him to utter these sentences nt long intervals; the words were pro- nounced with difliculty and almost without connection. His voice was filtering and oppressed, and his eyes filled with tears. He must have lost all self-command, or lie would never have entered into such detJiils to on(^ so far removed from his eouncils and his confidence as myself. The whole scene did not last more than seven or eight minutes. _ - „ . ... " Napnioon immediately sent for Corvisnrt, Queen Unrleiise, Cainbaceres and Fondle; hut before returning to his own apartment, he made personal incpiiries after Jo.'on his best friend, and most Hiithfiil eninpanion ; and it was equally imreasonable to char-'e her with weakness, because a complaint csca|)ed her at the fatal crisis. He might have learned from his own experience, that keenness of feeling is the first emotion of surprised pride. His own disorder — the few words of apology stammered out to an inferior attendant —the tears he was unable to restrain — were at least as nineh astonishing, as that Josephine should exhibit in hrr ffrief the wcokncss of a woman, rather than the dignity of a sovereign. It is true that the unhappy einpresR had been already led to expect this afflicting coini'uinicaliim ; but the instructions of Napoleon, given ns well to prevent his own embarrasment, as out of con- siileralion for Josci)hinc, had been but iiniwrfectly ful- lilleil. Ilorfensc was selected as the natural mediatri.v, k'cnii»e, as she was endeared by the closest ties of blood, she enuld best emjiloy the alTectionate stratigems and soothing address, so necessary to prepare her mother for her ealamity. But the same feelings prevented her com- plete co-operation; for in the proposed measure, she could see neither jiropriety nor necessity, while her filial ntiec- tion and ipieenly pride pointed out all its injustice and caprice. The conlldeiice of the emperor was to her a mist'orliine; and her heart would have broken had it been reipiired that she should declare the iini«'riiil wi aliriiplly to her mother. A few distant allusions and equivocal expressions, which were all she could bring hcrsell" to iilter, fulfilled the strict coinmands of duty ; iilbr these, it was but just that the first cause of all the evil, should bear the punishment of announcing its ap- proach, and sustaining the first hurst of sorrow or anger proihieed by the sad intelligence. The liveliness of Josephine's grief was displayed in all lier senlinients and e.\pressioiis. The invincible good- ncs» of her heart recalled the many lies that united her to l!ie emperor, at the very moment when they were nhout to be eternally severed. Her least regret was for licr Ihrnne : it was the loss of her husbanil, so warmly ndiiiired and so truly loved — that exciti'd the keenest Mill most enduring nrtliction. Not content, however, Willi practising herself the duties of gratitude and sub- mission, she enjoined and enforced fliem uimn her cliil- ilren. Yming and strongly attached to their mother, lliey lilt Ibemselves injured by the blow ilireeleil agninst her rights. This e.valted filial piety, justified by natural all'ection, was pardonable even m the eyes of reason and policy. .Iinephinc was tho true and only link of connection heliM'en Nnpoleon and her ehildr»n : after her divmee, Iheir natural relnliim towards him was infeiior to that of collalcral relatives. 'I"he crown of Italy, which had lieen promised to Rugene, was lost beyond all liopi', when llie emperor could look forward to heirs of his own Moral. The siluutiou of llorlense was in no wise mure fivouraWc. Her eondiliou as tho wife of Nnpiileou's brother woineil a feeble bond of union, when that brotheriilrendy lolten (I (in bis throne, and when every day inereased his i'slraiii;eiiicnl from his eonsml. It was theretiire ex- nisalilc in the hrollier and sister, if they wisheil to resign llie irraiidciir already half lost by tlie divore- nf Ibeir Mollnr, and to become the cnmpanimn nf her retirement, niid the sharers of her olweiirily. Josephine iiioderaleil thctc transports of feeling ; slio excused tho conduct ol' Napoleon, reminded them of their obligations to his favour, and commanded implicit obedience to the will of liini, who was to them n lUlher and a sovereign. Their sacrifice was in Ihe highest degree meritorious. What could he more painfid, after they had left their weeping mother, than to mingle in all the pomp of a second mar- riage — to see a haughty stranger seated on the throne of Josephine — to gaze uiioii the llirong of servile courtiers crowding around this new object of adulation — and to acknowledge a mistress, when they had Ibrgotten their condition us subjects, iu tho honoured title of children of the empress? In every ceremony requiring liis presence, lOugcne was distinguished for hisdignified behaviour. His coun- tenance, usually mild and smiling, had beeoine grave and serious, strongly expressive of internal distress, re- strained by pride, lionour, and the obligations of the oc- casion. He was a man : but the feiiiinine weakness ol his sister was nnequal to n similar exertion. Four queens bore tlic imperial train of Maria Louisa, ns she approached tho nuptial ultar : Hortcnse, one of the four, wept bitterly as she followed the new bride of Nnpoleon, and when the fatal Yes was pronounced that separated him for ever from his mother, she uttered a loud shriek and bceaine insensible. When this tribute to nature and her sex had been thus paid, she recovered all her native strength of character, and the lofty bearing l)efitting her rank. Josephine practised in its fullest extent the generous moderation she inculcated on her childrim. It was in her power to have interposed serious obstacles in the way of Nairaleon's marriage, by means of the religious aerujiles of Maria Louisa, who, from her education in a bigoted court, evinced a strong repugnance to become the wife of one whose former u i. was still unbroken in its sacramental obligation. Tl. .lew bride had received assuraiiciM that Na])oleon's first marriage was a mere civil ceremony ; but she refiiscd to trust any oilier authority than that of Josephine herself. The j)uke of .Rovigo has stated in his Memoirs, that Napoleon had never espoused Josephine in eliurch: in this assertion he has only repeated the rumour which he and many others had most probably Ix'en ordered to spread at t\\v time of ihe divorce, hut it is not, on that account, the less untrue. Evciy n'lijrious rite had been .' Ifilled, and, strange as it ..^'/y apjicar, twice instead of once. The first time the ceremony was performed by a parish priest: af\crwards, a few days before the coronation, in consequence of some informalities discovered by the car- dinal delegated by the pope, the nuptial benediction was repeated by himself in the chapel of the Tuihries: Duroe and Eugene were two of the witnesses present. The cardinal suhseqiienlly, at the request of Josephine, signeil a certificate, declaring the reality and validity of her religious marriage : but no use was made of this power- ful weapon. The will of a husband who deserted her, was respected, and nn equivocal reply, involving no direct violation of the truth, quieted all the scruples of Maiia Ijouisa. She was re(|uested to refer to the Moniteur ; when Josephine well knew that Napoleon had thought it inexiiedicnt to publish in that journal, his deference for the wishes of the po|)u and the cardinal. In separating lor ever from her consort, Josephine sought tlic sad salisfaelion of writing her farewell, and of giving him fur the last time tho.se counsels, which he had always followed with advantage. From such a let- ter it was impossilde lo exclude every expression of eon- j'lgal and matern:ii grief; but it is lo llie Ibresighl, rather than to the sorrow of Josephine, that we must ascribe Ihe prophelie foreboding of evil, so siwn to he realised. \V iiere insert this interesting doenment. " iMy forebodings arc rialised 1 you Irive proinuinecd Ihe word which separate.-i us for ever; Ihe rest is nothing more than mere Ibnnalily. This, llu n, is the eoiisum- iimtion, I will not say of all my sacrifices, — they cost me nothing since they were made for you, — but of my un- bounded attaidimcnl, and of your own most solemn ohli- galions. If the piilicy which ycni allege ns u reason sh'Mild prove siicecssl'ul, I should not coniphiiii, but |H)licy i.i a mere pretext. It is to your mistaken ambition that I am saerificcd — In that nmiiilion which has guided your whole career, wliieli lias led you to conquest, elevated you to enqiirr, nnd now hurries you onward to disaster and defeat. " Yon siHMik of mighty alliances, of giving an heir to Ihe empire, of tinmding a new dynasty ; but wllh whom is Ibis alliniice lo 1)0 formed? With llie deceitful house of .\iistria, the sworn iMieiiiy of France; a fninily which ilelcsls us from feeling, from sysleni, niid from necessily. Do you believH thai Ibis haired, «o often displayed wilbiii the last half ccniury, has not Is'en Iranslerrcd from llie Bourbons to the empire ? Or do you suppose that the hildrcn nf the able .Maria I'lieresa, who piireliased from Madame de Pompadour Hie latal treaty of 17511, which you cannot even nn'tilion witlioul a shudder — do vnu stip- po.se that her posterity have not iiibiriled her spirit us well ns her doniinimi ? I only re|.eat what you have told me a hundred times when your ambition was satisfied with humiliating a power wliieli it now seeks lo restore. Believe me, as long as you are master of (Onropc, you will find her your slave ; hut beware of a reverse ! " You wish, however, an heir, liven though ns a mother, I should appear partial in speaking of a son who is all my delight and used lo be your hope — can I or ought I to be silent? The adoption of the Idth of January, Ittllli, was then another political falsehood; but there is no deception in the virtues and lab'iils of my Fugene. How ollen have you yourself praised them ! I'raised them I you have endeavoured In recompense them with a throne, while you confessed that the reward wns infe- rior to his merits. All France has re-echoed these senti- ments, but what are the wishes of France ? I dn not speak of my siiecesior, and you can hardly expect il, wlieii all I eouhl say of her woiihl appear suspicious. There can be no suspicion as to my prayer fiir your hnp- piness, wliirli alone can iinw console inc. Ah ! how great will tliat happine6.s l)e, if it equals my sorrow." CIIArTFll X. The king of Holland entertained n sincere friendship for Josephine, and was deeply grieved at the divorce, yet he wns very near following the example of Napoleon. The time had not come, when he could venture to solii^it o|)enly for a dissolution of his marriage, but he wished to add the sanclion of the law to the actual separation ex- isting iK'tvveen himself and his queen. The health of both |)ortics wa.s, in point of fact, much impaired; the true motive, however, was to be sought in their tliseordant tempers. During the whole period of his late residence in Paris, Louis had never seen the c|ueen, except on tlioso pidilie occasion.^ when a meeting was rciniercd unavoid- able by the rules of etiquette. On his arrival from Hoi- land, he had repair^ ' immedialely to his mother's resi- dence, in.stcad of proceeding to his own (lalace, which was occupied by Hortcnse. After nil this coldness, ho expressed a desire for her return to Amsterdam ; and he conceived herself obliged by duly to comply with all his wishes. Ho was unfortunate; bis kingdom was nie- iiaccd by the imperial armies ; and the winning manners, amiability and address of the queen, might prove ex- tremely ueefiil in encouraging his di.sspirited subjects, and in preserving to the last moment their wavering al- egiance. The experience of a few weeks satisfied Hortcnse thnt she had flnttered herself with a vain illusion. In private, the behaviour of the king had undergone no change, and he snon found the public observance of appearnnces, nn intolerable constraint. Indiilerenee, discord, and mis- understanding became too apparent, and alike niinoycd nnd alHicfed the people and the courtiers, the French and the Dutch. Hortcnse was soon convinced that her pres-ence eouhl be more useful to tier mother than to her liiisbaml. I'lidcr pretext of ill-health, she removed for n few clays to the royal castle of Loo; nnd thence, without the hast intimation to the king, she eel nut for France. It is said that Louis was somewhat piqued, when he heard nf this departure, eillier on aeeount of the con- tempt displayed for his authority, or because he really enlcrluined the plan, asserted by some, of comprlliiig tho queen to resi(h^ in his dominions. This latter supposition is highly ini|irobablc. The jusliee and humanity of Louis, himself so severe a sufl'erer by state pofii-y, could scarcely have inlliiii d the same \\ rongs upon a neglected wile. Still, however, the best nnd most rcnsennhle nro often iiiconsisleiil ; and we are scldnm gcwcrned our- selves by the same rigid morality v\liieli influences oiir judgment of the eon,!ji ■I* 'I '■A ^ '?:i(ii ■•■'■'I ' '.''i'-^i^f . ■.' ■■■.I '■■vNM ■■■: ;',^-tJ '4 li^H'iii 'Oli*'*- 164 IIIE3IOIRS OF HORTENSE BEAUHARNAIS. 1^1 ■f i;. ,,.e dcr sucli circumstances, nnd with cquallv iiiiportunt cnlls, ought to know liow to restrain tier fcehngH and even to love in return. Had slic possessed this self-command, the vexation of lier h.te law suit would have been spared and her life rendered happier. If she had accompanied Louis to Holland, he would never have quitted Amster- dam, nor slioiild 1 have been cnmpelkd to take possession of his kingdom, a measure whicli contributed greatly to ruin me in Europe, and tlius many events might have taken a diflcrent turn." Napoleon nmst have been strangely disposed to ascribe great results to trilling causes, if he really imagined tlic union of Holland and France to have been the conse- queiice, either of the discoid of l.ouis and his consort, or of the indilVerenec of Horteiisc for her husband. If this wa.s his true IwlicI', why had he not con)riianded them to sacrifice their mutual dislike? His will had crrtiiinly worked greater miracles than this. The truth is, that the emperor never occupied himself seriously with these family dissensions ; and all three ])crfeclly understood tlieir rekitive positions. Louis had adopted the only rea- sonable line of policy ; his wile admired liis conduct, even while lamenting the inevitable rupture with Napo- leon, and had she idolised her husband she could never have advised liim to other measures. The policy of the emperor was wholly independent of mere domestic rela- tions. In giving up to the bent, or perhaps to the caprice of their dispositions, Louis and Hortense endangered no- thing but their individual happiness; all the rest dcijcndcd on the destiny, or rather on tlie ambition of Napoleon. It was no doubt through a singular modesty that lie pre- ferred seeking in others, those causes of action which existed only in himself. With Louis, the great misfor- tune was not so much the alleged indifference of his con- sort, as his own inability to stand in comparison with the lofty genius of his brother. 'I'lmt same genius whioli conquers kingdoms, subjects nations, creates monarchies, and legislates for an "mpire, possesses in every thing a supernatural energy. It rules the hearts of women, as despotically a-s the reason and courage of men. To his family the emperor was fond and alfeclionate ; had he been savage and brutal, still Josephine would have ever shown mihiness, submission, and love. Fortune had dealt hardly by Louis : his chanictcr was unaiiiiable, and he wanted the commanding mind of N.ipolcoi!. But, ahs 1 genius is often a fatality. maincd for a moniont in silent admiration. Her deep teelings were too soon to be wounded by a more reul horror. Their guides had haetily laid a narrow plank across the chasm as a bridge, liirlense, who first made the at- tempt, crossed wil4i a firm, light step, and in perfect safety. Madame de Brer ventured in her turn. A sudden crash is heard, followed by a piercing shriek — Ilortensc turns and rushes to the brink, the ]ilank had given way, and she sees the body of her unhai)])y friend, shooting from rock to rock, and ovcrwlu lined at last in the waters of the torrent. There were no ro|ies at li;ind,and no ladder could have been long enough to reach the toot of the pre- cipice. The guides never doubted her fate for an instant ; death was inevitable, and it was scarcely even to be hoped that the mutilated corpse might be carried ti.r into tlie valley, and deposited where the care of friends eould re- cover it for tlie last sad funeral rites. Overwhthnrd with grief, Hortense lost every thought of her oWn escape from a similar fate in traversing the same frail plank. Her situ- ation was really alarming, nnd the guides were obliged to lay hastily a stronger bridge nnd to cross to her nssistancc. Her oldest friend, she who had shared every wish and soothed all her sorrows, was thus torn from her by a sud- den and fearful death. It was the most terrible shock sustained by Hortense, since the loss of Iier eldest son. When lime and care had in some degree restored her to health, she sought to divert her grief by her customary occupations of beneficence. She founded a hospital ut Aix, and devoted a great portion of each day to the dis. tribution of money and medicine to its sick or indigent inmates; accompanying her gifts with those kind expres- sions, which render charity yet more welcome and more efficacious. CIIAI'Tf;R XI. Josephine retained, after her divorce, tl.c title of em- press, with a fortune and household belitling her dignity. Her retirement still bore the nppearaiieo of a court; dil- fcring only in the less strict observance of etiquette and in the diminished attendauc e of courtiers, but atoning in freedom from restraint and in general kindness, for the want of magiiificence and ceremony. The pleasures of II circle of intimato friends are certainly the best coiiso- lati^ms for the loss of power; and Josephine having full lilxirty to travel, enjoyed the additional advantage of car- rying all her society along with her. On these expedi- tions, lilierty increased in direct proportion to the distance from the capitil. She chiefly resided at her country seats, Malmaison and Navarre, though sometimes more distant journeys were undertaken. On one occasion she even went as far as guised under tlic forms of the most delicate courtesy. He was so anxious to see the empress .roseidi. o and her daughter, that he entreated them to n turn to Malmaison, unless they preferred receiving an early visit at Navarre. As an acknowledgment of tliis politeness, the mother set out immediately ; but Hortense had duties to perform towards Maria Louisa, whom she still regard- ed as her sovereign. The powerful protection tendered toller mother, removed all anxiety on that account ; nnd it was therefore incumbent on her to calm the apprehen- sions and share the [lerils of the scccmd consort of Napo- leon. She accordingly repaired to Ramboutllet, where Maria Louisa, gunrdeil by the forces of the coalition, was awaiting her future lot It was sjicedily determined ; and when she had set out for Vienna with an Austrion escort, Hortense returned to her mother at Mnlmnisoii. Hero Joscphino appeared to have revived her ancient court of the Tuileries. The more intimately she-ljecame known to the allied monarehn, the more she was admired nnd respected ; nnd the arrival of her daughter increnseil the attentions of these illustrions visitors. Grace and amiability were hereditary in fliis family; their trium]ihs were r;"rer, milder, and more rapid tlmutho comiueslsof Napoleiii. CHAPTER XIII. . The solicitude of the allied monarchs for tlic future welfare of Hortense, was an immediate consequence ol . ilie interest slic had inspired. "Remark," suid Ihov " with what case an enlightened people can abandon a chief who has raisi d them to such a pitch of power and glory. The military alone exhibit the least regret: all the rest rejoice in the change, though it is impossible for them to foresee its results. Observe all those courtiers eagerly crowding about the restored dynasty ! But yrs. terday, they were prodigal of the most solemn oallis of attuelinieiit to Napoleon : to-day, tlicy pretend to have always hiited and despised him, and win new titlis to la. vour by bitter and scandalous libels iigainst their falld, master. Believe us, princess, all the rare and noble endow. iiients which Heaven has lavished on you, will not sutfia to fix the affections of the people : a power superior to the storms of revolutions, is the only safeguard against their fickleness and iiicoiistancy." Her august Irioiidi pressed her witli tlicsc reasons to accept an independent sovereignty. The philosophy of Hortense had been acquired in the school of misfortune, but it bore r.u similarity to that in. eulcated by these clear sighted sovereigns. The obscuri. ty of retirement seemed to her a yet safer asylum ngaiiiil the revolutions of kingdoms nnd the caprices of the jioo. pic : but she had children, born in tlie purple, and brourhi uji amidst the homage and respect of the highest dignitj. riea of tlic empire. The first impressions of education CNcrcisc an unconquerable influence over all the actioni of liie : those to whom grandeur was a birthright, can never endure mediocrity or obscurity, unless endowed with more greatness of soul tlian commonly falls to ilie lot of mortals. Hortense, therefore, yielded to the die. tutes of maternal tenderness, in accc|iting for her children what was to her a subject of indifference ; but she still displayed her moderation, in taking much less than hj been originally offered. At the request of the allied m. ereigns, Louis XVIII. erected St. Leu into a dutcby i'k her udvnutage, with the right of inheritance vested iii her ehildien. 'J'lie allied monarehs were equally anxious to confer i similar fiivour upon Josephine. She thanked tlieiii,l)oi constantly refused; with an indift'ercnee to power llm seemed almost a presentiment of the early fate whieh n. moved her from her children and her friends. Her hcallii bad been .«o deeply undermined by the shock and alllic- lion caut td by the overthrow of the empire, that an in. disposition, apparently trifling, became serious, nnd in j few days terminated in deatli. The spring is alwavs damp at Paris; but Malmaison, the empress's resiikim, Uing situated on the northern face of a hill and sur- rounded with woods, has more than its share of the pu. eial humidity. Josephuic lii'il Incn confined to her lad I'lir several days, by an attack of sore throat. The king of Prussia paid her a visit to inquire after her bcallli, and she imagined herself suflieiently well to rise and n. eeive him. Alarming symptoms appeared the same even- ing ; the next day, the best of women, the iiiiUk-'.t of queens, and the most atl'cctionatc of' mothers and wives, cersed to exist. It was now the second of June, 1811 : during I'our days, heaven, earth and nialilund had been alike sad: !or fi ur days had el.ipsed since the death of Josephine h.id deprived humnnity of its ornament and poverty of its pro- tectress. Every road from Paris to Ruel and its environs was crowded with trains of mourners. The iiidipcnt were not here alone — there ure other misfortunes In'sidej poverty. Sad groupes thronged nil the avenues, and 1 eonld distinguish fe:irs even in the splendid cqiiipngn which came rattling across the court y:ird. F'rom the fatal day of Josephine's death, until tlic H of June, the time appointed for the funeral, more than twenty thousnnd persons iR'held her for the last time- I do not includes the inquisitive stragglers, who availed them- selves of this opportunity to obtain a sight of Malmaison ; and who, after making a slight obeisance to the statcbcd, immediately inquired the way to the great Conservatory, or went oft laughing to tease the wild bt^asts. A fai greater number came to weep over the body of the cm- prr |«nto. "I'.nacncamrilorleiisoli) Jo«i;|ihini',"iialile accomplislimcnts, Josephine po.?Kesscd more solid acquirements. She understood botany thorouohly ; her taste for this favourite study erected the magnificent conservatories of Malmaison, which honour her mcniory almost as niueh as her pen- sions to the indigent. When her divorce had dispelled the magic dream of power, and an abdication liad exhi- bited the vanity of greatness, sho found consolation in the sight of her boautilul exotics, wanned even in exilo, by their native sun. The imperial purple was replaced by a plain dres.s of muslin; while the brow which once had glittered with royal jewels was still erowneil, but it was now with a simple diadem of roses and violets. A. the first intelligence of his mother's illness, Eu- gene ut instantly from Munich, where he had bctn welce. by his father in law, the king of Bavaria : but he arr; . ^d only in time to pay her the last honours, and to weep with Hortense over her tomb. We shall not attempt to describe their affliction. As a mother, no one was ever more aficctionatc than Josephine, or more deserving of love ; as children, Hortense and Eugene were every way worthy of their parent, and none could feel more deeply a similar calamity. CHAPTER XIV. As etiquette required the si n in law of a Vcigninj monarch to wait on the king of France in passing through Paris, Eugene paid a visit to Louis XVlll., after the expiration of the time prescribed for the ob- servances of grief. He was unwilling on this occasion, either to style hip .elf a German prince, or to assumo any title recalling the days of the empire : with charnc- leristie modesty and true French feeling he was there- fore simply announced as General Itenuhnrnais. Ho expressed his thanks to the king for the kind treatment oxtenelcd to his mother by the allied inonorehs, ond for the fiivoiirs they had comcrred upon his sister. Horton.se was under a still greater obligation of groti. tude towards Louis, and she cemsoqiiontly paid her re- spects to him on quilting her mourning. Both parties to this interview enjoyed a great reputation for ccnver- salioiial talent, although tlie sty's of each was extremely differont. The wit of the king was academic, and its far fotehod refinement was constantly porcoptible through the formal politoni'.ss of a court. Horlonvc, on the con- trary, is ever frank and unaficeted : her sensibility lends its hue to every thought, and her goodness of heart is expressed in every sentiment. The Inhoiir of display and the ooriurtry were all on tho port of tho king, for Horten.so had only to be herself to triumph in this litllo contest. Louis, however, acquired some advantage, from his limd conunendation of the merit of the prin- cess with whom he had thus become acquainted. In a Bourbon, this praise of a member of the imperial family was almost magnanimity ; but while full justice was rendered him lor the feeling, the courtiers and Parisians took care to add that he had turned a rank linnapartisl. Tho discontent of the partisans of Napoleon at tho conduct of Hortense, though more siippresred, was much more enduring. They ndmitted no excuse for her visit to the king, for they could never forgive its reason. The article in the treaty of Fontaineblsau erecting tho Dutchy of St. Leu was to them conclusive proof that the daughter of Napoleon wished to separalc herself tVoin IGG MEMOIUSOP IIOHTENSK BKArUAUNAIS. ' I IP ii i-:. , W: < the cause and ivou rrniii tlit iviiicmhianni' of liir lUllitr : tliuy would 111 vcr lisli-ii to llu' i'i:il iiiolivcs wc liavi' al- ready ( xplained. I'arty hpiiit is strangely inconsistent : its apimiUatiim or its silence must be purehnsed by sacri- fices, and yet tlicso are only rewarded willi obscurity and contempt. Louis Xapoleon was by no means the list to attack the conduct of llorteiise : perhaps, itideid, he was only takinjr udvantaiije of her present nnpojiularity, to realise a sclienu^ projected long before. .V llinual separation from l)cd and lji):ird already existed ; he now claimed the pos- session of h's oldest .sou — a claim of course refused by Ilorlenso. The attair was reterred to a legal tribunal, where it \v:is still piiudinff, when the news reached I'aris of the laudiiijr of Napoleon at t'anues. Wu may easily iiuajjiue that urider such eircmnstanees, all fiirther pro- ceedings were sus|>ended. The {jreat arbiter soon ar- rived in his capital. CHAPTER XV. Napoleon, hailed every where by tlio people, and by the very trooiis despatched to oppose liini, liad recon- quered France in traversing it : on the ;20tli March, 1815, without striking a blow, he tool; jmsscssion of the Tuileries. ilorli ise iuuniiliately recjuested an inter- view ; moved by nOeetion for her adopted father, aiul anxiety to disjul the ])rejudices raised against her in his mind. The emperor at lirst refused to see her, but she [lersisted in her demand, feeling that every embarrass- ment would bo well compensated by nu interview with a beloved relative. Napoleon at length received her j but it was with that stern look, severe eye, and frowning brow — with that aspect of Jupiter 'I'onans — which in- spired more terror than even the reproaches pronounced by his lips. Strong in conscious innocence, the (]ueen listened without impatience, and vindicated herself with- out ditlicully. Mapoleon at leugtli became convinced that there was no treachery in submission to events which could neither be loreseen nor controlled — no de- fection in natural anxiety for the welfare of her children, and in a residences in France when assured of a harsh reception every where else. lie admitted that to return civility for kindness was not a fault — that there was no crime in sliowing gratitude to sovereigns who had given protection, when they might have exercised injustice and tyranny without a possibility of resistance or escape. In political revolutions, the obligations of a mother and a woman arc tar dill'erent from those of a man. The firmness of the tatter, supported by native energy of mind and body, is recompensed by glory ; while none but milder duties remain to tlie humblu and modest fe- male. Louis Napoleon abstained from a jwrsonal appearance OS the adversary of his consort; contenting himself with despatching an envoy from Romu witli full powers. His deep anxiety was declared for a complete reconcilia- tion with liis brother, whom he had iu'ver seen since the abdication of the crown of Holland ; but the condition was annexed that a divorce from his wife should be per- mitted. As divorces had been fiiruially abolished in 181 1, the tribunal having cognisance of the suit for the ]iossessiou of his eldest son, cuidd entertain no pro- ceedings of that nature : he believid this, how<'ver, an excellent opportunity for the romplete execution of his favourite project. The eui|" i or received the individual charged with this mission, in a manner worthy of hiin- Bclf. " Let Louis," said he, "come when he will: )ic shall hi; well received, for )io is my brother. As fijr his divorce, it is a mere whim, which I could not indulge even it' our family contract was not diametrically oppos- ed to it." Louis remained nt Rome. As soon lis Ilorlenso had regained tlio esteem and af- fections of her fillier, she renewed her ancient habits of bcnevolriiee under tlie Haiietion of imperial authority. The Dutchess of Orleans, a princess of the blood-royal, had broken a limb in attempting a precipitate llight from Paris on the arrival of the emperor. The solicitations of llortensc procured a permission for lier residence in the capital, with a pension nuitahlu to the high station dhe had lost ; and under the same auspices, a like favour was accorded to her daughter the Dutchess of Bourbon She interceded much longer, though with imiiqual huiv cess, for a less illustrious pcrson.age, the liaron de Vi- iroUes. His only crime was that of ardent devotion to iin unfortunate family; and the cni|KTor could now, bet- ter than any one else, apprcjeiate the merit of such an attachment ; but he knew also that the baron had other claims to iho gratitude of the Hourlionn, and ho whs deaf to all ino entreaties of Ilorteiidip. CIIAI'IKR XVI. 'J'hc news of the return of Napoleon startled the con- gress assembled at Vienna to partition his empire. A strong protest, issued against his fresh occupation nl the tliroue, was followed by the iiuniediatc march ol the armies of the allies. The troops of Prussia and the Knglish forces occupying llclgium, from thciV proximi- ty to France, naturally formed the vanguard of the coalition. Nnpoleon hastily assembled an army, which was less lurrnidable from its numbers than from the abi- lity and fame of Iho loader. IJy rapid marches, the junction of the Prussians and Knglish was anticipated, and victory smiled I'or an instant before departing for ever. The Dital rout of Waterloo then hurried along -Vapoleon and the wrecks of his gnaid, involving infan- try, cav.ilry, artillery, and baggage, in one mass of hopeless confusion. Many ollicers and soldiers perish- ed by their own hands, rather than survive so fearful a disaster, (ireat numbers of the vvouiidcd were preserv- ed from Prussian barbarity by the humanity and friendship of tlie Hclgians. Tho despair of the surviv- ors who Ibllowed the retreat of Na|ioleou towards I'aris, can only be compared to the glory they had won from tho commcuccment of tho battle until the close of the day. They resembled a funeral procession, as they stole silently from that bloody field which had twice resounded with their shout of victory. Kvery French soldier seemed a hero weeping over his country and her triumphs. The slafl' reached .lemappos, where a vain attempt was made to rally the moans of defence. The very carriage of Napoleon had been lost, and a small wagon bore the victim of Waterloo to Philippcvillo, where ho Ibund the equipago of Marshal Soult. He entered a calecho with General Itertrand, who was leslined never to leave him, until ho had closed his eyes at tho disianco of three thousand niilc3 from Franco. riio allies had gained a great battle; but this first tremendous disaster might yet have been lepaired, had Napoleon found followers at Paris sincerely disposed to second his exertions. Fouche, hovievcr, whom he had imprudently created a minister, busily excited the par- tisans of the Bourbons : while on the other hand the re. prcseiitative chamber, jealous of the emperor's authori- ty, thwarted all his measures, assumed tho supreme control, and engaged in interminable deb.atcs while the enemy were at the very gates of the capital. The re- publican opi>osition was strengthened by a great body of royalists, who wore not long in throwing off the mask. Napoleon was forced to a second abdication far more painful than tho lirst ; for it was now his own ubjocts who hurled him from the throne, and threat- ened his very existence. A rapid succession of political concussions had awakened all those evil passions, which in limes of anarchy always rage without restraint. Tho emperor, after laying down his authority, retired to Malmaison. Tho provisional government, to whom he was yet forniidabli', converted his asylum into a pri- son, and appointed a jailer in the person of General Beker, an ollicor who owed his rank to Napoleon, and discharged the painful duties imposed on him with all [wssible res|>ect for his former master. He was con- soled by the reflection, that in fullilling the instructions of tho provisional government, ho in reality protected tho emperor from attempts upon his life. There was now this singular diflerenco between Malmaison anil other prisons, that it was more difficult to enter than to leave it. The gates opened, however, to admit Ilortonso, or rather she arrived at the same time with the illustrious captive. If Napoleon had not already appreciated her unbounded kindness and allection, ho had hero abun- dant proU was accused of planning and directing all the Bonapani.-; contrivances, though tliey really originated in tlu' dc. partment of police, 'i'he administration — hypocrilicil in its justice and cowardly in its eruelty,^got up ijailr some new conspiracy, as a pretext for o|iprcssion, and ii order to involve the secret friends of the imperial s«av. "njuslice and suspicion are the proper attributes of wtik and short sighted rulers. Na|)oleon landed at CanncF Hortcnse could alone have planned his return : he li;u traversed France hurrying the whole nation in his train- Hortcnse must have poured out the treasures of cornij. tion : his concealed partisans yivrc now promoting ivm where rebellious disturbances — it was still the inystirinu'i power of Hortcnse that encouraged and directed sediiui The same absurdity marked Uie behaviour of the cw gross of Vienna towards Eugene, a prince eminently & tinguishcd lor his fronk and honourable conduct. Tr« return of Napoleon and his successes in France, iviti duo neither to the machinations of a prince \villi(,a power, nor to the weak intrigues of a woman : insleadc ascribing the origin of tliosi' great events to such n iiii!( iiid inadccpiate causes, we must look for it in the tjiaiu. ful conduct of the congress itself towards the peopk« every nation, and in the counter revolutionary spirit «' the Bourbons and their ministers. Hortcnse, now an object of suspicion, received ordin to quit Franco tt.thout delay, ajid she accordin^'h' m out, with her childit ii, from Malmaison, on tlie \'A of JiUy 1815. Her travelling companion was riiiict Schwartzcnbcrg, whose situation wan soon coiivcrtoi into that of a protector. When the party arri\cd >l Dijon, tliisy found the inunlcipal authorities re.'ulvid lo detain the princess as a jirisoncr. This act was ci rlaiiilt an apparent disolx-'diencc to their sujicriors at I'aiii, who had granted her a passport, but perhaps, they wfrej more conqilaisant in reahty than in seeming. In tlios days of dark maehinalious, the higher |K)wers freipieiil]; entrusted their subalterns with the execution of odi( nieasuref,\vliicli,officially at least, they all'cctedtodisau Fortunately for Horleiise, this part of Burgundy w occupied by Austrian troops. I'rinco Schwartzeiibiril im.nediately introduced himself to the city autliorilii and demanded whether he must ap|K'al to his si.ldit for leave to proceed without interruption. Sueli nrp incnts aro irresistible, and the travellers reached Giuct witliout further accident. The doiuiiiion of Franco was hero at on end, biitll troubles of Hortcnse Hcemed only lo reeomnience. Iij prisoniiient was no longer a subject of upprehensiuii, li i\w magistracy would suller neither a residence in 1 city, nor a prosecution of her journey. It was cli that they wished her to return homeward, where oni persecution was likely to he her lot. 'I'he (Jeiin quite as scrupulous as the French ministry, had no jectiim to see those vexations inflicted by others, wlui they were ton timid to take upon themselves. Were such si'iitiments worthy of proud republicaiiisiil The union of (ieiieva to France was their heavy bubji of complaint against the em|>eror; but they had reciin the rii'hest compensation. Their country had prospfi iH'yond example: the reputation of her lite rati was (ij tended by their admission into tho institute of I'aml the youth of tho canton had gained decorations glory on tho field of viet/iry : titles of nobility been gladly accepted by the dignitarie* of the rrpiilS'l and the di empire of the jietly sovereigiit .Ma lino. If we ri it was still on iniiucei sliuiild whose wlio lerlilising eiielianling trieateil iiei Tlie iinli rather in lu to emivrrse out a lei'liiij view ennvei |H'nileiit |iai Ulllllerisillg nllerw.irds c pretexts of II Ilortensc friendly rcee her departiir her long sta tlic hosjiital s i If in the cc f nothing but j I those who ha '' miss and una f the respi'ct di < Iratcs nobly i \ .She was invit j ers bad desigi '. iint it was i ' bo coiistar.tly ; ol'.Sivoy was , clicily gloom \ trmiieal end o: of that terribli tune, scarcely 'I'lie suit of L ciiild, wliich days," was allc in his favour. coin|ietent lega siiliiiiit to this I The soul of misfortune, but exhausted. W lime, and lichel a (Joep desjiondi existence becaii her whether he or to be allowec or forgotten. SI sovereigns, alio gave no orders were compelled hints of the Sai tlic ill will of 111 deuce. Then, ii (vlioni she hail e ened her from h^ She traversed turc assumes h views or smiling bat she gazed oi an artist, and h sketching. Her rnse to no cntliut nilicent cascadei Biane. Nothing Init the approach not long wanting Iliing again ol 'Geneva, she now ronntry people, tl •I'lves. She had seal, liirinerly her Yet the sanctity t nnd the house sur vinleni measures < ti>i', Imt the Conn fi'M ilisiMneerted "line into the mid srannil her: man '!^;' iiir.iioiits OP iionrExsK hewiiaknaih. 1()7 infaiiinus IIIjfIs in , Imil Im'Cii |iuMi>li. 1 Imvi' l.ccii knuMii 1 them unworllij rf > the iiiutln u( ilig what muy." \ at lengtli nrii\i[i. 1 set uul t'roiii y,i\. embark u|)oii lliat knew not wliitlier. possibly coiijciiurt iloiio wus sulliciii,: licting ; how iiiik,, )uld the queen Inn,' g into llic iiniiilsu ;cring inarlyrdoiim a little rouk lust i:; II. ■. The govrrnnui,!, spcratioii, aiiiiouimr. its gloomy ili>lrii.: rity of its moasurt:. ;le of suspiciun ; .-I* iig all the Boiiapatlis; jriginatud in tliv i. itration — liypoerilici! ruclty,— got up dail; for oppression, and in af tlic imperial sway. per attributes of wiik 11 landed at Caniics- d his return : he hio c nation in his Irain- a treneurcs of corro}- now jiromotinjr iviiv fas still the myslninai 1 and directed s( (liln. n. behaviour of the 1 prince cuiinenlly & Durable conduct. Tht i-SBCs in Trance, were of a prince willim if a woman : iii^lraili; events to such rniuS jk for it in the tliaim. towards the pcoiilioi revolutionary spirit a ,.ieion, received oriri ^d she accorriinjfly m ^Imaison, on the Kit. )mpanion was I'liiic was soon convtrtiii the party arrived il| lutlioriticH nsulvi'ii It fj'his act was cirlaiiil; ir superiors at I'lrL", )Ut perhaps, they wfti In seeming. In llio*< Hier (lowers iVeipicnlli Ic execution of odiiiu!! iieyatVectedtodisavoij [irt of Burgundy wii Irincc Schwartziubori [o the city autlimilii apiK'al to his soUit rruption, Sueli nrf. ellers reached ticiw liero at an end, b\it ii Tto rccontniencc. Ill Jd of upprehensioii, Iher tt rcsidenio in H liurney. It was clij limewai-d, where i.l«| lot. 'I'he (i<'iin« ministry, hadin'ij Jeted by uthern, wluif Ihcmselves. 1 proud repulilicaiiisiil lis their heavy kulijiif Tbut thcv had recoiH l:ountry'had prosp" lif her literati waf'il lio institute of VtfU lined decoratiuns i^ litles of noliilily Itaric* of the rriiuHl and llie (lepaitmcnt of the X,eman — a part of the mighty empire of I'ranee— <'n)oyeil far higher consideration tliaii the iwlly slate of Geneva — the most insignificant ol' Fovireignties, except its sister connnonwealth of .San JIarino. If we eoiieede the utmost extent of the alleged injury, it was slill wrong to avengu the faults of Napoleon U|)oii an iniioeeiit number of his family, and above all, tin y should never have seleeled as their victim, a femnle whose whole life was a continued stream of b(^nevolenee, I'lrlilisiiij; all that aiiproachcd her. It was the same ciielianliiifr excillence of character, that now again ex- triealeil her from the danger by which she was nieiiueed. The malice of the authorities of Geneva was exhibited rathiT in negotiations than in deeds. It was ini|)ossilili' (0 rwnvir.se with Ilorlense for any length of tiun-, with- out a til ling of devotion to her service ; and a short inter- view converted the most violent of the magistrates into penitent partisans. 'I'hey assumed the responsibility of autli"rising the continuance of lier journey to Savoy, and allcruards excused this act of simple justice by specious uretexl.s of negligence or ignorance. CHAPTER xviir. Ilorlense at length reached Aix in Savoy, where u friendly reception was extended to her — the first sinei^ her departure from I'aris. Tin- inhabitants remembered liir long stay among them — her liberal charities — and tlic iiosjiital she had founded and so munificently endowed. If in the course of her travels she had hitherto met nothing but persecution and enmity, here at least \^•ere those who had no other sentiments than peaceful kind- ness and unatfcctcd gratitude. In treating her with all the respect due to her rank and misfortunes, the magis- trates nobly expressed the feelings of the inhabitants. SIh! was invited to remain at Aix, until the allied pow- ers had designated her fnture residence. But it was decreed that bcncc^fortli lier repose should bo constar.tly disturbed. The calm anosed to flic ill will of their govornnient by her prolonged resi- dence. Then, indeed, the fear of injuring those from nlioni she had experienced nothing hut kindness, awak- ened her from her melancholy lethargy. She traversed Switzerland at the very season when na- faro aissuniea her most picturesque asjiect; sublime views or smiling landscajms were constantly presented ; hut she gazed on tliem as if her eyes were not those of nn artist, and her hands had forgotten their skill in Bkctching. Her imagination itself seemed torjiid, for it rn.«e to no enthusiasm before the green valley, the mag. nilioent cascades, or even the snowy domes of Mont Blanc. Nothing could rouse her from this fatal lethargy Hut the approach of danger, and such an excitement was not lung wanting. liiing again obliged to pass through the territory of Oencva, she now met with far less courtesy from the cnunlry people, than formerly from tho citizens them- wives. She had halted fm a short lime at a country- spat, firmerly her mother's, and of course now her own. Yet the sanctity of a ])rivate dwelling was disregarded, (inil the house surroundeil by a party of soldiers. These violent ineasures evidiiilly proceeded from no ptire mo- tive, hut the courage and presence of mind of the prin- cess diseimccrfed all the plots of her enemies. She went uloni' into the midst of the armed warriors who crowded arnimd her: many recognised her, for nearly nil had seen service in the imperial armies. " lieliold me," she exilaimed, " I am the daughter of Josephine — the child of Napoleon — of him who loved you so well and led you to glory. Is this the crime of wliich 1 am a(-cus( d .' I can never lielieve it. Keturn to your iinployers and thunk them in my name : tell them of my gratitude fiir the pleasures of being again guarded by the soldiers of my fiither and of France." Every gesture, every word produced a magical cfVect on the hearts of the Genevcsi' veterans. Respect, eoinpassiini, and admiration succeed- ed the low impulses of hate and revenge ; until at h'ligth, wholly overcome, they till on their knees and \vi pt at the feet of lier whom liaply they had come to ass.issi- inilc. In travelling through the rest of Switzerland, Hortense eneouiitrred other obstacles and accidents of a less dra- matic character ; but .she at length ri ached the territories of the (iranil Duke of IJaden, and once again the wan- derer breathed friely, as she recollected tlic near connec- tion between that sovreign and herself. f'HAPTl<;R XIX. A sentiment of politeness induced Ilo.'linsc to despatch a (■ourier to the Cirand IJuke, to request permis. ion to remain in liadeii : but she felt so well assunil of his friendship, Ihat a sinqile notice of the selection of his duleliy lor her future abode seemed sullieiont. What was her surprise when a chamberlain arrived with a most courteous apo- logy from his master, who found himself, unfbrtnnalely, unable to allow the intended residence in Ins dominions. At this period the |ielty princes ol (Germany were as much exasperated against Niqioleon as tho Swiss can- ton.s, and in the same spirit they sought to gratify their vengeance by the per.secution of his family. Some al.so, like the French municipality of Dijon, endeavoured to will favour with llii^ir superiors by a gratuitous aeeiimu- lation of vexations ; but it was still a most extraordinary exliihition of complaisance, to volunteer this inquisito- rial rigour agairst a near eonneelion. It is but just to to remark that there were noble exceptions even amoii;; the minor sovereigns: for honourable and gallant men however confined may lie their rule, can never degrade themselves into police emissaries or subaltern tyrants. The health of Hortense — long weak and precarious — had .suffered severely during this sad pilgrimage. In these nionntainous regions, winter had already com- uienccd his reign, and the inclemency of the eleniints was thus aer two hours of similar conversation, it was inqiossilile to decide which was the most admirable — her heart, her good sense, or her imagination. " We returned to the drawing-room at eight, where tea was served. The dntehess observed Ihat this was a habit learned in Holland : 'though you are not lo sup. pose,' she added with a slight blush," ' that it is preservi d as a remembrance of days so brilliant, but now already so distant. Tea is the drink of cold climates, and I hafo scarcely changed my temperature.' " Numerous visitors came from the neighbourhood, and some even from .Mmiich. She may indeed leirarii Ibis anxious allention with a feeling of proud gratifica- tion : il is based upon esteem alone, and as a tribute, is t'lr more honourable than the tiresome adulations of sycophants while at St. Cloud or the Hague. In the course of the evening we looked through a suite of rooms, containing, besides it few masterpieces of the different schools, a large collection of precious curiosities. Many of these elegant trifles had once belonged to her mother, and nearly every one was associated with the remem- brance of some distinguished piTsonage or celebrated event. Indeed her museum might almost be calKd .an abridgment of contemporary history. Music was the next amusement, and the dntehess sang, accompanying herself with the same correct taste which inspires her compositions. She had just finished the series of draw- ings intended to illustrate her collection of romnnriK : how could I avoid praising that hap)iy talent which thus personifies thought f Tho next day I received that boau- liful eolleel ion as a remembrance. Time will render it more precious, though I have ventured lo render it less rare. " I look my loavo at midnight, perhaps without even the hope of another meeting. I left her as tho travel- ler parts from tho flowers of the desert, to which ho can never Iiopo to return, But wherever time, acci- dent, or destiny may place mo, tho remembrance of that day will remain indelibly imprinted, alike on my memory and my heart. It is pleasing to pay homage to tho tiillon greatness of one like Hortense, who joins the rare gift of talents to tho charms of tho tenderest sensibility." It will bo remarked in this extract, that Hortenso has found again many of the elements of happinea.i. Though not reunited to her husband, his feelings to- wards her have been greatly softened. He has eonfJrred tho greatest and most affecting favour that a inothnr can receive, by returning their cldost son. Thus tho current of her life glides tranquilly alone, in the midst of all that can consolo an exile. Her children are about her, and she is surrounded by friends to whom she is almost an object of adoration ; these, as she is wont lo say, are far greater blessings than the suliniia- sion of subjects, and tho pride of royalty. CHAPTER XX. Tho clearing of tlio political horizon now enabled Hortense to visit Rome and the family of Napoleon. Augsburg is no longer her place of rosidoiice ; she has ■ . '{I '■;,♦' ■.■*■, if W.{ ■;(.' :T«a ■■!■:! 'A ,;^ KiO niRiUOIRS OF IIOUTENSE DEAITIIARNAIS. '<' ZV*'- -j:; If ^>>*.'J- .* selciited in prcTereiico a uoiiiilry scat railed Iilndiiii, on tlio banka <>l° the lake of CViniilunce, which i» equivalent to nayini; tliiit il8 cnvirnnx arc romantic, nnd its prnti. |>eels ninj.f.iilicont. It u hero that bIic |>usses tlio sum- mer nioiiUn. I'ni^onc and his consort paid hor fiequont vinilx, and iiprin una patlict. tar occuiiion, their stay wasi unusually ;-:ilr>nijiii. Th* emperor of Austria, who had contract- ^'11 lliirJ nmrriiijrc with a Bavarian princess, dauLfhter t>i' Maximilian JoKCpli, came with the empress to vi'nuisa the precedence due to tier exalted rank ; and i^he who was once the empress of the Freneh and queen of Italy, now ranked ut the Austrian couit after the last "(the anhtlutchesses. The viiequecn was no siioncr in- formed of the scruples of b'rancis, than she availed her- self of a very simple ex|)odient to extricate him from emharrnssnient, and herself from unmerited insult. She left .Munich with her husband, and resided with Ilortense until the departure of the cniperor. The constant atlaehmcnt of this estimable princess 10 her husband, was proved by the violence of her grief, when ho was shortly afterwards carried off suddenly by 11 stroke of aj)0|>le,\y. The loss of a brother, so aifec- tlonato and so fondly loved, sienied to revive in the sensitive mind of Kortciise all her old misfortunes, AUj'rsburir ond Munich, where she hud been accustomed to see him constantly, becar.in insupportable, and she ri^solved to piss her winters el.sewhcre. She now visits alternately Konio and Florence, always returning; in summer to the banks of her favourite lake. It was at Itomc, and at her country scat of Arrenenberg, that she became acquainted with an Knjrlish lady of dislinijuish- cd talents, who, at our request, has ^riven us the tiillow- ing skolcli of the impressions received fioiii her visits. " The Dut,clics8 of St. Leu formed her principal csta- blishmcjit on the banks of the lake of C'onstance« where gIic was less exposed to the hateful system of espionage, and further removed from the bustle of the (treat world in which she had once reigned a queen. In this de- lightful retreat, she was accustomed to spend eight months of the year, passing the remainder of her time at Aug'ircs8 is rich, tho'igh she has parted with inostof her jowils and prccioii'i stones. Among tho remaining ornaments, j have 'icid in my hands tho enormous chain-work, whii'li bound the haughty standards of the Venetian rcpub ic, when they were sent by Napoleon to Paris, as a prct y present lor the youthful Hortcnsc." CHAPTER XXI. [The following little sketch, by a writer of eminence, presents a memorial so exact, and at the same time so graceful and touching, of the demeanour and habits maintained in privacy by the distinguished lady it seeks to portray, that its introduction here (from tho New Monthly Magazine) will doubtless be welcomed by the reader. It will bo found most pleasingly confirmatory of the impression which tlie preceding memoir is calculated to convey.] In the early part of lost summer, I chanced to find at Paris the advci tiscmcnt of a Swiss retreat, which, for vagrants like myself in search of a few months' repose, struck me as being all in all. There was something pic- turesque even in tlie name of it, the Chateau de Wolfs- berg ; and then it was situated by the comparatively un- travelled lake of Constance, and was tlie property of an old soldier, who had been chosen from his bravery to command the body guard of Napoleon, and was married to a ci-devant dame d'konneur of the expatriated Ilortense. It was just the place, I fancied, to roll upon the grass and hear strange stories till the warm weather was over ; in a few days, therefore, I had glided through the grceii vineyards of France, toiled through the beautiful gloom of the Black Forest, and was standing upon the moun- tain top which looked down upon my journey's end. Tiic pros|)ect had none of the abrupt outline and sur- prising ett'ect which is the general character of Switzer- land.. It looked like the native land of repose, and its blue midulaf'ons, intersected by the distant lake, and nelting into the sun-lighted snowpcaks of tho Tyrol, seemed to melt into the heart likewise with a home-giv- ing welcome. Tlie pros|x;ct inspired no expectation which was not uinply fulfilled. The chateau was ni>t unlike one of our elegant cou;itry houses in England, and looked down upon a slope of' a quarter of a mile, which varied from wood to vineyard till it stole into the calm wutcrs, and lell the eye to wander with white sails and hunt out little steeples on the opposite coast of (Jcr- iiiaiiy. To tho right and the lell, it was but a moment's walk to be lost among !iut-grown dells and mazy rivu- lets ; and if you maile an adventurous ride of a lew hours, you might hear the Tyrolean song of liberty chanted above the clouds, I'he lady of the house had lived all her life in courts, and her husband had never before been out of a camp; so that neither the one nor the other had been exposed to the contaminating plague of ordinary English and French society : they could think other nations nearly as good as their own, could form an opinion without adopting a prejudice, and know how to be polito and at- tentive witliout heing unnatural and otUcious, Ramble where 1 may, I shall never find more interesting ainuw;. ment than 1 did in tho conversation of this will-sortid pair. The vicissitudes of their lives, keeping pace wilh those of their patrim^ had brought them, it seoinrd, Into contact with all the interesting |)cople in the world, and I contrived to pick ii]) in my idleness a fund of biograpM. cal knowledge, which it is odds if I could have collcclpd from books by hard study. The cause for such unlikclv persons for a life of seclusion being in this retired nitua. tion was praiseworthy fidelity to Ilortense, the Dutelus, of St. Leu, who had a house not far distant, and Ijuir reason for establishing a home for stray travellers wm that of having overlooked, in their zeal, the inconvenience of one some twenty times too big lor themselves. There were, in addition to this society, two cr tliroe young French women, who had been brought up in tin. same school with madame, and were making a teiii|jo. rary residence at the chateau from the suinc motivr. | shall never forget the romantic pleasure which I used >o derive from scronibling about the woods with this llfhi. hearted company, — the mirthful screams with wliidi they surmounted their petty perils, and the horror with which one slipped into the rivulet, or another was cauglii in a bramble. Then we had a stud of docile ponies, lie. longing to the establishment, which we used to canterio a stand-still, and then we used to finish the day by glij. ing over the placid lake, and singing and sentimentalising by the light of the stars. In these little voyages we used frequently to pass lie. ncath the calm and unpretending abode of the ex-qiirfn of Holland. It was situated half way up a green hill, well wooded with ornamental timber, through which it afforded a partial peep, just sufficient to remind iny com. panions of their favourite theme of conversation. Tin- affectionate veneration with which they described their former patroness as living a lite of content and simple enjoyment, under banishment from her native country, and the calumny of a world with which she had rea.son to be tired, inspired me with a wish to be presented to her. It was, however, rather dilficult of accomplishincnl. There was no pride in her, it was said, beyond the dw. nity of a sujierior mind, but this had obtained such an inlluencc over those about her, that she was no less a queen in her retirement than w hen she had really pos. sessed the power. All, therefore, that my friends coidd promise me was, to let it drop that there was a stranycr ill tho neighbourhood, leaving it to Hortcnse's knowledge of the interest attached to her to suggest tho meaning of such information. Meantime, I was taught every day something more interesting respecting her. The fortune which she had iKcn enabled to save from the wreck of her family, was devoted mainly to the service of those of its follower.) who had been less successful ; her house was the rendez- vous of talent, whatever might he its description; and her powers of rivalling it were not inferior to her taste and generosity in its patrontige. She had staying with her at the time, besides her two dames de coiiipagiiie,-wil\i her younger son and his tutor, the poet Casimir Dclavignc, his brother, who is also i distinguished dramatist, and other friends, whose taste lay in the same way. Amongst their amusemciiLs, there fore, it was determined to get up a theatre, with a vuiicly of little Vaudeville pieces, that all in turns iniglit have characters to their liking. One of my rambling com- panions, a blaek-cycd piece of witchcraft, whom Natare had made for nothing but sportive idleness, was to play a part, and consequently the aflaira of the green-room possessed a double interest for me. I used to walk nilli her through the vineyards to her rehearsals, and a|>. proach as near the house as I could, in the hope of liciiig asked in. I could never contrive to be seen, however, and was obliged to lie down under a tree, or catch tisli in the lake, till my little friend was re.idy to return. M last, in spite of having been described tis ties' Jislin^ue, ill my own country, fiir so-nething or other which could not exactly he reinemhercd, I liegan to give up all hope of an introduction, when, one fine evening, as we were all distributed about the lawn in little groups, (lor our party had been increased by several errant English,) there was an alarm that Ilortense was coming to visit madame. As I saw her winding slowly up tho hill, willi all her company in three little summer-carriages, the elegance of the cavalcade, in scones where elegance wai so rare, was exceedingly striking ; ond 1 could not help thinking that she meditated a call of ceremony upon the stranger part of our community, I was well pleased to find my surmise correct. The appear.-inee of Ilortense was siieli as could not fail of exciting admiration and kind feeling. Her countr. nance was fii hion of "a per mt beyond tl in.ijestic. SIj I the piir|)osed i{ land, as, havii ■f a li'W days .f she then spok ns according I had ill agitatii I l»Mr with su( i| lending. All ' elejaiice, whii hi r lunishiiien ll man who ba . iniseil tliat she i;re.it rival, he 'I seductions of si S i.li.>icd his wholi ' At last the pot licyond tin i.iuriti! bijou, U| that terraces an tics could do, ' ■^ views which wc •m woods, and in » over them, were § them doubly bci * snnll vine-clad ijleains tremblln Iher you had a i from its brief re tails of SchafThi MjHjn the tender ivarnily in the w "i vajwury steeples ;, tlic waters, whic I aw.iy you disting I ing constellations I land and lake ant jrity. W lien I cnterci I Bmall rooms filled i giifrcd in her theal I iiieuls were ornam I was shown an ex Strait of Josephine. I full of niclanclioly I ponding attitude u H shrubbery. I shot f^< from the sadness I must have been ps Iliad ceded her hou< lot policy, and had ■the true value of 1 jresi{;iKaioii was s Itouching, with sue |iiielo-(lraiiiatic styh lofit was quite a Ics |] found more pictui |ttr of which was oi I afterwards found Ifor, llioiigh I never she was able to rea |ii the midst of a t kverc open to the pi ■gain — a piece of hi Bance tlirougli the <1 ■n increased intercs luhment to licr ui fc;iportuiiity of ascei llance in each by Vm much alike, ai Ven an admirable e 111, indeed, as her h liinple dignity, more Ir their class in nioc khen .Xajwlcon placi |rescnce of countless iiT slaves— the huini fnult before him to leart which he confe led her as an emp: loldtlic pair in thei Joiifuscdly seeking to |ii?hl wound the Ilea r the intelligence tl Iniiierited mortificatii T lie attributed to ar fi'itment of her moti |iliilcd not a vestige •resting aiiiuK. Ihis wtll-Kortcd '|)inp pncc wiih it spriiicd, into llir world, and 1(1 of bio^raphi. il have collided >T sucli unlikely lis retired nitiia. se, tlic Diitclii ss st:int, and tluir y travellers was e inconvenience •mselvoH. .'(y, two (.r thrre fought up in tlic linking a t(.ni|ic. same motivp. I whieli I used r. Siiri'ly, I ihoiiglil, there must 1«' sniiictliiiig exlraordiiiary in this woiiinii, wli'i can retaliate the crosses ot' forlniie, and make liirsiH happy ill spite of them. Was it incapability of feeling ' Her attaehiiieiit to tlinse who had siitlered ill eomiiioii with her, was a proof that she pns.-essed feeling in no ordinary degree. Was il a dignity of eiidiiranee whieli the mass of human kind were not nbletniindeistand, beenuse it wns so far above them ? It" so, how pitiful v.:>h the triumph of those, who ontriiged the memory she had left behind her, like the iiiiinth^ on the horns of the beast, to be buH'cted bj' blind and impotent malice I I was drawn from my reverie by perceiving that the company in the other rooms was muking a iiiovemi nl towards the theatre, which was tijrmcd in a buililiiig at a short distance tiom the house. Itiiid infinite credit to amateur artists, and was filled aeeordiiig to its deserts, tor to use the orthodox phrase, there was not even standing room. There must have Ikcu a gathering ol the clans for weeks around, to proilnee so many pair of baronial whiskers; for the town of Constance, like all towns which have fallen under the Austrian dciiiiininn, was ruined and depopulated, as if the plague had been in it, and had scarcely a grandee to boast of. The first piece represented was a scrap of sentimenta- lity called " L'Espreuvo d'Amour ;" in which the hero reeomniends to his mistress a variety of lovers by way of trying her attaehmentto him, and eventually, being satisfied by the ordeal, proiiosed himself. The heroine was played by the dutehess, and in a manner which made iiic speedily forget that it was the dutehess, and not the actress, that I came to see. She had, indeed, a iiu tural cast of melancholy, and a natural grace which ren dercd her little task no dilficulty. Even when she was not speaking, one would have said that the stage had been her exclusive study ; and the silent tremour with which she returned her hard-hearted lover's picture, is associated with some of my choicest theatrical recollec- tions. I regret that I have not the means of giving a few extracts from this dramatiele, for, whether I'rom the habit which we have of thinking things good which have only been wejl said, or whether it really pospessed intrinsic merit, I am inclined to think that ii had some- thing in it which would improve the breed of English farces amazingly. It certainly is a matter of congratu- lation that wo have emerged from the whining days ot C'umbcrlaiid and his imitators : but still there is afield of simple and interesting nature, which might spring lip most becomingly between the territories of broad grins and bloody daggers. It would give a character of literature to what is now considered an achievement only fit for those who can do nothing else, and might, [ler. haps, be a stepping-stone towards comedy liersei'', in all the pride of her five acts. The next representation was of a brilliant bagatelle entitled " Le roitfeur." Before the curtain wns drawn up I could not help feeling nervous for my little friend, who was to exhibit the lesult of three weeks' |)alpitatiiig anxiety, and some thirty miles travelling to rehearsals, in the principal iemnle character. Siie was equally afraid at first, and looked as if she had not quite made uj) her mind whether she was not ashamed to act her part, or to run away. She, however, soon became aware that she was thought bewitching, and played with a spirit which not only won the heart of the young bar- bar, but sundry oti.'ers with which she had no business. For my own part, having had a bitter quarrel with her, in consequence of her insisting that Sir Hudsoii Lowe had poisoned Bonaparte, I found it absolutely necessary to humble myself and lieg pardon. After the pfty, wo returned to the house, and found preparations made for dancing, which began with a wali-ji. I wns told that somo of tho Germans performed their evolutions lo perfection, but I cannot say that I admired this accomplishment so much in it." native land, even as I did in England, It socmcd that, to ex- eel, it WHS iieeessHry, in lieu of the Hwininiiiig, and now and (hen not iiiii.nae(^liil liintioii of my rstei'iiied coun- liywoiiicri, to s|iiii rounil lilie a lei'-loliiiii, with a w lig- !;lii!g suit of a hop, as if one leg were slmiter tli.in the other. 1 inaiii- il linv iiiisucces>fnl attcmiils lo distill- :;lli^i|| iiiy^eir, but was at last obliged to give in, i'oi fear lliat I slioiilil tear my partner t" riif;s in the vain en- ilcavmir to keep step. By degrees, the lolks grew H;i(lily, mill iiiaiic way iiir a qiiadiille, of wliicli my pre- viciiis fiiliire reiideivil me rather shy. 'llie oliiir.i cum iJinnitiite wiiieh I luul promised iityself, was iiol, hovv- mer, to be enjcyii!, Ilir I was pnsciitly biniight out of my iiirinr by a li;[;lily ilattering luit sonieuliat uppall- iiig ii:vil:,tioii til slaiiil ii|i witli the duleliiss. I was in lliel the only Kii^lislnnaii of our paity who had vcntiir- I'd to eiiiiteiiil lor liinii.iir upon the fanliislie toe, and was invited. I imagine, partly in s|m..\, anil partly I'rom eonipbiisaiiee to my iiatjnn. As liiek v.'oiihi have it, I rejireseiited iiiy tribe witliniit e.ui>iiig any |ide a heautiliil young dcdiie dc cum- piiiriiic of the ihUehess, who gave me the history of all the treasures I found therein. Whatever T found most remarkable was slill the work of Hortense. Of a series of small portraits, sketched by her in eolciirs, the like- ness of those of which I had seen the snhjcels, would have struck me, though turned upside down. She had the same power nnd tlie same nfleetimiale feeling lor fix- ing the remenibrance of places likewise. 'I'he landscapes whieli she had loved in forbidden Fiance, even the apart- ments which she had inhabited, were executed in a man- ner th:.t put to shame the best ainuteiir per!'orii!aiices I had ever seen. There was a iiiimile attention lo fidelity in tlieni too, which a reeollei lion of hi r pnsent i ireuin- stances eould not tiiil lo bring liiiine to the spi c tator'.^i heart. 'J'liere were, besides the labours of the d^itchess numerous adiiiirable sketches by some of the hesi artists in France. 1 recollect one in particular of a si me in which (ir taste tiir the picluresque and the melandioly must '• • been completely gratilied. She was -ilting amr -. i ic ruins of Rome hy iiuionlight, a [laviv of I'rien.i! .. lining gracefully ar("iniid her, and th.' poet Delavigne in front reciting a tragedy. In most ,■ . oplo this situation would have been smiled at as son/, nliat roniantie, but in Hortense it was perfectly in ke. ping. UiMii and tragedy had been too busy with her to hi her seem out of place amongst them. I know not when my interest would liavo coe! 'il in this mansion of taste nnd talent. Towards morning I was obliged to take my leave, and I doubt if there was an individual who returned home by that bright moon- light without feeling that Hortense had heen horn some ecntury and a half too late. For nii age of bigots and turncoats she indeed eceincd unsuitcd; in that of true ^V' I'f ^'•; ■'• ..!• 1- .,-1 ' ,r ,'f- ' " ■';■:• , m ^!. ■ r::.l . '.!, r*: iMt, 170 MK.noiRS C)I' IIOETIWSK ukaiiiiarnais. '•K •it» ll^'-'^ r J '''■•". IX' IMJT u * a. If » J \ik- poetry iiiul Inisty c,iv:ilii'i>, hIh^ would \\:\\c. Iji'iii :1k' siilijivt of till! Iii'st rliyiiios iiiul rciiconlii's in roiiiaiilio Friiiici'. AlliT lliis I saw lii-r iVdiiu'iitly, liulli iit Ikt own hoiisr ;unl at ^\'(j|l'>liir;,r, mul 1 iicm';- loiiiid any lliinj; Ici destiny till' iMi()rrsni|iany sonic person who liud made a noise in the world, and liad lieeonie an oh- jeet of c'nriosity — one while a distiniini-ihed painter or poet, and one while ii hatlered soldier, who j)rel'erri d restini,' in retirement, to the iinpntalion ol" ehan;jin^' his polities li)r ad\ aiH'ement; then a ;irand chik<' or dntehess, \vhi> had nnderi^one, perhaps, as nianv vieissitndi^-^ as liersell'; and tinally, the widow ol' the nnl'ortnnale !\Iar- shal Ney. 'I'liiTe was sonulhin^r in the hist of these rharaeters, partiinlarly wla n associated with llortense, niori' intcri'stinj; than all tlie otiii'rs. She was a hand- some, hut i^ravc and silent woman, and stilt clad in moiirninij liir her hnshand, whose di'atli, so I'omncled with the hanlshmiiit ol' the dntehess, eonlr, on /i/c (/«v\ llie yonni; peasani jrirls, all !.'hlterinj' in tln'ir (golden tinsel honnels, wonhl push olf with their sweethearts, lilic mad thini;s, in whati'ver hoats tin y eonhl llnd npon the iicai'h. I liave seen them paihlliny their little fleet ronnd the dntehess's hont with all the enriositv ot' savaj^es ronnd a man of war, and tillini; up the interval of soller nnisic with a yell, which, provided yoii lieanl il a mile off, was liarmonions in the cxtrcmcl For the crenllemcn there was likcwisp the Wii/".'"', at which they hilliil their time pleasantly (nionj;!!, if tliey killed nolliin;r else; for to eonli'ss the truth, I am (rrievoiisly iif llio opinimi that tliii French arc hnl cockney sportsmen, and the (lermans no lietter. I witnessed a /•Int.isi in the iieiijhlioilihiioil, whieli had well iiii;li put an end to my {|aiii:inj; (ten iritl fii(>iii;!i In jiliiisr nii/nrlj'. ( >nr party, as was usual there, eon- sisted (d' sonii' where lulween twenty and thirty shoot- ers, who, with thoii prodi^'ioiis jraino-lia^'s Ntrapped liehiiid anil helliri", looked exactly like old elothes-incii. There was likewisn a rej;iineiit of little hideous 'loys, dressed ill cocked hats, and looking; as [rrotcsipie as the devil ill D.'r Freisehntz. 'I'liis corps of llihlicrti^'ihhets wa< iiiarshai.ed into tlie lailher end of a wooil, io howl (lerinan and tiiikh' hells ihroii^'li it, 'ill thei;ainewa- fri;,'lilencd into tits, in tlir iiiean time, the |runiicrs had slallciied tlicniselves at intervals aloiif; the other three sidi's, each coi'iniaiidin,'; a little narrow palliway, so that when an uiiliirtunate roelnn k eanu' skeltering.' down, he nn;;lit lire in his ficc, and send him hack to lin terrified liv somehody (dse, 'I'liere happened to lie plenty ol' i,Mnie, NO tintt when the hov\liii:; heiran, the t;iiiis went as merrily, a" eiai'keis on the ,1lh of N'oveiii. her. In the midst ollh" hustle a poor hare was mukiiiy llie hcst of Ik r way close liy nie, and, my next m iniilioiii prviviihiitf iiyamst the possihihly of hciii); too late liy liaiit'iii;; oil' liolli harrils liefore he mw her, I had the Biitisfactioii ol' perei'iviin; that she jrot clear olV. Alt telliiw-sporlsnian, however, wlio was an olil soldier, mill thoiiirhl no nn.re ol a linvlinir-piecc than he did ol II p'lji-unii, waH di lerniineil to lose no cridit tiir his dexteiity. " Wiili'i, .Uiiiiiii IK," he kIiiiiiIi'iI, " ivii/.f Mil ;ii/i r.o/;; .' J'lii tin mlir run iiiiiihin fdiiii riiiii Iniirliir," ^VIlcn the «ii/(e was over, we made mmhIi llir the killed and wounded, the sum total of whieli wis one ol'iuir fliiinsnii.t, who was indeed pitco'isly pi'ppered. At li'ii(;tli the lime iirrived li>r me to led jiilieii In Svvll/erlaiid. Il was ariiiii!.'eil that I should i ' int tin l.'jiy vMlli a Huiull parly ol' my Woll'sheri; I'rie 's; unil, uii I Vinmi,' or two liefore we dep.irtcd, we jia.i! ii leave, luki: 1, visit Id the iluteheHS, S\u: expic.ised liiileli |Milil .euiet III our inttnition, iiml ^'ave ii4 a inrdial in- Mliitioii to iim vv onr iieipiaintain u with her in the uiiit"! ut Itoi 'I . llir caie iiideiMl to ieuV' a (rood inipr'ssloii 111' her I'liendly diNpositioii ii|iiiii onr iiiiiiili' wnK oirceiiiniily malifyintf. f^lie proleiiKril to lakii iin liltcrvsl III lliu plaiiH wliieli vaelj of u« had furiiKil, mid, when lior experience i|iialitied her, jjave iisi iiistriictioiis liir onr travels, llcr descriptions ofthe jilacos, and cir- cumstances of her own, weie fjiveii in a manner which convinced mo that 1 had only seen the surface of a mind, whieli, with more iiilimale kiiouled^'e, «rew more and more rich. She sjioko of the beauties ol' i:a- lure with a ijiiicl cijllinsiasm. v\ hii h was pure poelry, and touched upon chaiaLlei and literature willi all tlie power, hilt without the venoiii, of the aecoin|ilislied eri- lie. Jf llortense should evi'r occupy her leisure hours hy writiiiM- lirr memoirs, they would tijrin one of tlie most interi sliiifT works of llie ajie. \\ hell wo rose to depart, the iiiylil hciiij,' fine, she vo- Innleered lo walk part of tho way lioini! with ns. Siie came ahonl a ipiailer ol' a mile, to where she could e iiand an uiiiiilerriipted view ol' the lake, above whieii the i.i.ioii was jiisl llieii iisin;i —a I'litjc led oi b, which shot a bnriiiiif; cdhiinn to her liet. '• I will now bid you allien," she said ; and we left her lo the calm conlemplalion of frraiiileiir which lould not fade, and enjoyments which could not lii'lray. 'I'liis was the last I saw, and perhaps shall ever see, of the aeeomplished llortense; but I shall always re- member my liriel' acipiaintaiico with lici as ii dip into days vvhicli (f.ive lier loiinlry the tliaracter of heiiif;- the most polished of tiiitions. Slttcn nuDi KUuBtratfons. NtvrFSON Cir.M'TKU I. Some interesting; details of the iniprisonniciit of the \ icoiiite de lleaiiharnai.s, and of the heliiiviour of his children, will he foinid ill the liillowinj; letters, extracted I'roiii the " Mcmiiirs ofthe Fmpress .Inscphine," the llrsi of the French series, entitled " Miniiiiits I'viitiiiiiJii- Mintiiiiii' lie Ihiiuhiirniiistn her aiiril, MadiWic Fining dc litiiiilirirtiiiin. " Voii would h.irdly believe, dear aniit, that my eliildreii have just niidcr!|onc a loiiir ^iid ininnte cxainin itioii I That wicked old man, tli- inemher of the eoiiiiuittic, whom I have already mentioned to you, called upon iiic, and atl'cclin;; to feel uneasy ill re;rard to my Imshand, and to converse w ith iiic respectinjx him, he opened a con- versation willi my chihlrcn. 1 ackno'.vlcd;:e that I first Ii II into tin snare ; what surprised me, li.iwi ver, was the sudden atl'.ihitilv ol' the man; he soon hctrayid himsrll, however, hy tlie iiiali;:iiity and even hillcrness which he disjil.iycd, when the children replied in such a manlier as to L:ivc liiiii no advaiit itie over tin ir iiidiuppy |>areiits. 1 soon penetrated his artliil intentions. " When he liiiird me on my ;;uaril, lie threw otV ihc mask, and adiiiitliiiL; that he was dcsircil to procure iii- liirmation I'roni my childicn, which. In said, iiiifrht be lie more n lied on, as il would bear the sfaiiip of candour, he entiled upon a .iriiial cxaminalion. .\t that nioniiid I Ii It an indcscriliable cnioli.in, and the conllii lin^r cD'ei Is of fear, aiiL'cr and iiidi;;iiatioii, allcrnali ly at work within inc. 1 was •veil on the point of openly liiviny vent to iiiv Ii I liii;,'s against the hoary revolutionist, wlicii I rcllcctcd that 1 luiirhthhy .so iloiiii;, iniitcrially iiijiiri .M. ilc Heaii- harnais, auMiiist wlioni that atrocioiiM villain appears to have vowed pi r|Ktiial einuity ; I accordiiii;ly chccki il my anirry passions, lie desired me to leave him alone witli my (liildren; I iitlcinptcil to nsisl; hut his leroeioiis trlanie coiiipi Ih d me to (,'ive way. "Ilc conliiied llortense in ii i Inset, and iHjraii to put ipictioiis to her brother. .My daiiu'hter's turn cnne mxt; as li.r this child, in whom he discovcreil a pieniatnre ipii IviiisM iiiiil a piiiilratinn fir iihovc her ii|;e, he kipl ipicstioiiin;j her I'lr a cleat li ii^'tli of time. ,\tlcr havilii; soiimlcd them iespeclm;;our i oiiiniiiii lopicH iil'eonverHii- tion, onr opinions, the \ isits and letters we wire in the haliil ol' 111 civiiii;, but more partienlarly the occnrrcincs they iinulil liave wil.icsscd, lie came to the iili.in (iiiint, I iiieiin till cxprcHsions Used by Ali vaiidcr. .My children jrave very jiropcr replies, mic li In tint iim were sniti il to their n coiiceili d his low cimiiiii;;, mill I'Veli delealiil the olipi t he liad in view. "What list 14 it iiitendi d to make iiflj^' rcplicH of two cliildn o, whose liiijjniiue was that of ti.ith' they can only reilomid to the tnninpli of iniiiKii ce iiiiil the iIih- Ijraie of my liilsli.iiurs ,ii ciiscrs. \\ ill t.iey lin- ■• the inn rat{i< to lirinit th.it examinalloii tiirwiird, if i dionld lie productive ot'lliia tloiililc i liirk upon ijicir |iroeiidiiii;s <"' To llie aiime. " ,'My ti'eliiiirs were yesterday n prey lo alternate srns- tioiis of pain and pleasure. My hiishand had exprosst'd a desire to see his chililreii ; and thanks to onr fin:injij.| aiiy^cl his wish was complied with : but in order tn 5|,j, their youtlifnl feelinirs, 1 determined to send llain ... once, and Nevil undertook to usher them in. For son,. days past they had been told that their t'atlier liavin,, lalleii ill, had placed hiiiiseir under the care of n ceKbv I'd physician, who lindiiii; the air iiinre pure in ili,..,,. lace ol'the l.nxcmhonrfr, and plenty of vacant space, li,,,! liken lip his abode in that ediliee. The first ii'.lervj,» went oil' very well, if we except the remark iiiailii. llortense, that her papa's apartments were vcrv m i and that the oatlents were very nnmeroiis. \\\; ,, .. came to my .urn, the children had already Idi i!|,| ll.lher, a worthy door-keeper having, at .Nevil's iii>ii-. iialion, rcinoved them out of si^rht, and left tliciii u,.' some nciixbhoins whose notice they liadattracti il In ili, , youth, their position, and their iimoeent mania r«. | dreaded their bciiis.' witin'Mscs to our tender niiii|:, which took jilaec diirinjr their alisciiee. Alexamli r, u, bears his imprisoniiiciit with (rreat forlitnde, vvi. at tirst, proof aL',aiiist my tears; a larined however ^ i,, exicssive emotion, I used my endeavours lo calm il,;,i- bc^'-an ill my turn to con.sole him. Our cbildn n an ,f made tin ir appearance, and this [iroved ii t'resh cri.i, which was the more painful, as wc had to disL'iii-ic I'rm their kiiowlcdfre the cause of onr c-notion. " Hortcnsc, who is all eandonr, was liir a loii"^ lian' |i„ dupe of it ; and in the warmth of her alVcetien kIic wim: j to persuade ns that wr were wroiijr to j^ive way tii ..■. row, and that her papa's illness Wiis not a ihii(;criaiv (,[,, llortense li.iil put on that little | visli and nc;,Mlivi u j, iicr which, as you know, so well hecomes her: * Itru :; believe that pap.' is ilP' said she lo her brother, 'at'in, rate, his coiii[ila!iit is not sncli as doctors can cure.' \\\' do ycai iiieaii, my child, said I, intcrrnptin};- her; ili; i .. think that your Ddlicr aril I have connived In ddo you :' ' P.irdoii nie, mamma, but I do think so.' '{Vy sister, what von are saylnjj is ver^ odd,' observul Iji. );ciic with wnrinlh. ' It is on the contrary ipiii |i|ij: and natural.' What do yon iiieaii, madenieiselli ' l.ijm said, assiiMiin;r a severe look. ', "surely ,' ciintiiiui'il iIk arch little i;irl, ' alp el innate parents may he all0vv.1l 1, deceive their children, when they wish lo spare lliiii fceliin;s " So sayinjf, she nulled into my anus, sm threw llcr own ronnd her liither's neck. Siniks anil Ion added to the etrcct of Ibis liiniily scene, which my Kii;ii»| rendered still iiiori aircctinj,' by his caresses. Sweit i-|ii||j;f In- is as endenrin;,' iisliis sister iMvitty; hiiili have |iii|in,| 10 been a source of di lijilit to iis; why arc tiny, iii||it| prc-ent crisis, to excite our liveliest anxiety, anil In i(.f ciisioM me in parlienlar an inileserihahle sensiiti.iii >t| pain wliicli 1 am imalilc lo conoiicr, and Iiml il virvili' lieiilt to contend with ' I have no apprclicnsion niiiiul own accoiint ; hnl I am in the iilmo-l terror inal afr cniiccrniiijj thcniaiid my dearest Alexaiidirl " The occasional vi.dts of my chihlrcn, and the unril nvi rlicaril and |iickeili pliy my daiiijil' r, had ciialiliilli,: to jjniss that her fatin r was a prisoner, Wc .•iikiii.r.l ledyed to her what it was no Imijier in onr power tiiiiir[ ccal. 'What has he done " 1 nipiiri d ilortiiiM'. llT brother layin;;liis usual timidity aside, was also nniniil to ki.nw tiie motive of Ibis net of severity. We >l have foiinil it very dillicnlt In assij/nany. Siii;Miliirc nf pnvvcr, t'liilty and cnntcin,itllilc siritcli of arbilrarv i| tbniily, hIiIcIi does iint cs.apc a child's piiiilrali which all the wnrld Hliiiiild oppose, lliou)(li tin one i" veiitiires to coiiipliin. "Mtli' we will piiiiisli your acciiserM.' cxcl.iiiinil II 1 lense, 'ns s.ioii iis wc arc slroni; eiioii^'h.' ' He uli hi.nJ child,' said her I'.ithcr ; ' if yoii are nverlicaid I ain l^'f vou.and your niellnr would he line'" lo siitli r li'i «|«.1| lii^ this lan;;iiaiie, and we iiilirlit net tlieii injny lli< e.; solatiol, of liaviiiy alforileil 110 preli nee for tin ir iini'i tri atmeiii.' ' Have vn not oOi 11 to' 1 iin,' ob'.i ivhI I ei lie, ' liii.t it was proper lo rcsi I nn ucl of iippir..i,' ' .Villi I ii(;iiiii repeal it,' rejoiiicij my Inishand ; 'em . 1 .liiet nin-t, liowi VI r, tic ijiiidcii hy the rules of prim! and whoMiiver i|i empls lo deliai llii viewH of liiim iiiii-.t Is ware of Mvvakcniii)! it from its slnniln is.' "liy di (Jill s, the 1 .nivi rsation ' mU a tiion il turn. Wcl'orirot our pri hi nt inisforliines, and iiiiliil.u| in t' iider rccolli 1 Iioiih, and in plans for (lie liitiin . \ < will ri aili'.y i npp"sc tli.it 'oi' caiiic in lor a xliari nf ihtil ' I wish my aunt 1 vi ry liappini ss,' suiil Alcxinnlir, » .1 11 KiiiiliiiK eeiinti nam e i ' in verthi lesr, HN ihc liiiin' never hi iiilciestiii|j 11:1 \« hi n inider llie cti itiiiiint ) Mirriiw, ? coiild w i II that liir a Ii w ilnys 'iiy miiit'.iiiitiil 'i niK.lIOIRS OF IIORTENSK lilOAril.VItNAIS. 171 V Id iillcnialc'sciisj, 1-1111(1 Ii;m1 rx pressed lUs to lUir iri'.uniiaii lilt in iiriliT 1(1 s|i;ir, ■(I In s-i'iid lliciii y llCMl in. I''(ir sni;;t tlicir IuIIkm- li.uiii, ic r:nT iil'ii cclclirui. rirc puni in llu- jii, iil'v;ic:iiil s|mcc, lij,; 'I'lie first iutcninv ic iTinark niailc lit lis were very nitili, iiiiicrdns. WliMiii il iilrciuly Ici'i i!i,i, jT, lit Ncvil's iiW(_. uml Icl'l tliciii ur, iii(liittni(l( (I liy III, I iKiiriit iinniKip. | nil- tender iiieiii:,., ce. AleMiiKJcr, «•„ I, riirlilnile, w;is n«. ruled lidwover iillm vdiirs t(i mini il, aij Our (;liil(lr( ii aj«in rnvcil II tVesli crisii, liiid lo disiriii-ic trim iiolidii. lis liir a l(in}r liiiiclV • !ilV('eti(Tn slie WMii! : • to yive way in y. iKit a (Imj^eniiiy it isli and !ie(;.itiv( u j Tdines lier : ' l>o \ ; 1 licr lirotlier, ':ii .,\. (tors call run.' \VI ■rrii|iliii(i' lier; ili. \ ' e(iniii\('d tn (Im,! (1.1 Ihinli sn.' '('■ J odd,' iiliMiMil I cdiitrary ipiii p!? iiiadciiici^cili ' I:,; ■iiirely,' Kiiitiiiiiiil i', ts may Tc allinv.il i, L- wish to spiire llsii 1 inlii my nriiiMiii| 1(. Smiles ami l.fril ic,wliieli my l'!ii;ii»l aresses. Swei-I ctiiitl [ tv 1 ImiiIi Imvc lii'lii' « liv arc tliey. iiillil iiiiNiely, and In i'\ rilialile scilsiiti.iii , 1111(1 filid il vi r) (!;.| iipprclieiisiiiii on itii| iio't tcii'ir mid ill : lexaiider I iliiri n, and llu «f4| lit' r, liiid(iiidili(ll«!| SlilKT. \S'( lukll'I ill iiiir pnwi r In rill? ir">l lircd iliirleiiM'. Ill- Lidc, u as II Ik('\'( iity. W, ly. Sin^rnlnr iil«i 11 till orarlnlrary I'l eliild's pdlclrall- I tli "" """' '" |s(-rH. i-X(-Miiiii a I.' 'Ili->il.ii -rlicard I "in II snil'i r fei » |l till II ( iijiiy 111' -.• for iIk i IIM,' oll-( I'Mll 1 1 11(1 iiriippr(»i'-i liii^liaml ; '( rules ol' |iriii!ii ,i(HH ol' IUalJl| Its sliimlii I"' iiU II iiiori (I Irliiiii'H, and iiiiliN.i'| Illir Ilic liiliiri. Vi lor II «liureiiril"»| ill Ali-\iin(lir,«i .1, n» llic iiiiif" ' the i-\iiliiiiiiil lile ere raiiiiliariscd witli captivity ; it idd s,i,.-.ri-st 111 hrr pen a spli-mlid cIcKy, and llic poet's iiiia(ri- iiali'iii, whilst iiniiiorlilisiii',' li(-r prison, would n-adily riHisiili' hei" ''"' li''^'"^' '"'•'" """ "'''" "miatcs.' ' " Wlial thiiili yon ol' this wish, my di-arcsl nmit .' yon will iierliaps see in it my hiishand's an.\i(-ty llir your wi-l- t'cP-; liir niv pirt, as I l.nc yon more lliiiii 1 do your liiii-lrv, I 1'"'^' ''"■'" " '("'••""'■y wish; 1111(1 at llii^ risk of ' ,if„'i.ver sliarinj; the (flory ol't 'vid or of.Madaim- dc la Siizi-, 1 rceomnicnd you to write on in prose and n-taiii the eninvineiit ofvour lihcrly, in order thai you may al.so iiiiliil;;eiii tin inelinaliou you have most nt heart, that ol ddinirV""' '" y""" ''''l«>v creatiin-s." We add ii letter from llic vicomte, w-rill(-ii iinnie- (liali-lv Ill-lore his cxc-cntiini, and oii(^ from .losi-iihiiu- to her eliildr( Ui aiiiiomieinjj thi^ death of their father. Lust li III r from jM. itc lirnuhnrniiiit /o/.in U'//('. ('onei(-rf;erie, Nifilit of l-lie "til llii-rniidor, year !i. "I have V(-t a few minutes to devote to alli-etion, ti-ars n„j ri-irrel ;' ainl then 1 must wholly )ii\o niyself up to the clcfV "I' '">■ fall' and to thoii!,dil» of iinmortalily. W'hiii yon receive this lelti-r, my dear .liisi pliiiii-, your hilsliaiid will liaic ceased to live, and will hi- last in;; true cxi.sleue'- ill Ihi- hosomof his Creator. Do not ueep lor hiliii llie Hiel<(-d and senseless lieinys who siirxivi- him are iiiore worthy ofyom li-ars, for they are duiiiy iiiisehief wliii-li lli''V i-iiii never ri-pair. Hut lei us iiol ehnid llie |ireseiil iiioiiii-nts hy any Ihoiifjhis of their ;,niill; 1 wish (111 the contrary to lirii;lili-n tin in hy the ri Ih-elion that I have enjoyed the all'e(-lions of a lovely woman, and thai (iiir iiniiin wiiiild havi- hi-i-ii an iiniiil(-rrii|itcd course of )ia|i|iiMess, hill for errors wliicli I was too late lo a(-k.iow- l,i|i;i- and alone for. 'I'liis ihouylil wriiiffs U-ars from my t \i >: llioiinli your /generous heart pardons me. lint this is ii'i lime to revive tl-e re(-olle(-tioii of my errors and y.iiir wi-on!,'f>. What thanks I owu tu I'rovidciice who uill ii-waiil you ! "'I'lial l'roviil'-ii(-e now disposes ofiiic licforc my time. "'' ■ ■■ aii'ilher lih-sniiii; fur which I am ^riatefiil. Can a leh, I, at isl II ..ys Ml)' niiiil miiiiH lirliiiiiis man livi- hapiiy when In- sees the vv'holc world .1 pr. V lolhi- wicked ' I should ri-|oi(:e ill hi-iii;; taken iiwiiv, u-erc il iiol for the tlioiii;lit of li-avin^r those I love hcliiiid UK'. Iliil if the Ihonyhlsof Hie dyim;- are prcsciilimeiil . siiliiclliiii^' in my hi-'irl lellsiin- that these liorrihli- liiili li . ricK an- liiawin^r lo a c-losi- ; — that i'\eciitioiii-rs will in tlliir liirii heroiui- victims, that the arts slid scicnci-H will nuaiii lloiirish in I'laiice; that wise and moderate laws will lake plai-c ot' cruel sacriliccs , and that you will at liii;;lli enjoy the liappini-ss which you have alwiys dc- n-i-M'il. Dm cliildn-ii will ilisi liar^^e Iho ili hi for their rallier " i n-sunic llicHC ini'iilicrent iiiiil aliiinsi ille^rlhlc liiicR, wliii II wi-rc iiitcrriiptcd hy the cntraiiec of my jailers. "I liavi- ji.st siilimillcd III a enii I (-er(-iiiony. whi iiiiili-r any oilier clrciiinstancis, I woiilil liiuc risi>l..., Iliesai riliecof my lili-. Vi-t w liy shoiilil we ri-U 1 ii|,'ain iii'i-cs-ily ' ri-axoii l( lis iih to iiiake the lii-st of it wc can. My hair lias Is-i-ii cul otV. I had sonic idea of hiiyinj; a |url of il in ordi r lo leave to my wile and ihililrcii im iiiii-ipnviii-al phil^e of my last n i'olle(-tiuii of lliciii. Alas! lay 111 art hn-aks at Ihi vi ry Ihoiiulil, and my ti-arsjiiilcw llie juper on whii-h I am wriliiii;. Adii n.iill that 'l lovel Think of nil-, and ilii not fort;i-l llial lo die the \ii-lim ot Ivraiils and the inailvr of liln riy, sliu-du liihlie on llie H-afl'iild." Mtitliimrilr Hiiiiilhirniiii liihir Chihlirn. "'I'lie li.ind whii-li will dilivi-r this In you is falllifiil iiail Miin-. >'oii H ill re(-(-ive il from a friend who kiiiitts anil lias sliari d my sorrows. I Know iml hy what iiei-i- iliiil -he li.is hilherto In-Ill spared. I call this anldi lit ll-rliiiiale ; i.|ic n-i;iird-i il as a i-alamily. ' Is il iiol dis. i;riii'. I'hI to live,' said she ycslerii.iy, ' when all w ho are i;i"«l liiiK- the lioiioiir of ilyini.' " May In lueli, as the iiwanl oilier eoiir ijjc, refuse her the fatal honour she de niri-i! " \s liir ine, I am i|liiililii d liir that lioiiour, ami t am |iripiniii(; iiiysi If llir rceii\ina il. Why liim ilim-asi •jiiiiiil ini- Ml loii^r ; Hut I imist not murmur. Ah ii uiii, I iiiiulil to lollow the full- of Illy Imslniml; and can tliiTi iniu h- any liite more (jloiioiii than In iisri ml tin i-i.illiild ' Il Is a palciit of imiiiorlalily piircluiM-il hy n pi-iiiipl and pleasiiiir di-alli ! " My I liildri II, your father is ilcatl, and your tiiollii-r is iiIhiiiI III liiHoU' liiiiit lint, as In fore thai liiiiil htroke, ihi iinwi'.i.iiiK leave me n few iiioiikiiIm In iiiysi If, I w isli ti iinplevthi-ni III wriliim In you. Socrali h, wlii-ii i-on ilniiinil, philoMiplii-eii Willi liiu tliM'ljiks i ,i iiiutlHr, uli the point of iinduri!jfoin;; u ; imilar iiiti-, may discourse with lii-r ehildri-ii. " .My last sinli u ill he for you, and I wish lo make my last words a kistiin; h-s.son. 'I inn- was w-|ieii 1 ijave you lessons in a more pleasing way ; hut the present will not he till- less iiscl'nl thai it is /.'ivcii at so serious a nioineiit. I have the weakness lo wall r it willi my tears; I shall soon have the coura;;e to seal it with my hlood. " llillierto it was ini|iossihle to have hecii happier than I have liei-ii ; while to my union with your fillier 1 owed my li-lieily, I may venlmeto Ihiiikanil to say that lo my e!iara(-li-r I was indelilcil I'or that iiinoii. Il met Willi I many (lillii-nllies, hut without arlilii-uor (-Iforl I iivi-ieame ;li(-in. 1 loiind in iiiy heart llu; nu-aiis of v\ imiin^r tlii- atl'eelion of my liiishann's ri-latinii-i ; patitiico and ^eiitlc iiess always siii((-ed at last in (;aiiiiii;j the yiiod will of others, 'i'oii al.so, my dear (-hildrcn, pos.sess iialiiral ad- vanta;;i-s wliii-h eo^t lillle and are of (jrcal valui- ; hiil you must learn how lo (-iii|iloy lln-ni, and that is what I slill li-el a pleasure in leaehiiiir you hy my e.-^ainph-. * " " " I lived with our aunt iienandin, thai e.M-elli ill woman, lliat kind pan-Ill, that wnrlliy soul, of wliinii we have .so often spok(-, and who has died with ;;rii-|' at seein;r In-r niree saerilice(l,as she loiin laiii(-iili d, when her liire.-iijhl separ.iled us. I say her foresiifht, thmi^jli pi-rhaps it w.is then only her limdm-ss. " ( 'in-nmslanci-s hromilil lo Marliniipie a handsome and nil rilorioiis yoiiiii; olliei r. I may he pni.iil lo praise liliii, he W.I.-, your falln-r, who al^er iiiakin;r me a happy wife was deslincd lo render im- a niolher at once bkssevl and imforlmiate. " 'I'Ik- hnshand of .Madanie I'eiiaudin ii.anafjeil not only his own pl.iiilalions, hilt those which the .Al.\l. I'l aiiliar- nats inherited. 'I'lie projiriety of our union ap|ieari-d im- ipictliiinahle, especially as the iiiarria;;e, planned hy the two families Ihr your imcle, had not lii.s a|ipi'obutio,i, hi- h(- havin^j made aiiothi-r eliuice. " Here I must record ']iv ;'raliliide I owe to my (-.\eel- li-iit hrollier ill law, w hii has iiiidi r Miri'ins eirciniislaiK-es t;ivcii me prools of Ii ,- most sineen- frii-ndship, thoii^jh lic was of quite adilhi- nlopinioii from your liillnr, who ciii- liraeid the lu-w iilc.is with all the enlhiisiasm ol'a liM-ly iiiiai,Miiatioii. He fancied liiM-rly was to he M-i-iired liy ohtailiin^r concessions t'ldiii the kin;; whom he venerated ; hill all was lost, and nolhiii;; naineil lint aiiarchv. \\ ho will arrest llie torrent, O (onl .' unless thy powerful hand I onlr'il and restrain il, we an- undone I " l-'or my pari, my chilihcn, i am iihoiit to die lis yoiir lal her died, a \ielini of the liny he always oppi.scd, hut to which he li'll ,1 .sacrilice. I leaM- lill- withonl li.itrid ol' l-'rancc and ilsass.-issins, wlioiii I despisi- ; hiil I am peiii-. Iraled with sorniw- llir tin- inisforlunes of my coimtrv. Honour my memory in sliarin;; my sentiments. I leave for your iiilieritaiii-i- the tlory of your linlier, 11..1I the name of your mother, whom some whoiiave Ih-i-ii mitia'- tillnile will hear in lenieiiiLruine. j.o\e, repi'et,iiml liiii- cdii-tioii." Ai-eordin;; to the same work, Maila'iu I'aimv dc llean. hariiais look the iinforliinalc childn-n ii..d(-r lii-r protce. lion, dnriiiir (In- impiisomnenl of tin ir parents. " Alailniue l-'aimy dc Id anIiariiaiK look iiiidi r Imi earc llii- chilih'en of Mailami- Alt \andi r ih- lleaiihiiri.nis, ihir- iiii; llu- iii^priMiiimcnt of that most exei Ik lit of mothers, who I M-r rclamcil a lively re(-ollei lion of I Ins fivi.iir. Her i;ralililile Inwards her aiilit was imlioiimlcil, nor did the eiiiraL"-ini I '" w liii-li her ell \a'.i-d rank aOerwarils impoM-d upon liei, induce her at any tune In relax In the d, iiioii. stralion 01 her si-nlimcnls ; she always calk d her a Hiriinil r.uilhn, a illc justly due lo one wliii lilt a truly iiiiitcrnal leiidi riii-Hi for III r. " No ilo'iht can 111- (iilei laincil of .loM-pliiin 's exi-i lleiil dispohllioi , when we find llu family of lur first Imsliand pn scrviiu; liir In r a eoiislanl and iiiishaki 11 allaeliini nl. Till y were lav i»li oflhcir iilli lilioiis at the l.inc win n her sorrow was nl ils lieiyhl, anil she 111 ver sniVi nil the iiior- lilicalioii of lieinkels, we wen- perii itly da-/.y.k-d with the hrillianev, Illc si/e and the (jiianlily of jewels com- posiiij; till- dilVi rent si-ls. The most n-niarkahle alK-r lho.se vvliii-liciiiisisledof wliili- di,iiiioiiils,wen' in llic shape of pears, liirmcd of pearls, perl'ectlv re;tiilar, and of the fun si colour; opals, rnliii-s, sapphires and (-ineralds, were luciri-h-d with lar^'i- diamonds, wliieh were, nevertheless, (-oiisi(l(-red as mere innutifinmt, and never taken into ae- coniit in tin- t-slimation made of lliose jewels; they formed allo^ether a colli-i lion which I lieljevi- to he. imiipie in l-'.urii|ie, siiii e they eoiisisli d of the most valna- lile ohjeets, of Ijiat dt-sei iption, that (-ciild Ik- fmiiid ill the towns i-on(|iiei(-d hy our armies. .Napoleon was iievi-r imili-r lli(- iK-ecssily of sri/.in;; ii|ioii nhji els, wliii-h them was always (viiieed the nlinosl anxii ly lo oll'er lo his wile ; the ;rarlaiids and hoinpiels formed of such a eoiuil- Icr'.s nu.uher of preeions sfniies, had llii- (-ifei-l ol' vei ifv in;; the Initli of the (kseriplioiis liilln ilo .-io llinciliil. which are lo he mil with in tin- fiiiy tales. .N'oin- hut those who have si eti ihis splendid lolh-eliun can lirrow, and ^'ivinjr t>tc vint to my tears, onr t'liiMid tin' male made liis a|ipi'nran(-'c, and cii- quircd with his lioncst lilunlncss what was Ihc cansc ot OUT trliimp'riinj!-? llortiMisc rt'pht'fi in a sobhinij voicf, that she PonU! no longer co npnn deck, Ik cause she had torn her shoes, and I had no others lo y-ive lier. " /s that all .' I have an (jIiI pair in my (rnnk ; lei me jro liir them. Von, madam, will ent lliem up, and I :-halI .-ow them over a^ain io Ihe hest of my [lowir ; every thins.'' on hoard sliijt shnnld he Inrned In iu'iMunf ; this is not lliepl;eeli>r heinjr too nii e or parlienlar; we hat-- our most imporlant wants irralified, when \\c have Ihe tieed- I'nl." lie did not wail liir onr reply, hnl went in i|ne.st of his old shoes, which he hrnnfilil lo ns with an air ol f'Xlillalion, and otlered them lo I lorlcnse, who recuivcd the ^ii) wilh every demonslralion of deliL^hl. " W'c set lowork wilh Ihe {rrcalesl alar'rily, and my (lantihler was I'liahled, hiwards Ihc close of day, lo enjoy the pleasure of ajjain auni^iii^' Ihe slii|i's company. I re- peal that no present was ( \er rceeiveil hy me wilh more hincere <,rrntilude. I frrcatly reproached myself for havin;,r nopleelcd to malic enipiirii's alter the wot thy seaman, who was only known on hfiard hy Ihe name of .latnes. 1 phould have Icll a sincere satisfaction in rendering him Fome service, sinci' it was alicrwards in my power lo do so."— A/f//io/r« of I ft f Ktiiiirfss Juttt'ii!intr, v. ^, N( m;s ON ciiArTKR iv. .>l.\llIli.\<;K OK JoaiKI'Ill.NK. MaJume ile Ihuuliuiiiaia to Madame *•• " I am urfred, my dear, to mnrry a(;ain, hy the advice of all n>y friends, (I may almost say,) hy the cnnnnands of my aunt, aiul the prayers of my ehihlrcn. Why are yuii Hot here lo lielj) me hy your advice on thi.4 important uccusion, and lo tell me whether I ou(;hl or hot to euiiscnl to a iinioii, which eertaiidy seeinH eulculuted to relieve iilu from the discoinliirls of my present sitiiatiun.' Your friendship wouhl niidir yonelearsi^fhted lo my iiilensls, mitces Ihiiik worst ol all in 111, Hers ol' religion. Now love hc'.ni; a sort of reli- (;iou, niy fci liiids on(;hl to he very dilVcreiil from what they really arc. 'I'lils is the point (Ui which I w.mt your advice, which would fix iIk^ wavering; of my irresolute disposition. 'I'o come lo i decision has always 1« in too iiiiicli liir my ereole inurtiu ss, and I find it easier to ohey till! wishes of iilheri<. " I admire Ihe (jciieial'ii eoiiraire ; the cvtent of his in form. oioii oil every Huh|ccl on which he coi •.erscs ; his KJirewd lull lli^ri'iice, which cnahlcs him to imdiTsland the tlioiii;hls I I'olhers, Ik'fire Ihcy a'l' expresscil; hut I eon- li'SH 1 am somi'w hat liarl'iil ot that control which lie s. i ins a.ixioiis lo excreise over all aliery jHiinl of iilli ritii;. " ,Mv sprini; of lite is p.i ' What shall I do ' t iiiiiy slml invsclf up and weep, line > .nmolalion, Inily I inclliiiiko I fienr yon say. Hut iiiie . uilinifiii I know il is, wci pinu in, I aMsiire yon, irrny Nciild me if you lliinlt inr wrmiK. Yoil know every lmii)r ID H'i'liiime ilint come, from yoii. "Mnrr.'i" unsiin > im if I iimr'-v the jjeneral he will gri liiiii nj)|Hiiii(til eiiiiiniaiKUr in cliirl'of tlH' army ol Ituly This favour, thoiiL'h not yet (;ranled, occasions some mnrimirii.ir amon^r l!oiiaparte's hrolher officers. When sprakinf; !•> ine yesterday on Ihe subject, Ihe (;cneral said: " Do thiy II ink I cannot del forward m itiioul their pa- Irnnnpe? One daj- or oilier they will all he loo happy il I yraiil tliiin mine. I lia\c a {jood sword hy my side, which will carry me on." "What do yon think of this self confidence f Does il not savour of eveessive vanity ? n fjcf'T''' ol' hriijade to talk of )iatronisiii{r he chiefs of the (jovcrniiniit ' It is very ridii mIous ! Yet I know not how it iiappens, his amhiliniis siiiril .sonicliin'* wins npnn me so far that I am almost li'inpted lo bcli»-»* in th«' praclieabilily of any projeel he takes into hi hea»!; — WnA who can Ibresce what he may allcnipt! ".'Ml here re;;ret your absence; and wc only ronsolc iini'.selves by constant'y spc'ikiiifj of you, and hy eiidea- vonrioe to follov; you step hy step, in the beautiful country in which yon are jouriieyiii;r. Were I sure of liiidinii' yon in Italy, I would consent to be married to. inorrnvv, oil condilion of hciii':; jicnnitled to aeeompaiiy the (Tciieial. Hill weini<;hl cross each other on the way, Ihi lelorc I lliiiik It nio.st prudent to await your answer; pray send il speedily. " .Madame '('allien desires me to present lier love to yon. She is slill fair and f;ood as ever. She employs her immense inlhience only tor Ihc hencfil of llic nnloitn- iiale; and when she perlorms a favour she appears as pleased and satisfied as Ihouirh she herself were the "hlii,'cil parly. Her friendship lor me is most all'eilion- ate and sincere, and of my regard lijr her, I need only .say that it is eipial lo that which 1 entertain for yon. " Ilorlensc [rrows more and more inlerestinir every day. Ili'r pn tly fitrurc is jrittiiiir fully develo|)ed, and it' [ were so iiielined, 1 should have ample reason lo rail at tiine, who conl'ers cliarms on the dauj;lit''r at Ihc cvpense of the inolhcr. lint truly 1 have other thinirs ill my laad. I try lo banisn {.'looiiiy Ihon^jhts, and look forward lo a more propitious fiitme, lor wi shall soon meet never lo part airaiii. lint for this iiiarria;;c, which harasses and nnselllesnie, I could he ;ray in sjiile of every lliiiiL'-; were II onceover, happen what iniirhl. I could resi;;n iiiysi II to my fate. I am inured to sutl'erini;, and if I he di s tiiiec; lo lasle fresh sorrow 1 can snp;iorl il, provided my children, my aunt niid you remain to eomfort me. " You know we have ay:reeil to dispense with all formal lerminalions to our letters. So adieu, my friend I" Meinuii» vf JuHrphiiie, vol .1. IIONAPAIITE S JRALOl'SV. Maddinr llutitiji'tite lu lientral Bonajmrit, " I- it possible, jri iicral, 'hat the httcr 1 li.ivc just re- ceived cniiics from you '■ I can scarcely eredil il when i compare III, it leltt r w itli others now heliire iiic, to which your love imparts so many I'harms '. .\ly c^cs indeed would persuade me that your hand traced IIiI'm' I'lies; hut my heart refuses to In lii vi' lliat a lelter f'.ni um coiild ever have caused the mortal an};nisli I experieiiet oil pcriisiii','' these expiessions of your displeasure, wllieli atllicl me the more when 1 consider how iniieb _ e, my iiinst have lost you. " I know not what I have done to provoke lO'e -iia- liL'^nalil enemy In destroy my pcaei' by distmhiir. ye I's bill certainly a powerful motive iiiiisl iiillucnce sot.'co'U' 111 coiilimially rcnevviii|r eahmimes aijainsl mi', iiiid ;:'V iiilT lliciii a snlheii lit appearance of probahilily lo . ," s, on the mall who has hitlicrto ;nd(reil me worlhy ol 'iis atlielioii and conlidencc 'I'hese two niilimeiilf nre ni cessaiy lo iiiv biippincs.j, in.d if they are lo be so si i williilrawn In in me, I can only re(irit that 1 wuii i e blest in posKissiiif; llieiu or kiiowiii{r you. "thi IIIV first aeipiaintaiicc with yon, the aniiclloii wilh which I was ovi rwhelnied led me (o believe llial IIIV heart iiiusl cm i leiiiain a slraiiycr lo any seiiliinenl reseiiihlmi; love. 'I'll" »aiii;iiliinry scenes of wlileli I had been a witiiesH and a vicliin conslanlly liaimled mv lliimi;lils. I tlient'ore appnliendeil no daiiL'er lo myself I'l llic freimeiil enjoy iiieiil of v our siH'iely, slill k'ss did I imiiiiiiii that 1 cuilld for a siiikIu inuiiiuiit liovu liked your elioii.'e. " I, like every one else, nilmirrd your tiilenlH nnil nc. ipiireiiieiils; and belter llliin any one else " foresaw your tiiTun' ulorv; hut still I loved you oiilv for the lerviies nil reiiili nil lo my eoimlry. Why did you seek to emi. verl ailiiiirnlion into a more lender MiiliiiKiil, by availlnL' yourself of nil lllose |siwerM of pU'utiii); with which \oii iin' Ml eminenllv iiiHed, since, »n shortly nl\er lmviii(r iiiiiteil ynur drsliiiy w Ih mine, you regrot Iho fi'lieily lyiMi ii»vi' eunfcrrcd ii|h)ii iiir ' " Do you think I can ever forget the love you once chr rislied tor me? (an I ever Ik conic iiidifl'crent to llie n,,,, who has blest me w illi Ihc most enlhuslaslic and ardu ■ passion .' ( 'an I ever elVacc from my memory yniir r, leriial alVeelion for Ilorlensc, Ihe advice and e.vniiiii! yon have set before Kufrciie ? If all this apjiears iiiiiKj. sihle, how can you for ii inoinent suspect inc of bcstuv. injj a tlioiij;lit on any hnl yourself? " Instead of lislcnin;.' to tradueers who, for reasom which I cannot c\|daiii, seek to disturb onr happia's«, why do yon not silence Iliem by enumcratinfr the l«iii. tits yon have l«'stowed on a woman whose lieart rcny never he repniaehed with inirralitiidc? The knovvlai^.; of what yon have done for my cliihhen would, check tl,- malifrnity of llicse calnmiiiators, for they would then w,. that Ihe stroiiijest link of my attachnienl for yon dipind- on my character as a mother. Your subsei|iieiit cniiilini which has claiined the admiralinn of all Kiirope (:i,iil,! Iiave no other etl'eel than lo make me adore Ihe hiislrinil who fiavc me his hand when I was poor and inilcatMiiai, I'Aery step yon ''ike adds to the {{lory ol the nan,, | hear: yet this is the inoment that has been selectiil ■;,, persnailiiiH- you that I no Ion ;rer love yon I Surely nothing can he iiion' wicked and absurd than the eonduel of tlir,,f who arc about yon, and are jealous of your niarkcil sunp. riorily 1 " Yes, 1 slill love j'on, and no less tenderly than rvir. Those who allc};(! the contrary know that they s|pi:!k falsely. To lliose very persons I have frei|iiciilly vvni. Icn lo enipiire about yon anil lo reconnnend tliciii Inrrn. sole yon by their frieiiilship, I'or the ab.senee of he.' vvlh is your best mid Iniesl iViend. " Vet, what has been the conduct of Ihe men in whnin yon repose cniifidcnce and on wliose testimony von I'linn so unjust an opinion of inc.' They conceal from v.;i every circiiiiistaiice calenlated to all.viale the aiii,oiisli .;' our separalion, and liny seek to fill your iiiiiid with sii-. pieioii, in order lo drive yr ;: I'roni a coniilry with vvlinh they are dissalislieil. Tl 'ir object is lo make yiiii im. liap|iy. 1 sec ihis plainlv ; Ihoiich you are blind totlinr perlidions intentions. Heimj no lonirer their cqiiid v.;: iiavc heeonii) t'leir eiieiny, and every one of your viitr.. ries is ii fresh (rroniKl of i iivy and haired. " I know their iiilri^ues, and 1 disdain lo nvcnpe niv self by naininjj the men wlio.n 1 despise, but vvliiw valour and talents may be useful lo you in the (rrui enterprise which you iiavc so proj tioiisly eoiiiliinicn!. When you nlurii, I will iiuinas!, these enemies of voiu jflory — hut no; Ihc bapniness of seciiifr you again vi ill banish from my rceolleclion the iniserv they are inili';.. vouriiip; lo iiilliel 'i|ion me, and I shall think only n;' what they have done to promote the success of your projects. " 1 iicknowli dfje that I sec n prciit deal of <'nin|inin'; Ii V every one is eager to roirnii' iit ine on your mi I . s, and I conli ss I have not rcsolulion to close myiUr I .', . i I I" '1 who speak of yon. I also confess tlinl i I. ,1 (Kirlioii , f i.iy visiler.< re i^cnllemcn. Men iiiulir sl '1;'' your Iki.'' ir.ijccts In tier than women, and lliiv 'i' 'aU vith 'rr,iii,:.sm ol' vmr glorious «eliieveiiii'i"i, iv'oih' my I'd i !• jicnds only complain of yon f r havirj onrrii'd awi, ilieii- Imsbanih, brothers, or falliers. 1 hlif no pleasurii m their sociity if lliey do not praise vmi: ycl till re are i ,/i i amoiig Ihciu whose hearts and iiiiilir- I 'idiiigs claim iiiv In; m'sI regard, hceniiM' Ihey nilrr. lit .iiicen lViellll^lllp I ir yon. In Ibis iiiiniber I limy 'ill iiigiiisli !\lesdaiues,i'.\'i;iiillon, Tallicn, and niviiiini. 'Tiny arc alniosl i oiihli, ell,- with me, and liny cnn loll you, imgnilel'iil as )ou arc, whelhcr I hart bctu nujifi li»l! irilli 11 1 III hull/. These are your words, and II'. would be ball liil lo me were I not certain llnil yon liru ili.iavowcd till 'II and are sorry for linving wrillcii Ilieiii, " I am lerrilied at the mimenins pi rils which siirriiiiiil yon, and of the I'Xtciil of which I shniild linvc liiiil im idea, had not I 'e ;• nc iie isled on my wriling lo i iilnii 111. it you W',' tly in Ihc fice ol' danger, and iiiiiiirri. sarily '•vpii , .ic i.ieh is precious not in rely In yi"ir family and niends. Kemember llint on yon de|H'iiiriitli' desllny of your ei.iiip'iiiiiiis in arms and of iiiilhiiiK if I soldiers, who w ii'ld not have fnrliludi to eiidiiT llif | Imrilships In wliii !' ' icy arc exposed, hut I'or the riifiiii ragcnii hi which your presi nee all'ords Ihciii. " Do not, I conjure you, over exert your slriiit'tli Listen not III the diilales of your own ever nellve iiiiiiil, hill lo Ihe iiilviec of Ihose who love you. llertliiiT, li<>ur I'ienne, Miigi'iie, iind < 'alliin Hi, w bo arc niore risil than yo , may somitimi s view lliings iiion' justly. They nn devoted lo yon, Ihciel'on' lislen lo Oiciiij litll to lliim niily, and you and I shall Ih' Imppy. " I someliines receive luinniin lirte wliirll eniisi lie III) small di i;irrof eiiiliariHssnichl. I am not nc.eiiitaiiio' ;i '• to lliis sort I ' .iiithorilie.s , in;; their i:i say; an 1', lajii.' yoii lulling in v.nir Iriiiiiijil j vioiis imvv, w .J vvilli /'resli liii . iiiali,'iiity vvil .- iiial tlli'll linlll ,tJ " Milt I ^ % einii-', which ■! dl t'|u:illy d :' f .r llie unjile,'; tell vol! soinct \.i "llnrlense, fir as possible brother, aJid si, ,! melancholy, till I assiin' yon, i viT.siitiim a;ul i ill ilravviiig ' ' Dear iiianiina ^ worii iiiimcilia - fi'parales me fr laaclioly vvhiel lo make grc.il (laiigliler, who, 1 vcrv place wlii tliaughls. " Iforlense's I griicel'ul. She d i]ailc so handsoii tliouirlit agreeabi " .Mv giMid am rniii|'laiiiiiig, eoii- iinil wriliiig pod ill writing lo von, iials. 111 which yoi 111^' of you, lonkii yiii III iirly, coiiiiil yiar rrliirn : ami .iiiriiii. .Ar,' all Ih 'inviT Iiavc any of frmii yiiii, I shall I finb'iif llie ill i,;i I'llil, ill wliniii yon v'll sllniild I ilolllil III' . aail, jmljiiig ol " llciveii kiiovy.<) Ji'llir. Miy it rest CI'! Mil ii.'ver to havi »!' I, ill It ,'is Inllg a.' il "a till' day ol' oi ve lae, and leoeiyc MEMOIRS OF IIOUTENSTS BEAUIIARNAIS. 17.3 n' you once clic. runt to till! itnii astic and ardent icinory your pa. ;c nnd cxnmj)!i' i appears iiii]»'5, ;t nic of tcstuw. ,'Iio, for rrasonn ) our linp|iMi'_s«, riitinpf the iKrir. lioKC iieiirt TMilil 'I'llO knoV.ll'll;c; would cluck ll.c y would tlicn Kr for yon dipi mU l»sc(puMit oimiiiiii ill Kuropo ci.imI lore tlic iMislniiii iind uiiliirliiii:ii<. V of the iiuir.t 1 lircn selected 'Ir III Surely iiolliini; eondncl of tlir(>r our uiarUeil sui*. mdcrly than ovi r. that they s|iij.'i ,' frequently vvrii. iiirnd tlu 111 Incrii. sence of hev wltj the men in wlimi sliiimliy you I'ciriii coneeal fioiii yui ale the aiii;iii>li ff lur mind willi ?ii-. DUiitry with wliuh i lo iiialie you iiii. 11 are hiind to tin i' er their equul yui one of your vicln. red. ilaiu to nvcnpe niy lespise, hut wliusc ) you in the gnat iously eonuiiciicn!. !• enemies of ynur (T you again vill rv thry are ciidf;:- Ihall think only ui 8UCC08S of your deal of eompaiiy ; liie on your n;i. |in to I'lose my ili'i'i ilso confess lliai J 111 II. Meniiiiiiir women, and lluy lous ueliievciui'i"'. of you Inr liiiMi; lor i'alhers. 1 laki jo not priiise ymr. hearts and iiiidir- fcauM' they laliT- iiuiiil" r I iiiny |lieii, and my iiai>>. land ihey eiin (ill liaif Oem im/iiil words, and lln; lain tlial you Iiph' jiij; wrideli llii'lii. |h which siirrcaiiil iild Imve liiiii III rillnj; to mlru' L'cr, mill uiiiiirrj- ol Ml rely I" yi"if |i you de|iciiilKll'' Inil of iiiilhi nil if 111 lo ciidilT llif Ivut for the niouii llieiil. It your Kliiiicili. •vcr netivc iniiii!, Herlhicr, ll"W more cimiI lliif lunllv. 'I'licy nf |ni;'hut lo lliin vliirh entiM i" not nrcusliinifil to this •^ort of lioiiiiise, and I see it is displeasing to our nuthorilies, who are always suspicious and fearliil ol I .inir their newly jrottcn power. Never mind lliein, you „ill say; and I should not, hut that I know they will try ti iiiiufi you, aJid 1 cannot endure the tlioU)rlit of eoulri- lu'itiii" hi any way to those feelin-is of enmity wliieli vourfriiuiiiihs siilUeiently account for. If they are en- viou- now, what will tlicy he when you return erowucil Willi fresh liiurels ; ireiivcn knows to what lunsths Iheir ,„„li,„ily will then carry thsin! Hut you will be licre, iu;d Tlieii notliins: can ve.t me. _ t " Out I will siiy no more of tlicin nor of your suspi. I ciaiis, wliicli 1 do 'not rcfille one liy one, hecause they are ' ,-11 cijualiy devo-il of |irobahilily ; and to make amends ■ liir the unpleasant commeneeiiienl of this letter, I will till von soinctliinj; which 1 know will please you. , " llortcnse, in her elforts to eonsolj mc, endeavours as ! Cir us possible to conceal her nn.xiety for you and her ■ brotlicr, and she exerts all her inijeimity to banish that ! intlaiiclioly, the existence of which you doubt, hut which, I I assure yon, never forsakes me. If by her lively con. ? vcr.'^alion and interesting' talents, she sometimes succeeds *' ia drawinir a smile from me, she joyfully e.\i lainis : : ' l>ar inamina, that will he known at Cairo.' The tiital ' word iinincdiately calls to my luind tlic distance which - feaarales ine from you and my son, and restores the mc- liiaeholv which it was intended to divert. I am obliired ■ to make {.'"'at elVorts to conceal my frfwl' from my ■'. duueliter, who, by a word or a look, transports me to the ; very place which she would wish to banish from my ' tlinugllts. "Hortcnsc's figure is daily hccninin(r more and more pnicrful. ."^Iio dres.ses with j» uit taste, and thoujrh not Haite so handsome as your sisters, she may certainly he tlioujilil aureeahlc, when even they are present. " .\Iy ifiwd aunt passes her life in Kiillerinir without rninilaininif, consolln(r the distri'ssid, speakiiijj of you, nnd writinj; poetry. V' r my part, my time is occupied iiiir for Lyons, Midiiiiie llonnpnrto was n pri'y lo cfnt nnd well liinili'il iiiieiifiness. Win Iher she were yiiilty, or only ■l|iriiilcnl, she w.is slron^fly accused by the Itonaparle liiiilv, who were di siroim thai Nii|Kdeiiii shniild obtain ii Iviinr. 'I'lie elder ,M. de ( '.iiil.iin(ourt fiii< liiin. iMadaiiie llon.iparle eoiiiniiiled n ffrcal fault in n,'- Ttiiii; 111 this junelurr to ninciliiile her Ilierinluw, |miiiii;lil have prolceled her neaiiist Ihnse wlio •mifrlil r run,; and, mdred,elVeeted il nine yenrx Inler ; lor Ihc • ill I-"!!'! was liroiitrlil alKiiit by the joiiil I'll'orls of |tlii' iiii'iiibers iiflhe llnoaptirle liiin.ly, aided by »ome Vil«iliiiii's iinml eiinfiilenlial sirvanls, nlioni Jose. 11, 1 illur us Midinie liiinii|inrle, or m einpresN, had kii' antliinu III iiiiikn her frieiida. UNipirto on hjii nrrival in Fori* fnt.nd lit* linuwi de serted; but his mother, sistcr.s, and sister.s-in-law, and in short, every niemhcr ot' his family, e.XLe[)t l.ouis, who bad altcndi'd .Madame Hoiiaparlc to liyoiis, came to liiiii iiiiinediately. 'I'lie iinpri'ssiou made upon him by the solitude of his home and its dcseiiion by its ii)i>tress, was [iroloiiiid and terribli-; and nine years allerwari!, when the lies bdween him and Josephine were seven il liir ever, he showed that it was not elfaccd. I'Voin not llniliiii; her with his family, be iiilirred that she felt her- self unworthy of llnir presence, and feared to meet the man she had wronged, lie considered licr journey to Lyons as a mere preteiici.\ .\L de Hourrieiiiic says, tiiat !or some days afler Jo.-e- phiiie's retiuii, lionapartc treated her with riliciiir ki.'J- ii'.vv. As be was an eyewitness, why docs he not sti.te (lie whole truth, and say tli.it on lur return, lioiiaparle ic/itsid Id scihrr, and did mil ,s'rc Ik i7 It was to tin' earnest intreaties of her cliiidn n that she owed the re- covery, not of her Im.dianil's love, f r that had loufr ceased, but of that tenderness aci|uired by habit, and that inter- course which made her slil! retain the rank of eonsorl to the frreate.st man of his a{;e. Honaparte was, at this period, much attached lo l'hii;ene lieauharnais, who, to do him justice, was a chariniii;; youth lie knew less of Uortense; but her youth and sweetness of lemjier, and the protection of wliieli, as his adopted daughter, she m - souirhthim not to deprive her, jiroved powerl'ul advocate.-, and overcame his resistance. In Ibis delicate neijotia- lion, it was pood pfdicy not to briiiir any other person into play, whiilevcr miijlit Ik; their inHucnce with Hona- parte, and Madame Honaparte did not, therefore, have recourse cither to Itarras, Hoiirrieime, or Herthier. Il was expedient that they who inlerccdcd for her should be able to say any thiii(j without the possibility of a re- ply. Now l)onap.irte could not with any defrrec of pro- priety explain to such children as Kufrcne or llortcnse Ihc purlieiilars of their mother's condiii't. He was, there, fore, conslraincd to silence, and had no ai'jiruiucnt to combat (he tears of two iiiiiuci lit creatures at his I'eet, excl.iiminu', " i)o not abandon our mother; she will break her heart I .'Vnd oiii;lil iiiiustice lo lake I'roiii us poor or- phans, whose natural protector the seatfnld has already ilejiriveil lis of, (he siip|Kjrt of one whom rrovidenee has sent lo ri'plai'e liiin I" 'I'lie scene, as lionnparlr has HJiice stated, was lonj; nnd painful, and the two ehildrcn at lenirih iniroduecd their mother, and pi. iced her in his anus. The nnliappy wo. man had awaited his decision at llii' door of a Hinall back st.'iirease, extended at iihuost full linirth upon the stairs, sutferin;; Hie acniesi paiiifs ol' iiiintal lorliire. Whatever nii'^rhi \,r his wii'e's errors, Honaparte np piareil entirely lo Inrfil Iliein, nnd the recoiK'ilialioii was eomplete. Of all (be mciubirs ol' (be I'amily, .Ma- dame Leelere was most vexed at the pinion which Na poleon had i,rranled (o his wii'e. Honapartc's mollier was also very ill plenscdi hut she said 111)1111111:. .Madaiin Joseph Honaparte, who was always very amiihliMook no part ill llii'se fiiiiily i|iiiirri'ls ; Iherellire, she eoiilil I'lisily ill terinine what part (o (ake when (iirdiui^ smiled on Jo- sephine. As to ,\lail,'iiiie Itaccioeebi, she (^.'ive I'ree veiil (n her ill humour and disdain: (he eoiiseipienee was, (bill her sister-in-law euiilil never endure her. Chrisliiie, who was a beaidiful erialure. followed the ''vaiiiple of Ma- ilaine .Joseph, nnd ( 'aniline was so yomi^j that her opinion I'oiild have no wei',rlii In siieb an nlliiir. .\s to Hoiin- parte's hrolbcrs, liny were at oiii'li war with Josephine. — J/:moiiii iij'lhi' Dulrhr^n I)'. HifitiUcs, ji. 'JtH. iiiMiri'N t.'s i,o\KHR. Jiineiihinr III Hiigrni Huiii/iiiriiuin, in I'l'.vi'I- "I learn with ureal pleasure, my dear l'"uj;ene, llinl your eondncl is worthy of the name you bear, and ol the prod ciiir under whom it is ko easy to lenrn lo become a (rrcal 1 aplnjn. " Ifcinnparle has wrillciilo inetliat you nre every lliinn he cull »(«(i, and na he is no lliillcrer my henri in pniiid lo H'nd your > kIo'.'.Vi skelched by n Inind which In iisiinlly I'nr I'rniii Is'ioir Invisli in prnise. You well know I never doiibleil your 1 1 iwliilily to undertnki „'n'at lliiiiifa, or the liiilliinl loiiniire whii-ii you inherit; bill you, nliisl know how nine h I disliked your removal from mc, fenrinu "nil your iialiirni iKipeluosily niit;lil cnr.y you Ion tin, nnd ilnl il inlulil (ifcvent you tVoin anhiiiitliii|r to the iinmer- iMiM |M lly ilelalln of iliscipline, wliieli must Ih< very dina- (fti ealde when the riiiik is only milinlterii. " Jndjre then of my joy on ieiirniiif( thai you remeiii- iB'r my ndviee, and lliul you nn is olicdienl to your hii. IMrlom III I oioio mil, na you nre kind nnd huiimiie (o lliiMo henealh \ou. Tliia eonduci, my child, inakes nie ■juitc hnppy, i iid (li"in worda, I know, will lewnrd you more than all the favours you can icccive. Head them oflen.aiid repeat lo yoinselfllial your inolber, Ihoiiiih liir iroiu you, complains not oflier lot, since .she knows that yours V, ill be brilliant, and will deserve so lo be. " Vour sisli'r shares all my lieliiifjs, and will tell you so hersell'. Hut that of which I am sine she wilfnot speak, and which is therefore my duly lo tell, is her ut- lention to nie and lo her aunt 1 Love hi r, iiiv son, for to me she brinjrs consolation, and she ovcrllows' with all'ec- lion for you 1 .She proseeiites her studies with uncom- mon success, but music, I believe, will he Ihc art she will carry to the hifrliest pi rll'clion. With lur sweet voice, .vliich is now well ciiltivaleil, she siiins romiinces in u manner that would surprise you. I have jiisl boiiirht her a new piano froiii the heslmaker, Krard, which reilonblcH her passion for that cliarmiii{r art, wliieli you [uefer lo I very other ; that, perhaps, aeeoiiiits Ibr your sister ap- plyinjT to ilwilli so mucli as.-iduity. " Were yon here you would be lelliiijr mc a Ihoiisand limes a day, to beware of Hie men who pay particular atlention to !lurlen.-e. Some there are who iiri)e, nlleiwarils |)iie du Krioiil — a nineh more ilisliii);iiislied perNoiinije lliaii thn ohseiire niynlial eliiet'. We iiro disposed, liowevi>r, to illni 11 bull' or no cn'dil lo ihe atory, vv bieh we liiivo only exlrnelcd lieeniise H,i,iie iiotien of il seeiiird rsaen- linl III the mcmoirn of ila heroine. Il ia iinproliiihle Unit Diiroe, who WHS of n cold, phleirintilie tiMii|ier.iiiienl, nnd iieilher ro.iiniilic nor uiienlciihilini,', »lionld have eliosnii lo rebnipiiah the ho|M-a nresenled liy so apleiuhd an nlli. tiiiec, ainiply hccniiso i( involved his (eniporuiy nhseiien Iroiii the peraoii of Ihn lirsl consul. Ilia very nllnclimeiit In Nn|")h'oii, winch ia the nllnired ground of refiianl, could only Imve been nn nddilioiinl inolivo liir Ida i;nn- aniil. Tiio tulo mny lie anfi'ly ael down us nnother in- sintiee of the vanity nnd iiilarepn'spiiimion, ao charae- Inrislie of the work and ol'ils niilbor, "Itoiinpnrte suid, nl Si. Ilcleiin, apenklnir of Loiiia nnd llorten»r, Ihnl 'Ihey loved rarh oilier when they iii'irrlod : Ihoy desired lo Ihi iiniled. The innrrlnKc wna, loo, Ills rcaull of Joicphiiio'n in(ri|;uca, who linind li«r '^? '!■ r- I J*' ;■ Vi V. I : < ■ r. » i. i. •i i ■iM^i 174 ItlRNOIIlS OF HORTENSE BE VrilARNAIS. I Ti ■-li-i J» 'U- '-l^i, ,♦1 •' l If; II account in it.' Oiio fact iH corlain, and tliat is, that tlioy (lid nut lovi^ ric'li ollinr at all. Unrlcnsc was pas- sionately attached rn Dnroc, wlio did not return licr aHerliiin witli e([ual ardour. The lirst ci)n.sul consented to llicir niarriajfc ; l)nt .loseph'ne, who was desirous of ol>tuiniiiir some .■.n|)(iorl against Ijer brolhers-in-hnv, who never ceased to persecute her, wished to have Ilor- tense united lo I.ouii. f'hv, aeipiainted Mio with her wish, and 1 told her lliat shr had concealed her intcu- lions too loufr, as I had promised my services in favour of the younjr lovers, and had done so tlie moro willirifjly because I knew the tirst consul's opinion was tavonrablc In the union with Dnroc, I addeil, that her daufihter could not I'c-itrain her tears when F.ijtiis was mentioned to her as a hushainl. The lirst consul, in tiic expecta- tion that Duruc'.s marriaifo with Hortensc would take place, had sent to Inm his brevet, as (;eneral of division, by an extraordinary courier, who went to Holland, throiii,'h which Uuroc had lo pass on his return from .St. I'elersliurL'h. " Durinu Duroc's absence, the corrpspondcnco of the younjr lovers passed, by their consent, Ihrouffh my iiands. I'lverv nii^ht I used lo make one in a party at billiards, at which llorIens(\ played very well. When I told her, in a whisper, that I had (rol a letter for her, kIio would i[nmc'dialely leave off playini;, and run to her chamhcr, where I followed, and gave her Duroc's epistle. When she opened il, her eyes would fill with tears, and it was some linie bi^fore she could return to the saloon. " When we wore at Mahnaison those inlriijues con- tiniicinel, where 1 was at work, ' Where i.s Dnroc?' he enipiired. ' Ife has jTone .|ied lo iiiiiti' lioiiis tvilh a nine of 'I'alleyrand. 1 cim oiilv say. Iluil I iii'Mir heaiil a word of Ibis iiwru*, eiiher from hiinself, his wllu, or lior daughter : und. 1 rulhur tbmk, Ihat ai Ihut li'iio the friit cutmnl wim lookini; kMi ' ii royal ulliance lor l.oiin. He cifi ., e.\|i.. xed re({tart, seemed lo shun his very looks, lest 111 should read in hers tlic jiiditi'ercncc she felt to- wards him. This iiidinV'rcnec daily augmented, in spite of the alleetiouale advice of .losephine, who anxiously sought to produce some congeniality of li'cling in the newly mar- ried couple. liiil nil her endeavours were u.seless. I subjoin two letters which she wrote to her beloved daughter some time before her separation from her bus- band was dei'ined inilispi>nsable. They show how earn- estly .losephine desired lo see Hortensc in the possession of that happiness and peace of mind lo which she was herself a si ranger. Her daiighler's iinhappy marriage, which she fiiresaw, but i;onld not prevciil, was a source of deep distress to her. If she i njoyeil an}' consolalion under Ibis alllielion, it was that ol witnessing the imin- terrnptid harmony wiiich prevailed between the viceroy and vicc-ipieeu. Unl, aller all, can any lliiiig soothe the sorrow of a niolher who sees her danghter'a liappincs;; blighted for ever / T» Queen Iloitense. " I was (lc,|ily grieved al what I heard n few days ago ; and what I saw yesterday coiiHrined and inereased my di.strc.ss. Why show this repugnance lo I,ouis ' Iiisbad of rend ring il the more annoying by caprice and incipialily .it' temper, why not eiideiivonr lo siir- iiiount it .' You say he is not ainialile ! every thing is n latin'. If he is not so to you, lie may he so lo others, and all women do not see him tlirongb ilie veil of dislike. To me, who am ilisiuterested, and who view Icni as he really is, he appears lo be more dis|iosi'd to hue than tilted lo be III loved, and that is certainl His soul lakes too lofty a tlight lo be accessiiile to imv vulgar passions, (ilory engrosses bini more peiliail« than is condiicive lo our happiness; but the lii\(; ,||' glory is inooinpatible with any thing base. Such in my profession of faith with regard lo my husband. I fiaiildv communicate il, in Ihn hope thai it will calm your up. prehensions. When. I advise you to love, or at least not to re|inl.se liOiii.s, I speak to you as an expetii'iirnl wife, a fond niolher, and a friend ; and in these tlin.,, characters, which aro all equally dear lo ine. I teiiilirlB embrace you," — .Mem, ufJuseii/iinr, vol. 1. Iiouis Honnparln was not amiss at eighteen ; miIim.. (piently his iniirmilics gave him the aii]iearance ofmirjlj man before his lime; this rendered liiin morose in j|,. pearaiice, and in reality miserable. He resemliKd i||r. ipicen of Naples when he was young and in health: tiiifr, was the same cast of coniileiiance, and the same ex|ie. sioii in the look, when the features of the (pieen of Na|i|,< were al rest; bill, as soon as they were aniinated by \\,, smile or her look, all resemblance vanished. i.onis is a mild, ea.sy, good nalnred man. The Pin|c ror, with his whim of making kings of nil his briitlirri. could not find one who would fall in with it. Ills si.td, secoiuleil him, for tlicy were devoured l?y ambition; Km on this point the men have always shown a firm anil i|i. lermined will. I.onis told him as much when he \. ;, setting out for Holland. "I will do what 1 like,"N,|.| the young king lo his lirotlier. " Let nie act freely ei |,| me remain here. I will nut go to govern a coimliy whir,' I shall be known only by disaster." 'I'lie emperor was absobiie in his will. He seiil I/itii. to Holland: the imforlunalr young man went In ix|<. peril nee a slow and erin 1 ;iL'i>ny among its canaU ji.i marshes. The greater pait of his present ailmeiils |ir . eeed from ,'liiit damp alnios|ihi're, particularly iiiiIiimIiIi; liir a child of the soiitii, like him. He obeyed, iiinl !, . w it!' was dcslinril ihere to fei I the keenest angiiisli : ii ; maternal heart « iis wrung by the (k'ath of her first liurii. — .Vrmniis of tin: Duleliesf l)'Aliiiiiilis,ji \G'>. NOTE TO CHAI'TER VI. The French make sad work with foreign pro(»r names. In llio account of Ihc depiilation lo I,,iiii., for liraceilzeii and Van Slyreau, we iiiiisl read Hr.inlmi and Van .Styreii. These errors, however, are imt inli» compared with the iiigeiiioiis inisl:ike of a Spaiii-lur iialist of till war of the succession, who conlrivn! i tiansmuto Tmrrtsetid \\\[o Tiiiirrnhrntlim, to Uic ;;i ., lerjiloxily of subseiiuent historians. ,y a valuabli luality. Ho is generous, benevolent :>••<'. alVeclionale. _ _ He is a good liiiher, and, if you cLcom-, he may be a NOTE TO CHAPTER VIH, good hu biiiiil Ills melancholy and ' is lasto for sludj While liuecn Horlcnsn was at the Hague, sliprt- and relireaii'iil tender him disn;.Teeelj;.. to you. Ilul, ceived as a. new year's present from her mollier, ;iniiii' let me ask yon, is ll.is his faull '/ Do y jii exneet I; ,iil niense chest filled with the choicest lay things tim Ic) chaii);!' liiH ii.itiire aecordiiiL' locircuiiistaiice.^ .' V. Iio ilic genius of Ciraiicher und (Jiroiiv ii.iiid inieiil could have foreseen his altered fordmu/ Von si.y he has not courage to maintain it ; but ilia* is a mi- lake. I should rather say he is not suited lo it. iV'illi liis secluded habits and his nncoiiipieiubln love of retire iicnl and .study, he is out of place in the elevaled sluliun to wliiili 1k' has been rais i. - dear; tliora.is nolhing uiiuivocal ill my alyle, us tie .i. in iiulhin ' uiicandiil i.i my liei>rl. How could you over imagine thai I iiliare cert., e absuril, or puiliaps i ilorniited opinioiiH < Surely yoii I {iiont believe thai I b i.k upon you as my rival VVt liolli ri Ij'ii over llio Kaiiiii lionri, bill by lilies very illllifenl, llimigli <.-'lul lo his graiidmaina, liir her liiiiil iiess ill sonding whatever she Ihoiigbl would givt'nl pleasiiru. " Indeed 1 am, inammit '. bul il does iiiil«ui-| piisu me. Slid is iiKvayHso good Ihat I uni imcil loi " Then you are not amused with all llieso prelty |ilii| tliingH /" ''Oil I yes, iiiaiuma, but" " Ibil »lnl " I uin very anxious ll.r somelhiiig else." "Miiiiw it, my child, depend upon my giving il lo you." "^u maniina, iiidi i d you wu'iil." " Do you wiiiit nim*! liir llie (Hior V " I'apii gave me noiiie llii» iiiorMiiii(: liavi) given it all iiw«y ulreiidy - I Wttiil"— "tin you know how iiiiieh I love you; you may be sure I «« lo begin the year by (ilnnning yon : tell inn, dailinr. »* do you wmh." " .Maniiiui, i want you lo let iiii 'ij about in ihat prelty mud m tliii aveiiun: llnit wiiliiinii llio more Ihaii any tiling Iso." Il may bu leuilily HiippoHcd that llio ipieeii iliiJ indulge tins Htrango wiiiiii 'if her son; il yaiiicii disiippointinent liir tho young prince, who eiMii|iliei |in'seri!ied should '11. u croup — a disi hill a lew niomeii iiiniMOiits are lost 11. iH the first who I irries oil' i:ifaiil I liiii lo llio gra ■I'llli-e to render I I.I .1 liiiiidreil oilier .V//f hy l/ie aiil/i NC I iirl, fiir the fir: lliivi ly Hoiiien of lb llii-i-ii Ml universally |{k.iiit mil the many liias .M. 111. .me de ||il:iiiie.i| style, she t fu'lio siirriiimded hi' evlr.iririlinary beam liiiibii': iii.iiiy woiii liiu'lii-r iiioiilh, or a Iiliiiii lo finer eyes lunillrness I'oinbiiied Jil In .Miidame de |l!irliii'. The kind , ■ill .ill liir iiiovem, III,; II 111 ler iliseovered ii piiiriil by the lend '"iilil mil fail to gi ll'H'li till' |i ast p„|„„ >lii'iili|ii'arid, as it w. plir til ling, as if ap Ijli" siiliji It of her ha fur Ini.sliiiiid wlioin » jiilinii, hv,, y|.|ir,, I, li'i'ii \>'rf ditlieiill to la any ciiiversalioii \ WiNiiiiti'ly plunged 111 pii iH'iirl to p,i,| in ■luiv.viT, iilivays npiM |l< Hilling any pleiis pill' III perceive tliall, ^irikiint a conlrast v Mriid as II in ^l(lall(l|i,|y._J/,.,„„,. m:\ MK.MOIUSOl' IKHITRXSK BICAlillAKNAIS. MT) ci;ssib!e lo anv iiiDri.' iii:rli!L|is Jilt I 111' li'VC! Ill' ill. Swell Is my ibiiiul. I iVuiiklv 1 calm yiim ,i|i. liive, or 111 Icnsi an exi'i'ti'Mircil ill llii'sr llinc ) inc. I luiidcrl} 1. cifjlilfon : siilisf. iciiranci; ol'iiii'ild II morose in a|i. le ri'srmlilxl Ihr il ill lieallli: lliiro the same ixym. iMiiieenol' Nii|]|i'« • iiniiualed liy liii slit'd. man. Tlir om|». r III! Iiis liri'tliii^ itii it. His t.\Am liy ambition: Inii i\vn a iinn um\ ili. icli when lie \. what I liUe," >.,il ne act freely er I.I rn a country ^^l;c^e ill. He sent Unlit man went In i-i\t- riiifr its eimiiU ami esent ailineiils p . tieularly nnlieallliv lie olieyeil, ;iiiil l.i- ■eiiest an);iiisli ; In ith lit' lier lirstlmiii. tJ,/) It).). R VI. ■ilh fiiraipn prupd | imtation lo I,. .kI read HriiiilMnl soon dried llio pretty mud uiid 'lie prince's lean i'liis cliild cvin oed a delerinined eharaelor, and a slronf lelliijeiil, il lasle for a mi lilaiy life; lie was extremely in- lid Hliowcd great i|iiickiies8 in every tliiiifr 'I'liia accounts for tlio groat par li'ili'l'v of Napjleon, who was deligli .vever, are ii' lUe of II Spi .1 lol* hli an. who conlriviil l'< nil, III, to llici!i"l| led with the idea of lielioliliiig him, horeiiflcr, worthy lo ho his successor. 'J'hc ilit'eusn which attacUed him was equally sudden amiviiileiil: .M.I.atour, first physician toKinfj Louis, paid iiiiii the most assiduous altention. It was unavailing: in a le«' hours the prince was lust to the nlVcctions of |ii,< niiilher. )lorlcnsc never quilted him for an instant : wliiii the hlow was at length struck, force was requisite 1,1 remove lier from the chamhcr of death. Her arms uerc clasped ahoul the chair in which she was seated, mid she clung to it with so much strength Ihat it was neiHSsary to bear her away as she sat. Her conijilcle iipalliV, '"■'' •''".'' "'"' h'arless eyes, and her painful liiealliing, excited the most lively apprehension. In vain was slie^reiiiindod of her son and of his sulVerings. \i. tiling seemed capalile of moving her lo tears, " which ali.i.e emild ulFurd uTieU" and her situation oonliiiucd ' iiiiijr ibat it was feared she must soon follow to the loiiib the child so tenderly beloved. At length when every possible means of bringing on a crisis seemed c.\- baiisled, a chamberlain whosu name 1 have forgotten, ilin'tted the curpt^e of the young prince to be placed in llio l:ip of his unhappy mother. The terrible sight rc- pliircil her lo u full sense of her learful calamily : she utlercil a piercing shriek, her arms lost their spasmodic (.hlliiess, and clasping to her breast the dear reniains of liir eliild, 11 Hood of bitter tears fell on those cold and I'.uicil clicks, which but a lew hours belbrc wore glowing iviili yiiulhful health. The iHieeii was out of danger from that moment; ovluiiisted, however, by such is)wcrfiil and rapid emo- tidiis, >lie fainted away, and adv;inlaye was taken of this i.|i|«ir''"idy to remove the reiiiiiins uf her child. A letter had lieoii dcspiilchod to Corvisart as soon as the young prince was taken ill, but the re,)ly of the '' ivlobraleil physician arrived loo laic : the remedies he i iirnserilied should have been uibniiiistered i'liiiicdiatHly, E^ Till) croup — a disease before eniiiely unknown — requires ' 'Mint a few monieiil; lo gain the mastery; if tlio.so lew , iiiiiiiieiils arn lost, all hope is at nn end. Corvlyarl iv.iH llie lirsi who studied tlin nature of a malady which earriiis oil' mfaiilM with such li'arful rapidity. 'I'liis Iiuiiiii to llio gratitude of every parent would alone V Millln' lo render Ins nieuiory glorious, wilhoul the alii |ul a liiiiiilreil other titles to wellearned iiiiniurlality. jVu/r III/ llic aullior J'ruin Mi in. uf Josrpliiiw, vol. 2. The Noii; TO ii.ii'Tiiu XI r. leror Alexander went to visit .Tnsepl the lOth of Ma and iliiied at Malm n. .^1 ic reiiiaiiK ill the saloon, notwilhstaiidiiig her acute bodily sntVeriiigs game at prison-bars A blister was applied between the .shouldi iinpisnis to the I'ect ; but, abisl it was Ino la lid si- ller dread- fill malady was making rapid and frightful strides. 'I'hi lis excellent woman, alwavs apprelu iisue ot' givin U VIII. It lie Hagui otbi ^1 ..l:iy thinu^ li.a| eould iinellt. whoso prei.wi iilly alnio..-l inil.i'l L' oV all the fubU'I a window i.|poiWiih |ill the preM'nl»lblMl, stantly lonkini! l»^ l|iiieii, ini|i NOTK TO ClIAI'. XI, I net, fur the first lime, al lliis party, one of the niosl \\v llnvily wiiineii of the court of Ijiieeii Horlensc : she has IIh'i.ii su iiiiiwrsally ri grelled, lliat lo name lur is lo lik'Hit nut llie many ipialities which adorned her: tlii- KM M, III. .1111' ill' line I . . . . 'I'liough dressed in the |ilaiiiisl style, she ap|»'ared to iiie to relipse nil Uiom' wlio Miriuiiiiiled her, not so niiK'li from possessing any I'^lrianliiiary beauty, or from imiueilialely allraeliug [lintiei': iiiiny woiiieu iiiight Isiast a prillier nose, a irr looiith, or a fairer colour; but none could lay II lo liner eyes; llicy were evpnssive of wil and atii'iili^^H|i.iill. iiess eumbiued ; and it was impossible lo Ih' in. In cteil, asl.eilU^P,.,| t,^ .Mail.ime ile llri>i', witlioiil li'iliiig an iiltaelimeiit Uit would give !•■ fbut it does nut ml III 1 um iiseil '»i'T |{ Iheso pretty I'l'l iliil wiial [ " Ml iiiiJ eUe." Ig il lo y you want iiioiisl 1 this iiioMuiH: want very fur lier luiA^||;ii' lii'i'. The kind of earelcKiiiess which she displayed II all lier moveini ills, gave her a |M'culiar charm which I 111 vcr iliseovered in any one i Ue. The iiilcresl she in. I'lirnl by the lender expression of he r eoinileiiance, Iriiiilil iml fail In grow into friendship, whenever she |.»>l( til.' |. avt pains lo encoiirago that Neniiinenl; but bilii'a|i|inirid, as il vvere, aii.vions to liy from every ten Ur ti. Iiii._r, as if apprelieiisive of bei..g' diverled I'roiii III ■ siiliji 1 1 of her h.ibitiial inedilatloiis — ihe iiiemory ol ||. r liiisliuiiil wlioiii she had lo^l, lo Ihe Ih'sI of my reeiil. M.iii, l\V(i vcars hclore thai p< riisl, Il v .nild lia\'e fi'i'ii very ilillieiilt In inlrodiiee mirth itiid I'hrerfuliii'HK any I'.Miversalion with lier; ne>ei||irU'si, hIh was ml bilMhli'ly plimgcd in melancholy ; she would even make il.irl to join ill Hociul CMU\ersntii.ii. Uer smile, PI...1.1IT, iilways np|H:ari'U constr.iined ; and no far from t VI iiini! any pleoiture, Il was ahiioHt painful in any pnr t.i i«ri live that lliey had provoked il ; il liirim il tcsi Itiikmii K eoiilrast with a pliysiogiioiny which niiglil HI' Miiul as n model for poiliaying IIm' I'liniie ol I'l.iiiilinly.— J/tOKd'H uf tli\: i'.'wi;(ii.'J ^uar^/iliif, vol, '.', IV be siirel |.|| iii'p.dailini!. yilU lo III nil ' liiie: llial will ill"' [ llio queen I ; il win n t" lln. eiilll|"l ■ lull, tli«1 III iinliiH* III'* bnya. t'uilmulf which she ciideavonred to resist. was jilaycd afler dinner on the handsome lawn before the palace; she ;itti'nipted to take part in il; but her streiiglli liiiled her, and she was under the necessity of silling down. Her altered countenance was noticed by every one; (o the most anxious enquiries she replied with a smile, that a little rest would restore her slrcnglh ; every one ill fad, retired with the hope that she would find herself better the next mnrning. With a view to calm the uneasiness cfcilcd iiy her state of health, she attcmiited lo take her usual walk ; bnt her illness assumed a serious turn, and she was brought back to her apartment in a condition which ex- cited great alarm. The symptoms did not improve in the course of the day; she had rcpciited liiintings. The night was still worse; she was already attacked with a kind of delirimii; her mind was much agitated; she spoke much, contrary to Ihe physician's express recomincndation. On the 5 Ith of May (it was on a Friday) she awoke with a severe pain in her throat. The king of I'russia and the Kmperor Alexander were expected to dine that day at Malmaison. Finding Ihat her majesty had a slight attack of li'ver, M. Horean insisted upon her re- maining in bed, and avoiding the least cold, the more : . as, having liikeii a pnrgiilive iiiedieine, her exposure tc the iiir might he iitlendc'd with .serious danger. As lb. empress did not sum disposed to follow his advice, he deemed it proper to appeal lo Madame d'Arherg's inllii- ence ; and this lady ciideavoiiied bi obtain a promise from her iiiiijesty tlnit she should not rise from her bed. All was in vniii ; Josephi'.e insisted upon dressing as usual, and dcseending fr'iin her apartiiieiit in order lo do the honours of her Ine.isc to the allied sovereigns. She sat down lo tiiblc, a^^.stl d at the court circle ; bill at husl In I' siitVeriiigs iuereasi (I to such a ibgree, that she wa" fireeil lo retire, and re piestcd of liuecii Horteiue to sup- ply her place. From that moment hi r illness assumed a very serious and alariiiiiig turn. The next . He llioii;,hl il would be ail\i>,ible lo upply imniiiliali ly Iweiity-liu' k echi s on the hack of the lieek and between the sin.iildrrs. lie woiilil not how. ever take upon himself Ihe res|ioiisiliilily of so violi iit a icmeily ; a niisseiiger was seiil to I'aris ill search of M. Il.neaii; some lime i l.ipsed before he eoiild he found: he arrived al l.ist, and nothing cuuld exei id his ilislr.ss of mind whin he liiiiinl her majesly iiui eeiidili.iti win. Ii \i[\ but very I'.iinl hopes of her recovery. She was feelly colleeled, but spoke with great ditfnully. looks sei iiieil lo qiie.Htinn M. Iloriaii who nttempteil vain to disguise Ili.* altln lion. She pressed his liaiiti lo pro\e to hi III Ihat she was fiillv aware .if her dani'ii : iiiil she displayed in llial dnailful niomeol all the courage which wii^ to be evpei led from In r well known ehurneli i, M. Iloreiu I oiiHulltd willi M. Iiamoiiieuiu. the pliysi. eiaii N\'lio had been ealled in; Ihe latti r sIiiImI >i U'i his opinion thai the iippheation of lieelies iiiii;lii lii.. saved the eiiipres.^ . but he had not \inliirril r. r(-«ir' lo this reinedy wiUn.iil tin pnvloiis appiolialimi i.i' lier ii!.ije»ly's regiil.ir pliy..i. i.iii. •' Why, »ir, esckiiimd lln lulli i, in a ciini' like llii \ou oHchI ii»t lu liavo \v.iltid I'm ini- , tile loMi of two hour* in Rilul." liii lo those she loved, abstained I'roiii all ciimpi look every remedy tlnit was pi escribed, and by her j lainl, iitle and alfectionate looks endeavoured to calm the fears of those who surrounded her. She was informed Ihat Rcdoute, the cel.'hrated painter of llowers, whose talent she ailmireil, was at Malmaison, w here he came to paint two hi aiilifiil gri en hinise plants: she expressed hy signs her w isli lo see him. As soon as he appeared, she held out her hand to him, and then gently forced him back, saying that she was alViiid her complaint might he contagious. " Xi \t week," said .lo- sephine, "I trust I shall see you \\-orkiii; at some fresh iiiasli -piece." During the night, from the 27th tr I'le i2Mh, she fell into a le'hargic shep which lasled rive hours. At ten o'chick in the morning M. lionrdoi^ arrived. He agreed with M. Horean that she was past .ill hope, and iliemed it )irnptT to prepare Queen llorlense and the vice-roy, who, alarmed at the lapid inroads made upon that idolised countenance which liny wcie conlemplatiiig with an al- ways increasing a]iprehcn:v,oii, made her prepare tor re- reiving Ihe sacranienls, and sent for the curate of Kucil lo admiiiister the rites of the church. lie was from home; and she eonlesscd to the |irceeptor of Ihe young princes of Holland who, though a priest, had long ceased to exercise his clerical functions. She answered with great dilliciilty, as her tongue was graduallv re'n 'i..^ io perform its finiclions ; but her counteiiani 'isi i.ne of its ealni and benevolent expression. The I'liiiperor Alexander arrived at Main .isnr; Jo- sephine appeared to revive on seeing his iiiiij -ly, .mil east a look of gratilude upon liiiu. rrinec I'aiL ne iiod tjiieen llorteiise knell niiiv their mother's bed, in I '•"- eeived her blessing. 'I'liey uerc bolli unable lo 'drcsc a single w'ord lo the emperor; their sobs alone ga\ iif- lerance to their grief " .\l least," said .losephine with an expiring- voice, " I die ri'grelled ; I have always de- siri'd Ihe happiness of France, and have done every tiling in my power to promote il ; I may say, with Irulli, in the presence ofyoii all who now attend my dying iiiomeiils, Ihat the fnsi wifi' of .\apoleoii has never cau>eil a single tear to tlinv." TIii'M' were her last words, and the net day, •Jlllli of M:iy, at half aller ek'veii in the njorning her siitfirings were at an end, and those of her family past all remedy or cousolalion I Miinoirf of Josrjtiiiiir, vol. Xiilr (if lliirlriisr- In Ihr, Coiiiil ilr In (•'iirilr, I fiiiiii llii' ml- iecliuii of Hiiniiiiii'fS tiiiiivj-vd in tin- lln^lisli filttiiin.) I owe yon a Ihoiisiiiid liniiiks, my dear sir, for the ehariniiig iimiiiiirr/i you have sent me. I had already set lo music some of llieiii w liicli lii.d t'allen aci iili iitally in my way lietine I knew their null r. I am grallfied hy tin pleasure of your aequaintanee, and Ihe oppc'tiiiiily f tilling you how iniieh I mil Ihilbrid by your ih.hle- uess ill pr. paring siieli a delightful colleetion. V.-.ir two ollii r proiliiitii.ns wire riiiil ,\ ith deep inleresi Ihey dis. play iil.ililies, u liieh, although a wennaii. I i an justly iip. priei.ile, fnr wliatcvir is deeply lilt is iilways within our eoiiipr. bein'.ioii. \\ ilh this note yon will reciive ii book of my own ro- muiii-iK, which I pray von to accept as a reiin ii.braiice. I.il it express ihe pleasure I Iihm derived from your poeiii", and my hi nlinienls of siiicrn' I'sleem and respect. riir MlK'EI.I.A.\Kot S. AnxioiiK thill I ctnuuld pxape the illihetal i. inarkfi nf my iiviirhbuiirs on kiv Hunt of know IijiI){P ol ibe world, mv iimll'ier propiiM>d Ihnl wo hIhuiIiI inuve lo another a|Mii»K>nl; I inotaullv agreed, jiiiI we pioeeeditl to llmt tat which the t)«Mdfille of Hie prim • sses was suid lo be giniig on (Vi riiM;liiii(r a door thiit was beset willi eiMii|Hiiiy )ioini; i> «« out, I wiix on n sudden ,.e|>nrntt'il liimv my niotliei 4*h1 rarnutj lo '»nn dislanee Ham linr, willioiit bavins '* m my |m«iu lo join hera(;iiiii I was qiiito hesijr myKelf: uttj uiiconsc'"ii» nf wlial I was doing, I mk m »> i»tn«k, and nenrrli. for her in .\erv i:oriier 'il tht- *|iiirtiiieiil which I hml foiinil sn iiiiK'li ilifUnjIly ill leni hingt nmible lo rcstr.iin iny iigi'ni- ciilH-uliints, I questioned every one I nitil, and called eiil " Where IS my mainmii ! have yoii seen my tn»i«'>».» '" The ga/nig iinilliliide laughed at n;y di^lttiss >""' o" I wud a iivrfwl tliuiijjui in thu jilaw;, wot) uno |itiMKtl niu ■ll >.• '''''> -"ii ;,'lt^ k |»;l X i-i ^•^^ ^r gis; rs^'i 176 MFHIOins OF IIORTEPfSE BRAIIIIARNAIS. ■•. *■ A. r ' ^ i » *>\'' ■: f ..'Z'lii..' '. jf ^- ■i »-■■ in .%•>.■ :h witliniit Mliciitiif a wuril; at hst, al'lor a low iiioiiiuiiis of iiiduscrihalili". aiiortutio servico ren- dered ill a more obliirlnu maniKT. We went over viirious iiiiJiiJiii'^nts ; and whilst I was scekiiijr in every corner lor llio oliject ol' my en- quiries, two black doiiiinuseanie up to inc. One ol'lliniii Eaid, that 1 no doubt had a coi|iicttish inotivi' lor taking' off my iimsk, since it was usual iiir those who wore that uiipreleiidinir cosdinie, to preserve it llio whole even- ing. — '• Cucpiellishness indeed I would that I were lar I'roni here; lor 1 tan assiiio you, that I have not I he Binallest ilrsire ol making a conquest in this place." '• Is it possible yini do not enjoy the scene, yon, made- moiselle, who are so lively and so Ibiiil ol' daneiiig'" re. joined the litlle mask, layin^r hold of my arm. " Nol 1 indeed ; have I not lold you ihiit I have liad a surfeit of it.-' I am scekintr tijr my niolher, and your qiiesti'ins Iiavc no other ert'ect than to heifrhten my distaste tor this futigning ball. I meet with nolhing to-day but an- iioyance from every one." " iNevertheless 1 am deter- mined not to part with you so soon. Are yon going to. morrow to the concert of tiueen Ilortense V " 1 am indeed, to my sorrow ; if that party should bo as enter- taining and agreeab'o as this one has been to me, I shall have passed u very pleasant week !" — I ntlered the last words with increased peevislini'ss ; and forcing myself aw*y from the domino, who seemed to have at heart to torment me, 1 dragged M. (iazani along to an- nther part of the saliwn, where 1 at last found my mo- ther. .\l. Gazani, atler bestowing a lew inonients to iho recital of my unlucky advenlure, told iiie that he believed I had made an egregious mistake, by the harsh repliei. 1 had just given. " 11. iw is this ?" I hastily asked; " I do not be.'iove 1 have been guilty of any mistake.' "i really suspect, madcinoiselle, that the domino you have so roughly trented is the queen of llolhmd." " That, indeed, '.vould give the tiiiishing siroki) to my inisad- ventuics." "I am coiitident tb.il it was the queen's voice and address." I wished to persuade myselt' that lie was wiong ; but that ill-disgui.sed lone ol' voice re- Houniled in iny ears, and 1 was unable to dispel a feel- ing of uneasiness, which 1 vainly attempted to eomijat, and which incrc.ii'd my anxiety to willnlraw from the place where so many unpleasant circuiiistances had, with unerring fatality, assailed me. We were iinihie to overtake .M.pdame Foy, whose lialjii of iippearing at masked bulls, together with her graceful aiul lively wit, enabled liei to take a priMiiinenl part ill the scene, and to intrigue with any one upon wlioiM she coiidescciKii.d to bestow atlentiuii. We there- took our departure without waiting lur her. » » ♦ A\e reached the residence of fjueen Ilortense at a late hour, our hnnible eqnip.igc having founu some ditli- cull\ III niakiiiL' its way tlirougli the elegant earri.iges whim choked up the sliVet. I'roiid ot the livery which was a badge ol' their dependence, the <;aaeliineii, e.vult- ingly hoi. ling the reins wliieli duel ed the fiery ardour of a handsd.ne pan of horses, were lavish of llieir jokes and antei-hanilier wit, tiio character of wliicli was liir too sublime to bo uiiih rstoi .1 hy llu modest driver of wreteheu hacks, that had hccouie worn nut i'l Iho ser- vice of the pub.,c. The repialcd lislie- .iiiiieil ut them bv the proud carnage drivers wore iiisullieieut to oxtri- cutc 11. fr.Hii our eiiibai;issnieiil. We were upwards ol an hour ,11 reaching the gatcw.iy, where it bi^caine ne- cessary l(ir us to alight. I'orlunalely, liov.ever, tin weather was very line, innl we reieleil the hall wilhout ciieouiileiiiig the accident I so much li.e.iiled, on acroiint of .iiy while 1.1. ..e-i. We were indeed ^i irnd at by the |K)r(rr and footniaii, with a slight oniotioii of conteiniil, u-liicli Lfoiiglit tin colour to my I'll, eks; but this wound \n my HI ll lo\r was ,o kimiii dm r that I had already re- cuvervd li'om It bofoto wo tcaclicU tho top of Uio ulair- 'I'lii' mliKiiis wcro Aill of rnmpaliy, ind tho piano- forte was ill (be apiirtuii nl where Iho queen had station- ed liori"! If. 'I'lial apurtmenl could only bo reac.bnd by poKsing tlirougli several others, hy elbowing men loadud with de.iiratioiiH and einbioiilered dresses, and ladies glittering 'n tho splendour of their attire. 1 trod iiikhi some, got ( n'.angli'd with the liaiids.Mno fringes ol otIicrH, eurtsoyiitif all the whili' t.i those I linii met at Mttlnaison ; 1 lei' tliul I wis liolinviiig awkwardly, and e»(K>rioiiei'il the utmost enibnrrasK.ii"iil niid nneiisiuess, which i^reully increased as I npproiirhed Mie queen I U'camo ut la.st cnniplctcly diH.oiiceited. What she told iiin wan ai'«uridly not culculnud Ig rostoro my k; It'- possession, as the reader will now have an opportunity ofjuilgiiig. "(iooJ evening, mademoiselle; arc you in bolter temper than yesterday? I must tell you that you do not shine at a masked ball. You will ask liow that hiippciiod ? Well, then, I went up to speak to you, and you replied in a tone of Inirsliness and ill humour, which is certainly foreign from your usual manners." '• Madame, I was at u loss to lind my mollier,'and I ac- knowledge — " "Yes, I know it; nevertheless, that wiis not a motive for treating nie as you did.'' " I was un- conscious that your majesty Imd coiiilescendcd — " " Uii- qucsliunably you could not guess who I was; it is an excellent lesson for the future, which will, I trust, in- duce you to bo always obliging to every one; I am distressed at yesterday's occurrence; I only came up liir the purpose of countciianeiiig you; and it must be owned you cannot be accused of having met mc hall way. Diit to the fact. The genlleiiiau who attended iiie was anxious to bccomo acquainted with you ; he knows my mother's paitialily lor you, and wisiied to discover how far her taste was correct, lie could only do .so by aseorlaiiiing your incntul ijualitics, by forming some notion of your manners, and, in short, by not being satisfied with beholding a pretty face. You did not, however, set oti' tlio.sc (jualities to advantage. You may judge of my mortilic!ltion at the touo you assumed; liir tins domino, whoso curiosity was so much excited, was no other than .... the uiii|icror." I was overpowered at tho.so words; for I must own I could not disguise from myself that I had never been so disagreeable as on the occasion of the ball of the pro- ceding night; nevertheless, at no other time euuld I have been more ambitious of shining, in order to jus- tily the attentions that wore shown to mo. To have failed ill proving myself worthy of the protection of the empress, appeared to me a mark of ingratitudo as heinous, on my part, as if it had been intentional. The emperor must have liilt surprised iliit so much kindness should be bestowed upon a person who could only ap- pear in his sight un ill-nianiicred girl. When the i)uceu luund that my comitonancc began to ;issuiiio a character of the most painful oiiiotioii, she iddrcssed a lew kind words to me, w ilh her accustomeil gnirefulness of manner, and assured me that she had s:w\ to the empeior whatever was calculated to sollon down the nnfnourahle impression occasioiicil by my ill-timed rougliness of behaviour. Ho bad greatly en- joyed an openness of nianner to which he was no longer .iccusloined, and of which all trace Win obliterated, ex- cept in the ciiinp, where his soldiers retained it in tlieii iiilercourto with him; he was far from fiii hei .M. Ilroiiel is indnhlrd for Ifo rnpnl roputiilion liP ne- quired iii Taria and aflorwrrdi in every city iii Euro|io. 'I'lic haiidsonio Ibrtuno which be now possesses he oucj entirely to the queen's favour; .M. Prouel may li^j forgotten this, like many others lo wlioin she extcnJcJ her assistance. I always feel happy in recording iniii, of goodness in anyone connected willi Josephine, and | congrutulalo mysi'lf on calling such matters lo there ineinbrancc of those who happen to forget them. I afterwards learned .M. Drouet was far from bpin, so muritorious as wo imagined : he indeed lived tviti| his liilhcr and sister ; but tho one acted llic part ol lnj servant, while tho other was his cook. An acquaint. a nee of mine calling once upon liini, surprised liinut dinner with his sister waiting upon him at the back of his chair, and ills old fulher biusliing iiis boots In i!;( anteclianiher. On hearing Ibis I was .sorry at whalwr had done I'or liim ; but after all, it is belter tolicil,c dupe of a good heart than to sulfur suspicion to clirci: every generous impulse. I can never regret the rr,;. dulity which, though it may often have subjected i;,, to odious imposition, lias more often proved to mc j source of gratilicalion. — Mcmoiri of the Empress Jj. sepliiiie, vol. 2. PORTRAIT OF HORTENSE. Hortense de Bcauliarnais was at tliis time seventotn years old ; she was fresh a.s a rose, and thougii her fair complexion was not relieved liy much colour, she li-,( enough to produce that freshness and bloom which wa her chief beauty; a profusion of light hair played in silkt locks round her sofl and penetrating blue eyes, 'i'lwdf', licatc roundness of her figure, slender as a palm ircp, was set off by tlie elegant carriage of her head ; lirr lin were small and pretty, iter hands very wiiite, with imii: well rounded nails. But wiiat formed the chief atlraiiinr: of Hortense was the grace and suavity of lier nianiii!. wliicli united the Creole nontlmlnncc with tiic vivaeilvu: France. She was gay, gentle, and amiable; she had \n, which, without tlic smallest ill temper, had just iibI.m enoiigli to be amusing. A polished and well coiidin!,,; education had improved iier natural talents; slieiln,! excelleritly, sang harmoniously, and performed adiiiiri. bly in comedy. In l8Ut) she was a iharming younir L'ii; she atlcrward liecame oneof tiie most amiable priiur . of Euro|H'. 1 have seen ninny, both in their own . ,.1 :, and in Paris, but I never knew one who had any \\u. lensi.ins to equal talimts. Sin; was beloved by every i;', tboui;ii,of all who surrounded her, her mother seeiiini ■ be the lenst conscious of her ottractions; I do not im, to say that she did not love her, hut certainly she din 1, 1 I \press that degree of iiiaternnl ntlcction which H.irliih? di' Ueniiliarnais merited. Her brother loved her lenikr ly; the llrst consul looked upon Iter as his child; anil 11 was only in that eountry so fertile in tlio inventions «' senndul llint so foolish an accusation could lia\e bttt iiiiigini'd, as that any feeling less pure than piUniii alVeeliiin actuated his rondiiet towards lier. 'I'lie vii calumny met with the eonlempl it merited, and isno» only remembered to Ih' confuted. MtmiifS of ihr, Diilchfti D'/46ranto, ;i. 318. Alii'anie Campnn relates an anecdote of the diilclitiil at 11 priv lie tbiiitrienl represenlntion at the selioel-l The dutch, ss of St. I.en played Esther, the part nl'Kiul w;is siipporli ll by the inleresting mid unl'ortuimie .Mi-f dame lie llroe. '1 he;- were iiniled hy the same iiiiifeniiittj of nge and iiidinnlions, the same mutual friendsliiii, ul are i.tlribnted lo the ehnraeti'rs ill Kaeine's drama. ' • |Kdi'oii, who was then consul, his generals, ministers, wil other prineipii! persons in the state, attended the nprel sintulion. The prince of Orange was also ohwofiil there, whom the liiqie of seeing Hidliind once iiiiire, ?nil of re-eslnblisbing tile rights of his house, had, al mil pi'riod, brought lo France. Tiie tragedy of EsiIht vuil IK'rforiiied by Hic pupils, with Iiie dioruscs in iiiiioleoii, leiiiiiiiei'>I wiirds Maduiiie ('ninpnii, askeil the euiise of this nciltl lion, "The prince ol Orange is here," said lir ; "k<| IMTceived miinelhing in llie verses which have just lifrti sung, ap|>liie«l>le 'obis wislius and Hitiialion, and e.itiMirtl reslrain h» li nrs.'' 'I'lie eonsiil hud already ilillirill views: "'JVIial is said iiImiii) retiirnin)r home does n*! apply In hiin, liowcver," a«id he. I'll' .ir nil NiMniRi or iioaTii««a ■t4i ^^mwm nm^rn®^ mm^wwm^^im^ mmmBi^m^^ VOIi. I. PIlILAUELilMlIA, AIMIIL '4, 1833. >o. l-i. IMtlNTBD ASP PrHLi8HKl> DY AllA.M W'AI.IMI'I, \(i. li, .NuHTii l-^iiiiriil .^inKtT, rKii.AiiEi.i'iiiA — .\t ,v.» tui' .'r.' lniiiiin 1-, iiiij'alilij ill aiUaiK-f. — ]{ 4, (J. s. wool), I'KiNTUKs AMI I'lniHiiiEKs, Nkw ViiHK, ( ( I'llliO.Sl.X N. WHO!) (•■■ I 11. l!i,ci;i.~i:i,i.iu.i, IIai.i i.^mu:, Biile Agi'lils anil ruliliiiliiTS <"' Hi" »lalc of New York and all the New I^iiglaiiil slalc.i. j ) Solo Ari'IiIs I'oi llio stales ,11' Jlaryliiii,!, Vlrgliini, anil Ohio, ami the tr.y iil' \e\v OilialiH. BKING A NAKKATIVE OF HIS KKSIUENCE AT VIENNA DCnlNO THE C0NQIIE8S. "Kiilin 1'licure snnne, I'l iles plaislrs, iiilcr|irelei! aitssi hiii'iTi's nni' -aiii'i' erIalttiiH de."' dl.^|ioslIiiin« iiiiitiielli'M le«|ihi^ liieiiveillaiile..', inlr-iilinneiil caieiiielit les arbines di'w de(*liiii''i's de rKiimiii' dans le taiirniairi' oii flics vulll elru ducideud Le Culigres em oliveit." l.M. HE I'RAllT. First American cditiont PREFACE. The .ip[icaJaiicc in the " liihrary" of the following work, bcinff its first publication in America, affords one prixif anions others which wo havo already given, and shall licrealler continue, that all of the most piquant European books are not iiiiiiiediately seized on by the usual caterers for the public. It ap|)carcd as a translation in London about a twelvemonth since, and was received with such avidity as to e.\huust the first edition in a few weeks. We have already suggested that the author is ]iiolial>ly the Count dt la Garde, to whom we are indebted for the Memoirs of Hortcnse — that lie possessed unusual opportunities and I'lialifieations. and has used his advantages so well as to be enabled to indite an amusing volume, and give lively pictures of fiishionahlo society, none can doulit af- ter perusal, ('ould we with a wish enlarge some of his details, and render his sketches full lengths, we should he tempted to do bo. In his preface the author rc- niarks: — " If any apology were rciiuisite for a. pulilieatimi of facts and incidents which took place at a isriod al all rcinuli, it sliould rest chielly on the prevailing taste among the reading world lor works in the I'orin of me- moirs and aiieedotieal reeoUeetioiis. " It is hardly possible indeed not to look back with in- terest to the annals of a [leriod pre-eminently entitled to the deniimination of u great one, and in no respect less rciiiai'kahlu than tlio times of Fvriclcs, Augustus, Leo X, and Louis XIV. " It is precisely when objects fit for the page of his- [ tory have receded from the sii'lit, without being quite lost to it, that the scrutiny of the past may be entered into witliimt the inllueilei' mI" j'.-..s.ii ju and pp'jiidiee, and I without the bias of personal feiliii;/, so that an impartial nnd anthi'iitie survey may with eoufideneo be laiil before : llic public. "The sketches relating to tho congress of Vienna which bore follow, though ombraeliig many curious facts and remarkable events, are intended as an introduction 1 to a more exlensivc work on tho sumo subject, wliich I may at a fiiliire day lay liefore the public. An nniiilerrupted st ly of several months in Vienna, Iduriin; the inemorable period ol which this work will I treat, had opened to me u field of observation, iVom whence I I liiive gathered materials not within the reach of every |«{H'i'taliir of the great drama of which that capital was iiuade the principal scene. irciimslanees and localities Imtli combined in nf- Irurdmg jH'euliar facilities of remark to one situated as it IwMH my ||Uod fortune to 1h'. Each day seemoil to pass Iwitli the rapidity of a miiment, and each moinent was iFrtili in iiKidenlH worth the experionco of an age in ' |diiKiry llini's. " It was under the aiispinuH of mv relutivn iiiid lllii: Venerable Ulaisliul I'rinee de liigne, that I ); |«ici'M< til every thing tliai was worthy of m.lice. llAiik and station, his seniority of age, his iiiilit.iry anil llilirarv i elelirlty, luid tin personal frieiiilsliip niid esti'iin (wi'li vvlnrli ho was hiiiiniiruil by all the soveroiglis us- ii'iiilili'il in VieiiiMi, ami other illiiKlrlnii^ i«'rsiiii.iges, piiT linn ri nnivi'i-o- vereigns tiealing with each elherlike brothers, as Catha- rine tlio (jreat wished they slionld, amicably adjusted their little /r/mi/i/ n//(ii)s; and >St. rieirc's philosophic dream of a general peace seemed to be realised. lieliire 1 introduee the reniler to the (hainalis jurixiiuc who figured at the congress, a brief sKeleh of the scene of aclion will not perhaps be deemed siiprrlUiMis. Vieaiia is situati d on a plain suironudi d by pii liin (.quo liilLs. The Danube, uliieli iiilerseels and partially sin- rounds this jilaiii, br.iiielies ulf in varieiis din etion.s, and tliiis tiirms several little i-linds, on llie iiiesl soulln rii of which the Ausfriun capital is buill, Viuiiia eonsi.~ts of two distinct portions: first, the city, wbieli, In iiig em ir- eled by walls, bastions, and a dry ditch, is ubsolutely a fortress; and, second, tlie suburbs, wliieh are tnrrouniU ed by a line of circimivallation, with barriers at the en- tries, and are separated IVeni the city by a glacis, en which several pleasant proineiiades are f'l rnieil. Tho most siHitberii suburb, called I.eopoblstadt, is delaehed from the town by one of tlie branches of the river. The population of Vienna is estini:;t:i'J il was nii- sneeesslully lu-siegcd bv the Tuiks; but in l.'iS.'i the \'i/ir Kara ^Instaplia would have nudonbtedly lieeome nuisler of it, had nut Jubn Sobieski, with his I'oles, inarched lo the aid of Leo)..ild. From that time, during the sueees- sive reigns of Joseph I., Charles IV., INIariu Theresa, .lo- sepb 'I., Leojiold II., and the present emperor, publin liiiildiiigs and useful institutions have nuiltipliid beyond caleulalion. Ill 17:iT \'ienna was tlireati ned with siegu by the French; but the ilangir was averted by the treaty of Leidien. 'I'hc French, however, beeanie masters of' the place in 1.S(I3; and again in ISDi), af\er the victory gained by NaiKileon over Areliduke Charles. Since that limo tho Anslrians, convinced of the iiniKissibilily of etrectnally dt'f'ending a city commanded mi all side,>, have cmivcrted its ramparts to more tr.inqi.il and agree- able Uses Ihuii those for which tluy were originally des- liiied, Tho streets of Vienna ore ns narrow as those in tliu towns of Italy; ' 111 the h.vises of many persons of rank are magnificent, and not inferior to the palaees of Fhi. leme. Vienna is in liiel quite milike the rest of (Jer- maiiy, except in a few nhl buihlings, wliieh recall rceol. lections of'tlie middle ages. l)f llicse, the most reiiiarkablo is llie Tower ol St. Slepben, wliieh majestically rears its head above a'l tbo other rbiiri lies of the city. It waH commenced iu the year ll44, by Margravo Ilcnry I', and it is said that its completion occupied two centuries. This veiierahic strncture is in some measure conneclcj with the history «( .\ustria. The tomb of rriiire Eiigeno is erected In the elinpel of the Holy Cross, wliieh foniiH part of St. Stephen's Tower. Vienna contains some good squares. On the (iralieii is erected a nionuim tit in eomiiiemoration of the ns.sa. lion of the plague, which ravaged the city in Uiili and St. Joseph's S'piare is adorned v illi nn eqnestri in sinluo of the pliiliisiipbic piiiiee whose name il bears, ami whoso iiieinory will live eternally in the hearts of bis vubjeets. There are, besides, iiniiiy n tiinrkaWe nioniiinents of an- tiquity iiiid art, which I will note in eomieetlon with tlin eireuiiistanecH I am nlioni to di'seiibe. A friend of mine had resided fiir some years at Vienna; and on mv arrival ul his niagiiifieeiit residence, llie Jie. gir7.eil, 1 Ibiiiid all the cimi/mi wliich he had brinighl from his native country in rcalily as well as in imiiie. Afler giving vent to the first i tVuhions of iVn ndsliip, u tiavclkr (uiik.^F, indeed, he bo uiie of llic iiKinmUvc nfo- ''Vji-: 'iW: '■( Ivii:'.*:^ , .'I,'' mm: 178 JOURNAL OF A NOBLEMAN m ..?;v I ; I * cics inentioncd by Stcrno) will nlwnys be impatirnt to enjoy a night's rest. I accordingly betook inysell'to bctl as early as I conlii, full of the joyful anticipation of be- coming a s|K.'Ctalor in a scene to which history presented no parallel. As I shall in the next chapter introduce my relative, the Prince de Lignc, I will here give tlie reader a slight sketch of his history. Charles Joseph, Prince do Lignc, who was born at Brussels in 1735, was descended from a family celebrated in the history of the Netherlands for several centuries. He entered the army in 1752, and made liis first cam- paign in 1757. In 1758 he wis engaged at the victory of lloehkirehcn, and gained liis rank of colonel on the field of battle. He was made a major-general at the core- nation of Joseph IL, and he liad the honour to accom- pany that sovereign on his interview with Frcderici' II. in 1776. In the following year he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. On the conclusion of peace he returned to France. His amiable character and cliival- rous manners rendered him a great I'avourite at Versailles, where ho had already made a distinguished figure in 175.1. Queen Mario Antoinette received him with mark- ed condescension. At Versailles he became acquainted with the Marchioness de Coigny, to whom he addressed, from the banks of the Boristlienes, the most remarkable I>ortion of his correspondence. When ho was sent to Russia, in 17^3, his talent and fine person distinguished him among the courtiers of the Empress Catharine. She made him a field-marshal, and permitted him to accom- pany her on her journey to the Crimea. Joseph II. hav- ing eoullrred u|ion him the rank of general of artillery, he joined Prince Potcmkin, who was then besieging (_).,..„- kow. In the folliiwing year ho took the command of a corps of the Austrian army, and shared with Laudon the glory of taking Belgrade. This was the close of his mili- tiry career. The revolution of the Netherlands deprived him of hi^ properly; a misfortune which lie bore with mo.t philosophic fortitude. The Kmi)cror Fran'is made him a captain of the Trabans in lf<07, and a marslial in 1808, and he always presided at the eoimeil of the order of Maria Theresa. In tlie latter part of his life he de- voted hiniself entirely to literary occupation. Dis col- lected works arc published in thirty volumes. ]\l.iny of them have attained considerable celebrity, particilarly those in which he describes the events of which hi! was a witness, and the distinguished individuals he intinialely knew. My grand-uncle, the Marquis de C * * *, having mar- ried a Princess de Lignc, I have the honour of In ing allied to that Illustrious family. Whfu I first went to Vienna, in 1807, the prince received me as a relative, and introduced luc at court and every where as his cousin. At subsequent periods when I visited Vienna, he invariii- bly treated me with parental kindness. 1 always listened to him with deep interi'st when ho conversed about (he good old time, of which he had seen so much, and In' took pleasure in storing my mind with his excellent ad vice, and the fruits of his long experience. CHAPTER n. Lcr 1 (fl — Eiijrrnc nr.Tnhnrnnis— rmptToi Ali'n:in.lt'i— King nf Prii!*;*!.'!— Knipurnr nf All^r^tn— Klni£ m Ra- van-"— Kniii "f DiMitnark — Kin;t of WiriFniburii—Criiicc Umv.iI (It" U'iiiuinlitiri!,:oul til" Durclirsa nf (Xiliiihuiy— Pnnco Royal (if Bii\iiria, nuil Ins bn.iIiLM- rriiicc CtmrlfH. Ilr. Johnson somewhere says, in allusion to the great wall of Cliina, that tl e grandson of a man who has seen it has Si lint! reason to I)e proud nf the circumstance. Thi", I think, is an exaggeration no less oriental than the object to which u rel'ers; and the remark might, per. haps, with more justice be applied to great men and memorable cviiits. For mj- own [urt, I miisl ronfess 1 am proud of having been at Ihi Congress of Vienna; tor though I liarieiu'( il t'rom him. — " Von have come just at the right moment," said he. " All Europe is here; and if you «rc fond of fetes and balls, you will liuve enough of tlicm, 1 promise you ; for dar'cing is the chief business at the congress. There is absolutely a royal mob here. Every one is exclaiming yifice/^HS/ic-".' eijuilibri um ! in- ilcmnily! Who is to clear the chaos and stem the torrent of pretension, I know no'. As for me, I am a quiet looker-on. At any rate, all the indemnity I shall ask for is a new hat: for I have \vorn one out in bowing to the sovereigns, whom I mc( t at the corner of every street. But in spite of Robinson Crnsoc," — thus the Prince de Mgnc nicknamed Napolion, in allusion to his abode at the Isle of Elba — " a general peace will be concluded by the representatives of the nations of Europe, who now unanimously exclaim redniit aima luiitv." While he was questioning me aliout Paris, my family, iiiy journey, and my projects, a servant came in to in- form him tli.it his carriage was ready. " Come and dine with me to-morrow," said )io, " and in the evening we will go to the Ridotto, where reason wears the mask of folly. I w ill show you all the curiosities of the great figured tapestry. You will sec many people you have known in other places, and jou will be convinced that if Austria has ever been conquered, it is not in hospitality." 'I'hc prince kept up the old fashioned practice of dining early, and I accordingly arrived at his residence, on the ramparts, nbont four o'clock. We were soon summoned to dinner, at which all the prince's family assembled. The repast, like the suppers of the celebrated Madame Scarron,* certainly required the seasoning of interesting conversation. His highness himself did full honour to the light dishes that were served; yet he so completely [lossesscd the art of engaging the minds of his guests, that it W'as not until they rose from table that they be- -inie fully sensible of the tpiritiiahle of the entertain- ment. On our return to the drawing-room we found some visiters assembled. They were almost all persons of dis- tinction from difierent parts of Euro[)e, who, being in Vienna, sought an introduction to the liying monument of the past age, were it only for the sake of saying, " I have seen the Prince de I;ignc." They listened with great interest to his anecdotes and bon nwls, with which, no doubt, they afterwards enlivened other saloons. iSome, who pretended to place lliemselves on a level with him, annoyed him with trifling questions and insipid remarks. Of this class of people he used to say, "There is no greater proof of mediocrity of mind than that whisper- ing of secrets, and grave discussion of trifles which takes place in the embrasures of wiuilows, where newspaper stori('s are repeated, and declared to be private intelli- gence. How unfortunate it is to come in contact with people whose conversation is like a picture wanting breadth I" Fhe prince having made his escape from one of these dull groups, stepped up to his gr.i.alson, the Count de Clary, with whom I was at that moment speaking: " I reeolleet,"snid he, "once writing a li tier to jean Jacques Rousseau, which I coinmeneed with the.M' words : ' As I know you dislike both imporluners and iinportiinily,' \e. ThercMire some persons here to whom one might very aptly address such ii hint; but they are so dull that they would not take it. Suppose we escape to society more congenial to our taste. Follow me; I will show- you how to take leave ii la Franrnim'," So saying, tliis ex- traordinary man, though thin in his ciglitielli year, trip- ped out of the room as liglillv as a page; and when eated in his carriage, langlinl heartily at the boyish trick he hail played, nnil the disappointment that would be experieiircd liy some fifth*' hrntix pnrlnirn when they liiriied rouml to see whether he was listening to them. Aboul nine o'clock we reached the imperial palace, called the Uinij, where the Ridotto balls are held. The large room, which was splendidly lighted, was encirileil by a gallery leading to the supper rooms. Round the prineipal room was seated an elegant assemblage of la. (lies, some in dominos, and some in fancy dresses, while bands of music, stationed at certain distaneis round the circle, alternately performed walt/.es and Polonaises. In the adjoining moms some of tlu' company, who were lancing miimcts with true Oerninn gravity, formed by no means the least eomical pnrt of the picture. Vienna, as the prince had truly observed, now presented un epitome of Eurnpc, ami III.' Ridoito niighi be said to be an epitome of Vienna. It is impossible to eon*'eive liny thing niore singular than this multitude, partly * ^laitnine ill' iM.Tintriinii, t* hrii tlip \\ iTpni Ht-nrron tlie )Kip|.wnii lli-riiir iiiirstM, mid ulii-ii itic tmniiiifi liii|i|K'ii('d lo lir iiirrc fi-nniv thnii iiMnl, tirr mrvnni wi.ulil wIiI^|mt In liri far, " r.iicare iiHc histvirr, ^ailawe, U i utt hum* mnii^iic.*' masked and partly unmasked, amidst which the rulers of mankind were seen, mingling in the crowd without any sort of distinction. " Observe," said the prince " that graceful and martial figure who is walking with Eugene Bcanharnais: that is the Emperor Alexander. Yonder tall dignified looking man, on whose arm a fair Neapolitan is playfiilly hanging, is no less a personam than the King of Prussia. The lively mask, who scenis to put his majesty's gravity somewhat to the test, is per. haps an empress, or iierhajis a griaetle. Beneath tlist Venitian habit, which but ill disguises the amiable ajl'a. bility of the crowned Amphitryon, you sec our emperor, the representative of the most paternal despotism that ever existed. Hnrc is Maximilian, king of Bavaria, in whose o|K'n countenance you may read the expression of his ex. cellcr* heart. On the throne he docs not forget his tor. mer rank of colonel in the French service, and he enter. tains for his subjects the same paternal ait'cction which he once cherished for each private of his regiment. E?. side him you sec a little pale man, willi an aquiline nose and fair hair: that is the Kingof Denmark, whose cheer till manners and happy repartees enliven the royal par. lies. He is called the Lttalift (or merry fellow) of the sovereign brigade. Judging from the simplicity of his manners, and the perfect happiness which his little king. dom enjoys, one would never imagine him to be the most absolute monarch in Europe. Such, nevertheless, is il,c fact; and in Denmark the royal carriage is preceded hv an equerry armed with a loaded carabine, and the kinj, as he drives along, may, if ho choose, order any of his subjects to be shot. That colossal figure, whose bulk is not diminished by the ample folds ot his domino, is the King of Wirlembnrg. Near him stands his son, the prlnco royal, wliose attachment to Catherine, grand-dutchcss of Oldenburg, detains him at the congress, where he shows himself more anxious to please the lady of his heart than intent on the arrangement of interests wh;.?!! will one dav be his own. Those two young men wiio have just passed us, arc the prince royal of Bavaria, and his brolhci Prinro Charles. The head of the latter may vie with that ni'M Antinous; and the taste of the other for literature ami the fine arts, which he cultivates with success, promises to Bavaria an illustrious reign. This crowd of people, ss various in dress as in appearance, who are buzzing about in every direction, are cither reigning princes, archdukes, or dignitaries of diff'erent countries. With the exception of a (kw Englishmen, who are easily distinguishable liy the richness of their dresses, I do not perceive a siiiji' individual who h.as not a title tacked to his name. But now I think I have suflicicnlly introduced you, so vo'a may go and work your own way; always recolleriin; that in any ease of dilliculty I am at hand to pilot you." The Prince de Lignc now left me, and as I saniitfred through the rooms, I met numbers of persons with wlinni I had been acquainted in diflcrent parts of the world, Ironi Naples tn St. Petersburg, and from Stockholm to Con- stanlinople. I fell, as if for the first lime, all the faseini. lion of a masked ball. The music, the general inrngnitn, the intrigues which it was c ilciilated to favour, the unre- strained gaiety, and the whole combination of cnrhanl- ments, had well nigh turned my head. I soon loiuid myself amidst a group of friends, among whom nro Zibini, Rouen, Bulgari, Borcl, Cariali, and Rcchherr. We agreed to sup togethi r, in order to make nrrnii^f- ments for meeting each other every day during nnr sl.iv in Vienna. My English friend Mr. Gritliths, who had iM'cn long srari'hing for me in the crowd, joined iis. He was also aeei)m|ianied by several friends; and after aniii". ing ourselves for an hour or two,a party of about twi nit of us sat down t i conclude the evening with a good .sup- |H'r. " How came you here ? where have you been ? wlul have you been doing since last we met ?" — were the que!- lions which iilleagi rly addressed to me; and I waseiiuallt impatient to question my interrogators on what eoneerncd them. One who had been only a lieutenant when 1 last saw him was now a general; another who had liein al tachi d to an embassy was now himself an nmlmFsailw Most of them were adorned with the decorations llifT had won by their eonrnge ami talents; and amidst III eflirMMi nee of gaiety and champagne, some of tlieni he gan In ri late |||, ir udveiilures. From what till trem lliem, I eoiild r:\u\y perceive that they had all ilrawu i prize (Voiii (he wheel of I'ortune. firiffiths and I bein; anxious to hear their curious histories a( a more rnnvr. nient time and place, engaged them all, in turn,(n visit (he .In-ger/eil. As Nadire dispi iisi s her flowers fH spring, i( would seem that Fortune hives to lie.sdnv lift (iuoiirs on youth ; for (he oldest of my friendi was not yet (hirty. " /.ibiiii, about whom 1 fell most curiosity, wos ent'.ifi' i i i to lireakfi.st \\ (Ire-sing, [ sai imifnrni ol' III ivilli its gay e< illy became lii.' Irmn a journey ; he (n tbilmv tin I to join the I ' lo the time nf n , een months hu entered the arm de-canip to ficn eral orders. prise' and satisfi ': .ini nut yet tiven .;, (ieterniines to u steady breeze, ar even to the mcri ; reterslnirg, I ft ivnnid lead neitli (i'ri'd every clian virc, iincomrnissi , In Ailjiitant-gcnc al the opening ot am indebted to m , ilcMt, Zibini," obsc St. (Jeorge which . Itiissia, I iinow is ■ highest merit." — Iroin the hands i billle, it is ncverl I'ori'serii bailees t hear how I got it. 'Zihini, take fifty try; ilie cni'niy is Hr,i;rglcrs.' I iii(„ men, |irocecded alo fion iii'Tely as a n 'le;i',"ie trom tlie ea. iiMo nil', said, 'Ca| .,i lank eenecaled voi ii: '|| 'r booty.'— '(; •nii II. a few minnti ciiulng his way thrr tain I e.iptain ! it is tehind .'lini.' 'w:: AT THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA. li tho nilors )\vi\ withoiit the prince, ralkinj; with r Aloxiindcr. c orin a fait a porsotiagc t, who Bccms ic test, is ]KT. IJcneath tint ainiahle otTa- our empotor, ilism that ever aria, in whose ision of his ci. forget his for. , anil lie enter. tlcelion wliich ■eginicnt. E^ n aquiline nose k, whose clietr the royal par. r fellow) ol'tlif niplicily of liis 1 his little kiiij;. n to be the most •crtheless, is the c is preceded hy [>, and the kinj, )rder any of liii | c, whose bidk i« s domino, is the lis son, (he prince rrand-dntehcss of I where he showi 'of lu8 heart lliau ■hich will one day 1 have just passid his broihei Prinre ic with that of the for literature ami success, promises rowd of people, i' 1 arc bu27.ing about irincos, arehdiikis, Villi the exception distinguishable by jwrceive a siii'jl' y his name. But lueed you, so you Iways rceoUic'in: land to pilot yon" id as T sauntereJ -rsons with wlirav of the world, from ItocUholm to ("on- .c, all the faseinv rinrral inrn;rniln, 'favour, the anre. r.ilion of enrlwiil- lul. 1 """" '"""'■' Vong whom vf and Ueehlieii- I to make arraiito- IV ilurnig nnr slav tilths,' who lud He I'y Ld, joined w 's; and allir nniip. of about twi Illy vith a good sup- yon been 1 wM ''—w'cre the e our ob.servatioii. I ordered mv I roup to dismount: the horses were harnessed to the tarriagi's; and a lew hours after I left the camp I rc- luDicd master of a whole park of artillery. "The emperor was not far oft", and the generiU directed liclociriy liim the intelligence myself; attributing to Jif all the merit of a capture which wati entirely the fork of chimee. Alexander having read the report, iijlitcd from his horse, and taking my hand said, ' Cap- in Zibini, I make you a major;' and unfastening his ss nf Si. George, iie tied il to my Imtlon-holc. I\Iy di' lucnt prosperity has been the natural consequence lliis I'vi lit. I have reeiived other decorations; and ll' liniiine had deterniined to overwlielmine with her miily, I have won no li'ss than five hundred thou- iiul rnnbles at play." I eougratulaled him on the ra- I siuoession of good fiirtiine he had ex|K'rieueed, and iriiii; breakfast he menlioneil some other eircunistances. Inch, though not in themsilves interesting, icrved to iiiliriii me in the opinion, that liunian destiny is oftener I is generally supposed, the work of chance. II is twelve o'clock," said Zibini, as he rose from ta- , "and the pleasure of conversing with an old Iricnd St not make me forget that a chapter of the order ol liiorce is to be held to-day, and that the emperor al- « arils gives a diniirr to I ho knights. As 1 am llie last whom the ileeoratimi has been conferred, I have eer- iiiiluiiis to perli>rm, the honour of which I cannot Core. lor any eniisideratiou whnlever. Farewell," nddeil hi ir^ivtiniy hasty departure ; bill I Iio|K' it is iinderstoiKl it «e are to see each other every day as we did at Mos- ■ , alTnliziiu, and in the Crimea. We have only ex. iii;eil the Iratirnily of arms for the traternily of'plea they ;l5l 111" to vi'it her ftoWlTS to bestow frieiuU wan f\ilh the,«e words he lightly sprung across his horse, was waiting for him in the lourt-yard, and set oil' |o ^allnp, his elegant plume Moating in the air like a kill'* tail. vos eni japil 'I'hi; CaiioiMss Kinski — Piiaci' — 'I'lui I'linrii (111 LiRiie— Tho !'l"icc ile I.anil.iM— Lnum ilv Will— Ut»ni|iiion ol'ihe Prater— Gtnerai ']'"'.!ciibiiiii. I nolo down only my recollections: and it i.-i no part of my plan to notice political events, which, however interesting and important, are now too well known and understood to require further detail. Resides, the right develojienient of such matters belongs properly to the province of history; and my aim is merely to paint a lew cabinet pictures, wliosc chief merit will be their accurate representation of reality. As soon as Zibini left nie I went to pay a visit to the Countess vou Fuchs, at her residence, tho Wall-zcil, where I had left a circle of valued friends when I last quitted Vienna. 'I'lio countess, as lovely and amiable as ever, received me with as much kindness as in 1808. 1 now found her surrounded by a family of beautiful children. She introduced mo to her sister, the Countess von I'lotcnberg, wife of tho reigning count of that name. Here, as at tho Ridotto, 1 was overwhelmed with ques- tions. I had to relate my adventures in Russia, my shipwreck in tho Black Sea, the danger I had incurred during tho plague at Constantinople ; and in return 1 received short biographical accounts of some ol'niy ac- quaintance, whom, 1 was happy to learn, tbrtune had not neglected. Nostitz, Tctlenhorn, Wuliiioden, and HesBC-lIomburg, were now lieutenants gei.aral ; IJorel, Palhem,audOmteda,nere ministers; and others, though less celebrated, had not been less favoured. "Your ft lend, Mr. Griftith.s," said the countess, "is still in Vienna. He is riveted hero by links which arc not easily broken. Rut what has become of the young Englishman, Mr. Sinclair, whose adventure with Rona- parto excited so much interest in Vienna?'' "I have not seen him," 1 replied, " since wo parted here ; but Lady Davy, whom I met last year at the palace of the Archbishop of Tarentiim in Naples, informed mo that ho is now a mcinbcr of the English house of commons, and a distinguished speaker on the opposition side." Shortly lieforc the battle of Jena Mr. (icorgo Sinclair, on his way to Vienna, was arrested by some rrench scouts, and conveyed to the head quarters of the Ireneh army. "Whence do you come/ and where arc you goiiig ?" enquired Bonaparte, in that tone of voice which usually preceded a senlence of death. " I have come from the university of Jiiia," was the reply, "and am pioceediiig to Vienna, where I shall find letters and orders from my father." " And who is your (iitlier ?" "Sir John Sinclair." "Sir John Sineliir? He who writes on agriculture ?" " The same, sue." Napoleon said something to General Duroc, and llieii continued his interrogatory in a somewhat milder tone. .'Mr. Sinclair, who was at this limo scarcely eighteen years of age, joined to a prepossessing person n vast fund ol inrormation on geography and history, and was well acquainted with tho genealogy of all the sovereign houses of Ccrmaiiy. Jlis acquirements nsloiiished Honaparle; who, after conversing with liim (iir two hours, tohl Uuroc to let him be escorted to (he ndvaneeil [losts, and allowed to continue his juiirnoy. This un- expected t'avour was the more Mattering to Air Sinclair, inasmuch as he was indehled for it entirely to his own iiinrit. Our conversation was broken oft' hy the entrance of the princesses of Courland and the Caiioness Kinski, who were aecompaiiied by tioneral 'I'etlenhorn. I was delighted at this aecidonlal opportunity of again meet- ing the beautiful UulchesH de .Sagan, and the lively ami intelligent e.moness. The cimvcrsatinn turned on the congress, and the foreigners who had come to Vienna to attend il, of whom some received praise, and others censure. The Prince of Hesse-Homburg and the young Count Woina were announced ; and lliey brought intolligenee of the prep'iralions Ihut wore making for a grand earoiisiil, which was to lake place in the im|ierial mews, and which they said would bo one of the finest spectacles ever witiirssed. All the engravings and ilescriplioiis of thu celobrHled carousals of the reigii of lioiiis XIV. had been consulted, in order to give all possible trial to tho onterlainnient. The CouiiIcbr Edmund Perigord. (hclbro her marriage Princess of Courland,) who was one of twcnty-liiur ladies appointed to preside at the feln, observed that the dresses prepared for llio occasion would surpass in magnifiecnec all ■ i 1 every do- seriplion, horsemcii . .d animation over one of the most cliarm ny , ,i' wliii li any city can boast. No park or public proiiienado in I^uropo picseiits such acoinbinaliMiof allraclions as the Prater, rho nunioroHS collec-lioiises, to which the inhabitaiiU of Vienna resort for rcjie".UQn after the labours of the day, and the various aiuuscments, suited lo the taste of every age, present the aspect of a perpetual fair, held beneath tho shade of iH'aulil'iil |>hiiilations of trees. Tho luxury of all the difi'erent states adjacent to Austria seems collected in the wide alley of chestnut ire.^ , which is continually crowded with splendid e [uipagos, and equestrians mounted on jiorses olevery Lreed, displaying their horsemanship with true Hun- garian skill. In a modest looking phaeton the sovcrnigii of these vast dominions drives his young and charming c.inso'-t with as little ostentation as a humble trndes- muii ; while a hired cabriolet unceremoniouslv whisks past liim, and is in its turn outstripped by a Rohemian magnal, or a Polish palatin driving lour-in-liand. Tlio variety of objeels, the bustle and the gaiety which, ihougli iiicrcHsed by the crowd of foreigners, was Blill tempered by German gravity, presented allogellier an inleresliiig and curious piciuie. It was a scene of Teniers. in a landseapo orilnysdall, and beneath n, sky .ifClaudc. At the extremity of the alley the majestic waves of the Danube heighten the magical otreet of tlio piitnre ; and when on a fine spring evening llie fumes ct Turkish coH'uo |Hiiiclrate tinough the trees of the Eu't- Haus, every sense is gratified, and one cannot help rc- lleeling, thai while every thing cloys and wearies in the circle of artificial enjoyments, iiaturo alone presents eharms ever t'resli and iii)|a>rishable. From a reverie of this sort I was roused hy the np- pearaiico of my friend Tctlenhorn, who immedialely UV'^^' ':ii^-''a ^ «•";.,.. 11,1 u,, ■•■+ % • j»''.T« '• W ■ '~S ' ■ , hi,, < '■% ' ',' -Vi' ♦ W ' ■■a ..-f> % ■ ■ I X -4i> ■ '%■ K ■<'' - 'A' • I., t: ■^1 ■ inlrodiiced a virv dilVercnl train of ideas ' We must 180 JOirilNAT. OK A JVOBLEMAN Hi---' iniike tlui liLst of mir way to tlio Aujjarloii," saiil lie, "■.vliLTu 1 liiivu orilurcU diiinor. It ia n ram lliiny; to ■;«l a {;oocl iliririnr I'loiii any ol' tlic Vienna rL'stullrutcll^^>i litit I linin some lilllu intliiciico aiiioiiortion of its Contents fell to my lot by way of reward. "When Havoust evacuated Hamburg the command of that place devolved on ine. I abolished many of the severe rpgulalions which the French mnrshal thought it necessary to inlroduec ; and the iiihabilnuts, in token of their gratitude, presented mo with tha freedom of their city in a splendid gold box. " Glory and rewards now crowded thick upon me. 1 received the ileeoratioiis nfmost of the military orders of kiiiglilliood ; and the allied soveieigiis, lo eiown the Jibeiality tiny had oviiieed towards inn, liave bestowed on mo the cstatta of two convents in Wosljihalia, tht| revenues of which ainoinit to forty thousand llorins per annum. This arciiinu'aliou of g(«id fortune has ol lourso released mo from prcuniary dillicully, and my creditors have not been the last to rejoice ut my suc- cess. I am now a reibrnicd rake, and on tho point of being man led. My inlemied briile is a lady to jvhom I have long been ardently alloched; and though the lUiioiicment of my roiiiiincc may ho somewhat abrupt, it will not, I hope, on that account prove tho less happy." " 1 congratulaio you, my dear Tettenborn," said I " and all who know you will, I am sure, heartily rejoice at your happiness. When fortune smiles on men like you, one can scarcely help regarding it as a favour con- ferred on oneself." We sat cl-.atting together in this manner, without thinking how time llcw, and it was nine o'clock before we reached the Carlcnthur theatre, which we had agreed to visit that evening*. The porformance was Haydn's oratorio of the creation. Tiie house was splendidly lighted, and the boxes were hung with magnificent draperies. Several of the boxes were set aside for tho sovereigns, and tho rest were occupied by the corps diploinaiiiiitc. As to the pit, it exhibited siieli a blaze of decorations, that it might have been called a pit of knights, as the pit of the Erfurt theatre was calked a ))it of kings and princes. " It >nust not be inferred," said Tettenborn, "that all these cordon^< iro tho just rewards of merit. Eminent distinctions 'ike the pyramids, only to bo reached by two s beings, reptiles and eagles." Wc did not stay till the conclusion oi iiki oratorio, though the performance exhibited all th.at perfection in which instrmnental music is invariably executed at Vienna. We concluded tho evening by supping with the Countess von Fuchs, at whose house 1 found as- sembled a circle of friends, who had not BufTered ab- sence to obliterate me from their recollection. [Count Las Cases, in his " Journal of the Life and Conversations of Napoleon at St. Helena," recounts this further mstance of the uncertainty of destiny : — " Serruricr and the younger Hedouvillc, as Napoleon informed him, while proceeding together to emigrate into Spain, were encountered by a party of patrol. Hedouville, by means of his youth and activity, escaped over the frontier, and I bought himself lucky in being able lo pass a miserable existence in Spain. Serruricr, coni- pollod to lly back into the interior, and full of despair at (he circumstance, bccamo alWwarda a marshal of France."] CHAPTER VI. lioiDaiilic nnrnlolo of llii- I'rince dp l.i;:m' nnil the Kmiirrss <'allMriiiu— Miiil. (li; Slufl— \ isil li* ^I'lluMiliriiii — llesi-riplion nl iIh: caslli- unit L'anl' ns — 'I'lin I'^inpiesfl .Miiria Louisa — Mail.ilc Mnmcsinii.iii — IV.ipDlron's sun, Ilie ymni'; prim e nf Piirin.T — lie- si'iiitilaiire Iit-iwfeii tits luirnait and (hat uf Joseph II.— Is&hcy, the paiiucr— Tholitcly got rid of him, and then turning to nu, said, — " IIow I hate those men whose learning consisi., of words only ! They are a sort of walking dictionariis, with nothing to recommend them but memory. Tin world is the best book after all." We now set oft' lor SchoDnbrun, in a carriage which appeared to be niarli as old as its owner, though infinitely worse for (viji than he. The charm of tho prince's conversation was calciilalni to shorten distance, as well as to supjily the deficicnci i of a scanty dinner. Wo reached Schoenbrun long liil'we I thought we were near our journey's end, for 1 lui! been amused by a thousand pleasant anecdotes. Ti;. prince described to me the enthusiasm which MihIjiih do Stael excited when she visited Vienna in 1808. " lit. mediately on her arrival," said he, " I went to pay iir. respects to her ; and having enquired the cause ef In: journey to Vienna — ' I am come,' she replied, 'to yhf. my son at the engineer school (I'ecole Je genie.') 'Hi has lioen at tho sc/ioo/o/'^eniug since his birth, madnim observed I. This little compliment quite won her hear md she afl'ected all the admiration for me which I nalh and sincerely felt for her. If, when she asked Boimpaii who was the greatest woman of the age, he had induli.". her harmless vanity, and replied. ' You,' — instenii •■ ehurlishly saying she who had most children, I «i venture to alTirm that we should not now be driving ; the castle of Scha-nbrun for the object we have in liu It cannot hu denied thai Corimie, and her (ieiii\i' coterie, had no small share in Napoleon's fall." As uttered tliese words, the carriage stopped at the ca.-; lite. As we passed through the court yards, which nro v •edingly spacious, the prince |iointed out to me the ;? where a young political fanatic attempted to assassins: iVa|M)leon about the time of the battle of Wnjntl " Though such a crime," said he, " can never be m donable, yet one cannot but admire the cool cuuid with which that young man met death." We soon reached the grand staircase of the palid which is beautifully constructed. In the vestibule "I were met by a French servant, still wearing the liv< of Napoleon, lie knew the Prince de Ligne, nnil nj ncdiatcly went to announce him to Madame dc Mi tesquiou. "We shall not have to wait long," said prince ; " for, as I have already told you, I am a wit Count de Segur nt Schoenbrun," [The Count dc Sep was grand master of tho ceremonies at the court of Tuilerics.] Mndame dc Montesquiou soon mnde appearance, and politely a[iologiBed for not Ih iiif; nW' admit ns at that moment. Young Na|iolcon, she was silling to Isabey for a portrait, which was iiilini' for the empress, his mother; and she knew that liif |iearanec of the Prince de I,igne, of whom be «a!i«| ticiilarly fond, would imincdiatcly unsettle him. "'' ynu, therefore," added she, " have the goodness to Ui'l Inrn Ihroiigh the gardens, and I will get ti.e sitliniC] Miiiii iLs I eun?" " Alost willingly," re|i|.ed the I'w (le I.igiie, " for I wi«h to go over the caslic ami C" with my young relation, whom I have tlic lioouu • "Oiitlio |( ■lii'lls nire lirei lliirin l.miisa » clrcuiiHiaiice wi N"l, niul ihi: »|i''ri« 111' r,,riuii liiiii.l* whi.'h Ih "OH 11 oil hor hi' >^ ' jiivcrsiiifT nbciil iKo iiic poiiiliiijt to llii- • you tlic (lispulKl tlic sea, with my promoiilory, frojii d : ' May it please riiat rock lias since rty. So iiiucli for a Jus way, he (IrcshLiI brilliant uniform of lalf a dozen cordons, ain hold her niirroi aiigc all this fimry 1 an ensign in my IS but sixteen wlirii lit thirty a good old 1 time ; and now, at ;. lllnatnred (icoijIi, 00 young ; but at a i am young enotipli, pier than mine ; iia roublcd by reinoiH', my bark as wcIIh ly step into ecieB has a den and garden furnished with plants and trees analogous to those of the animals' native climate. Ily this admi- rable plan, tho animals enjoy a degree of freedom and comfort highly favourable to their health. As we were returning to the castle, tho gardener drew our attention to a little enclosed plot of ground, " That," said he, " is the Prince of Parma's garden. There he amuses hini- Bclf in rearing flowers, which ho every morning forms into bouquets for his mother and his nutman-quiou, as he calls his governess." We proceeded to the apartment ; '•'' Mr, -ai.io de Mon- tesquiou, who received us with the most ludy-likc |)olitc- ness. As soon as wc entered, tho young prmco jumped from the chair in which ho was sitting, and ran to em- brace the Prince do Ligno. Ho was certainly tho love- liest child imaginable. His brilliant complexion, his bright and intelligent eyes, his beautiful fair hair, falling in large curls over his shoulders — ull rendered him an admirable subject for the elegant pencil of Isabcy. He was dressed in a hussar uuitbrm, and 'voro the star of the Legion of Honour. On tho prince introducing me, bearing in mind Rousseau's remark, tJiat nobody likes to bo questioned, and least of all children, I contented myself with stooping down to embrace him. He then ran into a corner of the apartment in quest of a little regiment of houlans made of v\'oorlune! t^iul'l Marin Louisa liiive tnn-scen ilirt the liiia.l)* ivlilrli ilii'ii innite V'ii^iiua tremble houIiI slinr ly place a croHii oil liiT lieaiL-.l/rmciivaJ Jc St. HiUnc< mind at that moment 7" ad0 of being an object of attention after they have ceased to live. 'I'he wish to ixisscss this shadow of glory is not unreasonable, and it frequently operates as a stimulus to all that is great and honourable. It leads to Ijrilliant aehievemcnts in war, to tho erection of great edifices, and to tho production of works of imagination and science, In the same manner the desire of attaining a rapid, and, ns it were, s|iontaiieous advancement in tl. ,vorld, in- spires those bold projeeti, which fortune is often pleased to rrown with Biiccess. Chance not unfrequently ar- ranges tilings for the best. Iteing informed one morning that a gentleman wished to siM'iik with me, I desired that he might bo shown up; and a young man of pleasing exterior was ushered in. I'rcseiiiing to mo a letter, ho said, " I bring this, sir, from IMimsieiir Roy, with whom you dined some time ago ut the house of M. de Kondy, the prefect of Lyons." I reiiucstcd my visiter to sit down, and I broke open tho letter, in wliieh, uller a few eimipliiiienl.s, the v.ritir sla- ted that, hearing I wr.s at Vienna, he look the liberty of requesting I would interest myself in behalf of the bear- er, M. Ca.staing, with the view of procuring him a place. "Judging from the date of this letter," said I, addressing the young man, " it must he some time since you Icit Lyons." — "I'did not take the most speedy mode of travel- ling, sir, for I came all tho way on foot." — "Really! it must have re(|uircd some courage to undertake such a journey, es|ioeially for the purpose of bringing me a letter from a jierson whom I never saw but once, and that about a year ago. You certainly deserve to olitain what you want: yet I am sorry to say I can give ynu but littlo hope. If you had come to the ennL'iiss to claim a king- dom, n province, or a good iiuieiiinily, you might have some elianee of sneetss; but to g( t ii place for a Krrneli- mun in the Au.slrian states is no such easy matter. There are many olistacles in the way." — " I have served in tho guard of honour, and am rapalile of filling the !::iliiation of seerelary, or any otlier post eivil or iiiihtary." — " You are exceedingly aceonimndatiiig. liiit let me have a tiw days I., think about it, and 1 will see what I can do." — He then gave me his address, and bade nic good morn- ing, h'aviiig me strongly impressed witli the idea that ho had pcrlbriiied his intrepid journey in vain. I had a few friends to dine with me that day, and our eonvcrsalion happc-ncd to turn on thosn sudden resolu- tions by which the fate of a ini'».'s lilo is IVeiniently de- cided. Of tills, (ienerals Tetlenborn,Zibini, Nostit/, and various others, were (pioted as examples. " I know an instance of headlong enterprise," said I, " not less re- markable than any that have been mentioned; though I doubt whether it will be attended by any successful re. suit." I then related M. C'astaiiig's vi-;t to mc, his ecn. nomical journey, and its object. t)ne of the party, Gv- neral Count de Witt, having listened to the story with some degree of interest, said, "Since this young man lias serviil in the guard of honour, he can, of course, ride on horseback. Send him to me to-morrow morning." M. Cnslaing happened to please the general, and he inado him his secictary. He euiiie to tell me ot his good t'or- liine, and stayed to dine with me. 'J'hal same evening he went to the theatre of Leopoldstadf, win re he was ar- rested, (the police of Vienna being at that lime very strict with regard to foreigners,) und thrown into prison. On his examination next day, he relcrrcd to his new patron. Count de Witt, who was in the suite of the KnqK'ror of Russia; and the general bearing testimony in hi.s favour, he was liberated. Unt for this ( ircumstance he would, not being provided with a ]iassport, have been conducted as a vagabond beyond the Austrian frontier, Count de Witt, only son of the Couiitcs.q Potocka, by her first husband. General Count de Witt, is a descendant of the grand pensionary of Holland. His military career has been no less rapid than brilliant. He became a eolo. ncl at sixteen, and at eighteen obtained the command of ono of the finest regiments in Europe (the empress's cui- rassiers.) In the year 1,'^12, in the short space of six weeks-, ho raised and equipped on his mother's estates four Cos- sack regiments, winch ho presented to tho Einjieror Alexander in tho Russian camjiaign. On the conclusion of peace tho emperor created him o lieutenant-general, and gave him the Bujicrintendcneo of the military colo- nies in the south of Russia. Count do Wilt coinnianded tho army of rcscrvo in tho campaign of 1828 against tliy Turks, which concluded with tho taking of Vuriia. I have since learnt from tho Abh^ do Chalcnton, tutor to the Messieurs do Polignac, that M. Custaing having accompanied tho Count do Witt to Russia, married at Tulcjin a young lady of good family, who brought him ii fortune of two thousand Dutch ducats per annum. 'J'lireo years afterwards ho returned to Lyons in eomewliat bet- ter stylo limn he left if, I went with Count do Wilt, and tho oilier friends who dined with mc, to an evening party given by the Prin. cess Bagration, the wifoof tho field-marshal of that name. Tho princess might be said In do the honours of rccep. lion to her countrymen at Vienna. With a culiivateil education she unites that nmiability of manner liir which tho Russian ladies aro so remarkable. Her short sight gives licran air of timidity and hesitation, which height- ens, rather than diminishes, her beauty. Her counte- nance is full of sweetness and sensibility; and when she speaks on any subject that interests her, the smile that plays on her lips discloses a matchless set of teeth. I did not know her much ; but it is impossible to see her without feeling convinced that the amiable qualities of )ier mind are no way interior to the elmrnis of her [lerson. In all that regards elegance of manner, she had at that timu but few rivals in the drawing-rooms of St. Petersburg. Among the company were several sovcrtign.i und a " »-. {-• ' ■ 1 1. -^■'. I. ■■. 1, » W: Si' ■ri;;^. 4 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) !.0 I.I mii |2.5 Uj Ui |2.2 2.0 ^ ll IL^ iU 11.6 O^A ^ ^ 7 ^>' Hiotographic Sciences Corporation ^ ;\ ^ € ■O^ ^; 33 WIST MAIN STtllT WIUTIR.N.Y. MStO (7)6) •73-4303 ;\ ]H2 JOUItNAL OF A NOBI.KIMAIV V ;Mrf' i' ■ 'ji'i Mf iiiultiluJc ordi.-.liiimiislii'U liirciijiicrs. (Jiiu of thf cvcii- iiij;'!i i,-iitirtaiiiiiirntsi'i)iisisli:d ol'tliu (Irawiiif; '•' ^i lottery — the nvival ol" u I'lvouiilc iiiiiuhuiik'hI of tlic ffalUiil court ol l.miis XIV., wlirro it is said l.i liavc bciu iiilro- duciil lor .Mdllf. do la Valii.TC. Kacli of the sovuri.ijri"* •cut to tUc I'riucL'j.s UaKruticni one or more prcsiiits, which being drawn u« prizes by a few tbrtuimte (jcutlo- ■nan, were by lliciu prisjulid in token of their hoinuye to tome of tlie ludietj of the eonii>aiiy . Tliesc lotteries were much ill vojrue ul the Vicuna parties during; the congress. At I'riiicess Higralioii's the Cjrand-dukeCJoustuutiuc won two porcelain va.scs, which the King of Prussia had or- dered fioui his muimfaetory ut Uerlin, and lie priscnled thcin to liis fair liosliss. 'I'lie Kni|KTor Alexander's prize was a box of mosaic work, wliieli lie begged the I'riii- ccss .Maria Ksterhazy to uteept. fount t'aiio d'Istria won u casket adorned with steel ornaments, which he giive to I'rinoess Wolkonsky ; and various minor prizes were drawn, all of wliicli were mutually sulisfuctory both to givers and receivers. The drawing roinn waa no crowded with company that I did not iKTceive I'rinee Ypsilanti until he advanced to receive a sable pilorine, which was his prizi' in the lottery, and whieli he presented to I'riiKess Helena Su- warnH". I speedily took an opportunity of paying my devoirs to tliiin both; and we were all overjoyed at a meeting which revived a thousand agreeable recollections of St. Petersburg. Winn I had last Hceii Ypsilanti, five years previously, he was only a cornet in the guards : he was now a major-general, brilliantly decorated with or- dcrii, but wanting an arm, which he lost at the battle of Bjutzcn. As to Princess Helena, she was just as I had left her ut .Si. Petersburg — well deserving the surname oi fair and ifDoJ, by which lihe was distinguislied by all who visited the house of her father, the grand chamber- lain Nurishken, where slie olliciatcd as miutress. The cuinpiny withdrew to an adjoining drawing-room, to witness the performance uf a young French actress, recently arrivid from Paris, niid who was patronise 'by the Princes." Hagration. " \Vc have a great deal to talk ovei," said Princess Helena; "sup|Kjse you both come and breakfast with me to-morrow at twelve, and we can then eonver;cnt at Vi- enna, \v;:s an uninlrrrnpted scene of gaiety and plcusurr. Next inornin;;, lieforc the hour of iny engagement willi Princes< Hekiia, I went to call on the Prince de I.igiie, whom I found, aucordinu; to custom, writing in bed, with a little desk Ullirc Ttini, and surrounded by r.iinparts of books. The conversation of the Prince de I.igne was 111 irked by all tile i legunee of the old French hclioii! of high life. No man eoubl till a slory more grac'l'iilly ; nnd tiii^' happy endowment was eoinliineil with ni'inners the most dignified and agreeable. Hut hii striiiigest I'laiiii to adiniralion ajid res|K'el wiui the tael.thil during his loni^ and advonliirnus liti', lie had pre- rcrved uiiHliaken integrily of piineiplu and H|>otl"as hon- our, " 1 have just received a letter, rniid I, " iVoni I'rinee Shcri '.intntV, who infurins me thai liu is about to leave Moscow on n visit to Viennn." — " 1 am sorry to hoar it," obiierved the Priiioi) de Lignr ; " he is a mnii whom I highly rsteein ; but I cannot suy I wish to see him, since his pr>'sciicc wilt r.'vive in luy mind a thousand |winful rceolUetinus of a friend whose loss I vet deplore." " You (if course allude to .M. de Saxe '" salil I. — " I do," lie re. plied. ".Mas! that fatal duel deprived me of a valued friend, nnd uinliiUcced all the plciuures I linJ enjoyrd at TiFplitt. In figure >ud li'atures, S.ixc bore a reseinlilaiice to his royal ancestor, wlUli' he inherited no ■mall share of the courage and tmig/imj id' the gnat Marshal de Haxe. Atler receiving hit deatli wunnd in the unfortunate diiul, he placed 111' hand on his heart and exclniined, ' / nm i/rnrf.' Then immediately lUIng nt hitadveraary, whom he M-ry narrowly missed, he fell and expired. His death may Is.' regarded as the history nf his Ulv. TIh< picture can never Im* elFaccd iVnni my iiioinory ; though time has had its otVeet in sogthmg tlio grief, which, however, the light orsll(i(bato9° wiUnet fail to revive." After ciiileavouriug to divert away this inelancholy train of lotli clioii, 1 lotc to take iny leave, l()r it was now near twelve o'clock. "Cull on ine to-morrow early," said he, "and we will go and dine togcthir at my Cilcri- ette, on the KaieiiilK.rg." A hill near Vienna, wlierc the Prince de Lignc'i summer residence waa situated. PrinecBS Helena's breakfast was delightful. The_ talent and amiable feeling which eliarnetcrlsed this distinguished la;!y rcndtri'd herconversutieii peculiarly interesting, nnd every Kinliiiient she uttered possessed the ehurm of coming sincerely from the heart. Wo talked over the news of St. i'etersbuig, and all that conceincd the mutual friends wliom we had left in that part of the world: — the hoiH'less, but still constant atlaclimciit of her brother Ia'ou for the beautiful Maria Antonio Narishken — Wiclhor- sky's seconil innrrig<> with Madile. de Byron — the bans milts of Prince (ialilziii — the severity of the CJrand-duke Constantine — and tlie humorous sullies of her father, the grand chamberlain Narishken. One story succeeded another so rapidly, that I almost fancied myself again on the banks of the Neva. Nc.U came Prince Ypsilanli's turn to speak ; and I ob. served that he had lost none of that exalted enthusiasm for which he was always remarkable from his early youth He had recently lost his father, the hospodar ot Walla- chia, who, after cfl'ecting his escape from the mutes of the seraglio, sought an asylum with his family nt the court of Alexander. Knjoyiiig all the respect due to his birth and talents, he subsequenlly tixed his residence at KiotT, where he died, bequeathing to tlic prince, his son, the greater part of his immeiisc fortune. The young prince was now crowned witli well-earned military glory, and recent events had had the cfleet of stimulating his natural enthusiasm. It was obvious I'rom all that fell t'roin him tliat his hopes of future glory dwelt u|)on (jreecc, whose subjugulion he deplored and longed to avenge* I pcfccived that he was not a little encouiaged in his ilrcains i,f liberty by Princess Helena, who, in common w:

  • oscd tlint we nhmilil take n drive lotlir Prnti-r. There, in ots'diener lo n custom liotrowed ft'om IliJv, ll" higher I'lasses ill Ihi ir onrringes, nnil the (oiniunn |<<'o. plo oo foot, repiiii every day nt the snme hour, Isid wen- tlier Ix^iiig the only iiiti'rruption of Ibis recreation. No such ini|)cdinieiil prevailed, however, during the tilting * This isiiliiinlilnin'in. Ihe briiihit uf |i.-iiir|riii< V|»IIriiII, waa iliMiiiM'il to 11 ini-'iioi-liMi) rale In |NtlliMii iiiur>>riiiiis oltcn con Nliiiilrs rrliMi'. Vtwllnnii i>«)iltii('i| hu iiniiiri'iiMiriil rnlrrprlM liy a liini rnntlnsineni in Ihe Uiinsroni uf Monlgnlz, whence ht; w-» llh«ialr)aliil WirUliiliuiij— tiir Bldiiey fnicil — Tin- I'nclH in WiJin — M. i.uchwinl— I'rii.ci Ko;- Icy— ;li in the beauties of wild and cultivated nature? The majestic forest which extends to the banks of tin- Danube is inhabited by deer, who, sportively bounding from place to place, animate the delicious solituiie. How delightful is the picture, when the whole impiilo- tion of the city is seen assembled beneath the shade of die magnificent trees, or pursuing their various amusemenla on the grass, to which the Danube imparts constant fresh, iiess and verdure ! If is a high treat to enter on a holiday one of the re- doubts which border the grand alley of the Prater. No- thing is more amusing than to see a minuet danced in the style of ludicrous gravity, by a (cvi stately couples, who, in spite of the interruptions they continually cx|h'. ricncc from the surrounding bystanders, continue the dance with the most inipcrturlmble solemnity, as flioii(;li every step were a serious affair of conscience. The dull monotonous minuet is ut len;2th succeeded by the aniniut. cd and grnceful waltz, and the couples fre<|uently wlici-l round for nn hour without stopping. At another pail uf the Prater a sort of carousal in got up, nnd some worthy eilizen, sealed on a wfsiden horse, adroitly ccrries ofl'llie ring, without losing his equilibrium in the saddle. 'J'luii there are abiindnnce of s« ings, which are a fuvonnle nmuseincnt in all countries, imrtiea of itinerant actnni, Ac. Amidst this i otlry assemblage, a stranger cannot litlp being struck with the obvious coniforl nnd prosp«-rity of the |Mipiilation of Viennn. The families of the trades pen- pie nnd artisans collecled round the fables testily nt once, by the cxjicnse in which they indulge, their own indus- try, nnd the light burdens im|mse(l on them by the go- vernnient. No qunrrcling or uproar disturbs the tran- quillity of the inultitudc. Scarcely n voice is heard, and this silence is not the efl'eet of gloomy nielaneholy, hat Ihe nsult of a happy physical tcm|K'rainent, which In this country produces a drcnining of the senses, instead of the nicnlnl wandering so common in the more northern |mrts of (■erinuny. t)n our arrival at the Prater we found an imnienn' nnniln'r of |irrsons of distinction, some on horse back nnd some in enrriiges. Ilesidesfhc nunibeisuf enrrioges, which, ns I have licforo meiifioned, were provided for the \\M' of the sovereigns and their suites, there wns n throng of equipages Is'longiiig to Ihe dllTeri'nt foreigners who lind come to Vienna (roni all parts of Kiirope. Lord Sli-ward, the Knglish ambassador, drove four auiMrh horses, which would hnv<' Ik'cii the ndniirntion of .\cw. market. The Kiii|H-ror Alexander nnd his iiileresting sister, the Dnlehess nf tMdenhiirg, were Inking llielr nir- iiig in nil elegmit curricle: while Prince Kugeiie Hcnii- Inirnnis on the one side, nnd tli« Prince lioyul of Wlr- teinburg on the other, pnid their court to Ihe illustridus |»ilr from very ditVen-nt motives. In a large linlinr, richly einhln7.t)iMd with nrinorial Isnrings, npiienrcd .>Mnn |Hltl. cord tlir iinpnrt. 11(1 ffOVLTIIIIM'llls: faiiiiliiir piiturca 2ur a luitlilul rc- Icr niui't |inK!i( sn, plcasiiijf rccollii'. it nt every |)( ricd Dl' childliouil, till riy love. Wlitic place KO ri':li in c? the bsiiiliB of tliu rtively bouiidiiijr 18 Hulilu Diid proHiM'rity ot° of the tradeBpio- testily at uiiic, their own Indus- Kill hy the i;n. ixturlii! the Iruii- ice \» lieord , and nielaneholy, hut anient, which iu flcnfen, insteiiil le more northern •ty of intrre»liiig ilmlii nnd, nbnve 11 II nd dnii)rhter< I'lirvKiiin hmd Ivantiigr the fliir (In Icaung tliu promenade, Ypsilaiili and I took leave of llie pfin™""! mutually exprci>ein^ the pleasure we lelt in nnuM ill); an acquaintanei; which had been interrupted by live yearn' ncparalion. \Vc went to dine at the Lm- prtit oj Austria tavern, wliich was the rendezvous of tlu^ foreigners wlio were not provided for by the court, or who chose to decline its ceremonious hosjiitality. We took our places ata table round which were olrcady scaled twenty individuals of ditTerent natioiiK : liir, in spile of the variety of interests, occupations, and ranks, all the Ibreifners who met at Vienna associated freily loKether. Accordingly, (reiierals, diplomatists, and tra- vellers, were jumbled tofrether at this banquet. Some were tlie li-gh olKcersnf despoiling monarehs, and others the advocates of moiinrchs des|>oiled. The tiriit course of our dinner was marked hy that silence which usually prevails among a party of iicrsons who arc strangers to each other, and a good band of music lor a tiino supplied the place of conversation. Next to me sat young Fiuchesini, who had been sent to Vienna by tlictirand.diitchess of Tuscany to consult with M. (Mdini respecting the claims of Madame Hacchioei in the grand dutchy and the prinei|mlity of Lucca. I had lornierly seen Luchcsini, when very young, nt his niotlier's house in Paris ; but the great cFiangi^ that had taken place in liis appearance, ns well as in his cireum- ■tanccs, might well excuse inc fur not immediately recol- lecting him. His father, the Marquis Liichesiiii, who was Prussian aiiiliossador to NapoLon, enjoyed in Paris all the eon- tidcralion due to his liigli reputation as n man of talent and an able diplomatist. His son, to whom liu gave a finished education, possessed, on las introduction into life, every advantage calculated to recoinniend him. On his presentation at the new court of Tuscany, he obtained the marked favour of the then grand dutchcss. He was created chief equerry ; and it was wliis|)ered that love coi.trihuted to render the desliny of the young favourite exceedingly enviable. I could easily perceive that the |icculiar circumstances in which he was placed oceasioiied ,» certain degree of reserve in his conversation with me: and after a lew enquiries res|i<;nting his family, who, he iiil'urnicd me, were still residing at their iH'nutifiil estate near l.iiecii, we exchanged our cords of nddri'ss, and |ir»ini«ed to sec each other again. At. Liiehesiiii under- stood how to make Ids own conversational tnleiit tlie means of showing off the King of Prussia's. He always contrived to draw his majesty nut, by introducing tluH-e topics on which he was calculated to shine; and alMjve all, he knew how to listen, which a fool never does. M. de Pinin once advised the king of I'riissia to send .M. I.u- chi'sini on an einbassy, because he was a clever man : — "For thot reason," replied the king, " 1 shall keep him hrre." The conversation of the dinner party gradually beonine ninro animated, and soon launched into all tho noisy hi- larity of a tiibte d'hole. Among the company was Prince Kus — ky, the ainluisBudor from Kiissia to 'I'urin, who had been ordered to the congress by his sovereign, for llie purpose of facilitating the junction of tlie states of (ienoa and I'iedmont. Me aceoin|Hinied every ghiss of 'I'likay with a bolt mol or sarcastic allusion ; and he related va- rious oiiecdotOB, the obvious truth of which renders it prudent not to re|ivat lliem even now. Prince Kos — ky's n|x'ii and animated countenance liore an expression which wns calculated to win cnnlldence and esteem. He was a favciurite of the Kin|HTur Alexander, whom he amused liy his sallies, and lie was on the liest |Mwvible fiMiting with every individual eoniieeted with the government and court of Kiissia, who found it eoiivenieiit to wink at frcedoiiis which they could not with safely check. Though he sreined tolerably indiH'erent to the horrors of olli', yet if lie had spoken nt t(t. Petersburg half ns iVeely w he did nt Vienna, he would, in all probahilily, have had tJK lielil.jtnger nnd thn kahil-ka at his door, ready to es. rorl him to SilH'rio. He was aOerwnrds ap|iointcd Kus- ■inn minister to tho court of Stutgard. He lived somii linii< in Kiigland; nnd in that serious country, where many things are made subjects of ridicule, the prince was rnrirnlured. He scemeelf Ihi: art of giving a Indieroiis colouring In a portrait, lie was iievertiieless n widl-disimsed inuii, nnd his epigrams were rather to be attributed to Ihi' turn of his mind than to any malignant impulses of his heart. i"he baron ainiised himself with passing under review all the jHTsoiis of our ocquainlance who were present, and those who were successively coming in. " Although tho city of Vienna," said he, " has undergone a siege, and has been oeciipii-d hy the enemy since you were last in it, you will find that hardly any material changes have occurred. With the exception ot the style of dress among tlic lower orders, which has become more assimilated to that of the higher classes of society, and iu which resjHel alone any progress has l>ccn made in the iiiiprnvements of the age, every thing has remained in the same eondi- lion ns tormerly. The lalovt have not changed; nnd this one in particular has always been Ihe rendezvous of the friends of Ihe chnrniing queen, whose subjects have never comploined of the kind of yoke she has imposed en iheiii. You see the proof of this in the eagerness of the crowds who surround her. Hero you will always meet with |M)- lilcness without dissimulation, candour without rough- ness, comnlaisanee without flattery, and attentions with- out restraint, " Foremost in Ihe picture stands the good Count Puclis, the fortunate nnd undisturlicd |iossis.sor of the treasure which every Imdy iiivies him, us cnllmsinstic ns ever of the militia iiistitiitiun, to which he owes his rank of ma- jor, nnd on which he says that Ihe safety of the Austrian monarchy de|M'nds. The Countess I.aiirn, Iris wife, pos- sessing a linppy equality of humour, goixl hearted nnd sincere, nnd the expression of whose infantine ciiiinle- nani'c, heightened by tho finest colours, seems as it w ere the inirrnr of liir excellent heart, comes next. She has that eiii'hanling turn of mind by which she can, withoul the use of eomplimeiil,shnw others to the Is'st ndvantage. Then come Madnini' Kinaki, the niH'nness of whose counlenanec gives it n charm which it has long ceased to derive from bloom, the Princess of Courhind, the beau- tiftil Dutchess de .Sngan, passionately fond of every Uiing h'^roic and gram!, nnd her sister, the Countess I'^ilinona, whose gCBliircs, attitude, de|iortnient, nnd tone of voice, all harmonise together in tho most enchanting manner. We have also the Count Walmoden, now a field-inarslial, and who, during Ihe Inst campaign, has Uren so greatly instrumental to the capture of Hrenien. In the month of Kehriiury, IHI I, he erosnd the Rhine with the Anglo- (ierman trno|)s. A few days ngo he wns npixiinlcd meinher of Ihe eommissioii which is charged with the military orgniiisniion of (ii'rmany. Prnsticrity has not made a pioud man of him ; he has nlalncd the same niihl nnd unassuming ninnmrs. This may also Ih' said of the Prince of Hesse Homboiirg, who, though he has displayed the niiwl brilliant valour, nnd unites In a ina- jeslie form a very handsome face, lem|K'rates his noble and iiniKming iiinnners hy a tone of I'xireme kindnesr. He eonimnnded Ihe reserve nt Ihe battle of l,«'i|Hiie, and distiniruisheil himself nmong the Austrian generals by his military science and a well exercised rofi;i tl'tnl, I see Nosliti nnd Ikirel coming in. It was in the arms of NiMlils that Ihe Prince Ferdinand l^inis of Prussia, whose aide-de-camp he was, expired. 'Ilie priiiei' having reftised to surrender lo a French quartrrinnsler nt Ihe bnllle of Sanlfehl, received his death-blow IVom him. Nnslilx arrived on the sjiot iinniedinlely after. In I Win he iiinde nn unsuccessful attempt to enli-r Ihe Austrian service. In Prussia he lins Is-en mor:' forlunnle. He lia,< alrendv nllainnd Ihe rank of a eohinel, with a g(MHl pMsm-el of further prumoliim. " lliii gmd ti.ie not lo cive himself the latter. This riilieuli ns inridi i.t be- caiiie known, and yoii may easily judge how sadly ihi' seotinieiital priiier was l.iiii:l:i d i:l. lie is i \rr alli iii|lil.g lo place himself ill a lolly sfdiere ; but h:ain^ no e.v|.i. riciicc in the world, he is iiiiiilili' to emiipare i.iid joilfTO l(;r hiiiisell'. He mistakes iiiiagiiiatii n Inr uilni.l lirii w- led^i , the desiri? of knitwledgc tiir actual (riiililinii, and olisliiiaey lor firmness of eharaeler. In shoit, Ms lusi^ all'ords proof lliiit the possession of some tali lit ddis not always sutliee lo gain the gi.od-will 'f society, whin pains are not taken to eiuieeal minor delects which must lie iihiioxious lo it." " Pray i xplaiii to me, my drnr liaron, how it liapi < ns that ill the midst of this brilliant and gay asseioblage the Count nnd Countess Pktenberg hear nn aspict of constraint so little in harmony with the ap|X'nrancc of others ?" "Your late arrival at Vienna," said ()niptcda, " can alone excuse your ignorance en that |H.iiit. It is alto- gether a curious matter that yon want me lo explain to you, and might serve ns a picture of manners from which an useful moral might be drawn. It is not many years since Plctenherg succfcded to Ihe immense fortune of his uncle, the ri igniiig count of that name. He became one of the richest, as he was one of the most elegant men in the monarchy. These advantages, with those of nn xtremely agreeable |(erstin, had engaged him in some brilliant ndventures during his travels, the fame of whii h had precc in making enquiries oftcr young ladies imssessing the npcrsmrv qnalifications All Ins li lends were set to work ; and after a few days' scorch, tliey fixed u|inn Mademoiselle Adeloida de (tol- lembrrg, a young lody whose noble birth was ftilly at tested for the required piirpofe. Tho decoy of hrr (w- rents' fortune mode them suflicirntly accessible to a pro. jKisol coming IVom such a i|Uorter. The selllement ot' preliminaries did nut therefore orcupy much timr; after which the iiount r<'|ialred to Newslndl lo poy his respects lo his ftiliire s|>ouse, who was still in n convent llu rr fi.r the completion of her education. You may easily con. tuive the freling of a young girl of fifteen lo whom It is inlinioted that she is lo lie iiiiinedintely muled to a hand swer with il. The poor girl's iinnginolmn had breii «u worked U|Htii by Ihrsa Ihoiighlt, that ah* )<•- •;■> . I . .'» I 11. ^. , T. f ■^ 'J •M K , . '. '' "r'l ' i.' ^/^M m I IJM JOI n.\AT- or A NOIILKWAN M\ ranir iliMply I'liiinviiirnl witli llir riniiil iil tlie very first moiiivnt sill" m\v liiiii. In ii|ii!r u\' lirr i .vliiiiii^ Uuiity, 111' wliirli yon may Hinii nii iili:i liy wImI you now Kir, tliuii^li kIio Im» alL-iincd licr lliirlutli yc.ir, iiiiil nii rx- pruHriion nf iiirliinclKily is m'UIimI iii Iiit Ivaliircs, tliv count rou'il not liriiiir liiiiiiH'lt'to lixik iiiion Una union in any otiicr li|;lit tliiin uiic of nurc (■oniiiulsion nnd iu'ci'8- Kily. Soon nlV'r liis inarrintrr, tliirefori-, lie lose(l on him hy cirrunislimcrK, rielenlier<; |iUin|;eil with ritlouhled arilonr into nil kinds of dissipation, lie gloried in liis rxe(sse>: ; and his nn- fei'!inur|iosc; ami rather than lon^jer endure the wretehcdness of iKilioldiuff every day the ninii who iiiiuJu so eold a return to her ul'- feetinn, she solicited and ohtaincd hi.'i |iermisi>ion, at the aire of ei);hlcen, to retire U> imc of hit estates in Holie- niia. S!iu ((iiitted Vienna, ahandonin;; all its pleasures nnd delijrhts, delvrmiiiu I to liiiry in tliu most nhsolute solitude those charniH which oiisin|r an irrepionchahlo conduct to the insulting nejriecl with which she had Ix-eii treated, and nngrlie virtues to the dissolute liahits of her Imsliand, she dc voted herself to n life of piety and elinritahlu exercises, which lasted diiriii)r the many years that she s|H>nl in this solitude, "'I'lie count phinired still more hiiillessly into dissi|Ni- tion upon riddinfr himself of tlio Irifliii); restraint which had lM'<^n iinpiMcd on his actions, and alter sutiutinj; him- self with every enjoy iiieiit that tliu resources of Vienna could nft'ord, lie set out for other countries to seek for new ones. Fourteen years elapsed in this !.tate of tliin)rs: nt llic end of tliat tiiiiii I'letenlHr); liecame heartily tired of his dissipated life, and thou!;!it of his country and his wife. He proceeded In (Vdicmia, and onco more Ixluld tlic oliji'ct I:) which s icred vowj had united him for ever, He found t!ie countes.t rlill in her Mnom. 'rime nnd rc- lleetion had soothed her sorrows; nnd in the tranquil life she h.ail led, her persimal ohariiis had pri';itrved Iheir primitive iVesliness. 'llie most evtraoriliiiary part of the st.iry i', that I'lili'idsTU ""**' '' " dcperali'ly in love with his will', lie iH'cimn her most enllmsinslic nil- iiiinr. Hut time had oper.itiil very ditlirently on the c.iiiiile-s from what he now wished It mi^ilit have done. Ilir feeliu!.'s of cxlrenii' tendirncis wiro chan|;cd into h ilred hy the roii^tanl riHeetion of the worthless estima- tion in which tliey had been held. Ilis delmuelieiies and his dissolute h.iliits had lueii rej^ulirly re|«irteil to her hy those who were desirim< that they should pi'isliice on her their iliK' impression, lie thrrefore iHcame an oh- jecl of an aversion to her which iiotliiiii,' could alter. Kvcry di'iiioi.xtration of repentaiiee, niVeetiou, and sin- cerity, was now had recourse to hy the count ; hut all to no pur|Mwe. She remained tnsi'iisihie to his entreaties, nnd treated with iniliirereiiee the sidicitalions of her Irieiids that she should consult to a reconeiliulion. "The count nri;cd n visit to Vienna, in the lio|)0 that nn an oci'asion like the presi'iit, her mind ini|;ht iweoiiic inor.' accessihli' to a chanire in his fivoiir. In the tumult of festivity nnd dissipation he tlntlend himself that her heart wonlil more easily open itself nir'iiii to that feelin|r nralleelion which formerly it cherished. She consented to aeeompniiy liiiu, nnd evin, ns you sec, to take part wilii liliii in nil the ifnielies which now alMimid in this sph ndlil capital, lint she eoiitimies insensihle to nil the deiiionsi rations of his nllii'tions, and scciiih to look n|H)n till ir present frnillens ardour ns a pimishmcnt of which he has no ri'fht to complain. The |HM)r ninn has iH'come nn ohject ofriiticule hy the servility of his devotion. Al- ways si|;hini; .is at thu nue of ciifhtei n, nnd as jealous ns n sevaifcuarian, he never moves from her side. Ilu is over lakini; up her |rlnv<^< her hnnilkcrchief, nnd prcssini; them to his bosom in public. Hut nil this oi.)v tends to incrensi- the aversion ho his rnlsril. I'roscrilsMl fVom the nuptini Is'il, which he had so loiiir disiluineil, he coin- pUlns of this riif'inr in prose, nnd lamcnis his fnte in verse. In short, his enlhusinsm hns hi'como so irreal, that if it conliniiei for any leinjlh of tinie, his intellecls uiiiit Itecuiiic nlll'ctcd hy it. Wv may thcrcfuru cx|ioct to see one day ill ti.e count the ciice of a debauclicd hiir- haiid, whose repentance has only Is'fjun when his vices have beconu' iiii|)ari)oiialtle.'* Diirin); the recital of this romantic story I could not help cxamiiiinfr, with an intense interest, the person who was the principal Hiilijcct of it. The excessive jiolcncss of her countenanee spread over it that melancholy and settled expression which is prmhiced hy lonjj-wronght Iinssions or siiircriufjs. One would have snp|¥)scd that ,a MariH! hud Ikcii (faziiijj on her when he made this verse : " Son rPiraril Irlslc ct ilnnx Implero In pili^." " You sec," said thM|iteda, ill conclusion, " the origin if that cvtreiiie paleness in the lady's countenance which has so niiieli altraeted your notice. In her situation, there is MiiiiKlliini; infiiiilely more natural in that settled nil lanchiily her face rvinces, than in a more animated •xprcssion." Whilst he was concludiiifr his remarks supper was aimounced. I contrived to sit next to him nt table, in order to enjoy the pleasure of listenini; to his ibscrvntions. His varied and picturcsiiuc sketches were the more intercslintf to me, as they rcliitcil either to [K'r- sons of my aci|uaiiitance, or to intimate friends. CIIAPTKU VIII. M. Novmtnihotr. ttic Itil^slan Bliile^lnan— Atfair* of Polonit— Prtnrr ill! l.ifini- « u|iiiii,iii 1)1, ami wriiings uii, ilie foil's — Cuiiiit Anliur l'iiliH.'ki. On the liillowinir day I met, at the house of the Prince lie Li)rnc, AI. NovossilsotV, a Uiissian statcsinan of some celebrity, who was held in hijfh estimation by th« Km- |>cror Alexander, lie was ul that time a memlicr of the provisional (jovcrnmenl of I'oluiid, and when I came in he was convcrsinjr with the prince on the ntfuirs of that country. The Kuliject was one of ncver-fuilinij interest to me, for I have 8|HUit in Poland the finest days of my life; and the sentinienta of attachincnl I have conceived for that unhappy land are of the. most deep rooted kind The conversation turned chieHy on tlin constitution which it was in contcmiilation to (rive to iho Poles, nnd of which M. Novossilsim was one of the fratncrs. " The Polish nation," said tho Russian stntesmnii, " had too Ion;; relied on the promises of a man to whom, uHer all, their independence was a matter of |Nrsonal inditTcr- incc." — " Their illusions were i xciisahle enough," on- swcrcil the Prince de Lijriic : " there arc no nacrilices of which nuliiins do not easily console themselves when they arc called for by the pros()ect of such an achieve, iiicnt." — "(ienerally s|s'akin(r," rciilicd M. Novossilsofl", "this would be iwrleclly justifiable; but tho Poles arc ever carrying back the ir tlioujflils to the brilliant times of Iheir history, ai:d they want their country to re-assume that proud allitiiilo ol t.ide|M'nilciice it enjoyed under the Itatoiis, the Sigisnioiidv, the Siliicskis, without one mo- incut tbiiikiiiK of the immrnse clian|res the (Kiliticul con dition of Kiiro|s> has since tlii^n midcr(rone, and their peculiar geo;;rapliii'al position, which innkcs it liii|Hissible that they should stand ai;ain on the same fisiting as for- merly. Poland is now linked to us, and must Is^ content with the fate which is unavoidably reserved for her |io- lilieul existence. If ever we allowed her to bccoiiie com- pleti ly inde|H'iiiltiil, shii would make nn .\ulntic nution of us, and we are not ilis|iosi'd to recede." — " Ihirke has said," observed the prime, " that the partition of Poland would be paid dearly fur by its uutliors : he nii);ht have idded that suili mi|;lit be the ense with her defenders also; for Napoleon's iiiterfeience with her concerns has ill no miiall dcirree coiilributcd to the loss of his crown. I lio|M' u Is'tter fate w ill be reserved for the r,in|Mror Alex- nmler; but all must de|H'nd u|Hin the uilopt ion of suitable measures, nnd lliiir siiiiiity on u tirm ba^is, A |M.'oph' who are proud of lluinsilves may sutler theniselvcH to !«' eonipiered, bill will not Is'ar to Ik< humiliated. I'lie fnree of arms may achieve their ccmipiest; but it is only throu|;li a (fcnerous and just policy thai they imiy Im' thoroughly suTijuifati'cl." — " Vou need not ap| *'0 <>f that monnrch's gutnl intentions.* Tito institiitinns of that country, hereby fixed uiHin a solid foundutinn, will Isi ome the means iiy w Inch the |>cacc of Kuropc niny he ever maintained." — " If the buses of the edifice are pro. IMirtioncd to its weight, nnd of comimrativc solidity, tliry will, no doubt, prove durable ; but if not, you may hiivs to fear the vcngeanci' of men who arc driven lo dcs|icrata iiieans. I wisli you had time to read the memoirs on Poland, which I wrote in I'm*. Yon may pcrha|is think that wliut was written so long back is not exactly appli. cable to llio present ]K.'riod. Nevertheless you wniild meet willi much iiseliii intbrmation in thot work, onil a ' great deal of coincidence between your tlioiightji and nine on 'wnie material |ioints." This intercsling conversation was interrupted by the arrival of Count .\rtliur Potoeki, a friend of the Priniv de I.ignc. Though a Polc,nnd a well-known vnthusinatin wellwishcr to his country, his presence put a stop to the conimentM of Aloiisicur de NovossilsoiT, who hastily packeil up his pa|M'rs, nnd took leave of us. " I come," said t'oiinl Potoeki, " to inform you tint every thing is now in readiness for the intended caraiixl, which has liccii so long in preparation, and tliat the en- suing week has Ijcen fixed U|sm for its celebration. 1 bring you, prince, Uie tickets which the grand marahtl Traulmaiisdorir has desired inc to deliver to you ; and I wouhl ri'coinmcnd by all means tlint you should attend this spectacle, tor it will doubtless be cue of the most ei. trnorillnary of any witnessed in mot etnrily plniiil I'li n )i'\rl Willi bit M i*ruvllp -laves — '/VfisWtilrtT CHAPTKR IX. Till' Kalrnih. ri:~rrliire de l.iin.^'s rminiiy Imtise tlii'ie— rriiirn V|i-ilni.ll ni.'t llii' lirrrk, — ^kl rhie-pi'it Ihi- n>lii> iif Ihi- f.'ratiil Vlxli'r, llllilMnvisI Viriiiia -I'llitu' ill- l.lictlr's inleO'SllltK innvi'MStlon. The Knb'iiilN'rg is a hill in the immcdintn vicinity of Vienna, ever which it eoinnnnds an extensive priis|icrt, nnd to which it pri'sents a piitiiresipie view. The Priiiii' de l.ignc hnd, since a long |)eriod, chosen a spot on il for his summer residence, nnd his house there bccnnie llio alside ot'tlie muses, and the rendexvous of that select nn. ciely of friends to whom bis presence nnd conversnlinn were nn inexhaustible source of instruction and gratifirg tion. On our way Ihilher our discourse turned upon Vicnnn; he s|M>kc of that city in the most Ihitleriiig terms. I flilly eiineiirred in nil he said : iieverthcless, I observed, thil in nrilir to appreciate the whole of its various resournn, n bitter knowledge of tin (iermnn langunge wns nerei. snry than the gi'iicrnlity of foreigners |Missesseil. With out this reipiisite it wouhl be diflicult to judge exactly of I he ehnraeter and ways of those ranks of soeiely whiHi arc not the li'ss iiitcn sting for not Is'ing Uic higficst, nni the li'nst worthy of Is-ing known, lincon once said Inn young man who knew no Inngunge but his own, miil was nsking the cbnncellor's ndviee ns to the most ml- visnble mmle of pri>cceding nii his travels, that it wnuM lie far more wise for him to go to schisd than to travrl in t'liriign lands. " Hncnn's suggestion wns no dniilil • very exeellenl one," nbservcd the prince; " but I wundrr what Itlelastasio would have said to it ? — ho who, tllrr twenty viars' risideiico nt Vienna, hnil only picked u{< twenty iii rmnn words, which he used to suy was i|uilu enough III save his lil'e in cas<< of iiii'd. At all evcnl*, you will find the l-'rcneh language sulficicntly knnirn here by this lime to serve most pur|ioses. It is iiiiivrr. snily undcrsliMsl in the up|Mlilivki ,t.«l Victmn --I'titin-' edintn vieinily of iinive prmiifot, iew. 'I'Ih- Prime II n ppot on il for lere licennii' llm of that wlert tn- nnil roiiver»«li"n ion onti gralificn- I'd upon Vienna; n(T lermi". I fully I obxervcd, lliat nrioiw rrnoiircn, rnngo wn» nocci- [mihhi'hkciI. With I judge exaelly "f of wieielv wliicli tlic hi){ne«l,ii™ [iiii oner, wiiil I" « lut hill own, anil (o the nioKt Kil- •In, that it wnuld il than to travel wii« no doiilvl a ; " but I wcimlcr T_ho who, allft |l only pirked iip ;o nay wan M"''" , At all evrnl", jllieiinlly kim*" fl. Il in uiiivrr. Ixneiely, and y«i iintioni and cun AT TIIH CONOIIKSS OF VIEXNA. 1 H.'i of the eoni;re».>, iiikI in ilrawin;; up nil llie ofTieial .IH wliicli are to Ih' the IruilM of tl»- iiilniMerial dellU ri. "'V\,f i.riiice's niniiiier of trealiii!; every nuhject on which "1 -...!.. « *.. ii i.-;il.... tl.... Ill' Kjl ,k. g. ;ivi> n ce rtiiiii turn tu the merest tritlex, thai ,„„|,. them iiliiiosl eiiually iiilcrejiliiie with oiilijectii ol , iiK"'''""-"'-'- ""^ "liolic of ninny of the dixtiniruiHheil |H-r- .„iiH of soriity, the sovereigns assemhied Iheri', tiieir mini^tirs nnd e'""''''"'''' '""' "'"'' ^''"^ •''"^' which was i.Tiiliir lo liiin, |ioiiiled at tlio ridiruloiis iMurings of his i.„rlr.iits and llireiljly deserikd in a few words their ..iiural i.harnrler. ' 111 a lillK- time wc eiitereil the eoiirt-yard of the prince's i.iiintrv residence. It was n small hiiihlinfr, reiiinrkniily 11, it .iiid ri)iiiiii'>'li""n in ''"(lernal np|u'nranee ; nnd its Tilnal (iwin'r iiiiiilil easily have renliM'd llie wish of So. i r;li'S,l')' 'i'l'"~ '' "'"' K"""'-'* wlio wi're his real friends. ilur llie iKirtal of iU outv\ard entrance wa.s engraved llin.u'iitrnee: Uun roscuniqiiL' cadiini, Keniptr aint liiiea ii.,'ia. •• It iviiiihl be di'viuting from Die practice of nil Innil- Icirdu," said the prince, nn our eiiterini; the liniise, " if " illil nut Ix'^'in iloiiig the honours by eondiieting y on round I'll' extent of my domuiii : hut as my house luid the pre- miers lieliingiiig to il arc not more ample thnii the terri- l.iry prcscrilH-il to the president of the .St. .Marin n-puhlie, t iMi iin'd not apprehend much fatigue. Such as they are, imwevir, it is here tlint I H<'rk and find relaxation aflrr III,' liiMiiill of feU-H, the fatigue of aniiis«^iiieiitii, and the hlilVness of that restraint which, however ineliiieil, we lire iiinre or less obliged to iiii|x»H! on ourselves in the iircM'nee of so many crowned iKvids nnd aovereiirn |vr- yoaagi's. Here, ill short, I can live for my own self." Will II we had reached the extremity of tlie garden, he „l»!ii'il a diMir which h'd into a suimiu-r house construct iiiiinicliately over the Daniilte, and from which we had a iiim|ilete view of the city of Vienna. " It is from that s|nt," Slid he, " that John Sohieski commenced his glo- iijii.< attack at the bend of bis thirty thousand men niT'iin't the grand viiier, Kara Mustapnn, whom be de. (Willi llirougli the irresistible impetuosity nnd bravery III' Ills inferior numbers, tberchy saving the (lermanic i'in|iire. The military cxpi-rieiiec of that sovereign had ISO well exercised his foH;i d'iril. Hut atVr exnmining for II lew iiuiiiients from this elevated position the ilis|iosi- Unw of the Turkish nrrny, he coolly oliservi-d to the P'lieruls who surrounded him, that t'H'v were liadly III all', and that .Mustajilm would infollihiy tie lieaten. "Tlio Polish cavalry which had como to the aid of he (leriiians had a very innrtini npjioarance. They weic iiiiiunled on magnificent horses, hearing richly iirnaiiiontnd arms. Thu inliinlry, howovor, was in u I'ly (liirifciil coiidilinn. One regiment in particular as ill .HO unprovided a slate, that Prince I.uhomirski ilviseil the king not to jiorniit its crosMug tlia Danube liire iiiglil, as its menu ap|>earnnca wax absolutely a iliniml dishonour to the PiJes. The king, however. i» ii"l Id bo swayed by any such consideration. .'old from his hithorlo success. fill oiimiii's, that tho words applied by Po|k; I'iua V. to ilin of Austria, after llin bnltlo id" Lepantu, wore |i«ii«(; ried lo .lolin Sohieski : ' And there was a man tit liy liiiil, nnd bis iiamn was .loliii.' Austria hns in lire leecnt tiincs ehosoii to liirgel this senlenee, ex in'.»;ni of her grulitiidu ; sho has not scrupled to Im- iiisliiiiimiitnl to Iho overthrow of that nation who ;ivecl her from a siiiiilur liilo by their vnloiir, and At three o'olock wo snt down tn n dinner served out i)f provisitiiis which tlie prince had ennseil lo he put in the cariiage on oitr leaving town. Never as lung as I livo i.|iall my grateful inomory lo^o the recollection ol this charming repast. How bright the colnurs in which Ins II ug ex|Mii. Tlie fact is l«l lliii iiiii|uiloiis partitiiHi in i|ueslioii enn never lie and its promotor hitil no doubt in his niind ,'y of l.a Kontnine, in Iho liibto of tlia dop car. poitraycd the celebrated (lorsonagcs who, in Ins worldly career, had honoured him with their friend.tliip! 'Pho KinprcBs ('atherino, whom he called his "living glory;"' the Kiiiperor Joseph II-, his "visible pro'i. dcnec;" Kroderiek II., his " ininiortality ;" vxere p.irli- cnlnrly the siilijects of his nnecdolic liulchca. He niso related a variety of interesting parliculnts respeeling the unliirlnnale Mnric Anininclln. " At my introdiie. lion," said hr, " lo I he Count d'Arlois, ho assumed nl first all the dignity of u king's hrolhcr, hut soon alter treated nie as if he had henii my own. Some time aUer, at tho camp of Moravia, I saw the king of Prussia. Frederick |)<'rceiver generally in her (sTsoii. She was in the habit of displaying llieni here ehielly by twisting in thrill n siiihII hraiieh of (mplar, with tliiee i;r liiiir leaves on il, llie motion of which produced a kind of rustling sound which she called tho ibligato nccoinpnniinent to her words. She is very fond of I uired of the .,1 rill Ills inaslor's dinner succeeded, howovor, in so doing, nnd nothing could he easier among Iho crowds of her nilniiring listeners. .She discussed every siibjecl wilh rare |>erspieacily. If ovor she asked a quesli still more schloni did sho wait liir an answer; and notwithstanding this violation of the coiiinioii rules of cinivorsatioii, mid a dictalnrial inoiln of ill liveriug hor smliinonts, she was sure to bring over almost every opii.imi tn n coiiu idenco with hnr own. Her countenance, allonolhir, is far IVoni lioing haiulKoino the form of her nnsn and the shape of her nioiilh arc de- eideilly ugly ; hut her eyes |M)«sePs n hri'lianny which almost eiiablo them lo oxpross tho rievnt I and distill guisliod Ihniighls wilh which her fertile mind nlsiiinds She has preserved nil tho habits of ymilli, nnd all llii cmpielry of dross which Imloiigs lo very young women llor Imiids arc pcrhaist iliu host slm|Kroscrilied hy the man whom she called ' .'1 Hohespierre on hnrsehack.' It inny therefore lie said that it was her own cause she was endeavouring to pro- mole when she ilireclcd the whole power of her means lo Ihc overthrow of the man who was op|Kiscd to her re- turn to I'ranee. Shortly oiler she came here nn anony- mous satiie wns circulated on tho enthusiasm she had excited. Her Cnrinne was ciiticisrd in Ibis production, and, I think, most inaptly ; for it is not in her literary works that sho is vulnerable. That alTcctation of ap- |ienring on a scene where sho could display no talent, the »o/oH lieing her only pro|ier station, — that prcloii- sion of engrossing every attention and every thought,.^ that mulahility in her opinions, so dangerous lo those who thought they could rely upon their consistency ; it is nn these points that she ougiit to liavs Iwcn attacked. She was, however, greally incensed that any one should jiresumo to set up any douhls res|)ccting her literary merits, on which, she thought, there could exist but one opinion." .\s il was necessary that wo should nrrivc al court precisely at the hour fixed for the coinincncemont of tho performances, we lell this delightful retreat, which will, no doulit, Imconio one day an historicul subjact. Shortly afterwards wo repaired to the imperial i>ulace. CHAI-PKU X. Cinnil srainihly at conn— l.li iiiij :,lriiiii.s— llrninnlir mninnrni— 'I'lit' rniu-..|,n I'Isli rlia/y— Till. Kx-iiih^'II ol' lliillnnil—rnnre l.iii|»ilil i.f Hnxo I'lihiiran aicmiiii ul In r— llniUraialii wall/iiiit — I.rniiil sn]t|s-r ni cnurl. When we arrived nt court, the snile of mngnificent npartments were nirendy crowded wilh conipmiy. Tho I'nuut Arthur Potocki had, however, kept scats for us near those of the Princess Ksterhay.y nnd Ihc Princu l,eo|Kild of Saxe Coliiirg. I enlcred into eunvcrsatioii with the princess, mid the intended |Hrliirinances very naturally Incame the subject of cuir remarks. She said thai although the living pictures were a novel exhibition in Vienna, they were not new to her; fur sonic years previously, she gave a fete nt KiseiistadI, one of her country seals, where they were excculcd for the first time. Her eha|K'l inasler, Haydn, the celebrated com. |Miser, heightened the interest of the cxhihitiim on that occasion, hy |Krl'.)riiiiiig on the organ some extein|Mira- ncons music of a strikingly appropriate character. I havo known hut few ladies whose eonversalion was as fnsci nnling as that of the Prinecss Kstrrlmzy, and whoso manners were equally captivating. I U'caniu uei|uainted with the prince, lur hushanil, many years previously, at the house of M. Kec ainier in Paris, and I was on inti- male leriiis wilh her son. Prince Paul; so that the con- versaliim soon turned im those two meinliers of her fa- mily, flir whom she rnlrrlained the i t ardent niVeelioii. It was enough to siMwik of them ill U mis of admiration 111 obfniii her tslecin and lVieuilslii|«. The eonimineeincnt of the |H'rtiirmances was now on- iiouneed by all the lights Ising put out. After an appro, piiale overture, executed hy an oreheslru coni|HsH'd only iif harps nnd I'reneli horns, the eiirlniii wns drnwn, and pres.iiled a seeiic cnlhd the S|miii»li conversntion. Tho seeoiid was llie siihji ct of a piitiire drawn by a young Kniieh nrlisi, repriHinliiig I^iuis XIV. nt ifie feet of .Madame de la Vnliere. This scene wus exeenled by tho jouiig Ciiiiit 'rrautinnnsdorirand Ihc hcauliftd CmiUss /.ielii.' They were Udh of them inwsessi d of sujicrior allrailiiins: and there wns such nn expression of emolion in the li'atures of tlu' cumil, anil of i. in that of thu couiituss, that thu ill iilineeiieo nnd ninriii usioii was reiidercil tVliili. faiiey ball- nre laiitMi.liliij r.u nam i.r«|ilrll ill Kiiiilaln. Mil is-iiiiiiil rhaini'ti r-, », nn,ii,| ,„t^,- , niinili.r winiir Ih.. «iil»llniiioiiol/„.i»^^(rl«r..,»|,(,.|,wniii,|iiiinl.li n rniliiiml nml. Ill tills ciiiiiilry. niivi'l iiiiKir nl nieriali nl siiil wlili n Jiiillrlinis 111 ci. orFiihJiriii, w.iiiUI i< ii.l I iiiai fiai.ii,: i|.,,n ami Ii iitinit. — >:,/, linir.ive- ^ i^i". !. ■-n, ■;4: .'f '.t .'t '- 1 ',-S m IV '. it4 'i'^W \M JUirRNAL UF A NOIiLK.IIAN •' V. V'" m^ I'l ".'iii|>li'te. 'I'liu lliird sivtii^ wiim Uikcii troiii i.c (JroK' Ic:liirt', n-Il^l'^(.llIill;; lliji|MiIytii> jiiHlityin^ liiiiitfcti' ti) TiicsrttH a^diii»>l llii' ut'Ciisiilini) (it* I'jiifdra. 'I'lic Hiibji'i'tH of Hum; lucturiH, ri iiri'iTiitcil liy llii iitOHt ilistiii);tiHiit:(i |»4 rsuns ut nnirt, u itii C()^tllllu'S ho liiaL,'iiitii.x'iil jiiil u|i|irii|iri,ilr, with xliadrN uiid li^'lits ilis- po.snd 1:1 lilt' iiiiirtt iiiusltrly iiiuuiii'r hy Is-ibcy, lu-t-cssa- rily cM'iU'd grrttl uiiiiiirutiuii. Il U iiiiiHisnilili', luiHt v< r, tU jlld^JL' oflili; HIK^cils llt'lllU)riu cllVtl prudlll'I'll, witliiiut li.'i\iiit( witiiussid tlic I'xiiiliilidii, 'I'lir iiiiiiiuliility ol'tiii' iij(iirf.-4 wu:j iii:iiiit.iiiiL>d in a Kiirprisin^r iimiiiuT ; liiit Hhtl' H'urr utlitiidos no cviri'iiiily l)ili)riiiii(;, that lh:, uiid the curtain dru|i|icii uii tUcni kiminlt tliun the K|icutuliiri^ cuuld liavc uinhud. The li(;htii were now restored, uiid whilat Ihrilramalii tumiiniin were lieiii); |>re|>ared, relreshnioiits of ull kinds were wived round to the aiidieiiee. The lirst |ierforiiianee was the well known roniiince, Partiitit /Mill /iiiNyiir, eoni|iuKed hy thetjineii llortelixe.* It wuii executed hy AI iileinoiiiellc (■oulianit, dan^rhtcr of the Dutch minister liaroii tloiilMiilt, who is now git- veriior of l-'russels. Her voice was extremely melodious, and she t»ing tiie uir with nil cxijnisitu expression ; whilst the youni; Count SehiLMifeld uiid the youiif^ Prin- cess l'liili|istadt expressed tile meaning; ol the words tlirou^h iniinic action. 'I'lii'y were secoiiih'd by a full chorus of both sexes, and the variety of (rruuping, the tif^ures esiM'cially, during Ihu inarriu|;e stanza, the jicr- fvction of the chorus, — all proly to her. Shi' was extremely yoiiii;; when suddenly transferred lo a court resplendent with military (flory. Her amiahle disposition wos not in the remotest manner ntfieted by the brilliant turn of her prospi'i'ts. .\eillier iin|K'rial |Hiinp, nor re((al honours, could priKluee any nlli'falion in her, und she has always ri'lained her nioih'sl and unnirecled manners. Xor docs the privniioti of nil these honours npjx'ar to have r education aiul the means al her command have fully develo|H.'d. The prince has, therefore, very justly oliscrved that she wields a seeplre of which notliiii); can deprive her. She muKa most cxipiisitcly, and plays di'livliHully on various instruments, ."^he coniposes very prettily, and draws in (rreal |N'rfection. No Indy in Paris danced more (jrace. I'ully than she did. lint what can never Ir fiir(;ollcn by •trinirers who were in the habit of visitin;; Paris durini; the time of her (.'ri'nliH'ss lliire, is thi' urbanity whicli IriIIi herself and her mother evinced toward those who had the honour of iM'coniimj known to llieni. They accmcd IhiIIi of them aa if desiroiui of smiHithinK the dittirully iilrhi->s nf Hi I Till' nnilir will Miiii tiliiinlii i> to tl rtiNisMrr*, <«.t Mlili'li ilitre Is dm t!ii|fliii|i word, la tlio .Mviiiiiiri iif lloftCIM*. ' f.W. and I conli'ss that I detest those who are ever seeking a inolive lor every demonstration of kindness, and who af- fect to doubt that amiable i|ualities can spriiifr from na tnral ini]iulses." When liie sovereigns i|uittcd their Hcatu the company repaired to the great ball roam, whi're every thing hud lui n prepared liir duneiiig. I otTi'red my arm lo the Princess f^lcrhiuy,* and she allowed iiiu to reiiiuin by her the rest of the evening. .VII those who had tigured ill the representation had kept on their dramutie costumes, and as their nmnlier was I onsidirublc, they Ibrined separate qiiadrilles among themselves, whicli added much variety and animation lo the scene. 'J'liese fetes, in which dancing was intro- duced, were frei|uently as useful to young diplomatists in the furtherance of |>olitical objects, us in giving un agree- able relaxation lo their lulsiiirs. -Ml restraint was laid aside on suih occasions, and piditicians of a iiiulurer age assembled in groii|M's in various parts of the room, dis- cussing grave subjects without reserve. The young wallzers would occasionally stop short near these groups, und, apparently oi-eupicd exclusively wilii their uniiisc- inent and their fair partners, would listen attentively to the conversations of the |H>litieians. A word or sentence pronounced by any jierson of note, orteii served to govern diploinulie proceedings in a manner which puzzled uiaiiy to discover how their thought!) or inteiitions could have been gnessetl at. The ICinperor Alexander had o|K'ned the ball with the Eiiipreas of Austria, by a polonaise, a kind of dancing march with which the court balls are always begun, in un adjoining apartment several ineinbers of the corpi dtplutnnliiiue were seated gravely at the whist table ; a rciTcation which scemcil tu liavu Ih'Coiuc indisjicnBahle to their ininiKtcriul lalwurs. i\ niagniliciMit supper was scrveil up ut twelve o'clock. The sovereigns sat ilown to the table which had been re- served lor them, and tlic rest of the company took their seals al other tables without any observance of etiquette ir disliiielioii of ranks. These bampiets were always nagnilleeiit und expensive. It was calculated that up to the oicasion of which I am speaking, they hud coat the ein|H'ior thirty millions of llorins. Hut then tlic money spent in Vn'ima by the strangers, attracted eitlier by business or curiosity, wus estimated to amount to no less lliuii a hiindred thousand Horiiis; and every one knows the means employed by Collxrt to rc|)leiiisli the exhaust- d eoti'ers of his inaaler. Soon nrter the sovereigns had withdrawn, dancing cenwil, ond every one went to seek in rest a new acces- sion of atrenglh and spirits for pleasures long licforc marked out by the chain of uniuseinenls provided for acli successive day. CIIAPTEIl XI. .Ncnpollinn iti|iliimHl>ip mid ntlurri — MNiiwikuiii of \hv Arrh- ilMlrlsMi ( tirthlillB—F.ti llllu's or lllrellnir uinonil llie luirjely nl \'ieliiia— HIiiiHrhtii ol till' N(U|H(llliiii li-ualiiiii al llle i.'iiii;;rt'fH— 'I'Im* Crater— Mi'eiinx nliti Uie Kni|N.-riii Ali'xnnler and I'rince Kiiporre. Ill the midst of atormi I have heard men relate the cventa of tinit^ past, and I have lent an attentive ear tn their nnrrulions. Now, when in port, I love to call to mind anecdotes of tlie celebrHled persunn who have bmii my fellow passengera in the ditiercnt voyages 1 have inadu on the great oceun of life. .\t a breakfast given by Prince Cariati, Murat's ininia ler at the court of Aiislrin, I found naDcinblcd the Dukes di Uoeeu Koinana and Cuni|io Cliiuro, Meaarn. Schininn and (irillilhs, (General Kilangieri, an T'oiint dc Witt. I'he cnnveraution turned un the line arts, nnd the lirnu- liful monunients of areliitecturu and sculpture which adorn the Austrian capital. Among the most remark- able were cited SI. Stephen, the ei|uealrian statue of Jose| li II., the tomb of Prince Kiigene, iSkc. Hut Vienna was acknowledged lo lie richer in inonuinenta of private alTeclion than in those of public gratitude ; and among the former wna mentioned one, which waa said In Im; pe- ulinrly worthy the admiration of foreigners. This was the inaiisoleiim erected by the Duke of Saxe Tcachen to the meuiory of his coniort, the Archdutclieaji Cliriatina .\s some id the party had not vet seen it, they prnpoard Inking a view of it nnor hreiiklast ; and, na I won curious to hear llii^ opinion of llieio Uistlnguiahed Ituliuna on • Till' Prlnri'* I'slrrliary, who nr). nl Ihe lii'sil iirilic Mun||nrlnn iliiliilllv, nri' nilsiliH die ilrliisl iimIiIciiii'M iiI' Fui(i|N'- 'rili' I'silill) I'sliili'ii virlil aii'vrniii'oriiiiiti' Ihniilno liiiiiilnil ilioiisniiil |>iiinil« •nrllitu |H-r niinuiii. TIh' ttenni)' nl' ttii* iitiiiieis t'l'if alluiltil 10, Is n IIm'uh- or Rcneinl iiiliMilrnt In Ilie llliliesi rlri li«; ■lie nilils ti lier fN'riMiiml H|its'iitiiii<-i' liy iIh' imiim Rrnri'l'iil niirt CruriiiRiinn innii iwiB, wliirh are coisiulrraii a inudal ol vhrfanca and tun tm.—Ua. Ihe e.\i|uisite production of their gilled countryiiian, | ollired my services as their cir.eioin; We uccordinj,! repaired lo the church of St. Aiignstin, where, in a mnyj eha|K'l ereeled fur the purpose, stands Cuiiovu's thoUlSllu|^, claim to iininorlalily. .Near tiie summit of u gray marble pyramid, Ihci:|). eight feet high, an angel hovers, with a medallion, Uj^. ing the likeness of the lainented arclidutehess. .\ li,,,, sleeping on the ste|>s of the niausolcuni, guards its ,,' trance, while thetienius oftirief iH'iidsover tin: lion, in t|, attitude of proibund meluneholy. Virtue, who bears in ,g urn the ashes of tlic archdutclicss, guides Innuceiat ;.i.q Purity to the steps of the inonuiiient; while Charily, m,. imrtiiig an aged man, directa the stc;'s of a weeping <,;. plian to the suiietuary of everlasting re|)ose. The liuui,, are tlie size of lite, and exliibit the most masterly eiuu. lion. The cuiiteniplation of tiiis monument excites a iW'in; of adinirution und nielancholy ; a niingled eiiioiiiiu which no language can udeipinlcly dcserilM'. The bck, di Itoccn Itomanu, an enlightened connoisseur of ;,ri made many judicious olwervulionH on it. Al\cr proisin; the perfect representation of the tceblenesa of age, in ihg K^ure of the old man ; tlie ehaato dignity of the ligim ol Charity ; tlie re|)ose of tlic lion, &.e., ho added : "Boi even the sun has its spots; and I cannot but condcnii the spread wings of the (iciiius of Urief, which are u little in miiaoii witli the complete mental dejecliou a preased in the attitude." There in so much poetry in tlie languogc of educaii^ Italians, and they possess audi just and ready discrinu. nation in all that regards the fine arts, that in listcnini to the remarks of tlie duke and his friends, I «» 1 thousand beauties in this chef il'auvre, which had bctirn cseajied my attention, und I seemed to view it now lu the Hrst time. There were in the church several other foreigners »lio like ourselves, had been attracted thither by curiotii; The eonversntiuu soon became general, and only m sentiment prevailed, namely admiration. The habit of meeting each other every day in Vicui created among persons of dilfercnt countries a son 0' friendly feeling, which was botli interesting and ogm.l uble. Vienna is so small a city, and its plavca of publit| resort so numerous, that |ieopIc no sooner purled lliu I they met again. Tims, in the space of a few dayn.u I ucquuintunce was forn)ed which would have rcquin^l many montJis' growtii in another capital, ond under othnf circumstances. I Count de Witt, witli whom I was engaged to dine nl Princess Snpiegha's, pro|iosed lliut we ehould take a liuil on the Prater, Is'fore the hour ap|iointeil for diniiir. Ail some of the gentlemen who hud uccom|ionied us to uSf I church of St. Stephen were to stay only a few day!:i| Vieiini, they naturally wished to make the most nf Urtsr time in seeing every thing that was remarkable in tin I Austrian capital. VV c nceordingly lel\ them lo ronlinnil their excursions, while wo mingled with the proinrniil era in the grand ulley of the Prater, which every dayul three o'clock wns the resort of oil the rank and bcautvii| Vienna. The Englisliwomcn were remarkobic for comIiI dress, the fair Poles for elegance, and the German liiliii| for simplicity. I On the way our conversation turned on the dillituil sittmlion of the Neapolitan legation at the congrrKs. Tttl coimt shrowdly analysed the characters of the |s'ri«i| eom|Mi«ing it, and gave to each, individually, full rrril for a fund of good faith, which deserved to he eiM|ilonir in n iH'tter cause. " I renlly pity," said he, " the |ie('uliir| INisition in which they stand ninnng un. They arr|»| sent nt nil the fetes nnd parlies : fur every body lliink!i an indisiiensable murk of eiiiirlei,y to send them intiitl tions, wlilcli they coni'eive it tn 1h' llieir duly to arrr|(l Hilt they must U) blessed with a good share of rourif lo enable them tu endure the reserve with which I nre treated ; they Be«-ni lo form a sort of foi/is iliflt < I' other nlK-eta simplicity. I am particularly sorry lix H Duke di Cain|K> (liiarn and Prince Cnriali, whose inm tions are honourable and u|iright, but who must nrn rily conlriid unsueeessl\illy iigninst the iM'rfuhoun r aellnrs who circumvent their King nnd nre j>re|Hirin{ Il ruin. Casllerengh olwerved tn me, the oilier dav, II4 the conduct of Murnt would infallibly cost him lii^i Still, however, aa long as he is ii|k>ii the throne, Il t* Ih' but right to abatnin tVom indecorous inveelivFa{i a mail wliusv ili'VutvU rank uuglit tu shield him froi^ kii' AT TIIK CONtiUESS OF VIENNA. 1»7 couiitryiiiaii, I Vc iiti'oriliinn :iuri', in n mii«;; IVU'S tllUUMllul'^j ^rainid, Ibimj. lUCilaHion, kat tcllCSB. A llct, , guards its u,. i;r tin: lion, iiui,. who Irt'ars iiiij j s Iimotinc-i ;,; lileCliiirily.sn of a weciiijn; • osc. Till' (\i\ua . maBtcrl)' I'ltcu. . excites a iVtlui iiingleil iiiiulion, ^rilM'. 'I'l'i^ I'lik' nnoissiMir of ;n ' i. After proisiiif I ^ess of agi', in the I ;nity of lilt ligiiK I I, ho added : " Bui inot but condciui I ricf, which arc u | •nUl dejcclimi ■■ Tuagc of cducalM I nd ready discrina. I I, that in li»teiimj | J frienda, I r, whicli had bel'ott I to view it no* l« I ther foreigners »1» hillicT by euriotils 1 lerol, and only o» | ion. , every day in >iciii,il countries a mwil lercBling and ngml il its placcii of puWn | , sooner imrttd lln ,. of a lew tiny*."! ould have rc<)Uirf7 •"■ n .overybo«ly think" ' ^to «iid them in'* lllieir duly to tmf-' mkI Hhare of oourjfl |rvc with which' Vrt of r017.11 tltfii lition in reiidfrrJ .. The drew « for the king, t«*' |loi>l<'d by bin hf"*' I ill hi« d"'"' "' licularly wrry loi ll'nriati, whowini |ut who muni ni-i the iwrfidiou' " kml are i.rei«tiiis 1 the oilier day," ll'v eoiil him hi' III the Ihroiie. il » Iroim iiivrelive «r lo .hieW 1"'" ''* I, Besides, the very fact of our having iirofited by tlie * 'l „i' Miirut when il was necessary to us, should "ow be an inviolable shield to him ; for had the King of N;il.l.s allorded to Napoleon tliu sup|K)rt which he gave ' [j^ii in iirubahle that we should not now hear the diko of Lady ("astlereagh's li, and his lordship's fondness for dancing. " Tliere nothing extraordinary in that," observed rrinee Eu- 111' ; " (laiieiiig is tlie amusement of all times, and fre- li'iitly of all ages: Socrates learned lo dance from jiasia; and at filly-six, Cato the censor danced oftener 1 Lord Caslh'reagh now does." This remark made I'lniH-ror smile. Alexander's noble and hiindsoine iiilciiaiiee would have" lioen c '••cdingly imposing but It an expression of mildness ;em|>ered its dignity. ic pMsl iialiired attention with wliii'h he listeni'd to ii'plies that were addressed to liiin captivated all I whiini he conversed. He was adored by those who ved the honour of his intimacy ; and the simplieity liis manners, together with his easy |iolituncss and iiutry, won all hearts at Vienna. '0 oviiid the embarrassment of precedency of rank iiijt the sovereigns, the EmiM-ror Alexander pro|M)Bed il Khould be determined by age. 'I'hc moiiarehs irdin^'ly took their rva|HJclivu roiiki in the following r :— I. King of Wirtonihurg, born in 1751. 'J. King of Itavuria, ITSt!. II. King of Denmark, 17G8. I. Vjii|Hror of .\u8lria, 17G8. .'1. King of Prussia, 1770. li. Kiii|ieriir .\lexander, 1777. iDiiiit de Witt and I did not long enjoy the gratifica larising from our interesting rencounter. It wns in pi'lril hy Princess de la Tour el Taxis, who alighted lifr carriage to accost the Emperor Alexander l|iiln('ess, who is sister to the late Queen of Prussia, tko di>tinguished for the graces of her person nnil limiiiipliiiliiiienU of her mind. The ein|><>rur ami Kn^rine having each offered her his arm, the Il m\ I withdrew to prolong our walk as flir as tin Vlans. »)' were going along I imule mime inquiry alsuil J'.iilaing. " .\h !" exclaimed the general, " your In;""":"'. Ma foi I if ailvaneenient be the nutura" <|iniiu' (if Hie law of motion, I will answer for bis '. "n under me. Ity way of beginning, I sent him it>y as a courier lo Si. Pelcriburg. Ho will find sledges on the frontiers ; and he will have an oppiirluiiity f idiiipariiig his quiet |R'destrian pilgiiiiiage to Vi< iiiio with his sliding journey I'roin Vicuna lo St Petirs- hurgh." 'i'hc Emperor Alexander liuil given Coiint de Wilt some orders relative to a military Ic-lival, whieh was lo take place on u very lirilliaiit scale. Dc Witt entered ni a long string of observations on the ninvemeiils ol' regi- meiils, maiueuvrcs, plans of campaign, KVe,; (tetail^ which he thoroughly imderslond ami lovi'd to eun\ersi* about. The Emperor .Vh'.vander's olficcrs, thoiii;h most of them were still very young, had already made so many campaigns and taken part in so many hatllis, thai war had heeonie their clement, and they spoke of it liki veterans reposiiii: on their laurels. I might easily have recorded in iiiy notes tlie versions yiveii hy my friciiils of the operatimis of the difrerent armies during the la.'>l ten yeais of the war. Dili my objict was lo write ! book of uniuseincul, and not a treatise on military tae tics. 1 recollected the observation of the Prince dc Ligne : " 'I'liat there is as little lo Ih' gniiird hy weary- ing llie French as by amusing the I.aeedemonians." t.'M.\FTEU XII. Prince "'laliri'inhi rg— I'riiii'i' Paul ^apii'iilia and ^lillce^s Sniiii'^lia — Moie ri'iiiHrks rrlilllve lo PolHit t — KiiHcillsko. Memory is the bei)uest of the past to the present and the future : it is a treasure which remains when every other is lost. Conquered nations are deprived of their inde|K'iuIcnee, their prosiierity, and even their names ; but the voice of meinory passes over the ocean of ages, and elevates to a sphere of immortality Uie glory of their sages and heroes. When I arrived at Princess Sapieglia's at the hour ap- pointed for dinner, I met Prince Stahremhi^rg just goiii;; out. lie had declined the primess's invitation on ac- count of a previous engagement with Lord Stewart. I hud nol had an opportunily of paying iiiy resjiects to the prince since my arrival in Vienna, and he accept- ed my apologies with his usual goml natured |Hiliteness, which was aeeoin|Kiiii<'d hy an air at oiue dignified and easy. I enquired after his faihily, whose arrival he daily expected. " I am glad," said he, sinilinjr, " to fmd tlial you have not forgotten them." " 'i'iic kind attentions i received iVom tlieiii," replied 1, " would have sutlieed to fix them in iny recolhcthui, independently of the extra- ordinary circumstance connected with my first uilrmluc- lion nt the castle of ." " Pray, w hat is that ex- traordinary circumstance 7" enquired i'rinee Supiegha. " I will leave Monsieur lo lell it you," said the princess; " his memory ap|K'ars to Ik' very retentive." Stime of the princess's friends now entered ; among the numlier were Princes Lubomirski nndZerlwerlinsky (chamberlains to the Emp<'ror Alexander), Counts Zavii. duwski and Koinar, the beautiful (.'ountess Rosalie Ileze- wouska, Mr. Mctzcl, Cciieml Krneinsky, I'rinee Paul Sapiegha, and a .Monsieur Aide who was regularly met every where. Prince I'aul, the princess's cousin, was the same who distinguished himself in all the battles in whieh ll.c Poles had Ihcii engaged. He was deeply enamoured of his cousin, and lie has proved that a pro- found attachment may liecoiue the source of llie nobh-sl actions. His niihl and dignified countenanec assumed an animated expression whenever he alluded lo his coin rades or his country. Shortly after the congress lie was united to his cousin, Al table, the conversation at first turned on the amuse ments of Vienna ; a fertile field, for they varied almost dally. From lliu eurrenl aneedotes of the day, we pro. ecetlcd to discuss more serious siihjeets, and very nutii rally dwelt 011 the fat(^ of Poland, whieh is always and every where up|K'rmnst in the thoughts of the I'oles. Much was said resjioeting the chances which the new organisation of INihind presented for the future happi- ness of the country. 'I'lie measure was considered umier every (lossible fiirm ; and some doubts were expressed rea|N'cting the sincerity of the promises that had Ih'cii made, and tlu- (lossihility of their execution. This litlli feeling of distrust was neither to lie wondered at nor eondcinned. 'I'hc I'oles have Ujcii often enough llic vie tiilis of iheir blind credulity. " However," obsirved /ertwertinsky, " the conurcsa has deterniliied that the Poles, who are the re«|K:ctive subjects of Kiissiu, Auslrin, ami Prussia, shall ohtaiii uallomil iiisllliiliuns reKulaled according to llie sort of |Mililieul exislence which those governments may think pro|H.'r to grant lo lliem. This lielermination is at h'ast generous. Il enables us to um- hraec a shadow of our country, and we shall no longer sev our rounlrymcii wandering abroad, uiicvrtaiii wheri to find a ri sting pi.ite." i \enliired lo desenhe the eeii- \> i.^alioii "f tin prmdiiii; eveiiiii); liitueiii M. Ncrvos- ^il.''of and the I'riiice de i.igin', ami i quoted from me- mory some passagts wliieli the lOmperor .Me.\amh r had writtiii in ills own hand on liie niaiiuseri|it project of the eoll^litlltioll. " 'i'his is siiirteieiilly consolatory," said (u-ueral Ivra- I'insky ; " for it is with nations as with individuals, little eircuno-taiiees fre(|iieiilly di terininc iheir I'iile. 'i'hese eii'i-iiiiistiuues slioiild be sei/.ed on and tuiiied to good ueeount, for they occur only at distant intervals. Per- haps the hour of our re(ri ii< ration has arrived, and w ill make us lorget that monstrous dismeiiiberiiieiit, the first attack upon the e^i^tellee of nations since tlie dou iifall of the Itoiiian empire, and the great imurtions of the northern harliarians." " i I'xpeet shortly to sec koseiiisko in Vienna," suiil the Countess iiosalle. " Our Paris friends being of opi- nion that his pre.«enec here nii|;lit he serviei able lo the interests of our eouiilry, requested him to eoine. lie imniediately acceded to our wishes ; mid I doubt not that his advice, which will he given in the noble confidence of truth, will have great weight with our king ; tor the emperor has always eiiteiiuined u liicii esteem fiir him." " When I lately left ivoseiiisko at I'aris," said I'riiicc iiuliomirski, "he gave me the copy of a letter which he had addressed to the emperor, and which breathes senti- ments of the most devoted patriotism, lie formerly re- sisted NaiKileon's cllbrts to render him the instrument of a general insurrection. lie fiiresaw that it would he at- tended by no iKlter icsults than those which have al- ready followed our many fruitless sacrifices. He now thinks the moment more favourable for fixing our future destiny, and he expresses his hopes and wishes in his letter to the enqHTor. .\s i hap|H'ii to have il about me, I will, with your iKrmission, read il. " 'Sire, — If i venture from iiiy retirement to address iiiy urgent prayers lo an exalted monarch, it is iK'cause I regard us the greatest of men hiiii whose magnaiiiinily equals I'is genius. In the confidence whieh thiseonvie- lioii inspires, I supplicate that your imperial mujesly, the benefuclor of mankind, will grant an unrestrieled amnesty to I'oland ; that the peasants now in foreign eoimlries may he frie on reluriiiiig to their native land ; — that your majesty on declaring yourself king of Po- land, will give her a eonstilulion simil.ir to that of (ireat Ihituin; — that public scIkhiIs, fiir the instriiethin of the isasantry he established and maintaiiied out of the liiiids of the regency ; — that slavery shall he aliolished in ten years, and at the expiration of whieh lime every laliourcr iKcoine the owner of a piece of ground, which he has himself eiihiviitcd. " ' Should my prayers be listened to. Sire, I have only one more Inion lo ask, which is, thul I may be permitted, Ihougli ill, lo come and throw myself at your feet, to take the first oath of fidelity to you, and to render that homage due to you as my sovereign, and the bt iiefaetor of my country.'" "'1 his," exclaimed the Counless Rosalie, " is worthy of Kosciusko. His heroic patriotism will, no doubt, be duly appreciated by the sovereign who said, — ' May peace and eoiitenl onee more reign Ihroiighoul the world ! may every nation derive happiness from its ow n laws and go- vernment ! may religion lie rcsiseled, and the arts and sciences eneouraged fiir the (reiieral lienefit of mankind" These noble words of .McxanihT will he fiilfilled. Kos- I'iusko will recall them to his miijesly's recollection." " What did Kosciusko suy," enquired Prince Paul Sapiegha, " lo the story which has recently appcareil in the public pu|K'rs, and which redounds so hifrlily to his honour ?" — " In spite of his inodesly," riplicd Prince Lnlsimirski, " I could plainly |K'reeive lliut he was pleased with that uiiquestioiialile mark of the res|K'el in which he is held." " Hut is the slorv as related really true?" — " The facts are these," said llie prime : "(hi the invapion of France hy the allied trniqis, a party of eossucks entered a little village, called Cugiiy, near Ilerville, where they pursued Iheir usual course of s|)oliation and plunder. "I'liey reached a rural habitation, and having broken down the fenw which enchised llio grounds, they imirched towards llie house. At the door lliey were met by an idd man, w ho endeavoured lo |Hiinl out lo them Ihe injustice and erui'lly of Iheir unsohlier. like eondiiel. Hut the lawless lioriie, brandishing their s|H'ars over his head, declared Iheir determinalion lo pil. hiire the eotluge. ' Sihhers,' suid the
    "''"' never promised iii vain, proved how Alexander identified himself with the lio|)eH of his new subjects. Oil his return from the conpress of Vienna, Kosciusko met at Suleiirc bis old friend .M. /eltiier. This circum- stance induced liim to fix his residence in Switzerland. The l.'illi of October, 1HI7, was a diiy of eternal mourn- iiig for Poland. Kosciusko died at S>leurc of a nervous fever, in the arms of his friend Zeltner, regretted by all the inhabitants of the canton, and above all, by tlie un- Ibrtunalc whom he loved to collect around him. When, on the 3Ist of t)ctol)cr, the last honours were rendered to the Polish general in the ("burch of Saint Kocb, in Paris, (Jeneral Iiafayetle seized the op|>orlunity of expressing the attachment and rcspi'Ct lie had always ontnrlnined for his old companion in arms. The numer- ous friends to whom Kosciusko's noble ipialities had en- deared him during a long residenci? in France altcndeil bis funeral, and seemed to dejilore his loiis like that of a brother. Men who have defended the laws of their country, without dishonouring the just cause by any unworthy net, well deserve a tribute of public homage at th<^ mo- ment when the tomb closes over their mortal remains. Kosciu'ko was honoured, even by the sovereigns against whom he had bonu^ arms in detence of liis country. Mefi)re the company rose from talili- riubtmiirski pro. posed the health of the Polish hero ; a toast which, of i;ourse, met the cordial approbation of all present. During dinner |>olitics were discussed; but when the ilesscit was laid. Princess Sapiegha pressed me to relate the anecdote to which Prince StabremlK'rg had alluded. " It imssisRcs no interest, madam, to any one but nw," I rcjilied : " I doubt whether it will atford you the least lunuBcntcnt However, if such bo your wish, you elmll Jiear it" CIIAPTKR XIII. Ani>cilnlc< nllniliil to hy Prliirr PinlitemlHri!— Ruins nf narnslcin— l'nfi|H>fii>il nievutip Willi n lH>iiiitii'tii joiiiiu iilrl uiimim it'ciii— llur jir.tsriicu tlii.Tt: ucrimiili'il liir. " When I sit ilown to collect my scattered recollections, I am carried back in iiiiagiinitioii to scenes which I shall certainly nevir sei' again ; and tc'el revivi'd those dreams of early lile to wliieli I owe so many di liglitfiil hours. If these sketches Hboiiiid in romantic iiiciilents, it is Ih'- caiise Biicli incidents have lM:en of frcipient occurrence (luring my life. " .Miniit two years ago, some inijiorlant business which till banking-lioiKe of Toiirtoii and Kavil had to transact with Prince .StnlireinlM'rg imliiced the head of that firm to go to Vienna. " On leaving the Austrian cnpilal, M. Tonrton, who linil Iseii long my banker and friend, pro|)OKi d returning to Paris by the way of .Munich. At that time I also in- tended to visit llavaria, and I joyfully accepted .M. Tonrton's offer to travel with liini, " Prince ."^taliremls-rg, wishing to net off to his coun- try residi nee Is'llirc the business was finally arrnngei! with M. Tourton, iii\iled the latter to slop on bis way to Munich nl the caslln of •>•••, sifiialed on the exlreme frontier of Ausfris. The prince, on learning that I was to be M. ToRrton's Iruvelling eompanioii, |Hilili ly in. eluded iiic in the invitation ; and a few days ofterwards we set off on our journey. " In cnnscipience of an accident wbicli liap|icncd to our carriage, we were obliged to stop at KiiimcrBdorf, and, according to the custom of travellers, I asked what there was worth seeing in the town and its neighliour- hood. ' Very little in the town,' replied our jiustcsa ; ' but |>crhB|>s you have never seen the ruins of the castle of Diirnstcin, which all travellers visit who pass this way. You of course know that it is the place in which Richard ("iriir de Lion was confined; and if you woubl like to go and see it, I will send you a guide.' 1 accepted my laiid- laily's offer, and asked M. Tonrton to acconipany me ; but lie bail some accounts to reviw, and he liegged me to excuse biiii. " .\tler crossing tlic IHiiulio in a little Imal, kept at this place tiir the acconimiulatioii of travellers, I ascend- eil, with considerable dillieulty, an almost |M'rpeiiilicnlar rock com|)osid of huge masses of granite. Its base is washed by the river, and on its summit stands the easth' of Duriislein. " The banks of the Damilie arc celebrated for the di- versity of their pieturesipie scenery ; but to describe the biaiity of this |>articular s|iot v\'oulil reiiuirc the pencil of a Claude or a Unysdall. The grand s|H'Ctaclcs created by the baud of natni'c seem to acquire new lustre from historical associations. 'I'hus while 1 gazed on the ruins of Unrnstein, I fancied I saw hovering around them the shades of the great Saladin, Frederick Kcd Ik-ard, Philip of France, the Knigbts of St. John aiidtlie 'I'einple, who, from the desi-rtji of Syria, came to render homage to Uie courage of Plantagcnct Cn.ur do I/ion. ' Since the year IBlfl, when llie Swedes made them, selves masters of this castle, it has been nothing but a heap of ruins, now |>artly eoncealeil by ivy. However, the tower in which Richard is said to have been confined still exists entire. " I had considerably outstripped my guide in my im- patience to reach the scene of lilondel's devoted fidelity, and of Ibv love of .Margaret of Flanders for the illustri- trious prisoner. You may imagine my surprise when, at the entrance of a cavern dug in the rock (wliich is said to have been Richard'y dungeon), I beheld a young female, whose exquisite beauty seemed to realise all tliat imagination can conceive. She appi-arcd to lie about sixteen years of age. The dazzling fairness of her com- plexion was shaded hy the blush of modesty. A girdle encircled her slender waist and confined a light rolic of muslin, while some ringlets of bi'autiful fair liair waved over her forebeail, and descended in graceful clusters ujion her neck of alabaster. Sho had in her hand a small drawing and a porte-crayon. She glided past me so rapidly that I had not time to utter a word, even if I eould have presumed to do so; but the mute language of my eyes must have sutficiently expressed my nilmiratioii, Sill! descended a jiath cut in the rock, and I followed her with my looks as long as shu continued in sight ; — nay, I stood gazing after her even when the little trees and shrubs which here and there cluster on the mountain had concealed her from my view. On recovering from my reverie, it seemed as it tliu U^autifiil object whom 1 had just Is'lield was all I had come to see. With her all the interest of the scene had vanished. The cavern, that moniimi nt of tieacliery, seenu d like a temple, the presid- ing deity of which had for a moment revealed her jire scncc, and then disappeared. Thus are the most jiowcrful cinntinns excited by the most simple cause*. " I hastily made a sketch of the ruins, without stop- ping to read the innnmerable names inscribed on the stone walls of the tower, or the versi's in various lan- guages, which I saw traced on the projecting masses of rock. I ileseended the mountain, anxiously hoping to catch another glimpse of the beautiful incognita; but I saw no niori' of her. I reached the liiuit and gained the opposite bank of the river, dreaming on what now a|i- peared to me to be a vision of anoUier world. " Aller reimmeratiiig my guide, I returned to the inn, where ,M. Tourton informed iiic, with no snnll mnrlifiea tioii, that our carriage required more repairs than had at first Is'in siipiHiM'd, and that we could not leave Fm- iiierMlorf that night. I sat down to finish my sketch of Durnsteiii, and 1 showed it to M. ToiirtoiH at the same time relating to him my delightful advi iitiire of the morning. ' 'I'ravellers, |H)ets, and |iiiinlers,' said he, ' have the privilege of sieing wonders every where, and I slionid not Is; Hiirprised if, Don Qiiixotclike, you have inistaken somenidiiy milkmaid for a heroine of roinanee. However, your sketch is very pretty, niid on your return to Paris, you may coiiipurc it with that madi' by Henon, from which the Thralrr h'ti/drau copied tin) scene for Circtry's opera of Richard Cicur dc Lion.' " Next morning at duy-brcak we eontlniii d our jonrncr, passing along u iH-aiitiful road Isirdervd with Irrci In full blossom, which shed the mott delicious |icrfunir, TV beautiful prosiiects which arc every where visible liituriii tlie trn.'s rt^ndcr tllis |>art of Lower Austria a rcrfix: paradise to tlie traveller. " My companion, who was much fatif^ucd, having m up the whole of tlin preceding night, fell asleep ini corner of the carriage, and left nie to muse uiidii^turlicill( on the object which hud so greatly cbariiicd nir, uil from which I now thought myself si-|iarated for ever. " Four good burses and a liticrul allowance of trillk|^|li to our (lostilions, soon enabled us to clear tv^clvc (Irraun |iosLs ; and ut five o'clock we reached the cnstle of I'rii.i, StabremlK-rg. The prince received us with all the rt,r. dial hosjiitulity lor wliich be is distinguished. lie |ii|„. self conducted us to our cbamls-rs, where we fninc taste and splendour combined with those contfoiti «hi(,i the prince had brought with him from Fngland, (Inn he hud king resided as ambassadnr. 'Now, grntlrmu. said the prince, ' I Iio|m' you will dispense vkitli ceri'npor.; We dine at six o'clock ; and when you have finislHj dressing, I shall \k happy to present you to my faiiuit " We were not long at our toilet, and on drwfui ing to the drawing-room, we found the princi-N> audi few ladies assembled. The prince immediately intri. duced us : — but what was my astonishment, on adv-iiitit. to make my bow to the princess, to m-c, seated toMw iier the saiiie lovely girl whom I had met tllc prectiii:; day at the ruins of Durnstein ! So great was my nmu. niciit, that I could not repress an exclamation, which i/ course not a little surprised the com|nnr. The princnt for by tiiat title she was now introduced to mc, aiipnm no less confused than I, I thought the best way to |M an cud to this embarrassment was candidly to cipka the cause of it. ' .Madum,' said I, addressing Prinm Stahrenilierg, ' (lermit me to ajiologisc for an eicluc. tion which must have apiicarcd to you very citracit. nary. The trutli is, I could not help licing astuul-lu at unexpectedly ineeling here a young lady wlHm ! could (were it not inqiossible) almost swear I sau vt<.j terday at the ruins of Hurnstiin.' ' Yes, maniina,' iu{ the young princess, colouring, 'the gentleman i» qts right. While the carriage was getting ready I ascfialKl to the castle in order to finish a sketch of one ol' Dil views of the Danulic, and at the entrance of lliilii* Tower I met this gentleman.' ' That rencounter in>{ lie easily accounted for,' said Prince Slalircinbcr|>. 'Ti house ut the foot of the mountain belongs to ine, inul princess and my daughters IcU it yesterday cveiilnr join ine here. The only diHerence is, that the Ini travelled in the night, and you, gentlemen, in tlie ibi " The announcement of dinner put an end tn tit planation, but not to my surprise ; and tliougli Uie qilet was seasoned with interesting conversation, sjM'rsed with those lively anecdotes which the fin knows so well how to relate, 1 could tliink of m but the singular adventure I had just eneonntenil. dinner was followed by a delightful evening. Il' lieeii struck with the Is-auty of the young priuct* first sight, I was now enabled to admire and oppml her aceomplishmcnl.H, Thniigh endowed with tiku a KU|x;rior order, and iicssessing acquirements fur laj her years, she was devoid of every thing like alfiTlv or vanity. To her might jiistjy be applied the liix Fontenelle: — On rami a tout apftiii, hoimi$a /iJw'J e^ftt ctptmlani ctijue. toui iiitc» le mitux. " M. Tourton merely wanted Prince Plulirrmk! signature to some |iaiiers : conscipicntly all wos irni in the course of the evening, and next day wc Ir:' castle, which, probably, I may never see ogam: where I certainly jiaKsed a few of tlic happiest Ihj»| my life." "Here," said Count Zaradnwski, "you li«t' L'rounihvork of a comic ii|M'ra ready pre|iared. Ii the unity of lime if not the unity ot iilaee, and il \k sure to suceeed in Vienna, where it is no uiirma filing to see one drnmutie subject divided into llim fi'reiil [Mirfs, and performed on IhiiT dilUrcnt uii Your draiiin has two distinct parts, and you niilt the third, with the usual ilinmmnrnl of a marriar now ynii are returned to Vienna to find your litn " Such gratifying iltnnutmrnf" olvcrveif tlio fii' "haveollen Is-eii brought alsiiit without so syiiij a comineneement." " Vou may jest," soid I, win you please ; " but nil your merriment canni.t huM charm which in my mind is connected with tlic lion of this incidenl." 'J'l;o princess now niljourncd to tlio drattlM' where the Coimlcss Lonsknronska and seiTnl ladies were assembled. (JoH'eo and icn were When wo had already asi less than eigh when the cum various ainiisci merous as it w: allotted to tlioir Tlio first pen B-aa walking w short, and the •Imnst under I llm incnnvenie gratifying to tli My two coin) anre, that I wa joined (iriflitbs ttU-v* near one could observe tl imdorf Ihe vast to the incognili balls led tlioni li imlity of prival empty doinonsti niaa of affection coiiiniiiiileative, rouki, for a wliili Ucaidca, the liab in* niUHC uiiilisturli(4lT i- cimrincil iiir, tud imratt'd for I'vcr. owancc of trinke^U Icar twelve (Icriim the ensile of I'rii.i, lu » ilh all the ti,r. HfTuishcil. ilc hiui. », where we foiiM | lio«e cotnhrU kIikii oiii Kngliiiiil, «h(^ • Now, pcnUfniir^ x-nHC witlicirt'iiioc; 11 you have fini»l«« t you to my familt let, aiid oI\ drwfui 1 the priiici'K' tiid i L • iiinnediatcly inlrtl slunent, on advantit; [ to MT, »c;itcd tf>l«l id uiet Uic prm'diLi I great was my «ma I c.xelamation, wliithiil miaiiy. 'I'lif prinoul luced to me, appcjml it the b<-st way lofjl 18 candidly tocjiJul , addrewing Priiwwl lot;i«c tor an eicljKl ;o you very cxlracTt,| hel|i lieing aktoiibliul yonni; lady wlionl* most swear I saw yi^l ' Yes, niannna,' lul he gentleman is qfJ ;ttiut; ready I anccwinl I sketch of OHO ol' hi entrance of Kicliirfl 'That rencounter nrl ice Stalircinleri!. '11 iM-longs to me, ami t it yesterday cvtmnH nee is, that ••'f M entlenicn, in thni»t I r put an end to iIr o • J and though Uk " ng conversation, iuld lotes wliicli thf \t'i could lliink of noU- juHt encounteriil. ilful cveniiiK- |l' ' the young priiHsiiJ admire and nppnjJ emiowcd witli liknj iceror Alexaii- (liT n l.uive to the pre|>aratioiis for the iiiilitary fi'te, we t„,k with US M. Aide, and repaired to the brilliant teiii- pif of pleasure situated in one of tlie suburbs of Vieiiiiu. CHAPTER XIV. Uukifl b.ill nl ihc Ap"!!" i"nnl— The wivireljnf i»<-»/r»il» there— Tw Kiiw "I" Bavaria— llin parUalliy for Count Ufchborg— The miiiu'"— *i|i|"'f "' •''" '^i"'' \Ve should receive with indulgence those productions which wrve to charactcrige the Mianncrs of our times, ond not be too ilistrustful, lest wo ho unjust By collect- iiiff a few li|;ht or gracetul iketches of manners, and tracing the portraits of the actors in the great drama of which wu have been witnesses, wo shall prepare for our successors a path which will lead them to truth. I never witncsscarts, exhibited a most extraordinary toup iPnU ; and it might lie truly ■aid, that, iu tliis instance, disorder was the liighcst ef- fort of art. All the ainuscmsnts which took place at Vienna dur- ing the cangress woro on a scale of grandeur worthy of the exalted individuals in whoso honour they wore pre. pared. The masked ball was a iicrfectly unique enter lainincnt, and in point of splendour it fully realised MMne of the most biilliant descriptions in the "Ara bian Nights." Th« s|>acioU9 building in which the ontnrtainnient look place exhibited the most ingenious diversity in fit- ting up, &.C. There were illuminated saloons, fragrant groves, Turkish kiosks, and I of alieetion. Consequently tliey were aflfable and coinniunieative, and seemed oven thankful that they roulil, for a while, lay aside the burden of exalted rank. Ilcsides, tho habit of eoiitinually seeing them for several nrtcks had considerably exhausted curiosity, pnrticu- lirly in a place like Vienna, whore every individual may ■|iproacli his sovereign as ho would his father. Indeed, in that modern liabylon, important events and celebrated pfrsmis crowded so thirkly together, that tho interest ricited by any one in particular did not usually lust loniier than three days. 'I'lio King of Itavaria and his two sons wore among the latest arrivals. Ilia majesty was attended by his chamberlain, C'uunt Charles von Kecliherg, who stepped u|i In me, and engaged tne to sup with him after tho king should retire. While ho was talking to mn some one came behind him, and ^nlly pinching hi* oar, iiidi— "Well, goiiipor, what «ro you doing tliore?" I'his was no oilier lliun the King of liavaria hinisell. On iicrceiviiig him, Teltonborn and I immediately rose, and Iho kin;;, luriiiiig to us, said, willi thiit air uf good nature so |nculiar Id him, •' l)o not disturb yonrselves, I hc]T, ^eiitliMneii ; hut. I assiifo you, it is always thus with Ihe iiiunl. As suuii as 1 tu'in my head he is off, and I must perlbrni the oflice of public crier to find him again." t'ouiil vun Iteclibcrg cvcustd liiiiiself, by ob- serving tliiit he had une.\|iec'.tcdly met a friend ; and he easily obtained fnrgivenrss for his litlle breach of duly. Tho lono of the roinunNtranee, and the pinyliil correc- tion which aecuinpanied it, sulVicienlly proved how fully he possessed the alfectiun of his sovereign. ".Ml I" said .Mr. OriUilhs, as soon as his majesty linil lofl us, " that prince has acquired a cclebrily iif which time will not deprive him, fur guud kings iiro more iin- mortal than great ones. The count siiys truly of Maxi- milian, that when released from tho cares of stale, his social qualities constitute the delight of his friends." I soon distinguished amidst the throng the noble figure of the Prince de Ligne, who, advancing towards ■lie, said, "I am glad 1 .ave found you. "There are some |iorsons hero to whom I wish you to introduco inn. I have already been your cicrrsiir, and now you have an opportunity of paying your debt." — "Willingly," said 1, "prince." I condiiclcd him round the rooms, and every new surprise elicited from him some of Ihoso happy remarks which impiirted such magic to his conversa- tion. "This," said he, "is in the stylo of the fetes f riven by Prince Potenikin to the Kinpress of Russia in lis palace uf tho Taurlda, where ho exhausted the treasures of the empire to prove his atlachmeiit to his sovereign. It is however to be regretted that all these decorations are not constructed with the cement em- ployed by the Romans, which was not conijiosed of eggs, as fabuhius historians have alleged, but of a parti- cular kind uf stone, which was calcined and afterwards reduced to (lowdor." Wo retired to the billiard-room, which was fitted up as a Chinese temple. Hero we found the King of Don' mark, attended only by u single elminborlain. He ac eoslod the Prince de Ligne with those testimonials of esteem, which all tho sovereigns evinced for the man whom their fathers had so highly di.stinguished. The prince presented me to his majesty, who immediately recolloclcd iiic, Ihuugli I had not seen him since he was prince royal. " Have you learned Cerinan," enquired lie, "since you left Copenhagen?" — "No, sire," I ro' plied; " but 1 have nut lurgotton the short les.sun which your majesty condescended to give me." lie kindly cii- (|uircd lifter my family. "The events which have taken place within the fiiw last months," said he, " havo been favourable to their interests. 1 sup|>oso thoy are now in Franco." I returned thanks for his flntlering enquiries, assuring liini hnw gratifying tlnn would prove to the individuals who were remeinber .; ti;' him. His majesty maintained a conversniion of Mi.' length with the Prince do l.igiie, which nhbrdod ' ' an opportunity ol appreciating his amiablo honhotnmie and extensive in- formation. I observed no change in his jiersonnl up|iear ance since I Inid last seen him. lie was still pale and thin, and his hair, which was a light blond nearly ap- pruaehing to while, was perfectly in keeping with the peculiar expression of his couiilennnco. In short, I saw bofuro me precisely the same individual who had for- merly excited my inorriincnt and my alarm; and whose cnunloniincu reminded me of a |ioriod of my life when gratitude for n lienelil cunfurrod by that excollenl prince uternally engraved his nieninry in my heart. When his mnjesly had left us, the Priiieo de Ligne said to me: " Wh.it did you allude to when you 8|>oko of your first lesson in (icrman .' Ai to the king recollect- ing you as well as if he had aeon you but yesterday, I ara not surprised at that. Sovereigns have always good memories." — " I will toll you iTio littlo anecduin about my (iei man lesson," replied I, " atanother time." We entered tho grand bnll-rooni, where we found kings, generals, and stntesmon, mingled in tho crowd with persons of very inferior rank ; and here and there might he seen a princely Alinaviva, who apparently |lret^^rod thn charms of some simple Rosina to the studied graces of courtly eo<]UCtlos. Wo were now joined by Zibin, whom I congratulated on the footing of favour on which he stood with the King of l'rusF!ia. " To preservu that favour," said the Prince do Ligne, "bo sparing of your praises. Tho time has gone by when kings were to lio caught by words. Coinplimoiits ri la Luuzun will not captivate our modern /rfitiis Qnntnrti'S." In company with several of tho sovarui|(n« wo amused niirsclves by nliserving sonic uf Ihe cilixnns of Vienna who were gr.ivoly daiiiing llio minuet ; an indispensa- ble cereiiiciiiy at all (ierniaii halls. " At Ihe old court nf Krain'c," said the Princo de f.iuiie, " this used l« bo man.iged Is^llcr. 1 eannot liilprerrillooliiij.' willi a feel- ing nf grnliiication the minuet I daiwrd at the e do Ciiigiiy: Though a l''reiieliman," added he, "you are yet too young to belling to lliat seliiMd, and 1 doiihl wliollier Iho iniiiuet now forms a part of the clioregrapliio study." — " It still fiirins the basis of that study, prince," replied I: "yet, if I roinemlicr ri;;lilly, you eliaraclcrise thu iniiiuct in cuio of your works as a crarf j/ii/d'i/r." — " It is not fair to lie eternally quarrelling with an author about words. I have eoni|Kised maxims, without having u claim to wisdom on that aecniint. 1 may frankly con- fess that I have described the faults nfoihcrs by observ- ing my own, and it is not impossihle that I called thn minuet a grace tlupide after having danced it myself." " lie that as it may, prince, I think there is a lady here whose dancing might indute you to alter your opinion of the minuet. If you please 1 will give you an oppor- tunity of judging." Then approaching tho Princess of Ilcssc-Philipsladi, whom I jK-reeivcd with her mother in tho circle, I said, " Do me tho honour, princess, to dance the minii(( de la cotir, iu order to convince the Prince de Ligne that the graces of the grave dance aro not irrecoverably lo.st." The princess rose, Zibin lent me his uniform lint, and recollecting the lessons of Abraham, who had been the young princess's daneing- masler in Paris, we performed the minuet with tolerable; precision. Tho prince was charmed, and expressed his satisfaction to the princess by one of thoso elegant com- pliments which wore then much envied in Vienna; fur tho sayings of tho Prince de Ligne already seemed tu belong to tradition. Count Rechborg, who hnd collected his guests, was now searching for me, and litlln dreamed that I was in thn principal saloon maintaining the honours of thu classic dance. As soon as I had conducted tho young {irinccss to her mother, he took mc, together with tho 'rincc de Ligne, and Zibin, into the supper-room, whcro all his friends had assembled nt table. After admiring the decorations of the suppor-room, wo pronounced some well-merited eulogies on tho cooks, then praised the wines, and at last, as usual, complimented the iVii- lalile JImpliitrynn. At a table near us were seated Princo Koslollsky, Alfred and Stanislaus Potocki, and some other Russians ntlached to the emperor's suite. A little further oil', I espied Tetteiiborn, Noslil/., llorrel, and llossn-Ilomburg. Healths were toasted, hon-mots exchanged, and wit and champngno sparkled in bril- liant rivalry. The |irinces of liavaria wore of our parly. I hap- pened to sit iio.\t to Princo Charles; and my residence nt .Munidi enabled me lo converse about jier.suiis and things which were interesting lo us liotb. I reminded him of the accident at the bridge of the I/.nrd ; an ue. easion on which ho evinced so much couragn and hu manity. [In IS13, the breaking of a dylio occasioned a groat swell of the river Izard. Multitudes of people as- sc:nblcd on the bridge to witness tlio spectacle : tho swell of llin water, however, soon increased tusueh a de- gree of violence nnil rapidity, that the bridge was bro- ken, and almost entirely w'ashed away. Prince ('harles, who hap|>encd to be near tho a|iot when the accident oc- curred, by his eouragciius exertions saved several jicr- sons fioin an untimely grave. Upwards of three hun- dred lives were lost.] " And hern we are both at Vien- na," said he, " surrounded by |iloasuro and amusement. Really, this seomi a land of enchantment, and one may say of it, what a clever Frenchwoman said of Paris : ' C'ti/ h lieu dii mtnde oH Von pfut It mieux it pamtr dt 6(mAeur."' — " Certainly, princo, Vienna is a delightful place to those who have nothing hut amusement to strck." — "All my family are hero; therefore what elso have I to seek or to wish for?" — "Oh, nothing, prince, unless it were porha|M the presence of one who Is now in Munich." At this allusion the veteran general of two-and-twenty blushed likn a girl nf fifteen. The prince royal (now King of liavaria) sat next to Count Rechborg, who did the honours in his usual agreeable way. This prince, though loss brilliant than his hrnthor Charles, is dislinguishcd for learning, for an intimnte acquaintance with tho literature uf his country, and a rclinod taste for the arts. The count possesses, in nn eminent degree, the art of telling a story agrooahly, one of the greatest charms of eor vcrsation. He has seen much uf tho world, ond desoribos ably what he has soon ; 10 that, aided by tho ,(aioly of his iVioiids, thu 'I • " '■' »■ , ..',.: . Ji.. ■■ •■•.I'' r.'lt ■I , :'^i n '% .,'/* .1 '''•'-•*' . ■'■■■J '.. ' S: m ,: HwlJBt 190 JOURNAL OF A NOBLR.HAN ^l*'-'' i fife t' It?,? ■.;t. Ruppor HiiH it('li<;litrul. /ivadowski, who aaiil Iw ImH boon scarcliiiig lor iiic for somi' liiiio, cnmn mid sat by IMC Two other tabln.i were now jojnfd lo ours, and n.< tho libationn wnrn in pro|inrlion to the incroiisvd nunihcr of the irucvts, tlin uinc (lowed I'rccly and tho cunvcrwa- tioii bei.'aino aniiuatod. "Wc havo not had a display ul lire-works onionj; the cvpiiinjj's cnlcrlainnioiilH,' naid tho Prinoo di: I/igrio ; "but tlin nashes of wit that pre- vail hero make ample uiHonda lor the delicieney." At length, at a late hour, the party M'parnled, all evidently disposed to rank the evcninjr nnionjr their nuMt graliiy- ing rccollcctii)n« of Vienna. CHAPTER XV. Infrnihirtloii to Mr. It.— Isnbey's iitiiin-ky lenji — \nrriiw e*fn|H- IriMII NHlmliiwn'M li;8'-aliiiellt — Siicci-SHl'iil inlein^iteittu of Jo»e- pliirir. It is sninetiincs adviaablu not to approach '.^.o cloiicly to those wlinse rirliios or talents are loudly extolled by the public voici<. ( )ii a near acquaintance wc lre(piently incur the risk of seeini; enthiisiasiii jjive place to an op- liositc sciitiiiient; for lew are able to support the ^ctatot' a great uunie or a brilliant reputation. " I must iiitrodiiee you," said Mr. (irilHtlis, when he c.ill- ed on me one morning, " to a eoiintrymaii of mine, who now rivals Foneron in giving dinners ; but whose luxu. rious extravagance bids liiir soon to eclipse the unosten- tatious comfurluhilily of Foneron's Friday jKirties." [.Mr. Foneron was on English merchant, wlics aAcr amussing a considerable fortune at Leghorn, seltlid at Viiiima, whore he acquired some celebrity by giving every Friday a true English dinner, at which beef.straks were served up in a style which might hav<- vied with the London Beuf-stcak Club, of which the witty Captain Alurris has been for some years presiileiit. .^Ir. Foneron, who was hump-backed, niarrie^l a young lady, who, though re- markable for the lieaiity of her countenance and lier va- rious aeeoinplishinents, (lossesseil the same detbrmity as her husband, whom therefore she could not reproach for his |>ersonal disadvantaires.] Having no engagement, 1 accepted (•rilfiths' invitation to accompany him. On our way ho gave me some account of the |>erson wc were going to visit. " His name is R ," said he, " and that is almost all I know about him. He is one of those singular anil mysterious beings who, like Counts St. Germain and Cagliostro, the original models of fortune- hunters, seem to live on any thing but their own proi>er- ty. In the course of my [KTegriiiations I have met jiiin in various parts of the world, anil I have always found him living on a scale of m.-igiiifieence which denotes, if not the possession, at least the facility of obtaining wealth, 'i'he first time I saw him was in India, at the residence of Lord Coriiwallis. We were then both very young. K was in the English army, and had dis- tinguished himself at the taking of Seringupatani. Since then I have seen him in Egypt, in Sweden, and at Ham- burg. During the |>cace of Amiens I met him in Paris, and he then told ine he had just returned from .Moscow. Now he is in Vienna, living in niagni licence, giving sumptuous dinners, and keeping the highest company. But you shall sec him, imd judge of him yourself; for 1 have nil doubt he will invite you to one of his dinners, if only from ostentation." As he (inislicd sjicaking we entered the court-yard of the magnilieent hotel of (^ounl Kosemlwrg, where Mr. U had fixed liis temporary residence. He received us with that air of overstrained |H>litcness common to men whose good breeding is not the result of instinctive Iceling, or of long and eoiitinucd intercourse with retined society, lie talked witli great self-iin|iortanco about his house, |iis furniture, his equipages and his hor.ses : then, coining to the favourite topic ol his dinners, he gave us a list of the princes and great men who were his fre- quent guests ; and, ns (irilHths had foretold, ho concluded by saying, " Pray, gentlemen, pardon this sliort invita- tion, and lionour me with ymir eonipany to dinner to-day. I expect the hereditiry Princes of iJavaria and Wir- tcniburg, Sir Sidney Smith, (tenerul .loinini, and some ambassadors and other persons of distinction, whom you know as well as I." (iritliths, eager to give nie an op- inrtunity of w-itnessing ono of R 's much-talked of dinners, accepted the invitation ; and leaving our Am- phitryon to make the requisiti^ arrangements tor his sere- nissimo banquet, wo went ulV to amuso nursclvos until tho appointeil hour. Af\er making a fow visits, wo called on Isabey, to see his fino eolloction of portraits, which havo now, in B groat measure, become hislorical. Wo found him in his nitlitr, working upon that splnndid picturo which is destined to connect the name of tho artist with mutt of tho distinguished characters of his day. In a moment wo fiiund ourselves surrounded by tlio almost living likcncssea of all tho colobratcd men and boaiitilul woinin at that time assembled in Vienna. I saw the portrait of young Na|Hdoon, which Isoliey was just liiiisliing when I first met him at Scliicnbrun; also a likeness of tho Prince de Ligne, animated by. all the line expression of the original, and a full-length of Na- poloon himself, walking in tho gardens of .Malinaisnn. " Then bo really had the habit of walking with bis arms crossed in this manner '" said I. " Dnquostionably," replied Isabey ; " and that, logctlier with his other re- inafkablc habit of stooping his head, at one time well nigh proved fatal to me. During the consulato, I had boon dining ono day with some of Bonaparte's young aides-de-camp at .Malmaison. At^er dinner wo wont out on tho lawn fronting the chateau, to play ut leap- frog : you know that was u favourite college game o! ours. I had leajicd nvor the heads of sovcraT of my companion.s, when, a little further on, beneath an ave- nue of trees, I saw another, apparently waiting for me in tho requisite position. 'I'liinking I had not yot com- pleled my task, I ran forward; but unlbrtunatoly miss- ed my mark, springing only to the height of his neck. I knocked him down, and wo both rolled along the ground to the distance of at least ten yards. What was my horror on discovering that the victim of my unlucky blunder was no other than Bonaparte himself! At that period he had not even dreamed of the |iossibilily of a tiill; and this first lesson was naturally calculated to rouse his indignation to the utmost degree. Foaming with rage, he drew his sword, and had I not proved my- self a better runner than a Icajicr, I have no doubt but ho would soon have nindo an end of me. He pursued ino as fur as the ditch, which I s|)oedily cleared, and, fortunately for me, he did not think fit to follow my ex- ample. 1 proceeded straight to Paris ; and so groat was my nittrm, that I scarcely ventured to look liehind me until I reached the gates of tho Tuilories. I iinme- dialely ascended to Madame Bonaparte's apartments, for tho persons of the household were accustomed to ad- mit me ot all times. On seeing my agitation, Josephine at first concluded that I was tho bearer of somo fatal news. I related my adventure, which, in spite of my distress, appeared to her so irresistibly comic, that she burst into a fit of laughter. When her merriment had somewhat subsided, she promised, with her natural kindness of heart, to intorcodo with the consul in my behalf. But knowing her husband's irascible temper, she advised me to keep out of the way until sUo slinuld havo an opportunity of oppcasing him, which to her was no very dilficult task ; for at that time Na|ioleon loved her most tenderly. Indeed, her angelic disposition always gave her a powerful ascendancy over hini, and she was froqiiently the means of averting tho-ie acts of violence, to which his ungovernable temper would other- wise have driven him. " On my return home 1 found lying on my table an order not to ap|)car again at the Tuilories ; and it was during my temporary retirement that I finished the portrait you wee just now look'mg at. Madaino Bona- parte, on presenting it to tho consul, obtained my par- don, and my recall to court. The first time Bonaparte saw me afler this aftair was in Josephine's apartments, and stopping up to me good-naturedly, ho patted me on tho cheek, saying, — ' Roally, sir, if people will play tricks, they ought at least to do them cleverly.' ' Mon Diru." said Josephine, laughing, ' if you had seen his look of terror wlien he first presented himself to me, you would havo thought him sulliciontly punished for his intended feat of agility.' " Isabey related this anecdote with all his peculiar ani- mation and drollery ; and ho accompanied the story with such I'xprossive gestures and attitudes, that he seemed to bring the whole scene visibly before nic. I could imagine 1 saw Napoleon prostrate on tho ground, and then rising to vent his rage, like angry Jupiter hurling his tliunderboltr. Afler thanking Isaliey for the treat ho had afTorded us, and setting down our names on the list of subscrib- ers for the engraving of his fine picturo of the Cougrcss of Vienna, wo took our leave, rcquostin;; tho artist's permission to return occasionally to inspect his interest- ing gallery of |>ortraits, which was constantly augment ing. This |iorinission Isabey readily granted, while at tho same time he accepted an invitation to dino with us on tho following day. His picture is now almost generally known, tliruugh the medium of the engraving. It reprosenti the hall of thecoiigrou,at the inoiiiont when the Duke of Wellington was introduced by Prince Mottcrnieh. The arli«l ||], given to oach countenance the expression approprim,) to tho occasion ; and the striking rescniblanecs h.i,; confirmed Isabey's well-merited ropiitution as a iKirtrm painter. The picturo is a valuable inonument of liisiu. ry as well as of the arts. CHAPTER XVI. ,M,lil-f:rul»— Tiiiiilw of ih(> royal rainily— Kenmrkx tluTrnn ni rrim-i'ili' l,ti;ni, — Aiiit,Ii,iim>i Uic Kiii)H'rur Juvcpti— Tlit, (irnna Jiikf (;>inNtiiniiiii — Moiistriir Anl«. At tlio Congress of Vienna, so many difTerrnt cvcni, were crowded together, so many various pictures cjlu. bited, and so many intrigues develo|>ed, tliot tlioii).'h | retain a vivid recollection of the focts, and. the imprff. sion thoy produced, yet I may sometimes fall into tlir error of confounding the order of dates. I was thoa ,ii that delightful period of life when youth makes flattrrin; promises which advancing years but rarely fulfil, and I viewed every object through a prism which time but Ino K|>crdily broke. On leaving the altlier of Isabey, wo proposed calling on the Prince do Ligne ; and as wo were crossing the bridge of the Danube we met Prince Ypsilanti and Prin. cess Suwaroff walking in the same direction. They in. formed us that tliey were going to the Mchl-Grub, to act the tombs of the royal family in tho Capuchin elinpol. .As we knew it was yet too early to find the Prince de Ligne up, we accejited their invitation to accom|, thirteen of empresses, and altogether obout eighty of in. dividiialsof the imperial family. " Here," said the monk, as we entered the vault, " .Maria Theresa daily heard mass for the space of thirty years, in sight of the nr. piilehre which she had prepared for herself beside Ihr tomb of her husband." That illustrious woman had suffered so much in early youtli, that tho thought of the instability of life never forsook her, even amidst lirr greatness. There have been many instances of tjiig earnest devotion among sovereigns; for as they are obc. dient only to Death, his irresistible power makes llie more forcible impression on them. The difficulties of life intervene lietween us and the grave; whilst, wiUi kings, all flows on smoothly till tlie close of life, wliicli, for that very reason, is frequently the most engrossing subject of their tlioughts. Having contemplated for a short time the inonuiiicnla of the illustrious dead, we began to ascend tho steps of the vault, when tlio light of several torches announced tho approach of rather a numerous party. In another moment wo were met by the Grand-duke Constanlinr, Princess Bagration, Count Ncssclrode, Princes Koskiff. sky, Schemeretoff, and several other persons of rank. Our guide informed us that all tlie foreigners then in Vienna, and even the sovereigns, had been several tiinn to visit tho catacombs. Thus tliose who were conspicu. oils in the gaiety of the fete were naturally led to rellec. tions on the tomb. The |ioets of all ages have lieen fond of these contrasts ; and fate has but too frequently brouglil them together. < )ii Iciiving tlie church Ypsilanti and the princess ac- companied us as far as the residence of the Prince de Lipne on the ram]>arts. Tho scene which wc had just quitted naturally gave our conversation a serious turn. The princess coin|iared tlie vaults of the Capuchin con. vent to those of tho monastery of Petchersky at Kiow, in which most of the saints of that monastery are buried In open biers. Kiow is visited by numbers of pilgrims, who travel on foot from (^asaii and other places on the con- fines of Asia. " Nothing," observed the princess, " can more forcibly prove tho power of religious zeal than these distant pilgrimages, which, were they undertaken for any other object, would probably be deemed imprac- ticable; but the hope of futuro reward soothes tlie toil of tlie present." " When passing through Cracow," said I, " I visited tlio tombs of the kings of Poland in the vaults of the cjitliedral. Thero too the tombs ore oi>cn, and the cm, balined lioilics are decorated with tho attributes of roy- alty : tho ermine mantle, tlie jewelled diadem and sccjitrr, and oil the emblems of vanished power, form a strikiiiK contrast with the ravages of death. The union of enrliiljr greatness and mortality leaves a profound impression on tho tcelings. Such a picture of annihilation seems lo aa; to those who conteniplato it, ' You wiioin lile has not yet abandoned, doalli will teach you how to die.' In a liib- terraneous vault the mind is not imbued witli that kA AT THE rON«RESS OF VIENNA. 101 w?:m Tlio nrli«l 111, ision npiirnpriaie cnibluiicGs liDic lion an n |>ortraii nutnoiil of hikii). rninrk* thcrrnn of lo*»*|ili— ''"lie <:rari(l f diflercnt cvcnls iM picturoa cihi. d, Uiat though I and. tlic imprcf. mcB fall intu the I. I WBR then M I makcfi flattcrlne arcly fulfil, and 1 liich time but too proponed calliii; pcre crossing the pgilanti nnd Prin. cction. They in. Mchl-Grub, In «« ('apucliin cliopol. nd the I'rincc do on to acconi|>any 'cro received by i )rch, conducted ui of the em|)emr», ibout eighty of In. e," gaid the monk, crega daily liuird 1 aiglit of the «. Iicrself beside llio rioua woman liad Iho thought of the even amidst her inntancea of tliis r>r aa they arc obo. power makes llir [I'he difficulties of rave; whiUl, wilii 08C of life, whicli, moat cngroiw,in tcry are buried in of pilgrims, wlio icca on the eon- e princesa, " can gious zeal than they undertaken ^\ deemed iniprsc Jioa tlio toil of kaid I, " I visilfd |lie vaullx of the on, and the era- littrihutea of roj- |dcni and seeijtrr, . form a atrikini! I union of earthly pd imprusaionon |inn Hcema to »ay I life has not yrt I die' In a lub- Ll witli that kA mrlimelmly which is fell in an open place like n rhurcli. 3„|._||nt," observed I, addrcmting myself I ;ie prin- ■.,«, "if the marble or the iron conceals the viaihie cU'ects ifdi illi, aa in the convent of the Capuehins, and in the ohureli of the Annuncialiiin at St. PeterKliurgli, when the nioniinienti are decorated with inscriptiony, reeordiiii; itlnrinn!' retlcelinns of the deceased, the rellectiona ex- nleil arc of a less awful kind." \t it was a fcMtlval day there was a considerable con. „,ii,„. of |>eoplc on the ramparts. " What a gratifying s'lcctaclc it is," »aid Princess Siiwaroff, " to aec this as- ((•inblagc of the working claaa of people, whoac smiling countenances and respectable dreiw alTiird the best indi. cMion that they enjoy the rcwanl of happy industry !"— "In Vienna," observed (irilfitlis, " U-ggars are never soi-n mingling in such an assemblage as this, ("baritable estiblislinicnls arc hero managed on a scale of superior nriler nnd lilierality: private nnd public bimevolence is directed with a spirit of justice; and the people them. selves have in general more inilustry and commercial inlelligence than in other part'- of <anied me .'" " That," replied the prince, " is one of those citizens of the world in whom a goos« (then about 150/.), which so greatly exceeded other contributions, that a s|K'cial report was addressed thereon to the holy sec at Rome. Tho Pope rewarded Mr. Aid«''s zeal by sending him an order of knighthoolyiii;; .Mr. NortlTs pecnniiiry wants liiitl inspired that giHid iiiiliired niiil iiiosi iveellriil man Willi a lecling of kiiulness liir the f..lliei uliicli lie was fiiiind ready to extend to the son. ,Mr. .Niirlh inlnidni id .Mr. tieorge Aide to the Inst siiciely in Piileriiici, v. here tliii court nl that time resiihd. An atlair uf galliiiili y with the Princess H — , in which he very nearly lell a vii liiii In Iho outraged lecliiigi of the husband, gavi- liiiii a ecb'iirily in the gay world of Palermo, v\ liich lias tcnibd in no siiinll degree to give him tliat high opiiiinn uf hiiiiself, and tliat air of assurance, iiinoiiiitiiig almost ti> etfrontery, vvliieli alt tliosi! who li.ive known him personally eniild nut help to be struck with in the early part uf tin ir nei|nain1ance with him. Mr. (ieorge .\iilr, after 8|ieiiiliiig smiie inunllis in Sicily, rcsulved to vi.^it England. He iibtaineil fruni his iwtrun, Mr. North, a great niinilicr of leltirs uf intro- duction to nieinbers of his own fuinily , and to many other noble families Iwsides. ^\ ilh such passiHirts he nindc his ilihlit at once among the highest circles of sueiely in England. Possessing the external appcaranre of a );eii- tleinan, having from a natural ueuteness of (diservniiun been enabled to assume thi^ manners of a well bred uiie, and with that fixed expression of calm nssnranee which is so commonly and so easily assimieil by thi' natives of Turkey, Mr. tieorge Aide made liimself a weleuine visi- ter in many first rate houses, and soon becnine, in l'a>:t, a most fashionable sort of n personage, lie did not, however, very long enjoy the distinguished st.ition to which the whims of the fasliiunabb' world had raised him. His late mode uf living had so multiplied his calls on the purse of his father, and Mr. Aide's unwillingness and inability, I'roin recent cuniiuereial losses, to euntiiiue to furnish means fur his sun's fully niiil ixtravaguiiee, brought down the hitter's finances to nn ebb greatly dis. pro|iortinned to the rale of his ix|issessed a fortune, whicli she held from some distant relative, of l,i2l)U/. a-yoar. Nothing there- fore prevented her giving her hand to the then ponnyless and adventurous Mr. Aidi*, nnd they were married larly in 1822. Mr. and Mrs. Aide wont afterwards to reside ill Paris. Being at a hall one evening. Air. Aide was standing nnd looking at the dancing, when a Monsieur de liomiM-llus, one of the dancers, accidentally came in cniitact with Mr. Aide, and trcd on his foot. Mr. de liomlH'lles exprcsm'd his sorrow, and naked pardon — a formality whioh, according to the rules of French so- ciety, takes away all right from the aggrieved party to demand explnnaiion, whether the uft'eiioo committed has been accidental or intentional. Mr. Aide, however, did not think proper to remain satisfied with Mr.de IkimM- les's apology. He insisted tliat Mr. de Ilombelles had oflered him intonti'>nnl insult, and demanded his cnrd. This was immediately handed to Mr. Aide, and a hostile meeting a day or two afterwarils was the consequence. They iMth fired at a given signal. Mr. de Bombellcs ca- 1 A f ■ ,, ;r":l 192 JOVIINAL or A NOm.RMAN. ca|N'il iiiiliiirl, Init Mr. Aiilr rcrcivcil IiIh advrrsiiryV lull ill tlic niHl'iiiii'ii, and iiialaiilly Ibll. Ilo lingirL'il two dnyx alU'r, at the cud of wliicli li(^ vxpirud. ^*o.» ^.iWr!. feV: ;■ CIIAITKU XVII. rnriii-iil.ir^ r*-litiivir tii in)' jniirii**) to MnriilMtr)! nnil DtMiinnrk— M> ri-iMMitlrr III till' (uirk nl I'rir trirlt>il)Hr!; — liili;ivii?\v vvifii lti<' i'rimii l*rlticf iif l>.'iiriiar:< — Siiiiit- ncrrit NelMiii. " How oftni dot'M n word, a sound, an inflection of the voice, Riiddcnly call to mind xeoneH which had loii^ va- nishiMl froni our iiiiinory. The past affaiii a|>|>eiirn clothed in vivid lolonrs ; tcelin;;s and iin|ire»iiions which had lain dormant for years are instantnneoutily revived, and we eiuiuire what connection can exist hetwcen these recollections and the cireiinistanee.s which have called them np. Tlipre i.s a magic in those pictures which tlms rouse the mental instinct ; and niich is their power, that we feel a sort of pleasure in levertinjr to nielanclioly cventa and cruel lossi-s. There is even a luxury in the tears wliieli these recollections wring from us. "Owin^ to llie niisfirtuiua which the French rcvolu- tion entiiied on many devoted families, my uncle, who had acte.1 the part of a father to me, fled (roni France, and took me with him lo llambiir;;, where we suflered nil the privations inseparihle from iv.ir exile. Heiii-; in- vited by Count Ferseii to visit him in Sweden, we lelV Hamburg, and crossing the heaths of Holsleiii, wu tra- velled to tV)|)cnhagcn on foot ; for our scanty resources left us no other alternative. " My uncle, while he held the ofliee of minister for foreign affairs, had been well ac'iuainted in Paris with Count Lowendliall, who received him on his arrival in Denmark with great kindness. He promised to intro- duce me to the prince royal, with whom he said he would use his nifluence to procure for us some pecuniary supply, which was very necessary in the circumstances in which we wi re. On the day preceding that ap|>ointed for my introduction to the prince, I was walking alone in the park of the royal residence of Fricdriclisbcrg, where I perceived in one of the alleys a young gentle- man and lady. The genllemaB, who had a sort of jump- ing motion in his walk, was dressed in a light gray coat, and had an umbrella luider his arm. There was some- thing so droll in his apjiearanec tliut I conid not help Htopping to look at him; and, with the levity natural to my age and country, I burst into a lit of laughter, which sutncioutly enabled the young gentleman to understand the ludicrous efliet his presence produced ujton me. From the angry look which he cast uiwn me, I could easily [lerceive that my gaiety had given oflTciice ; but this afiiicared to me the more ridiculous and served only to increa.sc my laughter, which I was unable to repress until the object that had excited it was entirely out of sight. " Next day, on the recommendation of Count Lowend- liall, an audience was granted to me at the palace. One of the pages on duty conducted me into the gallery; and there, with my |H?litioii in my hand, I waited until it should please his highness to admit me to his presence The doors of the royal apartments were soon thrown o|ien, and a chamberlain came out and called me by naiiH'. I ailvanceii, and ho made a sign to ino to enter. On advancing to the door, what was my astonishment to perceive at the further end of the a|>artment the young man whom I had seen in the pork the day before ! Hi was dressed in the same gray coat, over which now ap- |)eared a broad blue ribbon with the order of the elephant. I leave you to guess what Was my consternaiion, for I was well aware that I saw Iwfore me the Prince Royal of Dcnjuark. When I recollected my indecorous mirth, and tho anger it had excited, I stood motionless, and was undetermined whether to advance or witlidraw ; — I fan- cied myself already doomed to the punishment which my imjicrtincnce deserved. I stood, as it were, rivetted to the ground, in spite of tlic entreaties of the chaml)cr- lain, who urged me to enter the apartment, which, how- ever, in my eyes, was os full of terrors as Blue Beard's secret chamber. Fortunately for me, it hap|>ened that tlie young lady whom I Iiad seen walking willi the prince on tho preceding day, and who was no other than Ills charming sister, the Princess Augustiiiburg, at tliis moment passed tlirough the gallery on her way to her brother's apartment. Kncaiiragcd by her angelic looks, I followed her into the room, hoping tliiit her presence would screen me from the reproaches which I was fully conscious of discrving. Overwhelmed with confusion, 1 presented to the prince, with a trembling hand, a (lelition which my uncle had given uc. He read it, and then handing it to his sislir, said: ' Here is anothir vittiin ol the French revolntimi, whom iKiwendhall recoiimuiids to me." He then i|He8lioiied me with gri-at kindness, re- specting our sitiuitiDii, resources, und projects. Hiii- bnldened by this reception, I told him all we had siilUri d since our depurturt? from France, deserilKd our liireed pilgrimage across (termuny; and added, that our design was to proceed lo Sweden, where we relied on the assist- ance of Count Ferseii, who cherished a cordial fr!iiid:aiiied. In thus describing her, I render only the sincere tribute of memory and gratitude. " While she addressed to me some <|ueHlions about my fiuiiily, and my education, the prince royal wrote a (i.v/ words on the petition which I had proented to him, and returning the paper to me, said: ' (io to my chancery, and you will receive one hundred Fredericks d'or, which will enuiile your uncle to travel more at his ea.se.' — '.Sir,' said the princess, ' I wish you happiness ; and if you do not And it in Sweden, return to I>enniark. Ilore nt least you will find repose.' 'i'lic prince then suiiimoned his chamberlain, and ordered him to conduct inu to the treasury " Ah ! thought I, as I left the iwlace, what a les.son have I received ! what a dignified revenge for my incon siderate im|iertiiience ! In the excess of my gratitude I was ready lo throw myself at his royal higliiiess's fei't 1 However, the lesson he gave me was not without its use; for since that time I have never had cause to reproach myself for a Himilar act of tlioughtlessncss." — " Hut,' said the Prince de Liguc, " this was iiurcly a lesson in good manners ; you have said notliing about your lesson in German." — " You shall hear of that prest'iitly," con tinned I. A few days after my interview with tho prince royal of Denmark, my uncle engaged our passage on board a vessel which was going to Stockhohii, but which was detained for some time by contrary winds in the roads of C'openhagen. On the night of tlie 2d of tVpril we were awakened by a loud eaniioiiade. Kelson, under llie command of Sir Hyde Parker, was forcing tlie straits of the Sound; and next iiioriiing at daybreak the whole of the Kiiglish fleet was in sight of tlie city. ^Icon- while boats were sent out to tow the inerchant vessels into the harbour ; and a few moinents after our return to the port, and the landing of tlie passengers, tlie engage- ment comuienced. Tlie attack was a.s spiriti'd as tlic de fence was heroic. Not a single inhabitant of Coiienhagen but took up arms to resist tlic unjust aggression. The university furnished a corps of twilve hundred yomig men, the flower of Denmark, It woulil even have been dangerous not to have taken part in the enthusiasm of resistance which then universally prevailed. Armed with a sabre which might have belonged to King Canute, lUid which was lent ine by the master of the inn at which wo put up, I repaired to the jetty, where 1 witnessed one of the must terriiie s|)ectucles that the imagination can conceive. Denmark was never before engaged in to liguroiis a defence, and never pcrhapR had tlic Danes such an opportunity of displaying their national courage, marched about on the quay, holding in my hand the drawn sabre, which was nearly as long as a lance, and 1 was no doubt aupiiuscd to bo a sentinel on duty. The city was on fire : the Infocdstrcttcn, Captain Thura, blew up, and the frightful conflagration wholly absorbed my attention, when suddenly sonio one tapped mo on tlie shoulder, and gave me on order in Uerman. I turned rounu, and beheld the Prince Royal of Denmark. Hi was dressed in the sanic gray coat which he word when I flrst saw him. In the conUision of the moment he had got separated from his suite. 'What aro you doing here." cmiuired the prince. ' I am acting as in duty bound, your royal highness.' — ' Well, then, will you carry tli' paper to the young oflicer who is about to take the coni- iiiaiid of yonder floating battery? His name is Villemoes; and reineiiilier tlie word aiifrenblicklicft.' — ' What word, prince V — 'AuncMicklieh, which signifies immediately. You must pronounce that word when you give him the paiicr.' I t.xccuted tliis order witli the utmost du6patch ; but on my return to the quay the prince royal wiis ir.,,,, .Slatiiined en line of the floating bulteriec, wlium. It could eiiiitiniplale the action and des|iati'li his onlirn, {,,. .aiiinialid by his presence the brave iMipulutinii or(ii|, i,. Iiagen; and certainly whin I thin saw him so einriri'.i. cally jiraclisiiig wliat he prcaelitd, my only riilji,^., were ent]iusia.sm niid admiration. Yon know llir !„,„ the arlidii. The Dulles earned iinmiirtul glory; bi,! till y lost six thousand men ; and further resistaiiir . ,l pearcd im|Kissible. An armihtiee was granted ; ami ,!„ (mkhI Frid.ay Nelson landed to hold an interview witliiiK prince royal ; the result of which was the repeal nl" ih, treaty oftensive and defensive iM'tween Denmark, SwmIi,, and Russia, against I'^gland. Since that time Fri ili nth has ascended tho thronn of Denmark, wliicli j,,,-, now Im! regarded merely as a vast and lii'uiit|;„| seigniory, with a Toyul crown in its armorial iHarlniN. But you see the many events that have ensiieil m\n \ last saw him have not caused that exeillent priinu i, turget a circumstance apparently so frivolous." " All these le8.son8 of cx|HTience will, of coiirsr, ii.i| I lie lost on you." — " I hope not, prince. I should wi.sli i , say with Rousseau: 'J'ai bi-aiiconp vt*cu en|icu d'liniiH., et le ehemins des passions m'a conduit i la phil.,... phie.' " " .Vh: philosophy is a mere woril. 'I'lieri- Im.. Iiceii many kinds ot it, from tlie a|KHitles, who wci' ml philosophers, to the •irplanhriiieii rn, who called iIiuti, selves philosophers. The word is not precisely tlie lirm« 'I'ake mine, it is that of Kjiiciirns, Real pliilosii{i!i\ i, I pleasure ; but wo must endeavour to reconcile it viiili | our duty." " Truly," observed Mr. Grifliths, "from what 1 In.,., of your life, I think you might already liegiii tn wrii. )oiir inemnirs." — "O no," internipted the Prime il^ i.igiie, "there is time enough for that. In yoiitli «, live too miich out of ourselves, and in old iige tiK) imuli within ourselves. Miitiire age is iM-fween the two ri. I tremes. Let him wait till the romance of his life imn. miiinted licfore he Isgiiis lo write its history." The prince left us for a few moments to write im ( lliose little billets which he was in the habit of Kli;iiiii; I with a line thus , which ho said saved liiiii tir trouble of writing his name. An anxious wish alroiili I (irevailcd to procure these memorials of a man vvhoii I lime was hurrying too fast to immortality. Like the Arab," said lie, as lie sealed his note us thank Ciod, who has given us a pen for a toiigui', md I paper for a messenger. I am sending these lines to tli I Dutchess of Oldenburg. She yesterday laid a wacir lluil I would not compose before noon u hundred lines onil subject which sliu would give me. I have wun \Sx\ wager; for well or ill tho task is accomplished. I iiil;liil with justice add the observation of Voltaire to Madtiimr selle Clairon : — ' J'ai travaille [mur vous toutc cittc iimi, I niadame, coiiimc un jeune homnie do vingt uns.' " — " lln I the Dutchesirof OldeniMirg time," said I, " to tiiiiik aboul poetry 7 I lliouglit her exclusively engiossed by Inr il.l tachnient for the Prince Royal of Wirtemburg." — "Dhrl replied ihc Prince do Ligne, " that iiitcrosting roniamtl is approaching its rfenourmcnt ; for I was ye.sterileoplc seem to take me for one of tho curiosities iu tliis diplomatic fair; and I am often obliged to niakcnl exertion to aniuso |>cople who arc not worth tlic trouljt.l Because I am gay, I am expected to weary niynelf fii| tlioso who are not so ; but, like a good soldier, I will iHtl quit the brcacli ; and, like a good actor, I will not rrlinl until tlic fall of the curtain : and tliough I am not onWl the eommittec which our good emperor lioa chosen frnl among the most distinguished personages of the coortl for thu pur^ioec of rendering the visit ofthc Bovrri'i|n»lil Vienna as agreeable as possible, yet I do all I can til promote that object. I am one of the speaking pnpfrtil and I leave the acting puppets to fill the higher |Hiit. are oe< I ilrsi(.'iis tire nev .•\s I had yet I IKiiiili'i.' fur ilinii iliiw.tri"it of Korsako« la'l who was lost ir If the Allc. We f liHiny lo co|)e with pniii the campaigns Inli'lv avoiding niiv \^m. "After ail fmn' Kiiuene, " hi V"l'''Clioiis with V |p(l."— "Ah, sire," llory has ended." — Irai," ri'siiini'il the Ikr shallows; and y Hvi'Siis if we tlinii; ' r'liiqwwil wniilil |ii[| Kiiiri.m', " wha We lahiHir til kiVoil, ilniiljipil, niiil lilli rrs|HTt In yoii '■''i'-h iiln^ady helmn !■, siro, to' wliieh sU-: than your mi bill iliNlrnyOnil the |ii) I«'rily III! siilid .MW sliltHis — ti royal wan uoiu. Itriii', whnuc |;. itl'll llin UtillTH, I:, iiiiiiiti(>ii urcojMi. V liiiii HI) iiicrt'i::. my only fulm;, uii kiinw till' '[»,, iiinrlul j;l"iy; Im Ihrr rt'Kist:!!!!-!' ,i_ I cnuiU'il i iiiiii ,!,, interview wii!ii;i, I lliu rc|n'al nl' 111, I)i"iiiiinrk,S«i,|,ii. Iiitt tiiiio l''r( il( iirt nark, wliic.li lur.v Mil ami In'aiiiii'iij nrinoriul lHaririi;>, nvc t'lixiu'il HI HIT I L'XClUoilt iiriiui; I, rivulouh." ivill, of ci>nrsr,ii.ii :. I hIiouIiI wlsli ! , c« cn|M;ii «riiniii'ii, iiluit i In plnlii^.i. wiiril. 'riiiri' Inv itU'fi, wlio wc'i' ml ] , wllO C.lll<'ll lllri:,. prcrini'ly tin' lliin; KruI |iliil»sii|iliy I. lo reuontilc it iviili " from wliiit I ki'iit cacly licg'ni to «:iit |ited llic I'rimo i!. that. In yonlh », ill old iigK ti>o iiiutli H'twiTii the two (1. iicr of his li'.i-' in tu. M history." irnts to write oiif i,', the liahil nf Kiiriiiii; Haid saved liini tiic anxious wish al:c»il; iaU of a man whom Dftalily. st'alod lliu nule,"lrt l|M;n for a toiisne, lU ing those lineB lo llit Jay laid a wacir llal huiidrt-d lines on i _. I have wiin tin coinpUshed. I iiiifll 'ollairo lo Maikmu. reus toulc cettc unit, .vinglans.'"— "Il« lid 1, " to think about cngioKsud liy In r it- irtcinburK."— 'H)li:' interesting ronuna 1 was ycsterdny it Greek cliureh li!< ould be ollicially (I- ,ty Titine, tlic rrin«! I lo inform him Uiil in thedrawiiii-room y dear," said he, "1, ;nt to the eoiijftM; of the curiosities il\ . obliged to make u ot worth the tniul*. to weary inyncll' la' tod soldier, I will "i clor, I will not relin lugli I nil iiiit omi| cror lias chosen fr« onoffes of tlio court, iitofth0 8ovrrei|;nili| •i 1 do all I ranH he speaking pupf* 11 the higher \«ins»\ ofthisextrannliiiin e CJrabeii, whore n ed, nt thai tiint »j V) continnullv onlif jicrs what tlio l'l« [ — they fipend oM ^mW:^m.j^%'VL:i^m E»:iiB^?i\ifr;:rv It. ,t It. H. Wimll. I'lUvlklM .\Mi l'|■|ll.l-lt^;!t^, .\i.iv N'wUI,, f S.,lf .Al'illl" ii"i' l'illiii»lii IS fi" III'- »lal<.- "I -N'l «■ Vcr'. Miiil III! III. N. w K.i.i;hii|.| ,|iili ,. ( IIIKK.MX N. WIlDII A. Ill ll...,K-.»i.i,,K.. r»i. ,.«, ."nil' .Xltiiib |i,r Hie ,.1111. ..< Ill M irtiiiiiil, Viiiiiiii:!, ami (tii.i, I iim-. i) .i; N. » Oil,, in. cii.vi'TKU xvm. \l. 'I'lif Dilkaof Sn'e Tesclnli'i* pirlitn- )|iiller> — Tin: riitp4-i.ii A •iii,l..i'» ili-|"'<'li' ' It— '"I'lii l.ii.i liffliil — llimii r al .\lr It.illv'n -Hir Hy.liii'V f^iiiiili *lli.* nll.^,..ll al Uiu I'liiK'n^B— Mr. liiilly * "»'' nialii.ii— I..HW "llnti viialili. yu iHTKoii, wlialevur may l)c liiw [Hililieal ereril, ran .,.r.i«' with iiiiliHeieiiee iiarraliviH which ilewerilie the ii,r»oiiai,'e> w'l" 'lave playi il prnmiiient parls in the ,,n;il ureiie of the worhl. The aneedntes svliieh I relalr will Iherefore not lie devoid of iiili resit to those who love 111 I'nll.iw into the witial eirele, and the delails of private lilt' iiidiviiluals, whose naiiieK appear eoiispirnoiiM on tlie ■Kij;!' lit' history. .At Vienna, I had the opp.irliiiiity of .'iiiiiroailiing and kiiowin;; sill h imlividiials; and if my iiiilures arc m^eaBiiinally Homewhat highly coloiireil, the ilisiCMs tire iievertliejeHH corn et. '\s I had vet Home time to tipare iH'fore the hour ap- in.iiilei.' for dinner, I went, aeeompanied liy /iliiii, /ava. ilnw.iki, and Iiiiielie»iiii, to view the resideiiee of l»uke AllH'rt "f Saxe Teselieii. \,iiiiiig the numerous valiinhlo objrctH whieh the pa- {are cniitains, I had heard n gnuit deal alHiiit ii imi.pie leolledion of drawings and engravings, the former aniomil- in:; tn nearly twelve thonsaml, and the latter to a Iminlred LimI thirty thon.sand, all copied from the works of artists jiit'eiiiiiienee. \Vc were rceeived very [Militily liy .M. I.c- Ifevre.lhe kecjier of these treasures, of which, lie iiiforinei us ho intended lo pnlilish u detailed chronohigical ae- rnant, ranged in the order of the ditrereiil selioiils. Al llii further end of the picture gallery Duke .Mlsrt wa.s iiin.' the honours of his paliiee to the Kiii|H'ror Alex- iiiler, who was aneompanicd liy (icncral OiiwarnlF, ami 'riiice Kugene. When we approached they were en- end in examining a collection of maps, and mifitary lihris, which was considered the most complete of the ilail ill l''uro;K.. " Cities have U'en destroyed," ohservid Jtake .\lberl, " and empires have been overthrown, hut llic military [lositionH still rimiuin." He then drew some i|rarisons, lo prove that the sniiie chnnces had olli'ii lirniighl alioiit the same results: hut the tittention of his iliagnished visiters seemed to 1h' particularly dirccteil the theatre of tlii' late eninpaigns. The Km|hTiir ilr.xaiider, while i e inspected tin' dilfercnt plans, iindc (line interesting remarks uiHin them. Those to whom Irilh has but oiio Inngnagc will appreeiiite llio fellowing, liiih I enllect from my meiiiorunda. "There," said his m.ijesty, pointing out Die spot with jiis faiger, " such n corps committed such a fault ; siieli a »illory was ill placed; such a charge decided the action. I'hrre, at .\iislerlit7., we iiiiglit have recovered onrselvi's inil gained the day; but KutiisofT was too long iHl'orc Horliir; and the frozen lakes of Augend and .Monitz, .liirc the iec broke and submerged twenty thousand ua, and fifty |»ieccs of cannon, comi>lelcd our disas- .r,i."_" And yet," observed Prince Kugene, "we should ■rlaps li.ivc lost the battle, if the eni|>cror had eominen- ij the attack a few hours sooner; — on what tritles do 111' chances of war deiiend !" — " There, at Kricdiand," MntiniiiHl .Mcxandcr, " all was lost by a false movement if niir cav.alry, of which Ney took advant.igc, and by tin tri'it of Korsakow, whose whole corps was surrounded, iii'l who was lost in seeking to CRCa|)e ocross the waves If the Alle. \Vc fought well, but we liad too able an Liny to oo|)e with." The ein|)ernr passed iilternately roiii the campaigns of Italy to those of (Germany, deli iti'ly avoiding any allusion to the fatal campaiirn of [iKsii. ".Vtlcr nil," added he, addressing himsilf to 'rliico l''iigi'ne, " here are scenes of glory which revive -olli'Ctions with which yon havo reason to be satis- IpiI." — "Ah, sire," replied Kugene, "you sec how this Horv has ended." — " Do not eonfounil glory with aiiihi- ]m" resiiiiii'd the cin|H'ri)r. " Wo Hit ovit this earlli Ikr shallows; and yet we aro as anxious to ciirieli oiir- ilvrsas if we thought the elements of which our hislies rr nnipiised would never dissolve." — " And, uller all," liil Kugene, "what is the glory we so eagerly thirst • ' We labour to obtain it, and then it is envied, nt- ■kod, (IniiMcil, nnd nt length furgntlen." — " Il is not so rilh rr»|icrt lo yours, and that of your fiimily, prince, fiiii-ti nlready belongs to history." — "And il isan inherit- ir, Fire, 111 wliieli no one can have more iiidispiilabb' :\i\< lli;m yiiur mijesty. The ronipn'ror ovei throws ml ilr^tmy:, biitlliei.latcsmun raises and liiiiiiilM n.ition,il [ropiily Mil solid li.iscs." From the cordial way in NEW SEKILS — la whnli the cinperor pie.-si d the hand of llie piiiice, I ■iiiilil |Mrc(ive that he was gralilied by the eumphiiiriil. riiis diiliitiiie ri Jiiiiided me of I'ller the (ireat entcr- laiiiiiu; tin Swi dish generals nib r the ImIIIc of I'lilluwa, iiid drinking the hcaltlis of hi.s iiia»tt.rs in Ihe iirl of ivar. Duke .Mherl put an end t'l tlii:i coiilliel of e mrlen-, liy showing his illu^lriniu visiters a i|. ..eripiiv,; eat i. logiie of the pietiiri s, wliicli he is still engaged in pre- paring, nolwilhstiiMirmg liis ndvaini d age. 'i"o eniinii rate Ihe Irea'iiires of this valnalile eolhelioii, il would In neecssary to copy Ihe catalogue iVoiii Is'iriiming lo eiiil. Siiiiie of llie drawinirs an dated as lUr li.iik as Ilie yeai- I I'.'ll. Till re ar.' upwards of a I Ire.l and fi:)v by .\|- liril Diirer, must of wliieli are eveeuled willi |i.ii ;,iiil ink. 'I'lie ligiiris are rii lily coloured, pioilculaily s.iiiir birds, which are reimirkalde for ex.pii ili Iniisli. Tin ngravings of .\lliirl Dnrer, bi-.-idis lln ir inlrinsie value, derived aildiliou,i| intirest Iroiii tlf eireiiinvlanec ol'lliiir having liirined a part of the private lollectioii of that great master. The duke drew our altentioii to some drawings hy Uaphael, nnd alsiiit (illy ski telies by t 'I mile. In short, the cimiplile series is of ineslimabli' value to the history of the arts of draw ing nnd engraving. The KmiM-ror Alevander approaihed us, and nller spiaking very kindly to /.idin, presciiled him lo I'rinee Kugene as the youngest knight of St. ( ieorge. ( )ii hearing soiin- one mention tli>' iiniiie of l.ueeliesini, he asked liiin whi'lhir his tatlnr was the individual who had Is t ii ple- iii|Kilcnliary to the ccU'liratcd congress of l.istow, in the reign of Frciliriik II. " He was, sire." — " And when ihe ' Living on his estate near l.iiee- '11'," resumed .Mexainler, "he ainiisi" himsell'liy relracing lli recoMenlions of his past lilc, they iniisl jic deejdv inte- resting; (iir few men havi' seen so inncli," Having ins|KCled the splendidly fiirnislieil apartments of the piilaci', ill one of which was a I'anlinii.ionicon consisting of a hundred nnd thirty iiistriimenls, , mil nii nntomalon Inmipetcr, wliic'i cxeciiled syinphoiiies nnd marclies with ndmirahle precision, we lell llie palace anil proceeded to the IJelvidcic lo see a eiilhetion of pie- tiircM, which was enriched by Joseph II. at the lime ol (lie suppression of some of Ihe convents. Their nuinis'r anioimts to iipwanU of one lliiiiisi.iiil lour hundred, and they occupy Iwentv-threc riKims, being ranged in order aeeordiii!: to Ihe different selioi'ls lo which they iKlong. .Most of (hem nri' work" of rare beauty and viiliie. At the. Ilelvidere we mil the King of It ivaria, aeeoiii- panied by his ehamberlain. Count Iteelilii rg. The count is an enlightened coniioissi'iir of art, nid liis e.vplana- tioiis of (he suhjcets of the pictures, ami liis remarks on their c.vecntiuii, were listened to with cousiderablu iiite rest by the king. M. Fuger, the keeiier of the Helvlden-, who is hiuisclf an eminent iHirlrnit nnd historical painter, conducted us through the gnlliry. lie particularly di- rected our attention to some fine works of Titian and Rubens, which were; so nninerons that they filled two rooms. Wc also saw several cliff d'murrrt of Vnndyck; hut as all the pictures of the Ilelvidere are described in u catalogue published in I7H|, I need not enter into any details reN|»'cting them. I may however nicntinn, (lint in each room (hern is a list nf (he pictures, (ogethcr with the names of the masters to whom they are nttributed. This nrrangeinent is of course exceedingly useful (n visi(er8 who may not linp|«'n to Ik- accompanied by such able cieeroiu's as Count IJeehlH'rg nnd Professor Kuger. While thesis (wo connoisseurs were disputing very learnedly on the pre-eminenee of the galleries nf Eit- roiie, anil were coinmenting on the various styles and de- grees of merit belonging to the dilfercnl painters and schools, I hinted lo iMr. Uritliths that our iliniier hour was approaching; and wc accordingly ndjoiirncil from the gallery of jMirlriits (o the gallery of living cliariie(ers. We got (o .Mr. Keilly's only a (I'W minutes iH't'orn the announcement of dinner. The (aide was laid out in u long gallcrv, at the further extremity of which nn im- mense Knglish siilelHiard, covered with a profusion of plate, china, nnd cryshil, denoted the weallli rather than the good ta'-tc of our host. Mr. K placed on his right till! Prince Itnyal of Havnria, niid on his lelX the Prince Hoyal of Wirlemlnirg. The rest of the company, consisting of n mimerons assiMnhlage of princes, gene- rals, ministers, *V e. rang! d tlK'iii;.el\'es ns tliey pleasi'd. I had llie good loitune lo gtt iouleJ lit.\t lo Sir Sydney Siiiilli, whom' eiiii\ersatii.u was |Heiili.iily nilrn-bling, in- asimieh as il hnpis lad to turn on i v< iil.s in w Inch ho had llilll.sllf llri II |« Ts.ill.llly eonerrnid. .•^ir Syilni y .Smitli hid ln.l, lik" many olhcr fon igil- s, Isiii ihiiwii to (he coiign-s of \ i.'iiiia till rily by iiiolivis of ciirio-ily; his ol.jii t was leil I, ss |h,lilic my \oii e (o ilelind his lights. In lliat assembly, whore lliii words jiislice, repii- ralion, and legitimacy, are sacredly invoked, 1 will o|» lily np|H'al to tlu' conseieiiec of the rnonnrelis, and in sup|Mirt of my arguments I will refer them to Ihiirown. !(', I'onlrary (oall proli.ihilily.my cause should fail lieliiie Ibis angii.st (rihimal, I will li-arlessly bring it beliire the parliament of Kngland. I will ask why » legitimate king is deprived of his [mwcr; why the lirmcst i in my of llonn|iarle is to 1k' the victim of his intrigues; uiiil why (he sovereign, who, widi cliivalrotis (lairagc, was the tlrsl (o adaek the colossus, should Ih^ f irsakeii in hi:i iiilsfortiine. It is a well-known (iiel lliaf .Nnpolcnn never loigiiM' (misI.ivus Adolpliiis tiir repnmcliiiig him as ho did widi (he Duke (I'Knghien's murder ; liir reealling his imhassnilor Iroiii I'nris ut the time of (he diiKe's deadi ; and finally, for redtiiiing to (he King of Prussia the dc- eoradoii of (he black cngh', which had nUo Ikcu sent (o Itonajiartc ; t ttislavns alleging as his reason tor rejeeling it, that he could not wear on order which wnidd mukii him Ihe hrodier in urms of an assassin. I am well aware," continued the admiral, "that I shall Ih' tobi the king himself signed his net of uhdieution; but I will answer thai he wus then a prisoner ; nnd even though, yielding lo ciremnstanees, lie renouured his own claim to llie throne, is it to Is- exjH'Cted that he shoiild disinherit his son, and dethrone his dynasty ? The prince, who is allied to bo many sovereign houses, the descendant of (!nstaviis Adolplms, (•ustaviis Vasii, and Charles XII., must inspire tlie inti'rest w liich is attached lo such gri'at n'collcctioiis. Surely at the present nioiiieiil, when priii- cipb's are invoked, it is ini|Kissihle to eoinmit the iiieoii- sisteiicy nf rejecting tlie most sacred of principles, viz. that of heri'ditary succession, sup|>orled by so much glory and Ihe duration of centuries." — "Hut, admiral," observed I, "iKdicy, the faith of promises, and the gene- ral interest, are things which cniinot lie lost sight of; the congress cannot annul (hose solemn nnd public ae(s, or even those secret tri'aties, which ensure to l>i'riiadot(e and (o his dynasty (be |M'aceful |Missessioii of the throne of Sweden. His einincnl service lo the Kuro|N'un cause cjiii never Is' rceoiii|M'nsed hy sni'h treachery ; he eaiinol l«! hurled from the high illation lo whieh lie has Ihcii raised hy tli<^ unaniiiioiis voice of Ihe ■'Swedish iiadoii, and which he has hilherto shown himself so worthy to fill. The allies will nut force iijhiii (he Swedes (he mo- narch whom they have rejeedd, and whose condiiel hilherto has |Krhaps justified dieir revolt. I liave'-cii informed, siiie4! my arrival in Vienna, dial shortly artcr die ballh! of I.eiiwie (Jiistnvus wrote lo Nn|Milcoii, rc- r|iiesting tlint he would (icrmil him lo enter his service; or nl least that he would ensure lo him a refuge in I'rantt." — " Yes," obstrved the admiral i " and il niny be I V '< 1." ', ,^il rt ''vt lU. ■ •W;,1 , .If; ! <^ e ' . ■. vT ■,' 'I 'I 191 iOt'RNAL or A NOBLEMAN II! , :» ;p;-: -f^:'^' added that Napolenii di-idained to extend his hand to a lirostrate foe." — "Ah, Sir Sydney, a tillir of plory often pursue!) its ponsessor in adversity, and throws a lustre over misfortune ; and jn the e<|uivocal situation of lius. tavns Adolplius, misfortune must be sup|)ortcd with dig- nity to render it respectable. I have always observrd that, in adversity, those arc most pitied who live in re- tirement and avoid attracting attention. But, after all, there is no little honour to be earned in rnilini; in sueli an attempt ; and you, admiral, like our Abbe Delille, will deserve to lie called le rourlimn (lit maUieur." — " As I htivo never hc^en a courtier except to fallen fjreiitness, I will be firm to my principles, and ilefend the interests of Oustanis, who is in all res|icctR worthy of snpiwrt. Surely the rigliU of the |)eople will not Iki contended for in a conffrtss, in which legitimacy is the only (jod in- voked. If, to the inisibrtune of mankind, there is no tiilmnal to which an ap|)cal may be made apainst arbi- trary acts, iwstcrily will at least pronounce judgment, nnH will uny that if tlustavns has l)ccn the object of envy and animosity, it iu Iweausc brilliant qualifications and fxalted rank seldom escape the attacks of calunmy. On the throne as well as in private life, it is unjust that chil- dren slioidd Kuft'er for tiie faults of tlieir (larcnts ; and now that all Kuropc is almut to be remoulded, would it not be easy to extract from the vast crucible parts •uougli for all whohavo any claini to coni|)en8ation ?" 'I'hc inereasinfr interest of the admiral's conversation induced me to ask him for some details of his adventur- ous life, which he very readily gave nie. The incidents he describod were so various and extra' rdiiiary, that they eecnied to belong as nmch to romance as to history : passing rapidly from the happy days of his boyhood, to the b.'illiant [wriod of his youth, he recapitulated tlie principal events of his life in nearly the following terms; " After the pi'ncc of I if. 1, being unemployed, 1 entered the ."Swedish service. On the glorious naval victory of IT.'II, Ihc king invested nic with the grand cross of the order of the sword. Shortly after I entered the Turkish service, whence Ix^ing recalled by a proclamalion from my own sovereign, I acconi|ianied Lord Hood to Toulon ; and on our evacuation of that place I burned the French ships in the |iort. In 17116, being stationed before Havre, I captured a French privateer; but a calm ensuing, I was prcvcntcil from securing the prize. A sailor having fc- cretly cut the cable, the (lood tide carried me into the Seine, where, being attacked by a superior force, I was obliged to surrender. I was conveyed to I'aris, and con- fined in the prison of the Abbaye. (Some friends, by means of a false order, enabled me to eflect my esea|)e,* and 1 returned to London. I was then appointed to the command of the Tiger, eiglity-gun ship, with which I was ordered to wuteh the coast of F.^rypt. Af\er having bombarded Alexandria I suileil lor Syria, where my pre- Boncc induced the pasha to defend St. Jean d'Aero ; and with my assistance he obliged the French to raise tlie siege; on that occasion the Buh.-in prcnented mo with an aigrette of considerable value. On my rrlu'n to London I received the freedom of the city, together with a pre- sent of a sword from the corporation. In IH03 I was elected a memlwr of Parliament for Rochester, and 1 held niv scat until the rupture of the (leare of Amiens, when I obtained tlio command of liin Antelope, In 1805 I was made a rcar-iidminil, and I prneecdcd to the MediterraiU'an, whore I luok Caprea after a siege of some hours. When, in 1807, llonB|iarte declared that the house of Braganza had eeiiscil to reign, I conveyed the Prince Ilegent of Porlugiil and his family to Hrnzil, and •oon after I was ap|Kiinled see.ind in enmmiind to the flee' i<: the Mediterranean, in which ktalinn I remained until the general peace." To this brief narrative, whii:h was reloted witli n charming air of simplicity, I lisleneil with s\i(;h profound intpri'*!- that I ilid not pcieeive the monotony of Air. T't.illy H dinner, which, though sumptuous, ap|M'iired dull to every one (s'rhaps except mi' and the interesting indi- vidual who sat next me. The eminent |KTsiins who had boon brouu'hl toge(!nr either by tlieir own curiosity or the impiirtuiiity of their hust, ap|H. n n-wilsritr. R had collected in the course of his travels. This gave the room the appearance of a nuisrum. Tl..' Tyrolean minstrels, who were then quite t) In moilr iil Vienna, sang some of their native melodies j but even these enlivening mountain strains had not power to banish the ennui which in-rvaded the whole party. Mr. R , to do him justice, made every exertion to enter- tain his guests; hut in vain; and in spite of wliisi, sing- ing, and every other amnsement, he found it iiii|iossibIe to thaw the ice which beruinbed all prcFcnl. By ten o'clock most of the company had, under va- rious prclcnces, succeeded in getting away. I made my esca|ie unpcrceived; and I could not help reflecting on the absurdity of the man who had taken so much trou. ble, and s|K'nt so much money, for the sake of producing so unsatisfactory a result ; for throughout the whole even- ing, all seemed to be asking each other, how and why are we here ? I have sinec learned that, after the congress, Mr. R left Vienna, and proceeded to Paris. His wealth, which was the subject of so much mystery and wonder, was obtained at the gaming table, and it speedily flowed back to the source whence it had been derived. Reduced to abject misery, as at one time or oth i' the victims of that dangerous passion usually are, he ail'Jrcsscd, from his humble abode at Versailles, appeals to the bounty of those who had formerly partoken of his splendid ban- quets: like the celebrated gamester Bcauvarlet, who, seated on the steps of tlie mansion whicli had once been his own, gambled with the money thrown to liim by ills old associates. CHAPTER XIX. I'lieipiTii'il mreiing wlih Ihc I'riii'-e lie I.liine— Ills iiinniir", niid nni (mi) .ili'jut love—Cuuiit ZavniluwBki— His unlucky ftdveii- tiin:. How many errors nnd regrets might be spared, if we had always siiftieicnt forethought to ask ourselves what at a future time we should think of any action we are about to iH'rforni, — what value we should allacli to the objec;, the attainment of which we eagerly desire, — and in what light we should regard the gratification of a pas- sion, which for a time absorbs the whole soul. To think of the time to come, during the time present ; to trans- |)ort oneself in idea into futurity, if it be Ihc greatest ef- fort of man over himself, is also the best security for the correctness of his actions. It Avaa late when I left Mr. Rellly's, and the night lieing very fine, I returned home by the ramparts. I was far from cx|iecting to meet any one I knew ; for in spite of Ihc various amusements of Vienna, and the numerous foreigners who thronged to them, nil in general relir.-d to their homes liefore midnight. In one of the bastinns .vhieh projected over the moat I |H'rceivfd at a liltle ed in a li)jht-coloured cloak, whicli in Ihc moonlight looked very much like Ihc ghost in Ilnmlet. Turiosily induced me to approach; onil it was not ivilhout surprise that I recognised the Prince de Ligne. — " Ah, prince !" I exclaimed, "what are you iloing here at this lute hour, nnd on so cold o night?" — " In love," replied he, "all the charm is in Iheb4>ginniiig; and therefore I like to renew that beginning as often us |K)ssible; but at vour age I was waited for; at mine I am obligiil to wait; and what is worse, I wait to no pur- pose." — " I presume, prince, you are here on an assigna- tion I" — " Yes ; but unlbrlunnlily you see I am alone." — Ah, prince! if it be Iruc flint a woman can enjoy no happiness except by the reflection of nnollier's glory, where is the woman who would not be proud to owe her happiness nnd glory to you ?" ' Prince," said I, " I will not iiilrude u|)on yon any longer," — " And I," replied he, "will not wiiit niiy longer. I^enil me your arm, nnd let us go homewards." .As we wnlki'd nioiig, the prince's conversation bore n tinge of nielaiieholy, which was rviiliiitly the temll of the little diwpiHiintment he lind just sustained. " One iiiighl be lemplid to believe," said he, "llint in life refleetioii comes only ns n Inst inisfortiiiie. Wlienohl, we live by Hie henrl Hiui the iinaginntioii ; when the JHwIy begins lo deeny, it is only love that oau warn us we slill live.]' — " Yes, prince ; bill the ndvnnlage of ex|ierienee and reason must not be forgotten," — "'I'rue, reason hel|)s us lo Ink', rate and eonsoU', and that is lo love," lie then reverted to some of (he brilliant iiicidiiits of his long enrecr; de- lailiiig several of his fents of arms, witlioiil foigelling the moments he had devoted lo love. " Dili," added he, as h« finished the picture, " life is like a riip of clenr watMi wliieh it disturbed as \vn drink it ; the flrtt drops are ambrosia; but the sediment is at the bottom, AiV: all, what does it signify? Man arrives at the tonil. ,i t lie wanderer reaches the threshold of his home;— anj here I am at mine. Uaod night!" I then left thai p, cellent and extraordinary man, whose only foible perhap, was that of not accommodating his taste to his aijc, n; giving credit to the fable of the Loves crowning the gttt hairs of Anacreon with roses. As I was walking slowly homewards, I found mKij at the door of the Roman Eni|)eror hotel, which Cat. Zavadowski was just entering. He invited me to lake, glass of punch with him ; and I followed him lo tn apartment. ('omit Zavadowski was the son of a favourite miuj,!,, of Catherine II., and on the death of his father WcanK heir to n vast fortune. I hod known him very will u St. Pelersburg, where his noble birth, his amiable injt, nets, nnd a fund of information far be^'ond his vein, rendered him a favourite in the mott distinguished cir elcs of Ihc Russian capital. On the conclusion of pejt, he pro|ioscd visiting tlie diflerent capitals of Eurois', anil, with this view, proceeded straight to Vienna, during il,, I silting of the congress. This was of course an etctl- 1 lent preface to the liook of the world, every pag; ^ | which he was anxious to (icruse. I " I have been spending the evening," said he, "»i4 j my relati.nn Prince Razumowsky, who gave a ImH h I honour of the Empress Elizabeth's Saint's day. 'fl» | heat was excessive, nnd I came away before supper, gave him a desciiption of Mr. Reilly's dinner, on i, count of which he had already heard from the PriDa| Royal of Wirtcmburg. I expected next morning two Hungarian horses to d I sent lo me, which I v»-a» assured were the best trolteriiil Vienna. As I wished to purchase them, I asked lit I count to accompany me to tlic Prater to trjr them, whitil he promised to do. While we were talkmg aboiittntl ting horses, of which 1 think none in Europe equal ihm I employed in the Russian sledges, for tlie winter races « I the Moskwn, the count prepared to undress. He obnemt I that he was much fatigued with dancing, as lie lindbtul teaching the Mazurka to some German ladies, wlioirn'[ (irevniled on to substitute the graceftU elegance of hi 'olisli dance for the slitT formality of tlic minuet. "Cm\ night, then, count," said I ; " I will put out the liglit>.u^| give this lioiicie to your valet de chi'inbre. Be rcodTlnl morrow at 10 o'clock." Next morning the horses were harnessed in my cnrrhl cle, and at Ihe appointed hour I was at Zuvadnntlii'il door. On entering I was met by his valet, who tnidiKl that tlie count was not yet up. " How ! not up ?" I n.1 claimed, " nnd in bed before midnight : — a lozy felloi I'll soon rou^'e him." I entered his chamlier, unri fougil hiseurtnins closely drawn. "Come, come, Znvadnwtii,' snid I, "wlial means this? I hope you are iiol ill'"- He rniscd his bind from the pillow, nnd drowinj; liil hand across his eyes, as if to dash aside a teiir, lie M.f claimed, "Alas! my dear futlier, why did I losclhrt' — "Count," resumed I, "what nils you ? Whnt mfl»| elioly dream has revived the memory of your father (I this moment? Come, come, the horses are at tliodocr.'f — "My dear friend," replied he, " it is no drenni, hulil »ad reality. I lost Iwn millions last night!" — "VuA diiwski, nre you iiind 7 I tell ynu, you nre in lieil,»lKfil I left you last night. I extinguished the lights nivWl iM'fore I went nwiiy. Are you dreaming or aslre|i -I " Neither, my IViend ; but I nm awakened from u tlffll which I could fuin have wished had Ix-en my Ini-I. Z — I and Count It called on me after you went u»'«y, lliI candles were lightid; we played the whole night, aiiilll Inst two millions of rubles, for which they have my bilk'! I ailvnnced lo Ihe window, and on drawing aside ilirrti.l lain, I saw the chninlMr strewed with cards. A I'cn (JMll hours hnd eomplcled the ruin of the uiiforliiiiiilr yniirti iiinii. " My dear enmit," snid I, " in all prolwliililv lliif is merely a joke, inleiuh'd lo iilnrm you. I'e enmlirMl They cannot surely iiilenil lo rob you in this nay. Il will go lo Ibem iinmcdinlely. They cease In Ir nil friends if they h"silale tiir one moment to nilopi Ibl course which iioniinr dictates." In a (iw minutes I w"" nt Z 's lodginf!'. Iwl deaviiiired by every |)nssilde nrgnment. In prevail onkitl to relinquish his unjust elniins. I |>rinled oiil Uir lilill Cdiiaiupii nces that might ensue to himself, if llif 'Hut should reach Ihe e.irs of the eni|H'ror, whose nn'r>i(«iil gaming wns well known, nnd who, I said, unulil i»l ilniilitedly inake some signnl example, for Ihe pntfiitt^ cheeking Ihe practice niiiong his olHrers. Iliil ill «| enilenvours lo bring liliii to n sense 'if jiistire «err«»| v.iiling. He ridieiileil whnt he (irmeil my sinlimmliil pn'hos, and concluded by expressing the hii|ir ihiilr Tan w.inl «,.„f I,.,, 'i.i'i|e, iinicclliin iiiii ( AT THE COXGKESN OF VIENNA. lie bottom. AlV: 's at tlie toiiil) ij r his lionu'i— aiij | tlicn Ic'lV that n- mly foible pethapi I ste to liis Bifc, ir„i crowning tlicgtty ] Is, I founil mvFFii I lotcl, which CVai). I ivited nil' to lake 1 1 llowcd him to hu I 1 favourite nuni^tn I hit! fttthtr liccaiM I n him very wdl « I , his aniinbk' mit. I bc^'ond hilt y^•^^l Ft distingtiislird cir conclusion of jicitt, tals of Europe, >ni. I Vienna, during ilJ of course an Hcd- 1 )rld, every pogt »; ip," snid he, "»nll who gave a ball u I 1 Saint's day. 'fkil ly before supper. 1 1 illy's dinner, on «.[ ird from the rtisal riparian horses to t< I re the best troltfr>ii| I! thcin, I asked tin I T to try them, wliril re talking abouttnil n Europe cquolthwl r tlic winter races ot I undress. IleobKcmtl icing, as he hndbttjl man ladies, whownr ceful elegance of llii| f Uie minuet. "Gm^I put outthcligbt>,iDll puibrc. Be rcndynl irncsscd in my am\ |was at Zuvadnwtlii'il lis viilct, who tiildiK tow '. not up ■"" I a| light ; — a lazy friloi: clmmlier, and fomil come, Znvadow«ki you ore not ill ' "■ i\v, ond drawin); Ul aside a tear, he n Ihy did I lose Ihrt" I you 7 Wlint mel»l Iry of your I'nlhet t\ Irsesaro at thedoot."| |it is nn dream, ban isl night '."—"Zati-| on are in IiciI,\\1kii[ •d the lights niyw lining or iisleep ' - keiH'd from u tlrt^| iK'on my Inhl. Z- i)U went away. Tkl whole niiilil, ond I Ihiy have inyhilk' awing aside llirm. Ii earuc. A ten «hal| uiiforlumitc y<'\n\ II all prnliability i»[ on. I'c ie lliilli 10.1 would pivc hiin a ehaiiee of winning my euiriile luid u.iir ul' Hungarian horses ; in which case, lio observed, I should have an o(i|)ortuiiity of preaching for myself. 1 indisnantly left him. Kroni thi: ollieer I went to the diploinatist, wlioiii I found, if (HHsible, still more devoid of feeling. lie made a Ion" «i>'fi'li to prove to me that nothing was more honest and honournblo tliaii to rouse a young man ol' nvcntv from his lied at midnight, for the pur|iose of rob- liiiiir liiui of his Ibrliuie. " Is it worth while to make so luauy wordi about the loss of a few daninnchkios .'" [the iiauio lor papir mom y in Russia,] said he. " We huvi (laiuiants hero for thrones wliicli have been lost in an unlucky game ; but do you think their apjieals will Ih- listened to? You saw the pentleninn who left inc just as you entered: — that was tlio IMuniuis Drignolo. lie has come li'TC to suu for the iiulcpendoncc of (ienoa. He U ambassaiior iVoiii the expiring republic, and here is the euerL'etio protest wliieli he iiilrnds to address to the eoii- irress. Vou in.iy read it. Rut in spite of all liis logic lionoa will be given to riedmont. The winner must have the winnings. Venice with all her ancient wisdom has disap|)cared. The Adriatic has not swallowed her up; bill Austria has won her, and Austria will have her. .Malta solicits from the congress only her arms and Iut ruck { but it is said Ejigland lias won her, and let England keep Ikt. Prussia has won Sj jny, Sweden Norway, and Russia I'olaml. All Europe is now at play round a large green table ; kingdoms arc the stakes, and a diplo- matic shake of the ilic Mlp ilAlliriis r,ir llie ni'li.iuii|.'— .Viienl.ile' rilalive lo llt.t Cioeeii I'lirisiina oI' Hwedell. A stranger visiting Vienna at the lime of the congress, merely us a looker on, would probably have been struck with nothing but the eonfusiou that prevailed there ; hut had lie hecoinc nn actor in the busy seeiir, it would have ossuined a dillereiit aspect in his eyes, nnd the contact of the distinguished individuals present would have awaken- ed a thousand ideas and hopes. For sonu! lime after my arrival in Vienna I had been so constantly engaged, that w ith the exception of a few lew formal visits lo the iiiembers of the French legation, I had had no communication with them, thougli several among them were my intimate friends. France was re- presented at the congress by Prince Talleyrand, the Duke Dullierg, and C^ouiit .Vlexisde Nuuilles, wliusi naiiKs are titles of the highest merit. M. de Talleyrand seemed indeed to be the most iiiHuential meinbcr of the diplo- matic assembly, in which the ascendancy of his wit and talent was not less conspicuous than it had previously Im'cii in his own saloons at Paris and Neuilly. France nt that lime stood In a situatiem equally dilfienlt with rcs|ieet to i\iernal and internal ulfairs. Enthralled in the em. harraKsments and disunion arising out of a new organi- sation, the French government was neither able nor will- ing to manifest any thing like vigorous measures. The great (lowers, the arbiters of the congress, tlierclbre maintained a degree of concord uiipiiralleled in the re- cords of diplomai'y ; and the representatives of France, by talents of the first order, smoothed away the obstacles raised up by a quadruple alliance with all its power and iinportunec. I was invited lo dino with Prince Talleyrand, and I naturally looked forward with some impatience lo the appointed day, for I had not been iu company w ilh thai celcbraleil man since my early UiylKxid. I found him still remarkable lor his is'in trating glance, the immova- bility of his t'eatiircs, and the airs and manners of a man of rank. The prescuee of iiiy friends M.M. Uoucii and dc Haing liol|H'd lo give me eonfidenee in appearing iK'fore that court of wit, of which a cireumstunce of my youth contrihiiled not a little to inspire me u ith awe. At nn early hour I arrived at the hotel of the French embassy. From tlic apartments of Monsieur de Rouen I descended to the sn/oii lie rircjition, iu which were the prince, the Duke Dallierg, and the Countess de Perigord, .M. de Talleyrand's niece, who did the honours of her uncle's house. The prince received inc with thai grace, ful atfahility which to him is second iiulure, ami, taking me by the hand, with an air of kindness which carried me buck to a former [M^iod of my life, he said, " So, sir, you could not pay me u vi.nil until I came to Vicnnu." Then, without waiting for a reply, which he pcreeinil I'rom my embarrasMuent would not he a very ready one., he presented me to the Duke Dallierg. 1 knew the duke, not inily by his |sditieal repnlation, but nl.so by the character I liuil received of him frcmi the I'ouuless de Witt, who had Iseii well aci|uaintcd with him at Warsaw . .Vs to Madame de Perigord, I was in the lialiil of nieet- lug her every day in company. 'I'lfse eircninslnnccs soon made me led at home iu a sahiiui in which I ex- {Hcli'il to witni'ss some of the most animated Kceiies of the liistorienl drama of Ih" ciuigress, I coidd ncl help ciingratnloting myself mi niy liirlunnle inlrodnclions nl N'lenna. I have passed the morning, Ihonglit I, with the Intelligent anil elegant Priiici' dc I.igiie, and ill the evening I enjoy the socicly of .M. de Talleyrand; while the one enlightens my mind by the lessons of his long cx|K'ricnee, the other will iiline my taste by the luiigic of his eonversntion, wlileli hiiIiiIucs even when it fails lo eiuivinci , and that shrewd and jmlieioiis oliscrvation which foriiiH the most desirable school of tahnt and mnnners. Prince Tulleyranil ha* lirrn w) closely rnnnceird with the great events of his lime, Isilh public nnd secret, thai it is im|Hrtr:iit of him withoiit en. lering into a vavl series v( |"dilienl details. I)f nil the stalesineii of modern limes, none iM'rlia|w i\er enjoyed so high a reputation during his lile, on nceouni of the extraordinary cvints in which he has taken part ; nnd for llml very reason history alone can see nnd deserllM Ilia eharneler in its Iriie light. The dinne niirly was smnll, a eireiniislaneo nl wliieli I rejoiced, sii " it nlVorded me the Is'tler opisirtunily of seeing nnd hearing every individual eom|aming the in- teresting group. I Besides the nicmhcrn of tlio French cililuissy, the only foreigners were Prince Razumowski, (Jciieral Pozwi di l)orgo,» and the Duke de Uichdicu. When I left the duke BH)dessu, where I s|K'iit some inonllis with him, he was in a most distressing sitnaliim. 'i'he |dngue was raging in his governments of Chcrsou nnd Tanrida, and it was only by the most arduous exertions that he suc- ceeded ill ridding himself of the Icrrilie visilnnl. On meeting him again at Vienna, my ipicstioiis were as rapid as my joy was sincere. I sat at tnhh? Iielwccn him and .Al. de la Uernnrdiere ; and wc talked of the horrors of the terrible scourge, with Ihe interest with which shipwrecked sailors may be supposi d to revert lo thu dangers liny have escaped friuii. All who know tlio Duke dc Richelieu entertain tor him the sincere res|>cet which he could not fiiil lo inspire. Few imii have given proofs of such nobleness of mind and rigid disiiilciested. ness, in the high olhces he has lieen called to fill : his reward is the universal estimation in wliicji his name it held. He related lo nic a number of inleresling anecdotes eoncerning some of the inhabitants of O.lessn ; and iia the duke spoke in a very loud lone of voici', the other guests were unavoidably drawn into our conversation. Thus, during the whole time of dinner, nolliing was Bjiokcuof bntthe plaglie,of which M.de Richelieu painted the disasters nl Odessa, while I dcseribi d what I had wiliieSBcd al Conelanlinople. (Jradiinlly, however, other subjects were stiirlcd, and the cimversation bcenme general. M. Pozzo di Korgo, w hom I now met for tho first time, ap|)eared to me In combine, with n eonsiihra- hie fund of inliirmatimi, theslirewdne.ssof mind common among his eonnlrymcii. From the eonimc iiccinent of his career, he had "been the dcclnrcd enemy of llonaparte, and he did not disseinble the snlisfactiou be cx(i< riciiccd at his ilownliill. He pointed out, with great clearness of r(\i8oniiig, all the circumstances which had accelerated the enlaslroplie. When wi' retired to the drawing-room, we fonnd a number of distinguished personages assembled. On seeing most of the memlH-rs of the diphunalie Istdy grouped round M. de Talleyrand, a stranger might have supposed that his hotel was the place appoinli'd for Ihe sittings of the congress. The Countess ile Perigord, who did the honours with her usual grace nnd ipiiit, tempered the occasional dryness of the pcditical discus, sums, which, ill the course" of the evening, Inriied upon the alluirs of Saxony. M. de Talh yrnnd iiiainlaincd Ihe rights of that coniitiy with dignity "niiil sound logii: : •' ft li.is been the fule of Saxony," siilil he, "to lie too fro- qiicntly drawn into (piarrcls'to which she ought to have been a stronger, and Ihe conseciucnces of wlileh hovo several limes proved filial lo her. Angu.stus of S'lxony, by allying himself with the Czar Peter, dnw Charles XII. into Poland; Augustus II., by Inking ])Brl in two wars of Frederick II., abandoned liis stales, and retired to Warsaw, w here he for|iol his disasters in the bosom of pleasure. For upwards of forty years Saxony has llourishcd ipiietly and unenvied, di'sli'nguii«lied onlv for the |iaternnl mildness of her governiiient and her ciiitiva- lioii of the arts. Saxony may he more falnllv involved in the presi ill inslanee than she has ever Is'in betbrc ; yet it is contiminlly rcmurlicd here, that the king ia saved, though he cedes the two I.usalias, the eirelcn of , the county of , the dnteliy of — , \ e. The king imiv Is' saved, it is true, but ihe kingdom is hisl. What w ill Saxony br when Pruuia ihall touch the suburbs of Dresden I" A wiirmurgumenl arose Is'lwecii r.ordCosllcreagh nnd the French envoys: which however I did not liciir, as I hod withdrawn to converse with the Duke de Richi lieu. When the duke and I lejoined the eiri Ic, the prince had iivcrcome the grand arbiter of the dustinies of nations, ami equity Iriumphed. Though there is an sir of eoldnrsH nnd rcierve in the pirsou nnd manners of M. de Tnlli yrnnd, yet liis uMiwed merit made every one eager to court his llivonr ; nnd even his npp:irenl coldness si'rved lo incrcuse the vainn of his interest nnd fVlendihip. All were proud lo ohtnin :Vom him a kind smile, or u token of uiiprobatimi. lie possesses IhnI ticxibililv of talent, whicli, wilhnnl efTi.rt and |H'ilunlry, ennblen him lo shine on great oeeasions. ' Volts • I'linrr Por.io illlli>r|ii'i enrl)' hlalor; Isnnrrnleil Inilit' mill 1*1. Heleni," Ihiii: — " I'li/iui ill llnrjo w ns lite pint of tt plieiiltrril hi Conies, wlitt itM'il In Irini e||i>, ntlik, nii4 Imliei to ilie IIimiii|iiiiii' ntntlly liiini ;t pnintl hoy, lie was iiollreil lo Mnitnine Mere, wtin pnlit Tor tils si'lioollnK:nlterHnrilN, lltrotiKit lite Otif repis ot ihr Otiiiliv, tif. n-Rii I hoHoii ilepiily lo tlir le$l»liiitve boflv, nn titetr nnti were ioo yniitti lo hr sliirletl. Me rrlornnl lo I'oriilrn «• rinnirntol llelH-lal, wttt rs lie uittli'il lllttinelf lo reldlitl, «n tin|tlnrnliU' eueinv nt' tlie lliinnpnrirs, nnd ennpeiinenily lirmniK nnu liUniflT.' — A>le #y tkt 4'i%''. ; '; m .h 1^ ,'i < , t '■■'s » , l-.iiitor. .' :i\t Bm 106 JOl'RVAI, OF A NOBLEMAN I-. '. '.*■■■•-, ^• I li^;.<- M ^1 mill wliiili, ill sociiil iiiUrcoiirsc, lends iiiiinil;il)lc- jjratT even to tlic most riivoloiis cnnvoriatioii. Siillitiiiil jus- lloc Ins mver brni rinilenul to M. cloTiillcyriiiHl's Uind- iic-ss oriiiiirt. He never rendered a service for tlio sake of ostentation : uud he ia tliu first to forget his own acts ofsroodiicss. Tlie party l)roke ii]) nt rather an early linnr, the Countess do I'eri},'ord niicl most of the eonipany liiinu ciijatjcd to H concert ut court. We tlierciiirc lel\ the prince at the aiiy invited liy the court. Kacli hunter wii» attended liy lour pages, who loaded their guns for them; and hehiiid the pages jiii/u'iira armed with lances guarded against luiy jinssi- bility of dani;er. At a given signal the liattmri drew together, and al the same moment there issued from tlic various oiitlels of the wood a coun'less nunilHr of wild Imars, deer, lia.es, and other kinds of game, whieh were shot liy the privi- legi'd sjHirtsmen. The s|H)rt was kept up until the num- ber of animals killed amounted to several (honsanils. • i\fy friends and I were stationed at a Utile di.-.liince from the lOmpress of Austria. Shu always aimi d al hare's, or some small kind of game, and rarely missed licr mark ! (tn our return home Ypsilanli exprcsFeil himself sur- prised at tile extraonliii iry dexterity of' the empress, " I'oulitless," oliicrMil ' -Aw takes her aim with won- derful u'-curary ; Imt in arsenal of Stockholm I h.ivi seiii a earliine with wliieli, it is ainrnieil, Queen Cliris- lini amii.e \\ ill hi jni ; and wion afler we reaelieil the Yager-Ziii we sal down to dimier- I f""!^ ■■ \ ii urn cHArrcK XXI. Dlii'iT j-nriy wiili .-"iih- iih nil - \>HnlMh> r. |,iiicl hv ili - •Irilllilhll -llrii:;rii|ihinil *l,i-li li .ir llie I eli liriliil I ti-x V, liiikii A ilr.ril|iiii.ii..r her inlnri' al Tinilrhln-M' m |it|,iL. in II— llll-eMMOll llltllM Ml l*lll-t>tf . My Ihe rapid iinil extraordinary changes of I.iIIit linieu, how maiiyiiicn have heeii siiddinlvlhrusl out of lln- spin ii of llieir uHeelJoiis anil lialiil.s, far iVoni the eirele lia whii'li tale had ilestined them : How niiiiiy \ie|inis of vlolinl polltleni (wimmnlioiis have ihtIsIiiiI on the roik silanli lo the baron, " why do you iiol publish 1! picture of Ihe grand drama that is acting here, aliixing lo cjich of the great actors the seal of his peculiar genius/" ".\li!" replied Oiiiptcda, "at the present moment that would be cillier a piece of scrvik' ilatlerv or hitler satire; nnd inileed, wilh very few I'xeejilions, Ihe originals noiilil not he worth the colours nnd the canvass. You know what nxentiern said to his son, who, on aeenmil of his youth, was unwilling to go to the enngri'.ss of Minister : ' (Jo, my son ; you will see by what Mien Ihe world is governed 1' " — " liul baron," oh.-crvcd Wr. tiiill'ilh.s, "you iiiusi not forget that merit iitlraels Mi\y as the loadstone allriiels iron." Isaliey relalid many ainutiiig nnccdolcs in reference lo the iii.iugiuiilion of Ihe imperial court, where he had such ample op|«irluiiity to f.liscrve nnd to (•arieature. lie fully eoneiirred in opinion with I'ascal, who say.', " Hirii ii'iMl /iliis ilii ti ill niiiili (/lie In lisie." The new ranks and the new coals of the newly elevated dignita- rics of the empire allbrili d n vast field fiir the exercise of his original humour. His deseriplion of the aU'eelalion of those who made a serious sillily of Ihe art of iiuilaliii!; the noblemiii of llie old court was in the highest degree ainiisiiig, especially as Isabev accompanied his descrip- lions by appropriate aclion. 'I'lie eonversalion gradually liMik n ililli icMl liirii, nnd each guest gnvc a biognipliii al skeleh of his life : and certainly the remarkable cm ills which were ciowili-il logclher In the eareir of some among them nii;;hl have liirni'ihed malcriiils lijr n vi.liime or two of anecdoles eomieeled wilh Ihe history of lla aire. Til ten horn npiiiled with hilt lillle variily tin hislory he li.iil relati d lo inc on my first nrriv.il in \'iiima- Tlie hour had iinw iirrived for Ihe masked riilolln i.l eoiirl, and we all propoveil to sel oil', proii'isiiig, as ii>iial, t(i ronehide the e\eniiig w ilh one of I hose pleasaiil |ie. oics which were then very emlomary at Virnnii. Having lieipienlly incnlioni il the n.iini off I !)< Will, hi li.re |NiiiaJiii|r Ihe oiemrenies lit Ihe liil.illo, Ihe following meiii pkues He Were niiwl niixlniis t.i visit in mr lour lo lliissia was Ihe town of Toulehiii, the c ipll.l, if I may so call il, ul' llir \,,,-l dooi.iins po^Ms-id hy Ihe head 111 Ihe fiinily of roloeki. That npiili Hi and Ihr nil riy |Kiwcr|'u| liuiise was, ut the (urioil of niy tj.ji there, represeiiled liy a woniaii, Ihe Coimless .Siplmi rolueka,* Ihe hislory of whose lili- had giu n hi r iiiii mole eelehrily in this purl nf lairoiK- than in r iiiiiiK use iiehes, .>ludame I'liloeka « le. al that lime not tar liom her lilliilh year. Hhe had, liowiMr, hy no mean,, yi I ■ Wli. II a liiiiillv iiniiM 111 I'Hisirili ii.|. |ii«., iIk- |. Mi.ili n.ir' nir '•l» U)^ ifiblXilllLiI liy iljii lubiiiiuiluii III ail a let llli f Inst any of her freshness nnd vigour, and she w;ih j,, every respect entitled to the reputation of U'ing a vi'rv biaulifnl woman. licr figure wns tall, noininaiiili;i'', graceful, and extremely well formed, nnd there «ns j„ minlfccled dignity in her deportment which kept Cmj liarily within thi! proper limits of |rooiI breeding. ||,,' features were extremely well Ibrmed ; her large lil,,,'- eyes full of expression nnd vivacity; nnd nn ngncahlc smile oflcn plnycd upon her lips, which occasionally ,u, covered a most beantitiil set of tcctli. 'I'he Counless I'otocka was a native of Constanliiiopic where her father, a repiilcd descendant of the Caiii.,' euzcnc t;miily, followed the humble calling of n hniclu., Ill spile of industry and activity, he found great dilliculir hi earning a sulliciency to pay his way, nnd maintain In', will- and his only daughter, So|iliin. The Inttei- hndjii-i entered her fourteenth year, and her growing beauty n-j! the admiralion of the wliide neighbourhood. Kile ordained that the poor liulcher should siitTirr'. pealed losses, which reduced him to a condition linnl,,. ing on beggary. His wife unfolded her distressid ,i.^ cumstances to n Orcek, one of her relations, who «,, dragomnn to the French embassy, nnd who, in his Im^ relaled the story lo the .Marquis ilc Vuiiban, the min. sador. 'J'liis noblemnn Ix'cninc interested for the nii!;t. tuiiate nuiiily, nnd cspeeinlly for 8ophin, wlmni i.i, oflicions drngomnii described ns being likely lo fall ,.,j, Ihe siinrcf that were laid for her, and to liccoiiio nn ii,. male of the harem of soine pnsha, or even of a Turku' inferior rank. I'romplcd by pity, curiosity, or |«rliar, by some other motive, the nmbas.sndor pnid a visit toil, distressed family. He saw Snpliin, wns chnrnicd lij- !,„ beauty and intelligence, nnd he proposed that her p;irnii, should place her under his care, and allow him to coiivfi her to France, 'i'he misery to wlilcli the (mor \mA weie reduced may perlinps palliate the s linmo of ,ucii, ing to this extraordinary proposition; but, be tliiii a.; may, Ihey consented to surrender np Ilicir dauclitrrf' the sum of 1,500 piastres, niul Sophia was that sainiilT eondneled to the ambassador's paliice. She fotinil in i . .Marquis de Vnulian a kind nnd lilieral Isncfaclnr. ||. ngaged masters to instruct her in every branch nl'i,'. cation; nnd elegnnt accomplislmients, added to luri, tiiral charms, rendered lier on object of irretisl|i.l itlrnelion. I In Hie course of a few months the ninbnsKnilnnnil called home; and he set out, accompanied by his nrlni Ireasme, to trnvel lo Frnnce hy land. To dii:iiiii>li i, liir as isissible the fiiligne of the long journey, tlayitij ivedid liy short stages: nnd having passed lliniiil l';uro|».an Turkey, they arriv.-d at Knminicek in I'mliJj which is the first fortress belonging lo Knssia. Ilirti iiiari|nis delerniini d to rest for u short time before undftl takini; Ihe remainder of bis ledious journey. (■omit l»e Witt, a descendant of the grniid |icnslTOii of Holland, who was governor of the place, reeeiviillij iiolile visiter with every mark of attention. Tlieini however, no sooner beheld Sophia thnii he lieeiiiiicilii| eniunoured of her; nnd on learning Ihe cquivmal mIbI lion in which she stood, being neither a slave imT riiistrcss, hnl, ns it were, n piece of iiierchandi.-i' |J ehnsed lor 1.100 piastres, he wound up his dcclaruliMi J love hy an olVer of marriage. 'I'lie count wns a liiunk ni;iii, sc.ircely thirty years of nge, a lieiitciinnl giiior?!i the Kilssian ser\iee, mid enjoying the hi[rh favour nil/ -iivereign, Calharine II. 'I'lie liiir (iieck, ns iieiy«i1 Im^ imaiiined, did not reject this liivour of forlunr, leei pled Ihe ellir of her suitor wilhoiil hesilallMn. Il was easy lo lliriwee that Ihe Marquis de V,ii wi.idd not be very wilhiig In part wilh a pri/-e wliirliJ iiL'.irded as lawfully acquired, and lo which he nttiirkf 1111 Hiniill Viiliic. The coiinl Iherelbre fniind il aihi-ill 1.1 resort lo slr.itij.'eiii. .Aeeordinnly, his e.xeelli m-v ! oil: "Me day taken a ride Isyiiiid Ihe r.impiirts, Ilii'.!' hridgis «ere raised, and llie hivers repaired to iliii"i w hi re Ihi ir liiinils were joineil hy a /mpft.* Wliin^ iiiirqiiii appeared nl Ihe ifalis of the fbrln ss leaiided iidmillaiiee, n niessengi r was sent mil In inliif hiio of what had happened; nnd to emnpli le llir rf« 'iirhl of the comedy, the marriage conlract was ixhk 111 liiiii In due lliriii. To save Siphia fVoin the n pronehcn which Imf 1 iplliiicy, il may is'rhaps be snid her iiigraliliiili, «'^ ha\e fully jiislllied, the eoiiiil direeleij Ihr nilil»imiH suite lo pick up their baggai.i-, and join hJHi'Mril^ '.i/ifi niiiin.r. 'i'he |HHir marquis soon dlseoMTrillltJJ HIS quite 11S1 li -IS III slay where he was tor the |«W of M'lilliilf lineal ' and eooipl liiiti: ; and be hiiil ii'i^ ih.il Ihe iiiiirt u( i'iuiiLe wuuld think il worth «ul jri) Id »ar I ilieritiire pr |khIs, "ho s I.I' liniit I': J.eJii'llat-l anil he set o ni'vir again i v,ilue when i AlnHil lw< Wilt nlitainei ivilc, lie visiti iH-aiity, wliiel l,in;;uisliniciil niliiiii.illnu. nmrl nt' K-aii III iiilogy wlii knew lier at 'I mill ..'lie imLshi wliiiiii she a] IIVIII|llls. 'i'lie second ll'i'lly III iiiiiM, l'„|.«-.M, at tl r.'ii^eil a consii null vast forfi: III! r,.iii-i of r nil 1,1 return i llaailiiirg, wlic iVolliiiig is t 'I'll!' law cxteni tieiiian who ha iNviriiig Ills na iliviircc are nev RJilered as iiii|i 'J'iie liivi! of dii widlird tor scjin liiiii.scif of the ilivnree, nnd hi iiri,iiigeiiieiil, n iinil without furl uili', n.id I cant lint inililfereiit liiT nif ; hilt I w rclaiii fiir ever « are two piqiers: ivaiits your sigi n.iily ufKxcd he liimn of llorins, | mny therefore si just m you plen> Ills ndvciitnru at I'ri'neli anibansni picncil Ihe pnp<; liny (.'oiintess l*o Lilciil were now oiiioiMit of whicli SIki wnK recci\ tlirnii;;!! her ami: li'iiiliT of lhoiM,.t AT THE C0N<;KE.SS of VIKNNA. 197 r, luiil she w;i« i,, 311 of iH'ill); ft vi;y tall, roiiinKiii(li;r^, ami tlicrc' was m t wliicli Uipt t;i||;i. K)(I liro'iliiiir. Ilir J ; lier lar(;u M,i,< ; nnd nn ajrriTaWt ch occasionally mi. I ■p of Constantinople, idant of the Canli [Tallin;; of a liutclm. ^ound prcat (liliicully aVi nnil niaintuin In'. 'I'lic latter Imrt jii.| prow in? beauty wi! lurliooil. her pliotiUi siitTi r r [) a conilitioii luinlr. j d her distrcHtii'il li:. r relations, who wji and who, in his tiir, Vunlian, the mnlw. crested for tlie unlit. I • Hopliia, whntn ik[ 'in(j likely to liiU into I and to heeonie iii\ra.[ or even of a Tiirkiil curiosity, or |Hrlia|ijl idor )>aipoKer!J r (ireeU, IIR n\n iivdur of fiirliiin', k h>iMt lieHitiilien. Miircpiis de Vaitd with II prize wliiilij 1(1 whii'h he iitl«''H re Icnind it iiiliK^ ■|y, hi-- e.vc'ellrllivi lie r.iiiipartH, llni! 1H repaired l» H""t V II iHipii.* WUni the |iirlrri.s a was sent out to II eimiplite the i''« eiintraet was i^li* liuieheii which h'f Iher iiiKriilililili.''! Tiled the niiihii"'" Ind join his cmiM Isniiii diseiueriiillil lie wiiH (iir the |«irr mill he hi«l ' lliiuk it wuilhvlii*! 10 war liir the sake of iiveii(;iii)f his alfniiit. lie HjiTi liire prudently took u hint Iroiii one of the I'Veueh l«).ls » ho suys : l.e limit i*i l>"iir Ic fat, la plninle (Hiiir Ic mit, jitiJu'ii. It'll; liuiiinic Iruiiipi:, D'cluiiiiic, el lie dit inul; Mill lie set olf, doubtless wi'li the secret dctcrininalion lu.Vi r a^"'" '" ''■i'^''^ '" nierelmiidiso which possi sses no ijliie w'iicn it can be either houjjbt or sold. \lHiiit two years alter his inarriajje the Count De Will iihtiiiiied leave of absence, and, aeeoiiipanied by his »ili', lie visited the dittcreiit courts of Europe. Sophia's iHi'ii'li'. which derived piipinney from a lertain oriental iire'iiisliiiic'd of manner, was every where the tin me of Bijiiiii.ili""- '^'"^ I'rince de liiy^ne, who saw her at lln^ riioil lit' l-'raiiee, mentions her in his iMemoirs in terms oiinl""V wliieli I cannot think exaf:freniled ; lor when I liiiew lii'r III Tonlehin her charms ret;iiiied all their lii'^tre, aiiiUlii' niitshone the yoiinjr k-auties of the court, aniiilst U'jiiiiii slio appeared liko Calypso surrounded by her iivniplis. ■'J'hi> second perio ■"""y "" '° obtain a divorce in Poland. Tlio law extends so far on tills jKiiiit that I knew a peii- llciiian who luul no less than four wives, all livinj; and luariiiir his name. The motives of imrlies siiiiij; liir a ilivorce are never enrpiired into, nor is the act itself enii- siilereil as implyinjf improiicr conduct on either side, 'i'lic love of diversity is in most cases the cause of the wislii d for separation. (\mnt Potis-ki therefore availinir liiinself of the advanti j;e atforiled by the Polish law nl' iliviirie, nnd having previously made every necessary ariaiipeiiieiit, one morninfr ealleil on Ciiiint Do Wiii, anil witliiiut further eeremony said : "Cnunl, 1 love your uile, ft.iil I cannot live without her. I know that 1 am not inililferiiiit to her, and I might immediately cany iiiT nif i but I wish to owe my happiness to you, and to retain lor ever n jrralefiil sense of your (jencrosity. Here arc two pii|x'rs : one is nn act of divorce, which only waiilH your signature, for you see the eountcss has nl- riady nllixcd hers to it; the other is a IkumI for two mil- linns iil'lliiriiis, payable at my banker's in this city. We niav llierefore settle the business aiiiieahly or otherwise, jiisi as yon please I" The husband doubtless thoujjht of liis ndveiitnro at the fortress of Kaminieck, and, like the I'Veni'li ambassador, he rcsijrncd himself to his fatu ami silini'il the paper. 'I"ho fair Sophia Ix^came that same day ('ountess I'otocka ; and to the charms of beauty and talent were now added tho attractions of u fortune, the aiiiniiiit of which w :s unequalled in IOuro|K'. Sim was reiH-ivcd at court as a matter of course, nnd, tlirnii;>)i her amiable manners and rank, soon licenme the liailer of the ton ainonfr the Polish nobility. At his death theCiiiint I'otocki miidc her the sole and alisoliitc (lisjHisei nf llie whole of his iinincnso property.* She had a son by the Ciiinit Du Wilt, and Heveral children by the Count I'lilmki, who were nil very younj; at the time of tlieir fa- tlicr's ileiith. When I iMicnine acipiainted with this inle- resting' faiiiily the eldest was not moro than ei);liteen years oraire. The einmlesii had In^stowed the urealest cure on the ediieation of her children. Allliiiiii;li herself ori- finally broii|;ht up in n manner wliieli would not have (|nalitii'il her for the »ii]x'rinteiidence of the education of nlliiTs her miiid had siibseipiently iH'en cnllivated under till' i;iiiihince nnd tuition of her lirst friend, the nmlmssa dor, who taiiirht her to rend and write many lantrna^es rorri'i'llv, nnd laid the foundation of aeipiirements not rnininniily |ios«esKO\\ 4, mill wnineii. u liii iitinitcilii r iiiiKiiiiiliHt I < i\vi(-i< ihtit IlKitiilo'i Willi Mlllll a Vllffi IMipillllllllll, wiMt llllullt 111- rnltril III- I •iiliii, la, nnil mill n ri'venue nl nine inllllnii< nl lli'tin--, iTim.iHitl/ 1.1 I'linnl I'lilm-kl mil iiilly riijiiyerl ri-H'll liiiiiiiiliv mi Imm i-i- |iiir>,l»il niaily vverrlnil •iiMriMKn |iii»i r< in Uii> iiilininiKiriiiiiiii li'llhiiii purlieu is written in larpo pold Icllers the following,' jitiiiiLiit ill the i'olish langnaire : Mo> it evrr bi: lliu almde iif \ irlia- and I'm-i'iIuiii : Tiie wi-sh then ill expressed is no doiiLl praiseworthy; lint its a|iplicalioii would have lieeii more suitable to tlie house of Socrates than to a palace in Poland. Having liein ibrmerly known to the Countess Potocka at St. I'eler.sliin);, where she had (jiveii me a pressing in- vitnliun to visit her at 'I'onlehiii, 1 hastened, on iiiy irrivul there, to pay my res|>eets to her. .Aly eoiiipanion was a still older aeipiaiiitaneu of hers than niyself, and we proeeeiled togi tinr to the pnl;,e(\ We met with the most liiciully riie|iti 1)1 M. du 'riilli,\ranil. As it often happens that I cannot avoid bringing my- self into the feregroimd of the pietiures I Jraee, 1 fear that I may sonuiiines appear to iHciipy too prominent a place. lint in describing what I have seen and heard, I cannot hut speak ns nn eye witness; nnd if I do not pre. tend to captivate by the charms of style, I nt least claim the mi ril ol n strict ailhercnee to truth. The Court Uidotio, nt which wc^ had now arrived, ditfered but litth' from other enUrlainments of the saiiio kind, one of which took place almost weekly nt Viennn. I met tiie Prince de l.igne, who appeared somewhat less dejected than at our last nocturnal interview on the ram- parts, which I aeeomited for by presuming that the einise of vexaliiiii In: then experienied now presi nted a remedy. Judging from tho figure, the tone of voice, nnd the graceful mnnners ofthe domino by whom he was nccoiii- punied, I could easily imngine the regret which the dis- appoiiitincul must have occasioned him. " Look," said he, as I approached him, " ut the cli-gnnt llayailin: who is dancing in that ipindrilh' I wowld yon not swenr Unit she is inie of llie most ehariiiing girls in the mom? Yet I fimiid him out Isfon' he linil spoken three words. He is no other than yoinii; Allred, the hnither of Count Voyna."— " How, pnnci,"c\eliiiincd I, "n boy I"— "Yes, n lioy in feinnle nttin'. '» Hi'T"' ""V thing so very wonderful' in that / Your ccKbratid daiiecr Diiport rnnie to Vieinm disguisid n« n feinnle, anil alighted from his travelling carrinfc at the nsideiiee of the Princiss .lean Lichtcnsteiii. '"i"''' '"' danced the whole evening wilhmit chaniiing ln" ''"'""i to the great aslonishmeiit of a circle of arfinii' rs, who, on the liillow- iiig evening applauded liim I" llic skies at the t'onrt Theatre, when' lie npiienfcd in n female clinrai ler in his liallet of Arhillr ft Sitr"- Here we live in siieh a con- tinuni vortex of nin-'iilion or pleasure, that then' is no time for judging "' cstimnting niiy thing cornctly : thus nil ignoiniit ll-.'low with n little iaiiiit for compilntioii, iiniv imss fo' » 'lever niilhor; mid a man of mcdim'rity, witli a st«.k of nnecdoles, nnd nil hour's rending every morning on the snbjei I on whii h he menus to eonvcrso ill the 1 veiling, nniy easily neipiire n reputation for ta- lent. People do not scruilninc very narrowly. Happy \ '■') Ml, M ^> 198 JOIJIINAI. OF A NOBLEMAN .- > ». . * '.V ■• ji" ... ^- 'i. ■•' ■■V re" ! ' ■Vj>' -■■ is lie H-lio lias nothing to do but to obsiTve the (iillii-a ol' othorsl" Whili' 1 »:is lisliMiiM;.' " ith interest tn the rriiicc de I.ignc's livelv ieiii;irl>s, two ladies weuriu;; masks up- proaehc.l iiii'l drew mi' aside: — "Whiii yon address verses to lailios, sir," said one cjf the two, " you shouUi not iiiiilic tliem travel three hundred leaifues to thank the author." — " As Vienna is three hundred lea^jues from Paris, St. Petersburi;, or Naples, where 1 have oc- casionnllv addressed lud verses to ladies, permit me, fair mask, to rcpiest you to explain yourself more clearly, otherwise it will be lon" — " Then," said I, " I am not vain enough to tiatter myselt that any thanks ar^' due lo nie." — " Why not, if your eompliinents alVonled pleasure ?" — " The most timid bird may salute the BUn at bis rising-, hut the eagle alone can (raze on him in his full brightness." — Mere the tJrand I)uke(;onslantine aeeosting the ladies, |mt an end to our eonversation. I had diseovered the names of my fair in- ti'rloculors ; but all my efforts to spi'ak to them again were fruitless. The dream ended there I In one of the rooms I found I'rineeCariati engaged in a very animated eonferenee with a lady disguised as a gipsy, who soon arter made herself known to me. 'I'his was t'ountess Z , our charming neighlmnr at the .lager-Zeil. "t'ome both of you, and breakfast with me to-morrow," said she, " I want to consult you about u triek wjiieli I intend lo [day upon some one. It has been suggested to me by a little intrigue, which I will explain to you. 1 assure you the man I wish to plague is well worth the trouble ; so pray come to-morrow at twelve witiiout fad." A trick to be played, an intrigue to be made acquaint- ed with, and a breakfast with a pretty woman, were imwcrful attractions ; and we accordingly took leave of the ladv, promising to be with her ne.vt mornin^r at the appointed hour. While I w.is sauntering about, weary of the bu7.7. of couvorsntion, the noise of the nnisic, and the monotonous whirling of the waltz, 1 happened to caht my eye on .\chille du Rouen, who waj languishing un a sofa, and appeared to be quite as rniniijc as I was. I sat t ^lenplc who |«)sse»s no reputation of their own sli-Hild hav« Um jiowcr of ennfcrring reputation on others, and that mediocrity should mak« talent pay so dearly flir the favoiii il enjoys."— " Ks|HH'ialIy," resumed Rouen, " when talent w ut.;ompaiiied, ns in" the rase of M. osition of the man. By the by, ifl recollect rij^htly, a vireumstance occurred be. Iween yuu and M. Oe Ttlleyriuid somu year* ago, which iniisl have had an inllnence on your destiny." — " My dear Achille," replied 1, " how ollen have 1 regretted having let slip one of those rare op|Kirtimilies — those hrighl null ors of forlune, which show themselves only in early life, as (lowers appear in (he spring! How oilen does it happen that a moment decides the fate of a whole existence ! There is an op|)ortuiiity which, if not seized when i( preseids i(self, is not to be won back by regret. In this labyrinth called (he world, the ^lalli we imrsue, the outlet we arri\o u(, and the end we attain, depend on an infinity of little causes, in which our (ore- sight and our will sonu times have considerable inHiience, and at other times have none at all. Of this, the cir- emns(anee (o which you have jus( alluded is a proof. It is as follows : — " When HI. Ouvrard was in the ajiogee of his fortune, I was on a visit at his residence at Kancy, where I oc eiipicd apartments in (he pavilion called the /iom/)f n J'eii I was then seventeen years of age, and eircumstances, witii which you are in part ae(piain(cd, brought me into contact Willi all the eminent individuals who comiioscd what might (hen he called new France. " M. l)aneucour( gave a hunling party and a dinner at the Russian cottage at Kancy, to celebrate his apiKjint- meiit as captain-general of Uonaparte's hunts. Ainong the company were Al.M. de Talleyrand, Dcsfillieres, Ouvrard, Admiral Hrnix, Oiiierals Herthier and Laiines, and no other lady (lian .Madame Grand, who allerwards married the I'ruicc de lleiu veiito. In spite of the talent and informadon w liicli distinguished most of the indi- viiluals present, the conversation became languid towards the conclusion of Uie dinner. During a pause which ensued, M. Ouvrard asked me how I had contrived tlie day bel'ore to get to Paris, my horse having been hurl when I was out hunting, and there was not anotlier in the stables. ' I fell upon a very simple plan,' replied I, ' us you shall hear. "'With my head still aching Iroiii (he ettccts of (he winu of which I had drunk copiously the night betbre, (o prove (o my friend Montron that I was no longer to be looked upon as a hoy, I went down from the /)«Hi/ie ti feu to the chateau. My poor t'oundered horse was you know, the only disiKisuble one in the stables: how- ever, 1 was obliged to he in Paris at three o'clock to accompany the Dutchess of Oordon and her charming daughter. Lady (ieorgina, on a visit to the deaf and dumb school, to wbii'li they had been invited by tlii Abbe Sicard. As there was no probability of riding, I naturally enough deterinincd to walk. I set oft", and about noon reached the village of Pantin, without having met with any conveyance on (he road. Ilcing oppressed by the heal, and having gained u good ajiiiefite by my morning walk, I stopped at a mill, about a gun shot dis- tant from the road side, where I ordered breakfast. I asked the miller whether he could procure me n hor>e ? ' I have but one, sir,' replied the man, 'and for five francs i( is at your service. It is a sure footed beast, and I will answer for his carrying you safely to Paris. I shall he in town to-morrow, and will call for him.' The horse was produced. It was aliout the height of an ass, and was providicl with a pack saildlc. 'Hut how am I to mount him ?' said I to (he miller; 'have you not another saddle ? That, tor example, which is hanging against the wall.' — 't)li, sir, that saddle is new, nnctcd circumstance brouglii him in contact with Cardinal Chiaranioiiti. Du tlic ileath of Pius VI. u conclave was to be held at Venice loi the election of a new po|>e. C'hiaramonti was uiiublcUj attend tor want of money, and Tortonia advanced him i few hundred crowns. The cardinal accordingly reiiaiieil to Venice, where, in the church of S(. George, ho \>i» I clecleil |>op<', under the title of I'ius VII. In gratiludi. for (his ac( of service, tlie sovereign |iontift', on his retain I to Rome, ap|)oiii(ed him banker to the court, lie wii created a marquis, and allerwards a duke, and is now | |M rha|>f one of the richest capitalists in Kuropc." Just as M. de Rouen had tinishod this little biafiri. I phica! sketch, Tetfenborn came tn inform us ttiat hewn waiting supper. We accordingly followed lii:ii, and found all r>iir |>ar(y collected ut the supper tiiljle, anil each iiidividnal present could have related some eiiriiw anecdote to add tu tlie word 'opportunity' in the dirlion. ary of Fortune. During supiier, the Prince de KtuM approached us, and addressing himself to M. de Koucii, miide Home en(|uiries res|i«'e(ing M. de Talleyrand "His fulher, (he reigning Prince of Rcuss," obaerml Itoiieii, " during the time of the French Republic, eoin- ineiie(!(l an otticial diw|«tch with tlie words, 'The I'mtt of Keuss acknowledges the French Republic.' M. it T.^lliyrand, whos<' husinesii it was, as minister of forciini afl'airs, to reply to the iiott!, wrutn at the head ot' liu, ' The French Republic is happy tu inaku acipiaiiiltncc with tJie I'lince of Reus*.' " (he modern Alexander; — you, ininisler for foreign uf fairs,' enidinued I, addressing myself to M. de 'I'nlli^v rand, 'who know so well (he springs hy which empires are moved, and who can slir up war and make |ieaee a( will; — what I ask, geiillemen, would you have dime, (o got iKMsession of the saddle which was so perdnaelonsly refused I You laugh, geiillemeii, hu( (bat is no( an an swer. However, I can imticIvc (hat (hat lady,' eonttnued I, pointing lo .Madame Grand, ' has guessed the aecret; which is, (hat I made love lo the miller's wilb. The saddle and horse were then at my dis|KMul, and I really believe that if I had wished it, I I'night have hid the mill CHAPTER XXIII. 'I'li*>riitnil#vs 7*.'» wheiiie rcBniiMiif t,nnl B^l'rineo ile I>lfw'i ophiHiii ol' ilif .Arvliiliike (liailca's nillliniy lalMils- Soiiif k I'liiiii iif Mnluiiilwiii— (lil||iii el'ihii nnini! ijlvua in iliiii cliairiii If aiieed itrs and stories of time |tast are read anii lisleiied to widi in(eres(, il may easily Iki cnnceived lliit I I exp<-rienee no sligh( degree of plcaaiirc in discribln; fuels ooniireted with (he meinorablc evcnls of whirlil have hctn a widicas, as well as with (he diBfiiijruisW [H^rsoii* nidi whotn I was at one period of my lilVoni fooling of iidimacy. Though Uieii only (wenty yrarioi age, I could laugh at the niovenienta iil certain acton i> the drama, and^ Hide thin;' free and in. Frenchman, m lltan I and in al for, as a witty f hull who forsak even in bafl soci Prince t'ariat and wc Iwlh pro 1,11 impatience t and what i)art w As soon as hr of the saloons of' (lie sculptured in draperies from flowers of every rountcss desired addressed ns : " It is not lik wish 10 take a v great exteid, on whom she has and who has pro\ lity of four week (here were so (en(ion. Do not make you my ai merely a surprise as possible, in gm tills that I wish gaiety : — hut to o " During four i followed my foots cd with a lady wl him. On my par only to make my public life, and c curred during his believe thai the sa self at his expcnsi war, to the camp < watch upon him ii carelully availed different passai^es plied mc in the ( and in the course if it had come frcJ rio.ii(y to the liighi mance has arrived I have prepared th " It is not in ont longer one's own. reply (0 his lordshi): you to readily pera only for mere forr prove that wo res wished to cnnvinc render full justice sacrifice lo the cap affection which is wish that he shoiili I am desirous to i ractcr I know cnot his gallaiUry. " I( appears to 1 j every amusement a I have moreover o what of a ronianli he wished (o know on Thursday cvcni (he Prn(er ;' that i blindtiililed, and a ( vey liiin and his gi " You may eaail hp»ll,i(e to accept tremely prudent fr I (ha( o( S(. James's eonseqiiences of wh he ho|)es. 1 accordi 1 (ion, which, (hough I ilencc he re|)o8Cs i friends (o eoinc lici \ ti, and IsnlH>y and (end (he orrnngemc I liiro conflileiit thai have a concert In will perforin. Ma^ ' M, Moreaii li an ei tfMablNiror annisnl ili'nuiroriha llsihs AT TIIE CONGHESS OF VIENNA. ]m iciicf ill the cii. ory, my liearcn 111 to liiiiik iiiv liotic tulkin; li (uacious. Evcij lie Grand mufof ardent ndinint. iniise M. de T>l. re I'Usy to ailo|,; take tile trclilf le, M. de TalKy. r a considvralile ■11, wliincc I liaii curate. Ilr wji i Dt' the einijrraiiu upon liiiii oatlit sliiill (.xpict ym,' miijihtlesR, and | yoii will not I'jil iiU UH he uHirti] ly liond. Jladame lier invitations lo , my dear Acliill,. ie ; — hut on wim « depends I Nui loinlnieiit :— bul 1 that time siichsn itever might Ime red bi inj{ awak™. and iiie.x|>ericnt( il. Ilowiver, lilt u as M. de Tallcv. 1 to my ideas and ■cd me, as it wtre, I oo lute that luvuui a cliance laid oui fleeted to taken;. cd M. de Routn, with yours, alTorili god ot' oppurtunilv, ieaily deiioniinat(d celebrated banket nothing more lliu | s an aetive, Intilli. lUsiiiCBs in a iiniill he becninv a toil umstance brouiiU jrumoiiti. On llic held at Venice iW uiiti was unable Ui in advanced him i eordingly repaited I t. George, he hik VII. In gratitude nlilV, on his rcluia I le court, lie wii duke, and is nov !i Europe." tliii titllu bioftra. inn u» Uiut hi' »ii I illowed liiiii, tad supper tiiliU', and tiled some eiirliw ity' in the dlelluii' rrinee de Keuw ' tu M. de liout'ii, . de Talleyrand UeusH," obnerviil h Kepuhlie, euni- ords, ' The I'riim I {epuhlie.' M. dt iiinister ot'loreiirii the lieail ol' liu, | luku uc(|ualiitina -Prince ilo I.l|n»' ly uliiin- SiHiie K |\uii III thill iliBtriii ost lire ronil unJ IIhi conceived Ihil luce in discribinf Iventii of wliirlil |tlie dialin|.'uiiiM I of my lir« 0" ' ly twenty ycinol certain acton ii I dfjnia, and at the importance which waa attached to rttlc tliiiiL My character as a foreigner rendered iiie free and in- |"'ndent every where. In Russia I was a Frenchman, in Paris a I'ole, and in Vienna a cosino|)o- litan ; and in all places I frequented the best company; Ibr 1'' " «''"y f'-'"il*' writer lias juslly observed, wo to liiii'i «■•'" <<"■'«'''''' ''• ''" ''" " °"* °'" l''"*^'^ every wliere, even in bad society. Prince I'ariati was witli nie at the apiminted hour, and wo both proceeded tojfcther to the Countess Z — 'g, II iiiipatience to know what trick she proposed to play, iliid what |Mirt we were to take in it. As soon as breakfast was ended \vc adjourned to one of the saloons of the countess's elegant residence, where tlie sculptured marbles of Italy were overhung with rich draperies from France, and intermingled with the flowers of every climate. In this temple of Aspasia the coiiiilcss desired us to sit down beside her, and she thus addrcPstMl us : . , , , "It is not likely," said she, "that a woman would wish 10 take a very malicious revenge, or even to any jreat extent, on a brave and handsome young man liy whom she has been admired thoiigli under a mask; and who has proved the constancy of his taste by a fide lity of fouf weeks, during a succession of balls w'here there were so many objects calculated to divert his at- tention. Oo not therefore be astonished, gentlemen, if ( inike you my accomplices, not in a mystitication, but merely a surprise, which I wish should be as ingenious as possible, in good taste, and in the best ton. It is for this that I wish to call in the aid of your talent and „ji(,(y ; — but to come to the point. " During four successive ridottos Lord S. has closely followed my footsteps, in the hope of becoming acfiuaint- fd with a lady who took a little pleasure in tormenting him. On my part the task was not very dilKcuIt I had only to make myself familiar with some events of his public life, and certain circumstances which have oc- curred during his residence in Vienna, to induce him to believe that the same gipsy wlio was then amusing her- self at his expense, had followed him in the Peninsular war, to the camp of the allied sovereigns, and even kept watch upon him in his gallant adventures in England. I carefully availed myself of the information rcsiiecting diHercnt passages of his life, with which he himself sup- plied nic in the course of my conver8alioIl^. with him, and in the course of a week after I gave it him back as if it had come from myself. Thus I wound up his eu. riosity to the highest pitch : and now that my little ro- mance has arrived at its last chapter, you shall hear how I have prepared the dinontmtnt. " It is not in one's power to give a heart which is no longer one's own. This was always what I urged in reply to his lordship's ardent declnrations. Hut, gentlemen, you »o readily persuade yourselves that we women resist only for mere form's sake, that it is often necessary to prove that wo resist in good earnest. Of this fact I wished to convince his diplomatic lordship. While I render full justice to his powers of pleasing, I "annot lacrificc to the caprice of a moment, the happim ss t an affection which is inseparable from my existence. I wish that he should know me in iny own character, and lam desirous lo make a friend of one of whoso cha. racier I know enough to make me prefer his esteem lo his jallantry. "It appears to bo the fashion of the day to give to I every amusement an air of singularity and mystery; and I have moreover ob«erved, that his lordship has sonw- what of a romantic turn. I therefore pro|>osed, that if he wished to know me, he should repair at eight o'clock on Thursday evening, to the end of the grand alley ol 1 the Pinter ; that there he must snffer himself to he blindfoldetl, and a carriage would be in readiness to con- vey him and his guide to my alwdc. " You may easily imagine that his lordship did not heiit.ito tn accept the invitation ; though it is not rx- I treinely prudent for the ropresentativc of a court like I thai of Si. James's to risk an adventure of thiskiiid, the ponscqiienees of which might bo very Uiflcreiit from what he hn|H'«. 1 accordingly wish to give his lordship a rcccp. lion, which, though whimsical, may be worthy the eoiili- ilencc he rc|)oBOs in me. I have invited moet of my friends lo come here this evening ! wo shall all Iw mask- ed, and Isnliey and Moreau* have promised lo su|)rriii lend the nrrnngementu of this Venitian fete. I am there. I fore confldciit that it will produce some effect. I shall have a concert in which several celebrated professors will perform, Madomoiscllo l^nnbard *ill recite some • M. Miireaii li an rmlnrni srchltrel, lo whom lh« tUy of Vienna verses suited to the occasion, and the amusements will conclude willi a bnll and supinT : in short, 1 ex|Mct that the evening will make a lasting and pleasing impres- sion." — " Ueally, countess," observed Cariati, " I liar the remedy you propose will not effect his lordship's cure ; such sedatives are more likely to increase, than to allay the fever in his head or his heart !" The countess rung the bell. "Tell Madenioisellc Juliette I wish to s|ieak with her," snid she to the ser- vant. " . 'lis is a little accomplice whom I wish to in- troduce to you, gentlemen. She is my adopted daughter, and her talents will be of material assistance to us in this business." Juliette entered, and the countess expluiiied the task that was assigned to her. In the iiieanwiiile I will endeavour to describe her. Juliette, who was sixteen years of age, was a subject for the pencil of Raphael or Alliano; — the former might have portrayed her modesty, like a divine emanatimi, while the latter might have represented her grace, like that which he conferred on his celestial lHuro|M>, who has not |Mllation since it was the nsidenee of Car- dinal de Richelieu, the minister of I,onis XIII., who, be. iieath the cover of the throne, committed nets of the most sungninury despotism. I have heard," udiled the princ», " a traditionary anccilote relative to Malniaisnn, which might furnish materials for a modern nielo-drama." The company requested him to relate it, and he readily com- plied. Il was as follows : — In a gloomy day in the month of November, a tra- veller on horseback stopped at tl;c door of nn inn in the village of Riielle, which adjoins the park of Mahnaison. The ii'istcss went out to receive him, and having given his horse to the stable boy, he ordered dinner. He was shown into the iM-st room in the house, and the busy hostess set about preparing his repast. In a few minutes another traveller on horseback stopiK'd si the inn, and also ordered iliniier. ' I am very sorry that I cannot ac commodate you, sir,' said the hostess; ' but every tiling we have in the house has been liespoke by a gentleman who arrived a few miniites before yon.' — ' Go up stairs,' said the traveller, ' and tell your guest I shall lie obliged lo him if he will |>ermit me tn share his dinner, and I will defray my portion of the ex|iense.' The hostess de. livcred the message to the first traveller, who politely replied, ' Tell the gentleman I shall be glad of liis com- pany, hut that it is not my practice to accept payment from persons whom I invite to dine with me.' The se- cond traveller according!)* went up stairs, and havings expressed his acknowledgments for the kind reception he hud experienced, thry both sat down to table. " The dinner was as cheerful as could lie expected, considering the short acquaintance of the parties; but (luring the dessert, when some excellent wine was placed UTore them, the conversation lieeanie more unrestrained, and the second traveller ventured to ask his obliging .■Vmphytrion what had brought him to that part of the country, where he appeared to Im- a stranger. ' I have bi'cn ordered here,' he replied, ' by the cardinal.' — ' By the cardinal !' resumed his companion, in a tone of sur- prise, ' Pardon my curiosity, sir, if I enqnire whether you have reason to suppose you have given his eminence any offence ?' — ' Hy no means,' replied the first traveller; ' and it is to free myself from any such impntntion that I have come here. The fact is, there has been published at Roehelle, my native town, a virulent satire upon the pubUc conduct and personal character of the cardinul, several copies of which have lieen addressed lo the king; and though I never in my life wrote a single word that has appeared in print, I am unjustly accused of being the author of this pamphlet. Nothing obtains such ready be- lief as the whisperings of folly and ill nature; and I have therefore lost no time in obeying the summons of his einiiienee, in the hope of effeetnally refuting the absurd charge that has lieeu hronght against me,' — ' Sir,' tnid his companion, with an expression of marked anxiety, ' return thanks to Providence for the fortunate accident which has inlriHliiecd me to you to-day, I also have been summoned hither by the "cardinal, and for no other pur)iosi', I am eonvineed, than that of beheading you!' A thrill of horror passed through the frame of the person to whom these words were addressed, ' Vcs, sir,' re- sumed the spenk.T, ' I say again, my task would have been lo liehead you, I om the execiitioiirr of a neigh- liouring town; and whenever the eurdinul hus ony secret act of vengeance lo iierform, I receive orders to repair lo the castle. The particulars 1 have just heard you relatr, together with the hour of your appointment here, all con- vince ni«, lieyond a doubt, that yoti are marked out as a victim, — But fear nothing ; I will seeurc your esevpn '• 'f ••» '"■ ■ •■ ^* 'a^'sS.B.y.' ■'' :- j> 1^ .:*V ,' , (, ■jf -i ,"1 . if m t*ff'' I'i M 'id^fl ii*ll 1 ■ * ■ '^m !..M/m 200 JOrUN.VL OF A N<)HI.K:iIAN i' . M^l Ordir ymir linrnu iiistaiilly, mid m) willi nic. I will ac. '|ilil lUjM-li'of llii' (ii'lit <>t'{;r:ilitii(lo wliirli your ciiiirtcjy liiiH liii|ii>si'(l cr the death of the cardinal. " On returning to his native country, Iiis first business was to visit tho inn of Ruille, and to make enquiries re- KlX'Ctiiig his lionufaetor; who, however, Imd not been seen or heard of for several years, lie then related his adventure, whicli has since become a local tradition, and lias conferred eelehrity on the inn of liuelle, known by the sign of the Chcwl liliine, 'I'lie room in wliieli the l»'o travellers dined i» sliown tu this day, and is called la mile lie bun aecourt. " You see, gentlemen," added I'liuee lOiigene, "that there is souic iliti'erenec bitwern the iinpressiou whidi iMalmiiison prnducud on yon, and that wliieli was e\{K'- rieneeil whim the lour tin nnl.liillni was an object of ter- ror to the IK ighbouring country." The above story, wliieU was told in a very interesting manner by I'rince Kugtne, uitroduecd the narration nl other terrific adventuriF, and n< xt day all the ladies complained that they Irad lueii distmlHil by frightful dreams. Hut it is pleasing to have, the imagination ex cited even at tlio cxjhiisc of a broken niyhl's rest. niAPTKR XXIV. Arroiint nt' ilie ceti liiaitrit (mirtmiiii iitifivi-ii at Vienna tlnriiiK rnii. t^irs!,— I.iiil> LnnUi iriigli wrariiiu ilie iiidi^Miia iil'ilie oriliTut'Llii' (iiirh r as a iliatli-iii. (Jood taste is not I think so superficial a quality as it Is genrrally considered. The eoneiirnneo of many re- qiiisites is necessary to loriii it; diliciiiy of iiiiiid and iintiinent, aequaintanee with the maiiiiers of |inlite so- c iity, am! a errtuin tuet spontaneously legiilating the whole. Illigaiiee in the iiahils of lili; i.. iiquisite to lorni gooil taste ; and linally, llie I'teling should be superior to the eoiidilion of its possessor; liir no one leels at case, even ill prosperity, unless he has u mind which raises him iH'yond its inllueiiee. This definition of u valuablo quilily, which imparts liMi great a elinrin to actions iiisignilieaiit in themsrlves, ina'y with equal justice be applied to whatever relates to fetes, parties anil entertainments of every kind. It may Iheret'oro pro|H'rly precede the description of a s|M'etaele, unique ill its kind, and the spbniloiir of which was greatly inhaneed by a judicious display of taste; as a brilliant viirnisli increases the transparency of a painting. The engagemnit I had formed with thu rrinee de l.igiie for the evening iMcnpied my thoughts the whole day long, so anxious was I to lie priBent at ii fete, where the evhibition of ancient feiits ol eliivalry would revive tho reeollectiniis of the liiiiu when valour obrved love, and beauty erowncd llieiii liotli. Many weeks had Im-cu spent in preparations lor this carousal : so that no doubt was iiiterliiined that the court would display, on the oc- casion, till' utmost splendour anil iiiagnilii "iiee. At seven o'clock 1 was with the prince, and in ii few monieiits aller we were scalci] in n carriage on our way to the eoiirl. " Do not imiigine," said lliu prince' to me, as wignc, " I,ady CiisUereagli near the seat allotted to the sovereigns. She wears in her liair hy way of a diadem, his lordship's order of the garter set with diai'iniiils; a coqiicltisli conceit, of which Kilward 111. could scarcely have dreamed in 1314, when he picked up the garter of the heaiitifiil Countess of Salisbury." — " I'crhaps," replied the Count de IMontgclas, " her lady- ship wishes at the present momi'iit to convey an allusion to the wish of the I'oundcr of the ordir of tho garter to revive the institution of the knights of the round table With this view he invited nil the Kiiglish and liireign knights to dilliri'iit tttes given at Windsor; iiud but ibr the jealousy of I'liilip do Valois, tlicy would doubtless have been no less brilliant than this." ( >n the two rows of scats behind the ladies princes and nobleiucii of every country presentcfl a complete line of gold and diamonds ; Ibr their court ilrcsscs and unilorms were studded with orders and embroidery, while tlie tur- ban of the I'lieha of Widdin.tlie calVan of the Maiirujeing, and the calpack of I'rince .Mauny-lleg Mirza, gave pic- turisqiie variety to the rniijt iL'iril. I was continually eiiipiiring of the I'lliice de Ligne the names of the inili- t iiluals wlioiii 1 did not know ; and on his niilshing the long nonieiiclatnre, 1 could not help rxclaiming, "Truly, prince, tlie whole world is lieru !" — " Not so," he replied; " there is still an iiii|K)rtaiit guest absent." — " And wlio is that >." 1 enquired, presuming that ho meant Napoleon. "The nieclianist Degen, whom you remember to have seen here willi me, in 1H(I8, extending his wings nnd hovering over our heads. I should like to see him here now, holding in his hand the crown wliidi will presently Ihi decreed to the victor in the simrts, and descending I'roin tho roof to have il placed on his.liciid. Degen is in Vienna, and I am indeed astonished that he has not been thought of." At eight o'clock precisely -. flnurisli of truiui'ctii from the heralds nt arms aimniinccd tho entry of the ladies, who were ciniluetcd by their champions to their Bents. < )n heholding thrill one might have imagined that nil the wealth of the Austrian nioiiarehy had been put in re- ipiisition to contribute to tin ir adornmcnl. Tlicir velvet rols's were trimmeil with rich lace, and madu after the liisbioii of lioiiis XIV.'s time, but iiKHlilied by the taste ofj the wearcis, and enriclit'ii in every way that luxury could sniigest: they were literally covered with jHarls and i,„., cioua stones, and their dnsses v\i re studded willi ,||j. nioiiils. The dresses of I'rinccsses I'aul Fsterhazy, y' .Maria de .Mettcrnicli, of the Countesses de Periironi Uezewoiiski, de Maiassy, Sophia Ziq^y, &,c. were valuij at more than twenty millions. The whole scene was i revival of the old French court with new graces. 'W ladies were separated into four parties, and dtetinguislmj by diil'crent coloured dresses, viz. black, crimson, scarln and blue. The cloak and scarf of each knight coin, sponiled with the col mr chosen by his mistress. The knights were dressed in the Spanish costume, ami tlii'ir dresses wire richly embroidered with gold aiiii fji" ver ; and their hats, suriiiouiitcd with waving pluniw were oriiaiiiinled with loops of pilaris or diamonds. As soon as the ladies of the tournament liud tik™ their place, — forming an assemblage of beauty siicliaj| thought could only be seen in the native land of KanlmJ or depii'ti d by hi:, pencil, a second flourish of triuiiiat. aminimced the arrival of tlic sovereigns. The two r the purpose of maintuiiiini; li«' [ hatred of the (ierni.in knights towards their daring anil implaealde enemies the Turks. | These and other teals were executed with sinjiiilai I address. .Scuiic of the knights carried otV rings on iIk I IKiiiit of the lance, or pierced small objects siis|Hiiili'il il I a few feet from the grotiiid. Others were armed with short javelins, which lluyi hurled with great dexterity at the image of a Saraoii,! which served as a target, and then with another jav.lin,! having a hiHik at the |ioiiif, they picked up from likl gj-oiind, while passing at full gallop, tho dart tlicy lud | just thrown. Another jiarty armed with sabres cut in two nil ap|>lt| 8iis|HUidcd by a thread, and atlirwards cut it ncrMl again. This last teut required infinite dexterity, aiiiilbtl knight who most excelled in it was thu sou of l'riiitt| Traiitmansdorlf. All tlicsi feats wcro iK'rfornied ullernately by the ili' tl'riiit knights, to the aceompaniment of licautiful mill. I tnrysyiiiplionies, while thu smiles of the ladies lewarddl their address and dexterity. I'lilike the fair dailies nln| ill the tilts and tournaments of the olden tiiiic, ullirid loud cries and shrieks, to e.xciln their champions tu ili I fend their f'oine, tiiu liidies on this m^coNion seenicil U\ tlii'ir smiles In say to the knights, " ruinoinbur that ynl are jousting for two bright eycB." Ill 11 few minutes the wliolu cavalcade of knights on^l squires reapiicareil nnd executed various elcgnni ii*[ no'uvres, Icrmiiiating with n sort of dance, which wTvtdl tu display to advantage the intelligencu and Is'aiilvdl their horses. The prizes awarded to tliocoiiqucror»»"«|'.. wuvinjf pluiiiiv, r ilinnioixls. iinicnt imil tikm : beauty such as I eland of Ua|iliul, | Lirisli of truiiiilcon, would liavc iria Louisa felt tl« | deemed, tliat tht misfortune was to lcl\ tlic (Kilacc 01 I , liowcvcr, told m I ic rclicanialH of Uk icr and her youn; lie rest of tlio S|i«. il nuisic rcsnuiidril l(ni);liUi made tliiir : Austrian nnhiliiy. ligns gallantly won II 8U|K-rl) liormt.so • could not bo & :('dcd them dis|>lay llowed by tliirty-tii e csquiri'H were aUi )liiinly dressed than no bliick liorseii. I'ards the sovereigns, I; then returninjil |nic mark of ros|«-fl ned the Bahitullon. :iri;us, tlicy all willi- re-entered to emii. I ning. Turks' ami vatcd stake:', anil I carry one of tluin I IS a relic of an old I uiaintuiuiui! IIk their daring ani eU of utod with sinpibl citt" riu(;s on lie I ibjects 8Us|Kiid«l it I relins, which llio; I iiajjc of a Surann, | itii another javilin,! licked up from Itio I the dart tlicy liaii I |Cut in two annpiJil Mirds cut it Qcrosl ' dexterity, and Ik I the son of I'rinctl niately by llieili'l t of iK'aulil'ul null- 1 the ladii'B lewarWl lie fair ilaiiieN wIkvI olden time, ullitiJ I ehampious lo JiT coHion Bceiiifd I'l I emomhiT tliat vmI ade of knijfliln tnJl iirioUH eleRaiil m\ lance, which wrviJI jnco and lH«iily"i| [lioconquerorHwrnl leh enhaneed 'l""! Ire wdiited llieM"T circle liir the li»| , line, mid witlidrow in tho saiiio order in which they had '"Tsl'inrt time idnpscd In-fore they returned to lead oul 1' lidio-i I liad been sUndiuj llie, whole time of llie l,'!iiniaHieiit; but llie admiration which tlie gramleiir of |i„. s.K-et:icle. excited banished t;very suiisation of fati^rue, \l'leii"th the kninlits reapiieared in tlio gjllery, and comliieleii their ladiis to the xraiul suite of rooms, which tt-ere liiiii" with lljwers and tastefully decorated for tin' IpII a splendid blaze of li^'lil displuycil the beauty of ,1,,. liilies to the hii;hcst lulvaiilase ; and the wlnde pre. s, iilid the most madiiifieiNit speetaelu imafriualile. The kui^'lil^' and their fair partners now beeaini; the ,.i|iel"id.j«'e'i's of alteiitioii, for llio sover(;i;{lis np|«'ared in- ..iniit'i, and disiruised in their dominos, mingled freely with the crowd. , ■ ,• The supper was of tho most sumptuous description. AiMiiMT Hie tables was one laid out with forly-ei;rlit eiiv.rsri'or the pi'rlormcrs in the lournanicut. 'I'lie |ier. liiiiic id'tlie tlowers, the majxuirtceuee of the driwses and jewels and the blaze of wax' lights, sparkling in Imii- .Ireiis of 1 rvst:il chandeliers, presented altogether a pic- liire reaomrding those descriptions of enchanted ptilaees , re nliil bv the imagination of pneLs and romance writers, lluriii;' sup|M;r minstrels, aecompaiiyiug themselves on the harp, sang lays and ginniiles in praise of beauty and laloiir. . . .1 1 n Alhr sup|>er the company again repaired to Ine ball rooms where in a short time tlicre were assembled up- ward:) 'of three thousand persons. The quadrilles boasteil III! tli:it was illustrious in rank and birth, and dancing ivas kept up until daylight. 'I'lie company separated, a|ipareiil!y astonished at the unminglcd pleasure they had enjoyed at one of those splendid Ictes, where cnnwt, iiiTiiinpaiiied by constraint and vanity, so freiiucntly in- (riide.s In thorl, the scene will, I am certain, iiever Im; i;ii.'ntlen by any one who liad the happiness to witness it. A'ler snpiier I again joined the Prince do Ligne, whom J met ill one of the ball rooms, admiring the dancing of fone of the ladies of the tournament. " Observe," said I In liiiii, " how beautiful the Ooimtcsa Hezewouski looks this evening : the elegance of her dress is rivalled only liy the charms and graces of her |K'rson." — " To see her .■iiirioiiiided by all this splendour and happiness," said llie prince, "you would not suppose her lo be the heroine ofmie ot the most extraordinary adventures of this extrii- <.rdhiary age ; but I can assure you that a prison was her eraille, and n ixjor laundress's garret her first school." As I expressed some surprise on hcmring this, he added, druwhig me aside, " Come this way, and I will ri'late to yciii an episode of her life, which I have heard twenty ihiic s from her own lips." " At that iierimi of the reign of terror, when Frnnce was covered with .scatUdds, I'rinccss Fanny LuliomirHkn, who was as cclidiralcd lor iM'auty as she was illustrious by hirlli, resided in I'aris. She had with her her only iliiitjhler Uosalie, who was then five year* of age ; mid for lier safely she confidently relied on the sacred law ol iiiiliiins. She was however denounced to the revolu- tionary eomniiltec, on tho charge of conspiring against rlio rejiiiblic, and arrnigned kliire that sanguinary trihu ii:d :— to he siis|iected, accused, and condemned to duath, wMs in a fi'W days the fate of the unfortunate victim, "During her imprisonment in the Coneiergerio she was separnteil from all her servants; hut she was allowed lo have her daughter with her; and the day on which she was carrieil to the scatl'old she recoininendcd Hosniie lo the care of some of her Icllow prisoners. Ihit the latter, III their turns, s|HM!dily cx|H'rienced the same fate as the jirinceHs, and icll Itosalie as a dying iKipicst to tlieir e' npiinions in mist'ortime. The |)oor child was at length i'nii8ii;iied to Ibu ehnrilahle care of thi! laundress of the |>risiin, whose name was Itertot. This |ioQr woman, tlioii<;li she had five children of her own to maintain, ifrneriiMsly tiHik charge of the |ioor orphan, and removeil lur I'riMii the prison to her own obscure lodging. " l!ns;ilie, who was now consigned to a sphere of life ery dilVeri nt from that wliiidi fate had marked out for I her, was alike rcmarkahie for her heauty and amiable I ili<|iosilioii. Sill! diligently assisted her iK'neliictresii in I lur doniestie nceiipalioiis, anil her adopted mother e.he- I risked the wiiiie alfeelion fiir her as for her own children. The reigii of IiIoihI had eensed, and tlio list of llie I virliins, which was nt that period piihlislieil throughout Kiiropc, informed the friends of' the countess, that in a I roimlry which was called free nn illustrious I'olish lady liiiil |nid the I'orfi it of her head for her imprudent coiili- dinre in a iiilsgiiided |icoplc. "IhilH'ing made neipiainleil with tlin horrible inlelli- I p.'iiire.Coinil Kczcwouski.tlie princess's brother, liaslened lo I'liris where, with the iissislaiiee of the iiiagistcriiil luthorities, he actively endeavoured to discover tlie ilaugli- ter of his milortuutite sister. For several weeks, howiver, his clforts were unavailing : a(lv<'rliseineults promises ol reward, holliing iiiul been neglecleil. Iiul the adierli.sc. incuts nevir reached llie eye of the |M)or laundress, and the jailer of the Coneiergcrie, the only person who could give him any account of the orphan, was dead, and had had two successors. 'J'he count almost relimiuished every hope of allainiiig his objecl, and began to fear that miserv had hastened the death of his ineee. However, Kosalie's trials were ilrawing to a close: — it happened that the laimdiess of tin: t'niiciergerie akso v.'aslted liir the hotel (Iritii'^i: lliiliiliiiT, where the count had put up on his arrival in I'aris. "One nmrning when Uosalie, aeeonipaliicd by her adopted molher, brought liome soiuit linen to the hotel, the count saw her as she crossed the eourt-yari allerwards having ciilered the Po- lish army, they became the aides-de-camp of Prince Po- nialowski ; and the girls, to whom handsome |>ortioiis were given, married I'idisli gentlemen. " The beaiilifuU'omitess Uosalie, who is very naliirally the object of your admiration, married her cousin ('omit Uezcwouski. Since, happiness has spread its golden veil over her destiny: her benefactress, tho estiniable llcrtid, cnntiuucs to reside with her ; and the eoimtcss, who loves her as a mother, calls her her I'rovideiiee. " 'J'his," added the prince, "is an anecdote which de- serves lo 1)0 engraven ill the lie:irls of all women." — " Yes," oliscrved I, " it ought to be made known, so that public esteem may reward actions which unfortunately are but too rare." CIIAP'l'KR XXV. \'i»it to the pnrrejnin niiiiiiiriietory, and in tlie lin|ierhil Irensiiry— AerniMii 111' a tuaiiiaiiieiit In bwedin — AneeitnieH ot' Fiehvli Ii-aclitrH. How many jicople there are in the world who love to compare rather than lo applaud; — who examine u Uiok with prejuiliee, lest it should allord them too much pleasuri; ! Tliesi: persons imagine they display talent 111 proportion as they alfect to he fastidious ; — they juilgi' before they read, and eritieise rather than allow their feelings lo bi! moved. Yet a few short lines imbued with scnllmcnt and imagination are preferable to a whole eneyclopeilia of words, and a few hours' pleasant reading arc soiiietimcH worth twenty learned dis.scrta- lions. ('ohiiiel llrosiu and tho Chevalier Danilewski gave mo nn early call, and rcipicsted ir.e to nccompany them on a visit lo the c( lebrated iHircclain manufactory situated in the suburb of Kosscaii. The KmiHTor Alexander had bespoke several articles at the mamifuclory, and had directed his aiih.ile.cnmp llrnsin to hasten llieir com- jiletion. On our arrival we met the Dutchess of Olden. iHirg, nceompanied by her cinirniing sislir thelicredilary princess of Sive Weimar, :iiiil the prince royal of Wir- teniburg. The ilhiatrious parly had ordered diiiiur services, which were nearly ri'ady, and were certainly the most tasteful produclions of the inanulactory. 'I'he designs were exeeiitid by \'ieiina artists. On one of the ser\ iees VMtre represented the costumes of the lllly-two Russian governments, cojiied from the designs in Count C'harlus Rechberg's work on Russia; and on another were retraced the games and costumes of the .Sclavoninns, alter the sketches of tiie painter Orlowski. The vases ordered by the emperor were ornamented with fanciful ihsigns, similar to those which the maiml'aetory cxiiorts to 'I'lirkey and Cliiiia. Nearly six hunilred individiiiils are tanployed in this porcelain manufaclory, and ol'lhese one hmidred are artists. Two vases of great beauty, ornamented svilli open work, cut almost as tine as lace, were pri seiiteil lo Ihe prince royal. " Ah !" observed be, " 1 am afraid to lake ebaige of things which require so miieli care." 'I'lien, turning lo tlie princesses, he idded, — " I.adu s, allow me to trans- ler these elegant fnigililh's to you — they will he more sale in your keeping lliaii In mine." On having Uio I slablisbmenl, which is far inferior to those of Sevrce, Saxony, and lierlin, we accompanied the prince and princesses to the imperial treasury, which contained a lew objects of anliqiiily, and a rich eolleclion of modern curiosities. Among other things were several specimens of clock work, and the first watches made in Nuremberg, wlihdi being eonlaincd in oval cases of carved ivory, have received the name of eggs. We were also shown some splcnilid vaBcs of crystal, and others cut from blocks of jas|K'r and agate, cups and lamps tiirmcd of lapis-lnzuli, and a vase t'' ' ■'.'": -V't :; ■'■■ '-^i^ fe'tr'f.v-.'i^rl fVtt (, : ,; .'|."'1> I' ■ A • t* • t: m m ':^'i^i ■,i,f^ '^. , >^ ■'•5 .. bA'.' *'3J 202 JOIIRNAI. OF A NOnriKM \!» l^lfS- ^F^V \:.^'|.i i by the haiuU of tlu^ (HK'cii. Ho accordingly kus|h-iuIciI nt tlic b.irrirr of tl]<> ciiriip liis Hliiclil, wliicti was oriiu- niunk'd with stars on nn azure •rrouiid, with the device fra lanii una. His gunntlet was taken up by yoiiii^ Count Oxensficrn. A cirennisluiice uliieh added to llie wliinisicality of the combat was, that the knijjht choice as his wca|>on the battle-uxc, the use of which haon their persons, that it might always servo as a sign of recognition among themselves in any part of the world where their misfor- tunes might happen to lead them. Notwithstanding his promise to keep the matU.'r secrel, the servant, as may be easily imagined, hastened to inform every one of his fellow domestics with his luck in having to attend on a person of royal blood. This soon came to the ears of the whole family, and from that moment he vyas treated by all with an obsequiousness and respect which almost placed the whole establishment at his command. Ill luck would have it, however, that one day a French emigrant holding a distinguished rank in the Russian service, being on his way to Cuzun, stop|)oU nt Kaginnw to »|)cnd n day with C^nnt de W . The latter hastened to inform his visiler of the illustrious jiernon. age who resided in his house. " But," said the traveller, " are you quite sure it is so ?" — " Nothing more certain," replied the count. " I liave seen it, I have touched it, and BO has almost every liody in the bouse." " Hut what have you seen ? Is it documents, parchments, or ccr. tifieates 7" — " Not nt all," said the count, " it is some tiling infinitely surer than all that — nothing less than the mark of the fleur-de-lis printed on his shoulder !" Tlie a.Uonishment of the traveller may lie easily gnoaicd on learning this evidence of the tutor's protensiona to royalty ; but when it was explained to the count that it was the brand of a criminal, his indignation knew no hounds. 'I'lii^ royal preceptor did not long remain under the count's roof aller the discovery of his impudent im- posture. I'hc' relation of this occuricncc recalls to my memory another, which, though of a less important character, is rather more amusing. A maid servant from I'rpvence hail, somehow or other, foimd her way to Moscow, where she gave herself out as a lady of education who wanted a situation as governess. She contrived, in fact, to im- |K)se on the credulity of n lady of respectability, who ngaged her chiefly for the purpose of teaching Italian to her duughle.'. Thc! governess knew not a word of ibis language ; but as her own native tongue, the Pro- vencal, bears some resemblance to Italian in regard to pronunciation, she taught that language to her pupil, who, in fact, uller three yenr.s' study, iK'cnme as com- plole a mistress of it as (he ca])aeily of her governess was able to make licr. The im|K)sture, however, could not always remain concealed; but it was n long time helbre the young lady could be persuaded that slie had been losing her time in learning a useless /;ofoi». CHAPTER XXVI. 'iMi.eof Prilli'f A\i l.i;iTie":* iii.-i\miis— rriiicp Cz — . — t'lahlis pre- fi-rr.'d 1 1 the cMti;:ri's» — Cdfiuus ft'lu given lo Lord S— —His InriUliip ^ splt'iiilKl ili[Oier in return — Uiscu&'siun (in Liiiiiloii and I*iiris — i-nril 8 — "s fiiMid iittmnns. To describe accurately the manners, laws, and nn- tional character of any country, it is necessary not only to have lived long in it, but also to have l)cen acquainted with a vast nunil)er of individuals of diflerent classes and opinions, otherwise we should be unavoidably led into error, according to thc various situations, prejudices, or passions, which may give a colouring to the information we collect, liut to know the spirit, tlie habits and cus- toms of the brilliant society of a capital, the intrigues, the talents, and the adventures of the distinguished |)er- sonages it contains, it is sufticient to have lived as I did at Vienna, on a footing of intimacy with an impartial and intellig(mt observer like the Prince de Ligne, and to have noted down every shrewd remark that escaped him. " Is it true," said I, one morning when I called on the prince, " that you arc the author of a song on the sub. jectof thc congress, the chorus of which is reiwated even in the saloons of the empresses ?" — " I am aware," re- plied he, " that it is attributed to nie; but even if I could tbrget the way in which the Countess de Boufllers re- warded thc vanity of Count de Tressan,'* yet as I have only lines of words to op|K>sc to thc lines of bayonets which thc occupants of thrones have at their dis|)osal, 1 should not think thc conflict equal. However, like other |)eople, I have heard the song sung, and I have sung it myself. I have even copied it out, and if you wish to have it, here it is written with my own hand," " It would appear," observed I, after I had perused the manuscript, " that the poet is u scholar, if I may judge from the motto he has chosen for his stanzas. Yet I doubt, prince, whether Rudolph of Hapshurg, the founder of your monarchy, would take a gold chain from his neck, and present it to theauthor of these lines, as thc old chronicles say he did to reward a minstrel of his own time." " Af. ter all," resumed the Prince de Ligne, " thc song you so nmch admire is but un inconsequential jeu d'espril. When good intentions prompt n man to write what may entail dangerous results upon himself, it is not so much an crt'ort of talent, as on instance of laudable zenl lor the public cause or justice in generol." "True, prince, and we do not often find men possessed of that sort of courage," " More often, perhaps, than you imagine. As long as there arc obuses there will be people to complain of them ; and if kings will not hear the ploin truth, it must be conveyed to them through the medium of sotire or ridicule. Hut ns to you, you iiove fortunately not reached the age when people love to complain. Enjoy your youth while it lasts, and adopt as a maxim, carelessness till twenty-five, goiety till forty, and philosophy to thc end of lifo." " The maxim is short," observed 1, " and easily put into practice." " Vcs, easy like every thinv that is easily analysed. Life may he divided into thrre parts : the post is history, thc present poetry, and the iulnre romonce. Moy tJie first, which is truth, ferveln enliven you by its recollections, if they be agreeable, or to correct and instruct you ! Moy a somewhat ardent inaginntion diffuse charm over tne second partofyout life I and may all that is brilliant and happy cheer your latter days !" We were interrupted in Uiis conveni- tion, to nie so interesting, by the entrance of Princt Cz . His highness immediately introduced pnliiicj^ and though I must confess he possessed tlie secret of imparting to thc driest subjects tlint captivating eloquence which seems to be a natural gift among his eountrymrn, yet I was heartily tired of |iolitical discussions, and coulil not endure to hear them mniittoined by men who on anr other subject would have been equally profound and iii. strnetive,and moreenlertaining. Theconversotion turned on the demands made u|)on the congress, and truly llifv would have formed altogether on amusing calalogiii riiitonnc. Rogusa, Genoa, Venice, and the other re. publics claimed their independence ; tlie Grond duke of Baden n portion of territory; Saxony her poescssiow which hod been given to Prussia ; Sicily the throne of Naples ; the Hans Towns the restoration of tlieir privi. leges ; thc town of Wctzlor its i-hamhre ardevte and (^r. manic tribunal; thc queen of Etruria Tuscany; the pope his legation of Fcrrara : Spain the dutchy of Parinj ; and in short there was not a descendant of the family of the Uuon^ ComjMi^ni who did not claim the Isle of Elbj, and wos angry at seeing it unlawfully bestowed upon No|)oleon. I perceived that the discussion was likely to be pro. tractod to a considerable length, and as the surprise in- tended by the Countess Z for Lord S was fiied lor that evening, I took leave of the Prince do Ligne, and proceeded to the Jogor-Zeil. There I found the countess and some of her friends, among whom ntrt Isubey and Moreou, engaged in preparing for the fete. The invitation cards requested the company to assem- ble at eight o'clock precisely, and all were punctual. I'ho company were in fancy dresses, and those wom by the ladies were exceedingly rich and elegant. At half past seven M. Moreou, wrapped in a latgi domino, stepped into the countess's carriage, and drove 10 the Plater, near the Lust-haus, where Lord 8 — was to wait fur his conductor. Curiosity, vanity, ot some other powerful motive induced his lordship lo be punctual, and according to his promise he came alone. Lord S permitted a bandage to be lied over lili eyes, and accompanied by M. Moreau, who obsurieil prolbuiid silence, ho stepped into thc carriage. At hiif pusl eight o'clock it entered the court-yard of the liolel M. Moreau removed the handkerchief from the oyesot' Lord S , and then commenced a aeries of surprim which I am sure must have left in his lordship's mini | an impression of gratitude and admiraiion. The reii. denco of the Countess Z presented an cxquiiite | combination of splendour and taste. The costly funr turo, a great portion of which consisted of porph;t; I atid lapis.lazuli, the pictures, &.c. gave to the whole the I eft'cct of an enchanted palace ; and to the charina of I art were on this occasion added the beauties of nature, f Thc staircases and drawing-rooms were adorned wilk fragrant shrubs and flowers. A grove of orange treei and vines, thickly hung with fruit, extended from Ihi I entrance hall to the drawing-room. The Countess Z — [ received Lord S in the same gypiicy'a costume ial which he had repeatedly met her at the ridotto,ondih| introduced him to the assembled company. By a nf^f | ment of courtesy, the orchestra performed an Engliik I air on his entrance. When he had taken his scat, Jg- 1 liotto, the countess's interesting adopted daughter, ud | Mademoiselle Lombard, the actresi whom I have mU'l tioiicd in a preceding chapter, recited some lineeiil French and English, highly complimentary to Lord I S , I'heso recitations wore succeeded by the notiooii | * A snnn vvat made uimn the Marccliale de Liixrmhiiurg, when Couniera dc lliiiilHurs, wliich ciiiiinienccd with tlui rullowliiii lints ;— ■■ Uunnd Bniifflers ptinit it Is cour. Oil criil voir In mere d'Anmtir, '*" Chiieiin H'eni|)n-8sn d(> liii pliitre, Gl Chilean ravult il win lour." Sii»p<'cllni roiinlde Treswin lobe Hie siilliiir of ihesonir, iha lald lo him one day—" fount, have yiiu ncim this IIUIk production I II in Ki \ ery clever thai If I knew the Bullmr I would nnl only pnrdnn him but iiiilirnce hini." The count, cauilit In the inure, sslil ;— " I sm the author, niadnni ;"— upon whlcn Ihi lady hoxed hli ears. dances of the countries through wliich his lordship bii I travelled ; and one amusement succeeded another until Bupfier was announced. It had been determined tbil I the incognito should be kept up during supper; but it I his lordship's earnest entreaties, the countess waa ^\ vailed on to give the signal for the company to unii)iik.| [^rd S— - now found that most of the iiidividiilil present were his intimate acquaintance, and he nl diinbt congratulated himself on this last agreeable wl prise. The aupjior was magnificent, and partook ^t the gaiety which had enlivened the previous parlnfllil evening. On taking leave of the counteaa, Lord S— I invited the whole of the company collectively to tlinl party of the p Princes Kaziinic jryle, Lord Call oihers. The di I ho liesl tasle. (lisliiigui.shed by wlidle lielrayed etitcrlaininent o innss. During I but when the se being somewhat free course, and that suproinacy OS others love to most tiiirosorvcd routilry. He sal and as the quiel anyatlempt lo re Frtince would iloiil lie throw down I ttikon up; for sinci coinnion civility I f;uests, it would ,illow such a WE Isabey, who, in a ventured to roturn up the defence of "It is oureusloi orgutnents by faci than mere assertio t;eiiiu3, nor dintril J It) convince us thai I ainno possesses tli I I'ashion. I though siiiio opinion, that I to bo disputed ; hut I iiiacy, nut only to J industry. Of this I be adduced. For t I equalling our Gob I spile of all your e I cqii.illod onr Sovree J crystal rival our roi I ever attained the pe I of mezzotinto, sty I tirtisi/ hove oppcale I Do your Inoking.gl; jouri:' Doyourcloi Jguelf In short, a tl llo prove — " — "To |S , "except ind lltorscs, carriages, ni litiorals, wo are your ■of your fine arts 0011 Iduicing and cookin ■centuries has sufficic linto details, is Pat is j«ould not pi 0811 tne ; TJIejun, " to which ol jiue. However, if I lliouldsay I hat if L( fcf objecis worthy of icknowledgod that I'I'rfi, and of pluaaii T|' Kn)iland, to adni Poino. the majesty of tiir cdihces, the attir |lM,«iid (he nninmtii kraoc In nvery thing, plily of that happ ►novtn in dull dreams y>n the conlrasia wli 1 foreigner at the fi •'I'y of those parts of rde, clean, and unifo »^"" places ; the inert J°i" who hurry throi ■ravity expressed in puminolions nt VbuxI T"!"! ill Iho gardens, AT THE CONCJKKSS OF VIENNA. 203 ; every thin;; cd into lhrr« dry, bikI the rutii, Fervc to Bfrreeable, or eivhet nrdtnt d part of yout py cheer your this converM- lec of Prince duccd pnlilict, Uic necrel of ting cloquTOM is countrymen, ions, and could en wlio on any ofound and iu. crsation turned and truly tky ising caliittgtt I tlio other te- Grand duke of her possessions ly the throne of 1 of their privi. irdenit and (rtr- iscany ! the pope chy of Pariiia; of the family of the Isle of Ella, bestowed upoo likely to be pro. I iho surprise in- S was fised ^rince do Ligne, icre 1 found the (long whom vtn ring for the fete. mpany to assem' 1 were punctuiL , and those won id elegant, appod in a laigi irriage, and drove here Lord S — fiosily, vanity, ot lis lordship to be je he came alone. be lied over bii lu, who observed ciirriage. At halt yard of the hotel from the oycsoi' jeries of surprisei 8 lordship's mind ■aiioii. The reii. itod an exquiiiU The costly funii- istod of porphyry B to the whole the to the charm* of eautics of nature. rere adorned «ilk e of orange treei xtended from the le Countess Z — - piioy's costume ii le ridotlo, and the i«ny. By « ref-^e- jrined an Engluk akon his scat. Ja- iled daughter, at rhom I h«'e ■"•• ted Bomo linei ii inenUry to UoH ded bv the natioul R) his" lordship bii ided another until determined tW ig auppcr; btitH (countess wai p» linpany to unini* )f the iudividuit itancci and he • Uat agroeabls » t, and partook * )r«vious part if" anleis. Lord 8— EoUeotively to i»' vith I'll" "" t''" li>"owing day, which those who li.iil Iiot liiriiicd previous cngagoiiicnis promised to do. 'f ,.'criniimtcd this delightful evcniiifT, which passed -Ij .,;. nil .i unnoticed amidst the hrilliniil lestiviticH ot jl,j''conj-rc8si but wliieli wns novorthelrss one of the most pleasing fetes of which any individual then in Vienna could boast of being the object. Tho dinner given by Tiord S next d.-iy was cer- lainlva f^iir jtpeciinen of British magiilHccnccnnd viini- tv- Bonides tho individuals who had atlendeil llie l-arty of ''"' I'fccpding evening, there wore present rniices Uazumowski and Koslowski, the Duke of Ar- fvle. Lord Calhcart, tho Oukc d'Arenibiirg, and some others. The dinner was served with profusion, but in (he liesl taste. Tho places iillolled for tho ladies were distinguished by bouquets of choice flowers; and the wiiiilo betrayed' a desiie to present in detail what the entertainment of tho preceding had presented in a nisss. During tho first course all went oft' admirably ; but when the second course was served, tho appetite being somewhat satisfied, the conversation took a more iVec course, and our noblo host, anxious to maintain that snpreiimcy which sometimes the Knglish as well as others love to arrogate to themselves, spoke in the most unreserved terms of the pre-eminence of his own couiilrv. Ho satirised the Gornmns without mercy : and as the quiet politeness of the Vioniioso checked any attempt to refute his arguments, ho concluded that France would doubtless be more vulnerable. Accordingly he threw ilowii tho gauiillel, which was inimedialcly taken up; for since his lordship transgressed the laws of common civility by o[)cnly attacking tho country of his irucsts, it would certainly have been a weakness to allow such a want of urbanity to pass unnoticed Isabey, who, in an arbitrary court, had already often ventured to return sinnrt replies to unjust attacks, took up the defence of Franco in the following way : — " It is our custom, my lord," said ho, " to support our argmnents by facts, which are always tnorc convincing than mere assertions. Wo do not mistake emphasis I'ur genius, nor diatribes for reasoning. You would wish to convince us that the most serious nation in tho world alone possesses the merit of inventing every elegant I'ashion. I thought, and I believe all Europe is of the same opinion, that our supremacy in this respect is not to bo disputed ; but I aui inclined to extend that supro- inacy, nut only to the fine arts, but to all the arts of industry. Of this |>ositivo and indisputable proofs may be adduced. For example, have you ever succeeded in equalling our Gobelins tapestry, or French lace I hi spite of all yonr efforts, has your Wedgowood's ware equ.illod onr Sevres' porcelain 7 Can your coni^itlon crystal rival our rock crystal? Have your cngnivings ever attained the porlbclion of ours ? By the invention of mezzotinto, a style devoid of vigour or firmness, your artist; have appealed to economy rathor than to taste. Do your looking-glass or your silk manufactured equal ours? Do your clocks and watches rival those of Bro. Iguetl In short, a thousand examples might bo adduced [to prove — " — " To prove nothing," interrupted Lord IS , "except indeed that in mechanics, literature, lliorscs, carriages, manufactures, agriculture, laws anil liiiorals, we are your superiors, and that tho superiority lof your fine arts consists solely in hair-dressing, opcra- Idaiicing and cooking, which the evidence of several Icenturies has sulficicntly proved; — but without entering [into details, is Palis to bo compared to Iiondon ?" — " I |«'ould not piosume to determine," observed Count de Mejun, *• to which of the two capitals tho preference is However, if I wore to attempt a comparison, I lliould say that if London contains tho greater number of objects worthy of interest and curiosity, it must he ickiiowledgod that the lovers of the arts, tho lielln Mini, and of pleasure, must gladly turn from tho fogs |>r tlngland, to admire, on the smiling banks of tlio eine, the inijesty of our monuments, the elegance of bur edihces, the attic wit of our brillinnt literary cir- tics, and the animation and taste which impart lile and pace to every thing. Finally, in Paris one enjoys the ility of that happiness, which in Lnndoii is only jinown in dull dreams. Nothing can bo more singular hin the contrasts which the English capital presents 1 1 foreigner at the first glance. The monotonous regu- ■rity of those parts of London, in which the streets are •idc, dean, and uniform, and the filth ind closeness of ceted from the representative of one of the most [lolitc, aft'able and elegant princes in Europe. Wlieu the company retired to the drawing-room there was first a little iniisie, and then an attempt to dance; but nothing could subdue the diilncss which his lord- ship's want of good breeding had diffused among his guests. On our departure, at midnight, we could not but add a new paragraph to the chapter of oddities, which, during his residence at Vienna, characterised a m.in who, by his own |x>rsonal merit and his rank, might have liocn more honourably distinguished than by waging a war of mauvaia Ion. CHAPTER XXVII. Last moments of the Piicicc tW Iii2n<— His dentil— Ceremonies ob- served ..t Ilia I'uni rat. Vie labour for glory and for the good opinion of pos- terity, which even to the atheist is a coni|icnsation for the immortality of the soul. But at\cr all, is it not a melancholy error to attach so much importance to that (losterity, which in all proliability may know nothing ol the present generation, especially if we admit the cer- tainty of the physical revolutions of the >;i m -i ^■m 204 JOlrUNAI. OF A NUHLEMAN. *■■*■ "' i^H pi ji''''^/^ Pl iiK^Iniicliiily. " Niitiiri li;is ciriliiiiuil," said lie, " lliat \\r Hliiill iill ill our liirii.s uUaiiilon the s|>:i< r ur iH'i'ii|iy in tlic world (o iiiiikr riioiii for others. Wo iiiusl siihinit to our fiitc. Yet," ailclcil he, with diT|> (Jiiiotioii, " it is a |iain- fiil fltrii););''' t" I""''- 'ion' lliow" wc love — that is thi> sr- vcri'st pan);-" At thcao words ii tear, wliich I hail»ni>l iwwer to repress, drop|K'd I'roiii luy eye. "('ome, conic," said he, "tear notliiii^. IKath will iiiiss hi.s aim this time ; ami lo-niorrow you will find tlial all tliis illness will liavo vanished like a dream." — " In that case, prinre," re|ilied 1, " this iiightinare will form one piiye more in yonr iiieiiiorandnni hook." — "Alas! how inelanclioly it is tn look back on the past! If it has bteii untiirtniiate, it is distrcssini; to think of it. If happy, it is puinfnl In s.iy — 1/ fills iiff.n. If we think of onr days of ulnry and jileiisiire, onr youthful occupations, and even the sports of onr childhood, all are calculated to excite reijret." Here he paused for a few iiioinents, as if cnllccling his ideas, and then he adiled, " Yet, weri' I to iH'jiin my life over again, 1 would do almost evi'ry lliini; 1 have ilone, except iiuhi'd that 1 would not nHbrd the saine opjior- lunities for inj;ratitiide ; and that I would take a little more pains to avoid the want of money, that I niijjlit have it ill my power to aid tliosi' who do want it." The )irincu's illness continued to make rapid and nlaniiiiij; pro(jress, ami all almnt him were plunged into despair. 1 remained with him during a great part of the •lay, and I returned in the evening. His aHIicli ' I'amily were assomhled at hi.-) bed Bide,aiul the most distinguished IMTsonages then in Vii'iina were inomciitarily sending to ciir|uirc how he was. When Malfati arrived, aliout eleven o'clock, the prince saiil, " Nothing ails me, doctor, ex- cept ilie dilliculty of dying. 1 did not know it was an alfair of so niiieli cori'inony. Truly, the uncertainly and the briefness of existence arc not worth this." Ho after- wards iK'gan to converse in a very cheerfnl tone of the legacies he had brqueallied. " Aly fortune is not dilVicull to divide," said he ; " hut I wish to do it fairly. As to you, my hoy," said he, aildri ssing me, " your lainily has already received the liest share of your portion. Con- formaiily with an ohi custom," continucil he, " I nnist leave a legacy to my company of Trabans, and 1 have made that legacy my posthumous works, wliich are well worth a hundred thousand florins." In vain wc endea- voured to divert him from this nulaiiclioly train of ideas: lie constantly turned llu' conversation on the Rubject of death. " I admire," saiil he, " the manner in which IV- ironius departed from the world. Wishing that his death should 1)0 as voluptuous as his life, he commanded sol\ music to lie played and tine [loctry recited to him in his last momenLs. Hut lor my part I will do belter. Sur- rounded by all whom 1 love, I will expire in the arms of friendshij)." Some moments afterwards he said ta us — " Do not be so cast down. Perhaps wc shall not jmrt yet nwliilc. One illness sometimes saves us from a worse ; lor there is a connecting link between all that has hap- l>encd and all tliat is to liap|icn, and uncertainly is sonie- times a blessing." He was suddenly seized with a fainting fit, which grcilly alarmed us. When he was somewhat restored he said — " Ah ! I feel that I have not strength to live ; but I have yet strength to love you." At these words all his children threw themselves on the bed, and ki.ssed his hands, which they watered with their tears. " What means this," said he, " my children ?" withdrawing his hands, " I am not yet a saint !" A imtion which the iloctor prcscrilicd had tlio effect of coin|)osiiig him for a ihw hours; but about llircc in the iiinrning liis imagination seemed to be suddenly excited. He fancied he beheld Death enter his elianiber, onil rais- ing liimself up in his lied, he ahsinned the atlilnile of o man who was about to struggU' with an adversary. In a tone of inconceivable agitation he exclaimed — " ("lose the door ! See, ho is ooming in ! Turn liiin nut !" He then seemed to be struggling with all his strength, utter- ing incoherent sentences, and calling us all to his aid. This last etl'ort completely exhausted him, and lie after- wards eonlinuod insensible. This was on the Hth of De- cember, lull.* » « » » The Prince do Ligne is no more ! How melancholy it is to write these words ! One of the brightest intellec- tual luminaries of lliu age has disappeared. How justly may be applied to him the words that he employed in al- lusion to the death of another great man — " II n'esl plus! • III iMu loKl mnnionla ofexlBlcnco, it wniilil appear tliiit an hiin pliiarv |ihiiiiii>iii MmM'tiiiicx prosiiiis i'scU'tn ilii' ►i'jlil. I.iirli-ii llo impnfic, III ills Miiiiiiitn.RtiiirMlml in liii'ilcllrliiiii whirh I'rwwl" 1. 1., >'..■!..•.'.. i». I ■.. _ I... ii-ria c>.>ipriilll II* i*i(-|iii*ir^)l*ltllir|irii» III 111" ininit""" ..■■"■• I- -.■-■■■ " last inoini Dtp, Im' whs evm lo PinipRlc iMiwrrtuHy iinpnrii' annliis' Ilinlli. wiiioli n|i)M'niiil lii lie vifllili' lo liliii. aa'l lliat h» I'liMcil u|Kiii hir w>ii Niiyoli'iiu III ciiini> niiil ilil'iiul liliii wlUi III' lircnl fiwiiiil. II ii'est [iliis! Ce piinei' i|ui faisait hoiiiieur a riioninie, I'hoiiiine ipii faisait le plus iriionneiir an priiiee." The rrince do I.igiie was for sixty years a model and an cxamjile to his eonleniporuries. Dignities rellcctcd less lustre on him than he retiected on lliem, and iie died lui object of veneration to all friends of glory, virtue, and talent, and an object of regret and of just priil° mountains, mushroom-high. Oh, (!ml of marvels! who can tell What myriad living things On those grey stones unseen may dwell ! What nations with their kings ! I fi^el no shock, I hear no groan. While laic, perchance, n'crwiieimn Empires on this subverted stone — A hundred ruined realms ! Tio ! in that dot, some mite like mc, Imjx'lled by wo or whim. May cravvl, some atom's cliffs lo sec — A liny world lo him ! lio! while he pauses, and ndinires The works of nature's might; Spurned by my fool, his world cxpircR, And all In him is night ! Oil, liod of terrors! what are we? — Poor insects sparked witli thought? Thy whisiicr. Lord, a word from tliec, Could siiiite us into nought! Hut should'st thou wreck our father land, And mix it with the deep. Safe in the hollow of lliy hand Thy little one will sleep. From llio Literary Sonvcnlr. SONNET. On Sir iVnller ScoWs (jiiiltinff Ahboliford for A'a/Jal BV WIl.I.UM wonnswoRTii. .\ trouble, not of clouds, or weeping rain. Nor of the setting sun's pathetic light, KngciKlered, hangs o'er Kildun's triple height : Spirits of Power ass<led there complain For kindred Power departing frnm their night ; While Tweed, liest pleased in nlmnling a blithe Mriiii,| Saddens his voice, ugnin, and yet again. Lift up your hearts, ye Mourners ! for the might Of the whole worlil's good wishes with him gixn; Hlessings and prayers, in nobler retinuo Than sceptred king, or laurelled conqueror know, Follow this wondrous Potentate. Ho true, Ye winds of ocean, and the midland sea, Wailing your charge to soft Purtheno|ic ! We are not a lowing little wo i,'i'ii(Tiilly kiiiiwi liiili rilitor in wi preserved from i My dear sir — concurrence in ii ym wore not a| puny them. Hy liaioiiy of alFectio nill be obvious o lion, in which L may most succesi tlicy may most h The following I Cliatlinin to his ni clfiird,) then at Ci ttTitleii for the pri [loriod of lime, am valioiis on the extt occasion might ha liiir corrcspondeiic will undoubtedly 1 mon interest, as v from tlie picture v llioir niilhor. The laory lioth of the p I of him to whom ll rrnilcrcd him desi But lie fi*ls a mu I inotiiif by such a | li^.iniing, virtue, a wliiHil, whose phil virtue, it has often ('xi'cllencn of cliara valion : that no in I or lo lliu familiar fr I in more amiable an I (li'llvcrcd to us in tl I lliminrhoiit all his I iaimlulilc moralist I nearly .seen: and n ^lr.lll);(•rs, can e pial I 'il.'s ill ilic daily i Vil. I'erirliH. The following coi I wlio will not liimeiil I preserved .') exhibits I ill Olio of llic most ii l^iil, as in the caliinc l"usiiti(l coniiiiindini I 'li^ coiiiilry owed lii> I liliinliiig with pnren |conioiisyon(li,seeds I into full maturity in I'll mm: directing h |i" llio licst iiistrume rullivillon of his rei ■I"" lieart tliosc princi Iciiiijpiiial to it ; anj^ |'"c whole conduct t Inuincc of gralituile, |»urr^,roHiidwork of < "Imt parent, niixii » >'>ii, Imrii lo any lib hniitry, would not, ii Kladly havo losorlcd I LfiTTicRs or THE r.xnj. ov vux'i ham. 2()r. uxiiires. :cnlr. Msford for AV"| ORTII. ' rain, I". . , plo liciglit : mplnin their niglil ; ingablitlic»lra«| rnin. or the iniRlil :ilh him gix»; inuo nqucror know, ' I true, Hca, Inopc! LETTERS FKOM TUB I.ATK SSJitrl of etiattiam TO HIS NRI'IIEW THOMAS PITT, ESQ. Fiom the fourth Lundon ediliun. INTRODUCTION. \Vi' nrc nut aware of any American edition of tlio fol- lowiii" little work — at all events, wo are sure it U not as [.(•mriilly known us it deserves to bo. Wi^ join the ling- IihIi cdiUir in wishing tlicru Imd been more of tlic letters [ircserved from oblivion. TO THB RIGHT HON. WILLIAM PITT. Dropmore, Dec. 3, 1803. My dear sir — When you expressed to mo your entire concurrence in my wisli to print the foUowinif letters, ydii were not appris(!d tlint this address would aceoin- n;my Ihcin. lly you it will, I trust, Iks rcccivrd as a tes- liriioiiy of aifectionate friendship. To others the propriety will be ohvious of inseribing with your name a publiea- lioii, in which Lord Chatham teaches, how great talents may most successfully bo cultiv.ited, and to what objects they may most honourably be directed. Gremvill. The English Editor's Preface. Tlic following letters wore addressed by the late Lord ("liatham to his nephew Mr. Pitt, (atlorwards Lord Cam- flfurd,) then at Cambridge. Tliey arc few in number, written for tlie private use of an individual during a short lieriod of time, and containing only such detached obser- ratioiis on the extensive Bubjects to which they relate, as (ic&ision might hapi>en to suggest, in the course of fami- liar correspondence. Yet even these iin|>erlcet remains will muloubtcdly tie received by tlic public with no com- iiion interest, as well froin their own intrinsic value, as from tlic picture which they display of the character of tlioir author. The editor's wisli to do honour to the me. mnry both of the [lerson by whom they were written, and of him to whom they wore oddresscd, would aloiio have rrnclcrcd him desirous of making these |iapers public. Hut he fwls a niueli higher motive, in the hope of pro- miilio-r by such a pulilication the inseparable interests of loiniiiig, virtue, and religion. Hy the writers of that Ki'liiKil, whose philosophy consists in the degradation ot' virliii', it has often been triumphantly declared, that no rxi'clleiice of cliaraeter can stand the test of close obsc^r- valicin : that no man is a hero to his domestic servants, i or lo lii.1 familiar friends. How much more just, as well as more amiable and dignified, is the ojipositc sentiment, (Iclirured to us in the words of Plutareli, and illustrated llirniufhont all his writings! " Real virtue," says that iniiiiitililc moralist, " i^ most loved, where it is most nearly seen: and no ritspcct which it commands from ^l^ln)rl'r!<, can epial tlic never ceasing admirati(m it ex- I cites ill the daily intercourse of domestic life." — I'litt. Vil. I'trirliH. The following correspondence, impcril'ct as it is, (and I who will not lament that nnny more such letters arc not I preicned .') exliihits a great orator, statesman, and patriot, I in one nf the most interesting relations of private society. I Not, as ill tlie cabinet or the senate, enforcing by a vigor- aad eiiniiniiiding clo'pience, those eomicils to which I hii cwiiilry owed her pre-eiiiiiiency! and glory; but iin- |planliiii; with parentiil kindness into the iiiinil of an in- SciiiiMisyoiitli, seeds of wisdom and virtue, which ri|M'iied liiitofull maturity in the character of a most accomplish- leilinan: directing liiin to the ner|nisition of knowledge, In'tlio hest instrument of action; teaching him hy the IcuhivalioM of his reason, to strengthen and estahlisli in Ilii« heart lliose principles of moral rectitude which were Icongeiiial to it; and, above all, exhorting him to regulate Itlic whole conduct of his life by the predominant in- IHuciicc of gratitude, and obedience to (lod, as the only Imre i;rouiidvvork of every human duty. What parent, anxious for the eliaraetiT and success of |« son, Imrn to any liberal station In this great and free ^oniilry, would not, in all that related lo liis edueatioii, gladly luvc losoilcU tu the aUuvu uf such a iiiun .' What yonthfnl spirit aiiiiiiated tiy any desire of future exeel- ience, and looKing IJir the gratilication of that desire, in tli(^ pursuits oflioiionralile ainbitifui, or in the cimseionH- iiess of nn npriirlit, active, and nseliil life, would not eiii- hracM! with transport any opiinrtiniity of listening on such a. subject to tlie lessons of Lord Cliatliam? They an- here I'leliire him. Not delivered with the aiitliorily of n preceptor, or a parent, but tempered by the nireetioii of a Iriend towards a disponitioii and eliaraeti r well eiitithd to such regard. On that disposition and character the editor forbears to enlarge. Their liest panegyric will be Ibiind in the following pages. Lord t^aiiu'll'ord is there described sneli as Lord Cliathani judged him in the liist dawn of his youtli, and such as he continued to his latest hour. Tin s.ame suavity of manners, and steadiness of principle, the sniiie correctncssof judgment, and inteLTity of hc>art, di>:- lingnished him through life; and the same atleetimiate attachment from those wlio knew him best has followed him beyond the grave. It will lie obvious to every reader on the slightest pe- rusal of the following letters, that they were never in- tended to comprise a [lerfect system of education, even for the short jMirlion of time to wliicli they relate. Many imints in which they will lie found deficient, were un- doubtedly supplied by frequent opportunities of (Kirsonal intercourse, and much was left to the general rules of study established at an English university. Still less therefore should the lemiiorary advice adilressed to an individual, whose previous education had laboured under some disadvantage, be understood as a general dissuasive from the cultivation of (Grecian literature. The senti- ments of r,ord CMiatham were in direct opposition to any such opinion. The manner in which, even in these let- ters, he Biioaks of the first of poets, luid the greatest of orators; and the stress which he lays on the lienefits to lie derived from tlieir immortal works, could leave no doubt of his judgment on this important point. That judgment was aflerwards most unequivocally manifested, wlien he was called upon to consider the <|uestioii with a still higher interest, not only as a friend and guardian, but also as a fatlicr. " I call that," says Slilton, " a complete and generous education, wliicli fits a man to [lertbrm justly, skilfully, and magnanimously, all the ofHces, both public and pri vate, of |ieace and war." Tills is the purjiose to which all knowlc Ik- u gentle. man of sneli learning niid i]naUHcution!i nR may dlstin- (fui-tli yon in tlie .serviee ot'yonr eonntry heroaller; not n Jivilant, who reads only In he cnHed h'.irned, instead ol conniderinjj leirninjj as an instninient only for aelion. (Jive nie leave, theri'tiire, my dear ne|iliinv, who hive gone before yon, to |Kiinl onl to yon the danjiers in your ro.ad; to guard yon acned, to raise yon higher in my esteeni, and to endear you more to me, it is the amiable abhorrence yon feel for the scene of vice and lolly, (and of real misery and perdition, under the false notion of pleasure and spi- rit,) which has oiK'iied to yon at your college, and ut the same lime, the manly, '.rave, generous, and Vise resolu- tion and true spirit, with which you resisted and repulsed the first attempts u|H)n a mind and heart, I thank (iod, infinitely too tirm and noble, as well as too elegant and enlightened, to be in any danger of yielding to such con- temptible and wretched corruptions. You charm me with the description of .Mr. Wheler,+ and while you say }'ou could adore him, I could adore you for the natural, genuine love of virtue, which s|)eaks in ail you feel, say, or do. As to your companions, lot this bo your rule. Cultivate the aci|Uaintance with .Mr. Wilder wliieli you have so ibrtunately begun: and, in general, be sure to associate with men much older than yourself: scholars whenever you can: but always with men of decent and honourable lives. As their age and learning, superior both to your own, must necessarily, in good sense, and in the view of acquiring knowledge from them, entitle them to all deference, and submission of your own lights to theirs, you will particularly practise that tirst and great- est rule for pleasing in conversation, as well as lor draw- ing instruction and improvement from the company of one's superior in age and knowledge, namely, to be a patient, attentive, and well bred hearer, and to answer with modesty: to deliver your own opinions sparingly and with proper dittidencc; and if you arc forced to de- sire fartlicr information or cx|ilanation upon a point, to do it with proper apologies for the trouble you give : or if obliged to dilTer, to do it with all |>ossihle candour, and an unprejudiced desire to find and ascertain truth, with an entire inditiercnee to the side on which that truth is to be found. There is likewise a particular attention required to contradict with good manners ; such as, licgging par- don, begging leave to doubt, and such like' phrases. Py- thagoras enjoined his scholars an absolute silence for a long noviciate. I am far from apjiroving such a tacitur- nity : but I highly recommend the end and intent of Pythagoras's injunetion ; which is to dedicate the first parts of life more to hear and learn, in order to collect materials, out of which to form opinions founded on pro per lights, and well examined sound principles, than to be presuming, prompt, and flippant in hazarding one's own slight crude notions of things ; and thereby exposing the nakedness and emptiness of the mind, like a house opened to company before it is fitted either with necessa- ries, or any ornaments (m their reception and entertain- ment. And not only will this disgrace follow from such temerity and presumption, but a more serious danger is sure to ensue, that i.s, the emhraeing errors for truths, prejudices for principles; and when that id once done, (no matter how v.iinly and weakly,) the adhering per. haps to false and dangerous notions, only because one has declared for tlicin, and submitting, for life, the un- derstanding and conseicnco to a yoko of base and servile • Tile cniirsi* nf »iiid) r coiiiiuended heina nb.^oleli', (die nii- tlior's n|i!iiiuii!' (Ill the I'liliivniioii nl'tincian tinratiirti linvhiiz f>iitM4'qut'nily ctiiiiic*Ml.) w" imiii Imtc, nti it ia iiior.' ptiriiculnrly IVr Ihclr oilier excellflll qiinlili'-* tjint we vnllie these letters Kd. t The Uev. John WihIji. prolieiidHry of \V'e>Iiiitii8tt'r. The frteiiflfll)i|i fnrmril between tliu< iicnileiiiiin ami l.iird Cainellbrd ai iMi enrly n iieriitil of ttii'ir lives, wns fuiiiiih'd In niiitiial e.-iticiiitanil coadDucii unlnlinupled till Lord Caiiieiruiil's iJeaiJi. prejiidiees, viiiiily taken up and oli.^tinalely reliined. I'liis will never be yonr danger; hut I tliunght it not anii.ss to oH'er these lellectioiis In yonr Ihoughls. As to your m inner of heliaving lo.vanis llie.se unhappy young giiitleiiK 11 you deserihe, let it be manly and easy ; de- eliiii their parlies with civility ; reliirl llieir raillerv with raillery, always tempered Willi good breeding: if they banter your regularity, order, deciiiey, and line of study, banter in return thetr neglect of Iheiii ; and venture to own frankly, that yuu eaiiie In Cambridge to learn what you can, not to liillow what lluy are plciised to e;UI plea- sure. In short, let your e.vu rn.il lichavionr lo Iheiii lie as liill of |)oliteness and ca.se as ynnr inward istiinalion of them is full of pity, mixed with eonleinpl. 1 come n iw to llie part of the advice 1 have to offer lo you, which most nearly coneeriis your welfare, and upon which every good and honourable pnr|K)se of your life will assuredly turn ; 1 mean the keeping up in your heart the true sentiments of religion. If you are not right towards (lod, you can iievei Ik' so towards man : the noblest sentiment of the human breast is here brought to the test. Is gratiUide in the number of a man's vir- tues I If it he, the highest bencfaelor demands the warm- est returns of gratitude, love, and praise : Ingratuni qui dixerit, omnia dixit. " When you have K|iokcn ingrati- tude, you have s|Kiken every thing." If a man wants this virtue, where there are infinite obligations to excite and piicken it, he will be likely to want all others towards his fellow creatures, whose utmost gills are (MXir com- pared to those he daily receives at the hands of his never failing ahniglity friend. Kciiiember thy Creator in the days of thy youth, is big with the deepest wisdom : the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom ; and, an upright heart, that is imderstanding. This is eternally true, whether the wits and rakes of C^ambridgc allow it or not : nay, I must ixdd of this religious wisdom. Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are |)eace, whatever yonr young gentlemen of pleasure may think of a tainted health and haltered constitution. Hold fa.st therefore by this sheet-anelior of happiness, religion; you will often want it in the times of most danger ; the storms and tempests of life, ('herisli true religion as pre- ciously as you will fly with abhorrence and contempt superstition and enthusiasm. The first is the perfec- tion and glory of the human nature; the two last the depravation and disgrace of it. Remeniber the essence of religion is, a heart void of ofl'cncc towards God ond moll ; not subtle speculative opinions, but an active vital principle of faith. The words of a heathen were so fine that I must give them to you : Coniposilum jus, fasque animi, sanelosi|ue recessiis mentis, el incoctum gencroso pectus honeslo. " What is just and right within the soul, and the sacred recesses of Uio niinil, and a brcats imbued with generous honesty." (io on, my dear child, in the admirable dis|wsitions you have towards all that is right and good, and make yourself the love and odmiralion of the world! i have neither paper nor words to tell you how tenderly I am yours. LETTER V. /Jff/;i,7ai(. 21, 1754. I will lose not a moment before I return my most ten- der and warm thanks lo the most amiable, valuable, and noble minded of youths, for the infinite pleasure his let- ter gives me. My dear nephew, what a beautiful thing is genuine goodness, and how lovely does the human mind ap|X!ar, in its native purity, (in a nature as happy as yours,) before the taints of a <;orrupted world have touched it! To guard you from the fatiil eflects of all the dangers that surround and beset youth, (and many there are,) I thank God, is liecome my pleasing and very ini- |KirUnt charge ; your own choice, and our nearness in iiluod, and still more, a dearer and nearer relation of hearts, which I feel between us, all concur to make it so. I shall seek then every occasion, my dear young friend, of being useful to you, by offering you those lights, which one must have lived some years in the world lo see the full force and extent of, and which the U'st mind and clearest understanding will suggest imperfectly, in any case, and in the most dillicull, delicate, and- csscntul points {icrliaps not at all, till e.\|)erience, that dear bougnt instructer, comes to our assistance. What I shall llieic- foro make my task, (a liajipy, delightful lask, if I prove a safeguard to so much opening virtue,) is to lie for some years, what you cannot bo to yourself, your experience ; experience anticipated, and ready digested for your use. Thus we will endeavour, my dear child, to join tlic two best seasons of life, to cstuhlisli your virtue and your hap- piness upon solid fbunduliuns. So much in general. I will now, my dear nephew, say a few tilings to you ii|k,|, a inatler where you have surprisingly little to learn, cnu. sidering you have seen nothing but Uoconiiock ; I iiicnii heliavionr. llehaviour is of infinite advantage or prijii. dice lo a man, as he happens to have formed it tu ^ gr.ieefiil, noble, engaging, and proper manner, or to j vulgar, eo:irse, ill bred, or awkward and ungeitleel on,., Hehavinnr, though an external thing which si'emi' r.nlJKr to belong to the liody than to the mind, is eerloinlj funded in coiisiderulile virtues: though I have knnitu iii.-tanees of gmid men, with something very revullini; and offensive in their manner of behaviour, espeiiiHv when lliey have the inisforlnnc to be naturally very awli. ward and imgenleel; and which their mistaken Iriinils have helped lo eontirtn Iheiii in, by telling them, liny were aliove such trifles, as being genteel, dancing, fciic. ing, riding, and doing all manly exercises, with grace and vigour. As if the body, because inferior, were nol a pari of the com|>ositioii of man: and the pro|ier, laKv, ready, and graceful use of himself, both in mind aiid limb, did not go lo make up the character of an acconi. plished man. You are in no danger of falling into this pre|)osterons error: and I had a great pleasure in fiiidiiii; you, when I first saw you in London, so well dispo$rii by nature, and so pro|iorly attentive to make yourstlf genteel in ficrson, and well bred in behaviour. I am very glad you have taken a fencing master: that exercise will give you sonic manly, firm, and graceful attitudes: open your chest, place your h«ad upright, and plant ^oii well upon your legs. As to the use of the sword, it is well lo know it: but remember, my dearest iiepliew, it \» a science of defence : luid that a sword can never be em. ployed by the hand of a man of virtue, in any dtlur cause. As lo the carriage of your person, be particularly careful, as you are tall and thin, not to get a haliit nf stooping; nothing has so poor a look : above all lliiii{!s avoid conlraetiiig any peculiar gesticulations of the liixiy, or movements of the muscles of the face. It is rare io see in any one a graceful laughter; it is generally licllir to smile than laugh out, especially to contract a habit of laughing at small or no jokes, flonietimes it would h afreetalion, or worse, iiiero inorosencss, not lo laugli heartily, when the truly ridiculous circumstances ufan incident, or the true pleasantry and wit of a thing, call for and justify it; but the trick of laughing frivolously u by all means to be avoided: Risu incplo, res ineptior nulla est. " Nothing is so silly as a silly laugh." Now as to |iolitcness ; many have attempted definitions of il: I believe il is best to lie known by description; definition nol lM?ing able lo comprise il. I would however venture to euU it, benevolence in trifles, or tlic preference of | others lo ourselves in little daily, hourly, occurrences ia the eoniinerce of life. A better place, a more coiiiiiio. I dious seat, priority in being helped at table, &c. wliali) il, but saerifieing ourselves in such trifles to the convc- iiienee and pleasure of others? And tliis conslitutes true |ioliteness. It is a perpetual attention, (by habit it growi easy and natural to us,) to tlic little wants of those »e are with, by which we eitlicr prevent, or remove tlieiu. Bowing, ceremonious, formal compliments, stifl" civililics, I will never he |ioliteness: that must be eos^, natural, un studied, manly, noble. And what will p;ivc this butil ininil benevolent and perpetually attentive to exert lliil amiable disposition in trifles towards all you coiiverst and live with? Rencvolence in greater matters takes 1 1 higher name, and is the queen of virtues. Nothing isio I ineoinpalible with |ioliteiiess as any trick of absence of I mind. 1 would trouble you witli a word or two iiioie f u|ion some branches of behaviour, which have a niorett. r rious moral obligation in tliem, than those of mere |Killlr. I ness; which are equnlly important in the eye of thi I world. I mean a projicr liehaviour, adapted to the re- 1 spcclivc relations we stand in towards the diA'crcnt ranki I of superiors, eipials, and inferiors. Let your behaviour I towards superiors, in dignity, age, learning, or any dii- 1 tinguishcd excellence, be full of res|)ect, deference, on^ | modesty. Towards equals, notliing becomes a tiian k I welt as well bred ease, polite freedom, generous franl. I ness, manly spirit, always tempered will) gcnllcncsii an' I sweetness of manner, noble sineerily, candour, and op«>' I ness of heart, qualified and restrained wiltiin the Iwundil of'^scretiun and prudence, and ever limited by b sacredl regard to secrecy, in all tliuigs intrusted to il, and an ii- 1 violable utlaehment to your word. To inferiors, ^ciillt- 1 ness, condescension, luid atTubility, is the only ilifriulj.l Towards servants, never accustom yourself to rough u'l passionate language. When they arc good wo bIiouHI consider them us humilcs amiei, as fellow Christians, ill coiiservi; and when they ore bad, pity, admonish, u^l part with them if incorrigible. On all occasions bi.| ware, my dear child, of anger, that (lemon, tliaUl Nolliing can than the obligii ceives my most of use to him. ever il be, whiei paths of the woi liow lo avoid t which they then such timely war forward towards lues, and felieiti or slopped short helping hand to slippery way, sci huinaiiily lo all love, and who.se , of the very soil p generous virtues fruit; inward, co lie love, temporal say, in such an naniei. I am gre you do me the jii pose any yoke of conviction. I wisl and convince you mcnt to right thin they ore right ; n any thing before by tiic force of at that Locke lay b and 1 like the obs we must use our i would deal fairly I ful and contenlcc worthy of the digr dear child, let me i of much moment: plicable only to si gious obligations, ai alone can judge an mere expediency, t religion, were not i such are the usagci I decortmis, and all tl (luiremcnts, and gei I stitutc a proper, gr; In matters of this k which I shall alwaj you must, at first, r in effect, see witli tl for the ways of the manners, as well as dential consideratio yince a mind as rigt I inexperienced youth, I incognita. As you I notions of China or I veiled those countri I whose relations you I trust, prematurely fo I that usage of the wo Ihavenolycltravcllci land pracfLscu before lean repeat nothing tc lyoiir future welfare, i ■taking up notions aii< Imjenuous mind ngai jiTgard to all things tl ■ouc eiaiuinalion, evii ^ligion, (and in all si "^ason determine you ►naltsrs, I say, be slow In a candid state of su >nen you shall proem fjpcnence of a friem ► hose advice you will lience hereafter, wher ?''"• I have been Ion f'"" ""W any gccasioi J.KTXnRS OF THE EAItL OK f^llATIIAM. 207 ;h lo jou ii|ion • to U'lirii, luu. mock ; I menu itaK ;ntive to exert tint all you converse er matters takes i acs. Nothing is so rick of absence ot word or two more cli have a more «t- losc of mere iwlilf- n the eye of thi adapted lo the re. the different ranki | ct your bcliavioui irning, or any dii- ;ct, deference, ami ccoincs a man » n, goncrons fraal- ■illi gcntlencMM' candour, and open- witliui the bouiiiii mitcd by asact^ ^i to it, and an i* "o inferiors, ^cnfc |g the only dip»tj. ^rself to rough ui re good wo sluHiH llow Christian!, « ity, admonish, nil all occasions 1»| It demon, tliilii dtroyur of our iwoee. Ira iiiror bievis est, aniimiiii rige qui nisi paret iiii|n'rat, hune frirnis hune tu eonipixc ratcnis. " Anger is tein|K)rary madness — unless it oIk y, it will rule the mind Uku a tyrant: restrain it u ith curbs and chains." Write soon, and tell nic of your studies. Your ever affectionate. LErncR VI. ««M, Ffii. .'1, r..i. Nothing can or ought to give me a hi'^'lier satislurlion than the obliging manner in which my dear i ''pliew re- ceives luy most sincere and all'ectiniialc endeav rs lo Ih- of use to him. You much overrate the obligatinn, u hit. ever It b<', which youth lias to those who have Inid tlie paths of the world lioforc them, for their friendly ndvicc- iiow to avoid the inconveniences, dangers, and iviN, which they themselves may have run u|ioii for want of nuch timely warnings, and to seize, cultivate, and carry forward towards perfection, those advantages, graces, vir- tues, and felicities, whicli they may have totally missed, or stopped short in the generous pursuit. To lend this helping hand to those who arc beginning to tread the slippery way, seems, at Iwst, but an oIKcc of eommiin humanity to all; but to withhold it from one we truly love, and whose heart and mind bear every genuine mark of the very soil proper for all the omiahle, manly, and generous virtues to take root, and bear their heavenly fruit; inward, conscious peace, fame amongst men, pub- lic love, leinporal and eternal happiness; to withhold it, I sav, in such an instance, would deserve the worst of names. I am greatly pleased, my dear young friend, that you do me the justice to believe I do not ineaii to iiii pose any yoke of authority upon your understaniling and conviction. I wish to warn, admonish, instruct, enligliten. and convince your reason ; and so determine your judg. mcnt to right things, when you shall be made lo see thai they are right; not to overbear, and imjiel you to adopt any thing before you perceive it to lie riglit or wrong, by the force of authority. I hear with great pleasure, that Locke lay before you when you last wrote to mo ; and I like the observation that you make from him, that wc must use our own reason, not that of another, if wc would deal fairly by ourselves, and hope to enjoy a peace- ful and contented conscience. This precept is truly worthy of the dignity of rational natures. But here, my dear cliild, let inc otfer one distinction to you, and it is of much moment: it is this: Mr. Locke's precept is ap- plicable only to such opinions as regard moral or reli- gious obligations, and which as such, our own consciences alone can judge and detenniuc for ourselves ; matters of mere expediency, that affect neither honour, morality, or religion, were not in that great and wise man's view : such are the usages, forms, manners, modes, proprieties, decorums, and all those numlicrlcss ornamental little ac- quirements, and genteel well bred attentions, which con- stitute a proper, graceful, amiable, ond noble behaviour. In matters of this kind, I am sure, your own reason, to which I shall always refer you, will at once tell you, that you must, at first, make use of the experience of others; in effect, see witli their eyes, or not be able to see at all ; I for the ways of the world, as to its usages and exterior manners, as well as to all things of cxjicdicncy and pru- I dential considerations, a moment's rcHcction will con- vince a mind as right as yours, must necessarily be to I inexperienced youth, with over so fine natural parts,a terra I incognita. As you would not therefore attempt to form Inoiinns of China or Persia but from those who have tra- I veiled those countries, and the fidelity and sagacity of I whose relations you can trust ; so will you as little, 1 I trust, prematurely form notions of your own concerning I that usage of the world (as it is called) into which you Ihave not yet travelled, and which must be long studied land practised before it can he tolerably well known. I lean rc|)eat nothing to you of so infinite consequence to lyour future welfare, as to conjure you not to he hasty in Itaking up notions and opinions : guard your honest and linjrenuous mind against this main danger of youth : with Iregard to all things that appear not to your reason, after Iduc examination, evident duties of honour, morality, or |teligion, (and in all such as do, let your conscienctt pnd reason determine your notions and cojiduct,) in all oraCr matters, I say, be slow to form opinions, keep your itlitid in a candid state of suspense, and o|)eri to full conviction when you shall procure it, using in the mean time tlie fcx|)orience of u friend you ftin trust, the sincerity of fcihosc advice you will try and prove by your own expc- lience licrcnfVer, when more years shall have given it to |ou. I have been longer upon this head than I hope IIkto was any occasion for : but the great importance of the iiii.''. r, iiiid my wuriii wishes for your wellaro, figure, and happiiirss, have drawn it Iniiii me. 1 wimIi tu kimu if you liuvr a ;;()od Kroiiih iiiasti r : I iiiiisl rx'oiiiiiiriiil till' study <)( till' Kr< noli language, to speak and write it cnrrri lly, us In gruiiimar and ortliiigraphy, as a iiiatttr of the lltlllll^t nnintiiig out to you such books, in succession, as will carry you the shortest way to tlie tilings you must know to fit yourself for the business of the world, and give you the clearer knowledge of them by keeping them unmixed with superfluous, vain, empty trash, licl me hear, my dear child, of your French also ; us well as ot those studies which are more pro|)crly university studies. I cannot tell you better how truly and tenderly I love you, than by telling you I am most solicitously bent on your doing every thing that is right, and laying the foundations of your future happiness and figure in the world, in such a course of improvement us will not fail to make you a better inuii, while it makes you a more knowing one. Do you rise early? I hojK; you have already made to yourself the hubil of doing it : if not, let me conjure you to acquire it. Ueniember yor.r friend Horace. Kt iii posces ante diem libruin cum luminc, si nnn intendes uninium studiis, ct rebus lionestis, invidia vel ainorc miser torquebere. " If you do not go willi a lamp before daylight lo your books, — if you do not bend your mind lo study and virtuous employment, jealousy or love will soon make you miserable." Adieu. Your ever affectionate uncle. LEITEK VIIL Aslrop Wells, Se/if. 5, 1754. My dear nephew — I have been u long lime without conversing with you, and thanking you Tor the pleasure of your last letter. Vou may possibly be about to return to the seat of learning on tlie hanks of the Cam ; but I will not defer discoursing to you on literary matters till you leave Cornwall, not doubling but you are mindful of the muses amidst the very savuge rocks and moots, and yet more savage natives, of the aneicnt and respectable duteliy. First, with regard lo the opinion you desire eoncernin;: a coiiimoii-place book; in general, I much disapprove the use of it : it is chiefly intended for per- sons who mean In he; authors, and tends to impair the memory, and to deprive you of u ready, extempore use of your reading, by accustoming the mind to discharge itself of its reading on paper, instead of relying on Us natural power of retention, aided and fortified by fVequeiit revisions of its ideas and materials. Some things mu8t be common-placed in order to be of any use; dates, cliro. nologicul order, and the like ; for instance, Natlianiel Bvcon ought to be extracted in the best method you can: but in general my advice lo you is, not to common-place upon impcr, but, aa an equivalent to it, to endeavour to range and melliodise in your head what you read, and by so doing frequently and habitually to fix matter in the memory. If you hove not read Burnet's History of his own Tunes, 1 lieg you will. I hope your fulher is well. My love lo the girls. Your ever affectionate, LEiri;U IX. I'liij Ojlirr, .I/im7!I, 17.'i."). My dear iiephiw — I rijoiii' iMriiiirly to hear tlint yiMir I'.illiir and tlir girls lire not iiiiriitrrl:;iiiril in their Iravrls. Ill till' iiiiaii lime your IraM Is lliroiigli iLe lallis III' litrratiirr, arts, anil siiiiiirs, (a roait miiiu* linns set with llimirs, ami mnii limes iliirmilt, la- luirion:!, and ariliinns,) are mil mily ii fiiiiuly iiiore jiriifitable in liilurr, but at pri'sint, ii{ii.ii tlu' wlioir, in- liiiiiily iiiiiri' diliglilfiil. .My own Ir.ivi Is -.a priMiit arc iinnr of Iho pleasaiili'sl : I am goiiiu' tliri'iiijli a fit ot' Iho gout; with iiiiii'li prii|M'r pain and what pinpirialii ni'i' I may. Avis all l( rti ill', my swiit lii.y ; ri iiiiiiilKr thy Cie.ilor in llie days ol' lliy youth. Let iin ixiisms lay the limmlatioiis III' gipiit mid Iho rest of I'andora's box; iKir any iiiiiiioralilies, or viriniis courses, sow the seeds of a loo lale and paiiiliil ripriilaiui'. Here ends my ser- mon, whii'li, I trust, you are not fine griitliiiiaii enough, or in plain I'lnijlish silly li lloiv enoii(;h li> laugh at. Lady Hester is niiieli yours. Lit mo hear some account of your intirciiurse with tlie imi.-es. And lielieve mo ever, your truly most ullielioiiale. LETJEU X. l',ii/OJ]irr,Ai,i it 15, I7,5j. A thousand thanks lo my dear Imy for a very pretty litter. I like exlremely the neeoimt you i;i\e of your literary life; llic relleelions you make uiioii some West Saxon actors in the limes you are reading, are natural, manly, and stnsible, and flow from a liiait that will make you far siipi riiir to any of tin m. 1 am loiilent you shoiiUl l)i\ intiriiiplid (pioviilid Iho inti rriipiion be not long) in the course of your reading by ilerlaiming in deli nee of the thesis you liuve so wisely eliosiii to maintuin. It is tiuc indeed that the aniriiialivi' maxim, Diiiiie solum forli palria est, " Every soil is his eoimtrv to Iho brave," has supported some grout and good men iinilei- the |mt- seeulions of fuelion and party iiijusliie, ami taught them lo prel'er an hospitable retreat in a foreign land lo an un- natural inolher country. iSome few such may lie found in ancient times: in our own country also some; such was Algernon Sidney, I,mllow, and others. But how dan- gerous is it to trust frail, eorrnpt man, with siieli an aphorism! What fatal casuistry is it big with! How many a villain might, and has, masked himself in the sayings of ancient illustrious exiles, while he was, in fact, dissolving oil the nearest and dearest ties that hold societies together, and spurning at all laws divine and human! How easy the transition from this political lo some imjiious ecclesini-lical aphorisms! If all soils are alike to the brave and virtuous, so may ell churches and modes of worship; that is, all will be" iqually neglected aiiil violated. Instead of every soil Icing his eoimtrv, he will have no one for his country ; be w ill be the Ibrlorn outcast of mankind. Such wus the late Bolingbroke of impious memory. Let mc know when your declamation LETTER XL ,, , Priy (Iffirr, May 20, 1735. My dear nephew— I am extremely concerned to hear that you have been ill, especially us" your account of un illness, you sjK'ak of us jiasl, implies such remains of dis- order us I bog you will give all jiroper ultention to. By the medicine your physician lius ordered, I conceive he considers your ease in some dofiree nervous. If that be so, advise with him whether a little elnmge of air and of the scene, together with some weeks' course of steel waters, might not be highly proper for you. I nm to go the day after to-morrow to Sunning Hill, in Windsor borest, where I pro|>osc lo drink those waters for about a month. Lady Hester nnd 1 sdall be happy in your company, if your doctor shall m of opinion that such waters may be of service lo you; which, 1 hope, will be his opinion. Besides health recovered, the muses shall not be quite forgot : we will ride, read, walk, and philo- sophise, extremely at our ease, oiid you may return to Cambridge with new nrdonr, or nt least with strength repaired, when wc leave Sunning Hill. If you come, the sooner the heller on all accounts. We propose to go into Buckinghamshire in about a month. I rejoice Uiat your declamation is over, and that yon have begun, my dear- est nephew, to open your mouth in pubhc. I wisii I had heard you perform ; the only way I ever shall hear your praises from yeur own month. My gout prevented my so mucli intendeil and wished for journey to Cambridge : and now my plan of drinking waters renders ft impossi- blc. Come, tlien, my dear boy, to ns ; and so Mahomet and the monntam may meet, no matter which moves to tbo other. Adieu, Your ever nfleclionatr. i» «-,■"'• « .. :i I .1*. ■t » i:;,^-^ 'If ■i 'p!''i^ 2()» Lirrrii lis of the eakl of Chatham. 1 1 ^f^ '■"■.'■ it*.--. I.KTTKR XII. Jiiiij i;), iTj."). My ili'ar luplicw — I have dclayiil writing to yon in f.\(K:ctati()ii oflifarinn; fiirtlicr liniii you ii|xiii tlic -iiihjwt ol'yoiir stay at coUej^rc. Xii ii< ivs is tlio Ixst news, and I will Iiojm; now tliat all your ilitiicultii s u|)ou that head are at an ciul. 1 rcprt'snil ynii 1etual ve.xalion. As to the persons just mentioned, I Irnst that you liear alxint yon a mind and heart iniicli snjK'rior to such nialiee ; and lliat you are as little capable of rcMnling il, with any sensations hut those of cool, decent contempt, Bs you are of fearing the conseijui'nees of such low etVortr. As lo till' caiiliun money, I think you have done well. The case of the ehamlie'rs, 1 (•uneeiv", you likewise iippre- di 11(1 rightly. Iii I me know in your next what these two articles reipiire you to pay down, and how far your pre- sent cash is evhanslod, and I will diicel Mr. CanipU II to give y, 17."..".. I have not conversed with my dear nephew a long lime: I ha\e been niueh in a |HiH|.eliaise, living a wan- diiing Si'Vlliiaii lill', and lie has liien more usefully < inployed than in reading or wriliiig letters; travelling Ihrongh the Mil Ions, iiiKtrneling, and eiilerluiniiig road of hislory. I lia\i' a parliciilar j.le.isnru in lie.iriiig lenv and'then a word from you in your journey, jiist while you are changing horses, if 1 may so call il, anil gelling from one anllior to aiKilhi r. 1 suppose yen are goin^ through (he biographers, from lalu.ird the Konrtli down- wards, nor intending to stop till yon reach lo the coii- liiniator of honest Itaj.in. » • • » • | ),;,,,. ,,xv\ with a seheinu of chronology by Illnir, showing all en- ti iiiporary, historical eharaetcrs, throngli all agi s : it is of great use to consult lVei|Ui iilly,in order to lix piiioils, and throw collatiral light upon any jiaillcnlur l.rancli yon are reading. l>el me know, whin I liiuu the plea- sure of a letter lioiii yon, how far you are advanced in I'aiglisli history. Yi.n niny prolwibly not have lienrd unlhenlle illy of (ioMTiior Lytllilon's eaplivily and re. le.lse. Jle is safe and well ill I'ltlglanil, at)er bring taken and detained in I'ranee some days. Sir Kii hard and he iiiel, iulex|H'eledly eiiuilgli, ut llniSM In, and eaiiie to. giihir lo Eii';liiiil, I pro(Mi 1 n Inriiinu Im I.oiiiIoii in ubuut a week, wheie I Jio|ie lo liiid Lidy lU.tUi iu> well as I left her. We are lioth iiiiieh indebted for your kind u\i\ alfeetionate wishes. In publica commiMla iHccein si loiigo serinone iiiorer, "I should sin against the jnil.lie weal were 1 to detain with a long discourse!" one bent on so honuiirable and virtuous a journey as you arc. LETTER XV. Pay OJIIce, Dec. (i, 17.''.,'".. Of all the various satisfactions of mind I have felt uimii some late eveiit-s, none has alP.'eted nio v^ith more ^•ensibilily and delight than the reading my dear nephew's Utter. The matter of it is worthy of a heller age than lliat wc live in; worlliy of your own noble, uiiliiinleil mind ; and the manner and expression of it is such, as, 1 Irnst, will one day make you a powerful inslminenl to- wards mending the present degeneracy. Examples are mnecessaiy to happy natures; and it is well for your future gioi-y and happiness that this is the ease; lor to copy any now existing might cramp genius and ehrek ihe native spirit of the piece, rather than eonlrlbule to • |K'rlectl"ii of it. I ham from Sir Uiehanl l.yllelton that we may have the pleasure of ineeling soini, as he lias already or intends to ofler you a bed at his house. It is on this, as on all neensions, lillle necessary lo preach priidcnee, or to intiinali! a wish that your studies at rainbridge iniglil not 1h' broken fiy a long inlerriipllon of llieiii. Iknowtla righlness of your sound mind, and leave you to all the geiierons and animating motives you find there, for luirsuing iiriproveinents in lileratnre and use- ful knowledge, as miieli belter connsillnrs than Your ever most all'eelionate nnele. Lady ilester desires her best compliments. The little cousin is well. LETTER XVI. Hoi»e ( .sl( eined of the bi'st aiilliorily in mailers inneli eoii- Iroverleil. We aru all well : Sir Richard is upon his legs and abroad again. Your ever nM'eetioimto uncle. LETTER XVII. lltiijr', nrir liimilri/, Min/ 11, \'tM. My dear nephew's obliging leder was evi ry way lno^■l pleasing; is I hail more lb in bigini lo think II longsliier I had till >alisfiielion id' hearing he was well. As llie season of liumidily and lela.xallon is now alinosl over, I Irnst that the muses are in no danger of in rvoiis coin, plaints, and llial wliali vi r pains they have lo lell are mil of the reach of Esenlapins, anil not dangerous, Ihotigli t pideniii'.il to youth al lliis soft iiionlh — " When lavish iialme, In her best allirc, ('lollies the gay spring, the seiisim of disiie." To l«' serloin, I hope my dearest nephew is pi rfiilly IVi" from all returns of liis former eiiinpliinl, ami i imblrd by an iinailing body, and an ardeiil eli'Vided mind, (o fo|. biw, (jnoleiii li'slis sapii iida dneeri t; " \\ hen vi r diviiii : iloMi ' li.ill b ad llni ." \\\ buliilayi: are now appioaeli ingiiuiU llon^r lu licnr iiuiiitlhiiigul'y">i> labuui.<,whii li I doubt not, will prove In (heir eonseipienee more |ii.,|:| able lo yi ur eoimtry a i'vw years hence than your im. ele's. i{e so good lis lo let me know what jiii gres^ vi.ii have made in our historical and coiislitiitional joiiiin , that 1 may suggest to you some liirlber reiidhig. Yours most airceliunilelv. LETTER XVIII. Ildijrn, Oft. 7, l"/."ji;. I tliliik It very long since I heard any tlil«ig of im dear iie|)liew's health and learned oecnpalioiis at tin- i;i., tlier of arls and seieiices. Pray give me the plea:-iiii ,i: a leller soon, and be so good as lo li;l me know wli.il pi gress is made in our plan of reading. I am now lu iii;il„ a rec|nest lo yon in behalf of a young gentleman eaialn- lo C;anibriilge, Mr. 's son. The father desires iniic'i that you and his son may iiiake an aeqiiahili;iii'i : ;„ what liillier wonUI not? Mr. is one of Ilie li,. friend:: I have in the worbl, and nothing can oble.;i' i,„ more than that you would do all in your power In I, , assist.iiiee and advantage to the yoiiog man. lb ii , good parts, good nature, and amiible i|ualities. Mr , yinnig, and consei|iieiitly iiiueh depends on llie lir.i habits he forms, whether of appliealion or ilissl|Mii. ;, You see, my dear nephew, what it is already In li n, made yourself I'rineeps .(uvenltilis. Il has its i;liiri. mil its cares. You are invested with a kind of piiMi charge, and the eyes of (he worM are u|ioii ymi, n..l i.il, for your own aeipilttal, but fur the examide and p.ill, n to the Jh'ilish yonlli. My dear nephew, most alU'Cliouatcly year.-. LETTER XIX. Si, Jamm's W/i(i(;t, 0(7. 27, I7.">7. My dear nephew — IncUiscd is a letter from wliieh came in one lo me. I heartily wish the eoiiltiil- 1 may be agreeable lo you. I am far from Is'ingsatislied, my dearest neiilie\v,\\lr' Ihe aecoiml your last letter to iiiy sister gives of y r I health. I had forined Ihe hope ofyour ceasing to i« m invalid Islore this lime; but since you iiiusl snbiuil i be one for Ibis winter, I am comforted lo liml ym sdenglh is not impaired, as it used lo I. •, by the ntin,: . of illness you soinelimes feel; and I trust the fX(««\ pi. vernment yon are under, and the forlilnde and nviiJ, resignation you are possessed of, will carry ymi »i5 llirongli this trial of a young man's palienee, anil liiiii; oil on) in spring like gold, the bi Iter for the proMl! I .:'jtiiee to hear yon have a friend of great iiieni In I- with yiiu. Aly wariiiest wishes for yiair heallli and lii|.| piness never liiil to follow yon. Lady Hester ile>lii>l»:l best coniplinienls. Ilelieve me, Willi the tri'esl alleclioli, ever year.- KNP or TIIK LKTTKItS. WACOrsTA, A T.\l.K OF IlKniOIT A.\U .MK'IIIM.t.MACKI.VAl'. Hj/tlieaulhotu/Eniili, Luiidini: 1631). "It is a enrioiis lint, that so popular an aullmr :n M; Cooper has hllhiTio met with no ri\aN. 'I'lie fnsi lliii.' lliat usually li.ippeiis In a meeessful v.rib r, is In It me. wlielined wllli I'nllowers : perhaps the lUillior iil' II' "Spy" avcililed ihi^, by the iinKiiuwii land on «liirli ! I his mark. An English aiKinliirer has iinw, lidt.l IT, eiiternl on his track, and we iiiiisl say \i itii L'f.ll spirit. 'I'lie first volumes of Wacon.^la are eveeeilli'jlil i.noil, and the interest eviili d iilsinl Ihe lonely giirriNjT IS well snstalni'd; bill the lii.-.lory of Waeoiisla liiii borders a lillle on (lie In probalae, but all llie < i purl is real and niilinaleil. Among the mosi t-tilhi;! passages, we would nienllon the .eeiies on l«.iiri! li' III oner, the Iri.il of IIk sinliiiel, anil the ilisiiairyiil Ihe Uiily. 'J'he plot is l.iid ill Canudi sonii) scvi nl} yivJ Ign, "We now liir the full gralifie illoii of (In ii eini.'!'lljrt| fer our readers lollie work ilstll'." — Imittaii l,il.(vt:if\ Wncoiisia will be rntiiinenct'il hi tlir next niiialirt i* lhe"Llbr.rv." /'iKifiDM— III llie 'VM\ line ofChiip. V. ol'Ihe .M(ii»*| ef roiliii.i licauliatiiaif, lor 177!l riad I'l )''. Note Althoiigii till ! preat favour by this country, w I more familiar v can be best tcs i taken as a whi I very superior ) oiil, it has few style and langii I compelled on a i Iditahlc lo the au I in B field so aucc I is the more rcnia (iiullior of "Ecart ch the gainiii liJiwIpaliniis were lionlrasled with 11 .\ few cursory i piirt's ol' the couni ciils I.J laid, niaj jtlild volaiiie. Wiiliout cnlorin ■nay be iieei.'ssary i bf tlie iiiutliwesten laicliliiae, a name ry tlie .Anierieans, ' Il ia situated al the rai, and adjacent Jiiiti'llieevlsteneei ^'palilie, an EiiglisI iii'iv of keeping i lie lakes we deseei; lira, iliseiiibiiguiiH j 'lil.H again reiiders |r river, not less tin iMifriwIvely wideiii >.>1 la llie liiMiitiful Jt'liiislallerlalieeoii liiaitlierelebrity of loiian iinpisKiriile b yicr.srver llie other III' r.'iante liirln'sseu llA ili.tlai f ,1 )(., Ily eill|l|j|.H il:«,|C r lill' if.irifeoiu Am riiiily of llii.4 mag liai'd «l. I. iwreneo I r"iii;li a vast tract ( Mi'l'liuiiiplain, cele kli'Jl (if Ihe llrliisli ( AniiriijiM. rriii' wvei.il fort, „, ^ tuink ol' the St. Li pn "flhr nmi.h po» fniili.iirc ncrenmiril- K*:» "BRins — l' lire iiiori' lunl';! . IImii your uii. Idliiiiial jiiiuiuy, allci:liiji>alc.ly. ■s, Oil.', I'l.Vi. any tl'W'S "'' I"} Kilious at llii' i:i" ic kniiw wlial \ln.'i)lic\v,wil'' Hiskr t!'^'''* "'' >■"'" I •our r-fUKint; lo W a you must »nl>ii»l ' nlortrd )■' I'""' >"i« I |to !>', l>y lli'T'l"."' I Irnsl tla' «"'>il P'- . lortilndc and nviiili | will carry yn «i!i |H [.alirmr, a'ldi'l"'- Idr lor llio I'f""'' ' ' ,1- ^rcal nifiil '" '■ yonr liiallli iind In;. Ily |U'»li.Ttl''.-i">'"' r. tlion, tJvir )'•""■ llll.l.IMACKl>.»<'. liar an aullior ;i' M: \it\-. 'I'lic riii.Uliii;| I v.ril'r, iHlol' '" ll.c laillior ol In land on «lii'li W^2LBlffi^fiJ__OT^^^ (01IB(SgWliii^Eir(^ lilUm^IB^; nrci' nu« ' inw, llii«.| VOL. !• PIIILAnRLPHIA, APRIL 16, 1833. JVO. 14. Pkintku and PuflLisiiKP BY AD.AM VVAhDIK, No. 0, NoK'iii I'JKiinii rthi:kt, I'ltn.ADi^i.i'iiu — At $5 fur 5'.! ntiiiilirrs, pnyiibli: in ndvanci^. rilEOMX N. WOOD & CO. OnciKRELLeHK, Haltimork, nn.' Agoiiia for the slates of Maryland, Virgin n, and Ohio, nnd the city of New Orleans. OR, TIIK PROPHECY: A TALK OF DETROIT AND .MICHILLI.MACKI.NAC. ' Venginncp i» still nll\ ■ ; frnin her dnrk coven, Willi nil III r i-nakfn em I npun hiT crest, Hhe utalks in viuw, and tires ine with hei charms." The Hrvtnge. BY THE AUTHOR OF "ECARTE." DEDICATED TO TIIK FORTY-KmST BRITISH KEGIME.NT BY ONCE SHARER IN THEIR SERVICE. lOll^l Wiy V. illl!;";l| In.Ma arii">'M''i'";; III,' loni'ly !!•""■ If Wacoiiila liiiii' I, liiit uU ll"' '■''"] If, llu' 111"'' '■>"''"■ "i cnc" on '"»'"' '^',1 Jllld 111!' diKloMiylj I .ll'llllil (1111"^'')" I [im.don /,.(.'.'";'•"] llir ne^l mnaki' V. I'l'llii Mtn**! [.ulivr'. Note to the first American edition. Mthough tlio Ibliowinj; work lias boon received with great lavour by tlie reading public in England, it is in this country, wlicre the scene is laid, and where wo ore more tUmiliar with the Indian character, that its merits can be best'tcsted. Though not without defects, yet, i (akeu OS a whole, we think it will be pronounced a very superior production. For deep interest through- I oiil it has few rivals of the modern school, anil the style and langunge are in general excellent. Wo feel 1 compelled on a second perusal to consider it highly ere- I dilalilo io the author, and an earnest of still higher flights I in a field so successfully trodden by our own Coojier. It ! the iinre remarkable as coming from tho pen of the Inullior of'Ecarte, or the Siloons of Paris," a work in I which the gaining houses of the French capital, and its Idisiijiations were the subjects — scones which are strongly Ifontraslcd with those here jiortraycd. '..•HAPTER I. INTROtlUCTORV. A few cursory remarks, illustrative of the general fea- llurea of tlie country where the scene of the Ibllowing kvents h laid, may not be mispiaced at the opening of lliii volume. Witliout oiilerini; into minute geographical detail, it kiiay be iieeossury iiiurely to state that the most di^tiiiit hi' ihe iioitliwestern settlenieiits of America is Michilli- liiicliinae, a iiiiino given by the Indiann, and preserved , llie .Xiiicrieans, who ikissckh the Ibrl even to this hour. II is situuU'd at tile he.id uf the Lakes Michigan and Hu- n, mid adj iii'iit to Ihe Island of St. Joseph's, where, iki' ihe exisleiiee of Ihe I'liili'd States as all inilepenileiil V|mblie, an I'iii^lish garrison has been inuintained, w ith )vii'«' of keeping Ihi; original fortress in check. From llif lakes HO descend into Ihe River Sinclair, v\liiili, in dlseiiibo;.Mies itself into the lake of Ihe same name. I'lili uK.iiii renders tribute lo the Delroil, a broad niajes- I' river, not less than a mile in brendlli at lis soiiree, and |Mi;resslvi'Iy wiileniiig towards its iiionlh iiiilil it is finally Vt ill the lie.mtiful Lake Erie. From the eniboiielmre ll't!j|s latter lalt'' eoinmeiiei's tliet'hippawa, iH'lter kiiowi iinllieei leliiity of ila stuiH'tidoiisfallsof Niagara, which liiiii im imp issiilile barrier to the seaman, and, for a sliorl , sever llie otherwise niiinlerrupted eliain eonneelinir tTcniole fortresses wo have described witli tin' Atlaiilie. Lt a disliiiiee of a li'w miles from the lalls, the ('liipp:iwn IUein{>lii'H il:opnlation, protected in its most tlourisliing and defensive points by stockade forts ; the chief object of wTiieh was to secure the garri- sons, consisting eiieh of a few companies, tVom any sud- den surprise on Ihe part of the natives. These stockade forts were never, at any one period, nearer to each otlur than from one hundred and ilHy lu two hundred miles, so thnl, in the event of surpriic or ninrin, there was little prospect of obtniniiig assislaiice from without. Each garrison, Ihereliire, was almost wholly dependent on its own resources ; and, when sur- rounded unexpectedly by nnnierims bands of hostile In- diaiis, had no other nllernnlive llinn to hold nut lo the death. Capitulallofl was out of the question; for,allliongh the wile and arliliee of the natives mii;ht iliduec them lo promise mercy, Ihe moiiient their em iiiii s were in their power promises and Irenlies were alike broken, nnd iii- diseriiiiinnle niassiiere ensiled. Communiinlion by water w,t«, I'xeepl during a |K'riod of profonml pence, nlinoi.| iiiipraelienble ; for, nltliougli of lale years the lakes of Ciiiiaila have been eoverid willi vessels of war, ninny "I lliem of vast inngniliide, anil lueii the Iheaties of eon- lliets Ihat would not have ilis^'raced the salt wnlers of iieeaii itself, at llie peiiid to wliieh our story refers tin ling of I'liiglanil was si'eti lo wave only on the solitary mast of some ill-nriiieil and ill. manned gun boat, employed rallier for the purpose of conveying despnlehes from fort lo Ibrl, than with any seiioiis view lo acts either of ag- greshion or defence. In |iro|Hirlion us the colonies of Ameries, now the United .Slates, pushed tin ir course of eivilis-jlion ttesl- waril, in the same degree did the iiimierous tribes of In. Hans, who had liilherlo dwelt inore seaward, ictire upon those of their own eoimlrymeii, who, Imried in vast nnd im|icnclrnbli' forests, hud seldom yet seen Ihe flice of tin Enro|M'nn strnoiier; so thai, in Ihe end, nil Ihe iiiorr central psrts of those slii|K'ndons wilds lireume doubly |S'opled. liilherlo, however, that ci\ilisntion had not Iweii carried Is'yond llir st,i(e of New York ; nnil all those countries wliieli linve, since the American rerolution, iH'en added lo the Union under the imnirs of Kentucky, Ohio, Missouri, Miehignn, Ac, wrrr, at the prrio:V!;tl • 1 t',.' ^'■tiCA^ I .;^i .(■ .,'■>' 'A* ', ■■ -^i t jr- ■',*5 l''f ':m mi ■"4 210 WACOU8TA, 0;j THE PKOPJIECY. til F'l/'^v'i. '4*': :■ h* a strong nnd triple lino of picliets, cacti of about two fcut and a half in circumference, and so fitted into each other as to leave no other iiitcrsiiees than those which were perforated for the discharge of musketry. They were formed of the hardest and most knotted jiines tlint could be procured ; the sharp points of which were seasoned by fire until Ihcy acquired nearly the durability and con- ■isteney of iron. Beyond tlieso firmly imbedded pickets was a ditch, encircling the fort, of about twenty feet in width, and of proportionate depth, the only communica- tion over which to and from the garrison was by meims of a drawbridge, protected by a strong chcvaux-dc-frise. The only gate with which the fortress was provided faced the river; on the more immediate banks of which, and to the left of the fort, rose the yet infant and straggling vil- l;ige that bore the name of both. Numerous farm-lKiuscs, however, almost joining each other, contributed to Ibrni a continuity of many miles along the borders of the river, l)oth on the riglil and on the left; while tlie opposite shores of Canada, distinctly seen in llic distance, presented, as fir OS the eye could reach, tlio same enlivening character of fertility. The banks, covered with verdure on either shore, wero more or less undulating at intervals ; but in j;cn"ral they were high without being abrupt, and pic- turesque without being bold, presenting, in tlicir partial cultivation, a striking contrast to tlic dark, tall, and frowning forests bonnoint of the continent which iiiimediutcly faced the eastern extremity of the island we have just named and the town of Detroit, llowed a small tributary river, the ap|iroaehes to which, on either hand, were over a ulighlly sloping ground, the view of which couM be en- tirely commanded from the fort. The depth of this river, now nearly dried up, at that period varied from three to ton or twelve feet; and over this, at a distance of nliout twenty yards from the Detroit, into which it emptied it- B< If, rose, communicating with the high road, a bridge, which will more than once lie noticed in the course of our tale. Even to the present hour it retains the name given to it during these' disastrous times; and llieie are few modern Ciinudinns, or even .Americans, who traverse tlie " iiloo tragic events of those days, (handed down us they have been by their fathers, who were eye-witnesses of the transa<'li(in,) and peoplhig the surrounding gloom with tlie shades of those whose life-lilood erst criinsDiied Ihi- miec^ pure w atirs of thai nnw nearly exhausted stream; and whose mangled and headless corses were slowly borne by its tranipiil eiir- reut inio llie Isi-iMin of the parent liver, where all traces ol tlii'Mi llinlly clisapprareil. What Detroit was in 17(!3 it nearly Is at Ihn prescnl day, with llii< diH'creiie •, liimeMr, tlial iraiiy nl' tlm-i' jHiints whii li were then in a great ile^ree isnlitdl ii;id rucli! „ie now reilulent with llie bini fi( ent elVeets of iiii- pnived eullivalioii ; ami In Ihe i.nin( iliale vieinily of thai miiuoralile liridgi', where f()rin<'rly flood merely the oe- ea^i iwcrfiil ami vindlolivo fiw, that a eaiitlon nnd vigi. Unc I 01° no eoiniiion kind were uneeasingty ex- reised hy the prudent governor ibr tho safely of Ihoso conimil- lud to his ehnrge. A Iomi; scries of himlililie.4 Iind iH'cn pursued by Ihv Nurtli .\iiierictiii Iiidimis ugiiinst the subjecta of England, within tho few years that had buc- cceded to the final subjection of tlic Conadas to her vic- torious arms ; and many and sanguinary were the con- flicts in which the devoted soldiery were made to succumb to the cunning and numbers of their savage enemies. In those lone regions, both olliccrs cnil men, in their re- spective ranks, were, by a eommunionship of suffering, isolation, and peculiarity of duty, drawn towards eeame pro|)ortioned to tlie danger willi which they knew themselves to he more immediali'ly beset. The garrison of Uetruit, at the dale above nunied, consisted of u third of the reg'.iient, the remainder of which occupied the forts of Mieliilli- nittckinac and Niagara, and to each division of this regi- ment was attached an officer's command of artillery. It is true that no i.iiiiiediiite evert act of hostility had for some lime been perpetrated by the Indians, who were assembled in force around the former garrison ; hut the exiK'rieneed officer to whom the command hud been in- trusted was too sensible of the craftiness of the surrouiid- ng hordes to be deceived, hy any outward semblance of amity, into neglect of those measures of precaution wliicli were so indispensable to the surity of his trust. In this lie pursued a line of policy happily adapted to tlic delicate nature of his position. Unwilling to excite tho onger or wound the pride of the chiefs, liy any out- ward manifestation of dislrnsl, he olVeeted to confide in the sincerity of their iirofessions, and, by inducing his otticers to mix occasionally in their councils, and his men in tho amusements of the inferior warriors, con- trived to impress the conviction that he re|iosed alto- gether on Iheir luitli. But, although these acts were in some degree coerced liv the necessity of the times, and a jierfeet knowledge of all the misery that must accrue to them in the event of their provoking the Indians into acts of open hostility, Ihe piiKlent govi rnor took sueli precautions us were ileeiinil ellieient to defeat any treiuheroiis attempt ul violation of the tueit Iriiily en Ihe part of the natives. 'J lie olheers never ventured out, unless eseorUd by a porlinii of their men, who, altliough appearing to be dispersed iiiming the warriors, still kept siillieii nlly together to be ( iiabled, in n monient ofeiiier- geiiey, to alVord siieeiair not only to each other, but to Ihfir superiors. On these oceasiiins, lis a further secu- rity against surprise, Ihe Inn |is lel\ within wire iiistruel- ed to be in readiness, at a nioiiienl's warning, to render assi.-.tani e, it' necessary, to tlirir eoMipr.niiiiis, who sel- dom, on liny oieasion, vinlured out i* reach of the can- iWiii of the fiirt, llii' gate of whiili was herinelieally closed, while iiiiiiKrous siiperiiiiiiii'rary senliiiils were jHisted iiliiiig tlie ranipai'ls,. villi a \ii'W togi\c' tlie nl inn if any thing < \traiirdiiiary was observed to oei nr witliout. I'liiiiliij nnd l^1ras^illg 11s were thi^ preeaiitloiiH it was nuiiid nerrssary to ixli pt on these 01 easions, and litth' lii'siiiiiis ns were llu' garrison to miiijle with the natives on su'h linns, still l.'u' plan uas piir-.ued by the ^nver- iiorfiMii Uiv jioliiy uli'i illy iiameil : nay, it was nli.o- liili Iv essniliiil to tlic Culuie inUrcKts of Kngliind tliat tlic iiidian sliniild he won over by uits of cntilid.nee and kiiidiicss; anil -.o little ilispiisilinn had hlllicrlo Ixcn iiianifisti d by tlu' r.-iu'li-li to eimcili.jc, that i m ry lliin;; waM 111 be npprehcnilcil from llie luilaiiie.ilile ram cur with ivliiih lliese people were but Ino will disposed lo repiy a 11 ^leet nl omo galling to their pride and iiijii. i.aiM lo 111! ir iiitcrcstf, Sill li, fur n term of many months, hnd littn tho trying and piiiifiil duty that bail devolved nti tlin j^nvi riior cil I) triiil; wlun, in the suminir of I'll.'!, the ulmle of the west! rn tribes of Indians, as if nitiiatcd by nne eniiiiiuin impulse, HMil.lciily threw olf the mask, nnd coiiiiiieiieeil a seriiH ill" ihr must suvage trespasses upon llic I'.iiglisli selllrrs ill the vieinily of llie n urnl garrisons, whowi re cut off ill detnil, witliout inerey, and without reference lo either uge or sex. Oii the lii>t ularin the wink bndiis of Irooiis, ns a last measure of security, shut themselves up in their n'Sjiedivo fiirls, where lliry were as inenpn- l.lc of rendering nssislnneu to otliers us of receiving it lliemselves. In this cineri[cney the prudincQ and lore thought of tho governor of Detroit wcro eminently (^n. spiciiuiiB; fer, hariiig long foreseen tho possibilitv of rueh a crisis, he had canred a plentiliil supply of uHHigt was necessary to the subsistence and defence of llic j-jf. lison to be provided at an earlier period, so that, if I'oJlfj in their attempts at stratagem, there was little elianct that the Indians would speedily reduce them hy funiine, 'I'o (funrd against tlic former, a vigilant watch was ten. slantly kept by tlie garrison both day and night, wlii;„ Ihe sentinels, doubled in number, were constantly on Die nierl. Strict attention, moreover, was paid to sueh purii of the rnmpnrts ns were considered most assnilalilo bj a cunning nnd midnight enemy ; and, in order to pre. vent any imprudence on the port of the garrison, [|; egress or ingress wns prohibited tlint had not the iiiin.t. diatc sinction of the chief. With this view the kcjg of the gnle were given in trust to the officer of the guard' to whom, however, it wns interdicted to use llicm unli-.i by direct nnd positive order of tiie governor. In addi. lion to this precaution, the sentinels en duty at the nti had strict private inti ructions not to suffer any eiu to pass cillier in or out unless conducted by the govcrnot in I'.erson : and this restriction extended even to the offi. cer of the guard. Such being tho cautious discipline estublished in Ijie fort, the appearance of a stranger within its walls at [y still hour of miihiight could not fail to be regarded an an extraordinary event, nnd to excite an upprchcnsiin which eould scnteely have been surpassed had a nuiiicr. ous and ormed bund of savages suddenly appujreil among them. Tlie first intimation of this foci «u given by the violent ringing of an alartmbell ; a rwi: coiiimunicnling with which wns suspended in the (jovn. nor's apartments, for the purpose of arousing the slum. Iiering soldiers in any case of pressing emcrgonrr. Soon afierwards tJie governor himself wns seen to m\x from his rooms into the opi'n area of tlic parade, clad in his dressing-gown, and bearing a lamp in one hand nj a naked sword in the other. His countenance was ft't- and his features, violently ngitutcd, betrayed a scurct of alarm whieli those who were familiar with his imi] 'laugliliiiess of manner were ill able lo comprelicnil. " Which way did ho go ? — why stand ye here ?— fo|. ow — pursue him quickly — let him not escape, on you lives I" These sentcnees, hurriedly and impatiently ul. tered, were addressed to the two sentinels who, sUitiomj I in front of his aparlmenls, hud, on the first sound ofl nlarni I'roni the portentous licll, lowered their miiskrlMol the charge, and now stood immoveable in that jiosilioB " Who decs your homnir inane?" replied one ofllitl men, startled, ytt bringing his arms to recover, in saliili. | lien of his eliief. " Why, the man — the stranger— the fellow who hul just - issed you." " Not a living soul has pa.««d ml since niir wnldi eomniineeil, your honour," olisirirdllnl second sentinel ; " und «e have now been here ii|nviiril ol" an hour." r " linpossilile, sirs : ye liavo Isen asleep on your \mi.\ or ye must have reeii him. He pnsseil this way, iiii<| cdiild not have esenpid your observation had ye hitnilT l( nlive lo your duly." I " Well, sure, nnd your honour knows hist," rriiiiwl ll.c first senlinel ; " liiil so hilp me St. IVitriek, nn I It ii'fd ninn nnd Imy in yi iir hdnour's rigiiiHiil ll, iwilve yenrs, not even the filch of n man hns passid rJ this Missed night. And here's my eomraile, Jiiik II. il'iil, who will take his Bible onlli lo the same, willi : line diliriiK e lo your honour." The pilhy reply In liaj elc.|ueiit iillem|it il exciil|)alion whb a brief " Siliiml sirrah, walk iilimit I" 'lie men bnniiilil their nmskels nnro ninrr, nul fih :11c, to the slioiildi r, end, in olici'i.iKe to Ilii' i'i| Miniid of till ir rliicf, rcMiiiiid their liiiiiled walk; a iiiir c ach i.tliiT al ngiilar intervals in the rniirn' it I iililadcd, as it were, lliu only 11. trance lo the govimi aparliiii'iils. ' .Mc.inwhilo every thing wns hustle nnd ennimnlJ lining the (,arrisiiii, who, iiiu.sid fnun sb'cp liyllicil I'nlliiig sound of tlic alarm hi II nt thai lute li(iiir,im lia-tily nriiiiiig. Tliriiii''li(int the ohseurity niithlli seen the Hitting liii ins ol men, wlin«i nlreiidy fiilltnl eiinlrcd |H'r.M.iiH priHliiiined tin in to he of tlir piii while in the lofty barrneks, minieroiis lights tlnnliinfj i.iid I'm, nnd moving with rapidity, nltested llie nkt^ Hitli which the Irisips off duly were equipping for » service d" more llinii urilinnry interest. SonoiselmM .U'^ this pre|iarulioii, ns fur ns s|H'ecli wns rmirnn tlinl Ihe oeensionnl opening nnd sliiitling of |iiiiii,ii| ringing of raiiiriMls lo niieirlnin the efmicniy uf (I iiiuslicts, iiiight Ih< heard illsllnetly in Ihe slillmin ofl| night ut n disluiuo uf many liirluii|;s. WACOITSTA, on THE mOPIlECV. ■0 ciiiiiicntly con. llio poasibilitv of tiiipply of lU'iIiji cfcncc of till' |;at. i, EC tliot, if I'oiM was little chniice • them by funiine. nl watch was ten. I and night, kU% } constantly on tlie i paid to such patu moist asunilaWi; bj id, in order to |irt. if the garrison, d; had not the innr.c. is view the keys of nicer of the guurd; to use (hem unlw | jTovcrnor. In aiii- en duty at ttic gaic ) snfTer any unc to I t'd by the govcrnoi idcd even to thi; uffi. c cstul.lishcd in llit | rithin its walls tl lb to be rcgiirded m an ito an nppichcnvioii passed had a numer. 1 suddenly apptural on of tins fact «u 1 n alurm»bf 11 ; a ro|«: xpended in the (rnvci. of arousing tlic slnm. pressing cmcrgfiifj. self was seen to isfue I of tlic parade, clad in I lamp in one hand ml jountenancc wts p«l»; I , betrayed a source d I miliar with hia m\\ | jIc to comprehend. y stand ye hero ?-fol. I im not escape, on you I Jly and impatiently «i. I sentinels who, Rttiliomi I Ion the first eoimd dl „ered their ninslirl»li| cubic in that imsiliot 1 I" replied one of Iht I ns to recover, in mIuU. : the fellow who hul Houl has parsed «l lionour," oliserMdtbtl ow been here npnitikl n atii> nlreiidv fulli 1,1 to !«• of ill"' C"" Trciiis liirbls tlanlimt |y, attexti il lli« ">» leie eiii|l •""' lirenl. So iHiiwlen [|H li was eomit 1 Bbiilling of l«i"; J the effleieneyiif ly ill the ■tillin'M <^' He however, who liad touched tlie secret spring of all this p'icturesiiuc movement, whatever might bo liis grati- fication and approval of tlio promptitude with which the Bumnions to arms had been answered by his brave troo|)3, was for from being wholly satisfied with the scene lie had conjured up. Recovered from the first and irrepressible agitation which had driven him to sound die tocsin of alarm, he felt how derogatory to his mili- tarv dignity and proverbial coolness of chariictor it mijrht be coiLsidered, to have awakened a whole garrison from iheir slimibcrs, when a few files of the guard would have answered his pur|mse eciually well. Desides, so niucli time had been suffered to ela|)se, that the stranger niit'lit have esca|)cd; and if so, how r.inny might be dis- posed to ridicule his alarm, and consider it as enianuting IVoin an imagination disturbed by sleiip, rather than eaiiaed by the actual presence e examined forthwith ; and cause a nuni- lier of Bilditional sentinels to be stationed along the ram- parts, in order to intercept his csca|)e." "Good heaven, is it possible ?" said the major, wiping the perspiration from hia brows, though the night was junusually chilly for the B<'a8oii of the year ; — " how [could he contrive to enter a place so vigilantly guarded/" "Ask nie nut Aow, HIackwttter," returned the govir- Inor, seriously ; " let it sulfico that he has luen in this lery room, and that ten minutes since he stood where fun now stand." The mujor looked aghast. — " Ood bless nie, how sin- fular! liow could the savage contrive to oblaiii ad- mission? or was he in reality an Indian /" " No niori jueslions. Major Illaekwjti'r. Ilasten to distribute the niu, and lit diligent search Im: made every wlierej nnil LCdlleet, neither olfieer nor man courts his pillow until lawn." The " major" emphatienlly prefixed to his name was HilVuiiiit hint to the stout ollieer that the doubts thus luiliarly expressed were here to ei-ase, and that be was ')x>w udilressed in the language of authority by his hu- I'flor, will) expected a ilireet and prompt eiimpliunee ritli his orders. He therelbre sliglilly louelii il liis hat sidutation, and withdrew In make the dis|Hisltiuns that id Isen I'lijoined by his enlonel. (In ri'Kaining the parade, he caused the men, already [icniinir into companies and uiiswering to the roll inll of rlr reK|Krlive ni>ii-enmmissii)ni'd olfieers, to Ik' wliicl- inlosiinare, and llien in n 1"W bnl dislinel v.ici ■till the cause of alarm ; and, having eiimmmiliali il ^e orilirs nf the governor, finished by reeomminiliiig I Jell the exereisi' of the most serutinl^•ing vigilance ; ns the ilisenvery of the iiiiliviihinl in iinisliim, ami tin i'ans hy wliieli he had ecintriveil lo prornre nclniissiim, I sufi'ly of the wlioh^ gn'rriHim, it was evident, niusi t{H'iid. The snliliirs now dispersed in small pirlies tlirimgh- |l the i»t( ih>r of the fort, while a silii't b"ily wire iidmli'il til the nimparls by the allain prrfi roiinl anil di'tinelion." 'I'lin eiMiversrtlion, iiitorriiplfil only by neenNional qiieationini; of the M'niuiel* whom tliry jmsied in their circuit, was carried on in an audible whisper, which the close approximation of the parties to each oilier, and tlio profound stillness of tlio night, enabled tlieni to hear with distinctness. When the conversation dropped, the party pursued their course in silence. They had just passed the Inst sentinel [rosted in their line of circuit, and were within a few yards of the immediate rear of tlie fortress, when a sliurp " Hist !" and sudden halt of their leader. Captain Dlcssington, threw tlieni all into an altitude of the most profound attention. " Did you hear ?" he asked in a subdued whisper, after a fi'W seconds of silence, in which he had vainly sought to catch a repetition of the sound. " Assuredly," he pursued, finding that no one answer. eil, " I dislinctly heard a human groan." " Where? — in w hat direction ?" asked Sir Everord and De Iluldimar in Ihe same luealh. " Innneditttely opposite to u.i on the common. Jhit see, here are the reniaintJer of tlie party stationary, and lisleniiig also." 'I'liey now stole gently forward k few paces, and were soon at the side of their companions, ill of whom wero straining their necks and bending tlicir heads in the atti- tude of men listening attenlively. "Have you heard anything, Erskinc?" asked (!ap. lain Klessingtoii in the same low whisper, and addrcss- ng the olfieer who led the op|)o»itc party. " Not a sound ourselves, but hero is Sir Everard'n black servant, Sambo, who has just riveted our attention, by declaring that he distinctly heard a groan towards the skirt of the common." " He is right," hastily rejoin- d UlcBsington ; " I heard it also." Again a death-like silence ensued, during which tho yes of the party v\ere strained eagerly in the jlircction of the common. Tho night was clear and starry, yet tlio dark shadow of the brood belt of forest threw all that |iart of tlio waste which came within its immediato range into impenetrable obscurity. " Do you see any thing I" whispered Valletort to his friend, who stood next liim ; " look — look I" and ho Diiinteil witli his finger. " Nothing," relumed De Iliil- diniar, alter an anxious guzo of a minute, " but tliut dilapidated old bomb-proof." ' See you not something dark, and slightly moving, immediately in a line willi the lel\ angle of the Isimb- proof?" Do Ilaldimar looked again. " I do be(;iii to fancy I see s'lmelhing," he riplied; " but so conluscdly mill indistiiiclly, that I know not whether it be not merely an illusion of my imagination. I'erhapa it is a biruy Indian dug (kvonruig the carcass of the wolf you shot yeslei'day." " He it d.ig or devil, liert! is for a trial of his vulncra- liility. Sambo, quick, iiiy rille." The youii^ negro liamled to his master one of llioso long heavy rifies, which the Indians usually make choici- of li>r killing the liufi'alo, elk, and other animals who^ wililness icnihrs them difficult of approach, lie then, unbidden, and as if tutored to thu ta.sk, placed hiiiisilfiii a si ill' upright position in front of his muster, with ivery iii'i've and muscle biaccd to the most inllexiblc steadiiu ss. The young olfieer next threw the tifie on Ihe right shoulder of the boy for n rest, and prepared lo lake his aim on the object that had first attracted his atteiilion. " .Make haste, niassa, — him go directly, — Suiiibo sec hill) g( t up." All was breathless nttention ninong the group of nfii- eein; anil when the sharp tii king sound prnduei d by the coeking of the riile of their eiimpanion fill on their ears, they bent Iheir gaze uisin the point towards « liii li the niinderous weaiwii was levelled witli tho most iiehiiiK and intense interest. "IJiiiek, quick, masso, — him quite up," again whi». IM'reil the lioy. The words bad scarcely pussed his lips, when llin crack of tlie ril'e, IhIImwciI by a brit'lil blaze of light, snuiiiled tlirouglioiil tho ilillness of thi' liiuht w illi e\- eitiiig sharpni'ss. For an ii..laiit iill was iiuslied; but searirly had the distant woimIs ceased to reverberule tho spiiit.slirring ei'hoes, when the anxious group of olfieers wire snrpr'seii and slnrtled by a sudden llnsli, llie report of II seeiinil rilie from the eoiiimon, and the v^ Iii7,/.tng of a bullet past Iheir ears. This was iiislanlly succeeded by a firree, wild, niid prolonged cry, expressive ut oneo of Irinnipb and ri venge, Il was that |ieculiar cry wliieli nn Indian utlera when the reeking scalp Imi iKcn wrested from his murdered victim. " Missed him, as I am a sinner," rxelaimrd Sir Tvp. rnrd, springing to his lii t, and knocking the bull of Ida iifie on the ground with a mnvemrnl of impnlienee. " SnmUi, yon young »eoundrrl, il wn» all your fliull,— ill P^m'^:^^')! 4 ■ ';''.;l' ,'v'''">'' ,■11.1 ' ' '', < .'.to* 'H 212 WACorsTA, on the prophecy. ■::Xi:> '■% 1'] you moved your shoulder as I pulled the trigger. Thank heaven, however, the aim ol" the Indian appears to have been no better, although the sharp whistling of his ball proves his picpe to have been well levelled for a random shot. His aim has been too true," faintly pronounced the voice of one somewhat in the rear of his companions, " The ball of the villain has found a lodgment in my breast. God bless ye all, my boys ; may your fates be more lucky tlian mine !" While he yet spoke. Lieuten- ant Murphy sank into the arms of BIcssington and De Ilaldimar, who had flot^n to him at tlie first intimation of his wound, and was in the next instant a corpse. CHAPTER III. " To your companies, gentlemen, to your companies on the instint. There is treason in the fort, and we had need of all our diligence and caution. Captain dc Hal- dimar is missing, and the gate has been found unlocked. Quick, gentlemen, quick ; even now the savages may be around u.f, though unseen." " Capfciin de Haldimar missing ! — the gate unlocked !" exclaimed a number of*oices. "Impossible! — surely wo are not Iretrayed by our own men." "The sentinel has boon relieved, and is now in irons," resumed the com- municator of tills startling picco of intelligence. It was the adjutant of the regiment. " .\way, gentlemen, to your posts immediately," said Captain BIcssington, who, aided liy IJc Haldimar, hastened to deposit the stiffening body of the unfortunate iMurphy, which they still supported, uiion the rampart. Then addressing the adjutant, " Mr. Lawson, let a couple of files be sent immediately to remove tlie body of tlieir officer." " That shot which I heard from the common, as I ap- proached, was not fired at random, then, I find," ob- served the adjutant, as they all now hastily descended to join their men, " Who has fallen ?" " Alurpliy, of the grenadiers," was the reply of one near him. "Poor fellow! our work commences birily," resumed Mr. Lawson : " Murphy killed, and Captain de Haldimar missing. We hud lew officers enough to spare belbre, and their loss will be severely felt ; I greatly fear, too, these casualties may have a tendency to discourage the men." " Nothing more easy than to supply their place, by promoting some of our oldest sergeantH," observed En- sign Delme, who, as well as the ill-fated Murphy, had risen from the ranks. " If they behave themselves well, the king will confirm their api>ointincnts." " But my poor brother, what of him, Lawson ? what have you leiirnt Connected with his disappearance ?" asked Charles de Haldimar with deep emotion. " No- thing satisfactory, I am sorry to say," returned the ad- jutant: '*in fact, the whole affair is a mystery which no one can unravel ; even at this moment the sentinel, Frank Halloway, who is strongly suspected of being privy to his disappearance, is undergoing b private ex- amination by your father the governor." " Frank llalloway I" repeated the youth with a start of astonishment ; " surely Hullowny could never prove a traitor, — md especially to my brother, whoso life he once saveil at the peril of his own." Tlic oflicers had now gained the parade, when the " Fall in, gentlemen, fall in," quickly pronounced by Major niackwater, prevented all further questioning on the part oftlie younger De Haldimar. The scene, though rircumsrribcd In limit, was picturesc|ue in ctfecl, and inriglit have been happily illustrated hy the (xMieil of the painter. The inimeditite area of the parade was filled witl) armed men, dislriliutid into three divisions, and forming, with their rcs|K)Ctivo ranks fueing outwards, as iiiaiiy sides of a hullow scpinre, Ihc mode of defence invariabfy adopted by the governor In all cases of sudden alarm. In a few miiinles fiom the falling in of the officers with their resjieclive companies, the clank of irons wns heard in the direction of the guard-room, and several forms were seen slowly odvancing into the area already occupied as we have doacrilxid. 'i'his party was proceeded by the Adjutant Ixiwson, who, advancing towards Major HhekwatPT, cninmimieated a message, that was followed by the eominand of the latter offleer tor the three divisions to lace in\yards. The officer of artillery also gave the word to his men to form lines of single files immediately in the rear of their re«|Miclive guns, leaving space ennugli for the entrance of the appmaehing party, which eon- ■iated I '' half a do»rn files of the guard, under a non- eommiasinned ollieer, and one whom manaeled limbs, rather thui his iinaccoutred uniform, ntti'itoil liim lo be not merely a prisoner, but a prisoner eontined for some serious and flagrant ottbnce. This party now advanced through the vacant quarter of the S(]uare, and took their stations immediately in the centre. Here the countenances of each, and particularly that of the prisoner, who was, if we may so term it, tlie centre of that centre, were thrown into strong relief by the bright glare of the torches, bo tiiat the features of the prisoner stood revealed to those around as plainly as if it had been noon day. Not a sound, not a niurniur, escaped from the ranks: but, though the etiquette and strict laws of military discipline chained all speech, the workings of the inward mind remained unchecked ; anil as they re- cognised in the prisoner Frank llalloway, one of tlic bravest and boldest in the field, and, as all had hitherto imagined, one of the most devoted to his duty, an irre- pressible thrill of amazement and dismay crept through, out the frames, and lor a moment blanched tlie cheeks o! those especially who belonged to the same company. On licing summoned from their fruitless search aller the stranger, to fiiU in witiiout delay, it hi.d been whispered among the men that treason had crept into the fort, and a traitor, partly detected in his crime, had been arre^ted and thrown into irons : but the idea of Frank Halloway being that traitor was the last that could have entered into their thoughts, and yet they now lichi^ld him covered with every mark of ignominy, and about to answer his high offence, in all human probability, with his life. With the olKcers the reputation of llalloway for courage and fidelity stood no less high ; but, while they secretly lamented the circumstance of his detalcation, tlicy eonld not disguise from themselves the almost certiiinty of his guilt, for each, as ho now gazed upon the prisoner, recol- lected the confusion and hesitation of manner ho had evinced when questioned by them preparatory to their ascending to the ramparts. Once more the suspense of the moment was interrupted by the entrance of other forms into the area. They were those of the adjutant, followed by a drummer, bearing his instrument, and the governor's orderly, charged with pens, ink, paper, and a book which, from its peculiar form and colour, every one present knew to be a copy of the articles of w.-ir. A variety of contending emotions passed through the breasts ot many, as they witnessed the silent progress of those jircparations, rendered pain- fully interesthig by the peculiarity of their position, and the wildness of the hour at which they thus found tlieni- selvcs assembled together. The prisoner himself was unmoved : he stood proud, calm, and fearless, amid tlie guard, of whom he had so recently formed one ; and though his eoimtenance was pale, as inueh, perhaps, from a sense of the ignominious character in which he appeared ns from more private considerations, still there was nothing to denote cither the iihjoetiiessof fear or the consciousness of merited disgrace. Once or twice a low sobbing, that proceeded at intervals from one of the bar- rack windows, caught his ear, and he turned his glance in that direction with a restless anxiety, which he exerteil himself in the instant allerwards to repress; but this was the only mark of emotion he belrnyed. The above dls|x)»ilinus having been hastily made, the adjutant and his assistants once more retired. Afler the lapse of a minute, a tall in irtinl-looking man, habited in a blue inilit:iry frock, and of handsome, though stern, haughty, and Intlcxilile features, entered the area. He wasliillowed by Miijor Hlackwatcr, the captain of artillery, and i^djlllant Lawson. "Are the garrison all present, Mr. Lawson 7 arc the officers all present /" "AllexeepI those of the guard, sir," replied the adjutant, Innching his hot with a subniission that was serupnimislv exacted on all nreasiona of duty hy his superior. The governor pis.^-ed his hand lor a nioinenl over hi brows. It Hccinrd to tiiose around him iis If ihc inenllon of thill guard Imd eiilled up reeollccllnns which gave bin: pain; and it iniglil Im> so, tiir Ills eldest son, t'.ipliii Frederick dc Haldimar, had eomrnnnded (he iruaril. Wnither he had disappeared, or in what inanuer, no one knew. "Are the artillery all present. Captain Weiitwortli /" aguin demanded the governor, al>er a inomtnt of silence, and in lils wonted firm anthorltnlive voice. All pri'sent, sir," rejoined the officer, flilloftiiig the cxannile of tho adjutant, and siiluting his chief, 'I hen lot a drum. head eoiirl-inartial Im assembled immediately, Mr. Lowson, and without roforcneo to the roster let the senior olfieirs Isi scleeted." I'lie adjutant went round lo the resiieelive divisions, snd in a low voice warned Ciptnin lllessingtnn, and the four senior subalterns, for that duly. One hy one the oHli'wrs, ns they woro severally called ni>on,' lell llieir places in the square, and sheathing their swords, strppcd into that part of the area appointed as their temporary court. They were now all assembled, ond Captain Blcs. sin^ton, the senior of his rank in the garrison, was pre. |Kirmg to odministcr the customary oaths, when ilio prisoner Halloway advanced a pace or two in front of hij escort, and removing his cap, in a clear, firm, but re. spectful voice, thus addressed the governor : — " Colonel dc Haldimar, that I am no traitor, as 1 have already told you, tlie Almighty God, before whom I swore allegiance to his majesty, can bear me wilnens, .\pjx;aranccs, 1 own, ore against me : but, so far from Itcing a traitor, I would have shed my lost drop of blood in defence of the garrison and your family. Colonel de Haldimar," ho pursued, after a momentary pau.sc, in which he seemed to be struggling to subdue the emotion which rose, despite of himself, to his throat, " I repeat, I am no traitor, and 1 scorn the imputation — but here is my best answer to the ehurgc. This wound, (nnd he unbuttoned his jacket, opened his shirt, and disclosed t I'eep sear u|)on his white chest,) this wound 1 received in defence of my captain's lite at Quebec. Hnd I not loved him, I should not so have exposed myself, neither but lor that should 1 now stand in the situation of shame and danger, in which my comrades behold me." Every heart was touched by this appeal — this bold and manly appeal to tlie consideration of the governor. The oflicers, cspeciolly, who were fully conversant with the general merit of Halloway, were deeply affected, and ('liarlcs de Haldimar — the young, the generous, the feeling Charles de Haldimar, — even shed tears. "Whatmeanyou, prisoner ?" interrogated the governor, after a short pause, during which ho appeared to be wcltli. ing and deducing inferences from the expressions just uttered. " What mean you, by stating, but for tliat (al. luding to your regard lor Captain de Haldimnr) von woiddnotnow be in Ihissituationof shame and danger '" The prisoner hesitated a moment ; and then rejoined, but in a tone that hail less of firmness in it than before,- " Colonel do Haldimar, I am not at liberty to state mv meiuiing ; for, though a privote soldier, I resjicct mv word, and have pledged myself to secrecy." ' I " You respect your word, and have pledged yourwlf I to secrecy ! \Vliat mean you, man, by this rhodoinontadp' f To whom can you have pledged yourself,- and for what, unless it be to some secret enemy without the walls' I Gentlemen, proceed to your duty : it is evident that Ike | man is a traitor, even from his own admission. On r life." he pursued, more hurriedly, and speaking in an i under tone, as if to himself, " the fellow has been bribtii by, and is connected with ." The name csca|*l not his lips; for, oware of the emotion he was bctriiyinp, he suddenly checked himself, and assumed his wonltJ stern and authoritative beuring. Once more the prisoner addressed the governor in the same clear firm voice in which he had opened his up. peal. "Colonel dc Haldimar, I have no connection withinv living soul without the fort ; ond again 1 repeat, I am no traitiir, but a true and loyal British soldier, as my sorvini in this war, and my comrades, can well attest. Still, 1 seek not to shun that death which 1 have braved a doKi times at leost in the regiment. All thnt I a«ki!, that 1 nny not be tried— thnt 1 inoy not have the shamf of hearing sentence pronounced ngaini^t mr i/H ; M If nothing should occur before eight o'clock to vindicili my ihiirneter from this disgraro, 1 will ofter up no liirllin prayer for mercy. In the name of that life, tlicroforf, which 1 once preserved to t'aptnin de Haldimnr, atlhi price of my own blood, I entreat a resp'te from trio! until then." " III the name of God and all his nngcls, lit iiimr rcneli your soul, and grant his pr.iyer I" F.viry ear was startled — every heart touched liylli<| plaintive, mi lanehnly, silver tones of the voice Hint (mm pronounced the last appi'al, nnd all recognised it Ihrllull of theyoung, interesting, nnd attached wiie of the priwnn Again the litter turned his gaze tnwords the wliidoii whince the sounds proceeded, and by the glare o('ll« torches n tear was distinctly seen by many coiinind down his miinly cheek. The weakness was nioMicnlun In the next instant he closed his shirt and lont, «i resnmiiljf his cap step|M>d bock once more amid his guild where he rcmiiined sUtinnnry, with the air of mie»l« having nothing further lo ho|M), hus resolved to pniia»| the worst that can liap|x-n with resignation and (»• llliiile. After the ln|we of a (l-w moments, ngoin devnleoW iiiiirh npimrent deep thought and eoiijeetiire, the gnvrniK once more, and rather hurriediv, resumed,- •III the event, prisoner, of^tliii dclny in your l»| Ur WACOUSTA, OU THE PUOPHECY. 21.} r swordB, stopped their temporary ind Captain BIcs. rarrison, wbf pre. oatlie, when Iho wo in front of hi« jar, firm, but re. nor : — traitor, as 1 luvj 1, before whom 1 bear me witnens. but, 80 fur from last drop of bW iinily. Coloni'l dt nentary pause, in ubdue the emotion hroat, " I repeat, I ation — but here is lis wound, (nnd he irt, and disclosed a wound I received icbcc. Had I nol icd myself, neither i situation of shame ehold me." ipcal — this bold md ■ it the governor. The h ^ lonvcrsant with the eeply affected, and the generous, the ihed tears, ogatcd the govcmn, ppcared to be weigh. the cjipressions just ing, but for thnt (a!. de Haldiinnr) you shame and danger '" t ; and then rejoined, s in it tlian hefore,- it liberty to state my oldier, I resiKct my cerccy." ave pledged yourfelt ythisrhodomontadf! )urpelf,- and for what, without the walls' it is evident that the admission. On ray and speaking in la 'Uow has been bribed The name escaped Inn he was bclriiyinj, assumed his wonted ll the governor in the I had opened hii ap. I J connection with ant L lain I repeal, I am no I oldier, as iny sorvicti I well attest. StrtUi have braved a doiea I , All that I nukikl not have thi: sham I igaimt mo H'l; «l| ]l o'clock to vindicslil lillofterupnol'urlhrti f that life, thcrelml ide Hnldimar, allhtl Icsp^te from trial until I lis angels, nt iiif"!l lieart louehcd bytln Itlio voice Ihiit fninllM Irecdgniscd it Iwlhill llwileofthi priwnni Howards 111'' windofl 1 by the glare of tin I by many ro\tr»i«|l jicRS was nin'iientjt; I Inliirt and lont, uil Viore amid hin |("e:int-inajor DIetsnn was seen repairing, with hmg knd liiiaty strides, tu the barrack whence tlio voice pro- iili'd, and the interruption was heard no more. Moaiuvhile the otBeers, who had iK'tii summoned from r.uilis for tho purpo.'e of forming the court-martial, ^ill lingered in tlio centre of tho a(|U«re, opparcntly vaitiaK fur tho order of their superior, before they should Miiini' their rospflclive stations. As the (|uiek and com- krehemive glance of (^oloiirl do Hnldlmir now rmbraecd the group, he at once became sensible of tho absence of one of the seniors, all of whom he had desired should be selected for the court-martial. " Mr. I.awson," he remarked, somewhat sternly, as the adjutant now returned from delivering over his pri- soner to Ensign Fortescue, " I thought I understood from your report the officers were all present !" " I believe, sir, my report will be found perleetly cor- rect," returned the adjutant, in a tone which, without being disrespectful, marked his otTcnded sense of the im- plication. " And Lieutenant ]\Iurphy " " Is here, sir," said the adjutant, pointing to a couple of files of the guard, who were bearing a heavy burden, and following into the sipiare. "Lieutimanl Alurphy," he pursued, " has been shot on the ramparts ; and 1 have, as directed by Captain Blessington, caused the body to be brought here, th.-it I may receive your orders re- specting tiic interment." As he B|>okc, he removed a long military grey cloak, which completely enshrouded the corpse, and disclosed, by the light of the still brightly flaming torches of the gunners, the features of the un- fortunate Murphy. " How did he meet his death ?" enqnired the governor ; without, however, manifesting the slightest surprise, or appearing at all moved at the discovery. " By a rifle shot fired from tho common, near the old bomb proof," observed Captain Blessington, as the adju- tant looked to him for the particular explanation he could not render himself. " Ah ! this reminds me," pursued tho austere com- mandant,—" there was a shot fired also from the ram- parts. By whom, nnd at what ?" " By me, sir," said Lieutenant Valletorf, coming for- ward from the ranks, " and at what I conceived to be an Lidian, lurking as a spy upon the common." " Then, Lieutenant Sir Everard Valletorf, no repeti- tion of these firings, if you please ; and let it be borne in mind by nil, that although, from the peculiar nature of tho service in which we arc engaged, I so far depart from the established regulations of tho army as to |)crmit my ofticers to arm themselves with rifles, they are to be used only as occasion may require in tlie hour of con- fliel, and not for the purpose of throwing a whole garri- son into alarm by trials of skill and dexterity upon sha- dows at this unseasonable hour." " I was not aware, sir," returned Sir Everard proudly, and secretly galled at being thus addressed liefore the men, " it could be deemed a military crime to destroy an enemy at whatever hour he might present himselt', and cii|>ecially on such an occasion as the present. As for my firing at a shadow, those who heard the yell that tbilowed the second shot, can dc^termine that it came from no shallow, but from a fierce nnd vindictive enemy. Theially harali and unkind by every one present; and a low and almost in- a :.lible murmur passed through the company to which Sir Everard was attached. For a minute or two that ofiicer also oppearcd deeply pained, not more from the re- proof itself than from thi; new light in which the obser- vation of his chief had taught him to view, for the first lime, the causes that had led to the fall of Murphy. Finding, however, that the governor had no further re- mark to address to him, he once more returned to liis station in the ranks. " Mr. Lawson," resumed the commandant, turning to the adjutant, " let this victim be carried to the spot on which he fell, and tlicre interred. I know no better grave for n Rolilicr than beneath the sod that has l)een moist- ened with his 'ulood. Kecolleet," he continued, us tho adjutant once more led the party out of the area, — "no firing, Mr. Lawson. Tlie duty must be silently jwrform- ed, and without the risk of provoking a forest of arrows, or a shower of bullets, from the savages. Major Black v^'ater," ho pursued, as soon as the corpse had been re. moved, " let Ihe men pile their arms even as they now stand, and remain ready to fall in at a minute's notice. Should any thing extraordinary happen before the morn- ing, you will, of cour;;'-, apprise me." He then strode out of tho area with the same haughty and measured step that l.ud characterised his entrance. " Our colonel docs not appear to be in one of his most amiable moods to.niglil," oljserved Captain Blessington, as the officers, after having disposed of their res|)cetivo companies, now proceeded along the ramparts to assist at the last funeral oflices of their unhappy associate. " He was disposed to be severe, and must have put you, in some measure, out of conceit with your favourite rifle, Valletort." "True," rejoined the baronet, who had already rallied from the momentary depression of his spirits, " he hit me devilish hard, I confess, and was disposed to display more of the commanding oflieer than quite suits my ideas of the service. His words were as caustic as his looks; and could both have pierced mo to the quick, there was no inclhiation on his part wanting. By my soul \ could .... but I forgive him. He is tho father of my friend : nnd tor that reason will I chew the cud of my mortification, nor sufl'cr, if possible, a sense of hia iinkindness to rankle at my heart. At all events, Bles- sington, my mind is made up, nnd resign or exchange it certainly siiall the in.slant I can find a decent loup-hou; to creep out of." Sir Everard fiincied the car of his captain was alone listening to these expressions of his feeling, or in nil pro- bability he would not have uttered them. As ho con- cluded the la^t sentence, however, he felt his arm gently grasped by one who walked n pace or two silently in their rc^r. He turned, and recngnised Charles dc Hul- iliijiar. "I am sure, Valletorf, you will believe how much p,e|iend upon it, there i^ more in all this than is dreamt of in OUT phiUopliy." " And it was your undisguised perception of that emo- tion," remarked Ciptaia UWssington, " that drew down his severity upon your own head. It was, however, too palpable not to be noticed by all ; and 1 dure say conjee- turo is as busily and as Tagucly at work among our r.oni- p.^.nions aj it is with us. Tho clue to the inystory, in n groat degree, now dwells with Frank Hallnway ; and to him w«i must look for its elucidation. His disclosure will be one, I apprehend, full of ignominy to hijusclf, but of tho highest interest and importance to us all. And yet I know not how to believe t!io man tUo traitor he appears." " bid you remark tliat last harrowing exclamation of his wife?" observed Charles dc Haldimar, in a tone ol uns)ieakable melancholy. " How fearfully prophetic it sounded in my ears. I know not how it is," ho pursued, "but I wish 1 had not heard those sounds; for since that niomont I have had a sad strange presc^tiincnt of evil at my heart Heaven grant my poor brother may make his ap|>earance, aa I still trust he will, at the hour Halloway seems to expect, for if not, the latter most assuredly dies. 1 know my father well ; and, if convictcil by a court mar- tial, no human power can alter tho destiny that awaits Frank Halloway." " Rally, my dear Charles, rally," said Sir Evrrard, af- fecting a confidenoo he did not tool himself; " iiidulgo not ill these idle and supcrstitioMs fancies. I pity Halloway from my soul, and feci the deepest interest in his pretty and unhappy wife ; but that is no reason why one should attach imimrtance to tho incoherent expressions wrung from her in the agony of grief." " It is kind ol you, Valletorf, to endeavour to choer my spirits, when, if the truth were confessrd, you ac- knowledge the inllucnco of tlii^ same feelings. I thank you lor the attempt, but tim(! alone can show how fir 1 sh.UI have reason, or otherwise, to lament the occurrences of this night." They had now reached that part of the ramparts whence the shot from Sir Everard's rille had been (ired. Sevcr.il men were occupietl in digging a gr.ivo in tho precise spot on which tiie unfortunate Murphy had stood when he reei'ived his deStli wound; and into this, when com- pleted, the body, enshrouded in the clotik already alluded to, was dofiositcd by his companions. CHAPTER IV. While tho adjutant was yet reading, in a low a.-d eolcinn voice, the servien for the dead, a lieree and distant j^ll, ail if iVom a legion of devils, burst suddenly from tliii firest, and brought tho hands of the startled ollirers instinctively to their swords. 'J'liis up|wlliiig cry lasted, without interruption, for m.any minutes, and wastlicn, as iibruptly cheeked as it had lieen unexpcetedly delivered. A considcrublu paii.iii suceeeded, and then again it rose with evijn moro startling vohemeiiee than lietiirc. Hy one unaceiistumcd jto tllose devilish Rounds, no distinction could havo licon made in the two several yells that hail been thus savagely |>ealed forth; but those to whom priie- tieo and long oiperionco in tho warlike habits and eiis- turns of tho Indiana had rendered their shouts funiliar, nt nneo divined, or fhncied tlioy divined, tlie cause. The first was, to tlieir conception, a yell expressive at nneo of vengeance and disap|)oiiitment in pursuit, — |H'rhap8 i'd (rout tlieir toils; tin second, of triumph and success, — In all probability, inili' cative of the recaptiini of that prisoner. For many mi- iiiitui afterwards tho oflleers (Hintiniied to listen, with the most achinj; attention, fur a rcjiotition of the cr^, or own fainter sounds, that might denote either a nearer ap- proach to the fort, or the fin^l departure of the Indians. Alter the second veil, liou ever, the woods, in the heart of which it appeared to I;ave been uttered, were buried in as profound a silence as if they had never yet echoed back the voice of man ; and all at length iK'came sr.tis- fied that tho Indians, having aeconiplished some particu- lar purpose, had retired once more to their distant en- campments for the night. Captain Ershine was the first who broke the almost brcatliless silence that prevailed among tlieniselves. "On my lite, Do Ilaldim.ar is a prisoner with the In- dians. He has been attempting his es'-ajK-, — has been detected, — followed, and again liillin into their hands. I know their infernal yells but too well. 'I'lie Inst expressed their savage joy at the capture of a prisoner; and tliere is no one of us missing but De Hiildinnr." " Not a doubt of it," said Captain Dlessington; tho cry was eeitaiiily what you describe it, and Heaven only knows whutWill bo the fate of our |iiior friend." No other oIKcer spoke, for all were opprcjsed hy the weight of tlieir own lielings, and sought rather to give indulgence to s|ieci!l :ti.)n in secret, than to share their impressions with their companions. Charles de HaUli- inar stood a little in the rear, leaning his head upon his hand against the liox of the sentry, (who was silently, though anxiously, pacing liis walk,) and in an attitude expressive of the deepest dejection and sorrow. " I 8upp.-..io I must tiiiisli Lawson's work, althongli 1 am but a poor hand ut this sort of thing," resumed Cap- tain Erskine, taking up the prayer hook the adjutant had, in hastening on the first alarm to get the men under arms, carelessly thrown on the grave of the now uncon- scious Murphy, He then commenced the service at the point where >Ir. Lawson had so nbrujitly broken off, and went through the remainder of the prayers. A very few ini- nutes sutlieed lor the performance of this solemn duty, which was efteeted by the liiint dim light of tlii at length dawning day, and the men in attendance proceeded to till lip the grave of their ortieer. (iradually the mists, that had fallen during the latter hours of the niglit, began to ascend from the common, and disperse themselves in air, conveying the apjK'ar- ance of a rolling sheet of vajiour retiring back upon it- self, and disclosing objects in succession, until the eye could embrace all that came within its extent of vision. As tlh ollicer.s yet lingered near the rude grave of their eoniiianion, wnlcliing with abstracted air the languid and almost n;i'ehaniial action of their j.ided men, as they einplied shovel aOer shovel of the damp o.artli over tlic body of its new tenant, they were suddenly startled by an expression of exultation fiom Sir Everard Valletort. " By .lupiter, I have pinked him," he exclaimed tri- umphantly. " I knew my rille eoidd not oir; and as for my sight, I have earrii d away too many prizis in target- sli.ioting to have been deicived in tliaf. How delighted the old governor will be, Charles, to hear this. No more lecturing, 1 am sure, for the next six months at least ;" and the young iitticcr rulibed his hands together, at the success of his shot, with as much satisliietion and uncon- cern for tho future, as if he hail lieen in his own native England, in tlio midst of n prize-ring. Roused by the observation of his friend. Do Haldimar quitted his position near the sentry box, and advanced to the outer edge of the rampart. To liiiii, as to his com- panions, the oiilliue of the old bonili-proof v, iis now dis- tinctly visilile, hut it was some time Is'fore they could dis- cover, in the direelinn in which Valletort pointid, a dark speck upon tlii' eornruoii; and this so indistinctly, they could scarcely ilistiiigiiish it with lh(^ naked eje. " Your sight is quite equal to your aim, Sir Everard," remarked l.ieulenant Johnstone, one of Errkini's subal- terns, " and both are deeidoilly superior to mine; yet 1 used to be thought a good rifleman too, and have credit liir an eye no less keen than that of an Indian; you have the advantngt^ of me, however ; for I honestly admit I no\er could have picked oft" yon fellow in tho dark as you have done." As the dawn inereaned, tho dark shadow of a liuman form, stretched lit its length upon (he ground, lieeanie lierceptible; and the oHieers, with one unanimous voice, liore loud testimony to the skill and dexterity of liim who had, under such extreme disndv tiigcs, accomplished the death of their skulking enemy. " Hravo, Valletort," Raid Charles dn Haldimar, leeover- ing his spirits, as imieh from the idea, now neeurring to him, that this might indeed Ih< the stranger whose ap- |>earaiien had so greatly dislurlieil his father, aR from the gratification li« felt in the praises iHistowed on his IVieiid. " Uruvo, mj dew Hdlow!" then appruacliing, and in a half whisper, " when next I write to Clara, I shall riqu,..! her, with my cousin's assistance, to preimrc a ehaplit of bays, wherewith I shail myself crown you as tlieir proxy. But what is the matter now, Valletort? Why stand you there gazing upon the common, aa if the victiiii of your murderous aim was rising from his bloody cciicji to reproai li you with his death ? Tell me, shall 1 wrjit to Clara for the prize, or will you receive it from licr own hands ?" Bid her rather pour her curses on my head; andio those, De Haldimar, add your own," exclahned Sir Ku- rard, at length raising himself from the statue-like pusj. tion he had assumed. " Almighty Cod," he pursued, in the same tone of deep agony, "what have I dont' Where, where shi.ll 1 hide myself?" As he spoke he turned away i'rom his companions, and covering his eyes with his hand, with quick and unniiul steps, even like those of a drunken man, walked, or rallitr ran, alopg the rampart, as if fearful of Ix'ing overtaken. The wliole group of officers, and Charles de Haldimar in particular, were struck with dismay at the langungf ond aeliiiii of Sir Everard; and lor a moment they fancied ilm tatigne, and watching, and excitement, had partially afiected his brain. But when, after the lapse of a ininulc or two, they again looked out Ujion the common, the so. eret of his ogitation was too faithfully and too painfully explained. What had nt first the dusky and dingy hue of a half, naked Indian, was now perceived, by the bright lieains of light just gathering in the east, to lie the gay and striking nnil'c.nii of a British ofticer. Doubt as towiio that officer was there could be none, for the white sword-licll sus. pended over the right shoulder, and thrown into stronf relief by the field of scarlet on which it reposed, denoted the wearerof this distinguishing badge of duty to be one of the guard. If tlioy could regret the loss of such a companions Murjihy, how deep and heartfelt must have been the sot. row they experienced when they licheld the brave, gene- rous, manly, amiable, and highly-talented Frederick dc lluldiinar — the pride of the garrison, and the idol of hij family — lying extended, a. cold, senseless corpse, slain liy the hand of the Imsom friend of his brother ! — Niitwilh. standing tho stern severity and distance of the governor, whom few circumstances, however critical or exciting, could surprise into relaxation of his habitual stateliness, it would have been diflicult to name two young men more universally liked and esteemed by their brother ofiicfn than wore the De Haldiniars — the first for the qualities already named — tho second, for those retiring, mild, win- ning manners, and gentle atrections, added to extreme and almost feminine beauty of eountennncc forwliiclilie was remarkable. Alas, what a gloomy picture was now exhibited to the minds of all! trederick do Haldimar i | corpse, and slain by the hand of Sir Everard Valktortl What hut disunion could follow this melanclinly eala!' troplio ! and how could Charles de Haldimar, even ifliis bland nature should survive the shock, ever bear to look | a(;:iiii upon the man who had, however innoeiiuly i nniiitenlionall}', deprived him of a brother wlioni k I adored ? I These worn the impressions that passed through the minds of the compassionating ofticors, as they directed I their gl ince nltrrnately Iroin tlie common to the pale and I mnrlile-Iiko features of the younger De Haldimar, wlin, with parted lips and stupid gaze, continued to fix his rye< U{ioii the inanimnto fiiriii of his ill-fated brother, as ifllie very ficulty of lili' itself had Is'cn lor a jieriod susisiiiW. [ At length, however, while his companions watched in I silence the mining workings of that grief which ll« liared to interrn|it by ill-timed observations, eVi'U of con. I dolonee, the death-like hue, which had hitlierlo unlTuid I the usually blooining cheek of the young olliccr, «iil siieceedid by a Hush of the deepest dye, while his cyf<, I swollen by 'he tide of bloo'' • -iw rushing violently to b face, ap|K'ared to be h"--lii> '.om their soi'kels. Tin' I shock was more than Ms •; iicate frame, exliuusted an il I wns by wntehing and fatigue, eonhl bear. Iletotlraif roeh'd, pressed his hand U|ion his head, and iH-ture anil one could render him awdBtance, full Benscless nn Uk | rainpnrls. During tliP interval lictwcen Sir Everard Vallrtort'i I exelnmntion, and tho fall of Clmrlos do Haldinur, thi I men einphiyed at tho grave bad |H'rfuriiii d their dulr,[ and were gazing with mingled astonishment and concrnv I IkiIIi on the body of their niurdercd iilficer, and ontlxl dumb scene acting around them. Two of lliiw «« I now despatelied for a litter, with which tliey s|K'ediIyr»l ap|ionreJ. On this Charles do Haldimar, already (Mil rious with the fever of inlens« excitement, was rarcfaBjl placed, and, flilluwed liy Captain Dloaitin^on and Mculrl Tli.i sun f peculiar sol early days ' led liis coinj catcd with I lowered sini Indians; an tiioir service OS if an ea Although Ih risk the part llic savages elfect their ol and ccrtaini; knowledgcd governor — qu Ills excessive have hazarde fcebled by tin of tho coMipai with all his se out strong afl the father, the the prudence corpse of his knew would b hid been indu Captain Erskii bis company Every means w and ensure lh< nialnder of tin nf (lie raniparl faces until sun tion; which wa |iursuit from tin tioncd at (he ee t!arton I nii>nl crossed tho Krikine, the otiioi now ipproachod \ tidim, when Cafi party; and two file rinii, to place (ho provided thoinsoh llie iiilie dlreclioi render anistance IW, and in no w I hibiliniontii ; a cir WACOUSTA, OH TIIK PHOWIKCV. 215 ira, 1 slioll nqiurt rparc a cliaiiltt (,f wn you OS tliiir Vallitort? Why or, OS if the vicliiii II Ills bloody cruel;, 1 inc, kIiuH I wrilf vc it from her own my head ; anil to exclaimed Sir K\i- le (■tntue-likc jxisi. id," he pursued, in hat have I done' lis companions, and quick and uniKpial II, walked, or ratlin uf being overlakon. lies de Haldiniar in it the Ian (run ge arid .'Utthcy faucitd thai lent, had partially ic lajise of a iiiiiuitc he coiumon, tlio «r. ly and too painfully lingy hue of a half. ■ the bright lieaiiis if the gay and striking IS to who that offictt liitc sword-belt siis. thrown into Btrnni I it reposed, ilcnnlid go of duty to be om such a companion ss ist have been tlic soi- held the brave, jrcnc- ilented Frederick de n, and tlie idol of hii leless corpse, slain by i brother ! — Notwilh. iinec of the governor, critical or exciting, s habitual statclinws, two young men more their brotlier olBccn first for the qualitiej le retiring, mild, win- is, adTianded a halt of his pirty; and two files were dclachod.fron:' Iho rear of each I rank, to place Iho body on a litter with which they had providod Iheinaelves. He and Johnsti no also moved in I tin itdio direction in advanue of the men, prepared to I rrniler assistance If required. The ( ir|iso lay on its furr,and in no way despoiled of any of its glittering hibilinionts ; a cireumstanoe tliat too well coiitirmod tho lact of Da Huldimar's death having been uceomplislicd liy I'le li.ill from Sir XOveraid Vullet'-'t's ride. It iip- :ieaied, however, tliu ill-laled oflieer li.id struggled iiiucli ill tlio a^'oiiiesof death; for the left .I'g was drawn up into an iiiiiialural slate of coiitractiun, and the ri;;lit ''■:ii(l, oluM'ly c(ijii])resse(i, grasped a (]uuiitity of grass and suil, uiiicli had evidently boon torn up in a paioxyHiu ofsufleriiig and despair. The men placed the litter at Iho side of the body, whicli they now proceeded to rniso. As they were in llio act of depositing it on this temporary bier, the plumed hill fell liom Iho head, and disclosed, to the astonishment of all, tho scalplcsa crown completely saturated rn its own clotted blooJ and oozing brains. Vii CKulamatioii of horror and disgust escaped at the ssiiio moment from the lips of the two ollieers, and the men stnrled hack from their charge ns if a basilisk had suddenly appeared before them. Captain Erskine pur- sued : — " What the devil is the meaning of all this, John- stone ?" " What, indeed!" rejoined his lieutenant, with a shrug of his shoulders, that was intoi.ded to express his inability to form any o)iinioii on the subject. " Uiihss it should prove," continued Erskine, "as I sincerely trust it may, that poor Vallctort i.s not, after all, the murderer of his friend. It must ho so. Uc Haldiniar has been slain by the same Indian who killed .Murphy. Do you recollect his scalp cry? lie was in the act of dosiwiling hi.s victim of this trophy of success, when Sir Everard fired. Examine the body well, Mitchell, and discover where tho wound lies." The old soldier to whom this order was addressed now prepared, with the assistance of his coiiirudcs, to turn the body upon its back, when suddenly the air was rent with terrific yells, that seemed to be uttered in their very cars, and in the noxt instant more than a hundred dark and hideous savages sprang simultaneously to Ihoir feet within the bomb-proof, while every tree along tho skirt of the forest gave back the towering form of a warrior. Each of these, in addition tu his rifle, was armed with all those dostructivo implements of warfare which render tho Indians of America so lurmidablo and so terrible an enemy. " Stand to your arms, men," shouted Captain Erskine. recovering from his first and unavoidaide, though but momentary, surprise. "First and fourth sections, on your right and loft backwards wheel ; — Quick, men, within the square, lor your lives." As he spoke, he uiui Lieutenant .Johnstone sprang hastily back, and in time to obtain admittance within the troops, who had rapidly executed tho manoDuvro coinmaiidod. Not bo with .Mitchell and his companions. Un tho first alarm they had quitted the body of the mntilated ollicer, and flown In secure their arms, but even while in the act of stoop iiig to lake them up, thoy had boon grappled by u jiow- I'.rful and vindictive foe; and Iho fiisl thing thoy beheld on regaining thcir'upright position, was a dusky Indian at the sidn, and a gloaming tomahawk flashing rapidly round the lioad of each. ''Eiro not, on your lives," exclaimed Captain Erskine hastily, us ho saw several of the men in Iront levelling, in tho ezeitomont of tho moment, their iniisketB at the threatening euvagos. " Prepare for attack," ho pur- sued ; end in the ucjit instant each man dropped on his right knee, and a harrier of bristling bayonets seemed to rise from tho very bowels of Iho earth. Attracted by tho novelty of tho sight, tho bold and during warriors, although Htill retaining their firm grnsji of tho unhappy koldiorH, were for a nioment diverted Iroiii their bloody purpose, and temporarily Fuspendod the quick and rota- tory motion of their weapons. Captain Erskine look advantage of this pauso tu scizo the Imlbcrt of one of his sergeants, to the extreme |Hiint of which he hastily at- tochcd a white pocket handkerchief, that was loosely thrust into tho breast of his uniform; this he waved on high three several times, and then relinquishing the halbort, dropped also on his knoo within the square. " The dog of a Saganaw asks for mercy," said a voice from within tho bomh.prnof, and speaking in the dialect of the Uttawas. "His palu ting bespoaks the quailing of his heart, ami his attitude denotes tho timidity of the hind. His warriorB are like himself, and oven now u|M)n their knees they call upon their Manitou to preserve them from the vengeanio of the red-skins. Uul mercy is not for dogs liko these. Now is the time to make our tomahawks warm in their blood; and every head that wo count shall be a scalp upon our war poles." As he ceased, one universal and portentous yell burst IVom the fiond-liko band ; and again lliu weapoiit ol death were Qerecly brandished around the heads of tho slupified soldiers who had (alien into their |)ower. "What can they be about?" anxiously exclaimed Captain Erskine, in the midst of this deafening clamour, to his subaltern. "Quiet, man; damn you, quiet, or I'll cut you down," he pursued, addressing one of hia soldiers, whoso impatience caused him tn bring his inuskut half up to the )shoulder. And again he turned his head in the direction of the fort: — "Thank God,, hero it cunios at lust, — I feared my signal had not been iiotiicd." While ho yet Bjiokc, tho loud roaring of a cannon from the ramparts was heard, and u shower of grape- shot passed over the heads of the dntachmcnl, and was seen teaiing up the earth around the buiiih-prnof, and scattering IVaginenlg of stone and wood into tho air. Tlie men binmltaneously and unbidden gave three •cheers. Jn an instant the scene was changed. As if moved by some mechanical impulse, the fierce band that lined the bomb-proof sank Iwlow the surface, and weie no longer visible, while the warriors in the forest again sought shelter behind the trees. The ca|ilured soldiers were also liberated without injury, so sudden and start- ling had boon the terror produced in tho savages by tho lightning flush that announced its heavy messengers of destruction. Discharge after discharge succeeded w ith- out intermission ; but tho guns had been levelled so high, to prevent injury to their own men, they had litllo other efliict than to keep the Indians from tho attack. The rush of bullets through the chisc forest, and Iho crashing of trees and branches as thoy fell with start- ling force upon each other, were, with the peals of ar- tillery, the only noises now to be heard ; for not a yell, nut a word was uttered by the Indians after tho first discharge ; and but for the certainly that existed in every mind, il might have been BupjiuKed the whole of them had retired. '•Now is your time," cried Captain Erskine; "bring in tho litter to the rear, and stoop as much ns j.-ossiblo to avoid the shot." The poor half-strangled fellows, however, instead of obeying tho order of their captain, looked round in every direction for the enemy by whom they had been so rudely handled, and whohad glided from them almost aa iin|)crccplibly and swiftly as they had at first approached. It Bccmed as if they apprehended that any attempt tu remove the body would be visited by those fierce devils with the same appalling and ferocious thrcatcnings. "Why stand ye there, yo dolts," continued their captain, "looking around as if ye were liowitched? Ilring the litter in to the rear. Mitchell, you old fool, aro you grown a coward in your age? Aro you not ashamed to set such an cxamplu to your comrades ?" Tho doubt thus implied of the courage of his men, who, in fact, wero merely stupificd with the scone tliry had gone through, had, as Captain Erskine expected, tho desired eflbct. They now bent themselves to tho litter, on which they had previously deposited their muskets, and with a self-poBscssion that contranted sin- gularly with their recent air of wild astonishment, boro it to the rear at tho risk of being cut in two at every moment by the fire from tho fort. One fierce yell, in- I tinctivcly prufl'ered by several of tho lurking band in the forest, marked their disappointment and rage at tl"> escape of their victims; but all attempt at uncovering lhemBolveB,so as to bo enabled to fire, was prevented by the additional showers of grapo which that yell imniu- diutcly brought upon them. Tho position in wh:ch Captain Erskino now found himself was highly critical. Uefuro him, and on either flank, was a multitude of savages, who only awaited tho cessation of the fire from the fort to commence their fierce and impetuous attack. That that fire could not lung be sustained was evident, siiico ammunition could ill be spared for tlio present inefficient purpose, where supplies of all kinds were to difficult to be obtained ; and, if ho should attempt a retreat, the upright position of his men exposed thorn to tho risk of being swept away by the ponderous metal, that already faiinod their checka with the air it so rapidly divided. Suddenly, however, tliu fire fVom the batteries was discontinued, and this ho know to bo a signal for liiiiisclf. lie gave an order in a low voice, and the detachment quitted their recum- bent and defensive position, still remaining formed in square. At the same instant, « gun flashed from tha fort ; but not at before was hoard the ruthing sound of the destructive shot crushing the trees in its resistless course. The Indians look courage at this circnm- Btanoo, for Uioy doomed tho bulloU of their eiiondos ^ »•■■•.. , '■ .■' 'i! ".v,^l m i .y^i IV 216 WACOirsTA, OR THE PROPHECY. mm7- «**!'^'\ fill were expended ; and that they were merely discharging their powder to kec:) ,up the apprehenxion originally produced. Again thoy showed thoinsclvcs, like so many (lemons, from behind their lurking places ; and yells and shouts of the most terrific and threatening character once more rent ilie air, and ecliucd tiirough the woods. Their cries of anticipated triumph were, however, but uf short duration. Presently, a hissing noise was heaid • in the air; and close to the bomb-pruof, and at the very skirt of the forest, they beheld a huge globe of iron full perpendicularly to the earth, to llie ouier part of which was attached what thoy supposed to be a reed, that spat forth innumerable sparks of fire, without however, seem- ing to tlireaten the slightest injury. Attracted by the novuj sight, a dozen warriors sprang to the spot, and fastened their gaze upon it with all tlie childish w(mder and curiosity of men in a savage state. One, more eager and restless than his fellows, stooped ovei it to feel with his hand of what it was composed.. At that moment it burst, and limbs, and head, and entrails, were seen flying in tire air, with the fragments of the shell, and prostrate and struggling forms lay writhing on every land in the last, fierce agonies of death. A yell of despair and a shout of tiiumph burst at the same moment from the adverse parties. Taking ad- vantage of the teiror produced, l)y this catastrophe, in the savages. Captain Erskine caused the men beoring the corpse to retreat, with all possible expedition, under the ramparts of tJie fort. Ho waited until they got nearly half way, and then threw forward the wheeling reclions, that had covered this movement, once more into single fijc, in which order he commenced his re- treat. Step by stop, and almost imperceptibly, the men paced backwards, ready, at amorncnt'."< notice, to re-form the square. Partly recovered from the terror and sur- prise produced by the bursting of the shell, the Indidus were quick in perceiving this movement: filled with rage at having been so long baulked of their aim, tljcy throw themselves once more impetuously from tlieir rover ; and, with stimulating yells, at length opened their fire. Several of Captain Erkskine's men were wounded by this discharge; when, again, and furiously the Cannon opened from the Ibrt. It was then that the superiority of the artillery was made manifest. Both right and left of the retreating files the ponderous shot flew heavily past, carrying death and terror to tlio Indians ; while not a man of those who mtervnned was scathed or touched in its progress. The warriors in the forest were once morn compelled to shelter themselves behind the trees; but in the bcmib-proof, where they were more secure, they were also more hold. Krom this a gulling fire, niin|>lej with the most hideous yells, was now kept up ; and the detachment, in their slow re- treat, sulfcred considerably. Several men had been killed; and, about twenty, including Lieutenant John- stone, wounded, when again, one of those murderous globes fell, hissing in the very centre of the bomb-proof. l;i an instant, tlin Indian firo was discontinued; iind tlioir dark and pliant forms were seen hurrying with alinost incredible rapidity over the dilapidated waMs, and flying into the very heart of the forest, so that when tlio shell exploded, u few seconds afterwards, not a war- rior was to be seen. Krom this moment the attack was not renewed, and (.'aptain Erskine made good hisretron! without further nmlostation. "Well, old bufl'ers!" exclaimed one of the leading tiles, as the detachment, prereded by its dead and wound- ed, now moved along the ;;in:it in the dirrelioii of (he dra»-bridgp. " how did you like the grip of them blaok iavages?— I M„y, Mitchell. (Jd iNick will scarcely know the face of you, it's so mueli altered by fright. i)id you see," turning to the man in his rear, "how hurnm- scarum he looked, when tlio captain called out In hini to come off?" " Hold your chipper, you spooney, nnd he A d to you !" exclaimed the angry veteran •■ Had the Iiigian fustoned his paw upon your ugly neck as lie did upon mine, nil tlio pitiful lilb your mother i vor put into you would Inivu been spirited away fiom very fear; so yon needn't brag." "Sure, and if any of yc had a grain of spunk, ye would have fired, nnd freed n follow fnnn the clutch of them login tliiovas," muttered another of the men at the litter. "All Ihe time, the devil had me by the thioat, swinging his tornmyhnwk about my head, \ saw ye dancing up nnd down in the huavons, instead of be- ing on your marrow bones on lh» common." •' And didn't I want to do it V rejoined the first speaker. " Ask Tom Winklur iiere, if Iho oaptaui didn't swear he'd cut my head off if I even offered so much as to touch the trigger of my inuskel."' " Kaitli, and lucky he did," replied his covering man (for the ranks hud again joined), "since hut fur that, there wouldn't bo at this moment so much as a hair of the scalp of one of you left." "By gracious," said a good-humoured, quaint looking Irishman, who had been fixing his eyes on the litter during this colloquy; "it sanies to me, my bu^s, that ye have caught the wrong cow by the horns, and that all your pains has been tor nothing atall,at all. By the pope, ye are all wrong; it's like bringing suit butter to Cork, or coals to your Newcastle, as yo call it. Who the divil ever heard >if the officer wearing ammunition shoes ;" 'I'he men all turned their gaze on that part of the vestment of the corpse to whicli their attention had lieoii diiectcd by this remark, when it was at once perceived, although it hud hitliortu escaped the observation oven of tlio oflicers, that, pot only the shoes were those usually worn by tlio soldiers, and termed ammunition or storo shoes, but also, the trowsors were of the de- scription of coarse grey, peculiar to that rluss. " By the piper and yo're right, Dick Dohorty," ox- claiincd another Irishman; "sine, and it isn't the officer at all ! .lust look at the great blai:k fist of him too, and never call me Phil Shcbaii, if it over was ni.ndo for the bundling of an otlicer's spit.'' " What a set of hignorainusos yo must be," grunted old Mitchell, " not to see that tho captain's liand is only covered with dirt; and as fur the ammunition shoes and trowsers, why you know our oflicers wear any thing since we have been cooped up in this here fort." "Yes, by tho holy poker, otl" duty, if they like it," returned Phil Shelian; " but it isn't even the colonel's own born son that daro lo do so while oflicer of the guard." At this point of their conversation, one of the leading men at the litter, in turning to look at its subject, stumbled over the root of a slump that lay in his way, and fell vinleiitly forward. The sudden action destroyed the equilibrium of the corp.'je, which rolled off its tem- porary bier U|)on the earth, and disclosed, for the first lime, a fare begrimed with masses of clotted blood, wliieh hud streamed forth from the sculped brain during the night. " It's the divil himself." said Phil Sheban, makingthe sign of the cross, half in jest, liiilf in earnest: " lor it isn't I lie eaptin at all, and who but tho divil could have managed to clap on his riginiilituls ?" "No, it's an Ingian," remarked Dick Burfbrd, saga- ciously; "it's an Inginn that has killed the captain, and dressed himself in his clothe'. I thought ho smelt strong, when I helped to pick him up." " What a set of prating fools ye are," intorriiplod the leading sergeant ; " who ever saw an Ingiaii with light hair? and sure this hair in tho neck is that of a Christian." At that moment (Captain Rrskine, altractoil by the sudden halt produced by the falling of the body, cime quickly up lo the front. "What is tlie meaning of all this, Cussidy?" he sternly demanded of the sergeant; "why is liiis halt without my orders, and how comes the body hero ?" "Carter stiini'iled against a root, sir, and the body rolled over upon the ground." " .And was the body lo roll hack again ?" angrily re- joined his captain. " What mean ye, follows, by stuiid- ing there; q'liek, replace it iipim the litter, and miml this docs not o'-enr again." " They say, sir,"' said Ihn sergeant, respectfully, as tho men prmieednd to their duly, " that it is not Cnplai" de Haldiiiuir after all, hut an Ingian." " Xnl Cjplain ilc Huldinmrl are ye all mad? and have Ihe Indians, in reality, turned your' brains with fear .'" What, however, was his own surprise, and that ol" Iiieutenunt .lohnstoiie, when, on a closer examination of the i-orpse, which Ihe men had now placed with its (ace uppermost, lliey discovered the bewili.ering fact that il was not, indeed, C^aptnin do Hnldiiiiar who lay before them, bill a stranger, ilressed in the. uniform of that otTi- ccr. There was no time to solve, or even to dw^lF on the singular my *lery ; for the Indians, though now retired, might be expected lo rally ard renew the attack. Onee more, therefore, the detachment moved forward ; Ihe offi- ccrs dropping as before to the rear, to watch any move- ments of the enemy should he re-appcar. Nothing, how. ever, occurred to interrupt their march ; and in u few minutes Uie iicavy clanliing sound of the chains of the drawbridge, as it was again raised by its strong pullit.^ and the dull creaking sound of the rusty holts and locks that secured the |)ondcrous gate, announced the detncli. incnt was once more safely within the fort. While the wounded men were being conveyed to the hospital, a group, comprising almost all the officers ol'the garrison, hastened to meet Captain Erskine and IjIc^. tenant Johnstone. Congratulations on the escape of tlie one, and coniplinients, rather than condolences, on ih,; accident of the other, which the arm en icharpe denoiij to be slight, were hastily and warmly proflercd. 'Wi-^ felicitations were the genuine ebullitions of the hearts of men who really felt a pride, unmixed with jealousy, m the conduct of their fellows ; and so cool and exeelleiu had been the manner in which Captain Krskinc had »c. complished his object, that it had claimed the undividid admiration of all who had been sjicctators of the hffm and hud, with the aid of tiicir telescopes, been eimbloij to follow the minutest movements of the dctachintnt. " By heaven 1" he at length replied, his cho»» .^v.-llim, with gratified pride at the warm and generous approval of his companions ; " this more than repays me for erctv risk. Yet, to be sincere, the credit is not mine, biii Wentworth's. But for you, my dear fellow," graspino and shaking the hand of that officer, " wc should have rendered but a Flemish account of ourselves. Hoiv beautii'uUy those guns covered our retreat ! and the first mortar that sent the howling devils flying in air like m many Will-o'the-wiaps, Vv'ho placed tliat, Wcntworlh '" " I did," replied the oflicer, with a quickness that dr. noted a natural feeling of exultation ; "but Bom bard in Kitson's was the most effective. It was his shell ilm drove the Indiana finally out of the bomt>-proof, and Icii the coast clear for your retreat." "Then Kitson, and his gunners also, merit our best thanks," pursued Captain Erskine, whose spirits, now that his detachment was in safety, were more l|ii,u usually exhilarated by the exciting events of tlie Wt hour ; " and what will bo more acceptable, |>erhaps, ihty shall each have a glass of my best old Jamaica befoK they sleep, — and such stuflf is not to be met with cvory day in this wilderness uf a country. But, confound mc stupid head ! where are Charles de Huldiniar and Sir Everard Valletort?" " Poor Charles is in a high fever, and confined to his bed," remarked Captain Blessington, who now came up adding his congratulations in a low tone, that marked tlie dc8(>oi:dcncy of liis heart ; " and Sir Everard 1 have just lcf\ on tlie rampart with the company, looking, as he well may, the very imago of despair." " Run lo tliom, Suinners, my dear boy," said Erskiiic, hastily addressing himself to a young ensign who stood near him ; "run quickly, and relieve them of their error. Say it is not De Ilaldimar who has liecn killed, therefore they need not make themselves any longer uneasy on that score." The officers gave a start of surprise. Sunnier", however, hastened to acquit himself of the pleasing task assigned him, without waiting to hear the explanation o!' the singular declaration. " Not De Ilaldimar 1" eagerly and anxiously cxcluiiucd Captain Blessington ; " who then have you brought to us in his unilhrin, which I clearly distinguished from the rampart as you passed ? Surely you would not tanmr with MS at such a moment, Erskiiio?" " Who it is, I know no more than Adam," rejoined l!i» other ; " unless, indeed, it lie the devil himself. .■Ml I Jj know, is, it is not our friend l)c Ilaldimar ; ahhoiijrh, as you observe, he most certainly wears his unirorm. Bal yon shall sen nnd judge for yourselves, gentlemen. Ser. geant Cassidy," he 'uquircil of that indiviilual, who ncn came to ask if the detachment was to be disinissiii, " whcri^ have you placed the litter '" " Unoer the piazza of the guard-room, sir," nnsworo! the sergennl. These words hail scarcely been iiltcmi. when a gener.il and hasty movement of the oflleers, aiii. inns to satisfy themselves by [H-rsonnl observation il wu mil inileed l>e Haldiinar who had fallen, took place in llie dire<:tion alluded to, and in the next moment Ihey wen at the Fide of the litter. A blankel hud lieen thrown upon the corpse to cnnml the loathsome disHgurement of Ihe liiee, over wliich I masses of thick coagulated blood were laid in inlolw and streaks, that sel all recognition at defianee. Tik formation of tho head alone, which was round niidpihorl. denoted it lo be nnl De Haldiniur's. Not a featiiromi left undeliled ; and even the eyes were of the president, t f cuslninnry oath. m of the court, whc |lit hand ii|)on the p rnl, the form of w r.v llieii, after succe ftiilicir lips, once m( pit prosecutor was mi ovoi lo the p WACOUSTA, Oil THE PROPHECY. 217 i strong pullit^ ' bolts and locks ceil the detacli. irt. conveyed to the he officers ol" the ikiiie uiiil I.lcu. he escape of Uie dok'iices, on thi; «f Aur/)f deiiok'j roflered. 'I'lusi- s ot' the hearts of with jcalovisy, in ool and oxcolleni Krskine liad ac icd the undiriilid tors of the affair, ipc?, been inaUcd le detaclnneiit. Ills cho»» .-.■•-'liiiu renerous approvil pays me for every is not mine, but fellow," graspin; " wc should liave ' our8cl\\!8. Hoyt rcat ! and the first ying in air Ulii; so it, Wcntworlli '" quickness that do. ; '-but Bombardier was his shell tint omb-proof, and IcA 90, merit our liest whose spirits, now , were more tku events of tlic Wt table, jjcrhaps, tKy old Jamaica bel'ore be met with cviry But, conluuiid my : Huldimar and Sir and confined to his I who now came up one, that marked tlw Everard 1 have just looking, as he well boy," said Erskine, ensign who stood tiicm of their error. Dcn killed, Iherel'ore iigcr uneas)' on that nrprihO. Sunnier', f the plea-sing task the ccplanation of nxiously c.tcluinicd ■ you brought to us infruished Iroiri the would not tam|K! .dmn," rejoined iV himself. All 1 Jo iinar ; nlthmigh, «s 1 his uniform. Rut 1 L, (rrntletnen. Ser- ]idividiml, wlionon to be distniMcd. nni, sir," nnswcrcJ | Ireely been nitercil, tif the nffiiers, am- I observation it wis I , took place in tlif (noment they were • corpse to conrfil J filer, over which le l.nid ill inlehf Int defiance. Tm Is round and «!i»tl, iNot a tVatnrc wti l#o covered, it »u Jre closed or opm IhlhesiekncMtliil Ihideous speclaolc i ly excited to kr.o» E had been to un- couiitably inducted in the uniform of their lost corn- "inioii they were resolved to satisfy themselves without rirtlicr delay. A basin of warm water and a sponge were n'roeurcd from the guard-room of Ensign Fortescue, who uw joined them, and with these Captain BIcssingtoii proceeded to remove the disguise. In the course of this lavatiou, it was discovered the extraordinary flow of blood and brains liad been pro- duced by the infliction of a deep wound on the back of the head, by the sharp and ponderous tomahawk of an Indian. It was the only blow that had been given ; and the circumstance of tlie deceased having been found ly- jnir on his face, accounted for the quantity of gore, that, trickling downwards, had so completely disguised every Icature. As the coat of thick encrusted matter gave way liencath the frequent application of the moistening sponge, the piUhd hue of the countenance denoted the murdered man to be a white. All doubt, however, was soon at an end. T'o ammunition shoes, the grey trowscrs, the coarse linen, and the stitf leathern stock encircling the neck, attested tlie sufferer to be a soldier of the garrison ; but it was not until the fiiee had been completely denud- ed of its unsightly covering, and every feature fully ex- posed, that that soldier was at length recognised to be Harry DoncUan, the trusty and attached servant of Cap- tain dc Haldimar. While yet tlie oflicers stocnl apart, gazing at the corpse, and forming a variety of conjectures, as vague as they were unsatisfactory, in regard to their new mystery. Sir Everard Valletorl, pale and breathless witli the speed lie had used, suddenly appeared among tliem. " God of heaven ! can it be true — and is it really not Do Haldimar whom I have shot ?" wildly asked the agi- tated yoiuig man. " Who is this, Erskine ?" he conti- nued, glancing at the litter. " Explain, for pity's sake, and quickly." " Coniiiosc yourself, my dear Valletort," replied the officer addressed. " You see this is not De Haldimar, but his servant DoncUan. Neither has the latter met his death from your rifle ; there is no mark of a bullet about liiai. It was an Indian tomjihawk that did his business ; and I will stake my head against a hickory nut the blow came from the same rascal at whom you fired, and who gave back the shot and the scalp halloo." This opinion was unanimously expressed by the re- mainder of the ofBccrs. Sir Everard was almost as much overpowered by his joy, as he had previously been over «helined by his despair, and he grasped and shook the hand of ('aptain Erskine, who had thus been the means io!' relieving his conscience, with an energy of gratitude land feeling that almost drew tears from the eyes of that blunt but gallant otlieer. "TliankGod! thank God !" he fervently exclaimed: 1 have not then even the death of poor DoncUan to an. iver for;" and hastening from the guard-room, he pur. ued l\h course hurriedly and delightedly to the barrack- oom of his friend. CH.\PTER VI. The hour fixed for the trial of the prisoner Halloway had Low arrived, and the officers composing the court wire all it't in tile mess-room of the garrison, surrounding a long ^ble covered with green clotli, over which were distribut- 1 |iens, ink, and paper for taking minutes of the cvi- tnce, and such notes of the procredingg as the seve- nienibcrs might deem necessary in the course of lie trial, ('aptniu BIcssington presided ; and next him, 1 either hand, were the first in seniority, the two junior feupying the lowest places. The demeanour of the fvcral olKeers, serious and befitting the duty they were Irl to |K'rforin, was rendered more especially solemn Ym the presence of the governor, who sat a little to the Jflit of tlie pnisidcnf, and without the circle, reiimined Ivcred, and with his arms folded across liis chest. At Isijiiiii given by the' president to the orderly in waiting, Isl Individual illsapiienrcd from the room, and seon after- Vds Frank Halloway, strongly ironed, as on the pre- wiuj night, was ushered in by several files of the guard, ider Knsigii rorteseue himself. iThe prisoner having been stationed a few paces on the n of tlic president, that officer stood up to administer c customary oath. His example was followed by the •I of the court, who now rose, and extending each his lilt hand iqion the prayer book, repeated, af\cr the prc- ifnt, the firm of words prescribed by military law. ley tlicn, at\er succosiively touching the sacred volume fh their lips, once more resumed their seats at the table, The prosecutor was the Adjutant Lawaon, who now bded ovoi to the president a paper, f>om which tho latter officer read, in a clear and distinct voice, the lot- lowing charges, viz. — " 1st. For having on the niglit of the — th Septem- ber 176;J, while on duly at the gate of the Fortress ol Detroit, either admitted a stranger into the garri.son himself, or suffered him to obtain admission, without giving the alarm, or usin^r the means necessary to en- sure Ills apprehension, such conduct bei' Jusonuble, and ill lireai h of 'ho articles of war. "2d. For linving been accessary to the anduction of Captain Frederick de Haldimar and private Hurry Do- nellun, the disappearnnce of whom from the garrison can only be attributed to a secret understanding exist- ing between the prisoner and tho enemy without the walls, such conduct being treasonable, and in breach of the articles of war." " Private Frank Halloway," continued Captain Bles- sington, after having perused these two short but impor- tant ehargi'S, " you have heard what has been preferred against you ; what say you, therefure 7 Are you guilty, or not guilty ?" " Not guilty," firmly and somewhat exultingly replied tho prisoner, laying his hand at the same time on his swelling heart. " Stay, sir," sternly observed the governor, oddrcssiiig the president ; " you have not read uH the charges," Captain Blessingtoii took up the paper from the table, on winch ho had carelessly thrown it, atW reading the accusations above detailed, and |ierceived, for the first time, that a portion had been doubled back. His eye now glanced over a third charge, which had previously escaped his attention. "Prisoner," he pursued, after the lapse of a minute, " there is a third charge against you, viz. lor having, on the night of the — th Sept. 17b3, suffered Captain de Haldimar to unclose the gate of the fortress, and, hccoiii- puniod by his servant, private Harry Donellun, to pass your post without the sanction of tho governor, such conduct being in direct violation of a standing order of the garrison, and punishable with death." The prisoner started. " What !" ho exclaimed, his cheek paling for the first time with momentary appre- hension; "is this voluntary confession of my own to be turned into a charge that threatens my life ? Colonel do Haldimar, is the explanation which I gave you only this very hour, and in private, to be made the public in- strument of my condemnation f Am I to dio because I had not firmness to resist the prayer of my cuptuin and of your son. Colonel de Hardimar ?" The president looked towards the governor, but a sig- nificant motion of the head was the only reply; he pro- ceetlefl, — "Prisoner Halloway, what plead you to this charge? Guilty, or not guilty ?" " I see plainly," said Halloway, oftor the pause of n minute, (luring which he ap|)oared to bo summoning all his energies to his aid ; " 1 see plainly that it is useless to strive against my fate. Captain do Haldimar is not here, and I must die. Still I shall not have tho disgrace of dying as a traitor, though I own I have violated the orders of the garrison." " Prisoner," inteirupted Captain Blessingtfln, " what- ever you may have to urge, you had better reserve for your defence. Meanwhile, what answer do yuu make to Iho last charge preferred ? — .\re you guiltv, or not guilty?" "Guilty," said Halloway, in a tone of mingled pride and sorrow, "guilty of having listened to tho earnest prayer of my captain, and suffered him, in viohition of my orders, to pass my post. O;' the other charges I am iniiocenl." The court listened with the most profound attention and interest to the words of the prisoner, nnd they glanced at each oilier in a manner that marked their sense of the truth they attached to his declaration. " Halloway, prisoner," resumed Captain Blessington, mildly, yet impressively ; " recolloot tho severe (lonalty which the third charge, no loss than the others, entails, and recall your admission. Bo advised by mo," he pur- sued, observing his hesitation. "Withdraw your plea, then, and substitute thntnf not guilty to the whole." "Captain Blessington," returned Ilia pri.^oner with deep emotion, "I led all tho kindness of your motive; nnd if any thing can eonsojo me in my present situation, it is the circumslanCD of having presiding at my trial an officer so universally beloved by the whole corps. Still," and again his voice acquired its wonted firmness, and his cheek glowed with honest pride, "still, I say, I scorn to retract my words. Of the two first charges I am as innocent as the b«be unborn. To the Uit I plead guilty ; and vuin would it be to say otherwise, since tho g.ito was found open while 1 was on duty, and I know the penalty attached t« the disobedience of orders." A Her some further but ineffectual remonstrances on the part of the president, the pleas of the prisoner were recorded, aad the examination commenced. Governor de Haldimar was the first witiiesis. That officer, having been sworn, stated, that on tho preceding night he had been intruded upon in his apart- ment by a stranger, who could have obtained admission only through the gate of the fortress, by which also ho mu.st have made good his escape. That it was evident the prisoner had been in correspondence with their oiie- inies; since, on proceeding to examine the gate it had been found unlueked, while the confusion manifested by biin on being accused, satisfied all who were present of tho enormity of his guilt. .Seurcli had been made every where for the keys, but without success. The second charge was supported by presumptive evidence alone ; for although the governor swore to the disapix;nrance of his son, and the murder of his servant, and dwelt emphatically on the fact of their having been forcibly carried oflf with the connivance of tho prisoner, still there was no other proof of this, than the deduc- tions drawn from the circumstances already detailed. To meet this difficulty, however, tho third cliarge had been framed. In proof of this the governor stated, "that the prison" er, on being interrogated by him immediitoly subsequent to his being relieved from his post, had evinced such confusion and hesitation, as to leave no doubt whatever nf his guilt; thit, influenced by the half promise of communication, which the court had heard as well as himself, ho had sufTored the trial of the prisoner to bo delayed until the present hour, strongly hoping he might then be induced to reveal the share he had borne in these unworthy and treasonable practices; that, with a view to obtain this disclosure, so essential to the safety of tlie garrison, he had.conjointly with Major Blackwnter, visit- ed tho cell of the prisoner, to whom he related the fiict nf the murder of Donncllan, in the disguise of his mas- ter's uniform, conjuring him, at the same time, if he re- garded his own life, and the safety of those who were most dear to him, to give a clue to the sulution of this mysterious circumstance, and disclose the nature and extent of his coniicciinn with the enemy without; that tho prisoner however resolutely denied, a.art of the go- vernor's evidence on the third charge, which related to tho confession recently made by Halloway, on which that charge had been framed. The sergeant of the guard, nnd the governor's orderly having severally corroborated the first portions of Major Blackwater's evidence, the examination on the part of tho prosecution terminated ; when the president called on tho prisoner Halloway for his defence, '1'Iih latter, in a clear, firm, and collected tone, and in turnia that surprised his auditory, thus addressed the Court: — "Mr. President, and gentlemen, — Although standing before you in the capacity of a private soldier, and, oh ! hitter nnd humiliating reflection, in that most wretched and disgraceful of all situations, a aus|)ccled trmior, I am not indeed what I seem to be. It is not for me hero to eriter into the history of my past life ; neither will- 1 tarnish the hitherto unsullied reputation nf my family by disclosing my true name. Suffice it to observe, I am a gentleman hy birth ; and although, of late years, I have known all the hardships and privations attendant on my fallen fortunes, I was once used to bask in the luxuries of affluence, and to look upon those who now preside in judgment over ma as my equals. A marriage of nfTec- tion,— a mnrriage with one who had nothing but her nwn virtues and her own beauty In recommend her, drew upon me the displeasure of^mv family, and the little I pottearad, independently of the pleasure of my ;.-»:'> .' ,.r.' > ' ^'';f ^ m ^i-l f ■'■ ''"-J, -' i- '..^' ilk ;:J^iiM 218 WACOIISTA, OR THE I'ROPIIKCY. I H il t relations, was soon disbiiintod. My |iroiici soul scorned nil thoiiglit of supjilication to tliO!,'iMally Kpurned my wife from their prespncc ; nnd yet my hctii t lilud for tlio privatinnd of her who, alike ro^pcctahio in family, was, both from sex and the natural delicacy of lier frame, so far leas conslitulcd to bear up against the frowns of adversity than myself. Oir extremity had now become great, — loo great for human nnduranoii; when, through the medium of tho public prints, I be- came acquainted with the ^'lorious action that had been fiiught in this country by tho army under (jcneral Wolle. A new light burst suddenly u|>ou my mind, and visions of alter pros(icrity constantly presented theinsolvos to my view. The Held of lionour was open before me, and there was u probability I might, by gi.od conduct, so fur merit the approbation of my superiors, as to obtain, in course of time, that rank among thcuisclvcs lo which by birtli and education I was bo justly entitled toiispirc. Without waiting to consult my Ellen, whoso opjwsiriDU I tcured to encounter until opposition would bo liuiiless, I hastened to Lieutenant Walgrave, the recruiting olli- ccr of the ref;imenl, — tcndeied my services, — was nc coptcd and approved, — received the bounty money, — and became definitely a soldier, under the assumed name of Frank Halluway. "It would be tedious and impertinent, gentlemen," resumed tho prisoner, after a short pause, " to dwell on the humiliations of spirit to which both my wife and myself were subjected at our first introduction to our new associates, who, although invariably kind to us, were nevertheless, ill suited, Ixjlh by education and habit, to awaken any thing like congeniality of leoling or similarity of pursuit. Still we endeavoured, as much as |iossiblc, lo lessen the distance that existed between us ; nnd from the first moment of our joining the regiment, ilcterminod to adopt tho phraseology and manners of those with whom an adver.se destiny had so singularly connected us. In this wo succeeded ; for no one, up to the present moment, has imagined cither my wife or myself to be other than the simple unpretending P'rank and Ellen Halloway. "On joining llu) regiment in this country," pursued the prisoner, after onothor pause, marked by much emo- tion, " I had the good fortune to be appointed to tho grenadier company. Gentlemen, you all kmw the amia- ble qualities of Captain dc Iluldimar. Hut although, unlike yourselves, I have learnt to admire that ofHocr only at a distance, my devotion to his interests has been proportioned to the kindness with which I have over been treated by him ; and may I not add, after this avowal of my tornior con,dition, my most fervent desire has all along been to seizo tho first favourable opimr- tunity of performing some action that would eventually elevate inc to a jmsition in which I might, without blush- ing for the absence of the ennobling qualities of birth and condition, avow myself liis friend, and solicit that distinction from my equal which was partially extended to mo by my superior ! The opportunity I sought was not long wanting. .\t tho memora'ilo affair with tho French general, Levi, at Quebec, in which our regiment boro so conspicuous a part, I had tho good Cirtunc to save the life of my captain. A band of Indians, as you all, ^u\\- lloincn, must recollect, had approached our right flank nnpcrccivod, and while busily ciiBagcd with tho French iu front, we were compelled to divide our firo between them and our licw and fierce assailants. The leader of that band was a French officer, who seemed particularly to direct his attempts against tho lilii of Captain dc IIuI. (limar. He was a man of powerful proportions und gigantic stature " " Hold !" snid the governor, starting suddenly from the Bcal'in which he had listened with evident impatience to this long outline of the prisoner's history. "(Jentle- nion," addressing tho court, " that is the very stranger who was in my apartment last night, — tho baing with whom the prisoner is evidently in treaehornus corres- pondence, and all this absurd tale is but a blind to de- ceive your judgment, and mitigate his own puniahmont. Who is there to prove the man ho has just described was the same who aimed at Captain do Haldimar's life ut Quebec." , , ^ A llusli of deep indignation overspread the features of the prisoner, whose high spirit, now lie had avowed liis true origin, could ill brook tho aftront thus put upon his veracity. , ., , . "O>lonel de llaldimar!" ho proudly replied, while Ins chains clanked with tho energy and tiirce with which he drew up his person into an altitude of striking dig- nity ; " for once 1 sink the private soldier, and address you in the chaxacler of the gentloman and your equal. I hnvo a soul, sir, notwitli:ilnn(ling my lallen fiirtunes, as keenly alive to honnur as yri\ir own; and not even to save my wrelclicd life, would I be guilty ol'llio hisemss ynu now oltribiile lo me. You liavo nicked," ho pur- sued, in a inoru sulenui tone, " what proof I have to show this individual to be the same who altcuipted the lite of Captain de llaldimar. To Captain do llaldimar liiinscif, should I'rovidinec havj spared his days, I shall leave tho melancholy task of bearing witness to nil I heic advance, when I .shall be no inure, Kay, sir," and his look partook at unco of mingled scorn and despiin- dency, " well do I know tho fate that awaits me ; tor in those proceedings — in that third cliargc — I plainly read my death-warrant. But what, save my |>oor and wretched wife, have I to regret? Colonel de llaldimar,'' he continued, with a vehemence meant to check the growing weakness which the thought of his unlnrtunale companion called up to his heart, '• I saved the lilb of your son, even by ycur ov.n admission, no mutter whose the arm that tlireuloned his o.\isteiiee; nnd in every other action in which I have been engaged, honouiulile mention has ever been made of my coiuiuet. Now, sir. I nsk what has been my retvard ? tjo far from attend- ing to the repeated recommendations of iny captain lor promotion, even in a subordinate rank, iiavo you once deenifld it necessary to acknowledge my services by even a recognition of them in uny way whatever ?" " Mr. President, Captain Klessington," interrupted the governor haughtily, arc we met hero to listen to such language from a private soldier ? You will do well, sir, to exercise your prerogative, nnd stay such impertinent mn;ter, which can have no reference whatever to the de- fence of the prisoner." ' Prisoner," resumed the presiosed : — "What possible con- nection can there be Ix^twoen this man's life, nnd the crime with which he stands charged ? Captain Rlessing- tnn, this is trilling with the court, who are assembled to try tho prisoner lor his treason, and not to waste their time ill listening to a history utterly foreign to tlic sub- ject." " The history of my past life — Colonel do llaldimar," proudly ictiinicd the |)risonrr, "although tedious and un- interesting 4(J you, is of the utmost importance to my- self; for on that do 1 ground tho most es*eutiiil part of my defence. There is nothing but circumstantial evi- dence against me on the two first charges; and as those ahme can relleet dishonour on my memory, it is for the wisdom of this court to determine whether that evidence is to be credited in opposition to the solemn declaration of him, who, in admitting one charge, equally nfteeting his life with tho others, repudiates as foul those only which would nttaiiit his honour. Gentlemen," ho pur- sued, addressing the court, "it is for you to determine whether my defence is to be conlinued or not ; yet, what ever be my fate, I would fain remove all injurioui- impression from the minds of my judges; and this can only be done by a simple detail of cireumstmces, which inav, by the unpiejudincd, ho ns simply believed." Here the prisoner pausiid ; when, after some low nns, imd our true condition continued unrevcalcd, " Gentlemen," resumed Hallowny, after a short paw, " if I dwell on these circumstances, it is with a view to show how vile are the charges preferred against me. Ii it likely, witli all the incentives to good conduct 1 have named, I should have proved a traitor to my coimtry I Anod 1 And now," pursued tho pri.wnor, after aiiotlnl short pause, " I come to the third charge, — that thir(il which most affects my life, but impugns neither my IftI nour nor my fidelity. That (iod, before whom I kiiojil shall shortly appear, can attest tho sincerity of my stat»l ment, nnd belliro him do I now solemnly declaru whitll am alMjut to relate is true. " Soon after the commencement of my wtlfh i night, I heard a voice distinctly on the outside of ihe n part, near my |>ost, calling in a low and snlMlucdtorad the name of ('aptain de Haldimar. The aceenls, liu" and anxiously uttered, were apparently those of sfcmi For a momeiit I conlinued irresolute how to net, andk sifatvd whether or not I should alarm the gurri^nn; of length, presuming it was boiiio young female cfll village with whom my captain was acquainted, it ncflil red to me the most prudent course would be to apf that officer himuclf. While I yet hesitated wlitthn* leave my pn cro'ijd the p tola lie llald cnrryiiijr soin guard-room. ijalc wished t( in the course wlii'ii I told hi von your r IC,' lie pursued, foli 'iirly (icrceived he , d l(i)ii;liing langua ;hour; there is n id here will 1 be li St; no one can ki ;rel will remain wi jink,' hi' eonehided, piiient to disols.'y a thire was some v 111;' / itiit there is ■ay! I entreat yoi de|nrtnn>. I pie, relieved.' rlii'iltleiiien," imp (er pause, during ^mi'il to bri'atho fo •ntionofall lieen ri Ihr declaration, "1 nld I bit expected ililimar, in the most [th'w most d(.ar to , hi« request, how ( paved, and whoso in M earnestly, nny, W to his prayer, i'm 'inied not lic'fore am discovery of my hr punislimeiil iiieviti '0 to usure mo hu si •I'll, nnd when I clos Iho firm impression Icmpnrary nature 1: WACOrSTA, OU THE PrOPlIBUf. 219 ,t rnjje ut liavini; ol Ironi lii« Icli, ,in a tVw |>ansn 3 iiinsl lie litcrile (mill it WLs bti iluseil and almr.ji Tlic occasion 1 II my nut h ; Ui h bad hitlw tlo in. xious ditiif 1 fn. ;cr so UlliviTsl.llv ot' tliu Bocrilice. , I sprang tniort in my brinst, tmi musket nt the lot. to tlic earth, itlemcn, who liato suruble pride will, Ic Ilaldiiiiar's owa V'self almost (jvk- iitudc showcrol n, ira de Haldinisr, In isitcd my couch i.|' ways providid wiih ndition, of wliichl irgct even the Ui(, sure, was to remark o my poor drotipinf iiibdutd by the i;n. ilo, Ircquently sfiM ido of my conch, anil enanco witli all tlm last stay on eartli Ii low Ithen longed lo lating being the tn» cd her attention, anil ior honoured by iiet y of her friendship ic wide, wide bartiti to soldier from il» incd oflicer sealed iiij 3d unrevealed. y, after a short pause, it is with a view to rrcd against mc. li good conduct 1 lian itor to my country 1 |uld ask ; and by whl [ic cnomy to be main. ? As lor the secowi IS is it to my reputi. ncd ! From the n» c wound.cvery msik persons in our silui- J and myself, by Iht ;1 my captain, V\m- \v born Frank lUU f his life, has bit' n such promotion i! independently of m; aim. How these p mvc already Blattii; laldimar has niw in solicited, th. Ho- my regard and *' demanded it Hii charge so inipU-l been instrunienUli mar, bo entcrlair.(ill| itlemcn, who will b . a thought so olsuHl Icstruction of mm the sacrifice of ra i.wner, after anotta! jhargc,— that o"'t'"' *"■■ "'" P'Tpos*'. 1 '»:'" cm"iA tho p^irade a few yards in my front; it was Ciip- i in do Haldiiiiir's servant, Douelhrn, liien in the net of rrvin" some tilings from iiis master's apartment to the TiarJ-room. I callcJ to him, to say tho sentinel ut the ntc wi-^hcd to see the captain of the gnard immediately. in thfi course of a fjw iiiinutes he eaiiio up to my |H).=it, ■ " ■ rn what I had heard. At that moment, the voice a"ain rcjK-ated liis name, when he abruptly Ictl mc wliei'i I told bi'f »''"'' ' '""' '"•■"'<'• -'^' !'"''■ moment, the oice a"ain rciK-ated liis name, when he abruptly Ictl mc ml lurlioJ to tlic left of the gate, evidently on his way lo II ,' rau'iart Soon afterwards I lieiird Captain do Haldiiiiar imimdialcly above me, sharply calling out 'Hist, hist!' as if the per-^on on the outside, despairing of success, was in the act of relieating. A moment or two of silence succeeded, when a low convcrsatiim ensned between the ittics. The distance was so ifieat I could only distin- rui-ih inarticnlat.' sounds; yet it seemed to me as if they lokc not in Knglisli, but in the language of the Oltaw;i Iiidiaus, a tongue with which, a.s you are well aware, irentlemen, Captain do Ilaldimar is familiar. This had continued about ten minutes when I again heard footsteps |iion your coinpliancu with my re(|uest. Hear ,' he pur.sued, following up the impression which he arly |ierceived he had produceul in nie by this singular 1 iiiiK^hiiig language : ' I promis(! to 1m! back within our; there is no danger attending my departure, I here will 1 he before you are relieveeen found murdered in his master's clothes ? Was any allusion made to a change of dress belbre llicy left the fort?" " Not the slightest," returned the prisoner ; " nor can I ill any way account for. this mysterious fact When tlicy ()iiitled the garrison, each wore tlie dress I have de- seribeil." " III what manner did Captain de Hnldiinnr and Donel- lan elVoct their passage across the ditch (" continued the president, alter glancing at the second slip of paper. " 'J'lie draw-bridge was evidently not lowered, and there were no otlier means at hand to enable him to eft'ect his object witli promptitude. How do you expkiu this, pri- soner ?" When tliis question was put, the whole body of ofli' ecrs, and the governor especially, turned their eyes simultaneously on Halloway, for on his hesitation or promptness in replying seemed to attach much of the credit they were disposed to accord his statement. Hal loway observed it, and coloured. His reply, however, was t'rec, unfuUcring, and unstudied. " A rope with which Donell.iu had provided himself, was secured to one of the iron huoks that siipimrt the pul leys immediately ulmve tlic gate. With this they swung themselves in succession to the opposite bank." The members of the court looked at each other, appa- rently glad that an answer so confirmatory of the truth of the prisoner's statement, had been thus readily given. " Were they to have returned in the same maimer ?' pursued the president, framing his interrogatory from the contents of another slip of |>ii)ut, which, at the siigges. tion of the governor, had beeu passed to liim by the pro- secutor, I\Ir. Lawson. " They were," tirmly replied the prisoner. "At least I presumed they were, for, 1 bi'licvein the hurry of Captain de Haldiiiiar's departure, he never once made any di rect allusion to the manner of his return ; nor did il occur to me until this nioineiit how they were lo regain |)ossession of the rope, without assistance from within." "Of course," observed t'olonel do Ilaldimar, address- ing the president, " the ro|)e still remains. Mr. Luwsoii examine the gate;, and report acenrdiugly." The adjutant hastened to acquit himself of this laconic order, and soon afterwards returned, stating not only that there was no rope, but that the hook alludeij to had disappeared altogether. For a moment tlie cheek of the prisoner paled ; bnt it was evidently less from any f'ear coimected with his indi- vidual existence, than from the Kliaino he felt at having been detected in a siipjiosed falsehood. Ho however speedily recovered his sell-possession, and exhibited tlie saiiiu character of uneoncern by wliioh his general hear- ing thi'oughoiit the trial had Iteen distinguished. t)ii this aimouiieemeiit of the adjnUi'.it, the governor betrayed u moveineiit of impatience, that was meant lo convey his utter disbelief of the whole of the prisoner's statement, and his look seemed to express to tho court it should also arrive, nnd without hesitation, at thu samo con- clusion, livKU all autlioritative as he was, however, lie felt that military eticpiette and strict discipline prevented his interfering furtlier in tliis adviuiced state of tlio proceed- ings. " Prisoner," again reniarkcil Captain Dlessington, " your statement in regard to tlie means employed by Captain de Haldinnir in elTecting his departure, is, you must admit, unsup|H>rtcd by appearances. How happens it tlic rope is no longer where you sny it was placed ? No nr could liaei Heing, l)«l> in t("-i!inoii his presi'He true. I dii is iH'conie ■. removed it bin M you produei ••ington," r> , " I have whose triban *■ the truth (rt ■I I repeal, ev . < ' 11 'iiove thr I. i iilinit I uurselt Hare you done . or say u In n- it is to be ,ui« Hall'iWa^, proudly, jdy iiuoked that great ' am so shortly to appear, assertion; nnd again, in II word I have uttered is i|»', neither do I know what iiisap|M'aranee is extrnordi- nary, but a moment's retleetioii must satisfy the court, I would not have devised a tale, the falsehood of which could at once have b<'en detected on an examination such as that vvliieh has just been instituted. When Mr. Law- son le!t this room just now, I fully expected he would have tbiind the rope lying us it had been left. What has become of il, I repeat, 1 know not ; but in the manner 1 have stilted did Captain de Plaldiiiiar and Denellan cross the ditch. I have iiotliing further to add," he concluded oneo more, drawing up his fine tiearance had been communicated by tho adjutant in the manner we have already seen, his spirits liad been deeply and fearfully depressed. Still he had every reason to expect, from tlie well-known character of Halloway, the strong hope expressed by the latter might lie realised; and tln.t, at the hour api>oinled for trial, his brother would be present to explain the cause of his mys- terious absence, justify the conduct of his subordinate, and exonerate him from the treachery viith which ho now stood charged. Yet, powerful as this hope was, it was unavoidably (|uaiified by dispiriting doubt ; for a na- ture uH'eetionatc and bland, as thut of I'liarlcs de H.ildi- mar, could not hut harbour ■ •"♦, n* IP -If ■^'^^y '■V^^ h^. ■''{ ■ ■•.■ "''1 .i''-lf ■ 1 ■■ ; ■■. .;>» Il ■ .•. --■'■ . ■ m^\ '•!V:'!t'^f; ' V ^' ;-■;* ■'!' ;: ' ^^ ,.',1, ... t ■>■'■,< "-* 111 ^■4 ' i '^'i. t .^ 220 WACOUST/i, OR THE PROPHECY. ■■'■'„,' . ^ ' '' • )l, il',-.v-.'.li *;■ jiS::--!* •■■■ '4 1 WW- ;l »r^ frciicroua licart nt° I'liurlen do ilaldiniar wati a prey to fooliiigs that would havu wriin^ '.he soul, and wounded the sensibilities ol' one I'ar Icsk gentle and suHceptiblc than himself. Between Sir Evorard Volletort and Charles de Ilaldiniar, who, it lia.H already het ii remarked, were lieutenants in ('aptain Blessiiifrtim's eonipany, a sentiment ot'lriendship had been sutfered to sprin^r up almost from tlie moment ot' Sir Everard's joining. The young men were nearly of the same age; and although the one was nil gentleness, the other all spirit and vivacity, not a shade of disunion hud at any period intervened to interrupt the almost bro- therly attachment subsisting iK'tween them, and each felt the disposition of tlie other was the one most assimi- lated to his own. In fact, Sir Everard was fur from being the ephemeral character he was often willing to appear. Under a semblance of ntfcctation, and much assumed levity of manner, never, however, personally offensive, he concealed a brave, generous, warm, and manly heart, and talents Incoming the rank he held in society, such as would nut have reflected discredit on one numbering twice his years. He had entered the army, as most young men of rank usually did at that period, rather for the agremens it held forth, than with any serious view to advancement in it as a profession. Still he entertained the praiscworth}' desire of being somctliing more than what is, among raiUtary men, emphatically termed a feather-bed soldier. Not that we mean, however, to assert he was not a featlier-l>ed soldier in its more literal sense ; in fact, his own observations, recorded in the early part of this volume, suflSciently prove his predilection for the indulgence of pressing his downy couch to what is termed a decent hour in the day. We need scarcely state Sir Everard's theories on this important subject were seldom reduced to practice ; for, even long before the Indians had broken out into open acts of hostility, when such precautions were rendered indispensable, Colonel de Ilaldiniar had never suftered either officer or man to linger on his pillow after the first faint dawn had appeared. This was a system to which Sir Everard could never reconcile himself. " If the men must be drilled," lie urged, " with a view to their hcaltli and discipline, why not place them under the direetipn of the adjutant or the officer of the day, whoever he might chance to be, and not unnecessarily disturb a body of gentlemen from their comfortable slumbers at that un consciuuable hour .'" Poor Sir Everard ! this was tlie only grievance of wliich he complained, and ho com. plained bitterly. Scarcely a morning passed without his inveighing loudly against the barbarity of such a cus- tom ; threalening at tlic same time, amid the laughter of his companions, to quit the service in disgust at what he called so ungentlciiianly and gothic a habit ; and, but for two motives, there is every probability he would liave se- riously availed himself of tlic earliest opportunity of re- tiring. The firjit of these was his growing friendship
    ned reproachfully, yet almMl gasping with the eagerness of his manner, — I " For God's sake, Sumners — in the name of cominiil humanity, do not trifle with my feelings. If you nmlil seek to lull me with false hopes, you are wrong. I u prepared to hear and bear the worst at present; bull be undeceived again would break my heart." " I swear to you by every thing I have been taughili| revere as sacred," solemnly returned Ensign Summ deeply touched by the affliction he witnessed, "whit I state is strictly true. Captain Erskine himself sent to tell you." "What, is he only wounded then?" and aglow mingled hope and satisfaction was visible even thtoD the flush of previous excitement on the cheek of thei ferer. " Quick, Morrison, give me my clothes. Wli is in^ brother, Sumners ?" and again he raised up i debilitated frame with the intention of quitting couch. " Do Haldimar, my dear De Haldimar, compose)! self, and listen to me. Your brother is still missing, aidi are as much in the dark about his fate as ever. Alii is certain is, wc have no positive knowledge of hiadc but surely that is a thousand times preferable to horrid apprehensions under which we have all hit laboured." " What moan you, Sumners ? or am I so bcwild by my sufferings as not to comprehend you clearlj'-j Nay, nay, forgive me ; but I am almost heart-broknt^ this loss, and scarcely know what I say. But vhitj it you mean? I saw my unhappy brother lying oil common with my own eyes. Poor Valletort himself- here a rush of bitter recollections flashed on the xm of the young man, and the tears coursed each ithoi pidly down his cheek. His emotion lasted for a fe«i' ments, and he pursued, — " Poor Valletort himself i him, for he was nearly ai much overwhelmed with i' lion as I wai ten minutes i distinguished would pcrsua io a corpse, n than tririiiig \ he sank back " I can casi turned the sj his companior in truth, there f whole affair, distinctly hear not your broth Everard Vallet " Who is th( ,;j, to be clad in th it is too absurd must Ih! mistak tlicr Frederick cruel uncertain amine the bod doubts, if possii "Most willin moving toward! you may make Krskine spoke v " Have you s while on iuvolun "I have. He quirics; and wat of the murdered himsclfl and his thing but a denia " Oh, Charles, moved from my ! rushing to the be i tended hand, — "5 Almighty Go jDc Haldimar; an land gratitude, he ping and weeping Sumners had, v iir Everard made rhole body of offi mt subsisted betu Wc shall not att ic friends during lerview which neit IC delight and sti ited themselves on tealised, must have licir lives with the With that facilitj id susceptible arc niles, as some pow irorapt, tlie invalid 1 [ght of the painful »t hig actual excitf le melancholy he h -barlesde Haldimai id yet his beauty n roman, rather than i rduous profession o irk-lashed eye, in w [illi the soft but anin Inance,— the dimple* till, — all these now i iJ if to these we ad( id a smile sweet and occoiuit for the reai rcil hi.s imagination tributes lie ascribed It was while this 't.v, he took occasioi lion of De Haldimi iich his sister would brother had fallen icr. The grief of my ovi iW have been liule i feelings during the "ret, of the existonc Ignorant until the myxclf, for the co romantic you will n J'l.andlhen.asifdcU JKenied to feel wouh i> forced half laugh ive been so much us JMnl praises of your WACOUSTA, OR THK PROPIIFXV. 221 riBon ? Are you i mar 1" asked iht mo who, will) the ipi at the fainttti 1! that it isnolmt ' ihe world iihall tt | I his eye. "(;r,i ] rive halt" my ctri Jced, loo truly \i, the very wingi of | III the litter." i. " Oh Hod ! rj, I I this day." Tki klorrison where m | ilaughtercd btolU 1 the old man ip- 1 replace the coto- 1 ry foot, — " confite I alightest cold run I rdora are, you vm It made by the nn [ ttint from the bM I itemcnt of his feel I lis pillow, and vtjt I r his heart bled f« I nursed and pUytll m, although hla nuf I ic would nave bom I y observed, he woiU I ning years tobeibkl r which so deeply Of. I onicwhat suhsidcil,Di juthiswasrolhertka s apathy produced h ; of any relief affotW ie had shed. He hi t and apparently Im 1 the barrack-yaid.W Tttwbridge, annountd gain he started up » declaring his intcBlia! ' his murdered brolhn. faithful Morrison™ 1 suddenly the d«il Jy into the room. De Haldimar ; 1 nl ither is nottlieperia] ipon his pillow, oTO-l lotions. A moment i!l [oachfuUy, yet iJiii«| I manner, — lie name of corarMl lelings. If you nMll |ou are wrong. 1 u| rst at present; bull my heart." [l have been taughiu| jed Ensign Subim Ie witnessed, "wtall ^kinc himself sent i jien ?" and a glo» < Is visible even \hm , the cheek of then my clothes. Wb »ain he raised up h ftion of quilting! Idimar, compose yi lis still missing, »iiil| t' n as I was ; and eve.n Morrison beheld him also, not tin minutes since, under the very walls of the fort ; nay, distiriffuished the wings of liis uniform; and yet you " yl/persuade me my brother, instead of being brought • a corpse, is still missing and alive. This is little bctlor [I* tririing with my wretchedness, Sumncrs," and again ■ I ' sank back exhausted on his pillow. " 1 can easily fuigive your doubts, Do Haldimar," re- turned the sympathising Sumners, taking the hand of his companion, and pressing it gently in his own ; " for, I in truth, there is ;i great deal ot mystery attached to the I whole affair. I have not seen tlio body myself; but I I distinctly heard Captain Erskino statu it certainly was I not your brother, and he requested me to apprise both Sir I Evcrard Vallctort and yourself of the fact." I " Who is the murdered man, then ? and how comes ho I to be clad in the uniform ■ :' one of our officers ? Pshaw i |( j, loo absurd to be cretlitcd. £rskine is mistaken — he I ,„„,( 1^ mistaken — it can bo no other than my poor hro' I tlicr Frederick. Sumncrs, 1 am sick, faint, with this I cruel uncertainty: go, my dear fellow, at once, and ex- I amine the body ; tlien return to me, and satisfy my I doubts, if possible." :| " Most willingly, if you desire it," returned Sumncrs, I moving towards the door; "but believe me, Ue Haldimar, vou may make your mind tranquil on the sabjuct — "Erskine spoke with certainty." " Have you seen Valietort ?" asked De Haldimar, while an involuntary shudder pervaded his frame. " I have. Ho flew on the instant to make furtiicr en- quiries; and was in the act of going to examine the body ul'thc miudcrcd man when I came here. But here he is himself, and liis countenance is the harbinger of any thing but a denial of my intelligence." "Oh, Charles, what a weight of misery has been re- moved from my heart!" exclaimed that officer, now ttate as ever. Aim howieage ofhisdei nes preferable to I I we have all hitl" am 1 so bcwili Jehend you clearlj llmost heartbrokei ; I say. But whu; [ brother lying » yalletort himseb lashed on the mw pursed each tw' n lasted for a fe»' Valietort himself trwhelmcdwilh Irushing to the hedsido of his friend, and seizing his ex. Itended hand, — " Vour brother, let us hope, still lives." " Almighty God, 1 thank thee !" fervently ejaculated iDc Haldimar; and tlien, overcome with joy, surprise, and gratitude, he again sank hack upon his pillow, sob^ biug and weeping violently. Sumncrs had, with delicate tact, retired the moment lir Evcrard made his appearance : for lie, as well as the 'hole body of officers, was aware of the close friendship lat subsisted between the young men. We shall not attempt to paint all that passed between ,ic friends during the first interesting moments of an in- terview which neither had expected to enjoy again, or ic delight and satisfaction with which they congratu ited themseh'es on the futility of those fears, which, i fcilised, must have embittered every future moment of heir lives with the most harrowing recollections. With that facility with which in youth the generous id susceptible ore prone to exchange tlieir tears fur (miles, as some powerful motive for the reaction may irompt, Uie invalid had already, and for the moment, lost ight of the painful past in the plcasurcablc present, so lat his actual excitement was strongly in contrast with le melancholy he had eo recently exhibited. Never had Ibarles de Haldimar appeared so eminently handsome ; nd yet his beauty resembled that of a frail and delicate romaii, rather than that of one called to the manly and rduous profession of a soldier. The large, blue, long, irk-lashed eye, in which a shade of languor harmonised [ith the soft but animated expression of the whole coun- loanee, — tlic dimpled mouth, — the small, clear, and even elh,-~all these now characterised Charles de Haldimar ; id if to these we add a voice rich, full, and melodious, id a smile sweet and fascinating, wo shall he at no loss accoiut for the readiness with which Sir Everard suf- red hi.s imagination to draw on the brother for those tributes he ascribed to the sister. It was while this impression was strong upon his icy, he took occasion to remark, in reply to an obser- lion of De Httldiinar's, alluding to the despair with lich bis sister would have been seized, had she known brother had fallen by tlio hand of tlie friend of the icr. 1" The grief of my own heart, Charles, on tliis occasion, fuld have been little inferior to her own. The truth is, feelings during the last three hours have let me into cret, of the cxistonce of which I was, in a great de- ^ ignorant until then : I scarcely know how to ex- IS myself, for the communication is so truly absurd romantic you will not credit it." He paused, hesi- id, and then, as if determined to anticipate the ridicule [seemed to feel would bo attached to his confession, a forced half laugh pursued : " The fact is, Charles, ive been so much used to listen to your warm and |uent praises of your sister, I liavo absolutely, I will not say fallen in love with (that would be going too far), but conceived so strong an interest in her, that my most ardent desire would be to find favour in her eyes. What sny you, my friend? are you inclined to forwnrd my suit ; and it so, is tliere any chance for mc, think you, with herself?" The breast of Charles dc Haldimar, who had listened with deep and increasing attention to this avowal, swelled high with plcasurcablc excitement, and raising himself up in his bed with one hand, white he grasped one of Sir Evcrard's with the other, he exclaimed with a transport of jilTcction too forcible to ho controlled, — " Oh, Vnlletort, Vallctort ! this is, indeed, all that was wanting to complete my happiness. My sister i'AuTa I adore with all the affection of my nature ; 1 love her bet- tor than my .own life, which is wrapped up in hers. She is an angel in disposition, — all that is dear, tender, and atfectinnutc, — all that is gentle and lovely in woman; one whose welfare is dearer far to me than my own, and without whose presence I could not live. Valietort, thnt prize, — that treasure, that dearer half of myself, is yours, — yours for ever. 1 have long wished you should love each other, and I felt, when you met, you would. If I have hitherto forborne from expressing this fondest wish of my heart, it has Iwen from delicacy — from a natural fear of compromising the purity of my adored Clara. Now, however, you have confessed yourself interested, by a description that falls far short of the true merit of that dear girl, I can no longer disguise my grotification and delight. Vallctort," he concluded, impressively, " there is no other man on earth to whom I would say so much ; but you were formed for each other, ond you will, you must, be the husband of my sister." If the youthful and affectionate De Haldimar was happy. Sir Evcrard was no less so ; for already, with the enthusiasm of a young man of twenty, ho painted to himself the entire fruition of those dreams of happiness that had so long been familiarised to his imagination. A single knock was now heard at the door of the apartment ; it was o|)ened, and a sergeant appeared at the entrance. " The company are under arms for punishment parade. Lieutenant Vallctort," said the man, touching hij cap. In an instant, the visionary prospects of the young men gave place to the stern realities connected wiUi that announcement of punishment. The treason of Halloway, — the absence of Frederick de Haldimar, — the dangers by which they were beset, — and the little present proba- bility of a re-union with those who were most dear to them, — all these recollections now flashed across their minds with the rapidity of thought; and the conversation that had so recently passed between Ihcm seemed to leave no other impression than what is produced from some vi- sionary speculation of the moment CHAPTER VIII. As the bells of the fort tolled the tenth hour of morn- ing, the groups of dispersed soldiery, warned by the roll, ing of the assembly drum, once more fell into their re. spcctive ranks in the order described in the opening of this volume. Soon afterwards the prisoner Halloway was reconducted into the square by a strong escort, who took their stations as before in the immediate centre, where the former stood principally conspicuous to the observation of his comrades. His countenance was paler, and had less, perhaps, of the indifTerencc he had pre viously manit'ested ; but to supply this tiicre was a certain subdued air of calm dignity, and a composure that sprang, doubtless, from the consciousness of the new character in which he now appeared before his superiors. Colonel dc Haldimar almost immediately followed, and witli him were the principal staff of the garrison, all of whom, witi the '.'xccption of the sick and wounded and tlicir attend- onti, wore presiut to a man. The former took from the ha nis of the adjutant, Lawson, a large packet, consisting of several sheets of folded piiiwr clowly written upon. These were the proceedings of the oouf t martial. After enumerating the several charges, and detailing the evidence of the witnesses examined, the governor came at length to the finding and sentence of the court, which were as follows : — " The court havingly duly considered the evidence ad. duced against the prisoner private Frank Halloway, to- gether with what he has urged in his defence, are of opinion, — " That with regard to the first charge, it is not proved. " That with regard to the second charge, it is .not proved. " That with regard to the third charge, even by his own voluntary confession, the prisoner is guilty. " The court having found the prisoner priviilc Frank Halloway guilty of the third charge prefirred against^ him, which is in direct violation of a standing order of the garrison entailing capital punislinicnt, do hereby sentence him, the siiiti prisoner, private Frank Halloway, to lie s'lot to death nt such time anIAR, Colonel Commandant." While these concluding remarks of the court were be- ing read, the prisoner inanil'estcd the deepest emotion. If a smile of scorn had previously played upon his lip, it was because he fancied the court, before whom he hod sought to vindicate his fame, had judged him with a severity not inferior to his colonel's ; but now that, in the presence of his companions, he heard the flattering attestation of his services, coupled even as it was with the sentence that condemned him to die, tears of gratitude and pleasure rose despite of himself to his eyes ; and it required all his self-command to enable him to abstain from giving expression to his feelings towards those who had BO generously interpreted the motives of his derelic- tion from duty. But when the melancholy and startling fact of the approval and confirmation of the sentence met his ear, without the slightest allusion to that mercy which had been so urgently recommended, he again overcame his weakness, and exhibited his wonted air of calm and unconcern. " Let the prisoner be removed, Mr. Lawson," ordered the governor, whose stern and somewhat dissatisfied ex- pression of cdunlcnnnce was the only comment on tho recommendation for mercy. The order was promptly executed. Once more Hallo- way left the square, and wos reconducted to the cell he had occupied since the preceding niglit. " Major Black water," pursued the governor, " let a de- tachment consisting of one half tlic garrison be got in readiness to leave the fort within the hour. Captain Wcntwortli, three pieces of field artillery will lie required. Let them be got ready also." He then retired from the area, while the officers, who had just received his com. mands, prepared to fulfil the respective duties assigned them. Since the first alarm of the garrison no opportunity had hitherto been afforded the officers to snatch the slightest refreshment. Advantage was now taken of the short inteival allowed by the governor, and they all re- paired to the mess-room, where tlicir breakfast had long since been provided. " Well, Blessington," remarked Captain Erskine, as he filled his plate fi>r the third time from a large haunch of smoke-dried venison, for which his recent skirmish with the Indians Imd given him an unusual relish, " so it appears your recommendation of poor Halloway to mercy is little likely to be attended to. Did you remark how displeased the colonel looked as he bungled through it? One might almc^t be tempted to think he had an interest ,i^ r I . i, .1 ■< , ''V ->.' • ■■ :-i*;;; |:^.i [-"' m 'is'*?.'-.;:- 222 Vi'ACOl'8r4., oil THE I'KOPIIICCV. ^^■c h:':i 1\ in the mail's dciiUi, so (icturiiiiuud dcxa lie appear to curry his point." Although severiil ot' his coin|>anion9, |)€rliaps, felt and tliou(;lit tlio same, still there wus no one who would have ventured to avow his real sentiinents in so un(|uulified u nianiier. Indeed nueli an ohservation proeeediiifj Iroiii the lips of any fitlier otVieer would have exeited the utinosl surprise; butt'aptain Krskine, a brave, hnhl, I'rank, and soinewliat tlioujjhtU'KS soldi' r, was one of those beinjr:< who arc privileged to say any Ihinj;, His opinions were usually expressed without eercniony; and his speech was not the most eircunis|M?('t nnir, as since his return to the fort he had swallowed, fasting, two or three glasses of a favourite spirit, which, without intoxicating, had greatly excited him. " I remarked enough," said Cajitain Blessington, who sal leaning his head on one hand, while with the other lie occasionally, and almost meehanieally, raised a cnp filled with a licpiid of a pale blood colour to his lips, — " (luitc enough to make me regret from my very soul 1 should have lieeii his principal judge. I'oor llalloway,! pily liiin niiuh; for, on my honour, I believe liiiii to bo the goiillcini.n lie represents himself." " A liner fellow dm-s not live," remarked the last re. niaining otUcer of the grenadiers. " Hut surely C'olonel de Ilaldiniar cannot mean to carry the sentence into clfect. The reconiinendation of a court, couched in such terms as those, ought alone to have some weight with him." " It is quite clear, from tlic fact of his having liccn re- manded to his cell, the execution of the [loor lellow will be deferred at least," observed one of Captain Krskine's subalterns. " If the governor had intendeil he should BulTcr immediately, he would have had him shot the mo. nient after his sentence was read. I!ut what is the ineaiiiiig and object of this new sortie I and whither are wc now "■oin,i? Do yon know, Captain Krskine, our company is again ordered for this duty.'" " Know it, Leslie! of course I do; and fiir that reason nm I paying my court tA tli<^ more substantial part of the breakfast, (^oiiie, IJIessington, my dear fellow, you have quite lost your ap|K'titc, and we may have sharp work Ik'- fore we get back. Follow my example : throw that nasty blood-thickening sassafras away, mid lay a foundation from this venison. None sweeter is to bti found in the forests of America. A few sliees of that, and then a glass each of my iK'st .Ininaica, and wc shall have strength to go through the cx|Mdilion, if its object bo the capture of Uie iKild I'onteac hiniself." " I presume the object is rather to seek for Captflin de Haldimar," said Lieutenant Hoyce, the olVieer of grena- diers i " but in tlial case why not send out his own com- pany i" " Becauso the colonel prefers I rusting to cooler heads and more ex|H'rieneed arms," gmxl-humouredly oliserved (.'aptain Krskine. " lilessinglon is our senior, and his men are all old stagers. .Afy lads, too, have had their mettle up already this morning, and there is nothing like that to prepare iin n for u dash of enterprise. Il is with them a.s with blood lioriis, the more you put them on (heir s|>ee(l the less anxious are they to quit the course. Well, .lohns'one, my brave Scot, ready for another skir- mish f" he asked, as that ollieer now entered to salisly the cravings of an apjH'titu little inferior to that of his captain. " With ' Nunquam non paralus' fur my mollo," gaily returned the young man, "it werr odd, iiulerd, ifa mere Bcratch like tliis should prevent im iVom edahlishing my I'laim to it by following wherever iiiy gallant ca lain leads." "Most conrleonsly spoken, and little in thn spirit ol a man vcl smarting under the inlllelicmof a rille wound, it must ho confessod," rrniarked liientenant Leslie, " But, .lulinslnnc, you should twar in mind a lisi close adliorcncn to that motto has been, in some degrei', liilal to your (iiniily." " No relleellons, Leslie, if you please," rptnriic-d ins brnthvr suballern, slightly reddnning. " If the lieud ol our family was unfoiinnatn enough to lio considered a traitor to Kiigland, he was not so. at least (o Seotlanil! and Seolland was the land of his birth, lint lei lii«|Hi. litical eirors bn IbrgollPii. Though the winged spur no longer ailorii thn IsKiteil lirel id° an enrl of Annandale. the lime may not bo far distant when somo liberal anl impular monnreh of Kngland shall ustoro a lille forfoil- ed neither Ihriingh eowardico nor dishnnnnr, but from nn (TrnneoMs sense of duly." "'I'hat is lo sny," multeri-l Knsign Dolme, looking round liir approval as ho sjHiko, " that our present kiiip IB iioitlicr liboral nor impular. Wsll, Mr. Juhnstuiio, wem such an observation to reach the cars of Colonel de Haldimar you would stand a very fair ulmncc of being Lrought to a court martial." " That is to say nothing of the kind, sir," somewhat lioicely retorted tlio young Scot; " but any thing I do say yon are at liberty to repeat to v'olonol do Haldimar, or whom you will. I cannot understand, Leslie, why you should liavo made any allusion to the inisliirtunes of my family at this particular moment, and in this pub lie manner. I trust il was not with a view to olfeiid me;" and he fixed his largo black eyes ii|k)Ii his brother subaltern, as if lie would have read every thoughl of Ills mind. " I'pon my honour, Johnstone, I meant nothing of the kind," frankly returned Leslie. "1 merely meant lo hint that as you had had your share of service this niurniiig, yon might, ut least, have sulVered ine lo borrow your -ipurs, while you leposed for the piesoni on ymir laurels." " There are my gay and gallant Sects," exelaimod Captain Krskine, as ho swalioweil otV a glass of the old Jamaica which lay before him, and with which he usually neutralised the acidities of a meat breakfast. .Settled like gonlleiiien and lads of spirit, as ye are," ho pursued, as tlio young men cordially shook each other's hand across the table. " What an enviable com. mand is mine, to have a company of brave (cllows who would tiicc the devil himself were il necessary ; and two hot and impatient subs., who aro ready to cut each other's throat for tlio pleasure of accompanying mo against a sot of savages that arc lilllo lioller than so many devils. Come, .lohnstone, you know the ("olonel allows us but one sub. at a time, in consequence of our scarcity of oiKccrs, llierelbre il is but fair Leslie should have his turn. It will not bn long, I daro say, before we shall have another brush with the rascals." ' In my opinion," observed Captain Hlcssington, who had been a silent and tlionglilliil wilnesH of what was passing around him, "neither Leslie nor .lohnstone would evince so much anxiety, were tiioy aware of the true nature of the duty for which our eompiinics have been ordered. l)e|)end n|>on it, it is no soarch after Captain do Haldimar in which wo aro about to ho en. gaged; for much as the colonel loves his son, he would on no account compromise the safety of the garrison, by sending a party into the forest, where poor Do Hal- dimar, if alive, is at all likely to bo Ibuud." " b'aith yon are right, Hlcssington ; the governor is not one to run these sort of risks on every occasion. My chief surprise, indeed, is, that ho sntlercd nie to venture oven u|)on the coi.nnnn ; but if we aro not de. signed for some hostile expedition, why leave the IbrI at all ?" ' The question will need no answer, if Hullowoy be found to accompany us." 'I'slia! why should llalloway bo taken out for the purpose? If he lie shot at all, ho will he shot on the ramparts, in tlio ple^en^n ol", and as an example to, the whole garrison. Still, on retlcelion, I cannot but think it impfissible the sentence should bo carried into full tfect, after the strong, nay, the alinusl unpreei'dcnled reconimendiition to mercy recorded on the face of the proceedings." Captain Hlcssington shook his head despondlngly "What think yon, Krskine, of the pcdiey of making nn example, which inny Isi witnessnd by the enemy as ivc IS the gcirri.inn ? It is evident, from liis demeanour throngliont, nothing will convince the colonel that Itnl- lowiiy is not a traitor, and he may think it iidvi-nble t'. itrik'o terror in the iniiids of the savages, by an exerii. tioii which will have llioptTect of showing ihe (reason if the snhliir to havo been discoveied." In thi" opinion nmny of the ollirrrs eeneurreil; and as the liite of the niiM-rtuniiti' Hal. ay began to :\s«iinie a churacter of almost ceil;iinte, even the spirit of the giillant Kr«kine, the least subdued liv llie recent ili"iressing I'vents, was nverelouded; and all siinlt, ns it l>v one consent, into silent eommniiion wi'li tliilr Ihiiugbts, as they ahiiost meclianieally eoiiiplited til meal, at which habit lather than ap|H!tite still eoiitinnnd them. Helbte any of tliemhad yet risen from the table, ;i loud and piercing srrram met their ears finiii hIiIioiiI ; iind so quick and universal was the inovenient It pn diieeil, that its oelin had scarcely vol died awiiy In (lis- tanre, when the whole of tlin liiealifaBt parly had issued from I lie room, and won' already speclalors of the eiiu-ie As the (iHicers now pnssed from the mess-roiim nearlv oppo-site to (he gate, tiiev iiliserved, at that part of llic barracks wliirh ran at right angles with il, and iinnie diately in front id" the apartment of the younger I)r Ilaldiniar, wlienco ho Imd ajipareiilly just issued, I he governor, struggling, though gently, lo disengage liim. self from a feinulo, who, with disordered hail and drc,} lay almost prubtialu ii|Hin (he piazza, and elaspiijir |,J booted leg with an cncigy evidently burrowed Iniin H;,. most rooted despair. The quii:k eye of the lKui;;liiy man had already rested on the group of ollicers ilrauj by the scicam of the supplicant. Nun;biirs, loo, of tin men, attracted by the same cause, wero collected in fiont of their respective block-lionscs, and looking |>(,n the windows of the rooms in which they were ,i|>„ bicakfastiiig, preparatory to the expcdii ion. Vcxoil iimj irritated beyond incasuie, ut being thus made a (oii^iiii. cuous object of observation to his inliiriors, Ihe niibiiid. iiig governor made u violent and successful elliirtio disengago his leg; and then, without uttering a. wcirii or otherwise noticing the unhappy being who Iny r\, tended at his Ic'cl, ho stalked across (lie parade to Iik apartments at the op|M>silu angle, without appianiinio manitcst the .'•lightest euesLiousness of the scene Uqi hud an akeiied such universal ultcntion. S'vcral of the oftieers, among whom was Captain lllis. singlon, now hastciu'd to (he assistance of the teriiali whom all had recognised, from the first, to be the iii|(. resting and unhappy wife of Halloway. Many nf llif comrades of the latter, who had been pained ami pityinj s|R'eta(ors of the scene, also advanced tiir the saiiic |uir. pose ; but, on perceiving their object anticipated bvtiicit superiors, they withdrew (o (he block .houses, whtiuc t hey had issued. Never was grief more forcibly di'iiirlfi than in (ho whole ap|H'arance of this unlbrtunalt woniim; never did anguish assume a charucler more lillirf i, I touch the soul, or lo cominand respect. Her loiij; liir hair, that had hitherto In'on hid under the coarse iiidi cap, usually worn by the wives of the soldiers, was coir divc-ited of all fastening, and lay shadowing a while i polished Imsom, which, in her violent struggles to iliiain j the governor, had burst from its rude but modest rnr. .'iiieiiient, and was now displayed in all the d.i7.'/.liiig iKIi. caey of youth and sex. If the ofVicers gazed for a mo. I ment with (^xciti d look U[)on charms that had long Iron strangers lo their sight, and of an order tlicy hau little deemed to find in Kllcn Hallowuy, it was hut tin involiintnry tribute rendered by nature unto licnnlr. i The depth and sacrcdness of that sorrow, which liiiil Iril the wretched wonion unconscious of her exposure, in Ihf instant afterwards imposed a check upon ndiiiirntion, which each felt lo lie a violation of (he first priiui|il« »i' I human delicacy, and the feeling was repressed allUll^llB (he inomenl that gave it birth. They were iinmediatcly in front of the room eccuiiinl I by Charles de llahlimar, in (he pinz.za of which wrrr 1 1 I'vw old chairs, on which Ihe ollicers were in the haliiloi'| llnowing themselves during tlic heat of the day. (In I one of these Captniii Hlcssington, assisted by Ilie oilir.r [ of greninliers, now s'l ing on Ihe pi;il in llio yoiin;; w iijiim with ill' of llttliovvay liad aheiuly thrown hersi-lf her krieei at the bed side nf the siek oHieer ; iin|ilieiliii leans of saviii(r your unlbrtuiiiile hiis. iniieli for his own sake as for yours would lave nut the power. Do not (liink Ihe onieert.ttliow'l || (ihulitcdloiiolil (he iiio-it iiiH«"'it*l ■ler i.\tniiie »oii«*| •|«'.ik without eoiivietion. My father lins just Ik... ^illl nil, mill 1 have ph'iided Ihe enilse of your hiishaiid 'liniicarni'slness 1 should scarcely liave used had my II life Inch nt stake. Hut all my entrenli4's linvi' hi en >iiii. lie is nlwllniile in the Is'llef my brolher's ii'C^ nbrenec, and Doie'llaii'a death, are "uttnUiitahle lioiiie.^, tt never ollierwiso infriii);ed than liy the assislaino so- erelly and occasionally rendered to the Kniflish troops, whose fold they wore j;lad to rccive in cxelianjje for the necessaries of lile. Kvery dwellinjr of the infiint to\7r liad comiuenced jjiviiijr up its lenanls, from Ihe iiionniil .vlieii the head of the delaelniienl was seen Iraversinir the drawhridfre ; ■:i> thai, by the time it reached the hit;Iiway, anil look its ilireetiou lo the lell, the whole |Kipulatiou of Diiroit were already as.«'iiililed in ijronps, and ^;ivia^ e.vpiession to their several conjecture.', with a vivacity of laii^iiaRo and energy of (jeslieulatiuii that ivoiihl not ha\e dis- irraeed the parent land iL-elf. As Ihe troops drew nearer, however, liny all sank at onee into a silence, as much the result o( certain nnaekni.tt ledjred mid mide- liiied fears, as of the respect tlie Kn^rlisli had ever liecu lecustoined to exact. At Ihe further extremily of the town, and at a bend in the road, which branehed oil' more iininediately towards tiio river, stood a small public house, whose erenkiiifr (;u Isire three ill executed (lenr-delis, apolofrelie ein- hleiiis of the arms of rranee. The huildinjr itsilf was little more than n rude lop hut, aloufr the front of wliicli ran a plank, supinirted by two stumps of Irei's, and serv- ing as a temporary accommodation both for the traveller and Uie inmate. On this bench three persoii-s, np|)areiitly altrncted by (he lM'au(y of the day and the mildness of the autumnal sun, were now sealed, two of whom were leisurely pull'mir their pi|H's, wliih' the third, a female, was employed in eardinj; wool, a (piaiitity of which lay in n basket at her feel, while she warbled, in a low tone, one of the siniph' nirs of her native land. The ehler of the two men, whose ape iniplit he nlsint fifly, oU'ered nothing remarkable in his ap|M'nrnnee; , .\ was dressed in a coat made of (he eonimoii white blanket, while his hair, cut square u|Hm Ihe forehead, and lied into a club of nearly a foot long, fell into the eaiie or hood attached to it. His companion was habited in a still more extraordi- nary manner. His hiwer limbs were cased, up lo tho inid-tlii(r|i, in lealhern leupinjrs, llie seam of which was on the outside, h'avinp a iiiar(riii, or Isirder, of almiit on inch wide, whieh had liceii slit into iiinumernblc small frinjres, frivini; Ihem an air of elejranee and liirlidiess: a (;ar(er of leadier, curiously wroiiirhl, with (he s(ained quills of (he porcupine, em ireled each lej;, i ledialely under the knee, where il was tied in a bow, and then siill'ered to hang; |H'iidaiit halfway down Ihe limb; lo (ho frmjTi'H of the lejrjriuKs, iiioreo\er, were allnched iiuiiie- rons dark-coloured horny suhst iiiees, emiltiiijr, as tliey raided apiiins( each odier, at the sliulidst movement of (he wearer, a (inkliiii; souiiil, reseiiihlinuf (hat prod d by a nnmhir of small ihindelieale brass bells; (liese were the ll iiilc r hiKifs of (he wild deer, ilricd, scraped, and otherwise prepared for Ihis oriiaiiiinlal purpose. The Ibriii and fncv. of (his individiinl were in |ierfect keepiiiu wilh (he H(yle of his eosdiiiie, and (he eliaraetrr of bis cquipmeid. His slalme was Isvoiid (hat of ilie orihni ly race of men, and his addede and must iilar liiiihs ""It'll 'I xlreines ol'slreii(;lli and iie(ivi(y. His (iadires, marked anil promineiil, wore n easi of hiihidial (lioiiphl, Irmirely dnelmed with lirmily ; and the e.vpression of llierwise not iinhiindsome eonnlrnanee was re|K lleiit en iiii;e and the lii;;li eolliir of his coal, lliero was an ir of delieiiey abiiiil Ins person Hint seemed lo lender I to sui ll an olllie ; and iiioro than oni o was mil iiiisiiik'i Cap'ain Diskine, who liillowed imni'dialely behind him ill (he hind of his eoiiipany, eoinpelled lo call sharply to the uri hill, llirentininjr liiiii u ilii a week's drill unless he inc. lied his leelile ntiil iiiieipial pi lid kept fn miller Ihn li-el of hi" men. The reiiiuiiiiii|f (iim iironijhl ii|i (lin rear ofdie delnehmriil, who miirched with lixed linyoiiels niid two halls in each tnilsket ; die whnln pre- seiitinpa liiiiit of leelioiis, (bat complelely filled up (he toad nloni! « Inch I hey passed. Colonel de lluliliiiiar. Caplaiii \Vi iil»iirlli,aiid (ho Adju(aiil Iinwsun liilloweil ill (hn ex(reine rear. An even( so singular ns (hat ofthoapiH'aranrr of the Kii)rhsli williout their liirt, beset ns (hey were by a lios( (if tierce nnd daniieioiis eneii^es, whs iioI likely (n pn^n unniidced by a siiiohi iudivliliinl in dm liKln villniie oi Hi(roi(. We have ntrendy ohservd, dia( niiiM( of (lie eid'Uilst sedlers hid lH>en cruelly mnssneied at (he leiy oiiuit uf luuilililirs. Nut su, liuwever, wllli lh|i his I di al.iiiil'ul. A( (he (irs( Klaine he iiiit;ht have 1h' taken liir cue of the swnrll loiill ll till and IV natives i if till but eoiislant inpiisure lo Heoreliiii(f mns had ffiveii In his eomph'iiioii a ihiskv hue, still Ihtre was iiiliii(r the qiiieli, hhu'k, penedalinp eye ; (he hipli •liei k Isme ; llie slrniiilil rse, shininif biaek hi I (lu siiiiill bony hniiil nml I'ool ; nnd (he pineidly proud and SI I inns air, by wliieli (he liirmer is ilisdii|>nislied. His own eye was of n deep Idiiish pray ; his hair sliin(, dark, and Wavy; his hands lari;e and iniiseiilar ; and so far I'rom exhihidiu; iinv of (hi sell'-eoimiiand of (he liidii (he eoiis(aii( play of his li'ndires he(rayj>r j«i lu d ■ !■,■(■; , "''i * i 1 i ,1 c *• '■■ ''li «tl,a. ■|r- i ' 1^ 224 Wacousta, ok the prophecv. ^'vr. i.:""^. ' tlie bend in the road, these two individimls were con- versing earnestly together, pausing only to putt' at inter- vals thick and wreathing volumes of smoke from their pijws, which were filled with a mixture of tobacco and odoriferous herbs. Presently, however, sounds that ap. peaied familiar to his ear arrested the attention of the wildly accoutred being we liave last dcscrilK.'d. It was tlie licavy roll of the artillery carriages already advancing along the road, UTid somewhat iu the rear of the hut. To dash his pipe to the ground, seize and cock and raise liis ride to his shoulder, was but the work of a moment, Startled by the suddenness of the action, his male companion moved a lew paces also iVom his seat, to discover the cause of this singular movement. The female, on the contrary, stirred not, but ceasing tor a moment tlie occupation iu which she had been engaged, fixed her dark and brilliant eyes upon the tall form of the rifleman, whose athletic limbs, tiirown into powerful relief by the distention of each nerve and muscle, ap- pearcd to engross her whole admiration and interest, without any reference to the cause that had produced this abrupt and hostile change in his movements. It was evident that, unlike the other inhabitants of the town, this group had been taken by surprise, and were utterly unprepared to expect any thing in the sha|>e of interrup- tion. Tor upwards of a minute, during which tlio march of the men became audible even to the ears of the female, the formidable warrior, for such his garb denoted him to be, continued motionless in the attitude he had at first osmmed. No sooner, however, had the head of the ad- vaiicing column come within sight, than the aim was taken, the trigger pulled, and the small and ragged bullet B|M;d hissing from the grooved and delicate barrel. A triumphant cry was next [K-aled from the lips of the warrior, — a cry produced by the quickly repeated appli- cation and removal of one haiul to and from the month, while the other suttered the butt end of the now harmless weapon to fall loosi^ly upon the earth. He then slowly and deliberately withdrew within the cover of the liut. This daring action, which had been viewed by the leading troops with astonishment not unminglcd with alarm, occasioned a temporary confusion in the ranks, for all believed they had f^iUeii into an ambuscade of the Indians. A halt was instvntly commanded by Captain Blessington, iu order to give time to the governor to come up from the rear, while he iroceeded with one of the leading sections to reconnoitre the front of the hut. To liis surprise, however, he found neither enemy, nor evi- ilenco that an enemy had been there. 'I'lio only individuals visible were the Canadian, and the dark-eyed female. Doth were seated on the- bench ;— the one smoking his pipe with a well assnmed np|K-arance of unconcern — the other carding her wool, but with a hand that by a close observer might be seen to tremble in its office, and a cheek that was paler than at the moment when we first placed her before tlie imagination of the reader. Both, however, started with unatVieted surprise on seeing Captain Blessington and his little force turn the corner of the house from the main road; and certain looks of recognition passed between all parties, lliat proved them to be no strangers to each other. "Ah, monsieur," said the Canadian, in a mingled dialect, neither Trench nor lOnglish, while he attempted an ease and freedom of manner that was too miserably ntVected to pass current with the mild but observant otfieer whom he addressed, " how miieli surprise I am, and glad to see yon. It is a long times sineo you came out of de fort. I liois' de governeur and do olheir Ihi uU very well. I was tinking to go lo-day to see if you want any ling. I have got some nice rum of the Jamaique for Capitaine ilrskim'. Will yon please to try some'" While speaking, the voluble host of the I''leur de lis had risen iVniii his seat, laid aside his piiM% and now stood with his hands thrust into his pockets of his blanket coal. " It is indeed a long time sinre we have hirn here, Master Francois," somewhat Biireustieally and drily re. plied C.iptiiin HleBsin«tc)ii ; " and yoii have not visited us quite so oUen Utterly yourself, tliiiugli well aware we were in want of fresh provisions. I give you all dne credit, however, for your intention of eoming to-day, but you see we have an'lieiputed you, Still this is not llu' point. Where is the Indian who fired at us j>ist now / and how i't it wr finil you li'ngiied with our enemies I" " WIml, sir, is it yoii say '" asked the Canailiiiii, holil- ing up his hiinds with 'feigned nsloiiishiiieiil. " Me league myself with de savage. l'|>on my honour I did not «pn nnhmly lire, or I Blioiild tell you. I love do Knglish loo well to ilo dein harms." "Come, come, Franvuis, no nouionse. If I canuot make you confers, thei c is one not far from me who will You know Colonel ile Haldiitiar too well to imagine he will be trifled with in this manner : if he detects you in a falsehood, he will certainly cause you to be hanged up at the first tree. Take my advice, tlierelbre, and say where you have secreted this Indian ; and recollect, if we fall into an ambuscade, your life will be forfeited at tl)c first shot we hear fired." At this moment tlie governor, followed by his adjutant, came rapidly up to the sjKjt. Captain Blcssington com- municated tlic ill success of his queries, when the former cast on the terrified Canadian one of those severe and searching looks which he so well knew how to assume. Where is the rascal who fired at us, sirrah? tell me instantly, or you have not five minutes to live." The heart of mine host of the Fleur de lis quailed within him at this formidable threat; and the usually ruddy hue of his countenance had now given place to an ashy paleness. 8lill as he had jmsitively denied all knowledge of the matter on which he was questioned, he apjxjured to feel his salety lay in adhering to his original statement. Again, tliiretbre, fie assured the governor, on his honour (laying his hand u|>on his heart as he spoke,) that what he had already stated was the fact. " Your honour — you pitiful trading scoundrel — how dare you talk to me of your honour ? Come, sir, confess at once where you have secreted this fellow, or prepare to die." " If I may be so bold, your honour," said one of Cap- tain Bleasington's men, " tlie Frenchman lies. When the Ingian tired among us, this fellow was peeping under his shoulder and watching us also. If I had not seen him too otten at the fort to be mistaken in his person, I should have known him, at all events, by his blanket coat and red handkerchief." I'his blunt statement of the soldier, confirined as it was the instant afterwards by one of his comrades, was damning proof against the C'anudiaii, even if the fact of the rille being discharged from the front of the liut had not already satisfied all parties of the falsehood of his as- sertion. "Come forwaro, a couple of files, and seize this villain," resumed the governor with his wonted sternness of man- ner. " .Mr. Lawson, see if his hut docs not afford a rope strong enough to hang the traitor from one of his own apple trees." Uuth parties proceeded at the same moment to execute the two distinct orders of their chief. The Canadian was now firmly secured in the grasp of the two men who had given evidenco against him, when, seeing all the horror of the dreadtiil fate that awaited him, he confessed the individual who had fired had been sitting with him the instant previously, but that he knew no more of liim than of any other savage occasionally calling at the Fleiir de lis. He added, that on diseharging the rifle he had bounded across the iHilinga of the orchaid, and fled in the direction of the forest. He denied all knowledge or bi'lief of an enemy waiting iu ambush ; stating, moreover, even the individual in question had not been aware of the sortie of the detachment until apprised of their near approach by the heavy sound of the gun car- riages. Here are undeniable proofs of the man's villnny, sir," said the adjutant, returning I'ruin the hut and exhibiting objects of new and fearful interest to the govt^rnor. " 'I'his hat anoiiellaii, as your honour kniivts. Iliil ns tiir his dress, though I eoiild we it all, I seareely can lell how lo deserils' il. All I know is, he was eiivered with smoked deer skin, in some such liiiMon as the great rliief I'oiiteae, only, Instead of having hi* head hare and shaved, he wore n strange outlandish sort of a hal, covered over with wild birds' ft-athers in iVonI," " Enough," interrupted the governor, motionini; the man to silence ; then, in an under tone to himsc lt;~" j) heaven, the very same." A shade of diseppointmoni and suppressed alarm, passed rapidly across his br»w' it was but momentary. "Captain Blcssington," he tt dercd quickly and impatiently, "search the liut ano' grounds for this lurking Indian, who is, no doubt « creted in the neighbourhood. Quick, quick, sir ; tluro k no time to be lost." Then in an intimidaliiig loneio the Canadian, who had already dropped on his kn(„ supplicating mercy, and vociferating his innocence in th, same brealh, — " So, you infernal scoundrel, this ig tile manner in which you have repaid our confidence. Where is my son, sir ? Or have you already murdered liim, „ you did his servant ! Tell me, you villain, what have Jca to say to these proofs of your treachery ? Butstny, I i,"h)|| take another and fitter opportunity to question you. .Mr Laweon, secure this traitor properly, and let him be con. vcyed to the centre of the detachment." The mandate was promptly obeyed ; and in despite of I his own unceasing prayers and protestations of innutciice and tile tears and entreaties of his dark-cycd dau«hlfr Babctte, who had tlirown herself on her knees nt his'sido llie stout arms of mine host of the Flcur de lis were scoo firmly secured behind his back with tlie strong rope tint had been found under such suspicious circunistuiicet in his possession. Before he was marched oH", however i«o of the men who had been sent in pursuit, returned from the orchard, stating that furtlier search was now fruitless, Thejr had penetrated tlirough a small tliicket at the pj. trcmity of ttie grounds, and had distinctly seen a nun answering the description given by tlieir comrades, in full flight towards the forest skirting the heights in I'rpnt The governor was evidently far from being salislieij j with the result of a search too late instituted to leave even a prospect of success. " Where arc the Indiui principally encamped, sirrah ?" he sternly demanded oi his captive ; " answer me truly, or I will carry off tliii i wench as well, and if a single hair of a man of mine be even singed by a shot from a skulking enemy, you niai expect to see her bayoneted before your eyes." " Ah, my God ! Monsieur le Gouverneur," exclnimfd tlie atTrightcd aubergiste, " as I am an honest man, I shall tell do truth, but spare my child. They arc nllin dc forest, and half a mile from dc little river dat nins be- tween dis and de Pork Island." " Hog Island, I suppose you mean." " Yes sir, do Hog Island is dc one I means," " Conduct him to the centre, and let him be cunrrnnM 1 with tlio prisoner," directed the governor, addressing b I adjutant; "Captain Blessington, your men may rntn I their stations in the ranks." The order was obeyed ; mi I notwithstanding the tears and Bupplications of the not I highly excited liabette, who flung herself upon his netli,! and was only remeved by force, the terrified Cauaiii»j| was bornu utt' t'roni his premises by tlie troops. CHAPTER X. While this scene was enacting in fVontoftlio Heurikl lis, one of s far more touching and painful nature m passing in the very heart of tlie detachment ilsell'. Ail the moment when the halt was ordered by Cuptaiii BIl ill some degree hiiiilen by the forward drooping nl'liislnill n|>on Ills I'hesf. Hitherto he had moved ailllo^t niicliinl eally along, tottering and embarrassing himself at mil step under the ciiinbluus drum tliat was su«|H'niled (tJT a Im'U round his neck over the lel\ thigh ; but now llm w.is a certain indeserilmble drawing up of the I'ramtM triision of the whole |x!rson, denoting a coneenlniliir. all the nifiral and physical energies, — a siidili'ii waiiua up, as it were, of the intellei'timl and eor|Hireal liriiiM some ilelermiiied and momentous piir|iose. At the first halt of the detachment, the weary iiii|> ers of the eofliii had depositnl their rude nnd lorl burden ii|sm the earth, pr«|Nirnfory lo it« beiin reiui by those ap|iciinled lo relievn them. The (lull m emitted by the hollow fabrir, ai it touched llir (r««^ aught the ear of him for whom il was drsl:nr(l, inill( Mi: w^mpim^^ ^mmi^©'^ ©im®wmm^iir® mi3i^^mT^ lor, motioning the 1 to himself,—" By of disoppoinlmfni, Y ncroBB his bro«; llcsBington," he ct. arch the hut and is, no doiibl, st. quick, sir ; tlierc « ntimidnlhig tone to ppcd on his V.nut, his innocence in the Dimdrcl, this is thj ■ confidence. Where y murdered him, ji Uain, what have vcu y? Butstny, IAjH question you. Mr. and let him be con. It." !d ; and in despite of jtations of innotxnce, dark-cycd dnughlft her knees ot his fiie, leur de lis were noon 1 tlic strong rope llisi Dus circumstuiicti! in ;hed oft', however two I ursuit, returned from rch was now fruillcw, lall tliicket at the ei. listinctly seen a mm iy their comrades, in g the heights in front. from being salitlied I to instituted to leivt here are the Inditii B Bternly demanded of I r I will carry off lliii r of a man of mine be I king enemy, you nn; your eyes.'" )uverncur," exclninifl! 1 em an honest man, 1 1 ;hild. They arc all in little river dat rum be. ' an |»no 1 means." let him be c«nfronl»dl rnor, addressing hu I our men nioy resun« I order was obtyed ; ml I iplications of the no< I herself upon his ricel, I ho terrified t'unidiui| the troops. ■1 front of the Heurdi id painful uiilurc«ii ictaehnient ilstll' .*i lored by Captain Bier c ranks that they liM execution of lh(ir il , imniodiate front »m ugh the rei»irt of tin nil, it had Inin »Hir] eeideiilal disilmrif «1 , murmur, ex^ircKml ,ed, iHiBBOil grailuillil ,h renched llii' i'»r)i| jched iM-hirid the o(lli| [)llar of his i(«il;iii jturcs by thiMii|i,>i [rd drooping ol'hisl"*! 'lovcd aluiost niiciiii ■sing hiinsi'U" at "" t was susl" iidrJ frs thigh ■ hilt nil" iH I upofthelVume, ling n cnnrriilrnlii L a BUildcii *-iM liid coriKinal IkiiiC liurpose. lit, the wrnry m. \v\r rude mid '"' to its l«'iii(t '""• III). The dull >• touched the If"" wasdcslimd.iwl' VOL. I« I'lIILAMBLlMIIA, APKIL S3, 1833. ISO. 15. rKi.MEi) ASi) I'l ULisHtn i.v Mi..\M WAJ.DIi;, .Nil. li, Niiuili RioiiTli Stiiekt, I'liir.AnKi.iMiu— At Jt!."> I'nr ii niinilu r.s, |Kiy:ilil.' In iiitvu'iii'i rilKH.MX N. Wrl'Ml & .'O. It' ..^Ki.r.Kits, II.M/n.MiiIiK, iir,- .\m'iita lor Hit' stall's of JMiiryliintl. Viraiiiiri, mid Oiiin, ririil ttn- oiiy ul' Ni-w Orii-niH. turned to gaze upon the sad und lonely tenement so shortly to become his final resting place. 'I'here was nn air ot calm composure and dignified sorrow upon his ijrow that infused res|)cct into the hearts of all who be- held himi nn'' ^'"^" "'" '""" selected to do the duty of o.KCCUtioncrs sought to evade his glance, as his steady eye n-andercd from right to lell of the fatal rank. His atten- tion however, was principally directed towards the coHin, which lay liclbrc hin» ; on this lie gazed fi.\cdly tor u|v wards of a minute. Ho then turned his eyes in the di- roction of the tort, shuddered, heaved a profound sigh, iiid looking up to lieaven, with the apparent fervour that became his situation, seemed to pruy tor a moment or two inwardly and devoutly. The thick and almost suffocating breathing of one immediately beyond the cot- till was now distinctly heard by all. Hallowny started from liis attitude of devotion, gazed earnestly on the form whence it proceeded, and then wildly extending his arms, suffered a smile of satisfaction to illumine his pale fea- tures. All eyes were now turned u|)on the drummer boy, wiio, evidently labouring under convulsive cxeitc- meiit of feeling, suddenly dashed his cup and instrument to the earth, and flew as fust as his tottering and uncer- tain steps would admit across tho coffin, and into the arms extended to receive him. " My Ellen ! oh, my own devoted, but too unhappy Ellen!" passionately exclaimed the soldier, as he clasjied the slight and agitated form of his disguised wife to his throbbing heart. " This, this, indeed, is joy even in death. I thought I could have died more happily without vou, but nature tugs |iowerfully at my heart ; and to see Vou once more, to feel you once more here" (and he pressed her wihily to his chest,) " is indeed a bliss that robs m'' approaching fate of half its terror." "Oh Reginald 1 my dearly beloved Reginald ! my iiiiir- 1 dercd hushand !" shrieked the unhappy woman ; " your Ellen tt ill not survive you. Her heart is already broken, I llioiigh she cannot weep ; but the same grave shall eon- l,iin us both. Reginald, do you helievo me 7 I swear it ; I the same grave shall contain us both." K.\lniHted with the fatigue and excitement she hud I umlcrj;oiii', the faithful and affectionate creature now lay, wiUioiil sense or inotio,,, in the arms of her wretched 1 hu.>band. ilalloway bore Iter, unop|>osed, a pace or two iu advance, and dc|iositcd her unconscious form on the I fatal colhii. .\o language of ours can render justice to the trying I character of tho scene. All who witnessed it were paiii- I fully affected, and over the hron:red cheek of many a vcte- I ran coursed a tear, tliat, like that of Stcrnt^'s recording I angel, Plight have blotted out a catalogue of sins. Al- ItliDiigh each was prepared to expect a repriiiiaiul from llii' (fiivi'inor, for suffering the prisoner to ipiit lii.s station I in the ranks, humanity and nature pleaded too |K)wrr- I fully in his behalf, und neither oHicer or man attempted Itn iulirlVri', unless with a view to render assistance. Iciptaiii Krskine, in particular, was deeply pained, und lifoulil have given any thing to reeni the liarsli laligungc Ihe had used towards the sup|ios('d idh) and inattentive Idruinniir lioy. Taking from a (loeket in his uiiitorm a liiiiall flask of brandy, which he had provided against IcaMiallics, the conipassiimuting officer slightly raised the llitad of the pale and uneunscioua v\'oiiinii with one hand, Ivvhil' with the other he mtrmlueed a few drops In tweeii Ihir parted lips. Ilallowoy knelt ut the opisisite side of Itlie eotfiii; (iiie hand searching, hiit in vain, the suspendeil Lil«' of his inanimate wife; tlir other, iiiibuttonitig the finastof the druiu-boy's jacket, which, with every other larl of the i'i|iiipmeut, she wore licneath the loose great rml wMll'i'itiniliy aeconiplinhing her disguise. Such was the |N>sition of Ihe chief neturs in this truly biFln'Ming drnniH, nt the mniiienl when Onlniiel de Hal. lliinar cniui' up with his new prisoner, to nnirk whni rlfret woiihl he priHiiieed nn llnlloway by his unex|H'rteil L|i|«'arnni'i'. His own surprise and (iissppnintiuiiil iiiny p easily rniii'iived, when, in the tiirin of the reeiinils'iil iiiiill who seemed to engross utiiversiil nttenlioii, he ri vitnineil, hy tin: lliir and sireuniing hair, niid half ex- biiM'd Iswiini, the unfortunate iH'iiig wlioiii, onlv two Boiira previously, he had spurned fi'niu his feet in the y«itiime of her own sex, and rediieeil, hy the viideiii'f of III i(ri«f,tii nliiiiMt iiifnntiiie debility, tiiiesliniisupeerdeil kiirproacliing it from the town, lay tho ndjncent shores of Canada, washed by the broad wnters of the Hetrcit, on which it was thrown into strong relief, nnd which, at the distance if alioiit a mile in front, was seen to divvrge into two distinct channels, pursuing each a separnte course, until tlii'y again met at Ihe western extremity of Hog Island. On the li'fl, and in the front, rose a succession of slightly iilihilntiiig hills, which, at a di.stnnce of little more than half a mile, terniiiiatcd ill an elevation considerably above the iminodinte level of the IVtroit side of the ravine. That, again, was crowned with thick nnd overhanging forest, taking its circulur sweep nrntmd the fort. The in- termcdinto ground was studded over with rude stumps , .' trees, and Imre, in various directions, distinct proofs of the spoliation wrought among the infant possessions of the murdered English settlers. 'I'lie view to the rear was less o|Hn J the town Isiiig partially hidden by'tlie fruit, laden orchards that lined the intervening high road, and hung pi'iiieipally im its lelV. This was not the case with the li>rt, lletween these orehards and the distant fbresl lay a line of o|h'ii eoimtry, fully commanded by its can- lion, even to the ravine we have ileserilsd, and iu a sweep that emliraeed every thing from the hiidge itself III tile liiresl, in whii'li all traces of its source was lost. When the delaeliment had nrrived \»'illiiii twenty yards of the bridge, they wern made lr> file ofl'tn the h'll, until the last gun had eonie up. They were then ficmtedj the rear sietinn of Captain Erskine's cnnipany rcsliiig on the riiiiil, nnd Ihe lri> flank, eoveriil by the two first guns |Hiiiiteil iiblii|ui'ly, Isith in t'runl nnd rear, to guard agniiisl surprise, iu the event of nny of the Indians stcnluig I'lHind to the cover of the nrehnrils. The route by whieli they hiid ajiproaeheil this s|H)t was upwards of two miles in evieiit ; iuit, astjicy now filed off into tlnnpeu ground, the lending sei'tiolis iilisrrved, in a iliriel line over the eli'ured eiiiiiilry, and nt the dislnnee of little more limn three quarters rfa niilc,tlie dark ramparts of Ihe (iirtress that eoiituiiicd their ronirudes, and could even distinguish the nnilbrms of the otKcers and men drawn up in lino along the works, where they were evidently assembled to witness the execution of the scntinci^ on Halloway. Such a tight as that of the English so far from their fort, was not likely to cseajK' the notice of the Indians. Their encainpinetit, as the Canadian had truly staled, lay within the forest, and beyond the elevated ground ulready alluded to; and to have crossed the ravine, or ventured out of reach of the cannon of the fort, would have been to have scaled the destruction of the dctaclnnent. Hut the oflicer to whom their security was entrusted, although he had his own particular views for venturing thus far, knew also at what point to stop ; nnd such was the con- fidence of his men in his skill nnd prudence, they would have fearlessly followed wherever he might have chosen to lead. Still, even oinid all the solemnity of prepara- tion attendant on the duty they w rre out to [icrform, tliero was a natural and secret npprchcnsiveness about each, that caused him to east his eyes freipiently nnd fixedly on that part of the forest which was known to aftbrd cover to their merciless Iocs. At times they fancied they beheld tlie dark and flitting forms of men gliding from tree to tree along the skirt of the wood ; but when they gazed ngnin, nothing of the kind was to bo seen, nnd the illusion was ut once ascribed to the heavy state of the at- mosphere, and the action of their own precautionary in- stincts. Meonwhilc the solemn tragedy of denlh was preparing in mournful silence. On the centre of the bridge, nnd visible to those even within the fort, was placed the coffin of Halloway, and nt twelve paces in front were drawn up the six rank and file on whom had devolved, by lot, tho cruel duly of the day. With calm and fi'arless eye the prisoner Burvcyed the preparations for his npproaching end; and whatever might be the inward workings of his mind, there was not among the assembled soldiery one individual whose countenance betrayed so little of sorrow and emotion as his own. With n firm step, when suiii- nioned, he moved towards the fatal coflin, oashing his cap to the earth ns ho adviuiced, nnd baring his chest withllio characteristic cnnlempt of dciith of the soldier. When he had reached the centre of the bridge, he turned facing his Romradcs, and knelt iqion the cnlfiii. ('aptnin liles- singlon, who, permitteil hy the governor, had (bllowed him with a sad heart and heavy step, now drew a prayer- book from his pocket, nnd rend from it in n low voice. He then closed tho volume, li.stcncd to something the pri- soner cnrnestly communicated to him, received n sninll packet whieli fie drew from the Imsom of his shirt, shook iiiin long and cordially by the hand, and then hastily re- sumed his post nt the head of the detachment. Till' principal inhabitants of the villngc, led by curio- sity, lind followed nt a distance to witness the execution of the condemned soldier; nnd nlsive the heads of tli« line, nnd crowning the slope, were eolleited groups of both se.xes nnd of nil ages, tliat gave a still nuire inqiosiiig eharnctcr to the fceric. i'lvery eye was now turned upon the firing party, who only nwnited the siifuul to exeeuto their nnlaneholy oflieo, when suddenly, in the direction of the forest, and upon the c\treme lieight, there burst the tremendous nnd denfening yells of more than a thuu- sand snvnges. For an instant llalluwny was forgotttn in the insliiiclivo sense of individual danger, nnd all gnzcd eagerly to nsii rtnin the movcminfs of their enemy. I're- seiitly n mnn, naked to the waist, Ins body nnd Ince bc- smenred with strenks of black nnd red paint, nnd his whole nttitudc expressing despair and horror, was seen flying down the height with n rapidity i>roportinned In the extreme peril in which he stood. At nliiiut filly pacts in his renr fiillowed a dozen bounding, sercnniiiig In- dians, armed with nplifled tomahawks, whose anxiety in pursuit lent lliein a s|S'ed that even surpassed the eflbrlH of flight itself. It was evident the olijn t iif the pursued Was to reaeli the detaehnient, that of the pinsnrrs to pre- vent him. The ntriigirle was iiiaintiilned lor a few mo- iiirnts with equality, hut in the end the latter were Iri. iiinphaiit, nnd nt eseli step the distance that sepnratt d llieiii lierame less. At till' first alarm, Ihe detnehimnt, with the exception of the firing parly, who still oeeupn il their ground, had Iseii thrown into sqiiure, nnd, kM\ a gun planted in eneli nngh', nwiilti d the nttaek monieiitn- rily ex|s>ited. Hut nlllioiigh the heights were now nlive with the dusky fiirins of naked warriors, who, I'rnni the •kin of the forest, watched tlipexprtlona ofth( ir fillows, * r)' 4 -■ - .'^^ff ^f ^■0 220 WACousTA, OK Tin: I'llOriiECV. m--- '"-.A'- r'n tlio iiiirs'nit oC tlie wti'IiIkiI fngilivo wiis cjiifini'il to llicsi) aloiH". Korriiiosl iil' the l:ii(<;r, niul (liy|iiiiriii!>liril \ty his violent c.xrrtiniiii iinil ticnills)) c:iis, was llii' lull iiiul wildly attired warrior of tho Klciir ilo lis. At every h.iiind he gained njion his victim. Already were tliey descending the nearest of the uiidnlutln<; hills, and hoUi now iH'oitine conspicuous oliji^tbi to all aronnd ; but prin- cipally the pursuer, whose jri^antic frame and extraordi- nary speed riveted every eye, even while the interest of ull was ex-<;ited I'or the wretched luffitife alune. At tli.it moment lliUoway, who had heen ff-T/"'!? "» the scene witli an astonisluneJit little inferior to that of llii oiinirailes, spranj; suddi iily to his feet upon the coilin, niul waving liis hand in tlic direetiin of the pnrsuinjr pucniy, .«hiiuted aloud in ii voice of mingled joy and triumph, — " II J 1 Ahniyfhty Ood, I thank thee! IIcio, here comes one wli) alone li.is the power to snatch me from my ini- pendinit doom." " liy lle.ivcn, tho traitor eonfi;sf;cs, and presumes to triumph in his guilt," exclaimed the vr.ieo of one, who, whilj elosi'ly attending to every movement of the In- dians, was also vit;ilanlly watching the ell'ect likely to he produced on tlie jirisoncr by this unexpected interrup- tion. "Curporal, do yonr ilnty." "Stay, ;1ay — onu uioment stay I" implored Ilalloway with uplifted Imnd^. " I)j your duty, «ir," fiercely repeated the governor. " ( )li stop — for (IojI'd sako, stop ! .\notlicr moment and he will Ik- Iktc, nnil I " lie said no moro — a dozen bullets penetrated his body — one pas.sed dir<«'tly through his heart. He heaped seve- ral feet in tho air, inxl then tell heavily, a Iifeles.s bleed- ing corpse, acrosB tlic eollln. Mw stood resting on the brow of the hill where the wrelehed Jl.illiiway had first reeiv^niisid his supposed deliverer, watching engcrly, Ihougli williin musket shot of the detacluuen", the result of a raco on which so much apparently depended. Neither party, however, attempted to intiTleri! with tlie other, liir all eyes were now turned ou the Hying man and his pursuer with un interiwt that denoted llio exlraorr in rcaehing too liir he lost Ins halanie, and fill heavily u|Min the .-tvaid. A shunt of exullalioii hurst fioin the I'nKlisli IriMips, and nimieroiis vnlees now eii- I'oiir.iged the pursued to renew his exertions. The ad- vii'o was not lost; ami althongli only a lew sieonds had elapsed belwi'iii the fall and reeovi ry of his pursuer, the wri'libril fugitive had already greatly inereaiid the dis- luliei' (bat separated them. A cry of siv.ige rage and diiiap|Hiiiilnii 111 burst from the lips of Ihn (>luniiliu war rinr; and concrntratiug all liis reinninliig sticnglh and speed into one final ell'ort, he bounded and leapt like a deer of the forest wlienci? be came. The opportunity for re- e iptiire, however, liad been lost in his fall, for already the pursued was within a few feet of the high road, and on the point of turning the extremity of the bridge. One only resource was now lell : the warrior suiUlenly checked himself in his course, and remained stationary ; then raising and dropping bis glittering weapon several times in a balancing imsition, he waited until the pursued bad gained the highest point of the open bridge. At that moment the glittering steel, aimed with singiilar'accuracy and precision, ran whislliiig through the air, and with such velocity of movement as to be almost invisible to the eyes of those who attem|ited to follow it in its threat- ening course. All e.\|)ected to see it enter into the brain :igainst wliicli it bad lieen directed; but the fugitive had marked the movement in tiine to save himself by .stooping low to the earth, while the weapon, passing over him, en- tered wilh a ileadly and crashing sound into the brain of the weltering corpse. This danger passed, he sprang laiee more to his feet, nor paused again in his tlight until, faint and exhausted, be sank without motion under the very hayoni Is of the firing party. A new direction was now given to the interest of the assembled and ilistinet crowds that had witnessed these startling incidents. .Scarcely had the wretched man gained the protection of the soUlicry, when a shriek di- vided the air, so wild, so piercing, and so unearthly, that even the warrior of tlie Fleiir de lis Bceiiuxl to lose sight of his victim, in the harrowing interest jiroduccd by that dreadful scream. All turned their eyes for a moment in the quarter whence it proeeededj when presently, I'rom behind the groups of Canadians crowning the slope, was seen Hying, with the rapidity of thought, one who roseiii- l.led rather a sptu'.Ire than a being of cartJi; — it was the wife of Halloway. Her long fair hair was wild and streaming — her Itct, and legs, and arms were naked — and one solitary and scanty garment dispKiyed rather than concealed the symmetry of her delicate person. She flew to the fatal bridge, threw heiself on the iMidy of her bleeding hiisliaiid, and imiirinting her warm kisses on his bloody lips, for a moinent or two presented the image of one whose reason baa tied for ever. Suddenly slie started fr.im the earth ; her face, her hand;;, and her gar- ment so saturated with the blood of her husband, that a feeling of horror crept throughout the veins of all who bcjield her. She stood upon the eollln, and across the corp.se — raised her (yes and hands inipbiringly to Heaven and thin, in uceenls wilder even than her words, ut- tered an imprecation that sounded like tlio prophetic warning of some unholy spirit. " Inhtmian murderer!" she exelalmrd, in tones that almost paralysdl the ears on which it fell, " if there lie a (ioil of justice and of truth, he will avenge this devilish deed. Ves, Colonel rio llalclimar, a prophetic voice whispers to my soul, thai even as I have seen perish Im- fore my eyes all I loved nil earth, without mercy and without hope, so even slinll you witness the de-ifruetion of your acenr.>-ed race. Hen — here — here," ami she pointed downwards, wilh singular energy of action, to the corpse of her hushand, " here shall their blood How fill every vislige of his own is washed away , and oh, if lliere he spared one branch of thy detested family, inay it ho only that they may Ih' rcsirved for some death too horrible to beeone, ived I" Overcome by the frantic I'lurgy with which she had uttered these appalling words, she sank Imekwards, and fell, uttering aiiolher shriek, into the arms of the warrior of the I'li'ur lie lis, who bore oH his pri/e in triumph, and Med, witlmearly (he s:inie i\|H(lition he had previously iiiaiiil'esled, in the direclion of the fiin si, iH'fore any m\f could recover siillieieiitly from the etl'e<( of the scene to think even of interfering. (T!.\rii;ii XI. It wan on llin evening of that day, so fwrlile in melan- choly iiieidenl.to ttbielilhe previous pages have been de- voted, that the drawbridge of Hetroit was, tiir (lie third t ime since I he InveHlminl of the garrison, lowered; not, as previously, wilh a disregard of the inl limit ion that iiilght lie given to those without by the Millen and eeliomg rattle of its poniliiroiis chains, but with a eaudoii ailcsting how niiieli secrecy of purpose was Hoiight to lie preservoil. There wa", however, no array ofnimed men within the walls, that denoted an ex|Hiililiuii of n liimtilo eh'arai ter. Overi'oine with the harassing diitioi of the day, the chief |Hirlloii of the Insips had retired to ret.!, and a few groups of (be giiaid alinio were (o he seen walking up and down in (ioii( of (heir post, apparently with a view to ehtck the iiitliicncn of inidnight ilrowslnnss, but, in reality, to witness tho result of certain prcparutionj going on by torchlight in tho centre of tlio barrack square. In the midst of an anxious group of nnicers,com|i(i|i. ing nearly all of that rank within tho fort, stood in, individuals, attired in a costume having nothing iacom. inon with tlic gay and martial habiliments of the Ibrmrr. They were tall, handsome young men, whoso natite elegance of carriage was but imperfectly hidden undtr in equipment evidently adopted for, and otherwise rnily inswering, the pur|iosc of disguise. A blue cottoa ulirji jacket, closely fitting to tho person, trowsers of the name material, a pair of strong deer-skin moccasins, and j co!outcd handkerchief tied loosely round tho collar of'i checked shirt, the whole surmounted by a rough Iilankrt coat, formed the principal portion of their garb. Kacli moreover, wore a false ij\nue of about nine inches in length, the efl'ect of which was completely to rlianro Iho cliaracler of tbc countenance, and lend to the fcj. tures a Caiiadian-bkc expression. A red worsted cap, icsenililing a hmmet tie nui/, was thrown cari;|p»»|i over the side of the head, which could, at any uioaiciii, when deeper ilisguiso should be deemed necessary, ccm. maud the additional protection of the rude hood tlmt k\\ back upon the shoulders from the collar of the coat lo wbieli it was attached. Into a broad belt, that cncirrlnl the jacket of each, were thrust a brace of pistols anil a strong dagger ; the w liolo co dis|ioscd, however, an lo be invisiblu when tbc outer garment was closed; thin, again, was confined by a rude sash af worsted of differ. ent colours, not unlike, in texture and quality, what is worn by our scrgcant.s at the present day. They were otherwise armed, however, and in a less secret manner. .Vcross tho right shoulder of each was thrown a licit of I worsted also, to which were attached a rude pnwiltr horn and shot pouch, with a few straggling ballclv placed there as if rather by accident than design. Eacli j held carelessly in his left hand, nnd with its butt ml. ing on (he eardi, a long gun ; completing an appearance, the altalninent of which had, in all probability, bcea sedulously sought, — that of a Canadian duck-hunlcr. A metamorphosis so ludicrously operated in Ibc I usually elegant costunio of two young Knglish oinccn, — lor such they were. — might have been exiiecledlo afford sco|Ki to the pleasantry of their companions, end lo call forth those sallies which the intiinary of fricnil. ship and the fteemusonry of tho profession would liato fully justified. Uut (be events that had occurred ia such rapid succession, since tho preceding midnight, were I still painfully impressed on Iho recollection of nil, and] some there were who looked as if they never would smile again; neither laugh nor jeering, thoreforn, c». ca|ied the lips of one of the surrounding group. Kvcrv couiitenaneo wore a cast of thought,— » charnclcr of abstraction, ill suited to tho indulgence of levity; and the little eonversatinn that patsnd between them was In a low and serious tone. It was evident some powerful and absorbing dread existed in tho mind of cacli, iadut ing him rather to indulge in communion with liisuwn thoughts and impressions, than to cummunicate them lo others. Kvcn the governor himself had, for n monieiil, I put oH'his usual distance, to asNumo an air of nnl()l|rned [ eoneerii, and it might be dejection, contrasting strniijly with Ills habitual haughtiness. Hitherto ho had been walking (o and fro, a litlle apart fVoin the group, and with a burrledncss and indecision of movement lliit [ tst rayed (o all the extreme agitation of his mind. Koi once, however, ho ap|ioaicd to bo, if not ininnsibl* lo I iilwirvatiiin, iiidifVerenI to whatever comments might In [ liirmed or expressed by those who witnessed hlsomolion. I I le was at length iiiterrupled by the adjutant, who roin f niunicaled something in a low voice. " I,e( him be brought up, Mr. I.awton," was the replr. Then advancing iiilo thli heart of tho group, and id- 1 (itessing the two adventurers, he enquired, In a tour tliil I startled lioiii its singular mildness, " if (hey werep-r vided with every (liing they required." An aHiiin.ilive reply was given, when the gnvrrnof, I taking (he taller of lb" young men aside, eiiiiverml | with riiiii earnestly, and in a tone of afl'ccliiin siroiijelvl lileiiiled uitli ileH|HiMilcney. The interview, hmvevrr, T was short, for !Mr. Iiawsou now made his appi'iiniiire.l eniidui ling an individual who has nirnady licen iiilr» I dm id (ooiir leaders. It was (ho Canadian of tlio H«iJ i!e lis. The adjutant placed a small wuodnii cruciHii>l the hands of the governor. " l''tani;iii«,"»aid the latter, impressively, "you kno'l the lerniii on nbieli I have eonHonted In spare your Id' I Swear, llipii, by Ibis cross; that you will Im faltbliillol yoiirlrusl; (bat tietlher treachery iinr rvasinii iliall 1*1 tl practised ; (inner, nil nnlii"' " I d.. < kneeling a rriicc on tl I liliall eng snal IIS I s " .\incn, (leal by J'" mornovcsr, al^n shall wears apaci lo tiw ynuii •< C il bless ful ! I fear iipiken liarsi ynu will no "snni past." The only pressure. Ilic Mceesaitj nicii, liillowi lessly over I udlniis were hands of tile hurried grasp ejcli that sp( separation ha " Stay one party now mr gallantly onoi there is some! ward man. 'i'lio last lips t ceedcil, as the strap of the pr those of |ioor I Tho menlioi by the brave startling efl'ect lie struck his faint groan, am in an attitude inliid. 'I'ho g( sounds like tho; Unbred at tho of the cniiteon. sorvod a dcop or "It is times A I tlaaadinn, "or n wo can clear do This iiitimati I riicigles of the coiniiiaiHliiig fig In silence, and t I low clone in the I ' You wiU iiof I |iercd tlie voice ii tlie last, and whc vonturit closely i how lunch dcpeii torprise." "When you bo |lic wlHi smiles on ir wo fail, there Islull iicvor SCO yi IliofH) fertile best. Ill Is true; hut lo |iii|;iiod a causo,- In the next n livlio, with light I Isuiiif; thoir way t leastern extremity llieavy clinlns of I |lli«iiar, In dospitr |lii|;lt tu lis wunir It liail at lirst I llield In Ull angula Tilluilod III in out klunco of rocogni liive Inl them int< M'llin outlying pt (irtHvl Hroinid tlio f! ■ifil liir the nior hilline. Through Iheirwny, and wil llioir prouress. T ^iii;'»inr« irtlred p'noted the e.f lalci rtttin prcparatioM Iro of llio bntratk jf office" rs,comiiti(. Ill) fort, ctood iwg ing notliing in com. nentsof lliefornifT. men, whose native fcctly hidden undtr and otherwise I'nlly A l>lue cotinn nlir'u rowRCru of the Mine n moccasins, and a ■ound the collar of 1 1 by a roiigli blnnkii fllicirgurb. F.ach, bout nine inches in Dinpletcly to elunpe iihI lend to the fci. A red worsted cap, i thrown carelcsjly luld, at any niomcm, lined ni!CC8Siiry,ccm. le rude hood that fdl collar of the coat to id belt, that cncirclnl race of pistols atij a icd, however, ns lo be it was closed ; thin, •f worsted of differ. and quality, what is >nt day. They wete a less secret manner, was thrown a licit of ichcd a rude powdrr t strag([ling bulldi. It than design. Each id with its butt rest. ileting on appcnrancf, all probobility, been ladiun duck-hunlcr. isly operated in the oung Knylisli olKccn, lavo been exjiectedlo Ihcir companions, ami lie intimnry of frienJ. profession would liaio I hud occurred in such I sding midnight, were I eciiliection of nil, and] if they never would jeering, Ihoreforc, c». iniliiig group. Kvery light, — a charnctcr ol llgcncc of levily ; and [between them wa» in vidont some powerful mind of each, iiidut- inunion with his own :ommunicatc thciii to Jf had, for a inonionl, [o nn air of unliiigntd , eontroRting strnii^ly llthorto ho had been iflrom the group, and I 111 of movement lliil | 111 of his mind. Kui if not insensible lo I coninionis might be [ itnrssedhisomolion. ' adjutant, who coin. I nou,"w««lii»rfplr.| I tlio group, iind n!. luired, in n iom llui I " if they were |iro. I Iwlien the gnvcrnoi, lien aside, ( onvcmil I ' nfleetinii Blroiipljl linlorview, liciwnfi.l Vide his np|M'anii«»,f J nlrondy licen iiilrf I Inndiiin of the V\t«i\ |l wiioden criicirii u Issively, " you knot \\ to spare your lif' I will Im faitlil'""* lor evasion •I'l'l 1*1 WACOrSTA, OR THE PUOPIIECY. 227 ricllsed; and '!"'' >'"" "'"' *" "'" utmost of your '' .,.' aid in conveying these gentlemen to their dosti- imUiii. Kneel .lud swear it." "1 di) swear it!" fervently rcjicated the .lubergiste, knecli"" »'"' 'n»l"''"t'"i? '•'' "l" *''''' '•«'•""<""? rovc- |.,.iicc on the symbol of martyrdom. " I swear to do dal 1 KJiall engage, and may do bon Dicu have mercy to my c„,il as I shall fulfil my oat." „ Allien," pronounced tiio governor, "and may Heaven di'al I'y y"" '"'®" *" y" ''™' ''y "''■ ^'^"^ '" ""'"'' moreover, that as your treachery will bo piiiiisiied, so ,|sn shall your fidelity he rewarded. Itul iho ninlil wfirs apace, and yo liavo much to di>." Then turning to Ihn young ofTieers who wore to be his companions, — „ (I J iiless you both ; may your enterprise be success- ful 1 I fear," ofToriiig his hand to the younger, '• I have siiiken harshly to you, hut at a moment like the present vou nill no longer cliorisli a rccullcction of the unplea- saiil l«.st-" ,. , , , . The only answer was a cordial return of Ins own nresFiirs. I''" Canadian in his turn now announced jlij iipnessity for instant dcparlure, when the young men following his example, threw their long guns care- lessly over the left shoulder. Low, rapid, and fervent udlnns were uttered on both sides ; and although the hands of the separating parlies met only in a short and hurried grasp, there was an expression in the touch ul cjcli that spoke to their several hearts long alXcr the separation had actually taken place. " Htay one moment !" e.\claimed a voice, as tho little party now moved towards tho galo-way ; "ye arc both gallantly enough provided without, hut have forgotten there is soinething quite as necessary to sustain the in- ward man. Duck sl.-oting, you know, is wet work. 'I'lio last lips that were moistcneed from this," ho pro- ceeded, as the younger of the di.sguised men threw tho strap of the proffered canteen over his shoulder, " were lliose of imor Klloii llalloway." The mention of that name, so heedlessly pronounced by the brave hut inconsiderate Hrskine, produced a startling effect on the taller of tho departing olViceis. lie struck his brow violently with his hand, uttered a I'aint groan, and bending his head upon his chest, stood in an attitude v^rcssivo of the deep sutTuring of his mind. The govoinor, too, appeared agitated: nnd sounds like those of aupprcssc 1 sobs came from one who lin||[crcd nt tho side '-.f him who had accepted the offer uf the canteen. Tho remainder of the oHicors pre- gt'rvod a deep end mournful silence. "It ii times dat we should start," again observed the Canadian, "or wo shall bo taken by de daylight belbru wo can clear do river." This intimation once inoro aroused the slumbering I rncigies of the taller oflicer. Again he drew up liis coiiiiiianding figure, extended his hand to the governor ia silence, and turning abruptly round, hastened to lul- I low clone in the footstops of his conductor. " You will nut forget all I have said to you," wliis- I jierod the voice of one who had reserved his patting for tilt last, and who now hold the hand of the younger ad. voiiturit closely clasped in his own. " Think, oh, think liuw much dcpcndi un the uTont of your dangerous en- terprise." I " When you boliuld me again," was the reply, " It will I be with smiles on my lip and gladness in my lioart ; for I if wo fail, there is that within me, which whis|icrs I iiilijll ncvr see you more. Dut keep up your spirits and IliofH) fur the best. Wo embark under cheerless auspices, lit is true; but lot us trust to I'rovidonuo for ruucuss In Iki good a cause,— Ood bless you !" la the next luinuto ho had joined his companions; Iwlio, with light nnd noiseless trend, were already pur- liuioK their way along Iho military road I hut led to tho leastern extremity of the town? ^Ssrd as to throw the outliiiu of objects into strong relief, whereas in the direction of tho thickly wooded errhnrd all was inijienotrthle gloom. Mad Iho inlrnder stolon unannounced upon tho ninrmed but de- lertniiied offieers by the latter route, tho dagger of the first wnulil in all probability have been plunged to its hilt ill his bosom. As it was, each had rutlleient pro- soiice of mind to distinguish, oa it now doubled the etnner ol tho hut, nnd rcpovod upon the road, Iho stout sqiiare.'-et figure of the ('anadian. Tho daggers wore inilanlly restored lo their ilieatlis, nnd each, for the first time since the departure of their companion, re- spired freely. "It is quite well," wliisperel' the Detroit we aro lost for ever." "Dut yon see I am not quite prepare yet," was the answer. " 1 have many tings to get ready liir de cannc, which I have not use tor a long times. Rut you slinll not wait ten minute, if you do nut like. Uere is a goii'l fire, and Ilabotte shall give you some ting to cut while i get it all ready." The young men hesitated. The delay of the Can.i- dian, who had so repeatedly urged the necessity liir < - jicdition whilVi in the f<>rt, had, to .say the least of it, .in np|>earuiico of incongruity. Still it was evident, if cm. |)osed to harm them he had full opporlniiity to du so without much risk of effectual opjiosilion from tlxiiv solves. I'nder all eireuinstances, therefore, it was :;i|- visnhle rather to appear to confide iinplicilly in his Irnih, than, by manifesting suspicion, to pique his selt'-luve, and nenfralisn whatever liivoiiiable intuiitiuns ho inii;i!t cherish in their behalf. In this mode of conduct tln'y were confirmed, by a recollection of the sacreuncss i,*- taithcd by Iho religion of their conductor to tho oath k.i solemnly pledged un the symliol of tho cross, und by u eoeivielioii of tho danger of observation to which tlnv stooil exposed, if, as they had apprehended, it was :ii'. tually a human footstep tliey had heard in the orchunl. Tlii.s last recollection suggested n remark. " We heard a strange sound within the orchard, whi'.i! waiting here for your return," taid the taller ollicer; " it was liki^ the footstep of a man treading cautiously ovrr rotten haves and hranelics. How do you account fiir it ." "Oh, it was my pik-," replied the Canadian, without manifesting the slightest uneasiness nt the infurmuti. i. " 'I'licy rim about in de orchard for de ujipleg what bluwM ilown will de wind." " It could not lie a ]>ig w'o heard," pursued his ques- tioner ; " but another thing, Francois, liefore we consent to enter the hut, — how will you uceount to your diiiigli- ler for our presence ? and what suspicion may she net form at seeing two armed strangers in company with you nt this unseasonable hour I" " I have tell her," replied tlif Canadian, " dat I have, bring two friends, who go wid me in dc canoo to shoot (U- iliieks liir two tree days. You know* sir, I go always in de fiill to kill de ducks wid my IVieiids, und she will not link it strange." " You have managed well, my bravo fellow ; nnd now we follou- you in confidence. Hut in the name of Heaven, use nil |M>ssilile despatch, and if money will lend a spur to your actions, you shall have plenty of it when our en- terprise has been accomplished." Our adventurers followed tlieir conductor In llie track by which he had so recently rejoined them. As tlii^y turned the eoriiur of the hut, the younger, who brought up the rear, funeied he iigain heard a sound in tho direc- tion of the orchard, resembling that of one lightly leap- ing to thu ground. A gust of wind, however, iinssing ra|iidly at tho moment through the dense foliage, led liini to believe it might have been nrouuccd by the sullen fall of (inr of the heavy fVuits it had iletaclied in its course, rnwillin^ to excitu new ond unnccesHary sus)iieion in his ciimpnnion, he confined tho circumstuncu to his own breast, und fiiUowod into the hut. After ascending a flight of nbntit a do7«n rude stepH, they found theinselves in a small room, t\irnished willi nn other ceiling tlian the sloping roof itself, and lighli il hy un unwieldy iron lamp, placed un a heavy oak tabl , near tho only window with which tlio apartment \\\< i provided. This latter had sullered much from the inliu- I'lice of time and tcm)iust; und owing to the dillirulty m' procuring glass in so remote a region, had liocn imtohitl with slips of pa|N'r in various parts. The two corner ami lower panes of thi^ Isittuiu sash were out ultngetlier, nnd pinv shingles, sueh as are used even at the present dn \ liir covering the roofs of dwelling houses, hacl lieen fitful into the Hi|uares, excluding air and light ut the eaiiie time. The centre pane of lliis tier was, however, clear nnd IVeo IVom flaw of every deseriptiun. OpiMiaile to tho window blareil a cliMrflil wouerceptiblu slurl ; but the noise was so inn- inentary, and »n fanciful, neither tell it worth Ills wliili to pause u|Km the c ireumstanee. The young oflieer now riiised the garmenlH from the chair i thry coiisislj'd of a siiiiill grey groat-eoal, and Irowsers, a waisleoat of coarse white cloth, n pair of worsted stockings, and the hulf- Imots of a hoy; Ihu whole forming the ilruiii-hoy'seipiip- irieiit worn by the wretched wife of Halloway when borne sruselnss into tho hut on that fatal morning. Hasti- ly iiuitting n dress that called up so muny dreadtiil recol- lections, and turiiiiig to his enmpiinioii with a look that denoted apprehension, lett liu too should have iH'held these melaiieliiily remuinbraiice* of the harrowing scene, ♦lip j'oung ottU'cr Imsteijod to ro«uiiio liia ieat, In the act of so doing, his eye fell u|>on the window, at which the female still lingered. Hail a blast from Heaven struck his siitht, the terror of his soul could not have been greater. He felt his cheek to pale, and his hair to bristle beneath his cap, while the checked blood crept slowly and coldly, as if its very function had been paralysed; still he had jiresencc of mind sufficient not to liilter in his step, or to betray, by any ('Extraordinary movement, that his 'eye had rested on any thing hateful to behold. His compunion had emptied his lirsl pi|ic, and was in the act of relilling it, when he resumed his scat. Ho was evidently impatient at the delay of tho Canadian, and already were his lips ready to give utterance to his dis- appointment, when he felt his loot signilicantly pressed by that of his friend. An instinctive scn.se of something fearful that was to ensue, hut still demanding caution on his part, prevented him trom turning hastily round to know the cause. Satisfied, however, there was danger, though not of an instantaneous character, ho put his pipe gently by, and stealing his hand under his c at, again grasped the hilt of his dagger. At length he slowly and partially turned his head, while his eyes en- quiringly demanded of his friend the cause of this alarm. Partly to aid in coneealing his increasing paleness, and partly with a view to render it a medium for the convey, anee of subdued sound, the hand of the latter was raised to his face in such a manner that the motion of his lips could nut bo distinguished from behind. " We are betrayed," Ire scarcely breathed. " If you can command yourself, turn and look at tl.e window ; but for God's sake arm yourself with resolution, or look not at all : first draw tlie hood over your head, and without any ap;(earaiice of design. Our only clionce of safety lies in this, — that the Canadian may still be true, and tliat our disguise may not be penetrated." In despite of his native courage, — and this had often been put to honourable proof, — he, thus iiiysteriou.sly ad- dressed, felt his heart to tiirob violently. There was something so appalled in tho countenance of his friend — something so alarming in the very caution he had re- commended — that a vague dread of the horrible reality rushed at once to his ijind, and for a moment his own cheek became ashy pale, and his breathing painfully oppressed. It was the natural weakness of the physical man, over which the moral faculties, had, for an instimt,lo8l their directing power. Speedily recovering himself, the young man prepared to encounter the alarming object which had already so greatly intimidated his friend. Carefully drawing the blanket hood over his head, he rose from his seat, and, witli the energetic movement of one who has tbrnicd sonic desperatu determinaticn, turned his back to the fire-place, and threw his eyes rapidly and eagerly upon the window. They fell only on the rude jiatehwork of which it was principally com- posed. 'I'he fi'inale had quitted the room. " You must liavc been deceived," he whispered, keep, ing his eye still bent upon the window, and with so iin- |K'rceptible a movement of the lips that sound alone could have betrayed he was sjiealting, — •" I see nothing to justify your alarm. Look again." riic young! r officer once more directed his glance to- wards the window, und with a shuddering of the whole [s'rson, an he recollected what had met his eye when he I ,st looked upon it, " It is no longer there, indeed," !ie returned in the same scarcely audible tone. " Yet I touhl not be mistaken ; it was between those two corner squares of wood in the hiwer sash." " Perhaps it was merely a reflection produced by the lamp on the centre pane," rejoined his friend, still keep- ing his lye riveted on the suspicious point. " Impossi- ble! hut I will examine the window from tho spot on which I stood when I first beheld it." Again he (|uitted his seat, and carelessly crossed the room. As he returned he threw his glance upon the pane, when, to his inlinite horror and surprise, the eame li-ightl\il vision presented ilself, "(lod of heaven!" he exclaimed aloud, and unable longer to check the rhullition of his feelings, — " what means this? — h.< my bruin turned? and am I the sport of my own delusive fiincy — Poyoii not sec it now?" No aiiDWei was returned. His friend stood mute anil motionless, with his left hand grasping his gun, und his right thrust into llie waist of his coal. His" eye ijrew upon the window, onil his ehisl heaved, and Ins check juiled and flushud alternately with the subdued emnlioii of his li.'uj-t, A human face » placed clomi to tiie un- blemished glass, and every li'iitiii i^as distinctly revealed by the lamp that still lay iqwii the table. The glaring eye was lixed on the taller of the olllcers ; hut though the Kxpreasioii was unfuthnnuibly guileful, there was nothing thtit denoted miy thing like n recognition of the jiarty ' The brightness of the wood fire had so far subsided atto throw tlie interior of tlie room into partial obsctiritv, sfj under the disgiuFC of his hood it was inqwssibic lurm,, without to distinguish the features of the taller oHicf The younger, w ho was scarcely an object of atltnii,,!, passed comparatively unnoticid. Fatigued and dimmed with the long and eager Icnsinn of its nerves, the eye of the latter now U'gaii to fail (ijm For a moment he closed it ; and when again it fell up,,,, the window; it encountered nothing but the clear ar,.; glittering pane. For upwards of u minute he and liij friend still continued to rivet their gaze, but the fjct wj, no longer visible. Why is it that what is called the " human face divine" is sometimes gifted with a power to paralyse, that ilic most loathsome reptile in the creation cannot attain' Had u coUgar of the Ainericaii i'orest, roaring for prey ap|iearcd at' hat wiu4ow^MJM||M|t the fragile U'r! rier, and fastei\ .iUf^lJMPBWWW^^tts, its presencp would not haTd'^l'UcB such sickness to the soul of oiir adventurers as did that human liice. It is, that nun naturally fierce and inexorable, is alone the ciieinv of Ms own species. The solution of this problem — thisglnrimj paradox in nature, we leave to profoundcr philosoplun to resolve. Sufficient for us be it to know, and to ie. plore that it is so. Footsteps were now heard upon the stairs; and dif officers, aroused to a full sense or their dangei, lia>lili and silently prepared themselves for the encomitri. " Drop a bullet into your gun," whispered the elder setting the example liimself. " We may be obliirod trl have recourse to it at last. Yet make no show of lios. tility unless circmnBtances satisfy us wo are betrayed; then, indeed, all that remains for us will Ik; to sell our lives as dearly as wc can. Hist ! he is here." 'I'he door opened ! and at the entrance, which m already filled up in tho imaginations of the young men with a terrible and alarming figure, appeared one wliost return had been anxiously and long desired. It wan relief, indeed, to their gallant but excited hearts to bilioM another than the form they had expected ; and ollhoiigh, lor the moment, they knew not whellicr the Canndbn came in hostility or in friendship, each quitted the iilli- tude of caution into which he had tfirown hiuixelf, .md met him midway in his passage through the moni. There was nothing in the expression of his naliirtIK open and good-humoured countenance to dei iMe he wa at all aware of tho causes for alarm that had operalidl so powerfully on themselves. He unnounecd will frank look and unfaltering voice every thing «a„ readiness for their de|>arture. The officers licsit.ited ; and the t; llcr fixed liia cynl upon those of mine host, as if his gaze would have pini trated to the innermost recesses of his heart. Could llii.>| lie a refinement of his treachery ? and was he really if iiorant of the existence of the danger which tlirealinfdl them ? Was it not more probable his object was to diMrinl their fears, tliot they might bo given un(irepared Dnil,| therefoic, unresisting victims to the I'erocily of llitirl enemies? Aware as he wa.", that they were both mil provided with arms, and fully determined to use Ihinl with effect, might not his i.iin be to decoy them to de- struction without, lest the blood spilt under his rool'Jil tlie desperation of their defence, should hereafter allntl against him, and expose him to the punishment litl would so richly merit ? Distracted by these double, Ittl young men scarcely knew what to think or Imw totdl and anxious as they had previously been to quit the luitr they now considered the moment of their dciiig bo \voiJ<| Ix) that of their destruction. The importance of ll»l enterprise on which they were embarked was such aiiil sink all personal consideratiouB. If they lind fell llnl influence of intimidation on their spirits, it arose Iml from any apprehension of consequences to IhciiiMiwI thon fVoiii tliB recollection of the dearer interests involiti| ill their |M'rftel security from discovery. " Kran(;oiB," feelingly urged thc! taller officer, npal adverting to his vow, "you recollect the oath youBoliriiAl (iledged ii|Hin the crosH of your Saviour. Tell iiie, Ihul as you hope for mercy, liavo you taken that oath nnkl that you might the more secuiely iMitray us toniinnil lilies I What eoniiectinn have you with tlicni nt thi«n»| ment I and who is lie who stood looking through til window not ten minutes since ?" " As I shall hopo ll>r mercy in my (iod," rxclii the Canadian with unfeigned astonishment, " I hnvtr SCO nolnHly. • Hut whot for do you link so I It is i just. I have given my out to serve vou, and I do it." Thvru won candour both in the tone and coimtcm" of the man as halfin jiistilic "Vou must the present," Francois, you nith the persoi he made his a^ 'I'he Caiiadia .ind scorned to ahsciit. He tlit advdnecd to th firing his com lldii.sly and I'ol noiseless step te old of the dooi light mast and s burden lie divide lie carcl'ully ball his own ; and, \\ opjmrlunity of b hastily sliirted further cxtreinit heavens were obi by the wind, dur venturers anxioi they were piirsui lined the road, ai llic beach, howci jeiiglli tliej gainf It was the t ital b were yet so painfi "Stop one mi llirowing his sack lesser river ; " my do bridge. I shall ioi the olficers to bridge, he tiiuvcd in the ;l,^ik sliadoi 'I'he extremities the little river in Hissiige along tlie lion of the arch. ] conductor, the offl and with their bai curvature of the I I pass lietivecn thei aivailcil the arrival 'depended. We sin iiiers on finding tl nijflit, iiniiiedialeh lineiiiorablc hy the" The terrible pursuit nohlier, the curse ni Jalroie all, the foreib lof that unhappy wi lieemed lo have ideiit Itliey stood menaced jtlie mind, and excite Juith n sentiim ,.1 noi jlo whisper forth his jinvnltc the presence |in the harrowing am "Did you not heni tiller, as he leaned hi sand, to catch i Bnand. " I did ; there agai Imlikr the step of or fiisv be some wild Ih' We must not b( ^nmpanioii. " If it onscioiisiiesH of our 110 harm iii scttii: paling from his lurk Into the open sands, Viiiles gained tlie ex Wow ofsonielhiiig li"«-Koiind like that i i< C'tzo yet lingered ( 1',' lo give it a cliarac [wnired ii, passed „k N disclosed the a|i|: I'i'iiig up from the en Mood mid brains ol ^i'l< nnil tiiiiit at Ihi "'I'll his elbow on the llii' hridge, and, |,.a hnenl, forgot the risi Wi'ii«eness of (I,,, „„ prUnd imagination '"ill lie ilood, wlicn WACOflSTA, <)K TIIK PROPIiECY. 229 r Mibsiiii'il atto l1 obBCurity, tiid ipossil)!!' liir iiiv hu lallcr <,fln,, cct of attiiiiiuii^ nil eager Icnsiin I'gan to fail him. ighin it fill uiKiii ut the ekar v,i iiiute lie ami |,ij , bvit the f:ioe mjj man face ilivinr," paralyse, that llie n eaiinol attain' roaring for frrv, ?lhc fragili' kr- Us, its presence to the soul of rait It in, thai man, e the enemy of Ms )lem — thisglnricnj iniler philosoplKn I know, and tod. he Btairs ; and ilic I'ir dangc;, liusiily for the encomitfi, hispcrcd the elder, may he nhliged h lie no show of hoi. 9 wc are hi'trayed; I will lie to sell 001 | is here." ntraiice, which wis s of the yonnj! mm appcuri'd one \vlin« ^ desired. It was 1 1 :ited hearts to klicM | ected ; and nlthoiigli, lictlier the I'anndijB :ach quitted the alti. ' thrown hiniiielf, and through the rnoin. lion of his naturJlv ice to del 'itc he was I n that had o|«Talt(l| announced «il' every thing wa- t- Her fixed his cyti i/.e would have pini. lis lieiirt. Coiilil lliii ind was he really is- er which throatintil object was to ilisara en unprepared ral, .he ferocity of tliiii they were both wil ■nnuied to ute tlicm ito decoy them to de. ilt under his roof, in liould hereiiOer ollnl (he pnnishnienl lii by these doubts, lb Ithmk or howtotcl; been to qint the li»'| their di ing »o wouli |e importance of tki larked was Riich 01 II If Ihey hnd fill ll»' spirits, it i>f«"' '". ienees to thciiiMml irer interests iiivolid cry. tuller officer, npu ;he oath you solemni! Hour. Tell nie, H taken that "«ll""''? JlHilrny us toi'""*! Ivilh llieui at this m looking Ihroiiuli l' Ly (!od," rxcl«i» Ishnient, "lliuit' link so I ll »' ve you, nud 1 t,ne iind coimlm" .. jiiu ,,,,,11 as he uttered these words, half iu reproach, half in iustiliea''"" ; and the oHieers no longer doubted. >' You must forgive our suspicii^ns at a moment like the present," sooUiingly observed the younger; "yet, Francois, your daughter saw and exchanged signals villi I lie lierson we mean. She lell the room soon alter he mode his Bp|)cariince. What has become of her ?" The Canadian gave a sudden start, looked hastily round, nnd seemed to perceive for the first time the girl was absent. He tlien put a finger to his lip to enjoin silence, udvanccd to the table, and extinguished the light. Uc- siring his com|)anions, in a low whisiier, to tread cau- tiously and follow, he now led the way with ahnost noiseless step to the entrance of the hut. At the thresh- old of the door were placed a large well-filled sack, a light mast and sail, and half a dozen paddles. The latter burden lie divided between the officers, on whose shoulders lie carefully balanced tliera. The sack lie threw across his own ; and, without expressing even -n regret that an nniMirtunity of bidding adieu to his child was denied him, hastily sliirtcd the paling of the orchard until, at the further extremity, he had gained the high road. The heavens were obscured by pussing clouds driven rapidly b" the wind, during tl«» short pauses of which our ud- venturers anxiously and frequently turned to listen if ihev were pursued. Save the rustling of the trees tliat lined the road, and the slight dashing of the waters on tlie beach, however, no sound was distinguishable. At length the) gained the point whence they were to start. It was the t ital bridge, the c%'ent8 connected with which were yet so painfully iiresh in their recollection. " Stop one minutes nere," whisiicred the Canadian, ihrowiiig his saik upon the sand near the mouth of the les.ser river ; " my canoe is chain about twenty yards up dc bridge. I shall come to you directly." Then caution- in" the olficers to keep themselves concealed under the br^ilL'c, he •.nuved hastily under the arch, and disappeared in the rl.'ik shadow which it threw across the rivulet The extremities of the bridge rested on the hanks of the little river in such n manner as to leave a narrow lOTsage along the sands immediately under the declina- liou of the arch. In accordance with the caution of their conductor, the officers hod |ilaced themselves under it; and with their backs slightly bent forward to meet the curvature of the bridge, so that no ray of light eoulil pas.i Ivtwecn their bodies and the fabric itself, now awaited the arrival of the vessel on which their only hope depended. We shall not attempt to describe their feel- iiifs on finding themselves, ut that lona hour of the niclil, iMiiiiediaCely under a spot rendered fearfully ineiiioralde by the tragic occurrences of tho morning. The terrible pursuit of the fugitive, the execution of the nolilier, tlie curse and prophecy of his maniac wife, and, loboic all, the forcible aUluction and threatened espousal ot' that unhappy woman by the formidable being who M'eiiud to have lileiitificd himself with thcevilswith i^hich lliey stoml menaced, — all rushed with rapid tracery on tlie'iniiid, and excited the imagination, until each, filled kith a seutiiiit..! not uiinllied to su|)erstitious awe, feared to wliis|)er forth his thoughts, lest in so doing he should invoke the presence of those who had princi|Nilly figured jin the harroBinij and revolting scene. "Did ymi not hear a noise '." at length whispered the 'liler, as he leaned himself forward, and lient his head to le sand, to catch more dislinctly a re|>etilion of the iiniild. I did i there again ! It is U|Km the bridge, and not linlike the step of one endeavouring to tread lightly. It liiay be some wild Ih'OsI, however." "We inuxt not Ixi Uikeu by surprise," returned his nnpanion. " If it l)c a man, the wary tread indicates insciouHiiess of our presence. If an aninul, there can no liarin in setting our fears at rest." ('auliously lltalitij from his lurking-place, the young officer emerged Into the npin s.inds, and iu a few measured noiseless lltiilen (.rained llie rxtreniily of the bridge. The dark Imdow of siiniething upon its centre caught his eye, and low sound like that ot ii dog lapping met his ear. While Iis|;ii7,e yet lingered on the shapeh'ss niiject, rmleavour- 11',' to give it a cliiiraeter, the clouds which had so long ured it pahsi d momentarily from heforo the moon, |nd disilosiil the appalling trnlli. It was n wolf-dog ippine up from the earth, in which they were encrusted, hinnil nnd brains of the unfnrtunutt! Krank llalloway. ! struggled violently to free himself. This was the critical moment. The officer drew the heavy sliar|i blade, from the handle to the point, across the throat of the infuriated licast, with a force tliat divided the principal nrtery. He made a desperate lea|) upwards, K|)0Uting his blood over his de- stroyer, and then fell gasping across the body of his master. A low growl, interiniiigU d with fuiiit attempts to bark, which the rapidly oozing life rendered more and more indistinct, succeeded; and at length nothing but a gurgling sound was distinguishable. Meanwhile the anxious and harassed officers had re gained their place of concealment under the bridge, where they listened with suppressed breathing tor the slightest sound to indicate the approach of the canoe. .\t intervals they fancied they eimlil hear a noise resembling the rippling of water against the prow of a light vessel, but the swelling erics of a bund of Indians, U'coniing ut every instant more distinct, were too unceasingly kept up lo admit of their judging with accuracy. They now Is'gan lo give theniiiclves up for lost, nnil many ami bitter were the curses they inwardly bestowed on the ('anadian, when the outline of a liuiiiun form was seen udvarcing along the sands, and a dark object ui>on the water. It was their conihictor, dragging the canoe along, with all the strength and activity of which he was eiipable. What the devil have you been about ull this time, Kran<,ois (" exelaiimd the taller ollieer, as he bounded lo meet liiin. "tiuick, quick, or we shall he loo late. Hear you not the hlixid-hounds on their scent "' Then seizing the chain in his hand, with a powerful effiirt he sent the enmsi llying through the arch to the very en- trance of the river. The burdens that had Isen de- (lositrd on the sands were hastily flung in, the oflieetS stepping lightly afler. The Canadian took the helm, directing the frail vessel almost noiselessly through the water, and with such velocity, that when the cry of the disa|i|)ointed savages was heard resounding Irom the bridge, it hnd already gained the centre of tho Detroit. CIIAPTKR XIII. Two days h»d suci'eedcd the ileparture of the officers from tho fori, hut unpruduoliva ot any event ui' Iniport- aiiee. About daybreak, however, on the morning of tho third, the harassed gurisou were once more smntnoned to arms, by an alarm frniii the srntinels plunted in rear of the works ; a body of Indians they had traced and lost at intervals, as they wound along the sHrt of the forest, in their progress from their encampment, were at length developing themselves in force .near the bomb-proof. With a readiness which long ex|K'rience and wulehful- ne^:s had rendered hi some degree habitual to thcni, tho troops Hew to their respective posts; while a few of thn senior olfierrs, among whom wus the governor, hastened to the ramparts to reconnoitre the strength and purpon) of their eneinies. It wus eviilent the views of these lat- ter were not immediately hostile ; for neither were Ihev in their war paint, nor were tlieir arms of a deseriptinu to carry intimidation to a dis^eiplined and fortified soldiery. Hows, arrows, lomahawks, war chibn, spears, .and scalping knives, constituted their warlike equipmenlH, but neither rifle nor fire-arms of any kind were diseerni- ble. Several of their leaders, distingnishuble by a cer- tain haughty carriage and commanding gesticulation, were eoUeelid within the elevated bohib-prootj apparently holding a short but important conference apart t'roni their juoiile, most of whom stood or lay in pieture.-;quo attitudes around the ruhi. These also had a directing spirit. A tall and noble looking warrior, wearing a detr skin hunting frock ch)sely gird- •! around his h)iiis, ap- (H^ared to eommand the deference of his colleoguesv cliiimijig profound attention when he spoke hinisclti und manifesting his assent or dissent to the apparently ex- pressed opinioiui of the lesser chiefs merely by a slight inovement of the head. " There he is indeed 1" cxcluinied Captain Erskincy sjienking as one who eommuncs with his own thoughts, while he kept hia telescojie levelled on the form of the last warrior : " looking just as noble as when, three year* ago, he opposed Irimsclf to the progress of the first English detachmeiit llial had ever jienetrated to this part of the world. What a pity such a fine fellow should bo so desperate and determined un enemy !" " True ; you were with Major. ftogers on that expedi- tion," observed the governor, " I have ot\en heard liini speak of it. You had many dillieiillies to contend against, if I recollect." " We had indeed, sir," returned the frank-hearted Erskine, dropping tlic glass from his eye. " So many, in fact, that more than ohee, in tho course of our progress through the wilderness, did I wish myself at head-quarters with my company. Never shall 1 forget the proud and determined expression of Ponleae's countenance, when he told Kogcrs, in hif figurative lan- guage, ' he stood in the path in which he travelled.' " " Thuiik heaven, he at least stands not in the path in which olliers travel," musingly rejoined the governor. " Hut what sudden movement is that within the ruin ?" " The Indians are picparing to show a white flag,'* shouted an artillery man from Tiis station in one of the embrasures below. The governor and his ofiicers received this intelligeneo without surprise : the former took the glass from Captain Erskine, and coolly raised it to his eye. The consulta- tion had ceased ; and the several chiefs, with the excep- tion of their leader and two others, were now seen quitting the bomb-proof to join their res|H'etive tribes. One of those who rcniaineil, sprang liiKin an- elevated fragment of the ruin, and uttered a prolonged cry, the purport of which, — and it was fully underslood from its peculiar nature, — was to claim attention from the fort, lie then retcived from the hands of the other chief a long spear, to the end of which was attached a piece of white linen. This he waved several limes above his head ; then stuck llie barb of the spear firmly into the projecting fragment, '.juittiiig his elevated station, he next stood at the sidti of the Ottawa chief, who had already assumed the air and attitude of cm- waiting >o observe in what manner his signal would bo received. " A flag of truce in all it« iK-arings, by .lupiter 1" re. marked ('i.ptain Erskine, " roiiteac seenig (o liavu acquired a lew lessoua since we first met." "This is evidently the suggestion of some European," observed Major Ulackwater ; " for how should he under- kIuiiiI any thing of the nature of a white flag 7 Some uf' these vile spies have put him up to this." " True enough, Ulackwater ; and they appear (o have fiiiind an intelligent pupil," observed Captain Wcniworth. " I was curious to know how he would make the attempt to approach us; but certainly never once dreamt of his having recoiirso to so civilised a method. I'lieir plot works well, no doubt ; still we have the counter-plot tu Op|IOH0 to it" " We must foil Iheni with their own weapons," rr- niarkcd llio govurnur, " even if il be onl/ willt a view to Kp: ■•■"■' ''r^/ \/ ■ ] '. ''M % ' :!;■;!' ■ ■ 1 < ■ • If. ; ■'■, % iijiA I. 3 S y) '.t :, .(.y ;l.!* •iv-;." 230 WACOUSTA, OK THE rUOPIIECY. I t-i'^M'- ■■(■-■ S AIM ,•';■*■ -I ^ ^f'..- 2;un tiino. Wriitwortli, (loire oiio of your bnmlwrriiiirii t'l hoist tho largi! French fliig on the slalV." Tho order wn.i promptly obeyed. The IndinnH made asiiniiltaneoiis movement expressive of" their sntisfaction ; nnd in tho (■■^■irse ol' n niinnte, tho tall warrior, aceoinpanied by nr irly a dozen inferior ehiefs, was seen slowly advancing :inos3 tlio common, towards the group of oflicerx. " What generous confidence the fellow has for an In- ili 111 !" olisorved Captain llrsUine, who could nntdisseni- 1)!- his admiration of the warrior. " He steps as firndy mid as proudly within reach of our muskets, as if ho was Ic.iding in f he war-dance." " How stranae," mused Captain Blessinpton, " that r.nii who meditates so deep a treachery, should have no (iji|)rchcn9ion of it in others ."' " It is a compliment to tho honour of our flajr," ob- s' ved tho governor, " whicli it must Ixj our interest to ( i^ourajre. If, as you say, Erskinc, the man is really t.i lowed with generosity, tho result of this alfair will os- niu-cdly call it forth." " If it prove otherwise, sir," was tlio reply, " we must oi.ly attribute his perseverance to the iiillnence wliieh tliut terrible warrior of the FIcurde Us is said to exercise fivor his bettor feelings. By the by, I see nothing of liiin among this flag of truce party. It could scarcely be called a violation of faith to cut otf such a rascally re- negade. Were ho of the number of those advancing, and Vallctort's rifle within my reach, I know not what use I might not bo tempted to make of tho last" Poor Erskinc was singularly infelieitous in touching, and ever unconsciously, on a subject sure to give pain to more than ono of his brother ofliccrs. A cloud passed over tho brow of tho governor, but it was one that ori- ,';iiiated more in sorrow than in anger. Neither had he tiiiio to linger on the painful recollections hastily and r<. ifuijodly called up by the allusion made to tliis forn\i- liilile nnd mysterious being, for tho attention of all was n>>v absorbed by the approaching Indians. With a bold Dill confiding carriage tho fierce Ponteac moved at the hci'] of liis little party, nor hesitated one moment in his I i.ir.-ie, until he got near the brink of the ditch, and stood f'li to face with the governor, at a distances that gave h itli partira not only the facility of tracing the expres- sinti of enh other's features, but of conversing williout ci'irt. There ho made a suUden stand, and tlirnsting 111 ! iiwar into the earth, assumed an attitude as devoid of apprehension as if he had been in the heart of his own one iinpment. '• .'ily father has understood my sign," said the haughty rliiof. "The warriors of a dozen trilws are far behind ti:.' path the (Ottawa has jUst travelled ; but when the red L'iiiii comes unarmed, the hand of the Saganaw is tied bc- liiiil his back." " The strong hold of the Saganaw is his saf^-guard," rejilicd the governor, adopting the language of the In- (livi. "When tlie enemies ol^ his groat father come in '■^h.i^th, he knows how to dis|H;rse tliem ; but when a w uiior throws himself unarmed into his power, he re- r;ii' -ts his confidence, and his arms liang rusting at his F-id'." " The talk of my father is big," replied the warrior, with a scornful expression that seemed to doubt the tact iif ■') much indilferenco as to himself; but when it is a iri.it chief who directs the nations, and that chief his li.v .rn enemy, the temptation to the Saganaw may be '■■■'?,"•" . '■ The .Saganaw is without fear," emphatienlly rejoined the governor; "he is strong in his own honour; and he w..M!d ratlier die undcT the tomahawk of llio red skin, ill 111 procure a |H'ace by an act of f roaehery." The Indian paused; cold, calm looks of intiilligenee pi iVd between him and his followers, and n few indis- livt and guttural Bcntongcs were exchanged among i!i insclves. •• Hut our fiither asks not wliy our mocassins have I'l Mhed the dew from off the common," resumed the I 'lief; " and yet it is long since tho ISaganaw and the , i| skin havo spoken to caeh other, except through the .SI whoop. My father nmst wonder to see the great , : 'f of the Ottawas without tho hatchet in his hand." " The hatchet often wounds those who uso it nnskil- I'lll •," calmly returned tho governor. "The Haganaw is r.t blind. The Ottawas and tho other trilHis find the \>'ii' ;iiiint heavy on their skins. They son that my young iii'i'i are not to Iw connunred, and they have sent the frr'-tt head of all the nations to sue for iMiace." Ill spite of the habitual reserve and self-possession of h'lH race, tho haughty warrior conid not repress a inove- iiiiint of impatience at tho bold and taunting Inngiinge of liis enemvi and for a moment there was a Hre in his eye tlut told how willingly ho would have washed away tlio insult in iiis blood. The same low guttural extlaiiii.lions tliat had previously esriiped their lipp, niarhed the sense entertained of the leiiinrk by his eoinpaninns. "My father is right," piirsuid the chief, resiiniirg his self-command; "the Ottawas, end (he other tribes, ask for |)eace, but not because they are afraiil of war. When they strike the hatchet info the war post, they Jeavo il there until their enemies ask them to take it out." " Why come they now, then, to ask for piMce 7" was tho cool demand. Tiie warrior liesitated, evidi iitly at a loss to give a reply that could reconcile tlie paljiable con. trndiction of his words. " Tlie rich furs of our forests have become many," he at length observed, " since W( first took up the hatehct against the Saganaw ; and every bullet we keep for our enemies is a loss to our trade. We once exchanged furs with the chililren of our father of the pale flag. They gave us, in return, guns, blankets, |)owdcr, ball, and all that the red man reipiires in the hunting season. These are all expended ; and my young men would deal with tho Saganaw as they did with the French." " (iood ; the red skins would make |icacc; and although the arm of the Saganaw is strong, ho will not turn a deaf ear to their desire." " All tho strong holds of tho Saganaw, except two, have fallen befpre the great chief of tho Ottawas!" proudly returned the Indian, with a look of mingled scorn and defiance. " They, too, thought themselves l)eyond the reach of our tomahawks ; but they were de eeived. In less than a single moon nine of them have fallen, and the tents of my yoimg warriors arc darkened with their scalps ; but this is past. If the red skin asks for |)eace, it is because he is tired of seeing the blood of tlie Siiganaw on his tomahawk. Does my father hear ?" " We will listen to the great chief of the Ottawas, and hear what he has to say," rrlurncdthe governor, who, as well as the officers at his BiRd in aqd around tho bomb-proof, were watching every movement of the ronfi'rring [larties, with on interest proportioned lo the risk they conceived their head men had incurred in ven- turing under the very walls of their enemies. Fierce yells were uttered ; and more than a hundred dusky war- riors, brandishing their tomiihawkH in air, leaixd along the skirt I'f the eonimon,rvidenlly only awaiting the sig- nal of their great ehief, to advaneo and cover bin retreat. iVt tlic command of the governor, however, llio men lind Iugiiin niddeiily dis:.p|ier.red from tlie surface of the tain. |iart; so that when the Indians finally pereeivi-J llujt icfidcr stood unharmed and unmolested, on the t'\H){\,. had previously oecupicd, tlie excitement died away, ,ii,j they once more assumed tlieir attitude of profomidaltin. lion. " What thinks the great chief of the Ottawas now!" nskeil the governor; — "did he imagine that the yonnj while men lie sleeping like beavers in their dams, wlie^ the hunter sets his traps to cateh them? — did he inn. gine that they foresee not the designs of their ciieiiiini! and that tliey arc not always on tliu watch to iircvini them ?" " My father is a great warrior," returned the Indian " and if his arm is full of strength, his head is full nfirja! doin. The chiefs will no longer hesitate ; — they win enter tlie strong hold of the Saganaw, ond eit wiih ||j^ in the council." He next addressed a few words, and in a language not understood by tiiosc upon the wnlls, lo one of the younger of tlie Indians. The latter aekno*. ledged his sense and approbation of what was said to liim by an assentient and expressive " ugh !" which csnic from his chest without any apparent emotion of the Iik much in the manner of a modern^cntriloquist. He then hastened, with rapid and lengthened Iwundings, acnm the common towards his band. After the lapse of i mi- nute or two from reaching them, another siniultaniniu cry arose, diflViring in expression from any that had liiih. erto been heard. It was one denoting submission tolbe will, and compliance with some conveyed desire, of tlait onperior. " Is the gate of the Saganaw open ?" asked the Utifr, as soon as his ear had Imen greeted with the cry we hue just named. " The Ottawa and tlie other great rhieli are ready ; — their hearts are bold, and they throw thtni. selves into the hands of the Saganaw without fear." " Tho Ottawa chief knows the path," drily rejoined the jrovernor ; " when he comes in peoce, it is ever opdi to him ; but when his young men press it with the toini- hawk in their hands, the big thunder is roused to angtr, and they are scatleied away Uke the leaves of ilie liinsi in the storm. Even now," he pursued, as Ihe little band of Indians moved slowly round the walls, " the gase of tin Saganaw opens for the Ottawa ond tlio other chiefs." . "Let the most vigilant caution bo used every wlitre I along the works, but especially in tho rear," coiiliiiutd the governor, addressing Cnploin Blessington, on wlmni the duty of the day had devolved. " We are safe, while llicir ehiefs are with us ; but still it will Ixi necessary to wutch the (brest eloaely. We cannot be too much on our juard. 'I'lie men had lietler remain concealed, every t«ciiliil!i file only standing up to form a look-out chain. If any movement of a suspicious nature be observed. Id it Ik coinmunieoteil by tlic discharge of a single musket, Ibit the drawbridge may lie raised on the instant." Willi the delivery of these brief instructions he quitlod Um rampart wiUi the majority of his ofliccra. Meanwhile, I hasty preparations hod been made in the mess-room lo I receive the chiefs. The tables had been removed, and i [ numlHsr of clean rush mats, manufactured af\cr tlir Ir. dian manner, into various figures and devices, apreid I cari'fully uiwn the floor. At the further end from lh« I entrance was placed a small table nnd choir, cnvomi | with scarlet cloth. This was considerably elevated abnitl llic surface of Uie floor, and ijitendcd fcr tlie govcran. [ On eilher side of the room near these, werA ran<;cd 1 1 numlier of chairs for the accommodation of tiic inlcrlw | oflieers. Alajor Blackwater received tho chiefs at the p'f.\ With n firm, proud step, rendered more ennlidciit by (lii I very unwilliii|riiess to betray any thing like fear, tlicull,! and, as ('aptain Erskinc had justly designated liiiii, III I iiobk'.iooking Ponteac trod the yielding plonks ihill might ill the next moment cut him oQ' from his \\vflil fiir ever. Tho other chiefs, following the exaiii|iloiifl flieir leader, evinced tlie siune easy fearlessnesii ol'dti ineiinour, nor glanced onco behind them to sec if then I was any thing to justify tlie apprehension of hidden dm- 1 ger. I The Ottawa was evidently mortified at not beiiiftrrl eeived by tho governor in person. "My fatlicr ii ml liere!" ho said fiercely to the major: — "how i»tliii'| The Ottawa and the other chiefs are kings ofallllKil trilies. The head of ono great |if opiu should be rvccliWl only by the head of another great people I" I ' Our fittlier aits in tho conncil-hall," rclurnrd tliil major. " Hi> has taken his seat (hat he may recfiwlkl warriors with becoming honour. But I am Ibc wam^l ehief, and our Hither has sent me to receive lliein." Til the proud spirit of tho Indian lliiH explniinlinn i