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Les diagrammas suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 \ (^ «1 8 a! K U CO s ?J £ o ^ 10 ^' ^ X M H a ^ Q o en S a 2 a § S »-• iH K (1 l* W n m ► -?< g ^-* < c ^~* a K-* (■. o o ll^ s p S t-. f o C i-^ C ^^ c. ^ s s CO a! ^ ia 9 a en w S ' ' I' p. a 5 til H REPORT OF THE HEC'iND HUDSON'S BAY EXPKDITION DNDKE THE COMMAND OP Lieut. A. R. GORDON. RN. 1 8 8 B . KEPOB The Hoi 'I Rm, under in Ini visiting <'.()mn3an vvilh tho Lui over by ston, tin 4ll] I bn procecd( Tbo was Hpct George J and her when tb( she was Tho make ab gives th( when U9 tons per steam ab day, and four kno As E ed Mr. Y the ship' sidered g repairs v and repo The board all crew of i On] having jc ** Lansdo The tion and Offic ship "A Watts, s engineer Tho noers' crc Tbo geologist, Mr. Jame observers 11( I RBPORT OF THK HUDSON'S BAY RXPEDITIOX OF 1885, UNDER THE COMMA.ND OF LIKUT. A. R. GORDON, RN. The Honorable Tho MiniHtor of Marine and FiHhorief, Otluvva. Sir, — T have tho honor to report on tho IIudson'H Bay Expedition of this year, under my ecmmand as folIovTa: — In accordance with your instructions I loft Toronto on April 27th, and after visiting Ottawa, imd receivinj^ yonr final inntructionB, I wont to Halifax to take command of II. M.S. " Alorl," to prooeod with tho purchase of stores, and generally with tlio orguni/- ition of the Kxpodition. I arrived at Halifax on May^rd, and found that tho " Alert" had boon handed over by tho Senior British Naval Ofllcer in command at Halifax to Mr. H. W. John- ston, tho A^cnt of the Department of Marino at Halifax. On the raornini^ of May 4th I brou/^ht iho " Alert" alor ^sido the Marino Depaitinont wharf at Halifax, and proceeded with tho work oftittinij her out for tho Hxpodition. Tho " Alert" is a ncrow steam f-hij), bnrquo ri^'ged, of about 700 gross tons, and was Hpcciaiiy rebuilt for tho Arctic Expedition of 1876 under tho command of Sir George Naros. She is so constructed as to bo capab; of resisting groat ice prossure, and her engines being only fifty hoi-so power nominal, tho screw is small and strikes when the ship is at her load lino several feet below tho water, so that in every way ah was well adapted for tho work of the Expedition. Tho engines are compound surface condensing and when running at full speed make about 120 revolulioiis per minute, which in smooth water and calm weather gives the ship a speed of about eight and a half knots. The consumption ot fuel when using tho host Welsh coal , and steaming full speed, was a little less than six tons per day, but on ordinary occasions with tho expansion gear on, tho ship would Bteam about six knots per hour on an average consumption of about four tons per day, and when steaming slowly in slack ice, only using one boiler, wo could make four knots on two tons per day. As soon as the "Alert" was moored at the Marine Department wharf, I request* ed Mr. W. M. Smith, Chief Inspector of Machinery for tho Dominion, to examine the ship's engines and boilors and to order such repairs and renewals as he oon> sidered necessary to fit her for the voyage for which she was intended. After the repairs were made, Mr. Smith again inspected and tested the engines and boilers and reported them to be in good order. The time from May 3rd to the 27th was spent in purchasing and getting on board all tho iiecessary stores, coal, &c., tho «hip being provisioned on the basis of a crew of fifty for a voyage of four hundred days. On May 27th, all the stores being on board and tho members of the Expedition having joined, we sailed about 11 a.m., leaving the harbor in company with the D.S.S. " Lansdowne." The following are the names and positions held by the members of the Expedi* tion and Officers of the ship : — Officers of the ship — Andrew Eobertson Gordon, commanding Dominion steam- ship "Alert," Hudson's Bay Expedition ; John James Barrie, first officer ; Elward Watts, second officer ; David Mooney, chief engineer ; W. F. Esdaile, second engineer ; W. F. Yeadon, carpenter. The crew consisted of — 2 boatswains, 12 able seamen, 1 lamp trimmer, 6 engi- neers' crew, 1 chief steward, 1 chief cook, 2 assistant stewards, 1 a-sistant cook. Tho members of the Expedition were — Dr. R. Bell, F.E.S C, medical officer, geologist, 4c. ; Mr. James McNaughton, assistant geologist ; Mr. Frank F. Payne, [r. James Tyrell, Mr. John McKenzie, Mr. Percy Woodworth and Mr. Gilbert ShiiW,. observers. 11#-1 LZ')^^i-J Slniion han^.i— T^Ionphoro Meroior, John Morcior, William MillH, I). Croolman, KoUrt YeacloD, Albert JJootillior, Frank Paul, Maurice Fleming, G. F. Gooloy, A. R. BiHttotte, J. R. Bnvfditoh, William Smith. BosideH the above mentioned, Mr. D. H. Beaton, editor of the Winnipeg TivM», accompanied the Expedition an the repreflonlalive of the company who are interented in the conhtruclion of the railway from Winnipej^ to Hudson h Hay, making a total of fifty-two porBonH in all on board at the date ol Hailing. All officers and men who were engaged for the Expedition wore carefully examined, us to thoir phyuical fitnosH for the work, by Dr. Wickwiro, of Halifax, and pa8Hed UH being in sound health, and of sach a vigorouH constitution as to bo able to withstand iho rigors ot an Arctic climate. In legitrd to the mHintenanco of discipline, all Hignod articles under the Cana- dian Govonimunt Vussels Dinciplino Act, those appointed as station hands signing a dpeoial agreement that the Act should be hold to bo in force in regard to them while ashore at their observing stations, in the same way as on board the ship. THE VOYAGE, On getting clear of Halifax harbor, about noon on the 27th, shaped course to the N.E., and steuinud along the Nova Scotian couBt, passing Scattari Island light at 1 a.m. of the 'zOth. On 30th Mav, when off Ba> of Islands, about U:15 p.m., we met a large and apparently compact body uf tield ice. I steamed to the westward, coast- ing this pack; and at 9:15 p.m., as it was then nearly dark, I decided to lie off for the night. At 4 a.m. on the hUt started the engines and proceeded to the westward, coasting the edge of the pack ; and at 5 a.m., seeing that the ice seemed to extend to the south of west, took the pack, working thttugh to the N.W. This ice was very close, but it was small, and much honoycombtjd, so that I was able to force the ship through without much difflc^ulty, except on one or two occanions, when it was a little tighter than u>uul. At 4 p.m. got clear of the pack, having forced through between 35 and 40 miles of ice. I now shaped course for Greenly Island. On the morning of Ist Juno I went into Blanc Sablon Bay to fill up with coal and water. I purchased 25 tons of coal from Job Bros & Co., who have a large fish- ing station here. The wind now set in fresh from the eastward. A good deal of ice came in, passing to the westward through the Straits, ^.nd it would have been waste of fuel to go out. I therefore remained here untit 4 a.m. of the 4th, when the wind hauled out to the northward. We steamed to the westward under the north shore, finding a steadily widening f^eld of icit, from Point Amour westward, and which filled the whole channel between Chateau Bay and Belle Isle with a tight pack of ioe. Close in under the island (Belle Isle) was a narrow streak of open water through which we made our waj, and passing close around the north end of the island we headed out through the pack to the eastward. The ice was very heavy, but not very tight together, so that we made good way through it, as long as daylight lasted. As soon as night set in I stopped the eagines, and patting the ship under topsails and jib, kept her headed out to the eastward. At daylight on the 5th (2:45 a.m.) started the engines again, and open water being visible from the masthead, headed the ship for it, and got clear of the pack at 3:15 a.m. 5th June. — The edge of the ice at first ran about E.S.E., bat at 4:40 a.m. we arrived at ite> eastern limit and were able to head up to N.N.E. On this coarse we again made the ice during the day, but whenever ice was reported ahead, the coarse was altered as necessary to keep the ship on the oater edge of the pack. There was now lying between us and the I^brador coast about fifty miles of tight and heavy ice and large numbers of icebergs both interspersed through the pack and in the open water to the eastward. 6th June. — Shortly before midnight of the 6th, a dense fog set in which com- pelled me to take in all canvas and work the engines easy. Aboat 8 a.m. the fog cleared away ; took the pack and steamed away to the N.B. all day through heavy ice, which was in some places very closely packed, and in others contained lakes of yroolmnn, loy, A. H. ig Timea, ntoroHtod g a total carofully lifaz, and lO ablo to the Caoa- Higning a lem while irse to the light at 1 we met a ,rd, ooast- lio off for westward, ) extend to was very io the ship vas a little ii between with coal large fisb- deal of ice eeo waste the wind trth shore, nd which ack of ioe. ir throaffh island we t not very isted. As )pBails and n.) started id the ship :0 a.m. we coarse we the coarse y miles of irough the hich com- m. the fog agh heavy id lakes of I open water. Al 1():.'{0 p.m. wan eo clone and iiouvy that I etoppod the engines for the night. 7th .lurio.— At \:'Mi a.m. the win p.m. ot tiio 12lh we were in Lut. 5!)" N., abreast of the mouth of Naohvak i^uy, whore Hiution No. 2 IiikI boon OHtablinhed in the neason of 1881. I headed the ship dir'.'(5t in fur tho land, which wiih distinctly visible, and taking the pack at once steamed in till lOiiio, when wo found tho ice so tight and heavy that it was impossible to force the ship any farther to tho west. I therefore beaded her out to tho eastward, and getting clour of the pack, proceeded to the northward. On June ir)th, at .') ]).m. made tho edge of the ice about 35 miles east of Gape Resolution, tho ice, though heavy, was slack ; steamed in, working as near course as popsible. At 1:30 a.m. of the IHth made the land— Cape Beat. Tho ice was now run tight touothor, so wo banked the tires and left the ship to pull under a foretopsail and F. T. stayflail. To-day sounded at 10 a.m. no bottom at 120 fathoms, toraporo- ture at tho surface 20°. 9, at 120 fathoms 32**. At 6 p.m. the ice set solid to tho ship fore and att, rafting and piling up all round. On the 17th it was reported to me that tho iron stem plate had been broken otf some distance below the water. This was u mo^l serious injury, as I daro not drive the ship at all hard through the ice, but as the Htom was still covered with boiler-plate sheathing, I thought it pos- sible that wo might with care still carry out the voyago. From June 16th to July 6th we wore drifting with the ico. At times the ioe would run abroad and then the ship was worked under steam or sail, in whatever direction seemed most promising. I append hereto a chart on an enlarged scale, showing approximately oar drift in the ico. We got up steam in one boiler at 6 p.m. on July 6th, and worked the ship steadily out to tho eastward, and at 1:50 p.m. on the 8th, having modo upwards of a hundred miles to the eastward, got clear of the ice and shaped course to the southward. The voyago from the Straits to St. Johns, Nfld., occupied seven days, a^ wo were delayed u good deal by fog, bat wo arrived at St. Johns on tho evening of the 15th, and I immediately made arrangements to have the ship pat in dry dock and for tho forging of a new stem plate. All the repairs were satisfactorily aooomplished, and on the evening of the 27th, having taken in a supply of coal, fresh provisions, &o., weighed and proceeded for Hadson's Straits. Leaving St. Johns as before stated on tho evening of the 27th July, we had fine weather ana no delay from either fog or ice until arriving off Cape Mugford ; here we mot the ico again, but it was sufficiently open to steam through without difficulty. At 8:45 p.m. on August the 1st, we anchored in Skynner's Cove, Nachvak Bay, and found that the observers wore all wel' and had passed a very pleasant winter. On Augubt 2nd, got under way and proceeded for Cape Chudleigh Station (Port Barwell). 1 took Mr. Skynner on board at Nachvak, leaving his two assistants, Messrs. Jordan and JRainslord, to carry on tho work daring tho summer. We found scattered ice all the way from Nachvak to the Straits, but at 4 a.m., when off Cape Chudleigh, found the ico run tight together; it now shut down dense fog, which, however, cleared off about 9:30 a.m., the ship had meanwhile got fast in the pack and we were carried nearly through Gray Strait by tho tide when still fast, then back again for aboat six miles, but when the tide was about half ebb the ice slacked off and we were able to steam to the westwards Dense fog again set ia just before we wero clear of the Strait, I therefore steamed N. W. (mag.) and lay to in the ice for the night. .„ ,. ^ ,.,.., On the following morning, August the 4th, observed a vessel in the ice in the Straits, supposed to be the Hudnon's Bay Company's ship Diana, bou.id for Fort Chimo. The ice -^ .s so thick around the shore that it was with difficulty wo were able to work our way into the harbour (Port Burwell), and when in there the ice wasjammed so tightly that I walked from the ship to the shore without difficulty. I found Mr. Burwell and his two assistants well, and they reported having spent a ploassnt winter ; that the house had been comfortably warm, and the supply of provisions ample and of good quality. Owing to the impossibility of landing stores over the rough ice which tilled the harbour, I arranged to leave Mr. Burwell and his men to continue the work of ob- serving until the return voyage, and on the following morning (August 5tb) got the anchor up at 6 a.m. and proceeded for Ashe Inlet. I had concluded to make for Ashe Inlel, as our experience last jcur was that the north shore of the Straits was clear of ice before the south, and this was in accord with what the prevailing direction of the wind would indicate as being the probable movement of the ice. Outside the harbour wo found the ice heavy, but fairly open for the first ten or fifteen miles, after which wo found it tightly jammed and very heavy. At 10:50 a.m. I stopped the erijines as we could not make any way through it, as the ice opened in leads from time to time, went ahead making nearly north, true, but not averaging on the whole much more than one and a half knots per hour up to midnight. All day of the 6th met large quantities of ice, some of it very heavy, but as op- portunity oflFeredj worked the ship to the westward ; made from noon of the 6th to noon of the 7th about 31 miles, nearly all which was made on the afternoon of the 6th. A little before noon of the 7th the ice ran abroad a little, and we were able to work through at about iour knots an hour. During the afternoon wo passed the Hudson's Bay Company's two ships, the " Princess Eoyal " (barque) and the " Cam Owen" (brigantine). We exchanged numbers with tbo "Princess Royal" and steamed up close to the " Cam Owen " and spoke to Captain Hawes. The latter vessel had been moored to a heavy ice-pan for several days, waiting for her consort to come up. • All of the 8th and up to 6 p.m. of the 9th the ship was jammed, but from this time up to midnight the ice ran abroad a little, and we made about 12 miles to the westward, but the ice closing in at midnight, the ship was again fast, and remained so up to 8 a.m. of the 11th. At this time the ice ran abroad, and at 2 p.m., having made about 22 miles to W.N.W., we were clear of the body of the ice. The weather was now very thick, but, as the ice was very much scattered, we had no difficulty in making our course. On the morning of the 12th we were lying about 12 miles off tl ; shore and just to the south of the entrance to Ashe Inlet, with clear water to the south of us, but between us and the shore a tight jam of ice. I steamed along the edge of the ice for some distance, and finally decided to try and force the ship in, but at 7 a.m. the ship was tightly jammed about 7 miles off shore. About 11 a.m. the ice slacked off a little, and I went ahead again with the engines. We succeeded in forcing our way in to within about 2 miles of the harbor, when the propeller struck a piece of ice And one of the blades was broken off. Got the screw on deck and attached a new blade, but by the time the work was finished (7 p.m.) the ship was beset, and was being carri«d to the westward. From this date up to August 2l8t we were either fast in the ice or working through, endeavoring to get up to Ashe Inlet. On the 17th wtj got within half a mile of the entrance to the harbor, and Mr. Ashe's two assistants came off to the ship over the ice. They reported Mr. Ashe sick, having, as they thought, sprained his wrist. I still hoped to make the harbor, but by the following morning the ship had been carried far to the westward, and on the 2l8t, when I gave up the attempt, the ship was between 49 and 60 miles to the westward of the Inlet. At 3:30 a.m. on this day I started the engines and at 7:15 p.m. got olear of from th< for day At] any ice i along th I fo among t that, as leave for exeollem eluded n after the Mr. F. F men wer No. 1, Ca No. 2, Sk No. 3 Asl No. 4, Sti No. 5, N No. 6, Ca At 6 ceeded fo encountei report th Dr. Bell, the survi^ man had the printe u To Cap "Sib etation m Island, I "Mr, 1884; th( the ship t been put « Alert," amined tl them vor on the me ft ,) and lay- ice in the i for Fort wo were re the ice JiflSculty. ing spent supply of tilled the rk of ob- a) got the IS that the in accord J probable lirly open and very any way ing nearly iialf knots but as op- the 6th to oon of the 3ro able to Dassed the the " Cam yal " and The latter er consort from this i miles to fast, and at 2 p.m., ice. The wo had DO re and jast of us, but the ice for 1. the ship ked off a our way ece of ice bed a new t, and was ere cither On the Ishe's two ik, having, but by the tho 2 1st, westward I p.m. got clear of the south edge of the ice. I estimated that we had made about 25 miles from the land to tho edge of the pack. At midnis^ht stopped the engines to wait for day light, before making the land on the south shore. At noon of the 22nd arrived and anchored in Stupart's Bay. We had not passed any ice after 9 p.m. tho previous evening, nor was there a single particle visible all along the south coast. I found here letters from Mr. Stupart stating that, in consequence of famine among the natives, he had been obliged to give them some of his provisions, and that, as tho ship was later than he ozpoctcd in arriving, ho had thought it best to leave for Fort Ohimo in his boat. As he stated that both he and his men were ia excellent health, and as I was aware that he was an experienced boat sailor, I con- cluded not to go in search of them, but to go on with the voyage. Immediately after the anchor was down wo proceeded with the work of landing the stores for Mr. F. F. Payne and party. I may here state the stations to which the officers and men wore detailed for the year 1885-86. Station. No. 1, Cape Chudleigh No. 2, Skynner's Cove No. 3 Ashe Inlet No. 4, Btupart's Bay No. 5, Nottingham's Island No. 6, Cape Bigges G. R. Shaw abolished. J. W. Tyrell, D. L. S P. F. Payne John MoEenzio Percy Wood worth Station Hands. f Tolesphore Morcier. ( John Morcier. D. Creelman. William Mills. Albert Boutillier. Frank Paul. Maurice Fleming* G. P. Gooley. A. B. Bissotte. J. Bowditch. n At 6 p. m. all the stores, coal, etc., having been landed, we weighed and pro- ceeded for Nottingham Island, where we arrived at noon on Monday, 24th, having encountered no ice whatever on the passage. At this station I regret to have to report the death of one of the station hands, A. B. Inglis, of Halifax. Assisted by Dr. Bell, I separately examined both Mr. Do Bouohorville and Mr. W. F. Esdaile, the surviving station band. The examination showed clearly to my mind that the man had diod from scurvy, brought on by neglect of tho precautions mentic ned ia the printed instructions* The following is Br. Bell's report on the case: — •• SS. * Albut,' Hudson's Straits, August 24th, 1885. ** To Capt. A. R. Gordon, " Commanding H. B. Expedition. " Sib, — Having asked mo to give you my opinion of the cause of the death of station man, A. B. Inglis, which we heard of today on our arrival at Nottingham Island, I beg to hand you the following statement : " Mr. Inglis w:.s left at the station in charge of Mr. Be Boucherville in August, 1884 ; the other station man was Mr. W. Esdaile. The two survivors came on board the ship this afternoon, having boon relieved by a new party whose stores have just been put ashore. Soon after Messrs Be Boucherville and Esdaile reached the " Alort," wo called them into your cabin separately, and in 3 our presence I ex- amined them successively in regard to the illness and death of Inglis, questioning them very fully as to all the circumstances, signs and symptoms of his disease, and on the means which had been employed in the treatment of it. In this way we obtained a complete history of the whole case. Immediately on Mr. De Boucher- yille's retiring from the cabin, Mr. Esdaile was sammoned and requested to give his account of the case, and to answer a great variety of questions similar to those which had just been put to the foimer. "«' The result, as you are aware, was a complete agreement of the two, and from, their statements I have no doubt that the unfortunate men died from scurvy. In deecribing the case they mentioned nearly all the features which are usually observed in the common form of this disease, as met with on land. I was satisfied, and I think you wore also, that the deceased hud been kindly and assiduously cared for by Messrs. DoBoucherville and Esdaile, and that no blame can attach to either of them on account of this sad occurrence. As you have requested Mr. DdBoucherville to make a written statement of the case as just related by himself, I need not hero report his account of it. " I have the honor to be, Sir, " Your obedient sei'vant, " EGBERT BELL, M.D., " Medical Officer, Hudson's Bay Expedition." The report by Mr. 0. Y. DeBouchervillo states that the unfortunate raan spent the greater part of the time daring the winter months lying in his bod, and that ho was unable to induce him either to take sufficient exercise or to partake of such variety of food as had been recommended by the doctor, and in his examination he stated distinctly that Inglis had not taken his lime juice, as required by the instructions. it is a noticeable fact that both cases of scurvy which occurred this year wore those in which the sufferers had neglected to take the lime juice regularly. Immediately after the anchor was let go, the work of landing the stores and pro- visions was commenced, and at 8 p.m. we left for Capo Digges, having landed Mr. McKenzie and his two men and all the necessary fuel and stores. We lay to in the Straits that night and at 10 a.m. on tho morning of the 25th anchored in ihe harbor at Cape Digges, wore we found Mr. Laperrioro and his men in excellent health, and reporting that they had spent a very pleasant and comfortable winter. I remnined in this harbor, shifting coal and taking in ballast till the evening of tho 28th, when •we sailed for Churchill. Passing to the east of Mansfield Island I took a line of soundings all the way across the bay. We made Knightshill Beacon at 8 a.m. of the 31st, and anchored in Churchill harbor at 2 p.m. the same day; when we found that the Hudson's Bay Company's ship the '< Cam Owen " which we had passed iu the ice on the *7th of the month, had arrived hero two days ahead of us. I examined the meteorological instruments used here and got all the returns from Mr. Spencer. He reported that last spring had been exceptionally late in regard to tho movement of the ice, but that the winter had not been a severe one. From the 3l8t August to the 7th September, we remained in Churchill, tho weather being very bad ; it blew a gale almost continuously from the night of the 31st to the evening of the 6th. On some of the days it was impossible to commu- nicate with the shore. X put up a tide gauge horo and had continuous observations taken. I found the rise and fall of the Hudson's Bay Company's wharf to be between 9 and 10 feet, and the velocity of the current at the anchorage at half ebb to be five and a half knots, in the narrows at the entrance of the harbor it runs more rapidly. 1 estimate the maximum velocity at this point to be about eight knots. On the morning of tho 7th we left Churchill and shaped course across the bay for tho North Sleepers, Dr. Bell being anxious to examine their geological forma- tion, and as I wit-hed to test tl:e accuracy of their position as laid down on the chart. On the run eastward a regular series of soundings was taken, the lead being run down every four hours. We had fine weather all tho way across, and made the Sleepers on the afternoon of the 10th, but as the wind freshened so much that we could not have landed from tho f Bouoher- ) give hift se which and from. irvy. In observed Led, and I ed for by r of them lorville to not hero Ution." nan spent id that be e of such nation he id by the year were s and prO' andod Mr. to in the he harbor loalth, and remained 8th, when k a line of 8 a.m. of 1 we found passed iii he returns 3 in regard irchill, the ;ht of the to commu- )8er nations )e between ) to be five re rapidly. )ss the bay ical forma- tho chart. being run 3 afternoon t)d from th© boats, I stood out to sea for the night; the following morning (1 1th) Dr. Bell and his assistant were landed on one of the islands, and I obtained good observations for position. I also made a running survey of the western side of the most northerly Eortion of this group of islands, and named the islands after those gentlemen who ad so generously contributed to Mission Work in Hudson's Bay. On the following afternoon (12th Sept.) at 6 p.m. we arrived in Port Laperriere, Gape Digges. The 14th, 15th and 16th were spent in shifting coal and taking in ballast and water. On the 13th and 14th it blew a strong gale from the N.'B., and on the 15th it continued to blow fresh though not amounting to a gale. On the morning of the 13th Dr. Bell and party went over in one of the whale boats to the mainland, and the continued blow prevented their getting back to the ship till the evening of the Hth, when I picked them up at sea. At 7 a.m. we arrived ofif the entrance of Fort DeBoucherville, Nottingham Island, and sent the boats in with some additional supplies for the station there. At 8:30 the boats having returned, left Nottingham Island for Ashe Inlet. We made an excellent run to tbfj Inlet, arriving there at 9 on the following morning. No held ice was met with except a few scattered pans lying off the S.E. end of Salisbury Island ; there were, however, quite a number of icebergs, sometimes eight or ten being in sight at one time. We anchored in Ashe Inlet at 9 a.m., and proceeded at once with the work of landing stores and provisions. Mr. Ashe, the observer in charge, was found to be suffering from an attack of scurvy. He was unable to walk at first, but after coming on board and receiving medical treatment he improved rapidly. Mr. Tyrell and his two assistants were landed here, and at 5 p.m. all stores, provJ.sion8,&c., being ashore, weighed and proceeded for Stupart's Bay, where we arrived and anchored at noon on Sunday, the 20th September. On entering the bay the ship touched the bottom aft, but she came off at once without any damage. The weather was now very threatening in appearance. I, therefore, on the morn- ing of the iJlst, shifted berth farther out and at 4 p.m. let go a second anchor. All night of the 2l8t, the whole of the 2^r.d, and the morning of the 23rd, it blew a strong gale from the S.E., E. and N.B., with a heavy sea rolling into the harbor. At night on the 23rd the wind went down, and everything for the station having been landed, I left at 5.30 a.m. of the 24th. From this date up to the 29th we had almost continuously, heavy gales accompanied by blinding snow. After 8 a.m. of the 25th I laid the ship to, first on one tack and then on the other, and drifted out of the Straits, On the night of the 28th the wind moderated and I steamed round to the northward of the Buttons, and arrived at Port Burwell at 8 a.m. of the 29th. The weather had now every appearance of a coming storm, but during the day the wind continued light and we were able to land all the provisions and stores for the station. At 10 p.m. let go the starboard anchor, the wind having increased to a gale from S.W., a heavy sea was coming into the harbor, and the ship rolling and laboring heavily. At 4 a m. of the 30th it was blowing almost a hurricane and the ship was laboring much, with a very heavy sea breaking on the f^hore astern. I therefore got steam up and had the engines ready for instant use. At 7 a.m. found the ship dragging, went ahead with engines, and weighed starboard anchor, when we found that it was foul and had not been holding. As soon as i* was cleared I let it go again, and then weighed the port anchor, which was found to have been broken short off at the crown, both flukes being gone; the bower chain was then shackled on to the sheet anchor, which was let go. The gale continued up to the afternoon of the 1st. On the 2nd and 3rd all hands were employed in getting ballast and water, and shifting coal, but on the 4th, 6th and 6th it was again blowing a gale from the eastward. On the morning of the 7th the wind had moderated, and at 1 p.m. we left for Nachvak, where wo arrived at 11 a.m. on the following day. At Nachvak I received letters from Mr. K. F. Stupart, informing mo of his safe arrival at Fort Chimo, and that he had gone down the Labrador coast in the Hudson Bay Company's steamer " Labrador." 8 Ab it was not the intention of the Department to continue the station at this point for another year, I took Messrs. Jordan and Rainsford on board, together with all their instraments and unused provisions, and at 5:30 p.m. left Nachvak home- ward bound. The 8th, 9th and 10th were fine days, but on the 11th we had a heavy N.E. ^ale «nd a blinding snowstorm, and at 4:30 p.m. the ship was lying to under storm mizen and reefed main trysail ; the sea was breaking over us a good deal, and I determined to try the effect of oil. I therefore placed a keg so that the oil should drip through a dischaigo pipe on the weather side. The effect of the oil was instantaneous, and in the thirty hours succeeding only two seas struck the ship. The total amount of ml consumed was about eighty gallons. One point which was most noticeable was that before using the oil the engine-room hatch and all hatches except the after com- panion and the scuttle under the topgallant forecastle we/e battened down, and the water was constantly washing about on the deck ; afterwards we were able to open one light of the engine-room skylight, and the decks dried up except for the little water that washed up through the scuppers in the waist as the ship rolled. At midnight on the 12th the gale had abated and sail was made on the ship, but the engines started at half speed only, as there were still frequent and heavy showers of passing snow. On the 12th at 9.60 p.m. made Bacalieu Island light, ard at 8 a.m. on the following morning we anchored in St. Johns, Newfoundland. I here purchased ooal and filled up the water tanks, and leaving St. Johns at 3 a.m. on the 15th, arrived and anchored in Halifax harbor at 3 a.m. on the 18th. After daylight weighed and steamed into the Marine wharf and when the ship was secured, discharged ship's company and station hands of 1884-85. ICE OBSERVATIONS. In order that the range of the straits commanded by each station may bo fully nnderstcod, I have described on the accompanying charts circles representing the horizon limit of the observation post at each station. In locating the observing stations I always had in view the obtaining, if possible, a comparatively sheltered spot for the erection of the dwelling house and then subsequently, selected the observation point from which the ice was to be watched. The following are the heights of the observing points at the several stations : — Station No. 1, Port Burwell, height, 250 foot, horizon distance, 18 mileo. Station No. 2, Skynners Oo7e, height, 90 feet, horizon distance, 11 miles. At this station observations ware frequently made during the spring at altitudes of 400 and 500 feet, and on some occasionw at upwards of 1,000 feet. Station No. 3, Ashe Inlet, approximate height, 250 feet, horizon distance, 18 miles. Occasionally observations were taken at a height of nearly 400 feet. Station No. 4, Stupart's Bay, 350 feet, horizon distance, 22 miles. Station No. 6, Nottingham Island, 120 feet, horizon distance, nearly 13 miles. Station No 6, Port Laperriere, abou^ 250 feet, horizon distance, nearly 18 miles. At this station observations were oco isionally made at much greater heights. PORT BURWELL. loK Reoobd. August, 1884. Record begins on August 10th, when no ice w»w in sight. On the 18th. A large iceberg drifted into the mouth of the harbor. On the 23rd. Several icebergs. On the 24th. Some of the bergs floated into the harbor and a few were still to he seen in the Straits. 9 at this ler with : home- .E. gale a. mizen srmined through ous, and lount of ible was ;er com- and the to open he little hip, but Bkowers on the ised ooal , arrived bed and )d ship's be fully ting the bserving ired spot ervation tions : — iltitades inco, 18 miles. 8 miles, ghts. still to On the 27th. A number of icebergs in the Straits. On the 29th. The harbor was covered with a thin coating of ice in the early morning. On 30th and 31st. A number of small icebergs in the Straits. September, 1884. On September 4th. No icebergs were in view, nor any seen again till the 9th, from which date to tbe 18th a number were observed each duy, some moving down into McLelan Straits and others into Ungava Bay. On the 19th and 20th. No ice in sight, but on the 2lBt a number of small borgs off the harbor and in the Straits. Icebergs continued in sight up to the 25th, on which day Straits are reported clear. On the 29th and 30th. A few bergs came in sight. October, 1884. October Ist. A few icebergs in sight which appear to move down into Ungava Bay. Icebergs in sight reported daily after this up to the 8th. On the 3rd. The fresh water lakes were frozen, and on October 5th the first a[>- pear&iiice of drift ice ; this, however, in quite small fragments and passed away again. On the 9tb. Straits clear of ice. 10th. Two large bergs in sight. 11th, 12th, 13th. A few bergs in sight. 14th, 15th, 16th. Clear of ice. On the 17th. Four large bergs. 18th. Clear. 19th, 20th and 2l8t. A few bergs in sight. 22nd. Drift ice and bergs visible in the Straits. On the 24th. No ice in sight, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th. A few icebergs in sight. On the 29th. The harbor is nearly frozen over. 30th. No icebergs in the Straits, but a few to be seen in Ungava Bay. Slst. No icebergs in the Straits, but small fragments of drift ice collect in the harbor. November, 1884. November 1st. Harbor is completely frozen over, but no icebergs or drift ioe in sight. November 2nd. Harbor ice 1^ inches thick, no icebergs in sight. November 3rd. One iceberg and some drift ice in the Straits. 4th. Shore ice has formed for four cr five miles out from the mouth of the harbor, a large belt of ice can be seen in tbe central part of the Straits extending as far as the eye could reach, the shore ice extends out four or five miUs all the way along the coast. November 6th. Straits contained a great quantity of ice. Ungava Bay is com- pletely covered with ioe as far as can be seen, but the ice both here and in the Straits is much broken up. 6th. Harbor ice is now 3 inches in thickness. Ioe continues to collect in the Straits and the Bay is covered. 7th. Harbor ice is tour inches thick, drift ice continues to collect. 8th. No open water to be seen, ice continues in Straits about 5 inches in thickness. 9th. Harbor ice 6 inches thick, no open water visible. 10th. Harbor ice 7 inches thick. 11th. Harbor ice 8 inches thick. The ice in the Straits is now very rough, being oomposed ot masses of ice piled over each other in all manners of shapes. Some of the fresh water lakes have now ice eighteen inches in thickness. 18th. No open water, harbor ioe 9^ inches thick. 13th do do 10 do , . 14th do do 10^ do 15th. No open water. 16th. No open water, harbor ice 11 inches thick. nth do do 11^ do 18th. Harbor ice is now 12 inches thick, and the ice in the Straits is maoh broken np and drifts with the current in places. ' 19th. Harbor ice 12| inches thick. Straits' ioe much broken op. 22nd. Harbor ice 13 inches. 24tb. Harbor ice 13^ inches. On this night a very heavy easterly £;ale set in and at night it reached the force of a hurricane, the anemometer though firmly secured in its place by heavy, coarse thread wood screws was blown down and the house waa lifted from its foundations several times. At 4 a.m. on the 25th the gale began to abate. Notwithstanding the severity of this gale the condition of the ice remained apparently unchanged. 26th. Harbor ice 14 inches, ice outside unchanged. 27th. do 16 do do 28th. do 15} do 29th. do 16 do Ice outside very rough, some pieces standing np 8 or 10 feet above the average level. 30th. Straits' ice tightly jammed. December, 1884. Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6tL. No change in ice reported. Tth. Harbor ice 19} inches thick. 8th, 9th. No change reported. 10th. Ice in the Straits continues to jam and pile up, and is in the roughest oon- oeivable condition. A few icebergs are visible dotted here and there in the field ioa lUh, 12th, 13th. No change. 14th. The ice in the Straits has all frozen together forming a solid mass of field ice, broken only in a few places where there is a current, in which place the ice moves with the tide. 15tb, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th. No change in ice reported. 20th. A narrow current seems to extend from the north along the coast down into Ungaya Bay, in which the ice moves to and fro with the tide, and carrying with it large icebergs. AH the rest of the ice app en water ble. i. there is of water feet above i^ater only 19th. Ice aboot one mile from the mouth of the Inlot. A few tioatterod pieoea round the shore. 20th, 2lBt, 22Dd. Ice swings off the coast and back again. 23rd. The Hudson's Bay Officor, Mr. Ford, who iH a native of this coast, tolls me there are three separate paclis of ico reoognizod as having to pass down the coast each spring. The first is called " Kugiot," or loose ico ; the second is in larger pieces and much discoha'od with sand and dirt, called " Anidlujuok ; " the third is clear blue and clean, and is called " Nowlowjuck." The second batch of ico is the one with which the seals are got. 2ard, 24tb, 2ftth, 2Glb, 27th, 2Stb, 29th, 30th. Ico still off the coast at varying distances. July, 1886. 1st, 2nd, Bid, 4th, 5th, 6tb, Ttb. Ice visible off the coast, and swinging with the tide at different distances off' shore. 8th, 9tb, 10th. No ico in sight out at sea. On the 10th the Inlet ice went oat in a single pan, two miles acroHs and about six miles long. 11th, 12lh, 13th. No ico in eight. 14th. Large masses of ico ten milos oat at soa. 15th. Ico visible about ten or eleven milos out. 17th, 18th, 19tb. Dense fog. 20th. Field ice about four miles off the coast. 2lBt, 22uU, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 20th, 27th, 28tb, 29th, 30th, 31st. Field ice off the coasts at varying distances, somotimos close in and fills up Inlet, at other times only visible on the horizon. August, 1885. Ist. Ice off about ten miles. 3rd. No ico visible outside, nor was any seen between this date and 9th October, on which day the station was abandoned. ASHE INLET, STATION NO. 3. IcB Bbooad. August, 1S84:. 25th to Slst. No ioe visible in the Straits. September, 1884. Some icebergs were seen during the month but no field ice, except a few scattered pieces on the 8th. October, 1884. Ist. Ice formed on sheltered parts of the Inlet. 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th. A few icebergs in sight each day. 10th, 11th. No ice visible in the Straits. 12th. A few bergs seen to-day. 13th, 14th, 15th. No ice visible. ,1; 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 30th, 21st, 22nd. A few icebergs visible. 23rd, 24th. No ice. 2Sth. Very few icebergs visible. ■ 4 It November, 1884. 14th. A few icobor/?H and somo fioM i(!0, Inlot trofon over with 3 inclioM of loo. l&th, Ifith, 17th 18th. 19th, A few icober^i and loose fiold ioo in Hi^ht nil tho UmOt 20th, 2l8t. Solid fiold ice m far out art can bo necn. 22nd. Heavy field ice and Homo icoborgM in Higlit. ii3rd. Fiold ice curl iod otrBhoro. 27tb, 28th, 29th. A few borKHand much field ico in ti/^ht. 30tb. Compact fiold ico aa mr out uh can be aeon. December, 1884. Ist. Compact fiold ico extends to tho horizon. iBt to 17th. Obnorvor roport» ice continues tho sumo solid fiold extending to tho lorizon. January, 1886. Cth. J^iold ice now very thick flouting as before in ono contin nous moHB with very- narrow uiid hhort channolh along tho Khoro or rarely in tho midttt of it with the wind oflF«hore, there is a continuous channel between the fiold ico and tho shore, thicknes;* of ico in the Inlet 2 feet 3 inohes. February, 1885. 3rd. Occasional opon channels along the shore with off shore wind, if tho wind continues those sometimes attain a width of two miles. Ico in tho Inlot is now 2 foot 9^ inches. March, 1885. 4th. Field ice continues the same. Ice in Inlet 2 feet lOJ^ inchos. April, 1885. 4th. Field ice continues tho same as last month. Thickness of ico in Inlet, 3 feet 10 inches. 17th. Field ice in smaller detached pieces, with about 15 per cent, of open water amongst it. Tho continuous north-west wind has carried the fiold 7 miles ofif shore. 20th. From one to three miles of open water along shore. 2l8t. Cold weather ; snow, and on shore, winds have made the ice increa.se in quantity, thin ico is forming between tho pans. 23rd. A little ice is forming in tho Straits. 25th. Ice is set in on this shore. 28tb. Ice is beginning to open a little. J/aj/, 1885. 3rd. Ice in Inlet 4 feet 3 inches thick, field ice same as last report. 4th. Water now shows on top of tho ice in the Inlet. 5th. Tho field ice begins to look very sodden and dirty quite a number of spaces ol open water of considerable extent appear. 6tb. About 10 per cent, of open water shows ice tight in, on the shore. 8th. Ice the same with an open channel along the shore. Wind N. W. 15tb. Ico tight agaiust the shore. ^ 23rd. Ice very open to the oast of the Island with a good wide channel along this 17 24lh, T'» tho «ft-*t, iiH frtr uh tho horizon, tlioic is altnorit porfootly opon wator con- tinuing ns a narrow Itjlt alon^ Itio rthoi'O to tho vvoHtw:irJ, about ono and a half to two milt'H in width. 2ftth. Wind having hhiftoJ to S, E. field ico Im roturnin;^. 2dth. Ico Hot tight againnt t'lo nhova witli abjut \^ por cont. of opon water tthuwing to the uaHtward. 29th. Ico raoro oil" Hhnrc. June, 1885, Int. 1(10 Blill on whoro but very dirty looicinj;, :^rd. Thicitnorid of ico in Inlot 1 foot 4^ inohos tho ico is beginning to honoy> comb. 4th to 7th, ico very compact on iImh -horo. Dth. Ico Btill compact in 8tra fi. lOLh. N. \V. Wind, i.ii) h;u opo lo i olV L'lo whoro louving a oluinnol throo r^uurtors of a milo wide all along tho hIioco. llth. ]''iold ico much piled uj) ono i)lock on iinothor, much open wutor to Iho cast which howovor narrows do-.vii to about 4 inilen, abreast of tho Htation. l;Uh. Ico about ono milo oil ehoro. 14th. N. W. wind has cariicil iho ico 10 milos oft\ llith. Ico irt hoavil}' net in on thin nhoro, but a niimbor of narrow and discon- nectcdchannols hhow thiou/^h it. ISth. Thcro Hocms to bo an almost continuous channol, from 1 to 2 miljs wido and about 18 milos oil' slioro butwoon hero and thoro tho ico is tight. 21st. Open channel along tlio nhoro, no iuo visiblo to S. K. and E. 2iird. Ico as l)cloie. 24th. Two whalo boats of Eskimo camo down from tho trading station west of horo (Capt, Nipkins). 25th. Ico distributed ovonly as far as can bo 8ocn about 30 per cont of opon wator shows. 26th. Ico tight on this blioro only 15 por cont of opon water now visiblo. 28th. Ico very opon to tho soutii-^sast and well opan to tho south today nnd since tho 26th a wido continuous channel has romuinod opoa near tho horizon. Ju/y, 1885. 1st. Opon wator still shows ab)ut 18 miles offshore, ico tight on tho shore. 2nd. Thickness of u-o in InlotS IL. iU iaclica licld ico remains tho same. 5lh. Thickness of ico in Inlot H ft. f^ nchcs, ico continues tight one bhoro but very opon to tho cast and south-oast. 6th. Ico well out from shore. Ico in inlet now only 2 feet 3^ inches thick. 7th. Ico only 2 foot thick in inlet. Pield ico tho fame. 8th. Ico in inlet now 1 foot, 9| inches in thickness. Field ico tho samo as before with open wator channol showing i8 miles oil" shore. 12th. Ice left tho Inlet. 17th. Field ice tight on this shore. 18th. Ico about ono milo off shore. 19th. Ice very open though close to shore. 22nd. Ice since 'iOth very close to shore, no open water visiblo. 23rd. Much field ice. 24th. To tho oast apparently unlimited opon water. 26th. The ico from tho Straits grounding in the Inlet, shows a thickness of 30 foot. 27th. No ice visiblo south-east of station. Largo epaces of open wttcr elsewhere. liSth. Ico set in from all directions on shore. 31st. Ico continues. lie— i 18 August, 1885. 4th. Eastern edf^e of field ice is now opjiosito oast end of this Island. Channel of open water 15 miles off shore. 5th. Eastern edge of ice now opposite station. Channel now probably 10 miles wide. 12th. channel now about 10 miles out and in widlh continues beyond the horizon. No ice to the eastward. " Alert " appeared anl broke her propeilor trying to force her way throuiifh the bolt of ice. 17th. Ice as before. 21st. North-west wind is now carryin<; the ice offshore. 30th. Field ice is all gone since the 2lst, only a few str.iggling pieces have been seen. September, 1885. 18th. No ficldtice has been seen since last report. STUPART'S BAY, STATION NO. 4. Ice Record. August, 1884. During the latter part of this month there was a small quantity of loose ice in the Straits, September, 1884, During the first week there was a little loose ice floating about but after the 8th, with the exception of a few bergs, there was no ice visible. October, 1884. Ice began to form in the Straits on the 22nd, and by the 28th was probably between 3 and 5 inches thick, with very little water in any direction. I^ovember, 1884. Ist. Ice in Bay about 8 inches thick. For a distance of several miles from shore ice much broken, with a general movement to the southeast; further out it is much more compact, 15th. The ice which has covered Straits for papt fortniqht seems to have boon earned to the south-east and packed in near shore. Water to east and north is now covered with much thinner ice ; no •-'lly open water to be seen. 19th. Ice quite compact to northward. North-oast a largo patch of clear water on horizon. To eastward much open water for some miles out from shore, but none visible beyond. 2 1st. Ice stiil much broken and scattered ; in fact there is now very little for some miles from t-hore. Ice blink along horizon except at ono point to north, where it 18 doubtful whether there is any ice at all, 23rd. For several miles out very littlo ice, and in distance it seems much broken and scattered. To northward there is scarcely any. 26lh. Ice in Straits much broken and scattered, especially to north-oast and east, where there are mere patches of ice here and there. 28ih. A patch of old heavy ice to northward ; water beyond. 30th. Very little ice to be seen from look-out post today; two or three patches to north and north-east, the rest is mere scum, clear water along the shore. 2nd, 1 south-east i 5th. T open water open water. 7th, Ic water visibi 10th. ^ open water 1 13th. V east othorwi 18th. A south-oiiKt \i shore. Beyi 22n(i. I, somewhat lo 2Sl'i. si 6\a;t in all direction* cJl^t. Thick over Straits but not as donso as yesterday. Cin soo much water but there are numerous ice fields moving oast and south-east. open January, 1885. from it it is been Is now Iwater none Itle for Iwhere Lrokon tt and latches 1st. Ico in Straits much broken and moving oast and southeast; thick fog bank resting at a distance of a few milos, where there is, I think, quite open water, more especially to eastward. No fog over land or near shore, except over patches of water, from which a thick rai«t rises. 4th. This morning compact ice to north and north east, a clear horizon ; water from this point to oast, north-east, away to horizon, and cast and south-east dense fog bank in distance in these directions. 6lh. Ice has closed down more to eastward but there is still open water to oast- ward and a donso fog bank. 8th. Ico has closed down to eastward and only a few patches of open water to bo seen ; fog on horizon ; to north and north-oast, ico compact, clea)- horizon. 12th. North of a lino drawn eastward, from lookout station ico is compact, a clear horizon and no water. To southward apparently open water but cannot soo far owing to fog. 14th. Ice compact between north and north-east, between north-oast nd ir\/t V- cast apparently open water ; dense fog bank to eastward. loth. Straits very much open to-day. To northward ico is loose, while .♦ soma I distance out tliero is a fog bank apparently over water. Between norLLx.as* .ad 'south-east there is little or no ice to bo seen. Itith. Ico for some miles out, but water all along tho horizon, water is nearer I land to eastward than to northward. 18th. Atmosphere is very thick, but should jadge that open water is no.iror shore [than yesterday; to oast«?ard it approaches almost the mouth of bay, but north-oast |tiud north there is still ico for some distance out. 2l8t. Straits completely packed; no water to bo soon; fog bank along horiz3n |from north to oast. 22nd. Ice closely ])ackcd. 23rd. Morning, ico moving otf shore, in afternoon strip of water about half a mile nde near hliore. 2r)th. A line of water along horizon, north to north oast, where a long patch of Irift ice sojviratos it froTi more open water, closer in shore ; oast anl south-oast it is i^oU open with lofso p ttcbos. lie -2* 20 28ih. A good deal of fog over Straits ; ice rough and broken with long lanes of ■water running cus-t ana9t. 18th. Straits completely blocked in all directions. 23rd. Afternoon a strip of water widening out along shore with south and south- west winds; to eastward ico becoming very loose, to northward can see no water but dark horizon. 25th. Large patches of water visible in all directions more especially to north and north-east; cannot see over five or six miles. Porpoises seen near shore. 27th. To north and north-east water for some miles out and fog beyond ; to east- ward where there was water near shore yesterday there is now young ice sufficiently thick to bear a man ; water on horizon. 28lh. Much water to-day, especially north and south-east ; ice much broken up and loose, water all along the horizon. 29th. From north to north-east, for say ton miles out, ice loose, with many long lanes of water, fog beyond; northeast to east-south-east water near shore, and beyond, a dense fog bank. 21 30th. A little more Ico to northward than yesterday ; very loose and broken to eastAvard, water sky all along horizon ; water along shore. 3l8t. Ico a little more compact; water near shore, and a good mary lanes and openings to eastward, fog along the horizon ; ico in bay four feet nine and a half inches. April, 1885. Ist. To north and north cast round shore and for some few miles oat, thin newly made ice, beyond thin a long band of drift ice with several long lakes in it ; water sky horizon ; ranch open water 1 1 ea>t>vard a-) far as can bo seen, but weather dwll and hazy. 3rd. Ice by ijo moans closely paclced ; raciny pond-^ and openings in all diroctions. Fog all along horizon. 4th. Water along shore increasing in width for many miles to eastward ; only ico which has formed during past week. A clear ice horizon, except po^bibly at one point to N. N. E. and another E. N. E,, where there may be water. 7th. Ice in all directions to-day ; around shore not very compact, many small openings in newly made ice ; fog along horizon. 12th. Thick and misty over Straits ; to north and nortli-east ice, apparently closo and compact. To eastward, at a distance of about five miles, water, but cannot sco how far it extends. Strip of water running up bay. 11th. A little more water near mouth of bay, but ice generally close and com- pact in all directions ; hazy on horizon, moro especinlly to ea-tward, 15th. A few small patches of water around shore, olhorwise ice compuct. nth. Ice compact in all directions. 2 1st. Morning. Except one or two small patches, close to f-horo, no water in any direction. Afternoon. Since last observation south-eaht wind has moved ico from shore. A band of water about a mile wide and still increasing all around shore. Ice, especially to eastward, loosening and many patches of water. 22nd. No water to be seen. 2Gth. Patch of water near mouth of bay, but ico in Straits generally compact ; no sign of water on horizon. 27th. Band of water around shore ; in afternoon ice looser. 29th. Band of water increase I much north and north-east; ico loo-er in a'l directions. Moy, 1885. 2nd. Adaik horizon ; fog north and east ; no water near shore. Afteri oov. A few patches of water near shore ; a dark horizon, but can see no water. 8th. Morning, no water. 4 p. m. Great visibility ; could see an immerse distance over Straits, but no water. To northward a dark, cloudy appearance, almost looked like land on other side, perhaps mirage, but more likely reflection from water ; f-ky overcast. 10th. Fog on horizon north and east; ice opening out from shore. 11th. Bank of fog along the horizon ; ice in bay five feet five inches ihick. 13th. Drifting heavily all day. 7 p. m. Band of water around fchoi e ; ice easing off fast ; largo rent in bay; ico cast and south. 14th. 7:30 a. m. Belt of water along tho shore and running to head of large bay; water on horizon to corth-east ; other directions can see no water*, but weather hazy; ico loose north east and east. 16th. Still a belt of wa'er around shore, but not as much as yebtcrJay ; ice closing in again. 18th. No water. 19th. Ice much looser for some miles out from shore, with patches of water hero and there; fee thick fdong the horizon. oo 2l8t. Ice seems very boso for some dUtance from whore ; many lanes and breaks east and south-east ; open water for some miles from shore. 22nd. Patches of open water at ra )ULh of bay ; ieo horixou. i:3rd. Broad belt of open water around in morning; closed upagiin in after- noon ; water sky horizon to north-east. 24th. Clear, ice horizon. 27th. No water to be seen. Hist. Narrow belt of water round ehore. June, 1885. Ist. Ice loose near shore, but a clear ice horiz>n. 3rd. Esquimaux report that from a hill some miles distant there is water to be seen to the north. 4th. Water round shoro ; water sky to northward 7:30 p.m. Ice loosening inall directions ; largo body of water to eastward increasing. To northward some miles off coast, water ; I think a largo amount, but wjather thick; cannot see far; p.m., weather iog,gy. Cth. 7th, Foggy. 8th. Water sky horizon between north and east-north east. 9(.h. Dirk hor/.^n to north-oast, ice opening out from shore. 10th. In evening dark fog bank on horiz jn to eastward. nth, 7:30 a.m. A parlicalarly clear horizon; south-east to north-east no sign of water, ice compact ; north-east to north, ice on horizon loose. A long lane of water about eight miles out running east and 'vest, patch of water at mouth of bay, otherwise none near shore 11:30 a.m., no change since last observation, very clear horizon 3:30 p.m. Still a clear horizon ; north-east to north, ice still loose bat no large patches of water, north-east to south-east ice compact. 12lh. No water in any direction. 13th. Patch of water at mouth of bay, incroasin;^ in size, otherwise no water in any direction. 14th. No water except patch tvt mouth of bay; 11:30 a.m. From appearance of sky there is loose or moving ice eastnorth-east and north-east, and water beyond horizon to north-east ; broad patch of water at mouth of bay and several small patches some distance from shore thick to northward, 3:30 p.m. Water horizon sky north and east, ice around shore much the same as last observation ; 7:30 p.m. closed up at mouth of bay and round shore, water sky hori/.on ; 11 p.m. very dark sky to east- south-east. 15th. Ice loose near shore; weather foggy. 18th. Fogallday 7:30 p.m. Open water north-east ani east as far out as can be seen through fog. To northward water around shore extending out for two or three miles ; 'oe to southeast of mouth of harbor loose and much broken up. 19th. Water and loose ice for some miles out from shore, beyond that there is ice; to northeast and east it is apparently looser than in the other directions. 20tb. Ice loose and broken up in all directions except east, Jtweeu east and north patches of water as far out as wo can see, fog along horizon. 2 .St. Ice generally not so loose as yesterday, but still by no moans compact. About eight miles out north north-east to eastnorth-east a long lane of water ; dark waiery horizon between north and east. 22nd. Scarcely any water but a water 6ky hori:-on at most points. 24th. To north and north-east ice around shore more loosely packed than for some days past, still a water sky horizon, 25ih. Ice slackening off shore, and in the evening a water sky horizon. 29th, 7:30 a.m. Narrow strip of water along shore, very hazy north to east north-east. Bast north-east to south-east, not so thick ; clear ice horizon ; no water in any direction 11:30 a.m. Dark hazy horizon east to north, but with exception of bay sko water visible, ice compact. 5:30 p.m., dark horizon all round to northward, very 23 roaks after- to be g in all » miles p; p.m., DO sign lane of of bay, ry clear I bat no L ater in irance of beyond patches lorth and led up at to east- In be seen jee miles ; [re is ice ; east and iompaot. ler; dark for some to east water in 1 >n of bay (ard, very faazy ; to eastward, ice may be a trifle looser otherwise no change. 7:30 p.m., dark eky east and north-east, all other directions hazy. 30th. This evening, at 7:30, mirage showed considerable boriy of water from north-east by north, to east north-east; judge this roughly ti be ah )ut thirty miles distant j water sky to north, and also to east. July 1885. Ist. Mirage appearance; line of water with ice boyood, northeast to otu', patch N. E. by N., cannot see ice beyond. 2nd, 3 p.m. Mirage N. N. E. to E. by N., not very distinct, bat shows moving ice, with water beyond ; from N.E. by E. to N.N.E. ice seems more open, and there is water around shore. 3rd, 7 p.ra Dark watery horizon all round, except north to north-oast. I think water on horizon. 4th, 12:45 p.m. Mirage shows open water N.N.B. i^E. to E., where it appears as a large body ot water not very far out. 6th. Ice slackening oflf shore in morning; in afternoon weather foggy. 7th, 12:45 p.m. iklirage now plainly visible on horizon, between N. and E. water and ice fields. 3.30 p.m., a few breaks visiWo at a considorablo distance from shore ; ice on horizon ; N.N.E. seems loose. 8th. Ice moved off shore a couple of miles, and seems loose boyond to N.N.E; can see mirage of opposite shore, but thick fog hangs below and prevents seeing anything of ice condition. 9th, 7:30 a.m. The belt of water around the shore has widened very consider- ably, and beyond more especially between N.N.E. and E. the ice seems much looser ; farther out there is thiuk fog Between E. and S. E. the ice do3s not look as loose ; bat owing to fog cannot seo far. 11.30 a.m., great change, the ice has moved off many miles, in fact to N.E can see no ice, and between N.E. and E. it is loose; fog prevents seeing far. East and S.E. there is ice, but even this seems loose. 7.30 p.m., ice closing in ; dense fog over Straits ; dui'ing lift in fog made out ice to northward to be loose, with numerous small openings for many miles out ; same tO| eastward ; fog along the horizon. 10th. Morning, inner edge of ice abiut two miles from shore; afternoon, ice closing inshore again ; fog on horizon about ten miles distant. llth. In afternoon no water to be seen in any direction ; mirage of open water and ice between N.N.E. and N.Fl 12tb. No water to be seen in any direction, ice loose around shore. 3.30 p.m., ice moved off shore a little with falling tide. 13th. Thick fog nearly all day. 14th, 3:30 p.m. Between north and east ioj has moved off shore six or seven miles ; east to south-east less water. A very dark line, with overhanging cloud bank along horizon, north and east to east ice looks compact. 7.30 p.m., ice closing in again with rising tide. Strips of water to east about eight miles off. Ice in the distance north north-east and north-east, looks loose, dark sky along the horizon, 15th. Water increasing around shore to east and east south-east. Ice loose and broken up for some six or seven miles out. To north and N.N.E can see three small patches of water about eight miles out ; horizon hazy ; afternoon and evening dense fog. 16th. Ice slack near shore; weather generally foggy. 17th, 11:30 a.m. Seven or eight miles of water and loose ice round the shore between east and north ; weather generally hazy and confused mirage. 18th. Dense fog over Straits, can see only a short distance, ice opening out at mouth of bay, open water round shore, dark fog bank north and oast. 11:30 a.m. still foggy, open all round shore and as far as can be seen ice looks loose east and south-east. 8 p.m., can only see some four miles from shore, as far as that it is quite open, some few pieces of floating ice to south-east. u 19th. Fiold of loo-!o ico strotchiopf to horizon north and N.N.E. ; water with a little loose ice N.N.E loE.SE; ice E.S.B. to S.E.but weather thick. 11:30 a.m., liHlo cbango since morning, field ice moving Boath-eae)t. 3:30 p.m., can see do chango, fog over Straits ; cannot see much over five miles. 20th. Bank of fog along coast about eight miles off shore, all open within that. 11.30 a.m.. can see edge of ice under fog bank N. to E.N.E. E. to S.E. a little loose scattered ice, bay opening out. Noon, fog lifted for a short time, ice shows to E.N.B., but only loose and scattered. N.E. rather more ice with water beyond, very much blurred with mirage ; fog to north. 21st, 7:30 a.m. Between north and N.E. eight or ten miles of water, beyond which is field of loose ice to horizon N.E. to S.E., many miles of winter and very loose ice fields, bejond which is a fog bank ; E. and S.E. confused mirage. In morning ico fceemel more compact to northward. 22nd, 7:30 a.m. Open water N. to N.E., about seven miles from shore, beyond, loose scattered ico as far as horizon. In other directions water inshore with loose ice beyond and fog hanging over it, 11:30 a.m , very little ice to north ; N.N.E. fog biinlc about ton mile; from shore with edge of loose ice showing underneath. Around bhore nothing but a few pieces of loose ice. 3:30 p.m., a line of loose ice with water beyond, N. to N.E about fourteen miles o(f. To N.E. all open ; E. to S.E. a line of ice along horizon. Altogether what we can see is very loose and abroad. Very little ico N. to N.E. N.E to S.E. line of loose ice, cannot see bej'ond ; mirage of opposite shore visible. 23td. Siiarcoly any ice at all for ten or fifteen miled, beyond that it is scattered and loose with mi-t hanging over it between east and north, 11:30 a,m,, little change, now no ice to northward, but raii-asjje of wate^ and ice, horizon hazy. 3:30 p.m., loose ice along horizon. Tremulous atmosphere and mirage make it impossible t(t see with any degree of certainty. 7:30 p.m., N. to N.N.E. a little loose ice on horizon. N.E. to E.S.E. can just .■^co lino of loo«eico; S.E. ice loose and scattered. 2t'h, 7:30 a.m. Except aome small loose scattered picc3S around shoals, no ico is to bo soon in any direction ; thick horizon. 11:30, no ciiango since last. 3:30, very thick, can only see a mile or so from shore ; no ice. 7:30 p.m., dense fog six miles off, quite clear as far as that. 2oth. Between N. and E. there is more loose ice than for pome days past moving east, inner eJgo of field ice from five to eight mile.s distant. Between east and S.E. Bcarcely any ico is to he seen, slight fog in di.stance, water to north and more ice to ^.E. E. lind S.E. still scarcely any. 7:'iO p.m., scarcely any change since p.m. No ite to speak of E. and S.E., fog in distance in other directions. •ZGth, 7:30 a.m. Can see a line of loose ico from N.E. to E.S.E., but too thick to see the extent. Can see nothing to north. 11:30, a good deal of loo.so ice about six or eight miles from shore, reaching from north to E.N.E ana extending as far as horizon to N E. by N. and E.N.E , open water beyond. All open to east. 5 p.m., a little ice to N.N.E. and N.E. Elsewhere all open, getting very io^i;y. 7:30 p.m., dense •> fog, can beo no distance. 27th, 7.30 a.m. Fog b.'ink some miles distant restingon Straits between eastand north, a small amount of scattered ice between it and shore. 11:30 a.m., for ten or fifteen miles much loose ico, boyond that a fog bank. To E.S.E. many miles of clear water, in other directions very little. 1:30 p.m., loose ice floe to horizon in all directions moving eastward, clear horizon. 7:30 p.m., loose ice in all diieotioas in bhore and off shore, very hazy on horizon. '.-Hth. A good deal of loose ice scattered over Straits, especially to north not much east, honzon hazy. 11:30 a.m., can fee Lothing of Stniitn, thick fog. 3:30 p.m., weather still thick. '^ ^ 29th, 7:30 a.m. Foggy over Sfniits between north and N, B. Cannot eee more than a mile from ehore, no ice N, E., iind E, Can see three or four milor^, loose ice as far as that; more ice E. and E. S. E., than in other directions. 10 a ra., occa- sionally during lifts in fog can see many miles, apparently not as much ico a^ for past few days. 3 p.m., and evening, dense fog over Straits. Isf. ( ind. ; appearanc 3rd. ] before. 4th. I 5th. S 6th. I 7th, f 25 30 t,h. Loose ice ecattered over if. traits especially to northward, where it poem^ more compact and reaches to horizon, fog bank along horizon N.E. to E. Noon, very little ice now to north and a good deal to E. N.E., but with open water beyond elsewhere it is loose and scattered, 3:30 p.m ; not much change since last. 7:30 p.m., from N. to N.E. a little loose ice, water beyond, N.E. to E. very little ice, and E. to S.E. a good deal scattered ice. Can see about ten or twelve miles. Slst, 7,30 a.m. Can see about fifteen miles, very little ice in any direction, horizon foggy ; weather became foggy shortly after 8 a.m., and continued so until evening. August, 18c 5, 1st. Can only see for six or scvon miles in any direction, within that very little ice to be seen. 11,30 a.m., a little loose scattered ice around coast with open water beyond ; hazy horizon. 3:30 p m., no charge since last 7:30 p.m., a little loose ice in all directions, moving off coast. 2nd. A small amount of scattered ice in all directions. 11 a.m. Ice which has been around inshore to S.B., moving out into Straits, scattered ice in all directions. 2 p.m. Fog bank some miles out 7 p,m. Fog bunk about four miles out. 3rd. Thick for over land and Straits 11. aO a.m. A little loose ice around shore, all open beyond, harbor full of ico 3:30 p.m., no change 7:30 p.m. Straits all open as far as we can fco in any direction, a little loose ice around shore and in Bay. 4th. Scattered ico near shore and in largo bay; none off shore N.lf. to E.S.E., fog some fifteen milo'i out, 11 a.m. ; thick fog, 3 p.m. ; and all evening slight fog near shore, dense further out. ' 5th, 7:30 a.m. Thick fog o^er Straits. Noon, a little ice near shore, all open beyond, bay jammed. 3:30 p.m., and evening, thick fog over Straits; 3:30 p.m., quite clear. A very little loose ice near shore none off shore. 7:30 p.m. no change. 7th. A little loose ice, scattered near shore and in bay, otherwise none to bo seen in Straits. In p.m. thick haze over water. bth, 7:30 a.m. Fog bank a few miles from shore. 11:30 a.m. Can see mirage of loose ice on horizon to N.N. E., and also to E.N.E., and E,, otherwise no ice to be seen, weather somewhat hazy. 3:30 p.m. Notice to be seen in any direction, hazy N.E., to E.N.E. 7:30 p.m. Dense fog bank about four miles out. 9th. No ice to be seen, hazy in p.m. 10th. Fog over Straits in early morning, no ice. 11th. do do do 12th. No ico, clear horizon. 13th. Weather thick, no ico. NOTTINGUAAI ISLAND, STATION No. o. Ics Record. September, 1884. Ist. Closely packed ice ex'on ling across the Straits. i:nd. Ice moving with the tide, largo field near Capo Diggc, not iriuch change in appearance from yesterday. 3rd. Bay to the south-we.->t clear of ice, straits remaining in same condition as before. 4th. Heavy loose field ico in Straits. .5th. Straits comparatively clear. 6th. Large field of ico off Salisbury [hlfind, el.«c\vhei e Straits cUar. 7th. Foggy. 26 8lh. Large field of ice near Salisbury Island extending over towards the south coast, another field is moving into the Straits from the Bay. 9th, 10th. Heavy loose ice in Straits. lUh. Ice much scattered but extends to the east as far as tb.e eye can roach. I2tb. Ice same as yesterday, 13th. Heavy loose ice in straits moving west. 14th. Straits clear of ice to the east, but to south-west of island it is closely packed. 15th, 16th. Ice moving east, pack is loose but extends in every direction. 17th. Ice has been driven south and is moving east closely packed, Straits com- paratively clear. 18th. Straits clear save for some scattered pans. 19th, 20th. Straits nearly clear cf ice but weather thick from time to time. 2 1st, 2 Jnd, 23rd. Straits clear for navigation but scattered ice seems to come from the west and drift towards the south coast. 2Ath. Some large ice-bergs visible to the east of the island. 25th. Heavy ice densely packed to the south-east. 26 th. Ice has moved east and is much scattered. 27th* Scattered ice to the eastward, large pan ice coming in from the westward and moving east. 29th. Harbor covered with tight sheet of ice. Straits to the east^vard compara- tively clear in a.m.; in p.m. a good deal of ice. 30th. Heavy pack of ice to south-west seems to be coming from west and is much heavier than usual. October, 1884. Ifit. Clear water in middle ol Straits, heavy pack along the shore. 2nd. Straits full of ice as far as can be seen, no open water visible. 3rd. Ice loose body of pack has moved east. 4th. Fog bank to the south in a.m.; in p.m. cleared and showed heavy field of ice lying north and south to the east of the island, clear water to south-west. 5th. Snow storm ; ice packed on the shores. 6th. Fog and snow. 7'h. Snow in a.m.; in the afternoon loose drift ice all over the straits. ^ • n. Straits clear to south, heavy ice to west and north-west. yih. Snowstorm. 10th. Straits clear (first observation since landing that ice has not been in sight eomewhere). 11th. Ice near south coast of island moving from the west. 12th. Scattered ice moving eastward. 13th. Ice very compact to the eastward. I4th. Ice extends to the south and is very compact, clear water shows to the southeast. 15th. Snowstorm. 16th.Straita to the south of us clear of ico, but large fields still to the south of Salisbury Island. nth. Fog. 18th. Snowstorm. 19th. Straits this a.m. have a wintry appearance, the field of ice seems to extend nearly over to Wolstenholme, a narrow streak of open water only, showing some distance off shore. Straits east of here are also packed as far as can be seen with the telescope. 20th. Ice in straits same as yesterday. 2l8t. Ice remains heavy to the southwest, bat that to the eastward is moving eaet. 22nd. Much of the ice to the south-west has gone and there is now but little ice opposite the station, the ice still remains off Salisbury Island. packed. t8 com- le. oomo reBtward lompara- is muoh eld of ice in Bight rs to the Bouth ot to extend ing Bome seen with moving little ice 23rd. Largo icebergs coming in from the westward and any amount of heavy field ice in every direction. 24tb. Heavy ice closely packo 1 in the Straits. 25th. Heavy ico moves east anl young ice forms in the Straits. 26th. Straits opposite are froz)n as far as can be seen. 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th. Ice solid and immovable extending in every diroclion. 3l8t. Ice east of here moving to north-east, ice to south romaing stiitionary. November, 1884. Ist. The south side of the Straits soomH,linei with field ico from Cap^) Digges east- ward. Some largo icebergs in the middle of the Straits, but clear water to the east- ward. 2nd. Snowing all day. 3rd. Heavy field ice up to within five mUos of south point of this island, to the eastward one solid and continuous pack. 4th, 5th, 6th, tth. Ice closely packed everywhere. 8th. Muoh of the ice seems to have moved eastward, open water shows some distance off shore. 9th. Straits clear of ice to south and east but the field ico o'f Salisbury Island is now moving west again . 10th. Heavy field ice is swinging with the tide. 11th. Ice has set fast — no water visible. 12th. Ice to the east very compact but to the south only a few large bergs are visible. 13th. Snowing. 14th. Small strip of open water close to shore, elsewhere ice is fast and close. 15th. Ice to the east solid and immovable, but a strip of open water five miles in width is along the shore. 16th. Mist on straits. 17th. Ice closely packed everywhere. 18th, 19th, 20th, 2 Ist, 22nd, 23rd. Ice tight, except for a few hours on the 20th, when a little open water showed up along shore. 24th, 25th. Snowing. 26th. Hazy over Straits. 27th, 28th. Ice tightly packed. 29th. Ice has moved to the northeast, Straits comparatively clear. 30th. Ico working its way west again. December, 188 L 1st. Heavy ice but loose with patches of water showing. 2nd, 3rd, 4th. Ice closely packed in every direction. 5th. Loose ice to the south-west closely packed to the eastwird. 6th. Large strip of clear water some distance off shore, elsewhere ice tight bat moves with the tide. 7th. Heavy ice in every direction with spots of open water. 8th. Heavy ice, no open water. 9th. Ice has moved southeast, some open water showi off the coast. 10th. Snowing. llth. Straits completely blocked. 12th to 3 Ist. Straits completely blocked. January, 1885. Ist, 2Qd, 3rd, 4th. Ice solid in every direction. 5th. Snowstorm. 28 6th, 7tb, 8tb, 9lh, 10th, llth. Ilonvy ico every where. 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th. Snowstorm und drift ho that atraits cannot be seen. 16th. Ico in every direction. 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 2l8t. Ico in every direction unmoved. 2ind. Tho ico field to tho eastward has moved east leavinj? a space of open water running north and south lor somo distance, but tho Straits to tho eoutii are com- pletely blocked. 23rd, 24lh. Ice close in ovory direction. 25th. Mist somo distance o(f shore. 26th. Snowstorm and drift. 27th. Drifting snow. 28th. Ico packed closely in ovory diroction. 29thj 30th, 3l8t. Strails complotoly blocked. Ftbruanj, 1885. Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 4lh. Ice packed soliJly in every direction. 5th, 6th, 7th. Snowstorm and drift. • « 8th, 9Lh, 10th, llth. Straits blocked with heavy ico. 12th. Snow drifting. 13th. Straits blocked as before. 14th. Snow drifting. Straits blocked continuously from tho 15th to tho 28l1i of tho month. jUarch, 1885. Ist, 2ud, 3rd. Ico folid in every direction. 4th, 5th. Snowstorm and drift. 6th. The Straits to the '^.istward is clear of tho heavy ico and is now covered with a smooth f'hcet of young ico. 7th, 8th, 9th. Young ico remains to the east, south and west, heavy ico is packed as before. 10th. Heavy ico again moving up from tho eastward, and that to tho southward is moving off, tho sheet of smooth young ico taking its place. llth. The heavy ico from the eastward is now within a quarter of a mile of the shore, and seems to bo working towards the southwest. 12th. Ice in much the same position as yesterday. 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th. Straits completely covered with hoavv ico. 17th. Snowdrift. ^ 18th. A belt of open water to thenorth east, heavy ico still solid to tho south. 19th. Snow drifting. 20th. Ico to the eastward swings off and back with tho lido. 21st. A small belt of open water about two miles off tho coast to tho east, else- where tho ice is closely packed. 22nd. Masses of vapor rise from the belt of open water which renders it impos- sible to seo any groat distance to the eastward, bat there is no change in the ice to the Eouth. 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26ih, 27th. Heavy ico closely packed in every direction. Jpril, 1885. Ist. Clear water showj to tho east and northeast, but ico is closelv nac'jod to the south. •' * 2nd. Ico from tho sonth has moved ea.st, clear water show^ to southwest. 3rd, 4th. Snow drifting. 6th. Ico seems looFoand a good deal broken up. tith. loo to tho houth is loose, but east of this Boems very compact. 7 8 rotun 9 (be St I 1 V. U n u which 17 18 19 21, 22i 23i 251 !J7t 29t 30t 7ih. Clear water to tho eastwarJ, heavy close ice to south and S.W. of station. 8th. Clear water romuinod all day to tho eant, but at night tho ice Hoem^ to bo returning ; ice very compact in S.W. 9th. Or.ly a small strir of open water now bhowu to tho caut of this, oleiowhore ■ the Straits are cloHoly packed. 10th. No open water visible. lUh. Snow falling and drifting. 12th, 13lh. Straits in ovory direction closely packed with heavy ico. 14th. Snow fulling and drifting. 15th. Ico to Houth very compact, small amount of open water to N.E. 16th. Ico to south and west very compact, more open water shows to oast, ia which direction tho ico seems to bo moving. nth. Ico sarao as yesterday. 18th. Snow drifting; cannot see any distance. 19th, 20th. Heavy clocely packed ico in ovory direction. 2l8t. Patches of open water show up through tho pack to-day. 22nd. Ico oast of hero swings out and back with tho tide. 23rd, 24th, Heavy ico in every direction. 26th, 26th. Ice is moving eastward; tho middlo of tho Strait seems clear of ico. ^ 27th, 28th. Snow drifting. 29th. Strait completely covered with ico. , 30th. Snow drifting. Nay, 1885. Ist. Snow drifting. 2nd. Heavy ico, closely packed, with ico in every direction. 3rd, 4th, 6th, Glh, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th. Heavy ico in every direction. 11th. Snow drifting, unable to seo tho Straits. 12th. Ice moving south ; largo sheet of open water east of this station. 13th. Open water to tho east of this station, but tho ice seems heavy and closely packed to tho south. 14th. Same as IHth. 15th. Ice seems loose and a good deal broken up. 16th. East and south-oast ice is closely packed, but some patches of open water fchow to tho south. 17th, Ico close everywhere. 18th. Open water to tho eubt, near tho Island, and very littlo ice showing to tho southward. 19th. Ico swings with the tide again. 20th. Ico to tho south east closely packed ; open water between hero and Salis- bury Island. 2l8t. Ico has moved up to-day against the wind ; clear water to tho west of the station. 22nd, Tho clear water now extends about 10 miles to the cast of the station, but tho ico at that distance seems sot solid, and the Strait completely blocked. 23rd. Strait covered in every direction with loose ice. 24th, Strait densely packed to south and east. 25th. 26th, 27th, Straits covered with closely packed ice. 28th. Open water for a short distance south ; ice close to the cast of this station. 29th, 30th. Straits completely blocked. 3 Ist. Three or four small patches of open water near the station, elsewhere the ice is closely packed. June, 1865. 1st, 2nd. Ice closely packed. 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, lOih, Ice closely packed. 30 lllh. Ic'' 'H moving cabt in a body; Slrnit« open tOHOuth, but oast of horo tho ico is cloHcly pui kfd. 12th, i:^il>. .StinilH open to ►oulh, heavy ico to tho onstwanl. 14th. Ico hiw ngain como woHt, but there in Htill a smull bolt of open watorto tho south' 15th. Heavy ico in every direction, but ^omo narrow bolts of open wator Bhow up in idaccs, . Itlth. Ojien water Hhows to both south and euHt, but heavy ico in atul visiblo to tho caHt boyoini tho open wator. nth. lloavy and cloHoly packed ico to tho south. 18th. Open wator in a narrow bolt to S. W. ; olsewhero Straits full. I'Jth. SiraiiH lull of heavy ice, with bmall patches of open wator bhowing hero and there. •. 20th. No open water showirii,'. 21st. ruiclioH of open wator in south and S. W., ico solid to tho oast. 22nd. lc<' irioving to eastward, open wator shows to south and west in long bolts of varying wiilth. 23rd. The ico between hero and Salisbury Island is moving wes , it scorns to extend to tho mainland on tho south side; and is closely packed. 24th. Largo sheets of opon wator showing to south-west. 25th. S. W. of station clear wator, no movement of tho ico to eastward. 26th, 27th. Straits packed with ico, apparently all tho way across. 28th, 29th. S. W. of station clear ofico, but much still remains to tho oast. 30th. Clear water to south and west, ico still extends to south of Salisbury Island. July, 1885. Ist, 2nd. Straits to east of her© are clear of ico, but ico now shows to S. W. and south. 3rd. Ice is moving down frcm Salisbury Island, and tho field to the S. W. is moving up to eastward. 4th. Loose ico covers the whole Straits as far as can bo seen to south and west, but open wator shows beyond tho ico to tho eastward. 5th. Ice is loose and drifting to the eastward, clear water to S. W. Cth. Misty weather. 7th. The wind having shifted to N. E., ico from Salisbury Isla ' 's moving this way, it is however small and open. 8th, 9th. Straits covered with ice, fomcwhat scattered on the 8tb, closing upon the afternoon of the 9th. 10th. Straits covered with tight fields of ice. 11th. S. W. wind seems to bo driving tho ico towards Salisbury Island, leaving open water to south ; in tho S. W. loose ice covers the Straits. 12th, 13th, I4th, 15th, IGth, 17th. Ice in largo fields of varying compactness swings with tho tide and wind on and oflf the shore, occasionally leaving some large bolts of open water along tho coai^t, and other clear spaces which apparently lie in an east and west direction, are sometimes observed to the south. 18th, 19th, 20th, 2lHt, 22nd. Ico is visible in every direction, but is loose and swings with tho tide and wind. 23rd. Foggy weather. 24th, 25th, :^Gth. Loose ice in all directions. 27tb, 28th. Ice is closely packed to the eastward and south. 29th. Foggy weather. 30th. Straits to the eastward completely covered with heavy closely packed ice. aist. Foggy weather. August, 1885. 1st, 2nd. Compact and heavy ice to the eastward. ' 4th. 5th. plotoly cle fith. extend to 7th. completely 8th, 91 Island. lllh, 13th. day the " J 1st. occasionally 2nd, Sri 6th. 7th. 8th, 9tfa 19th. 20th. 21st. 1 22nd. ; 23rd. { 24th. ] 25th, 26 the Straits. have been pc Ist, 2nd. 3rd. Bj 4th. Lc 5th. N( 6th, 7th, lOtb, 111 14th. A the Itfland. 15th, 16t 29th, 30th. ; No ontrii this month, tl 3:d. Dense fcg. 11 4th, Heavy ico in still visible to the cnstward. 5th. Ico haH all inovod cnHt to^TardH SaliHbury Inland ; Straitn to Houth-weat oom« plotoly clear, and clear water extendi' Norno miloH to the euHt of tliirt htuiion. rd. No open water visible. 4lh. loo on Bay side drifts ofi' and on, (loe has broken into two pieces. In the Straits tho ico moves half a mile otl" ami then back again. 5lh, ()th. Ice is now much broken both in Bay and Strait?, very narrow channel of opon water on Straits shore. 7th. V^ory lillle water in tho Straits. 8th. No open water in tho Straits, in tho Bay the ice drifted out of sight and then back again to within a mile of tho shore. !'th, lOih. No open water exoopt narrow b.^lt near Island on Straits' side. llth. t'hannel on Straits side a mile wide. 12th. No regular channel open anywhere, but tho ico is much broken up, and largo pools (>t water sluw all through. l.'Uh, lull. Very little open water anywhere. 15th. Narrow channel in Sir'iils IVoin 5 p.m. to S p.m. Itith, No open wator seen ip the Straits, nth, 18th, UUh, 20ih, 21st, 22 kI, 23ra, L'Kn. No open water in Straits. 2r)th. A narrow streak of open water along the Straits shore. 2t;th. Ico in bay out of sight in a.m. camo 'b;iok withn 7 or 8 miles in p m. In straits, dotachod ioo tields as far as can be seen. 27lh, 2Sth, 2lUh, oOth, ol>t. Xo water visible in the Strait?. June, 1885. 1st. In the straits the ico seems to be much broken up, larije patches of open r showing all over. . r r the water 88 ler ICO daway (t. b. of open raite, ico p.m., the raed. md. . In tbo - channel sight aud side. n lip, aiid m. Ill 33 of open 2nd. Ice all broken into loose drift ice, about a quarter of the visible surface of the Straits is open water. 3rd. Foggy. 4th. No open water visible in the Straits. 5th. Ice tight still. 6th. Ice in Buy and Straits is now much broken and open, the waters seem quite navigable. Yth. About half the waters of the straits clear of ice. 9th. A channel 5 or 6 miles wide, free of ice, beyond that 3 or 4 'arge icebergs and broken ice. 10th. In the morning about one-fifth of the visible portion of the Straits is covered with drift ice; in p.m. none visible except one small iceberg. 11th. In a.m. no ice visible in the Straits, but by evening about two-thirds of the visible area was covered with ice. 12th. Ice has closed in, leaving only a channel of a couple of miles in width close to the t»hores of the Island. 13th, I4th. Only a comparatively narrow channel of open water near tho Island to-day. 15th, 16th, nth, 18th, 19th, 20th, 2l8t. No open water. 22nd. A narrow channel off the Island all day, which at night widened to about two miles. 23rd. Ice broken and loose for 4 or 5 miles, beyond that is tight. 24th. Streaks and patches of water showing all over. 25th, 26th. Ice compact, no water visible from here. From a point about 4 miles east on the top of a high bluff opon water was visible east of Cape Wolstenholme. 27lh, 28th. No open water visible. 29th, HOth. No open water visible. July, 1885. Ist. On the Bay side the ice is packed close, but in the Straits there is a narrow ohannel of open water about three miles in width. 2nd. Still the same channel, but now only 2 miles wide, all beyond the ioe is closely packed. 3rd, 4th, 6th. Same as 2nd, except that the channel of open water varies from IJ miles to J mile. 6th. Is o open water visible. Ith. Climbed the highest spot on the Island, estimated 2,000 feet, no water visible in the bay except two or three small pools. In the Straits there is apparently a nar- row channel off Nottingham Island, and a few pools in the centre of the Straits. 8th. No alteration, ice tight everywhere. 9th, lOlh, 1 1th. Ice still remains solid. 12tli. From the Island for five or six miles the ice is broken and drifting, beyond that the pack is close. 13tb. Foggy. 14th. No open water in the Straits. 15Lh, 16Lh. Some long narrow strips of open water visible in the Straits. 17th, 18th, 19th, ?0th. Very little ice visible in either Bay or Straits to-day, and what Ih seen iis small drifting ice. 2l8t, 2;ind. 23r(i, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th. Straits clear, a little ioe ^till visible off Nottint^ham Island. 21)ih, 30th, 3"l6t. Foggy. August, 1886. Ist. Foggy. 2nd. Nf/ ico in sight. 3rd. A good deal of broken ioe drifted to the shores, fog very thick. llc-3 4th. Weather thick, could not see any distance. 6th. Ice close in Straits in a.m., but in p.m. ice was broken and scattered. 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th. No ice in Straits. llth. Foggy. 12th, 13th. A little drift ice, loose and scattered. 14th, 16th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th. No ice in sight. 20th. A little heavy ice in both Bay and Strhits. 2l8t. A little ice in tho Straits. 22nd, 23rd, 24th. No ice. 26th. Station relieved. ICK ME/ WITH ON THK VoTAQK OF THB " ALEBT." In the foregoing pages the accounts given by tha observers at the several stations of the formation and movements of the ice have been given. In the narrative portion of the report the ice met with by the " Alert " has also been recorded, but as it has not been described in detail I will here make some further remarks concerning it. Our observations show that during the first half of the month of June, a belt of ice, varying in width from 30 to 50 miles, extende'^ the whole length of the Labrador coast, from Cape Chudleigh to Belle Isle. Off ine entrance of Hudson's Straits at this time the field c xtended from 35 to 100 miles to the eastward of Eesolution Island, and on the 16th of Jane when I endeavoured to enter the Straits the ship was beset in heavy ice about ten miles to the S.W. of Cape Best. This ice was very heavy and some of it in large sheets, but at the turn of the tide the pack generally slacked off a little when the ship was worked on under steam or sail as opportunity offered; this state of affairs continued until the 6th of July, when, owing to the damage done to the ship, we had to return to St. Johns. Except on one occasion no large amount of open water was seen from our masthead, the ice always seeming to be tight to the westward of the ship. I measured the thickness of many of the pans some were 22 feet, but the common kind was floe ice about 10 toet in thickness. On the 4ih of August when wo got back from St. Johns there was still a great deal of ice in the Straits and some of the pans were of great size many of them being over half a mile in length. There was at this time undoubtedly a run of clear water to the westwnrd, had 1 taken a more southerly course ; but, in the " Neptune," we had found, in 1884, that the ice all lay ever on the south shore and this made me decide to try the north bhore again this year. The Hudson Buy officers who navigate the Straits state that the movements of the ice are both irregular and uncertain, that sometimes they find Xht north shore clear first, and the following voyage the position of affairs may be completely reversed. I consider that the ice met with in August this year was such that had I been simply endeavoring to force my way through the Straits I could have been clear with less than five days' detention, even taking the route which I did, and had I taken a more southerly course I should most likely have got through with a couple of days' delay. No ice, other than a few bergs, was met with after leaving Stupart's Bay, on 22nd August. In the " Alert" the height of the topmast head from the water line was 90 feet, which gives a horizon of almost eleven miles. Notes on the Ice Movements in Hudson Bat and Straits, 1768 1769. I am indebted for the following notes to the Rev. Abbd Verreau, taken from the manuscript journal, kept by Capt. Wm. Fal'^oner, who was a sloop master in the Hudson Bay Company's service in the years i768-(j9. Capt. Falconer states: "In the month of July, when the above Hudson Bay Company's ships commonly tret their passage through the Strait outward bound, it is almost blocked with ice, some of which is aground in 100 fathoms of water and this with the large quantities of floatii the lattc The fathoms myself si some of remain f was onlj August, he stales the early Capl Nelson H to come 1 The practical the feusik by Capt, Island in frozen; 1! 22nd of J I fine for two ra 8, 7.08 a.m., 11.08 a.m. and p.m., standard time of 76° W. lorg., this Ptation is in lat. 60°. 22' N and long. 64° 46' N. The height of the barometer above main sea level was 30 feel. The therraoraetors were exposed in the regulation meteorological service shelter, which coosibts of an outer shed or case, having Louvre sides and door and a double roof, with an air space open at th» sides, 'i'hc bottom of the outer shed is of large mesh (2 in.) wire net, and the back of close half inch board. The inner screen is louvred on all sides with tbin slats of sheet iron. The whole shelter is attached to the north side of a double close board fence, having a free air space of 4 inches between tho two sides of the fence and th* 40 shed is hold hy iron atrapn, 3 inchos clear of the north side of tho fence. The ther- niomoters are hun-,' on ligdt niDtiil HtrAps as nearly as possible in thj centre of tho inner screen. The Hito of tho thormomcter shed at this station was about 40 feet east of tho house and abouttho same distunco from the edge of the cliff; to the S.W. of it was a eraall hill 26 feet high, flnd about Hixty feet off. The height above sea lovel was 27 foot, the hill totho 8. W. rth-we8t es across oaat, bat iheltered obser- at this red from louse. gingham e outer ter was In all a of the le of the Is. The 38 south Wales. Irough a ^e doors cpodure itatioes, and as the thermometers were read without opening the window and wore cons- tantly screened from direct radiation by the doors of the inner screen, I do not think that the mean temperatures are likely to bo affected to any appreciable extent. Table IX gives the mean temperature, and other results, at York Factory, for the period 1876 to 1883 inclusive. The results for this year have not yet been received. Table X shows a comparison in duration of snow in Hudson's Straits and the Strbits of Belle Isle. This is an element which will be found to vary greatly from year to year, but its bearing on navigation is direct, for in the fall snowstorms, navigation in Hudson Straits will always bo dnagerous ; as it is ttlrocst impossible to keep a look out. The snow, when the temperature begins to full, is not in the ordinary flakes, but drives before tho wind iu minute particles of ice, which the eye does not perceive in time to protect itself. The observations of snowfall in the Straits during the months of July, August and September, of 1885, show that none fell in July ; and only a passing storm, lasting four hours, visited one station on the north shore in August. In September there was some snow, most of which fell in the last few days of the month, so that, generally speaking, we may state that snow would not have boon any obstruction to navigation in these months. In October, of 1884, a great deal fell, amounting in duration, on the average of the five stations in the Straits, to 109 hours. Whether October, 1884, was exceptional in this particular or not, it is impossible to say. Capt. Falconer, in his diary, 1768-69, states " that gales of wind averaged, in September, about two per week, but were not so numerous in October." In September, 1884, when homeward bound in the " Neptisne," we bai, generally ■peaking, fair weather all through, and the returns from the stations show that mere were more gales in October, 1884, than in September. It seems, however, to be the general impression amongst those who have traded and finbed to the Northern Labrador, as well as amongst the whalers, that October is, in those latitudes, u finer month than September, so that October, of 1884, may provo to have been quite exceptional. Table XI shows a comparison between Hudson's Straits and the Straits of Bf/lle Isle in regard to the duration of fogs. In the matter of fogs, the Hudson's Straits route undoubtedly compares favoi*. ably with the Straits of Belle Isle. If we compare the mean of the six Straits stations, excluding Churchill, with the station at Belle Isle Lighthouse, we find that in Soptombor and October, 1884, and June, July and August, 1886, the relative duration of fogs in Hudson Straits, af compared with the Belle Isle Station, was in 1864, September, 40 per cent. 10 do 26 do 46 do 74 do table between Hudson's Straits and the Straits of on which tho velocity of tho wind exoaeied forty do October, 1885, June, do July, do August, Table XIT is a comparison Belle Isle, of tho number of days miles an hour. Tables XlII to XVEI show number of winds reportof^ from each of the sixteen points at the stations, ami ths average) volo.'ity for each direction. Table XVIIl shows moa i tenaperaturo at Frolorckshaab, IS56-60. Accompanying the report are maps sho^vinij the moaa isotherms for the months Soptembar, IrfSt, tj Aa:hown by the reports of Mr. Ashe, who says the harbor ice decreased in thickness from 3 feet 3^ inches, on 2nd Julv, to 1 Foot 9| incheH, on the 8th. All stations report movements of the ice fields, showing distinutly that whether visible or not from the stations there was a considerable extent of open water in, the Straits. August, the temperature is almost precisely the same as in July. September, in this month, the mean temperature of the Straits is about 32* i hut though the ice would form on the fresh water lakes, none would be made on the salt water, and as far as ice is concerned, this is the cleanest month for navigation in the whole year. In October, the mean temperature of the western end of the Straits has fallen to 17°. Young ice makes rapidly, especially towards the end of this month, when I "would consider it a great risk to put a ship into a pack of old ice, and the western 'ttod of the Straits will always be liable to incursions of old ice from Fox Channel. In November, the iioean temperature of the Strait, west ol Stupart's Bay, has jUlen to 5^, which, 1 consider, practically closes the navigation. It will perhaps be .better understood what an average temperature of 6^ means, in regard to matters pertaining to navigation, when I point out that this is the mean temperature of the month "f January along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from the Saguenay to the Straits of Belle Isle. In Peoember, the mean temperature rat ged from — 16° in the western^ end of the Straus, to — 6° at Cape Chudleigh. NOTES BY OBSERVERS. Bblle Isle, 1884-85. November, 1884, 15th. SS. "Iceland," last vessel seen in Strait. (Ice closing Strait not given.)i March, 1886. 28th. Fii St snow buntings seen. May, 1885. 9th. Straits covered with field ice; no clear water in any direction. 16th. Straits begin to clear. 23rd. Ice formed on pools 2 inches thick. 43 June, 1885. 18th. Good deal of ice Btill in Straits. 17th. First thander. 19th. Firat Bteamer passed in. SOth, 100 vessels passed north. Port Bobwill, Station No. 1. Augwt, 1884. 10th. A heavy sea in the Straits. 12th. Grass grows very scantily, only a few spears (hewing np throngh the moB8>. The moss erows wherever there m any soil ; it grows to a height of abont 7 inches. ▲ few crannerry vines here and there. 16th. Hills to the east covered with enow. A nninber of whales and sharks in the harbor. 17th. Heavy sea in the Straits. 29th. Harbor covered with ice this morning. SOth. Nombers of sea-birds abont to-day. September, 1884. let. Numerous whales feed in the Harbor. 6th. Nombers of gulls and cea^lnoks in the Harbor. 9th. First snow at station. 16th. Ship seen in the Straits bound east. 18th. Numbers of mers have been here till now, but they seem all to have gonih WWth. 24th. Large numbers of ptarmigan. 27th. " Neptune " arrived, homeward bound. ^j 29th. " Neptune " left for Nachviik. October, 1884. 22nd. Almost impossible to measure snow ; some places it is 6 or 6 feet deep, and. in others perfectly bare. 28rd. A number of white foxes seen* November, 1884. 2nd. Some of the enow drifts are 20 feet deep. 6th. No seagulls or ducks here now ; the ducks asEembled in large flocks before leaving. 9th. Much of our scow is blown into the eca ; eo we liaveless here on the ground than in the interior. 24th, 25th. Tremendous gale; cups blown off anemometer; at 6:15 p.m., 24th it WUB registering 84 miles per hour. November, 1884. 26th. A number of ravens here. Lunar halo at 6:30[^p.m 'December, 1884.^ 6th. Solar halo. 9th. Brilliant meteor at 7:08^p.m. 10th, nth. Solar halos. 44 :!!i.U. Lanar halo from 6 to 7:30 p.m. 28th. LuDur halo at 6:30 p.m. 29th. Solar halo at 11:45 a. m. January, 1885. 3rd. Lunar halo 10:30 to 11:30 p.m. 10th. Solar halo and parhelia 1:30 p.m. 25th. Parhelia at 9 a.m. 27th. Large maHses of vapor rino from the oraoks in the ice field. February, 1885. 6th. Solar halo 3:30 p.m. Brilliant meteor at 10 p.m. 6th. Solar halo 3 p.m. , , 18th. Double solar halo and parhelia. 20th. Solar halo and parhelia. 24th. The ptarmigan begin to oome back. Mareh, 1885. The tops of the hills have remained clear of snow all wioter, bat the ravines ar« ftiU of snow. April, 1885. 5th. Solar halo 10:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. 6tb. rhawing in the sun to-day for the first time. 8th. Thawing in the sun. 16th. Some small grey birds have oome. 17th. Eskimo tell us that the dcjr are oomlng north. They have seen herdt d twenty or thirty at a time. 29th. Ptarmigan are very numerous now. May, 1885. 6th. The snow has been melting very rapidly the last two or three days, manj of the slopes are bare. | 10th. The BQOw goes vary rapidly, the water running in stream? down the hlll- flides. 20th. Some hawks have been seen lately, and several kinds of small birds. 22nd. A few wild geese have been seen here. 24th. Several caterpillars seen to-day crawling over the snow. 26th. Solar halo. 30th. S3lar halo and parholia. Inseota are now putting in an appearaaoe^ dpiders and flies coming together. 3l8t. Snow disappearing rapidly, large streams of water now ran in the valleys. June, 1.^86. Ist. The grass on the hill sides begins to sproat and the moss is tinged with green. 3rd. Small purple flowers show up here and there through the moss, the grass does not make much headway. 4th. Ptarmigan are pairing. 9th. Loons flying north. 27th. Seals very numerous now. Bainbow 8 to 8:15. 4S Jufy, 1885. Ist. Bright yellow floworB are now in bloom. 6tb. MoeiquitoB very nnmoroun. 6th. ButtorflioH seen. '7th. A nambor of different flowers are in fall bloom. 20th. The grass soems to have attained its full growth, but is very short. 22nd. Solar halos. £6th. Sea gulls and duoks have their young. 2'7th. Various kinds of ducks ore now numerous, there are ako largo flocks of birds which look lil-.e plover. No codfish in the harbor yet. August, 1886: 13th. Two large whales in the harbor to-day. 16th. Meteor at 8:66 p.m. Itth. Codfish are now numerous in the harbor. Slst. Parhelia from 6:45 to 6 p.m. 23rd. A small sailing vessel seen in the^ Straits to-day. 26th. C!odfish are in great abundance. September, 1886. . 10th. The mountains are now covered with snow. 29th. Station relieved. SKTimsB's Oovi, Station No. 2. October, 1884. 8th. Lunar halo. 11th. Visited by Eskimo. Some seals shot to-day. 16th. A whale in the Bay to-day. S9th. Black ducks numerous in the Cove. 9th. Shot a seal to-day. November, 1884. December, 1884. 8rd. Visited by Eskimo to-day. 4th. White foxes come to too J^or of the station. 9th. Lunar corona. January, 1886. 6th. Took the temperature to-day in an Eskimo snow house at the level of the beds ; found it to be 28°. Temperature of the air outside — 23*4®. f iST' .^ 12th. F kimo houses nearly blown away by the gale, though they were plugging them all nig t. Febmary, 1886. 23rd. Shot t\V0 ptarmigan. 27th. Five starving natives arrived. 46 March, 1885. 3rd. Foar starving Eskimo at station for the night. 10th. More sick and starving Eskimo. 20th. Saw a raven to-d&y for the firat time this year. ilpn7,1886. 4th. Snow thawed a little to-day, in the san ; deer traoka freshly made aeoD Twithin two miles cf the station. 6th. A fly seen to-day. 10th. First rain, snow thaws rapi'^Iy, ground in low places mnddy. 18th. First small bird seen. 22nd. Lunar corona and halo ; shot a seal. 28th. Solar halo. A deer passed across oar valby to-day. 30th. Foart«en deer seen to-day. Ma^, 1885. 3rd. Saw four deer today. 5th. Snow thaws very rapidly. Tth. Snow slides down the mountains with loud noise. 9tb. Got fresh trout from Lane the interpreter. w 10th. Six deer shot in the Bay. 16th. The Hudson Bay Ofllcer returned from Mission post to-day ; he tells me that they have onions, lettuce and radishes well gi'own already in a hot-bed sur- rounded by snow and covered at night. 18th. Eskimo have all gone south to the open water. 20tb. A great many flies outside today. 23rd. Partial solar halo. 27th. Blowing a hurricane to-day. W ^ 30th. Estubliehed " Bench Mark" to-day at twelve feet above mean ice level I T?he mark is on a rock at the south-west point of the cove. 1885. 3 1st. Partial halo visible after sunset. June, 1885. 3r(l. Eocks are continually running down the larger ones, getting out on the ice. 17th. Grass now growing ; willows badde i on Ist June at the Hudson Bay peat twenty miles west. 23rd. Trout are now oaugbL with nets at the head of the Bay. fiettuco, cabbage and turnips arc up in the garden at the post. Various flowers in bloom. Blew a hurricane last night; small stonos and gravel blown against the 2 2 3 20th, li " Last 4 7 8i II H 2( 2! tals. 3r I 17 22 26 8t 24th. 26th. 28th. house. Jmy, 1885. 4th. Saw fifty seals on the ice to-day, also a large number of bumblebeea, 6th. Mosquitoes appeared to-day. 6ib. A hot wind to day at 6 p.m. i:ith. Black duck and a loon m the cove to-day. loth. The sides of the mountains are now green in many places with short coarse grass and willows; there is but little snow except high upon the ravines. 18th. A whale in the bay to-day. 20th. Cod-fish are expected by the natives to arrive to-day. u 5t per cei 21 9r hnv'iig 18 21 24 broken 2n irom n 9t 41 24th. Troat tishing'^'good ; no cod yet. 29th. Tigging for cod, no fish. 30th. Hudson Ba7,trader aaya the ice is very late this year, is usually all gone 20th July. August, 1886. Ist. " Alert " arrived at 8.30 p.m. January, and also the Newfoundland schooner " Lassie." 4th. I dozen cod caught in the traps, fish not in yet. 7th. Fish in to-day. 8th. The schooner " Vita," of Little Bay, Newfoundland arrived, 16th. Sttmmbhip " Labrador" passed on her way to the Post. 18th. Steamship "Labrador" passed bound out for Chimo. 26th. Very heavy surf breaking. 29th. Cod very plentiful. September, 1886. 3rd. ThP schooner " Lassie " caught fifty quintals of cod in the traps to-day. 12th. The schooner sailed for Fogo, Nfld., to-day ; take, about five hundred quin- tals. They have taken longer to get their cargo than for years past. 17th. Steamship " Tjabrador" passed to the Post. 22nd. Cod very plentiful. 26th. Blew a hurricane from 5 to 10 p.m. 8th. Station relieved. October, 1885. AsHi Inlet, Station No. 3. September, 1884. 5th. Velocity of wind 51 miles. 11th. Hair hygrometer though set in the usual way seems to give from 1') to 15 per cent, less humidity than the wet and dry bnlbthers. 21st. Anemometer frozen up. 23ad. " Neptune " arrived homeward bound, staid only 3 hours. October, 1884. ^nd. 9:30 p.m., wind began with a sudden squall, velocity 36 miles per hour, hnv'iig been previously a dead calm. 18th. Snowgauge put in position for trial. Wind began to blow suddenly from IJ.W. 34 miles per hour at 2 p.m. 2lst. Sudden squall 45 miles per hour N.W. at 8:45 p.m. November, 1284. 24th. H.3avy gale from S.E. all day, 10:30 p.m. 74 miles per hour. Min. ther. broken. December, 1884, 2nd. Moon at rising surrounded by bright red coloring extending for about lO'* from moon ; when two hours high still surrounded but color faint. 9ih. 11 a.m., parhelia. 48 January, 1885. 8th. Lunar halo 3 a.m. 23rd. Lunar halo and parcel enar. 29(h. loo crystals fell from a Iiazy sky all day. Eskimo visited the station. February, 1885. 2l8t. 22nd Lunar halos, ioo crystals, hoar frost. Lunar halos, hoar frost. 23rd. Hoar frost. 24th. Hoar frost. 28th. Lunar halo. March, 188S. 16tli Partial solar eclipse, estimate of extent of eclipse 0.^5. Lower portion of the sun uneclipsed. 2Jnd. Doors blown o£f thermometer screen. April, 1885. 11th. Our first real thaw. llth. First snow bird seen. 29th. First ducks, a flock of thirty seen. r May, 1885. 2nd. First rain fell. 6th. Frst flies seen, species unknown, very like ordinary house fly. Ith. Sea gulls returned to-day. 8th. First caterpillar found. 27th. Placed beacon on highest point of Rabbit Island 3l8t. Firrtt bumblebee seen of a deep orange color in the lower body. Lit signal lamp and kept burning 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. June, 1885. 2nd. First spider (small black one) seen amongst the moss. 4th. First grey linnet seen and hawk shot. 5th. Eskimo arrived, they have shot a goose. First loon heard to^lay. 6th. First sand pipers seen . 18th. Two loons flew past the house to-day, they are the first seen. 22nd. Two butterflies seen, a small white and a medium brown. 5 4ta. Eskimo arrived in two whale boats. July, 1885. 2nd. FirRt mosquitoes. ' •- * •?^' A heavy clap of thunder in the west, heard at 9 p.m. The Eskimos seemed temhed and spoke of rain with thunder as being verv raie here. 26th. Mosquitoes now very plentiful. August, 1885. 9th. Eskimo report a brig hove to, outside the ice pack east of the island. IZth. Steamer trying to make the inlet. 13th. Steamer in sight drifting with ice. 4» 14th. Steamer passed out of sisht to the westward. 17th. Saw the " Alert " in the ioe making for th« inl^t. American barqae. " George and Mary," passed west in the paok. September, 1886. 19th. "Alert " arrived at 8 a.m., and station was relieved. * Station No. 4.— Stupabt's Bat. September, 1884. Ist, 2nd. Fog and rain. 4th. Freezing rain. 6th. Light snow, October, 1884. 6th. Lnnar halo 11 p.m. 7th. Easterly snowstorm. 23rd. Most brilliant aarora. signal seemed 12th, Brilliant anroia. Ncfveniber. 1884. December, 1884. 9th. Anroral arch extending across the sky from west to east, also perfect corona, 19th. A few ducks still remain near the mouth of the bay. 31st. Slight fog nearly all day. January, 1886. 1st, 2nd, 3rd. Lunar halos. 20th. Very heavy gale. 24th. Ice crystals. 29th. Lunar halo 3 9.m. February, 1886. 3rd. Fog and drifting snow. 6th. Heavy easterly gale. All instruments having exposed metallio snrfiaces are covered with ice. 10th' Easterly breeze has raised the temperature wonderfhlly. At 3 a.m., wind west, 14', hazy, temperature— 20°1 ; at 11 p.m. wind S.E., 26'10' stratnss tempera- tnre -|- 22-4. 11th. Warm all day, maximum 27'9, minimum 21'9. 21st. Brilliant solar halo and parhelia. Two halos rich prismatic colors at timesi The arc above the outer circle is occasionally most brilliant. These were vertical and horizontal, with radiants from the sun to the inner halo. At night bright lunar halo and parselenae. 2&th. N.W. wine' ^rings the fog in off the Straits, and the moisture falls in a frozen state to the gro 'nd. I have called this " frozen fog." March, 1886. 6th. A clear bright day. Aurora, class I, at 11 p.m. 7th. Parhelia at 3 p.m. 110-4 60 21st Heavy N.W. gale, 11 p.m. Squalls of hurricane foroe, from 80 and 90 miles per hour ; drift undesonbable, the night beggars description. 25th. School of porpoises passed along shore going west. Lunar halo at 11 p.m. 30th. Eskimo report porpoises off the point. April, 1885. 2nd. Solar halo. 11th. First small bird appeared this afternoon. 17th. A few ducks flew over to-day. May, 1885. 4th. A few drops of rain fell to^iay. 8th. Extraordinary visibility ; from Look Out Point/ could see*an immense distance. t^^jfltfiii 12th. Thickness of ice in Bay, 5 feet 6 inches. This is the firett day on which ducks have appeared in numbers; at 5 p.m. hundreds were flying about and swim- ming in water near the island. Ptarmigan came near the station to-day, 30th. Flock of wild geese seen flying north— first this year. June, 1885. S.^d. E3kimo report that from a hill, some distance west, open water can be seen to the north. July, 1885. 26th. Hoar frost at night. August, 1885. 9th. No ice to be seen in any direction. > Station No. 5, Pobt ds Bouohbrvillb. September, 1884. 1st. Geese flying south in large numbers, 17th. Auroral twilight, sky brightest to N.E. 20th. S S. " Neptune " arrived homeward bound. October, 1884. 9th. Auroral display. 14th. Brilliant auroral arch from N.B. to N.W. 15th. S.E. gale this p.m. December, 1884. 14th. Very brilliant auroral arches. 21st do do. ° . January, 1886. Ist. Paint lunar halo. Several brilliant auroras during the month. 51 nd 90 miles > at 11 p.m. a immeoBo ron which and swim- lan be seen 7th. Parhelia at 3 p.m. 18th. Solar halo and parhelia. Ist, Lunar halo 11 p. m. fith. Parhelia at 3 p.m. February, 1885. March, 1885. April, 1885. May, 1885. oSu^S^^®'*.®^'^*^^ '**'^°g ^^® minates between 7 and 11 a.m. «JUtn. bnow IS at last melting rapidly. 18th. Flist rain fell. June, 1885. August, 1885. 13th. Straits completely clear of ice. 24th. "Alert" arrived and station was relieved. ^ Station No. 6, Port Lapibribbb. October, 1884. 20th. Saw three ships to-day working eastward in the Straits. April, 1886. '■■■ ^ I ■ 28th. Three sea gulls seen to^lay for the first time. 30th. First small land bird seen to-day, the ravens have been here the whole winter. ,^Jay, 1885. 1st. An immense number of ducks seen to-day. June, 1885. 1st. The column for "Total Snow on Ground" has not been filled up, but I think that 4 feet would be a good average for the total fall of snow during the winter. We have never had a heavy snow fall, but always light snow and falling during short period. It always drifts, leaving the ground bare in some places, with large masses in others. This has made it impossible to measure the snow fall and fill up the column headed as above. 5rd. First rainfall of the year. August, 1385. 2Pth, " Alert " arrived ; station relieved. York Factory. 1875—1882. First rain, 21th March, ISth^May. Last rain, 21st September, 29th October. First snow, 8th September, 28th September. Last snow, 26th May, 18th June. 11«~4J ! > i:ibu\i-: 9» Snow birds, 17th March, 9th April. Sommer eagle, 19th March, 20th April. Geese appeared 21 at April, 3rd May. Plover " 28th April, 14th May. iosqi " Swallow Fro^ Bobms Mosquitoes " 8th June, 2l8t Jane. It II It II 11th May, 26th June. 26th April, li ;.b May. 2'7th April, 13th May. Ducks Snipes Fire-flies The two dates are the earliest and latest records in the group of years. 23rd April, 10th May. 25th April, 11th May. " July and August, rli FoBT Ghubohill. September^ 1884. 2l8t. Snow showers during day. 30th. Snow showers throughout day. October, 1884. 8th. First appearance of ice forming on shores of river. 10th. Began wood hauling with dogs and sled. Ice still forming.. 13th. Thin ice drifting on river. 16th. No ice on river. 19th. Large quantities of ice are drifting about in the river. 21st. Ice still floating. November, 1884. 6th. Ohurchill Biver frozen over as far down as tne Old Fort. 11th. Churchill Biver opened again to-day. 21st. Biver entirely frozen over. December, 1884. 24th, Eight inches of snow on ground. January, 1885. fith. Sixteen inches of snow on ground. « 16th. Total depth of ice in channel of river, 3 feet 10 inches, 26th. Mercury frozen. 30th. Mercury frozen. February 1885. 7th. Mercury fro':en. 18th. 8 inches of snow on ground. April, 1885. 1st. Snowbird seen to-day. 2nd. Bain during night, first of season. May, 1885. 28th. First thunderstorm in weo<; at 6 p.m. 68 June, 1886. 10th. Ohannel of river open opposite the Foit. 2*7 th. Biver open for a little, bat below the fort. 30th. Biver opened oat to^ay. July. 11th. Ice came up the channel with evening tide. 30th. Light frost this morning. August. 10th. Light frost this morning. SEA TEMPSRATURKU. Table XfX gives the daily mean temper ataro of the sea surface. The positions given are the noon positions each day. From May 27th to July Slst, the rosirlt entered is the mean of a Bihoaly series of observations extending from midnight to midnight. From August Ist to October 18th, observations were only made every four hours. IiABRADOB COAST 55°N. 56°W. An examination of the table, by charting the temperatures shows, for tho Labrador coast, say in lat. 65° N., long. 56° W., that the surface temperature, which, when clear of the ice pack in the early part of June, was 37° nearly. It had by the second week of July, got heated up to 41° ; and by Jnly 30th, notwithstanding the presence of numerous icebergs, the temperature had risen to 50°, falling again by Oct. 10th, to 34*. Hudson's STRAITS. In Hudson's Straits, for the first 20 days of August, the ship was always in the ice; the average surface water temperature for this period is 31° 3. On the 21st, the ship got clear, and when clear of the pack, wo found the temperature on the south shore, and west to Nottingham and Digges, up to 36° and 35°. In September the temperature of the western end of the Straits, 33' , and at the latter end of the month, in the eastern half, no mean of a day, while at sea, was as high as 32°. The sea temperature conditions observed in Hudson's Straits this year, are exactly the revei-se of those found, in 1884, on the voyage made in the " Neptune." In 18&4 the ice met with was heaviest on the south shore and in the west end of the Straits. In 1885 all the ice was on the north shore and the east end of the Straita. Similarly, in regard to temperature on p. 12 of the report of the H. B. Expedition, 1884, the fact is recorded, that the highest temperatures were found in the eastern end of the Straits, in 1885, both going out and coming home, the surface temperature* were higher at the west end of tiie Straits. Hudson's bay. In Hudson's Bay the last few days of August, and the 7th to 10th of September, the temperature was 38* 7 to 38° 4, the observations both going and returning, showing slightly higher temperatures on the eastern than on the western shores. On Hudson's Bay soundings were taken every four hours, both going out and returning ; and a Nigretti k Zajabra automatic registering thermometer was used to get the temperature at the bottom. The highest bottom temperature recorded was 41° and the lowest 37° 5. 64 SUaVITINQ WORK. Ow'ng to the exceptional delays experienced this vear, I was able to do very little in the way of adding to our knowledge of the hydrography of the Bay and Straits. ,. , , The following work was, however, accompliehed : — (1.) Track survey from steam launch, of Outer Bigges Island, by Dr. Bell and Mr. Tyrell, P.L.S. I also got good observations for position at the observing station in i?ort Lapierridre, the longitude results agreeing within 4 seconds of that deter- mined last year. I obtained observations here both going out and returning, at an interval of eighteen days, the assumed rates for the chroiometers agreeing most satisfactorily with that found by observation. (2.) Eunnirg survey of the west side of the northern group of Ottawa Islands. (3.) Tidal observations in Churchill Harbor. (4.) I also took a series of soundings across Hudson's Bay. Maximum depth found was 9' fathoms. C/opies the plans and results will be forwarded hereafter. TUB RESOURCES 01" THE BAT AND STRAIT. Apart altogether from the question of the navigability of the Straits as a prao- tJcablo coromorcial route for the transport of produce from the North- West Terri- tories of Canada, the resources of the Bay and Straits are well worthy of attention, and will, in my opinion, amply repay those who undertake their development. In my report of last year I drew attention to the fact, that the whole of the fishing and trading done in the Hudson's Bay region is at present in the hands of the Hudson's Bay Company and the Now England whalers. The whale fishing, walrus hunting and porpoise fishing are capable of great extension, and are certainly profitable pursuits, since our neighbors to the south of the boundary line can afford to keep ships in commission for eighteen months in order to fish for less than four. The waters of Hudson's Bay are wholly within the Dominion, and the right of Canada to protect these waters and keep them for her own citizens is, I think, unchallenged. In the case of the White Sea in Northern Russia, the Eussian Government charge high licenses for the privilege of fishing, and prescribe the methods to bo used in capturing the fish. I would strongly urge the advisability of protecting these fisheries ; and in any negotiations with the TJnited States Government in reference to right of United Sta*^^ citizens to fish within the territorial waters of Canada, the value of the Hudson's Bay and Straits region as a fishing ground should be strongly insisted on ; and under any circum- Btances, our Government should retain the right to proscribe the methods which may be used. The salmon and trout fisheries continue to be prosecuted by the Hudson's Bay Company ; their refrigerator vessel, the " Diana," taking home this year upwards of thirty tons of fresh salmon and several tons of trout. The Company have evidently in view the development of this branch of their trade, inasmuch as they have this year brought out a small vessel, of some twenty tons, to carry on the coasting trade between their stations in XJngava Bay. The mineral resources of the Bay, as well as the natural history, hive been treated of by Dr. Bell, who has both years accompanied the expedition as medical officer and geologist, and who had also, on previous years, visited both the east and west coasts of the Bay. Dr. Bell's i-eport shows the extent of these resources, and if railway communication were established with any part of the Bay, it would be possible to prosecute the whale fishery, porpoise fishing, salmon fishing and walrus hunting much more advantageously than can at present be done* Suitable vessels, such as strongly built schooners, cculd winter in the Bay, and the crews be sent up in the spring of each year. Every U. S. whaler which goes into Hudson's Bay is also an unlicensed trader, competing with the Hudson's Bay Company for the trade with the Esquimaux, the •s Company paying full duty on all articles imported for trado/whilet thoir competitors ■^ New England take, dutjr free, goods from bonded stores or goods manufactured in the u. 8., as best suits their business. The following is Dr. Bell's report on the Geology of the Hudson's Bay Kegion : — ■' THE GEOLOGY OF HUDSON'S BAY AND STRAIT. By Robert Bbll, B.A. So., M.D., LL.D. Assistant Director cf the Geological Survey, Medical Officer to the Hudson's Bay Expeditions. In the following chapter I propose to give the geological resultf?, not only of tho expeditions of 1884 and 1886, but also of the various journeys which I have made to these regions in previous years. The deticription will include roforonces to all the useful minerals which have been discovered arouud tho shores of tho Bay and Strait, with thoir geological relations, and it will be followed by a brief account of the economic minerals of the Hudson's Bay territories generally, which it is believed will prove useful in the present report. James' Bay, the southern prolongalioa of Hudson's Bhj, will be included in the description of the latter. The opposite sides of Hudson's Bay differ from each other, both in physical characters and geological structure. As a rule, the eastern side, or J^^astmain coast, as it is called, isrocky, and much of it is bold and high, while the western shores aro mostly free from solid rocks and low, with shallow water extending out considerable distances. In the north, a group of large islands, lying between the Bay and Fox Channel and Hudson's Strait, consists partly of Silurian limestones, and partly of older rocks, apparently Laurentiau; EAST SHORE OF HUDSON'S BAY. The following description of the geology of the Eastmain coast will begiu in Rupert's Bay, at the southern extremity, and proceed northward. I made a geological reconnaifsancoof this bay in 1875, and in 1877 tho exploration was extendel to JlCape DufFerin, the western extremity of tho Portland Promontory, a distantiv of 600 miles in a straight line from Moose Factory, at the head of James' Bay, A. rough survey was made in the interval between Cape Jones and Cape DufFei in, abouu 300 miles in length, and a map showing this part of the coast, with the adjacent islands, was publiphed with my report for 1877. The first high ground met with on the eastern side of James' Buy is Sherrick's Mount, a large elevated peninsula or island. At low tide it is connected with the main- land, but when the tide is high it is separated from it by marshes and a strait of shallow water in its rear. On the north-west shore of Rupert's B:ij, between the river of the same name and this island, Laurontian gneiss is exposed at several points. The color is generally gray and the texture rather coarse. It is composed of quartz and felspar with only small quantities of hornblende and mica. The general run of the bedding varies from N. 45* W. to N. 60° W. (magnetic). A small island, about 80 feet high, in the middle ot Rupert's Bay, called the Stag Rock, consists of reddish.- grey, rather coarse gneiss, running east and west. (Geological Survey Report, ma, page 323.) Viewed from a distance, the outline of the land on the east side of James' Bay- is undulating and rather low. Tho coast is fringed by a great number of islands, idth long points and peninsulas of the mainland among them. The water between 6G these ielaodB and points, and for some diatanco oat to Hoa, ih ghallow. The majority of the irilands aro rather low and corapoaod of boalders and sliingile, with few or no trees, but the solid rock occurs upon a krgo proporti>>n of them. The shinffle is Arranged in conspicaous terraces, marking the recession of tho watorR of the Baj, a flubjeot wbioh will be again referred to. No regularity can be detected in the {general arrangement of these islands, points and peninsulas. Thoy present a kind of abyrinth which it would be yery difQcult to map with accuracy, and which is not unlike U>at of the north-eastern shore of tbo Georgian Bay, Lake llaron, except that on the oast coast of .Tames' Bay the water is *outh sido of tho outlet of Hirhmond Gulf, measured from the level of tho soa upward, may bo taken as a fair nprcHcntution of tho rocks which form tho high and narrow tongue of land ■which hoparuies the gulf from the opun soa and also of the first ridgo or range of killt4 ull along tho cousi to iho southward as far as tho head of Manitounuck Sound : Feet. Coarse groy sandstones, of tho Intermediate Formation, upwnids of 400 Amygdaloids 160 Blui.sh-groy and drab dolomites (iO A bund of bluish drusy dolonito, carrying galena 20 Thick bedded bluish dolomite 30 Grey quartzitos and argillites .... 100 Basaltic diorito (followed olsowhoro by amygdaloids) 200 960 Everywhere on this part of the coast, tho Manitounuck, series dips to tho west- ward at a unit'urni angle of about 5°. Tho upper beds, which slope under tho water ail along the uutsiile shore of tho narrow per.insula between Richmond Gulf and the Bay, consist of amygdaloid^, and the same rocks continue along tho coast to tho •outhward nearly lu Manitounuck Sound. They a'-e usually thickly studded with coartse agates, many of which aro very largo. A. striking foatuie of these jtmygdaloids rousisls in the frequent occurronco in ihem cf largo isolated masses of Ijroen epidcsito, from two to twenty feet in diameter. Thoj.^ masses appear to bo of a seggregatod or concretionary character. The proportion of the epidote which they contain, and tho intensity of the green color gradually increa-*o from tho periphery to tho centre of each mass. On the expensive bare rock-sui faces along tho soa shore tlioy generally break up, under the weather, into angular fragments which bocoino removed by some natural process, in which frost, no doubt, plays an important pai-t, leaving round pits or holes to mark the former positions of the epidotic masses. The had- bearing band of dolomite in the above section is worthy of notice. In the cliffs about three miles to the north-east of tho Hudson's Bay Company'- r-'t at the mouth of Little Whale River it is about thirty feet thick. Here a qua . ty of galena had been extracted from it long ago by unknown persons and about inn© too8 of the dressed ore wore sent to London and sold by the company in J858-5&. .raoter. and ait From rittrtHivo Dstonoa sirtt of plaooH. navorso P those of tbo [ also to 10 main vicinity , similar ipiod by lillod up irt above 10 outlet kon a» a of land range of : Sound : Itho west- tho water If and the 1st to the Ided with of these Imasses of ^r to bo of )to which irom the |k-8Uiface8 an i^ alar jno doubt, pobitiona lotice. In ;>--t at qua . ty ^bout !»tao J858-5&. The ore ocours in the form of iHolated bunchuri in the dolomite. On the Houth Hid* of the river and near the UudHon's Hay Company'^ post, thin band appoarH to b« richer in galena than whero it huH been worked. It is traceable thence to Richmond Gnlf, at the entrance to which, on the south side, I found bunchoM of ;fulona in it which would wei^h upwards of one hundred ponndH. The same band appoarH to bu exposed in the cliffti along the wont aide of the Oulf. Although comparatively thin, it ia probably continuous botwoon the loRalities which have been montionod, uh both it and the UHHOcIated beds are very regular, and from its richnCHH in load ore it may in some parts of itu course, prove of economic importance. Dr. Harrington found speoimenH of the ore from the old "mine" roar the Little Whale Rivor post to contain 6.104 ounces of nilvor to the tun of 2,000 pounds, while that from tho entrance to Richmond Gulf yielded him 12*03 ounces to the ton. The Munitonuuck rocks are continued northward in the Nnstapoka chain of islands, .vhich begins near Little Whalo Kiver and runs northward, parallel to the coast, for about ninety miloH. It consists of fourteen principal islands, .ill of u orescent-like form, narrow and dewtitute of trees and arranged in a single rov, lying at a distance of from two and one half to five miles from the coast. Four of iho larger islands are each ten miles long. They all present nearly the same structure, witn oliiTs on their eastern sides facing the mainland, and the strata of whi*di they are componed dip westward or towards the open sea at angles varying from a° to (J**. The following ascending approximate section of the beds on the southernmost largo island of the chain and whif.h wo called B61;\nger'8 Island, may be taken as representing, in a general way, the rooks of the whole chain. (Soo Geological Snrvey Eeport for 1877, p. fi C.) F«et. Bluish dolomite, weathering yellow, [all in large 'concentric masses, with olive green slate between. These large masses are themselves formed of small concentric concre- tions from 2 to 6 inches in diameter. 10 Olive green silicious slate !^0 Interval of coarse shingle,] 30 or 40 chains wide, between the eastern edge of the island and the base of an east-facing cliff, in which the rest of this section is exposed. The strata concealed would be about 200 Greenish silicious shale with grey quartzose sandstone 150 Single band of light grey sandstone 10 Grey quartzose sandstone, ^interstratified with greenish silicious f-hales 105 Black slate, some of which splits into good flags 15 Highly ferruginous impure dolomite band 10 Drab-colored manganiferous spathic ironstone in thin bands, some of which weather to a brown color, others to a black. These form much of the surface of the island 18 si The greater part of this section is seen in a cliff rising nearly perpendicularly to the height of 348 feet above the sea. The manganiferous iron-stone band, whioh forms the upper member of this section, is of great economic importance. It tvlso appears to form the summits of nearly all the other islands of the chain. On Flint Island, the small southernmost member of the gr-^-up, this band is 30 feet thick, but it is here interstratified with beds of greenish argillaceous sandstone. On Davieau's Island, about sixty miles north of the inlet of Eichmond Gulf, the ore band is about 20 feet thick. Analyses of specimens from this spathic ironstone band made by Dr. B. J. "Har- rington, show that it contains valuable ores of iron and manganese. An average spr 'men of a compact variety from Flint Island was found to contain 25-44 per •0 -cent, of metallic iron and upwards of 24 per cent, of carbonate of manganese. A crystalline variety from Davieau's Island gave 27*83 per cent, of metallic iron. The average tLicKness of the iron band is probably not less than twenty feet, and it appearH to run through all the islands of the group, a distance of about 90 mU^s, ezclo- eive of the more northern members which are more widely separated. Tae band is made up of layers a few inches in thickness. The color, on fresh fracture, presents various nhac^s of di-ab, bnff and brown, and the weathered surfaces are either buth- western extremity, highly ferruginous beds, varying from ton to fifty feet thick, some of which may be valuable as ores of iron, are seen near the water's edge, overlying sandstones and shales and. underlying compact trap. On an island about one mile long and situated half a mile south-west of the fiouthern extremity of Long Island a ferruginous band is seen in a similar position and another one higher, between two thick layers of trap. LoobO masses of a shaly, fioraewbat argillaceous bright red hematite wq^j .''ound along the coast in the vicinity of JJicliraond Gulf. These may have been derived from some of the red band3 inter- strati iod with the sandstones, quartzites, &c., among the lower strata around the gulf. Magnetic iron-sand is washed out of the drift in considerable quantities at various places along the eastmain coast, such as Great and Little Whale Elvers, near Little Cape Jones and Langlands Biver. (Report Geological Survey for 1877, p. 21 0.) The thickness of the strata of the Manitounuck group of rocks on the mainland and islands in the vicinity of Nastapoka Sound, may bj approximately computed from thoir angle of inclination and their horizontal width at right angles to the strike. As the strata of the Nastapoka Islands and of the mainland opposite are almost undis- turbei, and as both have the same moderate dip, the average strike being parallel, it may be assumed that the measures concealed under Nastapoka Sound are conform- able to both, and they would, therefore, amount to about 1,000 feet in vertical thick- ness. This, with a minimum of 1,200 feet to represent the strata around Bichmond Gulf (exclusive of the underlying Intermediate Formation) and 600 feet for the rocks of the Nastapoka Islands, would give a total of 2,800 foot as the thickness of the whole Manitounuck group on this part of the coast. The Nastapoka chain of islands is continued northward by an island over seven miles long, the south end of which is a short distance beyond the mouth of the Ijanglands River, and by a somewhat smaller island some fifteen miles further north, both islands lying about two miles off the shore. These two islands and the northern half of tho most northern one of the Nastapoka chain proper, are capped by a con- siderable thickness of trap, which would apparently oc3upy a higher place in the series than any of the strata of the islands to the southward. In going n^'jrthward, tho rocks of tho MMnitoimuck group, above described, terminate on the mainland about thirty-one miles north of the entrance to Bichmond Gulf, and beyond this point the Laurentiau gneiss forms the main shore all the way to Cape Dufferin. Hopewell Point, which is situated at a distance of about thirty-one miles north- ward of the last two islands just described, is a much less conspicuous geographical ieatore than was formerly represented on the imperfect charts of this coast. The Hope point ture f them well£ whole Island landw of the Bnper] AI] the rela another Th( about tl I have e rook, in of Mosq Huronia Dufferin sists ma Las Digges I to a poii hills at t flouth. [ gneiss of extent, ii occasiom as seen the coas Mosquito rocks pr< As stated consist of where th( Inth the latituc from the J from the i rooks occi The,i BOQth-west last aatum which was t£ 9. A iron. ind it exola- Eind is esentB biftok Toiiter itute a e ia its where eastern liich in tate of be ore, is offer places, may be lidtanoo ^rarying ire seen jompaoi it of the position a shaly, vicinity ds inter- and the tities at Kivers, [or 1877, jr seven Ith of the ler north, Inorthern a con- ia the lesoribed, iLicbmond le way to js north- jraphioal Ut. The Hopewell chain of islands consists of ten principal members, lyinj^ between this- point and Cape Dufferin. They resemble the Nastapoka Islands in geological struc- ture and in their forms and general appearance, bnt they are not so high and most of them lie saperposition of the rocks of the entire chain : Feet. Black slate 30 Dark grey thinly-bedded sandstone > 30 Massive light grey sandstone 10 Black shale with two bands of dark grey quartzite, and one band three feet thick, of iron-stone 40 Fine-grained dark groenish-grey trap (maximum of this locality) 40 150 All the islands of the group have a structurt*) resembling the above section, but the relative proportions of the different strata vary somewhat in passing from one to another. The remainder of the east coast of Hudson's Bay, from Cape Dufferin to within about thirty miles of Cape Wolstenholme, has not yet been examined geologically, I have seen numerous pots and lamps made from a greenish-groy compact slcatitic rook, in the hands of the Eskimo, which they said they obtained in the neighborhood of Mosquito Bay. This circumstance indicates the probable existence of a band of Huronian rocks in that part of the coasV The description of the shore froaa Cape Dufferin to Mosquito Bay, by those who have seen it, leaves little doubt that it con* sists mainly of JUanrentian rocks. Last September, while the " Alert " was lying in Laperriere's Harbor in Outer Digges Island, I was afforded an opportunity of coasting southward in a whale boat to a point about thirty miles from Cape Wolstenholme. From the tops of the rocky hills at this distance I could see the nature of the land for at least ten miles further south. The whole country from the cape consists of barren hills of Laurentian gneiss of the commoner varieties, with patches of finegrained red granulite, of limited extent, in some parts. Large veins of white quartz and red felspar were noticed occasionally. Judging from the appearance of the land still further south, as seen from the " Neptune " in 1884 and from the " Alert " last year, the coast would appear to maintain the same character all the way to Mosquito Bay; so that we have reason for believing that the Laurentian rocks prevail along the entire coast, between Capes Dufferin and Wolstenholme. As stated in my report of last year, Nottingham Island and the Diggos Islands also consist of Laurentian gneiss, as well as both shores of Hudson's Strait at every place vvhcro they were examined. In the eastern pai t of Hudson's Bay, a number of groups of islands occur between the latitudes of 56 and 60 degrees, und at distances varying from 70 to 100 miles from the Eaetmain coast. I have obtained, through the Eskimo, a few rock-specimens firom the islands opposite to Little Whale Kiver, from which I infer that trappean rooks occur there. One of the specimens is a large piece of calcite from a vein. The most northerly group of the islands referred to lies in a north-easterly and south-westerly diveotion, and mostly between latitudes 59" and 60°. We visited them last autumn, in the "Alert," and a rough survey was made of a part of the group, which was naried the Ottawa Islands, in order to avoid confusion in reference to the 62 two groaps called the North Sleepers and the South Sleepers which are the next islands to the south of them. The Ottawa Islands are all of a bare mountainous char- acter and rise to heights of between one and two thousand feet above the sea. I landed upon one of the outermost of this guoup and found it to oonsist^eutirely of a greenish trappean rock, apparently diorite. The rocks of most of the islands in the northern part of the group had exactly the same appearance and they are, no doubt, of the same geological oharacte:*, but the most westerly of the larger of these islands to which we approached close enough to see it plainly, consisted of stratifie". masses in distinct layers of great thickness an J of different colors and external appear- ance, all dipping westward or t Awards the centre of the bay. The trap of the island on which I landed was cnt by 6 lall veins of quartz containing copper pyrites, and it also held thin short seams of asbastus. In 1884 I had opportunities of landing from the " Neptune " at two places on the eastern shore of Mansfield Island, and the greater part of this side of the island -was seen sufficiently closely to ascertain that it consisted of greyish limestone in horizontal beds which wore mostly thin. Although the fossils collocted on the above occasions are neither numerous nor good, they are sufficient to show that those lime- stones belong to the Silurian system and are probably of the age of the Niagara formation. As stated in my report for 188i, 1 had an opportunity of inspecting the south- eastern side of the southernmost island ot the Southampton group for a considerable distance northward from Cape Southampton. In this interval the rocks consist of limestones, like those of Mansfield Island on the opposite side of the ship channel. Last season. Captain \Vm. Hawes, of the Hudson's Bay Company's bri^ ''Cam Owen." informed me that the northern end of this island, for a distance of 25 to 30 miles southward from Cape Pembroke, consists of rugged rocks, forming dark-looking hills, which he could not distinguish from those of Laurentian gneiss on both sides of Hudson's Strait. 41, WEST SHORE OF HUDSON'S BAY. From what has been ascertained in regard to the geology of the western shores of Hudson's Bay, including James' Bay, it appears probable that they are everywhere bordered by rocks newer than the Laurentian, except, perhaps, in the vicinity of Cape Henrietta Maria, where there is an interval concerning which but little is yet known, and in which the latter system may come to the coast. A large area, lying immediately to the south-west of James' Bay, is occupied by almost horizontal fossiliforous strata of Devonian and Silurian age. These rocks form a flat country, which rises very gradually as we advance into the interior. They extend further inland on the Albany Biver and its great southern branch, the £enogami, than in any other part, the margin of the basin being 200 miles from the bay on the former, and 230 on the latter. The dip is north-eastward or towards the bay at a low angle. Ou the southern side of this basin, which begins about Hannah Bay, the Devonian rocks come into direct contact with the Laurentian and Huronian, but in the valley of the Albany a considerable breadth of Silurian limestones and marls is interposed. The late Mr. Billings considered that the fossils, which I collected in this valley, indicated the Niagara formation. The Devonian rocks are exposed along the main Moose Biver and the lower parts of its branches, the Abittibi, the Mattagami and the Missinaibi, as well as on the Albany and the Attawapishkat. The late Mr. George Barnston collected and presented to the Geological Survey a number of well-preserved fossils from the two streams last named ; and others have been brought by myself from the Moose and its branches, which Mr. Whiteaves considers to indicate the Carniferous formation, while the fossils from the Albany and the Attawapishkat, he finds, belong to the Hamilton group. These Devonian rooks include greyish limestones with ironstone, bloishgrey shales with gypsum, and reddish marls. Agoomska Island, and some I 'i p the next inoua char- ioa. i8t*eutiroly ) islandf) in ey are, no ir of these f stratifie". Qal appear- ' the island ites, and it ices on the the island nestone in the above :hose lime- a Niagara the soath- Dsidorabie iks consist the ship any's briR ance of 25 ), forming 1 gneiss on ern shores very where vicinity of ttle is yet icupied by bese rooks e interior, ranch, the 3 from the ) wards the it Hannah Huronian, stones and which I the lower 1 as on the ected and n the two >se and its formation, >ng to the ironstone, and some rHAIlT orrnt OTTAWA /SLANDS HLUSOXS BAY Fnnii mi a/,f,nwimat4; .Vw/Vc* bt, Jjlait. A .H.(lo,(^on Ji. N. of H.M.&.S.ALCKT Srtth - 4 Knots 1 J ur/, -* ^ Sf^utiiitriff^t in y-ult*' :i ISO J'.MQ, f, / '~,»'J. Wm.x »T.V7tr.( "T^, r«oifn-f , O -^.^ ^ •■ '•.<'. 'V' '■"'/' /^><'-' '. s.; .\f„^ ^ JSddifU 7 / 'onJi.N. f. >*>■ t3 , «5- •' / ISOJ'.WZ^T.Mucl. _^_ ---07^. :-^, 1+ K^' yv..:{t< Hj,)tr Strt m? js-i ■i.Vii^ Z.ttt. :>9?4-6' I ft smaller dip is in these isl occurs ii and ihe separate with the miles ab Wei Bay pro as being becomes 1880, th limeston twonty-1 abundan stream t extend i route in] Laurent the first line, ft'o cbaraote Bay, on sections limeston drift, ou it may 103 mVi€ the poin 1878, p. On inland t as possil Nelson j highest 1 Silurian consist c above tfa Point, w same ro< further i water to the rock althougl thinly b last loca of the b( the spec The may be miles in in iatitui fossilifer top 8om( nodules. a distan< es emaller islands in James' Bay, probably consiut of Devonian strata also, as the general dip is in their direction, and it ia possible somewhat higher measures may occur on these islands. A large deposit of good clay ironstone, passing into ^monite, which occurs in the I>evonian rocks at the foot of the Grand Eapid on the Mattagami River, and tne probable occurrence of other deposits in these strata will be doi^cribod in a separate chapter on the Economic Minerals of Hudson's Bay. The gypsum associated with these rocks ut the " Whice Banks " on the main Moose Hiver, from 31 up to 38 miles above Moose Factory, will also be described in the same chapter. Westward from Cape Hem'-otta Maria, or following the south side of Hudson's Bay proper, the Indians deooni o the country, a short distance back from the shore, as being somewhat hilly to a po^nt, a few miles cast of the Wainusk Hiver, where it becomes level, and continues so all the way to the Nelson River and beyond. In 1880, the Bishop of Moosome brought me a specimen of light-colored fossiliferoua limestone from the rock in situ in the bed of iho River Severn, at a point about twenty-five miles above the Fort of the same name. Ho reported this limestone as abundant in this part of the river, and, from his description of the character of the stream and of the surrounding country, it appears probable that this rock may extend to twice the above distance or more from the sea. In following the boat- route inland, f'-om York Factory, by way of Hayes, Steel and Hill Rivors, the Laurentian rocks are first met with at about six miles below *' The Rock," which ia the first chute on Hill River, and is situated at a distance of 109 miles, in a straight line, from York Factory. The intervening country is level, and it has all the characters of the regions along the lower stL-etches of those other rivers of Hudson's Bay, on which the Palajozoic rocks are known to occur. The river in its three eections just named, is broad, and flows with a swift and almost uniform current over limestone shingle, which is no doubt derived from flat-lying Silurian rocks under the drift, out of which the bed of the stream is excavated. On this boat-route, therefore, it may be inferred that the Silurian rocks extend inland to a distance of about 103 miles, in a s.raight line from York Factory, or about 108 from the extremity of the point between Hayes and Nelson River. (See Report Geological Survey for 1878, p. 8 CO). On the Nelso'i River the flat-lring Silurian rooks were ascertained to extend inland to a distance of eleven milos above the Third Limestone Rapid, or as nearly as possible 108 miles in a straight line from the extremity of the point between the Nelson and Hayes Rivers, called Beacon Point or " Point of Marsh." The beds highest up the river contain abundance of fossils which prove them to be of Lower Silurian age, but those nearest the sea are probably Upper Silurian. The latter consist of dolomites, and in ascending the river they were first found about two miles above the Puck-wa-ha-gun branch, or at sixty-two miles in a straight line from Beacon Point, where they are exposed at low water on both sides of the stream. The same rock was also met with on the south-east side of the river at two and six miles further up. At the latter place a perpendicular escarpment of it rises out of deep water to a height of thirty feet above its surface. At all of the foregoing localities the rock has a yellowish-grey color, is rather fine grained, soft and generally earthy, although some of the beds appear to constitute a tolerably pure dolomite. It is thinly Dodded, with the exception of a few bands, a foot or more in thiokuess, at the last locality. The only fossil observed was a Pentamerwi, which was abundant in one of the beds, but none of the specimens were sufficiently well preserved to identify the species with certainty. (Geological Survej- Report for 1878, p. 12, 0. C.) The foot of the First or Lowest Limestone Rapid on the Nelson River, which may be considered the head of steamboat navigation, was found to be about 77 miles in a straight line from Beacon Point, or about 90 miles by the river, and to be in latitude 56° 36' 61 " Here on the north-we.st side is a cliff of buff colored fossiliferous dolomite in nearly horizontal beds. It is shaly at the base, bat at the top some of the beds are two feet thick and the latter hold flinty and white chalky nodules. The fossi iferous rocks crop out here and there on the sides of the river for a distance of 23 miles above the foot of the First Limestone Rap|d, or to a point 04 three miles above the Third Limestone Bapid. On thesouth east side, just below the Second Limestone Bapid, nine miles above the first, a cliff, twelve feet high, at the edge of the rivtg:, is formed of horizontal bods of crnmbling baflf and greyish dolomite. At about a mile below this locality these beds were observed to be slightly undulat- ing. At the Third Limetone Bapid the rook is exposed in horizontal beds at the foot of the clay bank along the south-east side of the river, and consists of bluish grey, drab and buff somewhat arenaceous dolomite. Tho Limestone Biver, a considerable stream from the northward, enters the Nelson just below tho foot of this rapid. The last exposure of fossiliferous rock which was seea in ascending the river occurs on the south-east side at tho foot of the Broad Bapid, about eleven miles above the Third Limestone Bapid, or 108 miles from fieacon Point. It consists of a finely arenaceous dolomite of a mottled light bluish-grey color The fossils collected at the three Limestone Eapids wore examined by • ". W' aves, who found thom to comprise most of the species characteristic of th • 'o, ., ite which occurs along the Bed Biver in Manitoba, and which he regards as i^'ru^aicu'i.. to the lead-bearing limestone of the W^estern States, or about the horizon of He I' tier, formation of the Lower Silurian system. In dosecening the Churchill Biver, the Silurian basin is entered upon at a dis- tance of 80 miles, in a straight line, from the mouth of the stream. The beds first met with consist of rather coarse greyish rusty-looking sandstone, \7hi0h is seen here and there in the banks of the river, resting on coarse syenitio gneiss, for a space of three miles, or to the seventy-seventh mile from the sea, where we come to Portage Chute, the strongest rapid on the river below the junction of the Little Churchill. The greatest thickness of this sandstone exposed in any one place amounts to about thirty feet. It was not observed to contain any fossils. From Portage Chute, for the next forty-two miles, or to within thirty-five miles of the mouth of the river, Silurian strata are met with, either continuously or at short intervals in the banks or bed of the stream. The last of the red syenitic gneiss, which prevailed higher up the river, is seen in its bed at a distance of eight miles below Portage Ohute, but on the left or west bank, a cliff of greyish-buff very crnmbling earthy limestone or calcareous marl, varying from thirty to fifty feet in height, extends all the way from the Chute to this exposure of gneiss, and the same rock is also seen at intervals beneath the drift clay in the opposite bank. Similar dolomites, but becom- ing lesH earthy as we descend the river and rise in the measures, continue to a point five miles below tho commencement of the last or forty-five mile reach of the river, or as above stated, to within thirty-five miles of the mouth. Some of the more strongly dolomitic or least marly of the beds are mottled with white chalky nodules like those already referred to in the dolomites of the Nelson Biver, while others have straggling dark-colored patches running over their surfaces. The dolomites of the last five miles are more evenly bedded and of a lighter grey or buff color than those further up. Tho few fossils which were observed in the dolomites and marls of the Churchill appear to belong to Lower Silurian speoies. (See Beport Geological Survey for 1879. C.) Below the last exposure of these dolomites (at thirty-five miles from the sea) no fixed rocks were observed until approaching Mosquito Point on the west side at the head of tide- water ; where, at a short distance back from the river, massive dark grey argillaceous quartzitos are exposed in a ridge running in a southerly direction. These (Jharchill quartzitos contain no fossils and they evidently belong to a much older serioH than the dolomites. They bear a strong resemblance to the auriferous " whin-rocks," of Nova Scotia, and, like them, contain veins of quartz, which, how- ever, did not show any gold in half a dozen specimens assayed by Mr. Hoffmann. The fine harbor in tho mouth of the Churchill Biver owes its existence to these quartzitos, which form the sea coast on either side of it. They were also traced for several miles to tho eastward. The Silurian dolomites are, however, again met with on the coast several miles south of Cape Churchill. Northward of Churchill Biver I have explored the shore of Hudson's Bay for a short distance beyond Button's Bay and have seen the land in places on the north- grey, ierablo . Tho M west Bido, but Marble iHland was the only part in this direciion ot' which 1 have personally made a goolo^ical oxaraination. 1 have, howovor, been fimuHhod with descriptions ot tho whole coawt ad fur at* ChosterfioUi loiot, by tViuad.s who have travelled along it, and huvo uUo roceivod from thorn conHidorablo oolloctionB of epeciraens of the fixed rockrt from a number of places between Eskimo Point and Chesterfield Inlet. ProioHsor JumoH Tunnant has also described Homo lock-Hpeoimens from the same part of tae coast and Kopulrto Bay. Prom the^o data riomo idea may be lormod of tho geology of the wsiolo north-wostern nido of Hudson's li.iy. It would appear Uml from Soul River to Eskimo Point, a diitunco of 140 statute miles, tho coast ia low with tho exception of an occasional iaolutod hill, probably of drift. There is much limostono in the shingle of the boach, and it ip not improbable that behind this section of tho shore, the flat-lying Silurian rocks form a considerable area similar to those which have just been described further to the soath-oast. The unbroken or even trend uf tho shuie, like that from Capo Churchill to tlio Severn Eiver, as well as tho Jow character of the luM(i would, from analogy, indicate the presence of these rocks rathor than of tho oldof formations, which wnuld probably give rise to a hilly country and a broken coast lino. From Eskimo Point to Chosterfiold Inlot the rocks would appo i • i -consist principally of a variety of schists, which cannot bo distinguished from tiior^^ we ive classed as Huronian. Among the specimens from this region are amyg "•'toid- nd other trappean rocks, and likewise one of red sandstone which has the .. " '.rajiu.os of that ot the Intermediate Formation mentioned in a previous part of i ' c;. "oter as occurring in Kichmond Gulf. Tho geolcgy of Marble Island is dosci ib ^ in my report for 1884. Glossy mica schists like those associated with tho qua. .zitos of which tho island is main'y composed, are also found on the mar nd r>ppo8ito. Between Eskimo Point and (Jhesterfiold Inlet, tho natives report tho ^ rronce of numerous largo veins of granular iron pyrites, of which I obtained a dozen freshly broken angular spocimons, having a total weight of about fifty pounds. The only rook associated with the pyrites is a very small quantity of dark grocni:""""«, ,-o minerals. for economic THE ECONOMIC MINERALS OF THE HUDSON'S BAY TEREITORIBS IN GENERAL. The useful minerals which havo as yet been discovered near the shores of Hud- son's Bay or Strait havo been already mentioned in describing tho geology of these regions in a previous chapter. But in connection with the subject of this report, it is lie— 5 66 boHovcd (hnt a very bri«f account of what ia known of tho minora! resoarcoH of the Hudrion'H Bay Territories, generally, will prove intoreHting. ThoHe notes have been gathered partly by myself in the course of the geological explorations which I have made in vuriouts parts of these territosies, and part of thora are derived from tho pnb- li;hed obaorvatioiiK of other travellers who have vinited those regions. Tho Hudson's Bay Territories include the greater portion of tho Domitdon of Canada north of tho waternhod of the St. Lawrence and east of tho Kocky Mountains. It will bo seen that notwithstanding tho small amount of oxi»loration which has been made for valuable minerals in this vi st region, we have indications of great wealth in various diroolions. Alow words on the outlines of thegoology of the territories under cousidoration will assist in explaining tho distribution of tho economical minerals. Tho Laurontian nucleus of the continent is the principal feature of the geological map of tlio Dominion. It stiotcho.s iVoni Like Superior to Baffin's Bay, and from. Grot t Boar Lake to the Straits of Belle I.?io. llulson's Bay itsolf, which is half the size of the Meditenanean Sea of tho old world, lies in the contre of this area. Its aho^'os aro boidcrod in places with newer rocks. On the west side of James' Bay (its southern pn/longalioii) these extend inland over 200 niilos, and consist of fossil ifenms Devonian and Slluriim strata. On the western and north- western side of Hudson's Bay, proper, altered rocks are mot with, iionio ot which resemble the gold-bearing- strata of Nova Scotia, honic the Ilurotiian of Luke Huron, some the older Huroniun, and others tho crystalline series of the neighborhood of Sherbrooke, in tho Province of Quebec. Along tho oast coast (called the Enjimain), and among tho islands lying off it, there is an intcres'ting sot of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, which appears to be identical wiih the Animikie and the Nipigon soiios of Lake Superior. The area which 1 have spoken of in a general way as being Laurontian includes tracts and belts, more or less extensive of tho Huroaian series. Such areas appear to be most common, and they have boon best explored in the country botween the Great Lakes and Hudson's Bay. Most of the islands of the Arctic Soa consist of Silurian strata. On some of tho north-western of iliom. Carboniferous rocks are supposed to be developed, but, possibly, on further examination, these may prove to be Devonian and Cretaceous ; and still fuitber north, strata supposed to be of Liassic ago have been found. Between the Laurentian nucleus and the liocl.^ Mountains, there is a great basin of Silurian, Devonian, Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, which, towards the Arctic Ocean, becomes, to a great extent, replaced by non-fossil if erous limestones, pi'obably crfNipigon age. On the shores of the Artcic Ocean, similar limestones, astociated with trap, are the prevailing rocks between the Mackenzie and Copper Mine Elvers. The copper-bearing rocks of the latter river appear to correspond with those of Lake Superior, In the following brief account of the economic minerals, I shall begin with the metallic ores, and in order to make this part of the subject as complete as possible, I shall include in it short notices of any valuable minerals which may have been already referred to from a geological point of view in a previous part of this report. Iron.— A fine variety of magnetite, of which I procured specimens, is said to occur in large quantitiop near the entrance of Black Bay on the north side of Athabasca Lake. On Knee Lake, between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson's Bay, I have examined a large deposit of a laminated finely granulai* magnetite which however, Mr. Hoffmann finds to contain only 45.86 per cent, of metallic iron ; but it is per- fectly free from titanic acid. Magnetic iron ore is reported to occur on the north side of Hudson's Strait, and small deposits of it are not uncommon among the Huronian bands in various parts of the territory. Hematite in bands associated with sandstones, shales and trap, is found on Long Island, Hudson's Bay ; and loose pieces of this ore are often met with on the Eastmain coast. A promising deposit of hematite has been opened on Big Island in Lake Winnipeg. Two years ago Captain H. P. Dawson, S.A., sent me a fine specimen ( Lake. Clay-i tho Supple quantities Clretaceouh a large do] the Matta^ are indical the Devon Butp 'loscriptioi tho east si previous ] into layei through i\ tlip of th( ■furfttoe of Hpocimons about 50 J] It would, 1 Coppei in amygdii exist in lai Island and of rocks re on these is poet of sue obtained t: centage of carbonate found in t quartz vei which is c yielded su On the Mt calcspar v specks of Mr. JamoE Captain S Lindsay I Lead, Bay, a bai on both si good deal pounds. Lake Mat Zine, of the Mai Battle Ish Molyl Eiver, wh of this mi Silvei twelve ou silver in £ Great Wh 11( Htrata iuu, and jvinco of ng off it, irs to be incladea iH appear wooa the ne of tho iped, bat, Dtaceous ; 1. i a great he Arctic probably isbociated le i^ivera. those of with the )0ssible, I )Q already 8 said to h side of ly, I have however, it is per- the north mong the foand on rith on the }ig Island , me a fine spooimen of foliated Hpocular iron from a vein on tho nor»' rn bay on Great Slave Lake. Clay-ironstone is found on Molvillo Inland, according to Mr. Charlos Konig (in tho Supplomont to tho Appendix* of Captain ParryV V'^.r^go of 1810-20). Small quuntitioM of it in tho form of noilulos and Lhin layora onciir in many places in OrotQceouH and Tertiary marls of tho N"oi>th-Wo:^t Torritorios. In 1875, I disoovoi a largo deposit of this oro paH^ing into limonito, at Iho foot of tho (Irand Rapid II the iovorod , d of tho Mattagami Ilivor, a short distanco south-wo^t of th(3 lion.d of Jamos' Bay. Thoro aro indications of its existence in considcrablo quiintitios in variouH places among tho Devonian locks to tho south-west of this hay. But probably tho moat oxlonsivo deposit of iron ores 'n tho territories under 'loseription is that of man^:aniforou8 spathic ironstone on tho N.istapoka Islands, on tho oast Hide of Hudson's Bay, doHcribcid in my i'(j)r)rt for 1877. As slated in a previous part of tho present I'oport, tho oro occurs as a thick bai.d, divided into layers of a fow inches overlying tho quaitzitos and shales, and running through all tho islands of tho s.u.hcrnraoHt piiiofy miles of this chain. Tho dip of tho strata h low and Iho i to, broken up by the froi^t, foim;t much of the 8Urfaoo of Ihoso islands, then; being iio timber or t^oil. Dr. Ilarrington has analyzed ■ipocimonsof tho ore from (lifforont iriandu, and found it to contain on an average about 50 per cent, of carbonate of iron and '^5 per c.Mit. of carbonate of manganese. It would, therefore, bo a valuable oro for the manufacture of spiogoKsit^on. Copper. — Tho native cop])or of the Copper Mino liiver is ilosjrib.'d as occurring In amygdaloid, and from private accounts, which I have hoard, it would appear to exist in largo quantities. I have tound small veins containing copper pyrllos on Long Island and one of tho Ottawa Islands in thonorth-oaBtcm piiitof lIudhOn'.sBay. Asa set of rocks resembling tho copjior-boaring series of Lake Superior aro largely dovolopod on these islands and tho Bastmain coast, copper may bo bore locked for with a pros- pect of success. Some of tho specimens of granular iron pyrites, which I havo obtained trom the north-wost shore of the bay, look as if Ihoy contained a small per- centage of copper. Tho quartzitos of Marble laland aro stained with tho green carbonate in some places. Copper pyrites, generally in small quantitios, has boon found in the Huronian rocks in various parts of tho toriitories. It occurs mostly ii quartz veins, resembling those of tho Bruce mines on a biaull :-caio. At this locality, which is on tho north shore of Lake Huron, two quartz voius in Huronian greenstone yielded sulphuretted ores to tho value of 83,300,000 between the years 1347 and 1876. On the Mattagami Eiver, about 25 miles below Konogamisseo Lake, I have found calcspar veins from three to ton inches thick cutting similar dioritic and containing specks of copper pyrites. A promising deposit of tho latter was described by tho late Mr. James Richardson some miles southward of tho now celebrated Lake Mistassini. Captain Sir John Ross says ho "found copper oro near Agnow River and Lord Lindsay River," but ho does not state what variety of oro it consisted of. Jjead. — Among the rocks of tho Manitouuuok series, on tho oast side of Hudson's Bay, a band of drusy bluish grey dolomite, about twenty-five foot thick, was found on both sides of Little Whale River and at Richmond Gulf. This band contains a good deal of galena in the form of bunches, some of which would weigh about 100 pounds. Galena has been found by Mr. B. B. Borron in veins in Huronian rocks at Lake Mattagami, in the southern part of tho basin of Moose River. Zinc, in the form of blonde, is found in small bunches among somoof the rooks of the Manitounuok series. Large workable masses of blende occur north of the Battle Islands, Lake Superior, in hornblende schist. Molybdenum, — A specimen of molybdenite was presented to me at Great Whale River, which was said to have boon found in the neighborhood. Specks and scales of this mineral are not uncommon in vions in tho Huronian series. Silver. — The galena of Richmond Gulf was found by Dr. Harrington to contain twelve ounces of silver to the ton of 2,000 pounds of oro. Tho same gentleman found silver in small quantities in the iron pyrites from a vein in gneiss near the month of Great Whale River, and in the same mineral from another vein catting dolomite lie— 5J near Capo Jonou NugafotH of native Hilvor havo boon found, wilh tlioso of gold, in Bomo of tho uppor Itranchon of tho Poaco Rivor. Copper oich, which havo boon dis- covorcd throo or four ycaiH Ji/^^o in tho Rocky , Mountains, near tho lino of tho Canadian Pacific Jlailway containH a notaldo (luantity of Hilvor. Gold.—TiutCH of tbiH mctiil were found, along with tho Hilvor, by Dr.HaiTingtoti, in tho pyrites of tho two looalitioH which h«vo juHt been referred to. Specks of gold are mentioned by ProfenHor Torirmnt an occurring in quartz which had been brought from RepulHo Bay, which Hoh to tho north of TIudnon'M Hay. At tho Huronian Mine, north of tho hoight-of-land, and went of Thunder Hay, Lake Superior, gold isfound in prominitig quantitioK in a large quartz vein cutting Iluronian achiHtH, 'which han boon worked to Homo extent, and a Htamp-mill ha^ boon erected at tho mine. It is met with an HpeckH and small nuggotn, alHo in a quartz vein, at Partridge Lake, a short dihtunco northward of tho hint named locality. Gold haw boon known for Hovoral years to exist in quartz veins on Lako of tho Woods and oIbo- where in that hoction of tho country. Openings hi.vo been made on some of thoBo veins, and with a proHpoct of ultimate succohh. The most promising veins appear to be those which cut tho dioritos near iho largo masses of granite about tho eastern parts of tho lake. Thero is reason to beliovo,that to tho west of tho lower part of the Mackenzie River, a promising region for gold and silver exists. From private sources it has been ascertained that gold ha? been washed from tho sand and gravel of some of tho uppor branches of tho Youkon and tho western tributaries of tho Liard ; and also of tho Rat River, which enters tho west side of tho delta of tho Mackorzio. The fine gold found in tho bed of tho North Saskatchewan, ospocially about Edmonton, is washed out of the drift, and it may have had its original source in the auriferous upper parts of tho Poaco or Liard valleys, having come thence during tho glacial perloa. Although it is probable that it will bo many years before tho cheaper and more bulky of the non-metallic minerals of this vast wild region will be sought after, still as we never know what circumstances may arise to make them valuable, any facts concerning th-jra are worth recording in advance of tho settlement of the country. The knowledge of their existence may sometimes prove a factor in the projecting of railways, or in otherwise promoting the development of tho country. Gypsum. — Banks of gypsum, from ten to twenty feet high, occur on both sides of the Mooso River, between thirty-one and thirty-eight miles above Moose Factory, which is situated at the south-western extremity of James' Bay. The upper part is mixed with marl, and only the lower ten foot consist of solid gypsum, which is mostly of a light bluish-grey color, A small proportion is nearly white. A similar deposit of gypsum is reported to occur near the shore of James' Bay, between Moose Factory and Fort Albany. I found a fragment of tho mineral last summer among the volcanic rocks of the Ottawa Islands, in the noi'th-eastern part of Hudson's Bay. Sir John Ross reports its occurrence at North East Capo. In Manitoba an impure variety has been found in thin layers in the Cretaceous marls of the Riding Mountains, and nodules and crystals of selonite may he found in these rocks in almost any part of their distribution in this Province and tho North-West territories. On the Peace River, at a place called Peace Point, about sixty miles from Fort Chipowyan, at tho west end of Athabasca Lako, the clitfs, which are of Devonian age, are largely made up of gypsum. It is also said to occur in considerable quantities, a short distance westward of tho natural salt deposits of Salt River, a small western tributary of the Slave River, about mid-way between Lake Athabasca and Great Slave Lake. Salt. — At the locality, which has just been referred to, salt of excellent quality, resulting from the evaporation of brine flowing on the surface, is found in considera- able quantities in crystals about the size of those of Liverpool salt. It is shovelled directly into the bags in which it is taken to all parts of tho district. At a place called La Saline, about half a-mile oast of the Athabasca River and thirty-tivo miles below its junction with tho Clearwater Rivor, a white incrustation ot salt is deposited from brino flowing over a bank composed of a black indurated mixture of sand and asphalt. Excellent salt was formerly manufactured from brine issuing from Devonian ! rooks at th nogosis. .^ VVest bourn WoHt Terri will be fou Soao&t son's Bay, accustom e( which thoy regions. Falcon \A River, abot Li (/nit i strata of Ou line to tlio Sauris Rivi extremity ( general ral Whonover are fuund ii west side of Anthra near the lin Bay, I was anthracite, extremity, which it ooi Albortito. a bright lus fixed carboi parts. Sot shore from case, I,may any anthra tho compoi^ and lastly, i Petrok\ Athabasca i by tho writ( for that yoai limestones, which imm( Athabasca, from which found in vat Uppor Poac of tho Soutl River, near Hudson's St visitor. Th of Hudson's Chostorfield •^ Graphit specimens b there in abu graphite is f •• i of gold, in 3 boon dis- lino of tho HaiTingtoii, ockH of gold oon brought nuronian [lorior, gold [linn BchistH, octocl at tho ftt Partridge d huH boon [h and oIbo- no of thoBO 'oinB appear •unite about to tho woHt n for gold iftt gold has lohofl of tho Rivor, which tho bod of tho > drift, and it jaco or Liard 3or and more 'ht after, still )lo, any facts the country. projecting of both sides of )oso Factory, ippor part is lich is mostly milar deposit ooHO Factory : among the n's Bay. Sir ja an impure g Mountains, lost any part Dn tho Peace swyan, at the largely made hort distance butary of the lake. Uent quality, in considera- is shovelled At a place rty-live miles t is deposited of sand and cm Devonian rookn at tho north-wostorn and also at tho Routh-wiwtorn oxtromity of Lake VVinni- nogOHiM. Hpririgrt of weak brine Ihhuo from tho hunk^ of tho Whilo Mud llivor above VVoHtbourno, in Manitoba. Tho Devonian rookis arc cxtonHivoIy nproad in tho North- WoHt TorritorioH, and it in to bo oxpoctod that whon iho timo comes to require it, salt will bo found by boring in many localitios. Soaostoni,. — Tho Kf-kimo both of tho north■W(«^torn and tho earttorn Hides of Ilud- Hon's iiay, us well UHthoHoof Hudson's Strait and tho coast of Labi.idor, hiivo boon accustomed from lime immomorial to rauko their pots and lamps out of this rook, which tlioy Qiid in various placus among the ^noissos and (irystallino schists of liiuse ro^'ions. 1 1 occurs in abundance at Uod Lako, cast of Lake Winnipeg and again noar Palcou Ir-land on Lako of tlio Woods. I have also met with it ou tho Mattagaml Rivor, about twenty milos bolow Konogamissoe Lako. Lignite is well known to occur oxtonsivoly in tho Cretaceous and Tertiary strata olOur North-WesL TonitorioM, all the way from tho United States boundary line to tho mouth of tho Mackon/iio Kivor. Tho most easterly local itios uro on tho Souris Rivor in Southern Manitoba, and on tlio Swan Kivor near tho north-west extremity of Lako Winnipcgijsis. Tho quality of those lignites varies greatly. As a gonoral rule tho nearer wo approach tho Rocky Mountains tho botUu- they become. Whenever tho bods are uisturbod or tilled, tho quality is improved. Beds of lignite aro found in tho drift on tho MuUagaini, Albany and Rainy lilivors, and on tho south- west side of tho Lako of tho Woods. >ln/ArecimeDs of iver leaves working. J le northern at Lake in Report for |ve broDght from large d Inlet and 8 on Scottie a a rapid in la of looali- |e dolomites Bay, afford purpose is hioh fringe Irregular among the it, and else- ;e occur on jittle Whale ment. Iready men- ales, at tho by two foet The harder on the east A handsome ist shore of 3d to would )thy Portage for manure, ous parts of 11 as various tho British by Captain Committee, as the use of 71 Besides the regaiar series of observations carried on at Stupirt's Bay. I have, ■whenever possible, myself taken observations to determine tho absolute values of the magnetic elements. Mr. Carpmael, Superintendent of the Meteorological Service and Director of the Magnetic Observatory, Toronto, has kindly undertaken tho examinatiou ot these observations, and the following is his report : — MAQNETIC OBSERVATIONS. It was considered advisable that in addition to the meteorological observations taken at the various stations, a series of magnetic observations should bo taken at one of the stations ; with this object in view Mr. E. F. Stupart, who had had several years' experience in magnetical work, was selected to take charge of one of the stations, and he was provided with an assistant in Mr. H. Bennet. In order to obtain a set of instruments at short notice, Mr. G. M. Whipple, Director of the Kew Observatory, London, England, was written to with a view to get a loan of the instruments that had been used by Captain Dawson at Fort Eae in connection with the International Arctic explorations. Mr. Whipple promptly obtained the neces- sary panction for loaning these instruments, but reported that tho balance magne- tometer was so defective as to be absolutely useless without a considerable amount ol repairs for which there was no time. An inclinometer which had been recently invented by myself was hastily constructed in Toronto and added to the equipment, which in some measure Bupplied the want of the balance magnetometer. As has already been stated in a previous portion of this report, Mr. Stupart with Messrs. Bennet, McDaniol and Chapman was located in Prince of Wales Sound in latitude 61° 34' 23" north, longitude 71° 31' 42" west. The differential instruments were placed on pillars of artificial stone sunk four feet in the earth in a detached building, 16 by 12 feet, at a distance of about thirty yards south of the dwellinghouse, and a second hounewas provided in the shape of an octagon, each sido three feet six inches, inside measurement, in which to make tho absolute determinations. This second house was about twenty-five yards south-wefcl of that for the differential observations. The arrangement of the differential instruments was as follows :— Tho declinometer was placed a ^hort dibtance in front of tho centre of the wall opposite to the door, and the bifilar magnetometer and induction inclinometer were placed noar the two corners at the opposite pide, so that the three instruments wero at the angles of an isosceles trirngle. The distance from tho declinometer to either the bifilar or inclinometer was about nine feet, whilst that between the bifilar and inclinometer was about eleven feet. The building was eo placed that a lice joining the declinometer and the bifilar lay almost in the magnetic meridian with the declincmtter to the north, and a line from'the declinometer to the inclinometer pointed south of west, nnfignetio. The declinometer consisted of a magnet (cylindrical, 3 inch by 0-3 inch) with a mirror attached, suspended by a silk thread, with the reading telescope and scal•^ all on one stand. The bifilar magnetometer was similar to the declinometer, except that it wftf* provided with a bifilar instead of a uni-llar suspension. Both these inbtrumenta wero used by Capt. Dawson at Fort Eae. The inclinometer was a bifilar magnetometer, with this modification that instead of the magnet being retained in position nearly at right angles to the magnetic meridian by the longitudinal tension and tortion of tho suspension threads, it was eo adjusted that when in a position nearly at right angles to the meridian the couple, caused by the tension and torsion of the threads, vanished, with the inclination at nearly its mean value; but the magnet was maintained in this position by the action of two vertical soft iron bare,ono placed magnetic north atd the other magnetic south of tho centre of the magnet, with the nortb pole of one and the south pole of the other in the same horizontal plane with and ec uidistant from the magnet. •72 The adjustments of this inclinometer wore oflFected as follows • — (1). With the eoft iron bars away, the times of vibration T, and T^ of the magnet suspended with the bifilar suspension, in the meridian, with the N end pointing north, and with the N end pointing south, i-espoc5tively, were determined. The hori- zontal component Xj and X, of the earth's magnetism as determined by the bifilar Magnetometer at the times when these vibrations were taken, being noted. (2). An unmagnetized brass bar was substituted for the magnet and the torsion circle turned through a right angle ; the mirror was then turned to a convenient reading Iq near the centre of the scale. (3). The magnet was then replaced in the carriage with its north end in that direction, which caused a decrease in scale reading from the position with the non- magnetic bar. (4). The soft iron bars were theo placed one to the north and one to the south of the magnet, so that the line joining the lower pole of that to the north and the upper polo of that to the south, was in the magnetic meridian and passed through the centre of the suspended magnet, and were adjusted to such equal distances from the magnet as brought the reading of the scale to nearly lo. When B, (9 were total force and dip reppectively suppose Ij bo the scale reading, a the angular value of one division of the scale. The intensity of the induced magnetism is proportional to E sin a-nd the couple due to it, acting on the suspended magnet, is propoi tionai to M B sin 0, where M is the magnetic moment of the magnet. Let us call this couple ff M E sin (). The horizontal couple due to the direct action of the earth's magnetism on the suspended magnet is — M B cos Q. The couple due to the suspension* is proportional to !„ — Tj, let us call it, •The magnet, except wheu the reading is loi will alao induce magnetism in the bars. Th3 couple due to this cause will, if I- -lo is small, be proportional to I— lo, and might have been included with 1, had the time of vibration, ii the final position, been observed, which, however, was not done.* — G a (Ii lo) i aisc let m M be the couple due to permanent magnetism in the induciion bars. Then for equilibrium we must have |ff M E sin Q — M B cos Q — G « (Ij — !„) -f m M «-0. Let the two bars be inverted, and at the same time interchanged, wo thus reverse the sign of vi. Hence if I, bo the new reading // M B sin 0— M E cos 0— G a (I,— T„)— m M.^0. If M, E, and g have remained unchanged, wo have therofo/o M m- 1,-1, G a=: h Gt d suppose. The constant k was determir M accurately by frequent reversal ; then with the bars in thoir original position, the equation for equilibrium was fi M E sin 0— M E cos Q-G a (I-A— T<.)=0 (i). From (i) we see that if ^g be the dip when the scale reading was k -}- !„, then (l sin j3— cos g=0 or [i=cot 0. Substituting this value of (i in (i), we get M E cosec (j sin (9— ^)— (I-A-IJ G a=0 (ii). The value of G-^M was found from the formula G _/Xi xa / i__ M M— Vir'Tf/ \T? tJ and the value of /^ was determined by noting the reading I of the Inclinometer, whilst the dip of the needle was being determined in the usual way. This gave bv G sin/^ ' (ii) sin Q)~/3)= Mr~E « (I-*-Io)= C (I-A-U nearly. The value of the co-officient C was calculated to be 0''265, but this must have been too large owing to no account having been lauen of the induction in the bars, duo to the niiignot iit-elf. Accordingly, in reducing the observations the value 0'-25 has been adopted, which cannot be very far from the true value. The temperature co-eificient was determined by experiments with hot water. f I ir. o n < X iTl > O K E- Q Bifilai times of vi the merid final adjus The I nnifilar ms red to an a from the ii making a c taneously ^ to a staudj secured by between tb a reading results wer occur from Table . declination The az time azimu were detori that purpos given in Ta The al Whilst the short and oi to the meat have been a reading in t were read, moter, and mJning the of the earth mean of the force indical values are si constant, an diffioultios V) The ah simultanooui or time durii reading of tb Tables I horizontal fc from the rea Table H g The prei of the observ report of the note that dui through an a 73 Bifilar. — ^Tho scale co-offlcient of this inHtrutnent was detorminod frora the times of vibration of the magnet with bifilar susponsion in throe positions, viz. : In the meridian with north ond north ; in the meridian with north end south, and in final adjustment nearly at right angles to the meridian. ABSOLUTE DETERMINATIONS. The absolute determinations of the magnetic declination were made with a unifilar magnetometer by Elliott Bros., Strand, London, England. They were refer- red to an azimuth mark, which was a small cross cut in the rock at about sixty y arda from the instrument. The magnetometer itself was on an artificial stone pillar. In making a determination the difforcntial declinometer was read by an assistant simul- taneously with the absolute instrument, and every reading of the latter was reduced to a standard reading of the former. The coincidence in the time ot reading was secured by signals transmitted frora the one house to the other by a string stretched between them. By this arrangement, although the changes in declination between a reading with scale direct and with scale inverted were often considerable, the results were good and the variations were little, if any, greater than were likeiy to occur from vavying torsion, when the total directive force was so small. Table A, p. 74, shows the result of the individual determinations o. absolute declination reduced to standard reading of the declinometer and the adopted values. The azimuth of the field mark was determined by comparison with numerous time azimuths of the sun and one time azimuth of the planet Jupiter. Those azimuths I were determined with the magnetometer, which is provided with an arrangement for « that purpose. The various separate determinations as well as adopted azimuths are I given in Table B. The absolute horizontal force was obtained with the same magnetometer. Whilst the time of vibration was being determined, the bifilar was read at short and equal intervals, so as to ascertain the mean reading which corresponded to the mean time of vibration obirined, and the time was reduced to what it would have been at the standard reading of the bifilar ; also, simultaneously, with every reading in the determination of the angle of deflection the declinometer and bifilar were read, and each reading was reduced to a standard reading of the deolino- \ moter, and the mean angle of deflection thus corrected was employed in deter- mining the ratio of the magnetic moment of the magnet to the horizontal component of the earth's magnetism ; and this ratio was reduced for the difference between the mean of the bifilar readings and the standard reading. From these, the value of the force indicated by this standard reading of the bifilar, was determined. The re 'ting values are shown in Table 0. They indicate that the bifilar zero was satisf constant, and that the observations were exceptionally well taken, conside diiHcultLos where the changes of declination were so rapid as was often the < The absolute determinations of dip were made with a Barrow di, simultaneous readings of the inclinometer and bifilar baiag taken at equal rily tho circle, ■■ lorvals tanJard ui time during the observation, and the value of the dip corresponding to n reading of the inclinometer deduced, the results are embodied in Table D Tables E, F, G, show the mean monthly and annual averages ot the < i nation, horizontal force and dip respectively corresponding to each observation liour takea from the readings of the differential instruments. Table H gives results of magnetic observations at sundry stations therein named. The present report gives only the moan results, but I propose to give the results of the observations in more detail, and to further disuuss them in connection with the report of the Magnetic Observatory, Toronto. It may, however, be of interest to note that during one of the magnetic disturbances the deolinoinetor magnet o«oillated through an aro of over 10". 0. CABPMAiiL. % TABLE A. Observations of Absolate Declination for Zero of Declinometer, scale reading 350. Declination obaerred. Declinometer Declination Date. at Difference. at 360 Semarks. obserration. West of North. Sept. 27... 54 6 46 308-2 ' " 42 19 • > " S3 28 26) Oot 7... 64 42 67 270-0 1 21 00 63 21 07 Adopted Talne 63<> 22''4 W. do 14... 64 42 10 2700 1 21 00 63 21 10 j do 14... 64 39 43 272-35 1 18 37 63 21 06 Re-adjustment. IToT. 7... 64 06 16 460 1 61 22 65 67 87") do 8... 54 02 42 460 1 61 22 65 64 04 Adopted value 66» 66''0 W. do 11... 64 36 31 430 1 21 00 66 66 31 J Dec. 24... 63 66 29 370 20 16 54 16 44 Re-adjnstment do 29... 1885 Jan. 24... 54 23 20 360 10 07 64 13 13 Adopted value 54° 16' -S W. 54 13 19 360 00 oe 64 13 19 - do 24... 64 12 48 360 00 00 64 12 48 do 26... 64 19 40 350 00 00 64 19 40 do 26... 54 19 30 350 00 00 64 19 30 do 26... 64 17 IS 360 00 00 64 17 13 do 27... 6h 14 07 360 00 00 64 14 07 do 28... 53 64 4 370 20 15 64 14 19 do :o... 54 7 63 360 10 08 64 18 01 Feb, 4... 64 \6 36 350 00 00 54 16 36 do b... 54 14 33 3»;9 00 00 64 14 33 do 5... 53 67 39 370 20 15 54 17 54 do 16... 63 34 'to 390 40 30 54 16 10 do 17... 64 2i 09 340 10 08 64 12 01 - do 20... 64 24 12 a-'o 10 08 64 14 04 do 2S... 54 15 36 350 00 00 64 15 36 Mar. 6... 64 07 25 360 10 08 54 17 33 do 7... 63 56 31 370 20 16 54 15 46 do 14... 53 54 63 370 20 15 54 16 08 do A3... 53 45 17 380 30 22 54 16 39 do 28... 54 15 10 360 10 07 64 16 10 April 4... do 14... 63 46 36 380 30 22 64 16 68 54 16 11 360 00 00 54 16 11 do 21... 5S 67 63 370 20 15 64 18 08 do 21... 53 55 46 370 20 15 64 16 01 do 2.^... 54 16 24 360 00 00 54 16 24 do 25... 63 S3 22 370 20 16 54 13 37 do ■■■'d... 64 19 29 360 00 00 64 19 29 do 'iil... 54 38 01 330 20 15 54 17 46 May 12... 54 08 44 360 10 07 54 18 61 do 14... 64 16 64 360 00 00 64 16 64 do U.... 64 16 12 350 00 00 54 16 12 do 16... 53 24 13 4(0 50 37 04 14 50 do 18... 51 16 02 360 00 00 54 16 02 do 18... 54 ;]6 19 340 10 07 54 15 12 do 22... 64 }6 21 350 00 00 64 15 21 do 29... 63 42 30 380 30 22 64 12 62 do 29... 52 52 23 430 80 60 64 13 23 June 3... 53 14 09 410 60 45 64 14 64 do 6... 63 64 33 370 20 15 54 14 48 do 12... 64 14 13 360 00 00 54 14 13 do 16... 64 15 35 350 00 00 64 16 36 do 17... 63 56 38 370 20 16 64 15 68 do 2:-!... 64 16 22 350 00 00 64 16 22 * do •^^... 64 16 31 360 00 00 54 16 31 do 20... 64 15 ■J,3 360 00 00 64 16 23 do i:o... 64 14 02 360 00 00 54 14 02 Jnly 8... 64 04 08 360 10 08 64 14 16 do 16... 64 04 31 360 10 08 64 14 39 do 20... 63 33 52 390 40 30 64 U 22 Ang. 6... 63 23 56 400 60 37 54 14 33 do 19... 63 45 8 380 30 22 64 16 30 Sept. dS Oct. do do Dec July do Oct. Nov. do do do Dec. do Jan. do Feb. do do March Dg 350. 76 TABLE B. Obsbrvations for Azimuth of Fixed Mark. a'-4 w. 56"0 W. 16' -6 W. Date. North Reading. Reading of Fixed Mark. Azimuth of Mark. Remarks. * Sept. 27 e ' >■ 346 18 16 346 15 43 346 19 13 346 20 10 345 18 39 345 18 60 346 49 7 346 48 40 • ' 11 162 28 30 162 28 30 162 28 22 162 2S 40 162 28 30 162 28 10 162 58 162 68 1 II S. 2 49 46 E. S. 2 47 38 E. S. 2 60 lo B. B. 2 52 E. S. 2 49 •69K S. 2 60 40 E. S. 3 61 7E. S. 2 50 40 E. San. do 29 , Oct. T do do do 9 do do 10 Dec 10 •• do Planet Jupiter. San. do July 20 „ do 22 Azimuth adopted, 8. 2* 50' 40" B. TABLE C. Absolutb Determinations of tho Horizontal - 'oe. Date. Horizontal Force at Bifalar Stan- dard Reading. Logarithm of Magnetic moment of Magnet. Date. Horizontal Force at Bifalar Stan- dard Reading. Logaritbin of Magnetic moment of Magnet. f>«t 18 0.6218 0-6224 0-6219 0-6223 0-6232 0-6246 0-6244 0-6241 0-6231 0-..228 0-6239 0-6244 0-6236 3-9145 •9140 •9136 •9139 •9139 -9136 -9135 -9133 -9132 •9131 •9128 •9131 -9130 March 18 0-6237 0-6230 0-6234 0-6239 0-62;?6 0-6236 0-6233 0-6233 0-6233 0-6234 0-6234 0-6237 0-6217 0-6230 3-9134 Knv B. do 26 -9128 do 10...... r..." do 20 do 28 Dec. 12* do 13 Jan 16» April 24* do 26 •9126 •9127 do 30 •9125 May 19 June 1 do 2 •9126 •9126 •9126 do 21 PfiK 9 do 9 •9122 do 18&19 •9123 do 23* do 22 July 3 •9120 do 24 Iforpli 10 •9123 Aug. 14 •9124 -9123 ' Re-adjustment Adopted values at standard reading . From beginning to Dec. 3 ~ 0-62232 «• Dec. 9 to Dec. 29 0-62448 » " Jan. 6 to Feb. 5 ~ 0-62333 " Feb. 16 to April 4 0-6J371 «« April 18 onwards ..« 0-62350 Ii TABLE D. INCLINATION. Inclin- S Inclin- o ^ Ob- ometer a Dip at Ob- ometor Dip at Date. 1 servation at £ Reading Date. servation at g Reading Dip. Obser- S 60. Dip. Obser- ig 60. .1 vation. i5 o vation. s o 1884. / ' / o ' 1886. / / / ' Dec. 17... 84 7-10 43-98 1-60 84 8'60 B April 4... do 10... 84 1-90 99 86 12-46 83 48-44 s do 17... 7-28 41-40 315 9 43 s 8-2i 8284 8'il 84 000 B do 22... 8 06 46-26 0-92 9 00 B do 21... 83 68-24 76-53 6-38 83 51-84 8 do 22... 1008 63-'»« 0-97 911 S do 33... 84 3-16 86«0S 8-76 54-39 B do 29... 908 43-; ■ 1-71 10-79 s do 29... 6-88 86-46 8'86 68 02 B do 1Q 29... 3K 6-84 47-11 0-72 7-66 B .Vay 2... do 2... 4 04 76 92-17 6996 10 54 7-49 63-60 63-26 S B ioou. do 8... 1-32 88-96 9 74 61-68 S Jan. 7... 9-67 62-22 0-66 9-12 B do 8... 2-63 77 60 6 90 66-73 B-. do 7... 6-37 44-91 1-27 6-64 S do 9... 101 75 30 633 64-68 S do 12... 6-16 66-42 1-60 4-65 B do 16... 2-73 92 40 10-60 52-13 S do 12... 7-80 60-68 014 7-66 S do 16... 8-66 91-30 10-33 63-34 B do 2'^.. 9-67 64-70 V17 8-40 B do 23... 2 30 81-90 7-97 64 33 S do 24... 6-37 68-43 2-11 4-26 B do 23... 49 72-50 6 '62 64-87 B do 28... 1-24 61-93 2-98 83 68-26 B June 3... 0-48 73-60 690 65-63 B do 30... 6-43 61-22 0-30 84 6-13 S do 4... 4-97 98-10 11-62 63 45 8 do 30 7-67 66 80 1-70 6 97 B do 16... 4-12 88 70 9 67 54 -46 B Feb. 1-21 66-92 148 83 69-73 S do 16... 83 66-36 62 06 301 52-^4! S do 6... 6-7S 61-02 0-25 84 6-60 B do 24... 84 1-20 84 70 8-6T 63- 63 B do 9... 3-88 46 02 134 612 B do 24... 0-10 77-40 6-86 53 26 8 do 19... 2-96 80-71 7-68 83 66-28 8 July 3... 0-66 81-43 7-86 62-70 8 do 19 a-76 78-43 7-11 66-64 B do 2... 4-27 81-66 7-91 66 36 B do 26... 3-48 82-76 8-19 6429 S do 9... 10'16 104-00 13-60 56-65 B do 26 .. 4-87 79-17 7-29 67-68 B do 9... 83 68-18 74-19 6-05 62 13 8 March 6 5-30 79-60 7-37 67-93 B do 14... 84 0-67 80-68 7 67 53 00 8 do 7... 4-60 91-48 10-37 64-13 S do 20... 8-27 95-27 11-32 66-95 B do 20... 3-66 106-41 14-10 49-46 h Aug. 8... 410 87-90 9-47 54-63 B do 20... 4 98 98-96 12-24 6274 B do 8... 83 68-51 79-04 7-26 61-25 S do 28... 6-17 104-38 13-6P 51 68 8 do 38... 8-9d 86 62 8-90 66-06 B Values adopted for scale reading 50— To Feb. 11th, 84° 6-33' ; feb. 11th to Aug. 20th, 83° 5411'. 77 8 B 8 B B S B 3 B-. S S B a B B 8 B 3 B a a B B B B B B S TABLE E. Showing monthly and annual averages of Westerly Declination for each observation hour, and for the average of the six hours. Month. 1884. September.. October November .. December . 1886. January.. . February. . March , April Hay June July August Means. 3 A.M. S4 11 1 64 12-3 64 17-0 64 16-6 64 17-9 64 10-6 64 7 4 64 2-8 63 67-6 64 3-6 64 1-2 64 2 7 am. 64 8-3 64 27M) 64 17 6 64 26-3 64 21-7 64 22-7 64 23 4 64 13-8 64 16-4 8-2 4-6 9 1-8 64 64 64 64 11 A.M. 64 22-0 64 16-7 64 11-3 64 17-3 64 16-3 64 12-3 64 6-6 54 1-3 53 66-6 63 64- 1 64 6-6 54 8-8 3 p. u. 63 66 6 64 7-6 64 11 7 64 13 8 64 16-1 64 8-9 64 64 64 63 53 63 53 53 7 P. M. 11 p. M. 53 52-7 54 35-7 64 26-4 54 32-2 64 26-4 64 27-3 64 33-5 64 18-6 54 16-2 54 26-0 64 24-6 54 4-8 64 16-6 64 23-9 54 31-6 64 30 3 64 40-1 64 30-8 54 38-2 64 39-8 64 21-3 64 11 64 4 54 16-2 64 12-6 54 11-1 Means. Remarks. 54 24 64 20-7 64 18-1 64 23-1 64 21-1 5! 22-7 54 20-1 54 11-8 64 6-9 63 69-6 64 5-3 63 59-8 63 69-8 18 days. 64 12-3 20 days. TABLE F. SnowiNa monthly and annual averages of Horizontal Force in Gaussian unitn for each observation hour and for the average of the six hours. Moath. 1884. September. October ..... November . December 1886. January.. . February. March. . . , AprU 3 A.M. 0-62266 0-62126 0-6213& 0'6a260 7 A. M. 11 A. M. M»y June. .... Jtiiy AngQSt • «#•• M*a>< Means. 0-6220 0* 62341 0*62339 J 0-62429 0-62447 62460 0-62604 0-62318 0-61978 0-61717 0-61896 0-61968 0-61923 0-61881 0-61668 61268 0-61360 0-61377 -61629 0.61694 0-62338 0-62297 0-62376 62384 0-62286 0-62266 0-62316 '62394 -62849 62294 0-62610 0-62354 3 P. M. 7 P. M. 0-62700 0-62683 0-62630 0-62616 0-62769 0-62808 0-62967 62894 0-62924 5 -63146 0-63178 11 P.M. 0-62624 0' 62462 0-62412 -62339 0-62277 0-62648 0-62652 63869 -62960 0-62829 0-62842 62828 0-62619 0-62614 0-62334 0-62486 0-62336 0-62346 62566 0-62628 62768 0-62719 0-62746 62679 Means. Remarks. 0-62557 0-62385 0-62264 0-62331 0-62314 62299 0-62417 62427 0-62436 0-62468 62476 0-62552 0-62395 8th to end of month— 24 days. 10th to aSth— 19 days. 7th to end of month — 26 days. 17tb to 28th— 12 days. 18th to end of month —13 days. n TABLE G. SuowiNa averages of IncliDation from tho Inclinometer readings at each observation hour and the average of tho six hours. Months. 1884. December 31., 1886. January February March Aiiril Mv June July Aug,, 20 day 9 Means , 3 a.m. 7 am, 11 n.m. 3. p.m. 7. p.m. • 11. p.m. Mean. < • O ' o ' 1 o ' ' 84 6-25 84 7 -SO 84 4-66 84 3 63 84 4-31 84 4-91 84 618 9-13 10-15 8-35 710 8 37 8-70 879 9-K 12-44 8 79 7 04 7 '68 9 55 918 O-50 9 07 71:^ 3-79 4 47 6-17 6 03 5-45 1029 532 157 2-76 308 474 3-81 8 65 4-21 O'BB 039 184 3 '26 3-15 9 86 3 •72 69 73 59 26 137 2 85 3'62 9-98 417 5905 0-59 1 72 3-19 3-95 9 02 3-70 5938 1-12 2 61 3-29 84 l''-726 84 9-76 84 5-B5 84 2-44 84 3-21 84 4-22 84 5-17 Rcjuarks. Inclinometer was not started uutil December 6. In Octiihor, 188t, the mean inclination from six obiorvations, with dip circle, was 84'' 788'. ja November do do eight do do 84*> 901'. TABLE H. . MAaNETio Observations at certain places on the Labrador and Hudson's Straits. Btfc I would rience al 1. I possibilit 2. II fluflSoient before Ju 3. T risk to tl years. I wo 23rd, and unless op ot the sta outward would pn explorati( also prop mine tho of the rai the bay. the first early in ( Alio Date. July, Aug. 2, do do Sept., Sept., Aug., 84. '84 84. 86 84. Place . Nain ■ do • , PortBurwell do Ash Inlet Port DeBoucheryille.. Port Laperri6re do Marble Island Lat. 61 40- 7 W. 'eo'ii'i'^'. 62 32'7 63 11-7 62 34-2 62 41-8 Long. 66 32-7 N, 64'46-4w! 70 36-2 77 28 W, 78 1*4W 91 8-6 Declin- ation W. 49 26 W, 49 SOW, 62 SOW, '8'40'w'! H, P. O.Q.S. Unit, 0-0434 Dip. > 78 24 78 20-2 82 27-7 82 20-3 84 16 86 1-7 86 64 86 66 84 20 Obserre! Stupart. Oordon. do Stupart. Gordon. do do Bell. Gordon. tion r:r-3 WORK PROPOSBD FOR THE EXPEDITION OF 1886. arks. aits. Before ontorioff upon tho quoHtion oftho work proposed for the voyftRo of 1836, I would point out Ijriofly tho results that soora to rao to bo oHLablishod by tho oxpo- rionce already gained. 1. I oonsidor that the temperatures proved to oxlat in tho straits preclude tho possibility of practical navigation from November to April, inclusive. 2. It seoras a reasonable certainty tbat in ordinary years tho ioo will not bo sufficiently broken up to permit of tho passage of vessels suitable for freight steamers before July 1st, 3. That while making tho passage in July will bo not attended with any serious risk to the ship, there will usually be delays more or loss considerable in different years. I would therefore proj)Ofio that tho " Alert " should leave Halifax about June 23rd, and endeavor to push through tho straits '^ ithout calling at any of the stations unless opportunity offers. To this end I arranged with tho offlcors now in charge of the stations that they wore not to expect th') ship to call at their stations on the outward voyage. If sucoonsful in getting through tho straits without serious delay, I would propose visiting the north-west of the Bay, partly with tho view to its geological exploration, but also to examine tlio fishing ground of tho American whalemen. I also propose to visit York Factory and examine the lead of tho North River to 'lotor- mine the depth of watoi' which we can carry up to Seal Island, tho proposed terminua of the railway. If our supply of coal lasted, wo could also visit the eastern shores of the bay. I would endeavor to make thewesiorn end of tho straits, homeward bound, the first week of September, and, relieving the stations, would return to Halifax early in October. All of which is respectfully submitted. ANDREW R. GORDON, Lieut. R.N., Commanding Hudson^s Bay Expedition. bierre: up&rt. )rdoii. do apart. )rdon. do do ill. srdon. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 i50 ^^^ II^^H m 1^ ■ 40 ■ 2.2 ■■■ I flBl! 2.0 m Hill 1.4 11 1.6 %• v: ^ > o 7 /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ <" 80 Table I. — AFhtaAcx of Meteorological Observations at Belle Isle, L;ibrador, Months. 1884. October November December 18B5. January February March April Hay Jane July Aagnst September Tear... ^1 *^ as «« I* O ^ 36-23 24-65 *10 69 6-39 17-68 15 70 27 99 Temperature. 30-64 H _ d 73 A. s QO at a. a o 35-17 46-0 22 25-15 40-0 9-0 11-11 400 -13 6 65 39 -19-0 18-CO 33-0 — 90 15 39 35 — 90 •j7 1-2 340 3-0 34 06 45-0 18 41 89 60 26 n 53-68 69-0 420 55 -6!» 68-0 46 46-77 69-0 30-0 30-88 69-0 —19 a: a 6-30 7 07 6 68 6-50 7-64 8 90 6-23 5 87 G 97 7 04 7-32 5 67 6 85 o •a « a 5 a o a < 6-8 6-3 5-9 6-4 6-7 6-6 6 9 7-6 7-9 t 6-1 70 6-7 Rain. a a o 12-69 Oil 0-08 12 0-00 24 117 2-42 3-41 2 (.'.' 1 -28 7-71 3125 ST Q 2 3 4 12 11 15 9 14 86 o at Q 6 11 6 8 6 6 13 14 3 62 Direction O * ^ 90 3 90 18 93 18 93 8 84 21 93 6 90 24 93 2 90 5 93 3 93 90 6 10^-' 113 I si 6 7 5 9 22 7 14 9 9 14 8 3 113 u 9 6 6 11 9 8 23 7 13 16 114 jtibmdor, Direction 3 18 18 8 21 55 6 7 5 9 22 )3 5 7 )0 24 U « 2 9 ^0 5 9 w 3 14 ?3 8 90 6 3 3/ 113 113 81 Lat. 51° 53', Long. 55° 22', from October, 1884, to Septembc--, 1865, inclusive. of Wind. « ^ H m rn en ^ 9 4 2 n 22 < 6 1 16 17 t 2 2 10 21 8 1 4 M 27' 11 7 1 1 10 9 13 11 14 27 » 9 C 9 1« 23 16 7 12 18 7 16 1! 34 iS 6 1 8 34 » 6 20 28 6 4 3 36 16 114 88 32 167 270 I S5 27 21 26 25 10 6 8 4 6 i:^ 16 21 182 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 c be 2 -11 20 240 210 24 14-0 14 12 10-2 11-4 6 6 8 14 4 14-82 Velocity of Wind. No. of tiuK-g the Velocity was a o 9 31 3J 14 3( 27 12 It' n 7 10 20 226 a It 23 8 6 14 3 9 7 2 1 3 6 90 a o 9 6 4 12 2 8 6i 2 2 0! 66 6 1 10 10 2 1 2 1 2 41 a, a , Fogs. Q s 6 4 6 10 1 3 1 29 8 6 6 9 6 8 7 12 19 17 11 6 113 11 11 7 8 8 9 10 13 15 IS 15 U 13« iic—e 82 Table II. — Port Buhwell Station, "No. 1," Months. 1881. Auguit September October .... November , December , 1885. Janaar^ .. February . Uarch April May Jane July Aogagt.... Year.. September Barometer at 32° and Sea Level. a d 29 '743 29-702 •719 •726 •832 •631 30-061 29 '771 •907 •912 •743 •762 •780 Of 30 •078 30 194 -272 -426 -272 •389 •632 •366 -246 652 -212 •265 •327 O 29-049 29-180 28-941 29018 28^922 29 096 •385 28 •860 29361 •268 •19J -084 •320 29-795 29-729 30-632 30-037 28-860 39 018 e a 1029 1-014 1-331 1-408 1-360 •293 -247 •495 •985 ■284 -018 •181 -0J7 a 09 68 a I S " No. 1," a 8-6 6-8 «-6 9-8 n-1 -23-2 10-7 - 6-2 13-0 -U-6 12-8 9-4 11-6 23-3 8-6 291 7-4 3S-6 13-4 369 iO-6 11'14 10'09 32-1 6-8 10th August, 1884, to 27th September, 18S5, inclusive. a y 1 90-0 •i a. 5 Wind. Cloudiness to Tenths. Rain. Snow. Auroras > o S s £ •fc3 o 2 • o II S3 'S s a is Q ■D » ja u a .2 Q a §2 -•3 3 Q A Qj Si o □ a «r a •202 34-9 16'6 16 4 16-9 16-6 16 8 14-S 14-2 16'4 16-? 15 8 11-7 6'6 8-9 14'2 16-2 33- 1 42-5 7-8 f6-30 1^21 25-30 0-45 3 •186 •167 93-3 99-7 32-4 29 9 30 8 33 61-7 350 31-5 66-0 29 6 39-6 34-8 21-3 17-2 21^2 46-0 42-0 84-0 410 50 70^0 48-0 64-0 44-0 30 36 ?6 48 4 8 6 8-1 8-4 5-6 4 7 6-3 62 8-3 8-3 7 8 6-6 79-00 0-97 64-40 67-36 234-00 131-00 73-25 146-00 116 30 119 60 177-65 53-35 2-68 44-8 66-50 49-03 34-90 35 71 26 60 24-66 16-30 1-63 3 11 5 22 14 9 7 1 1 •147 •174 93-9 90 9 84-9 871 26-6 31-0 37-4 37-8 38-10 73-10 61-26 74-30 326 15 69-40 09 0-84 2 03 1-14 6-07 •226 •230 6 1,184-30 41-40 302-68 •188 92-6 32-6 32 '9 33-8 7-06 79 •189 900 44-0 34 8 7 7 0-18 5 17 8 Uc— '^i m Table III.— SKrNNEa's Covb— (ith Octobor, la84, Barometer at 3i° and Sea Level. ! Mean Temperature. UoDths. a s a 1 ■♦J m to J5 o O J) 1) be B Highest Obs. Lowest Oba. 1 e Mean ot ColJest Day. e 3 a '5 « a a> a a a "a ai a be a 1884. October ;9 616 30-248 28 956 1-292 25-73 37 11^0 35-2 160 29-60 26-65 3 92 November .... •7:5 •409 -74P 1 660 13 08 31-6 — 05 26 6 4 8 17-23 7 92 9 31 December •813 •486 722 1 764 - 3-20 15-2 -21-8 11 8 -16-8 2^10 — 7 20 9-eo 1885. Januaij •569 •393 -925 1-468 - 10-67 9 9 -27 8 5 4 -23 3 -3 39 - 17 15 13 76 February 30 048 •63329-363 1-269 92 30 •S -25-3 27 8 -21-3 10-60 - 6 80 17-30 March •J9 7S9 •363''. 8 655 1-708 1-106 - 2-78 19 17 180 39 -18-3 — 4 7 97 34-4 —12-1 - 10 6 76 28 CO - 9-60 12 60 16-36 April 849 •320 29-214 15 40 May 913 •620 •287 1-233 31^10 44-6 17 6 38 23^1 37^40 26 40 'iroo Juno 7-;o 769 •207 •252 •142 •087 1 065 1-165 38^70 46 20 67-0 77 25-6 31-0 56-6 69 291 390 44-90 64-10 32-60 38 7f 12-40 July 15-40 August 785 724 •350 •076 •286 •033 1-064 1-042 45 02 37-80 71-6 60-6 35 29-0 60-8 45-2 39 6 34-1 63^20 42-60 39-2( 33-40 14-00 September 9-20 29 773 30 632 8 655 1-977 20- 19 770 -27-8 60 8 23 3 26-90 14 60 12 3 NoTB — )fean Temperature (or October being for last 26 days of the month a correction of approxi- mate 0-7° should be added to the Uean for that month— g;ven above. r, 1684, a i-65 r 92 r 20 r 15 3 80 J -60 2 60 S 40 2-60 B 7f 9-2( 3 '40 1-60 3 92 9 31 960 13 76 17-30 16-26 15 40 11-00 12-40 15-40 14-00 9-20 12 3 85 toSIPt T)«f'>ml>or, 1885, Station " No. 2." o o > o S 9 •109 -063 -033 a u o ft Q Wind. 75-8 77-4 78-4 cf approxi- •035 •096 •144 •170 •240 •237 ■186 •117 85 84,4 81^0 73-8 77-9 76-8 78-0 80-4 19-2 7 3 7-6 6'8 15-4 25-7 30- 1 38 9 38-4 31-2 160 xt a, e 60- 40- 45- 60- 40- 40 • 30 • 45- 60- 40 • 40 • 60 • 4fl6 30 29-1 29-6 26 6 26-7 35^0 18-6 22^6 25-8 19^2 19^7 26-6 26^8 3 . u 7'60 9^36 7-76 8 04 5-65 10-20 7-18 9-23 9-22 6-96 6-80 8-83 8-07 a o> a a o a 509 6 03 3 83 3 76 5 10 4-70 6-30 6 79 6-89 6-12 6 63 7 07 5 61 Pain. z a ja CI o Snow. 19-30 02 o oe o Oi .a a 108-01 70-30 99 00 155 -.30 135-30 678-00 0-23 114 1-93 4 26 2-80 10-38 o 73 35 64 00 88 30 157 03 201-00 15800 14630 100 00 43-00 17 04 11-10 6 40 o o 43-00 1074-35 16 10 12-70 10 60 27-20 9 70 19 20 610 135-14 26 14 9 10 9 15 6 2 10 11 112 Tabli IV.— Aboe Inlet Station No. 3. — aths. Barometer at 32° and »ea leyel. Tempera Mo S O S .a tic 2 o S o 29-137 be 1 a * oi A o n ■a E 1 « g hJ Is n K n 18 Au|i^ a 55 « is 33 24 2 o (n E m _g .1 2 3 en .S u a .s ■a a. «< Q s 33 a i •a a Q n « .a u d d .a H. v Q a. < 3»'97 3207 7-90 13-1 ' 376 -75 27 •29 3 34 49 33 73 26 47 16 41 4 63 —14 61 —2262 -r3 97 -17-26 4-27 22-33 30-17 8 02 8 32 9-26 7-41 6-62 11-41 9 26 1217 8-26 7-30 124 16-e 17-3 111 12 5 12-2 13-6 16-7 169 137 12-8 15-1 218 327 49-2 31-3 3 60 43-2 31-7 38-3 36 7 26-0 34 363 340 450 68 40-0 48 48 46 44-0 60 48 400 42 80-2 76 8 78 9 852 67 7-2 80 45 3.3 68 43 73 8-1 7-3 7-0 36 7-2 •97 •18 685 860 1120 •90 180 16 80 3 60 34 32 23 95 9-00 11 8 6 12 13 83 -7-10 —1600 7 44 •02 •02 2 86 3-16 7-21 , • 15 8 7 2 —7 99 16-44 3069 92-4 93-2 90-8 87-1 86-3 83 37-47 46 89 36-01 9 88 44-76 36-08 968 896 70 •02 18-63 968 14 36 47 38 86-4 79-7 107-34 68 39-4 32'4 10-2 223 6-4 -01 -31 4 88 T.Aiir.E V. — Stitpart'h Bay, Station No. 4. Moatlis 1884. September . October November December 1885. Baruuioter at 3,'' ( Q a n If n n 'C o > s C a o ja a a o ♦* s a O i u a a 5 o a a 2 t a Q i u a a 5 • e a -< 35-3 28 '5 6-8 9-6 21 "i '0 8-4 7 8 7-7 6-3 70 1-44 2C 100 163 42 3-1 41-8 46-3 6-3 9 16 24-4 14 8 — I'l -17 1 9 6 121 9-3 11*7 11-6 7 1 22-8 40-0 19 9 36 49 40 ll'O 12 - 7-8 17 -18-6 —27-3 -10 4 -22-6 18-2 8 7 13-7 12-7 16 11-9 8-2 8-9 12-2 11-7 10-9 38 9 34-2 43-0 29-2 21 9 62 45 61 48 34 47 7-1 5-2 7-0 8-3 18 65 3 63 67 2-1 31-7 0-2 15-9 16 9 22 3-3 14 — 9-9 11 16-0 4 30-1 89 6 2 0-01 3 38*1 29 1 36-1 90 13-9 86-4 84-1 9-2 5 9 22 8 23-5 40 44 8 7 2 3 98 0-27 4-42 87 4-7 60-0 49*4 37-3 ia-1 85-6 8-1 9-8 13-0 24 7-6 63 3-00 • •••••••• 169 05 18-4 7-1 11-3 43-0 61 7-1 226 9*14 624 108 Months. Tadlb VI.— Pukt DiBouoiiiBVir.Li, Station No. 6. — 1884. September.. , October November December 1885. January Febraarj March April Maj Jane July „.... Auguit 23 , Year O m S t) 4* s o i ja s 31-20 24 8 39 16 00 — 9-8 31-2 521 —14 8 2S>-2 -15 52 —32-6 13 8 —26-29 —35 -10-8 — 5-43 —29 9 29-6 —18 69 — 30 1 — 7 6 6-74 —231 30-0 24-67 10 37 6 33-13 25 2 40-3 39 13 331 569 37-67 331 45 10-65 —35-0 66« Temperature 35 8 32 24 9 7-3 —137 28-4 —101 20-7 34-7 366 47-4 42-3 47-4 1 "8 B a a 8 i a n 2- S V i 26 33-26 29 19 - 2-7 18-96 12 60 - 7 2 10 05 - 1 08 -28 1 -1190 —19-50 -33 6 -22-59 -29-34 —24-5 •10 — 11 3« -246 —13-80 —23 80 -14-3 11-21 1-26 17-4 37 85 20-34 28-5 36-12 30 05 35-4 43-42 3613 30-7 40 30 85 55 —33 5 14-41 6 59 9 407 6 36 1113 7 60 675 11-40 1000 9-95 7 61 6-07 8-29 4-75 782 uta •141 •088 •052 •021 •(09 •037 •016 •060 •HI •137 •201 •199 •0896 tl iHt, SoptOK .884, to 2:ird AngiiMt, 1885. 9 407 6 36 1113 7 60 6 75 11-40 1000 9-95 7 61 6-07 8 39 4-75 ti t» z. •wm lb O 03 t a i 6. •3 •148 83 3 ■088 85 1 •052 84'6 •021 91-3 •(09 72 5 •037 90 4 •016 914 •060 91-6 •111 861 •137 723 •201 846 •199 886 •6896 8515 a o s > a m ai 27 6 89 128 103 2-6 108 — !68 67 -26 9 6-6 71 9-2 20-2 6S 47 82 211 106 28 3 109 34-5 IM 34 6 138 12-4 93 i Wind. lUio. Soo w. 1 1 2 I a < m * •« . I S3 1 tion in hours. li in inches. C a o XI .2 i •3 .s a J3 ■a Z JS a o2. ■ M* « .2F» M o 3 8- a a. 41 D3 £ W as Q Q Q Q 27-3 41. 34^ 9 3 7 4 2 3 •31 9^00 lll^50 •1 22 5 23 2 34 U 40- 31- 32 4'7 8 11 54 30 4230 10-7 22-5 13 27 8 32- 40- 38 61 11 7 1 55 6230 1-7 31 6 • ft* <••■• 9 i 25 8 27- 28- 32- 34^ 34- 45 6 9 77 70 6'8 7 3 2 18 6 9130 5 20 615 9 2 22 5 •7 26 '5 •2 23 6 19 8 35' 108 28- 79 bV 2-36 49 23^6 33 4 6 29 91- 3 76 386 20 66-3 m Tabi.b VII. — LAPERRiiiaE's Harbor— lit Ootober, 1884, Ifonths. 1881. October November December 1885. January February Marcb April May June July August II mo8. nearly Baroncler at 32" and eiea Level. C3 Ol 29*690 •670 •835 •654 30-000 29-779 •891 •913 •747 •627 •696 33-766 on o flO o m ■a a 4-> 30 395 39 019 •375 28 656 •36G 29-122 •270 •223 •639 •029 -248 •146 •355 •019 ■486 •358 •067 •290 -026 •186 29-911 •116 30-629 23 •666 a) 1 • 376 1-719 '• 244 1 047 1-600 1102 1-336 1-128 •777 -840 •795 1-873 Temperature. a cs 19-60 6-40 -13-66 -27 40 —6-01 -19-17 612 23-80 36-23 40-20 39-63 9 44 IB o i O OQ « o ij 1 S « OQ e ■»» ■4J 2 "3 o o . a a a a e eS o S3 B a .§ a a a 38 1-7 35-7 4-2 22-7 16-8 30-0 —13-6 18 8 —6-4 11-3 —-3 9 6 — 34-5 5-5 — 29-6 —10 —18-4 —8-0 —36 7 — 120 — 36 —23 6 —31-8 29 -31-2 20 —24-7 - 6 —13 9 -8-4 -32 -11-3 -27-8 —14-3 —23-9 25 6 -18-0 21-7 —15-2 12 — 0-4 35-e 92 33-3 14-9 29-2 18-4 42-6 22-6 36 b 27-1 38^1 29-2 62-2 30-9 63-3 34-5 48-2 34-7 60-8 32-1 61-8 34-6 46 5 36-2 60-8 —36-7 63-3 — 36 14-60 4-05 o bo a m OS 6-9 11-6 8-4 8 2 14-6 9 6 12-4 10-8 8 9 13-5 11-3 10-66 93 r, 1884, to 24lh Aagust, 1885, Station No. 6. Range. 16-8 6-9 -•3 11-6 18-4 8-4 31-8 8 2 }3 9 14-6 23-9 9 6 0-4 12-4 18-4 10-8 29-2 8 9 34-7 13-5 36-2 11-3 405 10-65 C3 O o. m o SI u a m n Oi l-l •104 •056 •032 •010 •036 •016 •061 ■124 •168 ■216 •224 •095 a •a 900 91-5 90-6 85 5 86 82 82-0 73 79 79 89 84 3 a "3 Q Wind. a Hi 162 16 6 11-2 126 14-1 11 8 14 9 14-2 113 HI 161 13 6 5 CI .a « 03 18-5 40 9 23-8 299 32 2 27 3 34 6 270 31-6 22-8 32-8 30-1 a m o o <-• in m 0) ■1 a 0. bo tia 480 60 60 -f 39 C 52 2 d6 6 41-4 36-6 32-4 37 8 39 6 44 Raia. Snc w. O 8-3 77 50 46 64 6-1 79 se 8-8 7-4 86 71 22 I- •— ( 8 30 11 ■a 03 O Q 41 44 45 10-30 9-301 12 36- 60 15 ll6-45i 28 1-58 2-09 6 97 1100 74-40 36 45 231 10 .2 a, Q 10-5 13-5 3-5 t 3 5 01 2-25 33-45 08 t~t O a < ta t^ OS Q ■.I o 6 2 7 IS 18 9 13 4 63 u Tablb VIII.— Abstract of Meteorological Observations at Fort Churchill, AngQst, 1885, Mouth. 18S4. October Norcmber December 1885. January Fsbrnaiy March April May Jnne > July August Sept. (estimated). be 2 Inches. 29931 29-890 ^^9991 29-799 29 961 30-056 29-958 29-964 29-893 29 611 29721 Barometer at 32«. Inches. 30 528 30' 600 30 609 30-368 30-441 30-600 30-390 30-403 30-228 29-933 30 225 Temperature. ft o Inches. 29-005 29-C30 28 800 29-191 29 211 29 386 28 998 29-407 29512 29-201 29-306 o bC B Inches. 1-523 1-470 1-709 1167 1-230 1-114 1-392 996 0-716 0-731 919 S 24-44 4-96 —16-45 -24-79 -16-61 -14 -S* 9 02 22-48 40-47 66-99 47-20 36-70 60 60-0 .34-0 29 - 40 120 16-0 34-0 44-0 75-0 84-0 68-0 o 4-0 —25-0 —37-0 —40-0 —40-0 —36 —16-0 — 80 28-0 36 37-0 giEs Is o 63 00 31-67 23 33 —6 67 6-33 —4-00 26 67 39-33 69-00 76-33 60 33 7-67 -21-33 -35 -67 —36-00 —34-00 —28-33 — 8-33 2-67 30-67 37-33 39-67 Mean temperature for year, 141°. rt Churchill, ^.agnst, 1885, tN OS S? ^1S 2 as si So XJ -•J 63 00 7-67 31-67 —21-33 23 33 -36 -67 6 67 6-33 —36-00 —34-00 -4-00 -28-33 :6 67 — 8-33 (9-33 2-67 i900 30-67 6-33 37-33 033 39-67 m SdnsiVe"*"'^^ ^^' ^^ ^'' ^"^"Situde 91«» 10' W., from October, 1884 to Wind. Rain. 1 . a 09 o n o 6 SB t 2 9 < o i 1 -i CO bi •a .a t» e 1 • Prevailing' Direction. .3 & JO -1 § 11 < m o • •so 2.3 s . .3S? a a 1 < DO Q 1 3 3 1 ->1 N.W 10,313 10,112 6,301 10,084 6,561 8,166 4,635 7,169 6,044 6,160 6,634 Uiles. 13-86 1605 8-47 13 55 9 75 10-98 6-76 9-91 7-01 8-28 8-64 Miles. 31-04 • 36-87 1671 30 42 32 67 31-38 28-45 33-17 14-08 20-42 17-00 Miles. 2-17 2-42 0-26 0-42 0-29 0-67 0-33 62 1-71 1-46 1-64 2-000 2 8 13 5 11 10 14 7 9 6 9 1 1 2 4 4 4 3 9 10 8 10 6 2 6 6-5 N.W., S W... 6-4 4-2 N.W N.W .«•.••..' N.W., S.B.... 3-9 4-8 2-9 4-3 6-6 6-7 7-4 N.W 1 N.E N.W., N.B... R 1 2 1 N.W., N.B... N.W., 8. N.W 0-74 3-07 1-89 6 14 15 1 7-2 1 m Table IX.— Abstract of Meteorological Observations at York Factory, H.B., of Tears, Months. October November December January February March April May Juao ■ July August September.. Year Barometer P to a o inches. 59-910 29941 29 915 30 008 29 926 30 164 30 036 29962 29942 29 876 29867 29 910 29 957 Temperature. 9 to a o a 27-60 7 46 1323 —20 74 14-26 — 6-48 + 1936 35-86 5364 63-30 6391 42-33 20 73 Average of High- est Te m pera- turei. ATerage of Low- est Temp e ra- tures. a 1 a 1 o o 451 61 40-0 66 34-3 —24 8 69 1 38 18-2 -34 9 63-1 29 7-3 —45-3 62-6 266 19 2 —42 61-2 440 31-9 —33-1 65 400 47 6 —161 63-6 640 73-5 2 9 70 6 820 93 27 9 65-1 101-0 98 5 40 9 67-6 106 86-1 36-4 49-7 95 68'4 30-4 —45-3 380 830 93-5 143 8 1060 •c 03 o ■J — 20 —400 -50-5 —610 —53 —480 -22-6 -156 32 370 29 24 —530 97 ^'actory, H.B., of Years, 09 •c m a ♦J Q> in ^ v tc ^ e o ■J 56 380 29 26 6 410 40-0 54-0 820 101-0 106 93 830 060 — 20 —400 —50-5 —510 —53 —480 -22-5 -155 32 370 290 24 —530 \mX i^sa"""- ''° '''• °°'«^' "«" «»' I-"'' « f-'. D^nved from . g„„p Wind. a O ;> o S-i3 N.W.4N.E N.W., S.W., N.W N. * N.W... N.E. AS.E... N.E N.B N.N.E N.V.W N., S.W N.E., N.W... N.W., N.E... N.W., N.E. S • 9 217 9-420 8-497 8-953 8-797 9-603 8-410 S'397 8 617 8-776 9-665 8-603 12-38 13-08 11 64 1204 13 04 12 92 11 67 12-62 1196 1192 12-87 1196 12 33 S o a o I*- en a 94 92 85 91 85 80 88 90 83 77 87 84 86 « •3 a o o c a o o a 0—10 67 5-4 6-5 37 43 41 4-8 6-0 4-2 4-4 47 46 4-7 Rflin. a s o a iachea. 1 22 03 00 000 0-00 00 0-12 2-34 3-40 7-69 6-47 3-83 2510 o ID Q 2 1 I 4 8 10 10 8 44 Saow. O a iacbes. 91 16-1 11-3 7-1 45 7-3 4 8 9 2 08 I 0-9 70 1 o m Q 12 14 16 12 10 13 6 6 2 S) o o 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 3 4{ 2 95 37 e 8 9 10 12 11 12 9 6 3 3 S 8 97 llc~7 Tablv X.— Table showing number of hoars of Snow observed at Hadson Straits Stations and at Belle iHle lelaad Lighthouse. Months. 18S4. August September October November December 1885. Janunry February March , April May June July August Beptember ., uer'sCove, chrak. Burwell. a 1 09 DeBoucber- le, Notting- D Island. i •g ■J o on 3 |v-^ s CO a. 25 •< GO a. eu — 6( 104 26 9 — 73 67 160 100 lil 44 64 234 253 163 61 44 88 131 60 42 42 10 167 73 36 18 1 201 146 200 65 62 9 158 116 93 3 146 119 236 63 92 11 100 177 172 67 5 27 43 63 100 87 6 36 4 43 41 — _ 24 78 82 44 76 62 30 119 19 53 The — — wren entered in the tables signifies that there were no observations at the stations during the month, or that the observations were for a broken period. Table XL — Fog Comparison. Months. 1 a !■» CO t» o Is Cb JH * 11 hours. 48 kthc Inlet 1 a m Nottingham Is- land, Port De- Boucherville 00 J as i5^ 1 a 5 4> 2 CQ Aucrust 1884. hours hours. i month 16 hours. 48 hours. 28 12 hours. I4 hours. 8 hours. 184 September 76 October 60 November 66 December.. January ..■ 1885. 24*" 8**" 8 '4" 24" 124 224 116 • ■••• •••••• 64 96 Februarv 20 4 4 8 20"" 8 40 120 1 18 days. 32 72 March 32: April 12 32" 152 220 20 days 33 72 May 8 16 32 32 152 June 36 92 100 136 32 100 148 88 1 12 132 162 248 July August September „ 288 171 40 The above table gives the actual number of hours of Fog observed at the Hudson's Bay and Straits Stations, and at Belle Isle Lighthouse The entries for Ashe Inlet, in August, 1884,;cover only the last half of the month ; those for Stupart's Bay, in August, 1885, only include the period from the Istto aoth of the month ; and those for Ashe Inlet, September, 1885, only include from the Ist to the 18th o£ the month. Ai Se 0< Nc De Ja Fe Me Al Mc Ju Ju Al pe It dson Straits e •« u Lt s. V « ij 1-4 o s « cu CO — 24 44 78 44 82 10 44 76 9 62 30 11 11» 27 19 36 63 ~— itations during V .a u 5 u, c a A « O GQ )urB. hours. _ 184 _ 76 8 60 66 64 •«•••* 96 • *«M** 72 32 72 8 162 16 248 32 288 32 171 — 40 ay and Straits ir only the last rom the let to to the 18th oC ^'^^K!f«l^'~?^'''^i°'!^B n"'?*',®'' "'^'^^y" •" ®**'** ™onth on which the wind reached the force of a gale at Belle Isle and at the Stations in Hudson's Straits, 1884 8j Month. 1884. Auj^UBt September October [ NoTember December 1886. January February „ March April May June , July M August , Sum for year, September to August 5 10 10 7 8 15 1 7 6 2 3 1 69 o P4 4 4 2 4 1 18 i> o « <■ fc a a M 09 26 llmos. 85.2 180 y 2 6 60 6 1 8-84 186 8 6 12 80 1 6 00 180 19 8 13-64 2 300 186 19 4 19 00 1 1800 186 38 5 30-40 1 16 00 168 41 1 18 00 5 10-20 186 23 4 31-25 1 3-00 180 8 '' 9-45 3 4-33 186 11 3 10 33 — — 180 16 6 9 67 — — 18G 61 2 9-00 » 10-00 186 29 4 11-76 2 1300 21S0 282 55 14-82 23 8 70 N.E. .a O 31 4 3 16 7 29 11 13 11 12 2 8 HI u "v 13-81 11-50 14-00 1500 26-86 21-00 21-81 20-31 11-27 12-17 10 00 12-00 16-62 B.N.E. a o 6 8 1 18 30 23 4 118 01 •s > d o I' 5 o 1 I d o * o o § ■s > O '3 o "3 > a * (-> S 3. a 'Z t> U S! .a o "3 o "3 § k« m o '3 "a! 1 36 00 2 8 00 4 9-25 i 11 12-18 6 14-20 18 18 88 81 16 76 23 18 7.' 14 loai 4 7'7S 5 20 OJ 12 13 60 35 19 03 8 20 63 17 19 00 16 24 44 31 22-32 6 17 33 6 7-80 8 18 00 10 17 00 48 24 06 3 1600 14 16-07 3 16 00 23 16 52 12 1658 1 19 00 12 14 08 18 15 06 68 21-76 7 21 00 15 1847 6 13-00 4 15-76 2 28 50 1 9-00 18 9 94 23 13-42 63 23-08 1 31-00 7 17-28 1 2 10-40 4 16-25 1 28 00 4 476 22 1100 9 15-00 12 14-76 2 2000 3 16-33 1 6 00 — ^— • 1 12-00 2 7-00 13 11-31 21 17 38 56 ai-94 p 24 22 11 18-65 3 8 00 4 34-60 9 16 22 1 300 6 8-83 10 16-20 31 1761 15 16 26 3 1100 ( i 16 88 8 1162 6 9 40 3 13-66 3 8-33 6 21*20 33 1812 14 24 43 16 15-60 i; ! 14-92 8 12-25 8 8-76 a 4'(0 3 1000 2 9-60 21 10-67 20 16 40 18 13 77 15 ! 14 21 2 16-50 7 7-29 V 5 23 8 3 89 7 656 18 10 89 6 9-67 6 6-50 I I 3-6t> 1 10 00 2 10 00 7 9 57 10 108 6 30 12 133 625 25 421 800 11 101 1018 8 136 1225 4 13-26 3 113 10 00 7 74 10 00 48 9-31 1110 13 9C 15-72 17 85 16 32 86 14-32 14-86 1270 102 Table XIV.— Asm Inlet, Station "No. S," Montha. 1884. September October....... Noreniber December 1885. January.. February.. March » ApriL May June July .^ AugUBt..M Ywr a o at O o N. m a '* o a .2 *^ it v. ii x> O u o 180 186 180 18C 22 20 19 24 186i 27 166 186 180 186 18( 186 186 2190 32 35 20 16 9 20 9 253 28 37 29 25 30 16 14 11 7 1 2 4 207 10-01 16-65 14-86 11-00 N.N.B. 8 9 14 17 5-63 6-05 6-89 8-00 8-67 4-00 7-OC «-76 10-52 N.B. CI 7-96 11-22 17-14 7-00 14 4 3 5 4 1 79 B.N.E. 11-71 12-50 5-66 10-00 8-26 6-00 10-68 16 16 39 8 3 9 6 5 4 1 112 6-94 12-69 15-49 7-25 6-60 8-88 8-83 12-8* 14-00 6-00 9-67 11-66 13-50 8-75 10-00 6-00 21-55 30-10 11-33 1600 16-50 16-29 i hi V o 9 2 4 6 8 19 4 30 33 22 37 70 o "3 E.S.E. a o -3 14- 6( 7 00 19-60 8-40 16-63 19-96 6-76 26-60 24-70 12-27 18-81 23-33 at3 20-33 25 4 16 14 17 41 16 149 S.E. o 13-33 900 14 00 12-60 d o •a « I O 26 34 31 30-72 13-76 16-19 13-07 12-18 16-84 8-S3 16-47 u o 21-ia 22-97 30-86 10 16 9 11 [6 24 S6 12 212 12-60 13-46 10-88 20-65 14-83 8-93 9-00 6-60 16-97 g « fc J 10 6 2 3 13 3 4 3 a 47 m n «• No. 3," Toar, Ut Soptombor,]1884, to SUt Augunt, 1885. S.B. a n ► J o o t* 26 34 31 21-12 22-97 30-86 10 16 9 » 11 !6 24 «5 12 212 12-60 13-46 10-88 20-65 14-83 8-93 9-06 6-60 16-97 SS.B. S. S.8.W. S.W. W.S.W. W. W.N.W. N.W. N.N.W. 1 o •c •1 i •a <■ 1 o 2 11 2 6 1 2 3 2 « 6 3 1 43 « i o 1 1 1 a o e o « 11 f/) .a O 1 2 10 4 1 3 1 3 16 S 38 It > § a s V J o 2 1 1 7 fi 3 6 6 30 1 > d ,2 *^ m V • o .a O 2 7 3 7 18 2 10 24 21 26 8 15 138 1 "aJ a 2 •-• £ O 2 6 2 12 U 2 13 3 20 26 5 14 119 1 *> e I- k« 11 o 29 13 9 61 68 17 46 41 30 22 28 21 376 -c o § « -3 O 24 9 8 19 12 5 13 7 3 3 4 2 4 10 6 2 3 13 a 4 a 2 16-26 19-20 38-80 7-00 13-66 19-70 10 60 10-00 6-00 4-00 1300 20-6t 10-60 9-20 400 7' 90 io-e« 12-60 9-83 6-00 6-33 4-M 4-00 4-00 6 '00 7-00 I -00 7-60 12-90 6-60 4-00 14-00 12-00 10-00 7-90 6-00 17-50 34-00 1000 13-57 8-60 11-00 13-60 8-00 9-00 10-67 15-00 10-72 25 00 7-60 16-50 12-25 19 90 20-65 11-26 16-33 32-00 18-00 25-00 17-76 U-78 10-00 16-60 16-66 18-85 20-73 17-80 15-78 18-62 22-69 17-22 18-08 18-45 11-30 23-37 21-64 16-13 18-18 13-43 12-38 13-33 18-22 15-88 9-35 8-68 7 00 1(5-07 13-29 8-0O 13-66 10-2S 9-«e 47 17-66 11-66 6 6-40 918 12-18 18 00 18-14 18-24 109 12-41 m Taxilx XV. — Stci-art's Bav, Station No. 4.— Ui\ September . October NoTember.. December . . Montbt. 1884. 1885. JanuHry February March ipril MV June July August (20 dikjt).. I o 9i Tear. 180 186 180 186 186 168 186 180 186 180 186 120 2,124 -3 u d is 20 11 22 3S 37 46 34 31 17 66 32 863 6 o •3 O 43 6 3 6 1 » 3 U 33 36 13 13 167 ^H^HIH-^BB! N. li 23 7-80 12-60 5-83 20 00 10-44 11 33 11-07 11-78 8-28 10-77 »-67 19-46 N.B. t 12 1 13 18 28 3 4 76 9-83 14-00 1-00 8-00 11-23 8-44 7-60 10 00 TOO 8-61 o No. 4.— N.B. ■3 0-83 14-00 1-00 8-00 11-33 8-44 7'60 10-00 T-00 8-81 105 l-tt Soptombjr, 1881, to 20th AiiKUHt, 1833. d o •s « t 24 16 14 4 27 16 26 23 25 30 305 10 08 14 56 29 36 7 60 B.R. a o •a > XI O 6 IS 6 19-93 13-63 1273 683 5 34 9-70 IS 60 9 1 5 5 12 9 6 73 ^ % 4-00 10 20 10-50 15-65 9 00 10 60 6-60 4 75 2-33 4-20 7 94 I O 10 6 1 6 7 8 1 3 10 8 69 H. u o 11-20 10 30 400 4 60 9-14 7-18 200 300 3-10 300 668 S.W 7 5 10 6 3 14 16 10 9 13 3 94 •3 o 9-10 16 60 7 30 9 80 533 11-86 706 1230 4-22 8 67 600 10 08 W. a o •o u 60 67 63 89 16 59 28 35 19 25 26 488 V 10-63 9-16 8-40 7 92 810 8-19 9 41 9 08 12-66 14-63 7-63 12 62 934 S.W. a o •3 m > IM Jd o 65 70 67 66 54 51 68 69 51 46 33 10 620 u 12-65 1763 16 60 13-72 18 62 13-41 32-30 20-53 13-94 14 80 19-74 11-70 1626 106 Table XVI. — Port Dk Bououbbvillb, Station No. 6 Months. 1884. September. October. ..., Neyember.,., December..., 1885. January February .... March April. May June July August Year XI o 180 186 180 186 186 168 186 180 186 166 186 132 2122 n a t3 16 21 39 84 107 29 87 44 28 2 6 6 466 a o o 4 27 7 1 17 10 12 14 19 4 1 116 u o 8-00 13-63 14-58 21-00 7-42 11-30 10-83 13 07 10 -00 7-60 4-00 11-19 N.N.B. d o * > m o o 13 893 4 6-26 3 10-00 2 10-60 7 7-00 3 13-33 10 9-60 9 6-66 11 10-18 6 10 00 2 12-00 69 8-97 Xi O 42 12 28 6 25 8 14 34 28 36 30 263 E. B.N.B. o a 2 OS u 1 'S o « > 8-40 1 23-00 11*17 ■ •• 16-36 • •* 1317 • •• 14-08 2 31-00 9-88 • •• • ••••MM 13 21 • •• 11-35 2 21-00 S-28 • •• 11-14 1 4-00 12-46 • •• 11-60 6 21-83 o o Xt O 7 16 8 4 1 20 6 7 10 10 17 17 123 o 19-00 12-62 24-63 10-00 700 20-95 784 11-00 10-90 4-00 4-77 11-88 13-77 E.S.B. u o 8-60 14-00 4-00 S.B. 14-33 4-00 3-33 12-60 9-66 6-50 22-60 6-54 9-25 1-60 14-60 9 33 10-66 6-40 «-8< :o-25 10-66 a o 0) Xi o June fourteen obserrations misaed. August obserrations to 22nd only. 107 Station No. 6 .S.B. S.B. a o ts m >% > w u o S o « XI « > O > 8-50 2 6-50 14-00 4 22-60 13 6-54 4-00 12 9-25 2 1-50 3 14 60 •#••»••• ... 6 9 33 14-33 2 10-66 4-00 6 6-40 3-3a 14 <-8< 12-60 4 :o-25 9K 67 10-55 —let September, 1884, to 22nd August, 1885. S.S.E. s '•.^ as > It en O 7 6 11 2 2 6 6 13 18 a o t>f. -.^3 « ^ >• o b o « V 7 72 12-40 17 09 12-60 14-00 19-00 7-83 11-00 9-23 7-17 7 12-86 78 a.s.w. •i 11 3 4 14 4 10-89 42 o 13-00 4 00 b.W. w.s.w. 11-60 9-60 16-82 16-33 13-60 11-00 16-86 13-21 27 11 29 34 61 28 34 42 27 36 66 44 418 111 8-78 11-34 13-31 12-64 16-66 9 76 13 35 10-33 16-70 18-33 16-60 14-13 O 4 6 2 11 2 6 2 2 13-73 35 o 7 25 16'50 8-00 12-64 20 50 8-50 18 50 10 60 12-20 W. 26 27 22 27 19 15 24 21 26 19 6 9 o w.y.w 241 9-77 12-36 8-27 6 63 706 6-94 11-28 9-91 13 -SO 16-26 14-17 14-00 17-00 4-40 4-66 10-47 27 2-75 23-00 12-20 14-76 6-00 14-00 9-66 146 K.W. 2t> 41 14 2 11 7 2 17 14 7 4 11-69 7-58 8-43 7-00 10-91 11-16 6-00 11-88 7-79 17-00 21 ■76 N.N.W. d o * t«. ► o OQ -2 O t> ••t ... ■•••••••• 8-81 14-00 8-00 7-50 3 00 8-00 103 Table XVII. — jPort LapibriIibi, Station No. 6. — a .2 > 1 o S o N. N.N.K. N.B. B.N.B. E. E.S.K. 8. B. Months. n o '♦3 V •It O o o c3 o > u 'C o a o v> OS u (£ di n — s •3 o I a .2 (-1 1 O <-• •s "3 a o '■5 « > 4) m .a O S o e 2 D S a o % > u 0.) m O '3 o (— » 0) > 1884. October 186 9 4 13-25 2 1200 3 17 00 2 10-00 16 13-00 6 20 80 29 21-20 Nftvpmber 180 186 8 9 4 2 14 00 12 00 10 5 15-20 13-40 15 17 22-20 13-35 12 11 23-59 16 82 6 6 7-50 1680 9 2 19 33 4-60 25 36 20-76 December 6 86 1885. January 186 19 4 7-25 3 600 6 7-60 4 10-60 3 6-66 29 7-72 February 168 19 7 986 4 15-60 7 22-14 31 20-77 12 19-17 18 19-22 14 12-36 March ^ 186 17 5 lU-20 8 18-13 3 19-67 1 10 00 14 18-79 1 3-00 11 909 April 180 7 9 20-33 6 16-67 11 817 4 17-50 15 2287 ... 1 20-00 May 186 180 186 22 10 10 16 22 7 14-66 9-86 12-29 2 9 2 9 00 10 33 400 4 9 3 17-25 10 88 6 00 16 15 2 12-66 16-00 16-60 33 21 9 18-39 20-48 18-78 6 1 6 12-20 6-00 20-83 6 3 6 14-60 June 12-66 July 1617 Auirnfit 186 2010 6 136 16 95 14-73 4 66 20-50 1 79 8 00 2 100 16-00 19 160 25-68 2 62 8 00 14 173 13-67 Year •• 13-34 13-36 14-60 17-48 1914 17 98 13-28 s.s § •a at t a m o 8 6 27 47 20 47 24 3 8 206 109 Jtation No. G,— S.R. I leven months, Ut October. 1884. to 3l8t August, 1885. S.B. o 20 80 29 O 19 33 4-60 6 66 9-22 S'OO 2-20 6-00 5-83 9 00 r98 25 36 29 14 II I 6 3 6 14 173 21-20 20-76 6 86 7-72 12-36 9-09 20-00 14-60 12-66 15-17 13-67 13-28 no Tablb XVIII. — Tab!e showing the Mean Temperatare of the Air at Frederikshaab, in Greenland, taken from Mean of Observation, at 7a.m. and 6 p.m., as published in Part I of " C!ontribationB to Arctic Meteorology," issued by the British Meteoro- logical Council . Observations taken by Mr. F. F. Barfoed . Year. 1666.. 185'/.. 1858.. 1859.. I860.. Means . a at 190 12-7 11-6 12-9 14-0? 6-8 19-35 16'00 20 '30 15-61 206 26'3 16-7 16-6 -J-76 28'9 30 7 29-9 '25-9 28-85 a 36-6 33-6 36-0 36 3 36-3 a a 41 "4 39 5 390 42-3 40-66 a 42-6 43-8 41-0 41-3 42-9 43'6 41-4 38'2 41-0 e a CQ 39-7 39-6 36-6 37-6 38-5 38-16 © u O 28-6 27-3 29-6 30-6 28-6 28-88 u « o 33-3 21-0 26-3 23-1 26-06 8 « 23-9 15-4 16-7 21-4 19-1 Mean of year from above table is 29- 18. Table XIX. — Moan daily Temper.aturo of Sea Water at the surface, with corres- ponding position of Ship. Position. Date. a. a Months. t-2 s- Lat. N. LonK . W. m > J May 27... Left Halifax. 44 59 61 09 do 28... 43-8 do 29... 38 8 47 01 59 34 do 30... 35-3 49 03 58 55 do 31... 31 50 16 68 42 June 1... 31-8 do 2... 358 [•BlancSablon. do 3... 353 do 4... 31 8 51 48 55 48 do 5... 321 6i 59 54 42 do 6... 310 55 01 54 56 do 7... 36 8 55 58 5f5 11 do 8... 375 57 43 67 27 do 9... 36-1 68 42 fi8 54 do 10... 31 68 49 60 \i do 11... 309 58 45 60 39 do 12... 30 7 59 18 60 47 do 13... 312 60 30 61 6 do 14... 30 8 60 4i 62 1 do 15... 31 5 61 36 62 29 do 16... 29 8 61 li 64 40 Date. Months, June 17. do 18. do do do do do do do do do do do do July do do do do do do 19... 20... 2i. . 22.. 23... 21... 25... 26... 27... 28... 29.. 30.., 1... 2 ., 3,., 4 . 5 . 6. 7.. a 03 o a 29 8 30 n 33 Position. Ut N. Long. W. t . « ' 61 8 66 32 61 12 65 24 61 8 66 56 61 14 66 18 61 16 66 26 61 14 65 35 61 21 66 26 61 22 65 45 61 19 65 37 61 20 65 24 61 20 65 29 61 17 65 3 61 8 64 33 61 14 64 64 61 16i 64 64A 61 15 64 27 61 7 64 37 61 11 64 42 61 15 64 38 61 15 64 37 61 I 63 20 rederikshaab, , as published ■itish Meteoro- ber. t* M a a Si r> o o 9ES Q 3-6 33-3 23-9 7-3 21-0 15-4 9-6 26-3 16 7 0-6 23-1 21 i 8-6 • • •88 26-06 19 1 , with corres- sition. Long. W. 66 32 65 24 66 56 66 IS 66 26 65 35 66 26 65 45 65 37 65 24 66 29 65 2 64 33 64 64 64 64^ 64 27 64 27 61 43 64 38 64 37 6J 20 111 Tablb XIX. — Mean daily Temperature of Sea Water, &c. — Concluded. Date. Months. July do do do do do do do do do do do do do du do do do do do do do do do Aug. do do do do do do do do 8... 9... 10... 11... 12... 13... 14.. 16... 16... 17... 18... 19... 20... 21... 22... 23... 24... 25... 26... 27... 28... 29... 30... 31... 1... 2... 3... 4... 6... 6... 7... 8... 9... do 10... do 11... do 12... do 13... do 14... do 16... do 16... do 17... do 18... do 19... do 20... do 21... do 22... do 23... do 24... do 25... do 26... do 27... do 28... B :g 36 6 37 6 40-8 40 6 46'6 48-7 49.4 63 8 600 521 61-8 60'7 41-6 34-2 36-2 307 32 31-4 31-3 310 311 33 6 30-8 34' 2 306 299 298 29 9 30 30-3 300 299 29 8 367 36 7 35 9 34-6 350 348 35-6 33-7 Position. Lat. N. Long. W. 60 66 59 20 67 46 56 2 53 23 52 22 50 55 48 21 61 41 69 59 68 61 56 40 55 17 54 64 £3 47 52 38 •In St. Johns, Nfld. 49 9 61 29 64 6 66 21 68 48 69 10 60 32 60 24 In Burwell. 60 36 61 23 61 17 61 46 61 46 62 00 64 48 65 29 66 46 68 04 68 16 63 36 63 45 72 7 52 57 64 36 66 8 59 22 10' off shore. 63 16 64 30 64 46 62 07 Oflf Ashe Inlet. Drifted 18' west. Ship a litt'e farther west. 62 37 71 34 63 00 71 27 7' west of Bluff. 14' do 42 47 71 17 20' farther west. 60 69 Noon in Stupart's Bay. 62 60 74 6 OffS.B. part of Nottingham. Diggs. In Port Laperri6re. J Date. Months. Aug. 29... do 30... do 31... Sept do do do do do do do do do do 1... 2... 3... 4... 6... 6... 7... 8... 9... do 10... do 11... do 12... do 13... do 14... do 15... do 16... do 17... do 18... to 19... 20... do 21.. do 22.. do 23.. do 24.. do 25.. do 26.. do 27... do 28... do 29... do 30... 1... 2... 3... 4... 5.. 6... 7... 8... 9... 10... 11... Oct. do do do do do do do do do do do 12... do 13... do 14,.. do 15... do 16... do 17... do 18... 38-8 387 38-7 428 44-5 43-6 45 43 7 44-8 39 9 38 3 .38-4 401 41-6 37-6 32-5 318 342 33-3 36 2 33 320 33 8 38-7 33 5 31-0 31-7 31 6 31 4 31-7 30-6 33-4 32-2 326 322 31 9 31-1 31 -e 31 6 31-2 320 32-8 33 6 36 8 36-7 40 4 44 6 46 9 49-4 51-3 Position. Lat. N. Long. W. 61 21 CO 40 59 58 Off Churchill. 80 62 85 2 90 40 } In Churchill Harbor. 69 12 59 23 69 12 69 48 59 48 62 00 93 32 88 34 83 36 81 20 80 10 78 6? In Laperriire's Harbor. P.M. left Diggs. A.M. at Nottingham, lat. 63* 11' i long 76" 20'. In Ashe Inlet. Off Stuparts Bay. ■ In Stupart's Bay. 61 60 61 61 60 29 63 2 1 30 70 66 64 63 64 21 37 41 50 4 In Port Burwell. In Nachvak. 58 4 55 17 62 27 5C 12 49 14 In St. Johns. 47 11 45 43 Cranberry Island, N. J W. 5'. Halifax. 69 48 56 64 53 40 62 2 61 34 62 42 57 14 112 TABLE XX. Wksklt BtisnltB of Meteorological Observationa taken on board DominioD Steamer "Alert," 1886. Barometer at 32°. Temperature. i tc II Week ending 1 C o si Highest Lowest. Range Mean. Max. Min. Range 29-839 U n Jane 3 » 30 186 -347 40-62 60? 31-9 18 8 2 4 do 10 •068 29 897 •887 30 282 •405 •136 •428 -459 •663 •762 •469 •823 3612 34 00 33 55 34 88 43 42-6 42-1 40 8 30-2 30 6 27-0 301 12 8 120 14-1 10-7 4 8 40 18 6 16 12 8 74 do 17 6 do 24 July 1 6 do 8 •131 •117 29 989 30361 -006 •749 •139 -457 -856 -152 K -382 -978 •632 -505 •856 36-69 48 05 62 70 4567 36-75 43 6 62 8 68-7 60 430 310 386 40-5 312 31-3 12'6 24-3 28 2 28-8 117 4 24 6) 23 40 a do 15 3 Aug. 1 14 do 8 do 15 4 do 23., 29-982 •379 •603 3681 43 32-9 11-1 16 8 do 29 30 05G •078 •263 ■205 -885 •465 •827 •747 •171 •613 -426 •468 40 24 41-94 40 12 33 -to 671 48 46 39 34 37-2 34 31 6 171 10-8 12 80 4 4 4 16 12 Sept. 6 A do 12 16 do 19 40 QO aO •••*••••• •••••• •••••••••••■•• *(••••••! •206 -034 1171 32-49 39-8 210 18-8 66 60 Oct. 3 •182 •418 •342 28 966 -840 1462 3306 32 70 460 370 29-3 300 16'7 7-0 16 40 • ••• S2 •do 10 M 32 do 17 •411 •728 l-€83 41-75 540 34-0 200 32 92 SeMOQ 30-418 28 728 1-690 687 210 47-7 226 248 482 linioD Steamer o o En 2 a o o W W 1 40 7 18 5 ..., 2 8 16 12 8 24 6) a a 4 74 8 6 3 2 14 23 40 4 161 8 4 8 IS 16 fi6 16 40 32 12 40 ...J GO 92 32 92 226 348 I 482 I I I i K '^■^. 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