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BartlioLotivtrw. J-idinI" ifi^it ilMMM MEM 1 " é^ * ê «.V ll> cm fcninouiirl '--) « AN ft ITS S C K X J<: I ^ Y / OURISTS AND AnGLERS' LuIDE .■p I'o Tin: Province of New Brunswick. By JNO. K. HAMILTON .Saint ;inhn, M. U. : J. .t A. M'MILLAN, PRINTERS, PRIXrE ^VILLIAM STREET. 1874. PC MO .3 H3 rKEFATORY 1 iiwi; eii(li;i\(iit(l to j)i-f>tiit in a^i ('()ii('i-.(' .1 maiiiifr as p(»ssiblt' all I. he iiilMniiaiioii ni'i-cs.-ar_\ lo oiial)lc llie visitor to New Bninswiek, whether he ciiiiK' ill the ))iiiv-uil nl' jth-asiirc or biisiiii'-s, lo ])ass the time of hiK sojoiiriiiun' ill a ideas-aiit ami pi'olitahU' iiianiicr. Ill the historical section of this work some lew uniiiijiortant errorw jnay have crei»! in: it could not well be otherwise, as a reliable history oC tlie Provincr has never betMi ]»ublishe(l. and any iiil'oriuiit ion regarding it can 111' obtaiut'd oiil\ ill Homéopathie doses and at rare intervals. 'I'he statisH- cal |(or!ion, however, mav be relied upon as correct, 'i'he information coiitaiiied ill liie descriptive portion was obtained fn^n personal (jbH<'rvat ion atul eihpiirv. supplemented by (piotat ions from reliable authors, anrl has at least one charaet eristic to recommend it, if no other, tluit of truthfulness. 'J"he Index has been ><> arranged lliat the information upon any subject (•(lutaiiicd in the book may be readily found. As there is no soul so depraved and vile as to be utterly devoid oi beauty and 110 exterior so fair but smni' deformity lurk- within, so with this little book : theretore Deal gently with us. \c ulio rea burden from any son of Adam, the publication of Ni;w IhMXswK k and its Srr.Ni.KV will not b« I'egretted by I'm: .\iTU()K. N\i\r,|oii\. \. I!.. August I. \s~4. Landry 44 KING STREET, & Me UARTHY, P . SAINT JOHN, N. B„ (il'.NKKAI. AOTATS lOli l'Ili; ( II.Klil.'AI'l.li P»U. tsfl E— < a_3 S^ aj3 .p. * ^ o o Ci 'Si o o £ o u tr. 0) O -as •;r 7 Call and jee them, oi' send for our •y -rf y /fi-r^ 71 /71 -7,1 ■ r , /i n vfi n •:(• r 1 -m •y i- -m >u 4L> O ^ Xk at il a'. 4U 4j ^i il ^i itli iU 4|>.' <> i;.'' > SOLK AUENTS FOK THK CELEBHATKJ) OF HALLET, DAVIS «fc Co., and GUILD, CHURCH cÉ: Cq. PKONOUNCED Hï Tin: I.KADINd^ MITSICIANS of Europe and America AS S^AVJMIi M© âîi)3PiK](E)W In -îîj® W(Ê)tFliD< INDEX OF CiONTENTS. t a. k I'ACiKS AC'ADIK, îM;} Attempts to Colonize, l.">, !.'>, \*.)/A'2 iioimdiiries of, ('eded to Eiifjjhmd, Discovery oC, ... Division of. Exj)editions IVoni Xew l*]ni;liui(l, (lOveniiiuMits Formed, (iriUilcd to DeMoiits, •j<) ! . .'.'. .'.'. Il I . ... •_'(), 4.-; lM. 2.!, -'4, -T)! ;",(), ;;,"), 4(i, 4-j •J'.i. 41 «1. 14 " sir Will. Alexander, I'.t Name, Origin of *.• Restored to France, ... "JO, 22, L'.". Removal of tile .\cadiens, .. :'.."> Surrendered to England, 41 M AI SE - Calais I.".:; East port i:5l,i;}4 Ilonlton, l.T), 1;'>(» Princeton, Rohbinslown. Vanceboro'. i:u \:V2 l.T) NEW imUNSWICK — .Agricultural Capabilities, " Societies, .. Andover Area, liat hurst Bays, '• Chaleur, ... " Cumberland. '2-',, ,'5:5. 42, ^^2 " Fundy " I'assannui loddv '• Verte " lioundaries, | }:^o-i:.^;',4,, i;,^ , Boundary Disputes .")(>' Cami)belUoii, l.')."» Chatham, l.')!» ; Climate .V.Mili i Confederation, .")! ' .V.» l;i7 ' i;i, a;}, irc' 14, .■)-'. I'Jii 1), It». i;5i n'.\ ■A2, W2, Dalhousie, FISHING, i")!.', 7»>, 71, 113, lie, 117, 131, i:;4-i:{t'., l.'fU- 14'.>, 145, 14(5, ! 150-ir)2, l.V), If)!') Forests and Streams, r>4, I. "it). I'W I'AOKS FREDEKICTON-Climate. (i'J 1 141,142, 14.-), Communications. | !.')(). lot» Fredericton Descriptive. 142 144 Historical, 24,.'{r).4;i,44 Fredericton Junction, 142, ITUt (leographical, .')2 Grand Falls. Nepi^siguit '. -- .-, River ! '' '■ - Hampton, l.V) Indians, 71 74, 1.37 " Names, U-ll, IT), l.'IU, l:;2, l.'JS Jemseg, 24, 4;5, 14;) 1 .VJ, (>3 C);-!. i;!0, !;!2, Lumbering, \ VX\, 134, 13r). 137. I i44,iôo,i:)i,ir)2,ir)3 Mc.Vdam Junction, l.'>."), IfiC) i\Iagaguadavic Falls. ... U7, 13(» Miramichi Fire 44 MiHtowii, 134 Monclon, .')."), ir)4 Newcastle, 4*,», 1;"S(» Gromocto, 4."», 14.") PIIOTOl GRAPHS Gn'.nd Falls, Nepissignit River, â7 Green Head, St. John River, Harbour of St. .lohn Howe's Lake, " .... King S(piare, " .... Magaguadavic Falls, St. George JiJiwlor's Lake, Inter'l R. R. . Lily Lake, St. John, Loch LoMumd Silver Falls, Little River, Suspension Bridge, and 1 Lunatic Asylum, St. John, j I i 97 37 47 07 87 27 (57 2.T 17 Population, 22, .3."), 4.3, 52, 74 Point Lepreaux, 12'J Point, Du Chene, ... 141>, l.")4 Rivers -Little, ... 117, 120 Pollet, Falls of ... I M St. Croix, 1."), 50. 1.31-135 Tete-a-gouclie,Fallsof 152 Tobique, ... 137-l3t> Richibucto 1.50 Rothesay, IL"» VI. NDliX OF CUNTK-NTS. l'A(iK Muiininldiiit Si . .\t)(lrc\\> ■St. (îi'oi'jff, .J. Ci.) C.'l. I.il». l.-)! .. i;u i;{(» Ï. .lOllN, (11 ^ Ol' l'A(iK> I'ortlaiid. 7'.», ^1, li)4. 110 111' J'(.sl ()IIir.> I(»-J1:J(J IK") Acad em\ 1)1 Ml •Vllllll. liallKS. Ol Mtial ic I'pliaii 'J'.l ., '.»4. l(l.'> <.)(!, '.(I, Ki;; (^)iiet'ii S([iiari', ... Rural ( 'I'liuMci's , l{i.'e(i's i'niiil, '.. Stivt.'! I)iiv<'t(ir_v, iJaihvav. H ink."... I5ii Skat 111"; ( 'alviii Cliiii ( 'arli'tdii, ... Cat I Cli ifilral I) cii. I HI] 11.-; Sii.-pi'iisioii Iji-h I).). Soc'icI it'- lurch Dircctorv, Civic OH'u C F ii'i" ( 'oiiiiuunical iuii^ ('dll^ul'- ( '(iiirtcnav l>a\. io_> IKI lo;(. 112. 1 14, lit», \-2\K I4C) !•_>•_' il4 KT» j Troltiiii; Park (i])(igra]).iv. 1 bfl clctri-ai) ice, . .. 114 lo;;, 12'.», i4(i ... )<-2-S'y . '.Ml. llti, 112 111'.) . ... 17,111 .Us, , 11(1 . ... 127 . ... 11.') SI i)() 'J'riiiilv Cliurcli, 'i'he Vallcv. Wat CI- Sii vvh 104 120 ST, .I01l,\ Rl\ KK- l (II II I H mise, ,._, I Descriptive, l;)!'), 140 142, 14 ( 'iistoni I louse De.'^cripi idii ol'. Drives, l\iirville, ... lO.'i 110 120 Earlv Ili.storical Notices of G Iiul rand iaii 11.' 14 140 X lines. St. Martin a I at 1- ei'ria7 . .. 122 Î).') . .. 10.-) . .. ."n, 120 112. 14.". (■».") W oods tock -NON A SCOTIA Annapolis, 11 '.I, 1.").") 1.-52, ]'M\ .".1, 141) :.:;. ir)4 i.-.t;. 141 10.2I.2;{,24, rxjii ndi irie; eloii, Cape Rr ]Ji-i;l)v, Grand Pre, Landin'f of the Lovalist? Indian llarharit .ilv Lake Ma'rket, Slip an Hall, d S ijiiare, 47, î)i tr^'i't'"^-- i:{, iio 27, 10'.) 100 ... SI) 14, 2.'), 2'.). ;{0. .")4. 14() ll,;J2. :}:i ] 12, 20. 2'.), :m, ; :;i,40, 14i) !4('. 147 2«.l. ;il. .'V2. 41, 14S les. Xi Masonic .Mechanics" Institute, (^Id l^urvinii; Ground, l'artridf;e Island, Penitent iarv, IMan ol'CitV, (ilU'l 'oor on onu H lat ice, ou se, ion. •)') 102 101 .. '.».". .. 70 11.') .. «;{ .. '.to ."), 81 line iMi Piotoii, Tniro, Windsor, I'mhI, '.0, ;'.2. n.") p.) 14S 148 . 2;5, 147 PRINCIO EDWARD ISLAND, 141) ROUTES OF TRAVEL. r)i,ii4, 104, 114, 1 .'54,1;?:., 141,142, 144 ir)0.1.")4,ir)ô lo.'S, 112, 121), l.'Jl, 1:54, I.U 141, 142, 14.".-15.'5 Stages, 111), 141, 14(V-148, 1.50-i:).'5 Railwavs Steuiuers T H I : m 9/ %. A GREAT VARIETY OF STYLES iMif^i 7" ^êikmmm mmmm. Received the FIRST GRAND PRIZE OVER ALL OTHERS at the Provincial Fair, 1873. FOR I5EALTV 01' KIMSII, I'OWK.K. I'l l:l'l^ ol' KtM:, .-^ M ) MCK'IV OF TOUCH TIIKN ARK IN K(,U- A l.l,!:i). (ONSTANI I.V IsriNC \|)|i|'.l«. fiéë^ Workmanship thorough, and w akk vnti'.i» in ( very i)!nti<'iilar. MANUFACTORY : CITY ROAD. - ST. JOHN, N. B. i t HISTORICAL SKETCH OF A C A^ 13 I E TiiE f)rifi;ln of the name Acadio lias boon, and still is, a much tlispntod matter, and the niisuudorstandings wliicli arose iu the ctmstruction of the exirressioii, "rr// Acddic, according to its ancient limits," were prolific in war, hatred and violence, and cansed the best blood of England and France to enrich the soil of this c(mtinent during many years. These disi)utes culminated in the annexation of all the possessicms of France, in North America, to the British Emi)ire. In 1G()3, the Sieur De Monts, a Huguenot, received from Henry IV, of France, letters i)atent to the country lying between the 40th und ifith degree of North latitude, iu which the Avord " Acrid ir " or " Cadie," is first used as the name of the country. The Bay at the mouth of the River St. Croix was called by the Indians of the Moriseet tribes, Peskadumquodiah, from Pr^kdduui, fish, and (^iiodi((/i, the name of a fish, resembling the Cod — the Polhjck. The French, according to their usual custom, abbreviated the Indian name, which we sometimes, in the old records read Qua- diac and Cadie — and at length we find it taking the general desig- nation of " Acadie." The EngHsli race have turned the original name into Passama- quoddy, and the Indians of the district have long been by them 2 10 KTSTOKICAI- SICKTCII (»K ACADIK. fiuniliiivly (mIIchI "(^iiodJy Iiidinns," as liy tlic Fvt'iicli tlicy liavc hoeii culled " Lt'H A('jidi«'iiH." ])r. DiiWMoii, ill liiH " Aoadiiiu (îcolofjfy," ^^ivos a rather dilfereiit verHion of the orif^'iii of this historic name : "The abori^nnal Mic- macs of Xovii Scotia, heiii^- of a practical turn of mind, wove in tlie habit of Ix^stowiiif? on places the names of tlie useful articles whicli could he found in them, afHxin;^: to such terms tlu> word A(^ulie, denoting the local abundance of the particular objects to which the names referred. The early French settlers appear to hav(> supposed this common termination to be the proper nanu; of the country, and a])i)lied it as the general designation of the region now constituting the Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. The Abbe Ferhind in his " Cours ])'Histoire du Canada," states that the origin of the name is unknown, and he emmierates sever- al compcmnd words, (being the names of places) of which it forms a part, sucli as Tracadie, Shulienacadie, Chykabenakdie, S:c. FOiniEIl LIMITS OF ACADIE. In 1()27, "La Xonvelh; France, called Canada," is declared in the charter of the Hundred Associates to extend from Florida to the Arctic Circle, and from Newfomidland to the farthest afHuent ( )f the St. Lawrence ; but this excessive claim was never seriously maintained, and when Acatlie was divided from Canada, it was de- lined as being bounded X. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, E. by tla^ Atlantic, S. by the River Kennebec, W. by the. Province of Cana- d.'i. Even this boundai-y was disputed. The Jesuit Father, Hierosme Lallemont, writing from Quebec in 1659 says " Acadie is that part of New France whicli faces the sea, and which extends from New England to (laspe, or more cor- rectly, to the entrance of the great river St. Lawrence. This ex- tent of country, which is fuUy 300 leagues, has but one name and one language." — Uclaiions des Jrsuifn, 1659. i IlIsroiilCAL SKKTCII Ol-' ACADII-;. 11 i m III ;i luiip l)y ('oroiu'lli, datcil l(>Si), piil)lisli)'il at Paris, tlio Pou- iiisnla south-east ol' the Bayof Fnudy, (now calk'd Nova Scotia) is calicd "Acadic," uiiilst tlie country north of the Jiay of FunJy and watered l»y the St. -John Kiver is named " Etechemins," after the Indian tribe Avliose hunting' fj:rounils formerly extended over that i)art of the Province. Under the Froncli these were some- times under separate Governments, and at others phiced under one and tlie same jurisdiction, which ior the tini(^ went by the name of " A(ii(/i< /' Altliou,nh c )m:niss;on after commission has l)e!ni appointed to ciKpiire int » and report upon this (|uestion of boundary, it has not yet l)een, and probal)ly ncn'er will be, setth'd in a manner satisfac- tory to all cone 'rned. Tiie " Jjoundary (^u(>stiou " will be referred to several times in the course of this work, and it will not, there- fore, be couùdered at leu^ih here. The term " Acadie " is used in this work to desij:,niate the terri- tory embraced within the limits of the present Provinces of New lirunswick and Nova Scotia. HISTOPvY OF ACADIE. Wo believe we are safe in sayin^ç tliat no person who has given his attenti(m to the subject has now any d(mbt that the Northmen were well ue(iuainted with tlu^ east coast of North America, nearly live hundred yi>ar.-? l)efore the first celebrated voyage of Columbus. It was accidentally discovered by an Icelandic navigator,* Avliilst endeavourhig to .make the coast of Greenland, in the year 1001. From that time, for about three hundred and fifty years, the inter- c!ourse of the Icelandic Normans with Helluland (Newfoundland), Markland (Nova Scotia), and Vinland (New England), was frequent and intimate. No other Exiropean peojîle have been so scrupulously * Biarne, son of Ilenriulf Banlson, a follower of Erie the Keel, of Norway. An account of this voyage is to be fovmd in the London Geographical Jour- nal for 1838. ^ IJ HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ACADIE. correct in kcoinng tlieir records as the SciiiuliimvituiH, niul the uccountH of these early voyages, which have been haiuleil down from the i)eri()d in wliieh they were made, are most i)artieuhir and circumstantial, — more so, indeed, than those of the Spanish adven- turers who followed Columbus. All intercourse of these Northmen with America seems to have ceased about the middle of the four- teenth centuiy. This fact is as extraordinary and im'Xi)licable as that, about the same time, or soon after, they disai)i)eared in like manner from the west coast of Greenland. There the monuments which they left behind remain to this day, lasting memorials of their enteiin-ising and adventuresome spirit. Nearly a century and a half after the last we hear, by any authentic accounts, of the Icelandic Normans in America, Colum- bus made his famous voyage across the Atlantic. The news of the discovery of a new world seems to have, almost instantly, flashed over Europe ; and England first, and then France, hastened for- ward to compete with the Spaniards in the great unknown West. THE FIRST ENGLISH EXPEDITION was fitted out by John Cabot, a Venetian, who, in llDl, sailed in the employ, and under the direction of Henry VI. John Cabot was, so far as we know, the first European, after the Norman Expe- ditious, wlio set foot upon the continent of America. In 1498 his son, Sebastian Cabot, explored the east coast of this continent, from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, north to the forty-eighth degree of latitude. EARLY FRENCH VOYAGES. A few years after the discovery by Cabot, French fishermen from Basque and Bretagne landed on a promontory of an island which they named Cape Breton. This name was afterwards applied to the whole island, which now forms part of Nova Scotia. Of the many exploratory voyages which ensued, fitted out and conducted by the English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, those IIISTOHICAL SKKTC'II OK ACADII-:. i;; of JiioquoH Cartier ave, amoiip; tlio most notrwortliy. H(^ miido hi» tir.st voya^'c across tlio Atlantic in l^M, arriving in tlic Hay of Chaleur on tlic ninth of July of the same year. Francis T., Kinp: of Franc(>, in whose employ Cartier saiUul, is said to have exclaimed, when the Kind's of Spain and Portugal protested apiinst the pro- posed expedition, "What, do they expect to share all America between them. F should like to Ke(> the clause in our Father Adam's Avill that makes them sole heirs to so vast a heritaf^'e," ATTEMPTS TO COLON IZF. There are extant but tew accounts of the voyaj^ea of these early adventurers ; yoi it is well known that numerous vessels, particu- larly ]îas(pte and Breton, were in the habit of resortinjif yearly to the coasts of Newfoundland, New lirunswick and Nova Scotia, for the pui7)ose of fishing, and tradin.cç with the natives for furs, but with no such objec't as that of formiufij permanent settlenumt. Ill l.VJS, however, the ^Iar([uiH De la lloche, havinpf b(>en appointed Lieutenant-Cxcneral, or Viceroy, of New France, made an att fortieth d(>pfr(M' of north latitude. The second expedition, uudcn* the command of l)e ]SIont;t, with Cluimplain as pilot, siuled in ^larch ](!il4. ('hami)lain, with some of tlio ])arty, went on to Canada; but De Monts reiuained at *' Acadie," which was consider(>d th(> tinestpart of Nouvelle France, as it jioRsossed fine ports, fertile soil, and a temperate and salu- bii(jus climate. De flouts first landed at Port Kossignol, (Liv- (H'i)ool, N. S.,) where he confiscated th(^ property of a French trader, named llossi^nol, who was trading with the natives with- out license. Leaving Port Kossignol, De Monts coasted around tlie peninsula, and up the ]îay of Fuudy, eventually entering Port lloyal, ( Ainia- lM)lis Basin). FIRST CrllANT OF LAND IX AM]:ilI(.iA. De Monts had been accompanied by several wealthy gentlemen, \)li() had volunteered for the voyage, all of Avhom were charmed v/itli the place, and particularly so, on(> M. de Poutrinciourt, win», in his enthusiasm, solicited and ol)taintHl a, grant of the land around Port Royal. This grant was afterward confirmed hy the King of France, and is believed to be the first royal grant of lands upon the continent of America. ST. JOHN RIVER DISCOVERED. * Leaving Port Royal, De Monts sailed around the Bay of Fundy, ^Oiie of the earliest historical notices of the St. Jolin River dates from the year 1508, when it was called " Riviere de la Grande liaie, " or La Baie IIISTOMK AL sKKTCn OF ACADIK m iiiiikiii^' (>.\iimiimti()iis of tin- hays mid inlets, nnd arrivt>il on tin- *2ttli of Juno 1<»I)1: lit tilt' nututli of ii nohlr river wliicli lie name»! the Saint. Tean. De Monts, thinking that a shorter route nii^ht In- found Ity this river than by tlie sea to the Buy Clndeiir, sailed up tiie river a^; far as the (h'i)tli of tlie water would 2)<'i'iiut. Tlie exttMit (»f the river, the splendid llsli witli wliieh its waters ii!)ouii(h'd, the ^'rapes ^n-ov.in^' wild on the bunks, and tli(> beauty and richness of the scenery, were all objects of wonder and aihni- ration. Several v,-e;>l;.' weri' devoted to the exphu'ation of the river, and in rt-cruitinf^ the sea-worn «'n.'r;^'ies of the sailors. The winter of JdOl-.j wasspeiit by the party on a I'ocky islef at tlie mouth of the St. ('roix River, — now jmrt of the b(»un(Liry between \ew Jiruns- wlck and Elaine — where thii'ty of them (hed of scurvy. F11ÎST siyrTLi:MENT Fomn:!). J )e Monts jiavin^f received supplies, and forty aihlitional colonists from France, abandoned the ishmd in tht> si)ring and returned to I'ort lloyal, where he founded a setth'Uient. But nnexp(H'ted niis- Fnnu'iii.-e, as the Bay <'t' Fiinrly WHS feniirrly i^osinnated. 'J'hi-f tnt uvs in the letters patent enndniiing the appoiiitineiit of the Sieiir de la Roche as " Lieutenant (reiier, ' an Canada, Iloeliehiifa, Teri'e-Xeiive, babrader, Kiviere (le la Uramlo J?aie, X(»reinbei:;ue, (the present state of jS[aine) et les terres adjacentes." J)r. liobb, ia bis repca-t ot'the "^\grieulture oi'the i'rovince," refers to the dis<-i)ver\ ef tlie ISt.Jdhn by " Chaniplaiii, on Saint John's Day, in tiie vear KJll-t;" and in Afunro's ''Ne.v Brunswick," there is a ([no- tation I'lMin IFalibi rton's " Nova Scotia," in wliich the name St. John is stated to have been given to it because it was discovered on the lJ4th June, t he day of the feistival of Saint John tiie J5aptist. ^b)nro .siys also, that the river was dise(nei'ed by De iMout-i; others say that he visited the river and changed its name. However that may be, to De Monts is due, T think, the honor of being, if not the discoverer, the first European who explored it. The Indian names of the river are Wolla^took. or AwoUostook, (as it was called by the Milicites) signifying "The Big Kiver," and the " Ouygondy" of the Etecheiiiins. Dr. Dawson has Oiiangondy, evidently derived from the same authority— Coronell's Map, before referred to. 10 LANsDOn'NE AND ^MARTIN. EBtablished in 1830, ^-ansdo aN^^ ^ MARTIN, (SUCCrt'.OI^S TO MAGEE BPvOS.) IMPOKTE15.S OF British, French and German Dry Goods, No. 1 PRINCE WILLIA:M STREET, (corner king,) Depax'tmenls to which we direct special attention, viz. : ROUILLONS' FIRST CHOICE JOSEPHINE KID QLOVES-one to six Duttons. >-, ' cr2 C-D SlI.KS, Handkerchiees, 'Jl Lyons Velvet.s, Dress Materials, O c5 2 w (=1 CC3 Shawls, Corsets, H • r 1 M.\NTLES, Travclliiif^Biipfs, - CO 1-4 02 Hosiery, Laces, Umrkellas, Cil.OVKS. o ^ g s o FAMILY Ji [QURNING. 3 ^ CO Dent's Celebrated Town-made KID GLOVES, for Gentlemen. BONNET'S, JAUBERT'S, mul other oenuine makers of SLACK SILKB, Hlways in &ioçk, BLACK AND WHITE LACE SHAWLS, JACKEiS, CAT>i:ti, \c Gents' and Ladles' ^^erino and Silk Underwear. Bhkssks, CosTiMKs, ]\Ianti.ks, Siii^ts and Ladiks rNOKKWr.AI!. made to order on tlie preinis-es. 1» (■ I •. „'. ^mM\\^ Mh h ! 'ni^lir Ar7l{ii, Si. Mi m Î.Aîrs^DOWSE AND MAKtlH. Estnblinhed ii. 1830. •"jCC"' 'O MA» k; 3f J*- 1 I ; British, f'rcnch and Ckrnian Dry Goods, N'o. 1 PRINCE WTLLJ.VM Sl'HEET, UJil'^'d: :iii^'jSi, ïir. '^. I i! Depo:rtrr.('ntâ f- winch wc rt^ceot. (ipecoû »»»».»■■- M i.- tin. ROUILLONS' HHST CHOICE ;0:;EFH]NE KID 6L0V.^,:?--f'r;vv, a: PQ Lions VEiAnrrs. MVVTLES, HosTEav, .I...VC'ES. ! S-XMTL\' MOUKNtNO. -1 Cp ■ 't) «=- I 1"* S- H- (.■onaETs. '• o p5 >^ t.Mumai.As, I S"S C [ 1 , , ,VKS. ^' S ?^ Dent'» .Cel'»br«ted Towii nmdo KID G.lOVEf . f . frentlcmeii. BONNET'H, JAUBKKT'H, and f.tli<-r okn/ ;. makejjs of BLACK AND WHITE LA(;K «HAWl. ^. .lACKl^rH, CAPEH, &«. Go its' and Ladii?s* *^er mo ai:i ik Undv.-At.ar. ade to order on tlic proini>ep. ^ »ds. :/: MrPi.i m- riiotii Sujipeiisioii Bridge & Lunatic Asylum, St. Joliii. tfT JullX, N. 11. ac. ;,\i: HISTORICAL SKETCH OK ACADIE. 19 fortunes led to its iibaiulonnieut. A inarimiling party of ]3utclimcii from tlie Xethei'Linds, seized a whole year's store of peltries ; antl, some months later, the merchants of St. Malo, jealous of the monopoly of the fur traffic enjoyed by the Ilouen merchants, siic- ceeded in getting De Monts' charter revoked. In 1(510, Poutrincourt, who had obtained the confirmation of the King of France to the grant of lands which he had received from ))e Monts, returned, with a number of skilled artisans, to Port Uoyal and resumed his labors. But the Jesuits, who had founded a settlement at St. Sauveur, caused dissensions which led to the n^turu of many of the Huguenot settlers to Franct^ and, eventually, to the aliandomnent of the colony the second time. THE YIliClINIANS CLAIM ACADIE. Tlie colonists of Virginia now claimed Acadie for lîritain by right of discovery by Cabot. Sir Samuel Argall, following up this preteusi()n, suddenly appeared before the Jesuit settlement and carried the jilace by storm. It was subsequently resolved to expel the French from every j^oint south of the forty-fifth parallel of north latitude, including the central regions of Acadie, and Argall was commissi(m dispersed, and Poutrinc )urt returned to France. The Yivginiims however, soon left Acadie. FIRST ENGLISH CIRANT. In 1(')21, Sir William .\lexauder, afterward Lord Stirling, obtain- ed from James I. of England a grant of "The whole of the terri- tory lying to the east of a line drawn from the mouth of the St. Croix to the St. Lawrence." This land was called Nova Scotia in the patent. In 1G22 Sir William sent a body of cokniists to begin a vsettlement. Amving late in the season, they were obliged to winter in Newfoundland. In the following year, finding the French in i)ossession of the places which they had intended to i'U IirSTORTCAL .SKKTCH OF ACADIE. tKX'upv, lh(\y retunit'd to Eugliuul ; and tor muny .vciirs no t'urtliri- uttiïinpt.s iit colonization wovo made ])y the English, In U')'2\), Sir Wni, Ah^xandcr ceded to Chiude de hi Tour— a Frt?nchman who had married an Englinh lady, and been created Olio of the " Baronets of Nova Scotia" — the wh(^Ie of Acadie, except Isle lloyale or Cape Breton. At this time tlu^ French still held pasvscssion of Caj^e Sable and other places in tlie south. De la Tour WiVA sent to take possession of Acadie, but his son, who held one of tlie forts, refused to giv(> it up. Parental authority and entreaty, as well as force, were brought to bear upcm him, but wthout avail, as he remained lirm in liis convictions of duty to «nintry and King. ENGLISH CLAIMS RENOUNCE. J). A fev,' years later, by the Treaty of St. (lermain-en-Laye, in IChVl, Charles I. renounced the pretensions to Acadie which hail been put forward by his siibjects, and possession of the colony was coiifii'med to France. It was now divided into tlu'ci' provinces, witli Dc Razillai, young De la Tour, and De.iys as governors. llîizillai was succeeded in 1(535 by D'Auluay Charnizay, between whom and De la Tour dis})iites almost immediately arose regard- ing the boundaries of their respective territories. Much oi tlie romance in the historv of St, John is due to tlH\se .1 DISPUTES OF THE RIVAL GOVERNORS. De la Tour had erected a fort on the western side of the Harbor of St. John, on a point opp«)site Navy IsL'- d, during the years 1(kî-1-5, where he carried on a very lucrative trade with the Indians. Liouis XIII. interfered, and in l(î38 defined the boiuidaries of the rivals, but De la Tour would not submit, and for several years a ûcTce conflict was carried on. Charnizay, having influential friends at the coTirt of the French King, obtained an order to carry Do la Tour to France in chains ; and (^arly in the spring of 1048 block- IILSTORK'AL .sKKTt'II OK ACADIK. IM adcd tlic fort of his (MifMuy with six vessels. j>ut the " CUement," il ship wliic'li liiul liiH'U scut by the llu^Mieuuts (»f Koclu'lh' to reiii- i'on'f liim, niukin.L!,- Ir-r !i})i)t'iiriuun', De hi Tour escaped to her in tlic ui^'ht and saih'd to jviston, wlierc he obtained permission I'roni the aiitliorities to liirc vessels and enUst sohliers. With tliese he returned, raised the sie^a' of his Fort, and (h'ove Charnizay's ves- sels to I'ort lloyal, \vhere some of them were wrecked and destroyed. Early in Kil"), De la Tour bcinif absent, and th(> fj^arrisou reduced to tifty men, Charni/ay aj^ain attacked the Fort, 1)ut Madame J)e la Tour conducted the defence so well tliat the ships of the besiegers were shattered and n impelled to retire. Charnizay having received reinforcements returned and attacked the Foi-t h'oin the hind sid(> ; but the garriscm, animated by the lieroitr example of ^Madame De hi Tour, kept the attacking force at bay for three days. But, on Easter Sunday morning, a traitorous Swiss sentry allowed the enemy to scal(> th(> walls, and the heroic lady was comi)i>lled to surrender. Charnizay, mortified at finding the baud of defenders so small, and in violation of the terms granted to Madame Do la Tour, hung the whoh> garriscm — the Swiss Judas excei)ted, who acted as (>xecrtioner, — and treated th(> lady herself with so nmch indignity — compelling her, with a roi)e around her neck, to wit- ness the execution of her brave and faithful foHowers — that she died a few days afterward of a broken heart, leaving an infant of tender age to the doubtful mercy of hvv hard-hearted captor. Charnizay Wiis then named " (Jhief Governor of Acadie ;" but he did not long enjoy possession of the title. After ten years of strife, bloodshed and cruelty, Charnizay gained the olvject of his ambi- tious desires; but death, the concpieror of all, soon wrested from him his prcnid title — he died in KîôO, "unwept, unhonored and unsung," leaving behind him a reputation for cruelty which a savage might envy. De la Tour, having regained the favor of the King of France, returned to Acadie in 1()"31, and sought solace of his sorrows, •>•> JITSTORICAL SKKTCir OF ACADIE. ^i worldly iulviuiconioiit, aiul I'orgc'tfuliicKs of tho mcinory of liis <'onriif?('( lis and hcautif ' ' ly, by taking the widow of CHiarnizay to wife — a politic, \n very heroic marriage! He then laid claim to the Avhole ,uli<», Imt his claim was disputed hy La Borgne, a credit(; /Jiarnizay. CCNQUEllED BY THE ENGLISH. (Jromwell, who was now Protector of England, sent out an expe- dition in IC)')! under Colonel SedgAvick, who defeated both De la Tonr and La Borgne and madi> himself master of all tho strong posts of the colony. I)e la Tour appealed to Cromwell for redress. His claim was allowed, and Cromwell granted to him and two English gentlemen — Sir Thomas Temple and William Crowne — the greater i)art of Acadie.* The rights of De la Tonr were after- wards purchased by the other proprietors ; but, by the Trtîaty of Breda, in 1670, Acadie was again lŒSTOllED TO FKA\C;E, Charles II. promising to repay to liis subjects — Temple and Crowne — the money Avhich they had expended in Acadie ; but, like all kingly promises, was easily broken. Up to this time but little progress had l)een made in the im- provement of the country ; the inliabitants, who were principally French, Avere disheartened by the frequent changes taking ])lace in their allegiance, wliich was sometimes due to one sovereign, and sometimes to another, and almost all of the settlements were con- fined to the banks of the rivers emptying into the Bay of Fundy.t The French population at this time did not, it is said, exceed one thousand persons ! * r Cronnvell's gnuit to flie.-e geiitleiiion di'fined tlio territory to be "along tilt" lit\y to Fort St. -Tolin, (liiToiir) and thence following all the coast as far as Pentagoet and the River St. George in Mescourus, f-ituate on the borders of New England, and further on to the first habitation." t In the year ICiSO there were Init eeven w hite settlers alonj; the St. John river •y of his ^liarnizay then laid 'd l)y La ai) ('xi)o- )th De la 10, strong ; redress, and two Irowne — n'e aftor- ^reaty of iple and iie ; but, the im- in('i2)ally ig place ign, and ere con- Fimdy, t xmhI one le " iilonjx ! coast as ïe on the St. John niSTORTCAL SKETCH OF ACADIK. 'r> EXPEDITIONS FROM :\rASSACHUSETTS. On tluMleclaration of war against France by I-^ngland in KWi», Sir AVjn. Phii)ps of Massachusetts was placed in conunand of seven hundred nu>n, one frigate of forty guns, and two ships, one of sixteen, and another of eight guns, and in the following year attacked Port lloyal — the fortifications of which were dilapidatt^l and i)rotected by only ninety men, — which fell an easy prey. Phipps also attacked Chedabucto, but the garrison would not yield until their buildings were in flames. As Port Royal was now unprotected, its inhabitants were plundered by pirates, some of them hung and their houses burned, ^'illabon, who was sent out from France in lOUO, as governor of Acadie, ret(X)k Port Royal ; and, aided by the Indians — who were partial to the French, but ready, nevertheless, to ally themselves with which ever party would pay them best, — captured Peseipiid (Windsor), the principal Eng- lish settlement in Acadie, In consecpience of this act, the Bosto- nians tlispatched Colonel Church with five hundred men to attuck the Acadians. Church landed at Beau Basin (Fort Cumberland), and ravaged the countiy, giving (juarter to the French, but killing the Indians, and destroying the dykes and other imi)rovenients of the French settlers. This state of things continued for s iiii'.rk tlic l>'»iiii(l;iry Ix'twccii llic Iniids <»1" tlic rcspcctivo I'nniitrics. EXPEDITIONS FlUni NEW EX(iLA\I). Tlic loii^f coutinuiiiu'c, iiiul tlic liarnsKiji^' chariU'tcr of the wjirs had <'iij^«'ii(Ior('(l umoiif^ tlio Eiif^'lisli and Fi'ciicli colonistH llio stronpcHt ft'diiif^s of animosity af?ainst cacli other. "War liaviiifjj Itccu aji^aiu declared between France and Enpfland in IKKÎ, tlie. New Enf,danders, in order to retaliate for injuries r(>al or supposed, sent an armament conHif^tiii^ of three nuni-of-war, fourteen trans- ports, and tliirtv-six whal(^ boats, liavint? on l)oard five hundred and lifty s(>ldi«>rs, under the imuKMliate coniiuaud of ("ol. v'liurcli, for the purpose of ravap;iup; tlie French settlements in Acadie. Yillebon, at'ten'his recapture of Port Royal in ](')',)() — innuiuliately followinj^ Phil)l)s' raid, — iiudiuf^' the fortilîcations destroyed, deter- mined to remove the S(>at()f goveriMuent to t]ie river St. John, and the fort at Jt>mset?* was s(>lected as the head-([uarters of Acadie. Some two years later, Yillebon, havinj»' erected a fort at the mouth of the Nashwaak, (oi)poHite the present city of Fredericton) trans- ferred his head-quarters to the latter place, abandouiuf? the fort at JemHc^f?. Yillebon had early suspected that an attempt Avonld bo made by Church to capture Nashwaak and had consecpiently made vigorous preparations to resist an attack. The fort had been * •' Wlieu tlie fort at Joiiiseg was buill, is a iiiutti'i' of considerable doubt, hut, Iroiii wliat can be learned regarding it, it does not ii])puar to have been built before the time of (."roinwell, IC»')-! to 1()()(5, and was probably erected l>v Temple as a trading post. The proof of its having been built at this ])erio(l lies in the fact that it was not mentioned in t!ie list of forts which were delivered up to the L'roiuwellian forces in l(»r)4, while a very particu- lar descrijMion of it was given in the Treaty of lireda, in l()7tK and Wiis one of the forts which were delivered up to the French at that time." It was IiiiilL on the point on the soutli side of the Jeniseg, at the junction of that stream with t lie St. John, and about fifty miles from the Bay of Fundy. The only incident of any note connected with its history was its capture, in !074, bv a Flemish corsair.- -Wr/c/zc* of Acadie. IIISTORIC'AI. SKKTCII oK ACADIK. ('8I)('('tiv(^ the wars liHtH tlio r liiivinjy 7(W, tlm '11 traiis- liuiuln'd Clmi'i'li, (Tic. icdiatolv ll, ll('t(U'- )lm, and Aciidie. iiioutli ) traiis- i fort at onld 1)0 y mado d beoii doubt, i\ e bi't'ii C'l-CH'tcd Jit this t wliieh larticii- kViis one Jt was of tliat Fiindy. turo, in va strcnprthoiK'd, new caniKHi mounted, and rcinforctMncntH «>f Indians obtained from the Hiirroundinji: conntry. On llic morning' of th«^ iStli October thr<'c armed h1oo])s rounded (lie point bdow Uic fort iind, on bciufj; Hrcd at, were run into the shore on tlie eastern sitlo of tlic St. Jolm, 1)eliind a ])oint of land brlow the Nashwiiak ; where, siieltercd from the tire from the fort, the troops disem- barked. The Ennjlisli forces advanced to the left bank of th<î N'asliwaak, to a ])oint overlooking tlic fort — whicli Avas scarcely :i pistol shot distant on tiie opposite bank, — and. amidst a heuvy tîrt> of musketry and shot, threw u]) a breastwork from which in three liours time they had two f^uns i)layin{,' iiixni the fort. Th(^ Indians on both sides appear to iiav(> taken a considerable part in the contest, — which was only terminated by the approacli of dark- ness. The Enpclish had neglected to provide themselves with t(>nt«, and conseciuently sntfered severely from cold iind exposur(> durinîç (lie night. As soon as day dawned, tiie l)esiegt>d " oiiened th?» ball" Avith a rattling tire of musketry, in which the English soon joined. The lire from the fort was so severe that one of tho guns in the breastwork was dismounted and the others had to be aban- d(mcd in the ctmr.se of the dav, Tt soon bi'came evident that tho fort could not bo taken save by a regular investment, which tho absence of tents, and tli(> approacli of winter rendered impossible, and it was therefore decided to abandon the undertaking, and that night fires were lighted over a large extent of gnmnd to deceive the French while the troops embarki>d. Tho English loss during the siege was said to have been eight killed and seventeen wounded ; that of the French one killed and two wounded. The English, according to the French account, lost eighty men from siciiuoss Avhile on the voyage back to Boston. In 1707 anotlier force, of (me thousand men and two ships-of-wiir, were dispatched against Port Royal. Two difierent assaults were repulsed, and the enterprise was for the time abandoned. In 1710, however, the place succumbed to a powerful force from Massachusetts, imder the command of General Nicliolsou. I'O r. JI. H ALL .]. C HALO.NKR — R. &. T. FIM-AV. No. 58 GERMAIN STREET, - - - Nearly opposite Tliiily Cliurcli, A(*KNT FOU THK FOLLOWING 1»01»ULA1{ S j: w I N (1^ \i A c II 1 N j: s : SIN(iEll, No, 2, F(>1{ .\rANFFA(TT'Hl\(i ITIII'OSKS. !SIN(}Ell, FA:\rrLY, THi: Ladiks' favokitk. HOWE, ELIAS, A. li. andC, Nkw Youk makf ^VANZEli, KUN HY hand ou foot. agency fou MADAME DEMOllEST'S RELIABLE I'APEll PATTERNS, AM) TFrK MAIUTLME FAMILY KMTTINi; MACillNi:. Chaloner's Aniline Dyes. Roseino, Ponceiui (rosy crim.Sdii ), Nicliolsoii's Scarlet, Miij^dala Pink, Kegiiiu l'iir])le, Atlaw Puritlc, Violft, Mauve, Opaiij^e Yellow (deej)), Aiiiliiio ^'ellow (lij^lit ), Wicliolson's JJliie, Soluble Blue, Atlas Green, Bismarck 15ro\vn, Maroon. The idea of niakiiii^ these ])yeH fully accessible to the public orifjiuated uith the proprietor. (They are in colored packets.) Tiiose of otiier «Makers should be rejected, as thev are liable to failure. Always use (IIALONERS ANIl'.lNK DYES. ' JOHN CHALONER, - - - Wholesale Druggist and Dispensing Chemist, Corner King and Germain Streets, St. Jolin, N. B. A c'uiiiplfte stock of I'KUFUMKS, SO.Vl'S, ItUVSllKS, MKDKJIXES, &c , iilwiiys on liuiid. R. & T. FINLAY. Manufacturers & Importers of FINE SADDLERY and HARNESS. Sqtsq QlQthing^ ^c,i *ep, AlsQ FIRJS ENQINE; HOSE, For Steam or Hand Engines, froi BEST AMERICAN OAK LEATHER. All Harness and Hose repairs, promptly attended to. ^^ liurcli, IK IMAKK. 'GOT. rp]KNS, lia I'itik, el low :jrigiiiate{l of other Iwavs upf ; Chemist, on liaiid. ŒSS. > >.' N> B, •JO C. )1 riALL f. t;VL4I.0NEIl— It. St J". FINL.lY. No. 5[!t!haMA.NS?REET. - - - r', :;nlr îrMy Ckiircli." s i: W 1 X < . M A I'll L N i:,S : ,ST>i(f£]î, No. 2, 'kou MANrT.vf'TricV',; pDvPosks. BJNiiKK, FAMfy.Y. thk La oiks" FA-ou.rt.. s HDWE, ELIAS. A. 15. a.sdC^, Nev. Yokk makk. WAN'ZLli, ui;;. nv ha.nu ok Foar. ir É lil A«tEN{^\' FOB MADAME DE MOKEHT S llELIAIJLE L'Ai EM FATTEliNB, AND TflE MARniMi; FAMILY KXITTIN'ti MAOrtINF, Chalorier's Aniline Dyes. llo.s(^ino, ruiiceaii .rosr crimson), >iicuifil»ot''s S-urU't, Ma-flula Pink, K*'ij;ii.}V I'lipp!.?. AjIiw Purple, Vi()l.»t, M un»^. <)r'-.!iL''* 'Vellnw (d'.'t'jj), Amlmii VelivfW (light )t ^icliuisun s lUue, .S>àibb , . i nine, Atlas Oret^n, I^ismurck Jlrown, Manxtn. The idea of inakiii;.' thene Dves f'liliv fi(Ti'H*!blo tot lie pnblic oriiciiinlod witli the propra'tor, iTIiey are in oolortnl puckels. i Those ol otlier makers Hhuulfl \^' n^jpcted. .is tli»•. ,\rfiA, Ï» P. A complets ifwjk. a( rfcUKl'Mfcîl, *>AI»S. ItKt Sltr::^ Mt.ittCiSti», Ac . »tin»)» i>u huuil. K. «St. T. FINI..VY. . ManufaottdWif * Irapjrifen» of FÎ1TE SA'îOLERY and K.\RKESS * For Steam or Haad Maes, îrom BE?.T AMER!C^.N OAK LEATBER. All Harness and Hose repRU»*. prompUy âiiended to, lui. < jriAiix-oTri;:: f-sT u i ; J'^T, i'Uik, McClikk, riioto. Lily hh, St. Jolin Sr. Jons, N !t. ! I ^. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ACADIE. 21» CEDED TO ENGLAND. The power of Friinoi^ bcniifr weiikinu^J by protracted war, alie Wiis compelled, by the Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, to cede to Bri- t;dn not only Acadie,* but ulso all her pretensions to Newfoundland and the Hudson's Bay Territoiy. The Island of Cape Breton, however, was retained l)y the French ; aud, after the loss of Aca- die, the island was stronj^ly fortified to protect their other Cana- dian possessions. Over £1,500,000 sterling were expended on the fortifications at Louisljourg alone. GOVEKNMENT FORMED. While the French were strengthening their position in Cape Breton, the English in Acadia, although attending to the general iuiprt)vemeut of the country, paid but little attention to the repair- ing of the old, or the erection of new, fortifications for their defense, against the time, so near at hand, when war should be again de- clared. General Nicholson, who took so active a i^art in the sub- jugation of Acadie, was appointed governor in 1714, and held tlie position until 1719, Avhen he was succeeded by Col. Phillips, under whose administration a Council of eleven was formed. Port Royal was made the cai)ital, and continued as such until 1 740, when tlio Provincial Head-Quarters were removed to Halifax. The French popiilation were allowed to remain free from magisterial control, or provincial taxation, and were permitted to settle their owi7 dis- putes, which they did by appointing twenty-four deputies, from whose decisions an appeal could be made to the Council, which *Ju?t after tlie provisional treaty signed at Paria in 1712, the French king offered numerous concessions if tlie EngUsh would give liini back Aca- die, and "in this case his Majesty would consent that the Kiver of St. George should be the limit of Acadie, as England desired." In 1720, Col. rhiUips, Governor of Nova Scotia, complained that "tlio bounds between tlic governnjent of New Scotia and New Enghmd arc not declared," and enclosed to the Lords of Trade a petition from jiersons who had Lands be- tween the Kennebec and St. George, for confirmation of title. 8 ;;<» HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ACADIE. I was convened at Port Eoval uiree times in each vear to hear snch ai)peal8. INDIAN BARBAEIÏIES. Althongli peace had been declared between France and England in 1713, the Indian allies of the foi-nier had continned their depre- dations npon the lives and property of the snbjects of the latter. Comi)laint being made to the French governor of Lonisljonrg of these outrages committed in time of peace, he replied that the In- dians were an independent race over whom he had no control, Thns encouraged, the savages attacked Port Eoyal, burnt two houses, killed and scalped tAVO persons, and took several prisoners. On the 3()th March, IT^ll:, France declared war against Great Britain : on the news of this event reaching Cai)e Breton, M. de Quesnel, governor of the island, dispatched forces of French and Indians against the English settlements in Acadie. Canso, being but poorly defended and fortified, immediately surrendered. Port Royal was kept in constant alarm for four weeks, by a French Priest at the head of three hundred Indians, and but for the timely arrival of four companies from New England, would have fallen into the hands of the savage host. The savages over ran the country, scalping the inliabitants and committing evei-y si)ecies of barbarity which their hellish imaginations could invent ; in conse- (pience of which, the women and children were removed to Boston, EXPEDITION FROM NEW ENGLAND. In 1745, an expedition, consisting of four hundred men, and ten vessels, — the largest not carrying more than twenty guns — with some armed sloops, was fitted out by Massachusetts and the other colonies, and ijlaced under the command of General Pepperel. Pepperel, on his anival at Canso, was re-inforced by the English West India Squadron of ten vessels, each carrying from forty-six to sixty-four guns. The united forces anived at Louisbourg on tlie 7tli May, and a summons was sent to tlie commandant, Ducliam- I HISTORICAL «KKTCII OK AL'ADIE. ;ii i\r STicl) Inglaiul : depre- ! latter, ourg of the In- control, mt two ■isoners. it Great 1, ]M. cTe ucli and (), being 1 Tort French e timely e fallen ran the secies of n conse- Boston, and ten 5 — with lie other epperel. English orty-six g on the iicham- bean ; but ho refused to suiTondcr, und the siege avus commenced. Prei^aratious had been made for an assault, I)ut on the Kith June tlio garrison capitulated, marching out with tlu^ honors of war, when an immense booty, valued at a milhon sterling, fell into the Iiands of the victors. The French in Canada, in great alarm, at the 1(k« of tliis strong- hold and f(»r the safc^ty of their own, sent to France for assistance ; and in the year following, a formidable force, under the ctmimand of tlie Duke D'Anvile, was sent out to retake Louisbourg and Acadie. The hostile fleet, — numbering in all s;>v(')ity vessels — like tlie " Spanisli Armada," had a foe strong{>r than man Antli which to contend ; and, like its great ante-type, found a watery grave. After a passage of ninety days but seven of the vessels arrived at Halifax, and these in sucli a disabled condition, and with the crews so thinned by disease, that the object of the expe- dition could not be accomplished. The Duke died of vexation and disapi)()iutment, and the Vice- Admiral, D'Estournehe, killed liimself in despair. Only a remnant of the expedition returned to Fi-ance, but they, being reinforced by thirty vessels, again set r.ail for Acadie, only to meet with defeat and capture by tlie English fleet. On the 7th October, 17-4S, a treaty of i)eaco was concluded be- tween the two nations. One of the conditii^is of the treaty caused great dissatisfaction to the Provincials, namely, the restoration of Louisbourg to France. IMMIGRATION ENCOURAGED. Peace having been once more iiroclaimed, it might be supposed that the developement of the resources of the country would be among the first ol)jects of the British Government. The inhabi- tants seem to have learned more of the arts of war than of peace ; and the small amount of interest manifested by Great Britain in the prosperity of the colony dm-iug the iJast led the French to HISTORICAL sketch; of acadie. 'ni l'H I I il believe that little was cared tor it, beyond tlie mere ijosfjessiou, and that things would be otherwise if the country were owned by France. This impression, coupled with the feelings of animosity to the British, gave rise to a contiiuiance of barbarous outrages, in which they were joined by the Indians, who had always been attached to them, as well as to their creed — the Roman Catholic. A determined effort was now made by the governmont to secure a permanent foothold in the country. A tract of land was oftered to all who would make the colony their home ; and all who wished to emigi-ate to it were conveyed to the colony, and maintained for a year after their aiTival, at the expense of the government. About four thousand disbanded soldiers and their families, attracted by these advantageous offers, arrived in Chebucto Harbour on the 2l8t June, 17J:0, and founded the present City of Halifax. This settle- ment being formed, together with some others in different parts of the colony, the most necessary consideration was the ft)rmation of a government : a council of six members was ai)pointed and a civic government organized, with Edward Cornwallis as governor, lu 1753 about fifteen hundred Germans settled in the county of Lunenburg. BOUNDARY DIFFICULTIES. The Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, which ceded Nova Scotia to England, left its boundaries undefined, and disputes were con- stantly occurring between the French and English about the boundary'. It was an object with the French to restrict Nova Scotia to the Peiusula now bearing that name, contending that what is now called New Brunswick, and a vast extent of countiy adjoining and reaching to Quebec, was retained by them under the name of L' Acadie, or New France, and they placed the bound- ary at a small river on the isthmus, called the Missiquash, which, by a curious coincidence, is now the dividing line between the two provinces. Every eft'ort was made to withdraw the Acadiens from the dis- J HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ACADIE. ;3;j jessiou, ned by imosity itragt's, yn been utliolic. ) secure i oftered i wished iiied for About icted 1)V the 21st is settle- parts of lation of d and a overnor. 3imty of Scotia to ere con- joiit the ict Nova ling that ' country im under le bound- li, which, n the two I trict possessed by thi> Enghsli and to concentrate them under Frencli rule on French soil in order to make of them a means of harassing tlie English settlers. The plans of the French Governor were ably seccmded by the Catholic jjriests, and especially by the Abbe La Loutre, who seems to have possessed great influence over the simple-minded Aeadiens. Li pursuance of thesL» plans one ]M, La Corne was sent from (Quebec, in 17-47, or 171S, with instructions to build a fort in or near th(> isthmus iis ii pliuv:> of refuge for the Aeadiens. A fort was built ui);)n a lieight at the head of the Eay of Fundy, wliich ho named B.^.iu-Sejouv, ( U' )\v kuowJi as Fort Cumberland ). He estab- lishcvl two other posts, one on the Craspereaux at Bay Verte, and the otheruf^ar a bridge over the Missicpiash, which he called Pointe de Bo(>t. These ()i)erations of the French induced the Aeadiens at Cliiguect.) to rise» in open r(0)ellion against tlio English. Major Lawrence was sent from Halifax, early in the spring of 1750, to reduce them t) obedience; on his approach th(\v burned their town, forsook their lands, and joined La Corne, being instigated thereto by La L(mtre. Major Lawrence erected a fort abtmt two miles from Fort Beau-Hejcmr, on the southern side of the river Missi(pi;isli, and the little stream, by tacit agreement, became the provisional boundary. The French continued their intrigues among the Aeadiens, endea- voring to induce them by })romises and threats to jilacc^ themselves under the French flag. Xcav causes of dispute ontinually arose ; and, in order to settle matters, in the year 17Ô."), just before the declaration of war l)etween England and France, an expedition was fitted out at Boston to capture Beau-St>jour, audits dejjendent forts. Three frigates and a sloop, besides b'.itteaux, with a stnmg land force were dispatched up the Bay of Fundy, with Grand Anse, about six miles from Beau-Sejour, as a rendezvous. Tlie French C(mimandant, ]M. Yerjor, used every c^xertion to press the Aeadiens into his service. Aided by LaLcmtre he c;)llected about Il • I I ::4 JIISTOHICAL SJvKTC'Il OF AC'ADJK. iifteen Iniiuliu'd nicu from Mommmcook, Slu>i)0(ly, Potitcodiac, and otlipr plaeos ; he also sont to Quebec and Louisboiu-fif for assist- auce, which did not arrive. Meantime^ tlu; Englisli disenilnirked and camped on the ghicis of Fort Lawrence, about the 1st of June, On the 12tli, after considerable» skirmishing anil the loss of a few men, they succeeded in establishing themselves at Butte-a-Charle.4, a rising ground near lîeau-Sejour, The Acadiens were veiy much disheartened and dissatisfied at being compelled to assist iu the defense of the fort, and begged its commander to sun'ender ; he Unally consented, and capitulated on the 18th, after five days bom- bardment, during which he lost several oflicers and men, and the fort had received considérai >le damage. The garrison were allowed to march out "with military honors, with their arms and baggage, nud conveyed to Louisbourg, under an engagement not to bear arms against the English in America for six months, The Aca- diens, i^ardoned, returned to their homes. La Loutre escaped to Quebec, where he is said to have received the censure of his .superiors. While the land forces were engaged in the operations against Beau-Sejour and its dependencies, Capt. Rous Avitli three of the vessels of the fleet sailed across the bay to the mouth of the Ht. John. Fort La Tour had seen many changes since the time of its capture by the Cromwellian forces in 1G54; had been captured and lost by French, English, and Pirates, alternately ; its walls liad echoed the roar of cannon, the si ' of victoiy, the song of mirth and the prattle of infant voices, th roans of the " famine- stricken," and the whoop of the savage ; t. solemn words, " dust to dust, ashes to ashes," and curses, loud and deep, had nmg out on the still air; and ancm, naught save the mournful cry of the sea fowl, or the dreary wash of the waves Avas heard in its ruined desolateness. Generations had come, and gone again, bringing ruin and decay to the old fort ; and now (1755) a few French were in possession, who, on the apj^roach of Rous, blew up the maga- HISTORICAL SKETL'Il OF ACADIK. • >.> ziiie, burst tlie Ciinuoii, set lire to the building;, uiul t\vd up the rivt'i- to St. Ann's Point, ()i)i)()sito the ruins of Fort Niislnvaak, where there was a settlement of thtnr countrymen.* IIEMOVAL OF THE ACADIENS. About the hist mentioned date, IToj, the Enjjfhsh prospects in America appeared gloomy in the extreme. For some time pre- viously the Frencli arms had met with an almost uninterrupted scn'ies of successes and were daily becoming more and more mena- cing and aggressive. The French had command of the valley of the St. Lawrence, the great lakes, and the Mississippi throughout the whole lengtli of its course, thus nearly surrounding the Eng- lish colonies. At the c(m(piest of Acadie in 1710, it had been stipulated that the French colonists should take the oath of allegiance to the Brit- ish Crown, or leave the country. Under vurious pretents they had refused to do either the one or the other, but expressed a desire to be considered "Neutral." Neither threats, remonstrances, nor entreaties, from the British authorities, availed aught with them. The Indians, with whom they were intimately associated, continued to molest the English settlers, causing the most anxicms forebod- ings. It was feared that the so-called " Neutrals," would, on the first particularly favorable opportunity, rise in their su])erior might nud overcome the few straggling English settlements, and cany the country once more under the flag of Fi-ance. It was therefore ^•In 17'il a few French IVom otlier part-i of Acathe, headed bv a priest, furmecl a settlement at ur near the mouth of tlie St. ,To!ui. This attempt at cohjnization was h)oke(l upon by tlie English autliorities at Port Royal with disfavor, and attempts were made to obtain English settlers from Boston for the lands on the river. In 17o() there were seventy-seven Frencli inhabitants at St. John, besides the priest, whose name was Jean Pierre Daiiilo. From some unexplained cuiso, they deserted the settle- ment at St. John, and removed to St. Anne's Point, and foimded the present city of Fredericton. In 1741) this settlement mimbered some twenty i'amilies. I 1 ,1 ! 1 1 ' 1 1 1 f I I ! % f .'J») J. I. FELLOWS. FELLOWS' r COMPOUND SIRUP OF HYPOPHOSPHITES ! Wll.l, l!r.>T(ll!E I'O Heclth and Vigor patients suffering from such Liseases as : CIIKONTC CONSTIl'ATION, CJIIiOMC ])V8PEl'.SLV, ASTiniA. CHRONIC I3IU)NCIinUS, CONSUMI'TION, LARYXOITL»!, CHRONIC DIARKn(l-:.\, NKRVOUS ])KinLITy, ^lELANCIIOLY, DEBILITY RESULTING FROM TYPIIOID & OTHER 1,0 W KEVP]RS, DIPTHKRITIC PROSTRA'J'ION, HYSTERIA, HYPOCHONDRIA, AMEXORRIKKA, LKUCORRIKEA, ANAEMIA, IMPIRITY OF THE ELOOD, NKRVOUS EX- CITAI5ILITY, MARA.SUMS, OR NVASTING OF THE MI'SCLES, APHONIA, OR LOSS OF VOICE, SLUGCilSHNESS OF THE LIVER, INTERRUPTED and FEERLE ACTION (II- Till-, HEART, SUFFOCATING FEELINGS CAUSED I5Y MUCOUS OBSTRUCTIONS OF THE LUNGS AND AIR PASSAGES LEADING THERE- TO, AND DEBILITY FROM VARIOUS CAUSES, MANY CASES OF WHICH APPEAR THE GENUINE MAY BE KNOWN BY THE WORDS : ^' J. I. FELLOW^S, ST. JOHN, N. B." In Water lark upon tlie Yellow Outside Wrapper surrounding eacli liottle. Igir^To see which hold the paper before a light. .j,,^ Dominion Price, SI. 50, or six for .$7.50 United States Price, $2.0 J, or six for iJlO.OO r TES s : STILMA. TI8, {KIKE A, i':x- ICÏIONS •f^ '4^ Dottle. for $7.50 )!• i$io.oa f» n V ^ « J. i, FELLOWS. FF.LLOWS COMPOUND syRiiP OF h; •.Vl( ■. JIl. -tR W. Health and Vigor patients lutt/-. 'g '.•■■' su r1 1 . ± V ES •seases as CIIPONK" COX.STli'A'MnN. Cllivv>NI(' DVSriCI'SlA, ASTIIAEA. cTiuoNTC BK(>.\( urns, o)>^t ^^I'TI5î^•. j,Ai!VxorL]s, ClIKONIC DlAftlilKKV, Vi:UV()US ï)KHlMT'i, MlrLlX'niOI.y, DEIUI.TTY RKSll-TINa VUOM J'VTMIOI D & ( >']' I ! KR ' OW .FE\ KRs, I'lP'rifl'Hirii PHOSTitAPK'X. IIYSTEHTA, llYI'oarnN DKlA, A.MKNR UWs < »F VOIOK. si;r(i(ir>!irM:.>^s OF THE liVKH. ,^ IXTKKIUl'TKD AS» FEEBLE ACTION oi- Tin: HEART, SUFFOCATJXa FKFf.lX(}.S (V\U.-ED KY Mn'Ol'S OlîSTRI'tTIOX^S OF THE LlxXG^ AXD AIR I'AS^AUES LEAJ)LNO THKRtv TO, AND PKIilLn Y FROM VARlor.S CAX'k\ the (VAuer bbl'urv * h^hl. .JSiJ^ )» Dominion' I^rtcr, United States Pimoe, or fiix for S7.50 r six f.)r$H>.()i> » ry— w»-' lESI li llBtA, IS. ;ho-:a, TT()N,S 3, utile. .r #7.50 ] i I (I HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ACADIE. ;j^> resolved to remove tlunn entirely out of the province. It was necessary to observe the greatest secrecy as to this design, in orcl*;r to take the French by sniijrise. This was successfully accom- plished ; and on the 10th September, 1755, an armed force was sent simultaneously, or nearly so, to all the principal French set- tlements in Acadie. The able-bodied men were seized and ccmveyed on board trans- port ships whi(?h wcn^ in readiness. The old and decrepit, the women and children, wert; fain to follow; and thus the whole of the French Inihitdnfx, with S(mie inc(msiderable excepticms, and niu'esistingly, save at Cliignecto, were secured and conveyed cmt of the Province, and distributed auKJUg the other colonies, from New England to Georgia. Owing to the paucity of the means of transport, and to the numerical weakness of the British force, ond the C(>nse(pient feïir which caused them to hasten their movements, members of the siime family were, in some instances, separated,, and many cases of excejitionally keen and hcnirt-rending distress occurred. One thousand of these peoph» were landed in Massa- chiuetts,,iu a state of destitution, and became a public chai-gc ; and f(mr hundred and fifteen in Pennsylvania, where they were sold as servants with tlieir own (vjusent. It Avas a sad business to all concerned ; but the victors in this strange contest seem to have done everything they could, consistent with Avhat they b(>lieved tt) be necessary to their own safety, to render the c )nditi«m of the vancpiished as little painful as possible. It is very difficult f(n' us of the nineteenth century to realize the necessity of this cruel measure. Much sentiment has been expen- ded upcm this expulsion of the Acadieus, and much obhxpiy has been heaped upon the other c )lonists therefor. Turbulent, trou- blesome, and implacably hostile to the English, most of them no doubt were; and, if guilty of the treachery and bad faith with wliich they were charged, they had no right to com})lain of the treatment which they received ; if, on the other hand, they were Il i > ' 40 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ACADIE. innocent, they liail no one to l)lame exeei)t those of their own ruci-, in Fi'iince, Cape Breton, and at Quebec, who jiractically made of them a constant menace to the English colonists of the easterji section of the continent. No donbt the sympathy for the suffer- ings of these ijeojile which must have been felt by the French government was one stimulus to the renewal of the war with Eng- land in May 1750. WAR AGAIN. The capture of the important post of Louisbourg, was one of tlu' objects most ardently desired at the commencement of the war. A projected attack by the combined English and Colonial forces — including six thousand men from New York — was abandoned, be- cause, as the English Admiral, Ilolborn, stated on his return to England at the close of the year 1757, the French had two vessels more than he had ! In the following year, however, the place fell into the hands of the English ; and, to prevent its further occupancy by the French, the fortress and town which had cost France immense sums of money were razed to the ground, and the site occuj^ied by them is now a picture of desolation. The French occ;ipation of Acadie was now drawing to a close. One by one their posts had fallen into the hands of the Enghsh, and in no place, save on the banks of the St. John, could they l)e said to have any regular settlements. In 1758, Col. Moncton was sent from Port Eoyal to take possession of the St. John river. The work was quickly accomplished ; the few French soldiers wlu» remained at St. Ann's were driven away ; the inhabitants lied t( > the woods, and the English flag waved triumphantly over the whole river territory, from the Canadian boundai-y to the sea. The ramparts of Fort La Tour were raised and strengthened, and new cannon mounted on the bastions. Some slight echo of its ancient strength and grandeur returned to the fort, and, with a garrison of one hundred and fifty men — principally New England- HISTORICAL SKETCH OV ACADIE. 41 ^ ers — presontod a livelier appearance than it had worn for many u long year. From this time its history (as Fort Frederick) was monotonons enough and differed but little» from that of any garri- 8t)ned i)ost at the present day. REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT FORMED. Up to tliis time there had be Crown of England ; and a formal treaty be- tween the English and Indians in Acadie, was executed alxmt the same time. Peace and trancpiility l)eing thus secured, the next step was to encourag<^ emigriition to tlie Province. Many of the expatriated Acadiens returned ; and, after taking the oath of alle- giance, were permitted to settle in the cohjny. The few French who had remained in scattered settlements throughout the coun- try, having lost all hope of Acadie ever again falling into the hands of their countrymen, gave in their fealty to the English. Tlie government now assisted the peoi)le in repairing the old dykes, wliich had been destroyed at the renioval of the Acaditnis in 1755, and in buihling new ones to protect the marsh lands from the in- ipir 42 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF A CADI E. riowing tides. In 1706 about five hundred and eighty jiersons from the "old colonies" settled on the Ht. John, about seventy-two miles from its mouth, at a place called Maugerville. From this time, up to the revolt of the "old colonies," in 1775, the Acadiens had an almost uninterrupted season of prosperity and peace, and rapid strides were made in the civilization and settlement of the country. The period of the licvoliitionnri/ }V<(r was, of course, one of great excitement and alarm to the xVcadiens, and much disccmifort and anxiety was felt by them. During the first two years of the war considerable sympathy for the struggling colonists was mani- fested by the people living about Cumberland Bay, but any fictive expression of their feelings was prevented by the alertness of the authorities, who j>rohibited all intercourse with the revolted colo- nists. Most of the people in those districts were born, f)r had previously resided, in the "old colonies," and had near relations there in arms against England. The French Acadiens had, from their youth up, been taught to look upon the "old colonists" as greater enemies to them than the English proper, and they, con- sequently, could not appreciate the feelings of the insurgents. PRIVATEERING RAIDS FROM :MACHIAS. Stephen Smith, of Machias, Me., a delegate to the Massachu- setts Congi-ess, made a raid on St. John in Augiist 1770. He burnt the barracks and destroyed the Fort, which was protected by only four men, and captiired a brig, of one hundred and twenty tons, laden with oxen, sheep and swine, which were intended for the British troojis at Boston. This sudden raid had the effect of putting the English authorities (m tlie alert, and vessels of war were sent to cruise in the Bay of Fundy to protect the settlements along its shores. The people of Machias, emboldened by the suc- cess which attended their first raid, attemjited to seize and hold the fort at St. John, but were driven away by a force sent from HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ACADIE. 43 Halifax. In consequeiico of this second raid on St. John, a block- liouse and stockades were erected on a hill overlooking the harbor and dignified by the name of Fort Howe. Two years after this event, about six hundred Indians assembled at the mouth of the Jemseg for the i)Uii)ose of destr(»ying the settlement of Mauger- ville, but the p(H)ple escaped across the river to Oromocto, where a fort had been erected. This was the last threat of Indian war, and, in the following year, 1780, nund)ers of Indians assc^mbled at Fort Howe, at St. John, and swore allegiance to King Georgia LAXUING OF THE LOYALISTS — ST. JOHN FOUNDED. During, and after the close of the war, about thirty thousand United Empire Loyalists, as they were called, arrived in Acadie from the United States and settled in dilïerent parts of the colony, nearly doubling the former population. About five thousand of these peojile landed at St. John on the IHtli May, 17M8, and may be said to have founded the present City of St. John, as, pi'evious to that date, it was little more than a fishing and trading station, unworthy of a name. DIVISION OF ACADIE. Previous to the year 1784, New Bnuiswick, as the county of Sunbury, formed part of the colony of Nova Scotia, or L' Acadie of the French ; in that year, however, it entered upon a sei)arate political existence ; the administratitm of the government being confided to Col. Carleton. At the time of the sej^ration from Nova Scotia, the entire poimlation of New Brunswick did not ex- ceed eleven thousand five hundred. Li the autumn of 1785 the first general elections of rei^resentatives took place ; and in Janu- ary 1786 the first Legislative Assembly was held at St. John. Two years after the Governor's appointment, the city of Freder- icton (formerly St. Ann's) was selected by him as the seat of government, and has ever since remained the capital. Since the establishment of New Bnmswick as a separate pro- 44 nrSTORICAL SKETCH OF AC'ADIE. vinoo it has Ktcudily increaspd in wealtli, population, and commer- cial and political importance. But few incidents of general interest have occun'ed in its histoiy, and these will be rapidly summed up. l^HE MIRAMICHI IIEE. "In the year 1825 a rtions, mounting, declining, and mounting again, thrcming up spouts, falling in showers or sheets, or glaring in mid- air ; the river was crimson with the reflection ; the douils took the form of flames ; the very' heavens seemed on fire ! The gale burst into a hunicane, tore through the tcnvn, wrenched trees up by their roots, and carried strong men oft' their feet. Horses broke from the fields, and galloped about in troops, snort- ing and neighing, their eyes starting from their heads and their manes on end, while the wind swelled the clatter of their hoofs to the rush of hosts. All this occurred almost instantaneously, and inspired the peo- l)le with an imi)ression akin to the spectacle — that it was the Day < )f Judgement. They threw themselves on their faces in the streets to shut out the scene, seeming to make the appeal to the moun- tains and hills to fall on them. And it did seem a burning world, with the fire raging like a sea, in mountainous waves; the sky glowing like a furnace ; the hunicane breaking in peals and crashes; and the scorched air flapping as vnth a million wings." It was only by the exercise of the greatest diligence and most strenuous eflfort that any portion of the city was saved. The fire seems to have burst out in every quarter at once, for it 4(i JAMIvS MCLUKK .^ CO. PHOTOGKAIPHS OP ! WHOLESALE AND liETAIL. JAS. McCLURE & Co. ISTo. IG KTISIG^ STREET, SAINT JOHN, N. B. fl/.MEO pHOTO^, J]!!aF^D3 /JMD jliyVBINET^, îpxiniiï mi x^ifiLma^. Porcckiins of a Superior Fiiiit?li. FRAMES in VELVET. GILT and WALNUT, AT *' WOODBUKN'S GALLERY," Ifi King Stuekt, SAINT JOHN, N. B. I f,^^i;l^■^>ï». • : : 1 î ' ■' • ! ) 'T '!i ) WHOLESALK AslJ UKTAIU ^\S. McCLURE & Co. No. IG KINO STliKKT. ' ' \ SAINT JOHN, N. H. > t ) p^HOTOg, -fÎAFîDS /f\D jHyVBiNETg;' iuiiiin» of a Superior Fiiii.-3îV*.. ;. FRAMTS ;-r VELVET, GILT anc SVALNUT. *♦ U'KN'S UALLERV. AX - - 10 KiNti vSTRKET, SAINT JOH J«^ 's) Mr(;i.iUE, Photo. Kins Spare, St. Jolm, St. John, N. II nnMHiB I ' il ! JIlSTolMCVi, SKKTCII OK ACVDIK. 40 ltrok(» out lit Miraiuiclii tli(> Hiini!' mniuMit us iit Frpdrrictnii, tli(^k. The water became so hot that large salmon and otlier Hsh lea])t'il ou shore, and were afttu'wards found dead in heai)s along the banks of the river. Many of the peojde con- trived to reach Chatham by the river ; but floating ccu'pses showed how many perished in the attempt. Newcasth>, a Hourishing town of one thousand inhal)itants, was left a smoking ruin, witli scarcely a house left standing, not one uninjured; and the road was strewn with the blackened ashes (f men and women. One wimnin had so disi)osed herself as to cover her infant while she burned to a cinder above, and the child was taken from beneath aliv<^ — a witness to the sublimest instance of maternal devotion ever recorded." Nearly three hundred lives were lost, by fire or drowning, five hundred and uinety-live buildings and eigiit hundred and seventy- five head of cattle were destroyed, and ov»^r six thousand square miles of country were swept by the ilames. Tlie loss of property was estimated at .£2()l:,82:^ stg., and the value of the timber bunied ! J i ilhi I'f » .'«0 ]Î!ST0«1CAL SKETCH OF AC'ADIK. at .0)(),()()(). ContributioiiH to the nmonnt of je37,HH3 were reeeivod from Eupliiiid, the United StateK, and tli'^ neighbouring eolonies, and XeAvetistle was soon rebuilt in a styl<^ of f^'(>ater stability and benutv. I, (illEAT FT1Œ IN ST. JOHN. On the J4ih January 1H:}7, a great tire occurred in St, John, by which one hundred and fifteen Btores and houses, about one third of the comnieiv ial portion of the city at that time, were destroyed. The ]o8H was estimated at £2,'5(),UO() stg. BOUNDAEY ])ISPUTES. In 1H8Î), disputes arose Ix'twetni New Brunswick and the State of Maine* as to their common boundary line; when the latter made prei)aratious to invade this Province, New ]3run8wick ajipro- priated the whole of its revenue, and Nova Scotia £]()(),()()() and eight thousand men in defence of this Province. Through the exertions of the Governor, Sir John Haney, actual hostilities w(>re avoided. These disi)ute8 were finally setth>d in 1H42 by the " Ashburt. m Treaty" — by which the most fertile 2)ortion of the vall(>y of the St. John, including the region Avatered by its tribu- taries, the Aroostook, the Fish Eiver, ihv Allegash, &c. ; covering some 8,()(M),(I0(> acres, were surrendered to the United States. *Tii 17l>-, Governor Bernard, of Masj^ii'-Iuiselts, and (îcnernor Belcher, of Nova Sootiii, bad a eorrespondenee whieli was ended by Mr. Belcher as follows: "Inuist, nevertbeles-, witb inucb satisfaction, accept t be assur- ances you give me, tliat you shall not make any grants of any of the lands Avest ward of the Eivcr St. Croix ; * * * and I sball, on my part, Tuit consent to any further grants from tbis Province, until tlie ([uej-tion is deter- mined at bonie.' It was not determined until settled by treaty at tlie close of the Bevolulionarv War, and then the St. Croix was nuide tlie boundarv. In the provisional agreement made in 1782 it was decided that the *' East- ern boundary of the United States should run aloiig tlie St. Jolm River, from its source to its mouth in the Bay of Fundy." Tlie boundary line lx!tween tbe St. Croix and the St. John was very indefinitely laid down in . be treaty of 17^.'}, hence tlie disputes in 18.'W. f HI.SIOHICAI- SKKTCII OF Al ADIK. 51 KAILWAYS. Fn 1H44, only t'ourtceu y«>ar.s after tin* (»i)('iiiii the i)e()ple of New lîrunswick at the polls in LSf)."), was defeated ; in the following year, however, the scheme, with some alterations and modifications, was carried. An Act was afterwards passed by the English Parliament, and under its provisions, New Brunswick became, on the 1st July, 1S()7, a member of the Dcmiinion of C-anada. Whether Confederation was ji measure calculated to promote the best interests of New Brunswick, or not, is not the province of this work to discuss ; let us hope, however, that it was, and that, as the union between the provinces draws closer and cl(>ser each succeeding year, the people may become more and more united in their efforts to put down injustice, tyranny and wrong, and iu jmmiotiiig "Peace on earth, good will toward men." ini: ! "I f ' It .■ t il I^EW p P RUNS WICK JESCRIPTIYE li This Province is situated l)ctw(HMi 45^ and -iH-' 7' North Latitude, and G3° 50' (59° West Longitude. Its length, from Nova Scotia on the S(nith-east, to the rnninct; of Quebec, on the north-west, is one hundred and ninety niih>s ; breadth, from th(^ State of Maine, on the soiith-cast, to the Straits of Northumberland on the north-east, one hundred and forty miles. It is situated nearly in the centre of the North Temp. Zon(> ; and has an area of 27,105 nq. miles, or 17,347,300 acres, with a populatitm, according to the censtis of 1871, of 285,777. One of the most important features in the topography of the Province is the great extent of its sea-coast, amounting to four hundred miles, (exclusive of the numerous indentaticms of the shores) which is very nearly e(pially divided between the Gulf of St. Lawrence, including Northumberland Straits, and the Bay of Fundy. Along both coasts there are many excellent harbours, and other advantageous localities for shipbxiilding, as well as for the prosecution of the fisheries and the timber trade — the three great staples of the Province. BAYS. The Bay of Fundy — famous for its tides and storms — is an extensive inlet of the Atlantic, almost worthy to be called a sea, is about two hundred miles in length, and varies in breadth from thirty to seventy miles, and separates this Province from Nova Scotia. Chignecto and Cumberland Bays are c(mtinuations of the Bay of Fundy, and witnessed many stirring scenes in connection with the earlier histoiy of Acadie. A large branch runs into Nova i 5 >' KW BRU NS WIC K — B ICSC U I TTI V K. ;).i Scotia uiulor the severiil nnmoH of Minas, clinnnol and basin, and Coboqnid Bay. Anotlior larpje oftslioot, called Passaniaquoddy Bay, forms part of the bonndary between tliis Province and the State of Maine. Baie des Chaleurs — so named by Jacijues Car- tier, its discoverer, because of the great heat there on the day of its discovery, 9th July, 1584: — is a very deej) and spacious bay, second only, so far as New Brunswick is concerned, to the Bay of Fundy. Like that bay, it may almost be called a sea, being eighty- eight miles in length and from eleven to twenty-seven in breadth, .md resembles it also in having a number of minor bays within its limits. TIDES. Few c;)untries on the face of the globe present a more ojiposing tidal rang(^ than this and the adjacent Province of Nova Scotia. On the St. Lawrence side of both Provinces, the tides enter and reced(> fnmi the harbours, when not impelled by violent winds, in a C()mi)aratively imperc('i)tibl(^ manner ; rising, in some parts of the Gulf, not more than four feet (»n the average, while in others the ordinary flow is about six feet. In direct contrast, Ixjth -w-ith the moderate elevation and rapidity of tinsse tides, will be found those of the Bay of Fundy, although tlie two are sei)arated by a narrow neck of land not more than liftecMi miles in width — between Bay Verte and the head of the Bay of Fundy. Indeed if the Aboideaux built across the streams at th(> head of these bays wer(> removed, their tidal waters would be f;ei)arated by an undulating ridge not more than three miles and a half in width ! The tides of tlu> ]îav of Fuudv have always attracted much att(^ntion, on account of the great ebb and flow, and the manner in which the tide enters the narrow bays and runs up tlu> rivers, both in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, The great tidal wave enters the Bay of ï'undy at its wid(^ tiuinel- like mouth, and is kept from spreading by its rov'ky walls, and is gradually forced into a narrow c;mipi;ss as in a tunnel's neck. IT [ill I m I'l W III I' li l^ ' 54 NKW inirxswrcK dk^jcriptivk. Hor Wiitcrs rise witli firent rapidity, rushing' up ut the head of the bavH, and up the river cliannols, in what is called a "liore," sometimes four or six feet in height. On tlie Petitcodiae river, near the bend at Moncton, this phenomenon can be seen to the f^'eat(^st advantanf<\ (Tt is (mly ut the heifj^lit of the spring-tides, however, that it can be seen. ) The tides rise, at their highest, to jibout sixty feot, at the head of the bay, and from twenty to twenty- six at the mouth of the St. John river. The exaggerated descripticm of the tides in the Jiay of Fundy, |2fiven in the works of some of tlie world's most noted astroncmiers and geograi:)hers, are worthy of nMuark. Sir J. Herschell and ])r. Traill, si)eak of si)ring tides at Annapolis, N. S., "of the surpris- ing height of one hundred and twenty feet." Others, more mod- erate, place them at one hundred feet; but Hughes, Headmaster of the lloyal Naval School at Greenwich Hospital, Eng., throws all others into the shade. H(^ says : "In the Bay of Fundy there are extraordinary high tid(>s ; a vast wave is seen for thirty miles oft', ai)proaching with a jn-odigious noise, stmietimes rising in the bay to the height of one hundred and even one hundred and twenty feet! On 8(mie occasions, the rapidity of the waters is so great as to overtake the animals feeding on its shores." Love of the mai-vellous, or indifferent indolence regarding the truth, may have prompted these absurd statements in the first instance — statements which are al)out as credible as those rela- ting to the i)oor-relation, monkey-theory, now being advanced by some of the so-called .s'c/Vv///.s'A'<, — but there is no excuse for their <;outinued publi(\ation in the text-books of geograjjhy, in use throughout the world. FORESTS AND STREAMS. There is not a C(mntry in the world as beautifully wooded and -watered as New Brunswick. There is scarcely a portion of it without its streams, frcmi the babbling brook by the wayside, up Ni':vv imrxswrcK -dkscrii'Tivi:. f t') the lonllj, iiiiijcHtic rivor. Wliilt' the l)i'uuty uiid rii-luu hh of its river and luke s(U'iu'ry is rarely surpaHseil. Hiiiuan laiif?u:if?e is ina(le(inatc properly to dcHcribe tlio autumnal beauty of llic for^'sts. "Many varieti(\s of the pine, iuterniin«cl{Hl with birch, inapl(>, beech, oak, and nunierouH other tribes, branch luxuriantly over the banks of lakes and river — extend in stately fj;randeur alonj; the plains, and stri'tch i)roudly up to the very sunnnits of the mountains. Two or three frosty nights in the decline of autumn, transform the boundless verdure of a whole empire int:o every ini- maginable tint of brilliant scarlet, ri(^h violet, every shad»^ of blue and brown, vivid crimson and glittering yellow. The stem, inex- orable fir tribes alon«^ maintain their eternal sond)re green. All others, on mountain, or in valley, burst into the most glorious vegetable beauty, and exhibit the most splendid and enchanting panorama (m earth." " Two very dilt'erent impressions, in regard to the Province, will be produced on the mind of the stranger, according as he contents himself with visiting the towns and inspecting the hinds which lie along the sea-board, or, ascends the rivers, or penetrates l)y its numerous roads into the interior of its more central and northern counties. In the former case, the naked clift's, or shelving shores, of granite, or other hardened rocks, and unvarying forests will awaken in his mind ideas of hopeless desolation ; and i)()verty and barrenness appear necessarily to dwell within the iron-bound shores. But, on the other hand, if the stranger penetrates beycmd the Atlantic shores of the ijrovince, and travel through i\w. interior, he will be struck by the number and beauty of its rivers, by the fertility of its river islands and intervales, by its populous smiling valleys and rich table-lands, and by the great extent and excellent condition of its roads, which cross the country in every direction. ' THE AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITIES of New Brunswick are, in many respects, unsurpassed. Of the area of the province, ab mt 14,003,000 acres are tit for profitable V w s • In 11 I Î m ^ SHARP .(^ ( (). h I ' iti !}■ STIAKT> c^ Co., AND GENEKAL IMPOltTEUS OF Frencli, Enilisli and American Millinery and Fancy Goods, Feathers, Flowers, Rililious, Laces and Edgings, Silks, Dress Goods, Sliawls, Sacunts, Skirts, HOSIERY, (I LOVES, SMAI.LWARES, ,^i, CS^DltKes AND MaNTI.K INFaKIIvO IKINK hN THE l'l!FM I" KS. No. 10 KiEg Street, Saint John, N. B 1 ; I lowers, irîs, K.iKl' A, Ct», SIX AJvM» vK: Co., :i;:^ ::! Lta LLa L£ 1^ 02J OLi ^^ & AN:P «JKNKBAr. IMPOKTEliS OF Ymù. ?mM and Aniericaii EMsy M Mf Goods, Yulm.i, Flowers. ^■iijMiis, jices aii(i Ed^iMs, ^iilis, te-ML: Siiawls, Saccues, Skirts, IfOSIKRV. (il.nVF:^, SMALL WARES, &<, C#' iMtWS AM» MaNTI.K AfAKIXG î>0»F, <>N TIIK I'HKMI- K.t* No. 10 Kirp Street, Saiat John. N B ■' li «^ .4 nmn. ans, Mcr'i.iiiE, Photo. Grand Falls, Nepissipit River. St .Tohn, X. a. XKWnRUXSNVICk' DI'oCKII'TIVR. .V.> cultiviitiitii, and iirc uccrnsiblc fntni till Hides nf the couiiti'v. TluTt» are alxmt (ll),00() aercs of alluvial laiulH, (Mdlcd mars/i, some of which are said t<> have been prodiu'in^ hirf(<' crops of excelh'nt hay for ui)wardH of one hundn'd years ; and this too, without luiv- inp: been manured ! Athon^h AtaucrTiTiKAi, Sociktiks were established in the pro- vince nearly forty years a^'o, for the purpose of " promoting and encoura<,nnrnin^afj^ricultnral subjects ;" farminpf operations in the province are cari'ied on, with some few honorable exceptions, in the most slovenly and unscientiiic manner. Nevertheless the farmers of New lirunswick, as a class, are hajjpy, healthful and contented ; and, for the most i)!irt, in circumstances of compiirativ(> ease; rejoiciufï in the possession (»f larj^e crops of roots, cei-eals, i\:c. New Brunswick, in the g.-owth of wheat, is not, jx'rhaps, to be compared with some of 1h ' far-famed {j;rain-j>Towin^' States of Lho American Union, but it is only from the want of a more systematic method of aQ:ricultun>, that it New England States, and many of ilio others, in the jn'o- du;^tion of b.irley, oats, biickwheat, potatoes, butter and salt. THE CLIMATE is as varied as the rockv shon^s (;f tlu> Bav of Fundy — cold and lUvMir or warm iind pV'asant, according to locality. Those sec- ticms of the Province lying along the Bay possess a milder and more equable climat<; than those farther inland, or thost» on the (lulf coast, as the heat of summer is tcMupered and shoni of its tierccniesa by the dense fogs which come sweeping in otY the New- foundland Banks with the sou-westers ; and the frost liberated heut of t'i'> Avatars, br)rn'> 0:1 t!ie s.im"" propiticm:; winds, prevent IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V ., fA 1.0 l.l IM IIIII25 ;; IM |||||Z2 ' ii£ mil 2.0 1.25 III 1.4 1.6 V^ à //, cr-l ê. âA 'm .^% ^. /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N. Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 &?x !?< w- w. (50 NEW BRUNSWICK ])K,SCRirTlVE. i •1 I r ' m li the occurrence of the extreme cokl which marks the reigu of winter iu the central and more northern portions. A good idea regarding the chmate on the seaboard may be obtained by an examination of the following Tables, compiled from observation taken at Saint John, by Mr. (I. Murdoch, C. E. : TABLE I. .MISOM TKi,.- IlKilir.STTKMl'KllATUltE IX E.\( II MO.NTII DlUINCi TIIK LAST TK.V VI.AIiS. Year. J H 11. Fi'l). 40. Mar. 47. April (iO. Miiy. June 81. July. 80. Aug 75. Sept. Oil. Oct. (10. Nov. .52 Di'C. 1S(U 4'.i. ISl).") -.V). ;;!». 4S. .■)7. 07. 7;^. 74. 74. 70. 57 .5(). 40., 18tW 40. 47. 43. .W. 08. 87. 8ri. 70. ()8. (il- 5:5. 51.1 181)7 H."). 41). 4() iVi. ()8. 7l'. 78. 75. 08. (il. 5t). 41. 181)8 :'.»). 41. 4(). rvi. ()"). 07. 1 1. 7;^. (■8. 5:1 5:^. 40 ; 18()i( 4L'. 41. 4«. ')7. O.S. T.i. 7(). 74. 0'.". 71. 5(). 50. 1870 4.") 4;-). 50. 01. 0'.). 77. 80. 1 t. 72. 0) 50. 42. 1871 44. 4i. 40. ;"';i 7:{. 71. 82. ( 1 . 07. 5.H. 45 187-J ;58. ;57. 41. 08. (M. 79. 78. H». 08. 1)1. 53 41. 187.-Î 4;'). .".8. 4L'. nl). 70 71. 82. 80. 71. 72 52. 51. TABLE II. AIJSOI.UTKLV LOWKSTTK.MI'KUATUUE I.\ EACH .MO.NTII I>ritlN(i TIIK. I.AST TE.N YKAIi.- Year. Jan. Feb. 1804 -11. -10. 1865 — 5. 1. 18()() •)•) -12.1 1807 — 1.!. - 4.Î 1808 -11. — S.! ]8()!) — 7_ .". 1870 — i . — 8. 1871 -21. -15. 1872 — !l. — 4. 187.3 — K». 10. Jlivr. April May. 10. 10. 35 10. 24. 32. ;>. 27. .35. • >. 2,3 .31. — i . 10. 31. - 3. 24. '2^.1 •» 2.3 32. 17. 20. 34. -10. 24. 3.3. 8. •2(). 30. J)ine July Aug. .Sept. 42. 50. 52. .37. 40. 51. 40. 39. Stl.i 51. .51. .39. 4.3.1 54. 50. .3fi.! 44.' 45. 4(). 37. 43.' 40. .51. 40. 48. 50. 48. 42. 43. 51. 41). .'^9. .3it. 50. 52. 47. 38.! 51. 45. • II . Oct. Nov. I>fC. 31. •)•) 'A'. 18. 23. 2.'!. 25. 29. 31. .30. 20. -14. 14. - 9. 19. — 0. 10. —12. 14. 0. 19. 1. 10.- 1. 0.-1.3. 1.5.-10. 1.'- 9. TABLE III. .MEAN- MONTIir.V TI-LMIM' UATIRI', r)F EACH MONTH )UIU.\(i TIM : i.A.si TEX VEAKS Yeah. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May. June July Aug. Sept. Oct Nov. Doc. 1804 21.3 2i.4 29..3 ;i5.7 49.1 54.0 ,58.;; ,59.5 53.3 44.7 ,37.4 23.5 180,5 10.1 22.3 31 9 ,39.4 48.0 .55.3 00.0 00.1 ,5().2 42.7 ,37.0 22.4 18()0 14.4 21.4 20..3 39.1 4().5 ,54.5 01.7 ,59.2 55.0 44.3 37.4 25.9 18()7 14.0 23.5 /5.7 .30.4 40.4 ,50.1 00.3 01.3 54.8 44.7 34.3 1,5.5 18()8 14.8 10.4 27.') .3.3.0 40.7 .52.(5 ,59.0 58.0 51.2 41.9 :V2.3 21.8 18()9 20.2 24.7 20.1 ;«.5 4().0 ,55 ,3 ,5!l.4 ,58.9 55.3 40.0 3J.2 20. () 1870 25.,3 21.1 27.5 40.0 45.3 .50.8 00.0 ,59.8 54.0 4().4 3(5.8 25.5 1871 10.7 19.8 31.9 .30.8 44.7 54.3 00.3 59.9 ,53.0 47.8 .30.3 20.5 1872 19.4 21.7 20.7 37.3 4().2 ,54.9 00.5 00.2 .55.3 40.0 35 (5 1(5.5 , 1873 20.2 18.3 19.4 21.3 28.7 .37.5 37.4 40.1 40.() 53.2 54.8 59.7 r).).9 59.4 .5y.() 53.4 -54.0 48.0 45.3 28.5 34.4 22.0 22.1 mean of 27.0 10 yrs. NKW URINSWUK — DIOSC'RIl'TIVK. TABLE IV. M'.MIÎKU or DAYS AMI NKillTS IX KACII MONTH ON WHICH KAIN OR SNOW I'KIM. .liiii Ki'li. Mill-. A )r. .M.i.v. June July X Aug Sept 1 Oi't. Nov. Dec.i ■/. ■/. j X ■r. x t X ' ■ » i X m X ■/. — 73 ^ * . — 7) I — M ^ « ,s X i_- \ KAR. r- tci -' .L*- -■ !^ -■ ."■ « .1' ? iC >. tc ï:- ;i c- bc ::■ se :j- te p .u, 4| 7 .iii ;< := i< aji^i « ■< « y 8 4 J5i 5 5:^ f) ;■) â^i^zajzj^i?, ;;^ ]H(U 510 4 7 () 8 10 10 8 4, 7 10 10 il 7 14 ISli.-) 7; () r> 4 10 S 4 ir, 12 14 <; 4 i) 5 7 ;V 5 1 4 .") )) 7 t) 7 IHI)') W () 7 ') H( 8 8 7 y 12 .'{ 7 M 7 7 f) il 14 4 il 7 () 8 1 1HI)7 10 4 (■) '.) 71 7 lo 12 14 i» .") 7 i» 10 7 8' ;{ 7 fi 7 11 14, (1 12 IStiS Ô () 7 H ti ;{ 5 10 (»12 8 ic. :i ;i t) 8 11 11 il 7. <) 10; 7 8 ]Si!l 4 f) "lo 1:.' 8 W 8 7 8 7 8 5 7 (5 ') n (! () 8 11 lo il l:-i 1H7() 9 14 10 '.» !. 4 4 11 !l 1) () 7 6 {)' 4' 7 ") t), 7 iri4l4 11,12 ];;7i !•_• 14 8 '.Ml l.S l:n4 S it 8 8 8 tl 7 12 (i () 11 8 si 7:!ll il lS7li il 10 7 7 11,;") s 4 U 1Ô: G 14 tUl il, il, il 10 8 11 loii;ni:lli 1S7;{ 10 10 4 r, ()' <» 8 5 10 ir>' 7' !) « 8' ()i h\ 7 7 t) t) ! TABLE V. IfAIN IWM, IN IN( m;.-» l'OU KACIl MONTH SNOW WATT.U I Nii.ri»i:i>. \ ti.l 12.1 0.' 1-! Year. Jan.' Fol). M.U-. April' May .luiK' July Aug Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 18tU 4.0:5: 4.18 l.ilO ;',.iM l.ii7 0.ÎI2 1.70 7.24 4.ilil 5.Si) .5.4^ 7.04 18():> r)..S2 2.41 5. 21) il 7.45 :5.tîi 2.7à 4.74 2.'I0 2.40 4.11, 7.84 2.42 7.O0 4.721 1877 4.21 ' ;-) ;!7 ;5.iil 4.42 5.7ii .•{.•i5 W.W 0.85' 1.51 (i.70 5.47 5.0ii ]8()8 ;î.17i ô.Oi \\:x\ •.\.\- 5.51 i-i.SO 1.01) .",.881 7.48 2.80 8.(W 3.22 1 Still 2.31 S.iç 4.70 :iii7 5. ,5:5 11.44 2.o;t 1.51 2.1s 4.i);i (1.31 t).05 1870 lO.oit 8.48 2 80 5.s;$ 2. Ht) ;?.14 \.l\>, 2.48! 4,04 8.77 ().4t) 4.80i 1871 X\'.\ 2.58 .■{.lil ;'>.87 W ,S5 4.05 \',M 4,7;5I ;?25 11.08 .3.41 4.44 1872 ").;ii 2.;^:! 5.4 ; 2.80 8.20 1>X\ 4.48 4.70 4.88 0.72 7.01 4.72 187;i 0.74 2.21 ;}..5'.i 2.82 1.8.? 4.1)5 4.18 2.78 4.48 4.80 4.41 4.10 iiiefiii of 4.81 4.1)1 ;î.85 .'^.ilil 4.ill) ;!.;«) \\.\\ 4.0s 4.1ii 5 2.' 5..S2 4..85 10 yrs. ' RECAPITULATION. EAIi'' 23.5 22.4 25.i) 1.5.5 21.8 2(').t) 25.5 20.5 1().5 22.t) 22.1 tkmim-:ratuiik. , i Rain Fa ,1,- -Snnw 1 vafor inc'huled. ç 1 Sp'g Sum A'tin Will Total. Rain. Ykar. '/- 7- 1." Yi:ar. .\i L m r" ■ji ■r 4; -^ > V \jz T^ - X JS 'f- '^ X •S ^ co -r ^-.i bt >i tc ^\ te i-. i tl 60 Si— a — C5 * Hh *-« »-< lil 23 20 20 25 23 10' ;u 80 97 49.74 1801 40.70 81.0 -14.0 ii8.o 1801 18();5 40 il5 70.0 — 9.0 85.0 1805 20372214,15 13 1817 81 81 50.25 18()0 40. .53 87.0—22.0 lO'.I.O 1.801 , 25 27 13 20 24 25 17 lil 7il in ,52.08 1807 3il.47 78.0—13.0 ill.O 1807 31 28 21 25 20 28 22 25 il4 100 .55..55 1808 38.1i) 77.0—11.0 8S.0 181)8 •20 -25 17 21 21 i •28 19,17 82 91 50.48 1809 41.03 7ii.O — 7.0 83.0 18;9 30 -24 18 20 22 •24 20 '-'S ilO illi 51.09 1870 41. 5i) 80.0 — 8.0 88.1» 1870 •22 21 1() -23 20 •2i» 30 .35 il4 lOS 03.78 1871 3it.72 82.0 —21.0 103.0 1871 32,30 •2;5 -20 •25 21 ;il |32 111 115 40 G\ 1872 .39.53 80.0— Iti.O il'i.O 1872 •28 24 21 :u •27 34 27i28 103 120 (iO.lO 1873 .3il.73 80.0—10.0 9;i.o 1873 24 2il •21 22 19 19 18 21 1 82 91 40.:4 fir 1 i, : «}2 NEW r.Rl'NSWICK -DESCIM 1»TIV E. By comparing tlu> forc^going Tiibk's -witli the folloAviug obsei-Vii- tioiis taken sit Bass Rivor, Kent County, tlie difference in climate will be reaelily observed. AHSOI.UTKI-V IlIGIIKS" TKMIT.IÎA TIKK. rs 1871 1872 B 4(1.(1 .•1().8 v 4r).(i .'59.1 Ù S 57.1- ;59.3 < 54.9 59.(j a *-. 82.0 (58.9 1 >^ 84 .9 89.U 82.2 87.0 til ■< 8:5.0 87.2 c «.' 77.(1 80.0 O ^-' 71.1 70.0 c 52 2 55.8 i i « 1 4(5.7 ;?5 8 .3 il AUSOIiUTKI.Y I.OWR.^T. i -. < W 5 ^. ;187I •>•) 'V V) 12.1 —10.0 1.5..", 20.;5 ;ai 4().i 41.1 ;!2.o 22.;? 0.0— u.-s ;1872— lM.O-l;i.O— 17.4 21.(5 28.4 ;;9.0 42,:'. :;(),8 :i7.0 19.0 S.l— 17.0 .MKAX MONTIILV ') ■K.MrKHATlUi; 1871 12.9 14.4 1872 15.:; 17.(1 1 I :i().9 ;î4.9 17.(') :5i).l %■ 5 4(5.9 58.:5 45.8 tW.,} 64.7 (54.8 (52.8 49.1 (518|.".(5.() O 44 (i 4:5.0 x. a ; 27.:-5 15.0 ;51.2 11.9 The temperature at St. John is about live degree» AvaruKn* in Winter, and over four degrees cooler in Sunnner, than that at Bass Biver ; Avhile the Spring and Fall climate of the two places coiTes- pond vei-y closely. The fluctuations in the temperature are not as great along the Bay shore as at localities farther inland and remo- ved from the immediate influence of the fogs and sea breeze. The fog-belt does not extend more than ten or twelve mil(>s irdand, so that, at any time during the summer, a change of climate from (me of forty-five degrees, to one of eighty or nii:ety, may be easily (►btained — a journey of a few mile^ b:>ing all that is necessary. COURSE OF THE SEASONS. Winter is fairly established by tlu^ middle of December ; in Jan- uary the thaAV common to thiii latitude commences; in February the snows are deepest, but seldcim exceed four fee t in the northern ,r ' 'P r ■«^1— -' — ■ . ^■•.«■•Ti^^yH- '^t^m.i NEW BRUNSWICK ])E.SCRII'TIVE. (•..". portion of t)ie I'roviiice, luid throe foet in the southern portion ; Spring commences about the fifth of March ; the weather during- September and October is delicious ; and is decidedly the pleu- santest portion of the year. Inland naviga^^ion closes about the twentieth of Xovember — the St. John Rivei being frozen over as early as the fifth of that m(>ntli, and at other times remaining ojkmi until the sixteenth of December — but varies with the season. lin Jan- [bruary hrthern LUMBEllING ( )PE11ATI( )NS in the Province — with which the climatic changes are so intimately connected — have been characterized by the same wilful waste anil extravagance which has resulted in the denuding of the great lunx- ber regions of Michigan and other Western and North-western States; and now, material which was formerly reje(^ted as worth- less is ab(mt all that is left, in many sections of the province, of its once noble forests. It is true that in some portions of the pro- vince, there are extensive jjine forests in which the ring of the woodman's axe is, as yet, an almost tinknown sound. J)ifliculty of communication, between these tracts and the seaboard, lias be(Mi their safeguard in the past, but the rapidly exijanding railway lines Avill, in a few years, annihilate the distance, and then these forests will vanish like the dew beiVn'e the noon-day sun. One very objectitmable feature about the lumber l)usiness as (uirried on in this province is the participation of the farmers in the speciilations of the trade. In many sections of the country the men leave the women and children to care for the farms and stock, as best they may, while they go otï to the woods for the winter. This practice of ccmbining the two pursuits of farming and himbering is not only damaging to the best interests of the people themselves, but to the countiy at large, as the farms occu- pied by these peojile, from want of in'oper care and attention, are constantly deteriorating in value and productive qualities ; thus preventing the province from attaining to that positi(m anumg tlu' lAMMEH (H SV.W BRl'XSWICK J)KS('KIiTlVK. i I agricultural couutrics of tluMvorld to which, by reason of the natu- ral ami ac(|uirc(l fertility of her soil, she is justly entitled. I » I n 0) O" I I ft e4H :3 o a ' -^ o 02 O H O w O « M H -^ PQ H ^^ s Ph M " O ^ M !^ H ^ w H I— I M ce « w r*n M O « X I— I o H 00 o o o ' X' cc r I * ' 5' ■— ■/: '^ ' '^ 5: '»" ^ — -. ..: r-. — V \r -x ir. c.ir. i-; ,:^ r -:? b"x - X = -p s '£1;^ .--• :^ (-5 X X X 1- -T -M T-: tt vc -. :-. \c ^ c; •T-T -*■>.-. ti;: -iTC îC ce Î 1 CO f— • Cu ~. 1 - 1 - X .— 1 - ■— 1- 1 ^- " 1 f— 1^ .__ f c ■--. —. 1 1 ^ •. -: ~. ""; c- I - 1 - •— ce r-» X •— *. ^- iC 1 - ™ 1 - ~. ~ r— le ^— r-^ ^ "" s 1 J: ^x „^\ ^-x r,* X ic c-i X r: ■>! ^? -f 1 - ~ ~ 1 - ^_l 3J w- ,e -r-.-I.C 1^ -. i- re -r^ n 1 - 1 - -r c. -r i.C tC X "C X .~ C .r: X 1- X i-x X r. r- 1 »— ' r-i f Η I ce •— « t— 'r— è^i •~ c; ■>-' c a Oi lie c^ ic X "-; X e I — o i!e X c. •^ — cf-r— . C-. .— Xl-ÇT'—O.-l- Si -^ 1.: \c w ce -^ -^ 1^ c c -Z 1 1 - ie:'eri(e"'i'ce"i- ^ cee-ir- *i-.'ce" i- ir X e-i ce ~. le ei I - — 'C ire r - re 3-, ite ce cc CI ce ■— s ce X ^ X — cT I - 1 -• ce ce' T-î x' X ce -t -.e" ~.' ' i e cee^ci-T-*f I.. '— XX xi.e le "^•ê 1-^ «W cci— icei^xc; cec>ei-i~cr. ccice i-ceiecci-'-e'icei--»-o— x r. -^ ^ e 1 \c c:_ — ._ -r x_ ci i— _ w% x_ i.e— '■^'-f'>e:"x'-i-i~ie ."e -T — ' — * I- — — ei — -ii-y^-xcriiece ci X en-r-ce ~i x_— r;!- c -T -ri 1 e I - ir: ■■£ tc — ' i - o —' 'C -i" x x' r-. I ~ X C-. -t X X !C ce i-( ce C-. ■•e S". I - ~. QC c* CM -r X CI c i.e -r x X X X CI ce >/t i.e ce ir ic w. •!• ce'x'ce'x'i-Tce'ce ce'sTce'iie'-^' ce«ct-cji-~x-t-cei-c^. wî r- ce i-< c| o ce -^ X cj 't; ri c-i cî-f'cîi -r— "\:;'— 'oc'x'ce'oie'iC-. ,-r_^,^„,-,^,-,r-.-,-r-.|X CI ce -* iC "^ l~ or c: C r-t c) ce • r -^ --ç « '^ X 5C -x I - 1 - 1 - 1 - X 00 00 X) 00 X X X X X X -JO The total value of the produce of the forests of New Brunswick -including many articles not enumerated in the abovf 'xble — NEW imrNSWIl'K DKSCEIPTTVE. t.:. exported from tlie difibrent ports of tli«^ Province duriuf? the fiscal year eiidiiif? on the 8()tli Jnne 1873, uh sliown by the CuHtoni House retimiH, amounted to S'Î,*.*7H,')S] ; of wliicli aniount St. John contributed nearly two-thirds, or iji!2,427,ît42. The total value of all the exports from the Province during the same year, was but Sr),-487,315, or ^1,4:70,64:7 less than double the value of the lumber exported. It is imi)ossibl(? to form a correct estimate of the ipiantity and value of the lumber requireil for hom(^ con- sumption ; but that it is very large, is shown by tlu^ fact that at least ninety-five per cent, of the buildings erected in the Province are l)uilt entirely of wood. ; ïi SHIP BUILl)IX(i — another imi)ortant branch of Provincial industry, and one which merits a much more extended notice than our space will allow it to receive — causes a Cfmstant and heavy drain upon the timber resources of the country. Heavy importations of pitch inne timber and lumber are matle yearly from the Southern States to meet the requirements of the business. " J(mathan Leavitt, one of the first settlers at St. John, built a small schooner there before 1770. This vessel w'as named the "Monneguash," that being the Indian name of the peninsula on which the eastern part of the City of St. John now stands. In 1773, a large schooner was built at Miramichi, and named the " Miramichi, " by Wm. Davidatm, the first British settler (m that river. From these two vessels the Province dates its shipbuilding, which may be said to have grown up with it, gradually increasing until it has attained its present extent and value." Fonnerly, a very large proportion of the vessels built in the Pr()\-ince, were built under contract for foreign owners and shippers. But of late years a great change has taken place in this respect, and now New Brunswick built sliips are owned and sailed by proviucialists ; and the Dominion of Canada, thanks to the courage and enterprise 1; ii lit I il 00 HENHV R. SMITH. NEW BOOKSTORE! SlîïSfEir E, fSMl'fJt, p GOKSELLEP,^ AND OTATIONER No. 1 L K I N G S T 1 1 I : J : T sti 1 I* ! ALL THE STANDARD EXCiLISH AND AMEllICAN PUli- LICATIONS, MAGAZINES, PERIODICALS AND LITERARY PARERS. FOOLSCAP, LETTER, NOTE, ACCOUNT, RLOTTINd AND TISSUE PAPERS ; FANCY AND INITIAL NOTE PAPER AND ENVELOPES. Nc'\v^ I3^Tl]ls^v'icl^: Sei'ics oi'Sohool l^oolvs. BLANK IVIEMOKAXDTTMS AND POCKET BOOKS. iis^ s.^:^ sj- c^ ^2" (:^c^^^i:^^Q Consisting of OPERA GL.ISSES, Fans, Pi itsKs, Ladiks" Tkavkli.inc Satciii'.i.s, Game.-, Croquet, IJase n'all.'* and IJat.-:. Stereo.-cope.s, Paint Boxes, t^e., &.v SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION DEPOSITORY. Sunday Schools supplied with Libniries and other Sunday School re(inisite.< at the very lowest price thai they can be imported for. IÎIBLES in every variety, with Pt-alins in metre from pocket sizes to large Family Bibles very cheap, issued by the National Bible Associa- tion of Scotland. Tliei^e Books are solfl by the Simday School Union at a very slight advance on tlie cost. Country Schools can order by mail and they will receive prompt attention. Poor Schools will receive a very liberal discount, and any destitute School on application will receive books i'ree. Address S, R, BMITSi 14 King StrQQi, §i. /ohn,, Nj, B, imsites lai'iie ha- .Sc'liuol : 1 : ■ 1 J;; 'i ! ■ llj -'■il I il, il I II I'iL '13 n ii' ) i ■ 1 = r. i . m i n:\KV n «mitii N E VV B O ( •' K S ]"■ O R E Î P n R, -^: Sir u. H w. ) V: b. , O O K S £ L L K ^^ •\ U D 3 T A T I O N E R , N <,. II K I N (i ST If » \yr XlL the STAM)AUI> EX(JLiSK ANI> AMlîUKVVN VV\)- LTrATiONS. ;\lA(iA'K'\LS AND LiTi:iiAia t'alm:rs ):(M)LscAP, Lryrt'F.K. xotv;, \r(;(n:\7.,BLo'n'.iN<. \M> .TlSSTiK PAVfCliS: FA\':'Y AM' IXTTCAL NOTE PAVER AXJ» E?vVKL(>i*KS> Ne^\• I » I'll us^v' irk S«.'Tn>s <>('S,-h<>o) lii^olvr-'. BLANK MK^iOr^^,^l^rMS AN!) ]'(»( Krr HOOKS, ^:m^ j£y. "1:3 c^ '-i^ (M> CD OD :jd iS:; ^ .*^\T< HKi.s, If.iivie-, Cntjiii't. l>ui>i' Jl'il!'^ mil JJiit-. HUNDAV HCHOOL ITNlON DEPOSAI^ 'KV. Sunjay Schnols siijipUrtl with J^ibraric:? •iml <.i'i'.\-A- S.iinlAy Siliool reijiiifiii.es ai ll»(-' very \>Mt'y.t. pvio? !iin> Hit"' '•*(! !a iiupurtcii for. BtliLEP til evviM liariiHy. with Pfaliris in lii^if; 'r.wj jkx koi, !«;£('^i.u InrgH Paniily BibWs very chivt.}-, i!iaiRl. Tlwiri^ Book's ar» •»-■'' in" th« ^:ium?HV 8ch')(n L'tjion ;i) ajVt-ry slight ujtv^wt.r* on thé c<>»l. Counlry .Seliks free Addr^fi? •U.!,|N<1 imr*lI•t•^^ Ini-g':- Mcf'Ll RE, Photo. Locli Lomond, near St. John. St. Johk, N H. ;:•'(•! luol NKVV URUNSVVRK DICSCRIP I'lVK. ('.'.» inauit't'sted by tlu' i),,v)ple of this provint' >, riiuks fourth ou thi» list of the Hhip-owuinjî countries of the world. The results of tho shii - buildhif? oi)oriitiouH whirli iirt> carrii'd on iu ovory h;iy and inh't of the extensive swi-eoast of the jjroviue^', as well as upon the haidvs of its uavij^able riv^n'.^, ar>> shown by tlu> followiujj; II WrATEMENT OK THK NEW VHSHELS KE.HSTKUEl) IN NEV.' HUnXHWieK, AND TMEIU TONNA(4E, IN K.VCil YEVK I'UOM 1S2') TO LSTii, HOTM YEAKS INCLli.SIVE, INCLTIDINO THOSE inil/r I'OK OWNEUS IN THE UNITED K[.V(JDOM, AND SENT HOME UNDEU CEUriFICATE, OK (JOV- EKXoij's pass: u o u a- >-■ « u ?! 1 - d « to i) to CJ 5l) « . ^ ^■ -S Î* J rt . 1 ^ '•^ « a : c - s c u 3 = !- S S »- q a ■ s c - r s s ^ G Î3 " c n S a w 1 s , S ^ ,= 3 V 3 S CJ 3 o " , ^^^ o ;>^ >'. H >H j^, H 184,-. ii2 28.'.t72 1855 05 H i *^ ^'^ H 1S2.VTJ0 2S,H'.):ns:ri it; 2\7',i(> 54.5(;i 18.,Ô118 tl5,47^ isjiîi.îit ;!i,i)20 i8:',i') iiH) 2'.t.()4;! 184i; 124 40.;!8;î is.'itl 12'.» 7it,i'07 18(;r. 118 45.!I22 IS'27 it'.t lil.SOi) l.S:i7 ii'.t, 27,'2HS 1847 115 5;î,;17;! 1857 148 71, '.ISO lyt)7 * iiort't'H isjs 71 l.'),t)'i(i is.ts iL>-j i.'ii.]r)7 1848 81) 22,7!i:'. 185S 75 l''(>.2(>:i l>-r)8 84 24.41!» lS21t (U H.l.M) iSlîil ]M 4r^,W\ 1841» 110 :iit.280 l«51l '.I.'. ;;s,:«o is^i 8s .".1,(172 IS.ÎI) nj it,242 ISIO îiis 01.104 18:.0 81) ;'.o,;',5i; 18(10 llKI 41.oo:n87u 88 :;5 r.'K» IS.il i;i ,S.r)71 1841 llil 47.140 1851 W 4!t,5',»5 18iil 80 40.52;'. 1871 108 ;{.i,;',5;i 1S;}J 70 M.OSl 1S42, 87; 22.,S40 18;V2 118 58,5M) isr)2 . 4 ('.4 ls:i:5 97 17.8.!7 181:-! (il 14,200 18ô:! 122 71,428 18.;;! i;'.7 85.250 187;^ 104 42.701 is:i4 'J2 24,140 1814 87 24,-) i;; 1854 ];!5 l)il,42() 1801 Ki;'. II2,()05 Totl 8:)i) I80.2',ii) lli»7.:!:;o.(!:!r) lODil 4(»4,205 1110 570.1."(l '8:!1 .•;15.'.!04 : >.i ! . Total for forty-eight years 5,000 vessels, measuring 1,900,100 tons register; averaging 101 1-G vessels 39,580 tons in each* year. The vessels registt^red since 1st May 1855 were registered under the "Merchants Shipping Act," 185-1, M'hich reduced the tonnage by alxmt ten per cent, as compared with the act previously in *Tlie lisciil year of tlie Dominion of Canada coniniences on tlic I.st of July and ends on the .'iOtli June, t'ullowing, consequently the returns for the first six months of 1807, and last six of 187.'3, do not appear in the above Table. Confederation was consununated on the 1st July, )Uid tlie returns for the six months preceding have never been publisl-.ed. 70 NEW ElU NSWICK — DESCRD^TIVE. i )i)erati()ii. Estim.atinpf those veGse'is at tlie average vahie of $40 i)or ton, a low eHtimate, we have the immense sum of $70,007,600, as the proceeds of the shipbuilJing operations in the province during the forty-eight years. THE FISHERIES of North America — the Tnrkey of the New Wor]d, and a bone which has become somewhat mangled in the contenticms which it has occasioned — as a national possession, are inestimable; and as a field for industry and enterprise, inexhaustible. Tlie most valu- able fisheries of the Atlantic are those t)n the Banks of Newfound- land, the St. George's Banks, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and in the B.ay of Fundy ; and all the maritime nations of the worhl have endeavoured to obtain the right to fish in these wutcr.'. The persuasives employed in the in'osccution of these attemi)ts have not alwaj's been of the gentlest kind, and, as a conseipience, have been productive of considerable ill-will. With the disi)utes which have arisen over the so-called " fishery rights " most peojjle are conversant, and a inference to them would be out of place in a work of this description. The fisheries about the coasts of New Brunswick, besides tlieii general i^ portance to the pro>ince as a source of maritime wealth and commtj'ce, jjosseas a special value to the inhabitants, as they afford a great variety of nutritious and economic food of superior (piality and admirably adajited to their domestic requirements. They are also, in other respects, specially valuable to those avIu» engage in maritime pursuits, either as a distinct industry, or com- bined with agriculture. The principal localities in which fishing is carried on do not usually jiresent conditions favorable to hus- bandry, being limited in extent and fertility and subject to certain climatic disadvantages, and the prolific nature of the adjacent waters are a necessary compensation for defects of soil and cli- mate. NEW BRUNSWICK DESCRIPTIVE. 71 STATEMENT SHEWING THE YIELU AND VALUE Ob' THE FISHElilES OF THE PROVINCE DUKINO THE YEAKS 1870, 1871 AND 1872, AND THE NUMBER OF MEN EMPLOYED : their (Oaltli they )erior lents. Avhi» com- Kinds ok Fish. 1S70. 1S71. 1872. Yield. Value. .•: s ),24;5 422.411.) ITti.Ujr. 40.'>.lll7 Yield. 0.2'.i2 4.li.Ht) ].^)(),S71 «.(l!2 Value. ■-:4:i.2i).s .■(),(i(i;; (id.;, IS! 2(il.ni'. (i71.27^ Yield. Kl,42() L'.217 124,1.^>7 s.iiod Value. Codlisli, qtl^ Mi.c'kcrel. bl.l.-... lleriin^', " ... ."^illlllOll. " ... «Jtlier I'isli 21. M7 .■i.2S2 l().").7.Hi) 7, IIM $;^4ii,03.') ;57.72S •tlM),()28 2o7.7(i, SS2,;^(I1 .sl.(i(i,-.,4,-)i| (l.SIIS To till value .-rous rivers, lakes and streams Avhich so bountifxilly Avater Ncav Brunswick, are filled with fish of excellent (piality and great variety, l^esides those fishes which enter from the sea, in- cluding the salmon, the shad, the gas^^ereaux, the striped basse, the smelt, the silver eel, the sea-trout, and the sturgeon, there are others which remain constantly in fresh water and may be taken readily. If, in the words oî Izaak Walton, a man wishes "to be pleasant and eat a trout," he can gratify his taste almost anywhere in the Province. AVliere, when and lunv to catch this the most delicious of fresh water fishes will be told elsewhere ; meanwhile we will turn our thoitglits backward through the flight of ages to the time when the ABORIGINEES stalked in lordly grandeur "Within the solemn woods of ash deep-crimsonetl And silver beech, f.nd maple yellow-leaved," 72 NEW BRUNSWICK — DESCRIPTIVE. in back to the time when, undisturbed by the presence of his "pale- face brother" from o'er the sea, and untainted by the vices which have since become his ruin, the Indian coukl lay just claim to the lofty title of Onkwe honwe, or real imii. The descriptions of the race of men who inhabited the Continent of America, at the time of its discoveiy by the Europeans, as given by the Jesuit Fathers Avho, — with that love to their fellows, and earnest zeal for the cause of their Lord and King which characterized tlu^ui before they became imbued with the bigotry, treachery and cnielty coin- cident with their rise to wealth and power — followed the early settlers of the countiy into the Avild fastnessi-s of the Indian's home, and who had the best means of judging the Indian charac- ter, prove very conclusively that the title was rightly assumed. ' ' There are in New Brunswick two tribes of Indians, differing widely from each other in their language, customs, implements, and habits of life. The marked distinction in almost every parti- cular between these tribes, inhabiting the same country, and evi- dently sprung from the same stock, constitutes a remarkable point of interest." First in order, not only as the most numerous, but possessing both moral and physical superiority over the others, are the Mic- macs — a tall and powerful race of men, who speak a dialect of the Algonquin language, and frequent the northern or Gulf Shore of the Province. The other and less numerous and inferior body are the Millicetes, who speak a dialect of the Huron language, and fre- quent the River St. John and its tributary waters. The Micmacs are strongly attached to the sea-side, near Avhich they are gener- ally found ; hence the Milicetes call them " salt-water Indians. " The Milicetes, on the contrary, have a great aversion to salt water ; they are thorough woodsmen, and confine themselves to th^ lakes and streams of the interior. At the time of the discovery of Ame- rica the Algonquins, under various names, occupied the Atlantic coast from Virginia to the St. Lawrence, and extended up that \ NEW BRUNSWICK— DESCRIPTIVE. river for several Iniiulreds of miles ou botli sides, along the northern shores of Lake Ontario, through the Western Peninsula, on all sides of Lake Superior, and westward to the Mississippi. North- ward of the line thus traced there are to this day few Indians who do not speak dialects of the Algonquin tongue. It is the language of the Micmacs and Abenekis of the Lower St. Lawrence and New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. A few hereditaiy maxims or customs, enforced by public opinion, and a iitting respect and deference to tlieir chiefs, constituted all the government of the Algonquins. They surpassed all the nations of this continent in tlieir stories of beautiful legend and tradition — many of which have been interwoven into Longfellow's ' ' Hiawatha. " The Algon- quin language is the most cultivated of all Indian tongues, possess- ing every capability for the purposes of the orator and the jDoet, and is singularly sweet and flowing in its sound. Though the Indians had no alphabets, their system of hieroglyphics comijensa- ted, in somo measure, for this want. Their concei^tions of the nature of God was such that to this day His name in the Algonquin bible is Kitchie Manito — the Great Spirit — and, in Iroquois,, the old name I/mis (good) remains also unchanged. The missionaries could teach them but little as t, aiul in sounded iit intervalH of ten secondn, during the previdenee of iogH or Hnow HtorniH, und can be heard at a dintance of from four to eight mih'H. ( )n the inhuid in a battery, the gmiH of which are of the Que(»n Anne, or some other antedehivian and useh^HS pattern. There in a signal station here also, and a hosi)ital for the reception of sailors and innnigrants sick with contagious diseases. There is a B(>11 liuoy anchored at the extremity of a ledge to the eastward of th(î island, which is very useful tt) vessels in thick or stormy weather. The sound of the bell can be heard at a distance of three miles. To the left of the island, and about half a mile distant, NEGllOTOWN POINT, a high bluff overlooking and commanding the western (>ntranc(> to the harbour, looms up. A battery was erected here some years ago, but the guns, if ever placed in position, have been removed and the fortification is rapidly becoming dilai)idated. Between Partridge Island and the city, at the lower extremity of a reef of rocks is a BEACON LIGHT which is of groat use to the vessels entering the harbour in stormy weather. The wharf acc(mimodation has been very much impro- ved and enlarged within the last few years, but there is still plenty of room for imi^rovement and extension ; and the substitution of stone for timber in the construction of the wharves will greatly improve their appearance. When we remember that less than a century ago the present site of the city was a wilderness, scarce touched by the hand of man, we cannot but wonder at the rapid progress which has been made — marks of which are evident all around us. And when we contrast the present condition of the harbour, crowded with vessels of the largest size from all parts of THK CITV OF SAINT JOHN. HI tlio world, with that which it preHoiited in 1782 — whtMi l)utelevtMi vessels, the largest of which avjih of but eighteen tons burthen, en- tered the harbour during the year — we are compelled to admit that the prospec^ts of St. John becoming the chief port of Anuuica, north of New York, are very flattering, and almost assured. In this cfmnection the following census returns of the city may be of interest : IS 10. 1H,-1. .l!),'i.Sl I ISiil 1:7.:!]: .27.74') I 1S71 'JS.Si.'.") Portland in 1851, contained 8,429 souls ; and in 1871, 12, 520 ; an increase of nearly fifty per cent, in twenty years ; that of St. John during the same time was twenty-six and one half per cent. This fact must l)e borne in mind, when comparing the relative increase in population of the city and Portland, namely : — that a large pro- portion of the population of the latter place is composed of people whose places of business are in the city, but who prefer the high- lauds of Portland, rather than the crowded streets of the city, as a residence for themselves and families. TOPOGRAPHY. Artistically St. John is a success ; architecturally it is a failure. The turtle-shell contour of its site, although contributing much toAvard the picturesque ajipearance of the city and enabling those on the top — as in the gallery of an old-fashioned country church — to look over the heads of their more lowly-minded neighbors, has necessitated an jiranense expenditure of time and money to render the apjwoaches to the top easy and safe, and to prevent those near the edge of the shell from sliding off into the water. Thanks to the patient perseverance of their own and their ancestors grand- fathers, the present generation hope to be able to present to their successors a city whose streets, being hewed out of the solid rock, shall be unto them a constant incentive to render the path- way of their neighbours as easy as lieth in their power, by smooth- ii H'2 TIIK CITY OF SAINT JOHN. ing down tlio inoqnrilitioH muT i*()iip:li i)lrtcoH wliieh nvQ over to bo mot with in life, and an ('V(>r prcHcMit apjx'al to leave behind them footprintH, — not on the sandH of time, but on the «oHd rock : " lM)(tti)rints, that jwrliiips another, Siiiliiig {iV'i" liiV's soh'iim iiiaiii, A iorlorii and Hliipwri'ckcd brother. Seeing, may take heart afrain." The eh>vated character of the city renchu'H a perfect drainage of the street» poHsibh' — which is being rapidly acoomi)liHhcd, although at gi'cat expeuHc, as all the excavations have to be made through rock. Until within the last two or three years St. John had no sidewalks worthy of tlu^ name, as, although some few of th'> streets were supplied, in patches, with plank, stone or brick walkM, they were so i)oorly laid that they were but little better than none. Shoemakers' shops are famous loafing places and the wax ainck so so tightly to the members of the old Common Councils that it took them all of their time to remove it, and consequently the footjiaths were neglected, causing pains innumerable to the farmers whose sole crop was corn, and rejoicing and i)rofit to the Knights of Crispin. Fortunately a change for the better has taken place, and, under the impulses of newly acquired freedom, the late Ccmncils have begun the work — which sh) E. to Courtenay Pay. Ekin (g) Pont. of St. Patrick (g) Cla- rence (*) N. E. to ^[arsh bridge. ExMOUTii (*) Piclimond (») N. E. and E. to Prussels (f). (f) a»id Union (W) 8. to Military ! Exmoi'tii St. ^NrirnionisTCiiuiicii. 44. Grounds. \ Fkukv Laxdixg, and E. A: .N . A. It. P. Cakmaimiikx St. Wksmîyax Mission, Ticket OHice, 10. 28. Gaki.kx (c) cont. of Paddock (*) Co- Ca.stle (*) X.E. from Waterloo (e). j bourg (d) N. to Citv Poad (Y). CiiAiiLF.s (*) 1']. from Garden (c). ' Gas Wouks, '2U. CiiAia.oTTK (D) Union (W) S. to Mil- I Gk.oi{Ges(*) U!iion(W)y toP(md(j). itary Grounds. | Gi;r.maix (C) St. John Church (41) CiiRisTiAx Pai'tist Ciirucii, "JG. j S. to Prittain (L). Church (*) Germain (C) W. to Prince Win. (P). Ci.ARKXCE (*) Hru^sels (f) E. to Courtenay Pav. Clii-1' (*) \Vaterloo (e) N. W. to Co- bourg (d). CoBOTRO (d) a cont. of Charlotte (D\ Union (W) N. and N. E. tollazen CoXGREOATIONAIi ClIURCIl, 'AS. Germain St. Hai'tist CiiiRcii, 1."). Germain St. AfETiionisT Ciurcii, IS. Goi.mxu (*) W. from Waterloo (e). IlAxoVERt*) Prussels (f) E. to Cour- tenay IJay. Harping (*) Germain (C) E. to Car- marthen (F) S. of Queen Sqr (4). Hay Market Schark, .'). Hazen (*) Dorchester (b) N. E. to Cobourg (d). CoriiTENAY (») St. David (h) E. to Horsfiem) (*) Germain (C)opp. (19) Courtenay Pay. _ E. to Charlotte (D). iNTERCOLOXIAIi R. R. DeI'OT, 02. King (U) Market Sqr. (1) E. to Cour- CouRT Hoi'SE and Jaii. 23. Crown (*) Union (W) S. to Princess (S). tenay Pay. THE CITY OF SAIXT JOIIX. s.> Kixfi Sqr. (2) on King bet. Charlotte (D) and Sydney (E). Leinstkk (T) Sydney (K) E. to Coiir- tenav Bav. Main (K) Cliarlotte (D) E. to Cour- tenay Buy. ^I.VIUTIMK, iJAMv BriM)INCi, 'M. Maiu.nk Hospital, ','>',}. Makkkt ((')) Germain (c) E. to Char- lotte (D). Maukkt S(M!. (1) junet. of King (U) and Prince Wni. (B). Mkciiamcs" Institutk, 40. Mkcki.eniu'ko (O) Queen .Sqr, (4) E. to C'oiirtenaA' Bav. MiiJ, (Z) cont. of J)oek (Z)» Union ( VV) N. across Pond (j) to foot of Main St., Portland. Nklson {*) Market Slip N. and W. to Smythe (*). New Post Oitice, S, NoKTM (*) \V. from Georges (*). Odd Fei,lo\vs' llAMi, 17. Old Buuvixc Gkoind, (li). Oran(;e (R) Sydney (F) opp. (21) E. to Conrtenay ]}ay. Paddock (*) font, of Garden (c) Co- bourg (d) S. E. to Waterloo (d). Vef.l (a) Union (W) N. to Pond (j). Peteks (*) Waterloo (e) N. W. to Cobourg (d). Pitt (II) Union (W) S. to Military Grounds. Pitt St. Baptist Ciiiucii, .'!". PoMCE Ori'iCE, .'i7. I'oxD (j) Mill (Z) E. and N. E. to I lit. H. R. Depot (02) and City Road (Ï). Pkotestaxt Okpiian Asvmm, 27. Pi{ixcE>s (S) Water (A), opp. Ferry Landing (10) E. to Courtenay Bay. Post Ofeice. *.). PuixcE W.\i.' (B) Union (W) S. to Reed's Point, (13). PunMC" IIospiTAr,, oil. Queen (N) Prince Wm. (B) E. to Courtenay Bay. (JuEEN S Sydney (E) E. to Carmarthen (F). St. Andrew's Church — Scotch, 1(>. St. David (ii) cont. of Pitt (H). I'nion (\V) N. E. to Marsh Bridge St. David's Church — Presbvterian. 21. St. James (M) I'rince Wm. (B) E. to Courtenay Bay. Sr. John Cihrch — Ejnscopal, 41. St. Mary's Chii!Ch — Epi-scopal 40. St. Patuiciv (g) cont. of Wentworth (G), Union V W) N. E. to Clarence (*•) St. Philips Church — colored, 32. Sydney (F) Union (W) S. to Military Grounds. Tfleoraph Office, .'>."». Union (W) Smythe (*) E. to Courte- nay Bay. "Union Line" Steamboat Wharf, 14. Ward (*) S. from Market Slip. Waterloo (e) Union (W) N. E. to Ilaymarket Sqr. (â). Waterloo Street Baptist Ciii'rch, 48. Water (A) Market Sqr. (1) S. to Reed's Point (13). Wentworth (G) Union (W) S. tu Military Grounds. Wicuiixs' Protestaxt Orphan Asv- LIM, 31. White (*) N. W. from Waterloo lorxG Men s Ciirlstian Association Bl'ILDIN(i, 31). 8() ADVERTISEMENTS. C. Cr. J^IilliliYMAN, Hardware and Carriage Stock, * McCULLOUGU'd EL'ILDING, M.VKK'ET SQUARE, JS^^LiiJKUAL Discounts to Cash and WiioiiE.SALE Buyeus. WHOLESAIiE ONLY. A. :\roCKE:A, AGENT Foil AMEKICAN "GILBERT CLOCK COMP'Y." Iini)()i'ti'r of every Deseriptidu (if Fancy Goods and Siall Wares, Fisliin^ Tackle, Cutlery, Jewelry, Toys, &c. Warehouse: No, ii King Square. (Under Grand Central Hotel.) Barrister and Attoraey-at-Law, Solicitor, Conveyancer, Notary Pule, &c,, &c. CANADIAN AND FOEEIGN PATENTS obtained for Invention?, and existing Local Patents extended over the entire Dominion. _ OFFICE— UK) PRINCE WM. STREET, ST. JOHN, N. 15^ i;f every lieserlption. liiul eneli Smv uMUiVMi n. *S" For Price List and Term-!, address J. F. LAWTON, . . . . CoRNEK North and Georoes Streets, ST. JOUST, TST. H. ~~" eTpËÎI.ER & BROTHER, SOLE AGENTS FOR STl^INWAY & SONS' PIANOl OllTKS, CA Prince WiiUam Street, St. John, N. B. A full supply of Jir.SICAL INSTUIMI'.NTS. SlIKKT MISIC, \c., eoiistiintly on liiiml. English SaussgQ ^hop ^ Meat Storei, =• = ô(k Union Streoti JOHN HOPKINS, Manufacturer of English and American Sausages. Kiii'.er iu Lard and Fresh Meat of all kind». )telo(;nles. Sujrav Cured Hams, lloU lîncou, Sinok((l Heef, ilanis, .Sliouldeis, Turk, luef, iVe. IMPORTER OP ENGLISH S.\U3AGK CASINGS. WHOI.KSAI.E AND KKTAIL. K, &C. :., &C, .'!• the 1 I i ii ■ \ • I! >VH EETS, J, k:^, iTBOt- ■iiioki (I ' !M.ct.,nK,rhoto liàwioi 's hm, m \u im-mi. I .....__i.'!lK, lii il I ; i imM m I m ADVERTJftEMEMS. Hardware and CarriaC'^ Stock, _ i^"LiM/iUA/. DîsrurNTs r-.. i\\-i,i and \V';i<^iiKH.ion. OFKÎCK--}!MÎ ?R1^\'E WW. sTHKE'i-, S'J\ .UjU^. N. ti, *S" tor Pil'-o }/isl iiu'l ïenns, iuJrJri'.'iis J. F. LAWTON, . . . (!ouNK« Nuktii anu CiKOKaK.s Stheicts, ^ HT. SOïTW T. H. '^~~ 1^ Hvll.l^iil Csô BKOTHEK, "^ S{ KINWAY & SONS' lMAxN<>i'()UTi:8, U ï'viuoe WiJliftm 8trtK?t, St. Jolui, X. ï^. A ruU WJJJI>I>- of MVBiIf At, r.Xrr»VMFNl«. PJÎ RKT .^tT;8IC, d(> . 0(jWS!.Vi. i.W <«i hAttd J< ' MN II O PKI N H, MANUFACTiruEii op Englislh M' Amkkk AS Bauhagks, iKa'.iT II. Lard unA rri«li Miui of iiVi klor, Dock, ami Charlotte ; but the reciuirenients of trade are increasing BO rapidly that many streets which a few years ago were occupied exclusively by residences are fast becoming "l)usy marts of trade." It would be impossible, in a l)0;)k of the size of this, to take the reader through a miiuite exploration of the City, calling his atten- tion to every point of interest. Only the more prcmiinent can be mentioned, and i)erhaps the best method of introducing these to the notice of a stranger will ba by a walk or drive from one point to another. King Street (U) — tluî Broadway (jf St. John — extends from the St. John River on the western side of the city, to Courte- iiay Bay on the eastern side. :n[aiiket slip, at the foot of King Street, is the principal rendezvous of the ves- sels loaded with produce, fish and cordwood, intended for sale in the city, and presents at times a l)usy and noisy scene. The wharves cm either side of the Slip, called respectively North and South Wharves, are the scenes of lively competition between the verdant "blue-noses" and their oily, but not more cunning city brethren. (A short residence in St. John will teach the most un- observant and ignorant stranger the, meaning of the appellation "blue-nose," and prove to him at the same time that the title is not unjustly applied). Mtich of the heavy business of tln^ city is transacted in the region of tliese wharves, the aroma peculiar to them — which, by the way, is not particularly attractive to stran- gers — seeming to have a strong effect upon the people doing V>usine8S there. Those visiting this part of the city will do Avell to take their note books with them. MARKET SQUARE, at the head of the Slip, is the centre of gravity for all the unem- ployed truck and hand-cart men, wood-sawyers, coal-heavers and 5 \H) TJIK CITY OV SAINT -lOlIN. li "(Hl(l-j()l)-in(>n " of tilt' city ; who, by tlioir witty Hayings mid comi- cal actions, often cauHC the paHHcr by to lose his gi-avity. At the lower end of the Square is the spot — remarkable in the history of the city, and endeared to such of its inhabitants as feel an interest in old associations — Avliere the Loyalist Founders of the city landed on the 18th May, 1783. Water (A) and Prince William (B) Streets enter the Scjuare on the rif^lit — the latter forminp; its eastern Ixmndary, and Pock (Z) on the left, or north side. The Square is the starting i)oiiit of the Street Kailway Line ; a car leaves the Square once in every twelve minutes for Portland and Indiantown, ria Dock and Mill Streets, and Main Street, Portland. Dyspeptics will find this road, like the one to Jordan, rather hard to travel, but a trip to Indiantown and back every morning before breakfast will prove of immense benefit to the digestive organs. This advice is gi'atis, not legal. The handsome stores fronting on the northern and eastern sides of the Square are occupied by some of the most substantial firms doing business in the city. On the northern corner of King Street will be found the (jflfice of the Western Union Telegraph Comi)any — the only Telegraph Company doing business here, as yet. Adjoining is the Maritime Bank, a fine four-storey building — grey freestone fnmt, granite basement and Mansard roof — under the joint occupancy of the Maritime Bank, the Bank of Montreal, the Bank of Nova Scotia, and the Board of Trade. A visit to the Police Office during the session of the court, slunild be made by eveiy stranger visiting the city, if he wishes to obtain a proper conception of its morals. If the sights to be seen there do not move his heart with deep emotion the fault will lie, not with the poor, blear-eyed men and women grown grey in dissi- pation and vice, who sit in sullen silence on the benches inside of the railing ; nor with those upon whose childish lips the dew of a mother's kiss has scarce dried ere they were plunged into the punch-bowl ; nor yet with the rough, jeering croAvd of debauched, demon-eyed wretches who throng around the outside of the rail, TIIK CITY OK SAINT JOHN. 01 Avnitiiifi: with bated biviith the seuteneo of tlio Jiul^'c, liait' wishing tluMuselvcs priHonerH, instead of their friends, that they niif^ht be snr(> of a few days freedom from eare and vice ; nor with the man himself, but with nature, for forming a man without a heart! A man can scarcely visit a place of this description without feeling that the ill effects of rum drinking more than counterbahuice the pleasure or good to b(> derived from its use, no matt(>r what i)oets and doctors may say to the contrary, and will be ready to ex- claim — "Tc tile sewrrs and ciiiks With all such drinks, And after thoni tiiml)li' the niixcr; For a poison malign Is the red, red wine, Or at best but a iJevil's Elixir," Nearly oi)p()site the Police OfH(H>, Imt a little higluu' up Prince William Street — or Chipman's Hill, as this end of Prince William Street is sometimes called — is a fine four-storey granite building, occupied by the Bank of British North America. KINd SQUAKE. As we stroll up King Street we catch sight of a grim, sentry-like structure frowning down upon us from the height above ; and, hur- ried along by that curiosity which has ever characterized the des- cendants of poor, devil-inspired Mother Eve — forgetting in (mr haste to examine the tempting display of goods in the shop -win- dows, forgetting the fact that we are climbing a rather steep incline, a fact of Avhich we are breathlessly conscious, however, when we arrive at the top — we soon stand before the Bell Tower, overcome with emoti(m and speechless admiration. Our minds insensibly take a metaphysical turn as we think of the mighty intellect of the man who planned and executed the strange design before us, and turning to a passer-by we ask with hushed voice and trembling lips, is he still alive and at liberty? "Emotional insanity" is ■ 9: ÏIIE CITY OF SAINT JOHN. more aged than the scieutifio wise-ai roH of the present day would have us imagine, if the fully developed speeinien whioh was ];rought forth in honor of Prince Arthur's visit to the city in 1H()!>, and planted at the head of King Street as a " triunii)lial arch," is a criterion from which to judge. One of the local politicians, crazed with the excitement engendered l)y beating his adversaries overthe "polls," made a i)roposition to have the Jîell Tower remo- ved from its honorai )1(^ position of city scare-crow. I'radition doth not say where he was buried. The arch, tower, temple, or pagoda, call it what you will, except an ornament, serves the two-fold i)ur- pose of an entrance to King S(piare, and a support ft)r a Fire-alarm bell. Passing through, we enter the Square, a beautiful plot ()f land, containing about three acres and covered with large shade trees, most of which were jjlanted at the time of the visit of the Prince of Wales to the city in IHdO. In the centre of the Sipiare, toward which all the Avalks converge, and surrounded by an iron railing is a Foiuitain Avhich might I»; made very attractive, l)ut which resembles too often the jokes for which some people art; famous. Saint John, like every large town, is cursed with a class of people whose words are strongly flavored with the dirt from which they sprung, and who, ha\àng no love for the beautiful, either in nature or thought, and no regard for the feelings of others, frequent those places which are intended to minister to the physi- cal and intellectual well being of the citizens gvuerally and by their words and deeds pollute the air and destroy the beauty of the surroundings. The broken limbed trees and trampled grass of the Square bear witness to the destructive efïbrts of its frequenters. On the eastern and northern sides of the Square, especially the latter, are some very fine buildings, stores, hotels, itc. ; and on the eastern side is the Court House, an old fashioned unpretending stone building, containing, besides the various Jury Rooms, Judges and Barristers' llooms, the Supreme and County Court Eoom, the City Court Room and the Common Council Chamber. In the THE CITY OF SAINT .U)IL\. 03 i-ciir of the Court House, aud fronting? on Kinp; Street are tlio Dead House, tlie Ileeord Ofïiees and tlie County .Tail. On the name side of the Square as the C!ourt House, but on tlie opposite side of King Street, is the OLD BUIIYINO (illOUND, il (l<>lightful retreat from the dust and strif<> of the busy streets, and a constant reminder of the vanity of all earthly things. IIes, many hcmrs of quiet enjoyment may be i)assed, either in wandering abotit deciphering the quaint epitajUis on the moss covered tombstfmes, or reclining on one of the benches about the })aths. The following epitajjli, cojjied from one of the tombstones in the enclosure, although it has been frecpiently published still retains its ancient quaintness : Xi)\v r am (load utul in my jri'ave, And all my bones be rotten ; Those lines you may t-ee, remember me When I am quite Forgotten. Thanks to tlu> watchful supex^ision of the kd (r, the enclosure still contains much of interest for the anticpi.irian and of beauty for those Vv^ho live in the present. After purchasing a small boutpiet to carry with us as a memento of our visit, Ave pass out by the gate on the Carmarthen Street side and return to King Street ; on the corner of which, and standing sentry over the gi'aves of some of the earlier settlers of the city, is St. John Church, (Pres- byterian) a small wooden structure thoroughly in keeping with its surroundings. As we continue on our way up King Street, cross- ing Wentworth, Pitt and Crown Streets, evidence of the labor involved in making the streets i)assal)le is shewn us in the precipi- tous rocky walls towering, in eome places, thirty or forty feet above the sidewalks. After a few minutes walk we arrive at the eastern end of King Street, where a delightful view is presented. Stretched out before us, and some two hundred feet below the blulf upon which we stand, are the waters of î»4 TIIK CITY OF SAIXÏ JOHN. COUllTKXAY lîAY — niinilHcd siivo by a pfcntlo HWt'll wliicli, iih it (IiihIu'h to iiiul fro on tlie ro(fkH bolow, hoiuIh to (»iir carH tlu' nmrmur of hoiik! long for- ^Vottoii Hoiiuf, Sti'ctcliiiijJT luvay to the northward and eastward from tlio licad of the liny, in the INIarsh with Torthmd Hrifcht.s in the backfj^ronnd, vcrdun^ dad and Honihre. At the head of tlie J>ay mimorouH vohhoIs in dittercnt stag(>H of ('onii)U'ten('ss may bo Heen in tlu! HliipyardH, whih' around the base of tiw hill on whieh we .stand and f^listoning away uj) the Marsh are to bo seen the rails of the Intercolonial Railway — a link between the Maritime and inte- rior Provinces of the l)(miinion "which is beinf? rapidly completed. On the opposite side of the ]3ay the sloping banks, dotted Avitli farmlumses and other buildings, and the fields of waving grain have a beauty all tlu>ir own. Two large buildings, or collections of buildings, by their size attract considerable attention; but the fact of their being the comjjulsory resid(>nce of some of our fellow creatures, cause us to turn our eyes away from them. A i)roposal to build a l)ridge across the Bay, has l)een made at several dirt'erent times ; but whether it will e\ev be carried t)ut or not it is impossi- ble to say. The difficulties in the way of construction are not very great, and may be easily overcome ; as, when the tide is out, the firm, sandy bottom of the Bay is free from water — save for a .short distance in the centre, through which the Marsh stream finds its way — and liorses may be driven over it in almost any directioi\. Should this bridge, which has long Ijeen talked of, ever be built another Carleton or Portland, will spring up as if by magic. But we must continue our tour of observation, and turning our backs to the Bay we retrace our steps to Pitt Street, turning down which, after crossing Leinster, Princess, Orange, Duke, Mecklen- burg and Queen Streets, we arrive at St. James' Street, near the comer of which is the WIGGINS' PROTESTANT ORPHAN ASYLUM, A beautiful red and grey freestone, and granite structure, three- rilK CITV OF SAINT JOilN. {•:• stories ill hcijiflit, Itiiilt in the (rotliic stylt' of iircliitcctiirr, iind wliicli, t'(tr Ix'iuity of drsi^u and ««xociitioii, excels nil other public l>uil(liii<,'.s ill the Province. This Imihlinpf, while it is a lastiiip;an(l licautit'iil monuineiit to t\w generous nature and kiutlly spirit of its fouii(l«>r, the late Stephen Wifj^^'ins, l]Hi\., a former resident of St. John, is hut another of t\w too fre(pient instaiuu's of misapplied charity; us, although its cost, when completed and ready for occn- patiou, will (^xceed .SlOO.ODl), it will have accommodation for hut thirty or thirty-five inmates, hesidc^s the necessary otHcers. The results, as compared with the expenditure, seem meagre enough. Nearly opjjosite the Asylum is the MARINE HOSPITAL, A wooden editice with no particular i)()ints of inten>st about it to call for special remark. Th(> snrronndinga f)f the building are tasteful and pleasant, and in accord with its interior arrang(»ments ; and the si(^k " toilers of the sea," nnder the genial intluence of the l^lace and the kind care of the steward, Mr. Milton Barnes, rapidly convalesce. A little farther west on St. James' Street, (m the cor- ner of Carmartheii, are the GAS WORKS, from which radiate, in all directions thnmgliout the city, about forty-live miles of pipe of diflerent sizes. The Ccmiiiany owning the works was organized in 1815, and the erection of tlie buildings, and other appurtenances, was carried forward so vigoronsly that on the 18tli of Sei^tember, of the same year, they were enabled to supply gas to some portitms of the city — abont the only instance of energetic action which can be recorded of them, except it be the snpplying of poor gas. The first street to the north and running to the left from Carmarthen, is St. Andrews or Harding Street, following this for a short distance we ai'rive at QUEEN SQUARE, situated, like its royal consort King Square, between Charlotte and Sydney Streets ; and, like it, sadly out of repair and bearing m .]. k A. M( Mil. LAN. j. & A. McMillan, PUBLISHERS, PRINTERS, BLANK-BOOK MANUFACTURERS, &C., Importers 0Î and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in all Mnds of Bool^s and Stationery, No. 78 PRINCE WILLIAM STREET, ST. JOHN, N, B. A large Stock in all Departments of Literature, aiwavs on liand. The Late.st Pi-miicATio.Ns, both Eritiwh and American, being constantly received. Eiioks imjiorted to order with promptness and without extra charge. All English, Foreign and Ame- rican Magazines, Illustrated Papers, &c., &c., supplied regularly and at Lowe.^^t Rates. THK PKESCRIHKD K(JI.IOOT, H00K8«'-ATH(}X.E8AI,E fie IIETAIX,. ST A.T I O > Ell Y. In this Department will be found a lull stock of Papers in all sizes and (pialities, and of all the various goods known as .Stationery. In the Jietail Department ])articular attention is given to the supplying of the Finest Note Papers, Envelopes, Wechling Stationery, i^c. Note Paper and Envelopes, Embossed or Stamped in C(»lor8, in the best styles. Monograms, ("ypheis, Crests, C )ats of Arms, &c., cut to order. Visiting Cards from Copper Plate or Letter Press, promptly furi.ished. niTlNTITSG. Jlaving a very large and well-appointed Printing Ollice, we. execute all kinds of Pook and Job (plain and faiu-y) work in th<' be.st st>!e. Our Machines are the latest and most approved patterns, and are worked by Steam Power. New type and materials are being constantly rvdvleii. and entire satisfaction guaranteed. XîLA.rsrii:-BOOic ^x^^iiiTVG. Blank Books of all the usual sizes, patterns and ([ualities, always in stock. Special patterns ruled and bound to order, with Printed Headings wheu recpiired. ( 'ustomers can select the i)aper they prefer, AND ALL WORK WAHRANTED. Stnuifrrvs nrc vcsinci fully liivitt il to v'sit iiur l'>tiili'i>lim('ut, iind ('Miniiiic our Hooks mid (icr.cinl Stii'k at tlitii- «utile- Icmik" The McCtr RE, Photo. Magaguaâavic Falls, St. Seorge. St. John, N H. S'tock. THE CITY OF SAINT JOHN. 00' the marks of vantliil luiiuls and feet. (See photograpli on page 47. )■ In the centre of the Square is a band-stand erected for the nse of the regimental bands, in the days when St. John was a garrisoned town. Here the rUte of the town were wont to gather to hsten t(j the music of the bands, and the "soft nothings" of the scarlet- coated gentry — peace to their departed shades ! The Square is encircled by residences many of which are very tine — probably as good as can be found within the limits of the city ; but inferior to those on Portland Heights. Continuing on our way up Queen Ave amve at OEUAIAIN S'J^KKKT, on the corner of Avhich is a neat brick Church boLmging to tlie Baptist denomination, and bearing many fiery scars upon its sides and front. On the corner of Duke and Germain Streets is the Victoria Hotel, the largest and best apijointed house in the Lower Provinces. St. Andrew's Church, (Presbyterian) occupies the lot adjoining, and, although a prettj»^ good sized building, appears rather small and insignificant beside the Victoria. On the north- ern side of Horsefield Street is the oldest Methodist Chiirch in the' city. Built in 1805, it l)ears the character of by-gone days upon its outside, although it has had many alterations since then. Nearly opposite is the Academy of Music, said to l)e the finest 1)uilding of the kind in the Dominion, and having a seating capacity of two thousand. It was opened to the public daring the summer of 1872. It is built entirely of bri(îk and cost lg!GO,()()(). Continuing up Germain the next sti'eet which we arrive at is Princess, crossing which the next object which attracts our atten- tion is TRINITY CHURCH, an imposing wooden structure, erected in 1790, and belonging to the Episcopalians. It has been enlarged tmce since its erection ; in 1812, and again in 1857. The forethought of its builders, is. (Ill THE CITY OF SAINT JOIIX. shown in the fact that they made it at fii-st of suffieieut width to allow it to be di'awn out to its present length. It is admirably adapted for soimd, and is considered a fine building by the stran- gers who visit the city. The Chnrch was not warmed with stoves until 1803 or 18()4r, so that for twenty years those attending the Church had a great deal to try their constancy. The clock was placed on the Church in 1812, its cost was about $175, of which amount the City Coii>oration paid $24â ; and sometime after they assumed the charge of keeping it in order. It is old and feeble now, and its movements are very uncertain. The dial on the back of the Church was not placed there until 1857, when the present tower and steeple were built, the former one having been set on fire by sparks from a fire in King Street in 1819, and jmlled down to save the ChiTrch. Connected with the Royal Arms hanging on the walls there is a very interesting history, a history that carries us back to "the time which tried mens' souls." In September, 177G, "Trinity Church," New York, with nearly one third of the city, was burned to the ground. Everything in the Cliurch was burned excei>t the Royal Arms ; they were saved, and brought here by the Loyalists in 1783, and placed in a small house on (xer- main Street, between Queen and Duke Streets, which was used by them as a place of worship previous to the erecti(jn of Trinity Church. On the opening of the latter, the Arms were removed and hung on one of its walls, where they will very likely remain as long as the Church is in existence. In the rear of the Church, and fronting on Charlotte Street, is a large School Htmse S(mie- what similar in style to the Church. Strolling along Germain we arrive at King Street once more, crossing it and continuing up the hill we arrive at the COUNTRY MARKET, which is merely a street with a row of booths, or stalls, on each side, in which "butter and cheese, and a pound of eggs," are exposed for sale by the cimntry dames. Three or tV)ur years hence TIIK CITY OF SAINT JOHN. Idl St. John will ])t^ possessed of a Market House which will be uii honor to it; tliat is, if the proposed phms are carried out. The next street which we arrive at is called Union, ( so called, we iniaj^ne, from the fact of its uniting the regularly and irreguhirly laid out portions of the city. ) That portion of Germain Street lying to the north of Union, although laid down in the Phui of the City, on page 83, as Germain Street, is known by the name of Wellington Row; but what its illustrious namesake ever had to do with it would be difiicult to tell. However, at the upper end of it is a collecti(m of buildings which Ave wish to see. First, because of its aged apjK^arance, comes St. John, or "Stcme Church." as it is familiarly called, with its Sabl)ath School House, also of stone, adjoining. The building, which is a plain, unpretending looking one, belongs to the Church of England ; and although erected in 1824, is not much the worse for its handling by old Father Time. Next in order is the Mechanics' Institute, a large wooden building, erected in 1840, at a cost of, including furniture, organ, &c., $20,100. The large Hall has a seating capacity of about fifteen hundred ; and, previous to the ojiening of the Academy of Music, was a favorite place of amusement ; all the public meetings, exlii- bitions, concerts and such like being held in it. Besides the Hall the Institute contains a Library, containing alxmt 7,000 volumes ; a Heading Room, sui:)plied ynth all the leatling home and foreign paj)ers and periodicals ; and a Miiseum, with many objects of in- terest. On the opposite side of the street is Calvin Church, a new brick structure belonging, as its name indicates, to the Presbyterian denomination, and upon wlumi — fnmi the fact of its being built, and supported entirely by voluntary contributions, and with seats "free to all" — it reflects great credit. It is a pity that all the Churches in the world were not conducted on the same principle ; if they were the number of Sabbath breakers would be immensely decreased. Returning to Union Street, turning to the left, or toward the i : ]<»2 THE CITY OF SAINT JOHN. Bay, and crc^ssing the terminus of ])()relie8ter Street, Ave arrive at Charlotte Street, near the corner of whicli, toward King S(inare, is tlie Hall of the YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, a line three-storey brick building, Avith a granite front and base- ment, erected in 1872 at a cost of .$38,000 — including the price of the lot. The lower flat is laid off into stores ; the sectmd flat con- tains I'arlor, Reading and Class Rooms, all of which are Avell and comfortably furnished ; and tlu; upp(»r flat is taken up by the pub- lic hall, which is the full size of the building, eighty by flfty feet, and has a seating capacity of about eight hundred. The (Ipnna- sium, Bath Rooms and Heating Ai)paratus, occupy the basement. •The Library, Reading Room and Parlor, are open daily, Sundays excepted, from a.m. to 10 p.m., during which time strangers are cordially invited to attend ; and also at the folloAving Meetings : Union Prayer Meeting Sunday Evening, at 7.J5 p. ni. Literary Social Tuesday '" " 8.U() p. in. Prayer Meeting Thursday " " 8.00 p. m. THE POST OFFICE, or at least the building used for the purpose, is situated on Can- terbury Street, a short narrow street extending from King to Princess Streets and parallel with Germain and Prince "William Streets, — a regal locality, if there is any thing in a name — to reach it we return along Charlotte Street, from the Association Building, to King Street and the second street that we arrive at doAVii Ki? ,^ Street, is Canterbury. At the end oî Canterbui*y and sitiiateu cm Princess Street, is Ritchie's Building — as full of laAV as a dog is of fleas. Many of the Masonic Lodges meet here. On the scmtli-east corner of Princess and Prince William Streets, is situated the Civic Offices ; and on the opposite corner, and extend- ing back to Water Street, along Princess, is the NEW POST OFFICE, now in course of erection, and which bids fair to be, Avhen com- ÏIIE CITY OF SAINT JOHN. kk; pleted, the finest Htructiire of the kind in the Lower Provinces. It is ninety I'eet long by fifty wide, will be three-stories iibove Prince William Street, and fonr above Water Street. It will be snr- mounted by a clock-tower, one hundred feet above Prince William Street, and one hundred and thirty above Water Street. It is to be built entirely of grey sand stone, except the columns in front, which will be of polished red-granite ; the whole being taken from the quarries of this Province. The building will be finished in 1875, and is estimated to cost i$i;3(),0()0. Adjoining the Post Office, on Prince William Street, is the office of the Bank of New Bruns- wick, one of the soundest and most successful Banks in the Dominion. Farther down the street is the CUSTOM HOUSE, a large three-storey granite structure — two hundred and fifty feet long by ninety-two in width. It was built in 1842 at a cost of $120,000. It contains the offices of the Customs, Inland Revenue and Marine and Fisheries Departments, Post Office Inspector's office, and a number of other offices. On the roof is a Kepeating Signal Station — the tlifferent signals given on Partridge Island ■ of "vessels in sight," "pilot waiited," and the like are repeated here. There is also a Storm Signal-Station here. Dispatches regarding the weather being received here from points down the Bay of Fundy, and from "Old Pro])abilities" in Washington, and, if a storm is approaching, a signal is hoisted on the flagstaff' to warn those interested. There is also a Time Ball here which is raised half way up the flagstaff at fifteen minutes of 1 o'clock. At one minute before one o'clock it is raised to its full height, nnd at one o'clock, exactly, it is dropped. A splendid view of the city, harbour and surrounding country may be obtained from the roof of the Custom House. Our next point of interest at which we arrive is Heed's Point, where the wharves of the International S. S. Company, who run I I, I I ; 104 Til H CITY OF SAINT JOHN. stoiiiiicrs between Saint John iuul Boston, Ciilliiifif at Kastport ami Portluml ; the Union Lino, nmning steamers to I^ifçby and Anna- })()li8 ; the Express Line, steamers to St, (xeorpfe, St. Andrews ami St. Stephen, N. B., ami to Windsor, N. S. ; tlie Boston, Yarmouth and St. John Line, (Clements) ; and of the Anchor Line of Trans- Atlantic steamers. The wharf farthest down the harbour is the Ballast Wharf, or Breakwater, and is to be the deep water termi- nus of the Intercolonial lîailway, when the extension around the ('ourtenay Bay shore, from the Marsh Bridge is eomph^ted. The Intercolonial llailway Depot is situated in THE VALLEY, between the City and Portland, at the junction of Dorchester, Pond, and (larden Streets, City Road and Paradise Bow. With King S(iuare as a starting point, w(i go up Charlotttî Street, crossing Union, along Cob