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MCROCOTY HSOUinON TBT CHART
(ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2)
^ /APPLIED IN/MGE I
^^ 16SJ East Uain Str«et
B T^ RochMter. r^ew York 14609 uS*
'-S^ (716) 462 - 0300 - Phon«
^S <7*&) 2M - d9S9 - Fo»
m
f^^.^'s
THE HEART OF
THE ORCHARD
AND DAIRY REGION
OFaLAKE ONTARIO
330.9713
C12
Issutfii by Qirectlon of
J. Rocha, Ministar of tha Intarlor
Ottawa, Canada
. mn I ai iiai
L_^
THE HEART
OF CANADA
j 15y l\. A. Ki;sNi:nY (late of tlic London Times
I Stall, I.otuion. I'ui^. )
Issued by direction of
HON. W. J. ROCHE. Minister of the Interior,
Ottawa, Canada.
1915
1ETR
OROi
OPOLITAN
>iTO
Being t li c
:i HisiORr
MhFROPOLITAN
TORONTO
LIBRARY
hxd::
CANADIAN HISTORY
OrcK
nd D
•
airy
R
i^iou oi
Lake
Ontario
CONTIl.NTM.
Chapter I. BY THE SIDE OF A CHEERFUL SEA
■riic I'Tuit I'.tll I'll llu' X.Ttli Sli..rr 1,IT.,| ,.f til. (,t l..ik. «
..II ("liiiiati- Tlu' I-ir-t '^tttli r — riniucr 1 l.iuUliii.-, I'.i-t -
CiviIi/.Ml 1,. mil— Till- City of Tnr.mt.^A Journey Along lli.-
Lake Shori— rio1<l« an.l Cr..))— ("..m,.1 Soil— C.lonr and \';iri.
IV in the Se. Ill — Wliere the Apple i- Kiiin— Town- and \'il
l.iK-e-
-( Uh:\
and H..\vniativille
-M irnf.K inrrs — "Care" and
••|)..n"t Care" in the Orchard— I'ort Ho; -Cob.mrK— Uriyht
,,„_Trrnt..n-Kailwny— The City of I'.ellevillr-My Moi r
Car throiiwh I'rinre Kdwar.l Connty—Road^— Apple- on ilie
Beach— Home- of Comfort— I'ieton.
Chapter n. THE ORCHARDS AND THE APPLES _
The lUtiy Tre.- and the Crown iip--St.adv Work .nid Stea.ly
Prnlits— "Tin K..iii.di with the Sm .olh "— The Sfcret- <>i Sue
^ C*>>— A Year- \V..rk— Thinning' the Trnif- SellinR the Cr p—
P.-ivirK the Middl.-man'- rrotit—(o operative Societie-— £40
pe' \ere rrorit— Fav..nrite Winter Apph No Ilaiicer ..f
t )ver-iii)ply— Apples Alway I'opnlar— I-riiit «rowing -till in
it< Infancy— How Quality and Qnantity can hoth be Improved
—Mr F.. n. Smith's Statement- 226 liarrels per Acre— Ooo.I
Apples Always RrinR Good Prices— A Bad < Irchard made r,o..d
-Pack and C.rnde Iletter— P.oxe- in-fead of Barrels— The F.x
port and Home Markets— The We-tern Demand f.'r Apple
r.overnment Helji for I'arnier — Siipplyins the Cannerie-—
Canned Apples in the Old Country— Dried Apple— " Chop "
for the I'oreien Trade
Chapter III OTHER CROPS BESIDES APPLES
"Mixed l-'ariniiiK"— Fruit Kr..winji and Dairyiim Comhined -
SnKRe-ted Divisio of I.ahonr— Apple Orchards Pay Before
the Apple- Con -Small Fruits and VcRctahles Between the
Trees— Strawberrie- anil Rn-plierrie.^— Plums and Pear-— N'uts
—Tomatoes— Mai/e— Pea — A Visit t.. a Cannery— Its Labour
Problem— Tts Price- I., the On wer— Cheap and Good Foo.l—
1,'
Market C.ardeniii
Map'^ S
vrnp.
Chapter IV. LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY FARMING
Bees and Honey -Poultry ami I'.PH — C ille f.>r Beef— Chee-e
;nd Butter Factories— A Oreat Impro\ eiiieni in Herds l',e«iu
niuL'- >heep— HoK rai-inp— Ca-ailiaii ver-us Foreign Bacon—
A Bin 1 'arm— "Came Back to the Land"
Chapter V. THE OLD COUNTRYMAN'S CHANCE ^^^^
Great Tncrca-e of the Area under Orchard — Scarcity of Men
to Cultivate Them— Farmers' Son- Staying in the Country—
KeepiiiK out the Wrong S-rt of FuiiKrant— Worthless Labour
— Men Wh.> Learn— Fmigrants who have "Made Good "—A
Welsh Dairyman— A Man from Xorfolk— Result of Five Year-'
Work— " AuythinK Like this m FnulamP "— The Failure-—
Complaints of the Country and Peo,de— Letters from Knii
grants— Wapes of Farm Lah. .urer — Free House, Garden. Fuel
and Milk— Regular Re-t Times— The Poor Man's Opp..rtunity
—The Man with Capital— Get Experience Before Buying Land
—Farms tor Sale and to Rent — The Capital kequiicu- Loans
on Mortgages— Price of Farms— Chances in a Poor Farm-
Government Registers.
'i
I
The Apple Men of Lake Ont
ario
I
I,'
40
in
.-.1
CHAITKK I.
BY THE SIDE OF A CJIEERFUL SEA.
riii* I- iu> lan.v i.uiurr I ti„\i- 11,. 111111. i It. iii.ikr " -vrry n.u.sf a
■u .11.' <\. 11 on a (.•.ma.li.iii !.ik.-. 11. t t.. lay tlif .■,,l..iir mi tco ttiickly in
.'iiiiiii« (Vt-n a Canadian I.inclMai.r. -nil 1,-- 1,, reprr-rnt Canadian
II.' a- I'r.'c from ery ill that man 1- li,.|r t- \ly rra.l.-rs may tlifrr-
i-ro f..- Mirf tliat if I n-e a Mr..nK »..rd ..1 prai..' it 1- hrcan^f n. tliinK
li-s will accnratcly d<-crilvr tl'.e fact'.
"What is w.itli hatiiiii i- w..rtli liiiiiiiiii.'," 1 ..tier hfnrd a wi^f
:i.i 1 -a.\ And it 1, r.iually irnc Ilia! what i- »-.,rtli tiavinjf i> noi llfn
l.> he l..iin.l withdiit luir.,iiiK li i- l.y nn means tin- case
that hccaiisc y.m nrver heard ..f a particular distn I it
caniL.t tie ..nc ..f tho !u -t in all Canada. Hundred- of
thoii-and- of p,-..ple Ir.xn the Old Country have parsed
tlir..ii^,'h the ilistiict I am jn-t s'oiiiK to tell ab.mt, on their
wa\ t.. Tor. •Ml., and iiirlluT wt-t. and perha|>s have been
•llrd ill llici, ii.w h..mos lor many year-. v.ith..ut an idea that there
A
Wonderful
>"iuit
Country.
A Modern Cheese Fattory.
__ I anything in it i.ar!iciil..rly wrthy ..I alt,-nti..ii. \rt it is one of ihe
f:;cst fniit nr..\\iii^; .li iricis in tin.- world.
_.\ 'he Crcil I.akfs, ; .liihlron wli.. lu.ir .ahuiil ilu-iii in i;e..Kraphy
ars' I -"in-, an- simply .1 cnii..iis iratnrc ..n the map of y.'anada. How
•'■ ■'>■ !• 'I'le r.-ali/r ah.ii ,1 \;,-i .liffrnnc.^ ih.-y iii.iKe I., the life and
,„i Jr. -[., t.iy .1 th.- Canadians' 'I'h.y ni;ik-c an extremely 11-eful water
■ii.d 9'^li"-'-y. f..r ..11c Ihiiik;. 111. .re than ] .M) inilr- I, ,11,;. fr,,ni the head of
,i,y %''<^c Supori..r t.. lli.- p.^iiil wlicn- Lake Ontario overll.rws int.. the St.
and i.^r. ■■'■>• Rivcr--a Kit,;! u.itcr highway traversed by coui .le- i
an.s
■n —
*■ ...m,
The Cffat I..iVi'- li.iV'- .1 belter ii-r rvi i ihui ih.it Wr ,iM ki
wlinf ;i nmilitMiit; .imi -. Iti iiiiiij iiil!iietu-r ilir -iirr'H'iiliiik; -r:\ li.i«
th. ilini.itc i.f llir t iiitfil !■ i;u' ' '11 li.-w ntiuh mil
Effect of III! Hfl:li-| I- III ill' ■■•lll-ll i-lr^ lli..!l i.ll llll' tH-iKii|liitlI
the Lakci i''ntiitpiit "if iMin.) The Cir.Mi I.ake« have the »:
on Climate, -..rl .it rItVrt . n th • ilimatf .it tlie ciiiitry -iirr.>iii;('
Ihciii III the cil\ I Otl.iwa. bi'V.ind tlu-jr iiitliiiiK'i',
.ivrr.ine t«-iii|Mr.ilitrr. t.ikiiiK -iin iht .iiiiI wiiitrr lM^;ctliir, i~ .IS 4
the city 111 '{'.iriiiilii, i>ii l.akp (>i!l:iriii. it H -14 f>; .ir ni.ri' iIkiii -ix
|/r?e- hinlii 1' It i^ -till iihtp iii'cri--tiii,i; ti. tii.iKc, wlirii «!■ I..,.k i
the ilct.iil^, tli.it wliilr llif lake in-'iiio ihr wiiitir imIiI. K'^i'ii! T -ri
an iMT.ini- liiiipir.iiiit.- ten (jpyri-i-- lin;liri than Ottawa, it aUi' ir.i
ties the he.it, fi.r r.iri'iitn. tlmiiKli imuh tartinr -..nth. .utiKitly ha
^llnll!ler ti-inpii itiirc .i litili- Inwrr than that <<i f^tnwa
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1
Lake Ontario Has Firsi-vl.iss Sltanisliip S'-rvite
The !-liiirc of I..iIm- (liitarin, ilir r.iM. ruin, .-t ..t tlic (Irr.it l.al
wa> ciili'iii.'fi! very r.irl\ m llir lii-tiT\ i (.".iiiaila iiiiiliT the Uril
\].nx It u,i- .riviii.ill.\ -otili-il liy ihr I'liileij K.Miliii'' I.
The First .ili-i-. wh". uhcn ilu-ir cui-c \va- defiMterl in the thirl
Settlers. Ilrili-h cnh'iiie^ -liiith ■'!' Canada, were cuniiulled — e
if ill- y had wi-licd In rciii.iin — t.i leave their lands ;
pr<ipcriy and lie«iii lite aiu '.v in exile. Many 'if the l.c.yali^l- reeei
friiin the ririti>h Oovernine'it plots nf land almiif the Canadi.in sh
of Lake Ont.irio, and y.iii will -till !;nil tiuir de-i'riiil.ini- f.arniiiiK vvh
their exiled .iiuT-tc ir« slarttd t.' ilear away the f.'re-i nearly l.^n ye
a)jii. They eerlainly had a 'i.ird en"iicli -triu'Kle at tlrst: a pii>nec
life in a thickly wnoded land, before the day- of railway- .and ste:
ship* .lid telegraphs and telephnne-, iieee--:!rilv called fur -trenu'
toil and patient endurance.
If the people who leave the Old Country for Ontario to day th
they are poing to find nature "in the rniiRh" and to have the hcrcnl.
task of niakiuR it spionth — like the " Settlers in Canai
A Civilized i" .itain Marryat'- story, wlio .ire described a- tak
Land. ^nd on the north shore of Lake Oiuario close to Kin
ton — well, they c?n make their minds easy. The fact
the idoneer work was done for them long ago by those old Lov;^li
and the British immigrants who settled among them and their desce
APR 2<
U(w
Wr ,.11 kr.
Ill; -rii ll.l«
nim li iiiiM
•.nl. in the farly part ,.f ,hr 1;,., c..n,„.v Tl>, m.n and wn
y M,rr..,„;.l,... I '■'-'"• " '"" '^ •'""' ^h'-r't— . -Iiily p.pfr^ .n.t ,|.,ly p,„t,.
<r...n It. nor.herri .(...rr y,,„ f„.| ,, jf ,,,., ^,„. . ,_ _ . , ' '*' ""
""• '"^^•;-- -'"'y p a V... .,.;.,..:::,,; ,.;":.,„: :,.:^
v.... w..„M r..;,.my aRr, . if v.n, h:,,,,r,u-,l ,.. ,,. ,„„ „n ,, in a .,..rm
iflillllllO'. Ill :
r. 1- .'S 4; II ;
f iIkiii -IX ll'
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n itit; T.-T' iiii '
, It al~n !r."ili ;
t •« a •■ .ra with a .hfTcrcu-,-!,, ,« rv .r V,.,i ,an he -.Mck on ..
K.,„nl!y ha. ... r..,„h „,..„her. h,„ ., ,„rr. ,|..„„. „, ,,. mil.l ,h..rr w„i, th. v«
^ ;;;::::;: « •''■-" •'•'"■-' - -•- -.„.•- ..,«,. ,...,, „.., „„'^:,
..M t «,n,- .-irc r,„,,l,.., o .in,...r..,| r,, ,he miehtv broker, of ,he
,„, I; '■''"'";'' ^; '^"-'""^ ■'■■'■•"■' — - «'...!.« hr ...in.ed
""•""'■-"'"••'■". ^.'. .M...-,.,l „„,.,.-,.,„ |..|.„i,t CM I. n„i,ri,h„
' '■.liiiL'lv II, ,|. ripii;hh..iiili..,.,|
C.riMt l.:ike-
iT llic Hriti^l
I'.Mipi.''' '•">
n ihc tliirtfci
ilpi lied — evci
eir l.iiiils an,
;ili«t> receivci
aiiaili.in shor
.•iriiiiii>{ wher
:irly 1311 year
t : n iiinncer' I
, - and iteaii! j
fcir -trenu<)ii-|
1 today thin ■
the hcrcnlca j
s in Canada i
bed as takifj
lost' lo Kiii'4 I
The fact i i
old Lov:.li-t I
their descend i
1
The PuMir School Syv^m ,, Ef^.crnt ,n Every Waj.
Come vv.rh nie for a lutle run al„ne it- no.heri, shore by the
'■'■nu\ Ininl, k.nlway. ins, ,„ ,,„, , ,„M,minary idea of the land-capr
Th. r;.„ ,' "■ '•'" "' ^'■"' '■■■"" ■''"^"'"". •■"- ♦'!<• "Pita! of ,h.
The City 1 ,,.,„.-.. !, ,. .., .,„ unu.h e.iy. f„l! ,,f .nrr^rv and en
of Toronto, ler,,,,-.. „ ,,„. „. ..,„„,„ ^,^^^,,.. ,,,^ ^,^^^. ^^^^^ ^^^^^
.ii.-v^r.i.Mt„,„ ,.f |„„„;,„,n: ,,,,, j,, i.,,rljanient House its
.'.ver-„v. „- C„v Hall ,„„! -„„,.. ..f „. ,,„„,„e- would be ornanienl-
- an^ .enire ,,, p„,,,,la,„ ,„ ,„ ,1„. world rvlectric tram-cars run in all
lirotionp weMward. for ,n-,„n,-... ,o ,he fair Rronnds, and norMiw.rd-
"• .. .rea, re-id.nt.al ,,„aner of l,and,on,e ho„-,s in beaiitifnl gardens
Ft is ea.y to unafzine ihe imn.ense advantage a food-produein. com-
-..my^.njoy. by bein. .i.h,,, ,.., reach of a eitv o/^ nearly Iti.iS.
We leave the city a, nine in ihe m.,r„ing. and have barelv tin:- to
JaiKc through the paper-f„r the Toronto papers have a lot .n them
— before we feel irresistibly compelled to look out of the
The Railway window instead. The lake, as we skim along beside i
Along ic Rlowinp bine and silvrr in the snn. A rongh rampart
the Lake. of bniiMrr'^ and Ings ha>; been thmwn up to protect the
line, which often run* fearlessly nlonn the very edge
Farmhotises, too, stand with perfect a-«urance of -^.-ifety close to tlie
shore.
\s the co.i-t winil- 'jciMh. with .h:ilh w t).iv- :nicl low luMiIl.-iml-.
the railway's slraicht conr-^e takes lis awav from the lake and through
widestrelcliinv; meadows — nrlds of the tall and almost
Fields and tree-like mai/c. or Imli.m . .rn, whicli i- always called
Crops. sjniply "corn" in Canada — lieliU of cl.iver inoro pa-lure,
with her<N of milch kine gracing — more t'leld-^, now hare,
for it is mi<l ?eiitemher, and the wheat i- reaiied and much of it |irob
ably sent to m.irkcl by now — more pastures, more t'leUI-. more henl-.
more corn. The fences .ire commonly of wire: but often you may ~till
<ee one of -plit i-. d.ir l"v:-. -nrvivini; from a time wlieii lii.~ were
commoner than dirt, and Indeed were rei^anled .i- o!><truction< to he
cleared off the fertile ilirt a*- '-oon a- po=-ible
A smart-lo.ikiiiL' ii.-i-^enser in the wrKi -eat -t.irl- .1 com ir-atiou
about silver mine- in the back wood- .if the n.irth. He i- iiitere-teil in
a "great proposition" np there. With s,,nie diflieuhy 1 eon
Good Dirt, .fince him that the "dirt" T tak*- an intere-t in i- of .t much
more n-eful sort than even the hiijhest grade -ilver ore y.i
discovered at C>balt-the dirt that ri-cs in -ap and iran-rii;tire- it-elf
into ajiples and <■' ni
We cnvss mild little r.avine-. mini.itun- \,illev-. lined with vr tr. ■■-
Most of the trees left standing here and there in lleld corners are ..f the
dcridnons kind, and any day the maiiles may he pnltini.' on
Colour. their gorgeous autumn robes ,if fl;inie colour They are
green enotigh now. and -cores of hor-i^- and cattle are
sheltering under their thick f<iliace from the -iin Green, too. are the
lower pastures. Btit there are brilliant sireal.s ,.f pnrph' and yelh.w.
wild asters and colden-rod. on the sloping bank- of \alley- where state
ly bulrushes rise from modest creeks.
.\ear O-hawa, lhirt\- three mile- from Toronto, in Ontari.. C.Mintv.
the wayf.irini; eye i- e.iruht hv a young and lean looking oreliard.
id.iinly .a ree>iil .le\ eh ijuiuMit of n farm which al-.. -Iw.w-
Entenng .^^.^^,_ ^ f,^ ,,ilifti!Iv cultivated ..^.arden veg,t:ih!.>- and ,i -tri.^
Apple ,,f ,],,, ^., ^,. „^,,a! Corn and piimpkin- 'l"he orchard ina\
^'"''" he taken ,a- .1 -it;n,il that h. re or In r. .il>. mt- we enter tin
realm- of the V..rtli Shore ajiph While a|ii>le- .are er..wn from on,
end of the l..ike t.. tlie other, the indu-lrv has r. aehed. perliap-. it-
hii..'he-t iioint ..f development in the ei-ntre of this lielt. lie
The Apple ''■''^ "" monop.dy ■ \ en h. re. ilii- king of fruit-. He i- a
is King. tolerant ntonareh. .i- we -h.all pre-ently find — nianv va-ee II
table jirinee- holding -trong po-itii,n- in the realm \ever 2,
theic--. he i- the King,
■\ hn-y little town of 7AM< -.'id- i- I't-h.ova: a niannfaeturim; town. »
but without the -moke and the glocun that we a-soei.ite witli tin ide.i g'
of gve.it manufacturing indu-trie-. Sweetne-- and light Ci
Oshawa. -pread far .aiid wiile .n O-hawa. f.ir the mu-ie of it- piano- fi'
i- lieaiii in Inqnes all over the Hominion. .nid ilu- in.i'Miii; S-
of gas CiNture- is .mother e.f it- specialties, while l.irge .]nantitie- ..fW
frttit are al-o distributed frotn its centre Tlie O-hawan- m.ake f.nin
implements, too. and carriages, and (■■.,,,llen g,,,>ds. .and whitewi-.ar. .an,' D
wire fencing and leather and harne-s. In 1900 this town sent out man
^..-...f*
H e
A Promist o( ,i Record Yiilii.
T:^^^^u'-^\ ^-'°'''' '" '• '° '' ""' "'""-'» i'^ -"put to fi,-
Fr..,n a flat ..ro.ch of far>n!nn<l. v.in.d with nicandcring .tr..m..
I n .o„,e ,u.,.l„ that ,ivc. ,. ^rand v,ew. of ,hc ^learning
r.ns down ,o ,!,o wa.or - cd.^e; a mi^luv ol„, standing alon. in a
.more ac-rr- ,,f .I.v.r and corn: more orrhard^. soms of th.m .-.Id-
•U-iu-.I. l.ur aU„ uoll rnltivaf.-d, not \.f, „, ,,;,., ^^r „f themselves
■•; n,any pu-.,,re-,,ne 1h„ ,.„„r „ld orchard, in o„r own co„ntryMde'
I -n,c narl,n«,, ,„,„-,. arriv,. a, an .,(,er pleasant little centre of
l.f-tl.. toun ,,f Il,.vn,n„.,Il,.-wlm.h has a great reputation for
• </»JJ««
the making of organs — the parlor instruments which ar« i
Bowmanville. too often known in England as " American organs,' |
thojigh nothing made in the United States can snrpa?* \
the organs made in this Canadian town. Its popiil.ntion is nnlv about j
3,000. yet its manufacturers are valued at f.1.';6.295 ($1,781.47.1') a year. |
There is plenty of variety in the scene as we roll away again to the j
rast. past Newcastle and N'ewtonville— hero a stretch of land cleared a-
bare as your hand, every inch available for cnltivatior '.
Variety. there, land sprinkled with trees, singly or in little cinmp- j
' M"ri,.!'v iliick in till- .1.11- There i- \;irie(v nl<..\-e .-i- we" I
as on the e.Trth. The C.nn.Tili.in climnfc. though not fickle like our- |
does not go to the other extreme— lilc that of Kgypt, for instanc i
where most of the time the sun st.nr.-- muiI piMrrs with mcr<-;i(«ss m( i
notony T. • rl;n tliere i- iu-i ii-li rl.v.,] t,, tlerk flic <kv :iih '-(•lievf
the darzling lake with streaks .f shadow. |
To be quite fair to the Old Country, it is not in England alone thp|
yoii can find uncared-for orchards. Here is one that has been alhnvr-i
to go to rack and ruin: half the frees are dend. niid ycf le' i
Care and standing unreplaced. What a f.nle of -^loth and sloven!' |i
Don't Care "*'^ '* tells! .\nd what a contract to the trim and tid>#i
• 'reh.ircl of tlic tieiirlili. >iir. who-r frer~ .-ire e.Treil f..r lil ;
the treasures they are and loaded with fruit.
For ^ome time we !i.-i\e heen i.,i--i!io- tlir.ui;!! thr e..iintv of Dn
ham. Just before entering Northttmberland we =top at Port ffop
This is the junction for n branch of the ('.rand Trunk R.ni
Port Hope way ninning north to the inland counties of Peferhoroue
and Victoria. T should like to take yofi up there, but fl
attractions of the great lake .Tre too <froiie. Tii~f look out firion it nov
.A wonderful change has tome over if with fhe changing of the sky-
a stretch of purple, a ^trenk of liclif green, then purple again, lighter
ing suddenly into silver, and beyond fhnf darkening into bliuv
Port Hope has a name smacking stronglv of the cheerful »ea
good name, and a pood pl;ice, N'nfice thf dorks, with a steamer in
coming in through the harmless waves of the bay. It is n bu^y pine
like it-^ neiphb.,iir~: riot rr..w(l,,I .uid io^ilini;, t.. \u- Mire -l,..,k ;it tli
orchard in the middle of the t..wii— bnf hii^v all the ^.nnie It- .^.O"
inh.ibitniit- inere,i-eil tlnir in.imif.ietnre- I.\ ,.\,r S2 ]» r ei nt in t,
years— from fl.'l fWi ,«r,::0O<,n in l'K>ti to f:7A.W] (?^].^rOA^|■^ in l"h
The next town has .piite a c'.aracter (<f ifs own Tt is both cosm
politan and fashionable Many rich folk from the T'nited States
escape fhe oppressive he.if of their own cities, have con
Cobour". over and established 'iutnmer hou es for themselves ■
Cobourg: and Cobouri; ha^- become a great internatior
lakeside resort si,rh .ts r.-iii hardlv be f.mml el-pwhere in fhe Domini.
The "Im^iiness ,.f life." v.oi mieht tliii^' . ,i<. \ . m wnndcr rilone the <h:H!
avenues and watch the vi^itor^ it, the gardens or i->n t'
lake, consists of lawn tenni<. b.-'thine. golf, boating a
'•■ >■'- I'nt 'he rotionri>-er-. fln-ni -e!\-e- have n e^. 'd d
of bnsine'ss fiesicles enferinc for fhe "^iMnmerrr''." Frv
parking and shipping you nafitrallv expect to find: but v
may be s„rpri=ed to discover a fullv enuinped farforv for r.iilwav rn
The last available returns show a manrfnetnrine output of £32?.'
f$1.128 74Q'> in 1010 from a por.t,!otir>n of e^tilv .'?0?4.
The engine bell rings, aiid again the panor.ima rushes by— a ba
orehnnl. n.wlv pl.anied; then if- m\ vear ..hi ^i-ler: alre.idv viehl^
fruit, for men and bovs .ire picking aiiplo* into barrels: and also
rugged old relation, not past work yet. for a wagoti load of full barr
8
i
American
" Sum-
merers."
which ar
organs.
n siirpas
nly abnv
a vfar.
ain to th
cleared n
iltivatinr
le cliimp-
like oiT
instam-
•;i(>ss mi
11' rclii'\'
ainne thp
r. allowr^
ifl yef lo'
tlnveill'
anrt fid'
.1 f.T lil
JUS, conung .,u, .n,o the road. For a .hile we sk.rt the edge of the
' .....n ,.l,.ugl„ng a br„w„ l,il,,i,le w„h a team of the glo.sics brnwn
r.e, a l.r, ly walnut ,rce ,„ ,l,c uuMU of a f,eld. .rS road" and
.^r..U«, nvulcts n,„,.,„g d,..,. ., ,he lake; ...gui.s fl„a.t ^^n^c '
|.,/;i^::hi^.;^^^^^^
Ontario Tr»«»— Blick Maple
9
and comfortable houses whose lawns run down to the neat cement side-
walks under the shade trees of a magnificent public avenue. Rolling
along to the east, we soon reach the end of Northumber-
Trenton. land county, and arrive at Trenton, in Hastings county. It
is quite a small town, but with rather a "citified" air, and
is a place of more importance than you would imagine from the fact
that its population is only about 4,000, It may be described as com-
mercially a strategic point. Here the peninsular county of Prince Ed-
ward joins the mainland; and from Trenton, railways run both up to
the north through Hastings and down to the south and east through
Prince Edward. Here also is the month of the Trent River, where
t'rc.Tt canalizing works are being carried out by the Federal Govern
ment. The town is likely to develop into a manufacturing centre of
some consequence, by reason cf the water power thus develupe.l at it^
door. It may ,iNo dcvelr.p into a ^ireat ^nnlnll•r rc-..rr. Nature ha> en
dowed it with a womlerfnl advantage ti.r h..atinK and bathing in the
expanse of smo.ith water between the ni.iiiiland and the shclteriiiR pen-
insula of Prince Edward— the beautiful liny of QiiintO.
A twenty minute rnn from Trent, .n liriiii;- u- t.. Hellesillr. wliicli i-
aho on the -hore of the Bay of Quinte- and you will find apple or-
ch.irds n..nri-hing on t;o,.d -oil hertabont-. ,,r ,v. ii fnrllur ea-t alnng
the lake as far as King^ton, where the river begins; hut the apple is ]
no longer king j-
The apple country I am speaking ..f, th.uiRh it has no elearly de i
fined frontiers, at present consists chiefly nf a -trip along the lake front ■
in Durham and Northumberland, with parts of Ontario ami
The City of Hastings counties, and practically the whole of Prince Ed
Belleville. w.inl, Wlun yon pet to Relleville you ,ire far on into lias j'
tings county, where, as in the other counties of Eastern |
Ontario, the great source nf wealth is not in tlu orchard but the dairy f'
Vast (juantities of cheese come to thi- city for transp,,rtati.in to the]'"
Old Country: but there is al-o fruit enongh coming in t.' keep an cvap i'
orator and canning factory at work The city'- maimfaetnre-. wliicli f '
were valued in 1900 at about £\\2.tMM\ had jrown to i'J41,2,?.s in the last I"
census year, '
Belleville, ■ Centre of the D«iry Induitry.
10
ent side- ! ^^'^ ""^ '•<"' fiP al'«ng the lake shore. let us turn back to Trcn-
Rolling i " ^""' "^^"^^ '"^ ''"'"kc int.. Prince Ivlward C..nntv. This county
•i"'"ber- , "^«'' ';' •"■•■' IH'',inM,Ia. j,,ine.l t,. th,- n,;,i„l.„ul bv :,n i,th-
'""'^- " i Edward '"",!,■ ■'■ '.'"■'^'.r^— ■ ••' •"">' -'<■• -•-•'- wa. known
the fact ^°""'y- ;'''•'•■■"'-"<•■'-' "'.H-h mor..,h,,„ half a c.,„urN "..,, w|„.„
as com- ,,"'"■"'*•'-'"''''■<■''"■'"' for.-i. thor,. w,. „. ,,„.I ,.v,„
ince Ed- : ''■;"« ' l;" '^l^;-/''-.- trom K,n«„„„ ,, Tor ^-„„„„,„ ,„,t a b i, l"
th up to :- "■ ' I-; "■'>■<.,.>„„..,.. all ,...r Cana.la. .1,,,, , ,„ „,.. ^,„,,,, „, !
through "' "'"^ '-"• •™^- -"".■n,,.rial. „-.,, „, ,.,, ,,. , ,„^,,^,„^. J ^^
r. where ^;.;''- '''f- ■•■'"' -cr. w.rc. a.ailabi,.. an.l that wa, aln„ .., ,. .-r .vh
Govern- ^^ """ ""■-^- --■ '" .' M^... wh,-r.. ,h,,v ha., ,., ,•..-. ., ,,|, „f ,,Vv l.u',1
't: -f Turned into iz^: ^'z:'-':^- "■ ""■"""? "" ^: "■'■''" '■■' "-"^
:t: v: - is'and. n..M b,:,,:,;;: , ' •r;:':;.,;:::ir:";' .;."-'" •■• ••"•
"''■ '^" 1 ■ I- r"r..iKi' iK.ii in-lit, .n wa-;
„,, „.,„. -i.T. tbron.h ,h. Ha, „f o,„„„.. y,,,,, ,„„,„,.,; ,„^ ;;'^^^ ,
. - U-., ,,u.rce.l bv a canal, an.l IT,,:.-.. IM.,,.,! ba, b.,.,, ,nr„..,I i ,
which i. I," •;••-'— h,cb ,n„M „,„ ,,, ,„„f„.,, „,„, ..,,^,„^,_, ,.,,,,j;'^', ::
apple h ■ l'-"^'-''-..-, b.luan! C-u.u i, „ „,,„.,, ,„ ,, ,„,^^ ,^, ^^.,,
iirj'n^
arly .le- , „ . . ■"'" ^•" "" ■'^^''" «''«" «•<■ Ukr | 1,-,,.,,, „ ,,„, _
kefn.nt ,, ^"^ ^^ "'■"'"> '-"l''-' '" ''■■"■„ that tr,v,l!,„c bv „„„.,- ,,, : „
arioan.l Motor Car. mI,!,. i„ Cna.b, a, all. ., ,„„.„ ha- ,„, , ', '
|.,".r r.M.N tbr,
II -ai.l ib.,Mt t!i,.
"« [-.d . 1 ' '■"•'■'- 'I.' r, I, ,- ,■,.,.,.,, nl> . ,;„, ,1,,,, ,-,,,. Tana. In, I
,t,. Has ' ■"': >■,'" '■"•"pare uitb , it,, an.l thr, .r, ,.,„.„ x.rv h ,.< h„,
Ha^torn f 7"' " ''"• '""'''"'^ i^ i" "'.■ .ati,,^. ... ,l„. ,,,,„„■ ..^ .i,,.',;,', .V .; ,"
,c .iatry. f"'"'^ ^^ " ■— - «• ' r..h, a.- ,,„ I,,,,, '„; ,'1 ;,','"'
, ^„ „;^ IPMnCnro „r ...Ii.t ,!,„,a... ,„ ,|,„ ,,„, „„, .,, . . ,,, , j/ ; „t i "'' '
HI cvap :'■'■'■■ ','"'•■ ^•'"" "'■ '"■i'^'' ■■!>- II,.. „,,„„ r, a,!, u. ,|,, ,,,, ,,,.,,,, ',' "
,_,, J,, P;n..»Y-l-"l..;.l--.nk .,,.,,,,,,, ...a.ban.lL.^:,. ■; ; „:
.'■ nrr,'\ i- pi:,,.: -:,ili,,i.
■■' '"'"•' ."""-ine .■|.i — b-, an.l -h, ,,-m ..f ti,,.
Southern Ontario Road, are Well Caied Ku
u
The surface of the counn i> very Rcntly undulating Uiinnini:
ca-t anil wc^t i- a inimatiirc'
rising t(i a height "( .'(K) fee!
hilly than t!ie mainlani! Tl
>oinc poor land there i- ^i.in.
lt ■ f hill-i. a little ridge oceasi.inalb
!)iit ilir i>l:iiid a- a whole i~ much lc->
inil varie- a g.M.d deal; hut ahing with
(if the be^t in Canada.
Passing the villaR.- .f dn-e,-. n. we nntice a beautiful cirden
bright with a>ter-. h. altliy l'i.>kiiiK table vegetabl.-, a iieh'
Variety in nf buekwheat. "prime -tuif for iiincake-^" — corn. eow-. and
Farming. hor-e~. and gee-e. The .ipide li.i~ no iilnnopoly here, a'
we cm plainly ~ee. Still, he i^ pu-hing his way, as th(
yelling iirehards bear widie--. .itid in m.iiiv part^ he is lirinly e-tabli-h
ed. Here, as \( ,■ p,i-~. i- .m ol'Iii aeri' .i.h.ird of trees -idl yminii
but covered uilli fiiut-the p<r-i-Uiii nid pmiitable Hen D.ivi-. .\l
WellinRton win"..- we li.ilt for diiiii. r. we look out on a beautiful eur\
ing bay from .i pi. .i-..nl urove dt voted to picnics A refre-hiii}:
h.reeze blows in ..niiiii: thi- -liady trie-, and apides are dr :U''"K '"
the beach where t!ie gm-ii wavcM brc.ik.
The hou-i - ..lul gardeu- ,iiid lawn- almig the road -p: ak unnii-
takeably of wc.ilth and eon'fort, a- thr big ..reliards of fiiiit-ladcn tree-
speak of the rich, well-drained -oil m which tiny llouri--h. .Xgaiti. how
ever, we are called on tn ob-erve that iriiit growing i- onlj
Homes of om- -tring to the i-lnnder'- bou- .^pples, cherries, tomat
Comfort. o,-. ]iia-. bean- and lorii; .lairying. market gardening—
under gla-s and in the open— bee-keeping. i>oultr\ raiding
here is variety enough.
'I'lirough a tie.iutiful (louble aveu'.ie of maple trees that -hade tin
verandah- of prosperous citizens we enter the town of Picton. On tin
map it seems a rather out ot the w.iy place, away there a
Picton. the far end of the little island railway; but when you ge
there you cannot disr..v( r any symptons of isniation ('ioo<
shops, hamlsome churches, almost liixiuiou- homes, nnd .1 genera
sense of thriving contentnn rt— th'-se an' wh.it yon -ee .uid leel m I'icton
Picton, «n Induitrioul Littlt Fort ol Printi; EilwaiJ Cu
12
Om.ii io Fruit A wait my S^i.pmfnt
CHAITrat II.
THE ORCHARDS AND THK APPLES.
"I!lr-,- -ire I :\- l.,iliir.." -.ii,| i fllllirr wl'.-lll 1 v\ i- Mllii;-. .1 K'W
iri;. - n,.rlli ,.f tl,,- I,,!;,. U\. ,y,.... .i.,,h1,,!l' -ii .1 Iiill-i.I,'; I., -11,,! ,.,,
niiuiiiii: lip t.> the -iiMiiiiir. w.iv ,, .Im-r w ! ..' iiiji.!,- ,iii,l
The Baby .Im l„r-,,rri!-. -!..,,ii-..; ,!,,un •., •!!.■ i;.rri, >;,•■, I. u.i- .1 ^r,M!
Trees. m .IuI.iT'l: -ir.'t.ii .,1 1ir,.u'n .■,irt!i •I-ti.-.I ,1! wi.l, ii-ii'rv:il~
with littli- free- 'I'h.v I.M,k.-,I -,. -i,nl! .ni.! in-i-iii'i.-.u!!
:.t:.l lu'Ii'h-- tli;i1 "habi,'-" -,--incil tlir ■■,i\\ ■ Miii- \v,,nl t.. ilr-fnl... il,. ,„
'•\'..w 1-..11U" .-If!.! tlic ■.^:. nvn i!i>- " li- o..nliiinr.l \Vr -triuk
■>T..-s tli.- h.iliy c.r.-h:ir.|. .•uu! ).r<-~.iitly I'.uml ..ur-.'I\r- .1111. 1 l; linn
-m\uU r<'l.ni..i)-- Tlir trcr- wr,- 11. 4 t.il! ..r iini' mt; ni
The -i.'t— tlirv Ii.iil |.iiri..-.I\ lir. ,, k, ,,t ,l,,wii ill hrielii. -,. :, -
Grown-ups. !.. .iv.-i.! ditiiriiltv ;•; lu.-kiiic tko frnit fr—ii t!i,- !..iiiii..-t
liiiili-- hut they \vi i ,• ,>!! -tr.inL; .iii^l in iMitrct !, .i!'h
i"'"''i -"""^ •■'■•'■ I'rini 1:.h! .•ili-r:,,!v hrr,, puk..]. .itk.T- wrr,- k..iil,-,!
.k.wi. n{<], hii; ;.p;.h-- ti!! t!ir hr.iiirk,. . .;hii..-i t..u.li.,l th, lt-iiimK
"Tlii- i- hi-tirr thill! .-iiiv i,'..M mir,.-," -n,] th.- pr-ii.! ..«■!>■- "riii
^.rry fi.r thr 111,111 ih.it i- .■:iiri.-.l aw.iy liy tin- tr-hl .1
Steady Work: -Wv.r f. ' . r. :i1um>- ili.i-irv r,,iiii,l ,u:.l hiintiiii; l-r ,. hit;
SteadV Profit. ■':■•!.:■ :.:::! :!■. huT f.....r h. . '■■■■ .•■■■': ■■.■.: .; !.'
tJUrr '^jiLhlr Th.Ti''- 11,. c.iiiihh' ,ih..i;; .ipph- ll'-
-liMiK W'rk .inil -tcadv pri'it"
"With a certain aiiu'iiiit nf ri'-k." I remarked.
13
"Til hf ^urr." he 'aid "There's a certain »nloiint of risk as there
i> ill evcrytlniiK cKe — jw^t onoiiKh to make it iiiteresting. Oh. I've no
patience with the man that rai>es a howl whenever the
The Fruit- lia~t little thing happens to hurt his crop. Take the rough
Grower's .vilh the -mooth. I say. and nverage things up, and you're
Philosophy, .ill ri^ht. Some year^ there is less profit than others, of
cour'^e. and I've ueiuhbours that have an absolute loss now
aul tlien r\e never had that myself, and if I had I wouldn't howl.
There'- Mr , dov, i; the roail. pulling a long face because he has en
Iv Rot 2^ barrel- an acre; but he -eems to M^rget that two years a^o he
linil ..vcr 1()0 barril- an ;icre It's downright ungratefid. -o it seem- to
iiie. to RniinWo .ibont a -iiiKle failure in fifteen year^ — and that"- what
it W.I-. one f^iilnre to loiirteen sncce-se-. What w;is the can-e i.f the
~ni.ill crip- I'r.'-t wlirn tlie tree- were in blo^-i.ni. Vi.u know
wli M th.it i- ill tlir Old I'ounlrv. I believe, don't you "
1 h.id to admit that we wire painfullv familiar with fro-t in blo-
-oniinu time in '■n«!anil In t.iet. the fruit -ufTers le-- from fro-t in
I'anail.i tliaii in I'iiv;l.ini!. wluii' un-ea-on.-.bly mild wealhiT e.irlv in ilie
viar till often foree- the tree- into flower prematurely, and then a
-prini; fm-l poiiiiee- dnwii and nip- them
Hur friend who "lake- the ronyh with the -mooth" .md lind- that
»lu re i- more -month than roiujh. i- no e\i-ei>tion Ap.irt from -ueli .an
iiei-.a-ional tiii-hap .a- I have inentii'tu-d. there i- no enemy
The Secret of the apidi- j. .wir that cannot In- guarded acain-t and
of Success, defeated by knoivledye .and iiidii-try The earele-- man.
the fool or the -Iiit'Kard e.an tail .-h aiiide unovini.' a- la-ily
a- lie can fail at any nther oeeiip.iticin. The man of ordin.iry iiitelli
'jciiee. who l"ir-t le.arn- what he ha- to do and then i\i<i'~ it with rea-on-
alile energy, lind- apple Kri.wiiiH .a -teadilv 'imhtable bu-ine--. and as
idea-ant a- it i- pro'''tabIe. "Don't care" u'l'l hanped — it i- .a true pro
verb, in apjde trrowinv; -a- in other kind- of life. The m.an who does
earr. and t.akr- e.arr. i- tlie man who -neei-ed-
h'ir-t of .all, llie m.an who want- to -iieeeed t.akr- e.are to eho.i^e
riulit -ort I.f Land Tlien he take- e.are t.. eh..ov,- the riii'it v.arietie-
iif apjile — tile -ort- which yrow be-l in hi- locality .and .are
nio-t likely tn lind a re.adv .and -le.ady -.ale, lie take- eare
to t;el hi- tree- from a reliable ipiarter. He mo-t dilitreiif
ly cn'tivates the -oil of the orchard, u-inp plenty of man-
ure. He doe- not allow hi- "b.ibie-" to be robbed of tiieir
noiiri-hnient either by weed- or by the -mall crop- which fa- loUK a-
the free root- have not -pread far) m.ay be permitted to occupy the
middle -pace-. He not only "feed- hi- babie-." but elean-e- them.
-prnyiuK then, with the proper mixture- to de-troy the little pe-l- that
attack them. He prune- their branche-. and when they have come in-
to bearing; he pull- ofT many of the youne apple- -o that the re-t can
i;ri>w bii: and tine. When the crop i- ripe — if he i- (roiiiR to do hi- own
pickini; and marketinc: -he crades the fruit hoiie-tly. -o that .a barrel
marked "\'o 1" apjde- on the out-idc shall have none hut "N'o. 1" ap-
ple- iii-ide from top to bnUoni: and he -eek- the most correct informa
lion about the market-, -o a- to -end hi- ajiple- to the place, and .at the
time, where and when they ,ire likely to be mo-t in demand.
It i- iiot i,'\er^' fruit iir''wer wh.o doe- all these th.itii^- or d.ie- tlieni
iill ,as Ihoronnhly ,i- they might be done There are various grade- of
.apple men a- there are various grades of ai)|)les. Rut. ju-t as the best
[iriee i- alway- to be pot by the "\o 1" apple, so the .apple trade of
the future will more and more fall into the hands of the '.\'o. 1" men
tl
What the
Wise Man
Does.
14
An Apple Orvli.inl in HItiiim.
"I li:iiil atul ^prcul iiKiiirrc in tin wini.r," -.in- ..in ni.ii.l "Im..!!!
• ill.. lit till- luiilcHc ,<i lM-l>ni,iiy t.. lli. iiii.l.ll,- ,.| M.n.h i, pniiiiii^; liiiu'
A~ S....11 :i> till- t;r..\iiiil i- i.t |.. w..rk. -.ly ill.- li.v;iiiiiitiv; ..|
The Year's Vpril, wc kcI i.ii t.) it .nid -t.irt .nltiv.iiiiii; \\\- imilih
Work. r..MniI the trcf^ witli vtr.iw l.. k.-. p llic iii,.iMiire in (In- ...il
Al !i-.i-l tuii'c in flu ^uiiinu'r u.- -pra\ llir tri'.'^ i.. ki('|i
f|i>\vi' iV.c pr-i,. In [lino \vc i;.. r.nin.I in.l p'lll ..If a l..t ..f ili,- fruit
uluTi- ifi- t..,, tliick " \ i;iia! niativ . n li..r(!nuii lra\.' .nl ilii- ii.m
..f '.111' pn.yr.ininie: l!i, y ha\i- n. .| the liinc. llu-y -ay. ami lii'lp i~ ^raic.v
I r.ut it .iUKliI I., ho (l.iiic, if p..-Ml.K- N'..t ..nly .lur- the thinning .nK
lioip to pr.idiirr a >T..p ..f niiif..rnily !':iic frnit. lull it pn-v.-nl- tlif U\ c
fn-tn l)fini; so f\lian-titl liy an ..vrr lua\ s vicld ..nr y< ar lliat it cm
..Illy i)r..(hu-o a very livjht cr.'p llic ii.-\l yrar.
Till- aiijil,' harv.-t Iiryiii- ui'li llir larlv \ariiti.'- ah..nt llu- lir-t ..f
S.pliMili.r. an.l ina\ la-t till \v -r mI- in \!..-l .,f the lainirr- -avo
till' lr..nlil,- .,f pirkii-K' I'y -illini; llir iT..p a- it -taii.N t.. a
Selling to d.-aKr in llu- nolL;Iili..nrinu |..un. wli.. -.inl- a i:ank; ..ut.
Dealers. clear- the ire.--, pa.k- lli.' fniit and -liip. it away I., iiiar-
ki't. Thcro i- -. .iinlhini; t.. I..- -ai.l i.-r thi- -y-t,-in It
-ot- tin- fanner free t.T (\o ..tlier w..rk; it -.i\,-- liini fr..ii] the tr.nl.l.'
.if ■eekiiiB and encacing labmir. and the ri-k ..f a dr..p in i.ri. e- Hi-
ri-k end* when the denier ha- taken and paid fur the er.ip
l>ii the iithor hand, the li-k i- n..l ■.;r.Mt; and the deil.T'- pr..'it.
lakiiiK line year with an..tli.r, i- l.ir^;.- Why -Imnld n..| llie farmer
t.ake the ri-k an.l y,r\ the nii.ldl. man'- pr.it'.t If .in in
The Middle- .Iivi.In.il f.triner m.ike. ihr all. nipt by him-elf. pi., inly
man's Profit, he e.inn..t evpeet th,> -am.- iiK.ml.iiie a- .i .le.der. uli.. i-
ii-ed t.. hnndlin^r l.irne .|n.inliii.- .,f pr..iliue .and i- in
l.iiieh with I.irye eii-t..iner- P.nt a nnnili..r ..1 f.iriner- t.iv;eth( r, unil
' '"'" ' '^' ■^' ' '■■ ■ "■'■ a'l vantage-; ..: .1 .;...:
er - pii-iiii.n and all Ihe pri.'it- that he .i;et<.
Co-operative llif farmer- are ■indiii.,' thi-; mit. .\T,tiiy ..f them
Societies. f..nnd it ..ut year- :\^n, and they have ab.iut -i\t>- e..-
opcrative i)rganizati..n- in different parts ,if Ontari...
IS
I 'I -liMiv li.ivv !■■. ..|.i-r,i!i..n net- in tin- ;ii>|Alt'Kriiwiii« hiivinc**. let
UN' I ; II., to til,. ,.\|„ij, ■,,,,. ,,| .1 -..» I. t> Willi II- In a(li|iinrl,T> In .t town on
[..ilr (ini.iri.. It i. n.i ..n,. ,.| ihr larRc-t -.ii.tii'«. !uit it
What h.i- .ili.iii !IXI ii;,nil„r- It i- iTLMiii/i-d ;i» a i.,i,ii v|,,i-k
Thry Do. r. ,;i.i,,,iiv. uiili <= li'l ii. |ihl , -h.iro- The .|ii;mtilv .if
I . lli.ir an> inniili. r <mii ih-ii,,-,. of tlir.uinli llio •..loicty
'''T'li'l- "11 ill' iinml.. r .i! hi- -har.-> I'..r c.uli vharc. lu' i-aii -end !i)0
''"■f'-l- "I .ii'i'l. - h Ur h,,- -i.l,-rril)<-(l $.^(1 (£10 X<,) t. war>U the rapi-
i.il. In t,lklll^; |. M -h.ii, - ilu I.. 111]. any will li.iii.llc 1 .(HH> barrels for him.
\ tii.iiiauir I- .iii|H.ini, .1: a l.irr i- hired in the town; the apple- are
• •ille.li.l iri.iii Ih,- iri, nil,, r- ..rrhard. .ind -hipped .away to -oiiie cttn-
•ni--i.,ii irin, •. ,n,rill> in l.n erp. ,. .1. \l.iiuhe-ler cr Gla-Row: and the
111. .my Ihi\ I. t< h i- p,i--<i| .,n t.. the ..wner
"I' I -■■11 !•• .1 d..iKr," ,1 in. inlii r ..t tlii- -..eiety -aiil l.i inc. "I Ret
^' '-•- -'I ' ■' I'lri. I .ill r, ni;rl * In ta,-t. till we formed ..iir -ocicty. it
"■'- liard t.. L..I .1- nuul, .i- ih,, •ri,r..ii-l, the -oriely. I have h.-en
■■■'■•'»'^ lr,.iii .<! ^n ((,. .i,| , !,, .Sj:«i , in. 5,| , ;, |,.,rr<.i, a,e..rdin>; to
A Di-liKht to the Srnscs.
■ in..lil\. and n..w lli.it pn, e- ..i,- K'"d i .iin .xpecting from $2.50 to
J.' .-II I In, -,i 1., 1)- ,,! , \ f, ^^. m-.h. ;h,,, eortain varii-tie- were
hiiriiiim #.!io < \-- ■ i r,.,ii i! , ., ,.|i,-,.,, .,| ,-,.i,i-i.. y..ii have t., deduct
.>.^ ..Ill- I I- .= '...il I I. r ih,' n.irr-I. ;,li,.nt t.n cut- (^i\ ) !.,r piekiiiR. 15
,ept- iT'.j.! 1 I. r p.ieki-ii;. .iiid 10 .■,ni- i .M i f,,r ..ihcr expenses, iiiak-
iiiLT .1 1-1. il .U.liuii..n .,t To .-. ni- ij- lid), \\\- are Ri-ttinR barreK
>li'M" r. 1"". "'■ ii-< d to piv .!,s ..1 4ti e.-nl- i 1- ,",] t.. 1-. ,S,l ); now, as
1 -.ii.!, i!h > ,11,. .?: , lit-;' Till- -..ei.-iy ha- in on,- ye.ir -..ld lO.(KK) har-
r*!- ■ 1 .iliph- i.'i It- nn mil. r- -ainl t.r -.■me .ait-ider-, who pay the
-■leiciv .- p.T ei'iil e..tr,nii--ion.
i.et ine put in \\ri-r il;,. n.i '•naneial r,--iilt- ..I ..rehard- .iwned by
nuinlHr- ,.|" th, \,,r'",.ll, l'..uiit> l-'nnt (■,r..wer-" A--oeiati. m Xorfidk
I- in thr l..ike l-ri,- ,!i-iri.|. bill tin- i".i;ur. - are fairly applie.ililc to the
ili-tiict ,-p,,i.,lIv iind.i r,\i,-u-. Hire are tlu- reeeipt- ..f .in orchard-
'.'■•!. >* i... I ..i-i li ■■■-(■:-■ i..o 1 . i- .f .ippie- tr. .m . iKiit acre-: —
•ri'.ic JO. ..1 ...M:-., ll'..i.,,..tn.ns in tlic ni;iikft po, . i.f .i|.pl, - as in the case
..1 .ill p, ;,,... It niil 1., „,;,!, i-it,„a II. .,t rn.-. - .,,,.,.,,1 li-i.-. ami in other instances
in th, -,inu W.1V. .lo- tli,.-e ruling at Ihi' limc Hie Jala umJ m the ;>icpar»tion of thi»
pamphlet were obtained.
16
:^v,:^^-
«7 harrpK ..f V,, I ;i|,|,|, - .,i $7 !() ()». 0,» ■>
in liirrcl- ..f V,. 2.iiM'l''- .-It S'lKi ' IJ- '-.' \
MO l,,,rrr|. . .f \,.. .1 .,|,|,!,.- ,-,t J.V.^ Ml- {•.! )
51 b.'irrrN .f V., 4 ipptp, ,,t $.',(,; , f) ij.i )
liirril. .if V- 5 ji.i.tr- ,it S.'iKt . S. 4,' \
1 li.'X Sli..«- .ipplr-
2 I...X.-. r.-f!,.r> .
51.1 (»)
IMr. «<)
M'iS5
ISiK)
|«)
fill
$J4S')')i; , i';t«i
Tim 04S iMrr.I- ,,.-1 S'.^^VS , fst i ,ii..| -..r,viiiLr m .'m ,1 «'"I1'.
<£'>■> ;i CMinnr.-i..!! ..f ^1 mitv dii,! 1 .■, !,;irfl w;i- pii.' f..r iji.- I.- ..f
•"^S ti.irr, '- .iml lli.- pr .T.t r"'-ci\i-,! dv ttir iT..«rr «m
f4q per <Is'OnM , .il„ ,,., f.l Jo, , - f l.i .••::,,,■ I'r. ..ti (!■• ., . .f ,-. ^iir-.-
Acr* Profit. I,ili..iir li.i- t.. ]>,- p.ii,! Imt irr>\\.-r- wli.. ii;.liiilr I.il...iir in
(''••ir :u-r..nnt ..f r\ p-p.'i'i.n' i!.. I'.i pitf ii it i \ ft \ 'iii;li
hH\:rr Tlir liiflir-t i- «^S i;i!...Mt f i mi :i pt. ..111. Ill II i.t '-"> liirrcl-
In ttlK .■|i-Ci'!!llf.
till- 'i>r.i\ It
■rl,,I !>,
I- lliv'i
£1.<). Yft thf ;i|.i<1f^. -rllintr it fr.-M $2 t- $< 'it ., Intrrl linuiirlit in ,i
net profit I if ^074 <£2n}\
Kruiii .( litllo iir<li;ir.| ..f ..jic ;iiTi- ;iiti' .i Ii ilf, t],,. ,,..».,,,.t j,, i(>^)
si.1'1 22l'> hnrrt-N ..f aripl.-- .iinl iii:m1.- ,i pr.''! .f <5 '" il'li:?! Iii \nt\t,
llii^ orrh.ird. Ii.TvinR hivii ;i!I. nvi-(! t,. rm. ,l,,wti ..nlv pirn'M,, ,| f>\ t.;ir
rrl-: l.tit hv pn.ppr c.nrf .■iiii! i-ii1ii\ iii.iti ih ■ virtd w.h tin .iil.'1ii ii|< t.. ]i*1
li:irr.-K in lOdS .n,t,l ^^n tmrr.-!- it. I'VlO Vottiit.L' i- rtit .|..wn in flii-
.ironnnt for l.ilioiir ^wl'i,h pr. h.Mv nii-.iti- tli.it tin- .ovtiiT .!i.| l!i.-
work hiiii'-clf
An..t!i,T in.in rrport- .i pr-'it ..f fSO ,,,, 2i^2 !..iir.I- iii.,-,1 ft,.ti;
throe nrre^: .Ttiofli.-r. i]7'1 .iti -((>1 l.rirri'I- r li-. i! fr.-ni four .hti--- :m.! -o
on. the ri'-ii!t~ (liff.riii.,- uifli \ ir\ iru ,ir.-i!ii!-'.ii!i .>- -\ . t i. !.iri.'i'Iv .ir
i-orilinp to tltp nee "f flif tree-
Thi- rfL'ion .nflinir.iMv -nit- t'n- wini i ii.pl,'-. \vl)i, I: V:c, p wrll .ml
tlicri'fi.rr ilo ti.it li.iv.- I.. I... lliro;vii ..t; >!!,■ ni.irk.'t. r«-c:ir.I
Favourite !<■-- ,.f piicf. wli.-tli,-r th,.rr i- :< ,!,..,rt]i ..r .i L'litt of fruit
Sorts. On.infiti,..; ,,f tin' "fj!!" ..r nntninn ripple- nrc -till L'rown.
.Tiul tli..ii['ti th'v :\r,- r,.tni.:iri'i\ .-Iv po..r Ic.-p'T-. n; mv
ur.iwr- -pi-nk mo-f liiuhlv ,,f tli.ni :i- nii.ti-\ i;. tt.t-: 1>if tl>.. !..t;i.'
keopine wiiitir vnrirti,'- .nrr -.. -nrc.-^fnl in t!ii- lril..-i,l,.. (!i-tri.t ?Ii i'
expert- .irlvi^p thi-ir (-n!ti\ Ti, .i. in pr.'',r.-f.-.. t.. otlvr ^.rt- How
well fllf-.. -ijiplrv k,, p i- „.,t -,. wi.lilv 1.1I..VV.; ., - it -InnM lir !f tin-
.-ipplcs .Tro pi.-ki-rl in vr,,,,,] ,-, .f.liti,,,, nn.l ini;n.-.li i'. ! . i.nt inf.i t-..!'!
'tor.Tj;?. Iliov- .Mil In- fikm out in tt,,. f, .1!, .«if... \ptil .m.) t'.,iit;,! :,- rri-p
.ind jniry .t- r\.T. Tn f.ii-f. .it th.- • rd ,.f n,t,.li.r. 1 li.iv .-.it.-n in
I'ncl.nnd :ippl,-v t1i.it w.t,- pi,-|,rd in r.nn.Td.i tin r,- t1;.,n ri v.-;ir l...f..rr'
The winter .Tppli-- incliid.' tin- N. 'tln-m Spv. tli,. Kint... tin- H.ild
win. the Ren n.ivi^. tin- CnwinL- .ind tin kii--.t DilT.r.iit v-r.iw.r^
h.ivp difT,r.-tit f.ivoiirile-. :ind (virli viiri.'tv l-ri- -. .m.-iliint;
The Spy to he -nid f-r it Tin- ?pv iv a nnii-nii'irrnt fruit Tin- tr.'r
i- .-ib..nt >']ft.>en v -.ir- .1.1 I.rf.,r.' if vi'-ld^ n j.r. .•it.ihl,- .-rop.
.Ttid it demand': thorough riiltiv.itii m ; Init tln-n it lia- a vii;.ir..n- r..tt-
^titntion. it f)1o.i<om- late, .md tlii' fruit -i,-. ,! n,.t I,.. ..i.-t-;-''! till I.!'-- in
tlie year Thi^ .apple lia- a rath.-r d,-1i, ,it.- -I.in. .,nd ha- to 1„. carefully
p.ai-ked to avoid brni-iin.'. -.. i* i- n..! a- c. iiinionh' -.en in I'nj;!.ind a-
it -hoiild he: hnt I ha\e .-C'lral times -ent h.irn.K ..f it t.. f'i.nd- in ili-
f^ld Coiintr>. .iiid it alway .irri\.'.l wiih.iiit injiir\ .in.1 a-!..ni-h.'il the
folk there hy it., delicious fraRrant rii-hne--.
17
• *wm
Thr K.HK ap,,lr\ full „„ne i. KinR uf T..mpl<in> C.unty. Thi, i.
n..r the n„l.v <■.,.,■ ,,f ,\,^,„,s Unuu I^.^rnp,! .athfr lliin incren*-,! hv
tl.r .„M„i,,„ .,f ,,tl,., Tho Ki.,« i, ,,„itr „f r.,v..I rank
The King. ■'""""■' '''''''"■ '"" " ''*''^ "!■ '" •'- ""nf l.y („„,k r..t!i.T
-r:n,-,- \, .,„ .,n„i.-.l r.,.ni..|,.wi>l ..f 111,. n„|;,ri,, Onvcrn-
iM...t.;u- ■••».. .tro.i„,t.,fi,. ..xcrll,.nt,|MaliH f,,rc.,,,kiM»;
IN ,>rr„|,,,K r,. I, r,r..n,.,.„ ll.wmr. it- l>,..,„>if„l a,.,.,-ara..<-.. an.l larff.
-./., tin- .,,.,,1, ,, t.aipK ,!„. l,i,.|,,., ,,,,,, ,„ „,, ^,r..a, a,>,.Ir market-
..f .h- w,.rl, I nf„r,„n.„..|v tl,,- ,r... ,- ., , r l.enrcr. an.l r,.n.r.,u..nt
ly n„|,r. .,t;,l,l. ,,, ,„ ,,rrl,;,r,| v.,r„..v. nnl „„|..r ex.-rpti.,n:,l ■•irrnn.
st.n.>,- I.,,, ^.,r,,i,.,| ,„, T..|n..,n Sw, ,t, it i, -.,i,l t„ |,c tnore pr.H|,„-,iv,-.
'■or JL.tiir „-.■ It i- rx.rllr.l l,y n.. .,||„.r ;,pp|,. "
_. ''*'"■ "■•i''l»'" ,- v,.,\ ,„,p„l;,r nn.l pr..lital.lr. a- ii ,.x
itie r"Tt-«,.|!, .„„!,- x,r> pr,.Iir,.-. A fnll Rn.wn tror viH.N an
Baldwm. ,,.. r;,...,. ,.f .i^.l,, |,,,rr,l- ,,f .,,ple.. at any rate, every .e-
... /.'"'"' ■•■•' ■'■" " I''- - •■•"I" a. well .,, it, ■•,,„•• v.ar
hki- III. .-I ,,f It, .■.,inpi>til..r-
''''"■ '■'•" "•'^'- "'i^''" ••'■ '■'"■■I tl„. .,pp|,. ,,, .M.r,.r,l, ,l„.,e i- .0
Ml- I. .■,,n.r,,v,r-. I.,.,«,.m it- ,l,lr,u-.,„- aii,| it- .l..f..,i,l,.r- The fart
_.. '■ "'■ "'•" ''•'^i-i-""tav,Tv lii^li ,|,,.-.,pple. It .-an,,,. I
' „ . '" ' '"■'' '" ''" -'"" '"•-■.ith a. the Spv n„t then the
BenDav.s. „,,■ 1. ,„„.,.iimi,..i,K l,,,r,lv. it e,.ine- int., I„^•,ri„^; at the
, . , , '■■"■'^' ■■"■■'■ "f "^<' '"■■"■'■ •i"'l It pr.i,Ii.,-e- ureal cn.n- ,„■ fruit
whieh k,-,-p ,.,,-iU n...!,l lhr,..i^.|i ||„. winlrr. "IVM.r a. it i<." .av. one
irr .« ,r. -,1 ■,.,,. |„..„.r i!,,„i a„v ^,U:„ i-. if y..n take advanlace of it,
keepui,, ,|„,li,v I, „ f,,IU , „ j, i„ „„. f ,„ ^^,,^„ „^_. ^^.^^, .,^ .^
^tnrke.l ,v,lh ap,,!. - ih;,, !,,,.. 1,, h„ ,,,,,1 ,,,,,,„,,. „„,,, „,,,„.,. ^,.,.p ,^^
e,.iir-r, p,.,,„|,. ,!,„, , „.,„, i, ,,|„,„ ,,„,^. ,„,„ ^,., „,n,p,,,in^, ,,^„^^ j,^,,
ter k.,p ,1 1,1 ,|,,n. ,ill ,,,ri„e, when the ari,|,,eratir varieties are -.1,1
'■■'"' '■;'"'■ ""' '"■ '"•" ""« <'•'• Hen Davi. i. .nnppe.l up T m,1,|
-.."■■ .1, I rl,r„.,rv .-in.! ,„ily «,.| TO ..,.,1,- , .', ,,,1 ) a harr,! It wa-„'t
«•■ r,h uhil.. „.i„!;„i, il,,,„ „. ,„,H.,M. .,, T „,ve awav a l,,t P.i,t I kept
-..in,, nil tl„. ,1,1, , I w,.rl, in \pril. an, I lli,-, ae'iiallv fetrhe.I $4--- (IT-
M.) ., harrel "
''"'"■ ''"•'■'■"in^ i- <•>'.- .■fl!H.r„ie.te.„,kini;.ip,, I,., !,„,,„.„
""*•" ''"•' ■■ '" '•■' '^'i' "f !-.n.- n.v,„ir_an,l a, it ,|,,e, p„t pr„
Brown. f..,. „, |„. , , ,-,,r , ,,.,„,.„ ,„,,,,. ;,, ^^^,,,, ^^.^_ ^1^^^^ ^^^^^
k.-,i, p,.. .,,!,. ,,■,„„ hnvitiLT it Tl,,- vi. 1,1 i- hiul.; ,,„,. ,rpo
^il""" .' hnn.I.-.,! x.ar- .,1,1, ',.,- ,,r, mI,„-, ,1 n^itv l.:,rr,-1- ,.f appl..- in a
^inL'le -,.,,-,,„ Tl„. Kii-.et i< an,.lh,T ,.r. .,l,„-,ive varirtv, an,l i, ,a„„-,!
e-alinir. I,n, ih.r,. i- a pn.in,li.-e .^ ,in-l it- hr,,u-,i -V-i,, i,i „,„„ ,,„nrter =
If I,-...., vv.Il in !.,.ii,!..ri." -av, an ,-xp,,rter -hiit r,!a<w..w u-.^n't l,.„k
at it S..II1,. p,,,pl,. ■■,.;„ will, il„.ir ,ye,- a= an.,lher fniit man put.
" ^''""■' "■"■yul„r,. a u I l,„,ki„^ re.l .Hnne.l apple i. preferre.l
t- ■■lie with an nnattraetive app.aranee. if the in = ide i< equally pnoH,
"U thire any clanger." F ran imaeine some r< .ulers n-^k
Danger i„i,-.-'M,iv ,l.-,„c-er ,.f an ,,ver-M,pply. with .„ nianv new
of Oyer- ,.rehar.l, -priimini: np'-" That i. alwav^ a .mention that
Supply. ha- I,, he h,,ne-lly faced when it i. proposed f„ increase
the pr,.dneti,.n .,f any article. In thi- ea«e there eannct he
any he.itati,.,i .•i!>,„i, th,- an-wer There i- n,, danger whatever nf an
over Mipplv ,,f ..,.,„,d appl,.,. i„ any fntnre that i< near enongh to bt
reckoned with A. ,„„. apple man ..h-rve.. "There ha. been an nver-
'"•";'"""" '" ' ■■ "■>'"■ *"" 'I'Te never wa, ..,:■] never will he an over-
production of L'o.'d fruit "
Another leading anth-rity. Mr A W. Peart, of Bnrlington <nv.-
.A better -y.tem ,.f di,trihnti,>n. the increase of popnlation in onr towns
,in<1 nties and the advancing tide nf immigration toward? our North-
18
<.. %A,
' Still Waters " at Stirling
wcM. ,-,rc creritiiiK a !ein;iiul i,,r <,iir triiit-, l)..th ficvli and cannfd. the
pcti-ntialitic^ c.f wliich are pr.utically a~ iiiiliiiiitcd as the
Apples va-t areas of virKiii ~i'il that are still iinpn.plcd "
Always 'Vh" ir.t.I» u ••■■■ -Pv -,■,' i -n.-i ; " i ••
- - .1,.,... 1 i.> „i.i; j,_r-M:i:i.;!i.v iij-piilar. .Many
i'opular. artul.., , ' f,„,d -atiate the appetite ii ,at.ii regularly day
after day. Tlie apple i< not one ..f th<in It i- like bread;
people do not fire of it. It is a food that iv also a tiie.licinc
"An apple a day
K eps the doctor away."
i 19
Tlierc i- a prcat rlcal ..f truth nt the hi.ttom of that old rhynif. Fruit
of this kind i<i bfinp more and more recojtni/cd as ahnnt the most cflFec
tive and valnahle article of diet for keeping the body in henltn.
Wlure the apple is ea-ily grown, or easily obtained, there is al
ready an mormons demniid for it: and there is every sign that the de-
mand will increase a^ f;i«t as the snjiply, perhaps fa-ter, even under
present conditions .And the conditions can be preatly improved. A
va-it i|nantity of the apples now >;ren in the shops are very imattractive
in appearance and poor in tn-tc. T.von if the total (i"antity sent to
market did not increase, if tlic ipiality improved, ther'' wonld be a very
large increase in the amount cf money the growers would receive It
may be said that the jio. t people can only afford poor apples; but there
are vast numbers of people who wr>uld not object to payinir a little
more if they could cet a belter article, as well as a hirge number who
are perfectly willing ti> p.iy l^rst class prices for first-cIass apples.
There i>; no reason, m.ireover. why first-class apples should not be
put within the rcich of the ninllitude, nt prices considerably lower than
they arc ni>w charged by retailers, .md without reducinp the amount
that tmds its way to the growers. Mott of the orchardmen can in
crease their production per acre, as well as raise the fruit to a higher
standard of (|uality. by improving their stock and their methods of ru\^
tivation Py the more general adoption of co-operation, and by its ex-
tension to more branches of the trade, they can get a higher proportion
of the siini which the con>;umer pays.
To say that the apple-growing business is ".mly in its infancy" may
provoke the retort. ".\ gor.d siyed infant, surely." \ vt it i'^ true When
the apple-growers have acquired all the technical know-
Apple- li'du,. (l,,it i- alrc.idy to hr had for the asking, when they
Growing in I'.nc ,ill ,-id..ptcd the ino-t profitable methods of producing
its Infancy, .ind niarkriiut; fhe fritif. when they have perfected their
or'-:ani7atii 'U and developed Cinnection^; with all parts of
the World th;it c:iti jic^-ilily be got to buy. they will lo,,k back with a
-mile on thcs, early years nf tlie twentieth cc ntnry and <riy. ".\h. yes.
apple growing wa- only in it- infaiu-y then"
If anv^aie di'iihl^ th.il OnLari..'- .apiilr output could be vastly in-
cre.i-e.l. let |,j.,; read a rein.ark.ahle -t.atement bv the iTc-ident of the
rro\iiicial Fruit (".rower-' .\--. .ei.ation. ?en. 1''. D. Smith.
What can 'l'!; la- are in f^nt.iri'. he -.ly-, ali' 'Ut 7,000.000 apple trees
be Done. in hearing At an extremely mevdest e-timate. they should
pr. iiluce cverv year at lea'^t one barrel per free, or 7,000.-
I""M1 l>atr<-!- of fr-t and -ecitd urade apples i\',,. 1 and N'o 2. a- they
are c.allecll in ailditi'.ti to (he -mailer and poorer ajiples. Tn-tead of
that, lliev i>r.iliah1v vield n .1 more than ,1.!:00,n<T0 barrel- of \o. 1 and
\o 3 Thi- i>"or .average, he pi.int- lUit. is '^imply due to the fungus
and tile eoillinv: nii.th: ami both of the^e pe^t- can be absobitely con-
trolleil veti in the wm-t -ection of the cenintry "We must start at
the ! nini.' ,,titl eiif..rce the proilnction of onlv good fruit. With
thor.iiigh -iir.i\inL' we e.ati gr^w the fne-t Spvs in the world, and the
?l>v i-. taken .all round, fierhapv the mo-t valuable apple known — at
any rate in Ontario There is no conntrv that can beat us growing
Haldwin^. It -eein; t" me that in tlio-e (i.trt- of Ontario where these
apple- thrive .-i nati.'u.al -pecialty ought t.. be made of them. The or-
dinary fr-ii! gr.'wer or faniv^r or packer can -earcelv realise what might
be made out of the-e fruit- when iir..p,.rly L'r.'wn There i- no difTicul-
\y in getting ."<' cei.t- '2- ) per h.orel tnore for the well grown and
well cid. 'tired fruit th.in f' r that which p,is-es as the vanie grade, but
merely pas^-c^.
20
i!^^f;W:^^i
Onh.itH ^n K1oc.it
"A- >!i in-lar,-.' ,.t' tl'i- r.-Mi!l .if tlLT-UL'tP . -. I li ■ -,m-. ,k M i !.•-
.■I'l: ■|'wr,i,'l.-, ..f rr.:,.!;,,,,!. ,.;rcu ,.r.! ,.;n-kc<l ill...!! tvv.Iv,- :i,T,-. ,,f Sj.v
• ■rrl^ir,! ..Kr- .VJm. !..iir, 1- ..f j.:.!. - nl,,:. j., J,,,, l,,irrrls
266 Barrels p. r i.-r. ', il;.- ,.i.m! ni,,;..iiiy ..) .v'nr!, w,rf \,. 1. .md he
per Acre. wi- ..Mi...,,! t,, ;t,,,,,v ,,„, ,,.,( ,,, ,,- , ,|,..,, 4 |„.,, ,,,,,, ,,,■ ,||,.
'"'•'I ir. ,!l',-!l.,ll ..l' •}:, Uv,'~ ■■„ ,i,-,-. .11111 ..I ,-. .IIiiil; 111. .til,
«-li,T.-;i- 111 ..111,.,- ..r,.!,.,,,!, ,,,,. ,,, III.. Villi;!. I> -i'r:.\,-,'. .. \.r.Kr pr,.]...!
""" "•' ''" '■''"I'. ' ' -'""■■ iM-,>- ..11,. ihinl .1 !•. , v,-|. Ill w,-!l >],r.i\.',!
..rrl!.,v,|.. l.;,,! t.. I... tlir..iw: ,.'!! ,.i; ,-,,-,-, .iint .., t',. r.i\.,v'.-- ..t' llll- I.i'-t
I'"'-'' .ip;''' -. :il 111'' m..il,-t i.ii,-,. ,.1 ,S.5 I !J- 1..! > p..- hir:,'! i'..r -11,':
<-li, ifp -t.M-k, lir. .iiolit ;i trr. .-- n-'nrii ..1 <.v'IHI ,l'!i,.,, ,„.r arr,- tr. .111 l.in.!
'''•'' i- ""^ "^"rlh ?i'"i , I'jn p.^r .,,!.-. i-: !l;,. t..u-M-!iii. ,.f I'.iiihr. .. .)..
\vi;, r,. till > wcr,. t;r. .'vn
"i kii..u' .if 11.. kir.l ..f fnip ,t..\v|"- ., p v v, h, r.. in C.iii.nil.i tli.il
"in i.r..,li',-,. -!-,,!.■:■ ...iiin,-- tl..-.,, tl,,,, ,.x,-,.,,, i,, ,,.,-^- -p,.,-,;,] ,-;,.,., ;„
cli-'-'l I li.iv,. -.-..ii ,T..p- ,.f p!nin-, pi.u-ii,.- .,n,l lil,i,-kli,Trii- t.rins '■■■v.
-i.!..Tah!\ 11 -..r,. ,;,,.,..■ \. l,,|i ,t p ipp, ,,, .! p, !,.■ a !:app\ ,-. .iiilini,i:i. .n ..f a
In'..: ,-r,.p uiih l..,, pri,-,.. \,,u M,- T w,.,!.!:.-'- ,•,■., p u-.i- mi.|. .ul,t.-.|h
.■I h-.'y ,.11,. lint III, pri,. ,-an '..■ mnnta",.! iiiii, \.ar- .mt . .f Icn f..r
Sp>- ..f ihc yrail,. ami . ■ ilil\- ili,..,. wirc
" i Iht.' i- -. ar,-. I> aii> liiiiir p. th,. p. .. -ilii'itv . .> appl,. i;r..witii' in
<>■!!. Ili.. Th, r,' an- liiiii.lr,.!- ..f t!i. .ii-ainl- ,.{ a,-r..- ..f lln- .-l;, .i,.,.,i
.-ipnlo irr..uiri.' lar.I in th,' 'v..v|,l -till nii!- .inli.-.i ( )iir
Good Apples m.rk.t- a-.. ..vpainlinf ami -vil! , xp m.l 111, -r,- rapi.llv in
Always Hring lb.- fntnr. if w. pni up ..iiK a Inch ut.k!,. ,,f ap|il.-- \Vr
Good Prices, h.nr n.'M r lia,! a \,Mr win 1, a vct\ !!i^'h prnil? .,f npplp-
'h.-l n,.t LriPL.- ;i pv. .'"i ah!,- pri,,- in tl:,. Ilriti-li iinrk.-i
' '"I .."11 in;ii-k,t. ••llu- V. '.•■ I- .4r..wiiiv: r.ipi'llv rinfl will ah-.rf. rip.r
in. u- ■liiantiti' - ..f k.iu!: i^r.nl.. ..pj,!,.. Tli.-y ar,- willint; P. pay .'xli.,
pin,. I,.r a i;,.. ..1 yr.nl,' . t .'ippl, I".. .11 iln- riiitr.! Slat,-- niarki-t ..ul!
fr.ninntlv i.ikr l.irLT .piarnti,'- ..I hiaU i;r.i,!,- ai.pk -, .-p,-,-iaIlv ?pv-"
lliTf i- ri i.in.irk ililr ex. mil'!, .f wli,! , .,r. I. .!.,nr wit!i o-.a-ii .1
run d..wn .nini nf-iil,'! i,-,! :. Iia ,! I.y .,.!!-, I.!,, an-! rnr-rf.ti,' tn-nfni<T,t
mmmm^i'^^m'Si^A^j}^^-
Mr Nfax ?Tnitli. ..f niirlinKt^.n. Ontario, (jave the fart< at
A Bad a rrcctit nuriiiiL: nf tlio I-'riiit C.r'iwers' Association. Hr
Orchard -nid: "I Ini^;lll iii-t iii-.t:niic- one particular orchanl of furty
Made Good. .•i<r(- wliii-li li.iil ihmt hicti ^iirayod nor priinrd nor
|>!onplif(l n.ir l'iriili/<-.| in •vciiiy years, vn yon can all
'iKMrc out ahont llic -li;ii>f til,.! orchard w.i- in 1 got po-session of it
in Mardi. .and I -rut ah-ii! h\ imn Ihcrc to prutic it. and I put on ten
ponnds of '.(ron^; C'.innicni.d f, rtili/cr aroiind each tree, and I sprayed
it very •■'• ■ .r..nt;lily. ! pi. nylud ih." .rcl.ard .iTid tried to keep it cnlti
vated all -ea-...n, and 1 h.irve-led over 2.(KK) li.arrcd- ol he.uitiflll apple-
I I'.-nc kiiro':i that i^rehard f. t th. la-t luint\ yr.ir-. anil f..r the last
till \.;.r- |.aiiii\ilarl' . ,,nd llie 'I'l'li- i" tli.t .rcli.ird have been siniidy
rtilihi-li; in fact. ,i year au.. \ r,in~iil the orchard for the pickinc of it
Tin lir-t \i-,ir I contr.'lled the fnn'_'ti~, and ha\e -inct f.iiled to I'mil ;i
fiini;u~ ..f jn\ de-erii'li' ii in the orchard. I contndhd the c-Mlliiip
nioth iM the 1 \teni .,f .il.,,!!! ."^o ,„.r cmi . which 1 thoni;ht very pood
nndc r the circnni-t.ince- "
The proiii-, ,,( an ai'ide irch.ird can he nicr.'.i-ed n.it only l>y ^ro"-
iiiL; the he-t apple-. l)iit li\ p.ic':iiit: them in the he-t way There i-
\ery LTe.it r.i.iin f.ir iiiiprovenwi' ah'nu tlii- line, llmniih
Pack and ea-e- .if ilMunriyht di-ho!ie-t\ have In en reduced to a
Grade Well, -mall nnniher hy -trinyent law- "It woidd he an ideal
Condition in .apple pi. kini.;." .i- Mr, 1'. I"), .*-initli -.lys, "if
a nirrchant in l'.nj;l.ind .'r aii> di-la.nt pl.ie. c.nld he -ure when he
liMiiyht a parcel of ,a[iple- a- \o. 1, th.at they w.inhl come np to a civen
-tand.ird — a nniforni -t.ind.ird There wi.nld then he n.. ditlicnlty in
lie.diiit; .a i;.'.id m.arket f..r . \ i ry barrel nf .ippK- packed in Ont.irio,"
N'"-t "i tile apph - are pni int.' h.arrel-. c.'ntainini;
Apples in ali'.nt 14ll |i..niiil- each, or .^'2 hti-hcl-. It is now heiiiK
Boxes. felt tli.it re.dly 1:01. d fruit de-er\e- and repay- better treat-
ment .\ friend ..f min.' who ur.'W- the Sjiy. the Stark,
till' (Ireeniiiy and the I'en Oavi-. n.ov jnit- ,dl exeejit the Beti Davi-
inl'. li.iM -, " \ b.i\ 1- tile iliii:,:." h.- -a>- " \ li..\ inea-nrini; JO \ 11
t iSSSBPcBI
-,■4^' ^ " "" , p S te*.-<.
it
In Shady Pastures.
97
Jli^-i! •
Nearly
Double
Price.
by 10 inches (in-idr^ contains a bushel. ..r 4("> pounds In
I'^W r c..t $>W (8<.) a N..X. a.,.1 Iho apple, were n..f the
be-t; ill I'JKi. [ i ,[ Uttl,. dilVu-ultv m j,-,ttinK $-'5<t i lOO
an<l $,M10 M.'. » a box. The appK> are pr,.tect.,l by ^lieet-
c'f crniRate;! papc, lininj? the bnx aii.l it j, beitrr Mill it
. .ii-h apple i, wrapped in pa|.-r. I'or fruit in b..v,~ I ;, t ne.irly d-iible
uhat I wa. ^'ettinp: for the -aiDc fruit in barr.I, "
The Tnited KitiKiIoni -eor - likely f.. remain bv far the lary.-M .ml
-irle purchaser for (^ntari.. ., pies, h j., inde.-d, a tnamiilicnt iii.irkel
Rut the home demand i- very l.iri;e .lU.. Thi- i- ii.,i id,-
The Export .-.iM. with ev .ry product ..f r'- Can.nli.m farm C'liee,, i.
and Home a notabb- e«catr;;de. !t i- b. .„. ni.aii- a univer-al .irtieb
Markets. ..f ,liot ,,, r.inada .\ m r> ^rr.it pr..porti..„ ..f the ..iilpnl
of C.in.uli.in olie.-^e factories -;, „ - i,, th,. ( )|,1 ("..nntrv It
i-.|Uile otherwi-e with apple-, which .ire a- i.,.piil.ir .,t h,„ne ;,- :il,r,,,,il
■I'h.-y are not only eat.'u .at me.iK It i- a ciniii,.,, pr.ietiee in ni:,!u
Canadian home- of my ac(|uaintaiu-e to I,mv,- ,i 1n-k,t ,.r ..In, ..1 ,ii,|.l,'-
on the -i.leboard where all or -undry can help thrm-elve- ;,i .,,u time
■ ■f the day: and when [ have been eallinc . .11 m\ friend- I !i,,v, m.,re
often been offered ;o' apple than a ei^ar or ei^ar. tte. ami much more
ofen. 1 am tflail to - .v. than a gla«- of whi-ky.
The ri-e of population i,, the We-terii I'r^ sine.- help- the fruit
k'rower- directly as well a- indireetly. Tl,,- pr.iiric ^;r..\v-
Western train, ..nd ^.raiii of the hinhe-t .pi.ditv kn.ov:, in il,,. w^rld:
Demand. but it doe- ,„,t Rr..w th.- hir-er frml-. and .ie,ordini;ly it
want- a larjre -upply oi .i,,,,l,-, fr,,m -u.di ,!i-ni>t- a- r.im
now describinp.
The .idvantaKe of b.iiii; able ;,. i:row Irmt th.,1 will "Ke.p- f, ,r
Ill-nth- i- plain enouj;!]. The advaiilai;e 1- en. 'rm..!i-lv iii.rea-e.I 11 the
fruit can be kept f..r yiar-: and that .i.U .rii.ive i- 11. .w p..-
"^^^ -.--eil by th.- Oiit.-iri.. orelianliren. in ilir -Iiape ..f 'cin^
Cvnneries. m-rie- " The ea':m-r> wive- them ..lh.-r adv.nitaL:,-. t... .. It
buy- 11. ,t only t',e hii;lie-t el,i-- t'riiit- it the fr-.w.-r l'..r any
n,-i-..n d,.e- 11. t w.int t., put it <.ii th,- m.ir'^et fr,--h--but tlie -ee..n,|
.la-- .-iiipl,-- -it wliieh the fre-h fruit buy.-r nii'.;lil turn up hi- in-c It
Haying Time.
23
'14
>l..f^ not mntter what an applcN skin look- like, if the .skin is jjoing t.
Ill- taken off and ilii- fli,h cut up and packed in a tin.
1 kn..u- there i- -till a prei;idicc ^iirvivins "i ."otne folk's mind
.it;.iiii-t .atini; ranned i' 1; |,iit the preii-dice is dyins ont and in th
e.-i-e I if the Canadian eannerie- <.f my ac^iiiainlance thcri
Canned i- eert.-iinlv n.. ;;rnnnd f.ir it~ ^trvival. .As a matter <•
Food. f.u-t, there i- .i! K'.i-i .a- tnneh ri-k in eatinc; "fre-li" frni
and \ rtetalde-. which h.ive neee--arily pa~>.ed thrctie'
rn.-my hand- I., f..r. tliev r.'aeh v,.nr lip-, a- in eatint: food which ha
Tiever lirrii l-iu hrd -ince it w.i- taken dirr.-t Ir-in the f.irnier's cart a
the e.ann.rv .h.or ,in.l )..ul rd ilari;.dy liy m.!chinery) in a clean tin. I
!- a -...id thin- th.it llii- i- -, .. i..,- ,ani:ed i',.od i- Tiot ..idy a bonn to th^
P". r. bnt 1 iie.-e--il\ f. u .d! cla--.'- in ni.any l.md-. e-pecially in tropi
III and -end tr..pie.d cnntiie-, where the fre-h fond desired by whit.
I'dk i- either h.ird t.. keep ..r impossible to t;et at all. and in new
eonnlT-i. - wliere th, p,,.ph- .,re -,, tliinly -caMer.-d that few can expcr-
to ha\e a -]i,,p within <-.i-y reach. In the n,-wlv -elllei
Canned we-t oT raii:!il.i it-elf. for ex.nnide. enorme.n- ciiiantities o
Apples in ,;!iined t. ,.d- ,m.- n-ed I'.x.mi in the Old Conntry there i-
the Old now :i l.-irtre ilem.and for canned eo.'ds fre.m over the sea, !
Country. know hon-eho]d- where the apple pies are always fdlee
from the ^'n tins of delici..n- Ontario .ipph- which vol
can hny in I.onilon shm r U Id ..r 1-. .?,] (The gallon tin con
tains ahom 7 ponnils ■) In ipiality. the pi,' i- la^rt.iiidy as ijood as if it
had been made fr.iiii ajiple- bought at a fruiterer'- or from a street stall
which w..nld co-t perhaps at least 4c, <2i] 1 and pr.diahly fie, t.V! ) or 8c
(4d 1 a |>onnd before p,, lin- .mrl coring \'ll the tronble of that pro
CC-- i- -avid, •;>} -•> is all the w.i-tr,
1 nia\ add tliat l.irne c;n;intitie- .li ftuil are "ev.aporateil" and sold
a- dried a])i)le-. .and thai con-ider.dile .pMiiliti. - al-o are used to make
cider, which is tnrned into vinetr.ir — excellent vinegar it is, too.
The for< i;n m.irket- ar<' the be-l c\istomers Canada
•"Chop" for h.i- for the produce ..f the evap. ^rator-. The very peel
the Foreign inu- and c-re- of the apide- .ar< dried and s,,ld in th(
Trade. form of pnip •■r "chop." for nse in making cheap jam
Million- of ",t!ll-" — apples too 'mall to peel, being les-
tlian two inches in ili.inieter- -are treated in the same way. They are
-liceii np and dried .and -hipped over to F.nrope More of this "chop"
is laiuled at Havre than at any other port, and it is believed to be used
for eider, the favourite drink in Xormandy and Rrittany. A hundred
P'und m,i-s ,,f dried "chop" repre-ent- about sixteen bushels of apples
from which the moisture h,as been ev.apor.ited. The French cider
i":do ' - hi\e no difficulty in rest^rini.; the moisture and swelling the
mass to its ..rieinal -i?e and weitrht l)y sjmplv adding the required
",,ioinit of water.
24
f
IS going t. I
i
)lk's mind J
.Tiul in th 1
.IIU-C tllLTi {
matter i>
Ti'-li" fnij' I
'li thrnii;! I
which ha |
cr's cart a ^
;an tin. I-
)onn to th
ly in tropi
il liy whiti ;
I'l in new '
"■.in oxpcc •
viv vctlle. !
latitities c
ry there i-
r the sea. !
ivays fillei'
whicli Vdi
n tin con
lod a"; if i'
•trcct stall .
,^(! ) or 8c
' tliat pro
and soli!
d to niakr
oo.
s Canada
very peel
old in tht
heap jam
beinp le'^^
They are
li'i "chop"
;o be used
hundred
of applet
ich cider
elling thi-
! reqniroil
CHAPTKR FII.
OTHER CROPS BESIDES APPLES.
I'.v.n iti t!ii> i.cr.ili.irly faviT,.! :)\,y]r r.'i..i,,i, , n ll;r -h-rc of I.ake
< >i;'."-io ilurc ::rc iiimniu-r.ihlc fartii- \vh re> fru'l fr..niinr jv a mere-
'■-iilo i--n.-." or i v i ti tuuh-rtnl .dt, ,i;otluT
It K,.n]i] he f,.r li-l, to ~;,y th:,t tv.,M,i-.' •• di-trul ,i~ .-i whol,- j. well
■■'Iti'd for .-I].;,!,' •.••■••^wuiz th.-refort -A'r'.A, orrhaid^ ~li,.iild cov.t every
;iri-r of vrouml Tin- ch.ir.utrr of ih,. -oil .nid flu- "l;'.v of
"Mixed the I.ind" ii-.iy \-ary unatly in Me diffi-reiii firl- ..f one
Earminfe .li-triet (•\en in di'Tireiit p.irt- .^f ilie -un.- f.irin If a
Contmue,. iii.m utow- .:p|.le- .it all. even o,, ,i -ii;i;le acre or h.df :uTr.
let liini iMow tliem in ''-e \ erv lM--r \v:,\ Hut it i^ i|uitr
po-mI)!o th.:t hi- firm .'- a whole ?n- periiliiritie- which ''.t if ntorr
lor ^oiii|. ,.ther Kind of f.ii mini;. That. I on afr.iid. i- not the rei-on
leln VI II ^ee -o ninch "t'eneral f:innii!i:." r.r " iiiixi d farniii'.i-'." in ihi-
rc^ior 'I'hc Iriie espl.oi :ition. .i- ;. rule, i- th !( the farmer- in nne-tion
.ire -iniplv fcdl. uiinj oI,l ir.,di!i..n- -.loin- .i- llwir fatln-r- did before
ihetiv-withont -eri..ii-h con-iderini; wheth.r .i cliani;e woidd not be
.idw-.ihle Still let n- ricop-iii/e the f.ut ih.tt a i;reat de.il of enerijv
i- -till di'Noted. and in -oine ca-e- .nii'e wi elv ,ind prol'tiMv de\..ted.
to ,,ther br.mehe- of farm work th.oi .iinde K'rowitii: in the apple
di-!riet
Tt ni.iy .il-o l... -,,j,| th ,t even if ;, n,.,,) i- ,i -lu'ci.ili-t in a-.iile >:r..w
i"^. it doe- II. >t folh.w tli.il he -hoi;!,l ,!,. iMtliinic wi!>> lii- Ion! Imo
crow .ipple- o,i if [ know frnit -p.Tiali-t- fliaf hoM ver\
Fruit and -troi;-K ilmt thi- exeln-ive i.oliey i- .i mi-f.ike -not «o
Live Stock, mneh h.e.in-e it i- " pnttinc ill vour eu^t- in on,- iM-ket "
a- liee.ui-e ll;e fniit tree- thi-m-el', - neeil the m.intire tli.i*
i- -npi'lied by live -t.ek '• ThiTefore." -,|^ t!ie e f,.lk. "let iis coiil.ine
fruit iirowine with d.iir>inc" To be -nre :f eattl" .ire k.i't. a t;ood
'li-'i' "f ' "1 -pace hn- to »,,- i;i-,en n,, to tMowint; f 1 for them I^x
IH-rt- -:i\ that many Onf.irio farmer- -p. i:d far too niiich in binini^
eittle f....(l th.it il!e\ ciild more iiro'"it,ibl\ prow them-elve^ and thi-
cil'le food it-clf diin.md- maiitirc.
When hitih .■inlhoritie- differ, it i- tiot for me tn decide. It ■-eem-
rea-on;ible. however, that where there i- c iti-iderable vari'tv of -oil in
a di-tnet, 'he farm- or iiortio-.- , f farm- peculiarly tit for
Suggested h\<- loek and fo.Iiler ero,.. -h.iil,! t,e dexr.tcd -olclv t..
Division that pnr,„.-e -.nd the f- . .r porii,,n- of f.itm^ iieculiarly
of Labour, fit for frni- rowin d be devoted to fruit ^;^owil,,'
alone The . .ip.icit. i.'eniiit\' .if the ', nier- mav be
.ible to work out a co r .perative ic bv which on, -t of men can
de\o|e their whole tnn,. ,nid talent- to -p. ci di/inc in frnit .ir.d another
-et of men to •ipeciali'inu in live '^fook e\ -" if that involves an cxchan(?e
r.f land, e,r .oi exehant;c of the n-e of the land between them .Mre.olv,
.1- we -hail -ec in .'nother eh..i'»er. famier- are eettiiii.' into the h.ibit
of exchangintj work
Kv.'ii in an apple orek.od it-elf. .liirn'B tlie period that the tree- ar-
too yoiint; .mil -m.il! to need the whole ,.f th-' i,,i!. there i-
Piotits ro,,ni to i,.row a uood de d 'Ke between them Thi-. of
Before the conr-e. i- oi.lv i temp, ir.irv nie-.-nre: an<l th.e f.irnier wh •
Apples 1- reallv ihi. r'Miiierl t.i eel the nlnio-t profit tr.nn hi- .iinde
Come. tree- d,,e- not h.e-itale to de.ir ,iway all the " 'iller-," pro
titable a- thev in.iv be in their time, a- -oon as the apple
tree roots begin to come ir coinpi 'ition wi'h 'heir-
25
■Jy.;.;
A
To .how wl„,l ,•.■„, he ,h,no to ,„akc an orHuir.l |,roM;,hh- rvci hr-
fore the apple trees hepin t,, hear, ht nie ■n,..te the , xperir.ur , .| an
..if-i, .. ''''•''■' '■"•"i.-r a- i.neti hv him to the I'riiit Crower-'
Fillers. ,\--,,c-iati,,„. [„ 10(4 h- to,,k four acres whuh ha,| he. n
under rh.v.r ihe year hetor,-. aiul planted apple trees i„
rous f,,riy I,.,., ,,|,,r, „,,,, II,.,.,.. j,„,,,„|i„^, rherries. p!,„„s
p...r-. -,rr,u-hcrrirs. ra-,,h, ni,-. an. I „ h -...p ,|le a.hl.,1 p.aehr-
iMit they ar,. n,.t ree. .n, :,u n.h ,1 f.r the .liMrut we are n.^w .■.,„
-•crned w.th) lie estiniat,.- ,l,at (he h,.e on.ps w.re , no„^h to pav lor
the cist of enltivalion, 'I'h,. fruit gather,, I in f-„ir vrars l')(i(, ,,, pjiio
luelu-ive. hr..unht in J.VO.II ,£Mll> ^r..--. ..r <I,.V^l. i£AUl net ei-h after
p.-..v.ni: lor the trees an.l plant-. ,he ferldi.^er-. pieUn^;. pa.■ku,^^ freight
ami .■.imun-si,,ii
•Hie Maond erop ir,„n ,h,. -trauh.rrv h. d in thi- ..rrhar.j viehle.l
over L.IKillh .xes ir,.ni .in ler,- and a !;,!l". l.iinijinL; in ?NiKt I £166) srro-.
.am! Co. lint; ^i;;.: i,,,,,!,,^ £i,,, n,, ,,|,„j,., ,,,.,, j, j.^ ■„,,^„,^_
Straw- -ihh- t,, .av Ml !;,,«• f.,, ,|„. i,,,,,^, hie of the apple tree-
hemes atld may ha^.. h,-. n impair, d h^ ihi, proe.--: hur he ,l,.es ,„,t
Raspberries seii,, to have any mi-^ninu- in hi- ,,wn min.l, Whih-
Among s,„ne -ay ihal ra-id„rn, - had hell.r not he ^rowii in ;ir.
Apples. orehar.l. tlii- ^;ro«er ..h-,r\,- th.it -even ..hi Spy tree.;,
whieh yi.l.hd \2 harrel- ..f uoiniv appl.-- th.. yr.,r hef..r.-
lie pl.mt.d th.. r.i-pheni,. aim.ni; ih.ni, virhh.j .=(1 harr, 1- of ..nm.I
apid.s i„ IO(K). ..|f,,.,. |„.j„^, i„ eomp.iny «iih r..-ph.rrie- f-r live vear-.
whil.. t)i.. raspherri.'s i)i,.mselves \i,.h!ril ..\,r 6.rNV1 hox,'-. 'Phi- i-
'"'"■ '"■ -'""" "!' lii- .-Mi.ti,..,,-,.; ••! ha\. i, ai..! a .%o„m; ,,r. h.ard lo
111.- I.e.irinp p,,i,it with.aM ,.,,-iinL' aii.Mlnm^. .md h.av a h.ind.ome pr..
lit to its credit from th.- yr. iin.l ei,.p ,,f -,ii,dl fniil- •'
A R'.o.l deal i- il.iii.- in idiim~, ulii.h mal,. .apit.d " nlh-r- " in an
..rchar.I ..f -h.xv matiirinp apple li. e- like the Spy .mil s,,nie ..ih.'r-, I
have sehlorn t.i-t.'.j •■mr p.-.ir- than I found Krowinp on
Plums tl,,- lami of one ..f th.. m.,-i -n,-,-, --fnl ..pph men on this
and Pears, iionh -hore of I.,do dniari . i:,ir. I,i-ei,,ns. ev.iiiisitelv
Ihivoiir...!. Ih.- fruit -..-m- t.. in. It in Ihe month, whih- it
t;ive- th,. teeth a litth- iiiih! , niploMiirni I', ar-. h-.w.-v.r. are e.,in
Ii.arativ.dy im.-.Ti.ii., i„ ,„-,,■,■ \t ,.ii,. !,m,. th.-v hrin- in a hii;!! '"mire;
.at am.ther time. t!,,,n^.h .■■Miallv 1, i!... -.-.ar.-rK p.-.y the eo-| ,,f
-en.Iinn them t,, ni.,rk..| TIi.t,- i- ,., -,i.!i Moh-iit ' tlpetnati, ai in the
price ..f K"o.l .ipph'-.
Th.'ri- .ar.. -.mie •'>,„■ cherrv ..r.h.ir.U In t , ah. .iit -. .ind tli- ouii, i~
.ar.. i.vid..ntly -ali-'l,.d with tlieir p.,\i,.,; eai..,.it> S..m.. nun. t like
"ur f.i,.:d uil!; ilie mi-.-. 1! :r,o,i , ..r.hai.l ..ii..t.,l hef..r..|.
Cherries ,ir,. .l.iiiiu v.rx w> II ..iih -i i , « h,i i i, . ami ..tlu'r fruit,
and • whi.di thriv ,ii.ia,-iiiol> -a-, imh . d. th.v d.. in aim. .-I
Berries. ev.r\ p.-i:,ofth.. 1>. .minion <,, ,i wh. a i i, - .]. . n. .1 L;r..wa-
lari;e ii, ^\niada ,i - in th.- ( Hd r.iUnlr\. hut our- e,ann..t
iH.at th.-m in il.av.air \'.. .-otmtrv can h, n' .■ .-■ .um-iiia! than C.inada
for -m.ill fruit, -u.-li a- ra-i.h.'rric- and .nii.^nt-. v.hi.li in a -l.it.. of
natnr.. .an- c,.n-t,intlv -iirj.! i -iiit; ami d. Imh'ii;..,' th,. ii-,.\ .-Ih-r m -til!
iin.'iiitiv ated reijion-.
'Ine -trawhertv i;r.iw..r r.|i..n- ilial hi- ,r,,p ,,f ,- 1 _' crat.'- (e.icli
crate c. nt.ainini; 2A hov,.s. ami ■ .arh h. .\ ,d. .i" l..nr 'ifili- ..f an imperial
qnnrt") hron.eht him in ..ver 4 cent- (in.l .i ho\ m.t .-.■i-h. after p,iyinii
for p.ickace-, tremht ,inil . .imni!--i. .n.
Prohahly ,a third ..r even a h.ilf ot th.' -tr.i wh.rrie- .-mil ra-pherrie-
grown in Ont.irio ,ire taken hy the local j.atn fact..ries am! canneries.
At one time it p.iys the farmer be?t t.' .ii-iio-e <if his fniit in this way;
26
•fidi::kte.\t^^^iS^^-^-' t
Toniilots Bnin; Larue Piutits
.'.( :uic.tluT tim.' Iir .mh rnako itmri' liv -imkIihv; ii t.. llu- t.iwii- fcr sile
ln-h.
A- fur iiiif>:. Ihcy nre r.iicly cultivated 'I'li^ walnut tree jjr. .\v-
well, l)iit if i- oliicfly vnliic<l for it- fiiiil t-r Tli.- wild hml.Tinit. which
is prcferrcfl t,. the waliiiit. i-, ^'athcroi! in cn-ideraMc
Nuts Miiniititios and -^o i^ the hickorv nut I?i?fore the (Icforc-t
ation of the country the licech tint wa-, a natural |>r...hict
"f •■Mine \aliic to the .-icttler a< food for hi< pic«
" I.ove apple" was an old name for the t..mat<.: and ...me pe..ple
-till a-k whether it i-^ "a vegetable" ..r "a fruit" Whatever name v. .11
eive it, and however yon clas'-ify it. its ta-te will he iii.-t
Fields of the same, so we may safely leave the riddle unanswered
Tomatoes. If it i- ,1 " vetret.ilile." it i. a prine,- (.f vecetahl, - St.-w.d
t..mal..e~ ,ire one ..f the -iinpl. -t and e:i-i,-t di-h.'- t.. pte
pare; iiwl.-ed, all y..n ]\;,v,- t. . il,. with .1 tin ..f t. .mat. ., ■- i- to li. .at it ,ind
empty the c.nt.ntv li,t,, ;i ,!i.h (In i!ie ..iher Imii.I, in. .-I el.ih. .r:il.. an. I
-iV'.nry !-ick-h.iw~ can ]u- mruh- of the t..n;,it.. with the ,iid oi -n.li ..1
''in,.r\- trill,.- .1.. hr,M(l.-ninil.-. eh..pped )ia.-..ii and par-iey, -irid .1 -prink
Iii'i.: .f i^rat.d eh,,-., Of ih, virtues . .f t..mato ~,,nce, Mr I'l, kwi.-k-'-
I.-lini..ny .-t,ind- ..n ricnl I'lnl need- n.. <■. .rn.li. .rati. .11
In it- n,itur,d -l.ate we are well arijiKii"!, .1 with the t.>m;it.. .1- 'li.-
'■'"'■"■" ■""' e..in|.l. ii..n ,.t' ;, ..dad But .ail.'r all, in thi- cniilry. u,
riv kr.w the t. .ni.it.. ,1- an inii>..rted f..reii;iur, ..r .a ih-lieacv r.ii-.-.|
"'■'' f^ -'■'" '" '''e w,.rin ..pin air ..f Canada il ln\nriate-: I ha\.
oll.ii -.en fr. .m ni\ wii..!,.w ,1 uh.le field of thenv nn>l ..n a !i..t d.iy ::
lip. i..m,i|.. ].icked off Ike pi, lit ,ind e.iten like an apple i- a- r. fre-h
iri.' .111.1 Ihir-t nnenehiiiL' .a- a hiiiuh of jjr.ape perh.ip- ni.aa- -..
'I'lie t<.m.it.. pay- e\ee. ,liir,rlv well— if il at-t^ a . hanee M.inv f.ir
'11.', il! rriii.-,. KiKv:!'!. where -neei:!! riMr.-ti..!- !i .- I ; ... .1.
lomat.>, declare that if j.ays them heifer than .iiiv ..ilier
Tomato er..p Thev ..fp-n uei .=;on hn-h.ds ,.ff an acre, and occa-
Profits. -i..iiallv WM1 hn-helv In a had year F have fonnd -liferent
growers settintr from 200 to 4(H) bushels an acre When
27
the .v,,id fall, to ,hr I„«,sf ,,f ,),r.,. K.„res ,|„. pr,.,„ ,. r,..I.Ked f, ti
vanishing |.nint-b„t 3<X) b,ishe!> at 25 cvnt. (]. ou,l) will mean
no. ,,n,r,, of about £12 an acr. A. a >„.„.r of fact, c'xpernnent, haN
'-I.own th ,. the tomato virl.l ran hr r,u-c<l to l,(l,)tl bn-licl> an acre -1
•'"'■'I'l.. uiMT,. t-H. ()„,ar,o (;,a,.r„„„-n! I,a- >t- a«ric.-lt.,ral ooll.^. '.
vanet.e^ w,-r,. te-te.l (nine plant- ,,i ..uh) :„„l ,uUU-,i avoraR.^. of -i,i
to .1- i p,„„„|< per plant of « 1 np,- frmt. Thr plant, were ,et f..„
feet apart, in rows live feet apart, an.t tluv r.-.eiv. ,1 no special treat
, '"''"*■ Thf tomato is Krowri rlii.llv to be canned So i
Ma.ze. the sw.el corn. This avrrai:e. about three tons of gree
ears per acre, an.l the takini;- arr ...ilv abo„, $^0 (..f £
.^- 4,1 > p.-r acre: but the corn i^ more .-aMlv handled than the tomatoe
■""' >i'^-''- f ' for live -t... :; a. well a- for „,,,„.
Peas. , '''■■'"■ •"■e.inother cr.^p v.ry I;,ri'ely r.ii-ed in thiv dj-
tiict. p.itlU f,.r e.innine ami p.irilv tor -,i!,- .,- seed \
comery price-, peas „ ill |,ri,;i; the fari.ier ah.^ut $50 (£10 Ss ) an acre
I ^poke^a little whil. ■,^.. ;,|„.„t the canr.-rie- as a market for th,
,.reh:,rdnia„ s -„rpl„- appK— ,,r f..r ,I,e wli..],. ,,f hi- apples if for an^
rea-,,„ he , ..,- „,,t wa.o t,. -ell then, in the ..p.,, market. .\. von wil
have seen by n,.w, th- cannerie- take many .,ther kinds of f.arm pr,.
'.'"''.'■-""'■'' •■'- <■■"■"• t,.m:,t,„-. p,.a-, pear., plum- and s,n.,l
A Visit to (nn, I, i. a «reat and v-rowi-.- in,hi-trv in Ontari... tha'
a Cannery, of cMiniiiK' I.e-s than twenty year- a^., there were ,,nlv
half ,1 (h.^-.-ii ,ainieri-- in the «),,.le ProMiue- f ,lav then
are .-.Kait -eventy Let n. pay :, vi^it to ,,ne and s,.e what i. K,,inK ,,n
,,,, "^'" ■'"' V"'^ '■""■'"'• '•• '" '■■ •'■•^.■' - 'V- ■!>,• .Man,,Ker. a- «-e ent.r
n,at I- ,nou.di. We e.„I,| !,,,ve n,. h,,. , ,.,,„„,,, ,,f „,^. ^^^.^^.^ ^^^ ^.^
. . '■I>""'ry I.. !..■ -,ir,.. !he ..iiier hn^k^ are t.^rn ofT bv hand
Conjurms -l,v ,|„. h.,,,,!- .,f „„., an.l u.m.,n. an.l ev.n bovs an,'
with Corn. t:,rl-, f,,r it i. Saliir.Iav. an.I .a ,„,mber ,.f . hil,lr.-n hnv,
e,>ni,. to help th,-,r P.ir-nt- Tl . biu- -did h,-a,l- of corn
rire rai-,.,I hy inaehinerv I,, an nnp, r .:..,:. w|ur.. „„.r,- inachinerv
M-i..,- ih.m. -crap,- ,.ff the .-ran, an.l .li-,I,ar.e- the w Iv ere ,,n
A Field of Pumkins in September.
28
t^:"
iliutd to th ■
will mean ,
iiiienls liav
an arre. A'
1 c.lh'Kv. J
avfc-i 111 26 V-
iTf set full
[H'cial treat
incd. So i
ns of gree!
$20 (,r £J
K- toITiatOC-
A Vifw of tht Agricultural Collfcr at Cuflpli
t.. an ,v,T in,r, a-lp... ,„!,. i,, |„ ,-irt.-.! h.,.k t., tl.o f.iriii f. .r hur-c- and
•■'til,- t.. null'. I, The c.rti it-, If j- niixrd with liMilim; water .-..ntain
nil; a lull,- mil' !r _and -all. and ,...nrcd into nnotluT macliin,- whirli
ail'. .mail, allv ,M!t- jii-t tlir n^'.,t ani..nnt int,. .■a.Ii tin as it c-nir- up t,,
Ik- idlrd. Tile li,K are -.Mrrrd ,.n l.y machinerv. Icavinj; onlv a little
\.n. I,, 1, t,, 1„. -,.l,l,.rrd liy Iia-id.
Til. .aiiniin; MM-.. 11 la-t- tr. m tli,- heninninp ..f July till Oct.. her, ,r
\..veii:l.er An iii.lii-!ry that ..iil> i;ive- enipl. .yinent for half the vfir
niii-l ha\c -..n;e dil?ieiill\ in ' . c-|.inL' up its lab.itir -iipply.
A Labour S..nie ..f tli.' eanneri..- niak.- th.-ir own tin- ami put i.,i;eth
Question. .■. th.-ir ..wn ea-e- in th.' ,,|T -ea-..n. ^.. that they can i.mv,-
w..rk t.. a e. rtain iiiiinher ..f ni.ii in llie winter and lie -nre
.•t 111. 11 -.Tvie, - when the eanninir -ea-.'ti li.triris aijain "We can't
L'et !h,' help n,. want." -ay- ..ni- inatiaj;.-r, " dimply becan-p we can't
..fr.r w..rk til.- \,ar r..iin.!" Still, -..ni.-h-.w ..r .-ther cnmiKh wi.rker-
ar.' -,r.ip,-d t.iL'elh.T. nil ..ne .'..hinalion ..f thirty i>ne canneries
nianaue- p. turn ..iit . v.tv ve.r ah. .lit a tnilli<.n ca-e^. As ea, h case
ciitnin- :A iw,, p.. HI,.! li,,-. thai ni.r.iis ^S.dOri.CHKt p.^iuids of f,.,,d
T.. l..-.-r. Ill' the -iipplv ,,f .' , if raw material the canners will pive
ilie farmer a cmraet t,, tal,,. .all he ur..Ws ,,f the cr..p they want. I
f.aiiid farm.:- c.tliiik; l>..in the cannery $r (2^< 2d 1 a t.ri
Prices to •'■•r .■■•rn. 2,= cut- (I- i)i;.,n a bushel f.,r tomat.-ps. f2'
Growers. 'f' 4- 2(11 a t..ii f.,r -helled peas— the caniier .Iocs the
shellini;— ;.n.l $2,.:ti I.. ,*,! (I(t.. 5d. to I2s 6d ) a t..n f.,r
pnnipkm- Ab.ail ?! ,.)- 2.1 1 a barrel was beinp given for apple-, and
."i t.. .= ,cnts iirv^.l ,,, 2^,11 a p..und for cfrawherries. f..r which.
h.'W. v.r. r. c.-nt- i.'.I ) ha,! been ni\cn not many m..nths bef..rr
T.. keep np ihe .iiialitv as well as the <niantity in the supply, the
'■■■"""■'■- s:r...x -.,.1 cri; ..,..! ,„ a- ,,f j,,., ,|',- varieties neede.l. f,,r sale
I., siuh f.anii.r- .,- « ill cnliuai. them .and brim,' in the pr. .duce.
I f..i!':.|. l.v -h. w.i\. 'h i( .,1 Ihe time of mv \isil the canncrs were
rolling c..in al '..s cmt- ,2- 8U.! ) per d..7cn tin-. This, it was claim-
29
'^^^.'IM.
jm»^.
fd, wa« nnly abmit cnsf prirr: thry wrre acrepfinR «;iich a
Cheap '"'*' '■t:'"''' '" "r'Irr to clear otT llir pri'viciiis yr.ir'« vturk
and Good. H..wi-vcr tlial riiy l>c. tliin- i- ti,i dnitit tlint if cfini iMii
tic »iiM wliiitr-: Ir ,it till- r.ilr if two noumli fur JiJiil tlicrc
riiii;lit t(i !)<• a I.Uk'i' retail inark.l f.ir it anioiti; llu- (luor pcuplc nf thr
f>Ic| Ciiiintry — if tlu'y mih kiirw lii.w il.lii i.at-- and iMiiri'-hiiip it wa».
Canned pea* were lieinc -..Id at tin- -ain.- inice. and canned t.iniat.ies
at rn cent* (2~ IM t a il../,ii (prices i.f I'Mth
Mark.! Matilcnini: i- prailicnl t.i s..ine exloTit in tlii^
Market di-trict. Imt it i« ii..t till \..ii net I'.ick ti) flic nciRhl). .nr-
Gardening. Ii I ..f Ti.r..nt.i tliai llil^ indn-lry l)i-c.inir» very iinpurt-
;iiit. \- til, I. tiler t..wn- yri.w. tlicir deiii.ind fi.r tl..v\ers
.aticl I arly vciietable- iiia\ tie expcctrd t.. i;r..u t....
We all kiL.vv In tlii- lime that llie maple Ir.if i^ llie iiali..|ial etn
Idem id C'aiiad.i. The virtn.- nf ilw »:'i;.ir maple vva» di-cuvered vi'ry
early in llu- cnntrv'- lii>t..ry. and iii..neer >eltler», w.iKtni;
Maple cle-lrn.-ti\ e war . .n llie fur.-t vvlii.h cM-rid their fnlnre
Syrup. Iield-. Willi rath -pari d .1 pat. Ii i.f llii'-e p.iiticid.ir trees.
'The -.ip. « hrii it liruin- in 1 im -Ir 11 l; mid it the -priin; -1111.
i* drawn i.fT llirmikdi lii.li- ln.i.il pi the 'm , and i- In.iK.I d.nvii l.i
make ^iii^ar. i.r. muri- cmnnriily 11. .w. ti. i.iak. -yriip. whu li may lie
n-'d |.. iiii;.r..\r nianv iii-ipi'l artu li - ..i I0..1I, .mil 111 e..mpaii> with
lllll^\^ lie.it cake- i- ^iipremc
The .Season of Mellow Fruitfulness.
30
^.ji^tjj^^m^:" •T'aaiH^.%y;aAi?ifi»-
Dairy Cstllt aie Fiiunit on Every Farm
I CHAPTER IV.
I LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY FARMING.
1
I 'I'll. I.ii.\ l.c- llir -iiiilli-l v.irirly ,.f lis, -t^.rl. I,r|it in C.mnil.i, i--
,|i.|u> ..t III,- fri'il uT.uvrr-' \,c~: I'ri, i,,l-. f,,r in t!:r .-..uim- ..f it- (lu'ht it
^ i"irrir- th. f. !tili/ini_. |..,;i.'ii fi ni l.|,.-~,,in |,, hi,,-.,,,,,
Bees and S,,iv,- liu-n k. ij, 1., ,•- -i,ii|,K ,,,; ilii, , i,ri„>.,.. I,ini,,i; ;,
Honey. Ir. -!i miii,,1n ,\,,y y, ar :iii,I I, tiini; tlu-Tii -w.irm ,,|T Th,'
I 111 ii;!:li, iiiimr ,,,-,lKirili,,.Mi. .i- u,ll i- tlif :n!ii,il ,,\vi,,-r- ,,|
'■"'"■-• ■ lii'iiiiit In til,' r, :iiiii,,i; ,.f ili,,-,. ,,\, ,,,],l.iry i„-i-,i- Tlierc i,
:iiu,iv- .-I i;,.. il ,ii.,rl.,l i',,, li,,,iiy if ;, „,:i,, ,Mrc- t,. ■_■,, in f,ir it
' >M !i,:irly i-\,r> farm - ,, will (,,,,! f.,uN i,i,-I,i!:i; iip ;, livi,,t; f,,r
Ihcii'-iK, - ill -II, Hill, r, ,ii:il . ,n-,i,li, i i- iiuTi'.c-iiu; Vrry f,".v far
iiui- make- a -pi'.iallv ,,f i,..iiltr\: Inn , xiifritnciit- mi a
Poultry , i,-i,!, i-.,!,l,- .,,,1,- havo i.r,.\,,l ili.it hni- can t,.- iii,,!r l,i
and Eggs. !.i\ .ill !!ir,,r;;li ,1,, Cai'actia'i \vi,i!,r u-itli,,iit aiiv aiiiin-ia!
lir.nt ill llicir I1..11-, - an, I il • 11 -oiiiicnro i- tli.it in.Tnv f.ir
iii.r- .if,' tliiiikinc 111, t.' an, I in., re ,,1 the l,,u-Iy hen .a- a ^iibst.mti.il
< ,,iitilnil,,r 1.) ill,' iT, ,!ii ,,f ;li,- tial,iii,'o ,-liocf.
rim tnii,'- ,,|il,iinalilc .ir,' >irtaiilly , n,, ,iir.n.;iii;; I I'lnl p,', ,],!,• i;iv
iiii,' '(> rnit^ lS,n a ,|,,/imi f. r i-l'L'- in tlir Inii-" Ini-if^t la\in-.,' -,••,-, .n.
iiinl 2.=; cut- t,i .^.^ i'ltit. (I- t,, 1- 4'A(1 ) ill liu' nutiimii N',,t many
year- ,il>... 1(1 ,<-iil- 1=,! ^ a ,I,,/,n w.a- rrckoiii-i! a r.,,,,! piinv CkkI
si/r,l thicken- ftli'li fiain 7.=^ i-,>nt- fn ?1 (,U 1 U,k fi -J- 2i\ 1 a pair p,.r
tnrki'\ - al-,, tlicrr 1- n InrL-,' ,l,ininil ,--m, rialK- a- 'riiaiik- trivin- D.iv
1111,1 Cliri-tma- .iiipr. .aoli, ami v,,i' will ni,.! tlmm -.■llini,- in tlic irk,-t
M ir,„„ ?! .-() .,, «.! ,,S- J,K ,,, K,- ,,.1 1 .,,,„.,.,., .,r ab,,nt Jl. ,-,miIs
(I'l'l > .T p,,iii:ik Ducks ninl tr. .■-,• .an- p,.; r.ii-i-d ,,„ ., large -rnle.
TakiiiiT tho ,a-terii i-,>iii!li,-- ,.f Oin.ari,, t,,sclliiT, I'le prcatc-t of
{'Krictiltiiral indii-trif'i is dairyinj;. ami the farther ea>t ymi i;,, the great
31
?r Vdii find It Th^ whol^ Prnvinr^, ncmrilintr to rrtiirn
Cattle. i-.H.Mfnl ill tl'.- -nmrnfr ..f 1012, r.-nfnin^ ^.ftOr.fMXI hrml ..
rnttlr. of which .tilv n iiiiti.Titv .if ti>-rtl for flairviiiif, th
fsiirf fieiirr- luiru': Milrli rnw« t.J.TnOO ami i.tlirr cnftlf. 1.463,fKX>
nvrn in nttrh.Ttii ., ' V.irfhiiinlnrl.Tnd. inilcli i-'iw< are «fill in n min.ri
tv III I'riniT Filw-.-iril. however, niul ^nll ni ire in M.T»linK«. fhfv .iri
in a I.irBP nni'irifv Of all the Oftv r..iii'tie> of Onlnrio. moreover
onlv oiii* exeeefls ff.T»ti!ii»- in the ^i/r of it» dairy hen!
For Meat i >f the rattle rajveH for meat I need sav little Mnio"
all Canadian* rat href ami ji, .ric in iiMantitie> which thi
in the Old Country coidd hardtv trint thetn-elvev t<
poorer rla-
dream of
Th- dairv fanners of Ont.irio have L.iilt up an enor
Where the nioii hiiMne^- with the Old C-'iintry. They have hecn
Cheese etiahlcd to d.i thi- hv the rvt.ddi-hmrnl of hundreds of
Comes clicr-c and (iiitler fact.irie- ill ovi-r the Province These
Prom. ari' CO oprratixc ..r j' iiit -|,.cl. Concern-, the -.Iiare- hi'iiu
owned !>y the farmer- The milk i- -enf eveiv «eroi,d da\
for every <iav. in -iitnmrrl to the factory, where it i- maile into chee'r
of a (rood uniform qitnlitv Thi- i- 'hipped over to the Prifi-h Wr-' .
and the money come< h.icl< to the farm in proportion to th,- milk which
that farm -npplied
The -ini.-lf coiiiitv of |Ia-'inK< exjtorts to Fnirland
Cheese :d,.-if «.?'l«1«i,(HW1 ,■ £4nn,f¥¥^1 w-nh of rhee-e every year
Factories. Th, :i\,'rrif,' annual ,.Mli,iit ,f t1',- Ontario factorie-. in
che,>-e al..n,'. ani,.nnt- I,, ah, nt $1 .^linil.linn ( IM.IKiOIWMil
\f,o:x ..f the fact, Tic- m:Xe hntter wh>Mi the -e,i-,,n f,>r che,--e i- ,iver:
l>iif tl'c h,.mi' <', mand f,,r hntter i- -,, Inrv,' th.il c,,nip.ir,iti\ ,dv litth'
cm he -pared fo, . sp,,rt
.•\ w,,ni|crfni -i •pr,.vemcnt in the dairv farnii-r'- p,,-iti,.n h.i- cmr
fr,.ni the c-tahli-hiiicnt ,,f thi- fact.TV -v-tem: hnt wf -hall -ee at
h-.i-t a- >v,,iiderfi!l :in iiiipro\ cment in the fntnrc
n;'f,'re the il.iv- -f c. i , .p,r.itiv,' ihiir\ iii-j. when everMhim^- wa-
il, ai,' on .a -in:ill -c.ile - -wlien each f.irni.r h.iil t,, make hi- own hntter
ami -cl! it a- hc~t he could — .! man would k,',p two .^r
Benefits ihr,',' c,,u- T,. .l.iy. wlu'ii h,- ,idv ha- to =npplv tlu- milk
All Round. :\r.i\ tlic c I'l'cr.ilive d.iirv turn- it into cheese and m,inev.
he keep- a ,1,,/i'n or -,>: and many a farmer ki'ep- tw,i ,,r
thrif -cir,-. Thi- mean- a l.iri:ely increa-e<l income to the farmer:
laru'ely increa-^ed hn-ine-- to the merchant- and inamifactnrers. who
-npplv him with Rood- of all -,,tt-: a larcelv increa-e<I mmdier ,d men
employed hy the merchant- an.l inannfactnn-r- and lheref,Me a larpelv
increa-ed demand f.-r f,,,id product- ,.f th'- farm. The larecr herd of
cattle al-o mean- nuTe tnannre. and tlu-ref, ,re more fertility f,'r the toil
While the nnndier of milch cw- kept hv the Ontari,, farmers i-
incren-inir. a marked improvement in the da-- of stock i-
Waste of taking place, fn the pn-t toi> little attention wa- devoted
Energy. to the 'elertior i,f the hreedinp -tock, and farmer- wa-ted
a good deal of eneriiy in kcepinc; a comparatively luipro
i!nctive class of cow-
Ilappilv. the very fact that cows are f,>nnd on Ontario farm- yield
ir.'j ■•ver !.^r>00 iv-.v.r!;!-. ,.f n-.ill- -Vi. -.-.■.■= tl-. i» tJ-.s -.r.-.-^si ,-.f jr,-.!-.,-..-.-).-..-
thc heril- ha- he<.rnn. and ,in -ome farms has Rone very
Improve- f.n i"d,i'd 1 h^ar ,,f one Ontari,- dairyman who has
merit \<r ,:.-ht hi- h,T,l ,,!' fifty co-w- up to an averaire ,,f R.OiM<
Going on. p. mm!- of milk j.er h,'ad per year — not the host cow. but
as the averape inr the whole herd Many farmers have
32
rtff ■. ** *.,
" rfftirn
11 hrnrl „
villi;, tlv
1 .4ft3,(HKt
n min. ri
fhfv ar<
irv herd
■Mnin«t
•lii.h th<
■••IVfv t,
.in riior
ivr hrcr
ilrcd'! (if
Tlifs.-
■0- hi'iiH
rond (la>
i-h UI-.
II; whicti
Fnt'land
•ry ycnr
nrit'-, iri
i« nvrr:
• ■Iv littlo
i:i- ri.mr
II -re ,-it
itis.r w.'i^
11 tiiiltor
two or
ihf milk
1 money,
- two or
f.iriiipr:
'rs. who
■ of men
1 Inrccly
herd r.f
the eoil
rmers is
^tock is
devoted
= wasted
r iinprn
-.Vr.I til:
tr mil' V I
1.! ^l
.'" JMT cent -iiiii'U li> tw.. of tiirt-e
!i I'lioti- ill lirriiliiu' I' .MM (hat niod^-r inrrense. *.iy, »S per cent,
■ I hei-n .n!ii.\,i! .ill rontnl. f!'r Cluiirio farii
iTier- w-iild hr in.iWinK an
,tr.i $>'.;'( »,f<'(i U"l,r"(>.l=«<'l 1 >rar The |.rr-ent d.iirx ..Mt,.iit of th.
rMiii't' I
- «'lM.,'_'r.S'li .f.l
((l^.5frf,>
lloi; r.ii-i.ifcj iloVi'i.ijK tM'iir.ilU mt'
till
I'lkjs and liroiiL'ht ti.i.l: from i|i,- .lu-.v,- i ,,torv f c ■ a toiiij wav in
^ L'.iws tidliiii; it, f'l.'- \' iiiiil-iiintMcr. I'M-', tlirrc were l,.t.'.^
; Together. l'*'*' -wv-t m < intario. mil tin- niitiil.i-r v. .Id or 'laimhtrrnl
i 111 tin !•'. . . ilirn IH. 'M'fiioiith w.i« 1,844. 4(t.;
: Tin- I'r.'-idi tit of tlu- I >.nr> nii-ii'- .\>-i.ci.i'i..t! o! We.irrn ()nl,irio
" It i~ 111 .oiiiipu r.T. fiii.'id Tiiorr aritl iiioti' i-.n-h year tli.il not
■ U .ill- tluM- iir.iii- t ' III ..lit. lined in i-..niliiiii ■! d nrMiitr .md ho*;
I 11 I' lii'i No tli.il tin rr 1- no ..iliir -\ -', ni •■! 1 irmiiiL' '1. it will Vfr-|i
• ■■ '■ liMiliu of il il ,iid iiu-ri'.a-r lln^ \.iliie of the l.iinl with .1-
!!• Il iifo'il .1- il.iirv inv "
lleri', ai; nil. i- iii iiidii-;r\ with ,i i;r< .it fiitiirr li.-fi.rr it. f ir it u
I litile ilillii-nlt to iinu-ji!, ilii liiuiMii i.uT nid tin' InL'ti-li im'|>Ii in
= I .irli, iil.f lo-iiiK itii-ir l.i-lr for Ivu-. n ii'd |i nn .ind pork
Kacoo 'I'Ih' oiiK .ill.-- 1 ion i.- -whi-rr >|i.ill \\r iri-l tin m fri in ' Tin re
and Ham. i I'o i -■' ^^i■\ •!: ■ Cn i i ,, ' •;.,. . w!.o .r. , .,nl .o
l-in tlii-m -III 111. I Hot -iippU n- wtlh .1 f.ir larw'-r pr..p..t
" 'I ' ll '■ Il noil ,11 <| li.iiii \\.. ,.ii ,\ pre-tiit wf dr.uv fir too nim-h
• . iir -npiilv frotii Ion ilmi 'oiintrii'
Till- ni. fi-.^or ..! ;iniinal liii -li ,!n!r v it tin- Ciin-lpli .\>;
British luiiltnii! C. II. n li.i- hem tilling hi- lidlow Can.idian.
versus that then- i- r.i uo.,il re.i-..n win t!ii'\ In nid li.itid ovit
Forei^;n tin' I'.n'i li l..ii.,ii iii.,iKrt t.i tin- i.i..j.I,- ,.' Iii'iiiiiark 11. ■
H.li on. -ay- C n.di.ii:- " 1; i\^- an iinnnn-i i Iv ,iiit:ii.o. in tlip ni.itt.r
of ■ o-t r pr. iliiriioti .;mI we i. rid iiri\.- il' I lane • i;' .■'
I'.iiii-l-, ni.ark.t i! u i- w.iit .it il in tin- Ufht •,< i\ Tin- Iliiic li.i-
; '. if n il |o -iiiii'lx ll.- .11 II iinr with '.vli.it In v\..i;l- Wli.ii wi- liMrn
•, 'll.' -.line I.' II. Ciiiiili i-.ii! III!., iin.rc a- i-i i lu'r -nprenin'v in the
i'l iti-|i iiiarlset
'llnir 1- one fanner .■! inv ai-i|ii:,ini.iii.-.- ir. ll.i-tiiiv:- ('■ y-v.:\ ■.vln.
■ .'. •- ..ll m f:.''<t (f.^rOi .i M o from li:.. milk .-i n.rt^ i..« . , i .1 i- .,li!..
I k.-iji all.. lit ?.'MHi ilMHi'i >v. rtli of hoi;.. Tlii- ni.in
A Big t.irin- on .. VI r\ lon-nli i ,.lilc ■>.]■. aid, -till li.'lter, in a
l''arm. llioroin'liU -v-i.-irati. w.iv llr w:\- tn.t a f.iriiuT fo ti. i^in
"itii In- Irfi ill.' f.iriii th.il I'i- f.iil.r li.i.l .J.ar.'.i from ilir
,' • r. ', .mil iiii.ii.l ].i.'.. ■-i..ii,il lifi- -liiii In- ••,,;nu' li.i.'k t" the land,"
' mil -,'e wh,at he !i,a~ innl.' . f il Th Id f;rii', h.nl -. .in, 'tiling; ..v.^ .:(i.i
acre- in it . h.' h.! iiu rr .-. i' ii i. . I ,li»i ..n .■- I ha\ .• trn n
" Came -i. m .' In- I i i .1- ..f I iiu- .md -wine fie al ■■• ha- f. .iir aj.ple
Back to ..r.liird-; p. ..i- .in.I pluni- and .Inirn-- he-ide- 1 he
the Land," .ai mtity • f ni,ii/i t!i,it h.- y^ow^ to pi.iM.Ii' hi- c.w- wiMi
-ii.'iili 111 "in'iT ill.! 11! iv 111- iniaL'in.-i! fr.in the f.i.-t tli.it
I ' i- -ilo. hiiilt of irniiiit, i- i..rt\ f. . I !iil,I! .in.i •iflirii f.-i't in i!i im.t.T
as yield-
ine very
vhn h.as
of 8.001
•ow, but
Ts have
M
Ontario Barns art Wide and Warm.
The
Demand
for Men.
Labour
Scarcity
and its
Effects.
CH AFTER V.
THE OLD COUNTRYMAN'S CHANCE.
.Alri'.idy. linili in the tniit ili~iriil~ and in part'^ devoti'd
t" ■j.n.r.il .turiiiillnri'. tarni. r- li;nr .-..niiilaiiKMl tliai they
i'.n;ii,.t ,i;rt on.mi;!! c. iiiiin-icnt men — ..melinie- that they
e.inn..t even uel inec unpetent men They make the be-t
"f •' ''"I J"l' l''.v intri.ilucti..u am! im]ir..vemen; .jf labcnir-
-avin^r ni.iehimry. and liy ilie <xchani4c ,,f I.,h.,nr with their friends.
ihey ,ire Ki'ner.illy aide I,. - ^eranil.le throni;h -iMmehdw;" but they
h.ivo ..flen hi .•n )irevented fr> ni enhivating the land as
"ill ,1- t!ie> .ini;hl. The ;d)-,dinely m-ce^-ary work is got
tliri.\i.jli. perli.ip... Init much more ccidd he dune that w idd
niere.L-o the I'arm pri.lits. and wonld he dime if there were
men tij di. it !',.r in-tance, many iirchardinen. who admit
that the fniil .niKhl. in a lie.-ivy year, to be thinned nut,
-ay they simply have not the time to do it If that has been so in the
p:i-t, what will he the ea-e now. with all these millions of new trees
to be cnltiv.itcd?
The -iination will be a little relieved by the farmers'
Farmers" -on- -tayinc in the eonntry. In the old days there was so
Sons Stay- mn, !; hard-liip ,ind dnnlnery in farm work, and so little
ing in the wa- \mder-too,| of the ^re.it pos-ibilitie- of seicntilie ajrri-
Country. enllnie, that hoy, y,,| into the habit of de-erliuK the count-
ry for the town .and v:"iiiK in for other profession-. The
conditnnis and |iro-i)i'ct- of f.irmiiiR .ire now ,n much better and more
plea-ant thai- larmer-' -on- who h.ive been well edne.ited in hiKli
-.•I 1. :! ,1 1 ... 1 ,1. . . . - .
; -" '■ '■' ■■■ ■■■■•" '■■'■' K-rr.-.irr .uivanraRe ot ,^, Coiir-e in
an agricultural eo^e^•e .ire enminK b.ick to enter their father'- business.
Several example- of tlii- occur to mo at the moment. A man who
has been grouing fruit till he i- " worth," as the saying is, a matter of
34
Sili'i!'!.'' Gr.'/in- Gii'in!ii> lur All Kiii^
1 l.v.- ,S|..ik
J.Kl.lMi I l'(i.i'(;ii ,. I,:,- m,, ,,,,,, 'Mii-liinu ili ir , .mim :;t .1 hi eh -oh.Mil in
ihr n.-iehli-iirniv !..un IL.tli :,ir .■. .iiiiii-.' li.i.K t.. tin- fruit ^;r.nviiik;
\ r. iiihlii nr •■! Iii- I1.1- u.'w -..i!~. .nic! I:.- 1- iMixinu a I'.iriii for evorv
'■!"■ ' ! ihrpi \ livv \r;ir- a-^,: thi-r ll.a- u . 'ihi h.ir.lly h..\\i- hrOM nhlf
I., rr-i~t Ih,- t, iiipi;,li..n . i" c\\\ :iiiil '■ pr.il'. --i..r;,il " i:iiii-r-, \iiit mini
l)iTh ■- . ihrr . Naiiii'Ic- iiiiulii lu' ijivi 11
I h, II. iii,iii\ <•! ihf \c.m:i; 111. i' \\\\,< (!iil ii. ! w:;nt '.■• -.['wf ii]i fariiiiiiK
i!l. K'lli'r vv'Ti- -milt, 11 l.\ thr " u < -trrii l'. i . 1." .111.! i.oi!,-.l In the ni-li
'.' thf I'r.iirif I'r^ >\ itic.--. w h.T, thry i-..iil.l ltI 1:iii,1 t'.-r h-'Iui-.l: and
niakr niLtuy !>y uhiat rai-im.^ V.^wailay-, a c-,,,! many uh.. \\a iiilil
ha\i' il.Mir tlii- arr 'incliri.' thiat thry ran il • at any rati- in-t a- wi-II in
the I'r. villi-, ■ whiti- thry w i-r,- Iv.rn
Still, niua- .a haliit h.i- cia.uii i']i it .I.m ■- n^t cli,> ..in in a i!ay M.my
'i..y- will i-..nliiiii.' 1,1 i;,. .iua\ int.. Ih,' |,,«n- cr niii.,'r:i1 ,■ t,. the
v'l-t. anil t,r yiar- t.. r.,tii,' tlur,- i- la-rt.im I.. Iii> .1 m, at ilfniand f.ir
"^'■n ' ti <liii,iri.. I'.iiiii-, r-|., I'ially a- I he atr. mit , .1 \v,.rk to lia di.nc
1- iiuTra-ini; -, . l.irtjriy uith tin- r\i.n-i,.ti ..| tin ..r.liardi-
\('i-,.i ilin.^h . li,.|h till- |l,,inini'ai I ".■ .vcrninent ^iid tho
Keeping rr.ixiiirial C,, .\ . riinu-nt .ire trying' (.. «<•( itictl of the rit'lit
out the -t.inip i'r,-ni tlu- I Md ('..imlry '1".> kicii <.ul iiion "f the
"Wrong u ruiij; -..it, v.iri. n- i.uiilati.n- lia\,- he i 11 iii.id.- I".nii
Sort." maint- witli ,i li.i,I m.a.il ria- .vd, i.r pliv-ical (li-.ihilitii'<
lihily to iii.K, th, III .1 hiiidiii I., ihr c .mimitiity i.r ;) di-
ur.i.. t-. It. .ar,- k, ;.t ..lit .,lt. ... . tli, r . ,r -hi] pel l.,u k L. l'.iir..pr when
ill.' i.Ht- .ir> kn,.w 11 !' li.- al-.. h.a n di ,i,, il that .,r.|itiaiy .■iiiiut ,iiit -
inti-t h.i\. .'>J.= 1KI i.di,.iit i?f i-.u'h in tluii |i, .--,---i,,n ,in
Rules l.>i,,lii:L! ,.r J.'.i.iHl ,.,h- 111 Jill) if thry K., ,,vn in vviiitiT
About r.iit iMitiL'r.iiit- wh.. .n,' i;,.ini; t.. f.irm w,.rk aro -■> liadK
Emigrants, uanl.il th.il ih.-y are -pia-i.ally e vnnpti'd f r. .111 tlii- riile.
it tlu> h.na -..me d.-init,' -itii.iti- ,ii t.. K" t..--whuh i-
•••;> i-.!-\ !.• .■::.;::!;-, .: ;':.■ ( " ' ■; ;t :;:;:r;Tt i-ituiai; nnd ri;.^ h, -t < iiiik;r,.
li'.ii .ir«ani,-.ili..ti- ,ilu,i>- Ii.ix.- the nann- .,f ihi.ii-.iiid- i.f farmiT':
.-kin^r f"r iMrii Tlu \' iiiii-l .-i!-.. h,i\c the iicrc-^ary mean'; ..f Kottinv;
ti. tlu' p. .ill! wluTf I luphiy im-nl awaits them.
35
l! 1- the ' xporiciu-rrl .iiiil .itinlitlccl man, naturally, wh.
Worthless i- «:iiitr(l m..-!: and. n, xt t- liiiii. tho man without cxi><-r
Labour. irmi- ulm i- rl, tcniiiiu'cl t.. l.-ani aii<l to l)i-conic qualitu il
I 'nl'or'ntintrl.N . a uv.-.it ninny n'.n have K<ine otit from
I'.iipl.-it;.; \v!io -, . Ill riialil. .r imwilliiiL; i . I,\,rn, They nof only ex
a-iur;itc Mi.- tarnu-r- wlio .jht their, n-ork. hut croato a projiulico
■ itrain-! ili.il f,^!I.>w I"iiL'li-hnicn uh.. ,ir.' . f .|niti' .1 difl.-r. nt <tanii>
Men Who M mv m.-i; wh,. ha\.- .-..m.- ..v.-r with.'iit any know-
Learned, halt;.- . f f,.riii wa.rl- li.ave hy -h.-cr il.'Ifrmin.Ttion gainrd
. \p.Mii'ni-i' i-iiiaiuh in a vrry -iLTt time f.. make them
mIm-- h,iL'hl> ii~,'t"iil nn.l ih.-i .{..re lii).'h!\- \:ilnc<l,
\ fricn.l ..| Miitio in ..no ..f tlu^o ..rcharcl di-trict^. a
Immigrants ni.an uh.. ! now^ pra.-fi.ally rv.rx farm and it« .u-citpnnt<,
"Making ^,,v- ••^f,,-t ,,i' ih- hir, .1 h.lp aia.und lioro i^ froiri the
Good." < )hl (". .nntrv— Urn. r.illy hamli-Iinirn and Scotsmen, with
-..HK- Iii-lniKn S.iiiii- win. .■aiin- from towns have had
r.ilh. r .1 liar. I tinii' . .f it. ohici1\ ti. i-aii-o ..f ih.ir own doti'Cts: hnt near-
ly .-ill till- iniini^r.int- h.-ivi- doiu- u, II ami -.- -a\inK ni.mey. The next
i-'.'ni'r.ition of all th<--o immiiir.int- wi'; !.,• ..nr farmer-, and they will
h.' rmphatioally all right.
"r..r fx.implc. there'- Mr. \ Wli. n In- cimc over I'lve years apn
lir u-.i- -.1 p.i.ir thai- I ha.l to help hini. V.m- he has a rented farm of
IIKI ;iere- ami he i- .l.iiei.; r.' illy well nn it Then there's Mr. R.. who
had lieen a e. .:iiliin.iii ,.r ho-tler n, ar I".!inl)iir«h. Tie has a rented
t'arin. t;..t -..tne liv,- -t.ak. .-.n.l is c,.inR il-ead \!r C, another oh!
e..untryman. h;i- h.-ii.^'hi a 2.= a.-re farm ami i- d.'in^' well Mr. D.. an
e\ polieeiiian fr..m Gla-sow. .1 m.iL'ni'irent ni.in, started here .'is a farm
I.. hour. -r. w.irked his w.iy up. ind wa~ ahlo to hel), C. hy lending him
.?,'m i£tmV"
Oil a fruit farm in the -ante di-triet I f, „nd an Englishman wh..
vviiit .lilt .1 feu- year- a-., with v.-ry little experience, and is now man-
atiine the wli,.le pi. ice f. .r ihe owner, win- h.-is a business elsewhere.
.•\ y..iiniier br.ither ..f thi- farm liailifT went .-nt t.> j.iin him after leay
ivfx the army, and h.i- ,-iI... pr..vrd him-elf "the riijht stnfT"
\ti'..nL' th.- ..I.Ier inhabitants I fonnd a Welshman
A Welsh win. w.-nt ,.iit ab..ut t w.-nty-hve years aRo. without m.iney.
Dairyman. .111. 1 w..rk.-d f,,r ..th.'rs till he conld rent a farm f..r himself.
Ste]! by -teji he a.Iv.inee.l. till a few y.-ars aeo he was able
f.i i.■i^,- ?7.(H)(1 u.ver £l,4Mh i,,r ,, farm ,.f ]H) acres. There he and his
tan.ily iise happilx in a cmt. .rt.ibh- h '< Ilmi-c snrri.nnded by its gar-
ili-n and be.nnifn! tr.e-: '• An.l iii. ,-. cle'n. tidy people they are." as .me
"' '''^ nei,i;hb,,nr- -.,i,l 1, nie. IK ha. .1 « I orchard^ but K"e^ in
m.-r.- f..r d.iirvirii; -,-lliiiL; milk t.. the t..wn elo-e bv. and his h.-rd of
.■ou-~ mii-t b.- worth $J.(«10 i£4(Kn.
An.l h.-re i- an l-iiiili-hman, the s..,, ,,t a N'.irf. -Ik farm
A Man I.ibi .ei er. whom I met in Prince Fdward C.mnty. He
from went ..nl ,a- a y.-i: ^ man. w.irked f.ir a farmer fill he
Norfolk. Conld rent ,1 f.irm ,.| 1.^0 acre-, tahinc it for live years at
f'li ,1 ye.-ir. -mil .-iRhteen year- .m.. was able to buy his
lir.-ent i.irm of IIJ acre- witii -i sood.-i7e<l li..u-e and other buildings
for $4.5(H> (..vcr .f'^tKO. T.at.-Iy. he bought an.ither farm of UX) acres f.ir
hi- -- n. paying .«rtK1 -ay liMJt)') ,.f the price in cash and leaving the rest
..11 ni-'-age .at the |.,w t.ite ..f 4 per cent intere-t.
::erc is a Ic'r.cT ir..m ..i, r.iinii-lini.iii. wiio begins i)y -aying: ■" (
-hall feel well rewarded if this short sketch of my life in the rrovince
il' (Ontario would be the mean- ..f encouraging men and families like
Mine to -tart for Canada " He and his eldest daughter, sixteen years
36
Pure I^rf.i t.iith
'>! aK'-'. ivi'tit (lilt tcigctln.T. 11:" c|.i\ .iftir 'rir .irru.il ill ()iit;irici tlu'
father fmind work in a !nr,ct' K'ni-iili. .n^i- --t.'.lili-! .iiciit at 12'^ criit--
(6'4(I ) .in hiiiir. "My iiay a- iiunM-nl year by \ear.
The Result My pay after hve year- ua- 2-, n'lt^ an li.mr. The -ainc
of Five tirm ncnv pay~ to frr-h ir.. n I? rent-* ("'ad.) nn Ii^nr.
Years' "steady work all the yar rfinid \Iy daii^ihtcr smin fnuul
Work. cmp1o> iiiont at (^nod pay; Iier pay ii^w is 3()s. per week.
It may iIltere^t yi'U tn kii^'W tliat when I got tny first
waRe^. all the money I had left vva- 2-, 1 left my wife and ^ix dnu^ht-
ers in F.nRland with 205. to g.t ahi;^ with, and had tn support them
out of my earninKs. I accepted a U.an of £40 at 6 per cent, from a
friend in I'.nRland to enable me to s;et my family — the youngest a baby
— out to Canada. In nine mor.tli- after my family's arriv-
Anything al I paid the £40 back with f> per cent, interest, and furii-
Like This i-hed a home, all pp.id for. m le-- than one year. Xow.
in England? after tH-e ycar^ in this eounlry. I have a brick hou-e. two-
storey, and a bujldini; It for which I paid $1,210 (£2471,
and a valuable -ix-acre pl..t of I.ind for which I paid $l,2fii1 (£24,=1) ca-h
down, (You men with prowiii^; f.imilir-. ami thrilty h.abits. can \oii
do anything like thi^ in l"ncland:i I .am now working my own land
.a~ a fruit farm \ly c!aiii;lilrr- can iom! ple;;iv of work .at i;ood pav."
I am alw.iv- on the w.il'li l"oi ca-r^ of the ..ppo-it'
The kind -mill who Iiave n..t .iurr.-ded--,ind where corn-
Failures, plaint^ of f.ailii'e aie heard tlirv -lionli! b'- honestly ex-
amined to di-c", r •.vhal i- .at the bottom of 'h/in. I am
hound to say that in nearly e\ery ea-i- the f.iiline i^ dii- to t!ie inan
hitn-elf. or ^ometiiU' - to tlie wife, who ha- pf' ad a hindrance in-.tead
of a help.
Thirty \r,ar~ e-.p.-i! nee oi C'.in.id.i .nid the C'.in idi.iti- coiiiiirN tne
to re rci\ e wath the iilniiot -ii-picion the statement- oi ni.-n wit • throw
the Id. one ■ f ibci. ..lihiri' on la'her the coini'rv or t!ie peo
Com- ide Thill' ail lii.u k -heep .itiionc the C.iiiadi.m^ who
plaints. woidil take .iiKiiil.ai.M- of a -triinjrr a< tiiev waiiild of .i
f.diow conntt yni.in : but .a mm nai^t be on his L'liard
.i^.iin-t ra-e.il- in any coiinlrv. and I know of no l.,nd where the -land-
ard of per^-onal hotie-ty i- hitrlvr than it i^ in Canada. There are also
cliurlish folk who give snappi-h answers and it;nore the delightful duties
of hospitality; but they are theni-elves the wor-<t suilerers by their de-
37
Letters
From
fict<; .>f ofi.tr.utcr, and they can bo left -evorely al.>ne. The vast niajor-
ii\ i>f Canailian^ arc uciMiiir ly lio-iiital)lc and ipjienhcarted to newcom-
iT- \vli( d.. mmI ritluT li.ild :d....t' or ^bnw -i^«ns of ■inestionabic char-
acter.
I may i;notc hrn- from ;i tew oilier letters sent home
to ilu- Oiitarici 'like in I.ondon b\ recent emigrants, who
. iiiciileniallv toinli on the reci'iiiioi! L'iven to newcomers in
Emigrants. .■ ,, ■ ,,
° that 1 rovnui- ()ne man says:—
" I like my place \. r\ ucll I ,im inj.'a>;id for twelve months and
I havf lwciil> doll.ir- a nioiiili, ho.nd and lod^iinR and washing. The
pcoido arc \. ry nice uitli nic. There is plenty of w<irk for farm hands
■ >nt Ill-re. It .any yonnt; men want to come ,,nt to Canada, tell them
to ^i> on the farm for that i- the work tli.i! |iay~ a single man."
Anotlur l-jiiili-lininn write-; "I am \<rv comfortably gp-.n.rcd
on thi- farm <\iH\ :i,-ri- niiveil). I :nn eny.iL;. .1 here for a year, after
which 1 prop,,-c to ^o on to the collece .it C.nelph for scientific instruc-
lior,. 1 .im inon- than idea-cd with the lifr of this conntry, ami the
people too. \o man mcd feel dull. thoiii;li far from village or town;
:li'rc are .Itlhitint; -. ririir- and i;o..d lihr.i'-ie- of reference, and -cien-
An Improvement Over the llolluw-log Watering Trouuli.
lii'ic hook- which are inv .•ilnahle. 'I'here is considerable demand for
lahonr hire, and men of the 'right -ort " can always obtain good
iltlarters."
In a third Iett>r I nad: " I am .iwlully comfortable here, I have
pr.ictically the n^' of a hor-e .and lntp;:y whenever f like, and the work,
thonuli liiiid. i- \rry mce .and interc-tini;. and they don't i>ii-h at all."
\ fourth writer -ay- " 1 am delighted with Canada and its peo
pie. and the more I >-ee of it the more it appcrils to me."
\ lifth corre-pondent write-: "I think I shall like frnit farming
\iry iinich ;ind I don'i thi„l< there are many young men that would
not like it It i- much more he:ilihy than working in the eity."
To nnil,. Ill, th,_- half do/,M!. ]■.< me ipio..- one otii^r immigrant, who
.il-o -etiKd in .1 frnit di-trict: "1 tliink it i- a very nice country. There
-.em to he plmly of o|.portiinilie> for one to get on otit here, and I
Wonder there :irr not more people coming out. Truly. Canada is a
great country."
38
1
I <!fc in an cffiiial |iaii!i>Iitet a vtateinent thai the wano-:
Wa^es of of cxiHriinccil lariii liaml- in ()iit.irii. nm trMin $J»i(lll (£4^
Farm l.i$,W(>1 l£(>) a inoiitli. viiih l>M.,rc!, wliili- tlic iiu'x|ii'ru-iu cil
Labourers, inrii i.'i-t $S 7? i i'l 1?- l l.. >I?JM» i£.<i. al-d incImlniK lM.,cnl
The wrilir aiM- "S^ miu-li .!i|m lu!- on tli.> .|i!alr:. all. ii-
! till' applicant ilia! llu- !:t^iir. - ..in .ally l.r appr. xini,. ti' " Thai i- a
<.:\T -lat.'iiiciit lif tin- oa-i' \ly ..up iii.|ii:ru - oi.ir nil 111: ..itui.,I • u
M-i .. -I. far a-- tln-y l;..: ami 1 .an l;.. a liIlK fiirth.-r
A friend ..f iiiiiu' uiili a i-..!i-iil. a ililf .rih im1 nil. ■ !•.
House, -..nu' rMiiU .ai iiun Iniiic in ill. ii. ii:lili. 'in li- .■ "1 La h. Ip
Fuel, Milk m lli.- Ii.i-i.-l -r,i-..n Tiny \\..rk h> tin- il.i> . lai! h.- 1 .
and Garden li.i^ an lMii;'i-hiii.in in hi- p. i in in. ni . niph.y I ■. iin- ni.ni
Thrown in. hr pa>-. ?,*,= i i7 d- i .i in. nih. p.r null' in.nili-, •'■■] >_'ii
(i'4 .'- I .1 iil..n'!i f..r til. r. -1 ..I lli. >.ai. in.iknv I'"', i-'-
;..v llii- luclvfni..iilh in ..i-h I'.nl in .nl.liti.'ii. llu- man h.i- .i ' \. in
■ .1 >-..|tai;«-. \vn..iMi.il. fn.-l. .i .|.iil> ■[n.,;! •■\ milk, .iml K.n.l.n i:r..iin.l
.n.aii;li P. ^rnw all llu- v. t;<.lalik- hr «,inl~ l..r In- l.innly all ir., .•!
Hay-making Near Corbyvillc
The i.nlinaix wafic .>! a capahk. man in thc-c fruit di--
The tricts i- $2? t.i $.'0 (i7 4- to i'6 .'-.■) a in.mth f..r tlic sea-tui
Worker's of eiKhl ini.nlh-. with h.ianl and 1i.(1j,miik'. Ii i- lU't cvory
Cottage. farnuT win. ha- a -rpar.ilo c .t^lKc for hi- m.iii to live in,
but the wi-il..in .1 pr..vulin_i; :'i- i- luin^' m..ri' .iml iii..ro
rccok'iii/cd. If .1 man ha- .. i. imi..r!.iliK' iitth' liou-.- of In- ..wii he i-
Ic-- likely to h.ivc .a r. -il<-- .h -ir.' i.. lu.'Vi' .a .viiy. He can lirini; up .>
family— which i- .i i,; 1 lliini; for .ill i-..ni a rntal Th- witc ,iml chiMr'H
(,in i;il pK'iily ..f luallhy w..rk ah.ni ihi' i,ifnh. .u-r ami orrhanl. wlin li
.nlil- c. .n-iiUr.ihly P. tlu- l.imil> im-..iii<. ami ,il llu -..iiU' tun. r. Iii\i-
tlu' f.irnu-r of aiiNiily wh. n >Mr,i lulp i- waiit(.l.
A Year's inc .a ^o..ii m.in li> ilif y<-.ir. i-v.'ii thontih tlu-rf i- i-..mpai,i
Engage- li\ily lilih- lo d.. m ifu- fmir wiiUt-r iii..iitli-. m-ii-.i.l .•!
ment. htlinv! him i:.. .at tin- nul ..f the eipht ni.inlli-' -.M-..n
and trn-tiliK I'r. .vuhiuc l.i -end am.lh.r in, in in tin- -piing
39
A nowcr.iiKr -li >i,I.| ;ilvvny« try to fjet ,i full year's contract, and if h<
i~ really i-..in|Mirtit ho will Kfiiorally -iiccecd in doing so.
Hours of
Labour.
Regular
Rest
ffours.
Effect of
a Good
System.
M,,ri- vl..wly. hut -uri-ly, the f.irincr i' cominR to see
tlir .i-Ki- ihility and p. i--ihilii v .>i regular wi.rkinK hours
-■• lli:il In- tiu-ii can know ey:,,-|ly wh.it time they will have
ffr thfin-olvc-. When thi^ ain..nnt of con'iidcrati.in is
-h.avn thcni. they .in- f..nnd to he pcrf(clly willing to give the extra
time iic((--ary in tlie hii-ie^t part nf the •-oa^on
A fanner win. Iri- ad-jifeil ihi< vy^totn on his combined dairy and
trni; farm telN me ;hat the rcMilt In- b.-en alt. aether ^;,,od "A neigh-
■"•nr ..f niiin'," he ■^avs, "keep- hi- men at work a* long as
'" '■■'" 'l'lie> are ..ften nji nl f.qir; they do not get any
r.-t time afn-r breakf:i-i, ti,.r ,, I'nll h..nr at noon. The con-
-''imii'-e i- tliry ,ire lir.-d all the ii— On my place we
-l.irt at live, take a full h-iir at I>reat:fa-t anci another hour
at dinner time, and kn.uK ..ft atjain at liv. . after whie.i there's n.ithing
t.. b.- ,|,,ne except th,- .nrning inilkmLe The w. .rk is better d..ne. and
ll'r mm are ^ati^fied,
" I liave m\er li.i.l :iny I'.uible .-.b..nt help, and I h:\ve
llir.'e m.n wli,. Ii.ivc bi-en w Ih me f.ir eight years. (_)ne
rea-.,n f.,r th- tronble -nme f:,r;,ier< have is that they tnrn
men adrift f..t the winter I alvv.ay- give a yearly contract,
an.! taereV en.iigh w. ,rk in the winter to make it worth
wlnle 1 have »;ve men in rent-free houses. The foreman gets $.12.s
'E'v 14v> a year, a h, n-.' w..rth $I(K' (£20 \U.) a year, and a garden
Willi II w.rt.. ..f fruit He hav two cows of his ,nvn, besi.les pigs and
p. nitre. Kaeh ..f the other men get $27.=; (£?7 C.) .i ye.ir. with a house
and garden, and 1 keep a e.,w f,,r ihem. F..r eight months in the year
I emp!,.v extra men at $1 2.^ (.s.. 2d.) a dav. All the men at present
arc Canadians, but I ..ften had Englishmen and Scotsmen, and when
they are u-ed to the work they arc as gooil as any."
The Old-C.iunfryman who wants to take up frnit-grow-
mL; under tli.- be-t c. mditions, with a practically certain
I'r..-p,-et ..f -neee<s has a really fine opportunity in the re-
gion 1 have d,.seribrd. If he has no capital, he will, of
eonrs,., becin by w..rking for a fruit-grower who is already
c-fal iished. if pos-ible one who is horoughly np--o-date in his methods.
A man with a little capital will do the same, if he is
ve.ll .a.Ki-e.l, Fven if he is an experienced farmer himself,
ami kn..w- a g. .,id deal about frnit-growing in the Old
( ..imtry. he will i;.iin immensely by getting practical ex
perienec ..f the new cuntry and its methods bef.ire he sets
np for him-elf: and the delav will give him n..t only this l,.cal expcr-
ienee, but the ad,liti..nal eapit.il he needs to start in.Iependent operations.
l"v n 1' a m.in ha- eapital enr.ugh, I should strongly advise him to
tak.. the same cnr-e, lii-ing himself out— as hundreds of educated men
h;n,. d..ne— t'..r at leas. ,,ne season, and working as if he had not a
pemi> m the world. However cnlWlent he mav be in his own judg-
ment, he will be far better .able after that experience to judge between
the vari..iis . r.hard lands offered him. and to make the
"''"■^ '"■;' "->^' "f ''"■ l.-iud when at la-t he buys. As I have said
Ha-..tc Lciis h.-;.,i. . u!,,,t ,- w..rtii iiaving is w,)rth hunting. A new-
Speed. cMuer may possibly run acr.>.;s "the very place for him"
bef.ire he is a week in the country; hut he is far more like-
ly to get it if he has chosen it deliberately, fr.mi a number of places
oflfercd, after cireful investigation Farms come into the market for
40
The Poor
Man's Op-
portunity.
The Man
with
Capital.
various rrafon";. In a new country, for oni- thinR. the
Why prople nro not so iininovnbly r-otcl to the ^pot whi-rr
Farms are t!iry live .-is they often seem to h,- in the Old C 'iiiitry A
for Sale. ni.-m tn.iy h.iye a very vronrl fnriii, hnf he lias no licitntion
about vcllinu it at a proilr if lie tliinK- lie cm afforil a In-t
ter one. Moreover, healthy as a farmer'- lif'- i-. In- o.iiinot live for <-vit,
ami when he dies someone el-e inn-t <\c\t into lii- j.l.in' Vrrv roni
monly the farmer retires froin tm-iness uliile -till li.ile ami he.irty.
having made plenty to live on withont workiiii; t.. tlie end of his ilavs.
Thousands of the-c retired f;irnii'r- ni.iv he f.iind Inoi^; in ;>e.ice ami
eonif<irt in the vitlatres and town- of (Int.irio If there are no -on-, or
if the sons have made liomcs tor llu'in-elvr- 'I-r«herc. ilic f.irm is
generally sold.
Sometimes the owner [>refir- to L-ct a tenant, or to entrust the
farm to a practical man who will w rk it "U "-h ire-"-- that is. the own-
er and occupier dividini; tlie procii-d- of the cff^p. This
Farms gives an oiiporttinity to the experieiun-d ni.m who is n .t
to Rent. (piite ready to buy a jdace of his own. Most of the farms
in Ontario, however, are the freehold of the farmers who
live on them, and nuist of ilio men who ro there froiti the I'niled Kinij-
Successful Celery Growing Mc.ins L.;r^c Protits.
di'ni will be |,;!ad to I'md tlienisch c- in a country where they can be
their own landlords.
Tile cai.ltai ri.|Uircd ^.irics ii.,t ..niy ,..cC'
Capital kind and si/e of farm and biiillinv;-. but
Required. whether the buyer wants to nay e.i-li in full
ineiit- The -elKr i- neneralK liiiile ui'lii
.r.li
1^; t.. III.
'u'Ci
.nlim; t.
or
K t
in ill -la I
. t,.ke 1
41
morfRiiKe for the grratcr parr of the prior, charging moderate interest
(I inf nti..iir(I Kur la-c iTi wliicli tin- r.itr was a- low a< 4 per cent, bnt
5 or 5'4 per rent i- more ii-iial ..n amounts loft owinn). There are
piciily ..(■ reputable Irii-t oonipaiiics and in(li\ iihials always
rmilv t.i ailvaiK-i' uionoy on mortnaKe. if the seller insists
"11 ca-Ii il..\vn, S"Tnc fanners ^ay they tin<l it more profit-
cM.' t.. put their '•avinc^ hack into their own farms — iin-
laiid and Imildiiik;^. and onlar^inR thiir orchards — than to
pa\ niT till ir iii. irlira-.- Thi- policy may l)c carried to dangerotis
extreme-; Imr ilio moderate ii-e of borrowed capital, when a reRiilar
snni 1- Mt a-ide every year f, .r repayment, i- hel|dnl and justifiable.
It i- !_', nerally e-limatod ih.at a man with $.^.(MX) (say
Sl.fMO), i, i,i ,•, p,..iti,.n to buy a good 1(10 acre farm. If
he lia- $J.(KXl (-.,\ £41(.i, lie cm Mill buy the farm, but, of
ciii-e. he will h.ive t.. pay iiitere-l. -ay $l.s() . .r $l'i.s (£.M
."Js. ,.r £H 7-. (id 1 f..r the 'ir-t venr. to bo reduced ,i- f.a-i a- he repay-
the principal. Tlie-o fiyiire- t.ike $.s() (£10 S-.t an .ice as the freehold
price of a ,eo..d ;n(r.,..je t'.iriii. iuchidiiiK bnihiiiit;.. Hut the price- of
farms vary ureatly- from $.'!( I.. ?|IH) (£4 to £2i)) an acre, accordiun to
an (dhcial -tatciiuiit Hue l.uin li.i- ln-en kept in better condition than
.-mother, or a l,iri:<-r pn^portion .if it- area ha- been broURht under cul-
tivaticiii. ,ir it ha- lutter tniildini;-. ,.r i- nearer a railway station or
market town
"Thoo curt pay too niucli fur ^i I land, and poor land is dear at
Loans on
Mortgage.
provinir th<
Prices of
Farms.
au\ price,'
Chances
in a Poor
Farm.
Sii -,iid .a wi-e ..Id (Juaker in t'rince Kdw.ard C'.iunt..,
yevorthelcss. a po,.rly cultivatc<l farm, with a very
nii.dr-t dvvellini;. s,, I,, up as the -oil is jjood. may be just
the place fi.r a man with small capital wdio has the skill
III ^\.llk ii lip viiiorou-ly into hiph condition— which, of
cour-o, will me.in hiji-h value if he wants to sell.
.\ man with cm-iderablo means, on the other hand, will pndiably
prefer a farm already in fir-t-rate order, witli a Rood hou-e and other
buildi.ii;-. and will be ready to pay the p- cc I may here supplement
what I h.ive said about the l.iliinir -upply by pointing out that a man
who due- things on a lan,'e scale i- aide to ofTer steady work at good
wages, and i- in.. re likely to sot i.niod men: while the man who takes
a small pl.ice can at a pinch do a lari.;e pn. portion of tlie work him-elf.
If a man ha- children of .in nee to d,, a hit ,.f light work, the fainily
lia- a tromendoii- adv-.nt.igc.
\ rejiislcr of farms f,ir -.ilo i- kept by the Ontario
(■.o\ernnient— which al-o. by the way, keeps lists of farm-
er- who will take newcomers fof cotirse, without the
•'premiums" that some men ask") and pay them such wages
as they may be worth from the siart, besides giving them
lodging. Here, however. I will -impl- give a few actua'
ex.imple- of farms and farm prices which I have come across in the
cour-o of my own investigation.
For example, a farm of 140 acre- was lately sold for $.';..=;00 (.£1.145).
on its .iwiur'- retirenunt. The -amr price is a,ked for a farm of 1(X)
.acres, owned by a man who has no son-. A place li \W acres, includ-
ing a good brick h.nise a "tenant house" f..r the hired man, and a barn
i< priced at $6,000 (£1.2.-01.
" - ■■- '.-,•••.' .".re- l-.-ni yc.;rs ago, snvs cue ..t iiiv
nilorm.'uts. "just mit-iilo the town where I live, and paid $60 (£12 10s )
an acre." making $4,800 (£1.000) f,,r the whole. "The land was in fair
coiidition. and included ,i ten aero orchard, twenty -even y.-ar- ,i|d.
which had been poorly cultiv.ited. hut in our second year we took 700
barrels off it. There wa- no Inm-e. hut a tTne barn, measuring 100 by
42
Govern-
ment
Registers.
board and
Ontario Trees — PiK nut Hi^kcry.
4(1 feet, ,iiul H""il iiii'Ii'i i;i""iinil -t.ilili'-. 'I'll;' priic ui gund land iioii'
all. lilt- a\ora.i;r^ 11..111 $(0 t.. $l(«l li'lJ 10-, i,, i>i\ ](,. , an acrr "
" My fatlur tufk a farm ■•! Ill** acrr-." -a\- an.il'.ir I'ricii'l. " w.irk
(■(1 il c,\ir lliirlv ><ar-. aiiil cra'iiiaMy onlarui 1! it ti. _'1(. acre- It !ia-
n.iw l)fi-n -I'M i'(ir $l(t,i'(Kt |£_'.(18J). The |inri-lia-i.T. li\ thi wav. i- a Tiiaii
whci has been fariiiiiii; in the roii^h cciintry in thf north ■ 't' Ila-lin^-
Cotinty, hilt li!> ha^ inaih.' ciii'iiirli li' niaki- a -.uh-lantial payment mi
aiciiunt."
We are all 'orts. we Old-Country f( Ik h"i>r a tew a(h a iitiirons
spiritp, nothing will do hut the wild wc^t — though nowadays they have
I 43
to K<i pretty far ti> Pml wildiu-^ even in tlu- west K^r llif ordinar'
man. ospciiillv tin- family m.iit, with <nleriiti-p fiintujli to crns» the -ic.
hilt a ^imiiK <lc--irr l''>r a i-lca'atil limine ami CMnKcnial occitpaiion in .
wrll M'ltliil ciiiniiiiily. I can inl.l^;ll1<■ um liaiipicr I^t lli.in llic life of at
api'Ir man en I.al<c Dnlnrin
DOMINION GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AGENTS. *
The I-VdiTal Ininiierali. 'ii -ervicc lia- an i ■rtranizatinn tlirr ii(ftMitt
'^ntari'i f^r tlic ptirifTC ..i placing' farm 1a!>onrcra and domestic «cr
vant- Tills inrtndp- 142 cnipl. ■> nirnt at"'!!!- Tlir-c a^;rnt>- keep in
fMrninl in rcL';iri| |i' l:il>^.iir rc.iiili'i. .n^ in tlicir di-trirt* Thrnin;li them
tin- li .1.) im; a-,^riit- ii- ihr Cnitid Kined<>ni are ailvi^ed where lahoiir i-
re.|nircd in .vnh'r llin' tin- iumv s,.jil,.r, tnav Iw tinnked tn pnjnfs when-
wnrk ran In- sr.'nrr. \'li 'ti nrw srltl'-r- arr hociked, t'le honkint
apent- 'iinl iii.tict- i ia:'.i- »■. the C,, ,\ ,■• •inuMil Kmiilnynient AKeiit
in thf i!i-trirt t.i wliiiii llir -itiJiT i- k'"i"k!. '" 'lint the employment
atrrnt niay Iia\ .■ tiim- ii . !■ .. ■!■. iIk iit I'.ir a -ni'alil.- pi ut f. ir the ih'wc. .nicr
Tlii- -crviro i^ paid fi.r mtir. h h\ tlii- ''.« .v. rnnii-nt . nn fees i,f am
kind arr rharirrd tin- ni \v arrix.il
IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS.
I^vrry iiiiniit:ratit arrivint: in '.'.in 'da ba- In cMmr np \" t!v phv-i
ral. mental ::nd iii'Tal stand ltd- p^r ..rilwrl hv tlio Canadian Itnniicra-
tii'n Act. cillnrwi-i- !u' er sh,- i^ r. I'liscd ailmittanoe.
rRoiur.rrKii n. \s«fs.
Tlie fidlnwitii' rla-s,>. are alisnlntrly niidiihilcd tiy llii- \i i from
enterine Canada' —
Persons Mentally Defective —
(a) Idiiil-. indvrilc -. fn tilr mi'iilrd i>i'rsons. (■idl^'ptics. iii«nne
piTscin-, and iiir-r.ii~ wIim liavi' tven iii-anc williin live yoars previous
Diseased Persons —
(t)"i Persons atHic-letl with anv l^.allis..nii disease, iir willi a di*
ease which i' contairionc or infections, or which may become danger-
ous to tile pnldic health-
Persons Physically Defective —
(c^ Tinrnieranl- who an- rlnnili. blind or othrrwi-ie physically de
fective. unless in the opinion i>f the ininiicralion antlmrities they have
snfTicient monev. or have sm-h pr.ifcs-ii.n. occupation. tra<Ie, employ-
ment or other li'eitintnte nrnde ■■{ carningr a livinp that they are not
liahle t" heconie a 'Mildic ehartrc "r iinh-- thev helone to a fainilv ac-
compainintr thnn Mf .alr.-.idy in Canaila .anrl which fives security cptis-
factory to the Mini-f.>r . f tin- Tnt.-ri.T r.iriin' s,ioh iniinicrants hpcom-
inp 1 public chnrpe.
Criminals —
I'd"! Pcrs.,i,s ^^■h.. h ,y .' U,....x .-, ,,; vitt •■(! !■( anv Lrim- involving-
moral tiirpitnde
Immoral Persons —
(el Prostitnte- and u..ni'n anil ^tirls coniint: to Canada tor anv
inim..ral pnrp. .-e. and (liinp- .-r per-"ns livinu .n the avails of prosti-
tution.
44
""I Procurers—
(f) I'er-'ti- »h" pr.M-iirc ..r :ilt.nii't !■■ Iniiik: irt. C'.m.ula (.n.^ti
■ ,:>e- or wciiicii <T tiri- f..r tlir- i.un--i' ■ ' i-r.-tunii ii ..r ..ili.-r mi
rmrsl purpose
Hcggars and VaRrants —
iiz) Vf.ff^-\,.ii.\\ h.-nk-ar- •■r s.i>.r.iiit- 'T pcr-.'ii^ lik.-K I.. !i.-...ini>
I p'llilii- cli.irBi'
(hi ltiit''ii!r:ii'l- Im wli.ni ii ■ tn'V hi (>■ m i;ivii .t I ii.'i! 1>\ .iiiv
,-h;irit;il.Ir . irL'M.i/.iti. .ti f. r the "v.r; ! . .Mlilmt' 'licttl I mIiIv <• .r
lai-i'iiip ill CaiKMhi iiiiil.T thi^ Avt, ..r wli..-c |ia--.iK»- t.. IViii.u!.! hi-
ho'ii I'.ii'!, wh.'Hv .T in pari l-y .iin rl'iiii il'I.- . TwMr.i.'.iti. '11. .'r ..tit .f
,Mihli.' iii-ii'-\-, iiiil.^- i' I- b^wi tli.H lli. .nth.^ritv in writinir "i t'l--
Siiin'rinfend.'nt <■! Imiincrili' 'ii. "r in iM-'- "f ptr-n- C'lniPtf li^'iii
I'.iir.ipr, the .iiithi.rit\ in writint! .'f ih.- \ -i.l.iiit Siip.'rintn ili'iit ..I
I".i!iii;r.nti..n i..r {'annihi. in I.r.|i.l..ii. Ii:i~ li.'t-ii .lii.iipi'.! !• r lli- hin.lin.,'
m C.iii.hI.i i'( -nch prr-nn-. am! that -lU'h ai'tlP'ritv hi h"' " i.'''l "p n
viillMii a poridil i>f -i't'v ilay^ iht-r.-aftt-r
li -h.'iilil he p..intiil .'i;! that l!i. I'l- ! ilnti.^n in ri'^ai.l (.. charity
anh-d iiiiiiiiv:rant~ (hic- ii.'t appiv in .. .- wht-rc iii..ii,'% i- piivi'rii,
I.Mnod hv •■lit" mdniiliiil !•. aiwitluT
h a (li< ;
fianger- 1
Where Lu»:ioui Orapcs Thrive Abundantly
45
\fONT:Y Ql'Af.IFMCATIONS.
'I'lirrr rirc ,-,Ti..in n k:iil.ili..ii- riL-irilinp the amount of ijionpy im
iiiiur.iiits nni-t li.i\ , in llirir |., ...,■--!. ti hi nrrltT to fircntnc eliijihle to
iiitir CjtM.l.i llnwrviT, Ihrr.- ,-irc Mv,. .ti'-c. ,.f imtniKrant> wh.i air
r^(•lll|.f fr..in iIicm- r. >.'iil.ili..i. ■, Tliry ;irc:
I Mnle inuiiicr.-.iii- U'iiMi to ,i--iirrcl cmpl.iymfnt «t f.irtn wirk
.iiitl li.uiiii; 111. in, .111- i.f r.u-liiiiy llir iil.ur .,f Mich cmplovmrnt; fr
iii.ilr iiumiBr.uil, uoiii*.' I.. .i^.iir.-.| .■tiii.|..yiTifnf nt (!omc,Hc .rrvicc anil
linint: llic iiUMii- ..f rr.-uliiiii; lli,' pli.c.- ..f -lu'li riiiploymcnf.
-'. \ri iiiimiyr.iMt ..f .my ..f llic f. .11. .uiiii; rle-oripli. .us K.iiiig to
r. -l.li- with .1 ,, I.itiv,. ,.f ,.i.r ,.f 111,. f,.ll,,wiin; .l.-.Tiption- (wh.. i^i al)l,-
.11.1 uillii.i,. I,, ..ip|„,ri Mi.li iMiini«r.,iiM :iim! Ik,- iIip jnc:tu^ ..f roadiing
111,- 1.1.,, .• ..f r. -I.!, II. • ..f -lu-li r,'I;itiK,- —
\- W'l', t'..iiii; I., lui-li.iiii!;
n Cliil.l i.".iiii; I.. i..ir,iit:
(' l!r.i|luT ..! -i-liT f.iiiii; I.. Iir..tliir:
I) Min.,r L.,.iin; i,, Mi.irti,,! ..r iml, i..iulf nl -i-ter;
I- -I', Ill-Ill ^■.•iiiL' I II ..r ,l;iii^;litir;
\11 ..lliiT ininiit;r:iiit- iiiii-i .-..niply witli thf rf>.'iil:ili..ii* r.i;:ir.li!iK
""•'"> 'ii'ilil'":iti"ii 'I'll, ;.iiip..-.. ,.f ilic-o reBiil.Tti..ii- i- t.. iir..viilo
lli.il 111,. II, vv .irri\.,l will h,,M- ,n.,ni;h iii..iu-y t,> niriiii^\iii lii.. ..-If until
111' li.i- li.iil mil,' I., l..,,k .,l,..iii f..i -iiii;ilil,- fmpltiymcnt.
'I'lic rii;nl:ili,.ii- pr..\i,l,- ijiit tli.' iinmijjrant niu'^t li.ivc in lii-i nr
li.r i„,--,--i.iii .-I, the lini,. .f ;irnvnl a -pcrif'icd -iim of money hi'L-nR-
itiK •ili-..Iiil.'ly t,. -lu-li iniiiiiyi.iiii Tlic anv.nnt v.irip- with ilie season
of .arriv.il Tlic r.'mil.ili. .ii- ,m1I f.,r -
M.irih I -I to 0,l,,l,,r ,11-! $j; (£5)
\..v,-inhrr 1-1 t., I.i-I .lay of Fcbniiry . . . . $50 (£10)
\ii.l Ml a. Mill. in I., -lull iii,.ni-y llip imniiRranl iMii-t have a ticket oi a
-nllicicnt -imi of iii.,n,y wiilt wliicli to inircha-e a ticket or tr.msport
to hi< or lirr (!c=liiiaii,.ii in Can.ula.
In 111," ca-,- .,f a l.iinily , TiiisjratiiiK' l..K,ilier; it i- not nece>sary
I'l.ii <acli in. Mill, I .,f 111,, f.iinily .,hriiild indivi.liially comply with the
iii..iii'\ rct;iil.ili,.ii-. Iiiit ill,. h,,i,l of tli, family niii-t po««pss a siilTicient
-Mill ,.f ,ii..M,y I., b,' ,,|iii\alcMt to the aiinrt-Katc .-.il^'d for ..ti the
i'..ll .n-iii^r |,a-i-:_
\larch 1-1 t,, 0,t,,1„r 3Ut-$.'? i £>) in regard to each adult of
ciuliti'iM v.:ir- ..r .,vcr in the tamily; $12.50 (£2 10s. 1 in
rcparil t.. .-.icli |.ersi n in llic l.airils Ic-- than eighteen years
of ace
\..vcn!t>,r l-i I.I l;iM day .,f i'.-hnMi \ - $50 (£10) in regard t,
I'.i, ...lull number ,.f ihc l.iiiiil.> : aiul $J5 (£5) in rc«a'-,i to
each child.
.\n(i thi- money innsl h,- p.,--(.-scil in adilition lo tickets or a pum
of ni..ncy e,|iiivaK-iil I,, the c-l of Ir.an-p.iri f,,r all members of the
I. mills lo their pl.ic,' ..f d, --1111:111. .n in I .n..-. ,
NOTE.
i i..ni iiiiiv to time niiii..r v.inatioii- in:i> I.e nia,Ie in the restrictive
rci:nlaii,.ii- in acL'ordaiicc wiiii \ar\ing conditi. i- and eircum>^tances.
l-'nil iiiioniiali.in in rcKar.l l.. tlu--c and any oilier features of the Im-
iniKr.iti.m \ct may he ohiaiiied by applying, to any of the Canadian
Government Immigration Agents in the United Kingdom.
46
i
CANADIAN GOVKKNMICNT AGENTS.
' li.r.n.liiiK -.-ttl.r- «..i!l.l ■!.. v^.-ll. I„ i..i. .1, ■ i.Iiiik "l-ii .niy iMrii.n
l.ir l.'i..!il\. ti« ciMi-'ill ..|ir .1 lit!' I'.H' •.!i-in l'.- \ rriiln. • ' \i;iiil - lii tlir
; |„ilr.l kirK.|..ni. --'i.. mil •luhi.iit ,! in;.-, tlclly k;i^ , .ith.-r iht-.h
f ,|U ,.r l>y Irtlri, nil .nut nli.iMi' ilct.iiU rrn.ir.Siiin iim [...int iil>"ii
AJiu-h intciiiliiikt i..I.iniM- .1, -in' iiit.-nir'tiMit I'li.- t..Ili.wini! i- .. li-l
I !l!c Citi.Hli.ui r,..MTiitn. lit A^'^ni. iti itio Inii.il Kinu''-'" —
EnK'and.
\|. 1 ()|t!'l> SMITH. \--i-!iiit MijM nini'iiiii 1 I "I I tinkri iiii-n.
II 1JI< ni.iriiiy Cr-->. I..'ii>l"ti. S W
Mr \ I MRS. t>: I. .'Ill >': ■ •. I.U' '■("■"I
Mr IKIM (.■ \M IT.I I.I.. 1.-" V'mi i-i .i ..ii .n -• . Itirirn . i.iin
Mr .|i>ll\ (.' \l\i) \1,1'.. f^l ijii. . 11 Mn-. 1, Iv.'.r
Ml ll<i:i> \V. Kl'KK. !. tn r,iu u ly. C.ti-tl. "- ikIi
M, !■. M. I.l'i ih -4 I",,-'!. Stp . t. *.■ .til-!'-
Mr I. la'KNI'. I 1'. !'• r.irli.itii.ni Slri>... \ vk.
Wales.
Ml, S \V I'CC.II -> -"' lli^ili Sur. 1. (.■..rilit!
Scotland.
.Mr J. K. MIl.l.XK. H'-" ll-l"-- Mu-ot. Gl.i-g.,w
.Mr. I,. I. .\Kri . I i; \l.l>, ''•'< I iifii Sti'-fl. At). I'lciii.
Irelanii.
Mr. Jiill.N \\ i:U.>ri.U', 1"!'' \Kt"ri.i Stm!. l',clii-t
.Mr. i;1)\V.\K;) > )'i-. !-.I,1.\ , 44 I'.w-.'ii .-^'1.1 1 l)iil>liiL
NOTICE.
The CaiKidian I niini«'';iti>iM Ueiiartincnt Uc^ir(•^ ciiiiKr.i:!- .m!
li.MikiiiK aKiiiis til di-tiiKily iinil^T^taml that it i;. ii.^t rc-i'<"i~'''l'' '"''
any stattiiients made t>y I'.mpluyiiient lUircau!, t.r < ihcr, in llii I lutf!
Kiiimiuiii, aii.irt irmii tliu^c coiiuined iii pniitcil iMinplilcla or tircitl..i-
..1 tlio Department.
47
IMPORTANT
FARMERS, FARM LABOURERS
and
FEMALE DOMESTIC SERVANTS
are the only people the Canadian Immi-
gration Department advises to emigrate
to Canada.
All others should get definite assurance
of employment in Canada before leaving
home, and have money enough to support
them for a time in case of disappointment.
METROPOLITAN
TORONTO
LIBRAR>
/
789
VOCE
'"TDRONKJ
M4W2G8
M
m'^s^