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N«w York 14609 USA :^BB (''6) *S2 ' 0300 - Phont ^S ' ' ' 8) 28a - 5909 - ra> DOMINION or CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF BOT^-VNY (fansm' Oirevlax Vo. 1.) ijy/f' POTATO CANKER (Ohryiophlyelii endobiotiea, Schilb.) IMPORTED INTO CANADA. H. T. Gtrssow, Demmten Botmuitt, PUBLBHD n VBM DOUtOTIOII OT THR HoN. MaRTIN BuBULL, MnnmB or AOUOULTUM OTi'AWA, MAY, 1018 28rn Ottawa, Ost.. May 7, 1912. To tlio Honouralilo flic Miirator of Apr'niHure, Ott.wn, Out. Sib,— I have the honour to submit lor your approval Farmer*' Circular No. 1,— ' Potato CaukPT Imported into Canada,' prepawsd by Mr. H. T. Gtt««»w, Dominion Botanist. This circular deals briefly with PoUto Canker, inoculation with which apparently unprcventablc and incurable potato disease, Canadian soiU ara threatened. The fact that the potato crop in Canada, even at thia early Btoge in her develop- ment, runs from sixty to ninety millions bushels, worth from thirty-five to fifty mil- lion dollars annually, indicate* the importance of every citiien, as well as the dif- ferent Provincial govemmenta and the Federal government doing everything in their power to prevent the introduction of this most dangerous potato disease into our soiU. The wide distribution of the brief statement of facU in connection with this matter, as given in, the circular, should do much to make dear to our citizens the importance of their uniting with the povcrnment to insure that none of the poUtoes r«*titly imported from Europe shall find their way into the soil aa seed. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servatit, .1. II. ORTSDAT.E, Director, Dominion Experimental Fartnt. rOTATO OAVXU SU im DIPOITID ISTO OAITABA. Owiii« to tJio light (loUto crop in th« Dominion in 1911, impurtatiotu of p'>tatoei bwaniu u ner**.ity. (len.-mlljr ipfmking, tbete importttioiu were intendv.l f..r tublfl u«e only, but •• th« aeaion advkiH'ed « ouaiiJonble number of iiii|iiiri.M imve l>w(n rmeive^l from furniert re-rnH-ting the »e ' )r now! of (ucli imports t.»tat.M>(i. For thin reaaon it would leeni adviiahle to warn iiotato grower* Bffaiti«t ilio iimi (.•r aeed <>1 i ottitowi imported from the Britiih Itle* and other European iH.untri.>*. Not onl;. Iiat it been found that Ruropean varietiea do not yield an wt>ll at th«» Caiiadiun, but tbn very deetructire and cumniumcable diaeaie kiinwn a.t I'otnto Canker {ChtifsophlyrtU «ndohiotie». Sohilb.) haa recently been di*«>vere<l in a »bip- mpnt of potatoCTt imiH-irted from Ei^and. Bulli'tiii ii;i, iftiuca l>y the CenUtI ExperiuienUl Firm, OtUwa, fully do«erib«a tiid K>ve.4 il'uBtrutiona of tliis diiea«e, copie* of which may be had free on applioatiop. The following poiiita will I'nable faiuieri and othem intereeted in growing potutue* to realize the eiCueedingly danceroui nature of this disease, the i>«tablii<hmant of which in thii country would be nothing ihort of a national calamity. 1. The only way in which the di->eaae can be introduced it tbrouKli the planting (•t affecieil tuber*. 2. Tl e use of ditea-'ed tuberi for teed may, in the worat casea. result .n \ho rom- plcto destruction of the entire crop. 3. When oni-e introduced the di«ea«u germ infests the loil for a periixl of eight year», which means that for nt least eiKbt years no sound potatoes cnti be ruiswl on land thus infected. 4. None of the known remedies for other plant diseaaes will prevent the appenr- iinoe of the disease. 5. Tlie disease is spread readily tkn>ugh infested soil carried by wind, animali, I'arin inipli'meuts, old bag' or other means. The common Late Blight {Phylophtkora infextani) which is well known to every potato grower, and which may at timea astume a very destructive chara<'ti;r, is easily prevented by spraying; Potato Canker, however, is much more serious than this or any other potato disease at present known. This destructive diae" is now been discovered in potatoes imported from En»- land. Every care has been e-..rciaed to prevent the distribution of shipments known to lie infecte'l. They have been destroyed immediately. None of this diiiease exists at present in Canadian soil. Within a few day , the planting of potatoes will be geners'l throughout the country. In view of th.j fact every person, interested in growing potatoes on however lar^re or small a scale ia hereby »trongly urved to refrain from usiny for seed any kind of potatoes imported from the British Isles or other European countries. Even thoufrh such potatoes may appear to be sound in every way, and though I they may be cheaper than. Cana an grown, they will almost certainly — if used for I seed — be the meana of establishing this most dangerous disieaae. And as already indicated, this disease, once es: ablisheil, will result in causing an I incalculable injury to the profitable and important potato growing industry. It ha» now btts d«elde.| to rifoKHUljr |.ro«i*>l MuiLtt •«/ ptwoii utin* »w:h Importi'd |H uti*. for ii*.!, m iiKlicated b Uie fo'lowlng proflil. tii un.Wr »(ki I>«*iru«tivi! Inattt and Prtt Act; • It *>i»il l« illegal t« Mfll, oiler i.-r 'al*. ai.jH»*« u( lu aiii- way, r«c«W« or om, l«f Mvl |.ttr|K)^, any p«.«aU«. impurle I (fom Europe." ' Kvarj i*rou uaiim lor Mt-J olhur iiotahn'i llian 'ucli a uavu been rait«il by biniwlf mu-t ol)lniii. pre««rve aiul fshlbit vu tleiuaud. pn-vioui to plaiitln*. i\ cOTtitivate from thr Md.r or hi* agi-iit itatinn that the jH,tut.iea t.. U. utvd for MoJ bate not bwn iiiipottwl from Euro|M.'.' 'ComiHm.aiioi. not •■xin-«linf two-third* of tha »alue ui »t»ettrd by Ukj iMimtor, of thr vc«et«li..u or v««aUble matter or container, therrol dwtmjra.1 by the iii.tru.tiou of an in.|«ttor. .hall be granted by the (loremor in » oiin«il aiM.li the retonunendation of Vhe miniaUr. eaoejH in caK-. where the-e regulation* are .arried out und.r the direttion of the government of a pwinoe not granting •on.pon^ation, or In Uie caae of poUtoea or potato cropa." • Kven iMjraoii who contravene, any proviiioii of thu Act or any ragulattoii maile thereun.ler. .hall he liable. up.m .umniary conriction. to a «n« not exceed ing one hundrt^l dollar., or to impriwnmPnt for a term not exceeding »i« monltai, or t. both Hue and impri-onment. Any viirehible matter importe.1 or broufh into Canadi contrarv to tin. A<<t. or to any regulation made thereunder, tltaU U> forf«itpd to iSe Crown." u . _ ^/ .w. ' The owner, occupier or leeaee of any premiiMia or place where any of »• ln«ect.. pe.U or diieaM. .peoiHe.1 herein .hall he found, shall immediately notify the n.ini-ter, and «hall al*. wnd to him .pecimen. of .uch inaect.. P*aU or diiM'aaea,' In view of tb»e provi.ion. it may be pointed out that iihould the «|''*"*J*J''; • covered .ubaequent to the iaaue of thi. circular m «.y «eW or fwrn th.. J^'' "' gfowvv on who*, land it U found will be ..ked to furnlah evident a- »*•»'»«•' S^the poUt<*. u«.l for .*o.l. if no ..ti.factory care »>"; Wn exerr...! he w^ll no only render himaelf liable to fine or impri«.nment provided under thi. Art, hut mil forfeit the entire crop without any compennation. In eon<lu.i..n it may be »tate.l that up to the pre«,nt Canadian '^J^J**''*^'^" thi. diaea^,. which. .. i* well known ha. defied every mea«,re directed aga.n.t H. ravagt. in certain Engli.h and other European potato growing Ji.tr.et*. The effort necb-d to keep our .oil free flora thi. moat injurioua diaeaae. which may lurk in practically everv iK.tato imported from Europe la »«-\""«n- ,^1' "•■» !* ncl«.yi' that our poiato grow. ,. exerci-e ,.me little care in the aeleetlon of heir 2T The r3.ult of ..arele..ne.* in thi. .mall matter at thi. prea^mt moment of plant- l^timc Innroachin^. i. almoat certain to effect irreparable injury to our exceedingly XmI S.to growing induMry. to ^ay nothing of the mil'ion, of .U."-- «tl« JJa^icaUrcertairto ooat in the future to control the diH,aae, w'^en once e.U.bh.he.1.