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(June, 1915) DOMIXIOX OF r\VAD-\ DEPARTMEXT OF ACJRICL'LTURE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. J. H. GRISDALE, B.Agr., Director. G. H. BUTTON, B.S.A., Superintendent, Lacombe, Alta. Experimental Station — for— Central Alberta. HOW RIPENING OF GRAIN CROPS MAY BE HASTENED — by— G. H. HUTTON. •J- The qticMion as lo how the :}rSMrr?:,r"''r-r '-''---'•-«" i„,p„.an. m ",.->„>. fiehis where had ,he crainri, cne'l . , ""' "^' T^''' "^ »^'"'" '"i-e.l would have been s.,cl, as ,„ have liule o k' •';'-",'•':''- ''""■ 'l-aht.v an.l yieUl the heaviest crop is rather slow in ripening ' " '""" °^"" "" ''"'= "^»' i-; THE QIESTIO.V OF VARIF.TIFS Much has been accomplished bv the inl toward realizing the id class of the cereals. Tl ditions. cco.nplishrd by the inlrodncli.u, ol i,m,r„v,.,l -n1 ,• ideal of a safe e-.rlv I, . 7,""'"^"^"' •'t' earlier varieties I ^^>^":::r^:y::::nr^^^^^ --s ';: L :::'.',::. ., ,„„ .,„,„, _ OATS: IWV:,ri,,i..s: „,,,,, ,„,„,,^.,.. ,„„^^.,, .w^fl^L^fe^dU^a^:::^ ^^'"^- ""• -^ -- >-<"-. -l P-duces a very leafy l^.wedtt- :^.:r-;i,:r:ra:;'----;'- -•" --- -- - .w. '•HAS: lk..t V.,ri, , V : .,,,,„, . SKI.ECTION OF VARIETIES fn .turity of the variety selected "^' '" ''^' ■"''"^'^'^ '<^ fasten the dale of ) •i If .; IJJ u QUANTITIES OF SF.KIJ PI-.K ACRE INFLUF.NXF. DATES OF MATURITY. We have found that by increasins ;hc quantity of seed used per acre that ripening is hastened and that ivp to a certain point such shortening of the period required to produce mature grain has not reduced the yield. The amount of moisture present in the soil at seed time may usually be taken as the governing factor in determining the amount of seed of any given variety to be sown to the acre. A well worked summer fallow will usually sustain a much larger number of plants per acre than will similar land that has been in grain the year before. Another point worth considering is that a soil retentive of moisture will usually stand heavier seeding for maximum yields than a less retentive soil. This latter statement has a particular bearing in determining rates of seeding to the acre in Central Alberta, having in mind the varieties of soil between say the district about the City of Red Deer and one hundred and twenty-five miles east of that city. WHEAT. QUANTITY OF SF.EI) i'l.R ACRF. ON WELL WORKED SUMMER FALLOW. The following excerpt is taken from the report of this Station for the year ending March 31st, 1910: Chelsia 2 ^^ m u 1^ o. of days Maturing Length of Str .ncluding Ilea haracter o Straw Length of Head O 'Z in PQ Z u >< Inches Indies Lbs. Bush., Lbs. VA 14-2 hi StilT 4!-i (),:!7.') 2H ;!9'4 140 .")."> 4 ti,'22.") ■-'SI 11 '4 I Vi l;« .ir> ;?« .">.H70 '.tt 2K'i 2 '4 i:w .-)4 " :i'i ().()"•') :!(i ■w; .. i;«i .V2 •• VA H.-i.'V) ;{.'{ 4K.>-4 Dtalinn with the same subject in 1'->11, the report reads: "The crops obtained in the espcrimcnts with dilTcrent quantities of seed per acre "have resulted in this instance in favour of the heavier seeding, not only with wheat, "but with oats and barley as well. The results of the past season support those ol "previous years and are in opposition to the theories advanced by a number of dry- "farming experts in the western states. This work has now been conducted for more "than one season, and the results are so uniformly in favor of what might be con- "sidered heavy sowing, that we are forced to the conclusion that conditions in the "Province arc so ditTereut as to warrant our farmers in following the advice of the "light seeding advocates with extreme caution. It would be safer to use fairly liberal "quantities of seed until proof has been given by a limited experiment on individual "farms that lighter seeding will give better results. The uniformity of the results in "favor of the heavier seeding indicates that, for this soil, it will pay to be generous in "the use of seed." Marquis ^^ Bush. ■'•4 l'/4 IM 2'/4 2V4 Q .S O S •S ° a Inches \TM 47 111 14H 47 10 I4!l 4« 10 uri •W III 144 i 47 10 is Lbs. ,'),()70 .'-.,(14.') ."j.TliO .'■.,872 (t.OIH Bush. Lbs. 45 ;«i 4» r.H 02 .■i4 .'SO 41 OATS. The following table is indicative of the general results secured during a number of years. This test was first reported in 1909: ^« "o c "o ■s 1 z s u u II eg Q a, 'A 31 Imlii ^ It U o 1^ Imlii^ ■5S 2 llllsll. 1,1),. Tlieiusaiid Dollar 1 .\u,t; . 1,! 12-2 41 Mi-diuMi 7.ti ' 28:.'o 12 ]>> VA 17 ll'l 42 " t .'240 44 4 '} IK 120 40 ■• 7.4 .•(000 4(t 11 •>' J 15 119 ;w 7.1 .'«)00 .■)2 32 "}'" U 118 37 7 .{(HiO ■M 1) ;j'.. 14 118 ;w ti :{720 1)11 J \[i 117 :i6 li .'{(KM) .■>s s Riiiitut 1 IT) 1L'<» 4« 9.7.-. 24SO .^)(i IM l'/-: •Jl 1-J.^) 4.^ 10 4080 (17 2 ■2:i lL'7 42 st.ri ;i720 (is 28 •)T , '^2 ll-'li 41 !• .•{840 "•""t 30 " ii W 1-JO 40 8 :«too 7!l 14 ' ' y/j 14 118 :i9 7 3780 / 'J J.) ' ' 4 i:i 117 :&, 8 .'!(KH) Mi Ill These experiments to determine the best quantity of seed per acre with oats have been conducted for several years. The conclusion reached is summed up as follows in the report for 1912: "Tests have been made for a sufficient length of time with varying quantities of "seed per acre to warrant the statement that for oats in Central Alberta from three "to three and one-half bushels of seed per acre are likely to give the best results on "well worked soils similar to that at this Station. Along the eastern boundary of the "province where there is not such a large amount of humus in the soil, nor such a "great depth of surface soil, less seed than the amounts named may be found to give "the best results." The same .statement may be made in connection with barley. Although when con- sidering the fact that barley is usually seeded on stubble, less seed is advocated than is shown as having given the best results on summer fallow. When sown on stubble and used as a nurse crop we sow from two to two and one-half bushels of well cleaned seed per acre: Ai Quantity o Seed Date — 3 ■51 r Length ol Straw on a Scale of O "o - » •3.S '■$■ > Hush '' Inchi's llUlllN l.bs. \\\\>\\. I,ll^ Mensury 1 .\u^. S 128 47 9 5 • 4,_'t)0 77 24 " VA " 18 128 4U 8'-i V/i 5.H25 81 27 " • » " 14 124 4.") 8 4 i 5,tjl0 83 ti i'A •■ 13 123 4« 8 •1 i 5,535 83 21 3 " 9 I 119 44 8 :i->'4 i 5,.520 88 3K Iiiviuiiblr 1 ■ • 31 141 43 10 4'i : 5,415 4S 21 I'j " 29 139 40 10 4!